PREFACE

THe Tyrombiculidae, a family of Acarina (mites), are in their larval stage

external parasites of vertebrates and more rarely of invertebrates:

In general the species are not host specific, as many are known to occur

on two or more kinds of animals, and secondarily also on man. In a few cases

the same species is to be found on both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.

Many species have been known for a very long time to be a source of

extreme annoyance to man in that they produce an ‘‘itch,’’ while in some

countries their association with a typhus-like disease in man has been suspected

for centuries past. During the last two or three decades, and especially during

the course of the last war in the Pacific Region, the association of these mites

with the disease ‘‘tsutsugamushi’’ or ‘‘river fever’’ of Japan, China, ete., and

“scrub typhus’’ in New Guinea, Malaya and Queensland, has been very inten-

sively studied by the personnel of the Medical Army Services of Britain,

United States of Ameriva and Australia. As a result, two species, Trombioula

(Lepiotrombidium) akamushi (Brampt) and 7. (L.) deliensis (Walch) have

been definitely incriminated as vectors of the organism of this disease.

The possibility that others of the many species as yet only responsible for

an ‘‘itch’’ in man, may be potential carriers of the disease from the primary

host, has rendered the detailed taxonomic study of these mites a matter of the

utmost importance to those engaged in the study of Tropical Diseases.

The writer first became interested in this particular group of Acarids in

1940 when, because of the association of certain species with disease in New

Guinea and Northern Queensland, a survey of our then knowledge of the group

in the Austro-Malayan and Oriental Regions was published jointly with W-. G.

Heaslip in the Trans. of the Roy. Soc. of South Australia, 67, (1), 1943.

With the development of war operations in New Guinea and the Pacific

generally, that publication became a basis for the determination of the larvae

met with by officers of the British, American and Australian Forces, and very

large numbers of specimens were forwarded to the writer at. the South Ats-

tralian Museum for critical determination and study.

As was to be expected, many new species were recognized and our know-

ledge of the taxonomy, as weil as the distribution of the Trombiculidae of the

Asiatic-Pacifie Region has been very materially increased.

Apart from my own studies of this material, a number of new species

have been described by other workers engaged on ecological and medical aspects

of the serub typhus problem during the later period of the war. Amongst these

must be mentioned Lt.-Col. C. B. Philip and his calleagnes Major G. M. Kohls,

2 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Major R. Traub, of the American Army, Lt. G. W. Wharton of the U.S. Navy,

and Squadron Leader C. D. Radford, of the British Scuth-Hast Asia Command.

To ail these colleagues I am indebted for a large amount of material, including

Paratype specimens of their species.

Since 1947, I have also received an immense amount of interesting material,

including many new or rare Malayan and Borneo species from Dr. J. R. Audy,

in charge of the Brit. Hast Asia Serub-typhus Commission in Kuala Lumpur.

Further, the close association of the above-mentioned workers, mest of

whom were able to visit Adelaide at some time during the war, and whom I

was again able to personally meet in 1947 in America and England, has very

greatly stimulated my own studies and been of the greatest help. ‘To all of

these colleagues I desire to express my greatest appreciation.

The realization of the paucity and scatter of published knowledge of these

mites stimulated the writer to consider the publication of 2 monographic re-

vision of the species of Trombiculidae of the Asiatic-Pacifie Region. In 1947

a plan was put forward to this effect, and a generous grant was received from

the Research Grants Division of the United States National Institute of Health,

to enable the writer to. visit institutions in the United States, Britain, and

Europe to study further material, and as a grant in aid of the subsequent pub-

lications of such a revision. To the Research Grants Committee and especially

to Dr. G, B. Philip of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana,

who sponsored my application, I desire to express my deep appreciation.

Further finance towards publication was met by the Board of the South Aus:

tralian Museum, in whose Museum Records the work is naw published. For

this and for the facilities to carry out the studies as part of my official duties,

my sincere appreciation is also gratefully acknowledged.

As originally planned the publication was to include also the allied family

of ‘itch mites,’’ the Leeuwenhoekiidae, as well as an atlas of micro-photographs

of the dorsal seutum of all species, of which the material available was suit-

able. However, the recent great increase in the cost of printing and block-

making, and the limited finance available, has regrettably caused these portions

to be omitted for the present. The work, therefore, is restricted to the Trombi-

culidae only, with line figures of the species.

In the taxonomy of these mites, the classification now adopted has been

based on a study of the adult and nymphal forms from the whole world, and

consequently many of the larval genera hitherto proposed have been dropped

or reduced at the most to subgenera based on larval characters.

In conclusion, appreciation of the help and encouragement of many

colleagues, mentioned from time to time in the text, is sincerely tendered.

H. WOMERSLEY.

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA

(See also page 427.)

A description of the circumstances of collections during World War II

in Assam and North Burma by members of the U.S, Typhus Commission

(Fuller, Traub, Sundermeyer, etc.) is given by Mackie e¢ al. (Trans. R, Soc.

trop. Med. Hyg., 1946, 40, 15), while those in Manipur, South Burma, and

also Malaya and Sarawak, are given by Audy and Harrison (Ibid., 1951, 44,

371).

The collection in Manipur (Imphal) area and in South Burma was made

by the Scrub Typhus Research Laboratory, South East Asia Command, from

March 1945 to Mareh 1946, Squadron Leader C. D. Radford was attached to

this unit for a period and described fifteen new species from the Imphal area

(Proc, Zool, See, Lond,, 1946, 116, 247); he was followed in the laboratory by

three of his pupils, G. W. Ash, W. K. Ford, M.S8e. (Liverpool Museum), and

later T. J. Lawrence (all at the time in the Royal Army Medical Corps).

Lawrence prepared a manuscript account, including some new names and

temporary designations, but he was unable to follow this up after demobiliza-

tion, A summary of hig draft manuscript (without names) formed Appendix

7 of the mimeographed War Office report (1947) referred to in the text (vide

abstract in Trop. Dis. Bull, 1948, 45, 62). 'T, J. Lawrence’s species have

been redescribed and drawn, with the retention of his names and authorship

(viz. 7’. lanceolata, T. macacus, T. fordi, spp. n. Lawrence in Womersley 1952).

Radford’s host-data were based on provisional identifications in the field,

since revised by Roonwal (Trans. nat. Inst. Sci. India, 1949, 3, 67). His

RB. r. rufescens and &. r. nitidus, and the BR. r, nr. brunneusculus of the War

Office report (in the present text referred to as RB. r. brunneusculus) are all

eorrectly to be identified as R. r. bullocki Roonwal 1948 (Proc, nat, Tnst. Sci.

India, 14, 386). Hydromys humei is a misprint for Hadromys humet (vide

8. lacunosa, 8. lewthwattel spp. n.)—Hydromys is an Australian genua of

water rats.

Collections in South Burma ascribed to Lawrence were made by Ash and

Audy. The following host-data of South Burma chiggers should be amended :

Nesokia is a synonym of Bandicata (B. bengalensis). The hosts of 8. (AL)

audyi sp. n. are RB. rattus subsp. (not BR. norvegicus) in Toungoo, and the

Pagoda Rd. locality refers to Rangoon (‘‘R.G.N.’’) This is incidentally now

known to be the commonest chigger in squirrels in the forest in Malaya, and

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA

is the ‘‘species ‘S’ ’’ referred to by Audy and Harrison (1951). The hosts in

Southern Burma of 8. (A.) soakaboemiensis should read Bandicota bengalen-

sis, Hi, rattus nr. khyensis (not HR. rattus norvegicus). The hosts of T. fords

sp. n. should read R. r, bullocki (not R. r. brumneusculus) and the common

Indian shrew Suncus coeruleus (misprinted Scincus).

The following notes and amendments apply to collections from Malaya and

Sarawak (Borneo), which were made by the Colonial Office Scrub Typhus

Research Unit (Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur), (this and the

Imphal Military Laboratory are variously referred to in the text): References

made by Gater, and here reproduced, to Ruttus malaisia Kloss refer in fact

to a subspecies, the tree rat Rattus conus malaisia, (vide T. munda, T. spicea,

4S. malayensis, etc.). The host of 8. (A.) malayensis is Rattus canus and this

mite appears to be one of the few host-specific chiggers—the reference to its

oceurrence on R. sabanus and R, whiteheadi is erroneous. The data for

T. muridia sp. n. should be corrected to read: specimen No. 6,451 on R. 7,246

R. mulleri, 25 July, 1949. Identifications of certain bats haye recently been

confirmed : R.10,299 (host of 7. leveri sp. n. in Malaya) is Emballonura monti-

cola; R.11,018 (host of 7. harrisoni sp. n.) is Hipposideros sp.; R.10,566 (host

of 9. lipexena sp. u.) is also Hipposideros sp. (the number 13,944 refers to the

first chigger specimen-number).

Most collections in Malaya have come from areas within 15 miles of the

capital, Kuala Lumpur, in Selangor State. The island Jarak and the twin

islands Seletar (bat-cave) and Angsa are in the Malacca Straits, respectively

at 3° 59’ N., 100° 6° B., and 3° 12’ N., 101° 12’ E

Collections made by Major 8. Lal Kalra, IMS/LAMG., in ‘heim of the

Field Typhus Research Detachment (formerly with the Imphal team), have

been in the Kumaon Hills (circa 79° 30° N., 79° 30’ EB.) and Kashmir (Simla

Hills, ete., 33° 30’ N—84° 30’ N., 72° 40° E—75° 30° B.).

Page 2, in line 21 for ‘‘G. B. Philip’’ read ‘‘C. B. Philip’’.

Page 3, in first line of paragraph 2 of Introduction for “‘ (146) ’’ read ‘‘ (1428) ”’,

and in Bibliography on page 417, after ‘4142’? insert ‘‘142a Sambon lL. W.

1928. The parasitic acarians of animals and the part. they play in the

causation of the eruptive fevers and other diseases of man, Preliminary

consideration based upon an ecological study of typhus fever’’—Ann.

Trop. Med. and Parasitol., 22, 460.

Page 6, in line 3 for ‘‘Béte range’’ read ‘‘Béte rouge’’.

Page 9, in line 16 for ‘*221”’ reed. “99997,

Page 33, in line 7 transpose ‘‘ue’’ in huekenschrijveri to en?’

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA

Page 46, in bottom line before Trombiculindus insert ‘‘(’’, and after ‘‘1951’’

insert ‘* ) 7

Page 55, in line 3 for ‘‘T, H. Lawrence’’ read ‘‘T. J. Lawrence’’.

Page 81, in line 2 for ‘‘1945”’ read ‘‘1944”’, and in line 8 for ‘‘ (Zephronia sp.)

read ‘‘ (Sphaeropaeus globus-magicus Jeekel 1951) ’’.

Page 109, in the description of Trombicula parmifera sp. n. no reference is

made to the peculiar structure of the seta on coxae III; this is short and

strongly swollen in the basal half and fine distally.

Page 111, in line 19 for ‘‘C. Lundblad’’ read ‘‘O. Lundblad’’.

Page 129, line 25 and elsewhere for ‘‘Kukit Lagond’’ read ‘‘ Bukit Lagong’’.

Page 139, following Standard Data for Trombicula southcotti sp. n. insert

‘Loc. and Host. The type and two paratypes from the leg of a bandicoot,

at Birdum, N.T., Aust., 2 Apr., 1942, (R.V.S.).”’

Page 149, in line 19 for ‘‘scabram’’ read ‘‘scabrum’’.

Page 188, in line 18 for ‘‘Wandecla’’ read ‘‘ Wondecla’’,

Page 205, the host of 8. labuanensis sp. n. should read as ‘‘a rat’’ (not mar-

supial rat—these are not found in Borneo).

Page 281, delete ‘‘ With only 1 humeral seta on each side’’ in line 16, and ‘‘6a’’

in line 17, and insert a fresh line ‘6a. With only 1 humeral seta on each

side’’ between lines 17 and 18.

Page 303, in line 16 for ‘‘bifurcate’’ read ‘‘trifurcate’’,

Page 307, and elsewhere, for ‘‘longipilis’’ read ‘‘longipili’’.

Page 336, delete third line from bottom.

Page 355, in line 8 for ‘‘Oniscomorpha sp.’’ read ‘‘ Sphaeropaeus globus-magicus

Jeekel 1951’’.

Page 379, re S. (A.) indica in line 12 for ‘‘reddish in life’’ read ‘‘whitish in

life’’,

Page 389, for ‘‘fig. Eu I’’ read ‘‘fig. E-I’’.

THE SCRUB-TYPHUS AND SCRUB-ITCH MITES

(TROMBICULIDAE, ACARINA) OF THE

ASIATIC-PACIFIC REGION

PART I (TEXT)

By H. WoOMERSLEY, A.L.S. (HON. CAUSA), F.R.E.S., ENTOMOLOGIST,

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM

Summary

Although the modern taxonomic descriptions of these mites dates only from 1905,

when Oudemans described two species, Thrombidium wichmanni and Th.

vandersandei from New Guinea — both well known causes of “itch” to travellers in

that country — their possible association with disease appears to have been suspected

from much earlier times.

The classification of this family of mites, which 1s very extensively based on the

larval stages, is an extremely difficult problem in taxonomy and, owing to the very

many larval genera which have been proposed by recent workers, as well as to our

very great lack of knowledge of the adult stages of most genera, is still in somewhat

of a chaotic state.

The family Trombiculidae was erected in 1944 by Ewing to include the subfamilies

Hemitrombiculinae Ewing 1944, and Trombiculinae Ewing 1929 (External Parasites

p. 22) for all the then known larval Trombidiidae known to parasitise vertebrates. The

other larval Trombidiidae, although little known in that stage, and as far as then

known parasitic on invertebrates (as in the allied family Erythraeidae) were left in the

Trombidiidae in its restricted sense. The Trombiculidae s.l., however, are now known

not to be entirely confined to vertebrate hosts, and several species of this family,

sensu stricta, and of the Leeuwenhoekiidae occur in numbers on various species of

arthropods,

The subfamily Leeuwenhoekiinae was erected in 1944 by the present writer for the

genus Leeuwenhoekia Ouds. s.]. on the presence in the larvae of a pair of true

spiracles, one on each side between the gnathosoma and the first coxae, and leading

into the tracheae ramifying through the body.

Tue SCRUB-TYPHUS anp SCRUB-ITCH MITES

(TROMBICULIDAE, ACARINA) oF THE

ASIATIC-PACIFIC REGION

By H. WOMERSLIEY, A.L.S. (Hon. causa), ¥.R-u.5., Entomoxocist,

Sourn AustraLian Museum,

INTRODUCTION

AuTHouGH the modern taxonomic descriptions of these mites dates only from

1905, when Oudemans described two species, Thrombidium wichmanm and Th,

vdndersandei from New Guinea—both well known causes of ‘‘itch’’ to travellers

in that country—their possible association with disease appears to have been

suspected from much earlier times.

From the writings of Dr. Louis Sambon (146) it seems that the earliest

known recognition of the sha-shih (sand mite) as the cause of typhus-like infec-

tion in Southern China was the account given in a Chinese work of the 16th

Century, the Pen ‘Te’ao Kang Mu by Li Shih-chen. In this account the mite

was said to be red in colour, not larger than an ant, and to kill man by burrowing

under the skin. It oceurred on land and water. The fever caused is now

regarded as clinically the same as the ‘‘river-fever’’ or ‘‘tsutsugamushi’’ of

Japan,

The earliest published account of the disease itself and its association with

a mite was given in a letter from Dr, T. A. Palm (130) to the Rev. J. Lowe and

published in the Edinburgh Medical Journal in 1873. The disease was called

‘*Shima-mushi’’ or ‘‘island insect’? disease, In 1879 Baelz (16) in a supplemen-

tary note to an earlier article by himself and Hawakami (17) describing Japan-

ese ‘‘flood fever’’ recognized it as ‘‘Shima-mushi’’.

The earliest description of the disease in Japan (from Niigata Prefecture)

was by Hakuyu Hashimoto in 1810, who called it ‘‘tsutsuga’’. According to

Hatori (71) 1919-20, the identity of the disease mite of Japan with the ‘‘sand

mite’’ of South China was, however, recognized a century earlier by Genkei

Ohtomo, and his son, physicians of the Akito district of Japan.

In 1899 Tanaka (155) considered tsutsugamushi to be almost certainly due

to a minute mite, locally called ‘‘kedani’’ or ‘‘hairy mite’’, which was subse-

quently named T'rembidium akamushi by Brumpt in 1910, It occurred plenti-

4 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

fully on voles but would also attack man and other animals. In this paper

Tanaka also indicated that a second species oceurred which he called ‘‘ Yasodani’’

or ‘‘yvole mite’’.

Tn 1906 Miyajima reared the nymphs of the ‘‘kedani’’ and some ten years

later (113) im association with Okumura be was able to rear the adults, From

1916 onwards the study of the Japanese Trombiculid mites was intensively taken

up by other workers, notably Nagayo and his colleagues, Kawamura and Yama-

guchi, Okumura, ete.

Thus in 1916 (120) Nagayo ef al. described the nymphs and adults of the

tsutsugamushi mite, and in general established its life-cycle, Later in 1917

(121) they further extended their studies and as the nymphal and adult stages

differed from those of ali other Trombiculid mites known to them, they suggested

the generic name of Lepitotrombidiwm for akamushi Brumpt 1910. Shortly

afterwards the work of these students was duplicated by Kawamura (94), while

Miyajima and Okumura (115) in a comparison of these mites from Japan, Korea

aud Formosa accepted Tanaka’s view as to the occurrence of two kinds.

Prior to 1916, however, Oudemans had in 1912 (126) published his mono-

graph ‘‘Die bis jetzt bekannten Laryen von Thrombidiidae und Erythraeidae’’

in the Zool, Jahrb., Suppl. 14, in whitch he described, and mostly figured all the

then known species of Trombidiid larvae. Of the Japanese species he had very

little to say beyond a brief reference to Tanaka 1889, Baelz (16), and to Ashburn

and Craig’s account (11) of the disease in the Philippines. The mite itself was

referred to as “Gen, ? sp. ?’’. He suggested that these larvae, like the other

described species which attack man, probably belonged to the genus ‘‘Miere-

thrombidium?’? Haller 1882.

In 1915 (77) Stanley Hirst redeseribed and refigured the Japanese species

and, following Ondemans, ealled it: Microtrombidium akamushi (Brumpt 1910).

In 1919 Nagayo et al., added a third species from Japan, and apparently

realising that the adult of akamushi was very closely related to the genus 7'rom-

biewla Berl. 1904 (type 7. minor Berl. 1904 from Java), they dropped their

name Leptotrombidium in favour of Trombicula. In that paper they applied

the name of 7. gkamushi (Brumpt) to Tanaka's ‘‘kedani, T. pallida to Tanaka’s

‘‘yasodani’’, and 7. palpalis to the new species.

In 1921 Nagayo et al. (123) deseribed two more species from Japan,

T. intermedio and T. scutellaris, Of the above five species they were able to car-

relate adults and larvae of akamushi, pallida and palpalis, both by rearing larvae

through to the adult and by obtaining larvae from captured adult females;

intermedia was only got to the pupal stage (nymphophane) between larva and

nymph, and scutellaris only as far as the nymph.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 5

In 1930 (158) Tanaka described another Japanese species under the name of

T. autumnaligs japonica, relating it to the European autumnalis (Shaw 1790),

He also reared it through to the nymph which he described and of which he gave

a photograph in which the eyes are seen to be placed in front of and eway fom

the sensillary area of the crista, a feature which places the species in the genus

Tragardhula Berl, 1912, and distinguishes it from autumnalis Shaw.

In January 1950 (133) Philip and Fuller pointed ont that a second species,

closely allied had been figured by some Japanese workers (Okumura 1918;

Kawamura 1926) which had been recognized as distinct by some, and confused by

others, but which had remained unnamed, They dedicated the species to Tamiya

as Trombicula tamiyan.

More recently, Sasa 1950, (148, 149, 150) in Tokyo Ishi Shimshi, Pts, 10,

11, and 12, described three more species from Japan, under the names of

T. nagayot, T. mitamurai and T. burnst. The first two species in having a pen-

tagonai scutum and long nude setae on the tarsi and the metatarsi of leg IIL

should probably be placed in Tragardhula. The first is closely related to, but

appears to be distinct from, japonica (Tanaka), while the second is almost iden-

tical with tamiyat Philip and Kohls, only differing in the number of dorsal setae

and the Standard Data. The third species is near to T. (Z.) pallida and 7. (L.)

intermedia,

Thus with a new species of Gahrliepia described in the present paper, eleven

species of Trombiculidae are now known to ocuur in Japan.

In Formosa, although the presence of a typhus-like disease was known as

early as 1908 it was not until 1919 (71) that Hatori related it to the tsntayga-

mushi and considered T. akamushi (Brumpt) to be the vector. In that paper he

also described three other Formosan species, T. pseudoakamushi (non Tanaka),

T. corwi, from crows, and 7. gallinarwm from fowls. The first of these he consi-

dered to be the larva of an adult found in a field at Karenko, which after Miya-

jima he regarded as the same as mediocris Berlese 1912 from Java. In 1921

Kawamura confirmed and extended Hatori’s work and gave further details of the

species including the nymph of gallinarum. According to present day nomenela-

ture, pseudoakamushi Hatori (non Tanaka) is a synonym of T. wichmanne Ouds.

1905, and gallinarum is a species of Neoschéngastia,

Tn other parts of the world these mites have long been known as causing an

annoying ‘‘iteh’’ to homans. The earliest record is that of Neotrombicula batatas

(L.) from Surinam. Linnaeus quotes this species as having been found by

Rolander, and in 1905 Oudemang (126) quotes Mier 1775 as stating that,

according to Rolander, Acarus batatas crawls on the legs of man and causes an

itch, The earliest date given by Sig. Thor and Willmann (1947) is that of Her-

6 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusSEUM

lein 1718 in Beschr. Volk, Plant. Zuriname, p. 179, where it is mentioned under

the vernacular ‘‘Patattes Inis’’. In other places Martinique, ete., it was known

as ‘‘ Béte-range’’,

In North America the common itch mite or ‘‘chigger’’ was first deseribed by

Riley in 1873 as Leptus irritans. As this name, however, had been previously

used for any species the synonymy became confused, until 1941-2 (44) when

Ewing showed that it should be known as Trombicula alfreddugesti Ouds. 1910.

Ondeman’s proposal of rileyi nom. nov for the N, American species is considered

by Ewing to be unnecessary owing to the existence of several synonyms, and he

suggests that if alfreddugesii is invalid, then his name cinnabarinus 1921 based

on the adult would be applicable. In the adult section of the present paper, how-

ever, it is considered that the adults of alfreddugesti and cinnabarinus cannat be

separated, and that Oudeman’s name alfreddugest: should be used.

In Europe, the earliest scientifically recognizable species is Neotrombiculu:

autumnalis (Shaw 1790). This, the ‘‘ Harvest Mite’’ of Britain, is known from

most Huropean countries where it goes under various local names. It becomes

especially numerous at harvest time when it causes considerable annoyance to

workers in the fields.

Tn New Guinea and Malaya ‘‘itch mites’’ were a source of much discomfort

to many of the earlier travellers in those parts, and Oudemans 1905 gives a very

full account of the’ many records left by such explorers,

The earliest of these is that of J. H. de Boudijck Bastiaanse in his ‘‘ Voyages

faits dans les Moloques a la Nonvelle Guinee et a Celebes’’, Paris 1845, where he

says that ever and anon on returning from trips ashore or to the forests he was

plagued by an itch.

Amongst other reeords of similar experiences quoted by Oudemans are those

of C. B, H. von Rosenberg in ‘‘Reistochten naar de Geetvinkbaai op Nieuw

Guinea in de Jaren 1869-1870"’. s’Gravenhage 1872; L. M. D’Albertis in ‘‘New

Guinea: What I did and what I saw’’, London 1880; Alfred Russell Wallace in

“The Malay Archipelago: The land of the Orang-Utan and the bird of Paradise’’

1869 ; and of the two Sarasin’s in ‘‘ Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde zu

Beriin’’, Bd. 29, 1894.

In the descriptive part of his paper Oudemans figures and describes in detail

the two species Trombicula wichmannt, and Schéngastiz vandersandei.

In New Guinea, while a form of endemic typhus was known from the Man-

dated Territory, no cases had been reported from either Papua or Dutch New

Guinea until the second World War. Dr, Carl Gunther (Med. J. Aust. 1940)

first showed that there was sufficient evidence to indicate that the probable vector

In New Guinea was a species of mite, Trombicula minor (non Berlese) (= hirstt

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 7

Sambon 1927). Further work on this mite and on the Trombiculidae of New

Guinea in general by Gunther laid the foundation of our pesent knowledge of

the mites of this island. He described a number of new species and published

much on their ecological relationship.

In Sumatra a kedani (tsutsugmushi)-like fever was reported hy Dowden

in 1915, and in 1921 E. W, Walch commenced an investigation of the disease at.

Deli, paying particular attention to the mites which could be associated with it.

Hig results were published in several papers in 1923, 1924 and 1927, in which,

besides deseribing a number of new species of Trombiculidae, he showed that

Trombicula deliensis Walch was a probable vector in the transmission of the

infection from rats to man. Further he was able to rear the larvae of this and

other species to the nymphs, which he fully described and figured. Harlier,

however (1915) Schuffner had already recorded an undetermined species of mite:

as attacking man, j

The first association of mites with typhus-like infections in Malaya is that

of Fletcher, Lesslar and Lewthwaite in 1928. They recorded an outbreak of the

disease in 1926, on an oil-palm estate near Kuala Lumpur, when one case was

attributed to an “‘insect bite’’, In their 1928 paper they listed four species,

namely 7, pseudoakamushi Walch (<= T, hirsti Sambon), 7. deliensis Walch,

(—Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) indica Hirst), and T. (= Schéngastia)

schuffneri. Walch, all of which had been described from Sumatra by Walch.

Following on this paper, B, A. Gater 1941-2 made a very extensive survey

of the Trombiculidse in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding oil and rubber

estates, but confined it to those species found parasitic on rats. He listed three

species 7, akamushi, T. deliensis and T. hirsti Sambon as found on labourers

and, from another district, 7. acuscutellaris Walch. He followed Oudeman’s

classification, and in all recorded eight species of Trombicula (three new), two

of Schdéngastia (one new), five of Neoschéngastia (— Ascoschéngastia) (four

new), six of Gahrliepia (including Gateria, all new), and three new species of

Walchia (== Gahrliepia),

In India the mites associated with typhus-like infections were first studied

by Mehta (103) in 1937, although several odd species had been described earlier

by Oudemans 1914 (127) and by Hirst in 1915 (78). He recorded both T. deli-

ensis and T. acuscutellaris as attacking both rats and man, and regarded deliensis

as the vector.

In Australia the association of mites with the coastal and other teutsuga-

tmushi-like fevers was suggested by Oijlento 1923 (31), Hirst 1929 (81) and

Matthew 1938, while the studies of Heaslip 1938-9 (74, 75) indicated that Trom-

hicula delkiensis wag most probably the chief vector in Northern Queensland.

8 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The first species known from this country was 7. hirsti Sambon 1927 (146)

from Queensland. Later in 1929, Hirst recorded this species as oceurring in

South Australia, but later Womersley 1939 (191) showed that the South Austra-

lian species was not co-specifie with Sambon’s species, but was a new species,

T. sambom. Hirst also described in 1929 T. novae-hollandiae, Schoéngastia anti-

podianum, S. coorongense, and §. dasycerci, all from S. Australia. In 1934,

Womersley (188) added S, westraliense from Western Australia and 9. petrogale

from the Musgrave Ranges, 8, Australia.

Tn 1936, (189) an adult Trombiculid, 7. (Guntherana) tindale: was des-

cribed by Womersley from Kangaroo Is., 8. Australia, and a larval species

T. macropus from the Northern Territory.

In 1939, Womersley (191) reviewed and keyed the Australian and New

Guineas species, and in addition deseribed the Z. samboni from 8. Australia,

recorded Guntheria kalkpygos Gunther 1939 (= Guntherana bipygalis Gunther

1939), and described Neoschéngastia (— Ascoschéngastia trichosuri) N. (—A,)

perameles, N. (= A,) queenslandica, N. (A.) derricki, N. (A.) smittht from

Queensland, He also erected the genus Paraschongastia (— Neoschongastia

Bwing) for four of Gunther’s New Guinea species.

In 1942, (192), an adult, Trombicula (Ipotrombicula) elegans Wom. was

described from Lush Is., South Australia,

In 1943 (195) a comprehensive survey of the Trombiculida (including

Leeuwenhoekia) of the Austro-Malayan and Oriental Regions was made, jointly

with W. G. Heaslip, In this work a total of 91 species (excl. Leeuwenhoehkia)

with four varieties were listed, described and figured.

Trombicula translucens n. sp. (adult.), T. scincoides, T. obscura (= aka-

mushi), T. kohist, 7. sarcina, Schongastia pusilla (— pseudo-schuffnert Walch. )

Neoschingastia (Ascoschéng.) mccullochi and Guntherana porana (= bipyyalis)

n. sp. were described from Australia or New Guinea in 1944 by Womergley

(193).

Tn 1947, Womersley and Kehls (196) added Futrombicula gumnodacityli

n. sp. Novotrombicula owiensis n, g, et. sp. from Dutch N. Guinea, Schéngastid

philipi n. sp., Oenoschéngasiia cana n.g. et. sp., Ascoschéngastia uromys n. sp.

and Ascoschéng, echymipera nu. sp. from New Guinea,

From Burma and Manipur, India, a number of species have been deseribed

during the war by Radford, 1946 (136, 187) and also by Traub and his colleagues

and by Philip and Fuller (133).

Owing to the many successful rearings of larval species to nymphs during

the past decade, especially by officers of the British Serub Typhus Research Unit

in Malaya, it is now possible to clarify the generic classification of these mites,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 9

and to base it on the adult or nymphal stages. With this aim in view, the adults

and/or nymphs known from the whole world have been considered. Such a

revision shows that many of the larval genera which have been proposed cannot

be separated in the nymphal or adult stages, should not be used except perhaps

for convenience, as subgenera based on larval features only. It would appear

that in this family of mites, we have a very striking example of extreme ‘‘larval

incongruence’’.

As an adjunct to the differentiation of larval species considerable use has

been made of the Standard Data (linear micrometric measurements) of the

dorsal scutum, as first applied by Womersley and Heaslip 1943 (195). Where

sufficient specimens of a species, or a population of a species, were available, the

Standard Data have been treated statistically, and a theoretical range of the

variation to be expected for each measurement, as expressed by M + 3c, deter-

mined. In the condensed data given under each species in the keys, this value

is used.

In the present study 221 larval species and 53 adult or nymphal forms are

listed, of the latter of which 46 have been correlated with the larvae. From the

rest of the world 26 species are dealt with, of which only in 10 have the adults

and/or nymphs been correlated with the larvae. Seventy-seven new species are

described, mainly from the larvae.

That this list, however, is nowhere near the complete fauna of the area is

obvious, and from the rapid increase in our knowledge of these mites during the

past 10 years, the mite fauna, when more inaccessible parts are explored, will

undoubtedly be much increased, possibly to double the present number of species,

ft is hoped, however, that the present study will serve as a basis for further and

even more intensive work on these mites,

CLASSIFICATION AND SYSTEMATICS,

The classification of this family of mites, which is very extensively based

on the larval stages, is an extremely diffieult problem in taxonomy and, owing

to the very many larval genera which have been proposed by recent workers, as

well as to our very great lack of knowledge of the adult stages of most genera,

is still in somewhat of a chaotic state,

The family Trombiculidae was erected in 1944 by Ewing to include the

subfamilies Hemitrombicnlinae Ewing 1944, and Trombiculinae Ewing 1929

(External Parasites, p, 22) for all the then known larval Trombidiidae known

to parasitise vertebrates, The other larval Trombidiidae, although little known

in that stage, and as far as then known parasitic on invertebrates (as in the

allied family Erythracidae) were left in the Trombidiidae in its restricted

sense. The T'rombiculidae sl, however, are now known not to be entirely

eonfined to vertebrate hosts, and several species of this family, sensu stricta,

and of the Leeuwenhoekiidae oecur in numbers on various species of arthro-

pods.

The subfamily Leeuwenhoekiinge was erected in 1944 by the present writer

for the genus Leeuwenhoekia Ouds. s.1, on the presence in the larvae of a pair

of true spiracles, one on each side between the gnathosoma and the first coxae,

and leading into the tracheae ramifying through the body.

Later Womersley (1945, Tr. Roy. Soe. S, Aust., 69, (1), 96), raised the

Leeuwenhoekiinae to family rank, when it was shown that the adults of

Leeuwenhoekia (Acomatacarus) differed markedly in shape and details of the

epistome from those of the Trombiculidae. Ewing 1946 (J. Parasitology, 32,

(5), 485) apparently failing to appreciate the fundamental nature of the pre-

sence of true stigmata and tracheae in the larvae, and the differences in the

adults of the Leeuwenhoekiidae, did not accept this family separation, but

divided the Trombiculidae into the four subfamilies; Trombiculinae, Leeuwen-

hoekiinae, Hemitrombiculinae and Walchiinae.

In 1947 Wharton (J. Parasitology, 33, (4), 380) gave a detailed diagnosis

of the Trombiculidae, based on larval characters, after Ewing. In this paper

he remoyed, quite correctly, the aberrant Hemitrombiculinae, retained the

Leeuwenhoekiinae, and added another subfamily, the Apoloniinae, to include the

genera Apolonia Torres and Braga 1939 and Womersia Wharton 1947, both of

which are closely related to Leewwenhoekia and its allies, in possessing true

stigmata and tracheae.

12 REcORDs OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

In his key to the subfamilies, Wharton stressed the segmentation of the

legs as the primary character, the Leeuwenhoekiinae having all three pairs of

legs 6-segmented, ie. the femur is undivided; the Trombiculinae and Apolonii-

nae having the femur of all legs subdivided into basi- and telofemur, and all legs

therefore 7-segmented; and the Walchiinae with ouly the first pair of legs T-seg-

mented.

Apart from the fact that the division of the femur into basi- and telo

femur, is not a true articulation, the character as a subfamily one is not import-

ant, and if strictly applied, as has been done recently by R. F. Lawrence (Ann.

Natal Mus., XI, (3), 1949) leads to some strange relationships. Lawrence’s

new genus Sauracerella, is, in my view, because of the distinct, anterior projec-

tion of the dorsal scutum and the paired AM scutal setae, better placed in the

Leeuwenhoekiinae, despite the clavate or globose sensillae, and the 7-segmented

legs. As hag been shown elsewhere, the anterior scutal process and the paired

AM setae are correlated with characters of the epistome in the adult. The

oceurrence of clavate sensillae in the Leeuwenhoekiidae, can just as. well be

expected to oceur in this family also, as it does in the Trombiculidae. The

absence of stigmata and tracheae is possibly also open to question. ‘This

feature, with the stigmata so little chitimized, is so very difficult to see at

times, even in freshly mounted specimens, that one must be very careful before

asserting their absence,

Other species, difficult to assign on the leg segmentation, are Schdngastia

(Ascoschingastia) oudemansi Walch, 8. (A.) heaslipi Wom. and Heasp. and

8. (A.) trawbi sp. n. In these species, contrary to the rest of the Trombicu-

linae, the first pair of legs only are 7-segmented, the others 6-segmented. They

would, therefore, have to he placed im the Walchiinae (Gahrliepiinae), a group

from which they completely differ in the seutum and scutal setae,

The genus Heaslipia Ewing 1944 (= Trombiculoides Womersley and Heas-

lip 1948) is erroneously referred by R. F. Lawrence 1949, to the Leeuwenhoe-

kiinae, on the supposed 6-segmented legs. Unfortunately, however, the sub-

division of the femora is not shown in the original drawing from which Law-

rence drew his conclusion, I have reexamined the specimens in the South

Australian Museum, and the legs can now be definitely stated to be all 7-seg-

mented,

There has been a tendency to regard trivial characters as of generic import-

alice, and some of these have been discussed by Lawrence (1949).

The first that need be mentioned is the subdivision of the palpal claw.

Ewing has used the bi- or trifurcation of this as generic. As will be seen from

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 13

the following descriptions and keys, this feature is not even subgeneric, and

both bi- and trifurcate claws occur in different species of the same genus,

Ewing also, has raised genera on the number of dorsal setae, particularly

in separating the genus Acariscus from Hutrombicula. This has been corrected

by Michener and others. Similarly, the dentition of the chelicerae, cannot be

used as has been done by Lawrence 1949, as more than subgeneric, and even

then must be used with considerable discretion and a certain amount of latitude.

However, until more is known of the adults, some larval genera must still

be diagnosed on characters, which may ultimately be shown to be of no more

than specific value.

The Leeuwenhoekiidae and the Trombiculidge can be separated on the fol-

lowing larval and adult or nymphal characters:

1. Larvae with a dorsal scutum with generally 2 AM (rarely 1 or none) and

an anterior median scutal process (sometimes absent), generally with

tracheae and true stigmata (7? sometimes absent).

Adults and nymphs cordate, widest across propodosoma, without medial

constriction. Crista anteriorly expanded into a rounded or pointed arrow-

head like nasus furnished with two ciliated setae. Eyes present or absent;

if present, then 2-+ 2, situated in front of and away from sensillary area

of crista. Family Lrevwennorgupar Womersley 1945.

2. Larvae with only 1 AM seta, or none, on scutiim and no antero-median

seutal process. Stigmata and tracheae absent (? rarely present).

Adults and nymphs figure-eight shaped, with a distinct medial constriction,

and propodosoma not wider than hysterosoma. Crista anteriorly ending

in a hyaline dentate epistome furnished with a single ciliated seta. Byes

1+ 1 ,or absent; when present either closely adjacent to sensillary area,

or away from and in front of this area,

Family Tromprcunmar Ewing 1944 (restricted Womersley 1945).

Family TROMBICULIDAE Ewing 1944.

Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 1944, 57, 101-104; J. Parasitology, 1946, 32, (5),

435-440,

A fresh diagnosis of this family as defined above, based on both larvae and

adults or nymphs is as follows:

Larvae. Text fig. 1, A-D. Minute, oval to round, six-legged acarids, fur-

nished with only a single antero-dorsal scutum. The scutum of varied shape,

furnished with a pair of filamentous, or globose, or clavate, or lanceolate sen-

sillae, and normally 5 setae (1 antero-median, 2 antero-lateral and 2 postero-

14 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

lateral) (in the Gahrliepiinae the antero-median seta is absent) ; frequently in

the Gahrliepiinae (rarely in the Trombieulinae) the seutum is prolonged pos-

teriorly to include some of the setae from the dorsum; or there may be addi-

tional setae between the antero- and postero-lateral setae. Eyes usually 2, some-

times only 1 or none on each side, more or less close to the lateral scutal margins.

Chelicerae two-segmented, basal segment stout, apically a chitinized curved

blade frequently serrated or with strong teeth on the inner (dorsal) edge. Palpi

5-segmented, basal segments each bearing a single, always branched, seta and

fused in the median line, and with a median laminate projection extending be-

Fig, 1, Details of Larval Characters: A. right ventral and left dorsal halves showing

setal arrangement; B. left palp in ventral view; C. mandible and galeal seta; D. dorsal

scutum showing method of obtaining Standard Data.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACiFIC ScRUB T¥PHUS MITES 15

yond basal segments of chelicerae, and with a pair of galeae which curye dorsally

over the chelicerae each with a nude or branched seta; the palpal fermnr is stout,

outwardly curved or somewhat angular, and carries dorsally a single nude or

branched or ciliated seta; the palpal genu carries a single dorsal similar seta = the

palpal tibia is always furnished with 8 setae, one dorsal, one lateral and one

ventral, which may be nude or branched; the tibia terminates in a strong claw

which may be simple or variously furcate; the tarsus opposes the tibial claw

and usually bears 6 to 8 ciliated setae, a subapical nude seta and a sub-basal

striated rod-like sensilla. No true stigmata and tracheae are present (except in

one species of Neoschiéngastia). Between coxae I and II is always present a

so-called pseudostigmata or ‘‘urstigma.’’ Behind the dorsal scutum the dorsal

setae are arranged in more or less well defined curved transverse rows; the

first row consists of 1 or more humeral setae on each side placed laterad or

postero-laterad of the scutum. Generally the legs are 7-segmented due to a

secondary division of the femur into basi- and telofemur; occasionally the front.

legs only have a subdivided femur, the second and third legs being 6-see-

mented. The tarsi ends in a pair of curved claws, with a median longer and

more slender claw-like empodium. In one unique genus the empodinm is

caruncle-like or pad-like, as in the Parasitidae. Each coxa normally carries a

single ciliated seta but frequently some coxae may be multisetose. Tarsi I and

II have a dorsal sensory rod, and tarsi ITI and/or metatarsi ITI may be fur-

nished with 1 or more long nude outstanding setae.* On the venter between

coxae I and between coxae II] is 2 pair of ciliated setae, and behind coxae IIL

the setae are arranged in more or less transverse rows, The anal opening is

placed subposteriorly on the yenter.

In 1943 Womersley and Heaslip devised a system of linear measurements

of the dorsal sentum, and scutal setae, as an adjunct to the normal morpholo-

gical characters used in the specific identification of Trombiculid larvae. In a

more general way, however, somewhat similar scutal measurements had been

*In 1951, Wharton et al. (J. Parasitol, 37, (1), 13-31) published an excellent paper on

the terminology and classification of the Trombieulid Mites stressing the ueed for a more

exact terminology of the morphological characters of beth larvas and adults. While from the

viewpoint of comparative morphology their terminology has much to be said for it, from the

sepect ot the practical taxonomist, mauy features especially the various small nude sensory

setae of the legs, are of little importance and do not appear to offer any practical help in

the identification and separation of species. The use of the term **spur’? for a short striated

blunt seta. found on the tarsi of legs I and II ia morphologically incorrect. In no sense is it

a ‘*spur’’ and the usual description of it ay a ‘fsensory rod’! ia more destriptive. For the

tong nude setae found on the femora, tibia and tarans of the third pair of legs, they use the

terms. ‘‘mastifemoralse, mastitibialae and mastitarsalae.”? Taxonomically these setae are

important, but the above terminology has not been adopted in the present work, as being

somewhat unnecessary. -

16 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUN

used earlier by Methlag] 1927. ‘‘Ueber di Trombidiose in den Oesterreichischen

Alpenlandern’’, Denksch. Akad. Wissen, Wien., 101, 213-250. Methlagl used

the ratio of breadth to length of scutum and particularly the ratio of breadth

of gcutum to the depth between a line at the maximum width and the extreme

posterior angle, which he called the ‘‘Convexity Factor.’’

The system of Womersley and Heaslip used a number of scutal measure-

ments, termed the ‘‘Standard Data’’ as follows:

AW, width between the centres of the antero-lateral scutal setae.

PW. width between the centres of the postero-lateral scutal setae.

SB. distance between the centres of the sensillae bases.

ASB. distance from a line joining sensillae bases to extreme point of

anterior margin,

PSB. distance from a line joining sensillae bases to extreme point of

posterior margin.

SD. Sum of ASB and PSB, ic. sental depth.

A-P. distance between antero-lateral and postero-lateral setae in a direct

and more or less oblique line, not vertical.

AM. length of antero-median seta.

Aly. length of antero-lateral setae.

PL, length of postero-lateral setae. _

Sens. Length of sensillae.

The method of making the measurements is clearly shown in text fig. 1, D.

The use of the Standard Data in addition to morphological features should

be part of the routine description of larval species of Trombiculid mites, for,

in the case of closely similar species it may indicate significant separation on

one or more of the Standard Data criteria. Wherever possible, the Standard

Data should be based on a number of specimens from the same population, and

thus an estimate of the extreme range of variation in a species can be obtained.

In some populations, otherwise morphologically the same but from different Joca-

lities, significant differences in Standard Data values would indicate geographi-

eal races, differing only in the overall dimensions of the seutum, or differences

in length of scutal setae, SB, etc.

With these ideas in mind, where sufficient numbers are available, the

Standard Data for each species dealt with in the present paper, have been

treated and expressed statistically. In the keys to species, however, the Stan-

dard Data are simplified, and the value for each character is expressed as

“‘Mean + 3 % Standard Deviation,’’ ie. the theoretical range of variation that

might be expected in any one population.

In 1944 (Trans. Roy. Soe. S. Aust., 68, (1), 82-112) and later papers,

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 17

Womersley has treated and quoted the Standard Data statistically ; and further,

where different populations of certain species, eg. T. (L.) deliensis, ete.

appeared to occur, given graphs which showed clearly how the populations or

species might be separated. This method is also used in the present studies,

where material is sufficient and suitable,

Fig. 2. Details of Adult Characters: A, Trombicula samboni. Wom., entire dorsal view;

B. diagrammatic view without legs, showing pre-coxal plates of a Leptotrombidium; C, side

view of a Trombicula; D. palp; E. erista, showing eyes, and epistome of a Lrombicua; F.

chelicera; G. coxae I and TI showing precoxal plates of 2 Guntherana; H, taraus and meta-

targus of leg III of a Trombicula, showing method of measuring; I, tarsi of ler of a

Gahrliepia showing process.

18 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

In addition, another graphic method of separating closely allied species,

eg. &, (A.) indica Hirst and 8. (A.} soekaboemiensis Takekawa is indicated

in Graph 1] showing the Regression Lines of AW.PW, for populations of both

species. The triangles and circles indicate the frequency of specimens with

AW.PW, at the points therein. The elipses are drawn at the range/o using

Tippet’s Table (Biometrika, 17, 386, 1925), while the dotted diagonals are the

axes of AW and of PW.

Adults (and Nymphs). Text fig. 2, A-L Larger, eight-legged animals of

pale to red colour and furnished with a thick pilosity of setae. Form rather

squat, with the body divided medially by a constriction giving 4 characteristic

figure of 8 shape. The cephalothorax is rather narrower than the anterior

part of the body and triangular in shape; it catries a median longitudinal rod-

like crista which is expanded posteriorly or subposteriorly into a wide sensillary

area carrying a pair of filamentous or narrowly clavate sensillae. Amteriorly the

erista. ends in a hyaline rounded or transverse, dentate epistome carrying &

single ciliated seta. The eyes when present, are 1 on each side, sessile, and

either closely adjacent to the sensillary area, or in front of and away from. it.

‘The chelicerae are two segmented, the apical being a strongly chitinized curved

blade with finely serrate inner (dorsal) margin. The palpi are 5-segmented,

with the basal segments fused medially; the femur is the longest and stoutest;

fhe tibia ends in a strong simple claw at the base of which are 3 to 4 strong

spines (2 in nymphs), and there is another, somewhat more tapering about the

middle of the outer surface; sometimes the palpa! tibia has a pair of pectines

or combs; the palpal tarsus is conical, opposed to the tibial claw, and apically

hears 5 or 6 short nude setae. The respiratory system is hy meats of tracheae

opening at the base of the mandibles.

Ventrally the coxae are arranged in two groups, widely separated; an

anterior group composed of coxae I and II and a posterior group of coxae IIT

and IV. Between the coxae of the anterior group is a generally more or less

pentagonal sternum formed by the complete fusion of the precoxae of coxae I;

in some cases the precoxae of coxae I are clearly defined and do not quite

conjoin to form a sternum, in others they are only partially fused to give 8

longitudinally divided sternum; no precoxae occur on legs II, IT or IV, The

legs are 7-segmented with I generally longer and stronger than the others; the

tarsi end in a pair of curved claws, those of leg 1 being much sherter than

the rest. The legs and palpi are thickly clothed with setae usually more taper-

ing than the body setae. The genital opening lies just behind or between coxae

TV and in both sexes has 3 pairs (2 in nymphs) of genital discs; in the male

often the inner genital lips are flanked by one or more pairs of specialized

(titillating) setae. The anus is posterior of the genital opening.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 19

LARVAE.

Because of their importance as veetors of scrub-typhus and tsutsugamushi

fever, our knowledge of the larval species of the Trombiculidae during

recent years has increased tremendously. Qn the other hand, relatively little

is known of the respective adults and only in # small proportion of species have

the two stages been correlated. Consequently it is still advisable, as will be

done in this work, to deal separately with the known larvae and adults (or

nymphs).

Eey to the Larval Subfamilies and Genes

of the TROMBICULIDAE,

1. With AM secutal seta present. Femora of all legs mostly clearly

divided into basi- and telofemur = ~ ‘ 4 ns 2

Subfam. Trombiculinae Ewing 1946,

Without an AM seutal seta. Femora of leg I subdivided, of II and

TII not so. Sensillae clavate. (Tarsi I of adults and nymphs with a

subapical dorsal process. No sternum or precoxal plates. Hyes

absent), . ey us of ie wa os

Subfam. Gahrliepiinae nom. nov, for Walchiinae Ewing 1946.

Gen, Gahriiepia Ouds, 1912.

including

Watlchia Ewing 1931

Schongastiella Hirst 1915

Gateria Ewing 1938

Sensillae filamentous, more or less with distinct ciliations .,. a 3

Sensillae globose, clavate or lanceolate, nude or setulose oy .. 1

Dorsal scutum pentagonal. Palpsl claw trifurcate or bitureate.

Tarsi and/or metatarsi of leg III frequently with 1 or more long,

nude, outstanding setae. (Adults with 1-+1 eyes, placed in front of

sensillary area and away from crista),

Gen. Tragardhula Berl. 1912

= Blankaartia Berl, 1912 (non Ouds, 1911),

= Pentagonella Sig Thor 1936

= Megatrombicula Michener 1946

Dorsal seutum not clearly pentagonal .. oe 2% a = 4 4

. Mandibles and palpi short and stout, apparently modified for grasp-

ing hair. On hats, Gen, Myotrombiewd« Womersley and. Heaslip 1943.

Mandibles and palpi not so formed .. - eo _ “ 5

With more than the 5 normal setae, in addition to the sensillae, on

the scutum. * Scutum not rectangular, usually longer than wide .. 12

With only the 5 normal seutal setae (1 AM, 2 AL and 2 PL) in addi-

tion to sensillae (PL may occasionally be off the scutum). Seutum

usually more or less rectangular, wider than long .. a te 6

12.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

. Palpal claw simple, Chelicerae unarmed except for the apical tricus-

pid cap. Gen. Crotiscus Hwing 1944.

Palpal elaw fureate ws Fa ax o's i os hae 7

. Chelicerae with a row of 3 large dorsal (inner) teeth. Sentum ves-

tigial. AM seta spiniform. Sensillae short and simple with bases

close together and slightly anterior of line of PL. Palpal claw trifur-

eate. Gen. Endotrombicula Ewing 1931.

Chelicerae without teeth, only with an apical tricuspid cap .. vs 8

Palpal claws tri- or quadrifurcate. Scutum small with PL setae well

off the seutum. All palpal setae branched. Galeal setae nude.

Gen. Tecomatlana Hoffmann 1947.

= Sauriscus Lawrence 1949.

= Trisetica Traub and Evans, 1950.

Palpal claws bi- or trifureate. Sentum not as above ae y= 9

Gen. Trombicula Berl. 1905,

. AL or AM and AL sental setae short, stout and peg-like. Palpal

claw bi- or trifurcate, Subgen. Ponsecia Radford 1946.

The above seutal setae normal .. ne te Bi ot ve 28

Palpal claws bifurcate. Galeal setae nude or branched. Tarsi III

usually with 1 long nude seta. (Adults with eyes 1+-1, closely adja-

cent to sensillary area).

Subgen. Trombicula Berl. 1905, 8. str.

= Eutrombicula Ewing 1938

= Acariseus Ewing 1943.

Palpal claws trifureate. (Adults without eyes) a ty “as “I

Setae on palpal femur and genu nude; on tibia dorsal seta branched,

lateral and ventral nude (except ventral in palpalis, ete.). No long

nude seta on tarsi or metatarsi of leg III. Galeal setae branched

(nude in myzantha), (Adults with precoxae on legs I, forming a

longitudinally divided sternum),

Subgen. Leptotrombidiwne Nagayo et al., 1916.

Without the aboye combination of characters. Usually without any

long nude seta on tarsi or metatarsi JJ. Galeal setae nude or

branched, Subgen. Neotrombicula Hirst 1925.

Dorsal seutum produced posteriorly, tongue-like so as to take in some

of the median setae of some of the dorsal rows. Palpal claw bifur-

cate. Chelicerae without a prominent dorsal (inner) tooth.

Gen. Novotrambicula Wom. and Kohls 1947.

Dorsal seutum not produced posteriorly, but with posterior and lat-

eral margins forming a continuous even curve; with 2 extra setae on

each side between AL and PL. Palpal claw trifureate. Chelicerae

with a large prominent dorsal (inner) tooth.

Gen. Heasligma Ewing 1944.

for Trombiculvides Wom, and Heasp. 1943 preoc.

14.

15,

16.

17.

18.

19.

21.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFfic ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 21

. Empodium expanded into a pad-like pulvillus. Sensillae globose.

Gen. Mackiena Traub and Evans 1950.

Empodium normal, claw-like and slender wes en ~ . 4

All coxae multisetose. Seutum roughly triangular with apex anterior,

Sensillae clavate and setulose. Palpal claw trifurcate.

Gen. Doloisia Ouds, 1910.

Coxae I and IT always unisetose, III sometimes multisetose. Seutum

trapezoidal, pentagonal or hexagonal .. os i an + "25

Empodium distally thickened, lancet or blade-like. Eyes absent.

Seutum roughly pentagonal with posterior angle. All coxae unisetose.

Sensillae globose. Geu. Reidlinia Ouds. 1944.

Empodium not as above he i. Al ole abe “ .. 16

Chelicerae short and stout, curved and stumpy with apex divided into

two terminal teeth and two smaller subapical teeth. Palpal claw short

and stout, trifurcate. Sensillae globose,

Gen. Oenoschéngastia Wom. and Heasp. 19465.

Chelicerae not so as above, more elongate and slender A ~

Palpal claw simple. Chelicerae unusually long and straight and

slender, finely serrate dorsally. Sensillae capitate,

Gen, Badtoramnt nov:

Palpal daw fureate ne ; 18

Body constricted medially. Dareally with a rounded caudal slate,

generally longitudinally divided and bearing 3 pairs of fine setae.

Palpal claw bifureate. Sensillae globose, apparently nude, (Adults

with sensillary area wider than crista is long. Precoxal plates of leg I

distinct and not conjoined to form a sternum, Eyes absent),

Gen. Guntherana Wom. and Heasp. 1943.

Body not constricted medially. No caudal plate An ale . 49

Cuticle of dorsum overlapping posterior half of scutum with semi-

circular striations thereon. Sensillae globose or clavate, their bases

inserted in a transverse wall or crest. Coxae IIT sometimes multi-

setose, (Adults with sensillary area kidney-shaped, with striations.

Precoxal plates absent. Sensillae lightly clavate or whip-like, Eyes

absent.) Gen. Neoschéngastia Ewing 1929

= Paraschingastia Wom. 1939.

Cuticle of dorsum not so overlapping scutum, or if so with only trans-

verse striations. Sensillae globose or clavate, their bases not in a

erest. Chelicerae simple or with teeth .. .. 280

Gen, Schingastia Ouds. 1910

Chelicerae non-serrate, with only the apical tricuspid cap +3 + 2

Chelicerae with tooth-like serrations re ee : a + 22

Palpal claw with 5-7 apieal prongs. Sensillae slits or capitate.

Subgen. Huschdngastia Ewing 1988.

Palpal claw bi- or trifurcate. (Adults or nymphs with triangular

sensillary area. Eyes and precoxal plates absent, or completely fused

to form a sternum.) Subgen, Ascoschingastia Ewing 1945.

22 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

22, Chelicerae finely serrated for almost the whole length on dorsal mar-

gin, Tarsi I with one short sensory rod. Palpal claw bi- or tri-

fureate, (Adults and nymphs as in Ascoschéngastia),

Subgen. Schéngastia Ouds. 1910 s. str-

Chelicerae with only two, more prominent, subapical dorsal teeth.

Tarsi I with 4 sensory rods. Palpal claw trifurcate,

Subgen. Phrynacarus Lawrence 1949.

23. Dorsal scutum pentagonal, not produced posteriorly to include some

of the dorsal setae.

Subgen, Gahrhepia Ouds. 1912.

== Walehia Ewing 1931.

Dorsal seutum produced posteriorly, tongne-like and gensraly wine

in some of the dorsal’ setae. as wet i. ‘

24. With only 2 or no additional setae on scutum.

Subgen. Schdngastiella Hirst 1915.

With more than 2 additional setae on scutium .- ~ “i ~» 25

25. All additional setae on seutum marginal,

Subgen, Gahrliema Ouds. 1912.

Some of the additional scutal setae not marginal.

Subgen. Gateria Ewing 1938.

Genus TRAGARDHULA Berlese 1912.

Tragardhula Berl. 1912, Redia, 8, (1), 4

Blankaartia Berl. 1912, Redia, 8, (1), 96 (non. Oudemans 1911. Ent. Ber,, 3,

(57), 123).

Pentagonella §. Thor. 19386. Zool. Anz., 114, 30.

Megatrombicula Michener 1946. Ann. Entom, Soe. Amer., 39, 432.

Diagnosis as defined in the key to subfamilies and genera of Trombiculidae.

Key to the Larvae from the Asiatic-Pacific Region.

j. Tarsi III and/or metatarsi with some long nude, outstanding setae . - 2

No such setae on tarsi or metatarsi III .. of mts aa ane 5

2. Only 1 long nude shakes seta on tarsi III, none on meta-

tarsi IIT rs . oi” F: ot as 3

Three long nude setae on tarsi IIT, one tata on 1 inetatarel il se 4

3. PW only a little longer than AW. Dorsal and lateral setae of palpal

tibia nude. Galeal setae mnde. Dorsal setae 26, arranged

2.6.6.6.4.2, to 72u long.

AW 77-4+7°8, PW 80‘1+7:4, SB 30-8+3:6, ASB 30-0+3°7,

PSB 48:34: 3, SD 72-3+6:1, A-P 25-9+3°5, AM 52-7+6-1,

AL 40-25+4°7, Pl: 77-1-48-0, Sens. 84:0.

Trag, acuscutellaris (Walch 1922).

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 23

PW much longer than AW. Setae on palpal femur and genu

branched; on tibia dorsal with 1 short branch; lateral nude, ventral

branched. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae 34, arranged 4.6,6.6.6.4.2,

ie. 2 humeral setae on each side.

AW 83-8-+10-38, PW 100:5+22-3, SB 33-0+5-7, ASB 35°54

3-7, PSB 31-0+4°6, SD 66°5+7-7, A-P 32-5+3-7, AM 62°0,+

7°83, AL 58+8+10-2, PL 73-2+6-4, Sens. 88-0.

Trag. japonica (Tanaka 1930).

. All setae on palpal tibia branched. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae

42, arranged 2.8.8.10.8.6.

AW 64:5+5-9, PW 82-23+8-2, SB 27-2524-4, ASB 28-254

4:4, PSB 32°6+5-0, SD 60-9+7-3, A-P 21-5544-2, AM 44-45

+6°5, AL 48-047-4, PL 62-45+7-9, Sens. 76-0-+-15°0.

Trag. tamiyai (Philip and Fuller, 1950).

Only ventral seta of palpal tibia branched, Galeal setae nude. Dor-

sal setae 42, arranged 2.8.8.8(10).10(8).6.4,

AW 60-2, PW 81:2, SB 26°6, ASB 30:8, PSB 30-8, SD 61-6,

A-P 25-2, AM 42-0, ALi 36-4, PL 46-2, Sens. 80-0.

Trag. fujigmo (Philip and Fuller 1950).

. Femora of all legs distinctly undivided, ie. all legs 6-segmented.

Galeal setae stout and thickly, shortly, ciliated or pectinate. Setae on

palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia, ventral branched, dorsal

and lateral nude. Palpal claw bifurcate. Dorsal setae 30 in number,

arranged 2.8.6.6.6.2, to 30% long.

AW 36-4, PW 53-2, SB 12-6, ASB 19-6, PSB 14-0, SD 33-6,

A-P 16-8, AM 14-0, AL 25-2, PL 30-2, Sens. 42-0.

Trag. geckobia sp. n,

All legs distinctly 7-segmented, i.e. femora divided into basi- and telo-

femur. Galeal setae nude .. ole 6

. Anterior scutal margin convex, with AM placed well in front of line

of AL. Lateral margins of posterior angle of scutum concave. All

setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia branched. Dorsal setae 24,

arranged 2.6.6,4.4.2. Palpal claw trifureate.

AW 51-6+6'18, PW 70°2+8-85, SB 20-8+3-09, ASB 25-3

2-58, PSB 28:5+2°97, SD 53-5+4-32, A-P 22-33-78, AM

34-6+4-29, AL 29-6-+2'40, PL 35:0+3-51, Sens. 55-6+6-45,

Trag. pentagona sp. 1.

Anterior scutal margin straight, with AM in line with AL. Lateral

margins of posterior angle of seutum convex. Seta on palpal femur

branched; on genu nude; on tibia, dorsal and lateral nude, ventral

branched. Dorsal setae 24, arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2, to 30» long. Palpal

claw bifureate.

AW 45-75+4°50, PW 60-0, SB 16-5+5:2, ASB 18:0, PSB 23°25

+4:50, SD 41-25+4-50, A-P 19-525-2, AM 24-0, AL 25-5

+5-2, PL 24-0, Sens. 47-02+5-2.

Traq. gymnodactyla (Wom. and Kohls 1947),

24 RECORDS OF THE $.A. MUSEUM

TRAGARDHULA ACUSCUTELLARIS (Walch 1922).

Trombicula acuscutellaris Walch 1922 (1923), Kitasato Archives Exper,

Med., 5, (3), 78; Tromb. a., Gater 1932, Parasitol., 24, 143-174; Penta-

gonella a., Sig Thor 1936, Zool, Anz., 114, 30; Tromb. (Pentag.) a., Wom-

ersley and Heaglip 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc, S. Aust., 67, (1), 78; Troms. a..

Metha 1937, J. Med. Res., 25, (2), 253-365; Tromb. a, Williams 1944,

Amer, J. Trop. Med., 24, (6), 255; Tromd. a., Philip, Woodward and

Sullivan 1946, Amer. J. Trop. Med., 26, (2); Tromb. a., Radford 1946,

Parasit., 37, (1-2); Pentagonella a., Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das

Tierreich, Lfg., 71b., 293 and 296; Tromb, a., Jayewickreme 1947, Nature,

160, 578. ;

Plate 1, fig. A-D.

This species is widely distributed in the Asiatic-Pacific Region. Origin-

ally described by Walch from Sumatra it has since been reported from the

Federated Malay States (Gater), India (Mehta), Maldive Islands (Radford),

Philippines (Philip) and has also been taken at Labuan, Borneo (R. N. Me-

Culloch) ; in all cases the hosts were species of Rattus.

The nymph was reared from larvae by Radford and briefly described.

Jayewickreme in Ceylon has reared them to the adult from larvae through 3

or 4 generations, and study of that material, published in Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Anst.,

1948, 72, (1), 88-90, by the present author has shown that it is a species of

Tragardhada, of which the type is Trag. nilotica Trag. (adult).

The specific characters of the larvae are given in the following revised

description and in the key to species. In having only one long, nude, seta on

tarsi I11 it is closely related to japonica (Tanaka), but differs in having

1 humeral seta on each side and im the galeal seta being nude.

Fe-description of Larvae, Colour in life red. Shape oval. Length

(unfed) 2604 (excluding gnathosoma), width 195. Dorsal seutum (fig, A?

pentagonal, with PW only very slightly greater than AW and angle of con-

vexity of posterior margin, ie. PW/PSB ca. 2:0. Sensillae long and filament-

ous with ciliations on distal two-thirds. Normal senutal setae ciliated and

tapering, Eyes 2+ 2, on ocular shields and posterior eyes the smaller,

Palpi (fig. B) stout; femur and genu with a branched or long ciliated seta;

‘trifureate. Chelicerae (fig. C) with the usual apical tricuspid cap, and on

tibia with the dorsal and lateral setae nude, the ventral branched; palpal claw

Of the above Pacific-Asiatic apecies placed under Tragardhula, ouly acuscutellaris (Walch)

and japonica (Tanaka) are definitely known to truly belong there, on the basis of the adults or

nymphs, The others are provisionally placed in the genus on the pentagonal scutum in the

larvae, Further rearing studies may prove or disprove this generic placing.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 25

the inner edge a subapical forwardly directed tooth. Galeal setae nude.

Dorsal setae 26 in number, arranged 2.6.6.6.4.2, to 70a long. Ventral setae

(excluding the coxae) 24, arranged 2.2.6.4.4.4.2, to 50% long. Legs long and

slender, all T-segmented; I 3504 long (including coxae), Il 392p, III 4385p;

tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod, III with one long, fine, nude,

sub-basal seta to 804 long.

The Standard Data derived from 17 specimens bred from eggs laid by a

wild adult from Ceylon, 17th Dec. 1947 (S. H. Jayewickreme) and 1 specimen

each from Federated Malay States and from Batavia reported upon in 1943

(Womersley and Heaslip) and.one from &. r. norvegteus from the Maldive

Islands, 830 Dec. 1944 (C. D. Radford) are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 77+*4+0-58 2-61+0:+41 69-6—-85-2 70+0-84-0 3-3

PW 80-10-55 2-47+0-39 72+ 7-875 75-6-86-8 31

SB 30-80-27 1200-19 -27-2-34-4 28-0-33-6 39

ASB 3000-28 1-24+0-19 26-3-33°7 28-0-30-8 4-1

PSB 43-32-0-32 1-43-0-22 39-0-47-6 42-0-44°8 3-3

8D 72+30+46 2°04-+0-32 66+2-78-4 70°0—-75-6 2-8

A-P 25°90-26 1°160°18 22-d-29.4 25+2-28-0 4-5

AM 52°-740-49 2-040-35 4616-588 50-4-56-0 4:0

AL 40°2520°35 1-560°25 35.5-44.9 39+2-43 +4 3°8

PL 77-10+61 2-680 +43. 69-1-85+1 75-6-85-1 8-5

Sens. 84-0. No variation recorded.

TRAGARDHULA JAPONICA (Tanaka 1930).

Leptus autumnalis japonica Tanaka 1916, Igakai Zasshi (in jap.), 30, (22);

1918, Ikai Jiko (in jap.), No. 1,228.

Trombicula autumnalis japonica, (Tanaka et al. 1930), Zentbt. Bakt., Abt. 1,

Orig., 116, 361.

Pentagonella japonica, Sig Thor 1936, Zool. Anz., 114, 30.

_ Prombieula (Pentagonella) japonica, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy.

Soe. 8. Aust., 67, (1),

Trombicula auiwmnalis japonica, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich,

Lfg., 71b.

Trombicula japomea, Philip and Fuller, 1950, Parasitol, 40.

Plate 1, fig, E-H.

There are two distinct species of ‘‘akidani’’ or ‘‘haryest’’ mites figured

by various Japanese workers, in one of which the tarsi of leg III have only a

26 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

single long, nude, outstanding seta; the other has 3 such setae on tarsi LT

and also 1 on metatarsi III.

From Tanaka’s 1930 paper, the first of these would appear to be the one

to which he attached the name autummnalis japonica, The second form does

not appear to have been given a specific name by Japanese workers but. rather

to have been confused with Tanaka’s species, Its distinetiveness, however,

has now been recognized by C. B. Philip and H. 8. Fuller, who have described

it as & new species tamiyat.

That the species is now to be placed in the genus Tregardhula is shown by

Tanaka’s reference (1930) to the position of the eyes in the nymph, which he

was able to rear, as being away from and in advance of the sensillary area, as

in the type of Traygardhula, nilotica Berl. (non, Ouds.).

The position of the eyes is also clearly shown on Tanaka’s figure 37 on

Plate IV. His referring of the Japanese form to a subspecies of the European

autumnalis is thus shown to be untenable, for autumnalis belongs to

Neotrombicula, a subgenus of Trombicula Berl., in which eyes are entirely

wanting. The species is closely related to acuscutellaris but differs as given

in the key to species. Specimens agreeing with Tanaka’s description (1930)

and figures have been collected by Lt.-Col, C. B. Philip in both Yamagata and.

Niigata Prefeectures in 1945 from Microtus montebelli, Tt is not yet known to

oceur outside of Japan.

Re-description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (engorged) to 5604, width

to 390,. Dorsal seutum pentagonal, with PW much longer than AW, and

angle of convexity of posterior margin, ie. PW/PSB—3-24. Sensillae long

and with about 3 cilia on mid-third, only slightly posterior of line of PL.

Other scutal setae long, ciliated and tapering. Eyes 2+ 2, on ocular shields,

posterior eyes the smaller. Palpi stout, (fig. F), femur and genu with

branched setae; tibia with ventral branched, dorsal with 1 short branch, lateral

mude. Palpal claw trifurcate, Chelicerae with only the smal! apical tricuspid

cap. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae long, ciliated and tapering, 34 in

number, arranged 4,6,.6.6,6.4.2, to 72» long, ie. there are 2 humeral setae on

each side, Ventral setae similar but shorter, approx. 44 in number (excluding

those on coxae). Legs all 7-segmented, I 325, long, II 285, ITI 3504 (inelud-

ing coxae); tarsi I and IT with usual dorsal sensory rod, ITE with 1 long

nude outstanding seta to 50p long. All coxae unisetose.

The Standard Data derived from 6 specimens from Microtus monfebelle

eollected by Lt.-Col. C. B. Philip, from Yachi, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan,

28th Oct. 1945 are as follows: ;

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRuB TYPHUS MITES 27

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 83-81-40 3430-99 73-5-94+1 78+0-88+0 4-1

PW 100523 +04 7-4542°15 78+ 2-128-8 94°0-115-0 74

8B 33-040°78 ~ 1-90%0-55 27-3-38°7 30°0-36-0 57

ASB 35-50-50 1-2240'35, 31°8-39-2 33*0-36-0 3-4

P8B 31-00-63 1:5540+45 26-35-35-65 3070-33 -0 5-0

8D 6650-92 2-560: 65 59-7-73-3 63*0-69+0 3-4

A-P 32-50-50 1°22+0+35 28-8-36°2 30-0-33-0 3-8

AM 62-0+1-00 2-450°71 54+7-69-3 60-0-66-0 3-2

AL 58-81-53 3°421708 48+6-69"0 54-0-03 -0 5-8

PL 73>2260-87 2-1440°62 66+ 8-79-6 70°0-75-0 2-9

Sena. 88:0. Only one determination.

TRAGARDHULA TAMIyat (Philip and Fuller 1950.)

Trombicule taniiyai. Philip and Fuller, 1950, Parasitol., Vol. 40.

Plate 1, fig, I-M.

Deseription of Larvae, Shape oval. Length 325, (unfed), width 200z.

Seutum pentagonal with the posterior angle slightly rounded laterally with

angle of convexity of posterior margin=-2-52. Sensillae bases posterior of

line of PL; PL setae the longest; sensillae ciliated on middle two-fifths; anterior

margin lightly sinuous between AL and with AM posterior of line of AL.

Eyes 2-+ 2, on ocular shields, about equal in size. Chelicerae with only the

usual tricuspid cap, Galeal setae with 2 or 3 branches. Palpi stout, claw

trifureate; all setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia branched. Dorsal setae ca.

42, arranged 2.8.8.10.6. Ventrally with 1 seta on each coxa, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 42, Legs: I 260n, IL 230z,

IIL with 3 long, nude, outstanding setae; metatarsi III with one such seta,

The Standard Data derived from 31 specimens from the original material

collected by Nagayo, Tamiya and others in Yamagata, Japan, are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variatiou

AW 64-5035 1-962£0+ 25 58-6-70-4 60-0-69-0 3-0

PW 82-20-50 2-730-35 74-0-90-4 © 75-0-88-@ 3-3

SB 27*250-27 1-48+0-19 22-8-31-7 24:0-3117 5+3

ASB 28-250-a7 1-48+0-19 23°8-32-7 87+0-30-0 5-2

PSB 82°6+0+30 1:66+6-21 27-+6-37-6 30-0-36°0 5«1

8D 60-90-44 243031 53+6-68-2 57-0-66-0 46

A-P 21-55-0-25 1°39+06-18 17+4-25+7 20+0-25-0 6-5

AM 44-45+0-46 2-15+0+32 38°0-50-9 42.0-48-0 AS

AL 48-00-46 2°460°33 40-6-58-4 42.0-51-0 S1

PI, 6245-60-50 2-65240735 54*5-70-4 58+0-68-0 4-2

Sens. 76:O0+%1-77 §*01+1:25 6§1°0-91-1) 70-0-85°0 6-6

28 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Remarks. This species appears to haye been confused by many Japanese

authors with the preceding species, japonica Tanaka. It is, however, as recog-

nized by Philip and Fuiler, very different in the setae of the palpal tibia, the

dimensions of the seutum, the number of dorsal setae and in the number of

long nude setae on leg IIT.

TRAGARDHULA FusieMo (Philip and Fuller 1950.)

Trombicula fujigmo Philip and Fuller, 1950, Parasitol., 1950,

Trombicula nu. sp. ‘‘D.’’? Lawrence in MS. 1947. In Audy 1947, ‘‘Serub

Typhus Investigations in §.H. Asia, Pt. III. Appendix 7.7? AMD, 7.

War Office, London. .

Plate 2, fig. A-C.

Description of Larvae, Shape .oval. Length (unfed) 2602 width 170,.

Dorsal acutum pentagonal, but the posterior margin rather rounded, angle of

convexity of posterior margin — 2-64; anterior margin sinuous with AM placed

behind line of AL; sensillae about in line with PL, filamentous and ciliated on

distal two-thirds. Eyes 2+ 2, close to scutum, on ocular shields, posterior

slightly the smaller. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap, Galeal

setae nude. Palpi stout, with all setae on femur, genu and tibia branched,

except dorsal and lateral on tibia. Dorsal setae 42, arranged 2.8.8.8(10).10(8).6,

to 45. long. Ventrally with 1 seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I

and between coxae IIT, and thereafter 6.6.6.4.4, Legs: I 260. long, II 220p,

III 260,; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal rod, IIT with 3 long, nude, out-

standing setae on tarsi and 1 on metatarsi.

The Standard Data for 2 paratypes are: AW 60:2, PW 81-2, SB 26:6,

ASB 80-8, PSB 30-8, SD 61-6 A—P 25-2, AM 42-0, AL 36-4, PL 46-2, Sens.

80-0.

Remarks. The above description is from two paratype specimens from

Crocidura vorax from Myitkyina, Burma, April 14, 1945, Its relationship to

other species is given in the key.

The single specimen, which Lawrence intended to describe, was from

Rattus r. brunneusculus Hodgson from Kanglatongbi, nr, Imphal, Assam.,

Dec, 6th, 1945. This specimen was referred to by Philip and Fuller 1950 as

being near to their species fujigmo from Burma, differing only in the some-

what higher Standard Data and the slightly greater number of dorsal setae,

47 as against 42,

Through the kindness of Dr. J. R. Audy I have been able to study this

specimen and would regard it as only a slight variant of typical fujigme. With

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 29

the discovery of more specimens it might be shown to be a local population,

The Standard Data are: AW 75°6, PW 86-8, SB 30-8, ASB 30-8, PSB 30-8,

SD 61-6, A—-P 28-0, AM 56-0, AL 47-6, PL 70-0, Sens. —

TRAGARDHULA GECKOBIA sp. 0.

Plate 2, fig. D-E.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Colour in life unknown. Length

(unfed) 230», width 170p. Dorsal scutum small, pentagonal, punctate, with

PW much longer than AW, and angle‘ of convexity of posterior margin, i.e.

PW/PSB = 3°8. Sensillae long, filamentous, ciliated on distal half and about

in line with PL. AM seutal seta short and thin and shortly ciliated, others

thicker and longer and more strongly ciliated. Eyes 2-4-2, large, on ocular

shields, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae with only the apicai tricuspid cap.

Palpi stout; setae on femur and genu branched; on tibia, dorsal and lateral

nude, ventral branched. Palpal claw bifureate, Galeal setae stout and

strongly, thickly ciliated or pectinate. Dorsal setae tapering and ciliated, 30

in number, arranged 2.8.6.6.6.2, to 30% long. Ventral setae, excluding coxal,

2.2.8.6.4.2,2, somewhat similar but shorter than dorsal setae. Legs, all 6-

segmented, femur undivided; I 200u long, II 162y, ITT 195p; tarsi I and II

with usual rod-like seta dorsally, III without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type specimen are: AW 36-4, PW 53:2,

SB 12-6, ASB 19-6, PSB 14-0, SD 33-6, A-P 16-8, AM 14-0, AL 25-2, PL

30°0, Sens. 42-0.

Loc. and Host. Described from the type and 3 paratypes from a gecko,

eoliected by Dr. R. V. Southcott, 60 miles south of Darwin, N.T,, Aust., 9th

May, 1943. '

Remarks. As the adult is unknown, this species is placed in Tragardhula

on the bases of the pentagonal seutum, Its relation to other species is given in

the key.

TRAGARDHULA PENTAGONA §p, 0.

Plate 2, fig. F=I.

Description of Larvae. Shape (unfed) an elongate oval, Length (unfed)

225p, width 150x.. Dorsal seutum pentagonal, with AM’ distinctly anterior of

line of AL and the anterior margin strongly convex; surface sparsely punctate;

with angle of convexity of posterior margin, ie; PW/PSB— 2:44; sensillae

placed only slightly behind line of PL, filamentous, with minute spicules on

basal half, longer ciliations distally. Eyes 2+ 2, adjacent to postero-lateral

30 RECORDS OF THE $.A. MUSEUM

corners of scutum, posterior eyes the smaller, Chelicerae 24y long, with only

the small apical tricuspid cap. Gealeal setae long and nude. Palpi stout;

setae on palpal femur and genu long and curved with long branches; tibia with

all 3 setae finely and iong branched; palpal claw trifureate; tarsus with sub-

basal sensory rod and 6 or 7 ciliated setae, one of which ig much stronger

than the others and over-reaches tip of claw. Dorsal setae 24 in number,

arranged 2.6.6.4.4.2, the seapular setae 40» long, the others 32y, all tapering

and strongly ciliated. Ventrally with a single seta on each coxa, otherwise

2.2.6.4.2.2, to 82n long. Legs: I 240u long, II 216z, III 240; tarsi I and I

with dorsal sensory rod, III without any long outstanding nude seta,

The Standard Data derived from the type and 10 paratypes are:

Biandard Theoretical Observed Cocff. of

Menn Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 49-20-44 1°79+0-33 43°85-54°55 465-0-51°0 3°6

PW 66-90-63 2-52-0-44 §0+ 35-74-45 63-0-72-0 3-7

SB 19-32%0°34 1-3720-24 15+3-23:3 18+0-21-6 7-0

ASB 27-0 No variation recorded

PSE 27+20-42 1:6720-29 22-2-32°2 24-0-30-0 6-1

sD 54+2=b0-43 1-670-29 39-2-59-S 5],-0-57-0 3-1

A-P 20-5220-45 1°80+0°32 15+1-25-9 18+0-24-0 8-3

AM 27-00-68 2:33+0-48 19-4-44°6 24-0-30-0 9-4

AL 40-450-78 2-84-0756 21-9-39:0 27+0-36-0 9-6

PL 33-20-42 © 16740. 29 37 -2-38+2 30-0-36-0 570

Sena. 60-120-38 1-20+0-27 56°5-63-7 . §8-0-63°0 1-9

Loc. Eleven specimens collected on boots, Tolga-Atherton Road, Queens-

land, 2nd Sept., 1944 (R. N. McCulloch). Two other specimens, also collected

on boots, Wongabel, Qld., 8rd Sept., 1944 (R.N.Me.) and a single specimen

found attached to a female Troides priamus (Lepidoptera-Heterocera), Ather-

ton Tableland, Qld,, 20th Aug., 1948 (R.V.8.) are also referred to this species.

This species is-very close to gymnodactyla, Womersley and Kohls 1947, but

differs in having a trifurcate palpal claw, the anterior margin of scutum

strongly convex and AM in front of line of AL, as well as with the side

margins of the posterior angle of secutum concave and not convex.

TRAGARDHULA GymMmopactyLa (Wom. and Kohls, 1947).

Eutrombicula gymnodactyla Wom. and Kohls 1947, Tr, Roy. Soc, 8. Auat., 71,

(1), 3.

Plate 2, fig. J-M.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (engorged) to 450n, width to

300.. Scutum pentagonal, with its anterior margin atraight or lightly sinuous

between AL, and AM in line therewith; sides of posterior angle convex. Sen-

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 31

sillae ciliated on distal half with the bases nearer to each other than to PL and

slightly anterior of line of PL. Eyes 2-+ 2, on distinct shields, posterior eyes

the smaller. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude.

Palpi stout, tibial claw bifurcate; seta on palpal femur 2~3-branched; on genu

nude; on tibia only the ventral branched; tarsi short with sub-basal sensory

rod and 5 or 6 ciliated setae, one of which is much stronger than the rest and

aver-reaches tip of tibial claw by the claw’s length. Dorsal setae 28, to 30p,

long and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2. Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on

palpal segment I (gnathosoma), one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and

between coxae III, and thereafter uncertain, to 20h Jong, Legs: I 210, long,

TI 195p, III 210; tarsi I and IT with usual dorsal sensory rod; tarsi III with-

out any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 3 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 45°750+75 1-50+0°50 41+25-50-25 45-0-418-0 3-2

PW 60°0 No variation recorded

&B 16-50-87 1:7380°61 11+3-21+7 15*0-18-0 10°5

ASB 18:0 No variation recorded

PSB 23-250-76 1-600°53. 18-75-23°75 21-0-24-0 64

SD 41°25--0-75 1-504+0+53 36°75-45-75 39+0-42+0 38

A-P 19-50-87 1-730-61 14-3-24-7 18+0-21:0 8-8

AM 24-0 No variation recorded

AL 25-50°87 1+73=0°61 20-3-30-7 24-0-27-0 6-8

PL 24-0 No variation recorded

Sens. 47°021+0 1-7320°71 41-8-52-2 45-0-48-0 3-7

Remarks, This species was described from a gecko Gymnedactylus loussia-

densis from Sansapore, Dutch New Guinea. It is very close to the preceding

new species, pentagona, but differs in the palpal setae and bifurcate palpal

elaw and in the shape of the dorsal scutum.

To it are now referred 5 specimens in the South Australian Museum, col-

lected from Phyllodactylus marmoratus (a gecko) on Greenly Island, 8. Aust.,

Dee. 1947 (F. J. Mitchell), and 4 specimens from a gecko, approximately 60

miles south of Darwin, Northern Territory of Australia, May 9, 1943. (R.V.S.).

The DS are actually 2.8.6.6.4.2, not 2,6,6.4.4.2 as originally given.

Genus TROMBICULA Berlese 1905.

Berlese 1905. Acari nuovi Manip, IV, 155, taf. XV, fig, 4; idem, 1912, ‘‘Redia,’’

8, fase. 1, p. 83, fig. 39-44,

Genotype Trembicula minor Berl, 1905; Adult from Java.

= Eutrombicula Ewing 1938, J. Washington Acad, Sci., 27, 293,

= Acariscus Ewing 1948, Proc, Ent. Soc. Washington, 45, (3).

32 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The unjustified separation of Acartscus from Eutrombicula on the number

of dorsal setae has been pointed ont by Michener (1946, Ann. Ent. Soc.

America, 39, 432). Tarlier in the same year and publication, p. 411-417,

Michener described the nymphs of three American species of Hutrombicula,

all of which were found to have one eye on each side, closely adjacent. to the

sensillary area, as in the genotype of Trombicula (T. minor Berl.) and as is

also the case in T. sambont Wom. from 8. Australia, and T. wichmanni from

New Guinea, etc. It seems probable, therefore, that at least the abovemen-

tioned species, in which the palpal claws of the larvae are bifureate, will

when the larvae of the genotype are known be correctly placed in the genus

Trombicula s. str. as defined on adult and/or nymphal characters.

Key to the Subgenera and Species of TROMBICULA 8. Str.

from the Asiatic-Pacific Region.

N.B,.—Where the adults and/or nymphs are known and correlated with

the larvae the subgenus as based on adult and/or nymphal characters is given

in parenthesis, but where this is assumed on the homology of larval chatacters

the subgeneric name is preceded by a question mark; otherwise no subgenus is

as yet to be suggested.

1. Galeai setae branched or ciliated, Setae on palpal femur and genu

nude; on tibia, dorsal ciliated or branched. Palpal claw bi- or tri-

fureate. Scutum wider than Jong, more or less rectangular. Scutal

and dorsal setae normal, ciliated or with strong denticles, not lanceo-

late with folded edges or otherwise modified. (Adults and nymphs

where known with precoxal plates on leg 1, forming a longitudinally

divided sternum. Eyes absent) .. bis =< +4 Nv = 2

Subgen. Leptotrombidium Nagayo et al., 1916,

= “akamushi’’ group of Wharton 1947

Without the above combination of characters . . “es .. .. 19

2. Postero-lateral corners of scutum well rounded, with PL placed about

midway between AL and the posterior scutal margin .. ns ate

PL placed at the more or less angular postero-lateral scutal corners . 8

Ventral setae of palpal tibia branched. Seta of coxae III on anterior

margin. DS 44-50, in number arranged 2.10(12).10(12).10.6(8).4.2,

fairly thick with strong lateral setules.

AW 65-5=7-0 PW 70:3+7-4, SB 29-8+4-+1, ASB 24-0, PSB

15-0, SD 39-0, A-P 18-5+3°8, AM 46:4+6-7, AL 36:5+5-1,

PL 58-1+7-2, Sens. 67-0+8-2.

Trambicula (?L,) palpalis (Nagayo et al, 1919).

Ventral setae of palpal tibia nude =‘ . - on na 4

4, Dorsal setae 50 or more in number... a he . . 5

Dorsal setae fewer than 40 in number ,. ahs = r es 6

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB FYPHUS MITES 33

5. Dorsal setae 52 in number, arranged ca. 2,12.4.10.4.8.8.4, to 45 long,

slender and tapering with eiliations rather than setules, Sensillae

proximally nude.

AW 58:8, PW 68-6+4-6, SB 28:9+3-4, ASB 27-1+4:3, PSB

11-2, SB 38-34-33, A-P 23-3+4:3, AM 51-5+9-6, AL 44-8

+5:9, PL 54-94: 6, Sens, 61-6+6°8,

T rombicula (? L,) hushonschrijuert (Walch 1923).

Dorsal setae ea. 70 in number, to 43n long, thick and strongly setulate

or dentate, arranged 2.12.14.12.10,8.6.4.2. Sensillae proximally

barbed.

AW 70:5+5-1, PW 76:°75+9-6, SB 35:6+5:5, ASB 26-7+

2-7, PSB 14:841:8, SD 41:5+3-0, A-P 19:043:8, AM

49-8+5-6, AL 42-15+5-2, PL 53+34+7:0, Sens. 71:527:2.

Trombicula (? L.) pallida (Nagayo et al. 1919).

6. Dorsal setae 38-40 in number, to 58, long, arranged ea.

2.10.8.8.6,.4.2(0), with setules or dentations which are not as long as

in pallida. Sensillae proximally minutely barbed.

AW 53-8, PW 63-0, SB 25-8, ASB 24-8, PSB 12-9, SD 37:7,

A-P 17-2, AM 51-6, AL 387, PL 58-1, Sens. 66-7, (Womersley

and Heaslip 1943, after Nagayo et al., 1921.)

AW 69°-2+5-0, PW 77-8+2°7, SB 33-7+0-8, ASB —, PSB

13+3+1-6, SD —, A-P 23:54+2-8, AM 49-8+2-3, AL 39-329-1,

PL 54-8+4-0, Sens, 61-5+12-1 (after Kuwata, Berge and Philip

1950), Trombicula (2 L.) intermedia (Nagayo et al. 1920),

Dorsal setae 28-30 in number... 4 ; 7

7. Seutum smaller, with PW only slightly greater than AW. Setae on

palpal genu very long and over-reaching palpal claw. DS 30 in

number, arranged 2.8.6.6.2.6, to 50 long, sparsely barbed. Sensillae

ciliated on distal two-thirds, minutely barbed on basal third.

AW 50-5, 51-5, PW 52-0, 53-0, SB 24-0, 24-5, ASB ea, 20-0,

PSB 11-0, SD ea. 31-0, A-P 14-0, 15-0, AM 29-5, 32-5, AL

28-5, PL 49-5, 51-0, Sens. 40-5, 42-0 (after Kuwata, Berge and

Philip 1950, except ASB and SD, which are interpolated from

their figure). Trombicula (? L.) fuji (Xuwata, Berge and Philip 1950).

Seutum larger with PW distinctly greater than AW. Palpal genual

setae shorter. DS 28, to 58» long, arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2, thicker and

strongly dentate.

AW 58-5+8-9, PW 69-4+7-0, SB 31-1+4:-8, ASB 28-0, PSB

11-2, SD 39-9, A-P 20-85:4:4, AM 40:8+6-6, AL 50-4+8-4,

PL 56-0-44- 2, "Seng, 68-3-7°5.

Trombicula (2? L.) lanceolata sp. nu. Lawrence in MS.

8. Palpal claw trifurcate .. ‘A ot a4 sf be = 9

Palpal claw bifureate ae a it ws hy -. 25

9, Ventral seta of palpal tibia branched .. a es Ha .. 10

Ventral seta of palpal tibia. nude =/ .. i: i 12

10.

11,

13.

14,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusEUM.,

Dorsal setae 52 in number, arranged. ca. 2,13.12.12.8.4.2, to 56% long,

tapering with strong long ciliations rather than denticles.

AW 70-1+6-3, PW 86:8+9-2, SB 35-5+4-4, ASB 30-8, PSB

14-0, SD 44-8, A-P 25-2, AM 63-8+3-7, AL 48:5+4-3, PL 63°8

+8:7, Sens. 85-4. Trombicula (? L.) parapalpalis sp. n.

Dorsal setae stout, not tapering, with strong denticles .. a 1g hell

With only 1 humeral seta on each side of first dorsal row. Dorsal

setae ca. 42 in number, to 404 long and arranged ca, 2,10.8.10.6.4.2.

AW 64-4, PW 75-6, SB 30:8, ASB 28-0, PSB 11+2, SD 39-2, A-P

25-2, AM 47-5, AL 40-0, PL 50-4, Sens, 61:6.

Trombicula fe) L.) macacus sp. 2, Lawrence in MS.

With 2 humeral setae on each side in first dorsal. row. Dorsal setae

ta. 52 in number, arranged 4.10.8.2.8.8.6.2.2, to 40» long.

AW 175-6, PW 81-2, SB 36-4, ASB 28-0, PSB 15-4, SD 43-4,

A-P 25-2, AM 42-0, AL 33:6, PL 42-0, ‘Sens, —.

Trombicula (7 L.) puta sp, 0.

Seutum very large, with irregularly wrinkled or shagreened surface.

Dorsal setae ca. 80-90 in number, to 50 long, tapering and strongly

ciliated.

AW 99-2, PW 121-6, SB 51:2, ASB 41-6, PSB 16-0, SD 57°6,

A-P 33:2, AM 62:4, AL 56-0, PL 70-4, Sens, 96-0.

Trombicula (7? L.) dus sp. n.

Scutum smaller, surface punctate. Dorsal setae ca. 50 or fewer in

number os i vs a :: Zé ot a2 » 18

Dorsal setae ca, 50 in number, arranged ea. 2.10.10(12).10(8).8.6.4,

to 51h long, more or less tapering and fairly thick with strong cilia-

tions.

AW 72:4+6-1, PW 82-2-+10-4, SB 32°2+5-9, ASB 29-1+45-5,

PSB 15-1+1-2, SD 44-0+5-7, A-P 28-3+-5°8, AM 59-8+4-6,

AL 50-6+10-8, PL 64-3+7°3, Sens. 77°75+5-75.

Trombicula (?LZ.) foaéetaria (Nagayo et al, 1920).

Dorsal setae fewer in number .. 7 _ - of .. iI14

Dorsal setae 28 in number, arranged 2.8.6.6,4.2, with very little

variation. Sensillae bases in line with or only slightly i in advance of

line of PL. Posterior scutal margin more rounded and ca. 12» behind

PL. (For populations, see text).

Trombicula (L.) deliensis (Walch 1923)

= vanderghinstet Gunther 1940.

= walcht Wom. and Heasp. 1943.

Dorsal setae more variable from 34 to 40 in number, generally 38,

and mostly arranged 2.10(8).8.8.6.4.2(0). Sensillae bases distinctly

in front of line of PL. (For ranges of Standard Data in various

populations, see text). Trombicula (L.)akamushi Brumpt 1910.

= fletcheri Wom. and Heasp. 1943.

= obscura Wom, 1944,

1b,

16,

17.

16.

W OMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 35

Dorgal setae yery numerous, more than 100 in number, in ca. 10

rows of 14 each, to 58» long, slender, tapering and strongly ciliated.

AW 88-5+7-5, PW 103-0+10:8, SB 41-2+38-7, ASB 35-8237,

PSB 13:4+3-7, SD 49°-3+7-5, A-P 34-7+4-6, AM 75-6+6-0,

AL 62:2+3°7, PL 72-0+7-0, Sens. —. ° Prombicula (tL) villosa sp. 1.

Dorsal setae much fewer in number 16

Dorsal setae ca. 42 in number, to 70 long sitevtorty. and stodiaia

2.12.8.8.6.4.2.

AW 83-224+2, PW $3-824-8, SB 36-4+6°8, ASB 35-0+4°8,

PSB 16:1+4-2, SD 51-1+8-0, A-P 28:7+8-0, AM 51-3+12-8,

AL 47:6, PL 58:1+8:-0, Sens. 78:4.

Trombicula (1 L.) tithwalensis sp. un,

Dorsal setae 28-32 in number .. , ite « <I

Dorsal setae 32 in number, arranged 2.10.8.6.4.2, to dy ‘nate, tapering

and slender, and ciliated. Ventral seta on palpal tibia branched,

Anterior and posterior margins of scutum strongly sinuous,

AW 70:4, PW 83-2, SB 35-2, ASB 30-0, PSB 12-6, SD 42-6,

A-P 28-8, AM 32-0, AL 41:6, PL 48-0, Sens. —.

Trombicula a bhimtalensis sp. n.

Dorsal sétae 28, arranged 28.6642 .. ie ni . 18

PL scutal setae very long, and more than twice as fares as AL or PW.

Posterior scutal margin a shallow even curve, with SB behind line of

AW 59-9-+5-9, PW 71°5+6'9, SB 26-75+4-7, ASB 32-0, PSB

9-6, SD 41-6, A~P 25:6, AM 55-5+11-0, AL 55-1+6-7, PL

108-324-0, Sens. 69-837. Trombiewa (L.) longiseta sp. n.

PL not much, if at all longer than PW. Posterior seutal margin

strongly sinuous and concave medially. SB only shghtly behind line

of PL. Trombicula (L.) fulleri (Ewing, 1945).

. PL and dorsal setae lanceolate or foliate with folded edges carrying a

double row of setules. Palpal claw bi- or trifurcate. Setae on palpal

femur and genu nude; on tibia lateral and ventral nude, dorsal

ciliated or branched, Sentum rectangular with rounded posterior

corners and PL midway between AL and posterior margin

PL and dorsal setae normal, or otherwise than as above .. -» 21

. Seutum larger. Palpal claw bifureate. Dorsal setae 48 in number,

to 422 Jong and arranged ca. 2.10.8.8,8,6.4.2,

AW 75°0+9°7, PW 84-3+10°7, SB 37:346°3, ASB 30-444-2,

PSB 16:0, SD 46-444-8, A-P 19-5546-25, AM 44-8+9-6,

AL 43-645° 0, PL 48: 9-7: +2, Sens. 60-8 (57°6, 64-0).

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) fordi sp. n. Lawrence in MS.

Scutum smaller. Palpal claw trifureate. Dorsal setae 52 in number,

to 30n long and arranged ca. 2.10,10.10.8.6.2.

AW 64:4, PW 75-6, SB 33-6, ASB 28-0, PSB 15-4, SD 43-4,

A-P 22-4, AM 42-0, "AL 39- 2, PL 36-4, Sens, 60°0,

sTrombioula (2 N.) traubt sp. 0,

21.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Dorsal and AM and PL scutal setae lanceolate, finely ciliated and

without folded edges. Palpal claw trifureate. Dorsal setae 30 in

number, 34-42» long and arranged ca; 2.8.6.6.4.4.

AW 67-2, PW 72-8, SB 36:4, ASB 30:6, PSB 14-0, SD 44:8,

A-P 14-0, AM 30-8, AL 30°8, PL 58-8, Sens. 70-0.

Trombicula (N.) hastata (Gater 1932).

Dorsal and seutal setae normal, more or less tapering with fine cilia-

tions, or phylliode-like, or broad and aciculate .. +3 $$ «6-22

22. Galeal setae nude .. a8 ils ai. J. AP afi .. 28

Galeal setae ciliated or branched ,. es st os twee 968

23. Tarsi III with 2, metatarsi III with 1 long nude seta, All 3 setae on

24.

20.

26.

27.

28.

palpal tibia and the setae on femur and genu nude. Palpal claw

trifurcate, Dorsal setae 26 in number, arranged 2.6.6.6.4.2, and from

50y to 804 long. Scutum with posterior margin an even curve, deep

behind PL. SB in line with PL and in midline of seutum.

AW 70-65+7-45, PW 93-99-00, SB 30-:325-6, ASB 36:15+

3°05, PSB 26-652:3-6, SD 62-65+5-45, A-P 33-6+6-75, AM

55-2+9-0, AL 50-45-55, PL 66-85+14-05, Sens. 95-8-9-4.

_Trombicula novae-hollandiae Hirst 1929.

Tarsi III only with one long nude seta or without .. bg 1: OPA

Palpal claw bifurcate da ne oer an 34 os a Bh

Palpal claw trifurcate i te ue in id Re .. 50

Tarsi III with 4 long nude outstanding seta sub-basally ue i. (26

Tarsi III without such, or if present then ciliated .. we . 38

Scutum more or less quadrate with SB wide apart and elose to AL.

DS 22 in number, arranged 2,6.6.4.2.2, vatiable in length in different

populations from 31p to 56y,

AW 87-646-9, PW 94-8+8-0, SB 59-0+5-3, ASB 21-446-2,

PSB 53-0+7-1, SD 74:46:38, A-P 41-7+7-2, AM 43-929°7,

AL 38-0+5-6, PL 55:0+9-0, Sens. 58+65+10-45.

Trombicula (N.) rara (Walch 1923).

Scutum more rectangular with SB not, placed as above 7 a= DY

Dorsal setae 20(22) arranged 2.6.6.4.2(2) a ahs Lis ~. 28

Dorsal setae 26 or more :. at at ba ean 4 si. Bt

Posterior scutal margin relatively deep, its greatest distance from

line of PL more than twice that between line of SB and PL . : 29

Posterior scutal margins shallower, its greatest distance from. line of

PL equal to or less than that between SB and PL .. p, . 380

Ratio of PW/SD—1-35—1:'52. Seta on palpal femur 3-5-

branched; on genu usually 1-, oecasionally 2-tranched; on tibia,

dorsal and lateral nude, ventral 3-4.branched. DS 20 in number, to

55p, long. Trombieula (? Trombicula) hirsti Sambon 1927.

30.

31.

a2,

83.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScRUB TyPHUS MITES 37

AW 83°52-7°3, PW 96*6+7:9, SB 42-8+4-6, ASB 29-2+2-6,

PSB 38-65: 6, SD 65:-4+6:3, A-P 35-943: 1, AM 40:6+7: 0,

AL 45:9547:1, PL 54:15+4-7, Sens. 64-9--5- 4.

f. typ. hirsti Sambon 1927,

AW 84-5+9-4, PW 99-35+9-7, SB 44-35+44-8, ASB 26-7+4-6,

PSB 38:45-b5- 2, SD 56-45: 8, A-P 34-645: 9, AM 47-1+8: 2,

AL 53-1+8°3, PL 57°7T+8°9, Sens. 58-95+11-3,

f. deliensis (Walch 1928).

= buwloloensis Gunther 1939,

5*0, PW 110-0, SB 43-0, ASB 33-0, PSB 48-0, SD 81-0,

A-P 39-0, AM 58-0, Ab 55-0, PL 70-0. Sens. 70-0.

f. hake; Radford 1946,

AW 109-7+8-6, PW 125:7213-4, SB 58:7+7-1, ASB 32-0,

PSB 43:0, SD 75:0, A-P 43-0, AM 53-9-5-6, AL 61°2+9-5,

PL 65:9+13-6, Sens. 60'0+6-7. f. nissanensis Dumbleton 1947.

Ratio of PW/SD ca. 1:86. Seta on palpal tibia with 2-2 short

branches, often appearing nude; on geri nude; on tibia dorsal and

lateral nude, ventral branched. ‘DS 20 in number, to 50, long.

Trombicula (¢ T.) sobrina sp. n.

Setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia (except ventral) nude,

Scnutum irregularly punctate, not striate-punctate. DS 22 in number,

to 35p long.

AW 73-25+4-5, PW 90:2+7:5, SB 36-0-+3:4, ASB 21-0, PSB

31:0+3-0, SD 52-0+3-4, A-P 29-0+2-0, AL 24-5+3-0, PL

32-5-3"0, Sens. ?. Trombicula (? T.) ablephara sp. n-

Setae on palpal femur 3-5 branched; on genu nude; on tibia dorsal

and lateral nude, ventral 3-4-branched: Scutum striate-punctate. DS

22. to 354. (For Standard Data of different populations see Table C).

Trombiewa (T.) utchmanni (Ouds. 1905).

Dorsal setae fewer than 40 in number .. =e ov, ea .. 82

Dorsal setae more than 40 in number .. an an v4 +. «86

Dorsal setae 26(28) in number .. me ae in Pee .. 84

Dorsal setae 32 to 38 in number .. ra $0 ra a: ~« 33

Dorsal scutum larger with posterior margin deeper behind PL. AM

the shortest. DS 32 in number, arranged 2.8,8,6.4.2.2. to 75-0 long.

. AW 103-0, PW 118-0, SB 44:0, ASB 36-0, PSB 23-0, SD 59-0,

AP 32-0, AM 43:0, AL 60-0, PL 85-0, Sens. 90-0.

Trombicula anous (Wharton 1946).

Dorsal scutum smaller, with posterior margin shallower behind PL.

AL the shortest, DS 38 in number, arranged 2.10.8.8.4.4.2, to 6570p.

long.

AW 86-0, PW 90:0, SB 36-0, ASB 29:0, PSB 16-0, SD 45-0,

A-P 30-0, AM 50-0, AL 40:0, PL 72-0, Sens, 60-0.

Trombicula pluvius (Wharton 1946).

34,

35.

36.

37.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia all nude. DS 26-28 in number,

to 55y long, and arranged 2.6(8).6.6.4.2. Scutum irregularly punc-

tate.

AW 102:7+6-9, PW 123-0+6-0, SB 47-6+4°9, ASB 29-0, PSB

37:1+5-3, SD 65-9-45- 3, A-P "33-914. 4, AM 38-3+6: 2, AL

47°7+5-9, PL 53-1+5:9, Sens, 64-0. Trombicula lygosomoides 8p. 0.

Seta on palpal femur branched or ciliated 7 - ss 3)

Dorsal setae 26, uniformly arranged 2.6.6.6.4,2, to 39% long. Seta of

palpal femur 4-5-branched ; of genu 1-2-branched; of tibia dorsal and

lateral nude, ventral 3-4-branched.

AW 87:8+1:7, PW 97-°7+12-5, SB 39-7+6'7, ASB 39-0+5:°9,

PSB 29-2443, SD 68-2+8-4, A-P 31°6+4-1, AM 40-3+3-5,

AL 45:2+6:2, PL 52-15- 2, Sens, 72-2+9-9,

Trombicula (T.) sambona Wom. 1939.

Dorsal setae 28, arranged 2.6.6.2 then two lateral clusters of 6 + 6.

Seta of palpal femur 4-5-branched; of genu 1-2-branched; of tibia

dorsal and lateral nude, ventral 3-4-branched.

AW 83°3+6'5, PW 92°-4+10:4, SB 40-0, ASB 27-0, PSB 34-9

3-3, SD 62:024-0, A-P 33-543:4, AM 31:5+6-4, AL 40*1l+

4. 4, PL 46:1+7-4, Sens. 64: *342°2,

Trombicula (N.) sarcina (Wom, 1944).

With 3 humeral setae on each side, Dorsal setae ca. 6.10.2.8.2.10.8.-

4.2, to 424 long. Telofemur of lez I with 2 very long outstanding

ciliated setae, of legs II and III with 1 such.

AW 70:0, 75-6, PW 89-6, 95-2, SB 30-8, 33-6, ASB 28-0, 28-0,

PSB 28:0, 28-0, SD 56-0, 56-0, A-P 25-2, 25-2, AM 42-0, 42-0,

AL 42-0, 42-0, PL 56-0, 56-0, Sens. 70-0, 70-0,

Trombicula kanzalwanensis sp. D.

With only 1 humeral seta on each side .. oi os iH +, «387

Dorsal setae 44 in number, arranged 2.6.6.10.8.6.4.2, the posterior five

rows clustered together. Palpal femur with seta with 6 or more short

branches; genu with nude seta; tibia with dorsal and lateral nude,

ventral with 3-4 branches.

AW 83-4+6-9, PW 89-9449, SB 36:-0+4-2, ASB 27-0+4:2,

PSB 34:2+3:°3, SD 61-2+6-0, A-P 31-6+2-°7, AM 35-7+3:-5,

AL 40-0, PL 5a 0-3-3, Sens. 72-0,

Trombicula (? 7.) macropus Wom. 1936.

Dorsal setae 68 in number, arranged 2.14.12.4.6.8.10.8.4, somewhat

clustered posteriorly. Seta on palpal femur with many short branches

or ciliations; on genu nude; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral

at branched.

AW 100-8-+6-5, PW 111-2+6:'5, SB 55-4+5-6, ASB 29-2+3:3,

PSB 34-4+4-0, SD 63-6+7-2, ‘A-P 31-6-43- 4, AM 59-8+3-3,

AL 68:8+8°3, PL 72-0+6' 3, Sens. 70-7+8-9.

Trombicua (1? T.) rioi Gunther 1939.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

88. AL seutal setae short and peg-like (genus Fonsecia Radford 1942).

All setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia (except ventral) nude.

DS 30 in number, stiff, with indistinct barbs, to 60» long and arranged

2.6.6.6.4.4.2.

AW 90-0, PW 108-0, SB 32-0, ASB 21-0, PSB 30-0, SD 51-0,

A-P 32:0, AM 60-0, Al: 14-0, PL 36-0, Sens. 70-0.

Trombicule coluberina (Radford 1946).

(= Fonsecia coluberind Radford 1946).

AL seutal setae normal .. at ae Le $e a Ze

39. Seutum smaller, with AW less than 60. .. 4

Scutum larger, AW often very much more than 60y ..

40. Sensillae with only a single branch, half its entire length. Seta on

palpal femur with 2-4 short branches; genu with 1 branch; tibia

with all 3 nnde. DS 38, arranged 2.8.8.6.6.4.4, to 25, long.

AW 39°8+12:2, PW 48-2+12-7, SB 18-6+6-6, ASB ?, PSB

19-6+5-4, SD 7, A-P 24-7:4-9, AM 27-4+2-7, AL 23-2+4-9,

PL 30:0+14-1, Sens. 39:6+8'1, (after Philip and Traub 1950).

Trombieula batui Philip and Traub 1950.

Sensillae otherwise

41, Sensillae with only 2-3 short branches or ciliations on distal half.

DS 24 in number, arranged 2.6.6.4.4.2, to 25 long. Setae on palpal

femur and genu nude; on tibia, dorsal with 1 or 2 short indistinct

barbs, lateral and ventral nude.

AW 33-0, PW 47-0, SB 12'5, ASB 16-8, PSB 17:0, SD 33-8,

A-P 17-0, AM 21-0, AL 20:0, PL 30-0, Sens. 30-0.

Trombicula (N.) munda (Gater 1932).

Sensillae with numerous branches or ciliations distally, DS 26 in

number, arranged 2.6.4.4.4.4.2, to 35-02 long. Seta on palpal femur

with a few short branches; on genu nude; on tibia dorsal with 1 or

2 short branches, lateral and ventral nude.

AW 38-0, PW 51-0, SB 13-0, ASB 18-0, PSB 22-0, SD 40-0,

A-P 20-0, AM 23-0, AL 25:0, PL 30:0, Sens. 38-0.

Trombicula (N,) spicea (Gater 1932).

Sensillae slightly thickening apically, with numerous ciliations. Dor-

sal setae 36 in number to 46. long and arranged ca, 2.8.6.8,4,2.

Only ventral seta on tibia of palpi branched. :

AW 53,+6-60:3, PW 80:4, SB 30-15, ASB 23-45, PSB 10-05-

13-4, SD 33-5-36°85, A-P 20-1, AM 43-45, AL 33-5-36-85, PL

60-3-63-65, Sens, 53-6. Trombicula (N.) consueta sp. n.

42, Palpi with femur and genu cylindrical, tibia very small, with the

claws represented by two short stumpy prongs which are shorter than

tarsus. Dorsal setae 20 in number, arranged 2.6.6.4.2, from 50p to

4). long. Seutum pghield-like.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

AW 63-0+4-7, PW 73-25+4:45, SB 36-7+2-5, ASB 22-4, PSB

38°3+5-0, SD 60-745: 0, A-P 29-754:05, AM 45-6+6- 5, AL

31+85+-7- 45, PL 49-546: §, Sens. 53-7-6-7. :

Trombicula parmifera sp. n.

Palpi and palpal claw normal .. a = = a .. 48

Scutum conspicuously striate-punctate, and large .. oe .. 48

Scutum smaller and not striate-punctate ‘5 a oh .. 44

Setae on palpal femur and genu nude. All setae on palpal tibia nude.

DS 22, arranged 2.6.6.4.2.2, to 364, fine with only indistinct ciliations.

Setae on palpal femur and genu branched .. . 45

All setae on palpal tibia nude, DS 22, arranged 2.6.6.4.22, to 36,

fine with only indistinct ciliations,

AW 78-85+7°8, PW 85:4+9-0, SB 44-1+5-2, ASB 21-0, PSB

37°8+5°3, SD 58-845: +3, AP 29°4+3:-6, AM 24-1+6: 4, AL

22-0+5-5, PL 22-55-+-7- -8, Sens. 50-0. Trombicula lundbladi 8p. 2.

Scutum rectangular, much wider than long, with AW mot much

shorter than PW, shallow behind PL, and with anterior and posterior

margins almost rectilinear, Sensillae rather thick with ciliations. on

distal two-thirds, bases nearer to one another than to lateral margin

and in front of line of PL, Setae on palpal femur and genu branched,

on tibia all three nude. Dorsal setae 28 in number, to 554 long, and

arranged 2.8.6,6.4.2.

AW 66-0, PW 69-0, SB 23-0, ASB 26:0, PSB 13-0, SD 39-0,

A-P 29-0, AM 26-0, AL 33:0-36-0 (34°5), PL 43-0-46-0 (44-5),

Sens. 36-0 (after Dumbleton). Trombicula nissani Dumbleton 1947.

Scutum not as above be - : Ns sh te . 46

Seutum much wider than sabe but with AW much shorter than

PW, and the lateral margins diverging widely posteriorly; anterior

and "posterior margins almost rectilinear. Dorsal setae ca. 38 in num-

ber, to 30 long and arranged 2.8.6.6.6.6.4.

AW 56-0, PW 86-8, SB 44:6, ASB 28-0, PSB 12-0, SD 40-0,

A-P 50:4, AM 25-2, AL 22-4, PL 50-4, Sens. —.

Trombicula jubbulporensis sp. D.

Seutum not much wider than long, with AW only a little less than

Seutum with posterior margin deep and rounded behind line of PL;

anterior margin convex with AM slightly in front of AL; sensillae

bases nearer to lateral margins than to each other and im front

slightly of lime of PL. Setae on palpal femur and genn, and the

ventral on tibia branched. Dorsal setae 26 in number, to 56-0y long,

and arranged 2.6.6.6.4.2.

AW 72-0, PW 78-0, SB 31:0, ASB 27-0, PSB 28-0, SD

55-0, A-P 28-0, AM 58-0, AL 43-0, PL 74-0-78-0, Sens. 97-0

(after Sugimoto), Trombicula isshikuw Sugimoto 1938.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

Scutnm with the posterior margin angular, giving a pentagonal form;

depth of posterior margin less than distance between SB and line of

PL, AL setae placed rather well back from the rounded antero-lateral

shoulders and behind AM. All setae on palpal femur, genn and tibia

branched, Dorsal setae 44 in number, to 38 long, and arranged

2,4,6.6,4.6.6.4.4.2. Coxae III 1-setose.

AW 61:6, PW 73-0, SB 22:4, ASB 28-0, PSB 28-0, SD 56:0,

A-P 30-0, AM 36:4, AL 30-8, PL 47-6, Sens, 64-4,

Trombicula khurdangensis sp. u.

48. Scutum fairly large with AW 97-0-122-0, and PW 112-0-132-0.

AW 98:2+5-6, PW 113-5+6-5, SB 51-05+3-65, ASB 28-0+

3:4, PSB 26°6+4-2, SD 54-6+5-8, A-P 30-4+4°7, AM 39-9

5: 2 AL 39-2+3°4, PL 47-6243°4, Sens, 57:4+6°7,

Trombicula (N.) scineoides (Wom. 1944).

f. typica.

AW 105-4-8-8, PW 116-713-0, SB 55-1+5-7, ASB 30-8+

4:5, PSB 28-0, SD 58-8-+4:5, A-P 32-8+4+1, AM 46-95-44:15,

AL 44-0+4-8, PL 51-3-+4-9, Sens, 64:4+70°0,

Trombicula (N.) scineoides (Wom. 1944)

f. ex Hollandia.

Secutum larger or smaller than above i’ .

49. Scutum larger than above,

AW 110-8+8-2, PW 124-4+0:56, SB 62-4+6:3, ASB 34°8>

4-5, PSB 33-6, SD 68-4+4-5, A-P 36-:8+3:2, AM 45-6+4-1,

AL 47:62+4:8, PL 55*623-2, Sens. 63-6+471,

Trombicula (1N.) kohlsi (Wom. 1944),

Scutum smaller than above.

AW 77:9+3°4, PW 89-1+8-2, SB 40-16-85, ASB 27-1+4-3,

PSB 25-7+3-4, SD 52-7+3-4, A-P 26-14+4-3, AM 29-4+4°6,

AL 30+8, PL 41-5+3-4, Sens. 56-0. (For other populations see

text.) Trombicula (?.N.) tovella sp. n.

50. A long nude seta on tarsi III

No long nude seta on tarsi HI .. a's a's -

51. Scutum small; shield-shaped ; with auterior margin deeply concave,

and posterior margin forming a shallow angle. Sensillae ciliated their

whole length and SB in front of PL. Als well back from shoulders

and behind AM. All setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia nude,

Coxae ITI bisetose. DS thick and strongly ciliated, to 48. long and

arranged 2.6.6(4).4(6).4.2.2.

AW 45-3+6°6, PW 46-6+-5:1, SB 18-7+2-3, ASB 28-8, PSB

22+4, SD 51-2, A-P 25-6, AM 38-4, AL 22-4, PL 41:6, Sens.

54 THT: 1. Trombicula buxtoni sp- 0,

Scutum larger, not shield-shaped, more or less recangzalatc or with

deeply curved posterior margin ct 3 : “5

52.

53.

54,

56.

RECORDS OF THE 5.A. MusEuM

Posterior scutal margin a deep curve behind line of PL with PL

nearer to AL than to posterior margin, and SB behind line of PL, All

setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia fine and nude. DS 22 in num-

ber, to 504 long, and arranged 2.8.6.4.2.

AW 81-0-82-0 (81-5), PW 90-0-91-0 (905), SB 36-0-40-0

(38-0), ASB 26-0-30-0 (28-0), PSB 20-0, SD 46-0-50-0 (48-0),

A-P 16-0, AM ?, AL 23-0-26-0 (24-5), PL 49-0, Sens. 69-0

(after Dumbleton). Trombicula naultini Dumbleton 1947.

Posterior seutal margin not so rounded except laterally, medially

rather flattened. PL nearer to posterior than to anterior margins and

SB in front of PL. All setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia (except

ventral) nude, D§.32 in number, to 40» and arranged ca. 2.6.6.6.6.4.2.

AW 65-2-72-:0 (67-5), PW 68-5-81-5 (73-9), SB 26-0-32-6

(28-2), ASB 23-4, PSB 23-4, SD 46:8, A-P 26-0-32-6, AM

39+1-45-6 (42-2), Al 39-1-45-6 (41°3), PL 42-5-65-2 (49-9),

Sens. 65°0-81°5 (72-8). Trombicula cervulicola Bwing 1931.

With more than 50 dorsal setae A ys: Li as © BA

With fewer than 50 dorsal sétae .. ae a uid -4 . 56

Dorsal setae 68-70 in number... 5D

Dorsal setae 58 in number, to 50, long and arranged 2.8.8.12.12.6.4.4.2,

Seutum rectangular between PL, and with SB very much nearer to

‘line of PL than to line of AL. Seta on palpal femur branched.

(Galeal setae stated by Walch to be 1-branched). —

AW 69-0 (72-0), PW 75-0 (80-0), SB 24-0 (22-0), ASB 27-0

(28-2); PSB 10-0 (11-0), SD 37-0 (39-2), A-P 30-0 (37-0),

AM 42-0 (37-0), AL 45-0 (51-0), PL 62:0 (51-0), Sens, 50-0

(45:0). (The values in parentheses after Walch.)

Trombicula densipiliata Walch 1923-

Sensillae ciliated distally, with bases fairly close together. Anterior

and posterior scutal margins strongly sinuate. Dorsal setae ca. 70

in number, to 30» long, arranged approximately 2,10,10.10.10.10.8.6.4.

AW 64-4, PW 87-0, SB 19-6, ASB 33-6, PSB 14-0, SD 47-6,

A-P 39-2, AM 20-0+, AL 40-0, PL 50-4, Sens. 56-0.

Trombicula taphozous sp. 0-

Sensillae only ciliated basally, wide apart and in front of line of PL.

Setae on palpal femur and genu strongly branched, on tibia all

3 nude. Anterior and posterior seutal margins at most lightly sinuate.

Dorsal setae 68 in number, to 454 long and arranged 2.10.10.16.12.10,8,

PW 85-0, SD 47-0, Sens, 58-0, PW/SD —2-3 (after Kaw. and

Yam. 1921). Trombicula corvi Kawamura and Yamaguchi 1921.

Scutum with posterior margin almost rectilinear between PL. .. 1. OT

Posterior margin of scutum not rectilinear but deep behind line of

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFiIc ScruB TYPHUS MITES 43

57. Seutum trapezoidal with AW much less than PW. Sensillae bases

nearer to line of PL; at about three-quarters of seutal depth. Setae

of palpal femur, genu and tibia all nude. DS ca. 42 in number, ta

45 long and arranged 2,8(9).8(10).8 plus about 20.

AW 48-0-52-0 (50-0), PW 65-0-69-0 (66:3), SB 22-0-23-0

(22-7), ASB ea. 33-0, PSB 11-0-12-0 (11-7), SD ca. 44-0, A-P

35-0-36-0 (85-2), AM 44-0-46-0 (45-0), AL 42-0, PL 57-0+64-0

(60-3), Sens. 65-0-68-0 (66-5). (After Philip and Traub 1950).

Trombicula tnsollé Philip and Traub 1950.

Scutum almost rectangular, with AW only slightly less than PW.

Sensillaé bases about midway between lines of AL and PL. Setae on

palpal femur and genu long branched; on tibia, dorsal nude, lateral

and ventral branched. D§ to 60p long, tapering and finely ciliated,

38-40 in number, and arranged 2.8.6,6.6.6.4.2.

AW 62-0+5-2, PW 78:3+10-5, SB 24-0, ASB 24-0, PSB 24-0,

SD 48-0, A-P 38-326-2, AM 57-0, AL 35:0+5-2, PL 62-0+

5:2, Sens. ? Trombicula leveri sp, n.

Seutum about as in insolli, with sensillae bases at about. two-thirds

distance from AL to PL. All setae of palpal femur, genu and tibia

branched. DS 32 in number, to 36 long and arranged ea 2.6.6.6.6.4.2.

AW 47-92-8, PW 61-9+8-9, SB 19-6, ASB 36-2+3-5, PSB

14:0, SD 44-2>3-5, A~P 38-148-1, AM 41-144-3, AL 42-35+

2:9, PL 47-6, Sens. 68-6. Trombicula (N.) harrisond sp. n.

. Scutum as long as wide between AL, with SB in front of line of

59,

600

PL. AL the shortest, PL the longest. All setae on palpal femur,

genu and tibia (except * ventral) nude. DS 38 in number, to 56,

long and arranged 2,8.8.8.6.4,2,

AW 58-7, PW 81-5, SB 26-1, ASB 34-5, PSB 27-6, SD 62-1, A-P

414, AM 55:2, AL 34+5, PL 76-0, Sens. —.

Trombicula piercet Hwing 1931.

Seutum distinctly wider than long 59

Seutum pentagonal we ot - 7 4 wa -» 60

Sentum not pentagonal .. 4 A. » ~=6 1

Scutum small ; its posterior angle more acute and with short internally

radiating lines. Seta on palpal femur with 2-3 short branches: on

gent nude; on tibia only the ventral branched. Dorsal setae 22 in

number, and arranged 2.6.6.4.2.2.

AW 47-6+43°8, PW 63-1+9-5, SB 17-4+3-8, ASB 20-1+5-1,

PSB 22-4, SD 42:5+5-1, A~P 17-3+3-4, AM 91°-1+5-0, AL

25:75+6-6, PL 32-3+4-4, Sens, 50-4.

Trombicula (T.) frittsi Wharton 1945,

Scutum larger, its posterior angle more obtuse, without internally

radiating lines. Setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia ag above.

Dorsal setae 44 in number, to 47 long, and arranged ca,

2.13.9.8.5.5.2.

AW 81-9+4-2, PW 98-724-2, SB 34-6+4-0, ASB 29-4-+4-8,

PSB 33-6, SD 63:0+4-8, A-P 30:8, AM 42-0+6-9, AL 42-7+

4-2, PL 54°6, Sens. 84-0. Trombicula kashmirensis spn.

44 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

61. Scutum small, posterior margin moderately deep behind line of PL Gla

Scutum larger, posterior margin not so deep behind line of PL and

more or less flattened medially .. a . .- 62

61a. Posterior margin deep behind PL, broadly rounded medially and

lightly coneave laterally, Seta on palpal femur 4-45 branched; on

genu 1-branched; on tibia all three nude, Dorsal setae stiff and short,

to 20p long, 32 in number, arranged 2.6.6.4.6.4.2.2.

AW 50-4, PW 67-2, SB 19-6, ASB 25-2, PSB 19-6, SD 44-8,

A-P 22-4, AM 19-6, AL 16-8, PL 25-2, Sens. 57-6.

Trombicua incurva sp. n.

Posterior margin not so deep, medially lightly concave. Seta on pal-

pal femur strongly branched, on genu nude, only ventral seta on

palpal tibia branched. Dorsal seta 30 in number to 40» long, tapering

and ciliated, and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2.2,

AW 50°9+13-35, PW 58-°95+13-5, SB 19-8+2-1, ASB 20-1,

PSB 10-05, SD 30-15, A-P 20-1, AM 26-8, AL 26-8, PL 30:16,

Sens, —. Trombicula vietzt sp.n,

62, Dorsal setae 28 in number, arranged 2.8,6,6.4.2, to 50, long. Palpal

femur and genu with long eurved and strongly branched setae; tibia

with all 3 setae nude. Body ovate.

AW 74-8+5-9, PW 85:0+5-5, SB 25-5+5-0, ASB 29:0+4-

PSB 17-6+2:6, SD 46:-5+5-1, A-P 29-7+1:0, AM 31-9+4-

AU 39°6+5-9, Pl 53-8+9°3, Sens, 45-25+-5°7.

Trombicula (L.) myzantha sp. n.

Dorsal setae 34 in number, arranged 2.12.8.6.4.2, to 50n long. Setae

on palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia all 3 nude. Body cor-

date, widest across: shoulders.

AW 72:6+4-0, PW 78-0+6-3, SB 24-0, ASB 32:4+4-0, PSB

15-0, SD 46-8-+4-9, A-P 30:6+4-0, AM 42-0, AL 47-4+4-0, PL

52+8+4°9, Sens. 50-0. Trombicula (2 L,) robusta (Gunther 1941).

63. PL seutal and all dorsal setae broadly foliate or phyllode-like nop “EB

All scutal and dorsal setae normal ai at os Ba .. G4

64. Palpal claw bifurcate 2 2 wt of = _ .. 65

Palpal claw trifurcate ae J es af ba -. 68

65. Scutum roughly pentagonal, with the depth of posterior margin much

greater than distance between SB and line of PL. AL setae set well

back from the rounded antero-lateral shoulders and behind AM. All

setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia nude. Coxae III bi-setose. Dor-

sal setae stiff and spine-like, curved, ca. 50 in number, to 40p long and

arranged 2.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.4.2.

AW 53-2, PW 56-0, SB 22-0, ASB 30:8, PSB 33-6, SD 64-4, A-P

28-0, AM 40-0, AL 25-2, PL 50-4, Sens. 56-0,

Trombicula rajortensis sp.n.

Scutum not pentagonal .. ., De 2. a m .. 66

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 45

66. Seutum abont as long as wide between AL. Dorsal setae thickened

basally then tapering, finely ciliated, 26 in number to 87p long and

arranged 2.8.6.6.4. Setae on palpal femur and genu nude, on tibia

only ventral branched,

AW 72:8-78-4 (aver. 74:7), PW 92°4-98-0 (94-3), SB 36-4-42-0

(38:7), ASB 44-8-47-6 (45-7), PSB 19-6-22'4 (21-5), SD 67-2,

A-P 44°:847-6 (45°7), AM 72-8-75-6 (74-2), AL 50-4-56-0

(54-1), PL 896, Sens. —,

Trombicula sylvestris Audy and Traub 1950,

Dorsal scutum much shorter than wide between AL, almost fentttinesey

but with posterior margin shallow .. a ‘ . 67

67. Setae on palpal femur and genu branched, on tibia onty dorsal cili-

ated, Posterior shallow and evenly curved behind PL. Dorsal setae

26 in number, to 53y long, and arranged 2.8.6.6.4,

AW 58-8, PW 72-8, SB 32-9, ASB 28-0, PSB 12-0, SD 40:0, A-P

22-4, AM 53-2, AL 56-0, PL 64-0, Sens, 60-0,

Trombicula muridia sp. n-

Setae on palpal femur and genu nude, on tibia only dorsal ciliated,

Posterior margin sinuous but almost rectilinear between PL. DS 28

in number to 66a long, and arranged 2.8.6,6.4.2.

AW 64-5+6°7, PW 71-3+6-7, SB 30-143:'5, ASB 25-0, PSB

11:0, SD 36-0, A-P 29-8+4-0, AM 51-5+6-9, AL 52-3+9-1,

PL 58°25+11-5, Sens. 68:55+8°8,

Trombicula bodensis (Gunther 1940).

68. Dorsal setae 40 or more in number at é& “ ty .. 69

Dorsal setae 28 to 34 in number .. a a. ‘ 70

69. Dorsal setae 40 in number, to 45 long and staal See eae

Setae on palpal femur and genu branched ; on tibia, dorsal and lateral

nude, ventral branched,

AW 70°5+5:°1, PW 83-52-9-0, SB 25-542:5, ASB 28-342:5,

PSB 13-6+2- 4, SD 41: ea 4, A-P 24-4+5-4, AM 33-2494,

AL 88-7-+10-5, PL 51-25" 4, Sens. 63-0.

Trombicula gliricolens (Hirst 1915).

Dorsal seta 54 in number, stiff and needle-like, arranged

2.10,8,10.12.6.4.2. Seta on palpal femur 2-3 long branches; on genu

1-2 long branches; on tibia, dorsal and lateral nude, ventral

branched.

AW 64:5+6-3, PW 79:5+10-9, SB 22-6+4°3, ASB 24-9+5-9,

PSB 15-3+2:-2, SD 40-2+6-2, A-P 23-6+4-1, AM 35-7525-6,

AL 27-8+6-0, PL 32-0+4-9, Sens. 56-3+11°-6.

Trombicula philip sp. n.

70, Dorsal setae of palpal tibia ciliated or branched, lateral and ventral

nude; setae on femur and genu ciliated or branched. Sensillae

slightly behind line of PL, with short ciliations or barbs basally,

ldnger distally, DS 28 in number, to G4y, arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2.

71.

72.

73.

74,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

AW 170°4, PW 78-9+9-5, SB 33-544-1, ASB 31:4+4-3, PSB

14:7+2:1, SD 46-125°2, A~-P 27-2+4-8, AM 59-5+8°5, AL 46-7

+6-2, PL 71-0+4-3, Sens. 70-4.

Trombicula (L.) burmensis (Ewing 1945),

All 3 setae of palpal tibia, as well as the setae on femur and genu

ciliated or branched. Scutum rugose, with SB in front of line of

PL and posterior margin as eyen shallow curve, DS 28 in number,

to 30h long, thick with short setulations and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2.

AW 56-7+6-9, PW 78-0, SB 18-0, ASB 21-0, PSB 18-0, SD 39-0,

A-P 20-0, AM 30-0, AL 25: 0-5: 2, PL 36-0, Sens, 50-0,

Trombicula southcotti sp. 0.

Only the ventral of the palpai tibial setae branched - . at ee 2 4

Seutum short, with PW much greater than AW, so that the angle at

AL is very obtuse; posterior margin evenly crescentic; gensillae bases

in line with PL; surface strongly rugose. Setae on palpal femur and

genu ciliated. DS 28 in number, to 40» long, and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2.

AW 58-8+5:3, PW 83'8+4:9, SB 20-2+6-1, ASB 21-0, PSB

16-75+8°7, SD 38-25+8-6, A-P, 23°5+6-2, AM 30:75+4-5, AL

27-0, PL 44-0+6°7, Sens. 50-0.

Trombicula quadriense Wom. and Heasp. 1943,

= chiraptera Wom, and Heasp, 1943, ~

Scutum more rectangular with posterior margin sinuous - rs 72

Scutum smaller, with strong sparse punctations, and sensillae behind

line of PL. Seta of palpal genu nude, DS 34 in number, short to 28,,

arranged 2,8.6.6.6,.4.2.

AW 43-2, PW 53-2, SB 16-0, ASB 21-8, PSB 7:0, SD 28-8, A-P

16-0, AM 30-0, AL 28°8, PL 35-6, Sens. —.

Trombicule pelta sp. D.

Seutum larger, surface only lightly punctate. Sensillae bases in line

with PL. Seta of palpal genu ciliated or branched. Dorsal setae 30

in number, to 50. long and arranged 2.8,6,.6.4,2.2.

AW 67°2, PW 81-2, SB 28-0, ASB 25-2, PSB 11-2, SD 36-4,

A-P 25- 2. AM 50-4, Al 44:8, PL 50:4, Sens. 56-0.

Trombicula (N.) jayeunckremei sp. n.

PL and dorsal setae aciculate-foliate with longitudinal rows of setules 74

PH and dorsal setae broadly Ehylingesie with fine apie or we

large-reticulations .. 75

Dorsal setae 32 in number, to 84:0n X 28-0, arranged 2.8.6.6.4,4.2, the

posterior rows shorter. Ventrally without any foliate setae; the setae

behind coxae IIS short, to 30 and arranged 6.6,4.2.2.2.

AW 84:0, PW 106-4-112-0, SB 50-4, ASB 33-6, PSB 22-4, SD

56°0, A~P 16-8, AM 75:0, AL 36-4, PL 84- 0 X 28:0, Sens, —

Trombicula cuneata (Traub aud Evans, 1951),

Trombiculindus cuneatus Traub and Evans, “1951.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 47

Dorsal setae 40 in number, arranged 2.6.6.8.8.6.4, not much shorter pos-

teriorly, and the first 6 between the humerals much more slender than

the rest. Ventrally behind coxae III with ca. 32 long, slender, and

fine aciculate-foliaté setae ag on the dorsum.

AW 95-2, 98-0, PW 117-6, SB 47-6, ASB 39-2, PSB 28-0, SD

67-2, A~P 28-0, AM 75:6, 72-8, Al 47-6, 53-2, PL 112-0 X 42-0,

106-8 % 42-0, Sens. —. Trombicula squamifera sp. n.

75. PU and dersal setae very broad and overlapping and entirely cover-

ing dorsum, finely punctate, 28 in number, arranged 2.8.6,6.4.2.

Ventrally behind coxae III with ca. 20 long, ciliated setae followed

by ca, 16 setae similar to those on the dorsum.

AW 88-0, PW 100-0, SB 40-0, ASB 36-0, PSB 11-0, SD 47-0,

A-P 31-0, AM 73-0, AL 67-0, PL 75-0, Sens, 80-0 54-0.

Trombicula squamosa (Radford 1947).

(== Trombiculindus squamosus Radford 1947).

PL and dorsal setae smaller, not overlapping, with large reticulations,

30 in number, arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2.2, Ventrally behind coxae [II

with 8.4.2.2. short fine ciliated setae only.

AW 70-0, PW 86-8, SB 44-8, ASB 30-8, PSB 16-8, SD 47-6,

A-P 14-0, AM 39-2, AL 36-4, PL 78-4 & 39-2, Sens. —.

_ Trombicula foliacea (Traub and Evans, 1951).

(=Trombiculindus foliaceus Traub and Evans i981)

Subgenus LEPTOTROMBIDIUM Nagayo et al 1917.

Leptotrombidium Nagayo et al., 1917, J. Exper. Med., 25, (2), 2-3. Type

Trombicula akamushi Brumpt.

The above name was used generically by Nagayo and his co-authors for

Trombicula akamushi when, on rearing the nymphs and adults they found

that these differed from the adults of other species of Trombidiids then known

to them. In a later paper, and subsequently, they dropped the name Lepto-

trombidium on realizing that the adults and nymphs conformed to Berlese’s

genus Trombicula Berl. 1904. They did not however, point out that the

Japanese species differed from the type of Trombicula (minor Berl. 1904) in

lacking eyes.

In the adult section of the present work, however, it is shown that ake-

mushi, deliensis and other allied species do not only differ from the genotype of

Trombicila s, str. in lacking eyes, but that they are also characterized by pos-

sessing distinct precoxal plates on leg I which meet in. the median line to form

a longitudinally divided sternum (as was well figured originally by Walch for

deliensis).

In 1946, Wharton stressed the fact that the two species, proven to be vectors

438 RECORDS OF THE 5,A. MUSEUM

of tsutsugamushi disease, akamushi and deliensis, together with other closely

allied species, form a small group which he termed the “‘akamushi”? group, On

the basis of the larvae, he further showed that this group might not. be con-

fined to the Asiatic-Pacific Region as he was unable to distinguish an American

species JT. myotis Ewing, except on the ornamentation of the surface of the

dorsal scutum.

Of the species here placed in Leptotrombidiwm on larval characters only,

akamusht Brumpt, pallida Nagayo et al., deliensis Walch, burmensis Ewing

and myzantha sp. 0. are also known from the adult or nymphai stages. In 1921,

Nagayo and colleagues claimed to have reared nymphs of three other Japanese

species, palpalis, intermedia and seufellaris, but were unable to separate them

from pallida or akamushi. No further studies of these species, however, appear

ta have been made. .

On larval characters the sub-genus may be diagnosed ag follows: Palpal

claw bi- or trifureate. Setae on palpal femur and genn nude; on tibia the dorsal

ciliated, the lateral and ventral (except in palpalis, etc.) nude, Galeal setae

strongly ciliated (nude in myzontha), No long nude, outstanding setae on

tersi or metatarsi of leg III. Dorsal scutum trapezoidal, Scutal and dorsal

setae long, tapering, ciliated or with fairly strong denticles,

TrompicuLa (? LeprorroMpmiumM) PALPALIS (Nagayo et al. 1919).

Trombicula palpalis Nagayo et al. 1919, Verhd. d. jap, pathol. Gesellscht.,

Tokyo. 10, 107; idem 1920, 10, 471; idem Amer, J, Hyg., 1, (5-6), 1921;

Womersley and Heaslip, 1943, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 99.

Plate 3, fig. A-F’.

A considerable number of specimens, remounted separately, from mixed

original preparations kindly given to Lt.-Col. C. B. Philip by Dr. T. Tamiya,

from Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, have been studied.

This species, which is as yet unknown outside of Japan, agrees with the

following four species in not having the PL setae placed distinctly at the

postero-lateral corners of the scutum. It differs from these, and the preceding

three species also, in that the ventral seta on the palpal tibia is branched and

in having the seta of coxae III placed on the anterior coxal margin. Other

specifie differences lie in the number and arrangement of the dorsal setae.

Over thirty remounted specimens, from Okiage and Orato in Yamagata

Prefecture, Sept. to Dee, 1920, have been studied. On the original slides this

species was indicated by the sign (.f) ) or sko, translated by Mr. N, B. Tindale

as meaning ‘‘small” and presumably referring to the more slender dorsal seta

than in pallida, No recent material has been seen,

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PacIFIC SCRUB TyPHuUS MITES’ 49

Re-deseription of Larvae (mainly after Nagayo). Colour in life orange

red. Shape oval. Length (unengorged) to 264u, width to 172,. Seutum rece-

tangular with PL at the posterior corners; the posterior margin deep behind

SB, straight medially and strongly curved laterally; the anterior margin sinu-

ous; sensillae filamentous, nude on proximal fourth, strongly ciliated on distal

three-fourths, bases slightly behind line of PL; Pi setae the longest. Eyes 2 + 2,

close to Jateral borders of scutum. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid

eap. Galeal setae strongly ciliated. Palpi stout, with trifurcate tibial claw;

all setae on femur, genu and tibia, except the dorsal and ventral on tibia, nude.

Dorsal setae, more slender and tapering than in pallida or intermedia but still

with rather strong setules, to 5lp long, ca, 44 in number, and arranged

2.10,10.10.6.4.2. Ventral setae similar to dorsal, one on each coxa with that

of coxae III placed on anterior margin, a pair of setae between coxae I and

between coxse III and thereafter ca. 45 setae, Legs as long as and similar

to pallida. -

The Standard Data derived from 28 specimens are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

; Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 65-50-44 9:84240-31 58°5-72-5 63-0-70+0 3-6

PW 70-30-41 2-45+0-30 63-6-77-0 66+0-75°0 3-2

8B 29-80-26 1+37-+06-18 25+7-33-9 27°0-33-0 4-6

ASE 24+0 No variation recorded

PSB 15-0 No variation recorded

SD 39-6 No variation recorded

A-P 18°50-24 1-27+0°-17 14-7-22-3 15-0-21°0 7:0

AM 46-4220-44 2-24+0-31 39-7-53-1 42-0-51-0 4:8

AL 36-50-32 1:70%20°23 31-4-41-6 33+0-42°0 4:6

PL 58-1+0+46 2°4220-32 50-+8-65°4 54-0-63-0 4-2

Sens. G7 -0%1-22 Be 74hO+B7 58+8-75-2 65-0-70-0 4-1

TromBIcuLA (? LepTroTROMEIDIUM)KEUKENSCHRIJVERI Walch 1923.

Trombicula keukenschrijvert Walch 1923, Tr. Vth. Bien. Cong. Far East. Assoc.

Trop. Med., 583, Singapore (1924); Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr.

Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 19438.

Trombicula (Trombicula) kheukenschrijveri, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das

Tierreich, Lfg., 71b, 268.

Plate 3, fig. G—J.

This species was originally described from a single specimen on man at

Deli in Sumatra. Until now, no further specimens appear to have been

recorded.

Recently, however, Dr. J, R. Audy has forwarded me a slide from amongst

the Gater material left. at the I.M.R., Kuala Lumpur, and labelled by Gater as

50 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

keukenschrijveri, and also a number of freshly collected specimens from Kuala

Lumpur, which agree with this species.

A fresh description based on this material is.as follows:

Larvae. Shape oval. Length (engorged) to 495p, width to 420». Sentum

as figured, with the posterior corners well rounded, and PL about ‘midway

between the anterior and posterior sental margins; seutal setae relatively thin

and shortly ciliated; AL the shortest, PL the longest; sensillae filamentous and

ciliated on distal half, the bases behind line of PL, Byes 2+ 2, posterior

the smaller, Chelicerae simple, with only the apical tricuspid cap. Palpi

stout, tibial claw trifurcate; setae on femur and genu nude; on tibia, dorsal

ciliated or branched; lateral and ventral nude. Dorsal setae 2.12.10.4.10.8.4 =

50, to 45p, (Walch gives 13,4.6.8.11.8.4, but figures them as 2.12.4.10.4.10.8.4.)

Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae IIT and thereafter ca. 46 sctae to 40, long.

Legs 7-segmented, I 234y long, II 208, ITI 260,; tarsi I and II with usual dorsal

sensory rod; no long nude seta on tarsi III.

The Standard Data derived from 6 of the above specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 58-8 No variation recorded

PW 68-60-63 1-53 40°44 6§4-0-73-2 67+2-70-0 2-2

8B 28-9+0°47 1°14+0-33 25-6-32+3 28-0-30-8 4-0

ASE 27-10-59 1-440 +42 228-314 25-2-28-0 5-3

PSR 11-2 No variation recorded

8D 38-30-59 1-440:42 34-0-42.6 36-4-39-2 3-8

A-P 23-30-59 1+44+0+42 19-+0-27-6 22-4252 6-2

AM 51-51-43 3°19>1-01 41-9-61-1 47-6-56-0 6-2

AL 44-80-88 1-98*+0+63 38*9-H0-7 42+0-47-6 4-4

PL 54-9--0°69 1°5340-48 50 +3-59°5 53+ 2-560 2:8

Seus. 61-641-14 2-29+0-81 54°8-68-4 58-8-64-4 3:7

Remarks. This species in the trifurcate palpail claw, the setation of the

palpi, and the ciliated galeal setae belongs to the ‘‘akamushz’’? group of Whar-

ton, referred here to the subgenus or genus Leptotrambidium Nagayo. In the

broadly rounded postero-lateral corners of the scutnm it is closely related to

pallida Nagayo from Japan, but distinctly differs in the structure of the scutal

and dorsal setae.

Tromeicuta (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) PALLYDA (Nagayo et al. 1919).

Trombicula pallida Nagayo et al. 1919, Verhdl. d. jap. pathol. Gesellsch.,

Tokyo, 9, 107; idem, 1921, Amer. J. Hyg., 1, (5-6), 569; Womersley and

Heaslip 1943, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 75.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 51

Plate 3, fig. K-P.

In addition to the material reported upon in 1943 (Womersley and Heas-

lip) over 60 specimens remounted singly from slides of mixed species given to

Lt.-Col. C. B. Philip by Dr. T. Tamiya have now been studied. The material

was collected by Nagayo and his colleagues in 1919 and 1920 from Yamagata

Prefecture, Japan, the localities, as translated for me by Mr. N. B, Tindale

being Arato, Okiage, and Nukanome.

On these slides which contained specimens of pallida, this species was indt-

eated by the character for “‘dai’’ (7), meaning “‘big’’ or ‘‘great,’’ and pre-

sumably referring to the big (or thick) dorsal setae.

In addition to the above material, 13 other specimens, 5 from a vole

Microtus montebelli from Agamo River, Niigata Prefecture, and 8 from Apo-

demus speciosus trom Yacki, Yamagata Pref., all collected by Lt.-Col. G, B.

Philip in 1945, have been examined. No material referable to this species has

so far been seen from anywhere outside of Japan.

Trombicula pallida is here placed in the subgenus Leptotrombidium on

the characters of the adult. In the larval stage it differs from its nearest allies,

keukenschrijvert, intermedia, etc., as given in the key, and particularly in the

number and charatter of the dorsal setae.

A re-description of the larvae (mainly after Nagayo), together with the

Standard Data, derived from 31 specimens, is as follows:

Larvae. Shape oval. Colour in life orange red. Length (unengorged) to

264, width to 1724. Sentum rectangular with anterior Margin sinuous and

slightly convex medially; posterior margin slightly concave medially; PL situ-

ated about midway between AL and extreme posterior margin and not at the

postero-lateral corners, which are well rounded; sensillae filamentous, with

minute barbs ou proximal third, and strong numerous ciliations on distal two-

thirds; sensillae bases slightly behind line of PL. Scutal setae stout, blunt,

with strong denticulations. Eyes 2+ 2, close to lateral margins of scutium,

posterior the smaller, Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal

setae strongly ciliated. Palpi stout, somewhat angular basally; tibial claw

trifurcate; all setae on femur, genu and tibia nude, except the dorsal tibial.

Dorsal setae stout, strongly denticulate, blunt and shorter than in palpalis,

keukenschrijvert, ete., to 432 long, ca. 70 in miimber, and arranged ea,

2.14(12).12(14).12.10.8.6.4.2. Ventrally the setae are similar to the dorsal,

a pair (of longer branched ones) on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae IIT, and thereafter approx. 50 in number, Legs:

1 190, long, IT 160p, III 200,; tarsi I and IT with dorsal sensory rod, III with-

out any Jong nude seta.

52 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusEuM

The Standard Data for 31 specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Obszerved Coatt, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 70°50+30 1+70+0-21 65°4-75+6 66 -0-75-0 aed

PW 76-750-57 3-2020-42 67-15--86-35 72-0-85-0 42

SB 35-60°33 1-830-23 30+1—-44+1, 33-0-29-0 Bel

ASB 26-70-16 0+89+0-11 24*0-29 +4 24-0-27:0 33

PSB 14-80-10 0-590-07 13+0-16°6 13+0-15:0 4-0

sD 41-50-18 1-010-13 38-5-44+5 39+0-42-0 ga

A~P 19-00-28 1-2640:16 15-0+23-0 18+0-31:0 6:6

AM 49-8F0-36 1-860-26 44-39-55 -4 48-0-54-0 3-8

AL 42+150-31 1:740°22 36-9-47-4 40+0-45+0 4-1

PL 5334042 2-32+0-30 46-3--00-2 50+0-57+0 4-4

Sens. 71-50-76 2-41+0+54 64-3-78-7 70-0-75-0 3-4

TromBicuLa (LepToTromswium) INTERMEDIA (Nagayo et al. 1920).

Trombicula intermedia Nagayo et al, 1920, Verhdl. d, jap. pathol. Gesellscht.,

Tokyo, 10, 471; idem Amer. J, Hyg., 1, (5-6), 569, 1921; Womersley and

Heaslip, Trans. Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 90 1943.

Plate 3, fig. Q.

Re-deseription of Larvae (after Nagayo et al. 1920). Shape oval. Colour

in life orange red. Length to 264, width to 172y. Seutum rectangular, with

posterior corners well rounded, and PL about midway between anterior and

posterior borders. Seusillae about in line or slightly behind line of PL, proximal

third with minute barbs, distal two-thirds strongly ciliated. Normal secutal

setae stout, with strong denticles, but not so heavy as in pallida, Eyes 2+ 2,

the posterior the smaller. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal

setae ciliated.. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifurcate; setae on palpal femur,

genu and tibia all nude, except dorsal on tibia. Dorsal.setae very thick, blunt,

and strongly denticulate, 38-40 in number, arranged 2.10.8.8.6.4.2(0), to 57p

long. Ventral setae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between

coxae III and thereafter ca, 34 similar to dorsal. Legs as in pallida; tarsi I and

II probably with the usual dorsal rod or spur, IIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data (after Nagayo ef al. 1920, and Womersley and Heas-

lip 1939 )are: AW 53-0, PW 60-0, SB 22-5, ASB 23-5, PSB 23-0, SD 46:5,

A-P 18-0, AM 53-0, AL 41-0, PL 57-0, Sens, 65-0.

Remarks. Amongst the Japanese material which I have been able to study,

it has not been possible to identify any specimens with certainty, as intermedia

Nagayo et al,

Kuwato, Berge and Philip 1950, however, record specimens from ‘‘indigen-

ous small animal hosts’’ from North slopes of Mount Fuji, Fujino Susono

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 53

(Gatemba), Oct. 1948 (Major T. L. Berge), along with 7’. akamushi, palpalis,

pallida, seutellaris, and a new species 7. fuji, as well as a Gahrijepia sp,

These authors give the following Standard Data for two specimens of

intermedia, the values of which are higher than those quoted above, as inter-

polated by Womersley and Heaslip 1943, from the published figures of Nagayo

et al.

AW PW 8B ASB PSB SD AP AM AL PL Sens,

71:5 78:5 34-0 — 12:55 — 24-5 50-5 415 55-0 62-0

69-0 79:0 33°55 — 12-5 — 23:5 49-2? 38:2 54-5 59-2

These higher values are probably more indicative of the measurements to be

expected,

Tromeicuua (? Leprotrompwium) Fugt Kuwato Berge and Philip 1950.

Trombicula (Leptotrombidiwm) fuji Kuwato, Berge and Philip 1950, J. Para-

sitology, 36, (1), 80).

Plate 4, fig, A-C.

This interesting species, which on larval characters was placed by. the

authors in the subgenus Leptoirombidium, was described from larvae from

Apodemus speciosus spectosus Temminck and Schlegel, Microtus montebelli

montebelli Milne-Edwards, and Uretrichus talpoides hondonis Thomas, from

the Fujino Maneuver Area near the base of Mt. Fuji, south-west of Tokyo,

Japan, in Oct. 1948,

In June, 1949, further specimens were obtained from Apodemus speciosus

and A, geisha Thomas, in the same area,

Larvae, Size (fully engorged) 5152 wide by 670u long. Colour in life

pale reddish yellow. Seutum small, roughly rectangular, sparsely punctate,

with SB well behind line of PL, and the posterior corners well rounded with

PL not at the corners but much nearer to AL. Sensillae filamentous, strongly

ciliated on distal two-thirds and minutely barbed basally. PL more than twice

as long as AL and strongly ciliated. Eyes 2+ 2, posterior the smaller. Palpal

tibial claw trifurcate; setae on femur and genn nude, dorsal ciliated. Dorsal

setae 30-32 in number, from 50p long anteriorly to 380, posteriorly, barbed, and

arranged ca, 2.8.6.6.2.6.2. with slight variation. Ventrally, all coxae 1-setose, a

pair of braviched setae on maxillae, a pair between coxae I and between

coxae III, and thereafter ca. 24 small preanal and 18 longer postanal setac.

Legs all T-segmented; no long nude seta on tarsi III.

The Standard Data for the type and 9 paratypes us given by the authors

are:

54 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

AW PW 8B A-P SD PSB PI-SB AM AL PL Sense.

Type 50-5 52 a4 14 30-5 10-5 29'5 «628-5 BL 405

Extremes 44-50 48-55 21-24 13-14 30-37 10-15 10-11 26-30 23-27 45-48 33-40

Mean 49 51-38 23 13:4 33-98 12-2 10-2 27:5 25:5 46:8 35-9

Remarks. When the adults and/or nymphs of this species become known

the assignment of the larvae to Leptotrombidium will probably be confirmed.

The figures given in this paper are re-drawn from the author’s published

figures, that of the scutum being at a magnification of 500 times for comparison

with other species.

TromeBicuua (? LeprorromMeinmum) LANCBOLATA sp. nu. Lawrence in MS,

Plate 4, fig. D-I.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (engorged) to 425,, width to

357%. Seutum trapezoidal, with posterior lateral corners well rounded, and PL

about midway between AL and posterior margin; surface finely punctate; sen-

sillae filamentous, finely barbed on basal half and ciliated on distal half,

bases. fairly wide apart and well behind line of PL. Hyes 2+ 2, closely adja-

cent to scutum and posterior the smaller, Chelicerae not serrate, with only the

apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae strongly branched. Palpi stout, tibial claw

trifurcate; setae on palpal femur and genu, and ventrally and laterally on

tibia nude, dorsally on tibia branched, Dorsal setae thick, with strong denticles,

28 in number, arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2, to 58p long. Ventrally, with a pair of

ciliated or branched setae on maxillae, a slender ciliated. seta on each coxa, a

pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 13-14 fine

ciliated setae, followed by 6.4.2. setae similar to but smaller than the dorsal

setae. Legs all 7-segmented, I 260, long, II 227p, ITI 273; tarsi I and IT

with the usual dorsal sensory rod, III without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data derived from nine specimens are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 58-50-98 2-95-+0-69 49-7-857°3 53-2-61-6 5-0

PW 69-40-78 2232-055 62-4-76-4 67 -2-72°8 3-4

8B 31-1+0°53 1-°61+0°38 26-3-35-8 -28+0-83-6 5-1

ASB 28-0 No variation ratorded

PSB 11-2 No variation recorded

8D 39-3 No variation recorded

A-P 20+850-49 1:4720-35 16-4-25-3 196-22 -4 70

AM 40-80-83 2-20+0-59 34°2-47+4 39+2-44.8 54

ALL : 50-40-93 2-800-66 42-0-58-8 47*6-56+0 5/6

PL 56°0+0-47 1-4620+47 51-8~-60+2 53+2-58-8 2°5

Sens. 68+3-1+12 2-50+0-79 60-8=75-8 64-4-70-0 3-7

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 55

Loc. and Hosts, The above description is drawn up from nine specimens

from Nesokia bengalensis and Rattus norvegicus from Insein, Paungde and

Prome in Southern Burma, collected by T. H. Lawrence 1945.

These specimens were amongst the material deposited in the British

Museum (N.H.) by Lawrence and marked in his list as ‘“‘lanceo’’ but uo

description appears to have been made by him.

Remarks, In the setation of the palpi, galeal setae, the shape of the

scutum and the structure of the dorsal setae, this species is very close to

intermedia Nagayo et al. from Japan. It also agrees with that species in the

Standard Data, but differs in the number of dorsal and ventral setae, and

from Nagayo’s figures,in that the ventral setae are not all alike and similar to

dorsal. In lanceolata only the 3 posterior rows of setae conform to the dorsal

structure.

Tromprcuna (LrprotROMBIDIUM) PARAPALPALIS Sp. nL.

Plate 10, fig. A-E. .

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (unengorged) 286p, width

182». Scutum wider than Jong, finely punctate; anterior margin lightly

concave; posterior margin fairly deep behind line of PL, laterally and medially

slightly coneave; sensillae bases fairly wide apart and behind line of PL.

Eyes 2+ 2, posterior the smaller, on ocular shields. Chelicerae with only the

apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae branched or ciliated. Palpi stout, tibial

claw trifurcate; seta on palpal femur and genu nnde, on tibia both dorsal and

ventral branched or ciliated, Dorsal setae 52 in number, arranged ca

2.18.12.12.8.4.2, to 564 long, and tapering with fairly long ciliations. Vent-

rally with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxae, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 40 setae to 36n. Legs:

I 285, IT 2604, WI 312y; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, III without

any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 5 paratypes are-

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean bs Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 76-10-86 2-11+0-61 69-8-g2-4 73+8-78<4 2-7

PW 86-81-25 3-07+0-88 77*6-96-0 84-0-92°4 3-5

8B 35+520-59 1450-42 31-2--39+8 33 -6~-36-4 4°0

ASB 80°8 No variation recorded

PSB 14:0 No variation recorded

SD 44.8 No variation recorded

A-P 25°2 No variation, recorded

AM 63-820°56 1-250-40 60-0-67-6 G1-6-64-4 2-0

AL 48+§xb0-53 1-44-40:42 44-9-52-8 47-6-50-4 3-0

PL 63-80-56 1+25+-0-40 60. 0-67-6 61-6-64-4 2-0

Sens. 85-4 (Mean of 84:0 und 86:8), Only two determinations.

56 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Loc. and Hosts. The type and 5 paratypes from a rat, from Kanzalwan,

Kashmir, India, 1949 (8. L. Kalra), and 3 other specimens from rat from

Gurais, Kashmir, 1949 (§.L.K.).

Remarks. Somewhat closely related to palpalis, but much more sa to maca-

cus sp. n. Lawrenee, in the palpal setation, the shape of the scutum and the

number and arrangement of the dorsal setae. From macacus, however, it can

be separated as in the key on the larger scute, and more particularly on the

different structure of the dorsal setae, These are tapering with long ciliations,

whereas in macacus they are almost uniformly thick to the apex with strong

setules rather than ciliations.

TROMBICULA (? LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) MACACUS 8p. Nn.

Trombicula n. sp. ‘F.’? Lawrence in MS. In Audy 1947, ‘‘Serub Typhus

Investigations in §.E. Asia, Pt, III. Appendix 7.’” AMD. 7. War Office,

London.

Plate 5, fig. A-F.

Description of Larvae, Shape oval. Colour in life unknown. Length

260, width 182». Seutum trapezoidal with the anterior margin lightly sinu-

ous, PL at the postero-lateral angles, posterior margin not very deep behind

line of PL and straight medially, sensillae in line with or slightly anterior of

line of PL, sensillae filamentous and ciliated distally, Chelicerae with only

the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae feathered or ciliated. Palpi stout, tibial

claw trifurcate; setae on palpal femur and genu nude, on tibia both dorsal and

ventral branched; lateral nude. Byes 2-4 2, posterior the smaller. Dorsal

setae moderately stout and blunt with strong denticles, to 40x long, and

arranged 2.10.8.10.8.6.4.2, Ventrally all coxae unisetose, a pair between coxae I

and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 50, which, except for the 2 or 3

posterior Tows, are much more slender and tapering than the dorsal setae.

Legs: I 227» long, II 200n, IIL 2474; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sen-

sory rod {‘‘spur’’ of Brennan and Wharton) ; III without any long unde seta

on tarsi or metatarsi.

Standard Data are: AW 64-4, PW 75-6, SB 30-8, ASB 28-9, PSB 11-2,

SD 39-3, A-P 26-2, AM 47-6, AL 40-0, PL 50-4, Sens. 61-6,

Loc. and Hosts. A single specimen from Macacus assamensis, Imphal, 8

December, 1945 (T. J, Lawrence).

Remarks, In having the ventral as well as the dorsal seta of the palpal

tibia branched, this species is closely related to pelpelis Nagayo. It differs in

the structure of the dorsal setae as well as in their number and arrangement,

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 57

and also in that, except for the two or three posterior rows, the ventral setae

ure very much more slender and finer than the dorsal setae, which is not the

ease in palpalis.

TromapicuLa (? LerrorROMBIDIUM) PUTA Sp, 4X.

Plate 10, fig. F—J.

Description of Larvae. Length (unengorged) 260g, width 195p. Shape

broadly oval. Scutum more or less rectangular, wider than long, with pos-

terior margin fairly deep behind line of PL; SB in line with or very slightly

behind line of PL; AM well back from anterior margin; AM and AL tapering

and normally ciliated, PL stout with strong denticles. Eyes 2+ 2, posterior

the smaller. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae

branched or ciliated. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifurcate; seta on palpal femur

and genu nude, on tibia only the ventral branched. Dorsal setae stout, blunt,

with strong edges furnished with strong denticles, 50 in number to 36-40,

long, and arranged 4.10.8.2.8.8.6.2.2. Le, two humeral setae on each side.

Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter 6.6.4.6.4.2; all ventral

setae fine and tapering with ciliations, except the posterior 3 rows which are

similar to the dorsal setae, to 36 long, Legs; I 227 long, II 208, IIL 240y;

tarsi I and ITI with usual dorsal sensory rod, IIT without any long nude seta.

Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 75:6, PW 81:2, SB 36-4,

ASB 28-0, PSB 15-4, SD 43-4, A-P 25-2, AM 42°0, AL 36:4, PL 42-0,

Sens, —.

Loc. and Host. A single specimen from a rat from Kanzalwan, Kashmir,

India, 12 Oct,, 1948 (8. L. Kalra).

Remarks. This species probably falls into the subgenus Leptotrombidium

and comes near to macacus sp.n. from which it differs in the two humeral

setae on each side, in the form of the dorsal setae, and other details as in the

key. The dorsal setae are also very similar to those found in T. fordi sp. n.

Lawrence, and 7’. traubi sp. n.

TROMBICULA ($ LEPTOTROMEIDIUM) DUX, sp. u.

Plate 5, fig. G-L.

Description of Larvae. Size large; length (engorged) 890,, width 780,,

Shape almost round. Scutum large, rectangular, with surface irregularly

shagreened ; anterior margin concave, posterior margin convex but lightly con-

caye medially; AM missing but its base well behind ALL; PL at the postero-

58 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

lateral corners; sensillae filamentous, ciliated on distal two-thirds, bases only

very slightly behind line of PL. Hyes 2+ 2, indistinct and away from

seutal margins. Chelicerae non-serrate, with only the apical tricuspid cap.

Galeal setae strongly ciliated or branched. Palpi stout, femur angulate, tibial

claw trifurcate; all setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia, except dorsal tibial,

nude. Dorsal setae numerous, relatively short, from 40» anteriorly to 502

posteriorly, approximately 86. in number, and arranged in rows of 2.14.14. plus.

Ventrally with a pair of ciliated maxillary setae, one on each coxa, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 56; from 3Cp long

anteriorly to 584 posteriorly, and more slender and tapering than the dorsal

setae, Anal orifice not visible. Legs all 7-segmented, 1 broken short in type,

II 325p long, III 385.4; tarsi IL with usual dorsal sensory rod; III without

‘any long nude seta on tarsi.

The Standard Data of the unique type are: AW 99-2, PW 121-6, SB

51-2, ASB 41-6, PSB 16:0, SD 57-6, A-P 35-2, AM —, Ai, 56-0, PL 70-4,

Sens. 96-0.

Loc. and Host, A single specimen from a brown rat at Ranikhet, Kumaon

Hills, India, 20 Oct., 1946 (S. L. Kalra), 11 other specimens from a ‘‘ mouse”

from Baltal, Kashmir, N. India, along with 7. squamifera sp. n, These speci-

mens have the following Standard Data:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 95-71-01 3°-3440°71 85-7-105-7 92.+4-100-8 35,

PW 107+4-1-41 4-6720-99 93+4-121-4 100-8-112-0 463

SB 44-00-38 1°250°27 40+3-47-7 42-0-44-8 2-8

ASB 34-13-23 1-08=40-23 30-9-37-3 33°6-36"4 3-2

PSB 19-140+32- - 1080-23 15-9-22-3 16:3-19°6 5:6

8D 53+2 No variation recorded

A-P 30-5 No variation recorded

AM 62-4-£0-57 1-79+0°40 57+0-67-8 58-8644 2-9

AL 48+22b0+52 3°O141-73 43-0-53-4 47-68-53 -2 3-6

PL 67-50-82 2+450-58 60+2-74-8 64,4-70-0 3-6

Sens. 81-21-61 10-413 +23 71:5-90-9 78° 484-0 4-0

Remarks. In the palpal claw and setae, and the galeal setae this species

comes into the genus Leptotrombidium (akamushi-deliensis group of Trombi-

cula 8.1.), but differs in size, dorsal setae etc., as in the key.

Tromprcuna (f LeprorromBinium) scuTeLLaris (Nagayo et al, 1920).

Trombicula scitellaris Nagayo et al, 1920. Verhdl. d. jap. pathol. Gesellsch.,,

Tokyo, 10, 471; idem Amer, J. Hyg., 1, (5-6), 569, 1921; Womersley and

Heaslip, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 88, 1943, Kuwato, Berge and

Philip 1950, J. Parasitol., 36, (1), 82.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC. SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 59

Plate 6, fig. A-E.

Again no fresh material of this species has been reported until recently,

when Kuwato, Berge and Philip 1950, recorded it from near the base of

Mt. Fuji, near Tokyo, Japan. Amongst the slides of the original Nagayo

material brought back by Lt.-Col. C. B. Philip, however, were a number of

specimens from Okiage, Arato and Nukanome, all in Yamagata Prefecture,

and dated Sept, 1919 and Sept. 1920.

The above specimens are in full agreement with Nagayo’s description and

were indicated on the slides by the ideograph (gy), or ‘‘shin,’? translated by

Mr. N. B. Tindale as meaning ‘‘new’’ or ‘‘fresh,’’ thus indicating a new

species.

Re-description of Larvae (mainly after Nagayo). Shape oval, Colour in

life orange red. Length (unengorged) 264,, width to 172. Seutum roughly

rectangular, with PL at the postero-lateral corners; sensillae filamentous, basal

third with sparse minute barbs, distal two-thirds strongly ciliated, bases in line

with PL, Seutal setae slender, tapering, with ciliations. Hyes 2+ 2, close to

the postero-lateral corners of seute. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid

cap. Galeal setae strongly feathered. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifurcate; all

setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia (except dorsal) nude, ‘Dorsal setae

slender, to 51-69 long, with stout setules, to 50 in number and arranged

2,10.10(12).10(8).8.6.4. Ventral setae behind coxae TI, ea. 24 in number,

shorter than but similar to dorsal setae. Tarsi of leg III without any long

nude seta.

The Standard Data derived from 23 specimens from Arato, Okiage and

Nakanome, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, Sept. 1919 and Sept. 1920, are as

follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed § Cooaff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 72-40-42 2-04+0°30 66-3-78°5 70-0-750 2-8

PW 82°20°+72 4-46240-51 71-8-92:6 75-0-88-0 4-2

SR 32-20-41 1960-29 26-3-38+1 30-0-36+0 6-1

ASR 29-10-38 1'82+0°27 23-6-34-6 24.0-32°0 6-2

PSB 15+1+0-08 0-21-20-06 13-9-16-2 15-0-17-0 2:7

8D 44-0-b0-40 1-9420-28 38-3-49-7 39-0-47 -0 4+5

A-P 2830-40 1'p4+0-29 $2'5-34-1 24+0-30-0 6-8

AM 59-80+36 1-550-26 55-2644 57 -0-63-0 2:6

AL 50-60-78 3-60=0- 64 39-8-61-4., 42-0-57-0 T-1

PL 64-30-52 2-44+0-37 57-0-71-6 60-0-69-0 3-8

Sens. 77°7540-67 1-91+0-48 72-0-83°5 75-0-80-0 2-3

60 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Tromsicuta (? LerpTorroMEWDIuM) villosa sp. n.

Plate 7, fig. A-E.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Colour in life orange. Length (par-

tially engorged) to 8325p, width to 208. Scutum roughly rectangular,

with AL and PL at the anterior and posterior lateral corners, anterior margin

lightly concave, posterior margin not very deep behind PL with the median

part straight, SB in line with or slightly behind line of PL; sensillae missing

in all specimens but probably filamentous. Eyes 2-+2, on oeular shields,

about equal. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae

feathered or branched, Palpi stout; tibial claw bifureate; setae on femur,

genu and tibia all nude except the dorsal on tibia. Dorsal setae to 58» long,

very numerous, long, slender, tapering and ciliated, more than 100 in number

and arranged 2, then ca,.10 rows of ca. 14 setae. Ventrally a pair of ciliated

setae on maxillae, each coxae unisetose, a pair of setae between coxae I and

between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 100 setae. Legs all 7-segmented; J 312,

long, II 260», IIT 8325p; tarsi I and II with usual dorsal sensory rod, JIT with-

out any long nude seta,

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 88-51-12 2-50+0-79 - 81:0-96-0 86-8-92-4 2-8

PW 103 +0=1:63 3-6541+15 92+1-113-9 98 *0-106-4 345

SB. 41-20-56 1°250+40 37-5-44+9 39-2-42-0 3°0

ASB 35-80-56 1-250-40 32-1-39-5 33-6-36-4 3:5

PSB 13°4+0-56 1-250°40 9-7-17-1 11-2-14-0 9-4

8D 49:3+1-12 2-5040-79 41-3-56°8 44°8-50-4 5-0

A-P 34‘7220:68 1-5340°48 30-1-39+3 33-6-36-4 4-4

AM 75-6-40-88 1-88+0-+63 72°7-78-5 72-8-78 "4 2-6

AL 62°20-56 1*25+0-40 58-4-66"0 61-6-64-4 2-0

PL 72-01-05 2°3440°74 63 +0-81-0 70-0-75+6 3-2

Sens No determination. Sensillae lost.

Loc. and Host, From a rat, Ranikhet, Kumaon Hills, India, 20 Oct. 1946,

(S. L. Kalra).

TrompiouLa (? LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) BHIMTALENSIS sp. 0.

Plate 7, fig. F-I.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Size moderate, length (engorged)

665, width 5602, Seutum rectangular, finely punctate; anterior margin sinu-

ously concave; AM placed well behind line of AL; posterior margin shallow

and strongly sinuous; Pl setae the longest; sensillae missing but bases about

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPuus MITEs 61

in line with PL. Eyes 2+ 2, but very indistinct. Chelicerae missing. Galeal

setae branched. Palpal claw bifid; setae on palpal femur and genu nude; on

tibia dorsal and ventral branched, lateral nude. Dorsal setae ciliated, to 54

long and arranged 2.10.8.6.4.2. Ventrally with paired| setae on maxillae, one

on each ¢oxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae |III (all these are miss-

ing and only represented by the seta bases), and thereafter ca. 20, to 35, long.

Legs: I 240p long, II 240», III 270; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod,

IIT without any long nude seta. -

Standard Data: AW 70-4, PW 83-2, SB 35-2, ASB 30-0, PSB 19-6,

SD 42-6, A-P 28-8, AM 32-0, Al 41-6, PL. 48-0, Sens,|—.

Loc. and Host. The unique type from a shrew, Bhimtal, Kumaon Hills,

India, 10 Oct, 1946 (S, L. Kalra).

Remarks. Can be separated as in the key to species,

TROMBIOULA (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) LONGISETA sp. 0.

Trombicula n. sp, ‘'L.”? Lawrenee in M8. 1947, In J. R.|Audy, ‘‘Serub Typhus

Investigations in 8.E. Asia, Pt. III. Appendix 7.’ | AMD, 7. War Office,

London,

Plate 8, fig. A-E.

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length (wnmengorged) 285,,

width 185. Scutum rectangular, with PL at the celui corners, and

very long, and posterior margin rather shallow behind] line of PL and only

lightly concave, almost straight medially; surface finely punctate; AM not

very much behind line of AL; sensillae filamentous, and ciliated distally with

the bases distinctly behind line of PL, Eyes 2-+ 2, |posterior the smaller.

Chelicerae non-serrate, with only the apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae

ciliated. Palpal claw bifureate; setae on palpal femut and genu nude; on

tibia, dorsal ciliated and lateral and ventral nude. Dorsal setae 28, long and

tapering, to 704, and arranged 2,8.6,6.4.2, Ventrally with the usual pair of

ciliated maxillary setae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between

eoxae IIT, and thereafter ca. 28 in number, arranged ca. 10.8.6.4, to 50p long.

Legs all 7-segmented: I 227 long, II 227, III 241y; tarsi I and II with dorsal

sensory rod, III without any long nude seta,

The Standard Data derived from 14 specimens, 1 larva from Myitkyina,

Burma, 1945 (G, M. Kohls, No, 740), 3 larvae fro Imphal, India, 1945

(T. J. Lawrenee and K. L. Cockings), and 10 larval| pelts recovered from

reared nymphs by Cockings (larvae from Imphal, 1945)| are as follows:

62 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range _ Range Variation

AW 59-90-52 1-9640:37 54-0-65-8 57-6-64-0 3-3

PW 71*50-61 2°300°43 64-6-78-4 67-2-76-8 3'2

8B 26+754%0+42 1-59+0:+360 22-0-81-5 25-6-28-8 5-9

ASB 32-0 No variation recorded.

PSB 9-6 No variation recorded.

sD 41-6 No variation recorded.

A-P 25°6 No variation recorded.

AM 55-50-98 3:68+0°68 44°5-66-5 §1-2-64-0 6-6

AL 55-10-60 2°24+0742 48-4-6§1-8 51-2-57-6 4-0

PI. 108-3+2-14 8-00=1°51 84-3-132°3 96-0-128-0 7-4

Seng, 69-80-41 1-2320-29 66+1-73+5 67-6-70°4 4-7

Remarks, This species might be regarded as only a variant of deliensis

with very long PL setae. It differs, however, in having the palpal claw only

bifurcate.

It is herewith placed in Leptotrombidium on the precoxal plates in the

reared nymphs, as described elsewhere in this paper.

TROMBICULA (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) DELIENSIS (Walch 1923).

Trombicula deliensig Walch 1923, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med. 5, (3), 63;

idem, 1923. Tr. Vth. Bien. Congr. Far Hast. Assoc. Trop. Med., Singapore

(1924) ; Womersley and Heaslip 1943; Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 87;

Womersley 1944, ibid,, 68, (1), 90.

Trombicula vanderghinstei Gunther 1940, Proe, Linn. Soc., N. 8. Wales, 65,

(3-4) 250; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1),

87.

Trombicula Walchi Womersley and Heaslip 1948, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 67,

(1), 883; Womersley 1944; ibid., 68, (1), 89.

Plate 6, fig. F—L-

This is a common and widely distributed species ranging from Kashmir

and India, south-eastwardly to the Philippines, and from Ceylon south-east-

wardly through Burma, Malaya, New Guinea, to the Solomon Islands and

Northern Queensland. As a known vector in the transmission of the rickettsia

of serub typhus from rats to man it is of very great importance medically.

From the only other species definitely known as a vector, T. (L.) akamushi,

—a species which some recent workers would regard as only a variety of

deliensis—it’ differs in the smaller number of dorsal setae, 28 arranged

2.8.6.6.4.2 with only occasionally one more or less on the second or third dorsal

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC ScRUB TypHUS MITES 63

rows. In this arrangement of dorsal setae, delienpis agrees with many

other species, which can be separated on other morphological characters, In

akamushi the dorsal setae are more numerous, 92-40 in number, arranged ca.

2.10.8.6.4.2 to 2.10.8.8.6.4.2, with frequent variations. | Further the posterior

scutal margin is very shallow behind the line of PL: and consequently SB lies

distinctly in front of Pl; whereas in deliensis SB is not greatly in front of

PL, sometimes appearing almost in line, and the posterior scutal margin is

deeper and more rounded.

This species has probably been collected more than|any other, and I have

been able to compare a considerable number of populations from different

areas.

Walch in his original description and figures gave very few measurements :

The seutum was stated-to be 37» long and 74x wide; PL was 4u behind line

of 8B; AL 39n; Sens, 61. No measurements for the lengths of AM and PL

were stated but his figute shows both as longer than AL,|and PL as longer than

AL.

Of the following twenty-four populations studied, the first twenty-one

may be considered as more or less typical deliensis only showing differences,

sometimes significant between one another, in relative yalueg of the Standard

Data.

If anything, there seems to be tendency for the] dorsal seutum to be

larger as one goes from west. to east, the populations from New Guinea and

Northern Queensland having somewhat larger Standard Data. ‘The relative

proportions of the scutal setae, with AL the shortest and PL the longest

remain fairly consistent. Apart from these normal populations, however, the

one from Buna, New Guinea, (No. 24) is very significantly different from all

the others in the extreme length of the scutal setae espetially PL, which reach

a mean length of 85. In general the dorsal setae in this, as in all populations

approximate the PL setae in length, This population is here regarded as a

distinct, possibly local, form under the name of deliensis form bunaensis nov.

(plate 6, fig. I-L).

At the other extreme, another small collection of |three specimens from

Abidari and seven from Buna, N.G. (No. 22) differ from the normal in the

very short seutal (and dorsal) setae, with PL being equal to or only slightly

longer than AM, with a mean of ea. 40x. Two other specimens (No. 23) from

Bougainville, (G. W. Wharton) are also of this form. | Whether these speci-

mens are sufficiently distinct to warrant a form name js doubtful. The two

specimens from Bougainville appear to have the palpal claw two-pronged

instead of three-pronged as is normal for deliensis, althqugh the Buna-Abidari

64 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

specimens are apparently three-pronged. This character, however, is some-

times very difficult to be certain about even under high magnification.

The type specimen of T. walchi Wom. and Heaslip 1943 from Batavia

(re-measured) has the following Standard Data: AW 61-6, PW 75°6, SB

280, ASB 28-0, PSB 14-0, SD 42-0, A-P 28-0, AM 50-4, AL 56-4, PL 56-0,

Sens. —, and thus cannot be separated from typical deliensts.

Gunther’s vanderghinstei from Bulolo, New Guinea is also a typical

deliensts.

NUMBER AND LOCALITIES OF POPULATION IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE.

(1) Ceylon, Seven specimena from Colombo, 1944 (0. D. Radford) and seven from Bmbill-

pitiya, on Rattus kandiyanus, 1944 (8. H. Jayewieckreme),

(2) Maldive Ie, Four specimens from Rattus r. norvegicus, 1945 (C.D.R.).

(3) Assam. Sixteen specimens from Rattus flavipectus yunnamensig from 21 mile mark,

Stillwell Road, 6/9/45. (R. Traub).

(4) Manipur. Three specimens from Rattua ap. 9/6/45 (BR. Traub).

(5) Burma. Eighteen specimens ex Traub. coli. 1945,

(6) Burma, Thirty-six specimens ex T. J. Lawrence coll. 1945.

(7) Malaya, Twenty-three specimens from Rattus mulleri from Kepong, Selangor, F.M.8.,

June, 1945 (J, BR. Audy coll),

(8) Maleya. Highteen specimens from ground squirrel, Kepong, Selangor, F.M,3,, Sept.,

1950 (J. RB. Audy coll).

(9) Malaya. Fourteen specimens from Rattus bowersi, from Ulu Langat, Selangor, ¥,M.S.,

June, 1950 (J. B. Audy).

{10) Maloye. Eight specimena: one from Rattus ennandalet from Bukit Langan, F.R., 1949;

five from a shrew, Ulu Langat, Dee., 1949, and two from 2. maJlert. from Ulu Langat,

Selangor F.M.8. Nov., 1949 (J. BR. Audy coll).

(11) Borneo. Seventy-five specimens from Tragulus javanicus from Fort Leju, Tinjar,

Sarawak, Ang., 1950 (ex J. R. Andy),

(12) Borneo. Twenty-one specimens from ears of Callosciurus hippurus, Stapok E.R,

Kuching, May, 1950 (ex. J. BR. Audy). .

(13) Philippines, Five specimens ex Rattus sp. Feb., 1945. (coll. C. Mobr).

(14) Philippimes, Bixteen specimens ex. Rattus sp. from Mercia, Negros, July, 1945 (0. B.

Philip coll.).

{15) Bat. Is., N.G. Eight specimens on boota Noy., 1949 (coll, G. M. Kohl),

(16) Solomon Is. Twenty-four specimens on boots, from Island North of Bougainville,

Aug., 1945 (Coll. G. H. MeQueen},

(17) Dutch N.G. EHighty-five specimens from Sansapore, 1944 (coll. C. Mohr).

(18) New Guinea. Fourteen epecimens from eara of rat, Milne Bay, Papwa, Aug., 1943

(coll. 8. L, Allman).

agate Guinea. Ten specimens from ears of rat, Kerowae, Nov., 1944 (call, Consett.

avis),

ee) camattog. Twenty-eight specimens from rats, from Cairns, N. Queensland, 1939 (G. W.

easlip).

(21) Australia. Six specimens from boots, Braniston’s Beach, N, Queenstand, Sept., 1949

(coll, I, M. Mackerras).

(22) New Guinea. Ten specimens: three from boots, Abidari, July, 1943 (coll. R. N. MeCul-

loch), 2nd seven from boots at Buna, Aug., 1943 (coll. R. N. McCulloch),

(23) Solomon Is. Two specimens ex Rattus practor from Jaba River, Sept., 1944 (coll. G. W.

Whatton),

(24) New Guinea. Twelve specimens: eight from rat, Buna, Deec., 1946 (coll. G. M. Kohls),

and four from rat, Buns, Jan., 1944 (coil, Maj. Hicks).

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WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PactFic ScruB Ty#HUS MITES 67

TroMBIcULA (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) AKAMUSHI (Brumpt 1910).

Trombicula coarctatum (Berl. 1888), in Kitashima and Miyajima 1918, cited

Walch 1923, Tr. Vth. Bien, Congr. Far East. Assoc. Trop. Med. (1924).

Kedania tanakat Kishida 1909, cited Tanaka ef al., 1930, Zentralblt. Bakt.

Abt. 1, 116. Orig., 353.

Trombidium akamushi Brumpt 1910, Précis de Parasitol., 2nd ed, 506.

Microtrombidium akamushi, Hirst 1915, J. Eeon. Biol., 10, 79.

Leptotrombidium akamushi, Nagayo et al., 1917, J, Exper. Med., 25, 255.

Trombicula akamushi, Hirst 1917, Arachnida injurious tp Man (B. Mus, N.H.).

Econ. Ser., No. 6: Nagayo et al., 1921, Amer. J. Hygiene, 1, (5-6), 569;

Walch 1923, Tr. Vth. Bien, Congr. Far East. Assoc, Trop. Med. (1924) ;

Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Brumpt 1936, Précis|de Parasitol: Womers-

ley and Heaslip, 1943. Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, ln, 84; Sig. Thor and

Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, Lfg.. 71b, 381,.

Microtrombidium brumpti Hirst 1915, J. Econ. Biol., 103; syn. Ewing 1925,

Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 13, 381.

Trombicula fletcheri Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc, S. Aust., 67,

(1), 86; Womersley 1944, idem 68, (1), 89.

Trombicula obscura Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. §.|Aust., 68, (1), 86.

Plate 6, fig. M-O.

If valid, Kishida’s names would replace those of Leptotrombidium akamushi

Nagayo et al., 1917. Kishida first published hig paper| privately in 1909, of

which only 100 copies are understood to have been distributed. However, in

spite of intensive search in Amierica, Britain and elsewhere, my colleague,

Dr. C. B. Philip, has been unable to trace anywhere a copy of the original

paper. In 1946, Kishida republished his paper, but again privately, although

with excellent figures. It appears then that as Kishida’s publications are not

scientific papers under the International Rules, his names are not valid,

This species is very close to deliensis Walch and Has been considered by

some workers to be the same, differing only in the latger number of dorsal

setae whieh vary from 32 to 40 in number; as against lan almost constant 25

in deliensis. It is, however, not only distinct in this character but is distin-

guished by the longer A-P, bringing the sensillae bases (SB) much more in

advance of line of PL, and the posterior margin being straighter, although

lightly sinuous, and shallower behind PL,

68 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

In the typical form from Japan, as shown in Kishida’s 1946 figure and

in the works of other Japanese authors, as well as the Japanese material

studied by the writer, the dorsal setae appear to be somewhat variable from

32-40 in number. Kishida, 1946, shows them as 2.8.6.8.6.4.— 34, whilst Hirst

1915 shows them as 2.8.6.10,.8.4.2 —40. The arrangement on the first 3 rows,

however, appears fairly constant, the variation occurring on the posterior rows.

Here, however, it is sometimes diffienlt to place some of the lateral posterior

setae as belonging to the dorsal or ventral surface.

In a moderately large population from Bagabag, Luzon, in the Philip-

pines, collected by C. B. Philip, 1945, the dorsal setae vary from 32 to 39,

mainly arranged 2.8.8.864.3—38, but varying from 2.8.4.8.6.4=—32 to

2.9.8.8.6.4.2 = 39.

In 1943, Womersley and Heaslip described fletcheri from Malaya mainly

on the different arrangement and number of dorgal setae, viz. 2.10.8.6.4.2.2—34,

Recently a large population, collected by Dr. J, R. Andy 1945, from various

hosts in the neighbourhood of Sungei Buloh, F.M.S., hag been studied, in which

the dorsal setae varied from 2.10.8.6.4.2 = 32 to 2.11.8.6.6.4.2 —39, but mainly

were 2.10.8.6.6.4.2 = 38.

Similarly populations from Owi Island, Duteh New Guinea, as well as parts

of New Guinea, agree in having the dorsal setae ca. 38 in number and arranged

generally 2.10.8.8.6.4. This difference from the normal Japanese form perhaps

justifies the retention of the name flefcheri as a geographical one.

The Standard Data expressed by the Mean + 3 times the Standard

Deviation, for the following populations are given in the succeeding table.

NUMBER AND LOCALITIES OF POPULATION IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE.

(1) Japan, 11 specimens: some from Dr. Mitamura's original collection and some collected

at Niigata, Yamagata Prefecture, by Dr. C, B. Philip in 1945,

(2) Philippines, 25 specimens from Bagabag, Luzon, Aug,, 1945 (coll. C. B. P.).

(3) Philippines, 13 specimens from rata, precise locality 7, 1945 (coll, C. Mohr.).

(4) New Guinea. 14 specimens from Fattus mordaz, No, 467. Buna area, 1944 (eoll

G. M. Kohis:).

(5) uae Guinea. 11 specimens from Katius mordax, No. 475. Runa area, 1944 (coll,

G.MLE.).

(6) New Guinea. 12 specimens from boots, Dumpu, 1942 (coll. KR. N. McCulloch).

AT) Guinea, 21 specimens from Echymipera cockerelli from Dobudura area. (coll.

.M,K.).

(8) New Guinea. 10 specimens from rats, Buna, 1944 (coil. Maj. Hicks),

(9) Dutch New Guinea. 14 specimens, 1944 (coll. C.B.P.),

(10) Malaya, 125 specimens from Stngei Buloh, ete., 1948 (eli, J, R. Andy).

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 69

Standard Data of ten populations of Trombicula. (Leptotr) akemusii (Brompt.) (showing Means + 3

times Standard Deviation).

No. of | —

Popu-| Speei- i

lation | mens AW | PW SB ASB ( PSB

| |

(1) IL 65-55-4 74-5251 29-8762 27-0 | 13-243-5

(25 26 5747+4-6 66-9465 27-0 21-0 | 12-0

(3) 13 55-8923+65 69° 853-65 24-85 2+7 24-0 13-0

(4) 11 58-4244°7 G5-2+4-1 26-4244-9 24.0 12-73-0

(5) 13 63-9+9-3 TT ‘S478 32-145-7 | | 27-0 12-5434

(6) 12 54-824-0 60-2524°65 26/02%3-4 24-7543+4 12-32-65

(7) 21 66-7548 4 81°754138-2 34+16+2 26-552 ; 13°243-5

(8) 10 60 G4 fH 68-2-66-9 28-6543-0 — me

(9) 14 65; 6544-5 73°3+8+1 30-94-17 27-0 14°1543-7

(10) 125 68-746-3 81-148-3 | 33-4245 -0 20-153 +95 16-6541-8

| No, of | |

Popu-| Bpeei- | |

lation | mens | A-P AM AL | | PL Sens

(1) il 40+°243-5 | 28°7+3-8 536264 43-3247-5 57-146-8 G1-224-9

(3) 25 33°0 24-0 50-1545'8 | 37-84-65 52-744-8 59-323-0

(3) 13 37-0 27-9801 50-247 -6 39-623°:8 | 52-4526-15 | 53-55-46-9

(4) 1 36°743-0 | 26-4523 +65 50°7+7-9 40-95 °6 49-447 +4 60-0

(5) 13 39-523-4 | 27-0 52-4546-+9 39-73-32 | H1-747+5 60-0

(6) 12 37-1+3+7 24-0 43-625-6 38-64°8 | 45-55-23 53-T2-9

ee 21 39-73-23 26°S43-6 55-327*7 39°G23-) | 53-746-8 64-94-4-7

8) 10 38-52E8-7 26°747°9 43-1410-6 | 35:024-6 42-44+12-2 60-3+6-1

(9) 1d | 41-152%3-7 | 2814-5 54-928+1 40-03-68 55°4247-°7 §5°TRTS

+#3+9 i 28-15+4-3 | 52°4+8-1 42-628°8 | 68-82n7-4 | 64-25-1105

! |

(10) | 125 | 42-8 |

Trombicula obscura Womersley 1944 cannot be separated from, and is

now regarded as being, the usual New Guinea form of akamughi, with the 38

dorsal setae arranged 2.8;8.8.6.4.2, and the seutal setae somewhat longer than

normal, but not ontside of the theoretical range. It fwas described from the

type and 8 paratypes, from Milne Bay, N.G. The [population collected by

Maj. Hicks from Buna must also be referred to akamushe f. fletchert. (The

Standard Data are given under No. 8 in the above table).

TrompicuLa (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) FULLER] (Hwing 1945).

Trombicula fullert Ewing: 1945, Proe, Ent. Soc., Washintgon, £7, (3), 46.

Plate 8, fig. F-J.

Redescription of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (engorged) to 710,, width

to 500n. Seutum rectangular, with PL at the posterior| lateral corners, and the

posterior margin only moderately deep behind PL but sttongly sinuous and

concave medially; PL setae the longest; sensillae filamentous and ciliated dis-

tally, with the bases only slizhtly behind line of PL.) Eyes 2+ 2, posterior

the smaller. Chelicerae normal, non-serrate and with duly the apical tricuspid

70 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

cap. Galeal setae ciliated. Palpi claw trifurcate; setae on palpal femur and

genu nude; on tibia, dorsal ciliated, lateral and ventral nude. Dorsal setae 28,

to 52u, arranged ca. 2.8(10).6(4).6.4.2. Ventrally with the usual pair of ciliated.

maxillary setae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III,

and thereafter ca. 20 to 32u long. Legs all 7-segmented: I 225p long, II 227p,

III 260; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, III without any long nude

seta.

The Standard Data derived from 3 larvae and 8 larval pelts from reared

nymphs (K. L. Cockings), all from Imphal, India, 1945, are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 56-620°39 1-2940-+28 52°7-00°5 54-4-57-6 243

PW 65-00-45 1:49+0-32 60-+6-69 +4 64-0-67°2 2-3

SB 25-9540°30 0:98-0-21 230-28 -9 25-+6-28-8 3-8

ASB 27-00-59 1-97+0-41 21-1-32-9 22-4-28-8 73:

PSB 10-80°38 1+2640-27 7-0-14°6 9-6-12-8 11-6

8D 37-7540-°55 1820-39 32-3-43-2 25*2-41-6 4°

A-P 22°70-51 1-700-36 17 -6-27°8 19+2-25-6 75

AM 42-2520-37 1-12=-0-26 38-9-45-6_ 41-§-44-8 2-6

AL 35°6540-38 1-12+0-84 32*3-39-0 35-0-38-0 ' B+

PL 62-6240-70 2+3440+50 55-6-69 +6 57-6-65-8 3-7

Sens, 55-00-89 219-0 -63 48-4-61'6 51-2-57-6 4-0

Remarks. In the dorsal setae and the setation of the palpi this species is

close to deliensis, but it differs in the sinuation of the posterior scutal margin.

It is here placed in Leptotrombidium on the presence of precoxal plates on

coxae I in the nymphs reared by Mr, Cockings, and described elsewhere in this

paper.

A further collection of larvae of this species made hy Major R. Traub from

Burma has been examined, which show a significantly larger seutum than those

quoted above, although they do not differ in any morphological character.

The Standard Data for 13 of these specimens are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 62-25+0-81 2-94+0°57 56+45-68 -05 58-85-67 -2 4-7

PW 72-40-60 2-15+0-42 65-95-7835 70-0-75+6 3-0

SB 28-850-36 1-29-40-25 25+0-32-7 28-0-30+8 4-5

ASB 28.0 No variation reeorded.

PSB 11-2 No variation recorded.

sD 39-2 No variation recorded.

A-P 23-70-39 1°39+0:27 19-5-27:9 22+4-25+2 6-9

AM 46-2+0-40 1-40+0-28 42-0-50-4 44°8-47-6 3-0

AL 41-3--0-52 1-790 +36 36-4472 39-2-44-8 4-3

PL 69-3520-54 1-95+0-38 63 -5-75+2 fi4-4-72°8 2:5

Sang, to 64-4

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 71

In correspondence, Dr. Fuller informs me that h¢ has examined Ewing's

co-types of fullert and compared them with an authentic specimen of deliensis

Walch from Sumatra, and that Ewing’s figure erroneously shows the sen-

sillae bases aa anterior of line of PL whereas they, are actually posterior

thereof. Dr. Fuller’s specimens from Burma agreed this respect with the

co-types of fulleri Ewing and are considered to be the same species. I have

also examined another lot from Burma collected at the same time and am in

agreement with Fuller that they are not deliensis Walch. However, besides

differing in having SB posterior of PL, there iy 4 marked difference in the

curvature of the posterior seutal margin. .In all the] material of deliensis I

have examined from many localities this margin is more or less an even curve,

whereas in fullert it is sinuous and medially concave! In this respect also

Ewing’s figure is erroneous.

TromeBicuLa (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) MYZAN' sp. n.

Trombicula sp, Gill, Moule and Riek., 1925, Aust. Vet.| J., 32, fig. 9 (3).

Plate 9, fig. A-C.

Description of Larvae. Shape ovate. Length 374, width 270p. Dorsal

scutum more or less rectangular, with the anterior margin concave except medi-

ally, and posterior margin shallowly convex with the median part flattened and

not sinuous; surface coarsely punctate and with a pair of distinct oval dises

near anterior margin. Eyes 2+ 2, on distinct ocular shields, the posterior eyes

the smaller. Chelicerae 444 long and with only the usual apical tricuspid cap.

Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout, femur and genu with la long curved strongly

strongly ciliated setae; tibia with all 3 setae nude; tarsi with the usual basal

rod, and 5 or 6 ciliated setae, one being much stronger and longer than the:

others and over-reaching tip of palpal claw; palpal claw trifurcate, the median

prong the longest. Dorsum with 28 rather blunt-tipped ciliated setae, to 42,

long and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2. Ventrally with the usual pair of curved branched

maxillary setae; a single seta on each coxa; a pair| between coxae I and

between coxae III, and thereafter 6.4.4.4.2.2— 29 all more slender than the

dorsal setae, to 45y long. Legs: I 370. long, II 380p,| ITI 405p; tarsi I and

IJ with the usual dorsal rod-like setae, which are relatively short, ca. 14 length

of tarsus; no long nude outstanding seta on tarsi III.

The Standard Data for the type, and 15 paratypes from Queensland are:

72 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 74-80-49 1-970-35 68-9-80-7 72-0-78-0 2-6

PW 85-0%0+46 1-8520°33 79-4-90°6 82+0-87-0 2-2

8B 25-50-41 1-660-29 20-5-30+5 22+0-27-0 6-1

ASB 29-040'35 1+3920-25 2478-33 +2 27-0-30-0 4:8

PSB 17-60-21 0-8640-15 14-95-20-25 15-0-18-6 4-9

sD. 46-50-42 1-690:30 41°4-51-6 43-0-48-0 36

A-P 2970-33 1-31+0-23 25-8-33-6 27-0-33°0 4-4

AM 31-90-38 1-44+0°27 27°6-36-°2 20+0-42-0 4-5

AL 39-60-50 1°960-36 33-7-45-5 36-0-42-0 5-0

PL 53-80-81 8-120°57 44°4-63-2 51-0-60-0 5-8

Bens. 45-250+55 1-92+0-3] 39-5-51-0 42-0-48-0 4-2

Loc. The type from a pallid cuckoo, Clermont, Queensland, 4 Nov. 1944

(D. A. Gill) and 15 paratypes from a ‘‘Lousy Jack’’, Logan Downs, Clermont,

28 Nov., 1944 (D.A.G.). .

Remarks. In their interesting paper, ‘‘Trombidiosis of Sheep in Queens-

land,’’ Aust. Vet. J., 1945, 22, the authors, Messrs. D. A. Gill, G. R. Moule and

R. F. Riek, state that this species, therein referred to as new but unnamed

species of J’rombicula, was common on a number of other birds, the names of

which are given.

In that paper an exceptionally fine microphotograph of the dorsal scutum,

as obtained by a new technique developed by Mr. Parrish of the McMaster

Laboratory, is published.

As stated above, myzantha is very closely related to the preceding species,

in having the same number of dorsal and ventral setae, although the disposition

in the anterior rows differs. The DS are longer and the dimensions of the

dorsal scutum greater in myzantha, but with further material, the two species

may possibly be shown to be synonymous.

Also 9 specimens from a ‘‘fruit pigeon’’ from Owi Island, Dutch N. Guinea,

13 Oct. 1944 (D, EB, Howell) and 22 specimens from ‘‘pigeon” from a small

island off the north of Bougainville, Aug., 1945 (G. H. McQueen).

In both these populations the Standard Data are very significantly lower

than those of the Queensland population, while they are also significantly differ-

ent between themselves,

For these island populations the form names T. (1Z.) myzantha f. owiensis

and T, (?L.) myzantha f. bougainvillensis are proposed.

The Standard Data are as follows:

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUs MITES 73

Oun Island. Population,

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff..of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 63-00-71 2-12+0'50 56-7-69-3 60-0-66-0 3-4

PW 69-45+0-78 2-3520-55 62-4-76+5 66-0-72-0 3-4

SB 21-20-23 0-67+0-16 19+2-23-2 21-0-23°0 3-1

ASB 27-0 No variation recorded.

PSB 17-30-44 1:32+0°31 13 -4-21°2 15-0-18:0 76

8D 44-340-+44 1-32+0-31 40.448 -2 42 -0-45-0 3-0

A-P 27-70-44 1+32+0-31 23-8-31-6 27-0-30-0 4:8

AM 26-30-44 1-32+0-31 22-4-30°2 24-0-27-0 5-0

AL 35-30-44 1+32+0°31 31-4-39°2 33-0-36-0 3:7

PL 45-00-50 1+500-35 40-5-49-5 42-0-48-0 8-3

Sens. 45°751+43 2:87+1'01 35°15-54:35 42-0-48-0 G2

Bougainville Population.

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 66.720+54 1:7920-38 61-+3-72:1 63-0-69°0 2°6

PW 72°60°58 1-92+0:41 66-8-78-4 69-0—75-0 2:6

SB 22-6+0+39 1+30+0-28 18+7-26°5 21-0-24°0 5+7

ASB 27-90-43 1+37+6-31 23+8-32-0 27-0-30:0 40

P&B 1644045 1:49+0-32 11-8-20-9 15-0-18-0 9-0

SD 44-10-43 1+37+0-31 40-8-18-2 42-0-45-0 3-1

A-P 28-10-43. 1:44+0°31 238-32 °4 AT-0-30-0 5-1

AM 29-250°75 2-120-53 22-9-35-6 27 -0-33-0 7+2

AL 37-4540+62 2-06+0-44 31-3-43-6 33-0-40-0 5-5

PL 46-0+0-64 2-13+0-45 89-6-52-4 42-0-50-0 4-6

Sens, 46-1+0°55 1-5540-39 41-4-50°8 45-0-48-0 3-4

TROMBICULA (? LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) ROBUSTA

Proe. Linn, Soc. N.S.W., 66, (3-4), 157, 1941, fig. 1-5;

Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67, (1), 85, 19438.

Plate 9, fig. D-F.

This species was originally described from colonies on the legs of Pitta

mackloti Temminck and of Microeca sp., from Bulolo, |N, Guinea. To it are

now referred two specimens from the ears of a ‘‘thrush-like bird’’ from Hol-

landia, Dutch N. Guinea, 10 Dec., 1944 (C.B.P.).

The dorsal seutum is as figured, approximately rectangular, with the pos-

terior margin very shallow behind PL and medially sinuate; PW only a little

greater than AW, and SB much nearer to PL than to AL but anterior of

PL; the surface coarsely pitted, and near to anterior margin a pair of oval

discs; scutal setae more or less subequal. Chelicerae| with only the apical

tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpal claw trifureate ; setae on femur and

omersley and Heaslip,

74 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

genu branched; on tibia all 8 nude (Gunther states ‘‘two nude setae near the

base and one with very short branches half-way’’), DS 34, arranged

2.12.8.6.4.2, to 504 long. No long nude seta on tarsi of leg III. Body cordate

and overlapping mouth parts.

The Standard Data derived from the type and 2 paratypes, and 2 speci-

mens from Hollandia are:

‘Standard Theoretical Observed Cooff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 72-620+60 1-34=0-42 68-6-76-6 72+0-75-0 1:8

PW 78-00-95 2-12+0-68 71+7-84:3 75-0-81-0 2-8

SB 24-0 No variation recorded.

ASB 32-450°60 1-34+0-42 28-4-36-4 30-0-33-0 4-J

PSB 15-0 No variation recorded.

SD 46°320°738 1-64+0-52 41-9-51+7 45 -0-48-() 3-6

A-P 30-620°60 1-340-42 26-6-34,6 30-6-33-0 4-4

AM 42-0 _ Only one determination.

AL 47-40-60 1°340-42 43°4-51-4 45-0-48-0 4-1

PL 52-80-73 1-64+0-52 47-9-57-7 51-0-54-0 3-1

Sens, 50-0 No variation recorded.

Along with 7. (Z.) myzantha sp.n. and 1. philip sp. n., this species

forms a small group of closely allied species in having the pair of anterior

scutal dises.

Trompicuna (LeproTroMeipiomM) BURMENSIs (Hwing 1945).

Trombicula burmensis Ewing 1945. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 47, (3), 63. -

Plate 9, fig. G-K.

This species was somewhat inadequately described from larvae from speci-

mens from Ting Hawk, June, 1944, and Shaduzup, July, 1944, in Burma (coll.

H.S. Fuller). I have been able to study five specimens of this species collected

by T. J. Lawrence and K. L. Cockings, from Rattus rattus bruneusculus from

Imphal, India, Sept. and Oct., 1945, from which the following redescription is

drawn. Three of these specimens were larval pelts recovered from the reared

nymphs by K. L. Cockings.

Redescription of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (unengorged) 290,, width

227, (well engorged, according to Ewing, loc. cit., 880% and 4404). Seutum

rectangular, finely punctate, with the posterior angles well rounded, and the

PL setae placed not quite midway between posterior margin and AL, ie. PL

are not at the postero-lateral corners; AM placed well back from line of AL;

sensillae filamentous, with short barbs basally and longer ciliations distally, their

bases slightly behind line of PL. Byes 2-+ 2, posterior the smaller, Chelicerae

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TypHus MITES 75

non-serraté, with only the apical trieuspid cap. Galeal| setae strongly ciliated

Palpal claw trifurcate; setae on palpal femur and genu (ciliated; on tibia dorsal

ciliated, lateral and ventral nude. Dorsal setae 28, to 64p long, and arranged

2.8,6,6.4.2. Ventrally with the usual pair of ciliated maxillary setae, one on

each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 26

arranged ca. 12.6.4.2.2. Legs ail 7-segmented; tarsi I and II with dorsal sen-

sory rod, III without any long nude zeta.

The Standard Data for the above 5 specimens are: |

Standard Theorctical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 70-4 No variation recorded,

PW 789-142 - 3-18+1-00 69-4-88 64 76+8-§4-0 4:0

8B 33-5260-61 1-3620-43 2964-37 -6 $2*0-35-3 4-0

ASB 31-40-64 1-43220-45 27-1-35:7 28~-8-32-0 4-5

PSB 14-70-32 0-°71+0-+23 12-6~16-8 | 14+4-16-0 4-3

8D 46-10-78 1°7540-55 40-9-§1-3 | 43-2-48-0 3-8

A-P 27-220°71 1-600-51 22-4~32-0 25-6-28-8 5-9

AM 59-G-E1-26 2-82+0-89 51-+0-68-0 57+ 6-64°0 4-7

AL 46‘7+0-78 1°7540-565 41-5-51-9 44-8-48-0 3-7

PL 7100-64 1:43-0:45 66-7-75+4 70+4-73°6 2-0

Sens. 70-4 No variation recorded.

Remarks, This species is placed in Leptotrombidium on the character of

precoxal plates on coxae I of the nymphs, reared by (ockings and correlated

with the larval pelts. In the shape of the dorsal scutum and the position of PL

it is closely related to the palpalis group, but differs in having the setae on the

palpal femur and genn strongly ciliated.

TrompicuLa (NrorromeBicuLaA) ForpI sp. n, Lawrence, T. J. in MS.

Gen. nov. species ‘‘FD.’’ Lawrenee in MS. In Audy 1947, ‘‘Serub Typhus

Investigations in S.E, Asia, Pt, III. Appendix 7."’) AMD, 7, War Office,

London.

Plate 11, fig. A-F.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Colour in life unknown. Length

(partially engorged) to 3254, width to 225. Dorsal seutum rectangular, pitted,

with PL foliate and nearer to AL than to posterior margin, posterior corners

rounded; AM and AL normally ciliated, AM well back) from anterior margin;

sensillae fairly wide apart, filamentous and ciliated on|distal half, their bases

well behind line of PL, Eyes 2+ 2, small, a little nan from seutum and

apparently not on ocular shields. Chelicerae not serrate, with only the usual

apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae strongiy branched. Palpi stout, tibial claw

76 ’ RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusEUM

bifid; setae on palpal femur, genu and lateral and ventral on tibia nude, dorsal

on tibia strongly branched. All dorsal setae, like PL, foliate, with the lateral

margins curled in and with a double fringe of strong setules, (the appearance at

first glance suggests the setae are bifid, but this is not so), 48 in number and

arranged 2.10.8.8.8.6.4.2, but rows 2 and 3 variable, to 42» long. Ventrally

the setae are slender and ciliated, a pair on maxillae, one on each coxae, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae ILI, and then ca, 10.8.8, followed by ca.

6.4.2, which are foliate similar to the dorsal setae, to 30h long. Legs all 7-seg-

mented; I 225u long, II 208u, III 2604; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod,

TIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data derived from the type, 6 paratypes and 2 larval pelts

from nymphs reared by K. L. Cockings are;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 75-0+1-08 3-24+0-76 65-3-84-7 70 -4-80+0 4-3

PW 84-31-09 3580-84 73°6-95-0 80-0-89-6 3-9

SB 37-340-71 2-12+0-50 31-043 -6 35-2-41+6 5°6

ASB 30-40-53 1°60+0-38 25-6-35-2 28-8-32-0 5*2

PSB 16-0 No variation recorded,

8D 46-4+0-53 1-6020-38 41-6-51-2 44-8-48-0 a4

A=P 19-55+0°69 2+0820:49 13-3-25°8 16-0-22-4 10-6

AM 44-8+1+43 3-20+1-01 35-2-54-4 41-6-48°0 7-1,

AL 43°620-58 1°66+0-41 38 - 6-48 -6 41-6-48-0 3-8

PL 48-°9+0-91 2*42-40°65 41-7-56-1 44-8-§1°2 4-9

Sens. 60-8, Average of two determinations of 57-6 and 64-0.

Loc. and Hosts. Type host, Rattus rattus brunneusculus Hodgson, from

Imphal, Manipur State, India 1945. Paratypes from same locality, hosts, and

date.

The type host was a ‘‘Black Rat with gray belly. Rattus sp.’’

In Lawrence's MS. this species is. stated to be fairly common and distri-

buted over a wide area from Imphal down to South Burma. As many as 500

were taken from a single host. Other hosts were the tree shrew Tupiia belan-

gert bélangert Wagner, and the common musk shrew Scincus coerulus fulvocine-

reus Anderson, both of these from Kanglatongbi, Dec., 1945,

Type and paratype in British Museum, paratype in U.S. Nat. Mus., and

King Edward VII College of Medicine, Singapore,

Trompiounsa (NeOTROMBICULA) TRAUBI sp, 0.

Gen. nov. species A.” Lawrence, T. J. in MS. In Audy 1947. “Serub Typhus

Investigations in S.E. Asia, Pt. III. Appendix 7.’ AMD. 7. War Office,

London,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 77

Plate 11, fig. G-K.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval, Colour in fife unknown, Length

(somewhat engorged) 481,, width 350p. Seutum rectangular, with SB behind

line of PL; PL about midway between AL and posterior margin; AM moderately

well behind line of AL; both AM and AL normally ciliated, PL foliate, with

the lateral margins ineurled and bearing a double fringe| of setules as in preced-

ing species; sensillae missing but probably filamentous and distally ciliated.

Eyes 2+ 2, small, and apparently not on ocular shields. Chelicerae not ser-

rate, with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae strongly branched. Palpi

stout, tibial claw trifurcate; setae on palpal femur and genu, and laterally and

ventrally on tibia nude, dorsally on tibia branched. Dorsal setae foliate as in

preceding species, but shorter to 304 and with fewer setules, 52 in number and

arranged ca. 2.10.10.10.8.6.4.2. Ventrally with a pair ine setae on maxil-

lae, a pair of slender ciliated setae between coxae I and|between coxae IIT, one

on each coxg, and behind coxae II] with ca. 8.8.10.8, followed by 8.6.4.2. foliate

setae similar to dorsal setae. Legs all 7-segmented; T 546n Jong, IT 480,, IIT

460,; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, III without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data of the type are: AW 64-4, Py 756, SB 38-6, ASB

28-0, PSB 15-4, SD 43-4, A-P 22-4, AM 42-0, AL 39-2, Pl 36-4, Sens. 60-0.

Loc, and Host. The type specimen from Macacus adsamensis, from Imphal,

India, August 1945 (T. J. Lawrence). |

I have also seen three other specimens, in the collection of C. D. Radford.

The type specimen has very unfortunately become badly damaged, by using

oil immersion to determine details of the palpal setae.

Remarks. This species in the structure of the doraal setae and the shape

of the dorsal scutum, is very close to the preceding species T. (N-) fordi sp. n.,

but appears to be distinct in the smaller sentum, and the dorsal setae being more

numerous and shorter with fewer lateral setules.

Trompicuna (NgoTRomBICcULA) HasTaTA (Gater 1932).

Trombicula hastata Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 151.

Neoschéngastia hastata, Womersley and Heaslip 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust.,

67, (1), 116.

Plate 12, fig. A-E,

This species was. described from the type and two [paratypes from Ratius

surifer surtfer (Miller) from Sungei Buloh, Selangor, Federated Malay States.

It was later, despite the absence of the sensillae, referred to the genus Neeschén-

78 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

gastia, as then understood, by Womersley and Heaslip (1943), rather than to

the genus Trombiecule.

~ Until recently no further material has been collected since the original dis-

covery. .

Gater’s description is as follows: ‘‘Body ovoid, rounded; striations mode-

rate, slightly crenulated; pitting on scutum, epistome and legs. Fangs of cheli-

cerae moderately stout, slightly curved, abruptly tapering to a sharp point which

appears to set at an angle; dorso-apical and ventral teeth apparently absent;

Maxillary setae strongly pectinate. Pa)pi rounded; first and second palpal

setae short, plain; on fourth segment the dorsal seta with a few short barbs,

the other two plain; appendiculum with six pectinate setae; palpal claw long,

trifureate, the upper accessory prong longer than the lower. Seutum broader

than long (mean L 44y, W 71; pseudostigmatic organs 37 apart), trapezoidal,

anterior margin concave, posterior margin slightly concave, corners rounded;

scutal setae five in number, median anterior small, lanceolate and placed well

back from margin; anterior laterals short, stout, strongly pectinate ; situated on

corners; posterior laterals large, lanceolate and situated under two-thirds the

length of seutum fom. anterior pair. Pseudostigmata behind posetrior lateral

setae, as far in front of the posterior margin of the scutum as. the distance

between anterior and posterior lateral setae, pseudostigmatic organs missing in

these specimens. Body setae large, forty-eight in number; on doraum thirty,

large, translucent, lanceolate, covered with minute hairs, becoming smaller pos-

teriorly, but two pairs of the usual type of body seta, stout, minutely pilose, on

posterior edge of body; on venter of the usual type, strongly serrate to pectinate,

much longer posteriorly than anteriorly. Foreleg, mean 1, 157; leg setae mostly

serrate or pectinate with a few plain; coxal setae single, serrate or strongly pec-

tinate, the one on the midcoxa the shortest. Length (partially engorged) 0: “42—

0-46 mm.; width 0:26-0:35 mm.”’

In 1943 Womersley and Heaslip interpolated ‘the Standard “Data from

Gater’s figure and data as follows: AW 69°0, PW 71:0, SB 37-0, ASB 29-0,

PSB 15:0, SD 44-0, A-P 15-0, AM 30-0, AL 32-0, PL 42-0, Sens, —.

The ‘‘Maxillary setae’? in the above description are the galeal setae of

present day workers,

The dorsal setae are arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2.2 and the ventral setae posterior

of coxae ITY, 2.6.4.4.4.

Recently I have received from Dr. J, R. Audy a paratype of Gater’s mate-

‘rial from the I.M.R., Knala Lumpur, as well as threa specimens collected at

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 79

Bukit Lagon Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, 1949-50, Jand one collected on

Rattus subanus, same locality 1949, which possessed long filamentous sensillae,

From these 5 specimens the Standard Data are somewhat lower than the

values interpolated from QGater’s figures by Womersley and Heaslip 1943, and

are as follows:

a Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW’ 59°4+0-56 1-250-39 55-6-63-2 58-8-61-6 21

PW G44 No variation recorded,

8B 36-4 No variation recorded.

ASB 28-6+0-56 1+250+39 24+8-32+4 28-0-30-8 4:3

PSB 14-0 No variation recorded, 4

sD 42-6-40-56 1+25-0°39 38-8-46-4 42-0-44-8 2:9

A-P 12-4+0'40 0-890-28 9-7-15-1 | 12-0-14-0..., 7-2

AM 30°8 No variation recorded.

AL 80-8 No variation recorded.

PL 58-2+0+56 1*26+0-39 54-4-62°0 °° ' | 56-0-58-8 > BT

Bens. 70-0 Only 1 determination.

TROMBICULA NOVAE-HOLDANDIAE Hirst ‘p29,

Trombicula Agons-kétiandiaa Hirst 1929. Proe, Zool. Soc! London, 172. Womers-

ley 1934, Rec. 8. Aust. Mus., 5, (2), 213; Womersley and Heaslip, 1943,

Tr. Roy. Soc, 8. Aust., 67, (1), 95; Sig Thor and, Willmann 1947, Das

Tierreich, Lfg., 71b, 270, ae

Plate 12, fig, F-I. —_

This species was originally described from the ears of Rattus greyt from

D’Estree Bay, Kangaroo Is., S$, Aust., and Womersley and Tedislip’ 1943, recorded

it from Potorus tridactylus from Bothwell, Tas’ ‘(Gott H. : Finlayson), as well

as from Cairns, Queensland (host 2).

The scutum is comparatively large and rectangular, but the posterior mar-

gin evenly rounded, and SB about in line with PL. “Chelig erae simple with only

the apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude. All setae qn palpal femur, genu

and tibia branched ; tibial claw trifureate.. Dorsal setae, 24.in number, from 80:0

to 50-0 long, and arranged 2.6.6.6.4.2. Varsi of. leg TII with 2 long, nude,

outstanding setae; metatarsi of leg III-with 1 such seta,

The Standard Data for the type and 2 paratypes from Kangaroo Is,, 3

specimens from Cairns, 12 from Tasmania and 2 from Log. ? are as follows:

80 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

- Standard Theoretical Obeerved Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 70-652+0-55 2-48-0-39 63-2-78+1 66°0-75-0 3-5

PW 93-90-67 a-0140°48 84-9-102-9 87+0-99-0 342

8B 30+32-0-42 1-872%0-29 24-7-35-9 27-0-33-0 @-2

ASB 36°15-+0-23 1:01+0-16 33-1-39-2 83+0-38-0 2-8

PSB 26-6520-27 1:19-0:19 23-05-3026 24-0-29-0 4:5

8D 62-6520-41 1-82+0-29 57-2-68-1 60+0-67-0 2-9

A-P 33-60-50 2+24+0°35 26-85-40°35 27-0-36-0 6:6

AM 55+2+0°75 2-99+0°53 46-2-64-2 48°0-63-0 Beh

AL 50+4+0-50 1°85+0+32 44-85-55-95 48-0-54°0 3-6

PL 66-8521-07 4-6820-76 52-8-80°9 60-0-78-0 7-0

Sens. 95°821°27 3+12+0-90 86-4-105-2 90-0-99:-0 3.3

Remarks. A very characteristic species on the shape and dimensions of

scutum, the dorsal setae, and the long nude setae on metatarsi and tarsi III, and

separated as in the key to species.

TromeicuLa (NEOTROMBICULA) RARA (Walch 1923),

Trombicula rera Walch 1923. Tr. Vth. Bien. Cong. Far East, Assoc. Trop, Med.,

Singapore (1924); Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust.,

67, (1), 90.

‘Trombicula (Eutrombicula) rara, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich

Lfg. 71b, 283.

Plate 13, fig. A-D.

This species was originally described by Walch from 4 specimens taken from

man in Deli, Sumatra. Womersley and Heaslip 1943 recorded a specimen sent

to them by Dr. J. E. Dinger of the Koningen Wilhelmina Institute v. Bactereo-

logie, Batavia as this species, but a re-examination of the specimen shows this

determination to be in error, the species being T. hirstt Sambon,.

From Walch’s original data and figures, Womersley and Heaslip 1943 com-

puted the Standard Data es follows: AW 85-0, PW 104-0, SB 54-0, ASB 25-0,

PSB 49-0, SD 74-0, A-P 40-0, AM 40-0, AL 33-0, PL 40-0, Sens. 57-0, DS

to 34:0.

The following material has been studied and is referred to this characteristic

species :

27 specimens from a ‘‘small plain skink,’’? Mts. near San Juan, Mindoro,

Philippine Is., April 11, 1945 (C.B.P.).

4 Specimens from Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea (2 on a skink, 2 collected on

boots), Dec. 8, 1944 (C_B.P.).

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 81

3 specimens from a skink Lygesoma (Leiolopisma) ri nies Peters from

Lake Hacham, N. Queensland, 10 Sept., 1945 (R.V.

14 specimens from a pill-millipede (Zephronia sp.) from tt Forest Reserve,

Kuala Lumpur, 1948 (J. R. Audy).

From this material the following redescription is

Larvae. Shape a rather broad oval. Length (u Ne as 240n, width

180. . Seutum large, almost quadrate, with the sensillae bases placed very much

nearer to Al, than to PL and widely separated. Eyes sy 2. Chelicerae with

the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. mh i stout, with bifureate

tibial claw; seta on palpal femur with a few short branches, on genu and all 3

on tibia nude; tarsi with the usual sub-basal sensory rod, a nude subapical seta,

and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae short and spine-like with closely adpressed

ciliations, 22 in number and arranged 2.6.6,4.2.2, somew I variable in length in

different populations from 80. to 46. Ventrally with a usual pair of branched

setae on maxillae, a single ciliated seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and

between coxae IIT; and thereafter 2.2.4.4.2.2.2 to 254. | Legs: I 270y long, If

240, III 270u; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod, III with a long

sub-basal nude seta,

The Standard Data, derived from the specimens from the Philippines,

Hollandia and Queensland are as follows:

Standard Theoretical | Observed Coeff. of

Mean, Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 74-45240°71 4°080:50 62-2-86-7 6414-78 -4 6-5

PW 85-40-70 3-°990°50 73-4-97-4 75+6-92-4 4-7

SB 54-8540°64 3°6640°45 43-9-65-8 47+ 6-61-6 6-7

ASB 19-750-12 0-690-08 17-7-21-8 19-6-22°4 oe

PSB 51-80-34 1+:98+0+24 45-9-57-7 44+8-53-2 5-8

8D 71-+55+0'32 1-85+0°33 66-0-77-1 64°4-72°5 2-6

A-P 36°45+0+47 2-68+0-33 28-4-44-5 BO +8-42-0 73

AM 27-50-57 3:-0220-40 18-5-36-5 22°4-33-6 11-8

AL 24-80-58 3°2140-41 15+2-34-4 22°4-33+6 13+0

PL 32-30-44 2°47+0'31 24 -9-39-7 _ -BB+0-38+2 7-6

Sens, 49° 2+0-68 2810-48 40-8-57-6 44-38-53. 5:7

This composite population shows a moderate degree of variation but there are

no significant differences between that from the Philippines and those from other

localities, except that the dorsal setae in the Philippine material measures to

31p in length, whereas in the others the length is 42p.

The Standard Data for eleven specimens of a population from a pill-milli-

pede from Kuala Lumpur, F.M.S8., are as follows:

§2 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusEUM

Standard ' Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 70-6520°55 2-48+0-89 63+2-78+1 66-0—75-0 3-5

PW 93-90-67 3-01-¢0-48 §4-9-102-9 87-0-99-0 3-2

8B 30+30-42 1-87+0°30 24-7-35-9 27°0~33-0 6-2

ASB 36°15+0-23 1-0120-16 3B3+1-39-°2 33-0-38-0 28

PSB 26°650-27 1-19+0-19 23 -05~30-25 24-0-29-0 4-5

8D 62-6520-41 1°82+0-29. 57<2-68-1 60-0-67-0 2-9

A-P 33-60°50 2-24+0-35 26, 85-40-35 27+0-36:0 6-6

AM 55-20°75 2990-53 46-2-64°2 48-0-63-0 5d

AL 50+4:40°50 1-852£0-32 44-85-55-95 48-+0-54-0 3-6

PL 66-851°07 - 4-68+0°70 §2-8-80°9 60-0-78-0 7-0

Sens. 95-81-27 3+12+0-90 86+4-105+2 90+0-99°0 3+2

The Standard Data of this population more closely approaches that given by

Womersley and Heaslip for Walch’s figures, except that AM, AL and PL are

longer, as are also the dorsal setae which reach 57» in length,

Remarks, The common occurrence of this species on a pill-millipede in

Malaya is remarkable as being an exception to the assumed restricted association

of the Trombiculid larvae to vertebrate hosts. A few other cases of Leeuwen-

hoekiids occurting on invertebrates are, however, also known,

A single specimen collected on boots at Noemfoor Is., Dutch New Guinea

(D, C. Swan) has a significantly larger scutum, the Standard Data being:

AW 103-6, PW 109-2, SB 64-4, ASB 35-4, PSB. 58-8, SD 95-2, A~P 44-2, AM

53-2, AL 44-8, PL 58-8, Sens. —. DS to 62p.

This specimen may be regarded as belonging to a distinet race or population.

The species was also collected in numbers on Owi Is,, Biak Is., Dutch New

Guinea, by Maj. G. M. Kohls, and I have seen some specimens from there,

taken from boots, Aug. 7, 1944, and from Lygosoma hinulia variegatum Aug.

12, 1944, ;

TRoMBICULA HirsTt Sambon 1927.

Trombicula pseudoakamushi vy, deliensis Walch 1923, Tr. Vth. Bien. Cong. Far

East. Assoc. Trop, Med., 601, Singapore (1924).

Trombicula hirsti Sambon 1927, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 20, 157; nee,

Hirst 1929, Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist., (10), 3, 564; Gater 1932, Parasito-

logy, 24, 143; nec. Womersley 1934, Rec. S, Aust. Mus., 5, (2), 212.

Trombicula hirstt y, morobensis Gunther 1938 (nom. nud.), Med. J. Aust., 2,

(6), 202.

Trombicula hirstt v. buloloensis Gunther 1939, Proc. Linn, Soc, N.S.W.,

64, (1-2), 78.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAciFic ScRUB TyPHus MITES 83

Trombicula minor Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aupt., 63, (2), 152 (nec.

Berlese) ; Gunther 1939 (Dec.), Proc, Linn. Soc, ass South Wales, 64,

(5-6), 466 (nec. Berl.) ; Womersley and Heaslip, Tr.| Roy. Soe, 8. Aust., 67

(1), 92 (nec. Berl.) ; Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy, Soe. &. Aust., 68 (1), 92.

Trombicula minor v. deliensis Womersley and Heaslip +948, Tr, Roy, Soe, 8.

Aust., 67, (1), 94

Trombicula mediocris Womersiey and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Rey. Soc. 8. Anst., 67,

(1), 92, (nee. Berl.).

Trombicula (Eutrombicula) hirsti Sig Thor and Willmarin 1947, Das Tierreich,

Lfg. 71b, 285 (in part).

Plate 13, fig. H-I.

Willmann (Zool, Anz., 1940) has re-examined the types of Trombicula minor

Berl. in the Hamburg Museum, and shown that not only twere they adults from

Tjompea, Jaya (not nymphs as assumed by other workers), but that they were

labelled ‘‘aus Hoklenguano gesiebt’’. The latter fact was not mentioned by

Berlese, but as cave guano is usually that of bats, it seems highly probable, as

suggested by Ewing (Naval Med. Bull., 43, (4), 837-39, Oct., 1944), that the

larvae of 7. minor Berlese, when discovered will be found to be bat parasites.

The larvae described and recorded in reeent years from Australia and New

Guinea, are generally found on birds, or animals, such as bush fowl, rodents and

bandicoots, etc., and it appears unlikely that they can be referred to Berlese’s

species. Whether, however, any of the known bat infebting larvae are those

of 7. minor Berl. must await rearing experiments, and, jin view of the urgent

need for correlating the larvae with the type of Trombicula Berlese, every

chance should be taken of rearing the known bat larvae to nymphs and/or

adults; as well as of re-discoverine the adults and rearing larvae therefrom.

In view of the above remarks, the question of the cotrect name to apply to

the Australian and New Guinea species becomes important, and although still

confused for the reasons stated, the synonymy appears to be as given above.

The form deseribed by Walch in 1923 as 7. pseudoakamushi Vv. deliensis from

Sumatra, is the same as Gunther's: hirstt v. buloloensis from New Guinea, but

the Standard Data is slightly greater than in the typical form from Queens-

land as is shown in the key to species. Sig Thor and! Willmann 1947 place

Watch's form as a synonym of 7’. pallida Nagayo et al,, from which it is clearly

distinct as given in the key.

As the New Guinea and Queensland material is so little different in Standard

Data (see Key) the following values are given for a combination of 50 speci-

mens from Queensland and 23 specimens from New Guinea:

ASB

PSB

A-P

Sens.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Mean

53-5-0+34

96-60-37

42-80-22

29-20-12

38-6+0-26

67+80-29

35-940°17

40-6240-34

45-95--0-33

54+15+0-23

1 64-90-36

Standard

Deviation

2-434+0-24

2*65-0-26

1:532+0-15

0-86+0-12

1-860-18

2-090-21

1-230-12

273520: 24

2°3720-24

1-56+0-16

1-860+0-24

Theoretical

Range

76-2-90-8

88-7-104+5

38-2-47-4

26-6-31-8

33-0—44-2

61-6-74-0

32-2-39-6

336-476

38-85-53 -05

49-45-58 -85

59-5-70°3

HIRST! f, NISSANENSE Nov.

Observed

Range

77-0-90-0

90-0-104-0

40-0-47-0

27+0-32°0

36-0-40-0

64+ 0-72-0

32+0-39-0 -

34-(0-47-0

40-0-50-0

50+0-57-0

60-0-68-0

Coeff, of

Variation

2-0

2-7

3-6

2-9

4:8

3-1

5-8

2.8

2:8

Trombicula hirsti Dumbleton 1947, Tr. Roy. Soc. N, Zealand, 76, 413.

Through the kindness of Dr. L. J. Dumbleton, I have been able to study a

series of 14 specimens, 9 from pigs, and 5 from man, of the species which he

recorded as 7. hirsti from Nissan Is. (Green Is.), Territory of New Guinea,

1944.

In the Standard Data given below, the values are significantly higher and

the population may be regarded as a distinct form;

Mean

109-70°75

125 °71-16

58-70-61

32-0

43-0

75-0

43-0

53-90:49

61-20-82

65-92b1-22

60-60+64

Standard

Deviation

2-89+0-53

4+48+0-82

2-380-43

‘Theoretical

Range

101-0-118+4

112-3-139«1

51-6-65-8

No variation recorded.

1880-34

3°170°58

4-55+0-86

2-2320-46

48 -2-59-6

51-7-70-7

52-3-79-5

3°9-67-3

yiireti f, waAkeEI Radford 1946.

Observed

Range

104-0-115-0

115+0-133-0

54-0-G1-0

50-0-57-0

54-0-65.0

57 -0~-72-0

57-0-65-0

Trombicula. haket Radford 1946, Proe. Zoot, Soc., London, 116, (2).

Radford described T, haket from a Copper-headed snake (Coluber radiatus

Schlegel) from Imphal, Manipur State, India, 10 May, 1940. I am greatly

indebted to him for a paratype of his species, and from an examination of this,

and of his deseription and figure J] am convinced that it. cannot be separated

specifically from typical hirstt Sambon, except on the size of the seutum and

the Standard Data, which lie between that of the typical form and f, nissanense.

Coeff. of

Variation

2:6

3-6

4-0

wnraw

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 85

The Standard Data from the paratype available to me, as compared with

the values given by Radford (in parentheses) are: AW|95-0 (85-0), PW 110-0

(102-0), SB 43-0 (45-0), ASB 33-0 (34:9), PSB/|48-0 (34-0), SD 81+0

(68-0), A-P 39°0 (34-0), AM 58-0 (45-0), AL 55-0 (40-0), PL 70-0 (54-0),

Sens, 70°0 (65-0). ‘E

It is best considered as only a race or form of hitst? Sambon.

Plate 18, fig. J-L.

Description of Larvae. Shape ovate with sides somewhat flattened, Length

(engorged) to 6380p, width to 480,. Sentum as figured, irregularly punctate,

nearly twice as long as wide, anterior margin lightly sinuous; posterior margin

more than twice as deep as distance between SB and PL and rather evenly

curved, SB nearer to line of PL than to AL. Eyes 4+ 2, on distinct ocular

shields, fairly close to lateral scutal margins and posterior the smaller, Cheli-

cerae damaged in all specimens. Galeal setae ? Pali stout, with bifurcate

tibial claw; setae on femur with 2-3 short branches, often appearing nude; on

genu nude, on tibia, dorsal and lateral nude, but ventral branched; tarsi short

with sub-basal sensory rod and a subapical nude seta, and 6 ciliated setae, five

of which have 3-4 short stout branches, the other being stouter with more

branches and over-reaching the tip of palpal claw. Dorsal setae rather stiff and

blunt with short ciliations, 20 in number and arranged 2,6,6.4.2, to 50u long.

Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, a ciliated seta on each coxa,

a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter 6.2.2.2, to 30, long,

aud rather more slender than dorsal setae. Legs: 1 320u|Jong, II 300z, IIT 320,;

tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, TII with a long nude outstanding seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 10 paratypes are'as follows:

TROMBICULA SOBRINA Sp. Nn. |

Standard Theoretical Oheeryed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Rauge Variation

AW 97-11-00 3°33+0-71 87+1-107-1 91-0-103-0 3°

PW 111+3+1-09 3+610-77 100+5-122-1 107+0-119-0 a-3

8B 48-120°43 1:46240-31 43-8-52-4 46-0-51-0 3:0

ASB 27*550'41 1°35+0,29 23-5-31-6 26-0-30-0 4-9

PSE 34-00-53 1-760-38 28-7-3943 32°0-37°0 5-2

SD 61-40-90 3:98+0-63 5215-7094 58-0-66°0 4°8

A-P 34-20-52 1-72+6-36 29+1-39-3 32-0-37-0 5-0

AM 39.7+0-33 0-820-23 37-38-4261 38-0—40°0 2-0

AL 46-10-64 8-02+0°45 40°1-52-1 43 -0-50-0 4s4

PL 54-0+0-60 2:000-42 48-0-60-0 50-0-56-0. 37

Sens, 64-0 Only one determination.

86 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Loc. and Host. The type and 10 paratypes from a skink, Lygosome stanley-

anwm from the Wau-Edie Creek Rd., New Guinea, 11 Sept., 1944, along with

T. lygosomoides sp. n. collected by the late Dr. Consett Davies.

Remarks. This species in the bifureate palpal claw, the DS, and the punc-

tation of the scutum, is closely allied to 7. Airsti. It differs from that species,

however, in the scutum being very much wider than long, the ratio of PW/SD

=1°'86 (in hirsti PW/SD = 1-35 to 1-52) as in the key.

TROMBICULA ABLEPHARA 5p. 0D.

Plate 14, fig. A-C,

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (partially engorged) to 450p,

width to 360z. Dorsal seutum as figured, with strongly sinuous anterior margin

and evenly rounded posterior margin which is less than twice as deep as the

distance between line of SB and PL. SB nearer to PL than to Al, surface only

sparsely and irregularly punctate, sensillae missing in all specimens; scutal setae

short, pointed and shortly ciliated. Eyes 2 + 2, rather small, on distinct ocular

shields, posterior the smaller, Chelicerae damaged, Galeal setae nude. Palpi

stout with bifurcate tibial claw; setae on femur, genu and tibia all nude; tarsi

with sub-bagal sensory rod, and subapical nude seta, and 5-6 ciliated setae, one

of which over-reaches tip of claw. Dorsal setae stiff and only slightly curved,

shortly ciliated, 22 in number, to 35 long and arranged 2.6,6.4.2.2. Ventrally

with paired branched setae on maxillae, a single ciliated seta on each coxa, a

pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 4.2.2.2, to 30u

long. Legs: I 240y long, IF 210», ITT 240p; tarsi I and If with dorsal sensory

rod, III with a long outstanding nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 3 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 73-2520-75 1-50+0-53 68-75-77-75 72-0-75-0 2-0

PW 90-21-25 2-50+0:88 82°7-97-7 87-0-93-0 2-7

8B 36-00-58 1-150°41 32-65-39 +4 35-0-37-0 B43

A&B 21-0 No variation reeorded,

PS8 31-0+0:53 1-15+0-41 27- 65-34-45 40-0-32-0 5-7

sD §2-0+40-58 1°15+0+41 48+5-55-4 51+0-53-0 2-2

A-P 29-00-41 0.81+0+29 266-3174 28-0-30-0 2°85

AM 2440 No variation recorded.

AL 24-50-50 1-00+0-35 21-5-27-5 24-0-26-0 4-1

PL 32.5240-50 1:00+0-35 29-5-85-5 32.0-34:0 3-1

Sens. Missing in all specimens,

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 87

Loc. and. Host. The type and 8 paratypes from a skink Ablepharus

boutom from Port Moresby, New Guinea, July, 1944, collected by the late

Dr. Consett Davies.

Remarks. Although the sensillae are missing in t specimens, this species

is undoubtedly a true Trombicula in the older sense. It differs from the closely

allied species as given in the key, |

Another smal] population from a skink Lygosoma (Leiolopisma) challengeri

from Mt. Lamington, National Park, Queensland, Dée, 1948 (H.W.) is also

referred to this species, although the Standard Data |are significantly greater

and suggest a different race or form. The Standard Data for 7 specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, af

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 86-81-22 3-23+0-86 77:1-96-5 §4-0-92-4 3-7

PW 1048148 3-911-05 93-1-116-5 98-0-109-28 a7

8B 46-01-03 2-7380°73 B7-B-54-2 | 49-0-50+4 5:9

ASB 25-2 No variation recorded.

PSB 28-0 No variation recorded;

SD «BB? No variation recorded.

A-P 32-40-56 1-500:40 27+9-36-9 308-336 4-6

AM 30-8 . No variation recorded.

AT, 33-2040 1-06+0-28 30+ 0-86-4 380-8-33-6 3-2

PL 44<40°73 1-93+0-52 38-6-50-2 42:0-47-6 4-3

Sens, 60-7+0-:93 1:620-66 55-9-65-5 58-8-61-6 B67

TromBicuLa (TromsicuLa) wicHMmannt (Ouds, 1905).

Trombidium wichmanni Ouds. 1905. Ent. Ber., 1, (22),/217; idem, Nova Guinea,

1905, 5, 106, 182, pl. IV, fig. 67-68; idem, 1908, Tijds. Entom,, 51, 25, 52, 38.

Allothrombium wichmanni Ouds. 1906. Ent. Ber. 2, (28), 58-59.

Trombidium (Heterotrombidium) wichmanni, Verdun 1909 in Cr. Soc. Biol.,

Paris, 67, 246.

Microtrombidium wichmanni Ouds. 1909, Ent. Ber., 3, (50), 20; idem, 1912,

Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 14, 9.

Trombicula medioeris Berl, 1912, Redia, 8, (1), 93; Hatori 1919, Ann. Trop.

Med, Parasitol, 13, 233; Kawamura and Yamaguchi 1921, Kitasato

Archiv. Exper. Med., 4, 169.

Trombicula pseudoakamushi Hatori 1920 (non Tanaka), Taiwan Igakai Zasshi,

No. 209. Pt. IT; idem, Ann, Trop, Med. Parasitol, 18, 233; Kawamura and

Yamaguchi 1921, Kitasato Archiy. Exper, Med., 4, |169.

Trombicula hirsti, Gater 19382, ParasitoL, 24, 147.

88 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Trombicula wichmanni, Gunther 1940, Proc. Linn, Soe. New South Wales, 65,

(5, 6), 480; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy, Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1),

92.

Trombicula hatorii Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67,

(1), 92.

Trombicula (Eutrombicula) wichmanni, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das

Tierreich, Lfg., 7b, 277.

Plate 14, fig. D-G,

Oudemans originally described T. wichmanni from the Crowned Pigeon

Goura coronata from New Guinea, and from man in the North Celebes.

In 1940, Gunther recorded it from the mouse deer, Tragulus borneanus

from British North Borneo. Of his material four specimens were reported on by

Wowesley and Heaslip in 1943 and the Standard Data therefrom given.

In 1919 Hatori referred to, but did not describe a larval Trombicula from

Formosa under the name of ‘‘pseudoakamushi (non Tanaka)’’ and claimed to

have reared larvae from captured adults considered ta be identical with

T. medioorts Berl: Later in 1921 Kawamura and Yamaguchi working also

on Formosan material described and figured in detail the larvae of what they

regarded as Hatori’s species; they also obtained adults and affirmed Hatori’s

view that the larvae were those of mediocris Berl.

In 1943 Womersley and Heasltp after showing that the name psewmdoaka-

mushi was invalid, named the Formosan larvae as hatorti and gave the Standard

Data based on figures and measurements of Kawamura and Yamaguchi.

The identity of the larvae with the adult mediacris was still regarded as

not finally proven. They were, however, shown to he closely allied to wichmanni

Ouds., only differing in the higher values of AM, AL, PL and Sens. and in the

posterior scutal margin not being so sinuous medially but more evenly rounded.

IT have received from Maj. R. N. McCulloch four adult Trombicula collected

in soil in New Guinea, from whieh he successfully reared a number of larvae,

These adults, as discussed in the Adult Section of this paper, proved upon

examination to agree with the figures and data given by Kawamura and Yama-

guchi for their Formosan mediocris. They also agreed with Berlese’s descrip-

tion except that he gives the colour as. white whereas. the Formosan and New

Guinea specimens were red in lite. Berlese’s material, however, may have be-

eome bleached in spirit. ;

In describing his methods of rearing larvae from adults captured in the

field, Maj. McCulloch writes:

“The adult specimens later determined as mediocrig were collected at Lae

on April 9th and 10th, 1944. In searching for them and keeping them (and also

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACcIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 39

the larvae) in the laboratory I followed the advice of|Maj. G. M. Kohls. In

jungle where larval mites were relatively numerous, litter was scraped from

the soil and adults watched for on the surface, then in the top inch of soil and

finally in some patches by digging and crumbling the soi] down to about 6 inches,

“*In two days about 15 adult red Trombiculids ware found in or close to

the surface. There were also present at various depths more numerous and

larger mites, probably adult Erythraeidae, ete, The adult Trombiculids were

tubed individually, each with about a teaspoonful of moist. soil, previously

sterilized by steaming, from the locality. The test-tubés were closed by corks,

perforated to allow aeration, covered with calico and inverted into the tubes to

give a tight fit so that the larvae could not force their ie into any space between

the edge cf the cork and the glass.

“The specimens were kept in the laboratory where the temperature varied

hetween 74° F_in the early morning and 85°-88° F, in the afternoon, A few

drops of water were added to the soil in each tube from time to time and a

little condesed moisture was always present on the inner wall of the tube. In

this manner, larvae of Schéngastia blestowei were kept alive for as long as 46

days.

‘*The living adult Trombiculids were examined from time to time as other

work allowed. On May 15th it was observed that one adult had produced more

than a dozen larvae apparently sometime earlier. No eggs were found. Some of

the other adults had died, and the remainder had then to be killed. The

specimens of larvae and adults were then forwarded to' Adelaide for identifica-

tion.”

This species is certainly very closely related to hirsfi Sambon as was shown

by Sambon 1927. The difference of the evenly curved posterior seutal margin

in hirsti (sie minor) and the medially sinuous margin in unchmanni, given by

Womersley and Heaslip in 1943 is not easy to use in prpctice. The two species

differ more markedly, however, in the greater depth of the posterior scutal

margin in hérsti, than in wichmannt. In hersti, the ereatest depth of the pos-

terjor margin beyond the line of PL is twice or more, than the distance

between the lines of SB and PL; in wichmanni it is less than twiee the distance.

The relationship of T. (T.) wichmanni (Ouds:) to) other species ig shown

in the new key to the species. Along with T. (7.) ablephara sp. n. it differs

from T. (7.) hirstt Sambon and T. (7T.) sobrina sp, n.| in the much shallower

posterior scutal margin. From gblephara it, differs in having both the femoral

and ventro-tibial setae of the palpi branched. The surface of the dorsal scutum

is distinctly striate-punctate as is clearly indicated in Oudemans’ figures, and

in this feature wichmanni is closely related to the scincoides-kohisi-tovelli wroup,

but differs in the presence of a long nude seta on tarsi ITT,

90 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

As in other species of which a fair amount of material from different

localities is available for study, the different populations show significant varia-

tions in the Standard Data measurements.

Four of these populations have been examined biometrically, as given in

Table B. The populations are:

I. Borneo: Six specimens from ©, Gunther from the mouse deer,

Tragulus borneanus, from Bode River, 1939; eleven specimens collected

by R. N. McCulloch as follows: Labuan, 17 June, 1945, on boots (1);

Limbang, 22 July, 1945, on boots (3); Balikpapan, 28 Aug., 1945 (1);

ditto, 1 Sept., 1945, on rotten log (1); Brunei, 8 July, 1945, on boots

(1), 20 July, 1945, on boots (3); (seventeen specimens in all),

II. Celebes: Morotai, Halmahera, on boots in Sabala scrub, 13 and 14 May,

1945, (8 spec.}, (R.N.McC.).

Ill. New Guinea: Lae 11 Mar., 1944 (1), 17 Apr., 1944 (1) on boots

(R.N.McC.); Dobodura, 6 Sept., 1943 (1 on man), (R.N.McC.) ; Dobo-

dura, June, 1944, on snake (5), (GQ. M. Kohls); Lae, 10 Apr., 1944, (1

spec. reared from adult identified as 7’, mediocris. Berl.), (R.N.McC.),

nine specimens in all).

IV. Philippine Island: Bagabag, Luzon, 10 Ang., 1945, (6 spec. off Man),

(C, B. Philip and A. Mundan).

From the Analysis of Variance of these populations (Table B) it is

geen that the variation between the populations is significantly different from

the variation within the populations at the 0-1% level of probability.

Similarly the Difference of Means of the Standard Data of the population

from Borneo compared with those of other populations in general, also shows

significant variations as in the following table.

TABLE A,

Significance of Differences of Standard Data of 3 Populations of T. (T.) wich-

manni compared with a fourth populations from Borneo, at 5%, 1% and

’ 0-1% probability.

AW PW 8B ASB PSB SD A-P AM AL PL = #ens.

Gelebes +++ +++4+4+4+ — +4 + Ft ttt 44+ =

NewGninea — — ++4++ —+++44++ + $4444 444+

Philippines = — +++ +++ —~—+4++ 4+ t+ F4¢+ +4 +

— Not significant +--+ Significant at 1 p.c.

+ Significant at 5 p.c. +++ Significant at 0-1 p.c.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPpHUS MITES

As the values of F in the Analysis of Variance

although significant at the 0:1% level of probability

are very much lower than those found in the different

sis and akamushi, it would seem uncertain whether the populations of wich-

manm are sufficiently distinct to justify racial trinomi

it seems advisable to do no more than indicate that in

are biometric differenees between the populations front different areas.

TABLE B.

Frequency of different values of Standard Data in

tions of Trombicula wichmanni (Ouds.).

N.B.—The variance Ratio (F) from Fisher’s tables for n/no at the 0°1%

level is given in parenthesis.

AW = Anterior width of dorsal seutum as measured between ALi

AW I

83 1/83

86 4/344

as 3/264

89 2/179

90 5/450

91 -

94 2/188

100

101

17/1507

Maem 88 -65-40-68

Ste, 2-8120-48

Variability.

Between Groups

Within Groups

int in Fisher’s Tables,

populations of 7. delien-

the above populations,

names. For the present

he Standard Data, there

microns for four popula-

I III IV Total

1/83 166

2/170 170

2/172 516

264

1/89 267

4/360 810

2/182 1/91 273

1/93 1/98 186

188

2/194 194

1/101 101

3/295 9/789 6/544 3,135

98-31-34 87-552: -14 90-70-49

2-32+0-95 3438-40-81 1+21+0-35

Analysis of Variance.

£. Mean &q. F.

3 95-2889 12-37 (7-05)

31 7-7001

92 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PW = Posterior width of seutum as measured between PL.

PW I II IIL Iv Total

95 1/95 95

97 2/194 194

100 1/100 100

101 4/404 2/202 606

102

103

104 9/936 3/312 1/104 1,352

105

106 1/106 106

107

108 2/216 1/108 1/108 432

109

110 2/220 220

111 1/111 2/222 333

112

113

114

115 2/230 . 230

17/1,762 3/341 9/911 6/654 3,668

Mctoy, 103-65-+0-56 113-741-384 101-2+1-41 109+0-1-09

Se 2+31+0-40 2+32-+0-95 4-24+1-0 2-68:40-77

Analysis of Variance.

Variability. f. Mean Sq. F.

Between Groups 3 159-8318 17°94 (7-05)

Within Groups 31 8-9066

SB = as measured between sensillae bases.

SB I II ul IV Total

40 1/40 40

42 1/42 1/42 84

43 11/473 1/48 516

45 2/90 4/180 1/45 315

47 2/94 1/47 2/94 5/235 470

48 1/48 48

49 i

50 2/100 100

17/739 3/147 9/407 6/280 1,573

Mou 43-35+0-41 49-0+1-0 45-20-64 46-70-33

8¢, 1*700-29 1-7340°-71 1-92+0-45 0-82-0°23

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

Variability.

Between Groups

Within Groups

Analysis of Variance.

Mean Sq.

34-9205

2-7459

12-7 (7-05)

ASB = distance between anterior margin of dorsal seutum and a line joining centres of

sensillag bases.

ASB 1

27 1/27

29 5/145

32 11/352

17/542

M-toy 30-8=0-41

Ste, 1-700-29

Variability,

Between Groups

Within Groups

II III Iv Total

4/104 104

1/27 54

3/87 232

3/96 1/32 6/192 672

3/96 9/250 6/192 1,062

32°0 27-80-70 32-0

_ 2-1120-50 —

Analysis of Variance.

f. Mean Sq. ¥,

3 29-8595 11°28 (7-05)

31 2-646

PSB = distance between posterior margin of dorsal scutum and a line joining sensillae bases.

PSB I II Itt IV Total

30 2/60 2/60 120

32 10/320 6/192 512

34 2/68 68

36 3/108 3/108 1/36 6/216 468

17/556 3/108 9/288 6/216 1,168

M+cy 32-70-45 36-0 32-0-40-99 36-0

Ste, 1-860°+32 — 2-19-50+73 _—

Analysis of Variance,

Variability. f. Mean Sq. F

Between Groups 3 28-8807 11+26 (7-05)

Within Groups 31 2-5655

SD = total depth of dorsal seutum = ASB + PSB,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

8D I It Tit IV Total

56 1/56 56

57 1/57 57

58 3/174 174

59 1/59 2/118 177

61 4/244 2/122 366

64 6/384 384

66 2/132 132

68 3/204 3/204 6/408 816

17/1,080 3/204 8/470 6/408 2,162

Mey 63-50-77 68-0 58°7540-51 68-0

Ste, 3-180°55 _ 1-6740-42 _—

Analysis of Variance.

Variability. f. Mean Sq. BR

Between Groups 3 120-8333 19-94 (7-05)

Within Groups 30 6-0575

A-~P = distance between AL and PL.

A-P I i III IV Total

32 1/32 8/256 288

33 1/33 1/33 66

35 4/140 140

36 6/216 2/72 288

37 1/37 37

39 5/195 2/78 4/156 429

17/616 3/115 9/289 6/228 1,248

Matonu 36-20-52 38-30-67 32-10-11 38-00-63

S-te, 2-140-37 1°16+0-47 0°330-08 1+5520-45

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

Analysis of Variance.

Variability. f. Mean Sq. F.

Between Groups 3 57-7571 20-42 (7-05)

Within Groups 31 28585

AM = length of antero-median scutal seta.

AM I II Iii IV Total

39 1/39 39

40 1/40 1/40 2/80 160

41 1/41 41

42 1/42 42

43 2/86 2/86 2/86 258

45 2/90 90

47 4/188 188

48 1/48 1/48 96

50 4/200 3/150 350

1/54 54

15/694 3/126 7/294 4/204 1,318

Matcoyy 46-32b0-82 42-0+1-0 42-04%1°15 51-021:0

8xt¢, 3°190-58 1-730°71 3-°05-0-82 2-00-71

Analysis of Variance.

Variability. f. Mean Sq. PF

Between Groups 3 84-0797 9-69 (7-45)

Within Groups 25 8-6773

AL = length of antero-lateral scutal setae.

AL I II III Iv Total

43 1/43 43

45 2/90 90

47 3/141 141

48 1/48 2/96 144

49 ,

300

50 5/250 1/50

96 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

AL I it Tit IV Total

51 1/51 51

52 1/52 1/52 104

54 9/486 1/54 1/54 594

56 1/56 56

57 3/171 171

61 1/61 61

17/887 3/141 8/385 6/342 1,755

Mao 52°2-0-52 47-0 48-11-32 57-00-93

Ste, 2°130-36 — 3°7440-94 2+28--0-66

Analysis of Variance.

Variability. f. Mean Sq. F,

Between Groups 3 112-7279 16-92 (7-05)

Within Groups 30 66615

PL = length of postero-lateral scutal setae.

PL I I III IV Total

st i a eg Cl ee EE ee

50 2/100 100

53 1/53 53

54 2/108 108

55 2/110 110

56 2/112 112

57 1/57 1/57 114.

58 1/58 58

60 2/126 120

61 7/427 1/61 1/61 549

62 1/62 62

63 2/126 1/63 189

64 2/128 128

65- 1/65 1/65 130

68 3/204 204

17/1,043 3/165 8/436 6/393 2,037

Mooy, 61-3540-5 - §5*04%1-0 54-51-23 65-52£1-23

S-to, 2-060-35 1-73+0-71 3-580-90 3-010-87

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 97

Analysis of Variance.

Variability, f. Mean 8q. F,

Between Groups 3 176-451 25°28 (7-05)

Within Groups 30 6-9794

Sens. = length of sensillae.

Sens. I Ir Tir IV Total

60 1/60 60

64 3/192 192

65 ; 1/65 1/65 130

66 1/66 66

68 4/272 2/136 408

69 °

70 2/140 1/70 210

72 5/360 360

75 1/75 75

12/847 2/185 5/318 8/201 1,501

Maen 70°640-66 67-522°5 63-60-99 67-0+1:°0

Sto, 2-27-F0+46 3-5341°77 2+20+0-69 1-730-70

Analysis of Variance.

Variability. £. Mean Sq. F,

Between Groups 8 59-749 11-367 (8-49)

Within Groups 18 5-2564

A further population of nineteen specimens collected from a species of

Lygosoma at Kerowie, N.G. at 5,000 feet by the late Dr. Consett Davis has the

following Standard Data. It comes very close to the small population from

the Celebes reported above, in that it does not differ significantly at the 0-1%

level of probability.

98 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 98-20-53. 2-32+0-38 91+3-105-1 94-0-101-0 2-4

PW 113-250-434 1°94-0-31 107-45-119:05 110-0-117-0 1-7

8B 48-85-+0°39 1-7120°28 43-7-54'0 45-0-52-0 395

ABB 27-30-35 1+530-25 22+7-31-9 25-0-29-0 5-6

PSB 32+440°15 0+84+0-12 29-9-84-9 32-0-34-0 2-6

8D 59-85+0-44 1-920+31 54°1-65+6 57-0-63-0 3-2

A-P 36-2520-°45 1-872+0-32 30-35-4215 32-0-39-0 §e4

AM 35°95+0746 2:03-0:33 29-3-42 +0 32+0-39°0 56

AL 45-0+0°46 2:00+0+32 39+0-51-0 43-0-47-0 4-4

PL 53-120'60 2-624-0-42 45+3-60°9 47-0-57-0 4-9

Sens. 67-00-80 3-40+0-+57 568-772 61-0—72-0 5-0

From Malaya (Kuala Lumpur district) also I have been able to study a

large number of specimens of wichmanni, and from this population of 47 speci-

mens, including 17 of Gater’s original Malayan material labelled as ‘‘Trombi-

cula hirsti Sambon’’, the Standard Data is as follows: The slides of Gater’s

and the other material were kindly sent to me by Dr. J, R. Audy. ;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 88°540-40 2*740-28 80+3-96-7 84-0-95-2 3-1

PW 3107-7520:50 3+46£0-36 97-4-118+1 103 -€-114-8 3-2

SB 45-30-17 1+20+40+12 41-7-48-D 44-8-50-4 2-6

ASB 31-75+0-21 2480-15 27+45-36-°05 28-0-33°6 4-5

PSB 34-5520126 1780-18 29-2-39-9 30-8~36-4 5<2

8D 66-30-41 2°83+0:-29 57-8-74-8 61-6-70°0 4S

A-P 36-4 No yariation recorded.

AM 49-1+0:°36 2°2020°25 42-5-55-+7 42-0-50-4 4-4

AL 53*820:44 2-800-31 45-4-62-3 47°6-58-8 62

PL 60*2+0-39 2+480-27 52° 8-67 -6 532-64 -4 4-1

Sens, 61-70-28 1-330120 57-7-65-7 58*8-64-4 2+1

TromBiouLa ANOUS (Wharton 1945).

Acariscus anous Wharton 1945, J, Parasitol., 31, (6), 403,

Plate 14, fig. HJ.

This species was recently described by Dr. G. W. Wharton for specimens

found on the wings of the Tattler, Anous stolidus and Noddy, Heteroscelus

incanus from Ypao Point, Guam, 27 May, 1925. I am gratefully indebted to

him for the presentation of two paratypes from which the following details. and

the figures are taken.

The body shape is ovoid. The length of engorged specimens to 390,, and the

width to 3004. The scutum is sparsely and finely punctate, and as figured, with

the anterior margin strongly sinuate and posterior margin moderately deep

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 99

bebind line of PL; sensillae bases distinctly in advance of PL. Byes 2+ 2, on

distinct ocular shields, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae with only the usual

apical tricuspid eap. Geleal setae nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw rather strongly

curved and bifureate ; seta on palpal femur with 5-6 branches, fine; on genu with

2-3 short branches; all setae on tibia apparently nude. Dorsal setae long and

slender, with fine ciliations, ta 70. long, and arranged ea. 2.8.8.6.4.4.2 — 34 in

number. Ventrally with the usual pair of branched setae on gnathosoma, a

single seta on each coxa, a pair between ¢oxae I and between coxae III and

thereafter approximately 8,8.8.6,4.4.2. to 40. long. Tarsi of leg III with a long

nude seta, The Standard Data are: AW 103-0, PW 118-0, SB 44-0, ASB

36-0, PSB 23-0, SD 59-0, A—P 32-0, AM 43-0, AL 60-0, PL 85-0, Sens. 90-0.

TROMBICULA PLUVIUS (Wharton 1945).

Acariscus pluvins Wharton 1945, J. Parasitol., 31, (6), 401.

Plate 14, fig. K-M.

Dr. G. W. Wharton has very kindly furnished me with two paratypes from

the Noddy, Anous tenuirostris, from the Jaba River, Bougainville, 9 Jan., 1945,

from which the following details and the figures are drawn.

Shape of body ovoid. Length (engorged) 450n, width 3604, Dorsal sentum

sparsely and finely punctate, but smaller than in anous and with the posterier

scutal margin very shallow behind line of PL; sensillae bases slightly anterior of

PL. Eyes 2 -+ 2, on distinct ocular shields and posterior the smaller. Chelicerae

simple, with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude, Palpi stout, with

bifureate, strongly curved tibial claw; seta on palpal femur with short branches;

all setae on genu and tibia apparently nude. Dorsal setae long, finely ciliated,

to 70 long, and arranged approximately 2.10.8.8.4.4.2 — 38 in number, Vent-

rally with the usual pair of branched setae on gnathosoma, one on each coxa, a

pair between coxae I and between coxae ITI and thereafter approximately

10.8.8.8.6.4.2 = 46. Tarsi of leg III with a long nude outstanding seta, The

Standard Data are: AW 86-0, PW 90:0, SB 36-0, ASB 29-0, PSB 16-0, SD

45-0, A~P 30-0, AM 50-0, AL 40-0, PL 72-0, Sens. 60:0.

Loc, Cape Torokina, Empress Augusta Bay, Bougainville Island, Austra-

lian Mandate; Ypao Point, Guam, Mariana Istands.

Hosts, Pluvialis dominica, Anous tenuirostris, Anous stolidus, .Hetero-

scelus incanus. ‘

Remarks, This and the preceding species are very close together in the

eurved bifurcate palpal claw and the general form of the scutum, but. differ in

the size of the seutum and in the number and arrangement of DS.

100 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

TROMBICULA LYGOSOMOIDES Sp. 0.

Plate 15, fig. A-D.

Description of Lervae. Shape oval. Length unfed, 345y; width 240p.

Dorsal seutum lightly and irregularly punctate, much wider than long, anterior

margin slightly concave, posterior margin flattened medially and laterally

rather angular (see Pl. 15, fig. A); sensillae bases only slightly in advance of

line of PL. Byes 2+ 2, on distinct ocular shields, posterior eyes the smaller.

Chelicerae with only the usual tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude, Palpi stout,

tibial claw bifurcate, setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia all nude; tarsi with

basal and subapical sensory rods, and 5 or 6 ciliated setae, one of which is longer

and stronger than the others and over-reaches the tip of the tibial claw. Dorsal

setae 26(28) in number, arranged 2.6(8).6.6.4,2, to 55» long. Ventrally with

the usual pair of branched setae on gnathosoma, a ciliated seta on each coxa, a

pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter 4.2.2.2, to 25p long.

Legs: I 300» long, If 2804, ITI 2300p; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal rod-

like seta, and tarsi ITI with a long outstanding nude seta.

The Standard Data, in microns derived from seven specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 102-7+0-86 2+29--0-6] 95-85-109-55 100-0-106-0 2-25

PW 1238-00-64 1680-45 118 -0-128-0 120-0-124-0 1-4

8B 47-60-61 1-62240:43 42°8-52-4 45-0-50-0 3-4

ASB 29-0 No variation recorded.

PSB 37-10-67 1-770+47 31-8-42-4 35-0—40-0. 4-8

sD 65-90-67 4A-7740-47 60-6-71'2 64-0-69°0 2-7

A-P 33-90-55 1:46+0-31 29-5-38-3 32-0-35-0 4-3

AM 38-30-84 2°07+0°59 32*1-44-5 35-0-40-0 5-4

AL 47-70-80 1-970-57 41°+8-53°6 46-0-50-0 Bel

PL 53+1rh1+18 3+11+0-83 43°8-§2-4 50-0-56-0 5+8

Sens. 64-0 Only one determination.

Loc. Seven specimens from the lizard Lygosoma stanleyanum, from the

Wau-Edie Creek Rd., T.N.G., 11 Sept., 1944, collected by the late Dr. Consett

Davis.

Remarks, In the bifureate tibial claw this species is a Hutrombicula in

Ewing’s. original definition, but in the number of dorsal setae it comes into

Acariscus as separated later by the same author, both of which genera are now

considered synonymous with Trombicula.

It may be separated from its allies as in the key to species and on the form

of the dorsal scutum,

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 101

TromercuLa (TROMBICULA) SAMBONI Wom, 1939,

Trombicula samboni Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. 5S. Aust., 63 (2), 153;

ibid, 1948, 67, (1), 95.

Trombicula hirsti Hirst 1929, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist,, (10), 3, 564; nec Sambon

1927; Womersley 1934, Ree. 8. Aust. Mus., 5, (2), 212, mec Sambon 1927.

Plate 15, fig. E-H.

This species is distinguished from 7. hirst; Sambon 1927 in the number of

DS. YT. samboni is a common species in the south-east of South Australia,

while hirstt is a Queensland and New Guinea species.

In the new key to species it comes.close to lygosomoides sp. n. but is easily

distinguished by the shape of the dorsal seutum, and the setae on the palpal

femur and genu, and ventrally on the tibia, being branched.

From the following species, T, (N.) sarcina (Wom. 1944), which is also a

Queensland species, it differs in having only 26, instead of 28 DS, and more

particularly in that in sarcina the posterior 12 DS are not in regular transverse

rows, but arranged in two lateral clusters of 6 each, which have the counter-

part on the ventral surface.

The following Standard Data in microns is derived from 20 specimens:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 87°80-87 3-9040-61 76-1-99-5 830-96 -0 4g

PW 97°7+0-83 4°18+0-+66 85-2-110°2 93-0-108-( 4-2

8B 39-70-50 2-240-35 33-0-+46-4 37+ 0-450 5+6

ASB 39°05+0-44 1-9640-31 33°15-44-95 35-0-42-0 5:0

PSB 29-20-32 1+44--0-23 24-9-33+5 27-0-33°0 4:9

8D 68-2-+0-63 | 2-81+0-44 59+8-76°6 62+0-74.0 41

A-P 31-60-30 1:3640+21 27-5357 29-0-33-0 4-3

AM 40-30-32 1-180+22 - 36-8-43+8 38-0-43-0 2-9

AL 45-20-48 2:0640+34 39-0-51-4 43-0-50-0 4:5

PL 52-10-43 1-920-30 46+3-57 +9 50+ 0-56 +0 3-7

Sens, 72-2-40°95 3-29+0-67 62-3-82:1 68-0-80+0 4:6

TromaBrcuLa (Nrorromeicuna) sarcina (Wom, 1944).

Trombicula sarcina Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Aust., 68, (1), 95; Gill,

Moule and Riek, 1945, Aust. Vet. J:, 32, fig.

Plate 15, fig. I-L.

This is a very striking species, in that the posterior dorsal and ventral setae

are arranged into two lateral clusters. It is an important economic species, for

although its natural host is the Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus (Zimmer-

102 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

mann), in the Clermont district of Queensland it has been found to cause a

serious ‘‘'Trombidiosis’’ of sheep. (See Gill et al., A. Vet. J., 1945, p, 22).

In the revised key to species it comes next to T. (T.) samboni Wom, from

South Australia, but it is at once distinguished by the postero-lateral clusters

of dorsal setae. It is also related to T. (?7.) macropus (Wom, 1936) and

T. (?T.) riot (Gunther 1939) but apart from other minor differences the pos-

terior dorsal setae in these are not in two clusters, and the total dorsal setae

are more in these two species.

The following Standard Data are derived from 9 specimens of the original

material ;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean . Deviation Range Range Variation

AW §3-340-72 2°18+0-51 76-8-89-3 80-0-86-0 2-6

PW 92+441-16 3-47-+0-82 82-0-102-2 36+0-96-0 3-7

8B 40-00-41 1-220-29 36-3-43-7 38-0-41-6 3-0

ASB 27-0 No variation recorded. : ;

P8B 34-90-36 1-09+0-26 31-6-23:3 32°0-37-0 3-1

8D. 62°00'43 1°32+0-31 58-0-66-0 59 *0-64-0 2-7

A-P 33-50-38 1:13+0-27 80-1-36-9 32°0-35°0 - 3-4

AM 31-50-71 2-12+0-50 25-1-37-9 29-0-33-0 6-8

AL 490-140-438 1-45220-34 35-7-44-5 38-0-42-0 3°6

PL 46-10-82 2-47+0-58 38-7-53°5 43-0-50-0 5-3

Sens. 64-31-66 4:08+1°18 52°1-76-5 60-+0-70-0 6°83

TROMBICULA KANZALWANENSIS ap, 1.

Plate 21, fig. H-L,

Description of Larvae, Shape ovoid. Length (unengorged) 2604, width

182p. Seutum finely punctate, shaped as figured with deep, evenly rounded

posterior margin; SB slightly behind line of PL, Eyes 2 -+ 2, on ocular shields,

posterior the smaller. Palpi with bifurcate tibial claw; setae on femur and

genu strongly branched, on tibia only the ventral branched, Chelicerae simple,

with only the apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae strongly

ciliated, ca, 52 in number, arranged 3 humeral on each side to 53» long, then

10,2 (lateral) .8.2:10.8.4.2, te 42 long. Ventrally with a pair of branched setae

on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae J and between coxae ITI,

and thereafter ca. 12.8.6.6.6.4, to 454 long. Coxae finely punctate. Legs: 1 270n

long, II 240p, IIT 280n; coxae I and If with dorsal sensory rod; tarsi III with

a long nude outstanding seta; telofemur of leg I with a pair of very long

straight outstanding ciliated setae; telofemur of legs II and III with one such

seta.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 103

The Standard Data for the type and one paratype are:

AW PW SB ASB PSB SD A-P AM AL PL Sens.

Type 70:0 89-6 30°8 28:0 28:0 56-0 25-2 42:0 42-0 560 70-0

Para-

type 75°6 95-2 33-6 28-0 28-0 56-0 25:2 42:0 42-0 56-0 70-0

Loc. and Host. The type and one paratype from rats, Kanzalwan, India,

Oct. 10-11th, 1946 (8S. L. Kalra).

Remarks. A characteristic species on the humeral setae, and the long stiff

outstanding ciliated setae on telofemora of legs.

TROMBICULA MACROPUS Wom, 1936,

Trombicula macropus Womersley 1936, J. Linn. Soe., London (Zool,), 40, (269),

112; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 97;

Sig Thor and Willmann 1947. Das Tierreich, Lfg., 71b, 272.

Plate 16, fig, A-D.

As stated above, this species is closely related to T. (N.) sarcina (Wom.)

and to T. (?7.) riot (Gunther), differing from both in the number of dorsal

setae as given in the key, and from the former in that the posterior dorsal setae

are not in two groups. It was originally deseribed from specimens found in

the groin of a wallaby, Macropus sp., from Darwin, Northern Territory of

Australia. No fresh material has come to hand and the following Standard

Data is given from 5 specimens of the original material -

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW §3-4--1-03 2300-73 76+5-90°3 80-0-85-0 2-7

PW 89-8073 1-6420-52 84-9-94.7 88-0-91-0 1°8

SB 36-00-63 1-4120+45 31+8-40°2 34-0-37-0 3-9

ASR 27-00-63 1+41+0-45 22-8-31-2 25-0-29-0 5-2

PSB 34-20-49 1-90-35 30-9-37°5 33+0-35-0 3-2

sD 61-20-89 1:99+0-63 55-3-67+1 60-0-64-0 3+2

A-P $1+60+40 0-890-28 28-9-34°3 30-0-32-0 2-8

AM 35-70-77 1-1520-54 32°2-39-2 35°0-37:0 3-2

AL 40-0 No variation recorded.

PL 54-021-09 2-50+0°77 46°7-61°3 50-0-56-0 4-5

Sens. 72-0 No variation recorded.

104 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

TrompicuLa Riot Gunther 1939,

Trombicula rioi Gunther 1939, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.W., 64, (1-2), 80; Womers-

ley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 91.

Plate 16, fig, E-H.

Although closely related to the preceding species, in that the posterior

dorsal setae are somewhat clustered together, this species differs in the total

number of dorsal setae and the size of the dorsal seutum.

The palpi are stout, and the bifurcate tibial claw rather short. The seta on

the palpal femur is strongly branched, on the genu and the dorsal and lateral

on the tibia are nude, the ventral tibial seta is branched. The chelicerae has

only the apical tricuspid cap and the galeal setae are nude and strong. The

posterior dorsal setae are stronger and more strongly ciliated than the anterior

ones, Tarsi IIT has a long nude outstanding seta.

In addition to the type and 3 paratypes reported on by Womersley and

Heaslip 1943, an additonal 9 specimens collected from the mound of a bush

turkey at Dobodura, N.G., 13 July, 1944, by Maj. G. M. Kohis haye now been

seen.

The Standard Data in microns derived from these 9 specimens and two para-

types are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 104-40+93 3-090 66 95-+1-113+7 100 -8-112-0 2-9

Pw 117-1+1°26 4-170:89 104-6-129*6 112-0-123-2 376

SB 55°7540-59 1-960 +42 49-+9-61-6 53-2-58-8 315

ASB 33°850°25 0-84=2-0+18 31-3-36-4 33°6-36+4 25

PSE 34-10-34 1-130-24 20+7-37°5 33 «6-36°4 3rd

8D 68-040139 1-310-28 64-1-71'9 67+2-70-0 1-9

_A-P 33-60-38 4+250-27 29-8-37-4 30+8-36 +4 3-7

AM 60.-7+1-16 B-49-b0-82 §0-2-71-2 56-0-64-4 5-7

AL 65-2521-51 4.7641+07 50+95-79-75 61+6+72-8 73

PL 67-51-48 4/92+1-05 §2-7-82-3 61-6-75-6 73

Sens. 68°4-41°03 2-73840+73 60-2-76-6 64-4-70-0 4-0

TROMBICULA COLUBERINA (Radford 1946),

Fonsecia coluberina Radford 1946, Proce. Zool, Soc. London, 116, (2), 249.

Plate 16, fig, [-L.

In 1942 (Parasitology, 34, 55-81) Radford erected the genus Fonsecia for

the two South American species Trombicula travassost Fonseca 1935 and

7’. ewingi Fonseca 1932, citing Hwingi as the type. The generic separation was

based only on the fact that in both these species the AL setae and in travassosi

also the AM seta, are short and stumpy and nude.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC Scrus TYPHUS MITES 105

In the writer’s opinion these features are insufficient to separate these

' species generically from Trombicula s..., and until the adults and nymphs are

imown even subgeneric separation seems undesirable.

Tn 1946, Radford described and ascribed to hig genus a third species,

coluberina from a Copper-headed rat snake (Coluber radiatus Schlegel) from

Imphal, Manipur State, India, and also recorded the same species from a cobra

(Nava trigudians fusciatus Gray) from Imphal.

As in eunngi the AM and PL scutal setae are long and filamentous, but are

stated to be “‘unfeathered.”’ The dorsal scutum is longer than wide, with the

posterior margin evenly rounded, ‘The eyes are 2+ 2, but very small. No

details of the palpi are given. The dorsal setae, similar to the scutal setae, are

nude; they number 32, to 30u long and are atranged 2.6.8.6.6.4. The ventral

setae are also simple, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between

eoxae III and thereafter ca, 50, posteriorly the longest. Apparently no long

nude seta on tarsi III.

The Standard Data as given by Radford are: AW 68-0, PW 83-0, SB

26-0, ASB 31-0, PSB 29-0, SD 60-0, A-P 26-0, AM 51-0, AL: 20-0, PL 51-0,

Sens, 68+0.

A paratype kindly given to me by Dr. Radford has the following Standard

Data: AW 67-2, PW 81-2, SB 28-0, ASB 25-2, PSB 30-8, SD 62-0, A-P 25-2,

AM 53-2, AL 16-8, PL 47-6, Sens. —. From this specimen it can be geen that

the scntal and dorsal, as well as the ventral setae, are not quite nude but are

furnished with short sparse and indistinct barbs. The paired setae on the

maxillae are shortly but. distinctly branched, The chelicerae are non-serrate

and the galeal setae fine, short and nude. The palpal claws are bifureate; the

seta on palpal femur finely and indistinctly barbed, the setae on palpal genu

and tibia all nude. The dorsal and ventral setae are arranged as in the type

description.

All legs 7-segmented ; I 300, long, II 270u, IIL 300g; tarsi I and II with

usual dorsal rod, III without any long outstanding nude seta, The specimen,

only partially engorged, is 365u long and 260. wide.

TrompicuLa BATUI Philip and Traub 1950,

d, Parasitol., 1950, 36, (1), 29-82, fig. 1.

Plate 17, fig. AC.

This very interesting species was described by Philip and Traub from a

number of specimens from bats Eonycteria spelaea in the Batu Caves, near

Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States.

106 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The dorsal scutum is very small, not much wider between PL than it is

long and is coarsely punctate; the posterior margin forms a shallow angle; AM

is slightly in front of AL, and the sensillae bases are slightly nearer to PL than

to AL and anteriorly with strongly defined crests; the sensillae are very char-

acteristic, being nude, but with a single fork at midlength. Chelicerae simple.

Galeal setae nude. Palpal claw bifurcate; seta on femur with 3 or 4 short

branches, on genu 1-branched, on tibia all nude. Dorsal setae short, to 26,

ea. 36 in number and arranged 2.8.8.6.6.4.2, with short. ciliations or branches,

Ventrally, a pair of branched setae on maxillae, a ciliated seta on each coxa, a

pair between coxae I and between coxae IIT and thereafter ca, 40, the posterior

setae nearly as long as the dorsal, No long nude seta on tarsi III.

The Standard Data treated statistically from those given by the authors for

the type and 4 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 39+81-83 4-08+1-29 27-6-52-0 36-0-45-0 10-2

Pw 48-221-9 4-25+1.34 35>5-60-9 45-0-54-0 8-8

SB 18-60-98 2419069 12+0-25-2 16-0-21-0 11-8

ASB Not given.

PSB 19+62+0+81 1+820-54 14+2-25-0 180-2250 9-3

SD Not given.

A-P 24°7 0-73 1°6420+52 19-8-29°6 23-0-26°5 6:6

AM 27-40-40 0890-28 24-7-30+1 260-28 -0 3+2

AL 23-2+0-°73 1-6440-52 18-3-28+1 22-0-26-0 7-1

PL 30-01-64 36741916 15-9-44-], 27-0-34-0 12-2

Sens. 3961-21 2°70+0-85 31-5-47-7 37-0-44-0 6°83

The: possibility of this species being the true larvae of Trombicula minor

Berl., when the larvae and adult have been correlated, is discussed by the authors.

Tromsicuna (? NEOTROMBICULA) MUNDA (Gater 1932),

Trombicula munda Gater 1932, Parasitol., 24, 148-174; Womersley and Heaslip

1943, Tr. Roy. Soc, 8, Austr., 67, (1), 76.

Trombicula (Eutrombicula) munda, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tier-

reich, Lfg. 71b, 289. :

Plate 17, fig. D-F.

This species was originally described from specimens from Rattus rattus

diardt (Jentink) from Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States. Gater also

recorded it from BR. mulleri validus (Miller) and R. malaisa Kloss, from Sungei

Buloh, F.M,8.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 107

It is very close to the following species, but differs in the Standard Data

and the sensillae as given in the key to species. The sensillae in munda have

only 2 or 3 distal branches, whereas in spicea they have numerous ciliations

distally, appearing almost bushy.

Two specimens of this species in the South Australian Museum and received

from Gater were measured and the Standard Data given by Womersley and

Heaslip 1943.

Since then I have received a few specimens from Dr. 8S. H. Jayewickreme,

of Colombo, and taken from Rattus ratius kandiyanus, at Embilipitiya, Ceylon,

Jan,, 1945 (Tube 13).

The Standard Data for 5 specimens are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 35-70-70 1-400+49 31-5-39-9 33+6-36-4 39

PW 51-81-81 3-611-28 41:0-62-6 — 47-6-56-0 7-0

SB 15-10-69 1*5382-0°48 10°5-19-7 14-0-16°8 10:2

ASB 21-80-56 1-25+0-39 18+1-25-5 19-6-22-4 5+7

PSB 17°420+56 1-25+0-39 13+7-21-1 16-8-19°€ 7*2

SD 39-2 No variation recorded.

A-P 20-70-69 1530-48 16-1-25-3 19+ 6-224 T+4

AM 25-2 No variation recorded,

_ AL 18-90-70 1-40+0-49 14+7-23+] 16+8-19-6 7:4

* PL 27-40-56 1250-39 23-97-8311 25- 228-0 4-5

Sens. 28-0 Only one determination.

This species is here placed in the subgenus Neotrombicula on its close homo-

logy with T. (N.) spicea which has been reared to the nymph.

TROMBICULA (NEOTROMBICULA) sPICEA (Gater 1932).

Trombicula. spicea Gater 1932, Parasitol., 24, 143-174; Womersley and Heaslip

1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 67, (1), 78.

Trombicula (Eutrombicula) spicea, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tier-

reich, Lig. 71b,. 288.

Eutrombicula. n. sp. ‘‘A.’’ Lawrence in MS. In Audy 1947. ‘Serub Typhus

Investigations in 8,E. Asia, Pt. III. Appedix 7."’ AMD. 7. War Office,

London. .

Plate 17, fig. G-I.

Closely related to the preceding species, and differing therefrom as given

under that species and as in the key,

The species was described from specimens from Rattus malaisia Kloss, from

Sungei Buloh, Selangor, Federated Malay States.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TypHus MITES 109

thereafter 6.4.4.4,4.4.2, to 43 long. Legs: I 241y long, II 214m, ITI 268p;

tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, II without any long nude seta,

The Standard Data of two larvae and one larval pelt* are:

AW PW SB ASB PSB SD A-P AM AL PL Sens.

60-3 80:4 30-15 23-45 13-4 36-85 20-1 43-55 86-85 43-65 —

56-95 80-4 80°15 23-45 10-05 33-5 20-1 43-55 36-85 60-3 —

*53-6 — 30°15 23-45 10-05 33-5 20-1 48-55 33-5 63-65 53-6

Loc. and Hosts. Deseribed from 2 larvae and 1 larval pelt* from Rattus

bowersi from Ulu Langat Worest Reserve, Selangor, F.M.S., 13th June, 1950

(Serub Typhus Research Unit).

Remarks, In general morphological features this species is closely related

to T. anows and T. pluvius, but differs from these in the Standard Data and

number of dorsal setae. It also differs from all other species of Trombicula

s.l. in that the seusillae gradually thicken to the apex, but can hardly be re-

garded as lanceolate.

TROMBICULA PARMIFERA sp. n.

Plate 17, fig. J-M.

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval, Length (partially engorged)

to 325, width to 235p. Seutum shield-like, not much wider than long, posterior

margin somewhat obtusely angular with the sides conxex but at extreme point

forming a pronounced tip; surface finely punctate; setae fine and shortly

ciliated, PL the longest, AL the shortest; sensillae filamentous with ciliations

distally ; sensillae bases wide apart, slightly nearer to line of PL than to line of

AL. Hyes 2+ 2, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae strongly hook-like but. with

only the apical cap. Galeal setae nude, Palpi elongate, both femora and genu

cylindrical, tibia very small and provided with two or a bifurcate claw, the

prongs of which are short and stumpy, and do not reach the tip of palpal tarsus;

setae on femur and genu fine and finely ciliated, on tibia all 3 apparently nude;

tarsus with 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae fine and tapering, shortly ciliated,

anteriorly 50y, shortening posteriorly to 42x, 20 in number and arranged

2.6.6.4.2. Ventrally with paired setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, those on

T 42n, on IT 30n, on IIT short and spine-like to 142; between coxae I and II a

pair of fine setae, and thereafter 6.4.2.2.2 from 30 anteriorly to 40 posteriorly,

Legs all 7-segmented, I 285y long, II 250p, IIT 273; tarsi I and II with dorsal

sensory rod, III without any long nude seta.

108 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The Standard Data was given by Womersley and Heaslip 1943 for a speci-

men received from Gater.

Recently I have received 4 specimens from Rattus r. kandiyanus from

Embilipitiya, Ceylon, Jan., 1945 (8, H, Jayewickreme, No. 314 A.B.C.D.) which,

although the sensillae are missing in all specimens, agree in the Standard Data

with spicea. The Standard Data for these specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, af

Mean, Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 46-91-76 B:H2E1-24 36°4-57-4 42-0-50-4 7:5

PW 58-81-66 3+3941°17 48-9-68-7 56-0-61-6 56

SB 17-50-70 1:40+0-49 13°3-21-7 16-8~19-6 8-0

ASB 25°2 No variation recorded.

PSB 17-50-70 1-40+0°49 13°3-21-7 16+8-19-6 8-0

8D 42+7+0-°70 1:400'49 38-5-46-9 42:0-44-8 3:3

A-P 25-91-34 2-6820-95 17-9-33-9 22-4-28-0 10-3

AM 20-520°93 1-62+0-66 15-7-25°3 19-6-22°4 7-9

PL 32-81-34 2+680-95 24-8-40+8 30+8-364 81

Sens. Missing.

This species is here placed in the subgenus Neotrombicula, as larvae have

been reared to the nymphal stage by Dr. 8. H. Jayewickreme in Ceylon (see

Adult Section).

The species referred to by T. J. Lawrence as Hutrombicula sp. n. ‘‘A” in

Appendix 7 in Part ITI, Serub-typhus Investigations in 8.E, Asia, AMD 7, War

Office 1947, are without doubt this species.

TrompicuLa (NEOTROMBICULA) CONSUETA 8p, 0.

Plate 110, fig. B-H.

Description of Larvae. Shape almost round. Length (engorged) 469p,

width 455.. Scutum as figured, much wider than long with SB only slightly

behind, or practically in line with PL; posterior margin sinuous and excavate

medially; surface finely punctate; sensillae slightly thickening from base to

apex and with long ciliations. Eyes 2+ 2, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae

non-serrate, with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi as

figured, tibial claw bifurcate; all setae on femur, genu and tibia, except ventral

on tibia, nude, Dorsal setae 36 in number, to 46% long and arranged ca,

2.8.6.8.6,.4,2, shortly ciliated and tapering. Ventrally with a pair of seta on

maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae JIT and

110 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The Standard Data for the type and 28 paratypes are as. follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed’ Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 63-00-29 1-56+0+20 68+3-67-7 61°6-67 -2 2.4

PW 73-250 °27 1-48:40-19 68-8-77-7 70+0-75°6 2-0

8B 36°72+0-16 0-850-11 34°2-39-+2 36:4-39-2 2°3

ASB 22+4 No variation recorded.

PSB 38-30-31 1-660 24 33-3-43-3 36-4-42-0 4-3

8D 60-70-31 1-660-24 55-7-65'7 58*8-H4-4 2-7

A-P 29-750-25 1-26+0-18 25-7-83°8 28-0-30-8 4.5

AM 45-62t0+43 2-272+0-31 39-1-62:1 42-0-47-6 $7

AL 31-85+0-46 2-48+0-33 24+4-39-3 28-0-36-4 77

PL 49-50-41 2-18+0-29 43-0-56-0 44-8-53-2 4-4

Sens. §3°70-48 2-220-34 47°0-60°4 47-6-56-0 4-4

Loc. and Hosts. The type and 28 paratypes from a skink, Mabuia mulii-

fasciata, 11 Aug., 1949, from Bukit Lagong Forest Reserve, Kepong, near

Kuala Lumpur, F.M.S. (J. R. Audy).

Remarks. This species is remarkable in the strueture of the palpi, especially

the cylindrical femora and genu, the very small tibia, and the short stumpy

bifid palpal claws. These features, however, do not warrant the erection of a

genus or subgenus until the nymph or adult of the species is known.

IT am much indebted to Dr, J. R. Audy for the opportunity of studying

the above material, as well as specimens of many other new species described

herein.

TROMBICULA LUNDBLADI SDP. 0.

Plate 18, fig. A-D.

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length (engorged) to 480p,

width to 4202. Dorsal scutum as figured, with the posterior margin rather

angular and extending well behind line of PL, surface lightly and irregularly

pitted, 8B nearer to line of PL than to AL, sensillae with 5 or 6 branches on

distal half. Eyes 2+ 2, small, on oenlar shields about 2 diams, from lateral

scutal margins, posterior eyes about equal to anterior. Chelicerae curved, with

the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw

bifureate; all setae on femur, genu and tibia nude, tarsi with curved basal and

longer subapical sensory rods and 5 or 6 ciliated setae, one of which is longer

than the rest and over-reaches tip of claw. Dorsal setae rather stiff and mode-

rately thick, with short cillations, to 36. long and arranged 2.6.6.4.2,2, Vent-

rally with the usual pair of branched setae on gnathosoma, a single fine,

shortly ciliated seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III

and thereafter 4.2.2.2; ventral setae between coxae 16, at posterior end 30.

- Legs: I 2830p, II 1952, IIT 230g; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal rod-like

seta, IT] without a long nude seta.

WOoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 111

The Standard Data in microns for 13 specimens from the type series are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 70*852-0-39 1-34+0-26 66-8-74°9 70-0-72°8 1-9

Pw 78°240-21 0-78+0-15 75°9-80-5 “75 -6-78-4 1/0

8B 41‘6+0-29 1-050+20 38-5-44-7 39.2-42-0 2:5

ASB 23-90-40 1°45+0-38 19+ 6-28-2 22°4-25-2 6°6

PSB 36+4 No variation recorded.

8D 60-30-40 1-45+0-28 56-0-64°+6 58-8-61-6 2-4

A-P 27-60-29 1:0520+20 24-5-30°7 25+2-28-0 3-8

AM 21-50-49 1-7640-84 16-3-26°7 19-6-25-2 8:2

AL 21-10-40 1:45+0:28 16+8-25 +4 196-22 +4 6-9

PL 19-6 No variation recorded.

Sens. 42-0 Only one determination.

Loc. From under the seales of a dark green and striped skink from

Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea, 8 Dec., 1944 (C, B. Philip).

Remarks. This is a, distinct and rather characteristic species in the shape

of the dorsal scutum and in the smal] and fine seutal setae. It is named in

honour of Dr. C. Lundblad, the eminent Swedish Hydrachnologist.

TrompicuLa (LePToTROMBIDIUM) BOopENSIS (Gunther 1940).

Trombicula bedensis Gunther 1940, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.8.W., 65 (5-6), 479;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Ausir., 67, (1), 87.

Plate 18, fig. E-H.

Gunther described this species from colonies on the legs of the mouse deer

(Tragulus borneanus Miller) from the Bode River, near Sandakan, British

North Borneo.

I have recently been able to study a lot of material of this species col-

lected by Maj. R. N. McCulloch, from the mouse deer at Kuching, Sarawak,

22 Sept., 1945, and also from rats at Labuan, British North Borneo, in June

and Oct., 1945, and from Balikpapan in Dutch Borneo, 21 Aug., 1945.

The specimens conform well with the original description and the following

re-description is now given based on this additional material.

Fre-description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length (only slightly

engorged) 300p, width 230, Dorsal seutum almost rectangular with the

anterior and posterior margins almost straight as figured, surface lightly and

sparsely pitted, seutal setae fairly stout and ciliated; sensillae placed a little in

front of a line joining PL, and with 6-7 long outstanding branches on distal

third. Hyes 2+ 2, anterior the larger. Chelicerae as figured, with the usual

tricuspid cap. Galeal setae slender and with 6-7 long branches as figured.

Palpi stout; all setae on femur, genu and tibia except the dorsal tibial nude.

112 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Palpal claw bifureate. Palpal tarsus with the usual sensory rods and 5-6 ciliated

setae. Dorsal setae, moderately thick, only slightly curved and ciliated, to 60,

long, and arranged 2.8.6.6.6.2(4). Ventrally, with the usual pair of gnatho-

somal ciliated setae, a single seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and

between coxae III and then approximately 10(8),4(8),4.4.4. Legs; I 180u,

TI 125, III 200u; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal rod-like setae; no long

nude seta on tarsi III.

The following Standard Data in microns, is derived from 2 paratypes and

14 recent specimens:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 60-20-33 1-46+0°27 55-8-64°6 58°8-61-6 2-4

PW 68-80-64 2°38+0-45 61-7-75°9 64-4-72°8 © 3-5

8B 28-80-35 1+31+0+24 24-9-32:7 28:0~30-8 4-6

ASB 28-0 No variation recorded,

PSB 11-2 No variation recorded.

sD 39-2 No variation recorded.

A-P 28°0 No variation recorded.

AM 50-0+0°53 1920-37 44-2-55-3 47°6—-53-2 348

AL 43-40-39 1-450°27 19.0~27-8 42°>0-44°8 6+2

PL 65+640-82 3-080-58 46-4-64°8 50°4~-61+6 5-5

Sena, -61°620-72 1+770-55 56+3-66-9 58°8-64-4 2-9

Remarks. This species may be separated as in the revised key. In the

bifurcate palpal claw it would fall in Eutrombicula Ewing 1938, and in the

number of. dorsal setae into Acariscus Ewing 1943, but these genera are not

now recognized as valid.

It is here placed in the subgenus Leptotrombidium on the structrue of the

longitudinally divided sternum formed by the precoxal plates of leg I, in the

nymph.

A more recent collection from Callesciurus hippurus, from Kuching, Sara- |

wak, 1950, and received from Dr. J, R. Audy, has the following Standard

Data derived from 23 specimens:

Standard Theoretical Obgerved Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 59-70-39 1:89--0-28 54-0-65°4 56-95-63-65 3-2

PW 68-35+0-39 1+88+0:28 62+6-73°9 67-+0-73°7 2:7

SB 27-250-23 1:18+0-17 23-85-30-65 26'8-30-15 4-1

ASB 30-15 No variation recorded.

PSB 13°4 No variation recorded.

sD 43-55 No variation recorded.

A-P 27, 2620-28 1°:13+0-17 23° 85-30+65 26°8-30°15 4-2

AM 49-20-60 2-87+0-42 40-G6-57-8 46:9-56-95 5-8

AL 38-50-47 2°23+0-33 31-8-45~2 36-85-43 +55 5-8

PL 49-8-+0-70 3-3440-49 39-2-59-2 46°9-56-95 6-8

Sens, 67-20°23 0860-16 64-6-69-8 67+0-70-35 1-3

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIG-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 113

TROMBICULA NISSANI Dumbleton 1947,

Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Zealand, 76, 412.

Plate 18, fig, I-K,

This species was described from the type and paratype from a ‘‘Cuseus’’

from Nissan Island (Green Is.), Territory of N. Guinea, 28 April, 1944 (coll.

LJ.D.). The type is deposited in the South Australian Museum.

The dorsal secutum is almost rectangular with the posterior margin only

very slightly conyex behind PL. Sensillae bases in front of PL, but very

much nearer to line of PL than AL, Seutal setae thick and with short

ciliations or serrations, AM the shortest. Eyes 2 + 2, on distinet ocular shields,

posterior eyes the smaller. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap.

Galeal setae nude. Palpal tibial claw trifurcate (not bifid as given by Dumble-

ton); setae on palpal femur and genu branched, on tibia all 3 nude. The DS

are 28 in number, to 55 long, and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2. All coxae unisetose.

Tarsi of leg III without any long nude seta. |

The Standard Data of the type and paratype are: AW 66-0, 65-0, PW

69-0, 69:0, SB 23-0, 23-0, ASB 26-0, 26-0, PSB 18-0, 13-0, SD 39-0,

39-0, A-P 29-0, 29-0, AM 26-0, 26-0, AL 36-0, 83-0, PL 46-0, 48-0, Sens.

36-0, —. (after Dumbleton).

TROMBICULA IssHign Sugimoto 1938,

Lrombicula isshikii Sugimoto 1938, J. Jap. Soe. Vet, Sci., 17, (1), 57-62, fig, 1-3.

Trombicula isshikit Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S, Aust,, 67,

(1), 81.

Plate 18, fig. L—M,

Owing to unfamiliarity with the Japanese writing, the data given in

Womersley and Heaslip’s 1943 paper, and derived from Sugimoto’s paper (it

had no summary in English or any other language) were in error.

I have recently had the essential details translated by a Japanese student,

and the following deseription is bascd on this translation,

“Shape oval to circular. Colour red. Chelicerae not serrated. Galeal

setae nude. Palpi with ciliated setae on femur, genu, and dorsally on tibia;

tarsi with 6 comb-like setae, tibial claw bifurcate with the upper prong longer

than lower. Dorsal scutum trapezoidal, the front and side margins convex,

posterior margin rounded.

“‘Sental setae fine, comb-like; the PL setae very long, AM and AL of

equal length. SB somewhat nearer to posterior than to anterior scutal mar-

114 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

gin, Sensillae with five branches, Eyes 2+ 2, on ocular shields, not far from

scutal margins, anterior eyes with a distinct cornea, posterior eyes the smaller.

Dorsal setae small, comb-like, Total setae 42-44, with 26 on dorsum, arranged

2.6.6.6.4.2; anterior longer than posterior. Ventral setae arranged 2.2.4.4.4.2,

longer posteriorly than anteriorly. Legs; tarsi I and II rapidly tapering,

coxae II and III separated, the longer leg setae serrated and comb-like.

‘“‘Body length 0:49-0:59 mm., width 0-41-0'44 mm, Length of palpi 94,,

of chelae 42u. Seutal length 55y, width 78. SB 3p, AM 58, AL 43p,

PL 74-78, Sens. 97», Tarsi I 34y,’’

Remarks. In the bifureate palpal claw and the number of DS, isshiki

would come into Acariscus Ewing, although the ciliated dorsal setae of the

palpal tibia shows some relationship with the akamushi-deliensis group. The

convex anterior and lateral scutal margins are also unusual. No materia) has

been seen.

Type Loc. and Host. Naikosho, Shichiseigum, Pref. Taihoku, Formosa,

on Capella hardwickii (Gray). Type in Taihoku Imperial University Museum.

Tromeicuna (NeorromsicuLa) scrscomms (Wom. 1944).

Trombicula scincoides Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soe, 8, Aust., 68, (1), 84.

Plate 19, fig. A~E,

This species was originally described from a series of 15 specimens from

a skink, Lygosoma (Leiolopisma) bicarinatus (Mach. 1877) from New Guinea,

Oct. 1, 1943 (R. N. McCulloch). The specimens are now, after the lapse of

time, somewhat more flattened, and the values of the Standard Data slightly

greater than originally given. The newly measured values for 13 specimens

are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean - ' ‘Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 98+2+0-51 1-860-36 92-6-103-8 95-2-100-8 1-9

PW 113-5+0-60 2+17+0-43 107 -0-120-0 112-0-117-6 1:9

8B 51-05+0-34 1-2320-24 47°4-54-7 50+4-53~2 Bed

ASB 28:0+0+33 1:1420-23 24-631-4 25-2-380-8 4-1

PSB 26-°640+39 1+400-27 22-4-30-8 25: 2-28°0 5-2

8D 54-6+0°54 1-93+0°38 48+8-60-4 50°4-58-8 35

A-P 30-40-43 1:5520-30 25-7-35-1 28-0-33 -6 5-1

AM 39-920-50 1-740°35 34-+7-45-1 36+442 0 4-3

AL 39:30:32 1+14+0-22 35-8-42-6 36-442 °0 2-9

PL 47-§20-32 1-140 +22 44-2-51-0 44-8-50-4 2-4

Sens. 57-40-65 2-2320°46 50+ 7-64-1 56°0-61:°6 3-9

The chelicerae have the usnal tricuspid cap only and the galeal setae are

‘nnde. The tibial claws of the palpi are bifurcate; the seta on the palpal femur

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaAcIFiIc ScruB TypHuSs. MITES 115

with a few short branches, often appearing nude; on the genu nude and on

the tibia only the ventral seta is branched. There is no long nude outstanding

seta on tarsi on leg III. ’

Another population of 34 specimens from Hollandia, Dutch New Guinen,

from various skinks, collected Noy. and Dee., 1944 by Lt.-Col. C. B. Philip

(No, 5, 6 and 7) are not different morphologically from the type series, except

that the scutum is considerably larger, all the Standard Data being significantly

greater at 0°1% probability, except PW, which is significantly greater at 2%

level. (Sens. were not compared.)

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 105+40-51 2942036 96-6-114-2 98-0-112-0 2:8

PW 116-7+0-75 4-3340-53 103 -7-129-7 109-2-126-0 3-7

SB 55-10°32 1+890-23 49-4808 53+2-58-8 3-4

ASB 30-80-26 1-50+0+18 26-3-35°3 28+0-33-6 4:8

PSB 23-0 No variation recorded.

BD 58*B0-26 1:50+0+18 54-3-63°3 56-0-61-6 2-5

A-P 32-80-23 1-36:40-16 28-7-36-9 280-33 -6 4-1

AM 46-950-27 1390-19 42-8-51-1 44+8-50-4 3-0

AL 44-00-28 1.60+0+20 39-2-48-5 42-0=47-6 346

PL 51-3029 4-64+0-20 46-4-56-2 47+6-56-0 3-2

Sens, 67-2 Aver. of only } determinations, 64-4 and 70-0,

As discussed further on, it seems hardly justified to consider this popula-

tion as more than a race or form of scincoides,

To the typical form can he referred the following additional specimens:

New Guinea: Nadzab, on boots, 21 Dec., 1942 (1 spec.); Burma, Jan., 1944, on

boots (2 specs.); Lae, 9 March, 1944, and 3 May, 1944 (2 spees.),

(R.N.MeC.) ; Goodenough Is., N.G., 18 Jan., 1944 on boots (D.C.8.), (4

specs. );

Bougainville: On a gecko, 4 July, 1944 (G. W. Wharton), Nambru, II. 44 (1

spec.).

Philippine Is.: Mindoro, Mts. near San Juan, 11 Apr., 1945, on mottled skink

(2 specs.) (C.B.P.)

This species is placed in the subgenus Neotrombicula on the adult charac-

ters. It is closely related to the two following species, which are only separated

from it, on the very much greater differences in seutal dimensions, than occur

between the typical populations of seimcoides and its form from Hollandia,

D.N.G.

The Standard Data of the population of scinceides from. Hollandia are

approximately intermediate between those of typical scincoides and those of

kohlsi, and while all three populations are widely significantly different it is

possible they may be only populations of the one species.

116 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Trompicuta (7? NeorrRomMBICULA) KoHLs1 (Wom. 1944).

Trombicula kohlsit Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 68, (1), 87,

Plate 19, fig. F-G.

Originally described from a series of 7 specimens. collected on boots

amongst Kunai grass, Buna area of New Guinea, 1943 (G. M. Kohls), this

species differs from 7’. (N.) scincoides (Wom.) and its form from Hollandia

only in the very much larger dimensions of the Standard Data.

The Standard Data of these specimens as remeasured are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 110-8:41.03 2-73+0'73 102-6-119-0 106+ 4-114-8 a5

PW 124°40-56 1:492:0:+40 119+9-128-9 123+3-126-0 1-2

8B 62-40-80 2-12-+0°56 56+1-68 +7 §8+S-64+4 3+4

ABB 34+8+0-56 1:4970+40 30-3-39°3 336-36 -4 443

PSB 33°56 No variation recorded.

8D 68-4+0°56 1+490> 40 63 «9-729 67°2-70:0 Par)

A-P 36-80-40 1-06+0-28 34+6-40-0 36+4-39+2 2-8

AM 45-60-52 1°37+0°36 41.5-49-7 44:8-47°6 340

AL 47°620-61 1-610-43 42+8-52-4 44°8-50°4 Br4

PL 55-60-40 1060-28 524-68 +8 53-+2-56-0 1-9

Sens, 63-60-52 1-370-36 59-5-67+7 61:6-64:0 2-1

The relationship of this species to scincvides and tovellr is discussed below.

TrRoMBICULA (? NEOTROMBICULA) TOVELLI sp.n.

Plate 19, fig. H-J.

Description. of Larvae. Shape an elongate oval. Length, partly engorged

to 420, width 330.. Dorsal seutum as figured with finely striate-punctate sur-

face, anterior matgin sinuous, posterior evenly curved and not very deep, SB

nearer to line of PL than to AL. Byes 2 -+ 2, on well developed ocular shields,

the posterior eyes the smaller. Chelicerae with the usual apical tricuspid cap,

Palpi stout, with bifureate tibial claw. Seta on palpal femur with a few fine

short indistinct branches; on genu nude; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude,

ventral branched; tarsi with basal and subapical rods and 5-6 ciliated setae,

one of which over-reaches tip of tibial claw. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae

stiff, with short ciliations, 20-22 in number and arranged 2.6.6.4.2(2) to 35p

long. Ventrally with the usual pair of branched setae on gnathosoma, a

ciliated seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and

thereafter 6.2.2.2, to 30a long. Legs: I 240 long, IT 225y, IIL 240; tarsi I

and I with dorsal sensory rod, and III without any long nude seta.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScruB TyPHUS MITES 117

The Standard Data are as follows:

Mean

AW 77-90-47

PW 89+140+47

SB 40,1093

ASB 27°140-59

PSB 25-70-47

sD 52<70°47

A-P 26-1+0+59

AM 2940-63

Al 30°8

PL 41+5+0-47

Sens. 560

Standard Theoretical

Deviation Range

1-14+0-33 74-5-81-3

2-750:33 85°7-92°5

2°28+0-66 33-28-46-95

1450-42 22-8-31-4

1:14-40-33 22+3-29-1

1140-33 49°3+56°1

1-4520-42 21-8-30+4

1-538%0-44 24+8-34-0

No variation recorded.

1-14+0-33 88+1-44-9

Observed Coeff. of

Range Variation

75-°6-78°4 15

84-0-92-4 13

36-4-42-0 5:7

25+2-28-0 5:3

25+2-28-0 4-4

50-4-53+2 2-2

25+2-28-0 55

28-0-30:8 6-2

30+2-42-0 2-7

No variation recorded. Two determinations only.

Another population of eight specimens from a lizard, taken 60 miles south

of Darwin, N.T., Aust., 30 May, 1943 (R. V. Southcott) has the following

Standard Data:

Mean

AW 72:8+0-53

PW 86-10-48

SR 37-10-48

ASB 25-2

PSB 25-2

sD 50-4

A-P 25-2

AM 26-25=0-51

AL 30-45+0+63

PL 39-2-+0+53

Sens. 53-2+0°61

Standard Theoretical

Deviation Range

1-49+0-37 68-3-77°3

1-8520-34 82-05-90-15

1-352-0-34 38°05—41-15

No variation recorded,

No variation recorded.

No variation reeorded,

No variation recorded.

1-4540-36 21'9-30-6

1*°79+0.45 25°05-35-85

1-492£0+37 34+7-43-7

1:6140+43 48+4-58+0

Observed Coeff. of

Range Variation

70-0-75°6 2-0

§4-0~86-8 1-6

36+4—-39+2 3*6

25-2-28-0 5°5

28-0-33-6 5-9

36-442 «0 3°8

50-4-56-0 3-0

A third population from a skink, Sphenomorphus taentolatus from Groote

Eylandt, Arnhem Land Expedition, 1945, has the Standard Data significantly

greater than the type series.

follows:

Mean

AW 83-50-51

PW 96°5+0°69

8B 42.5-0°63

ASB 26-720:25

PSB 27-70-25

8D. 54-50-44

A-P 28-2520 25

AM 28-50-34

AI 33-6

PL 41+20°55

Sens, 58*45+0-82

Standard Theoretical

Deviation Range

1690-36 78-488 -6

2-29+0-49 89+7-103-3

2-100'45 36°2-48-8

1-460: 31 22-3-31-1

1-84+0-18 25-2-30+2

1-46+0-31 50+1-58-6

Q- 840-18 25° 75-30-75

1-180-24 25-1-31-9

No variation recorded.

1-81-0°38 35-8-46-6

2.34+0°58 51-45-65 +45

As measured for 11 specimens, these are a8

Observed Coeff. of

Range Variation

81-2-86-8 2-0

92-4-100-8 264

39-+2—44-8 5-0

25-2-28-0 55

25+2-28-0 3-0

53-2-56-0 2°7

28-0-30-8 3-0

28-0-30-+8 4-0

39-2-44-8 4-4

56-0-61-6 4-0

118 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Morphologieally, tovelli and its two other populations, do not differ from

seincoides except in the very much smaller size of the scutum, the significance

of which is diseussed below.

Comparison of the Species 7, scincoides Wom., kohlsi Wom.

and tovellz sp. n.

In trying to evaluate specifically the differences in the Standard Data of

these three species and their several populations, resort has been made to

showing the Mean, Range of Mean as expressed by M+3c,,, Theoretical Range

M=+3 & Standard Deviation, M+2S,, and Observed Range, in Graph form; and

also by a statistical comparison of the Difference of Means, with a value of

‘‘¢” caleulated for each item of Standard Data, all populations being referred

to the type population of scincoides. Those of tovelli from 60 miles south of

Darwin, and from Groote Eylandt are also compared with the type series of

tovelli,

Compared with type

Compared with type series of scincoides series of tovelli

| scinooides tovelli | tovellt roullt | tovelti

ex tovelli. 10 mig. 8. | ex Groote | b §6 mls. 8. | x Groote

Paej ot fmf ot [al & [mj tt fm) tt fm] tf [ml a

AW ma 8-05) 18 liad atlases 19 a it s6a3 12 oa " +7°23

PW lee iH 2°49] 18 +11-76| 17 |—20-95] 19 |—32-12| 22 |-18-6 | 12 —2-73| 15 | +594

SB | 45 |+ 7-06| 18 |+-15-32] 17 |—13+75] 19 |24-79 22 |—12-40| 12 | —3-12|15| +2-19

ASB a 594/18 |4+16-78| 17 |— 1-47| 19 |— 6-86] 22 |— 2+44{ 12 | —3*77| 15 | —0-54

PSB 145 |+ 5-84 18 |+13- 96) ae 1:37| 19 |— 2-80] 22 |— 2.27/12 | —1-25|15| +-4°32

BD | 45 i 7-78| 18 Mee wiie 2+21) 19 |— 6-08) 22 |— 0-14) 12 | —5-77|15| +2-60

A-P | 45 + 514/18 !+ 9-69} 17 |— 5-72) 19 |— 9-37) 22 |— 4-09 12} —3+77| 15 | +3-92

AM = /87 |+-18-36/ 17 |+ 7- ny — 4-79 18 |—16*35| 21 |— 2-26 12 | —4-09} 15 | —1-38

AL 143 /+ 9. 73] 18 |4+-13-5 —19-4 | 19 |—13-73| 22 |—16- 19 12 | —0-47|Novariation

PL =| 44|-+ 7-33} 18 |415-3 | 17 |-10-8 ain 55) 22 |—10-52| 12 | —8-13| 15| —0-36

Sena. |- _ F + 6- “alie 16 |\— 1-51) 17 |— “ st i i. mA 12 | +2-54

Si aS a

Tt is evident from this table and from the graph that while all these

populations differ very significantly from one another at the 0-1% level of

probability, at least two groups may be separated biometrically and on a

specific level, the one with the largest scuta including scincotdes and its popu-

lation from Hollandia as well as kohlst; the other including tovellt and its two

populations.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 119

TROMBICULA JUBBULPORENSIS sp. n.

Plate 20, fig. A-B.

Description of Larva. Shape ? Length and width ? Scutum ag figured

with AW very much shorter than PW and lateral margins strongly divergent

posteriorly; sensillae %, their bases very wide apart; posterior scutal margin

lightly concave between PL, almost rectilinear; AL the shortest, PL the

longest. Eyes ? Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae

nude. Palpi stout, tibia claw bifureate; seta on femur and genu ciliated, on

tibia only the ventral ciliated. Dorsal setae to 30u long, ca. 38 in number and

arranged 2.8.6.6.6.6.4. Ventrally with a pair of ciliated setae on maxillae,

one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, thereufter ?

Legs: tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, III without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 56-0, PW 86-8, SB 44-6,

ASB 28-0, PSB 12-0, SD 40:0, A-P 504, AM 25-22, AL 22-4, PL 50-4,

Sens. —

Loc. and Host, <A siugle specimen from a rat, Jubbulpore, India, April,

1947 (S. L. Kalra).

Remarks. As the type was inadvertently damaged under oil immersion

only a few.details are figured. The species should, however, be easily recog-

nized again on the characteristic scutum, ete.

TROMBICULA KHURDANGENSIS sp. n.

Plate 20, fiz. O-D.

Description of Larva. Shape engorged, eiongate oval, with slight constric-

tion behind coxae III. Length 585.4, width 325.2. Scutum as figured, roughly

pentagonal but the posterior angle rather shallow, lateral margins divergent

posteriorly; AM in front of line of AL and AL well back from the rounded

antero-lateral shoulders; sensillae filamentous and ciliated on distal two-thirds,

their bases midway between lines of AL and PL; AL the shorter and PL the

longer. Eyes not seen. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal

setae nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw bifureate; all setae on femur, genu and

tibia ciliated or branched. Dorsal setae strong, curved and distinetly ciliated,

44 in number, to 38 long and arranged 2.4.6.6.4.6.64.4.2. Ventrally with a

pair of ciliated setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I

and between coxae ITI, and thereafter 8.6.8.8.8.6.6.4.2. to ca. 32, long. Legs:

I 260 long, IE 247p, TIT 2862; tarsi I and JI with dorsal sensory rod, III with-

out any long nude seta.

130 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 61-6, PW 73-0, SB

22-4, ASB. 28-0, PSB 28:0, SD 56-0, A-P 30-0, AM 36:4, AL 30-8, PL 47:6,

Sens. 64-4,

Loc. and Host. A single specimen from a rat from Khurdang, Kashmir,

July, 1949 (8. L, Kalra),

Remarks. This species in the general form of the scutum is closely allied

te T. rajoriensis sp. u., but differs in the Standard Data, the number and-

structure of the dorsal setae, and the unisetose coxa ITI,

TROMBICULA RAJORIENSIS SD. 0.

Plate 20, fig. G-K.

Description of Larva. Shape (engorged) elongate oval with slight con-

striction behind coxae HI, Length 585, width 4554. Seutum as figured, pen-

tagonal with lateral margins almost parallel; sensillae filamentous, ciliated on

distal half and with their bases in front of line of PL; margins of posterior

angle lightly concave; AM in front of line of AL and AL rather back from

the rounded antero-lateral corners; AL the shortest, PL the longest. Eyes not

seen. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae branched or

ciliated. Palpi stout, tibial claw bifureate; all setae om femur, genu and tibia

ciliated. Dorsal setae stiff and rather spine-like, curved, with short barbs, 34

in number, to 56 long, and arranged 2.8.8.6.4.4.2. Ventrally with a pair of

ciliated setae on maxillae, one on coxae I and II, and two on eoxae III, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 50 setae, arranged

ca. 2.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.4.2, to 40u long, and shortly ciliated, not barbed. Legs: I 286.

long, II 260p, ITI 300u; tarsi LT and II with the dorsal sensory rod (spur), III

without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 53°2, PW 56°0, SB 22-4,

ASB 30-8, PSB 33:6, SD 64:4,.A-P 28-0, AM 40-0, AL 25-2, PL 650-4,

Sens. 56:0.

Loc, and Host. A single specimen from a rat from Rajori, Kashmir, India,

May, 1948 (8. L. Kalra).

TROMBICULA KASHMIRENSIS Sp, 1,

Plate 20, fig. B-F.

Description of Larvae. Shape (engorged) elongate oval with tendency to

constriction behind ecoxae ITI. Length to 520p, width to 429. Scutum as

figured, with posterior margin deeply angular, giving a pentagonal shape;

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 121

PL the longest; sensillae bases only slightly in advance of line of PL; scutal

surface finely punctate. Eyes 2+ 2, posterior the smaller, Chelicerae with

only the apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout with trifurcate

tibial claw; setae on palpal femur and genu ciliated, on tibia only the ventral

branched or ciliated. Dorsal setae 44 in number, to 47 long and arranged

ca, 2.18.9.8.5.5.2. Ventrally with paired ciliated setae on maxillae, one on

each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter

6.6.4.4.4.64.2, to 30-40, long. Legs: I 3254 long, II 286, III 325p; tarsi I

and II with usual dorsal rod, III without any long nude seta; telofemur of

all legs with a long outstanding ciliated seta, somewhat longer than the other

seta but not so long as in 7, kanzalwanensis sp..n.

The Standard Data for the type and 3 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Obzerved Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 81:9+0-70 1404049 77-7-86-1 81-2-84-0 1:7

PW 98*7+0-70 1-40+0+49 94-5-102-9 98-0-100-8 1-4

8B 34-650-67 1+340+47 30+ 65-38-65 33-6-36-4 3°8

ASB 29-40-81 1-610°57 24-+6-34-3. 280-308 5-5

PSB 33-6 No variation recorded, ;

8D 63-00-81 1-61+0:+57 §8-2-67-8 61-6-64-4 25

A-P 30°8 No variation recorded.

AM 42-01-14 2+290+81 35-1-48-9 39-2-44-8 5-4

AL 42-70-70 1-40%0-49 38:5-46-9 42-0-44-8 33

PL 54-6 (Aver. of two determinations only, viz, 53:2 and 56-0)

Sena, 84-0 One determination only.

Lac. and Hosts, Four specimens from a rat from Khurdang, Kashmir,

India, July, 1949 (8. L. Kalra).

Remarks. Very similar in scutum to 7. kanzalwanensis, but easily separ-

ated as in the key on the absence of a long nude seta on tarsi of leg III, and in

the arrangement of dorsal setae.

TROMBICULA MURIDIA sp. n,

Plate 20, fig. L-M.

Description of Larva. Scutum transversely rectangular, as figured with

posterior margin an even but shallow curve behind line of Plu; sensillae bases

in line of PL; sensillae filamentous and ciliated in distal half; PL the longest.

Eyes? Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae branched.

Palpi with bifurcate tibial claw; seta on femur and genu branched; setae on

tibia nude except the dorsal. Dorsal setae 26 in number, to 53, long, and

122 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

arranged 2,8.6.6,4. Ventrally with paired ciliated setae on maxillae, one on

each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, thereafter uncertain.

Legs, tarsi of III without any long nude seta; of I and IT with dorsal sensory

rod,

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 58-8, PW 72:8, SB 32-0,

ASB 28-0, PSB 12:0, SD 40-0, A-P 22-4, AM 53-2, AL 56-0, PL 64-0,

Sens, 60-0.

Loc. and Host. A single specimen from Rattus mullert, No. 7646, from

Bukit Lagong, Kepong, F.M.S., 25 July, 1950 (J.R.A.).

Remarks. The unique example of this species was unfortunately damaged

in remounting, and consequently entire dorsal and ventral figures are not

given, and the description lacks certain details. The scutum, and the palpal

setation, however, will enable the species to be again recognized.

In the key, it will run down to near to T. sylvestris, Audy and Traub

1950, from which it ts easily separated.

TROMBICULA TAPHOZOUS Sp. 0.

Plate 21, fig. A-B.

Description of Larva. Length (engorged) 650,, width 455p. Seutum as

figured; sparsely punctate, the punctations fairly large; anterior margin

shorter than posterior, and lightly concave between AM and Al; posterior

margin shallow behind line of PL, and concave, almost rectilinear laterally on

each side from PL for a quarter of its length, then deepening to a lightly

sinuous curve; sensillae filamentous, ciliated distally and their bases in front

of PL; PL the longest, AM the shortest. Hyes ? 2+ 2. Chelicerae missing.

Galeal setae nude. Palpi as figured; palpal claw trifurcate; seta on femur

nude or shortly and indistinctly ciliated, on genu apparently nude, on tibia

all 3 setae apparently nude. Dorsal setae difficult to ascertain owing to dis-

placement, but ea. 2 plus 5 rows of about 10, plus 8.6.4. or ca. 70 in number,

to 80n long. Ventrally with a pair of ciliated setae on maxillae, one on each

coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae IIT and thereafter ea. 50+,

to 28 long. Legs: I 286n, IL 260., III 3004; tarst I and IL with dorsal rod,

TIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 64-4, PW 87-0, SB 19-6,

ASB 33-6, PSB 14-0, SD 47-6, A-P 39-2, AM 20-04, AL 40°0, PL 50-4,

Sens. 56-0.

Loc. and Host. A single specimen from bat, Taphozows melanopogon,

R.9626, No. 18062 from Palau Seletan Is. (P. Angsa), Malaya, 1/2/50, (J.R.A.).

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 123

Remarks. In the key this species comes near to densipiliata, from which it

differs in the shape of seutum, the nude setae on palpal femur and genu, and

the numiber of dorsal setae,

TROMBIOULA TITHWALENSIS 8p, 0.

| Plate 21, fig. C-G.

Description. of Larvae. Length (engorged) 520», width 520y. Shape

rounded. Scutum large, finely punctate as figured, with SB slightly behind line

of PL, and AM weil back from line of AL almost midway between line of

AL and PL; PL a little longer than AL; sensillae ciliated distally. Eyes

2-+ 2, rather small, and posterior eyes the smaller, Chelicerae missing.

Galeal setae branched, Palpi with bifurcate tibial claw; setae on femur and

genu nude, on tibia both dorsal and ventral branched, lateral nude. Dorsal

setae ca. 42, arranged 2.12.8.8.6.4.2, from 70 long anteriorly to 56, posteriorly.

Ventral with a pair of maxillary ciliated setae, one on each coxa, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 36, increasing in

length posteriorly. Legs: I 260» long, II 234, III 286,; tarsi I and IL with

dorsal sensory rod; tarsi III without. any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the unique type and 3 other specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 83-20-70 1-40+0-49 79 -1-+87-5 81-2-84-0 1-7

PW 93+8+0-81 1-61+0-57 89-0-89-6 92-4-95-2 1-7

SB 36.4+1-14 2280-81 29-6—-43-2 33 +6-39-2 63

ASB 35-00-81 1-6140-57 30+2-39°8 33°6-36°4 4-6

PSB 16-10-70 1-40+0-49 11-9-20.3 14-0-16-8 8-7

8D 61-11-34 2-680'95 43-1-59-1 47 -6-53 +2 5-2

A-P 28+741-34 2:68-0:95 20+7-36+7 25-2-30-8 9-3

AM 51-32-46 4¢97+1'74 38-5-64-1 47-6-56-0 8-3

AL 47°6 No variation recorded.

PL 58° 11-34 2-68+0-95 50-1-66-1 56+0-61°6 446

Sens, 784 Only one determination.

Loc, and Host, A single specimen from ear of rat, Tithwal, India, Sept.

1948 (S.L.K.), and 3 specimens from a ‘‘mouse’’ from Baltal, Kashmir.

Remarks. This species appears closest to bhimtalensis sp n. but differs in

the dorsal setae, and Standard Data, In the illustration of the seutum the

sensillae are erroneously shown as nude. The posterior scutal margin should

also be shown as lightly concave laterally from PUL and medially almost

straight,

124 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

TROMBICULA BUXTONI sp. 0.

Plate 22, fig. A-F.

Description of Larvae. Shape an elongate oval, widest in anterior third

and slightly constricted behind coxae III, Length (engorged) to 525p, width

to 3272. Secutum small, roughly quadrate, but the posterior margin forming

a shallow angle; AL placed well behind antero-lateral corners; anterior margin

concave and AM well in front of AL. Sensillae long and filamentous, ciliated

for their whole length, with their bases in front of PL. Hyes 2-+ 2, the pos-

terior the smaller, Obhelicerae non-serrate, with only the apical tricuspid cap-

Galeal setae nude. Palpal claw trifureate; setae on palpal femur, genu and

tibia all strongly ciliated. ‘Dorsal setae thick, and strongly ciliated, to 48.

long, and arranged 2.6.6(4).4(6).4.2.2. Ventrally with a pair of ciliated setae

on maxillae, one on each of coxae I and II, two on each of coxae ITI, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 38 setae to 32y long.

Legs: I 285p long, Il 241, III 312y; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sen-

sory rod, ITI with a long fine nude seta, not easy to see and not as long as

the ordinary setae. -

The Standard Data derived from seven of eight specimens, are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 45-30-83 2-2120°59 88-7-51-9 41-6-48-0 4.8

PW 46-62£0-65 1:71220-46 41-5-51-7 44.8-48°0 3-7

SR 18-70-29 0+7820-21 16+4-21-6 1716-1992 4.2

ASB 28-8 No variation recorded.

PSB 22-4 No variation recorded.

8D 61:2 Wo yariation recorded,

A-P 25-6 No variation recorded.

AM 38+4 No variation recorded.

AL 22.4 No variation recorded.

PL 41-6 No variation recorded.

Sens, 54-7T+1:06 2-37+0+75 47+6-61-8 51-2-67°6 4-3

Loc. and Host. Hight specimens (the type and 7 paratypes) from a yellow

coloured rat from Ranikhet, Kumaon Hills, India, Oct. 1946 (S. L, Kalra).

Remarks, A very characteristic species in the shape and dimensions of the

scutum, the 2-setose coxae IIT, the dorsal setae, and the setation of the palpi.

It can be distinguished as in the key.

TROMBICULA NAULTINI Dumbleton 1947.

Trans, Roy. Soc. N. Zealand, 1947, 76, 412.

Plate 22, fig. G—J.

The type and paratype of this species were from a gecko Naultinus elegans

Gray, from Invercargill, N. Zealand (coll, B. B. Given, no date). Dumbleton

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 125

records also six other specimens as ‘‘Parasitic on a Gecko, Big Hill, 18.3.12,

G. Garrow.’

Tn this species the scutum is considerably wider than long, with A-P rela-

tively short, SB posterior of line of PL, and the posterior margin deep behind

PL and considerably rounded. The eyes are only one on each side, the pos-

terior eyes apparently being completely obsolete. The chelicerae are simple,

with only the apical tricuspid cap, and the galeal setae are slender and nude.

The palpi are fairly stout with trifureate tibial claw; all the setae on femur,

genu and tibia nude. The dorsal setae are 22 in number, arranged 2.8.6,4,2, to

50 long, and fairly stout with short ciliations or serrations. All coxae unise-

tose, Tarsi ITI with one long nude seta.

The Standard Data given by Dumbleton for the type and paratype are:

AW 81-0, 82-0, PW 99-0, 91-0, SB 40-0, 36-0, ASB 26-0, 30-0, PSB 20-0,

20-0, SD 46-0, 50-0, A-P 16-0, 16-0, AM —, —, AL 23-0, 26-0, PL 49-0,

49-0, Sens. 69-0, —.

For the additional specimens from Big Mill which I have seen and

measured, the Standard Data are as follows;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 79-2541+16 3-28-0-82 69.4-89-1, 73+0-82-0 4:1

PW 90-°7541-74 4-924+1+23 76-0-105°5 82-0-99-0 5-4

BB 33°41-99 5+6a41-41 165°5-50-3 25+0-40-0 16:8

ASB 25-00-76 2140-53 18-6-31-4 24-0-30-0 8-5

PSB 20-92F0+35 0:99-0:25 17-8-23-8 20-°0-23°0 4-7

8D 45-90-66 1+88+0-47 40+1-51-5 44:0~50-0 4-1

A-P 1750-33 0:922-0-23 14°+7-20°3 16-0-18+0 5-3

AM 89-01-34 3+282-0+95 29-2-48-8 33 +0-42-0 8-4

Ai ‘27+6+1-02 2-870-72 19-0—86-2 23+0-32+0 10:4

PL 47-11-02 2-9040-72 38-4-55-8 42-0-51+0 6:2

Seng, 74:01:00 2-45+0+71 66-7-81-3 69-0-75-0 33

TROMBICULA CERVULICOLA Ewing 1931.

Ewing 1931, Proc. U.S.N. Mus., 80, (8), 13, pl. I, fig, 3.

Plate 22, fig. K.

Ewing described this species very inadequately and illustrated the scutum

by a somewhat inaccurate drawing. It was described from specimens from a

deer, Cervulus aureus, from Muktesar, Kumaon, India.

Dr. G. W. Wharton some time ago re-examined the types in the U,S.N.

Mus., and informed me in correspondence that the dorsal setae were not 26 in

number, as stated by Bwing, but 38, arranged 2.8.8.8.6.4.2, and also that the

lateral and ventral setae on the palpal tibia were nude.

126 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

In 1947 on a visit to Washington 1 was privileged to also examine the

type and two paratypes of this species, and can now give the following details.

The scutum is roughly rectangular as now figured, with the anterior margin

lightly sinnous; lateral margins straight or slightly concave and not convex as

shown by Ewing; posterior margin fairly deep behmd PL and flattened medi-

ally, not as in Ewing’s figure; sensillae with a few indistinct branches distally,

and bases in front of line of PL. Eyes 2-2, small. Chelicerae with only an

apical cap, Galeal setae nude. Palpi with trifureate tibial claw; setae on

palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia, lateral and dorsal nude, ventral |

branched. Dorsal setae 34 to 36, arranged ca. 2,5.8.8,6.4.2, and to 50,4 long-

Leg III with a long nude outstanding seta on tarsi,

The Standard Data of the above three specimens as measured by me mm

1947 are: AW 65:2, 65-2, 72-0, PW 71:5, 68-5, 81-5, SB 26-0, 26-0, 32-6,

ASB 23:4, 28-4, 23-4, PSB 23-4, 23:4, 23-4, SD 46-8, 46-8, 46-8, A-P

26:0, 26:0, 32:6, AM 39-1, 42-0, 45-6, AL 39-1, 39-1, 45-6, PL: 42-5, 42-0,

65-2, Sens, 72:0, 65-0, 81-5.

TROMBIOULA cf, DENSIPILIATA Walch 1923.

Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med., 5, (3), 79, 1928; Womersley and Heaslip, Trans.

Roy. Soc, 8. Aust., 67, (1), 80, 1943; Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, Das

Tierreich, Lig. Tlb, 267.

Plate 23, fig, B-E,

This species was originally described by Walch from a single specimen

which, although he does not specify the host, was probably from a rat, from

Deli, Sumatra. The very inadequate data given by Walch was summarized by

Womersley and Heaslip 1943 (loc. cit.) and the Standard Data estimated from

Walch’s figures.

To this species are now assigned the following specimens,

Two specimens taken in a log near the camp at Morotai, Halmahera, in the

Celebes, 24 April, 1945, by Maj. R. N, McCulloch. Only one of these was suit

able for measuring and gave the following Standard Data: AW 66-0, PW 73-0,

SB 26-0, ASB 30-0, PSB 12-0, SD 42-0, A—P 30-0, AM 45-0, AL 45-0, PL

60:0, Sens. 45-0.

One specimen collected by Capt. L. J, Dumbleton from a rat on Nissan,

Green Island, in the Solomons, 23 March, 1944, with the following Standard

Data: AW 69-0, PW 75-0, SB 24-0, ASB 27-0, PSB 15-0, SD 42-0, A-P

27-0, AM 42-0, AL 45-0, PL 62-0, Sens. 50-0,

he above values generally are somewhat lower than those computed by

Womersley and Heaslip from Walch’s drawings, The DS number ca. 54, are

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Paciric SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 127

arranged 2.12.10.10,8,6.4.2, and measure up to 504 long, Walch gives the DS

as numbering 58,

The dorsal seutum is rectangular with the posterior margin almost reetili-

near between PL (in the Nissan specimen it appears to be somewhat deeper

behind PL, although the same distance from SB, and resembling that in nissani

Dumbleton). The palpal claw is trifureate, setae on palpal femur and genu

branched; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral branched (all 3 nude

apparently in specimen from Nissan), The chelicerae are furnished with only

the apical tricuspid cap, and the galeal setae are furnished with a single branch

(not nude as given by Walch),

The anterior eyes on each side are very large and conspicuons and both

eyes. are on distinct ocular shields,

In the posterior seutal margm and the nude ventral seta of the palpal

tibia the specimen from Nissan resembles the species 7. nissani Dumbleton, but

the number and arrangement of DS are as in denstpiliata.

TROoMBICULA coRvrt Hatori 1920,

Taiwan Igakai Zasshi, No. 209, Pt, If; Kawamura and Yamaguchi, 1921,

Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med., 4, 169; Sugimoto, 1936, J. Jap. Soc. Vet.

Sei., 15, (1), 200-213 (in Japanese with English Summary); Womersley

and Heaslip, 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Aust., 67, (1), 88.

Plate 23, fig, A.

This species was described from fowls from Formosa. Hatori’s original

paper has not been seen bat Kawamura and Yamaguchi give the following

details in the form of a table.

“Length 789-lu, width 648-8,. Shape almost quadrate. Colour orange

red. Dorsal secutum approximately trapezoidal, anterior margin shorter than

posterior ; anterior and lateral margins rectilinear in comparison with posterior

margin which is backwardly curved; length 37-0n, width 87-0; line between

postero-lateral seta 8% behind pseudostigmal iine, Sensiliae in distal half quite

nude, in proximal half with 7-8 strong short branches; 58-1y long. Eyes 1+ 1,

lens 17-4» in diam. Total setae 108%, dorsally arranged 12.10.16.12,10.8,

length 454. Palpal femur with 1 long branched seta; genu same; tibia all

3 nude; tarsi with 1 thick long branched, 2 rather thin long branched setae.

Galeal setae nude. Tarsi III without any long nnde seta. On birds’’.

From these details Womersley and Heaslip (1943) gave an approximate

scale figure of the dorsal seutum.

No material referable to this species has been seen since the original

deseription, but apparently it is a form that should be easily recognized by the

sensillae being nude distally and ciliated basally.

128 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

TromeBicuLa mgount Philip and Traub 1950.

J. Parasitol., 1950, 36, (1), 32-33, fig. 2.

Plate 23, fig. F-H.

This species was one of two described by the authors from bats Honycteris

spelaea, from the Batu Caves, near Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States,

March, 1948,

From the description and fignits giyen in the original publication the fol-

lowing details will diagnose the species,

Colour pale. Length (engorged) 5386p, width 2864. Scutum ag figured

with AM slightly in advance of AL and the anterior margin lightly sinuous;

posterior margin almost rectilinear between PH; sensillae filamentous, ciliated

ou distal two-thirds and their bases much nearer to line of PL than to AL;

surface finely punctate; size small. Eyes 2-1 2, relatively large, posterior the

smaller, Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude.

Palpi stout with trifurcate palpal claw; setae on femur, genu and tibia all

nude. Dorsal setae shortly ciliated, variable, 2. 8-9. 8-10. 8. plus ca. 20, to

454 long. Ventrally with paired branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxa,

a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 18 to 20

setae, slightly shorter than dorsal setae on tarsi. ITI.

The Standard Dats as given by the authors for the type and 2 paratypes

are: AW 52, 48, 50, PW 69, 65, 65, SB 22, 23, 23, ASB ca. 48*, PSB 12, 11,

12, SD ca. 60*, A-P 36, 35, 35, AM 44, 46, 45, AL 42, 42, 42, PL 57, 64, 60,

Sens. 68, —, 65.

TrompicuLa (TromarcuLa) rRirrsr Wharton 1945.

Trombicula frittsi Wharton 1945, J. Parasitol., 31, (4), 282.

Plate 23, fig. I-L.

Re-description of Larvae. A small species of ovoid shape. Length 235,,

width 173. Dorsal scutum small and pentagonal with the posterior margins

thickened and sinuous, the apical angle with a series of internally radiating

lines; angle of convexity of posterior margin = 2-78, Eyes 2-+ 2, close to the

postero-lateral angles, the posterior slightly the smaller. Chelicerae rather short,

with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae long and nude. Palpi stout with

trifurcate tibial claw; setae on femur 2-3 branched; on genu nude; on tibia,

ventral branched, dorsal and lateral nude; tarsi small with sub-basal sensory

rod, 4 nude setae and 2 strongly ciliated setae over-reaching tip of claw. Dorsal

* Interpolated from Philip and nd Traub’s figure.

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 129

setae 22, arranged 2,6.6.4.2.2, to 30p long, and ciliated. Ventrally with a pair

of branched setae on palpal segment J, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I

and between coxae ITI, and thereafter 4.4.2.2. setae to 204 long. Legs: I 180p

long, IL 162u, III 1804; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal rod, III without

any long nude seta. Sensillae rather thick-stemmed basally, with 5-6 branches

distally,

The Standard Data for five specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 42°641+-75 3-911 ,24 30+9-64°3 B9-0-42:0 9-2

Pw §4-0+1-48 3-311°05 40-05-63-95 §1-0-58-0 6-1

8B 15-60-60 1-34-4042 11-+6-19-6 15-0-18-0 86

ASR 16+2+0-73 1-6420-52 11-3~-81-1 15+0-18 +0 10-1

PSB 19-4=£0-58 1-31=40-41 15 «5-23-38 18-0-21-0 6°7

sp 35°@1-25 2790-88 27-2-44+0 33-0-39-0 7-8

A-P 17-60-40 0-89-0128 14-9-20-+3 16-0-18°0 51

AM 19*8=1-20 2- 680-85 11-8-27-8 18-0-24+0 13-5

AL 18-40-40 0-890+28 16-7-21+2 18-0-20-0 4-8

PL 29-00-63 1-410-45 248-33 -2 27-0-30°0 4-8

Sens, 36-0 No variation recorded.

Loc. and Hosts, The above re-deseription is from five specimens collected

by Ph, M. i/e L, A, Posekany of the U.S. Navy from somewhere in the Pacific,

probably the Solomon Islands, 1944. Wharton recorded it from Gehyra

oceanica, Varanus indicus and Rattus praetor, all from Bougainville,

Also from a scorpion, Heterometrus longimanus, from Kukit Lagong

Forest Reserve, Kepong, near Kuala Lumpur, Sept. 1949 (J.R.A. and K.L.C.),

in numbers, and reared through to the nymphs by K.L.C. The Standard Data

of this material, 4 of 5 larvae from scorpions, 21 Sept, 1949, and 7 of 10 larval

pelts, from same hosts and date, are slightly higher than as quoted above for

the five specimens from Bougainville and are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 47-643-8 1-250-27 43 +8-51-4 44-+8550-4 26

PW 63-1249-5 3°1520:-68 53-6-72-6 58-S-70-0 5-0

SB 17+443°8 1-290-28 13-6-21-2 16-4-19-6 74

ASB 20-:145-1 1-690+36 15-0-265 +2 16°8-22-4 8-4

PSB A2-4 Wo variation recorded.

8D 42-5461 1690-36 37 4-47 +6 39+2-44-5 4-0

A-P 17-33+4 1-1440-25 13-9-20-7 16+8-19°6 6-6

AM 31+:145-0 1-69=-0-40 26+1-36-1 28-0-33 +6 5-4

AL 25-7546-6 2,210-47 19+ 15-32-35 22 -4-30-8 8:5

PL 32-344 1:46+0-31 27+9-36+7 30°8-33"6 4-5

Sens, 50-4 No variation recorded.

130 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

Remarks. In his description, Dr. Wharton states, ‘Tibia IIL (of legs)

with a sensory seta”, and figures such a rod-like seta in his fig. LA. An

examination of his paratype in the 8.A. Museum, however, shows that such a

unique feature is not present, and this is confirmed by the recent material from

Malaya. Probably the ciliations of a normal seta were adpressed and so misled

him.

The host distribution of this species from a gecko, goanna, and rats from

Bougainville, and from scorpions in Malaya is remarkable, and is somewhat

paralleled by that of 7. rara which is also known from a pillmillipede as well

as from rats and man.

TROMBICULA INCURVA Sp. 0:

Plate 24, fig. A-B,

Description of Larvae, Shape ovate. Length (engorged) 430p, width 3830p.

Scutuni as figured with anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin

evenly curved and deep behind PL, lateral margins concave towards PL. Sens.

behind line of PL. Seutal setae rather short, with AL the shortest. Eyes ?

Chelicerae with only the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude, Palpal

claw trifureate; seta on femur with 4-5 long branches; on genu with one long

branch; on tibia apparently all 3 nude. Dorsal setae short and stiff, to 20»

long, arranged 2.6.6.4.6.4.2.2, Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on

maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III,

and thereafter ca. 20-24 setae, to 154 long. Legs: I 212y, If 186y, ITT 212,;

tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod, III without any long nude

seta.

Standard Data of the type and paratype are; AW 48-0, 54:0, PW 63-0,

75-0, SB 19-0, 23-0, ASB 21:0, 22-0, PSB 18-0, 18-0, SD 39-0, 40-0, A-P

19-0, 20:0, AM 20-0, 20-0, AL 16-0, 19-0, PL 24-0, 26-0, Sens. 43°0, —.

Loc. and Hosts, The type and 1 paratype from a gecko at Mt. Gillen,

Alice Springs, N.T. of Australia, 29.10.42, (R.V.8.).

TROMBICULA VIETZI sp. n,

Plate 110, fig. A-D,

Description of larvae. Shape ovoid but with sides rather parallel. Length

{engorged) 603, width 4024. Seutum as figured, wider than long, with

posterior margin rather shallow behind line of PL; sensillae missing, bases in

line with PL:; AM and AL equal, PL very slightly long, with strong ciliations.

Byes 2+ 2. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 131

Palpi as figured, with trifurcate tibial claw; seta on femur strongly ciliated,

on genu nude, on tibia, dorsal and lateral nude, ventral branched. Dorsal

setae shortly ciliated, short to 40u, ca, 30 in number and arranged 2.8.6.6,4,2.2.

Ventrally with paired setae on maxillae, one on each coxae, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 26 in number. Legs: I

248p, IIT 221n, ILI 248.; tarsi I and If with dorsal sensory rod, III without

any long nude seta.

Standard Data rather variable in AW and PW, for the type and 4 para-

types are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation.

AW 50-91-99 4:45241-41 876-64 -2 46°9-56-95 8-7

PW 58-952 -01 4649-41-42 45-45-72.45 53+ 6-63 +65 7-6

SB 19-8+0-31 ~ 0-69+0-22 17-7-21-9 18-55-20°1 8-5

ABB 20-1 No variation recorded.

PSB 10-05 No variation recorded.

sD 80-15 No variation recorded,

A-P 20-1 No variation reeorded.

AM. 26°85 No variation reeorded.

AL 26-8 No variation recorded,

PL 30°15 No variation recorded.

Sens. Missing.

Loe. and Host, The type and 4 paratypes from rat’s ear from Jubbulpore,

India, Jan., 1947 (8. L. Kalra).

Remarks. This species, despite the absence of the seusillae is probably

a Trombicula. It is remarkable for the strongly ciliated seta on palpal femur,

and the long nude seta ou the gent.

In the key it will come close to T. incurva sp.u., in caption 61, It is

dedicated to Dr. Karl Vietz, the noted Hydrachnologist.

TROMBICULA LEVERI sp. Nl.

Plate 24, fig. C-F.

Description of Larvae. Shape ovoid. Length (engorged) to 750, width

to 510n. Dorsal scutum as figured, anterior margin only slightly convex, pos-

terior margins almost rectilinear between PL; sensillae bases midway between

anterior and posterior s¢utal margins, sensillae missing; AM and Al with

longer and more outstanding ciliations than PL. Byes 2+ 2, on distinct

oeular shields, Jarge, and separated from PL by about the length of PW;

posterior eyes the smaller, Chelicerae missing. Galeal setae nude. Palpi

with trifurcate tibial claw; setae on palpal femur and genu with long branches:

on tibia, dorsal. seta nude, both lateral and ventral branched. Dorsal striations

132 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusSEUM

rather wide apart. Dorsal setae pointed and finely ciliated, 38 in number, and

arranged 2.8,6,6.6.6.4.2, to 60 long. Ventrally with a pair of ciliated setae on

maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and

thereafter ca, 8.8.8.8.6.6.6.4.2, to 40, long. Legs: I 330% long, IT 300p, ITI

3304; tarsi III without any long nude seta,

The Standard Data for the type and two paratype specimens are;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 62-01-00 1-73+0-71 56-8-67-2 60-0-63-0 2°8

PW 78-32-02 3511-43 67+8-88°8 75-0-82-0 4-5

SB 24-0 No varigtion recorded.

ARB 24-0 No variation recorded.

PSB 24-0 Only one determination.

SD 48-0 Only one determination.

A-P 38-3241-20 2-080-85 32-1-44-5 36+0-40:0 5-4

AM 57-0 Only one determination.

AL 35-041-00 1-730-71 29-840 -2 33-0+36-0 5:0

PL 62-0+1-00 1-730-71 56-+8-67-2 60-0-63-0 2°8

Sens, Missing in all specimens,

Loc. The type and 3 paratypes from a bat, Emballonura sp., Delciomo,

Lakeba, Lau, Fiji, 7 Nov., 1945 (R, A. Lever),

Remarks. Owing to the loss of the sensillae in all four specimens, the

species is placed tentatively in T'rombicula. Another specimen from a bat

(R.10299) from Bukit Lagong, Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya, 6 Mar., 1950

(J. R. Audy, Slide 13590) is this species, (Specimen damaged during study.)

TROMBICULA PIERCEI Ewing 1931.

Ewing 1931, Proc. U.S.N, Mus., 80, (8), 13, pl, I, fig. 4.

Plate 24, fig. G.

This species taken from a bat Hipposideros diadema griseus from Negros,

Philippine Islands, was very inadequately described, and only the palp figured.

Lt.-Col. C. B. Philip (in litt.) says, ‘‘In an effort to decide on Ewing’s T. piercei

from bats on Negros, P.L, we remounted the very damaged types, but I

couldn’t even include them in my key. Best we could say was that any

Philippine Trombiculids with sensillary pores almost on the hind margins of

the scutum and less than twice the diameter between them might be suspected

as this species’’.

In 1947, on my visit to Washington I re-examined the type U.S.N.M.,

No. 1021, and now give the following details and figure of the scntum,

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 133

Seutum not much wider than long, with SB in front of PL but behind

midline of scutum; posterior margin a shallow curve rather flattened medially;

sensillae now missing but bases. about twice their diameters apart, (Hwing says

sengillae slender, very long and barbed on distal two-thirds.) The galeal setae

are nude. Palpal claw trifurcate; all setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia

nude. Dorsal setae long and slender to 56u, 42 in number and arranged ea.

2.8.8.8.6.4.4.2. Tarsi of leg IIT without any long nude seta,

The Standard Data of the type as measured in 1947 were: AW 58-7, PW

81-5, SB 26-1, ASG 34-5, PSB 27-6, SD 62-1, A-P 41-5, AM 55-2, AL 34:5,

PL 76:0, Sens. —,

Remarks. The relationship of this species can now be given as in the

key. The above details should enable the species to be recognized, but it has

not as yet been again detected amongst the large amount of Philippine material

seen by me.

TROMBICULA SYLVESTRIS Audy and Traub 1950.

Trombicula sylvestris Audy and Traub 1950, Bull. Raffles Museum,

Plate 24, fig. H—-IKx,

Re-description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length (fully engorged),

780u, width 610, Seutum as figured, somewhat quadrate, finely punctate, but

with posterior margin sinuous and fairly deep behind PL; sensillae bases in

line with PL; sensillae missing, Eyes ? Chelicerae simple, with only the api-

eal tricuspid cap. Galeal setae branched. Palpi stout, with bifureate tibial

claw; setae on femur and genu nude, on tibia, dorsal branched, lateral and

ventral nude. Dorsal setae 26 in number, arranged 2.8.6.6.4, from 87, long

anteriorly, to 70u posteriorly, thick on basal half and then tapering (as. are

the seutal setae) and with adpressed ciliations. Ventrally with a pair of

branched setae on maxillae, a long ciliated seta on each coxa, a pair between

eoxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 8.6,4.4.4.2.2.2, to 42-60p long.

Legs: T 390 long, IT 875pn, III 480u; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod,

TIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for three paratypes are:

AW PW SB ASB PSB SD A-P AM AL PL Sens.

72°38 92-4 36-4 44:8 22-4 67-2 44-8 72-8 50-4 89:6 —

72°8 92:4 86-4 44:8 22-4 67-2 44-8 — 56:0 89-6 —

78-4 98:0 42:0 47:6 19:6 67:2 ATG 756 56-0 896 —

134 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Loc. Described by Audy and Traub from specimens on Rattus sabanus

from Ulu Langat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya, 5 Dee., 1949,

Remarks. The above re-description is from three paratypes. sent by

Dr. Audy and from the original description.

TROMBICULA @LIRicopeNs (Hirst 1915).

Microtrombidium gliricolens Hirst 1915, Bull. Ent. Research, 6.

Trombieula glricolens Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr.,

67, (1), 82.

Trombicula (Eutrombicula) gliricolens Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, Das

Tierreich, Lfg., 71b, 281.

Plate 25, fig. A-E.

This species does not appear to have been met with or recorded since its

original discovery on a rat at Calcutta, India.

Through the kindness of Dr. J. R. Audy and Maj. 8. L, Kalra, I have

recently been able to study a number of specimens collected from rats, at

Tithwal, N, Kashmir, by 8. L. Kalra, 1945.

I believe that these specimens can be referred to Hirst’s species, despite

certain disagreements with the original dseription and figure, viz. (1) the

palpal claws are definitely trifurcate, whereas Hirst says they are bifurcate,

aud (2) the posterior scutal margin is not a more or less even curve but dis-

tinctly concave medially. Both these characters may have been inaccurately

observed. In all other respects, size of scutum, dorsal setae, setation of palpi,

ete., these specimens agree with gliricolens.

A re-description of these larvae is as follows:

Larvae. Shape oval. Length (engorged) to 650y, width to 4202, Seutum

as figured, more or less rectangular, with anterior margin lightly sinuous and

convex medially; surface rather coarsely punctate; sensillae in line of PL;

AM the shortest, and well behind line of ALL; PL the longest. Eyes 2 + 2, pos-

terior the smaller. Palpi with trifureate tibial claw; setae on palpal femur

and genu branched or ciliated; on tibia ventral branched, dorsal and lateral

nude. Chelicerae simple, with distinct apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae

branched. Dorsal setae tapering, shortly ciliated, 40 in number and arranged

2.10.8.8.6.4.2, to 45. long, Ventrally with paired ciliated setae on maxillae, one

on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 135

6.6.6.4.6.4.2, to 34n long. Legs all 7-segmented, I 285, long, IT 2604, IIT 300,;

tarsi I and IJ with dorsal sensory rod, III without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for eleven specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 70-50-51 1:690+36 65-4-75-6 67 +2-72-8 24

PW $3+50-91 302+0- 64 74+5-92-5 78-489 -6 3°6

SB 25-50-25 01840-18 230-28 -0 25°2-28:-0 3-3

ASB 28-3240-25 0-84+0-18 25-+8-30-8 28-0-30°8 3°0

PSB 13-60-27 0°90+0-19 10+9-16+3 11-2-14-0 6-6

sD 41-90-55 1-82+0-39 36*4-47+4 39+2-44-8 4-3

A-P 24-4+0-55 1-8140-39 19+Q-29-8 22-4—28 +0 7-4

AM 93-21-11 8-1540-79 23-°8-42°7 30+8-39:+2 9-5

AL 38-741-05 3-5040-75 28+2-49.-2 33+6-42-0 9-0

PL 51-20-55 1+8120-39 45° 8-56-6 50-4-56-0 a5

Sens, 63-0 — —_ 61+6-64+0 —

TROMBICULA PHILIPI 8p. 1,

Plate 25, fig, F-d.

Description of Larvae. Shape ovate. Size small; length 225, width 170p.

Dorsal secutum more or less rectangular, with PW greater than AW; anterior

margin sinuous, being convex medially and concave laterally of the middle;

posterior margin rather shallow and more or less evenly curved; SB nearer to

posterior thau to anterior margin; antero-lateral corners produced well in front

of AL; AM nearer to line of SB, than to line of AL; just in front of AL is a

transverse line extending right across scutum and just behind this is a pair of

oval discs; surface of scutum strongly rugose; seutal setae with closely

adpressed ciliations ; sensillae with only 2-3 branches in distal half. Eyes 2 + 2,

on distinet oeular shields, posterior eyes the smaller. Chelicerae with only the

apical trieuspid cap. Galeal setae with 1 or 2 long branches. Palpi stout,

_ tibial claw trifureate; seta on femur with 2-3 long branches; on genu with

1-2; on tibia, dorsal and lateral nude, ventral with 4-5 branches; tarsi with

the usual basal rod and 5-6 ciliated setae, one longer than the others and

reaching beyond tip of claw. Dorsal seta 54, stiff and needle-like with only

short inconspicuous adpressed ciliations, arranged ca. 2.10.8,10.12.6.4.2, to 22.

long. Ventrally with the usual pair of branched setae on mayillae, one on

each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter abont

60 setae, somewhat similar to the dorsal setae. Legs: I 270” long, IT 225p,

III 270.2; tarsi I and IT with the usual dorsal rod; III without any long nude

seta.

136 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The Standard Data from 25 specimens are as follows;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 64-50-42 2-120-30 §8+2-70-3 60-0-68-0 3-2

PW 79-50-73 3+64+0-51 68-6-90-4 72-0-85+0 4:5

SB 22-60-29 1:44+0-20 18-3-26-9 21-0-24-0 6.4

ASB 24-90-39 1-970+28 19-0-30°8 21+0-30-0 7:+9

PSB 15-30-15 0-73+0-10 13-1-17-5 15-0~-17-0 4-8

SD 40-20-41 2-0840-29 34-0-46-4 36+0-45 "0 5-0

A-P 23-60-28 1+380-19 19-5-27-7 21-0~-27-0 6-0

AM 35°7540-37 1:87240-26 30-15-41°33 30-0-39-0 §-2

AL 27-80-40 1-99+0-28 21-9-3317 24-0-30-0 71

PL 32-00-33 1:64+0+23 27-1-36-9 30-0-36-0 5-1

Sens. 55-341:29 ' 3-87+0-91 43 °7-66°9 50-0-60-0 7-0

Loc. and Host. Twenty-one specimens from Hipposideros cervinus, Hol-

landia, D.N.G., (C.B.P. 8), 18 Nov., 1945, and four specimens from the same

host and locality (W. D. Fitzwater), (no date).

TROMBICULA QUADRIENSE Womersley and Heaslip 1943,

Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 67, (1), 79, 1943.

= Trombicula chiroptera Womersiey and Heaslip 1943, aid, 89.

Plate 25, fig. K-N.

A re-examination and re-measurement of the type and paratype of

Tr. chiroptera now shows it to be conspecifie with quadriense which has page

priority,

This is a rather characteristic species in the form of the scutum in which

the posterior margin is strongly crescentic and PW very much greater than

AW so that the antero-lateral angles are strongly obtuse. The surface of the

scutum appears strongly rugose. The eyes are 2+ 2, with the posterior the

smaller. Chelicerae furnished only with the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal

setae branched. The palpal claw is trifurcate; the setae on the palpal femur

and genu, and ventrally on the tibia are branched. The dorsal setae are 28,

arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2, to 402 long. Ventrally all coxae are unisetose and pos-

terior of coxae III the setae are 2.6.2.4.2, to 27 long. Tarsi of leg III without

any long nude seta. The Standard Data for the type and two paratypes of

quadriense and the type and paratype of chiroptera are:

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 137

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 58+8-40°80 1-790-56 53-5-64-1 56-0-60-0 3-0

PW 83-840+73 1-6440-52 78-9-88>7 82-0-85-0 1-9

SB 20-20-92 2050-65 14-1-26-3 18-0~22-0 10+1

ASB 2140 No variation recorded.

PSR 16-75+1-46 2-931-03 8+0-26-5 15+0-21-0 17-3

BD 38°25-41°43 2-8741-01 29- 65-46-85 36+0-42-0 75

A-P 23-51-04 2-08+0-73 17-3~29-7 21-0-26-0 9-0

AM 30-7520+75 1+50220+53 26° 25-35-25 30+:0-33 +0 4-9

AL 27-0 No variation recorded.

PL 44-0+1-00 2-24+0-71 37-3-60°7 40+0-45-0 5+1

Sens. 50-0 Only one determination.

Of recent material I have seen and examined a specimen from ? Solomons,

1944 (L. A. Posekany) and four specimens collected by R. N. MeCulloch at

Wongabel, Queensland, Feb., 1945, two each from a bandicoot and a possum.

Unfortunately, these specimens have been lost or misplaced.

TROMBIOULA PELTA Sp. 0D.

Plate 26, fig. A-E.

Deseription of Larvae. Shape elongate oval. Size large, length (en-

gorged) 965u, width 680x. Scutum small, rectangular, sparsely but distinctly

punctate; anterior margin sinnate; posterior margin convex but concave

medially; PL seta slightly the longer, AM seta about im line with AL; sen-

sillae missing but bases behind line of PL. Eyes not visible. Chelicerae non-

serrate, with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae ciliated. Palpal claw

trifurcate, seta on palpal femur branched or ciliated; on genu nude; on tibia,

dorsal and lateral nude, ventral branched; tarsi with dorsal and apical rods

and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae ciliated, short, to 28, arranged ea.

2.8.6.6.6.4.2, Ventrally with the usual pair of ciliated setae on maxillae, one

on each coxa, a pair between coxae J and between coxae III and thereafter

va, 6,6.6,6.6.4.2, to 32 long, Legs: I 241 long, II 210u, TTT 255y; tarsi I and

II with dorsal sensory rod, IIT withont any long nude seta.

Standard Data: AW 43-2, PW 53-2, SB 16-0, ASB 21-8, PSB 7:0,

SD 28-8, A-P 16-0, AM 30-0, AL 28-8, PL 35-6, Sens, —

Loc. and. Host. The unique type from a rat, Nainital, Kumaon Hills,

India, 10 Oct. 1946 (8. L. Kalra).

Remarks, May be separated as in the key,

138 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

TromBIcuLA (NEOTROMBICULA) JAYEWICKREMEI Sp. 1.

Plate 26, fig. F-J.

Description of Larvae. Colour in life unknown. Shape ovoid. Length

(engorged) to 450, width 350y. Scutum rectangular; with posterior margin

shallow behind line of PL, and concave medially; surface lightly punctate,

AM and PL about equal; sensiliae filamentous, ciliated distally, and their bases

slightly in advance of PL. Hyes 2+ 2, on ocular shields, close to scutal

borders, posterior eyes the smaller. Chelicerae with only the small apical tri-

cuspid cap. Caleal setae branched or feathered. Palpi stout; claw trifureate;

setae on palpal femur and genu lightly branched, on tibia all setae nude,

except ventral. Dorsal setae 30 in number, arranged 2.8.6,6.4,2.2, to 50u long,

tapering and ciliated. Ventrally, one seta on each coxa, a. pair between coxae 1

and between coxae ITI, then 6.4.4.2.2, shorter than dorsal setae, Legs: I 227p

long, II 2104, Il] 260n; tarsi I and IT with the usual dorsal sensory rod, IIT

without any long nude seta. The Standard Data from the best preparation

are: AW 67-2, PW 81-2, SB 28:0, ASB 25-2, PSB 11:2, SD 36-4, A-P

25-2, AM 50-4, AL 44-8, PL 50-4, Sens. 56-0,

Loc, and Host. Described from seven specimens, collected by Mr. S. H-

Jayewickreme; 3 from ears of Rattus rattus handiyanus, from Nalanda, Cey-

lon, Sept., 1944, and 4 frem ears of the same host from Embilipitiya, Ceylon,

Nov., 1944,

Remarks. The relationship of this larvae is best shown in the key. It has

been reared to the nymph by Mr, Jayewickreme, as described in the Adult and

Nymphal section of this paper,

TROMBICULA SOUTHCOTTI sp. 1.

Plate 26, fig. K-L.

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length engorged to 420,,

width to 3402. Dorsal seutum as figured, coarsely rugose, anterior margin

almost straight, lateral margins slightly convex but coming out prominently near

PL, which are thus placed on a lateral projection, posterior margin crescentic

except near PL, sensillae bases nearer to posterior than to anterior margin

and in front of line of PL, normal setae fairly thick with short setiiles, sensillae

with four or five fine branches distally. Eyes 2+ 2, the anterior very convex and

prominent, posterior inconspicuous. Chelicerae non-serrate but with the usual

apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae with a few fine branches basally, Palpi

stout, but small, tibial claw trifurcate; all setae on palpal segments branched,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 139

the dorsal and lateral on tibia indistinctly so. Dorsal setae thick with short

setulations, to 30 long, and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2. Ventrally with a psir of fine

branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, » pair between coxae I and

between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 2.6.4.4.4.2, to 25y long, and finer than

dorsal setae. Legs: I 260u long, II 225y, ITI 270p; tarsi I and II with dorsal

rod-like seta, III with a long nude seta, ordinary leg setae only sparsely

ciliated.

The Standard Data from the type and two paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Ohserved Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 56-71-33 2-+3120-94 49 -8-63 +6 54:0-58-0 4-1

PW 78-0 No variation recorded.

SB 18:0 No variation recorded,

ASB 21:0 No variation recorded.

PSB 18-0 No variation reeorded.

SD 39-0 No yariation recorded,

A-P 30-0 No variation recorded,

AM 30-0 No variation recorded.

AL 26-01-00 1+7340-71 19-8-30+2 24-0~-27°0 4-9

PL 36:0 No variation recorded,

Sens. 50-0 Only one determination.

TROMBICULA CUNEATA (Traub and Evans 1951).

Trombiculindus cuneatus Traub and Evans 1951, Annals Entom. Soc. Amer.

Plate 27, fig. A-D,

Shape engorged broadly oval, Length engorged 416y, unengorged 280,;

width 260% and 180. respectively. Scutum as figured, with PL aciculate-

foliate, with 5 or 6 longitudinal finely dentate carinae, and much nearer to

AL than to the rounded postero-lateral corners; anterior and posterior margins

almost straight; lateral margins slightly concave between AL and PL, then

convex; AM and AL normal, ciliated, with AM the longer; sensillae filamen-

tous, with a few short barbs on basal half and 3-4 short ciliations on each side

distally ; surface punctate. Eyes 2+ 2, posterior of PL, posterior the smaller.

Chelicerae simple, with only a prominent apieal tricuspid cap. Galeal setae

ciliated, Palpal claw trifurcate; setae on femur and genu nude, on tibia dorsal

seta with a few branches; ventral nude, lateral nude and short. Dorsal setae

aciculate-foliate with 5-6 longitudinal finely dentate carinae, about a third as

wide as long, ca, 30-32 in number and arranged ca. 2.8.6.6.4.4.2, those of the

anterior rows to 75z long by 26. wide and equal, posterior two rows smaller.

140 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Ventrally, with a pair of normal ciliated setae on maxillae, one such on each

coxa, a pait between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 8.6.2.2.

Legs all T-segmented, I 260y long, [1 2344, ILL 286,; tarsi I and II with dorsal

sensory rod (spur), III without long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 15 paratypes as given by Traub and

Evans are:

AW PW SB ASB PSB <A-P AM _ AL PL Sens.

70+4 8546 4442 2642 1642 16+2 6343 3144 60427 68+5

Loc. and Hosts, The type specimen was from Crocidura sp. from Myitk-

yima, N. Burma, 29 Nov., 1944 (coll. U.S.A. Typhus Commission), and twenty-

five paratypes from Crocidura or Suncus, same locality, Nov., 1944 to Feb.,

1945, or from Crocidura from Shingbwiyang, Burma, Feb., 1945.

Remarks. Yn 1947 I was able to measure the Standard Data of the type

and 8 paratypes in the U.S. N. Mus., tentatively labelled as Webberia carino-

foliata g. et sp. n. The data were as follows; AW 74-954+7°35, PW 88-54

237, SB 43°65+4-61, ASB 29-3, PSB 14:5+5-0, SD 43-8+5-0, A-P

15°34+2-1, AM 68:0, AL 81-9+11-0, PL 68-25+4-5, Sens. 75:0, which

correspond with Traub and Hvans’ measurements.

The two species recorded by T. J. Lawrence in Appendix 7, im ‘‘Serub-

typhus Investigations in 8.H. Asia’, Part IfIJ, AMD 7, War Office, March,

1947, as from a shrew, Suncus caerwuleus fulvoconereus Anderson, from Imphal,

1945, as ‘‘Gen. nov. species,’ ‘‘W’’ being decsribed in U.S.A., are the above

species.

The Standard Data for these two specimens are somewhat higher than for

the type series, viz. AW 84-0, 84-0, PW 106-4, 112-0, SB 50-4, 50-4, ASB

33-6, 33-6, PSB 22-4, 22-4, SD 56:0, 56-0, A-P 16:8, 16-8, AM 75-0, —,

AL 36-4, 36-4, PL 84:0 « 28-0, 84-0 x 28-0, Sens. —, —.

N.B.—In the figures given here, the dorsal seta on the palpal tibia are

shown ag nude, whereas actually they are lightly branched as in Traub and

Evans’ figures, and the AM and AL scutal setae are rather stouter than shown

in the figures in this paper.

TROMBICULA SQUAMIFERA sp. 1.

Plate 27, fig. E-I.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (partially engorged) 520,,

width 350,. Seutum large, as figured, PL nearer to AL than to posterior mar-

gin; PL aciculate-foliate with longitudinal rows of setules; sensillae filamentous,

in specimens broken short, the bases wide apart and behind line of PL; AM and

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIC SCRUB TypHuUS MITES 141

AL normal, strongly ciliated with AM the longer. Eyes 2+ 2, fairly large.

Chelicerae with only the apical cap. Galeal setae strongly branched or

ciliated. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifurcate; all setae on femur, genu and

tibia (except dorsal) nude. Dorsal setae aciculate-foliate, the 6 of the second

row natrower than others; 40 in number, and arranged 2.6,.6.9.8.6.4, the an-

terior ones to 112 long by 42 wide, posteriorly not much smaller. Ventrally

with a pair of long ciliated setae on maxillae, one on each coxu, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 30 setae to 70p long followed

by 6 and 4 setae similar to dorsal setae; on ventral surface laterally on each

side between coxae II and coxae IIT is anothr aciculate-foliate seta. Legs all

T-segmented ; I 390u long, IL 8364p, If] 416,; tarsi I and II with dorsal rod-

like seta, III without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and paratype are: AW 95-2, 98-0,

PW 117-6, 117-6, SB 47-6, 47-6, ASB 39-2, 39-2, PSB 28-0, 28-0, SD 67-2,

67-2, A-P 28-0, 28-0, AM 75-6, 72-8, AL 47-6, 53-2, PL 112-0 x 42-0,

106-8 % 42-0, Sens. broken short.

Lec. and Host. The type and paratype from a ‘‘mouse” from Baltal,

Kashmir, India, 1945, Maj. 8. L. Kalra.

Remarks. This species, in the form of the Pl, and dorsal setae is very

close to cuneata but differs in the Standard Data, the number and arrange-

ment of the dorsal setae and in the ventral setae, as given in the key.

TrRomMBICULA sQquAMOsA (Radford 1948).

Trombiculindus sqguamosus Radford 1948, Proce, Zool. Soc., London, 118, (1),

126-128, fig. 1-3.

Plate 28, fig, A—D.

This very interesting species was described by Radford from 20 specimens

from the ears of a rat taken at Ranikhet, Nainital, in the Kumaon Hills, India,

Oct. 1946 by 8S. L. Kalra. The type is in the British Museum collection.

The erection of a new genus for this species on the basis of the peculiar

foliate or phyllode-like dorsal and posterior ventral setae is unnecessary. Such

similar modification of the dorsal setae is of frequent oceurrence in many

gencra of widely different families of Acari. For example, in the Cheyletidae,

Tyroglyphidae, s.1., Oribatoidea, Tetranychidae, etc., and also in certain species

of Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) (Trombiculidae) foliate setae are not un-

common.

I have been privileged to examine a paratype presented by Dr. Radford,

and from his specimen I give the following re-description, as certain important

details are omitted from the original description.

142 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Re-description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval, fairly well chitinized,

Colour in life probably red. Length (only partially engorged) 325n, width

2104. Dorsal seutum roughly rectangular, with fine pitting; anterior margin

sinuous, posterior margin fairly shallow and slightly contave medially; AM

and AL slender and strongly ciliated, AM well behind line of AL, PL broadly

phyllode-like with strong puncturations. ‘Sensillae filamentous, basally with

distinct barbs, distally ciliated, bases in line with or slightly behind PL. Eyes

2-+ 2, on ocular shields, posterior the smailer. Chelicerae strong, not serrate,

with only the usual apical tricuspid eap. Galeal setae sttongly ciliated. Palpi

stout, tibial claw trifurcate; all setae on femur, genu and tibia (except dorsal)

nude. Dorsal setae all broadly phyllode-like, punctate and without ciliations,

covering entire dorsal surface posterior of scutum, 32 in number and arranged

2.6.6.6.6.4.2, to ca. 602 wide by 60» long, Ventrally with a pair of ciliated

setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, those on coxae II shorter than on I and

III; a pair of similar setae between coxae I and between coxae ITI, and there-

atter ca. 20 long ciliated setae arranged ca. 12:6 and 1 on each side of anus;

the extreme lateral of first row are the longest, to 100; behind and flanking the

anus are three rows of 6.6, and 2, phyllode-like setae similar to the dorsal,

and laterally betewen coxae II and III also a phyllode seta. Legs all 7-seg-

mented; I 3124 long, II 2924, TIL 360,; tarsi I and IT with the usual dorsal

sensory rod, IIE without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for this specimen are as follows: AW 88-0, PW 100-0,

SB 40-0, ASB 36-0, PSB 11-0, SD 47-0, A-P 31-0, AM 73-0, AL 67:0, PL

75-0 * 54-0, Sens. 80-0.

Remarks. Closely related to this species in having phyllode-like PL, and

dorsal setae are the following three species, cuneata, squamifera and foliacea,

and all four can be readily separated as in the key. While all four form

a group of species the erection of a genus or even subgents on the group

characters is, as stated above, unjustified, at least until such time as the

nymphal or adult stages are known.

Tromeicuna rouiacea (Traub and Evans 1951).

Trombiculindus foliaceus Traub and Evans 1951. Annals Entom. Soc. Amer.

Plate 28, fig. H-I.

Shape engorged broadly oval. Length engorged 650», unengorged 430;

width 520, and 240, respectively. Scutum subreetangular as figured, with

PL phyllode-like with large reticulations and placed very much nearer to

AL than to the rounded postero-lateral corners; anterior and posterior margins

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 143

almost straight, lateral margins lightly concave between AL and PU, then con-

vex; AM and AL normal and ciliated with AM the longer; sensillae filamentous

with rather short ciliations on distal half, their bases well behind line of PL;

surface finely punctate. Hyes 2+ 2, posterior of PL, posterior the smaller.

Chelicerae simple, with only a rather prominent apical tricuspid cap. Galeal

setae ciliated. Palpi with trifurcate tibial claw; setae on femur and genu nude;

on tibia dorsal seta branched, ventral and lateral nude, the ventral short. The

dorsal setae are broadly phyllode-like with large reticulations and an acute

apex, about half as wide as long, ca. 28 to 30 in number and arranged 2.8.6.6.

4.2.2,, the posterior 2 rows somewhat smaller than the others. Ventrally with

a pair of normal ciliated setae on maxillae, one such on each coxa, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae IiI and thereafter ca. 16 to 20 normal

ciliated setae. Legs all 7-segmented; tarsi I and I1 with dorsal sensory rod

(spur), III without any long nude seta; leg I to 234, long, IE 221p, IIT 286u.

The Standard Data from the values given by Traub and Evans for the

type and 6 paratypes treated statistically are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 66-30-64 1-70%0+45 61-*2-71°4 63-0-68-0 2-5

PW 82-15+1-01 2°6720-71 7415-90-15 77*0-84-0 3-2

8B 38-90-77 2-04+0+5¢ 82-8-45-0 35-0-42-0 52

ASB 26-30-57 1-50+0-57 2° 18-30-8 25-0-28-0 4-2

PSB 14-620°37 0-9740-26 7-175 14.0-16-0 6-7

sD 40-90-74 1-95+0-52 35+1-46'7 39-0—-44-0 43

A-P 12-90-40 1-07+0-29 9-7—-16-1 12-0-14-0 8-3

AM 50-721°20 2-08+0-85 44°5-56-9 49-0-53-0 4-1

AL 30°6241-27 3-3640-90 20+5-40-7 28-0-35-0 10-9

PL 63-941°72 4° 56cb1-22 52-2-79°6 60-0-73 +0 7-0

Sens. 60:0 Only one determination.

Loc. and. Host. The type was recorded from a shrew Crocidura sp. from

Shingbwiyang, Burma, 13 Web., 1945, and the paratypes from the same host

species and locality, Feb, and March, 1945, collected by members of the U.S.A.

Typhus Commission,

A further specimen is that recorded by T. J. Lawrence in Appendix 7 in

‘Serub-typhus Investigations in §.H, Asia’’, Part IIIT; AMD 7, War Office,

March, 1947, This specimen, from which the present. drawings are given, was

much more engorged than Traub and Evans’ material, It was referred to as

‘Gen, nov., species Fols.”? ‘Lawrence in M.S.’’ and was recorded from a

shrew Suncus caeruleus fulvocinereus Anderson from Kanglatongbi, near Im-

phal, 1 Nov., 1945.

144 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Remarks. In 1947 I was able to examine the type and 2 paratypes in the

U. 8. N. Mus., which af that time had been tentatively labelled as Webberia

cytofoliata g. et sp. noy, by the discoverers. This name has been dropped and

the species placed in Radfords Trombiculindus under the specific cuneatus nov.

As pointed out under squamosa, neither Webberia nor Tronibiculindus are

required, at least until the nymphs or adults are known and can be shown to

exhibit good generic differences from Trombicula.

N.B.—In the figures given here, the dorsal seta on the palpal tibia are

shown as nude, whereas actually they are lightly branched as in Traub and

Evans’ figures, and the AM and AL scutal setae are rather stouter than shown

in the figures in this paper.

TROMBICULA (NEOTROMBICULA) HAREISONI Sp, nt.

Plate 29, fig. A-D.

Description of Larvae. Length (engorged) to 260y, width to 1954. Seutum

roughly trapezoidal with AM and AL about in the same line; SB very close

together and much closer to line of PL than to AL; posterior margin almost

rectilinear between PL; PL the longest, AM and AL subequal; sensillae some-

what thickened medially, and then tapering, with ciliations for most of their

length, Hyes 2-+ 2. Chelicerae non-serrate, Galeal setae short and nude.

Palpi as figured, femur outwardly rather angular, and seta branched; palpal

claw trifurcate. Dorsal setae tapering, curved and shortly ciliated, to 36x

Jong, 32 in number and arranged 2.6.6,6.6,.4.2. Ventrally with a pair of branched

setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III

and thereafter ca. 40 setae to 30 long. Legs all 7-segmented, I 260, long,

IT 234y, IT 260.; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, ITI without any long

nude seta,

The Standard Data derived from ten specimens are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 47-90-31 0°93--0-22 45-1-50-7 47°G-50-4 1-9

PW 61-90-98 2-950-69 53-1-70+7 58-+8-67-2 4-7

8B 19-6 No variation recorded,

ASE 30+ 20:37 1-18+0-26 26°7-33-7 28-0-30-8 3.9

PSB 14-0 No variation recorded,

sD 44-20-37 1-18+0-26 40-7-47°8 42-0-44-9 2-6

A-P 38+1+0-85 2-70+0-60 30-0-46-2 33*6-42-0 71

AM 41-120.59 1-44+0-49 36-8-45+4 39-2-43-0 3-5

AL 43-3540-35 0-990+25 39-4=45 +3 42-9-44-8 243

PL 47-6 No variation recorded.

Sens, 68°6 Mean of two determinations 67-2 and 70:0,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 145

Loc, and Host. Described from the type and nine paratypes collected from

bats, R.11018, from Bukit Lagong Forest Reserve, Kepong, Kuala Lumpur,

F.M.S. (British Serub-typhus Research Unit, Slide 14765 (6 spee.), 14766 (4

spec.), 1950),

Remarks. In the shape and general proportions of the scutum, this spe-

cies is very close to JT. insoli Philip and Traub 1950, also described from

bats, from Malaya, and was at first thought to be this species. It differs from

insollt however, slightly in the Standard Data, and more particularly in the

form of the sensillae, in having all the setae on the femur, genu and tibia of

the palpi branched, and in. the fewer dorsal setae.

It.is named after Mr. J. L, Harrison, ecologist to the S.T.R. Team.

The larvae were also reared through to the nymph (described elsewhere in

this paper), by Mr. K. L. Cockings,

Genus TECOMATLANA Hoffmann 1947,

Annales Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, 4, (4), 451-457, fig. 1-6

(Genotype Tecomatlana sandovali n, sp.)

= Sauriscus Lawrence 1949, Annals Natal Museum, 11, (8), 452, fig. 39 a-e

(Genotype Sauriscus ewingt n. sp.)

= Trisetica Traub and Evans 1950, J. Parasitol., 36, (4), 356-359, fig. 1-4.

(Genotype Trisetica melvint n. sp.)

The genus ZTecomatiana was based on a species from Mexican bats and

characterized as follows:

**Palpal claw with four prongs, the middie one being much the largest,

Chelicerae with a row of minute reflected teeth on the dorsal and apical region

of the chela and with a single, obtuse, broad and little tooth on the ventral

margin. Dorsal plate small, roughly pentagonal with only three setae in addi-

tion to the pseudostigmatic organs, which are flagelliform and filamentous.

Eyes large in relation to other genera, the posterior ones being smaller. All

tarsi with three more or less equal claws.

Differs from all other genera of the subfamily Trombiculinae in its dorsal

plate, which bears only three setae, in addition to the pseudo-stigmatie organs

and in the particular arrangement of the palpal claw’’.

Miss Hoffmann does not. refer to the postero-lateral scutall setae, which

are present, but due to the small and reduced scutum are not placed thereon,

as is clearly shown in her figure 2. They are, however, the first row of 1+1

setae, in her series of dorsal rows. The description of ‘a row of minute

146 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

reflected teeth on the dorsal and apical region of the chela’’ at first suggests a

serrated chela. The author’s figure 3 shows clearly, however, that the minute

teeth are confined to the lower edge of the usual tricuspid cap, and are not the

normal serrations on the inner cheliceral margin seen in some other Trom-

biculids.

The only valid character by which Tecomatlana can be generically separ-

ated appears to be the very much reduced scutum causing the postero-lateral

setae to be widely situated off the seutum. Until such times as the nymphs or

adults are known and correlated with the larvae the genus should perhaps

stand on the above feature. It must be pointed out, however, that an indica-

tion of such displacement, although slight, is clearly seen in the Malayan

species Schdngastia (Ascoschingastia) malayensis Gater; and in Schongastia

(Ascoschéngastia) masta Traub and Sundermeyer 1950, the posterior lateral

seutal setae are as far removed from the scutum as in Tecomatlana, ete.

The four-pronged palpal claw on which Miss Hoffmann lays stress is not

of generic value, as is evidenced by the varied fureation of this organ, occur-

ring within other genera, and as'shown in the keys here given.

In 1949, R. F. Lawrence, overlooking Tecomatlana, described the genus

Sauriscus, with similar seutal characters, for a species Sauriscus ewingi nov.

from a gecko from §. Africa. The only character by which this might be

generically distinct is the presence of but a single large eye on each side

instead of two. The posterior eyes in many Trombiculids are frequently ill-

defined, and difficult to see, so that one may be doubtful of the generic value

of the number of eyes. Lawrence does not state the nature of the palpal claw.

More recently, Traub and Evans haye described the genus Trisetica, for a

species found inhabitating bat eaves at Myitkyina, in Burma. They have

apparently overlooked Lawrence’s paper, and only compare their genus with

Tecomatlana.

The seutum is similar to that of Tecomatlana and Sauriscus, being reduced

with the postero-lateral setae well off the seutum. The palpal claws are con-

irasted with those of Tecomatlana in being trifurcate and somewhat long and

straight. The apical tricuspid cap of the chelicerae lacks the minute teeth on

its lower edge. The eyes are two on each side and large.

It appears then that both Sawriscus Lawrence, and T'risetica Traub and

Eyans are synonymous with Tecomatlana Hoffmann. Inecidently, the some-

what thickened or “‘subflagellate’’ sensillae of the type of Trisetica approach

the lanceolate form found in some species of Schingastia, but its affinities are

I believe nearer to Tecomatlana and Trombicula than to Schéngastia.

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 147

TERCOMATLANA MELVINI (Tranb and Hvans 1950).

Trisetica melvini Traub and Evans 1950, J. Parasitol,, 36, (4), 356-359, fig. 1-4.

Plate 29, fig. H-H.

Description of Larvae (after Traub and Evans), ‘‘ Body subovate; dorsum

and venter with fine parallel striations; length 0:54 mm.; width 0-38 mm,

Dorsal plate. Anterior margin slightly sinuate, concave at the insertion of

the antero-lateral bristles, forming shoulders; lateral margins with a shallow

median sinus; caudal margin very slightly coneave, corners strongly rounded ;

punctate over most of its surface. Sensillae with short barbs on proximal por-

tion, but apical two-thirds with Jonger cilia, Bases of sensillae inserted

slightly posterior to midline of plate. Antero-lateral setae short and plumose.

Antero-median bristle extending beyond apex of plate plumose. Postero-lateral

setae as far off plate as bases of sensiJlac are from margin; near eyes; similar

in shape and size to antero-median bristle. Eyes: Well-developed; anterior

eye with diameter of 17 microns; that of posterior eye 10 microns. Chelicerae:

Acuminate, about four times as long as broad near base; with a single sub-

apical noteh. Palpal claw: with lateral prongs almost as long as middle prong.

Palpal tarsus: Longer than broad at base; with four ventral bristles, three of

which are sparsely plumed and the fourth shorter and virtually unbarbed;

with a proximal ventral short. spur-like process; with a dorsal long bristle which

is apically plumed. Palpus: Trochanter and femur each with a dorsal sparsely

plumed bristle; tibia with a dorsal naked bristle and with a ventral short

branched seta. Galea: With a pair of plumed proximal ventral setae. Dorsal

setae; Similar in appearance to antero-laterals; about 52 in number; the rows

irregular, but approximate arrangement of the anterior rows is: 2:12:12:10...

Coxae: Punctate; unisetose, the setae plumose. Sternal setae: A pair of plu-

mose setae between bases of coxae I and II; three such pairs between coxae III,

the middle one of each group of three more posterior than the others. Ventral

setae: Approximately 36 in number; short and irregularly arranged. Legs:

J—0-27 mm.; IJ-—0-23 mm.; IT—0-25 mm. Sensory setae as follows: I—two

genualae, one microgenuala, two tibialae, one microtibiala, one spur, one micro-

spur laterad to spur, one pretarsala. T—one genuala, two tibialae, one spur,

one microspur slightly proximad to spur, one pretarsala. III—one genuala,

one tibiala. Tarsal claws; Elongate, acuminate, eurved, resembling the blade

of a scythe; middle claw sli¢htly thinner than ofhers.”’

The Standard Data given for four specimens by the authors show consid-

evable variation as follows:

148 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 43-7541'03 2-06-0+73 37-6-49+4 42-0-46-0 4-7

PW 66-75245+22 10-443 -69 35 «45-98-05 56-0-81-0 15-7

8B 1850-87 I-7340-6) 13+3-23+7 17 +0-20-0 9-3

ASB 23-7520-75 1-500-53 19-25-28 °25 23 -0-26-0 6-3

PSB 17:0 No variation recorded.

8D 40°760-75 1+50+0'53 36+25-45 -25 40+0-43-0 3°7

A-P 33-042-86 5-7122+02 15-9-50-1 26-0-40-0 17-5

AM 36-741°76 3051-24 27+5-45-9 34-0-40-0 8:3

AL 29-021:78 3-55+1-26 18-5-39°5 26-0-33-0 1-2

PL 43+7520-75 1-5040-53 39+ 25-48-25 43-0-46°0 3-4

dens, 53> 7541-43 2-87241-01 45° 15-62-35 50-0-56-0 5-3

Genus MYOTROMBICULA Womersley and Heaslip 1943,

Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1943, 67, (1), 99.

This genus erected for a specimen found amongst the debris in a jar of

spirit containing bats in the collections of the South Australian Museum, the

probable locality for the bats being South Australia. It was assumed that the

specimen came off the bats. ;

The genus is peculiar in that the chelicerae are short and stumpy with

two large blunt teeth, apparently an adaption for grasping hair. The palpi

are also of peculiar structure, both the femur and genu being strongly and

outwardly angulate. The tibial claw of the palp is not furcate, but on the

outer edge is provided with two small teeth, The dorsal scutum is rectangular,

provided with the normal five setae and two ? filamentous sensillae, The legs

are all 7-segmented.

Genotype Myotrombicula vespertilionis Wom, and Heasp. 1943.

MYoTROMBICULA VESPERTILIONIS Wom. and Heasp. 1943.

Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1943, 67, (1), 99,

Plate 30, fig. A-F.

Shape almost round. Length 275», width 2804. Dorsal scutum trans-

versely rectangular (ef. fig. A) with anterior margin concave, posterior evenly

convex, and SB in front of line of PL; sensillae wanting, probably filamentous.

Eyes apparently absent. Cbhelicerae short and stumpy with two blunt and

strong teeth, as though for grasping hair (ef. fig. C). Galeal setae branched on

distal fifth. Palpi stout, strongly incurved and both femur and genu out-

wardly strongly angulate; tibial claw not furcate but with two smal] teeth on

outer margin; setae on femur and genu strong, curved, with short indistinct

ciliations; on the tibia, the dorsal seta is similar, the lateral apparently uude

and the ventral with many long branches; the tarsus is short, with sub-basal

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 149

sensory seta, subapical sensory nude seta, and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal

setae 2.6(8}.8(6).8.4.8.6.4.2, to 23u long, tapering with short ciliations. Ventral

with paired branched setae on maxillae, one om each coxa, a pair between

eoxae I and between coxae IiI and thereafter 2.4.4.6.64.2. Legs: all 7-seg-

mented, I 170p, IL 145y, ITT 145p; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, IIT

without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 62-5, PW 65-5, SB

24-0, ASB 16-0, PSB 11-0, SD 27-0, A-P 16-0, AM 23-0, AL 19-0, PL 27-0,

Sens. —,

Remarks, The modifications of the chelicerae and palpi suggest their

adaption for grasping hair, although the modifications are not as pronounced

as in the other pilicolous families Myobiidae and Listrophoridae,

Genus HEASLIPIA Bwing 1944.

Heaslipia Ewing 1944, Proc. Biol. Soc., Washington, 57, 101-104, nom. nov.

for Trombiculoides Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soc. §. Austr.,

67, (1), 101, preoc. Jacot 1938, Psyche, 45, (2-3), 122.

As Trombiculoides Wom. and Heasp. 1943 with Trombiculoides gateri

Wom. and Heasp. 1943 as genotype was preoecupied by Trombiculoides Jacot

1938 with Say’s American Trombidium scabram as genotype, the name Heas-

lipia was proposed by Ewing (loc. cit.) in its place.

The genus is closely related to Trombicula s, str. in having only a single

and anterior dorsal scutum with long filamentous sensillae, but differs in the

characteristic scutum which has the lateral and posterior margins forming a

continuous even curve, and is furnished with 9 setae in addition to the sensillae,

arranged 1 AM, 2 AL and 2 PL with two extra ones on each side between the

AL and PL setae. The chelicerae are also characteristic with a very large and

pronounced inner subapical tooth in addition to the small apical tricuspid cap.

The legs are all 7-segmented.

Heasuipra caTert (Womersley and Heaslip 1943).

Trombiculoides gateri Wom. and Heasp, 1943, Tr. Roy, Soe. §, Austr., 67,

(1), 101.

Heaslipia gateri, Ewing 1944, Proc. Biol, Soc, Washington, 57, 101-104; Law-

rence 1949, Annals Natal Museum, XI, (3), 467.

Plate 30, fig. G—L,

In addition to the details given in the original description of the larval

species, the seta on the palpal femur is 5-branched, on the genu 2-3 branched,

150 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

and on the tibia, the dorsal and lateral setae are nude, the ventral branched;

the palpal tarsus is short. and conical with sub-basal sensory rod and sub-

apical nude sensory spine, and 5 or 6 ciliated setae, All legs are 7-segmented;

tarsi I and If rather short with the usual dorsal sensory rod, and tarsi III is

furnished with a long nude outstanding seta. The palpal claw is bifurcate.

Since the original description the dorsal scutum of the type and 2 para-

types have become more flattened and consequently the Standard Data are

now somewhat greater.

The Standard Data as now re-determined for these specimens, together

with one specimen from the Philippines are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 88-75--1-70 3°40+1-20 78-55-98 +95 $6-0-93-0 3°8

AW1 1107-01-00 2-00-0-71 101-0-113-0 104-0-108+0 1-9

AWws 97-0082 1-6340-58 92-1-101-9 95+0-99-8 1-7

PW 74-25-+1-44 2-87+1-01 65-65-82-85 72-0-78-0 3-8

MAX. W. 116-5240-87 1-730-61 111-3-121-7 115-0-118+0 1-5

8B 33-01-00 2-00+0-71 27+0-39+0 32 «0-36 -0 6+0

ASB 29-0 No variation recorded.

PSB 39+25+0-25 0-50+0:18 37-75-40 °75 39-0-40-0 1-3

sp 68-25-4025 0-50-+0-18 66+ 75-89-75 68-0-69-0 0-7

AT-ALI 14-50-+0:50 1-00-£0+35 11+5-17+5 14-0-16-0 7-0

ATA-AL2 18-25-40-63 1-262+0-44 14-5-22-0 17-0+20-0 6-9

2-PI, 21-0 No variation recorded.

AM 67-71-26 1-52-40-89 60+2-75°2 65-0-70-0 3-7

AL 51-01-00 2-00+0-71 45-0-57-0 f0-0-54-0 3-9

ALt 92-01-15 2 31ck0- 82 85-1-98-9 90-0-94-0 2-5

ALE2 72-251 -03 2-060°73 66-05-78-45 70-0-75-0 2-8

PL 58-25--1-70 3-40-F1-20 48°05~68 +45 54-0-61-0 6-8

2-4

Ses. 93-01-12 2-24+0+79 §6-0-99-+7 90-0-95-0

The additional measurements of the Standard Data as used above are:

AW 1 = distance between setae Alu, ie. the second pair of lateral setae.

AW2 = distance between the third pair of lateral setae, ie. AL,

Max. W. = maximum width of sentum.

AL-—AL1 = distance between first and second lateral setae.

Al1—AT2 — distance between second and third lateral setae.

AL2-PL — distance between third lateral and postero-lateral setae.

AL! and Ali? = lengths of second and third pairs of lateral setae respec:

tively.

Remarks. As the nymphal or adult stages of this species are unknown,

its genevic relationship with Trombicula s. str. is uncertain, but on the peculiar

dorsal secutum and chelicerae in the larvae, a separate genus seems at present

advisable.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 1351

This species, the genotype, was described from specimens from Rattus

ratius argentiventer Chase, from Selinsing-Gunong, Semanggel, Perak, 15

March 1932, and sent to the Adelaide Musenm for study from the Institute for

Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, F.MLS.

Lt.-Col, Philip’s specimen ‘was from the ear of a rat, at San Jose, Mindoro,

Philippine Island (coll, J. R. Mangrum, Jan., 1945).

Genus NOVOTROMBICULA Womersley and Kohls 1947.

Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 1947, 71, (1), 4.

Larvae as in Trombicula, but. with the dorsal seutum produced posteriorly,

tongue-like, and taking in some of the median setae of some of the dorsal rows,

as in the genus Gahrliepia, otherwise with the usual 5 setae and a pair of

filamentous sensillae,

Genotype Novotrombicula. owiensis Wom. and Kohls 1947.

NovoTROMBICULA OWIENSIS Wom, and Kohls, 1947,

Tr, Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 1947, 71, (1), 4.

Plate 31, fig. A~H.

Shape subrotund. Size small; length (unfed) 255, width 180». Dorsal

scutum large, tongue-shaped and produced posteriorly to take in the two median

setae of the third dorsal row, in addition to the AM, AL and PU setac; sen-

sillae long and filamentous with ciliations on the distal half, bases wide apart

and about midway between line of AL and PL, Hyes 2+ 2, on distinct ocular

shields placed close to the lateral seutal margin; posterior eyes the smaller.

Chelicerae with only the usual apical tricuspid cap, but on the inner margin

below the cap with rather prominent subapical angle. Galeal setae long and

nude. Palpi rather slender, with rather long slender and bifurcate tibial claw,

the dorsal prong of which is small and indistinct; palpal femur and genu

with a long slender, shortly ciliated seta; all three setae on tibia long and

apparently nude; targi moderately long and conical, with a Jong sub-basal sen-

sory rod and fiye or six long ciliated setac, Dorsal setae rather thick, slightly

tapering, shortly ciliated and of two sizes, arranged 2.4.4[2].4.2.2; the second

row with the median pair just off the seutum and to 57 long; the inner

members of the third row are on the scutum and are short to 24. Ventrally

with a pair of branched or ciliated setae on the gnathosoma, one on each coxa,

a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter 6,2,2.2.2. to 24y

long. All three pairs of coxae touching. Legs: I 255py long, IT 240y, ITI 275p;

tarsi I and II with the nsual sensory rod-like seta, III without any long nude

seta.

152 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Genus SCHOENGASTIA Oudemans 1910,

Entom. Ber., 3, (54), 96, 1910.

Larval Trombieulidae, with a single anterior dorsal seutum furnished with

5 normal ciliated setae and a pair of clavate or capitate sensillae which arise

from cupules inserted flat on the scutal surface and not in a transverse crest-

like wall. Chelicerae not unusually slender, with the inner (dorsal) edge

serrated or not. Palpal claw bifureate or trifureate. All legs 7-segmented,

except in S. (8!) oudemansi (Walch), S. (A.) heaslipi Wom. and Heasp., and

§. (A.) traubi sp. n., where leg IT and III are 6-segmented.

Genotype Thrombidium vandersandei Ouds., 1905, Entom. Ber.,

1, (22), 216,

The chelicerae in the genotype are serrated and this led the American

authority, Dr. H. E. Ewing, to erect the genus Ascoschéngastia Ewing 1946 for

those species, earlier placed in Neoschdéngastia Hwing 1929, which had the

chelicerae non-serrate and at the same time were without the transverse scutal

crest of Neoschéngastia. As stressed in the section of this paper dealing with

the adults and nymphs, species of Schéngastia and Ascoschéngastia in ‘which

those stages are known cannot be separated generically. In this regard it

would appear to be unwise to treat Ascoschéngastia as more than a subgenus of

Schéngastia on the basis of larval characters only. Similarly, although

unknown as yet from the adult or nymphal stages, the genera Huschingastia

Ewing 1938, Oenoschéngastia Womersley and Kohls 1947 and Radfordiana

noy. may ultimately be shown to be no more than of subgeneric status.

CHELICERAE SERRATED ON INNER (DORSAL) MARGIN.

Subgenus SCHOBNGASTIA 3; str, Ewing 1946,

1. Lees I 7-se¢mentep, II anp Lil 6-seamMEntep.

ScHéneastia. (ScH6NGAsTIA) OUpbEMANSI (Walch 1923).

Trombicula oudemanst Walch 1923, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med., 5, (3);

Fletcher, Lesslar and Lewthwaite, 1928, Tr. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and

Hygiene, 22, 161.

Schéngastia oudemansi, Gater 1932, Parasitol. 24, 154; Womersley and Heas-

lip, 1948, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Austr., 67, (2), 102.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 153

Neoschingastia impar Guuther 1939, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S. Wales, 64, (1-2),

85; Womersley and Heastip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe, S. Austr., 67, (1), 116;

Radford 1942, Parasitol., 34, (1), 74.

Neosehdngastia bodensis Gunther 1940, Proc. Linn. Soe, N.S. Wales, 65, (5-6),

482.

Plate 32, fig, A-E.

In 1943 Womersley and Heaslip synonymized Gunther’s bodensis from

Borneo with his impar from New Guinea. The latter species, while agreeing with

audemansi of Walch in the form of the dorsal seutum, the dorsal setae and

the lengths of the scutal setae, was considered to differ in the chelicerae not

being serrated. On the last character it was placed in the genus Neoschingastia

as then understood, but in view of Hwing’s restriction of this genus, impar

would now become a species of Ascoschéngastia if the non-serration of the

chelicerae did ocetr in this species.

In correspondence, however, Dr. H, 8, Fuller has drawn my attention to

the fact that in certain specimens determined by me as impar Gunther, in the

collections. of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) careful examination shows that

the chelicerae are indeed serrated. This observation, which I was able to affirm

while in London in 1947, led me to re-examine all the material in the South

Australian Museum collections of both impar Gunther and bedensis Gunther

and to compare them with specimens of oudemansi Walch, from the Federated

Malay States, determined by B, A, Gater,

In all this material it ean now be stated that the chelicerae are definitely

serrated and both of Gunther’s species must be synonymized with oudemansi

Waleh. Amongst the species of Schéngastta from the Asiatic-Pacific region,

oudemans? is particularly characterized, as in the key, by the almost rectangular

scutum, furnished with comparatively short. setae of which PL are the shortest,

The sensillae are clavate, finely ciliated and the sensillae bases midway

between the anterior and posterior seutal borders with a well defined inwardly

curved line in front of each base. The palpal claw is bifureate, and only the

setae on the palpal femur and genu shortly and sparsely branched, almost

nude. The dorsal setae are short, and arranged 2,6.6,6.6.4. Tarsi ILI are

without any Jong outstanding nude seta. (In his deseription of impar (loc.

cit. p. 86) Gunther states that tarsi III bear a long nude seta, but in the four

paratypes I have been able to examine this is not so).

A remarkable feature of oudemansi (also of impar and bodensts) is that

the femora of legs II and ITI are not secondarily divided as is that of leg I, and

154 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

as are ali three pairs of femora in all other species of Schéngastia, except

S. (A4.) heaskipi Wom. and Teasp. and 8. (A.) traubi sp. n.

The secondary subdivision of the femora however, is not a true articula-

tion, and it seems unwise, at present, in view of our little knowledge of generic

characters of the adult Trombiculidae to regard the non-subdivision of the

femora of legs II and IJI of larvae of the above species as of more than sub-

generic value,

The following Standard Data is derived from 1] specimen from Federated

Malay States, det. as gudemansi by Gater, 4 paratypes of impar Gunther from

Bulolo, N.G., 1 paratype of bodensis Gunther from Borneo, as well as 19 speci-

mens from Lae, N.G, and Sansapore, D.N.G., previously identified as impar.

Standard Theoretical Obseryed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW §1140°65 3° 2740-46 41:6-61-2 48-0-57-6 6-3

PW 66-1+0-47 2-34-40-33 59+1-73"1 64-0-73 +6 3-5

8B 306540 °3T 1:85+0-26 25-1-36 2 28-8-35+2 60

ASB 25-6 No variation recorded.

PSB 19°45+0-15 Q+74£0-10 17°25221-65 19-2-22-4 3:8

8D 45-20-19 O+94+0-13 42-4-48-0 44-8-48-0 2-1

A-P 34:020-15 0-73+0-10 31-8-36:-2 32-0-36°8 2-2

AM 34-70-33 1-20+0-23 31+1-88-3 32-0-35-2 8-5

AL 22-650-25 1-2520-18 189-2674 19+2-25-6 575

PL 13°+5520° 22 1-120-16 10°2-16-9 12-8-16'0 B+4

Sens, 38-0 with bead 9-6 wide. Only 1 determination.

ScHéncastia (ScHONGASTIA) LEWTHWAITEI Sp. 0,

Lawrence, T. J., 1945. W. O. Rept., A.M.D.7,

“

Ascoschéngastia n. sp. ‘C0’

Appendix 7.

Plate 111, fig. A-C.

Description of Larvae. Shape (engorged) oval; length to 536y, width to

375n. Scutum as figured, sub-quadrate but wider than Jong, and with PW

greater than AW; anterior margin lightly sinuous, posterior margin not very

deep behind line of PL and lightly concave medially; sensillac bases large

within strongly marked crescents, and much nearer to PL than to AL; sen-

sillae unknown; AM, AL and PU setae subequal with AM slightly shorter than

AL, and PU slightly shorter than AL. Eyes 2-++2, posterior the smaller.

Chelicerae with apical tricuspid cap and the inner edge finely but indistinetly

serrate, Galcal setae nude. Palpi as figured, tibial claw bifurcate; setae on

femur ciliated, on genu ciliated, on tibia ventral branched, dorsal and lateral

apparenty nude. Dorsal setae ca. 42 in number to 45p long and arranged

2.6.6.6.6.6.44.2, Ventrally with paired ciliated setae on maxillae, one on each

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 155

coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae IIT and thereafter ca. 46 to 30p

long. Legs: I 268, long, II 241p, III 308; I 7-segmented, II and III 6-seg-

mented ; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, III without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data derived from the type and 3 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff of

Méan Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 68-0+0+80 1-60-£0+50 63-2-72°8 67-8-70-4 2.3

PW 86-0+3-09 6°18+-2-18 67-5-104-6 80-0-92°38 772

SB 38-4 No variation. recorded.

ASB 35-21-31 2-6140-92 27-4430 32:0-3814 7-8

PSB 22+4 No variation recorded.

8D §7-621-31 2-6120-92 49-8654 54-4—60°8 4-5

A-P 44-81-31 2°6140:+92 37-0-52-6 41-648 °0 5°8

AM 34-40-80 1600-56 29-6-39-2 32+0-35+2 4-1

AL 35-2 No variation recorded,

PL 36-00-80 1-60+0-56 31-2-40-8 35°2-38°4 44

Seng Missing

Loc. and Host. Amongst the material in Lawrence’s “Type Box’’ of

slides, in the London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, which I have

been permitted to study by Dr. J. R. Audy, are 4 slides, Nos. 37-40, labelled

“* Ascoschéngastia n. sp. ‘OC’, Lawrence in M.S.’’ and referred to as such in

Appendix 7, to War Office Report, AMD 7, March, 1947.

Lawrence records these specimens as 3 from the type host, a tree shrew,

Tupma belangeri belangeri Wagner, and 2 specimens only from Hydromys

humet. The locality was Palel, Tamu Rd., 30 miles south of Imphal, Manipur

State, India, Nov. 24th, 1945.

Slides Nos. 39 and 40 are now in the collection of the South Australian

Museum.

Remarks. This species in the conformation of the seutum closely resembles

S. (A.) lacunosa Gater and was at first thought to be that species, In having

the second and third pairs of legs, however, only 6-segmented and the inner

margin of the chelicerae finely serrate it comes much closer to 8. (8.) oude-

‘manst, from which it differs in the Standard Data, especially the length of

the PL scutal setae.

2. ALL uEGs 7-SEGMENTED.

a. Palpal claw bifurcate.

ScHénadstraA (SCHONGASTIA) VANDERSANDEI (Ouds, 1905).

Thrombidium vandersandei Ouds. 1905, Entom, Ber., 1, (22), 216; 1909

Tijdschr. Entom., 52, 50.

156 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Allothrombidium vandersandei Ouds. 1906, Entom. Berl,, 2, (28), 56-59.

Thrombidium van der Sandet Ouds. 1906, Nova Guinea, 5, 106, 131, tab. 4, fig.

59-66; 1908, Tijdschr, Entom., 51, 25.

Microthrombidium vandersandei Ouds, 1912, Zool, Jahrb., Suppl. 14, 45-62.

Plate 32, fig. F—J. -

This species was originally described by Oudemans from specimens found

on man by Dr. G. A. J. van der Sande, Physician to the Dutch New Guinea

Expedition of 1903.

In Nova Guinea, 5, Oudemans cites a large number of references to the

presence of these mites, in New Guinea, Malay Archipelago and the Celebes.

It is therefore remarkable that despite these leads, this species has not

hitherto been recognized amongst the very large amount of material collected and

studied during the war years. Most specimens have been referred by myself

and other students to Schongastia blestowei Gunther and other species. Gunther

1939 (Proc. Linn. Soe. N.8.W., 64, (1-2), 94) compared his species blestowed in

detail with the data given by Oudemans for vandersandet, stressing particularly

the facts that in vandersandei the palpal claw is bifurcate, in blestowei. trifur-

cate, and that the dorsal setae are 50 and 64 respectively. In addition he

states ‘‘maxillary setae plain’’ in vandersandei, ‘‘with 4 long branches’’ in

blestowet, This difference, however, does not exist. In Oudemans’ species, the

maxillary seta is as figured by Oudemans (1906) branched and, as stated, ‘‘of

the same kind as the other coxal hairs’. The main differences between these

two species then, as brought out in the key, are the fureation of the palpal

claws and the number of dorsal and ventral setae.

The original description as given very fully in Nova Guinea 1906, is as

follows: “‘Larvae. Length. 200-300, measured on 40 specimens. Colour scar-

let; in spirits colourless. Shape of newly-hatched larvae short, scarcely longer

than wide, with small shoniders between Jegs I and II, and big rounded ones

above legs III; abdomen posteriorly rounded. Texture of epistome, dorsal

shield, palps and legs smooth, finely porate, of remainder skin of body finely

wrinkled. These wrinkles tun almost parallel to the transverse rows of dorsal

hairs. Dorsal side. Dorsal shield subhexangular, with one anterior, one pos-

terior and four lateral sides, wider than long; anterior side the longest and

straight; the 5 remainder sides almost equal in length; posterior side slightly

eoncave. Myes. Aside of the shield a double eye, of which the anterior one is

Gistinetly semi-globular, prominent and less light-refracting. Pseudostigmata

almost in the centre of the shield, round, cup-shaped. Pseudostigmatic organs

{sensillae) clavate; peduncle and head almost equal in length; peduncle rod-

WoMERSLEY—AsIATIC-Pacific. SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 157

like, thin, smooth; head swollen, distally rounded, proximally rapidly tapering

towards the peduncle, seen from aside almost equal in width and length; seen

on the top elliptical; yellowish brown with greenish hue; contents oily, yery

light refracting; surface of head examined under oil-immersion-system finely

villous. Hairs. On the anterior margin of the shield one median hair. In

each anterior and in each lateral corner of the shicld a hair. On each shoulder

above legs III a hair. On the abdomen 5 transverse rows of ten hairs each.

All the hairs are slightly curved, except the above-mentioned median hair which

lsstraight. he median hair scarcely hairy; the 4 other shield hairs are bettor

haired ; all the other dorsal hairs are more or less serrate,

Ventral side. Behind the rostrum there is a collar-shaped shield, widest

in the centre. Coxae I triangular, with posterior external angle excavate to

receive the “‘Urtrachee’’ which is round. Coxae II longer, internally rounded.

Coxae IIT almost. quadrangular; internally rounded. Anus ventral, nearer the

posterior abdominal edge than the coxae III. Hairs. Coxal hairs thin, a little

curved, beantifully pectinate with from three to five smaller hairs on the convex

side. Between the proximal ends or angles of coxae I a pair of ditto. Between

eoxae IIT a pair of ditto. Behind this pair a single hair of stiff, slightly curved

and externally serrate hairs resembling those of the dorsum. Further the

whole venter is provided with hairs of the same kind, arranged in about four

or five irregular transverse rows of about ten hairs each.

Epistome, pentangular, provided with a fine median line. Mandibles dor-

sally and internally slightly serrate.

Mazxillae (palpi). Coxae with coxal hair close to the trochanterofemur, of

the same kind ag the other coxal hairs. Hypostome ventrally smooth, distally

scarcely bilobute, dorsally opened, gutter-shaped and basally provided with long

smooth hair.* Wo trace of any epipharyne, nor of any hypopharynz. Troeh-

anterofemur dorsally and externally swollen, with proximal pectinate hair.

Genu short with dorsal pectinate hair. Tibiotarsus dorsally with one smooth

hair and one external pectinate hair, terminally with strong elaw which

externally and ventrally shows a smaller accessory claw almost in the

middle. Telotarsus short, thick, club-shaped, ventrally with three pec-

tinate hairs and two olfactoric hairs, dorsally with one pectinate hair and one

olfactoric hair. Legs rather thick; their joints rather short, increasing in

length distalward. Also the number of hairs with which they are ornated

increased distalward, from one or two to about ten or twelve on each joint. The

greater part of these hairs are pectinate. The following not pectinate hairs may

be mentioned: Legs I: genu with short smooth hair; tibia with 3 short smooth

hairs; tarsus with a thick, short, rod-like olfactoric hair and a long smooth tac-

“Galea! seta’? of recent authors,

158 RECORDS OF THE $.A. MUSEUM

tile hair, accompanied by a very short smooth olfactoric hair. Legs IT: genu

with one short smooth hair; tibia with one short smooth hair; tarsus with one

short thiek olfactoric hair. Legs IZZ; genu with one short smooth hair; tibia

with one short smooth hair. All the femora are distinctly divided in a basi-

femur and a telofemur. Paratarsi minute, almost. invisible. ‘Empodium claw-

like, thin proximally and distally nodded. Claws rather strong, curved, thicker

than claw-like empodium’’.

In the above description it is to be noted that the long nude outstanding

seta present on tarsi III of all the specimens now referred to Oudemans. species,

is neither mentioned nor figured. This is remarkable considering the metien-

lous work of Dr. Oudemans, but this seta is however, when lying longitudinally

along the tarsus sometimes difficult to see, and one must presume that Oude-

mans may have overlooked it.? Its closest relative amongst those species of

Schéngastia s. str. with bifurcate palpal claws is S. pseudo-schuffinert (Walch),

which is distinguished as in the key by the shape and dimensions of the dorsal

scutum, and the number and arrangement of the dorsal setae.

The following Standard Data is derived from 63 specimens now recorded

from various localities in New Guinea: Abidari, Mandated Territory, 28 July,

1948 (1 spec, R. N. MeCulloch) ; Dumpu, M. T., Nov. 1943 (5 speo. R. N. McC.) ;

Lae, M,T., 8 Aug. 1944 (6 spec, R.N.McC.); Buna, M.T. (2 spec. No. 32-1, 3

spec. No. 32-5, G. M, Kohls) ; Milne Bay, Papua, Aug. 1943 (4 spec. S. L. All-

man), Nov. 1943 (5 spec. on Ratius comatus, W. D. Exton); Hollandia,

D.N.G., 2 Mar. 1945 (2 spee. on boots, C. B, Philip), (3 spec. on man, C.B.P.),

22 May, 1945 (6 spec. on man, C.B.P.); Sansapore, D.N.G., 10 Nov. 1944

(5 spec. on Rattus concolor, C. Mohr.), 25 Noy. 1944 (3 spec. on Kattus ringens,

1 spec. on R. concolor, C.M.).

Standard Theoretical Observed Cooff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 66 °90+41 3:30+0+29 57-0-76-8 60-8-76-8 4-9

PW 88°6+0-57 4-54+0-40 75-0-102-3 80-0-99-3 Bel

AR 25-80-10 O-83£0°07 23°3+28-3 24-0-28-8 a2

ASB 35-5240-12 0-95-0708 32 -6-38 4 85:3-38-4 2-7

PRB 28-70-09 0-72+0-06 26-5-30'9 25"6-52-0 2-5

sD 64-4015 1-17+0°+106 60+ 6-67 «6 60-8-67-2 1+8

A~P 31-720:14 1-13+0-16 28-83-3851 28-§-35-2 3-6

AM 37°340+22 1630-15 32-4-42-4 35+3-41-6 44

AL 77°840-41 3-26-0729 68 -0-87-6 70+4~83°2 4-2

PL 58-10-22 2+57+0-23 0-4-6585 54-4-64-0 Ak

Sens. 32-0 with head 16/19. Wo yariation recorded.

1In a recent letter from my eoUeague, Dr. G. L. yan Kyndhoven I am indebted for the

information that an examination of the Oudemaus”’ type slide in Leiden whieh also contains a

specimen of S. sehuffneri (Walch) (id. H. S, Fuller) shows that on the tarai of leg IIL of

vandersandei there is a long nude outstanding seta.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 159

The number of DS given by Oudemauns is 52, but they vary somewhat,

especially posteriorly, from about 48 to 54. They measure ca. 40, long, while

the ventral setae which number ca, 36, posterior of cozae ITI measure to

30» in length. Oudemans only refers to one smooth and one branched hair

on the palpal tibia, but as in all species of Trombiculidae there are three setae

on this segment, a dorsal and a lateral (both nude) and a ventral which is

the branched hair mentioned by Oudemans.

ScuénegastiA (Sonéncasria) scuvurrnert (Walch 1923)

Trombicula schuffneri Walch 1923, Kitasato Archiv, Exper. Med., 5, (3); Tr-

Vth. Bien. Cong. Far Hast. Assoc. Trop. Med., Singapore, 1923 (24).

Neoschingastia schuffneri, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy, Soc.

8. Austr., 67, (1), 117.

Schéngustia katonis Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe, 5. Austr., 67,

(1), 104.

Schéngastia pusilla Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy, Soc. S. Austr., 68, (1), 96.

Plate 33, fig. AE.

Through the kindness of my colleague Dr. G. W, Wharton I have now been

able to study a slide of Walch’s original material of this species, which he

received from Dr, H, E. Ewing who himself had received it from the Koloniaal

Institute in Amsterdam. The slide was labelled ‘‘in virgin forest, Sumatra

1922’, In this specimen the chelicerae are serrated and the sensillae globular

as in the genus Sehéngastia. The dorsal setae are arranged 2.8.2.8.8.2 and

measure to 40x lone. The Standard Data are: AW 54:5, PW 67-0, SB. 21-0,

ASB 28:0, PSB 22-0, SD 50-0, A-P 25:0, AM 33:0, AL 56-0, PL 42-0, Sens.

32-0 with the head globular and minutely setulose. The above Standard Data

do not differ significantly for those given by Womersley 1944 for 28 specimens

of 8. pusilla, and this species must therefore be regarded as a synonym of

schuffneri Walch, as it also agrees in other morphological features.

Schingastia katonis Wom. and Heaslip 1943, erected for the specimen

described and figured, but not named, by Kawamura and Yamaguehi 1921

(Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med. TV) is probably also to be referred te Walch’s

species.

This species is closely related to §. vandersander (Ouds.), and appears to

be almost as common and widespread in New Guinea. [ differs from vander-

160 RECORDS OF THE §.A; MUSEUM

sandei in the smaller scutum and the number and arrangement of the dorsal

and ventral setae.

As in the preceding species the AL scutal setae are the longest, the sen-

sillae bases lie in line with or slightly in front of PL, the galcal setae are nude

and there is a long nude outstanding seta on tarsi ITI. The dorsal seta are

2.8.2.8.8,6.4, and the ventral setae 2.2.4.6.6.4.4. The setae on the palpal femur

and genu are branched; on the tibia the dorsal and lateral nude, ventral

branched, The palpal claw is bifureate. All legs 7-segmented.

In additon to the 28 specimens of which the Standard Data was recorded

in 1944 (under the name S. pusilla), the values for another 32 specimens from

the following localities: Batisati, N.G., Aug. 1943 (R. N. MeCulloch 8 speci-

mens) ; Dobodura, N.G., Apr. 1943 (D. C. Swan, 7 speec.); Bat. Is, Purdy.

Group, June 1944 (G, M, Kohls, 3 spec.) ; Moratai, Celebes, 1945 (R. N. Me-

Culloch, 2 spec.) ; Hollandia, D.N.G., Feb, 1945 (R. C. Bushland, 3 spec.) ;

Sansapore, D.N.G., Nov. 1944 (C. Mohr, 4 spec.) ; Noemfnur, D.N.G., Nov. 1944

(D. C. Swan, 5 spec.), are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range ge Variation

AW 53-1-40-+49 2-78-0+35 44+7-61-5 48-0-61-2 5-2

PW 70-00-36 2-04+0-25 63°9-76-1 67-2-73-6 2-9

SE 20-50-24 1:34+0+17 16°5-24°5 19-2-22-4 6-5

ASB 27-00-25 1-41+0-18 22-8-a1-2 25+6-28-8 5-2

PSB 22-550+11 0-61=E0-08 20+7-24-6 22-4-25-6 27

sp 49-60-28 1-60+0-20 44-8-54-+4 48-0-54°4 3°2

A-P 23-70-24 1+38+0+17 19° 6-27 +8 20°8-25-6 5-8

AM 27-80-37 2:050-26 21-+7-33-9 25-6~32-0 7-3

AL 54°4-0-49 2-7740-35 46-0-62-8 48-0-64-0 5-1

Ph 43-10-58 3-29+0-41 33 -2-63-0 38 +4-54~4 7-6

Sens, 32:0 with head 12-8/19-2, WNo variation recorded.

ScHénaastia (ScHONGAsTIA) rAyLort Gunther 1940.

Schéngast. taylori Gunther 1940, Proe, Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 65, (3-4), 257,

fig. 12-14; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 67, (1),

106.

Plate 33, fig. F-J.

Like the following species, 8. taylori differs from vandersandei and

schuffnert in having the sensillae bases placed well behind a line joining the Plu

scutal setae. It has, however, a roughly hexagonal scutum as in those species

but the anterior lateral sides are much shorter than the posterior-lateral sides,

i.e, AP is relatively short and less than half as long as the seutal depth. In

_ WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 161

addition the dorsal setae are more numerous, ca. 80 and arranged ca, 2.10,2.13.

2.14.12.12.8.4.

As stated by Womersley and Heaslip (1943) Gunther gives PL ag longer

than AL and figures it so. This however, is not. borne out by the examination

of the type and 4 paratypes of Gunther’s material, AL being the longest.

The setae on the femur and genu of the palpi are well branched, on the

tibia the dorsal and lateral are nude and the ventral branched, The galeal

setae are nude, Tarsi IIT is provided with a long nude outstanding seta,

This species was deseribed from Macropus (Thylogale) coment Gray from

Bulolo, N.G. No fresh material has since been seen, and the following Standard

Data is derived from the type and 4 paratypes as recorded by Womersley and

Heaslip 1943,

Standard Theorctical Observed Coeff,.of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 62:4+0-40 0:890-28 59°7-65-1 61-0-63-0 1-4

PW 79-0) No variation recorded

8B 21-2+0+20 0-450°14 1985-22-55 21-0-22-0 2-1

ASB 3a°0 No variation recorded

PSB 23:5 No yariation recorded

sD 58:5 No variation recorded

AP Ba+5 No variation recorded

AM 41-00-73 1-41+0-50 36-8-45°2 40-0-43-0 - a4

AL 77-61-29 2-88+0-91 690-862 73-0-81-0 3-7

PL gle 22 2-45+0-87 49-7-64°3 55-0-60-0 6-6

Sens. 35-0 with head 15/28. Only 1 determination.

ScHONGASTIA (SCHONGASTIA) WHARTONI Sp, 1.

Plate 34, fig. A-E.

Description of Larvae, Shape roughly oval. Length (unengorged) 200z,

width 154y. Dorsal seutum as figured, with anterior margin lightly sinuous,

the lateral margins short and PL near to AL, posterior margin deeply and

evenly rounded; AL the longest; sensillae globular, nude with their bases

behind a line joining PL, Eyes 2+ 2, on ocular shields and adjacent to the

postero-lateral scutal angles. Chelicerae fairly long with numerous teeth on

the inner (dorsal) margin, Palpi fairly stout; tibial claw bifurcate, prongs

unequal; setae on palpal femur and genu branched, on tibia dorsal and

lateral nude, ventral branched; tarsus with subapical and sub-basal nude rod-

like setae and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae 36 in number, arranged

2.8,8.6.6.4, to 354 long. Ventrally with the usual pair of maxillary setae, one

on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter

2.6.4.4.4,2.2, to 224 long. Legs I 280 long, IT 210y, III 240p; tarsi I and IT

162 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

with the usual dorsal rod-like sensory seta, IJI with a long nude outstandmg

seta. The Standard Data for the type and 3 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 50-40-80 1:6020+57 45-6-55 2. 48-0-§1°2 16

PW 64:0 No yariation recorded

SB 18-0+0:77 1-58+0-54 13 -4-22:6 46+0-19'2 B+5

ASB 25:6 No yariation recorded

PSB 22-4 No variation recorded

sD 48-0 No variation recorded

A-P 14-40-92 1-85-0-65 8-8-20-0 12+8-16-0 128

AM 34-4261-53 3-06-+1-09 25-2-43-6 32+0-38-4 9-0

AL 56-80-80 1-60250-57 52-0-G1+6 §4-4-57°6 1-4

PL 49+ 620-92 1-85+0+65 44°Q-65°2 48«0-51'2 1-9

Seng, 32-0 with head 16/22. No yariation recorded.

Loc. The type and 3 paratypes taken on boots in the serub at Lae,

N. Guinea, March 1944 (R. N. McCulloch).

Remarks. In having the sensillac bases well behind line of PL, A—-P much

shorter than the seutal depth, and the palpal claw bifureate, this species is

closely related to S.. taylori Gunther. J+ differs in the number of dorsal setae

and the shape of the seutum. It is a pleasure to name it after Dr. G, H. Whar-

ton, of Duke University, Durham, N. Carolina, U.S.A,

b. Palpal claw trifurcate.

ScHéNGAstiaA (SCHONGASTIA) BIDENTATA Sp, D-

Plate 34, fig. F—J,

Description of Larva. Shape oval. Length (engorged) to 355p, width to

2554. Scutum pentagonal, strongly but sparsely punctate, the posterior por-

tion tending to be overlapped by the striated dorsal cuticle; scutal setae rod-

like, blunt tipped, with minute adpressed ciliations; PL setae the longest; sen-

sillae clavate, ciliated, their bases about in line with PL. Eyes fairly large,

2-+ 2, on ocular shields adjacent to postero-lateral angles of secutum. Cheli-

cerae, besides the usual tricuspid eap, with only two subapical teeth on inner

margin. Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout; tibial claw trifurcate; all setae on

femur, genu and tibia of palpi nude. Dorsal setae stiff and rod-like, blunt,

with short adpressed ciliations, to 22, Jong, ‘30-31 in number and arranged

2.8(9).6.6.4.4. Ventrally with the usual pair of maxillary setae, one on each

coxa, a pair between coxae 1 and between coxae III and thereafter 2.6.4,4.2.2.2.,

to 20-224 long. Legs I 240, long, IT 224y, IIE 2484; tarsi I and II with a

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 163

long nude outstanding seta, The Standard Data for the type and 7 paratypes

are:

Standard Theoretieal Observed Coeff. af

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 63 -5540-62 1-750-44 48-3-58-8 §4°4-57-6 3:3

PW 69°7+0°46 1+3640-32 65-B=73-6 67-+6-70-4 1-8

SB 22-00-40 1‘1320-28 18+ 6§-25-4 19-+2-22+4 5-1

ASB 22+8+0-40 1:1380-28 19-4-26+2 22+4-25-6 4:9

PSB 22+4 No variation recorded -

sD 45-2+0-40 1+130+28 41+8-48-6 44+3-48-0 2:5

A-P 26+8+0-58 1-660°41 21-+8-31-8 25-6-28-8 6:2

AM 16:0 No variation recorded

AL 28-8 No variation recorded

PL 32-0 No variation recorded

Sens. 32-80-80 1-60+0-32 28-0-+37-6 32-0-35°2 50

Loc. and Host. The type and 7 paratypes from the axilla of a skink,

60 miles south of Darwin, N.T., Australia, 13th May, 1948 (R. V. Southeott).

Remarks. Amongst the species of Schéngastia this species is very charac-

teristic in the shape of the scutum, and the dorsal setae. In having only two

teeth on the chelicerae it is rather a connecting link between the species of

Schéngastia s, str. and Ascoschéngastia.

ScHoncasTia (ScHénaastia) vieTa Gater 1932,

Schéngastia vieta Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 154, fig. 5; Womersley and

Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soe. 8. Anstr., 67, (1), 103.

Plate 38, fig, A-E.

This species is closely related to the preceding, in having a more or less

pentagonal scutum. It differs, however, in having globose sensillae which are

indistinctly villous, in the scutal and dorsal setae being tapering and normally

long ciliated, and in AL being the longest of the scutal setae. The chelicerae

have more than the two inner teeth. The palpal setae on the femur and genu

are shortly branched, often appearing to be nude. The sensillae are indistinetly

setulose or villous. The dorsal setae number 32 and are arranged 2.,8,6.6.6.4.2,

sometimes 2.10.8.6.4.2, and measure to 385 im length. The ventral setae pos-

terior of coxae IIT are 6.6.6.6.4.2 approximately. All coxae I-setose. Tarsi of

leg IIT with a long nude seta.

The Standard Data from the type and 3 paratypes in the British Museum

(Nat. Iist.) measured while in London in 1947, and one paratype in the S.A,

Museum collection are as follows:

164

ASE

PSB

A-P

PL.

Seus.

Mean

63-8-40-96

773-041-004

19-70-18

26-2--0-16

26-90-48

53:1+0-32

30-80-25

28-20-84

60-32-05

50-70-99

39-30-70

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Standard Theoretical

Deviation Range

2-1540-67 47-4-60-2

2-220°+74 66+1-79-9

0-40+0-13 18+5~20°+9

0-86+0-11 25+1-27+3

1-070-34 23+8-30+1

O*720-23 51+0-55-2

0-5620-18 29-1-32-5

1:88+0-60 226-33 +8

4-G0+0+45 465-741

2°21+0-70 44+1-57-0

0-99+0°50 36:3-41-4

Observed

Range

52-8-57°6

70-4-76°8

19-2-19+8

25+ 6+26-4

26:4-28-8

52°8-54-4

30-0-31°-6

25-0-30°0

55-+0-66°0

48:4-52°8

38+4-40+0

Coeff. of

Variation

4-0

3:2

2-0

1:3

4-0

1°35

1:8

6°6

7-6

264

Amongst the large collection of Trombiculids collected by T. J. Lawrence

in Southern Burma in Noy, 1945 are 39 specimens of this species. The speci-

meng were from Rattus rattus and Nesokia hengalensis, and all from the neigh-

bourhood of Toungoo, 8.B,

The Standard Data of these 39 specimens are as follows:

ASB

P&B

A-P

Sena,

Schéngastia philipi Womersley and Kohls 1947.

(1), 6.

Mean

55-5033

78-20-34

19+4220+12

28°8

25-6

54-4

31+2+0-26

29-10-15

70+2=-0:40

54:8+0-+23

Standard Theoretical

Deviation Range

2-090-24 49-3-61-7

2-14-40: 24 71-8-84:6

0+740-08 17+2-21°6

No variation recorded

i-61+0-18 26-4-36+0.

0-97+0-11 26 +2-32-0

2-480 +28 62-8-77-6

1:410-16 50+6-59-0

32-0 with head 16/19. No variation recorded.

Plate 35, fig. FJ.

Observed

Range

51-2-60°8

73+ 6-832

19-2-22+4

28 +8~32+0

28-8-32-0

64-0-76-4

51-2-60-8

Coeff. of

Variation

3-8

2-7

ScHénaastia (ScHONGASTIA) PHILIpr Wom, and Kohls 1947.

Tr. Roy. Soc. §. Aust, 71,

This species was described from the type and 9 paratypes from a skink

Levolopisma albertisit from Goodenough Island, N.G. (coll. Jan. 17, 1944, G. M.

Kohls No. 486).

The scutum is hexagonal as in the species vandersandei, schuffnert,

blestowei and b, var. megapodius, but it only agrees with blestowei and its

variety in having a trifurcate palpal claw,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SGRUB TYPHUS MITES 165

From blestowei (and megapodius) it differs as in the key, in the smaller

scutum, the smaller number of dorsal setae, and im the seta on the palpal genu

being nude.

The Standard Data for the type and 9 paratypes in the S.A. Museum

collection as given by Wom. and Kohls 1947 are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 48-641:12 2-510-80 41-1-56-1 45-0-51°0 5e1

PW 69-G--0°+40 0+ 89=2r0+28 66°9-72-3 68-0=70-70 1-3

SR 18-40-40 0-8920-28 19-77-2111 18-0-20-0 4-8

ASB 24:0 No variation recorded

PSE 21-0 No variation recorded

SD 45-0 No variation recorded

A-—P 23°6+0-40 0;89+0-+28 20-9-26-3 22-0-24+0 3°8

AM 22+2--0-73 1-640: 52 17 -+3-27-1 21-0-24:0 Ta

Ali 59-20-49 1-09250+35 55°9-62-5 58-0+60-0 1:8

PL 42-61-12 2.51+0-80 35'1--50-1 a9 -0-45 "0 5+9

Sens, 30-0 with head 15/18, Only 1 determination.

ScHoneastia (ScHONGASTIA) BLESTOWEI Gunther 1939,

Schéngastia yeomansi Gunther 1938, Med. J. Aust., 2, (6), 202, (nom, nud,).

Schéngastia blestowei Gunther 1939, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. Wales, 64, (1-2),

92; Womersley and Heaslip 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67, (1), 108;

Womersley 1944, idem, 68, (1), 97 (in part).

Plate 36, fig. A-H.

Gunther originally described this species from a number of specimens from

two men near the Suein River, Sepik District of New Guinea. At the same

time he also recorded ag the same some specimens from the ears of a bush fowl

(Megapodius duperreyi) from Bulolo Rivér Basin, ‘Morobe District.

On the difference in size of the scntum and in the Standard Data,

the specimens from Megapadius were distinguished from those from the Suein

River, by Womersley and Heaslip (1943), as a variety under the name of

megapodius. In addition to these differences, the seutal, palpal and dorsal

setae are much longer branched in megapodius than im the typical form. -Also

in the variety in front of each sensilla base is a distinct semicircle not found in

the typical specimens, More characteristic even is the much wider distance

between the sensillae bases in megapedius. Im typical blestowet the dorsal setae

are rather variable; Gunther gives the number as up to 64, whereas the figure

given here shows 54. The latter number is approximately that found in

166

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

vandersondei with which Gunther contrasts blestewei (1939). The two species

however, are very distinct on the character of the palpal claw.

The following Standard Data for the typical form are from the figures

given by Womersley and Heaslip 1939 for Gunther’s Snein River specimens

with the following additional records: ? Solomons 1945 (4 spec. L. A. Pose-

kany) ; on boots, island north of Bougainville Aug. 1945 (8 spec. G. H. Me-

Queen); on man, Treasury Islands, Jan, 1944 (7 spec. L. J. Dumbleton); a

total of 26 specimens,

ASB

PSB

A-P

Sena.

Mean

65-70-51

86:00:66

25°90-18

32+80+32

27-00-34

59 80°36

30-40+31

34°+9--0+42

67-1+0+61

51+35+0+47

33°5+0-34

Standard

Deviation

2580-36

3°35+0-46

0+92-+0-12

1°660-23

1-730+24

1>85+0 +26

1-600 +22

197030

3-0140-43

2-40+0.38

1-53820+24

Theoretical

Range

58+0-73°4

76+0-96-0

23-1-28-7

27-8-37 -8

21-8-32+2

§4-2-66-4

25-6-35 12

29-0-40°8

58-1-761

44-15-58 -55

28-9-38-1

Observed

Range

60-8-73-6

76:8-91-0

24-0-28-8

28-8-34-0

25-6-31°0

57*6-64-0

28-8-35+2

32+0-40-0

64+0-73-6

48-(-54:4

320-352

var. mEGAPopIUS Wom, and Kohls 1948.

Tr. Roy. Soc. §. Aust., 67, (1), 104.

Plate 36, fig. F—J.

Ooefft. of

Variation

The following Standard Data is derived from the type slide in the S9,A.

Museum containing 3 specimens of Gunther’s 8. blestowei from Megapodius

duperreyi, together with 4 specimens collected on boots in scrub at Lae, NiG.

Apr. 1944 (RK, N. McOnlloch) and 7 specimens from a Megapodius mound at

Dobodura, N.G., 13 July 1944 (coll, G. M. Kohls, No. 506) ; 14 specimens in all.

ASB

PSB

A-P

Sens.

Mean

57-70-52

80-30-47

$2°220-2]

30-2-10-55

23-00-29

53-20-39

24-4--0° 64

38-55+0-30

67-650-90

57 +2-40-56

33-150-+76

Standard

Deviation

1-940-37

1+7540-33

0-80-+0-15

2-N7—0-39

1-09-0-21

1-460 +27

2°382h0+45

1040-21

B-12-+0-64

2+01+0-39

2-770-54

Theoretical

Range

51+ 9-63 -

75-1-85-

29 +8-34-

24>0-36-

19-7-26-

48-S-57 +

17-3-31-

35-4-41-

58-3-77+

51-2-63 +2

24-85-4145

wee DD Of OF

Observed

Range

§4-4-60-°8

76-8-83°2

32-0-385-0

26-0-32+0

22-4-26-0

51-°2-64+4

20-0-25 °6

37-0-41-6

G3-0-70-4

§4-4-62-0

80-0-38+4

Coeff. of

Variation

Syn wo Pw w

wuss ow

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 167

Scuona@astia (ScHONGASTIA) OCULICOLA gp, n.

Plate 37, fig. A-E.

Description of Larva: Shape oval. Colour in life wnknown. Length

(engorged) to 420,, width to 350,. Seutum relatively small, as in figure,

with the anterior margin sinuous, lateral margins lightly coneave, and the

posterior margin laterally lightly concave, medially convex; scutal setae slender

and tapering with only short adpressed ciliations; Pl the longest, AM the

shortest; sensillae globose, ciliated with their bases fairly near together and

well in advance of line of PL. Byes 2-++ 2, indistinct, Chelicerae short, eurved

and stout, the apical tricuspid cap prominent, on the dorsal edge a strong sub-

apical forwardly directed tooth, and more proximally some fine indistinct

rounded teeth. Galeal setae nude. Palpi rather stout; tibial claw large and

strong with 2 large subeqnal prongs, and 1 smaller shorter prong; seta on palpal

femur and genu with indistinct short branches; on tibia, dorsal and lateral

nude, ventral branched; tarsus with a subapical nude seta, a dorsal sub-basal

sensory rod and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae to 42 long, fine, with only

short adpressed ciliations, 36 in number, arranged 4.6.8.8.6.4, ie. 2 humeral

setae on each side, Ventrally: with the usual pair of maxillary setae, one on

each coxa, a pair between coxa I and between coxae III and thereafter 6,8.8.8.6.2

somewhat shorter than the dorsal setae. Legs all 7-seemented; I 260» long,

TT 227, HI 2402; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod; III with-

out any long nude outstanding seta.

The Standard Data derived from two larvae and one larval pelt are:

AW 44-8, PW 71-5 (70-4-73-6); SB 16-0, ASB 22-4, PSB 19-2, SD 41-6,

A-P 29-9 (28-8-32-0), AM 16-0, AL 36-0, PI 48-0, Sens. 22-0 with head

16/16,

Host and Loc. This species is deseribed from the type and paratype (and

a recovered larval pelt from rearing experiments) from the conjunctival sacs

of Leggada boaduga fulvidinentris (Blyth) from Nalanda, Ceylon, July 1944.

Mr. 8. H. Jayewickreme of the Division of Medieal Entomology, Colombo,

to whom I am indebted for the ubove material and also the proposed name,

has successfully reared the larvae through to the nymph as described in another

part of this paper.

SOHGONGASTIA (SCHONGASTIA) PSEUDOSCHUFFNERT (Walch 1927).

Trombicula pseudoschufineri Walch 1927, Geneesk. Tijds. v. Ned. Indie, 67,

(6), 922.

Neaschéngastia pseudoschuffnerit, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe.

§. Aust. 67, (1), 117. .

168 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

Schéngastia n. sp. ‘'X."" Lawrence in MS. In Audy 1947. ‘‘Serub Typhus

Investigations in §.E. Asia, Pt. LU. Appendix 7.’’ AMD. 7. War Office,

London.

Plate 37, fig. FJ.

This species does not appear to have been recognized hitherto, since the

original description from specimens taken ou rats from the Lampong District

of Macassar. It was wrongly placed in Neoschéngastia (Ascoschongastia) by’

Womersley and Heaslip. through an oversight of Walch’s statement that the

chelicerae were saw-like.

However, I have recently been able to examine 5 specimens collected from

Rattus ratius diardi from Batavia by Dr, R. Gispin (coll. Noy. 1948) which

he considered could be referred to Walch’s species. After a careful study of

this material I can confirm Dr. Gispin’s identification.

The chelicerae are serrate and tbe galeal setae nude. Palpal elaw trifur-

eate aud the seta on palpal femur lightly branched, on genu rather less so, on

tibia nude except the ventral. The scutum is not hexagonal, the posterior mar-

gin being rounded laterally and rather flattened medially. Sensillae distinetly

globose or capitate, and ciliated. AL the longest. Eyes 2-+ 2, ocular shields

apparently absent. Dorsal setae 34, arranged 2.8.6.6.6.4.2 or 2.8,8.6.4.4.2.

Ventral setae posterior of coxae III are 8.4.4.4.4.2 approximately. Legs all

7-segmented, tarsi III with a long nude seta.

The Standard Data for these specimens are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 57-02-12 4.754150 49-8-71-2 §1+2-64°0 8-3

Pw 78-141+63 36652115 i7+2-89°0 73-6-83-2 5-0

8B 22-4 No variation recorded

ASB 25:6 No variation recorded

PSB 23-050-39 0*880+28 20-4-25-7 22-4-24-0 3:8

be) 48-650-39 0-S8-F0-+28 46-0-52."3 4§+0-49+0 1-8

A-P 28°38 No variation reenrded

AM - 86-2+0-64 1-480 -45 21-9-30-°5 25°6-38-:8 5-4

AL §6- 1-1 +33 2970-94 57-2-75-0 64+0-70-+4 4:5

PL 53 °9—0-4B 1:0740-34 50+ 7-67-1 §2-0-54-4 2°0

Sens, 32-0 with head 13/19. No variation recorded.

The following specimens from Burma, mainly in material in the British

Museum and sent to me for study and determination are also to be referred to

8. nseudoschuffnert. (Walch) : On Rattus rattus brunneusculus Wodgson, Imphal,

Bunma, 7 Nov., 1945 (T. J. Lawrence, 4 specimens); on Nesohia bengalensis

24 Sept., 1945, 1 mile S. of stream, Paungde, Burma. (T.J.L, No. 721, 5 spees.,

No, 722, 6 specs., No. 723, 3 spees.); on N. Gengalensis, 25 Sept., 1945, 1 mile

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 169

8. of stream, Paungde, Burma (T.J.U. No. 728, 14 spees., No. 729, 7 spees.),

Total of 49 specimens,

These 49 specimens have the following Standard Data:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 53°9*E0-B4 1-690-17 48-8-59~0 51:2-57-6 ae1

PW 78-40-35 2642-40-25 71+1-85°7 73°6-86:4 3-1

SB 20-80-21 4 -50*%0-16 16°3-25-3 19-2-22-4 7-2

ASB 29-0+0-19 1-31+0°13 25-1-32+9 25*6-22-0 4-5

PSB 25-30-13 0-88+0-09 22-65-27 ~-95 92-4-25°6 35

8D §4°320-21 1-470°15 49-+9-5B°7 61+3-57-6 2°7

A-P 31-40-20 1-40+0-14 27-2-35-6 88-8-35°2 4-4

AM 33-0240-34 2-24+0-24 26-3-39 -7 28-8-38+4 6-8

AL 74-520165 4-27+0-46 61+7-87°2 70+4-86+4 5-7

PL 59-40-44 2-98+0-31 50:5-68-3 54:4-64°0 5-0

Sens. 35-2 with head 13/19, No variation recorded,

Scnénesstia (ScHéneast1a) MaLpivienstIs Radford 1946,

Schéngastia maldiviensis Radford 1946, Parasitol., 37, 48, fig. 9-12.

Plate 38, fig. A-K.

This species was somewhat briefly described and figured from specimens

from a lizard (Calotes versicolor) and occasionally from Rattus norvegicus

norvegious from the Maldive Islands. I am mdebted to Dr, Radford for two

specimens, from which I give the following description.

The length ig 300n, width 2102 (engorged or partially so). Seutum as

figured, anterior margin almost straight, posterior evenly rounded, surface

punctate. Al the longest, sensillae bases slightly in front of line of PL, and

with a crescent-shaped line in front and behind; sensillae globose, ciliated.

Eyes 2-+ 2, ocular shields apparently absent, close to the postero-lateral corners

of scutum. Chelicerae strong, curved, with strong inner serrations. Galeal

setae nude. Palpi stout, claw trifurcate with median prong the longest; setae

ou femur and genu strongly branched; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral

branched. Dorsal setae ca. 34 in number and arranged ca. 2.8.6,6.6.4.2, to 32u

long. Ventral setae, the usual pair of maxillary, one on each coxa, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter 4.6.6.6.4.4.2. Legs I

330. long, IL 300, IIT 330.4; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod,

III with a long outstanding nude seta.

The Standard Data for these two specimens are: AW 51-2, 51-2, PW 67:2,

64-0, SB 16-0, 16-0, ASB 25-6, 25-6 PSB 25-6, 25-6, SD 51-2, 51-2, A-P

28-8, 28-8, AM 25-6, 28-8, AL 54:4, 54-4, PL 48-0, 48-0, Sens. —, 32-0 with

head 15/20.

170 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MuszuUM

CHELICERAE NOT SERRATED.

Subgenus ASCOSCHOENGASTIA Ewing 1544,

Neoschéngastia Ewing 1929, Manual of External Parasites, p. 187 (in part);

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67, (1), 106; Sig

Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, 8, 71b, 310.

Ascoschingastia Ewing 1946, Proce. Biol. Soe. Washington, 59, 69-72.

Dr. H. E. Ewing 1946 showed that the genus Neoschéngastia with ameri-

cana Hirst as type was synonymons with Paraschongastia Womersley 1939,

and that the non-serrate chelicerae, the sensillae bases being inserted in a trans-

verse wall or erest of the sentum, and the posterior part of the scutum being

Overlapped by the dorsal cuticle with semicircular striations, characteristic of

Payaschongastia were also features of Neoschéngastia americana.

For the other species with non-serrate chelicerae, and a simple type of

aeutum Ewing proposed (1946) the generic name of Ascoschéngastia, designat-

ing a somewhat aberrant species, Neoschingastia malayensis, as type.

As shown in the adult and nymphal section of the present work, the genera

cannot be separated in these stages, and it seems doubtful whether the serration

of the chelicerae in the larvae can be regarded as of more than of subgeneric

value. Consequently here Ascoschingastia ig given only as a subgenus of the

older genus.

This is supported by the fact that the number of cheliceral teeth varies

in the different species and in some Schéngastia species (e.g. bidentata sp. n.)

approaches the non-serrate type.

The genus Fuschingastia was erected by Ewing, 1938 (Wash. Acad. Sci., 28, (6), 293)

with Huschongastia americana ap. B., a8 type, on the basis of the palpal claw having five or

seven Drones. In 1946 Ewing (Proc, Biol, Soc. Wash., 59, 69+72) also erected the genus

Ascoschingastia, for those species with non-serrate chelicerae and with bi- or trifurcate palpal

elaw, but without the characters of the secutum of Neoschongastia 1929 (Manual External Para-

sites, p. 127). For Ascoschdngastia he designated as type, Neoschingastia malayensis Gater

1932, 2 species eharacterized by haying only 3 ecutal setae, ic. AM and AL, both PL being

situated off the seutum,

Whorton 1948 (Psyche, 55, (2), 90) in describing phylloti trom Peru, with 3 prongs to the

palpal claw placed it in Huschdngastia and proposed to expand Ewing’s usage of this generic

name to embrace such species, and to restrict Ascosvhdngastia to species with PL off the

seutum.

As there are no generic differences to be found in the nymphs or adults which will separate

malayensis from the other speeieés of Ascoschingastia, it seems that such a character ag

exhibited by malayensis larvae cau hardly be valid generically. A similar shortenimg of the

acutum so ag to exclude the PL sctae, a8 well 58 a multipronged palpal claw, also occurs in the

genus Tecomatiana Hoffman 1947 (— Sauriseys Lawrence 1949).

Further, the variation in the number of prongs in the palpal ¢law ia also of little, if any,

generic yalue and, at most, should only he used subgenerically.

These considerations then, show that Euschdnagastia Ewing is identical with Ascochdu-:

gastia, Bwing, over which it has many years’ priority, and should in all probability be used in

place of Ascoschingastia in this paper.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 171

The subgenus Ascoschéngastia Ewing may be diagnosed ag follows:

Larval Trombiculid mites in which the dorsal scutum carries 5 normal ciliated

setae, and a pair of clavate or globose seusillae whose bases are not set in a

transverse wall or crest. The posterior part of the scutum not overlapped by

the dorsal cuticle and without striations. Chelicerae non-serrate on inner

(dorsal) margin; with only the usual apical tricuspid cap.

1. Some of ALL DORSAL, AS WELL ss PL anp somEeTimes AL on AM FOLATE.

ScHONGASTIA (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) PSEUDOMYS sp. un.

Plate 39, fig. A-B.

Description of Larvae: Shape oval. Length (partially engorged) 450,,

width 300u. Dorsal seutum as figured, with PL setae long, foliate and placed

slightly nearer to AL, than to the posterior margin; anterior scutal margin

slightly sinuous, posterior with widely rounded corners; AL very short and

shorter than AM, both AM and AL not foliate; sensillae missing but bases

behind line of PL. Eyes 2-+ 2, on ocular shields, closely adjacent to seutum

on a level with PL; posterior eyes the smaller. Qhelicerae with only the apical

tricuspid cap, Galeal seta strongly branched. Palpi as figured, with trifureate

tibial claw, and all setae on femur, genu and tibia strongly ciliated, tarsi with

sub-basal and subapical nude sensory setae and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal

setae 38 in number to 85p long, all except the posterior 4 long and foliate, with

the edges with short ciliations, arranged 2.8.6,6.6.6.2.2. Ventrally with all setae

tine and ciliate, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter

8.6.6.4.4.2, to 40y long. Legs all 7-segmented, I 260 long, IT 240p, IIT 270p

tarsi I and JT with the usual dorsal sensory rod, TIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and two paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Ohserved Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Rauge Variation

AW 70*4 No variation reeorded

Pw 84+341-07 1-85+0-75 7&-7-89-9 §3-2-86-+4 2-2

SB 820187 3:2041-31 22-d4—-41-6 28-8-35-2 10:0

ASR 28-8 No variation recorded

PSB 24-50-54 0°93+0-38 21-7-27-3 24+0-25-6 3-8

sb 52*321:40 2-4321:00 48-0-59°6 49-6-54:4 4°6

A-P 16-0 No variation recorded

AM 54-4 No variation recorded

AL 25°6 No variation recorded

PL 81-11-07 1-85-++0-75 75-5-86-7 80-0-83-2 2-3

Seng. Missing.

172 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Loc. and Host, The type and two paratypes in the 8.A. Mus. coll. from a

Pseudomys sp. from Johnston’s Pass, Wongabel, Queensland, 13 Feb, 1945

(R. N. MeCulloch).

Remarks, Although the sensillae are missing from all three specimens, this

species is probably correctly placed in the subgenus Ascoschéngastia. It can

be separated as in the key, on the palpal setae and on the foliate scutal and

dorsal setae,

Sovoneastia (AscoscHénaastia) mMccuLLocHt (Wom, 1944),

Neoschéngastia mecullochi Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 68, (1),

100.

Plate 39, fig. F—K.

This species has not been seen since the unique specimen was described.

In addition to the details given in the original description the following

are to be noted.

The galeal setae are nude, The palpal claw is trifurcate, and all seta on

the palpal femur, genu and tibia are nude, There is no long nude seta on

tarsi IIT.

The Standard Data as given in 1944 are: AW 48:0, PW 67-0, SB 19:0,

ASB 19:0, PSB 16-0, SD 85-0, A-P 20-0, AM 16-0, AL 42-0, PL 64-0, Sens.

32-0, with head 17 X17 and nude, The dorsal setae are 2.6.6.6.4.2, and as

figured.

The type and unique specimen in the 8.A. Museum collection was collected

on boots at Abidari, New Guinea, 28th July, 1948 (R. N, McCulloch).

ScHoneaastia (AscoscHONGASTIA) UROMys (Wom. and Kohlg 1947).

Ascoschéngastia wromys Wom. and Kohls 1947, Tr, Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 71, (1),

10.

Plate 40, fig. A-F.

This species was described from the type and 7 paratypes from Uromys

lamington from Dobodura, New Guinea.

Tt belongs to a small group of species, including foliata Gunther,

mecullocha Wom. and pseudomys sp. n., in haying some of the scutal setae

and most of or all the dorsal setae lanceolate or narrowly foliate. The

original description of the larvae was as follows: ‘‘Shape oval. Length (un-

engorged) 300, width 2004. Seutum roughly rectangular with fairly well

WOMERSLEY —ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 173

produced posterior margin. AM short and normaily ciliated, AL and PL

lanceolate or foliate, to 16. wide with longitudinal rows of strong dentures.

Sensillae globose, apparently nude, with the bases only slightly in advance of

line of PL. Eyes 2+ 2, on distinet ocular shields; posterior the smaller.

Chelicerae with only the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi

fairly stout, with bifureate tibial claw. Setae on palpal femur, genu and

tarsi apparently all nude. Dorsal setae all foliate or lanceolate with strong

dentures, to 644 long and 164 wide, 28 in number and arranged 2.6.6.6.6.2.

Ventrally with usual pair of branched setae on gnathosoma, a single ciliated

seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter

5,6.6 anterior of anus, and of which the outer two of the second six approach

the dorsal setae in form; then posterior of anus 4.2, foliate and dentate as on

dorsum; the anterior non-foliate ventral setae to 20. long. Legs; I 270 long,

II 220y, III 270p; tarsi I and IT with the usual sensory rod, III without any

long nude seta.

The Standard Data derived from the type and seven paratypes are as

follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 50-°641-74 4-924] -23 3578-65 +4 45-0-60+4 97

PW 69-50-71 2-000+50 63-5-75-5 66*0-75+0 249

8B 19-00-50 11410735 14-8-23-2 18+0-21-+0 74

ASB 21-0 No variation recorded

PSB 18-0 No variation recorded

SD 39°0 No variation recorded

A-P 21-60-42 1-19+0-30 18 +0-25-2 21-0-24-0 55

AM 16°540-67 1-640 -47 11-6-21-4 15-0-18'0 9-9

AL 49-50-67 1-64+0-+47 44-6-54-4 48+0-51-0 3+3

PL 60+00-57 1-60+0°40 §5-2-64-8 57+ 0-63 +0 27

Sens, 28-0 with head 17/17. Only 1 determination,

Remarks: No fresh material of this species has been collected.

ScHoncastia (AscoscHonaastia) FourdTra (Gunther 1940).

Neoschingastia foliata Gunther 1940, Proc, Linn. Soc., New South Wales, 65,

(3-4), 255; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1),

112.

Plate 40, fig. Q-I.

In addition to the details given by Womersley and Heaslip 1948, it must

be stated that according to Gunther (1940) the palpal claw is trifurcate, the

setae on the palpal femur and genu are branched or ciliated, and on the

174 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

tibia the dorsal and lateral setae are nude and the ventral branched. The

chelicerae are simple, with only the apical tricuspid cap, and the galeal setae

are nude. The dorsal setae are 2.6,6,6.6,4.2, to 62y long.

The Standard Data for 5 paratypes as given by Womersley and Heaslip

and statistically treated are: —

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation. Range Range Variation

AW 53-21-52 8-42-+1-08 43-0-63..5 50-0-58-0 6-4

PW 6960-68 1-52--0-48 65+1-74-1 68-0-71-0 2-1

SE 17-10-37 0-820-26 14:7-19-5 16-5-18-0 4-8

ASB 19-32k0-44 0-970-38 16-4-22-2 18-0-20-0 5-0

PSB 17-20-34 0: 7440-24 14-9-19-5 16+5-18+0 4:4

sn 36°520°67 1-f0+0-47 52-0-41:0 35 +0-38 +0 4-1

A-P 25+0 No variation recorded

AM 20+60-98 2-19=0-69 14-0-27°2 18+0-24-0 10-6

AL 58-72-33 4°0441-65 46-6-70°3 55-0-63-0 6-9

PL 8661-69 3-78+1-19 75+2-98°0 83-0-91-0 “4

Sens. 28-0 with head 17/17, No variation recorded.

This species is as yet only known from the original material from the

ears of Macropus (Thylogale) coxeni Gray, from Bulolo, New Guinea.

TI. No Dorsau or Scurat Sarar Foire.

{A) SENSILLAE GLOBOSE.

ScHoneastta (AscOscHONGASTIA) SIGNATA 8p. nN.

Plate 41, fig, A—D.

Description of Larvae. Shape elongate oval. Length (unfed) 220y, width

140p; (engorged) to 480% and 300x. Scutum as figured, rectangular, with

anterior margin shallow behind line of PL, almost straight; sensillae globular,

apparently nude, and with their sensillae bases placed less than their own

diameter apart, and well in front of line of PL; A-P greater than 3/4 8D;

AM setae the shortest, PL the longest. Eyes 2+ 2, the posterior the shorter.

Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpal setae

all ciliated or branched, Dorsal setae fairly long and slender, 36 in number

arranged ca, 2.10.8.6.6.4 to 54 long. Ventrally with the usual pair of branched

setae on maxillae, a long ciliated seta on each coxa, 4 pair between

eoxae I and between coxae ITI, thereafter about 26 setae. Legs T 288u, TI 224u,

III 272, tarsi J and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod, tarsi III without any

long nude setae.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 175

The Standard Data for the type and 11 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 41-90-27 0920-19 39+1-44-7 41-6§-44-8 2-0

PW 64-0 No yariation reeorded

8B 12-50-18 0‘62+0-138 10-6-14-4 11-2-12-8 510

ASB 22-4 No yariation recorded

PSB 11-60-29 0:99+0°20 §-6-14-6 9-§-12-8 8-6

SD 34-00-29. 0-99+0-20 31-0-37-0 32+0-35-2 2°9

A-P 31-50-23 0-79-0416 29-2-33-8 30-4-32-0 2-5

AM 29-40-58 1:93+0-41 23 +6=35°2 25*6-82-0 65

AL 63-40-84 2°80+0-59 §5-0-71-8 57 -G-67 -2 276

PL 70-90-88 2:770+62 © 62-6-79-2 67-2-73°6 3-9

Sens. 35°2 with head 19-6/22-4. No variation reeorded.

Loc, and Hosts. The type and eleyen paratypes collected on boots by Maj.

R. N, McCulloch, June, July and October, 1945, at Brunei and Labuan, North

Borneo.

Remarks, In the small group of species with closely approximate sensillae

bases this species is, in the shape of the scutum, most closely allied to mutabilis

Gater. From this it differs in having PL setae the longest, in the number of

DS and in having all coxae unisetose, It also has the sensillae nude, and all

palpal setae ciliated.

ScHéneastia (AscoscHONGAsTIA) ? GLOBULAR (Walch, 1927).

Trombidium (Trombicula?) globulare Walch, 1927. Geneesk. Tijdschr. vy. Ned.

Indie. 67, (6), 929, fig. 7.8.9;

Neoschiéngastia globulare, Womersiey and Heaslip, 1943. Trans. Roy. Soc,

8. Aust., 67, (1), 114.

Plates 41, fig. E-F; 42, fig, A-B.

This species does not appear to have been met with since Waleh first

recorded it from rats from the Macassars. According to Walch, the scutum is

somewhat rectangular, with the anterior margin sinuous, and the posterior

margin fairly deep and rownded behind line of PL. The sensillae bases are set

close together, behind lime of the PIL, and the globular sensillae are finely

ciliated. PL setae are the longest. The eyes are 2-+ 2, with the posterior the

smaller, The chelicerae are not serrate, The galeal setae and all the palpal

setae are ciliated. Coxae I and II have one seta, III is stated to have 2 setae,

but in his figure 8 are shown as having 3 setae. The dorsal setae are 2(0).

8(10). 6,6.6.4.2, to 334 and the ventral setae posterior of coxae III ca. 32 in

number. There is no long nude seta on tarsi IL.

176 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

Amongst specimens of kohlsi and lanius from RB. rattus brunneusculus

17 Dec. 1945 from Imphal was one specimen which on the dimensions and

shape of the scutum, the position of the sensillae bases, and the dorsal setae

as well as the ciliated galeal setae, bifureate palpai claw, and all palpal setae

being ciliated, ig doubtfully referred to Walch’s species. Unfortunately the

sensillae and scutal setae are missing, and it has 4 setae on each coxa II. This

latter feature in other species is known to occasionally vary, but the setae not

shown in Walch’s figure is that situated at the anterior outer corner of the

coxa and generally is somewhat difficult to make out, being confused with the

edges of the coxa. It may be that Walch did not see it.

This specimen is the one figured herein, except that in fig. C the sensillae

and seutal setae are inserted from Walch’s data.

Walch gives the scutum as 43 long and 64, wide, and the sensillae as 25p

long with the head 19 by 15p. The specimen deseribed here has the following

Standard Data AW 47-6, PW 73-6, SB 11:2, ASB 22-4, PSB 12-8, SD 35-2,

A-P 22:4. .

8. (A.) globulare in the shape of the scutum is closely related to both

lanius Radford and kohlsi Philip and Woodward, but differs from both in

having PL the longest of the seutal setae. Jt differs from lanius in the palpal

elaw being bifid and in the ciliated galeal setae, From kohlsi it differs in the

multisetose coxae ITI and the number of dorsal setae,

Scuoneastia (AscoscHéncastiA) KoHust (Philip and Woodward 1946).

Neoschingastia kohlsi Philip and Woodward 1946, Amer. J, Tropical Medicine,

16, (2), 159-161, pl. i, fig. B, D.

Plate 42, fig. C-F.

This. species was described from Rattus mindanensis mindanensis and

R. vigoratus, San Jose, Mindoro, Philippines, 1945. It also occurs commonly

in Burma, and I have been able to study, through the kindness of Lt.-Col. Andy,

a number of specimens from Rattus rattus brunneusculus from the neighbour-

hood of Imphal and collected by Set. T. J. Lawrence and other members of the

British Serub-Typhus Research Unit, 1945.

Redescription of Larvae. Shape an elongate oval. Length (engorged) to

510u, width 405». Dorsal sentum as figured, anterior margin sinuous, posterior

rather flattened medially, curved laterally and fairly deep behind line of PL;

sensillae bases less than their own diameter apart and placed distinctly behind

line of PL, A-P ca. 2/3 seutal depth, AM seta the shortest, AL the longest.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Paciric ScRUB TypHUs MITES 177

Sensillae globose with fine indistinct ciliations. Eyes 2-+ 2, the posterior

the smaller. Chelicerae not serrate, only furnished with the usual apical tri-

cuspid cap. Galeal setae ciliated. Palpi stout, with bifureate tibial claw, -All

setae on palpi ciliated, although sometimes the dorsal and lateral setae of

tibia appear nude, palpal tarsi with the usual basal and subapical sensory

rods, and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae very numerous, ca, 86 in number

(P. and W. give 52 to 68), and arranged ca. 2.12.14.12.14.10,10.6.4.2, to 40-

454 long, thick with prominent setules. Ventrally, all coxae 1-setose, the

usual pair of branched maxillary palpal setae, a pair of ciliated setae between

coxae I and between coxae LI, and thereafter ca. 60 setae to 254 long. Legs:

T 2304 long, II 210p, III 2304; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod,

III without any Jong outstanding nude seta.

Tha Standard Data, for eleven paratypes statistically treated from the data

given by Philip and Woodward are:

Standard Theoretical Observed _Coefi, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 52°320-65 2-1540-46 45-9-58-+7 48-0-56-0 4-1

PW 6360-58 1-9140-41 57 -9-69+3 60-0-66+0 3-0

SB 9°6220°28 0-92+0-20 6-8—-12+4 8-0-11-0 9-6

ASB 24+3--0+38 1-2740-27 20+5-28+1 22-0-27-0 5-2

PSB 8*55+0-28 0-93+0-20 §+75-11-35 7+0-10-0 10-9

8D 32-8+0+38 1+25-40-27 29-05-36 °55 32*0-35-0 3°8

A-P 19°70+33 1:1140-24 16+4-23-0 18-+0-21-0 5:6

AM £22-55-0-92 3:°040+65 13+4-31-7 20-0-28-0 13°56

AL 45-5520-46 1°5420-33 40+9-50°2 42+0-48+0 a4

PL 34-320°75 2-49+0-53 26-8-41'8 320-40°0 7-3

Sens. 24-61-17 3-69+0-82 13-5-35 °7 20+0-30+0 15-0

That the Burma material does not differ significantly in the Standard Data

is seen from the following data derived from 9 specimens measured :

Standard Theoretical Observed Coafft. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 49-95--0+74 2+23+0-53 43-25-56 +65 48.0-54-4 4:5

PW 66-65-0-38 19130-2327 63+25-70-05 64+0-67 +2 1:7

8B 9-6 No-variation recorded

ASB 25°6 No-variation recorded

PSB 12-8 No variation recorded

8D 38-4. No variation recorded

A-P 22-4 No variation recorded

AM 24-5220-66 1-§520+48 19+ 5-295 294-2546 67

AL 59-721.55 3-8821-12 48-1-71-5 54-4-64+0 6-5

PL 38-30-89 2-3540-63 29-3-45°3 32-0-38-4 65

Sens. 28-8 with head 19/19. Only 1 determination,

178 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

Remarks. This species is one of a small group distinguished by the sen-

sillae bases being less than their own diameter apart. It can be separated from

the others of the group as in the key.

In the general form of the scutum, it has the sensillae bases behind line of

PL; and in having AL the longest of the scutal setae this species is closely

related to lanius Radford 1946. From this species, however, it is distinct in

the much more numerous dorsal setae, in the palpal claw being only bifid, and

in having all palpal setae as well as the galeal setae ciliated or branched.

Scuéneastis (AscoscHONGASTIA) COMATA gp. 1.

Plate 43, fig. A-E.

Description of Larvae: Shape oval. Length (un-engorged) 3644, width

2604. Scutum as figured with anterior margin lightly sinvous, posterior mar-

gin deeply rounded but rather flattened medially, A—P rather short with PL

nearer to AL than to posterior margin, SB very close together and posterior of

line of PL, sensillae globose and finely setulose. Eyes 2-+ 2, on ocular shields,

posterior the smaller and indistinct. Chelicerae simple with only the apical

tricuspid cap. Galeal setae strongly branched. Palpi stout, tibial claw bifur-

cate, setae on palpal femur and genu shortly and strongly ciliated; setae on

tibia nude except ventral which has 2 or 3 branches, tarsi with subapical and

sub-basal rods and 4 or 5 ciliated setae, Dorsal setae numerous, more than

110, and arranged ca. 2.16.10.12.14.12.14.14.8.6.4, thick and with strong setules,

to 28x long. Ventrally with a pair of ciliated setae on maxillae, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 60 setae finer but almost as

long as the dorsal. Legs 7-segmented, I 220» long, II 182» long, III 220y;

tarsi I and If with usual dorsal sensory rods, tarsi III without any long nude

seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 1 paratype are: AW 59:0, PW 70:0,

SB 10:0, ASB 28:0, PSB 12-0, SD 40-0, A-P 20-0, AM 24-0, AL 42-0,

PL 31:0, Sens. 30-0 with head 18/18.

Loc. and Host, The type and two paratypes (damaged) from Clarke Field,

Philippine Islands. 1945, (G@, M. Kohls).

Remarks. Yn the shape of the scutum with AL setae the longest, and all

coxae unisetose, this species is closely related to 8. (A.) kohlsi Philip and Wood-:

ward. It differs from that species, however, in having much more numerous and

shorter dorsal setae. This species also ocents in Kashmir, India, and I have

recently been able to study four specimens in all, collected from rats from

Kanzalwau, Kashmir, October, 1946, by Major §. L. Kalra.

WOMERSLEY—ASIaATic-PaciFic ScruB TYPHUS MITES 179

Scuéneastia (AscoscHéNaasTIA) LANTUS (Radford 1946).

Neoschéngastia lanius Radford 1946. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 116, (2), 262,

fig. 23-24,

Plates 48, fig. F-H; 44, fig, A.

This species was originally described, but very briefly, from specimens from

the Black-headed shrike (Lanius nasutus Seopoli) from Imphal, Burma, Feb.

11th, 1945. It has also been taken in fairly large numbers by Set. T. J. Law-

rence and other members of the British Scrub-typhus Research Unit in Burma,

1945 and onwards. To Lt.-Col, J. A. Audy, I am indebted for the opportunity

of studying this material, which was mainly from Rattus ratius bruaneusculus

from an area about 10 to 20 miles north of Imphal. The following redeserip-

tion and figures are from this material,

fe-description of Larvae. Shape elongate oval. Length (engorged) to

510p, width to 8202. Seutum as figured with PL placed about midway of

scutal depth, and sensillae well behind line of PL. AM the shortest, AL the

longest. Sensillae globose and finely ciliated, bases Jess than their diameters

apart, with strong crescents anteriorly. Eyes 2-+ 2, the posterior the smaller,

anterior with strongly reflecting cornea. Chelicerae non-serrate, with only the

apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. All palpal setae ciliated. Palpal claw

trifid. Dorsal setae 38 in number, arranged 10.6.6,8.4.2.2, to 384 long. “Vent-

rally, with the usual pair of branched setae on maxillae, one seta on

each of coxae I and II, two setae on coxae III (but variable from 2-4), a paiz

of setae between coxae I and between coxae III, thereafter ca. 28, arranged

6.6.6.2.4.2.2, Legs I 292, long, II 258, IIT 278; tarsi I and II with the

usual dorsal rod, III without any long nude seta. The Standard Data from

eleven specimens from Imphal are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed OGoeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 57-10-77 2°662r0+ 54 49.1-65-1 §1:+2-60-8 4-7

PW 70-9%6+77 2-670+ 54 62-9-78-9 67+2-73°6 3:7

8B 9-20-21 0-72+0-15 701-4 8-0-9'6 7-9

ASB 25-6 No variation recorded

PSB 12°83 No yariation recorded

an 38-4 Nu variation recorded

A-P 17-8+0-42 1-44+0-29 18+5-82-1 16-Q-19"2 8-0

AM 3BB+320-52 1+73-£0-37 27-+1-87-5 28+ B-35+2 -3

ATs 56°150-66 2+20+0-47 49° 55-62-74 64-4—-60-°8 3-9

PL 45°6260-42 145+0-29 41 +3-49-9 44-8-43-0 3-2

Sens. 28-8 with head 16/19. No variation recorded.

180 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Remarks. This member of the small group of species with closely approxi-

mated sensillae bases is closely related to kohlsi Philip and Woodward, but

differs in the trifurcate palpal claw, the unde galeal setae, the nude lateral

and dorsal setae on the palpal tibia, and in the smaller number of dorsal

setae. ‘Also A—P is not greater than 1/2 SD. In this it approaches globulare

Walch, but ditfers in the trifurcate palpal claw, in coxae 11] being bisetose, not

trisetose, and in AL not PL being the longest. It can be distinguished as in

the key.

ScutnaasTia (AscoscH6NGAsTIA) MUTABILIs (Gater 1932),

Neoschéngastia mutabilis Gater 1932 Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Teaslip

1943. Tr. Roy. Soe. §. Aust. 67, (1), 111, pl. VII, Fig. 5.

Plate 44, fig. B-E.

This species was described by Gater, but without any figure, from a cluster

of mites in the ears of Rattus sabanus vociferans (Miller) from Sungei Buloh,

Selangor, F.M.8. It does not appear to have been met with since, and the

followmg redescription and figures are from a paratype specimen from Gater

from Tupaia glis ferruginia in the collections of the Sonth Australian Museum.

Re-description of Larva. Shape an elongate oval. Length (engorged)

430,, width 285y. Scutum trapezoidal, with sensillae bases (sensillae missing)

in front of line of PL and A-P greater than 3/4 seutal depth; AL setae the

longest. Eyes 2-+ 2, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae non-serrate, with only

the small apical trieuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpal claw trifureate.

Setae on palpal femur and genu with a few short ciliations; on tibia, dorsal and

lateral nude or with indistinct ciliations, ventral ciliated. Dorsal setae 40,

arranged ca. 2.8.6.6.8.2.4.2.2, to 382 long, shortly ciliated. Ventrally with the

usual pair of branched setae on masxillae, a pair of ciliated setae between

coxae I and between coxae ITI, one such on coxae I and II, and three (vyari-

able) on coxae III, behind coxae JII with ca. 32 setae. Legs I 240y, II 185p,

Til 2202; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod, III without any

long nude seta,

Standard Data: AW 48-0, PW 62-0, SB 9-0, ASB 26-0, PSB 13:0,

SD 39-0, A-P 26-0, AM 29-0, AL 53-0, PL 40:0, Sens. ¢.

Remarks, In the shape of the scutum, with A-P greater than 1/2 scutal

depth, and sensillae bases in front of line of PL, mutabilis is closely related to

signata sp. n, It differs from the latter species, however, in having AL and

not PL the longest, the sensillae being distinetly ciliated, in the number of

dorsal setae, and in having coxae III trisetose. It is readily separated as in

the key.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SGRUB TYPHUS MITES 181

The record of Lawrence (in Audy 1947) for this species is incorrect. His

material is a mixture of 8. (A.) lanius (Radford 1946) and S. (A.) kohlsi

(Philip and Woodward 1946).

Scutneastia( AscogscHONGASTIA) EDWARDSsE (Gunther 1939),

Neoschéngastia riot Gunther 1988 (nom. wud.) Med, J. Aust., 2, (6), 202.

Neoschéngastia edwardsi Gunther 1939, Proc. Linn, Soc,, New South Wales, 64,

(1-2), 86; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67, (1),

112.

Plate 44, fig. F—H.

According to Gunther’s original description the palpal claw is bifureate,

the setae on the palpal femur and genu ciliated and on the tibia dorsally and

laterally nude, ventrally branched; the galeal setae are nude; the chelicerae

simple with only the apical tricuspid cap; and tarsi III is furnished with a

jong nude seta.

I have now been able to examine the paratype specimen of this species in

the Australian Museum, Sydney; it is unfortunately poorly mounted and the

details of the palpi and mouthparts cannot be clearly seen. The Standard Data,

however, are measurable, and are as follows: AW 76-0, PW 96-0, SB 38-0,

ASB 32-0, PSB 29-0, SD 61:0, A-P 29-0, AM 48-0, AL 80-0, Pl 72-0, Sens.

28-0 with head 18/29 and finely setulose. These values are somewhat higher

than those reported by Womersley and Ieaslip (1943) for Guuther’s type.

The dorsal setae are 2.14,14.10.12.8.4 approx.

In the bifurcate palpal claw this species is close to philippensis Philip and,

Woodward 1946 but differs from it in the presence of a long nude seta on

tarsi ITT, in the shape and dimensions of the dorsal seutum, in AL being longer

than Pl, and in having many more dorsal setae,

It is still only known from the original material, from the bush fowl,

Megapodius duperreyi from New Guinea,

Scuéneastia (Ascoscntncastia) Prmippensts (Philip and Woodward 1946).

Neoschéngastia philippensis Philip and Woodward 1946, Amey, J. Tropical

Medicine, 26, (2), 158.

Plate 45, fig. A-C.

This rather characteristic species was described by Philip and Woodward

from specimens from Rattus mindanensis mindanensis and R. vigoratus from

Mindoro, Philippines.

182 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

I am much indebted to Lt.-Col. Philip for a number of paratypes (19) and

I have also 3 other specimens from the same locality, Feb., 1945 (C. Mohr.),

In addition, in the South Aust. Museum collection, is a slide of 4 specimens

from New Castle Waters, Queensland, dated 17 May, 1942, from the ears of a

wallaby (R. V. Southcott) which can be referred to this species. In addition

to the details given in the original description the following may be noted: the

palpal claw is bifurcate; the setae on the palpal femur and genn branched,

on the tibia dorsally and laterally nude and ventrally branched; chelicerae with

only the apical tricuspid cap and galeal setae nude; there is no long nude

seta.on tarsi ITT.

The shape of the scutum is rather characteristic, and the Standard Data

for 22 specimens from the original material are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 54-60-39 1:+82+0°27 49-2-60-+0 50-0-57-0 3-3

PW 79-20-46 2-19+0-33 72-7-85*7 75:0-82:0 2-7

SB 23-00-38 1:81+0+27 17 -6-28+4 21-0-25-0 79

ASB 21-0 No variation recorded

PSB 13°32+0+26 1°23+0+18 87-15-09 11:0+-14°0 9-9

sD 83 -32F0-26 1-28+0°18 29+7-36-9 32-0-35-0 3-7

A-P 35-0 No variation recorded

AM 24520-7235 1:190-18 20-2-28-7 21+0-27-0 4-9

AL 44-70-46 2416+0+32 88-2-51-3 43 -0-47:0 4-8

Pl 53-10-47 2-20+0+33 46°5-59+4 50-0-57 +0 4-1

Sena. 29°0 with head 18/18.

ScHoncastiA (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) MACKERRASAD sp...

Plate 45, fig. D-I.

Description of Larvae, Shape an elongate oval. Length (unengorged)

865, width 2204. Seutum as figured with well rounded postero-lateral corners,

and PL placed very near to AL; sensillae globose and finely setulose with their

bases behind line of PL; AL setae the shortest, PL the longest, and all seutal

setae strongly dentate but denticles rather shorter and more numerous than on

dorsal setae. Eyes 2+ 2, closely adjacent to scutum, posterior the smaller.

Palpi stont, femur strongly angulate, with seta long and strongly ciliated;

seta. on genu much finer with fewer branches; all setae on palpal tibia nude;

tibial claw bifureate; tarsus with 5-6 long ciliated setae. Chelicerae non-

serrate, with only the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal

setae numerous, ca. 100 to 70-56p, strong with 5-6 strong denticles, arranged

ca. 8.16.18, plus. Venitrally with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, a long

fine ciliated seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I, and 6 between coxae III,

the outer ones of which lie close in the angle formed by the peculiar shaped

WoMERSLEY-—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 183

coxae III with coxae Il, thereafter ca, 80-100 setae to 42 long. Legs all

7-segmented; I 350, long, II 312u, IIL 390.2; tarsi I and IL with dorsal sen-

sory rod; III without any long nude setae,

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 58-8, PW 75:6, SB 33-6,

ASB 25:2, PSB 16-8, SD 42-0, A-P 14:0, AM 53-2, AT) 80-8, Plu 78-4, Sens.

36+4 with head 19-6/25-2.

Loo. and Host. A single specimen found free living, Bramston’s Beach,

N, Queensland, Sept., 1949 (M. J. and I, M. Mackerras).

Remarks. This species is striking in the dentate dorsal setae, and shows

some relationship to certain members of the foltata group. It is named in

honour of Mrs. M. J. Mackerras, one of the discoverers.

Scuéneastr (AscoscHineastiA) Masta (Traub and Sundermeyer 1950).

Ascoschéngastia masta Traub and Sundermeyer 1950, Proc. Helminth. Soc.

Washington, 17, (1), 35-38, fie. 1-4,

Plate 68, fig. A—D.

Descryption of Larvae (after Traub and Sundermeyer). Shape oval, often

with two faint constrictions on abdomen, Length 287, width 220n. Scutum

small, wider than long; anterior margin concave but medially sinuate, posterior

corners well rounded; PL situated off the seutum, AL the shortest; sensillae

globose with sparse strong setules, the bases in midline of seutum; surface fine

punctate. Eyes 2-+ 2, on ocular shields, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae with

only the apical trieuspid cap. Galeal setae short and nude. Palpi stout, tibial

elaw trifurecate; seta on femur strongly branched, on genu long and nude, on

tibia dorsal and ventral branched but lateral not specified or figured. Dorsal

setae short, to 25y long and ciliated, 46 in number, and arranged 2.10.8.10.8.6.2.

Ventrally with paired branched setae on maxillae (‘‘galeal’’ of T. and §.), a

pair between coxae I and between coxae III, one on each of coxae I and II, two

on coxae III, and thereafter about 36 setae somewhat thinner and shorter than

dorsal. Legs: I 220u, TY 170u, III 1904; tarsi I and IL with dorsal sensory

rod (spur), III without auy long nude seta,

The Standard Data as given for the type and 3 paratypes are: AW 38-42

(aver, 40), PW 66-74(70), SB 19-24(21), ASB 14-19(17), PSB 13-16(14),

SD 27-35(31), A-P 32, AM 28, AL 14, Pl 24, Sens. 30-32(31).

Loc. and Host. Described trom specimens from Rattus ratius, from Myit-

kyina, North Burma, 29 Nov., 1944, with additional specimens from Tupata

belangeri (a tree shrew), 24 Dec., 1944, and a shrew Crocidura sp,, 2 Feb.,

1945, all collected by members of the U.8, Typhus Commission,

184 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Remarks, The authors place this species in the genus Ascoschéngastia

Ewing in the restricted sense as used by Wharton 1948 and as typified by the

genotype malayensis Gater. The position and validity of the generic name

Ascoschéngastia is discussed earlier in this paper.

The position of PL off the dorsal scutum is similar to that of malayensis,

from which the present species differs in the number of DS, the trifurcate palpal

claw, and the bisetose coxae III, as well as the globose instead of lanceolate

sensillae.

ScHéneaastia (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) PETROGALE (Wom, 1934).

Neaschéngastia petrogale Womersiey 1934, Ree. 5. Aust, Mus. 5, (2), 215;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Aust. 67, (1), 111.

Plate 45, fig. J—M,

No further specimens of this rather striking species, which was described

from the scrotum of a wallaby collected by Dr. C. J. Hackett in the Musgrave

Ranges, South Australia, in July, 1933, have been received,

The palpal claw is trifureate; the setae on the palpal femur and genu are

branched and on the tibia the dorsal] and lateral nude, ventral branched. The

chelicerae are simple, with only the apical tricuspid cap; and the galeal setae

are nude. The globose sensillae are finely but distinctly setulose,

The Standard Data (re-measured) for eleven specimens of the type series

are: i

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Runge Range Variation

AW 73°520-67 1+6440°47 68-68-78 +4 72-0-73:0 2-2

Pw 98-81-22 2:99+0-86 89-5-107-6 97:0-104-0 3-0

SR 34-70*84 8-07+0-59 28+5-40-9 32+0-36 +0 60

ASB BP No variation recorded

PSB 3040 No variation recorded

8D 20 No yariation recorded

A-P 36-0 No variation recorded

AM 41-00-63 1-5620-45 36°3-45+7 40°0-43 0 3°8

AL 49-71-05 2*5841-05 42-0-57 4 47-0-54-0 5:2

PL 55-0+0'63 1-56+0-45 60-3-59 +7 f4+0-57+0 2-8

Sens. 32-0 with head 17/17.

Scuoéneastia (AscOsCHONGASTIA) MOHRI sp. n.

Plate 46, fiz. A-C.

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length (engorged) to 450,,

width to 360p. Scutum rectangular, with Pl setae placed on the sides, rela-

tively near to AL and not at the broadly rounded postero-lateral angles; scutum

widest behind line of PL; posterior scutal margin lightly sinuous; sensillae

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAGCIFIC ScrUB TyPHUS MITES 185

bases behind line of PL and about in mid-line of scutum, Byes 2+ 2, appar-

ently not on ocular shields, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae simple, with only

the apical tmeuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifureate;

all setae on femur, genu and tibia branched. Dorsal setae ca. 44 in number,

to 654 long and arranged 2.10,10.10.6,4,2. Dorsal cuticular striations markedly

erenulate (in good fresh mounts) as in following species. Ventrally with a

pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I

and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 60 setae to 362 long. Legs I 330,

long, IT 300y, ITI 3202; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod;

tarsi III withont any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 5 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Cooff. of

Mesn Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 74-21-19 2-930-R5 5514-830 69-0-77+0 3-9

PS 87°041+17 2+89260-83 78°B-95+7 83-0-91+0 33

8B 28-30-49. 1-21+0-35 247-319 27+0-30+0 42

ASB 29-20-54 1°33+0°38 25-2-33+2 27-0-30-0 4-5

PSB 30-0 No variation recorded

8D. 59-2240 -54 1-33820-38 55:2-63-2. 57-0-60-0 2-2

A-P 21-80-48 117H0+84 18+ 0+25-3 21-0-24+0 5:4

AM 56-40-40 0+B9+0-28 53-7-59-1 56-0-58-0 1-6

AL 4601-11 2-49+0°79 38°5-53-5 42-0-48°0 Br

PL 78-00-95 2-120+67 71-7-84-3 T5- 0-80" 0 2-7

Sens, 86-0 with head 16/18, Only 1 determination.

Loc. and Hosts. The type and 5 paratypes from Echymipera doreyana

from Sansapor, Dutch New Guinea, 16 Nov., 1944 (C. Mohr,); another speci-

men from same locality on Ratius concolor 19 Nov., 1944 (C.M.),

Remarks: In the general form of the scutum with short A-P and the

erenulate dorsal striations this species is closely related to the following,

8. (A.) crimita sp. n. firom which it differs as in the key. In the type, the sen-

sillae which have become detached show an involucrum-like structure at the

base of the stem,

It is a pleasure to name this species after the finder, Dr. ©. Mohr, from

whom much interesting material was received.

Scuéncastra (AScOSCHONGASTIA) CRINITA sp. Nn.

Plate 46, fig. D-G.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (unfed) 285p, width 185,,

Dorsal secutum as figured, very much as in mohri, but with Pl much closer to

AL, and with the expansion behind PL greater; finely punctate. Sensillae

missing in all specimens; the bases well behind line of PL. Chelicerae non-

186 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

serrate, with the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Eyes 2-4-2,

on ocular shields; posterior the smaller. Palpi stout, with trifurcate tibial

claw; all setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia ciliated or branched. Dorsal

setae more than 100, arranged ca, 2.14.12.16.12.12.12.10.8.6.4, rather stouter

and not so tapering as in mohri, with shorter ciliations, to 60» long. Dorsal

cuticle with crenulate striations. Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on

gnathosoma, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae T and between coxae LJ,

and thereafter va. 100 to 20h long. Legs I 3800p long, Il 270, IT] 3800p, tarsi I

and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod, ITI without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 2 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Obseryed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 83-72-03 3+5141-+43 7a» 2-94 ~2 80-0-87-0 4-2

PW 92+322°33 4°04-1-65 80+2-104-4 90-0-97°0 4-3

8B 30°70-67 1-1540-47 27-2-34-2 30 +0-32-0 3:7

ASB 33-82b1°33 2-3140+94 26+4-40'2 32'0-36-0 70

PSB 30+0 No variation recorded

8D 63°341-33 2-310-94 56+4-70+2 62-0-66-0 3°65

A-P 17-01-00 1:7320-71 11-8-22-2 150-180 10°2

AM 54-0 One determination. only.

AL 45771-3383 2-314+0-94 38-8-52-°6 43 -0-47-0 5:0

PL 90-0 No variation recorded

Sens. Missing in all specimens,

Loc. Described from 3 specimens from Echymipera doreyana from Sansa-

por, Duteh New Guinea, 1945 (W. D. Fitzwater).

Remarks. Very close to the preceding species in the crenulate dorsal

striations and the dorsal seutum. Differs in the much greater nimber of DS

and the shorter distanee between AL and PL, as well as in the scutal width

behind PL being somewhat greater.

ScH6NGAsTIA (ASCOSCHGNGASTIA) RECTANGULARE sp. n.

Plate 46, fig. H-L,

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (only slightly engorged)

3754 width 240,. Dorsal scutum as figured with PW only slightly greater

than AW, i.e. almost rectangular with lateral margins paralle] or almost so;

sensillae bases wide apart and about midway between line of AL, and line of

PL, and also nearer to lateral margins than to one another; ALi much longer

than AM or PL and placed well back from antero-lateral corners; sensillae

with large globose heads with distinct setules; surface of seutum punctate and

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScRUB TyPHUS MITES 1&7

the posterior half overlapped by the dorsal cuticular striations. Eyes 2+ 2,

large, on distinct ocular shields and the posterior eye the smaller, Chelicerae

not serrate, only furnished with the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae

nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifureate; setae on femur and genu branched,

on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral branched. Dorsal setae 36, to 60,

long and arranged 2.8.6.8.6.4.2, slender and finely eiliated. Ventrally on maxil-

lae with a pair of branched setae, a single seta on each coxa, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter 6.6.4.4.2, to 45 long. Legs

I 390» long, IT 360», and III 390,; tarsi I and IL with usual dorsal sensory

rod; tarsi III with a long nude seta.

The Standard Data from the type and 4 paratypes are:

Standard Thearctical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 76-2+0°56 1-25+0-39 72 °4-B0-0 75°6-78-4 1:6

PW 81-8+1-05 2-340: 74 74.-8-88-8 78-4-84-0 248

SB 47-00-56 1°250-39 43-2-50-8 44-8-47-6 2-7

ASB 28°0 No variation recorded

PSB 31-90-28 O-62+0+20 30-0-33-8 308-32 -2 2-0

8D 59°9+0-28 0-62-4020 58+ 0-61-8 588-6092 1-0

A-P 30°8 No variation recorded

AM §4-02-2+00 4-001 +41 42-0-66-0 48-0-56-0 7-4

AL 82-9+1+42 3-18+1-00 73-4-92+4 78-4-86'8 3-8

PL 58-21-05 2-34+0+74 51+2-65+2 56-0-61-6 4:0

Sens. 89-2 with head 22-4/22-4, No variation récorded.

Loc. The type and 4 paratypes from Lake Hacham, N, Queensland, Dec.,

1944 (R. N. McCulloch),

ScHONGASTIA (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) CASSIOPE Sp. nl.

Plates 47, fig, E-F; 48, fig. A-B.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (unfed) 240p, width 170..

Dorsal scutum as figured, with hoth anterior and posterior margins sinuous, AM

short, PL the longest; sensillae globose and finely setulose, with bases very

slightly in front of Ime of PL. Eyes 2-+ 2, fairly large, on distinct ocular

shields, posterior eye the smaller, Chelicerac non-serrate, with only the apical

tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout, seta on femur with 4-5 branches,

on genu with 3-4 branches, all on tibia nude; palpal claw trifurcate. Dorsal

setae long, thick and strongly ciliated, 32 im number, and arranged

2.6.6.6.6.4.2, to 56% long. Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on max-

illae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae JIT, and

1&8 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

thereafter ca. 22, shorter and finer than dorsal setae. Legs all 7-segmented,

I 2404 long, IT 2104, IIT 280,; tarsi I and II with usual dorsal sensory rod,

TIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and two paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation, Range Range Variation

AW 60-70-93 1-62=50-66 Af-9-65°5 58-8-61°6 2-6

PW 72-81-62 2+80+1-14 6§4-4-81°2 70-0-75-6 3°8

8B 19-6 No variation recorded

ASB 25-2 No variation recorded

PSB 16°8 No variation recorded

5D 42°0 No yatiation recorded

A-P 23-30-93 1-620-66 18-5-28+1 22+4-25-2 6-5

AM 40-0 ca. No variation recorded

AT. 71-93-61 6-3542:59 57-9-85°9 64-4-75°6 8-8

PL 79:34:66 8-08%3+30 55+1-103 -5 70-0-84-0 10-2

Sens. 30-8 with head 19-6/19-6, No variation recorded.

Loc. The type on boots, Wandecla, N. Queensland, 2 Oct., 1944 (R, N. Me-

Culloch) and two paratypes, Wongabel, N.Q., Dec., 1944 (R. N. McC.)

Remarks, The relationship of this species is best seen from the key.

Sonineastia (AscoscHéncastia) antipoplanum (Hirst 1929).

Schingastia antipodianum Hirst 1929, Proe. Zool. Soc, London, (1), 175,

Neoschéngastia antipodianum, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc.

S. Aust., 67, (1), 114.

Plate 47, fig. A—D.

No fresh material of this species has been seen since the original discovery-

It was found in the ears of Rattus greyi from D’Estree Bay, Kangaroo Island,

South Australia and the co-type material is in the collection of the South Aus-

tralian Musenm.

The palpal tibial claw is trifureate and all the setae on the palpal femur,

genu and tibia are branched or ciliated. The chelicerae are non-serrate with

only the apical tricuspid cap. The galeal setae are nude,

The dorsal scutum is almost rectangular, with AW only slightly shorter

than PW, and the lateral margins subparallel; AL are slightly longer than PL

and placed in the antero-lateral corners; sensillae globose, indistinctly setulose

and their bases somewhat nearer line of Pl than line of AL. Eyes large, on

distinet ocular shields, the posterior eyes the smaller,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 189

The Standard Data as redetermined from 7 specimens of the co-type

material are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 60°80-31 0-8120-22 58-4-63-2 59-8-61-6 1:3

PW 69 -62£0-95 2°52-£0'67 62-1-77-1 67-2-72-8 3:6

SB 25-2 No variation recorded

ASB 28-80-52 1-370-36 24-7-32°9 28-0-30-8 4:7

PSB 19°6 No variation recorded

sD 48-40-52 1-3740°36 44°3-52°5 47.6-50+4 2-8

A-P 39+2+0-61 1-6320'43 34*4-44+0 36-4-42-0 2-7

AM 38-20-60 1-34+0:42 34+2-42-0 26-4-39 <2 3'5

AL 67-81-05 2+342+0-74 60-8-74-8 64-4-70-0 3-4

PL §9-9+1-42 3-19+1-01 50+3+69°5 56+0-64-4 5:3

Sens, 28-0 with head 22:4/22'4. No yariation recorded,

Scnéneastia (AscoscHGNGASTIA) DUMOSA sp. 2.

Plate 48, fig, C—F,

Description. of Larva. Shape oval. Length (unfed) 3800p, width 210p.

Dorsal scutum as figured, with anterior margin convex, and posterior margin

somewhat angular; sensillae bases in front of line of PL and surrounded by

strongly defined crests; PL the longest, AL the shortest; sensillae globose and

strongly setulose. Eyes fairly large, 2+ 2, on ocular shields, and the posterior

only a little smaller than anterior. Chelicerae simple, with only the apical

tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifurcate; setae on

palpal femur and genu strongly branched; on tibia, dorsal and lateral nude,

ventral branched. Dorsal setae strong and strongly ciliated or serrate, ca. 52

in number and arranged 2.10.10.10.8.6.4.2 to 302 long. Ventrally a pair of

branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between ecoxae I and

between coxae III and thereafter ca. 3 rows of 10, plus 8.6.4, to 20u long and

posteriorly gradually approaching dorsal setae in form. The striations of the

dorsal cuticle very finely crenulate. Legs I and II with dorsal sensory rod,

III without any long nude seta,

The Standard Data are: AW 58-8, PW 75-6, SB 22-4, ASB 22-4, PSB

22-4, SD 44-8, A-P 25-2, AM 45:0 AL, 33-6, PL 56:0, Sens. 36-4 with head

19:+6/19-6.

Loc. The type only, from Atherton, Queensland, on boots, April 5, 1944

(R..N. McCulloch).

Remarks. The unique type slide in the S,A. Mus. collection was regrettably

badly damaged while under oil immersion.

190 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

ScoéneastiaA (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) QUEENSLANDICA (Womersley 1939).

Neoschéngastia queenslandica Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc, S, Aust., 63, (2),

162; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy, Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 112.

Plate 48, fig. G-K.

The Standard Data for 10 of the 12 specimens recorded in 1943, as re-

measured are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 57-90-74 2+330+52 50+9-64°9 54°0-61-0 4-0

PW 90:70'84 2-620 -59 82-B-98-6 87-0-97-0 2-9

8B 29-B0°53 1°69+0-38 24°8-34-8 27+0-32-0 5:6

ASB 31-60-27 0+84+0-19 29+1-34°1 30-0-32-0 2-7

PSB 18-8+0+33 1-08+0+23 15*7-21°9 18-0-20-0 5-5

sD 50-4:40-50 1°58+0°35 45+ 7-55-1 48-0-52-0 3-1

A-P 42-80-85 2-70+0-60 34:7-50°9 39-0~47°0 6:3

AM 39:42%0-43 1350-30 35+4-43+4 36-0-40°0 3-4

AL 70-851-16 3:08+0-82 61:6-80'1 65-0-75°0 4-3

PL 67-10-67 1°88+0-47 61-5-72:7 65-0-70-0 2-8

Sens. 40-0 with head 20/21.

I have recently seen 5 more specimens collected by Major R. N. McCulloch

on boots: Cairns, Queensland, 3 spec. July, 1943; Skull Pocket, Qld., 1 spec.

June, 1943, and Atherton, Qld., 1 spec. Sept., 1944. Also numerous specimens

from the ears of a euro, near the Daly River, Northern Territory of Australia,

5 June, 1948 (R. V. Southcott, coll. A.C.B. 162).

The species is characterized from its allies by having 4 setae in the first

dorsal row, i.e. two submedial as well as the two scapular setae. The posterior

margin of the seutum is very shallow behind PL, being almost rectilinear. The

AL and PL setae are long, with Al slightly the longer. Chelicerae are simple

with only the usual apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude, Palpi stout, with

trifurcate tibial claw; setae on femur and genu branched; on tibia, dorsal and

lateral nude, ventral branched. Dorsal setae 4.6.6.6.2.2, to 50, long. Ventral

setae, posterior of coxae III 8.6.6.4.4.2, to 21p long. Sensillae globose and

finely setulose.

ScHbnaastia (Agcosci6NGASTIA) LAPPAGEA 0. nov,

Neoschingastia melomys Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc, 8. Aust.,

67, (1), 110 (in part).

Plate 49, fig. A—D,

On critical re-examination of the type of NV. meloniys from Melomys littor-

alis from Innisfail, Queensland, it was found to be con-specifie with innisfadl-

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 19)

ensis Wom. and Heasp. 1943 (Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Aust., 67, (1), 108) but not

with the series of 15 specimens from rats at Cairns, Queensland, and recorded

as melomys (loc. cit.). .

The name melomys thus becomes a homonym and invalid and the material

from Cairns is herewith redescribed under the name of lappacea.

Description of Larvae, Shape oval with sides rather flattened. Length

(engorged) 465y, width 260u. Dorsal scutum as figured, anterior margin lightly

sinuous, posterior margin more or less evenly rounded but slightly flattened

or concave medially, and fairly deep behind line of PL; sensillae globose with

fine indistinct ciliations, the sensillac bases anterior of line of PL; PL the long-

est and longer than PW. Eyes 2+ 2, rather small, posterior the smaller.

Chelicerae simple, with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi

stout with trifureate tibial claw; setae on femur and genu branched, setae on

tibia nude except the ventral sometimes with a medial branch. Dorsal setae

32 in number to 75 long, rather strong with strong setules, arranged

2.6.6.6.6.4.2. Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on each

coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae [II and thereafter 4.6.6.6,4.4,

to 30-45 long. Legs I 220, IT 190%, II] 2204; tarsi I and II with dorsal

sensory rod, III without any long nude seta,

The Standard Data for the type and 9 specimens from rats, Cairns, Qld.

1939-40 (W.G.H.), 8 specimens from the ears of a euro, at Daly River, North-

ern Territory, Aust. (R. V. Southcott), and 2 specimens from boots from

Skull Pocket, Keiri, Qld., July 1943 (R. N. McCulloch), are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation, Range Range Variation

AW 54-00-45 200032 48-0-60-0 50+4-56-0 3:7

PW 70+4-E0-53 2-3920-38 63-3-77-5 64-4-72-8 3-4

SB 19-60-28 1:25-0+20 15-8-23-4 16°8-22 4 6-4

ASB 25-2 No variation recorded

PSB 19+6 No yariation recorded

8D 44-8 No variation recorded

A-P Q7 -8+0-27 1-19+0-19 24-2-31+4 25+2-29°4 4-3

AM 31-60-69 3:08+0-49 224-40-8 28+0-89°2 FT

AL 70-40-36 1°60+0-25 65*6-75°2 67+2-72°8 2-3

PL 80°9+0°81 3-640:57 70-0-91°8 75° 6-86°8 4:5

Seas, 33-6 with head 16-8/19+6. No variation reeorded,

SondncastiaA (AscoscHincastra) womErsuEy1 (Gunther 1940).

Neoschéngastia womersleyi Guuther 1940, Proc, Linn, Sec, New South Wales,

65, (3-4), 254; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy, Soe. 8, Aust.,

67, (1), 109,

192 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Plates 49, fig. E-G; 50, fig. A.

Of this species I have another specimen collected from a rat (No. 9) by

Maj. G. M. Kohls in New Guinea, 15th Nov., 1943.

The Standard Data as remeasured for 7 of Gunther’s paratypes in the

South Australian Museum collection, and the additional specimen referred to

above are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 47+95+0-63 1-790:+465 42-55-53 +25 44-8-50+4 3-7

PW 68°95+1-05 2-97+0-74 60-05-77 - 85. 67-2-75-6 43

SB 19-250735 0-99+0'25 16-25-22 +25 16+8-19°6 5-1

ASB 28-0 No variation recorded

PSR 18-90-46 1-290 -32 15-0+22-8 16+8-19-6 6°83

8D 46-90-46 1-29+0°32 43-0-50°:8 44-8-47°6 2°83

A-P 31-50-46 1-29%0:+32 27°6-35-4 30-8-33°6 4-1

AM 39°2+0-61 1620-43 34-3-44°1 36-442 °0 4-1

AL 84-0 No variation recorded

PL 134°641-78 4-72+1-26 120-4-148-8 126-0-140-0 3°5

Sens. 33-6 with head 16-8/19-6. Only 1 determination.

This is a very remarkable species in the excessively long Pl setae which

are about twice the length of PW. The scutum is as figured with the posterior

margin relatively shallow behind PL. The sensillae are globose with fine

setules, and their bases nearer to one another than to the lateral seutal margins

and only slightly in front of line PL. The chelicerae are not. serrate and have

only the usual apical tricuspid cap. The galeal setae are nude. The palpal

tibial claw is trifurcate and the setae on the femur and genu branched, on the

tibial only the ventral seta with branches. The dorsal setae are strongly

ciliated, to 75 long, and 28 in number arranged 2.6.6.6.4.2.2.

Sconéneastia (AscoscHONGASTIA) COORONGENSE (Hirst 1929),

Schéngastia coorongense Hirst 1929, Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist., (10), 3, 564,

Neoschéngastia coorongense, Wom. and Heasp. 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust.,

67, (1), 114.

Plate 50, fig. B—B,

This species, the original description of which was unaccompanied by any

figure, is still only known from the original material from the ears of a rat

from Robe, 8. Australia. The eo-types are in the South Australian Museum,

The palpal claw is trifurcate; the seta on the palpal femur has many

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TyPHUS MITES 193

rather short branches, on the génu somewhat fewer short branches and all 3

setae on the tibia are nude. The chelicerae are simple and armed only with

the usual apical tricuspid cap. The galeal setae are nude, The dorsal scutum

is as figured with the setae relatively slender and finely ciliated and PL: the

longest, AL the shortest; the sensillae are capitate, strongly setulose, and with

their bases surrounded with strong chitinous lines and placed slightly in front

of line of PL. The dorsal setae are fairly slender, shortly ciliated, 32 in num-

ber, to 45n long and arranged 2.6.6.6.6.4.2. The ventral seta¢ behind coxae II

are ca. 8.8.8. to 25u long, then 6.6.4.2. to 40x long, There is no long nude

seta on tarsi IIT.

The Standard Data for 15 co-types as remeasured are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deyiation, Range Range Variation

AW 70-9+0+93 3:600> 66 60+1-81-7 67° 2-78 +4 1-8

PW 95-951-50 5'82+1-06 78-5-113-4 86-8-109-2 61

SB 32 +8067 2-60+0°47 25-0-39-+8 28-0-39+2 7-9

ASB 30°8+0°37 1450-26 26-5-35 +1 28+0-33-6 4:7

PSB 22-4 No variation recorded

8D 53-20-37 1:450°26 48-9-57°5 50-4-56+0 2-7

A-P 34+520-51 1:9640+36 28 -6-40+4 33-6-39°2 305

AM 49-30-45 1-°780-32 43-9-54-3 44-8-50-4 345

AL 42-0+0-46 1:7740°32 © 36-7-47-3 39-2-44°8 4-2

PL 64:40:95 3-68-0-67 534-75-4 56+0-70-0 5:7

Sens. 33-6 with head 19:6/19-6, No variation recorded,

Two specimens were recently taken along with one 8. (A,) dasycerci (Hirst)

from Rattus murrayt var. on Greenly Is., South Australia, Dec., 1947 (F. J.

Mitchell).

ScHdneastra (AscoscréngastTiA) ECHYMiIrmRA (Wom, and Kohls 1947).

Ascoschingastia echymipera Womersley and Kohls 1947, Tr. Roy. Soc. S, Aust.

71, (1), 11-12.

Plates 50, fig. F-I; 51, fig. A.

This species was described from specimens collected from a bandicoot,

Echymipera cockerelli from Dobodura, New Guinea, Nov, 1943 (G. M. Kohls).

In the key it comes close to tnnisfailensis Wom, and Heasp. 1948, but can be

distinguished therefrom by the posterior seutal margin being very shallow,

almost rectilinear between PL, and by the rather greater number of dorsal

setae.

194 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The Standard Data as given by Womersley and Kohls are;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 45+3+0-29 1+16-20+20 41-8-48.8 43-0-48:-0 2:5

PW 61-50-52 2+12-0-37 55-1-67-9 57 -0-66-0 ge4

SB 20+4+0-39 1-147+0°21 16-9-23-9 18+ 0-21°0 5:7

ASB 21-0 No variation recorded

PSB 15-0 No variation recorded

SD 36-0 No variation recorded

A-P 31-30-37 1-490 -26 26-8-35-3 30-0-33-0 470

AM 26-60-36 1-4520-26 22-2-31-0 24-0-30:0 5-6

AL 46+52+0°59 2-3740'42 3914-536 42°0-51-0 §-1

PL 42-60-36 1-450 +26 38-2-47°0 40-0-45-0 3c4

Sens, 27-0 with head 17/17. No variation reeorded.

Scuéneastia (AscoscHénGAsTIA) INNISFAILENSIS (Wom. and Heaslip 1943).

Neoschongastia innisfailensis Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc.

8. Aust., 67, (1), 108.

Neoschongastia. melomys Womersley and Heaslip 1948, Tr, Roy. Soe, 8, Aust.,

67, (1), 110 (in part).

Ascoschéngastia bushlandi Philip 1947, J. Parasitology, 33, (3), 387.

Plate 51, fig. B-E.

Re-examination of the type specimen of Neoschingastia melomys Wom. and

Heasp., from Innisfail, Queensland, shows it to be co-specifie with innisfailensis,

but not so with the rest of the material from Cairns, and recorded as melomys

(see under 8. (Ascoschingastia) lappacea, nu. nov.).

Re-description of Larvae. Shape elliptical. Length (engorged) to 4504,

width to 320%. Dorsal seutum as figured, with AL the longest but only slightly

longer than PL; anterior margin sinuous and convex medially; sensillae glo-

bose, appearing nude, but under high magnification with indistinct setules which

are most obvious near the base of head; sensillae bases nearer to one another

than to lateral margins and practically in line with PL, Eyes 2+ 2, on ocular

shields, the posterior the smaller. Chelicerae non-serrate, with only the apical

tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout with trifureate tibial claw;

setae on femur and genu branched, on tibia all 3 nude. Dorsal setae tapering

and with fairly strong setules, to 45, long and arranged 2.6.6.6.6.4.2. Ventrally

with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between

eoxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca, 38-40, to 354 long. Legs I

270p long, IT 2254, IIT 3004; tarsi I and IJ with the usual dorsal sensory rod,

Ili without any long nude seta.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PacIFIC SCRUR TYPHUS MITES 195

The Standard Data from twelve of the original specimens from Innisfail,

Queensland, from Melomys littoralis are:

Standard Theorctical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Varistion

AW 47-80-88 3-038+0-62 38-7-56°9 44-8-56-0 643

PW 72-1+1-15 3:98+0-81 60-2-84:0 67+2+78+4 5-5

SB 21-50-44 1:58+0-31 170-260 19-6§-23-8 7:0

ASB 23-0 No variation recorded

PSB 19-6 No variation recorded

8D 47-6 No variation recorded

A-P 27-9=0°27 0-98+0-19 25:1-30°7 25-2-29-4 3-3

AM 38-550-37 1180°26 25-0-32-1 28-0-80-8 4-1

AL 54-9+0+48 1:°44+0-32 50- 6-59 -2 58+ 2-56-0 2-6

PL 47°60°+49 1:69+0°34 42+6-52°6 44-3-50-4 3-5

Sens, 35-0 with head 20/21,

Recently Philip (loc. cit.) has described from Owi Is., D.N.G,, a new

species under the name of Ascoschéngastia bushlandi. In his discussion Philip

points out the close relationship to innisfajlensis, the main differences being in

the somewhat larger size of the dorsal scutum, the longer ciliations on the

scutal setae, and the presence of an involucrum at the base of the stem of the

detached sensillae. This peculiar structure has not been described before, and

is probably to be found in many species but obscured by the structure of the

sensillary cup unless the sensillae become detached. I have since seen the same

structure in 8. (A.) mohri sp. nu. as mentioned under that species, and it also

occurs in innisfailensis,

In other morphological details bushlandi cannot be separated from imnis-

failensis, and on the slightly larger seutum, particularly PW, it should prob-

ably be regarded as not more than a geographical race. I am greatly indebted

to Dr. Philip for the original data of 28 specimens for which he gives the

Standard Data in terms of observed range and mean in his paper. Treated

more fully for comparison with that of innisfailensis the Standard Data for

bushland? is as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW §1-70:-37 1:97+0-26 45+8-57-6 47+8-56+1 3-8

PW 81-30-72 3-838+0-51 £9.-8--92 -8 70-3-89-9. 4-7

SB 21-40°35 1-S42£0-25 15'9-26-9 15-+2-26-+7 8-6

ASP 25-00-27 1+432-0-+19. 20+7-29-3 22-4-27-5 5-7

PSB 21-9-F0-28 1490-20 17*5-26-3 18-2246 6°8

8D 47-02-0145 2-39-0732 $9-9-54+1 41-4-51-6 6-1

A-P 28-8+0°18 0-9440-12 26°0-31-6 27 -0-31+0. 2-3

AM 30-40-46 2-31--0-32 23 -+5-87 +3 26-1-35-+2 7-6

AL 60-20-94 4+49+0-67 470-732, 46+0-68+1 73

PL 56-30-48 241-034 49+1-63-5 53-2-860-9 43

Sens. 31-40-52 1-88407387 25 8-37-0 27 15-34°8 60

196 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

In general bushlandi has AW slightly larger than in innisfailensis, PW

definitely larger, and AL and PL also longer.

In addition to the typical material from Innisfail, for which Standard

Data are given above, there are 4 specimens in the South Australian Museum,

which agree more with bushlandi than innisfailensis in AW and PW, but which

have PSB, SD and A-P still greater.

Of these one specimen was collected by W. D. Smith in Oct., 1938, and

three by W. G. Heaslip in 1940, all from the type locality and same host as

typical innisfailensis, Their Standard Data are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation, Range Range Variation

AW 51+1+0-70 1-40+0-49 46-9-55°3 50°4-53-2 27

PW 83-31-76 8+522-1+24 72-8-93°8 78-4-86°8 42

SB 24-50+70 1-46+0:-49 20+3-28°7 22-4-25-2 5:7

ASB 30+8 No variation recorded

PSB 25-2 No variation recorded

sD 56°0 No variation recorded

A-P 36-4 No variation recorded

AM 30-81-61 3-2341-14 81-1-40-5 280-33 '6 10+5

AL 58-8 No variation recorded

PL 54*60-81 1°610°57 49+8-59+4 53 -2-56-0 3-0

Sens, Missing,

More recently a small collection, of 14 specimens, of unfed larvae of this

species, from the Bramston’s Beach area, N.Q., about 60 miles south of Cairns,

and 14 miles north of Innisfail (coll. I, M, and M. J. Mackerras, Sept., 1949)

has been studied.

The Standard Data of this series are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 46-10-52 1-94-+0-37 40-3-51-9 43-4-50°4 4:2

PW 63-61-03 3-8720-73 52-0-75°2 58+8-70-0 6-1

8B 19-20-52 1-940-37 13+4-25-0 16+8-22+4 10-0

ASE 23-80-57 2-150-41 17-35-30 +25 19-6-28-0 9-0

PEB 18-0+0-48 1-8120-34 12-6-23°4 16-8-22-4 10-0

8D 41+8+0°46 1-72+0-83 36-6-47-0 . 39-2-44-8 4-1

A-P 26°8+0-81 3-05+0+58 17*+7-35°9 22+4-30-8 11-4

AM 37-20-62 2+31+0-44 30-3-44-1 33-642-0 6-2

AL 58-80-51 1-90=0:36 53-1-64°5 56-0-61°6 3-2

PL 50-47h0+75 2-11+0-53 44-1-56-7 47 -6-53-2 4-2

Sens. 31-90-39 1:42+0-28 27-7-3611 30-8-33 6 4-4

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 197

This population is significantly different from the original population, in

all the Standard Data except AW and A-P, being lower in PW, SB, ASB,

PSB, and SD, and Sen. and higher in AM, AL, and Pl. The data for PL is

based on 5 specimens only, as in one of these 5, only one PL was of normal

length, the other measuring 70. In 4 other specimens both PL: setae measured

0p.

The population of f. bushlandi Philip from the Philippines, differs from

the original population significantly in all Standard Data except SB and SD,

being greater in AW, PW, PSB, AM and AL, and smaller in ASB, PL, and

Sens.

This species, then, seems to be very variable in Standard Data, as seen in

populations from different localities.

B. SENSILLAE CLAVATE, SOMETIMES BROADLY SO, OR LANCEOLATE WITHOUT

A BASAL STEM.

a. Sensillae lanceolate without a basal stem,

Scuéneastia (AscosoHéneastta) LAcUNOSA (Gater 1932).

Neoschéngastia lacunosa Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heaslip

1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67, (1), 110,

Plate 51, fig. F-I.

Dorsal scutum as figured, with posterior margin shallow behind line of

PL and almost rectilinear; sensillae somewhat lanceolate with fine setules, their

bases wide apart and nearer to line of PL than to line of AL; AM the longest,

PL the shortest. Palpal claw bifureate, setae on femur and genu nude or with

a few indistinct barbs, on: tibia all 8 nude or with short indistinct barbs,

Chelicerae with only the usual apical tricuspid eap. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal

setae to 54, long, short setulations basally, longer distally, 36 in number and

arranged 2.6,.8.8.6.4.2. No long nude setae on tarsi II.

The Standard Data for 4 paratypes in the British Museum (N.H.) and

measured by me during a visit to London in 1947, together with the two in the

South Australian Museum and reported by Womersley and Heaslip 1943 are as

follows;

198 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 64-01-20 2-9520+85 55-2-72°+8 59-4-66-5 4°6

PW 75-20-81 1-980:+57 69-3-81-1 72-6-78-0 2°6

SE B7 30-27 0-67+0-19 35-3-39-3 36-0-38-0 1:8

ASB 300-740-438 1-07+0-31 27-35-33 +9 28-6-31-5 3°5

PSE 24-020+74 1°64+0-53 19-11-2899 22+0-26 14. 6-8

sD 54-451 -07 2-40-0-76 47+25-61-65 §0-+6-57-2 4-4

A-P 44-00-48 1-17+0°+34 40-5-47-5 43 -0-46-2 2-6

AM 44-950-47 1-150+33 41-5-48~4 44-046 -5 2-6

AL 39°520°38 0°93+-0°+27 32-7-88+3 35-0-87 -4 2-6

PL 26-50-48 1-1820-34 23-0-30-0 25-0-28-6 4-4

Sena. 54-0 with head 6+7 wide.

Amongst the material in Lawrence’s ‘‘Type box’’ of slides in the London

School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, which I have been permitted to study

by Lt.-Col. J. R. Audy, are 4 slides Nos. (37-40) labelled ‘‘Ascoschéngustia

n. sp. ‘C’, Lawrence in m.s.’’ and referred to as such in Appendix 7, to War

Office Report, AMD 7, March 7, 1947.

Lawrence (loc. cit.) records these specimens as 3 from the type host, a

tree shrew Tupaia belangeri belangeri Waguer, and 2 specimens only from

Hydromys humei. The locality was Palel, Tamu Rd., 80 miles south of Imphal,

Manipur State, India, Nov, 24th, 1945.

The four of the above specimens which I have been able to examine do

not differ in any morphological features from the Malayan specimens except:

that they are consistently and significantly larger in all details of the Standard

Data, as given below, suggesting that the Imphal material may be regarded.

as a geographical race of the Malayan species.

Standard Theoretical Observed Ooeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 68-00-80 1-6040-56 63 -2-72-8 67:2-70-4 2-3

PW 86-03-09 6r184%2°18 67-5-104-5 80-0-92°8 72

SB a8-4 No variation recorded

ASB 35-21-31 2°6120:92 27+4-43-0 32-0-38+4 7*S

PSB 22-4 No variation recorded

SD 57-61-31] 2-6120°92 49-8-65-4 54°4-60-8 4-5

A-P 44-$84+1-31 2-61+0-92 37°52 °6 41-6-48-0 5:8

AM 34:40°+80 1:60-0-56 29-6-39-2 320-352 4-7

AL 35+2. No variation recorded

PL 36700780 1*60+0°56 31-2-40°8 35 + 2-38 -4. 4.4

Sens, Missing.

In addition to the differences in Standard Data there is a slight, but pro-

bably quite unimportant difference in that in the Imphal specimens PL is about

equal in length to AL instead of heing distinctly shorter.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIC ScRUB TYPHUS. MITES 199

ScHoneastia (ASCOSCHONGASTI4) MALAYENSIg (Gater 1932).

Neoschingastia malayensis Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heas-

lip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 110.

Plate 51, fig, J-K.

This species was originally described from specimens from. Rattus malaisia

Kloss from Sungei Buloh, Selangor, F.M.8. Recently Audy and his colleagues

have found it at Kepong, Forest Reserve, Selangor, F.M.S. 1950, on BR. sabanus

and F, whiteheadi and reared the engorged larvae to nymphs. The Standard

Data as interpolated from Gater’s figure were given by Womersley and Heaslip

1943. In 1947 on a visit. to the British Museum I was able to examine the

type and one paratype, and I am mow indebted to Dr. Audy for another para-

type from Gater’s collection in the Instit. for Medica] Research at. Kuala Lum-

pur, The Standard Data for these three specimens are:

AW PW 8B ASB PSB SD AP AM AL PL Sens.

Type 42:6 66:0 22:0 176 — — — ~— ~~ ~~ =

Paraty, 41:6 66-0 22-0 17-6 — — 22-0 22-0 18-0 30-0 —

Paraty. 44-8 61-6 22-4 16-8 19°6 36-4 19-6 22-4 16-8 33-6 ~—

The scutum is rectangular, wider than long, with Al the shortest and PL

distinctly off the scutum; SB rather wide apart and somewhat nearer to AL

than to PL, not the reverse as indicated by Gater’s figure. Sensillae lanceolate

and finely ciliated to 34 long (according to Gater). The palpal claw is bifur-

cate and the setae on the femur, genu and tibia all nude or with one or two

short indistinct barbs. The chelicerae are furnished only with the apical tri-

cuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. There is no long nude seta on tarsi of leg IIT.

This species was chosen by Ewing as the type of Ascoschéngastia, but it is

unfortunately rather an aberrant species in having PL situated off the sentum.

b. Sensillae uith more or less a basal stem,

SoHbneastta (ASCOSCHUNGASTIA) LIPOXENA Sp. 0.

Plate 62, fig, F—-H.

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length (engorged) to 1,235p,,

width to 9754. Mouth parts largely hidden under the dorsum. Scutum small,

as figured, with anterior margin sinuous, posterior margin shallow behind line

of PL: sensillae broadly lanceolate, strongly setulose, without a distinct basal

stem; AL setae the shortest, PL the longest.. Eyes ? absent. Chelicerae short

200 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

and stout, as figured, with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude.

Palpi stout, tibial claw bifureate; setaé on femur and genu branched; on tibia

only the ventral nude. Dorsal setae needle-like, apparently nude or with only

short indistinct barbs; to 44a long, ca. 26 in number, and arranged 2,6,6.6.4.2,

Ventrally, with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, a ciliated seta on each

coxa, a pair between coxae IT and between coxae III, and thereafter ca.

4.4.6.6.6.4.2, similar to but finer than dorsal. Legs: I 220 long, IT 195y,,

TIL 220.2; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod; III without any long nude

seta.

The Standard Data for 31 specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed. Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Raage Range Variation

AW 44°60-36 1°6520-21 39-7-49-5 420-47 -6 3-7

PW 60-30-44 2-438+0°31 53*+0-67-6 56-0-64,4 4-0

SB 20-50-25 1:40+0°-18 16+3~-24-7 16-8-22-4 7-0

ASB 20-90-25 1:3920°18 16°7-25 +1 19-6§-22-4 6:7

PSB 14-0 No yarigtion recordad

8D 34-9--0+235 1-39-0°18 30+7-39+1 33+6-36+4 4-0

A-P 27-240-29 1,61+0-20 22-4-32-0 25-2-30-8 6-9

AM 35-6220-43 2-2620°381 28-842 +4 30+8-39-2 6-4

AL 31°9%0-37 | 1°91+0-26 26+2-37-6 28-0-33-6 6-0

PL 46-60-33 1-8220°23 41-2-52-0 42-0-50-4 3-9

Sens, 61-6 with head 8-4 wide. No variation recorded.

Loc. and Host. From bats No. 13944 and R.10566, 71 from Bukit Lagong

Forest Reserve, Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya, March, 1950 J. R. Andy).

Remarks, In the form of the sensillae this species will come close to

lacunosa Gater and malayensis Gater, differing from the first in the shape and

size of the scutum, and from the second, in having PL on the seutum and the

setae of the palpal femur and genu nude.

As all the specimens were very fully engorged and did not make very

satisfactory mounts it has not been possible to figure the entire dorsal and

ventral sides.

ScHongast1a (AscoscHONGASTIA) NADCHATRAMI sp. n.

Plate 111, fig, H—J.

Description of Larvae. Shape (engorged) ovoid with rather parallel

sides, slightly constricted medially. Length to 938, width to 670y. Secutum

as figured, only slightly wider posteriorly than lone; PW greater than AW;

anterior and posterior margins sinuous; posterior margin very shallow behind

PL; sensillae missing, bases about in mid-line of seutum; PL very short, AL

long and much longer than AM. Hyes 2-+ 2, posterior the smaller, Chelicerae

with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi outwardly angu-

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC SCRUB TyPHuUS MITES 201

late, tibial claw bifurcate; setae on femur, genu and dorsally and laterally on

tibia apparently nude, ventral on tibia with short ciliations. Dorsal setae ca,

42 in number, to 57 long, and arranged 2.6.6.6,6.6.4.4.2. only very shortly

ciliated or barbed, or perhaps quite nude. Ventrally with paired ciliated setae

on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae IIT

and thereafter ca. 46 setae, lengthening from 33,» to 50y posteriorly, and more

obviously ciliated. Legs: I 402» long, Il 348, ITT 469; tarsi I and II with

dorsal sensory rods, III without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 5 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 54-15+0+56 1+370-39 50+ 05-58-25 53 -6-66-95 2-5

PW 70-91-02 2520/73 63-35-7845 67+0-73-7 35

8B 32-440°71 1-730-50 27-2-37:6 30+15-33-5 5:3

ASB 85-4240°43 1-0620-31 32-0-38-35 33 -5-36°85 3-0

P&B 36-25-0-56 1-370-39 22-15-30°36 23-45-26°8 5r2

8D 61-41-13 2-77+0-80 53-1-09-7 56-95-63 -65 45

A-P 53°0540+56 1+370°39 48+95-57-16 50°25-53-6 2-6

AM 55<251-14 2-80+0-81 46-85-63 -65 50-+25-56-95 5-1

AL 7312-91 7+14+2-06 §1-7-94-5 67 «0-83-75 9-8

PL 13-4 No variation recorded,

Sena. Missing in all specimens.

Loc. and Host. Six specimens, 3 from Rattus sabanus, Bukit, Lanjar

Worest Reserve, Selangor, F.M.8., 4 Nov., 1950, 1 from same host, Kepong F.R.

Selangor, 23 June, 1950, and 2 from Ratius rajuk, from Ulu Langat F.R.

Selangor, 21 July, 1950,

Remarks. This species in the shape of the scutum is close to 8S. (A.)

lacunosa Gater, S, (S.) lewthwaitet sp. n. and 8. (4.) sarawakensis sp. n. It

differs from lewthwaitet in the quite non-serrate chelicerae; from lacwnosa in

the very short PL setae, and from serawakensis in the Standard Data, especi-

ally the very long AL scutal setae.

ScHonaastiA (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) SARAWAKENSIS sp. nl.

Plate 111, fig. D-G.

Description of Larvae. Shape (engorged) broadly oval with slight medial

constriction, Length (engorged) to 730n, width to 600y. Seutum small as

figured, almost qnadrate, with AL longer than AM, and Pl very short; sen-

sillae rather short, clavate and setulose, with short but distinct basal stem,

head as wide as long in ratio of 10:18; bases distinctly nearer to PL than to

AL; contonrs as in typical lécwnosa. Byes 2+ 2, posterior the smaller. Cheli-

cerae simple with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi

202 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Tather angular on femur; seta on femur nude or with indistinct barbs; on

fenu nude and long; on tibia ventral with short branches, dorsal and lateral

apparently nude; palpal claw bifurcate, Dorsal setae short. and curved, to

57p long, with short sparse barbs; ca. 42 in number and arranged ca. 2,6,6.6.6.-

6.4.4.2. Ventrally with a pair of shortly ciliated or barbed setae on maxillae,

one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and there-

after ca. 46-48 setae. Legs: I 321p long, II 281p, IIT 3754; tarsi I and IL

with dorsal sensory rod, IIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 8 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 50°60°67 2-010-47 44-6-56°6 46-9-53-6 4-0

PW 65-10-81 2/43+0-57 57-8-72°4 60-3-67 +0 a7

SB 30-90-49 1<47+0+35 26-5-35°3 30°15-33°5 4-8

ASB 30-90-49 1:47+0-35 26°5-35°3 30-15-33-5 4:3

PSB 23-45 Wo yariation recorded. -

8D 54<385+0+49 2-47+0°35 49-95-58-75 53+6-56.-95 B+7

A-P 46°9 No variation recorded.

AM 50-25 No variation recorded.

AL 56°95 No variation recorded.

PL 13-4 No variation recorded

Sens. 23°45. with head 10-05/18+75. One determination. only.

Loc. and Hosts. The type and 8 paratypes from moon rat EKchinosorer

gymnurus from Tinjar, Sarawak, 15th June, 1950.

Remarks. hia species is so close to typical lacunosa Gater, that one

might be disposed to regard it only as a variety. It differs from the typical

form in having a significantly smaller scutum, although of the same contours,

and in having the sensillae much shorter and more clavate with a short but

distinct basal stem. The AL scutal setae are distinctly longer than the AM

seta, while the dorsal setae are shorter than (compare Standard Data) in typical

lacunosa from Malaya.

ScuHéneasTiA (AscOscCHONGASTIA) NAUSHERAENSIS gp, n.

Plate 52, fig. A-E.

Description of Larvae, Length (engorged) 390pn, unengorged 320y, width

227» and 214y respectively. Shape broadly oval. Scutum as figured, roughly

rectangular with posterior margin either almost rectilinear or shallow between

PL (this is difficult to ascertain as some of the dorsal striations overlap the

margin and obscure it); sensillae clavate, strongly setulose with the bases wide

apart and only slightly nearer to PL than to AL; surface finely punctate, AM

and AL subequal, PL longer. Eyes not discernible. Chelicerae non-serrate,

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 203

with only the apical cap, Galea) setae nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw bifurcate;

setae on femur and genu strongly branched; on tibia ventral only branched.

Dorsal setae to 30 long, ca. 40 in number and arranged 2.10.8.8.2 lateral, 6.4.2.

Ventrally a pair of ciliated setae on maxillae, one each on coxae I and II

and three on coxae III, a pair between coxae I and between III, and thereafter

ea, 26-28. Legs: I 195 long, II 169, III 208; tarsi I and I] with dorsal

sensory rod, III without any long nude seta,

The Standard Data for the type and eleven paratypes ave:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 50°5240-44 1+52-+0+31 46-0-55°0 47-6-53 +2 3-0

PW 67-820°58 2010-41 61-8-73-6 64°4-70-0 3-0

SB. 37-30-53 1-820°37 31-8-42-8 33-6-39-2 5-0

ASB 22-3012 0-40+0:08 21-1-23-5 21-0~-22-4 1:8

PSB 22-320-12 0-40+0-08 21+1-23°5 21-0-22°4 1-8

8D 44-70-24 0: 820°17 42-2-47-2 42-0-44-8 1:8

A-P 34+42£0.36 1+260-26 30-6-38:2 33°6-36+4 3-7

AM 20-0 No variation recorded

AL 20-0 No variation recorded

PL 30-25+0°18 0+62--0-13 28-4-32+1 30-0-32-0 2-1

Sens. 36-4 with head 13/22. No variation reeorded.

Lov. and Host. The type and eleven paratypes from ears of a mouse,

Naushera, India, 14 May, 1949 (S.L.K.),

Remarks. This species is closely related to lacunosa Gater and malayensis

Gater, but differs in the dorsal setae, setation of palpi, Standard Data, and

especially the trisetose coxae III.

Scuéneastia (AscogcHéneastiA) peBmis (Gater 1932).

Neoschéngastia debilis Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heaslip -

1943, Tr, Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 118.

Plate 53, fiz, A.

This species is still only known from the original specimen from the ear

of Rattus cremoriventer cremoriventer (Muller) from Sungei Buloh, Selangor,

FMS.

Gater’s description is somewhat brief and he only figures the dorsal

scutuin, from which the sensillae were missing.

The seutum is almost rectangular with the posterior margin rectilinear

between PL. The AL setae are the shortest and all are distinctly ciliated. The

sensillae bases are about in the mid-line of the scutum or slightly in front of

it. The chelicerae are non-serrate, apparently with only the apieal tricuspid

cap. The palpal claws are stated by Gater to be trifureate, the setae on the

204 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

palpal femur and genu nude, and on the tibia the dorsal and lateral slightly

pectinate, the ventral plain. Eyes apparently absent.

The dorsal setae number 54, and are arranged 2,12.4.8.7.10.2.54. The

Standard Data from Gater’s figure and data as computed by Womersley and

Heaslip (1943) are: AW 40°0, PW 48-0, SB 17-0, ASB 13-0, PSB 11-0,

SD 24-0, A~P 21-0, AM 30-0, AL 20-0, PL 36-0, Sens. —.

With its characteristic sentum this species should be readily recognized

when again met with.

Scnineastia (AscoscoHONaGasTIA) MANIPURENSIS (Radford 1946).

Neoschéngastia manipurensis Radford. 1946. Proc. Zool. Soe., London, 116, (2).

Plate 53, fig, BD.

Described by Radford from Rattus rattus rufescens (Gray) from Imphal,

Manipur, 13 June 1945, this species will fall into the indica group on the size

of the dorsal secutum, AL seutal setae being the shortest, and the short rather

stumpy front tarsi. It is strikingly different from all other members of the

group in that PW is almost 3 times as long as AW, and in having both coxae IL

and III multisetose, II with 3 setae, III with 6 setae. The scutal setae are said to

be nude. The dorsal setae are 30 in number, arranged 4.8.6.6.4.2, i.e. there are

2 scapular setae on each side. Ventrally behind coxae III the setae number

ca, 36, No details or figures of the palpi are given by Radford, and I have not

seen any material. \

The Standard Data as given by Radford are: AW 25-0, PW 74-0, SB 21-0,

ASB 28-0, PSB 20-0, SD 43-0, A-P 32-0, AM 20-0, AL 17-0, PL 27-0,

Sens. 38-0. The value of 32:0 for A—P, however, is not in accordance with his

figure of the secutum and is more probably an error for 42-0.

In the multisetose coxae II and III and the shape of the scutum this species

might be placed in Doloisia Ouds. 1910 as suggested by Fuller 1948, if that

genus can be yalidly separated from Schéngastia when the adults become known.

It differs from the genotype of Doloisia, (synote Ouds. from Germany) in that

coxae I is only unisetose.

ScHénaastia (AscosCHONGASTIA) LABUANENSIS sp. n.

Plates 58, fig, HJ: 57, fig, B.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (partially engorged) 390,,

width 3002. Dorsal scutum as figured, small, with the anterior margin lightly

sinuous, posterior margin coneave, the posterior angles produced; AT, setae the

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 205

shortest but all shorter than usual; sensillae bases in the mid-line of seutum,

sensillae missing, but possibly clavate. Eyes not observed, possibly absent.

Chelicerae simple, broad and stout, with only the apical tricuspid eap. Galeal

setae apparently nude. Palpi small, tibial claw short, bifurcate with subequal

prongs; setae on palpal femur and genu with short setules, on tibia, dorsal

and lateral ciliated, ventral apparently nude; tarsi with 4 or 5 ciliated setae, as

well as subapical and sub-basal sensory rods. Dorsal setae short and setulose,

to 221 long, ca. 62 in number, arranged 2.10.10.10.10.10.6.4. Ventrally with

a pair of branched setae on maxillae, a single ciliated seta on each coxa, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 40, similar to dorsal,

and to 20% long. Legs, relatively short, segments short and stout, all 7-seg-

mented, I 1802 long, II 150p, III 180,; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal

sensory rod, III without any long nude seta, or nude setae of any kind.

The Standard Data for the type and 4 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 28:8 No variation recorded

PW 44-30-32 0-710-23 39-1-43-4 40,0-41°6 1:7

8B 13-450-59 1-310-42 D-5-17-4 12+8-16-0 9-5

ASB 14-4 No variation recorded

PSB 11-2 No variation recorded

SD 25-6 No variation recorded

A-P 22-4 No variation recorded

AM 16-0 No variation recorded

AL 10+0 No variation recorded

PL 19-2 No variation recorded

Sens. Missing.

Loc. and Host. Five specimens from a marsupial rat from Labuan, British

North Borneo, 17th Sept., 1945 (R. N. McCulloch).

Remarks. Tf this species should be found to have clavate sensillae it will,

on the structure of the scutum, tarsi and palpal claw fall into the indica group

of species as in the key.

ScHoncastra (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) AUDYI Sp, nL.

Plates 54, fig. A-E; 57, fig. D.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (partially engorged) to 300,,

width to 2004, Seutum roughly rectangular, with the anterior margin sinuous,

posterior margin, lightly curved behind line of PL: AL setae the shortest; sen-

206 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

sillae clavate and setulose, their bases about the mid-line of scutum. Eyes

2-++ 2 on ocular shields, closely adjacent to postero-lateral corners of scutum,

posterior eyes the smaller. Chelicerae simple, with only the usual apieal tri-

cuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout, claw bifurcate with the prongs

unequal, to 142 long; setae on palpal femur and genu indistinctly barbed, on

tibia all three nude; tarsi with subapical and sub-basal sensory rod-like setae

and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae 30 in number, to 364 long, with short

setulations and arranged 2:6.6.6,6.4.2, Ventrally with a pair of ciliated setae

on maxillae, a single seta on each coxa, a single pair between coxae I and two

pairs hetween coxae III, thereafter ca. 36, to 22% long, Legs I 208 long,

II 184,, III 218,; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod, III with 4

long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 6 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 49-50-92 2-26-50-65 42-7-56°3 47°6-53-2 45

PW 67-21-41 8°54+1-02 56-6-77°8 61-6-72-8 1-4

SB 227620756 1-38+0-40 18+5-26+7 21-0-25-2 6-1

ASB 26°6+0°63 1°53+0-44 22-0-31'°3 25-2-28.0 5-7

PSB 22-4 No variation recorded

SD 49-02+0-63 1+580-44 44+4-53-°6 47-6-50+4 31

A-P 28-90-59 1-440+42 24-6-33-2 28-30-8 5-0

AM 31-70-59 1-44+0-42 27+4-36-0 30-8-33 -6 4-5

AL 25-2 No variation recorded

PL 89°7+0-47 4+14+0-33 36°3-43-1 39-2-42-0 2:9

Sens. 39-2 with head 11/22. No variation recorded,

Loc. and Host. Described from the type, from Prome, 8, Burma, 1945 (no

host and further date recorded) and from 6 paratypes from Rattus rattus nor-

vegicus from R.G.N. Pagoda Rd., 8. Burma 14-16 Sept,, 1945, (coll. T. J. Law-

rence, type Pll, paratypes 702-1, 706-4, 708-1). Also 7 specimens from

R. r. norvegicus from Toungoo, 8.B., 23 Oct., 1945 (768).

Remarks. At first glance this species suggests Jorius Gunther, but careful

study shows that it is quite distinct, differing in the number of dorsal and

ventral setae, the longer and less stumpy palpal claw, and the presence of two

pairs of setae between coxae IIT. I am pleased to name it after Dr. J. R. Audy,

leader of the British Medical Research Council Typhus Team in Burma, and

to whom I am indebted for the opportunity of studying so much of their

material.

Another lot of five slides from the collection of Gater’s material left

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 207

in the I.M.R., and forwarded to me by Dr. J. R. Audy are of this species.

These slides were labelled in grease pencil ‘‘sciurit’’ and one of them ‘‘not to be

published.’’ The locality is not known but was most probably Sungei Buloh.’’

Scuinaastia (AscoscHénaastia) RATTUS (Wom. and Heaslip, 1943).

Neoschingastia rattus Womersley and Heaslip 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. §. Aust,

67, (1), 118.

Plates 54, fig. F-I; 55, fig. A; 57, fig. C.

This species was described from specimens from Aatius assimilis from

Imbil and Brisbane, Queensland.

It is a rather characteristic species amongst those of the indica group in

that the scutum is as long as it is wide between PL. The setae on the femur,

genu and tibia of the palpi are all nude, and the claws are long, to 16% and

bifureate. The dorsal setae are 2.6.6.4.2, as in lortus Gunther, but the ventral

setae are much more numerous, ca. 40-50 in number. Tarsi II with 1 long

nude outstanding seta.

The Standard Data, as redetermined for the type and 3 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed. Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 35-9-0°80 1-60+0-57 31:1-40-7 35-2-38-4 45

PW 64-80-80 1-60+0-57 600-69 -6 6§4-0-67 +2 2-5

' $B 22-00-20 0*80-0°28 19+ 6-24-4 20-8-22-4 36

ASR 22-4 No variation recorded

PSB 85-2 No variation recorded

SD 57°6 No variation recorded

A-P 41-6 No variation recorded

AM. 25-6 No variation recorded

AL 12°8 No variation recorded

PL 38 +4 No variation recorded

Sems. 35°2 Only 1 determination.

Sondneastza (AscoscHéneastiA) Lortus (Gunther 1939).

Neoschéngastia lorius Gunther 1939, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 64,

(1-2), 86; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy, Soc. 8S. Aust., 67, (1),

118,

Plates 55, fig. B-E; 57, fig. E.

This species was described from a parrot (Lorius roratus) from Bulolo,

N. Guinea. Womersley and Heaslip (1943), recorded the Standard Data from

their re-examination of the type and two paratypes as follows: AW 40-0,

208 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

PW 55:0-58-0 (aver. 56-5), SB 20-0, ASB 16:0, PSB 21:+5-23-0 (aver,

22-25), SD 37-5-39-0 (aver. 38-25), A-P 21-5, AM 30-0, AL 17-0, PL 31-5-

33-0 (aver. 32-9), Sens. 35-0 with head 10-0 wide. Gunther gave: scutal

length 47-0, width 62-5, SB 20-0, AM 36-0, AL 25-0, PL 37-5, Sens. 30-0.

The dorsal setae are: 2.6.6.4.2.2, as given by Gunther, and not as quoted

in error by Womersley and Heaslip (1943).

In addition it should be noted that the palpal claws, which are bifurcate,

are short and stumpy, measuring only 7p long, as compared with those of

audyi ou. sp. and rattus Wom. and Heaslip. A long nude seta on tarsi III.

ScuénaasTia (AscoscnéncAstTiA) inpica (Hirst 1915).

Schéngastia indica Hirst 1915, Bull. Ent. Res., 6, 183; Walch 1927, Geneesk.

Tijds. v. Ned. Indie, 67, (6), 924.

Trombicula muris Walch 1922, Kitasato Archiy. Exper. Med,, 5, (3); 1928,

Fletcher, Lesslar and Lewthwaite, Tr. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg.,

22, 161.

Neoschéngastia indica Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 156; Womersley and Ileas-

lip 1943, 67, (1), 118; Radford 1942, Parasitology, 34, (1), 76; idem 1948,

Parasitology, 37, (1), 48; Wharton, 1946, Eeol. Monogr,, 16, 151-184.

Neoschéngastia cockingst Radford 1946 Proe, Zool. Soc. London, 110, (2), 262.

Plates 55, fig. F-I; 56, fig. A; 57, fig. G,

Graph 1 and 2,

Dorsal seutum of small size, as figured, with AL the shortest; sensillae

clavate with distinct setules and their bases in the mid-line of scutum and

slightly nearer to PL than to AL; posterior margin rather shallow behind PL,

but evenly curved or lightly concave medially. Chelicerae simple, with only

the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Eyes 2-2, on distinct ocular

shield, posterior eyes the smaller. Palpal claw short and stumpy, bifurcate,

the prongs equal; setae on femur with a few short branches, on genu the same

but often appearing nude, on tibia only the ventral branched, Dorsal setae

rather slender, with short setules, 34 in number, arranged 4(2), 6(8), 6.6.6.4.2,

to 25, long; in the second row the seta on each side of the median pair is

situated in front of the others and in line with the scapular setae, thus the

first two rows may be read as 4.6, instead of 2.8. Tarsi IIL with one long nude

setae,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 209

The Standard Data derived from 41 specimens from Burma (T. J. Law-

rence coll.) are as follows;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 38-40-27 1-71+0-19 83-343 +5 33-6-42-0 4-4

PW §4+920+30 1-910-21 49+2-60°6 50-4-58-8 3-5

8B 20-50-20 1-2620-14 16-7-24-3 18+2-22+4 6-1

ASB 22-820+14 0+9320-10 20-0-25-6 21-0-25-2 4:0

PSB 19:5+0-06 0+360-04 18-4-20-6 18-2-19+6 18

SD 42-30-15 0990-11 39-3-45-3 40+6-44-8 23

A-P 26°70-38 1-7640-19 21-5-32-0 22-4-29-4 6-6

AM 24-6260-29 1-73+0+20 19+4-29-8 22-4-28-0 7-0

AL 18-80-19 1-:2240-14 15-1-22-5 16-8-19-6 6:5

PL 31-10-22 Te41k0+15 26+9-35°3 28-0-33-6 4°5

Sens, 31-10-29 1°61+0-21 26-3-35°9 28-0-36°4 5-1

Remarks, Wirst in his original figure shows quite clearly the anterior

position of the second seta from the middle of the second dorsal row. He also

states: “‘Some of the hairs on the third leg are plain’’. The chaetotaxy of leg

TIT however, has not been mentioned in detail by other workers, until Wharton

(1946) described and figured it in detail, showing on the metatarsi one simple

striated seta, and on the tarsi two long nude whip-like setae. The more distal

of the latter two setae shown in his figure 2, is actually indistinctly branched,

frequently appearing to be nude, There is, therefore, only a single long uude.

seta on tarsi IIT sub-basal in position,

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) indica, and 8. (A.) soekaboemiensis Take-

kawa are two members of a small group of closely allied species, including

lors Gunther, ratius Womersley and Heaslip, and audyi sp. n. in which the

dorsal secutum is of very similar shape, but differing in overall size, and in

which the dorsal setae also vary in number,

Of these, indica and soekaboemiensis, while the scuta are different in Stan-

dard Data, at first sight appear to be only variants of one another in that the

extreme lower number of DS8 in the first few dorsal rows of soekaboemiensis

approaches that found in indica.

As pointed ont in the key and the descriptions, the DS in soekaboemiensis

number 40 to 42, and are arranged 2.10(8 or 9).8.6.6.6.4, with considerable

variation, whereas in indica they number 34, arranged 4(2).6(8).6.6.6.4.2, with

little variation, but the seeond row always has the seta on each side of the

median pair inserted well in front of the others so that the first row may be

read as 4, i.e. two scapular setae and two submedian.

The differences of these two species which in the field have been pro-

visionally identified as indica are clearly shown in the accomparying graphs.

210 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

In Graph 1 the whole of the Standard Data are shown as follows: Mean,

Range of Means expressed by Mean +30, Theoretical Ranges expressed by

Mean + 3c and by Mean + 2c, and the Observed Ranges. In all the larger and

more important characters, AW, PW, etc., it is clear that the two species are

very significantly distinct.

201

Graph I. Showing differences of Standard Data of population of (left) Schéngastia

(Ascoschéngastia) indica (Hirst) and (right) S. (4.) soekaboemiensis Takekawa.

(Measurements in microns. Horizontal lines indicate Mean, Mean + 8¢y, Range at

M = 38 times, and + twice, Standard Deviation. Crosses indicate observed range.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 211

In Graph 2, the distribution of variations in the two species is shown by

the regression lines for AW/PW and PW/AW. The distribution is seen to be

elliptical, the theoretical ranges being indicated by the ellipses drawn using

the value for Range/n. as given in Tippet’s table (Biometrika 1925).

The circles and triangles indicate the number of specimens with value of

AW. PW at the centre dots.

30 40 50

Graph II, Showing Regression Lines of AW.PW for populations of (left) Schéngastia

(Ascoschéngastia) indica (Hirst) and (right) 8. (A.) soekaboemiensis Takekawa.

_ The circles and triangles show the frequency of specimens with AW.PW at the centre

Toes, The ellipses are drawn at the range/o using Tippet’s Table (Biometrika, 17, 386,

212 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MuSEUM

ScH6ne@Astra (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) SOEKABOEMIENSIS (Takekawa 1945),

Trombicula soekaboemiensis Takekawa 8, 1945, Bull. from the Nampogun

Bookikyusi Bu. No, 126; in Report of Kiyosi Hayakawa, 1946, Singapore.

Neoschéngastia soekaboemiensis, Hayakawa 1946 in Report ‘‘A Comparative

Study of Japanese and Tropical (Serub Typhus) Tsutsugamushi Disease’’

(figures only, Chart 13).

Plates 56, fig. B~F; 57, fig. F,

Graph 1 and 2.

Fe-description of Larvae, Shape oval. Length (engorged) to 350y, width

to 260n. Scutum trapezoidal, small, anterior and posterior marging sinuous,

AL setae the smallest and placed distinctly back from anterior angles of

seutum ; seusillae clavate, their bases about in mid-line of scutum. Eyes 2+ 2,

on ocular shields, posterior the smaller, Chelicerae simple, with only the apical

tricuspid eap and a subapical rounded shoulder on dorsal (inner) margin,

Galea] setae nude. Palpi stout; tibial claw short, bifureate, prongs subequal,

to 92 long; seta on palpal femur, genu and tibia with short indistinct branches,

Dorsa] setae with distinct setules, fairly stout, to 22. long, variable in number,

40 to 42, and arranged 2.10(8 or 9).8.6.6.6.4. Ventrally, a pair of ciliated

setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between

coxae IIT and thereafter ca. 8.6.10.6.2.2, the anterior setae shorter and finer

than the dorsal, the posterior setae much like the dorsal getae. Legs: I 185p

long, iI 160, ITI 176, tarsi I and IL with the usual dorsal sensory rod; ILI

with one long nude outstanding seta.

The Standard Data derived from 109 specimens are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Doviation Range Range Variation

AW 47-1520-16 1640-11 42+25-52-05 44-8-50-4 3:5

PW 64-10-27 2-S4-0-19 55-6-72-6 58,8-70°0 4-4

SB 24-40-14 1-490'10 20-0-28+8 22+4-28-0 6-1

ASB 24-90-09 0-970:07 22-0-27-8 22-4-28-0 3:9

PSB 19-6 No variation recorded

sD 44-1+0°10 1-0140-07 41-147 +4 42-0-47°6 2-3

A-P 36-50+10 1-022£0‘07 22°5-28°5 23+S-29-4 4:0

AM 27 -2-+0-20 1-92-0-14 21°4-33-0 25-+2-36 4 7-1

Al: 20°10-11 1-09+0+07 16-9-23 «3 16-8-22.4 5-4

PL 33-80-16 1-6420-11 2879-33 -7 30-8-42+0 4-9

Sens. 34-7022 1-7520-15 29+5-39-9 30-8-29-+2 5-0

Loe. and Hosts. This species is very common in Southern Burma, occur-

ring on Nesokia bengalensis and Rattus rattus norvegicus. Some hundreds of

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 313

specimens were collected hy 'T,. J. Lawrence of the British Medical Research

Council Typhus Team in 1945.

Remarks. The species is closely related to indica in the general shape of

the dorsal scutum and has been confused in the field with that species, under

the name of cockingst Radford (— indica Hirst). From this species, however,

it differs in the lengths of AW and PW (see Standard Data) and in the number

of dorsal seta. Normally the first three rows of dorsal setae are 2.10.8, as

compared. with 2.8.4 in indica; the second row however, varies somewhat, fre-

quently having 9 setae and occasionally only 8, but these are always in more or

less of a straight line. In indica, however, the dorsal setae are more delicate

and the second seta on each side of the median pair in the second row is so far

in front of the others as to be in line with the scapular setae.

A single specimen from Bandicota bengalensis, Paungde, 8. Burma, Sept.

23rd, 1945 (T. J. Lawrence) had 2 AM setae very close together, and had in

the field erroneously been thought to be a species of Hannemania,

The Bulletin in which this species was described was from the Japanese

Army Institute of Preventive Medicine, Singapore during the Japanese oceupa-

tion of Malaya. It was published in Japanese, but with well recognizable

figures, the name in Latin and certain measurements in arabie figures. I am

indebted to Lt. Col. J, R. Audy for a copy of the Bulletin and a tentative trans-

lation of certain details.

The specimens described were collected, mainly from the ears of Rattus r.

diardi (Jentinck) and R. r. reguei Sodi (R. r. jalorensis (Bonhote)) in a

bathing area of a camp at. Soekaboemi, Java.

At least 200 specimens are referred to, but the location of the type and

paratypes is unknown. In the Summary it is suggested that this species may

be a veetor of ‘‘tropical’’ tsutsugamushi disease.

Scnéneastia (AscoscHONGASTIA) PERAMELES (Wom. 1939).

Neoschéngastia perameles Womersiey 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 68, (2),

160; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, ibid., 67, (1), 122.

Plates 56, fig. GI; 57, fig. A.

This species was described from co-type material from bandicoots, Iscodon

torosus, from Kiamba, Queensland, in June, 1938 (coll. D. J. W. Smith) to-

gether with specimens from the same host from Nambour, Q., May and Sept.

1938, by the same collector. Of this material in the S.A. Musenm, that from

Kiamba has now been divided into a type and 10 paratypes. Additional speci-

mens from the same species of bandicoot were recorded in 1943, from Cairns,

214 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

while in the 8.A. Mus. collection, not previously recorded are specimens from

Yandina, Q, from the same hosts (coll. D.J.W.8., 5 May, 1938). No more re-

cently collected material has been seen. The dorsal scutum is rather character-

istic with PL nearer to Al than to the posterior margin, and not. at the pos-

tero-lateral corners which are well rounded; the scutum is widest posterior of

PL; AL the shortest, PL the longest. The chelicerae are simple with only

the apical tricuspid cap. The galeal setae are nude. The palpal claw is trifur-

cate and all setae on femur, genu and tibia are branched; on femur with 5-6

branches; on genu 2-3; on tibia, ventral with 3 or 4, lateral 2-8 and dorsal 1

or 2 barbs. The dorsal setae number ca. 76, to 32 long and arranged 2.12.12,12

(14),10.10,8.6,2. Ventrally the setae are to 264 long, with 10-12 lying between

coxae ITT.

The Standard Data derived from 45 specimens, including the type and

10 paratypes are;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 63-50-46 3°12+0°33 54°1-72'9 58>8+-70-0 4-9

PW 78°70-44 2°96*0731 69-8-87-6 72-§-8450 317

8B 25-120°23 1-58-0017 20-4-29°8 22:4—28-0 6-3

ASB 28-9+0°20 1-32+0-14 24-9439 +9 28-0-30-8 4-5

PSB 25-80-16 1:05+0-11 2+7-28-9. 25°2-28+0 4-0

8D 54-70-25 1°68+0'18 49 -7+59 +7 53-2-68 +8 3-0

A-P 21-90-23 1-56£0-16 17 +2-26-6 19-6-25-2 7-0

AM 48-20-24 1-32+0-17 44-2-52-1 44-8-50-4 2-7

AL 38-6240-43 2-83240+30 30°1-47 +1 336-420 7:3

PI 74:3250+48 3°0540+34 65 -1-83-5. 70°0-81-2 41

Sene. 42-0 with head 14/28, No variation reeorded.

Remarks. The figure of the dorsal scutum given in the original publication

is not quite correct in the shape posterior of PL. The scutum is as figured in

1943 (loc. cit.) and herewith.

Scudneastia (AscoscHéneastia) sourmis (Wom. and Heasp. 1943).

Neoschéngastia. similis Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe. S, Aust.,

67, (1), 124.

Plate 58, fig. A-H.

This species was originally described from specimens taken from rats at

Cairns, Queensland in 1939 (W. G. Heaslip). In the shape of the seutum

with A-P very short and SB well behind line of PL it is closely related to

8S. (A,) derricki Wom. and Heasp. 1948 and &. (A.) dasycerct (Iirst. 1929), but

agreeing with the first only in having crenulate dorsal striations. From der-

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaAcIFIC ScruB TYPHUS MITES 215

ricki, it ean be distinguished by the fewer dorsal setae which in the second row

are ea. 98% long, in the third vow 70», and in the posterior rows as low as

50n. The palpal claw is trifurcate, not bifurcate, and the setae on the palpal

femur and genu have much fewer but longer branches than in derrich:. In

dasycerci the dorsal setae are more numerous and shorter than in either der-

rickt or similis.

The Standard Data as redetermined for the type and 6 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Neviation Range Range Vuriation

AW 65-50-83 2-20--0-59 58 -9-7242 64,4-70-0 33

PW 87-20-73 1°930+52 §1-4-93+0 84-0-89-6 2-2

SB 34-40-52 1-370°36 30+3-38°5 3346-36:4 40

ASB 22-4 No variation recorded

PSB 28-40-40 1-060: 28 25-2-31+6 28°0-30+8 3°7

8D 50-8+0-40 1-0640+28 47-6-54-0 50+4-53+2 Ql

A-P 16°8 No variation recorded

AM 53-0 Only 1 determination

Al 18-6 No variation recorded

PL 99+2+1-48 3-914+1-04 87°5-110-0 924-1036 39

Sens. 60'0 with head 11-0 wide. Original determination,

ScHéweastia (ASCOSCHGNGASTIA) DERRICKI (Wom. 1939),

Neoschéngastia derrickt Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 68, (2), 162;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, ibid, 67, (1), 124.

Plates 58, fig. F—-I; 59, fig. A.

This. species was described from specimens from Rattus lutreolus and

R. assimilis, from Imbil, Queensland in August, 1988 (D. J. W. Smith). In

the shape and dimensions of the scutum with sensillae bases posterior of line of

PL and the posterior scutal margin an even curve, it is Glosely related to

8. (A.) dasycerci. (Hirst 1929) and 8. (A.) similis (Wom. and Ileasp, 1943).

Together with similis it differs from dasycerci in that the dorsal cuticula stria-

tions are markedly crenulate. From similis it can be distinguished, as given in

the key, in the greater number of dorsal setae, the posterior of which are not

very much shorter than the anterior. The palpal claw is bifureate; the

seta on palpal femur thickly but shortly ciliated, on genn rather less so, and on

tibia the dorsal and lateral are nude and the ventral branched. The dorsal

setac are 2.6.6.6.4.2, to 100u anteriorly and 70, posteriorly. The ventral setae

to 80 long, There is no long nude seta on tarsi TIT. The sensillae are wider

than in similis.

The Standard Data as redetermined for the type and 9 paratypes are:

216 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Standard Theorctieal Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Rauge Variation

AW 68-0+0+43 1-35+0-30 64:+0-72°0 67-2-70°0 2-0

PW 88-750-70 2-230-50 82-05-95-45 84-0-92-4 2-5

SB 34°7+0°46 1+45+0-32 30+4-39-0 33-86-3864 4-2

ASB 25°72 No yariation recorded

PSB 25-2 No variation recorded

8D 50-4 No yariation recorded

A-P 14-0 No variation recorded

AM 52°860-70 4-3541-09 39~-8--65-9 44-8-56°0 8-2

AL 25-7540°70 2-210-49 19-15-3235 22-4-28+0 8-5

PL 86-251:00 3°1840-71 76-7-95-8 84-0-92-4 37

Bens. 42-0 with head 16°8/30°8. No variation recorded,

Scudénecastia (AscoscHOnGastIA) pAsycercr (Hirst 1929).

Schéngastia dasycerct Hirst 1929, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, (2).

Neoschingastia dasycercit, Womersley and Heaslip 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust.,

67, (1), 122.

Plate 59, fig. B-E.

This species was described from the ears of Dasycercus cristicauda, from

Ooldea, South Australia,

The dorsal scutum is as figured with A—P short, and SB behind line of

PL. The sensillae are clavate with prominent setules especially at the base of

the head. AU slightly the shortest, being a little less than AM. The chelicerae

is non-serrate with only the usual apical cap. The palpal claw is trifurcate;

the setae on the palpal femur, genu and tibia are all branched or ciliated. The

dorsal setae number 34, to 50 long and are arranged 2.8,6,6.6.4,2, There are

no long nude setae on tarsi ITI.

The Standard Data as redetermined for 7 of Hirst’s co-types in the South

Australian Museum collection are :

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 55 -6+1-13 2+99-+0-80 46-6-04°6 50+4-58 +38 5-4

PW 65-21-33 3-510-94 54-7-75-7 61-6-70-0 53

8B 23-80-52 1°40+0-+37 19-6-28-0 22-4-B5-2 6-0

ASB 2204 No variation recorded

PSB 20°4+0-52 1-37+0-36 16-3-2465 19 -6-22-4 6-7

SD 42-80-52 1-370-36 a8-7-46-9 42-Q-44°8 3-2

A-P 14-0 No yariation recorded

AM 35-640-80 2-12-0-56 29-3-41-9 33-6-39°2

PL 48-00-40 1-06+0-28 44-8-51-2 47-6-60-4

Al 21°3+0°48 1-07+0-34 18+1-24°5 19 +6=22-4 5:

Sens. 43-940-93 1°6240-66 39-148 '7 42-0-44-8 3

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 217

A single specimen was taken along with 2 specimens of S.(A.) coorangense

(Hirst) from Ratius murrayi var. on Greenly Is,, South Australia, Dec., 1947

(F. J. Mitchell).

Sondneastia (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) TRICHOSURI (Wom, 1939).

Neoschéngastia westraliensis var. trichosuri Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc.

S. Aust., 63, (2), 160.

Neoschéngastia shieldsi Gunther 1941, Proc, Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 56,

(3-4), 157; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc, 8, Aust,, 67, (1),

128.

Neoschéngastia trichosuri, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy, Soc, 8S. Aust.,

67, (1), 122.

Plate 59, fig. FJ,

This species was described from a single specimen, from Nambour, Queens:

land. In 1943, Womersley and Heaslip raised it to specific rank and gave a

much better figure of the dorsal scutum, the figure published in 1939 being in-

correct in the shape of the posterior scutal margin. The unique type has been

remounted and the scutum is now seen to be much as figured in 1943 and to

agree with that figured by Gunther 1941 for his species, shieldsi, described, from

Melomys rubex Thomas, from Bulolo, New Guinea.

The Standard Data for trichosur? as remeasured are now found to be: AW

66-0, PW 95-2, SB 28-0, ASB 30°8, PSB 19-6, SD 50-4, A-P 28-0, AM 43-0,

AL 35-0, PL 56-0. Sens. 40-0 with head 13-0, Those for shteldsi as deduced

afresh from Gunther's data and figures (the types, said to be in the Australian

Museum, Sydney have not been seen) are: AW 62-0, PW 75:0, SB 24:0,

ASB 23-5, PSB 15-5, SD 39-0, A-P 15-0, AM 37-5, AL 45-0, PL 56-0, Sens. —,

The dorsal setae in trichosuri number 34, and are arranged 2.8.6.6.6.4.2,

and measured to 45 long, as shown by Gunther for shteldsi.

In both trichosurt and shieldsi the palpal claw is bifurcate, the setae on

the palpal femur and genu branched (in Gunther’s figure of shieldsi, but in

his text he states ‘“‘on wi. (géenu) two (branched setae) at the base and ene

towards the apex.’’ This is evidently a mistake, for im all known Trombiculidae

there is only a simple seta on this palpal segment, On the palpal tibia the

dorsal ventral and lateral setae ave nude (Gunther only saw the yentral)

(? branched) and one nude seta). The chelicerae are simple with only the

apical cap, and the galeal setae are branched,

218 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

ScHonaastia (AscoscHONGAsTIA) Higstr (Wom. and Heasp, 1943),

Neoschéngastia hirsti Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67,

(1), 128.

Plate 60, fig. A—H,

This species was described from the type and 3 paratypes from Melomvys

cervenipes, trom Imbil, Queensland, (coll. D. J. W. Smith 1938), and two

specimens from rats, from Cairns, Queensland, 1938 (W. G, Heaslip). In

addition I now have another specimen from rat from Wandecla, Q., 24 Jan.,

1945 (R. N, McCulloch),

This species, as given in the key, is closely related S. (A.) trichosuri

Wom. and Heasp. (= shieldst (Guuther)) in having A-P short, SB behind the

line of PL, and the posterior scutal margin being roughly three-sided. From

trichosurt it differs in the rather larger scutum and in having AL setae much

the shortest. The dorsal setae are of the same number and arrangement but

measure to 70” long whereas in trichosuri and according to Gunther’s figures

of shieldsi they do not exceed approximately 45p. The palpal claw is tri-

furcate, and all the setae on femur, genu and tibia strongly ciliated, that.

on the femur being also very long. The chelicerae have only the apical

tricuspid eap and the galeal setae are strongly ciliated. The sensillae are miss-

ing from all specimens,

The Standard Data for the above 7 specimens as remeasured are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 68-41-03 2+7320-73 60-:2-76-6 64-4-72-8 4-0

PW 82-06-80 2+18-+0-57 75+7-88-3 78-4-84-0 2°6

8B 31-6=-0-80 2-12+0-57 25:+3-37-9 28-0-33-6 6-7

A&R 24-80-40 1-06-40 -28 21-6-28-0 22°4-25 +2 4-3

PSB 2844 No variation recorded

8D 47*2--0-40 1-060-28 44+0-50+4 44-8-47-6 2-3

A-P 18°2+0-48 1-28-20 +34 14-4-22-0 16+8-19°2 7-0

AM 45-20-73 1-93-E0-52 39-4-51-0 42°0-47°6 4-3

AL 25-2+0°61 1-62-+0+43 20+4~-30-0 22+4-28-0 6-4

PL 70-4+0:40 1-06+0-28 67 -2-73°6 70-0-72-8 1°5

From the shape and dimensions of the scutum, with SB behind line of PL

and PSB less than A-P, the dorsal setae and the palpal setation, there seems

little doubt but that shields? and trichosuri are synonymous,

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 219

ScHbneastia (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) PHASCOGALE (Wom. and Heasp. 1943),

Neoschingastia phascogale Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soe. 8. Aust.,

67, (1), 127.

Plate 60, fig. FJ.

This species was described from the type and 3 paratypes from a wallaby,

Phascogatle sp., from Brisbane, Queensland, Jan., 1938 (D. J. W. Smith), and

fifteen other specimens from bandicoots, Isoodon torosus, from Cairns

(W. G. Heaslip 1940), and Perameles nasuta, Palm Woods, Queensland, Dec.,

1938 (D.J.W.S.).

As given in the key, this species ig closely related to westraliense Wom.,

trichosurt Wom. and peregrina sp. n, in having the sensillae bases almost in

line with PL. It agrees with the first in having the palpal claw trifurcate and

the galeal setae branched but differs in A-P being much greater than PSB and

in the arrangement of the dorsal setae,

The Standard Data for the nineteen specimens given by Womersley and

Heaslip (1948) treated statistically are:

Standard, Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 71-60-37 1-6380-26 66°7-76°5 68-0-75:0 2-3

PW 83-40°42 1-81+0-29 78-0-88-4 79-0-86-0 22

SB 30-00°23 1-00+0-16 27-0-33.-0 28-0-32-0 3°3

ASB 30-00-27 1-11+0-19 26°7-33-3 27-0-32-0 37

PSB 23-60-16 0-74+0-12 21-4-25-8 22-0-25-0 3-1

8D 53-30-40 1-6540-28 48°6-58-4 49 +0-56-0 3-4

A-P 30-70-39 1-690-27 25-+7-35+7 27-0-35-0 5-5

AM 53-6520- 33 1-37+0-23 49+55-57 - 75 50-0-55-0 2-5

AL 38-40-28 1-14+0+19 35+0-41°8 36-0-49-0 3-0

PL 63-1+0+70 3+020-49 §4-0-72-2 56-0-67-0 4-8

Sens. 42-60+68 2+73+0-+48 34-4--50+8 36+0-48-0 6-4

with head 12:0 wide.

ScHonecastia (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) WESTRALIENSIS (Wom. 1934).

Schéngastia westraliense Womersley 1934, Rec. 8. Aust. Mus., 5, (2), 215.

Neoschingastia westraltensis Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8.

Aust., 67, (1), 122.

Plate 61, fig. A-H.

This species is still only known from the original material, one slide con-

taining about 17 specimens taken from the ears of a cat at Greenbushes, West-

ern Australia, 11 Aug., 1931 (coll. H.W.),

220 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The dorsal scutum is as figured with PL the longest. The posterior margin

of the scutum is roughly 3-sided with the median part lightly concave. The

sensillae are clavate with distinct setules, and their bases practically in line with

PL, The chelicerae are simple with only the apical tricuspid cap, The galeal

setac are distinctly branched or ciliated. Eyes 2-+-2, posterior the smaller.

The palpi are stout, with the tibial claw trifurcate. The setae on the palpal

femur and genu are strongly branched; on the tibia the dorsal and lateral

nude, ventral branched, The dorsal setae number 34, and are arranged

2,8.6.6,6(4) 4(6).2, to 56, long.

The Standard Data for 15 of the specimens as remeasured are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 82-90-63 2-4640°45 755-90 -3 75+6-84-0 3-0

PW 99-9-60°63 2430144 92-6-107-2 95 -2-103+6 2-4

8B 36° 140743 1-6840-31 31-1-41-1 33°>6-89+2 4°6

ASB 30-420.25 0+95+0-17 27-6-3342 28-0-20°8 3-1

PSB 84+840°25 0-950°17 22°0-27-6 224-25 +2 3-8

8D 55°20°40 1-5440+28 50+6-59-8 50 -4—56-0 2°8

A-P 26-520+45 1-73%0-32 21-5-31°7 25°2-80°8 6-5

AM 53-44+0-84 2-90+0-59 44-7-62-1 47 -6-56°0 5-4

AL 48-1+0°54 2-090+38 41-8-54-4 44-+8-50-4 4:3

PL 79°50°70 2-6840'49 71-5-87-5 75-6-84-0 3-3

Sens. 42-0 with head 14-0 wide, No variation recorded.

ScHoneastiA (AScOSCHONGASTIA) PEREGRINA sp. N.

Plate 61, fig. F—J.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval, Length (wnengorged) to 450y, width

to 375u. Seutum large and roughly trapezoidal, with the posterior margin fairly

deep behind line of PL and slightly sinuous or concave medially; sensillae bases

only slightly behind PL and A—P longer than PSB; AL the shortest, PL the

longest; sensillae clavate with strong setules. Chelicerae simple with only the

usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Eyes 2-+- 2, the posterior the

smaller. Palpi stout, tibial claw bifureate; seta on both femur and genn strongly

branched ; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral strongly branched. Dorsal

setae 34, arranged 2.8.6.6,6,4,2 to 60. long. Ventrally with a pair of ciliated

setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between

coxae III, and behind coxae IIT with ea. 6.4.6.4.8.6.4.4 setae to 40» long, Legs =

I 310. long, Il 270p, IIT 330,; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod, IIT

without any long nude seta,

2aZ RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 62-0--1:73 3° 0041+ 22 53*0-+71-0 §9*0-65:0 4+8

PW — 78-0153 2+G441-08 70. 1-85°9 75+0-80°0 3-4

SB 29-0 No variation recorded

ASB 26°741-33 2310-94 19-833 -6 24-+0-28-0 86

PSB 23-70-33 0:58+0-23 22-0-28-4 23+G-24+0 2-4

SD 60-31-20 2-08+0:85 44-1-56°5 48°0-52°0 4-0

A-P 36°0+0-82 1-4140°58 B1-8-40-2 34-0-38-0 3-9

AM 46°0 No variation recorded

Aj, 33-00-58 1-000'41 20+0-36-0 32-0-34-0 3-0

PL 49°0 No variation recorded

Sens. 39-30-33 0-5840-23 37-6-41-0 39-0-40-0 1:5

with head 13-0 wide.

SoHONGASTIA (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) TRAUBI sp. 1.

Plate 62, fig, FI.

Description of Larvae, Shape almost round. Length (unengorged) 195p,

width 1624. Sentum as figured, almost rectangular; PL setae the shortest, AM

the longest. SB rather wide apart and about the midline of the scutum; sen-

sillae rather narrowly clavate and ciliated. Byes 2+ 2. Chelicerae non-serrate,

with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi with bifurcate

tibial claw; all setae of femur, genu and tibia apparently nude. Dorsal setae ou

distinct platelets, ca. 38 in number, to 30. long, shortly ciliated and arranged

2.6.2.6.8.8.4.2. Ventrally with a pair of branched maxillary setae, a ciliated

seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter

ca. 40 setae in rows of 12 to 6, followed by 8 to 10 setae on platelets as on the

dorsum. Legs: fairly stout, 1 7-segmented and 220% long, IJ and III 6-seg-

mented and 195. and 245, respectively ; no long nude seta on tarsi IIL.

The Standard Data derived from the type and 3 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 63-00-81 1+62=-0-57 §8-2-67-8 61-6—64-4 2-5

PW 75*950-35 0-70%0-25 73-85-78 -05 75-6-77-0 0-9

sB 87-820°81 1-62-0-57 33+0—42°6 36+4-39°2 43

ASE 28-0 No varistion recorded

PSB 25-2 No variation recorded

sD 58:2 No yariation recorded

A-P 37-8+0°81 1*6220-57 33-0-42°6 36-4-39°2 4-3

AM 42:0 No variation recorded

AL 34-8+0°76 1-51+0-53 30-3-39+3 33-6364 43

PL 22+4 No variation recorded

Sens, 47-6 by 6-0 wide. One determination only.

Loc. and Host. The type and 3 paratypes (No. 3,969, ex Suncus sp.) from

Shingbwiyang, Burma, 23 Oct., 1945 (coll. R. Traub and D, D. Millspaugh for

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 221

The Standard Data for the type and 5 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 79-30-59 1-4520-42 75-0-83-6 78-4-81-2 1-8

PW 99-2+0-56 1:38+0-40 95-1-103 +3 98+0-100-8 1-4

8B 35-9240-47 1-140-33 33-5-39-3 » 33-6-36°0 3-2

ASB 30+320-47 1-14+0-33 26-9-33-7 28-+0-30-8 3-8

PSB 20-10-47 1-14+0:33 16-7-23-5 19+ 6-224 57

8D 50+4 No variation recorded :

A-P 25+3 No variation recorded

AM 47-6 No variation recorded

AL 40-60-95 2+3440+67 33:6-47°6 36-442-0 5°8

PL 70-10-67 1-65-£0-47 65+ 2-75-0 67 °G-72-8 2°38

Sens, 44-3 with head 11-2. No variation reeorded.

Loc. The type and five paratypes from boots, Johnston’s Pass, Wongabel,

Queensland, Feb., 1945 (R. N, McCulloch).

Remarks. In the shape and dimensions of the scutum and the dorsal setae

this species is near to 8, (A,) westraliensis (Wom.) but differs in the bifurcate

palpal claw, and the nude galeal setae,

ScHongast1a (AscoscHOnGastIA) HEASLIPI (Wom. and Heasp. 1943).

Neoschéngastia heaslipi Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soc. 8. Aust.,

67, (1), 120.

Plate 62, fig. A-H.

This species which was described from the type and two paratypes from

rats from Intake, Cairns, Queensland (coll. 1940, W.G.H.), is distinguished from

all others in the genus Schéngastia, except traubi sp. n. in that the dorsal setae

arise from the centre of small platelets, the diameters of which are approxi-

mately half the length of the setae,

The dorsal scutum is as figured with the posterior margin only moderately

deeper behind PL and only lightly concave medially; sensillae clavate, setulose

and their bases in front of line of PL. The PL setae are the longest and AL

the shortest but all sental setae are subequal. The palpal claw is trifurcate; the

seta on femur with 4 or 5 branches, on genu with apparently only 2 branches,

and all 3 setae on tibia nude; on the palpal tarsus the sub-basal sensory rod is

exceptionally long. The dorsal setae number 54, each one on a separate small

plate, arranged 2.6.8.8.8.4.6.6.4.2, and from 27 to 524 long. Leg 1 7-segmented,

II and III 6-segmented, as in oudemanst Walch.

The Standard Data for the type and 2 paratypes as given by Womersley

and Heaslip 1943 and treated statistically are as follows:

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Pactric Scrup TYPHUS MITES 223

U.S.A. Typhus Commission). Also 2 specimens from Ratius sabanus, from

Ulu Langat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya, 5 Dee., 1949 (J_R, Audy).

Remarks, This species is very closely related to S. (A.) heaslipi Wom. and

Heasp. 1943 in having the dorsal setae arising from distinct platelets. It differs

however, in having only a bifurcate palpal claw, nude setae on palpal femur and

gemu, and in having some of the posterior ventral setae also on platelets. To-

gether with heaslipi it agrees with §. (.4.) oudemansi in having the femora of

legs II and III undivided and it also resembles oudemansi in the shape of the

scutum and the short PL setae, but differs in the non-serrate chelicerae and the

dorsal platelets.

Scuéneastia (ASCOSCHGNGASTIA) LAWRENCEI nom. nov,

Neoschéngastia guntheri Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust.,

67, (1), 126, (preoc. Radford 1942).

Plate 63, fig. A-E.

As the specific name guntheri was used by Radford 1942 (Parasitology) for

a species of Neoschdngastia (Ascoschingastia) from Colorado, the name of the

Australian species is now changed to lawrence: in honour of Dr. F. R, Law-

rence, Director of the Natal Museum.

The dorsal scutum is as figured, with posterior margin fairly deep behind

line of PL and slightly coneave medially ; the sensillae are clavate with promi-

nent setules, and their bases in front of line of PL; AL is slightly the shortest

and PL the longest. The ehelicerae are simple with only the apical tricuspid

cap. Galeal setae long, slender end nude. Palpi stout, with trifureate tibial

claw; setae on femur and genu branched, on tibia all 3 setae nude. Dorsal

setae numerous, ca, 80 in number, arranged 2,12.12.12.12.10.8.6.4.2, to 75p long.

Tarsi ITI without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the 17 specimens as given by Womersley and Heaslip

1948 treated statistically are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Ranga Variation

AW 77-66-50 2-060-35 71-4-83-8 75-0-81-0 2-7

PW 97-20-59 2-44240-42 89:9-104-5 94*0-108-0 2-5

SB 31-40-23 0-938-+0-16 28+6+34 +2 30+0-32" 0. 3-0

ASB 30-10-54 2-22+0-38 23+4-36°8 27-0-35.0 7-4

PSB 27-10-47 1:930-33 21-+3-32-9 24-0-32-0 Tel

8D 57-20-78 3-2340°55 48°+3-66°9 54:0-64-0 5-6

A-P 32-20-48 1:98-50-34 26-3-38+1 27-0-36-0 6-0

AM 57-0+0°82 3+16+0'58 47°5-66°5 49-0-60-0 5-5

ALi 39+70-38 1-320-23 BG7—-43-7 37-0-41'0 3-3

PL 67-2240°40 1-67+0-29 §2+2-72+2 65~-0-70-0 2-5

Sens. 51-8+0729 16]720+21 48+3-55°3 49-0-54<0 a2

with head 12-0 wide.

224 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

This species was described from the type and 18 paratypes from a rat from

Cairns, Queensland (1939-40, W.G.H.) and in the South Australian Museum

collection is another slide of 6 specimens from a rat from Wongabel, Q., Feb.,

1945 (R.N.McC.).

Its relationship to other species is best seen from the key. It is close to

wongabelensis sp. u., smithi, and cairnsensis in having SB in front of PL, but

differs in the more numerous dorsal setae and other details.

Tt is renamed in honour of Dr. R. F. Lawrence, Director of Natal Museum.

Scuénaastia (AscOscHONGASTIA) WONGABELENGIS sp. 2.

Plate 63, fie, F—J.

Description of Larvae, Shape oval. Length (engorged) 450,, width 230,.

Seutum large as figured, finely and indistinctly punctate, anterior margin

lightly sinuous; posterior margin rounded laterally and flattened medially and

fairly deep behind line of PL; AL very short, PL the longest; sensiliae fairly

widely clavate with prominent setules, and the sensillae bases well in front of

PL. Hyes 2-+ 2, on distinct ocular shields, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae

simple, with only the apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout,

with trifurcate tibial claw; setae on palpal femur with many long branches;

seta on genu with 1 long branch; on tibia all three setae nnde; tarsi with 4 or

5 ciliated setae and the usual basal and subapical sensory rods, Dorsal setae

tapering and ciliated to 45. long, 20-22 in number and arranged 2.6.6(4).4(6).

2,2(0), Ventrally with the usual pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on

each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae LI, and thereafter ca. 40,

arranged (8.6.8.8,6.2.2.2, to 204 long. Legs: I 210. long, Il 200,, TIT 250,;

tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal sensory rod; III without any long nude

seta.

The Standard Data for the type and four paratypes and six other speci-

mens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 74-60-57 1-890-40 68-9-80-+3 72+8-78+4 2+5

PW 102-30+44 1460-31 97-9-106+7 100 -8-103 -6 1-4

8B 45-60-55 1-8140-39 40-2-50'8 42-50-47 :-6 4-0

ASB 31+3+0-34 1130-24 28°9-34-7 30°8-33°6 3:6

PSB 41-00-43 1-41+0-30 36+8—45<2 39-2-42-0 3-4

8D 72+30-66 B-10¢0-45 66-0-78-6 70°0-75°6 239

A-P 45-30-74 2-45+0-52 38-0-52-6 47-047 -6 5-4

AM 43°2+0-57 1+50-40-40 38+ 7-47-7 42«0-44-8 3:5

AL 24-10-46 1°450+32 19-8-38-4 20 -4-25-2 6-0

PL 51+23240-+55 1°81+0+39 45-8+-56°6 47-6-53-2 3:5

Bens. 44-8 with head 16-8 wide. No variation recorded..

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 225

Loc. and Host. The type and 5 paratypes from a water rat from Wonga-

bel, Q,, Feb., 1945 (R. N. McCulloch), and 5 other specimens from the same

locality, host?, Peb., 1945 (R.N.Mc.).

Remarks. A characteristic species separated as in the key.

Scuinaastia (AscoscHénaastia) smrrurt (Wom. 1939).

Neoschongastia smithi Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. §. Aust., 63, (2), 164;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, ibid, 67, (1), 127.

Plate 65, fig. A-D.

No further specimens of this species, described from Rattus assimilis, from

Imbil, Queensland, have been seen. |

In the key it is closely related 8. (A.) cairnsensis from which it differs in

the number of dorsal setae and the branched galeal setae,

The dorsal setae number 46, and are arranged 2.8.8,8.8.6.4.2. The dorsal

seutum is deep behind Pl with A-P approximately equal to PSB.

Otiginally known from the type and 2 paratypes, only the type now exists,

‘but the Standard Data as given by Womersley and Heaslip in 1943 for: the

three specimens ‘and treated statistically are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 70-0 No variation recorded

PW 81:0 No variation recorded

8B 27-0 No variation recorded

ASB 300 No variation recorded

PSB 24-0 No variation recorded

8D 54-0 No variation recorded

A-P 29°7—E1-46 2°5141:03 22-1-37-3 27-0-32-0 8-5

AM 83-01-15 2-00+0-31 47+0-59+0 51L:0-55-0 3-8

Al 34°7+1°76 3-0541-25 25-6-43-8 32-0-38-0 8:9

PL 63-01-58 1-00+0-41 60-0-66-0 62+0-64-0 1:6

Sche. 43-0 Only one determination.

ScHoneastia (ASCOSCHONGASTIA) RAUI sp, n.

Plate 64, fig. A—D.

Description of Larvae. Shape an elongate oval with slight tendency when

unfed to a constriction posterior of coxae IIT. Colour reddish. Length (only

lightly fed) 195y, width 1622. Scutum as figured with anterior margin sinuate,

posterior margin shallowly rounded. Sensillae clavate on the distal half, with

apex of elub somewhat flattened, bases wide apart and in front of line of

PL; sensillary club either nude or only indistinctly setulose; ordinary scutal

setae shortly and indistinctly ciliated. Eyes 2+ 2, close to postero-lateral

226 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusEuUM

corners of scutum. Chelicerae simple with only the apical tricuspid cap.

Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout with bifurcate tibial claw; setae on palpal

femur, genu and tibia apparently nude. Dorsal setae tapering shortly ciliated,

28 in number, to 36x long, and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2. Ventrally with a pair of

ciliated setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and

between coxae III and thereafter ca, 30 setae only slightly shorter than dorsal,

Legs all 7-segmented, I 227p long, IT 195p, III 227; tarsi I and II with dorsal

sensory rod, III without any long nude seta.

The Staudard Data for the type and 3 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Rauge Variation

AW 62+30-70 1-40+0-49 58-1-66°5 61°6-64-4 8-2

PW 86-10-76 1-40-0-49 81-9-90°3 84-0-86-8 1:6

8B 30-8 No variation recorded

ASB 25°2 No variation recorded

PSB 25-2 No variation recorded

8D 50-4 No variation recorded

A-P 23-80-81 1:6140-57 19-0-28:6 22-4-25-2 6-5

AM 39-21-14 3-280:81 32-4-46°0 36-4-42-0 5-8

AL 27-10-93 1'$62+0°66 223-319 25-2-28+0 a-9

PL 412-321°34 2°6820-95 33-2-49+4 39-2~44°8 6°5

Seng. 47°6 with head 8-4/19‘6. No variation recorded,

Loc. and Host. The type and three paratypes from beneath the belly

seales of a skink Leiolopisma guichenoti Dumeril and Bibron from Middle

River, Kangaroo Is., South Australia (coll. A. Rau, March, 1950).

Kemarks. The relationship of this species is best seen from the key. The

form of the sensillae is somewhat unusual. It is named after the finder of the

host.

ScHéneastia (Ascoscudngastia) CAIRNSENSIS (Wom. and Heasp. 1943).

Neoschongastia cairnsensis Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust,,

67, (1), 128.

Plate 65, fig, FJ.

This species is very common and widely distributed in Queensland and

was recorded by Womersley and Heaslip 1943, from bandicoots, /soodon torasus

Jairns, 1939 (W.G.H:) and Brisbane, 1938 (W.G.H.) and from Cowan Cowan

1939 (D. J. W. Smith); also from rats from Caims 1939 (W.G.H.), from

Rattus assimilis, and FR. lutreolus; and from R. youngi from Cowan Cowan 1938

(D.J.W.8.).

Of this original material, that from bandicoots from Brishane, 1938

(W.G.H.) comprising 8 specimens is regarded as the type series, consisting of

the type and 7 paratypes,

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

227

The palpal claw is trifurcate, and the seta on palpal femur 4-5 branched,

on genu 1-2 short branches, on tibia all 3 setae nude. The chelicerae are simple

with only the apical tricuspid cap, and the galeal setae are nude. The dorsal seu-

tum is as figured, with the posterior margin rather shallow behind PL and lightly

concave medially; the lateral margins are lightly concave; the sensillae are

somewhat broadly clavate, with pronounced setules, and their bases in front of

line of PL. The dorsal setae number 32, to 70» long, and arranged 2.6,6.6.6.4.2.

The Standard Data shows rather a large variation and for 62 specimens

of the original material are as follows:

ASB

Mean

56-20°31

82°8+0-62

29-520 +27

29-50-19

20°2+0°+16

49-70-26

33°740°29

40-90-24

31-20-29

51-250-37

37+5-b0°91

Standard

Deviation

2°4640-22

4-91-0-44

2°10%0-19

1480-13

1-270-11

2-050-18

3:17+0+65

with head 14:0 wide.

var, GATERT (Wom. and Heasp, 1943).

Theoretical

Range

48-8-63°6

68 -4-97+5

23+4-35-8

25°1-33 +9

16-4-24-0

43°5-55-9

26-9-40-5

35" 6-46 -2

245-379

42-95-59 -55

28+ 0-470

Observed

Range

50:4-61-6

72+8-98-0

25-2-36-4

25+2-30°8

19 +6-25.-2

44+8-56-0

28-0-39-2

36" 4-44-83

28-0-86-4

44: 8-56-0

33-6-42-0

Coeff. of

Variation

7-1

5-0

6-3

4-2

4-3

5e4

8-4

Neoschangastia cairnsensis v. gateri Womersley and Heaslip 1948, Tr. Roy, Soe.

S. Aust., 67, (1), 129.

Cairns, 1939 (W.G.IIL.) are:

ASB

PSB

A-P

Sens.

Mean

69-41-05

99-7+4-21

35+80'56

31-90-69

25-2

57+*120-69

39-2--1°53

42-741-34

31-20-56

55-3+2-65

a9-2 with head 14-0 wide.

Plate 65, fig. K.

This was recorded as a variety of cairnsensis only differing in the larger

dorsal seutum.

The Standard Data of the type and 4 of the five paratypes from rats at

Standard Theoretical

Deviation. Range

2+342h0+74 62-4-76-4

9-4142-+98 71+5-127'9

1:25+0739 32-0-89-6

1-58+0°+48 27-3-36-5

No yariation recorded

4°5380-48 52°5-61-7

3-42+1-08 29-Q-49+4

2+ 680-95 34-7-50-7

1°26+0:40 27-4-35-0

§-3041-87 39-4-71-2

Only one determination.

Observed

Range

47 +2-72-8

89-f-112-0

83-6-36-4

30°8-33 +6

56+0-58-8

33-642 "0

39-2448

30+8-33 6

47 -6-58+8

Coeff. of

Variation

B-4

2a.

RECORDS OF THE. S.A. MUSEUM

Key to the Larval Species of SCHONGASTIA Ouds, 1910.

Chelicerae serrate on dorsal (inner) margin ., 2

Subgen. Schingastia s 8. str. “Ewing 1946.

Chelicerae non-serrate on dorsal margin .. 14

Subgen. Ascoschingastia “Ewing 1946.

. All legs 7-segmented, i.e. femora secondarily subdivided. Tarsi III

with a long outstanding nude seta, except in oculicola sp. u. .. 3

Legs H and III 6-segmented, femur not subdivided, Tarsi IIT with-

out any long nude seta. Seutum trapezoidal with posterior aan

shallow behind line of PL. os 2a

Seutum smaller. Sensillae clavate, Ds 30 “A satimibiee, arvangel

2.6,6,6,6.4,

AW 51-4+9-8, PW 66-1+7:0, SB 30-65+5-55, ASB 25-6,

PSB 19-45+2- 2, SD 45-2+2-8, "A-P 34-0+2+2, AM 34°7+3°6,

AL 22:652+3-75, PL 13-55+3+35, Sens. 38°0 with head 9-6 wide,

Schan., (Schén.) oudemansi (Walch 1928).

= impar Gunther 1939.

= bodensis Gunther 1940,

Scutum larger, Sensillae ? DS 42 in number, arranged 2.6,6,6.6,-

6.4.4.2 to 45y long.

AW 68:0+4-8, PW 86-0+18-5, SB 38-4, ASB 35-2+7-8, PSB

22-4, SD 57-6+7°8, A-P 44-8-+-7-8, AM 84+4+4-8, AT 35-2,

PL 36: “04-8, Sens. ? Schén. (Schon. ) Tewthwaitei sp. n,

. Palpal claw trifureate ..- = ¢s ie 4 wt ¥. 7

Palpal claw bifureate ad 5 “A be an ats ie 4

. Bensillae bases in line with or slightly in advance of PL. Scutum

hexagonal, Sensillae globose .. ot 7” tae 5

Sensillae bases placed well behind line of PL . at 1: th 6

. Sensillae nude or only indistinctly villous under oil immersion.

Seutum larger, DS ea. 2.10.8(10).2.10.6.6.4.2(4) — 50-54.

AW 66°9+9-9, PW 88:65+13°65, SB 25-8+2-5, ASB 35-5

+2-9, PSB 28- 12: 2, SD 64-1+3-5, A-P 31- T+3- 4, AM 37:3

a4: 9, AU 77-8+9-8, PL. 58°1+4:4, Sens. 32-1-+1-6 ‘with head

16/19. Schon. (Schiin.) vandersandet Ouds. 1905.

Sensillae distinctly setulose, Scutum smaller. DS ea. 2.8.10.10.6.2

= 38.

AW 53-1+8:-4, PW 70-0+6: ‘1, SB 20-5+-0, ASB 27-0+4-2,

PSB 22-55+1- 85, SD 49 sare -8, A-P 23-724-1, AM 27°8+6-1,

AL 54-4+8-4, PL 43-1+9-9, Sens 32-0 with head 12+8/19+2.

Schan. (Schin.) schuffnert (Walch 1923).

10.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 229

, Seutum hexagonal, but A-P shorter than the postero-lateral sides.

DS ¢a, 2,10.2,13.2.14,12.12,8.4 — ea. 80.

AW 62:4+2:5, PW 79-0, SB 21-2+1-3, ASB 35-0, PSB 23-5,

SD 58:5, A-P 23-5, AM 41-0+4-2, AL 77-6+10-2, PL 57-0+7°3,

Sens. 35-0 with head 15/19,

Schin. (Schén.) taylori Gunther 1940.

Scutum not hexagonal, posterior margin deep behind line of PL and

strongly evenly rounded. A-P approx. 1-3rd the seutal depth.

DS 2.8.8.8.6.4 = 36,

AW 50-4+4-8, PW 64:0, SB 18:0+4-6, ASB 25-6, PSB 22-4,

SD 48-0, A=P 14-445- 6, ‘AM 34-4-49- 2, AL 56:8+4: 8, PL 49-6

+56, Sens. 32-0 with head 16/22.

Schan, (Schén.) whartent sp. 1.

Seutum pentagonal 3. os “ ot if mt, a 8

Scutum not pentagonal .. hy te As 4 ee 7 9

Sensillae clavate. Scutal and dorsal setae relatively short, rod-like,

with short ciliations. Chelicerae with only two strong teeth on dorsal

margin, All palpal setae on femur, genu and tibia nude. DS ea.

2.10(8).6.6.4 = 30-82.

AW 53:55+5-25, PW 69:7+3-9, SB 22-0+3-5, ASB 22:8+3:-4,

PSB 22:4, SD 45-2—3-4, A-P 26-8+5-0, AM 16:0, AL 28-8,

PL 32:0, Sens, 32-8+4-8 with head 6-0 wide.

Schén, (Schén.) bidentata sp. n.

Sensillae globose. Settal and dorsal setae normal with long cilia-

tions. Chelicerae with more than two teeth. Seta on palpal femur

branched, on genu nude. DS 2.8.6.6.4.4.2 = 32.

AW 53:8+6-4, PW 73-0+6-9, SB 19-7+1-2, ASB 26-2+1-1,

PSB 26-923: 2, SD 53-1+2-1, A-P 30-841: 1, AM 28-2-+5-6,

AL 60-8+13:8, PL 50-7+6"6, Sens, 39-323+ 0 with head 15/19.

Schin. (Schdn.) vieta Gater 1932,

Scutum hexagonal with the antero- and postero-lateral sides about

equal, posterior side lightly concave .. ite ron G .. 10

Scutum not hexagonal .. ys a3 wl be be ., 12

Seta on palpal genu nude. Chelicerae rather short and curved. DS

ca. 2.8.6.6.4(4),2 — 28-32.

AW 48-6+7:5, PW 69°6+2-7, SB 18-4+2-+7, ASB 24-0, PSB

21-0, SD 45:°0, A-P 23-6+2- 7, AM 22:2-4: "9, AL 59-2+3-3,

PL 42. 6+7°5, Sens, 30-0 with head 15/18,

Schén. (Schén,) phipi Wom. and Kohls, 1947

Seta on palpal genu branched. Chelicerae longer and straighter.

DS 50 to 64 in number, _ 54 ‘4 ns = ee al

230

11.

13.

14.

RECORDS OF THE 5.A. MUSEUM

Seutal and setae on palpal femur and genu only short branched. No

erescent in front of each sensilla base. Sensillae bases nearer to one

another than they are distant from each PL. DS ea, 2.12.8.8.10.8.4.2

= 54. (QGunther gives 64.)

AW 65-7+7°7, PW 86-0+10-0, SB 25-9+2-8, ASB 32-8+5:0,

PSB 27-0+5-2, SD 59:8+5°6, A-P 30-4+4-8, AM 34-9+5: 9,

AL 67-1+9-0, PL 61-35-£7-2 2, ‘Sens. 33-5-4- “6, ‘with head 19/19.

Schon. (Schén.) blestowei Gunther 1939.

Seutal and setae on palpal femur and genu long branched. A dis-

tinct erescent in front of each sensilla base. Sensillae bases as far

apart, or slightly more, than they are distant from each PL. DS ea.

2.12(14).12(10).12.10. 6.2 — 56.

AW 57-7+5°8, PW 80+3+5-2, SB 32-2+2-4, ASB 30-2+6-2,

PSB 23-043: 3, SD 53-2-4-4, 'A-P 24-4-+7- 1, "AM 38: 5543-15,

AL 67:65+9- 35, PL 57: 2-6: 0, Sens, 33- -15+8-3 with head

19/20.

Schon. (Schén.) blestowei var. megapodius Wom, and Heasp. 1943.

Lateral parts of posterior scutal margin almost in line with PL and

lightly concave, middle part strongly convex and deeper behind line of

PL. Sensillae globose, ciliated, apparently with only short peduncles,

and their bases placed well in ‘advarice of PL. Seta on palpal femur

with only a few indistinct branches, on genu nude. Chelicerae short

and stumpy. DS fine, tapering, with indistinct short ciliations, ea.

2,.4.4.8,8,6,.4,2 =38,

AW 44-8, PW 70-4, SB 16:0, ASB 22-4, PSB 19-2, SD 41-6,

A-P 28-8, AM 16-0, AL 36- 0, PL 48-0, Sens. 22-0 with head

16/16. ‘Schin. (Schdén.) oculicola sp, n-

All the posterior scutal margin deep behind line of Pl, laterally

rounded and medially straight .. ¥ ee a

Seutum much wider than long. Setae on femur and genu of palpi

with only a few short indistinct branches. DS 2.8.6.6.6.4.2 —34,

AW 57:0+14-2, PW 78:1+10-9, SB 22-4, ASB 25-6, PSB

23:05+2:-65, 8D 48°65+42'65, A-P 28-8, AM 26-2+4- 3, AL

66-1489, PL 53-943-2, Sens. 35:2 with head 13/19.

Schon, (Schén.) pseudoschuffneri (Walch 1927)-

Scutum not much wider than long, almost quadrate, with strong

punctations, Setae on palpal femur and genu more distinctly and

longer branched. DS 2.8.6.6.6.4.2.2 — 36.

AW 51-2, PW 66-0, SB 16-0, ASB 25-6, PSB 25-6, SD 51-2,

A-P 28-8, AM 28: 8, AL 54-4, PL 48-0, Sens. 32-0 with head

15/20. Schin, (Schén,) maldiviensis (Radford 1946).

Some or all dorsal setae as well as Pl and sometimes AL or AM

foliate. foliata group 15

All scutal and dorsal setae normal and non-foliate S, we ee LO

16.

17.

18.

19.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TyPHUS MITES 231

Galeal setae ciliated or branched. Dorsal scutum with posterior cor-

ners well rounded. PL nearer to AL than to posterior margin. Sen-

sillae bases behind line of PL. Only PL and all DS exeept posterior

two rows long and foliate with small serrations or denticles, Palpal

claw trifurcate, all setae on femur, genu and tibia strongly branched.

DS 38, arranged 2.8.6.6.6,6.2.2 to Bu long.

AW 70-4, PW 84:3+5°6, SB 32-0+9°6, ASB 28-8, PSB 24-5,

+2-8, SD 52:3+7-3, A-P 16-0, AM 54-4, AL 25-6, PL 81-1+

5:6, Sens. —. Schin. (Ascoschén,) pseudomys sp. 1.

Galeal setae nude .., oie Hs - 46

Scutum relatively deep behind line of Ph. Sens, bases slightly be-

hind line of PL. All dorsal setae as well as AL and PL very broadly

foliate with long and strong denticles or teeth. Palpal claw trifur-

cate; setae on palpal femur ‘and genu branched; on tibia all 3 appar-

eutly nude, DS 26 in number, arranged 2.6.6.6.4.2, and to 48-60u

long. Sensillae capitate and apparently nude.

AW 60-0, PW 85-0, SB 24-0, ASB 30:0, PSB 21:0, SD 51-0,

A-P 29-0, AM 21-0, AL 42-0, PL 56-0, Sens. 32-0.

Schon. (Ascoschén.) mecullocht (Wom. 1944),

Scutum not so deep behind PL. Sens. bases well in front of line of

PL. Foliate setae with smaller denticles .. : ae 17

AH DS foliate with the denticles longer. AL and PL foliate. Patpal

claw bifureate, all setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia apparently

nude. DS 28, to 64» long and arranged 2.6.6.6.6.2, Sens. 28 with

head 17/17 and apparently mide.

AW 50-6+14-8, PW 69-5+6-9, SB 19:0+4-2, ASB 21:0, PSB

18-0, SD 39:0, A-P 21-6436, AM 16-544-9, AL 49-5+4-9,

PL 60:0+4:8, Sens. 28-0 with head 17/17, (After Wom. and

Kohls). Sehdn, (Ascoschén.) uromys (Wom, and Kohls 1947).

All DS foliate except outer members of posterior 3 rows, denticles

shorter and more in the nature of ciliations, Only PL of seuntum

foliate. Palpsl claw trifureate; setae on femur and genu ciliated;

on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral branched. Sens. capitate,

with fine short setules.

AW 53-0, PW 70:0, SB 17-5, ASB 19-5, PSB 17-5, SD 37-0,

A-P 25:0, AL 57-0, PL 86-0, Sens. 28-0, (after Gunther).

Schon. (Ascoschén.) foliata (Gunther 1940),

Sensillae globose .. Ve 4 da -. os it 19

Sensillae clavate, sometimes broadly so, or lanceolate .. ra -. ~4l

Sensillae bases very close together, not more than 15, or 16 apart.

globulare group 2)

Sensillae bases widely separated .. 4 ot bs 5

. PL the longest 4 Ki 2 se .4 # in ts 2]

AL the longest rf “e a4 avs vk a4 os be 22

232

21,

23.

24.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Sensillae bases in front of line of PL. Posterior scutal margin shallow

behind PL. PL longer than PW. Coxae III I-setose. Sens. nude.

DS 2.10.8.6.6.4.2 = 38.

AW 41-942-7, PW 64-0, SB 12-5+1-8, ASB 22:4, PSB 11-6+

3:0, 8D 34-0+-3°0, A-P 31-5+2:4, AM 29-445°8, AL 63:4

8-4, PL 70-9+:8-3, Sens. 35-2 with head 19-6/22-4.

Schdn, (Ascoschdn.) signata sp. n.

Sensillae bases behind line of PL, Posterior scutal margin as even

curve and deeper behind line of PL. PL about as long as PW.

Coxae III 3(4)-setose.

AW 57‘6, PW 73:6, SB 11-2, ASB 22-4, PSB 12-8, SD 35-2,

A-P 22: 4, AM 2, AL ?, PL ?, "Sens. 25-0 with head 15/19 (after

Walch). Schén. (Ascoschén.) globulare (Walch 1927).

Coxae III 1-setose. Sens. bases posterior of PL - ., ss 238

Coxae LIT multisetose ei wt rm : ; ; 24

Dorsal setae ca. 86, and to 40-50» long. All setae on saipid tibia

branched or ciliated.

AW 52:346-5, PW 63°6+5-7, SB 9-6+2-7, ASB 24°3+3°8

PSB 8:5+2-8, SD 32-8+3:8, "A-P 19-743: 3, AM 22°5+49-1

AL 45-5+4-6, PL 34-3+7°5, "Sens, 24-6-11-1,

Schén. (Ascoschén.) kohlsi Philip and Woodward 1946.

Dorsal setae more than 110, and to 28, long. All 3 setae on palpal

tibia branched,

AW 59-0, PW 70-0, SB 10-0, ASB 28-0, PSB 14+0, SD 42-0,

A-P 18-0, AM 24- 0, AL 42-0, #h 31-0, Sens. 30:0 with head

18/18. Schan. (Ascoschén.) comata sp. n.

Coxae III 2-setose. Posterior scutal margin deep and 3-sided. Sens.

bases behind line of PL. Palpal claw trifureate, all setae ciliated.

Galeal setae nude. DS 38 in number, ta 38u long and arranged

2.8.6.6.8.4.2.2,

AW 57-1+8-0, PW 70-9+8-0, SB 9-2+2-1, ASB 25-6, PSB

12:8, SD 38-4, A-P 17:8+4-3, AM 32-345-2, AL 06-1+6-6,

PL 45-6+4-3, Sens, 28-8 with head 16/19.

Schon. (Ascoschiin.) lanius (Radford 1946).

Coxae III 3~5-setose. Posterior scutal margin shallower and an even

curve. Sens. bases slightly in front of PL, Galeal setae nude.

Palpal claw trifureate; setae on palpal femur and genu with a few

short ciliations; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude or with a few

indistinct ciliations, ventral branched, DS 40 in number, to 38, long

and arranged ca. 2.8.6.6.8.2.4.2.2.

AW 48-0, PW 62-0, SB 9-0, ASB 26-0, PSB 13-0, SD 39-0,

A~P 26:0, AM 29-0, ‘AL 53- -0, PL 40-0, Sens. 9.

Schin. (Ascoschin.) mutabilis (Gater 1932).

25.

27,

28,

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 233

Palpal claw bifureate a Re a 2 as ia vs 26

Palpal claw trifureate .. i ie = — 5. Ba 28

. A long nude seta on tarsi IJ. Scutum larger, more or less six-sided

with posterior margin deep behind PL and only slightly coneave medi-

ally. Galeal setae nude. Setae on palpal femur and gennu branched;

on tibia, dorsal and lateral nude, yentral branched. Sensillae capitate,

with distinet setules and placed just behind line of PL. DS 62, to

504 lone and arranged 2.14.14.10.12.8.4,

AW 76:0, PW 96-0, SB 38-0, ASB 32-0, PSB 29-0, SD 61-0,

A-P 29-0, AM 48-0, AL 80-0, PL 72-0, Sens, 28-0,

Sehén, (Ascoschin.) edwardsi (Gunther 1939).

No long nude seta on tarsi III .: ba Ha 7 an v 27

Dorsal setae normal and ciliated. Seutum with posterior margin

strongly sinuate and deeply concave medially. Galeal setae nude.

Setae on palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia, dorsal and lateral

nude, ventral branched. Sensillae capitate, with distinct setules, and

in line with PL. DS 32-34, to 30u long and arranged 2,6.6,6.6.4(2).2.

AW 54:645-°5, PW 79-2+6-6, SB 23:0+5-4, ASB 21:0, PSB

12-3+3-6, SD 33-343:°6, A-P 25-0, AM 24-5+3-6, AL 44-7

+6:5, PL 53-1+6:6, Sens, 29-0.

Schin. (Ascoschin.) philippensis (Philip and Woodward 1946).

Dorsal setae strong, with 5-6 lateral long teeth. Galeal setae nude.

Seta on palpal femur strongly ciliated, on genu much finer with few

branches; on tibia, all 3 nude. Sensillae capitate, with distinct fine

setules and well behind line of PL. DS approx. 100 to 70-56. long

and arranged ca. 8.16.18, plus,

AW 58-8, PW 75-6, SB 33-6, ASB 25-2, PSB 16-8, SD 42-0,

A-P 14-0, AM 53:2, AL 80-8, PL 78:4, Sens. 36-4 with head

19-6/25°2, Schin. (Ascoschén.) mackerrasae sp. 1-

PL setae situated off the scutum. Coxae III 2-setose. Palpal claw

trifurcate; seta on femur branched, on genu long and nude, on tibia

dorsal and ventral branched. DS 46 in number, arranged 2.10.8.10,-

8.4.2 to 25p.

AW 38-42(40), PW 66-74(70), SB 19-24(21), ASB 14-19(17),

PSB 13-16(14), SD 27-35(81), A-P 32, AM 28, AL 14, PL 24,

Sens. 30-32(31).

Schén. (Ascoschiin.) masta Traub and Sundermeyer 1950.

PL setae on the seutum .. be L A aa fn. an 29

Coxae III 2-setose. Scutum with posterior margin well rounded later-

ally, flat medially and deep behind line of PL. Setae on palpal

femur and genu strongly branched; on tibia, dorsal and lateral nude,

ventral branched. Galeal setae nude. Sensillae setulose. DS 2 plus

ea. 10 rows of 10 each, to 45 long with long outstanding ciliations.

244 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

AW 73-544-9, PW 98-8+9-0, SB 34-7+6-2, ASB 32: ‘0, PSB

30°0, SD 62-0, A-P 36-0, AM 41-0+4-7, AL 49 -74-7-7, PL

55:0-44- 7, Sens. 32-0, Schén. (Arenas, ) ila ae (Fon 1934).

Coxae III l-setose at . .. 30

30. PL setae placed much nearer to AL, and not. at the postero-lateral

angles of the seutum. Dorsal cuticular striations very ane, erenu-

late ta 3 ~ .. ol

PH setae plated at the posteré-lateral angles of scutum .,. -. 682

31. DS 44 in number, to 5565p long, and arranged 2,10.10,10.6.4.2. PL

relatively further from AL and seutum only slightly wider posterior

of PL than distance between PL.

AW 74-:2+8-8, PW 87-0+8-7, SB 28:3+3-6, ASB 29-2+4-0,

PSB 30-0, SD 59-2+4-0, A-P 21: *8243'5, AM 56-42- 7,

AL 46-04+7°5 , PL 78:0+6°3, Sens. 36-0.

Schén. (Ascoschin.) mohri sp. 1.

DS more than 100 in number, to 60p long, and arranged ca. 2.14.12.

16.12.12.12.10,.8.6.4. PL relatively nearer to AL, and scutum pos-

terior of PL. much wider than between PL.

AW 83:7+10-5, PW 92-3+12-1, SB 30-7+:3-45, ASB 33-3+

6-9, PSB 30-0, SD 63-3+6-9, A-P 17-05-2, AM 54-0, AL

45+ T+6- 9, PL 90-0, Sens. ? Schén, (Ascoschin.) crinita sp. 1.

32. PW less than 154 longer than AW... ms ae ey -. 88

PW more than 154 longer than AW . fe i os = 385

33. Sens. bases very wide apart and nearer to lateral scutal margins

than to one another; and nearer to line of AL than to line of PL.

Sentum posteriorly ‘overlapped by dorsal cuticle. Only the setae

on palpal femur and genu, and the ventral on tibia branched, A

long nude seta on tarsi IIT. Dorsal setae 36-38, arranged 2.8.6.8.6

(4).4.2.2, to 60x long,

AW 76:2+3-8, PW 81:8+7-0, SB 47-0+3-8, ASB 28-0, PSB

aL-9+1-9, SD 59-9+1°9, A-P 30: 8, AM 54- “0-412 0, AL 82-9

9°5, PL 58-2-+7- -0, Sens. 39+2 with head 23/25.

Schin. (Ascoschon.) rectamgulare sp.n -

Sens. bases as near, or nearer to one another than to lateral scutal

margins and much nearer to line of PL than line of AL. Scutum not

overlapped by dorsal cuticle ate . " : 384

34. Seutum deep with A—P about 2/38 PW. Sensillae bases. diitinetly + in

front of line of PL. Dorsal setae to 52 in number, to 60 long, and

arranged 2.6,8.8.8.8.6.4.2. All setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia

branched.

AW 60-8+2-4, PW 69-6+7-5, BB 25-2, ASB 28-8+4-1, PSB

19°6, SD 48-4+5-2, A-P 39-2+4-8, AM 38-2+4-0, AL 67-8

+7:°0, PL 59-9+9-6, Sens. 28:0 with head 22-4/22-4.

Schon. (Ascoschén.) antipedianum. (Hirst 1929).

35.

36.

38.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScrRUB TYPHUS MITES 235

Seutum shallower, with A-P about 1/3 PW. Sensillae bases about in

line with PL. Dorsal setae thicker and stronger, 32 in number to 56p

long, and arranged 2.6.6.6.6.4.2. Setae on palpal femur, and genu

branched, on tibia all 3 nude,

AW 60-7+4-8, PW 72-8+8-4, SB 19-6, ASB 25-2 PSB 16-8,

SD 42-0, A-P 23-344-8, AM 40-0, AL 71-92-14-0, PL 79°34

24-2, Sens. 30:8 with head 19-6/19-6,

Schon. (Ascoschin.) cassiope sp. n.

Dorsal cuticular striations finely and closely crenulate. Seutum with

anterior margin convex aud posterior margin somewhat angular,

Sens. bases anterior of line of PL. Scutal setae relatively short, PL

the longest. Setae on palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia only

ventral branched. DS 52, to 30p long, arranged 2,10.10.10.8.6.4.2.

AW 58-8, PW 75-6, SB 22-4, ASB 22-4, PSB 22-4, SD 44-8, A-P

25-2, AM 45-0, AL 33-6, PL 56-0, Sens, 36-4 with head 19-6/

19-6. Schén. (Ascoschén.) dwmosa ap. n.

Dorsal cuticular striations not erenulate _ ve a . 86

First row of DS with 4 setae, 2 scapular and 2 submedial, Posterior

scutal margin shallow and almost rectilinear between PL, Setae on

palpal femur and genu, and ventrally on tibia branched. Dorsal

setae 26, to 50 long and arranged 4.6.6.6.2.2.

AW 57-9+7-0, PW 90-7+7-8, SB 29-8+5-1, ASB 31:6

PSB 18-8+3-1, SD 50:4+5°7, A-P 42-8+8-1, AM 39-4

AL 70-85+9-25, PL 67-1+5-6, Sens, 40-0,

Schén. (Ascoschin.) queenslandica (Womersley 1939),

pas

25,

4-1,

First row of DS with only the two scapular setae .. 7 | OF

. PU setae longer than PW .. . den ‘6 ‘° <e . = 88

PL setae not Jonger than PW .. ise a ‘> mA ». 39

PL not greatly longer than PW. Ventral seta of palpal tibia nude

or with only one branch,

AW 54-0+6-0, PW 70-4+7-2, SB 19-6+3:8, ASB 25-2, PSB

19-6, SD 44-8, A-P 27-843-6, AM 31-6+9°2, AL 70-4+4-8,

PL 80-9+10-9, Sens. 33-6 with head 16-8/19-6.

Schin. (Ascoschén.) lappacea n. comb,

PL twice as long as PW, and much longer than AL, Ventral seta

of palpal tibia strongly branched. DS 28, to 75,2 long, and arranged

2.6.6.6.2 (4).4(2),2,

AW 47:°95+5:'4, PW 68:95+8-9, SB 19-25+3-0, ASB 28-0,

PSB 18-9+3-9, SD 46-923-9, A-P 31-543-9, AM 39:2+4-9

AL 84-0, PL 134-6+14-2, Sens. 33:6 with head 16°8/19-6.

Schén, (Ascoschén.) womersleyt (Gunther 1989).

236 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

39. With AL setae the shortest, Sensillae further apart, with strong

setules. All setae on palpal tibia nude. DS. 32, to 45 long, and

arranged 2.6.6.6.6.4.2,

AW 70:9+10-8, PW 95°95+17-45, SB 32-8+4-3, ASB 30-8

+4-3, PSB 22-4, SD 53-2+4°3, A-P 34:545-9, AM 49-12-5-2,

AL 42-0-:5: 3, PL 64-4411: 0, Sens. 33-6 with head 19- 6/19-6,

Schin, (Ascoschin.) coorongense (Hirst 1929)

With AM the shortest te ,! te t. aA . 40

40, Seutum posterior of PL: very shallow, margin between PL almost ree-

tilimear. DS 34-38, arranged 2.8,6.6,6.4.5(2).2(0). to 30» long.

AW 45:3+3-5, PW 61:5+6-+4, SB 20-4+3-5, ASB 21-0, PSB

15-0, SD 36-0, ‘A~P 1-3-4: 5, ‘AM 26-64: 5, AL 46: ‘5+7-1, PL

426-44: 5; Sens. 27-0 with head 17/17.

Schén. (Aseaschin.) echymipera (Wom. and Kohls 1947).

Scutum deeper behind line of PL. DS 32, arranged 2.6,6,6.6.4.2,

AW 47-8+9-1, PW 72-1+11-9, SB 21-5=4-5, ASB 28-0, PSB

19-6, SD 47-6, A-P 27-9+2-8, AM 2855-43-55, AL 54:92-4:3,

PL 47-6+5:0, Sens. 35-0.

Schon. (Ascoschén.) innisfeilensis (Wom. and Heasp, 1943),

AW 51:7+:5-9, PW 81-3411-5, SB 21-4+5-5, ASB 25:0+4:3,

PSB 21-9+4-4, SD 47-0+7-1, A-P 28-8+2-8, AM 30-4+6-9,

AL 60-2+1372, PL 56-387-2, Sens. 31-4+5°6.

Schén. (Ascoschon.) inmsfailensis f. bushlandi (Philip 1947).

41, Sensillae long and narrow, almost lanceolate and without a true basal

stem .. a: b.., .. 42

Sensillae tlaviste, with more or jee of a - pasal ‘stem +3 er ., 43

42, Dorsal scutum larger, subquadrate, with PL the shortest and dis-

tinctly on secutum at postero-lateral corners. Seta on palpal genu

very long. DS ca. 2.6.8.8.6.4.2. (but variable from 44-52 according

to Gater). :

AW 64-0+8-8, PW 75-

PSB 24-04: 9. SD 54-

AL 35-5+42°8, "PL 26-

+5-9, SB 37-3+2-0, ASB 30-7+3-2,

bs T- 2, A-P 44-0+3:- 5, AM 44-9543: 5,

+38-h, Sens. 54-0 with head 6-7 wide.

Schin. (Asecoschén.) lacunosa (Gater 1932).

Dorsal sentum small, with AW not greater than 502, PL placed dis-

tinetly off the seutum, DS 0,8.8,6.4 to 304. Posterior scutal margin

shallow and almost rectilinear between posterior corners. Setae on

palpal femur, genu and tibia nude or with only a few indistinct barbs.

AW 41:8, PW 66-0, SB 22-0, ASB 17-6, PSB 8:4, SD 26-0, A-P

22°06, AM 22-0, Al 18-0, PL 30-0, Sens. ea. 34-0.

Schon. (Ascoschin.) malayensis Gater 1932).

Dorsal scutum also small, AW not greater than 50u, and with AL the

shortest. PL on the seutum, DS 2.6.6.6,4,2, to 44... Posterior scutal

margin shallow behind PL and coneave medially. Setae on palpal

femur and genu ciliated; on tibia only ventral branched.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScRuB TYPHUS MITES 237

AW 44-6+4°9, PW 60-3+7-3, SB 20:5+4-2, ASB 20-924-2,

PSB 14:0, SD 34-9+4-2, A-P 27:2+4-8, AM 35°626°8, AL

31:9+5-7, PL 46-6+5-4, Sens, 61-6 with head 8-4 wide.

Schéin. (Ascoschin.) kpoxena sp. n.

43, Seutum small, with AW ca. 50, or less .. hs a a .. 44

Seutum much larger with AW much more than 55p x .. 82

44. Dorsal seutum with AW ea, 50-55,, with PL very much shorter than

' AM or AL; and with AL at the antero-lateral angles .. oa .. 44a

Dorsal seutum with AW ca. 50u or less. AL the longest .. .» 44b

44g. Seutum larger, with AL longest and longer than PW.

AW 54-15+4:1, PW 70-9+7-5, SB 32-4+5-2, ASB 35-443°2,

PSB 26-25+4-1, SD 61-448-3, A-P 53-05, AM 55-25+8-4, AL

73°1+21-4, PL 13-4, Sens. ? Schén. (Ascoschén.) nadchatramt sp. 0.

Sceutum smaller, with AL the longest but not longer than PW,

AW 50-6+6-0, PW 65-1+7-3, SB 30-9+4-4, ASB 30°9+4-4,

PSB 23-45, SD 54-35-+4-4, A-P 46-9, AM 50-25, AL 56-95, PL

13-4, Sens. 23:45 with head 10+05/18-75,

Schin. (Ascoschin.) sarawakensis sp. n.

44b. Dorsal seutum small, AW ca. 50n, with AL at the antero-lateral

angles; posterior margin a shallow even curve; PL the longest. Sens.

fairly broadly clavate, and setulose, bases wide apart. Palpal claw

bifurcate; setae on femur and genu branched; on tibia only ventral

branched. Coxae IIT 3-setose.

AW 50-5+4-5, PW 67-8+6-0, SB 37:325:5, ASB 22-3+1-2,

PSB 22-3-1-2, SD 44-7+2-4, A-P 34:4+3-8, AM 20-0, AL 20-0,

PL 30-25+1-85, Sens. 36-4 with head 18/22.

Schén. (Ascoschén.) nausheraensis sp. n.

Seutum geenrally with AW less than 50, and with AL well back

from the rounded antero-lateral shoulders. indica group 49

45. Posterior scutal margin rectilinear between PL a4 as .. 46

Posterior scutal margin curved or sinnous between PL . (AT

46. Scutum rectangular, with AW not much shorter than PW. Seutal

setae strongly ciliated.

AW 40:6, PW 48-0, SB 17:0, ASB 13:0, PSB 11-0, SD 24-0,

A-P 21-0, AM 30-0, AL 20-0, PL 36-0, Sens. —. (After Gater

1932; Womersley and Heaslip 1943).

Schin. (Ascoschén.) debilis (Gater 1932).

Scutum not reetangular, with AW ea. 1/3 length of PW, lateral

sides strongly converging forwardly, Scutal and dorsal setae shortly

and indistinctly ciliated.

AW 25:0, PW 74:0, SB 21-0, ASB 23-0, PSB 20-0, SD 43-0,

A-P 42-0, AM 20-0 AL 17:0, PL 27-0, Sens. 38-0, (after Rad-

ford 1946), Schén. (Ascoschin.) manipurensis (Radford 1946).

238

- 47.

48.

49.

50,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Posterior scutal margin concave, All palpal setae ciliated, DS ea.

62 in number, arranged 2.10.10,10.10.10.6.4, to 29% long. No long

nude seta on tarsi IIT.

AW 28-8 PW 41'322-1, SB 13:4+3-9, ASB 14-4, PSB 11:2,

SD 25-6, A-P 22-4, AM 16-0, AL 10-0, PL 19 2, Sens. —

Schon. (Ascoschiin,) labuanensis sp. 0.

Posterior seutal margin convex or eonteely sinuous. <A fairly long

nude seta on tarsi III ake . ar 3+ ne oe - 48

Palpal claws short and stumpy ae se ts 4 .. 60

Palpal claws longer and more pointed .. a a4 th . 49

Scutum much wider between PL than long. Two pairs of setae

between coxae III. DS 30 in number and arranged 2.6.6.6.6.4. to 36y.

AW 49-52-68, PW 67-2+10-6, SB 22-6+4-1, ASB 26-624-6,

PSB. 22-4, SD 42°0+4:6, A-P 28-9-+4-3, AM 31:7+4:3, AL

25:2, PL 39°7+3:-4, Sens. 39°2 with head 11/22,

Schin, (Ascoschén.) audyi sp. n.

Scutum almost as long as wide between PL. Only one pair of setae

between coxae ITI. DS 22, arranged 2.6,.6.4.2.2,

AW 35°9+4-8, PW 64:8+4-8, SB 22-02+2+4, ASB 22-4, PSB

35-2, SD 57-6, A-P 41-6, AM 25-0, AL 12-8, PL 38:4, Sens.

35:2, Schon. (Ascoschén.) rattus (Wom. and Heasp, 1943).

DS 22, arranged 2.6.6,4.2.2,

AW 40-9, 38-4, PW 60-8, 61-8, SB 19-2, 22-4, ASB 19-2, 19-2,

PSB 22-4, 22-4, 224, SD 41-6, 41-6, A-P 22-4, 22-4, AM 36-0,

AL 25-0, PL 37° 4, Sens, 32-0 with head 23- -0/9- B. (AM, and AL

after Gunther). Schién. (Ascoschén.) lorius (Guother 1939).

DS more numerous ie si sh de hy ie . 61

Seutum smaller, DS 34 arranged 4(2).6(8).6.6.6.4.2. ie, 2nd from

middle of second row situated forward in line with humeral setae.

AW 38:°4+5:1, PW 54-0+5°7, SB 20:543:8, ASB 22-2+2:-8,

PSB 19:5+10-8, SD 42-3-3-0, A-P 26:7+-5-3, AM 24:6+5-2,

AL 18-8+3:7, PL 31-1442, Sens. 31-1448.

Schén. (Ascoschén.) indica (Hirst 1915),

= Trombicula muris Walch 1922.

= Neoschéngastia cockingst Radford 1946.

Seutum larger. DS ca. 42 in number, arranged 2.10.8.6.6.6.4, the

second row somewhat variable from 8 to 10, but always in more or

jess the same line.

AW 47-15+4-9, PW 64-1+8-5, SB 24:4+4-5, ASB 24-9+-29-9,

PSB 19-6, SD 44-13-00, A-P 25-5+3°0, AM 27-24+-5-7, AL 20-1

3-3, PL 33+8+4-9, Sens, 34-7+45-1,

Schon. (Ascoschén.) soekaboemiensis (Takekawa 1945).

53.

54.

55,

56.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFic ScruB TYPHUS. MITES 239

. Sensillae bases distinctly posterior of line of PL, and PL nearer to AL

than to posterior margin .. > aa 53

Sensillae bases in line with or aaftevton of line of PL, or if sightly

posterior of PL then A-P ca. equal to or greater than PSB . ; 58

Seutum widest posterior of line of PL, and PL placed nearer to AL

than to the well rounded postero-lateral corners. Palpal claw trifur-

cate; setae on femur, genu und tibia all branched or ciliated. Galeal

setae nude, DS ca, 89, to 50 long, and arranged 2.12,12.12.12. plus

ca. 30. Ventrally with many setae between coxae ITT.

AW 63:5+9-4, PW 78-7+8-9, SB 25-1+4-7, ASB 28-9-4-

PSB 25-8:43- 1, SD 54°745-0, A-P 21-9+4- 7, AM 48-23:

AL 38-°6+8:5, PL 74:349- 2, Sens. 42-0 with head 14/28.

Bohan, (Ascoschén.) perameles (Wom. 1939).

Scutum widest in line with PL, and PL at the pogeshlaeral corners.

Only 1 pair of setae ventrally between coxae IIT a ’ 54

Posterior scutal margin deep and evenly rounded a a .- 55

Posterior seutal margin not an even curve, but roughly three-sided .. 57

Dorsal setae 16 in number, arranged 2,4.4.4.2, the anterior setae to

95u long, decreasing posteriorly to 40-45,

AW Gib 8< 6 PW 87-2+5-8, SB 34-4+4-+1, ASB 22-4, PSB

28-4+3:2, SD 50-8+3-2, A-P 16-8, AM 53-0, AL, 19-6, PL 99-2

+11°-7, Sens. 50-0 with head 11-0 wide.

Schén. (Ascoschén.) similis (Wom. and Heasp. 1943).

Dorsal setae more numerous te wf ie at a ». 56

Dorsal setae 26, arranged 2.6.6.6.4,2.

AW 68-0+4-0, PW 88-75+6°7, SB 34°:7+4-3, ASB 25-2, PSB

25°2, SD 50-4, A-P 14-0, AM 52-85+13-05, AL 25:75+6-6, PL

86-25+9-55, Sens. 42-0 with head 16-8/30-8.

Schon, (Ascoschén.) derricki Wom. 1939.

Dorsal setae 34, arranged 2.8.6.6.6.4.2. Palpal claw trifureate.

AW 55-6+9-0, PW 65+2-+-10-5, SB 23-8+4-2, ASB 22-4, PSB

20-4+4-1, SD’ 42-8-+4- “1, A-P 14: 0, AM 35- “646° “3, AL 21-3

+3-2, PL 48-023°2, Sens. 43-9-+4- 2 with head 8-4 wide.

Schén. (Ascoschén,) dasycerct Hirst 1929-

. Scutal setae long and subequal, with AM slightly shorter than AL and

PL the longest. Dorsal setae 2.8,6.6.6.4.2, to ca, 45. Palpal claw

bifureate; setae on femur and genu branched; on tibia, ventral

branched and dorsal and lateral nude.

AW 61-5, PW 70-0, SB 24-0, ASB 24-0, PSB 16-0, SD 40-0, A-P

16-0, AM 37-5, AL 45:0, PL 56-0, Sens. — (After Wom. and

Heasp. 1943). Schan. (Ascoschin.) trichosum (Wom, 1939),

= shieldsi. (Gunther 1941).

58.

59.

61.

62.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

AL seutal setae very short, and much shorter than AM or PL. Palpal

claw trifurcate; all setae on femur, genu and tibia except dorsal tibial

branched, Dorsal setae 34, arranged 2.8.6,6.6.4.2, to 70u long.

AW 68:4+8:2, PW 82-0+6-'3, SB 31-66-3, ASB 24-8—3-2,

PSB 22-4, SD 47-243-2, A-P 18-2+38-8, AM 45-2+5-8, AL

25-224-8, PL 70:4+3°2, Sens. —.

Schon. (Ascoschén.) hirstt (Wom. and Heasp. 1943).

Seusillae bases about in line with PL... is o. vi . 59

Sensillae bases distinctly in front of line of PL .. WA at it BY

A-P greater than PSB. Palpal claw trifureate. Ventral setae on

palpal tibia nude. Galeal setae branched. DS 38 arranged 2.6.6.6.6.6

12;

AW 71°6+4°9, PW 83-4+5-4, SB 30-023-0, ASB 30-0-+3-3,

PSB. 23-6+2:2, SD 53-5+-4-9, A-P 30:'725:0, AM 63°6524-1,

AI, 38+4+3-4, PL 63°1+9°1, Sens. 42-6+8-2 with head 12:0 wide.

Schin. (Ascoschén.) ham: (Wom. and Heasp. 19438).

A-P ca, equal to PSB “ ve s i xf at .. 60

Palpal claw trifureate. Ventral seta of palpal tibia branched. Galeal

setae branched. DS ca. 34 arranged 2.8.6.6.6.4.2.

AW 82:9+7°4, PW 99:9+7-3, SB 36-1+5-0, ASB 30-4+2°8,

PSB 24°8+2-8, SD 55-2+4-6, A-P 26-5+5-2, AM 53-4+8-7,

AL 48-1+6+3, PL 79:5+8-0, Sens. 42-0 by 14-0 wide.

Schin. (Ascoschin.) westraliense (Wom, 1934).

Palpal claw bifureate. Ventral seta of palpal tibia. branched, Galeal

setae nude. DS 34 arranged 2,8.6.6.6.4.2,

AW 79:344°3, PW 99-224-1, SB 35-9+3-4, ASB 30-3

PSB 20-1+3-4, SD 50-4, A-P 25:2, AM 47-6, AL 40-6

PL 70:1+4°9, Sens. 44-8 with head 11-2 wide.

Schén. (Ascoschén.) peregrina sp. 1.

3-4,

7°0,

Dorsal setae situated on small platelets. Leg I 6-segmented .. .. = =6©62

Dorsal setae not on platelets, Leg I 7-segmented .. a .. 63

Only the dorsal setae on platelets. Palpal claw trifurcate; setae on

palpal femur and genu branched. DS 50 in number, and arranged

2.6.2.6.8.6.4.8.6.4.2, from 27 to 52p long.

AW 62-0+9-0, PW 78:0+7-0, SB 29-0, ASB 26-7+6-9, PSB

23°7+1-7, SD 50°326-2, A-P 36-0+4-2, AM 46-0, AL 33-0, PL

49-0, Sens. 39-3-+1-7, with head 13-0 wide.

Schon. (Ascoschén.) heaslip (Wom. and Heasp. 1943)

Some of the posterior ventral setae also on platelets. Palpal claw

bifurcate; setae on palpal femur and genu nude. DS§ 30 in number,

arranged 2.6.2.6.8.8.4, to 30, long.

AW 63:0-+4-8, PW 75-95:2:1, SB 37-8-+4-8, ASB 28-0, PSB

25-0, SD 53-2, A-P 37-8+4-8, AM 42-0, AL 34-8+4+5, PL 22:4,

Sens. 47°6 with head 6-0 wide. Schin. (Ascoschén.) traubisp. n.

63,

G4.

65.

66.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 241

Dorsal setae 80 in number, arranged 2.12.12.12.12,10.8.6.4.2,

AW 77-6+6:2, PW 97:2+7-3, SB 81-4+2-8, ASB 30-1+6-7,

PSB 27-1+5-8, SD 57-22-9-7, AHP 32-225'9, AM 07-0+9-5,

AL 39-7+4-0, PL 67-2-5-0, Sens, 51-8+3-5, with head 12-0

wide. Schén. (Ascoschén.) Tawrencei nu. nov,

for guntheri Wom. & Heasp. 1943, preoe.

Dorsal setae fewer than 50 in number .. a AN me .. G4

Sens. bases nearer to anterior than to posterior seutal margim. AL

the shortest and very short. A-P greater than PSB.

AW 74-6245-7, PW 102-3+4-4, SB 45-6+5-4, ASB 31-3+3:4,

PSB 41-0+4-2, SD 72-3-46-3, A-P 45-34+7-3, AM 43-2+4-6,

Al 24:1+4-3, PL 51-2-£5-4, Sens, 44-8 with head 16-8 wide.

Schon, (Ascoschén.) wongabelensis sp. 0.

Sens. bases ca. midway between anterior and posterior scutal mar-

gins, AL the shortest but not very short zn bi at -. 65

Dorsal setae 46 in number, arranged 2.8.8.8.8.6.4.2. Sentum deep

behind PL. A-P ca. equal to PSB. Galeal setae branched.

AW 70:0, PW 81:0, SB 27-0, ASB 30-0, PSB 24-0, SD 54:0,

A-P 29-7+7°6, AM 53-0+6-0, AL 34:7+9-1, PL 63-0+3-0,

Sens. 43-0. Schén, (Ascoschén.) smithi (Wom. 1939).

Dorsal setae 28 to 32 in number. Galeal setae nude .. 3 .. 66

Dorsal setae 28 in number, arranged 2.8.6.6.4.2. Scutum evenly

curved behind PL, with A-P slightly less than PSB. Palpal claw

bifurcate.

AW 62:3+4:2, PW 86:1--4:2, SB 30-8, ASB 25-2, PSB 25-2,

SD 50-4, A-P 23-8+4-8, AM 39-226-8, AL 27-1+4:8, PI) 41-3

+81, Sens, 47°6 with head 8-4 wide.

Schon, (Ascoschén.) rani sp. n-

Dorsal setae 32 in number, arranged 2.6.6.6.6.4.2. Seutum medially

flattened or lightly concave behind PL, with A—P greater than PSB.

Palpal claw trifurcate.

AW 56-2+7-4, PW 82-8+14-7, SB 29-5+6-3, ASB 29-5+4-4,

PSB 20°2+2-38, SD 49-7+6-2, A-P 33-7+6-8, AM 40°:9+5:'3,

AL 81:2+6-7, PL 51:25+8-3, Sens. 37:5-+9+5, with head 14-0

wide, Schon. (Ascoschén.) cairnsensis (Wom, and Heasp, 1943).

AW 56:2+1:'05, PW 99:7+28'2, SB 35-8+3:°8, ASB 31-9-+4:6,

PSB 25-2, SD 57-1+4-6, A-P 39+2+10-2, AM 42-7+8-0, AL

31-2438, PL 55:3415-9, Sens, 39:2 with head 14-0 wide.

Schén. (Ascoschén.) cairnsensis v. gateri (Wom. and Heasp. 1943).

242 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

Genus RADPORDIANA n0v.

As in Schéngostia s. str. but with the chelicerae unusually long, serrated,

and almost styliform, and the hypostome long and tongue-like. The palpi are

long and slender with the tibial claw simple.

Genotype Radfordiana rostrata sp. nu. .

RADFORDIANA ROSTRATA Sp. 1.

Plate 66, fig. A-E.

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length (unengorged) 300,,

width 215», Seutum as figured with anterior margin only indistinctly sinuous

between AL; PL, nearer to AL than to posterior margin which is deep and

broadly rounded behind line of PL; sensillae globoge, only indistinetly villous

and placed behind PL; scutal setae long, slender and ciliated, with AL the

longest. Eyes 2-4-2, posterior the smaller. Chelicerae very long and slender,

almost styliform, to 115p long, with ca. 10-12 fine teeth on distal half of inner

margin. Hypostome long and tongue-like, with the galeal setae nude. Palpi

long and slender, tibiai claw simple; setae on femur and genu shortly but

thickly ciliated; on tibia ventral only shortly branched, dorsal and lateral

nude; tarsi with pronounced subapical spine-like seta, sub-basal sensory rod,

and 4-5 fine slender ciliated setae.

Dorsal setae stout, strongly ciliated, to 494, 38 in number, and arranged

2.8,8.8.6.4.2. Ventrally with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, one ciliated

seta on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and there-

after 6,6.6,2.2.2, to 30” long. Legs; I 360m long, IL 3054, IIL 335; tarsi I

and II with the usual sensory rod, III with a long outstanding nude seta,

The Standard Data for the type and one paratype from scrub, at Lae,

New Guinea, April, 1944 (R. N. McCulloch), six specimens from mound, of a

bush turkey (Megapodius) at Dobodura, N.G., June, 1944 (G. M. Kohls), and

4 specimens from an ‘‘armed lizard’’, Hollandia, Dutch N.G., Nav., 1944 (C, B.

Philip) are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. af

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 61-4220-88 3+03+0-62 52°3-70-5 66" 0-644 5-0

PW 87-71-21 4:19+0-86 75-1-100-3 784-9592 4.8

SB 24-70-47 1-6240-33 19-9-99-5. 22-428 -() 695

ASB 40-82r0-60 2*06-0-42 34-6476 36:4-42-0 5-0

PSE 30-8 No variation recorded

8D 71+6220+55 1-870-38 66-0-77°2 " §7-2-7958 2-6

A-P 30-1+0+61 2-11+0-43 2a -8-36-°4 25-2-33-6 7:0

AM 46-S+1-02 3+3740°72 36-7-56+9 42°0-50-4 72

AL 69-80-80 2-79+0-57 61-4-78-2 64-4—72°8 4-0

PL 56-61-00 3-4620+70 46-2-67°0 50+ 4-61+6 6°0

Sens. 42-0 with head 16-8/22-4. No variation recorded,

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TypHUS MITES 243

Remarks. It is possible that Radfordiana may not stand as more than a

subgenus of Schingastia s, str. but it is so distinct that until the nymphs or

adults are known it should be kept at the generic level.

Genus OBNOSCHOENGASTIA Wom. and Kohls 1947.

Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 1947, 71, (1), 8-9.

Allied to Schéngastia bit the chelicerae are short, curved and stumpy with

the apex divided into two terminal blumt and thick teeth, with a pair (some-

times three) of rather smaller teeth subapically. Palpal claw short and stout,

trifurcate, Median tarsal claw (empodinm) longer than the laterals but

equally thick. Sensillae clavate or capitate.

Genotype Oenaschéngastia cana Wom, and Kohls 1947.

The nymphal and adult stages of this species are so far unknown, Until

such times its relationships to the genus Schéngastia are uncertain, but in view

of the unique characters of the larvae its retention as a distinct genus is

necessary.

OENOSCHGNGASTIA GANA Wom. and Kohls 1947,

Oenoschingastia. cana Womersley and Kohls 1947, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 71,

(1), 8-9.

Plate 66, fig. F-J.

Deseription of Larvae. Shape an elongate oval. Length (unfed) 252,,

width 162, Dorsal seutum roughly hexagonal with indistinct and fine pitting;

with the usual five normal ciliated setae, of which AL are the longest and AM

the shortest, AM with short branches, AL and PL with long outstanding

branches; sensillae broadly clavate, the head indistinctly and very shortly setn-

lose, sensillae bases about in line with PL; anterior scutal margin convex,

posterior laterally angular. Hyes 2+ 2, large, on well-developed ocular shields

and closely adjacent to scutum, posterior eyes the smaller. Chelicerae of

peculiar form, short, stout and curved, apex truncate and divided imto two

strong, broad and bimnt teeth, and two (sometimes three) smaller teeth placed

subapically on the inner edge. Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw

short, stout and trifureate; femur with a long strong seta with long branches;

genu with a nude seta; tibia with the dorsal and lateral setae nude, ventral

branched ; tarsi short with basal and subapical sensory rods and three or four

ciliated or branéehed setae. Dorsal setae strong with strong ciliations, 36 in

number and arranged 2.8,10.6.6,4, to 40-504 long. Ventrally with the usual

pair of branched setae on gnathosoma, a single seta on each coxa, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter 6.6.6.4.2, more slender and with

244 RECORDS OF THE S,A, MUSEUM

longer ciliations than the dorsal setae, to 30u% long. Legs: [ 324 long, I 252,,

ITI 380; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal rod-like setae, tarsi III with a

long outstanding nude seta; median claw (empodium) longer than but as thick

as the laterals,

The Standard Data in microns derived from 22 specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW §2-850-56 2-650°40 54°9-70°8 60-0-69-0 4B

PW 78*7EO«71 3-34-0°50 68-7-88-°7 75°0-87-0 492

8B 31:85+0-49 2°3800°35 24°95-38-75 30-0-39-0 773

ASB 2890133 1-5320°23 24°3-33-5 27-0-32°0 5-3

PSE 23-8630 1-38+0-21 19 -6-28°0 21+0~-27 -O 5-8

8D 52°80+45 2r11+0°32 46+5-59-1 48°0-57-0 40

A-P 29-20-32 1-50-+0'23 24+7-33-7 2770-330 a8

AM 32-45+0-46 2°150°32 26+0-38-9 27°0-36-0 66

AL 74-320°50 2*3420°35 67-3-81-3 70-0-80-0 3:0

PL 59-540-39 1840-28 34-0-65-0 55-0-65 +0 5-1

Sens. 36-0 with head 20/24,

Loc, The type and 72 paratypes from the mound of a brush turkey,

Dobodura, New Guinea, 18 May, 1944 (G.M.K., No. 325).

The type and 22 paratypes deposited in the South Australian Museum, 35

paratypes in the collection of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, five paratypes

in the U.S. National Museum and five in the British Museum,

’ Genus GUNTHERANA, Wom. and Heasp. 1943.

Guntherana Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67, (1), 132,

nom. nov, for Guntheria Womersley 1939, ibid, 63, (2), 157 (preoc.),

Larval diagnosis. Body form (unengorged) oval, (engorged) elongate oval

with a distinct medial constriction, Posteriorly with an area which, when en-

gorged or under pressure, consists of two semicircular plates, opposed in the

medial longitudinal line, strongly punctate, and each bearing 3 fine setae; api-

cally the junction of these plates is slightly incised. In unengorged larvae the

two plates frequently appear as one large transversely oval plate. Anterior

dorsal scutum roughly rectangular, with 5 normal ciliated setae and a pair of

globose or capitate, indistinctly villous sensillae. Hyes 2+ 2. Chelicerae non-

serrate with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setac nude. Palpi stout,

tibial claw trifureate. All coxae 1-setose. Legs III without any long nude

seta on tarsi.

Adult and Nymph (see Adult Section of Paper).

Genotype Neoschéngastia bipygalis Gunther 1939.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIGC-PACIFIC ScRUB TypHUS MITES 245

GUNTHERANA BIPYGALIS (Gunther 1939).

Neoschéngastia callipygea Gunther 1938, nom nud., Med, J, Aust., 2, (6), 202,

Neoschéngastia hallipygos Gunther 1939, nom. nud., Proc, Linn. Soc, New South

Wales, 64, (1-2), 83.

Neoschéngastia bipygalis Gunther 1939, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales,

64, (5-6), 471.

Guntheria kallipygos Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Aust., 63, (2), 187.

Gurtheria bipygalis Gunther 1940, Proc. Linn. Soc, New South Wales, 65, 250;

tdem., Med. J. Aust., 2, (22), 564-72,

Guntherana bipygais Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc, 8, Aust.,

67, (1), 100.

Gunutherana parana, Womersley 1944, Tr, Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 68, (1), 106.

Plate 67, fig. A-H.

This species was originally described from specimens from Rattus browni

Alston, H. ringens Peters and Doris, R. mordaz Thomas, Melomys moncktonit

Thomas, M. stalkeri Thomas, M. rubex Thomas, M. sp., Echymipera cockerelli

Ramsay, and Pereryetes raffrayana Milne Edwards from New Guinea by

Guither. Although Gunther later (1939, 64 (5-6)), figured the young larva

within the ovum, his original description and figures were from free and

engorged larvae. Although Gunther states (loc, cit. 471) that ‘‘specimens

(larvae) also have been taken running free in the fur’’ he does not say whether

these are engorged or not.

In 1989 Womersley recorded the species from engorged specimens from

Queensland from R. culmorum youngi Thomas and from Isoodon torosus

Ramsay.

Guntherana porana was described in 1944 by Womersley from unengorged

larvae collected on boots at Abidari and Buna by R. N. McCulloch. These

larvae were considered as distinct from bipygalis Gunther, on the smaller

Standard Data, the lack of a medial constriction, and the larger number of

dorsal and ventral setae. In other generic features such as the posterior dorsal

shield, (or pair of shields) and the two very long dorsal setae just anterior of

the dorsal shield, they fitted well into the genus,

Gunther’s original description and figure of the dorsal surface show the

dorsal setae as 2,6 (2or4), 4.2.4.2./6./2, ie. 28 (30 or 32). Actually there are

246 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

only 26, the last 2 strictly belonging to the ventral surface. The six posterior

setae are the fine setae on the paired posterior dorsal plates, while the next

pair are the very long closely adjacent setae just in front of the posterior

plates. In parana the dorsal setae are 26, arranged 2.6.4.6(4).2(4), plus 6 fine

setae on the posterior plates.

Ventrally for bipygalis, Gunther gives the setae posterior of coxae III as

4.2./4.4 or 14 im all. A careful examination of his type larva (engorged) in

the South Australian Museum, shows however, that there are more setae than

Gunther saw, namely 24, arranged ca. 6.6./6.4.2. Probably some of the setae

had been rubbed off and not observed by Gunther. This is the case with other

specimens which I haye examined, The setae bases can, however, be usually

traced. This larger number of ventral setae is the same as in parama, so that

the only difference left between this species and bipygalis is the somewhat

smaller scutum and the lack of the medial constriction. As the constriction

may be a result of engorgement, (although it is just indicated in Gunther’s

figure of the unhatched larva), it would appear best to regard parana as @

possibly local population of bipygalis differing only in the lower Standard

Data.

It should be noted, however, that Gunther’s finding of the eges of bipy-

galis attached to the hairs of the host suggests that the young larvae before

attachment, for feeding, may be free living in the fur and not on the ground.

Yet the specimens described earlier as parana as well as other unengorged

larvae from New Guinea and Queensland, which on Standard Data agree more

with typical bipygalis, were collected on boots. This is a pomt which needs

further investigation, especially in regard to affording confirmation of Gun-

ther ’s observations.

The nymph and adults of this species are described in the Adult Section

of this paper, and the genus in those stages defined. ‘The nymph was reared

from engorged larvae. The adult was correlated with larvae reared therefrom,

and which at the time were regarded as parana.

Of the material in the South Australian Museum (32 specimens of larvae),

there is a high degree of variation in the Standard Data, and in the length of

the pair of long setae just in front of the posterior dorsal plates.

In the Standard Data the 7 specimens of unengorged larvae from Abidari

and Buna, New Guinea, collected by R. N. McCulloch 1948, the data for AW,

PW, SB, ASB, PSB, SD and A-P ure significantly lower, and there is com-

paratively little variation in PL.

WOMERSLEY-~ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScruB TYPHUS MITES 247

The Standard Data for these specimens are:

Standard ‘heoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 47°340-73 1-930°52 41-4-53-0 44+8-50-4 4-1

PW 65+20°52 1°370-36 61-1-69-3 64-5-67-2 2-1

SB 16-8 No variation recorded

ASB 23:2-0°+52 1-370-36 19+1-27°3 22-4-25-2 5:9

PSB 11-2 No variation recorded.

8D 34-4+0:+52 1°37+0-36 30+3-38-5 33 -6-36-4 4+0

A-P 28°0 No variation recorded

AM 33°64 No variation recorded

AL 69-6206:91 2-52-40-67 62-1-77-1 64°4-72°8 3-6

PL 95-61-28 3°404+0-91 85+4-105 8 89-6-98-0 3-6

Sens. 33-6 with head 16-8/19-6. No variation recorded.

The Australian material from Queensland, plus the type and one paratype

from Bulolo, New Guinea, show distinctly larger Standard Data, and the

values as given by Womersley and Heaslip (1943) treated statistically are as

follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 57-50-95 4+12+0°+67 45+1-69-9 47°0-€5°0 72

PW 77-8541°54 6°722+1-09 57°7-98-0 68:0-92-0 8-6

SB 19+750-41 1-78+0:+29 14°4-25-1 17-0-23 +5 9-0

ASB 2350-28 1-18+0-19 20-0-27-0 21°0-26-0 5-0

PSB 12-80-24 1:01+0-17 9-8-15°8 11-0-16°0 8-0

SD 36+454+0-42 1-80+0-30 31-05-41 -85 33°0-42-0 4-9

A-P 28-80-58 244+0-41 21-5-36+1 26°0-34'0 8-5

AM 32-00-46 1-660-+32 27-0-87-0 30-0-34-0 5-0

AL 73-30-96 3+ 84-40-68 61-8-84-8 64°0-77-0 5-2

PL 97-21-66 6-86+1-18 76-6-117-8 80°0-113-0 7-0

Sens. 31/0 with head 15-0 wide.

Genus NEOSCHOENGASTIA Ewing 1929,

Manual of Hxternal Parasites 1929, 187. Genotype Schingastia americana

Hirst 1921, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 7, 37, (larvae).

= Paraschéngastia. Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc, 8. Aust., 68, (2), 165

Womersley and Heaslip 1943 dbid., 67, (1), 129, (larvae).

Neoschéngastia Wharton and Hardcastle 1946, J. Parasit., 32, (3), 286-322,

(larvae and nymphs).

Ewing erected this genus for Hirst’s Schéngastia americana principally

on the chelicerae not being serrate on the inner (dorsal) margin but also on

the palpal claw being trifureate and the dorsal scutum being ‘‘ poorly chitinized

and tending to break up into smaller platelets”. Hirst in his description of

248 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

americana (loc. eit.) says, ‘‘Seutum not so definite In shape as in known

species of Schdngastia, being weakly chitinized; posteriorly it is interrupted

in the middle, being practically divided into two. portions or wings by a series

of (median) longitudinal parallel striations’’,

Although no figure was published with the original description, a very

excellent one showing the above peculiar structure of the dorsal seutum is

shown in the pamphlet ‘‘Mites Injurions to Domestic Animals,” by Hirst

(B.M, (N.H.) Heon. Ser, No. 18. 1922, p. 60).

Althongh Ewing, as stated above, notes the peculiar scutal structure, he

evidently did not regard it as of much generic importance, for in his later

publications he included in Neoschongastia many species with non-serrate

ehelicerae but with a normal seutum; particularly did he do so in his key to

the larval genera of the Trombiculinae of 1938 (J. Wash. Acad, Sci, 28, (6) ).

In 1939 Womersley recognized two groups within the genus Neoschin-

gastiw Ewing, and separated off those New Guinea species of Gunther's, in

which the sentum had a ‘‘distinct taised crest in front of the pseudostigma’’

whick ‘‘forms a very distinct wall in which the bases of the sensillary hairs

are situated’’, and “‘the posterior half of the sentum on each half has. cireular

striations. but the anterior half is pitted”, as a new genus Paraschéngastia.

hater 1948, Womersley and Heaslip designated Neoschéngastia yeomansi Gun-

ther 1939, as type of Paruschéngastia.

At the time, however, it was not recognized that these characters were also

those of V. americana and it was only in 1946 that Ewing recognized that

N. americana and P. yeomansi were eongeneric. The present writer is in full

agreement with this, and accepts Paraschéngastia ag dA synonym of Neoschdn-

gastrin,

This position leaves all those species with a normal seutum and non-serrate

chelicerae hitherto placed by Ewing and by Womersley and Heaslip 1943, etc.,

in Neovschéngastia, in need of a new generic name, for which Ewing 1946 has

proposed Ascoschéngastia with Neoschingastia malayensis Gater as the type

species. Wharton 1946, in recently discussing the genus Neoschingastia has

further stressed the striations ou the dorsal scutum as being of generic import-

ance. He points out that these striations are those of the dorsal cuticle, the

posterior portion of the seutum being overlapped by the cuticle. This over-

lapping, however, is not confined to the genus Neeschaéngastin. As instanced

in the present. paper, it also occurs in a few species of Schdngastia (Ascoschén-

gastia), but here the striations are transverse, whereas in Neoschingastia they

are more or less citeular and thus differentiated from the normal dorsal

striations.

WoOMERSLEY-—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 249

NEOSCHONGASTIA BOUGAINVILLENSIS Wharton and Hardeastle 1946.

J. Parasitol., 1946, 32, (3), 296 fig. (larva).

Plate 74, fig. E,

This species was described from Hirwndo tahitica trom Bougainyille,

July, 1944, and from Anous stolidus and Heterocelus incanus from Guam, May

and September respectively, 1945. It is differentiated from all other species by

the peculiar rounded elevation on the basal segment of the chelicerae and by

the broadly clavate sensillae fitting into a well marked pair of pits posterior

ot the sensillae bases,

The galeal setae are nude, and on the palpi the femoral and genual setae

are strongly branched; the tibia with the dorsal seta nude, the lateral nude or

with an indistinct branch, the ventral distinctly branched. The scutum is as

figured (after Wharton and Hardcastle) with the lateral margins strongly

concave and the posterior margin moderately shallow bui concave medially.

The DS are ca. 90 in number and from 37, long anteriorly to 33. posteriorly,

in rather indefinite rows. All coxae unisetose. Ventral setae 10-80,» long,

about 80 in number posterior of coxae ITI, Tarsus ITI without any long nude

seta,

The Standard Data from Wharton and Hardeastle’s data for 4 specimens

treated statistically are :

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 58+7541-75 3-50c1 +24 48+ 25-69-25 55-0-63+0 6-0

PW 87<7541-93 3°8641-36 76-2-99-3 84-0-92-0 4-4

8B 29: 2541-11 2-220-78 22+6-35-9 270-320 7°5

ASE 229-750-638 1-26+0-44 25-95-33-55 28-0-31-0 462

PSB 26-01-18 3-371-68 15-9-36-1 24-0-31+0 12-9

8D 55+7521-+18 2+360-83 48-05-62 -85 54-0-59+0 4-2

A-P 41-7542:01 4-0341-42 29-65-53 +85 36-0-45-0 9-6

AM 60° 7521-65 3+3041+17 50-35-70-15 56+0-64-0 5-5

AL 60-50-29 0-570-20 58-8-62-2 60°0-61+0 0°95

PL 60+ 2520-+25 0-500-25 58+75-61-75 60-0-61-0 0-8

Sens, 85 -52k0-96 1-910 - 68 29+8-41-2 34,0-38-0 5-4

NroscHONGASTIA STRONG! Wharton and Hardeustle 1946.

J. Parasitol., 1946, 32 (3), fig. (larva).

Plate 75, fic. EH.

Described from larvae from Numenius phaeopus from Guam, July, 1945,

and from Arenaria interpres from Peleliu, September, 1945. Distinguished

250 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

from all other species by the nude seta on the palpal genu, the relative close-

ness of the sensillae bases and the sensillae themselves lying in depressions an-

terior of the sensillae bases. Galeal setae nude, as are also the dorsal and lateral

setae of the palpal tibia.

The dorsal setae are from 35h to 17p long, with a pair of humeral setae

plus ca. 70 in irregular rows. Coxae III unisetose. Tarsus of leg III with a

long nude seta.

The Standard Data given by Wharton and Hardcastle for 3 specimens,

treated statistically are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 40-041-0 1-730-71 34'8-45-2 39-0-42-0 4:3

PW 65-321-2 2°080°85 §9 -1-71-5- 63-0-67-0 2:2

SB 13-02%1°15 2-00+0+82 7-0-19+0 11:0-15-+0 Li-4

ASB 83°7+0-67 1-15+0-+47 30-2-37-2 33-0-35-0 3-4

PSB 14-30-67 1-152%0-47 10-8-17-8 13-0-15-0 8-0

8D 48-02%1°15 2-0-+0-82 42-0-54-0 46*0-50-0 4-2

A-P 34-3+0-88 1-53+0°62 29-7-38-9 33-0-36+0 4-4

AM 24-32b7-45 2°52%1-03 16-8--21-8 22°0—-27-0 10°3

AL. 36-71-20 2-0820-85 30-5-39-0 35-0-39°0 or7

PL 38-73-18 §-622b2+25 22+2-55+2 35-+0-45°0 14°23

Sens, 21-520-5 0°71+0+35 19-4-23-6 21- 0-220 3-3

NEOSCHOUNGASTIA MONTICOLA Wharton and Hardeastle 1946.

J. Parasitol., 1946, 32, (3), 301, fig. (larva).

Plate 75, fig. D.

Deseribed from Monticola solitarius from Okinawa, from June to August,

1945.

In this species the form of the sensiJlae is unusual for this genus, these

being very long with a long and clavate attenuated head, furnished with long

fine setules. The scutum is as refigured here, after Wharton and Hardcastle,

with PL very much longer than AM or AL. The galeal setae are short and

nude. On the palpi the femoral and genual setae are branched as is the yentral

tibial; the dorsal snd lateral tibial setae are nude.

The DS setae number 38 to 40, are from 62» to 39n long, and arranged

ca. 2.8,6.6.6.6.4.2. All coxae unisetose, only 2 sternal setae and posterior of

¢oxae IIT about 50 setae. A nude long seta on tarsi III.

The Standard Data, treated statistically for the measurements of 5 speci-

mens given by Wharton and Hardeastle are:

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScruB TYPHUS MITES 251

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 55-841-2 2+6840-85 47 +8-63-8 54:0-60°0 4-8

PW 77-8+2-0 4-3841°38 64+7-90-9 72:0-82-0 56

SB 32-40-82 1-880-82 26+9-37-9 30+0-34°0 5°7

ASB 24-60-60 1+3440-42 20+6-28-6 24-0-27-0 5-4

PSB 26-41-25 2:T9*0-38 18+ 0-34-8 24+0-31-0 10-6

8D 51-01-82 4-0641-28 38+8-63-2 48-0-58-0 7:9

A-P 27-20-20 0-4540-14 25+9-28-5 270-28 +0 1-6

AM 42-62-77 6°19+1-96 24-1-61-1 360-49 -0 14°5

AL 3500-83 1-870-59 29+4-40-6 33-0-37 +0 53

PL 7522280 6-26+1-98 5G°4-94-0 66-0-82-0 83

Sens. 70-752-80 5°68+2-01 53*75-87°75 63-0-75-0 8-0

NEOSCHONGASTIA POSEKANYI Wharton and Hardcastle 1946,

J. Parasitol,, 1946, 32, (3), 302, fig. (larva).

Plate 75, fig. A.

Described from Monticola solitarius aud Streptopelia orientalis from Okin-

awa, May and July, 1945.

This species can be distinguished as in the key. As stated by the above

authors it is close to gallinarum but can be at once distinguished by the long

nude seta on tarsi ITT.

The dorsal scutum is roughly rectangular and rather long, with the mar-

gins lightly sinuous; AM is much stronger and with longer branches than AL

or PL, but shorter than these. The sensillae are globular with the tip rather

truncate, and their bases much nearer to Ali than to PL.

The galeal setae are nude, and on the palpal femur, genu and tibia only

the dorsal tibial is nude. All coxae unisetose. The dorsal setae number 34,

from 52. to 4838p long, and are arrauged 2.8.6.8.4.2.2.2. Posterior of coxae III

‘the ventral setae are 6.6.2.6.2.2.

The Standard Data, treated statistically from 5 specimens, quoted by

‘Wharton and Hardcastle are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deyiation Range Range Variation

AW 75-21-46 3-27+1-03 65 -4-85-0 70-0-78-0 4-3

PW 79-81-33 2.970.904 70+9-88 "7 77+0-84+0 a-7

SB 47+441-+36 3-05-+0-96 38+3-56°5 45+0-52-0 6-4

ASB 25-41-03 2+300-73 18-5-32-3 22-0-27-0 9-0

PSB 33-61-17 2-61+0-82 25+8-Al+4 29-0-35-0 7:7

sD 59-02-1134 3-00+0-95 50-0-68-0 56-0-63-0 5-1

A-P 29-40-68 1-51+0-48 24°9-33 +9 28-0-31-0 5-1

AM 49-07]-14 2550-81 41+4-86°6 45-0-52-0 5-2

AL 74-84-42 9+882b3-12 45°2-104-4 66-0-91-0 12-2

PL 52-41-57 345141-11 41-9-62-9 49-0-56-0 6-7

Sens. 29-7541-61 3+59+1+13 18-95-40-55 27-0-35-0 12-0

252 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

NEOSCHONGASTIA GALLINARUM (Hatori 1929).

Trombicula gallinarum Hatori 1920. Taiwan Igakkai Zasshi, No. 209, pl. II,

fig. 1-6; Kawamura and Yamaguchi 1921, Kitasato Archiv, Exper. Med. 4,

169; Fletcher, Lessler and Lewthwaite 1928, Tr. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med-

Hyg., 22, 161,

Neoschéngastia gallinarum, Sugimoto, 1936, J. Jap. Soc. Veterinary Sei., 15,

201; Wharton and Hardeastle, 1946, J. Parasitology, 32, (3), 292.

Paraschéngastia gallinarum, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soc.

8S. Aust., 67, (1), 130.

Schéngastia gallinarum, 1947, Sig Thor and Willmann, Das Tierreich, 71b, 3/4.

Plate 69, fig, A-H.

This specific name was attributed by Kawamura and Yamaguchi to Hatori

for a ‘‘red mite’? from fowls in Formosa, At the time of publishing their

paper in 1943, Womersley and Heaslip had been unable to find any reference

to the use of this specific name, or of any figures or description by Hatori, and

therefore gave Kawamura and Yamaguchi as the author. Sugimoto, 1936, in

his paper gives the above reference to Hatori’s paper which appears to have

contained figures and description. I have, however, not been able to obtain

Hatori’s paper, but from the evidence it appears that gallinarum must. be attri-

buted to Hatori himself.

Sugimoto (1936) described and figured the larvae also from Formosa.

Fletcher et al. (1988) referred to a ‘‘red mite’’ of fowls and other birds

from the Federated Malay States, but did not give a description and only

figured the dorsum and dorsal scutum, Their figures, however, compared with

those of Kawamura and Yamaguchi and of Sugimoto are not very convincing

as to the identification. Kawamura and Yamaguchi gave the following details

of the larvae: seutal length 42, scutal width 65-1p, sensillae 22-5. long with

head 14:5 < 14-5 and strongly ciliated; DS 33, long and arranged 14.10,6.8.6

(i.e. 44 in number).

From their figure, however, the DS are 2.11.9.8.6.2 or 38 in number.

Sugimoto shows them as 2.10.8.8.6.6.2 or 42 in number.

The Standard Data computed from Kawamura and Yamaguchi’s figures

and data in 1943 by Womersley and Heaslip were: AW 52:0, PW 60-0, SE

35-0, ASB 16-5, PSB 26-5, SD 43-0, A-P 31-0, AM 32-0, AL 35-0, PL 50-0,

Sens, 22:5 with head 14°5/14-5.

Fleteher ef al. 1938 give the DS as 2,12.10.8,6.4.2 (—44) and from their

figures the Standard Data were computed (1943) as: AW 52:0, PW 60-0, SB

42-0, ASB 19-0, PSB 26-0, SD 45-0, A-P 30-0, AM 34-0, AL 35-0, Pl) 33-0,

Sens. 26-0.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 253

This species was placed by Womersley and Heaslip 1943 in Paraschingastia

(= Neoschéngastia) on the presence of the pronounced transverse crest from

which the sensillae arise. None of the figures extant, however, shows the

typical cuticular striations of this genus.

The type and 19 paratypes are stated by Sugimoto (1936) to be in the

Taihoku Imperial University Museum, Taihoku.

Recently at my request, Dr. J. R. Audy hag recovered this Species from

fowls at Kuala Lumpur, F.M.S., and from 4 specimens sent to me, the follow-

ing redescription and figures are given. These specimens agree very well with

the details and figures given by Fletcher et aJ.1928, Kawamurra and Yamaguchi

1921, Sugimoto 1936, and Hatori 1920. There is no doubt but that the Kuala

Lumpur specimens are identical with Hatori’s Formosan material.

fte-description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval, widest anterior of the

middle. Length (engorged) to 390u, width to 320n. Seutum rather small,

somewhat trapezoidal, with sensillae wide apart in a distinct crest and

placed nearer to line of AL than to PL; AM scutal seta the shortest, AL and

PL subequal with PU slightly the shorter; sensillae globose and setulose; pos-

terior half with semicircular striations, anterior half punctate. Eyes well

developed, on ocular shields; posterior eyes the smaller, Chelicerae simple

with only the apical tricuspid cap, and an inner subapical forwardly directed

tooth. Palpi with trifureate tibial claw; setae on femur, genu and tibia all

ciliated or branched. Galeal setae ? nude. Dorsal setae 46 in number,

arranged 2.10.8.6.8.6.4.2, to 33 long. Ventrally with paired branched setae

on maxillae, a pair between coxae I and between eoxae III, a single fine and

short ciliated seta on each coxa, and behind coxae III 40 setae, arranged

8.8.6.4.6.6.2, to 304 long, Legs: I 240u long, IT 200.2, IIT 227; tarsi I and

II with usual dorsal sensory rod, III with a long nude seta.

The Standard Data derived from the 4 recent specimens from Kuala

Lumpur are ;

Standard Theorctical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 55-3-0°70 1:4020°49 §1-1-59-5 53 +2~-56-0 2-5

PW 67«9-0-70 1-40+0-49 fid-7~-72°1 67 -3-70-0 2-0

8B 42-0 No variation réeorded

ASB 19-6 No variation recorded

PSB 25°2 No variation recorded

8D 44-8 No variation recorded

A-P 28-70-70 1:4020+49 24-5-82-9 28-0-30°8 4-9

AM 229-940-935 1+610-66 25-1-34-7 28-0-30-8 Be4

AL 45-520:70 1-40+0-49 41-3-49°7 448-47 +6 3-1

PL 45°71-34 2°69+0.95 87+6-53 ‘8 42-0-47°6 5-9

Sens. 83-6 with head 19-2/22-4. No variation recorded.

254 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

NEOSCHONGASTIA BACKHOUSEI Gunther 1939,

Neoschingastia fournieri Gunther 1938 (nom. nud.), Med. J, Aust., 2, 202.

Neoschéngastia backhousei Gunther 1939, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales,

64, (1-2), 89; Wharton and Hardcastle 1946. J. Parasitol., 32, 294.

Paraschéngastia backhousei Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc, S, Aust., 63, (2),

165; Gunther 1940, Proc. Linn. Soe. New South Wales, 65, (8-4), 252;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67, (1), 130.

Plate 69, fig. FJ.

No fresh material of this species has been collected since the original dis-

covery. The palpal claw is much more slender than in yeomansi and well sur-

passes the tip of the palpal tarsus. The setae on the palpal femur and genu

are well branched but not so much as in yeomansi; on the tiiba the ventral

seta is branched, the dorsal nude and the lateral one- or two-branched, not nude

as stated by Gunther. The chelicerae are probably much as in yeomansi and

other species, but Gunther’s figure is not clear and in the type specimen they

are broken off. The galeal setae are short and branched as figured here. On

the dorsum the setae are uniform in structure without any specialization

posteriorly.

Coxae TIT is unisetose. Leg III is missing.

The Standard Data as given in 1948 (loc. cit.) are: AW 58-0, PW 72-0,

SB 48:0, ASB 23-5, PSB 25-0, SD 48-5, A-P 42-0, AM 37-5, AL 47-0, PL

42-0, Sens. 30-0 with head 15/20.

Loc. Bulolo, New Guinea, ex Megapodius duperreyi 1939 coll. C. Gunther

NEOsSCHONGASTIA EGRETTA Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

J. Parasitol., 1946, 32, (3), 304, fig. (larva),

Plate 74, fig. G.

Described from Egretta intermedia from Okinawa, August, 1945, and from

E. intermedia, Demigretta sacra, Anous stolidus and Pluvialis dominica from

Ulithi Atoll, August, 1945.

This species differs from backhouset. Gunther in the posterior dorsal setae

not arising from platelets and in lacking the posterior dorsal pitting.

The galeal setae are branched, and the setae on the palpal femur and genu

and the ventral on the tibia are branched. The seutum is as figured from

Wharton and Hardeastle. The sensillae are globose with rather a thick and

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Pacific SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 255

relatively long pedicel and the heads lie in rather ill-defined pits posterior of

the sensillae bases, and these pits are surrounded by the cuticular striations.

The dorsal setae range from 45p to 21, in length and there are 2 humeral

setae followed by 66-74, arranged anteriorly in rows of ca. 10. All coxae

unisetose, and posterior of coxae about 64-70 ventral setae. No nude seta on

tarsi IIT,

Wharton and Hardeastle’s data for 4 specimens treated statistically are: °

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeif, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 65+3-21-67 2:89+1+18 566-740 G2°0-67-0 4-4

PW 73+25+0°72 1*44+0°51 67-95-7855 72°0-74-0 2-0

SB 53*0+1-06 2-450°+87 46+7-59-3 50-0-55-0 4+6

ASB 21+752%0°95 1-890°67 16-0-27+4 20-0-24-0 8-7

PSB 30*51-85 3*70+1-30 19+6-41-5 28-0-36+0 12-1

8D 52-252 -60 5191-84 36-9-68-1 49-0-60-0 9-9

A-P 31-51-26 2-5140-89 24-0-39-0 29+0-35-0 8-0.

AM 27-71-76 3-0541°25 18-6-36-8 25‘0-31-0 11-0

AL 57°341+33 2-180'94 5+04-64-2 56+ 0-60-06 4-0

PL 3710-41-22 2-4520-87 29-7-44.-3 35-°0-40-0 6-6

Sens. 31-0 Only one measurement.

NEOSCHONGASTIA STRUTHIDIA sp. 0.

Paraschongastia sp., Gill, Moule and Reik, 1945, Aust. Vet, J., 32, fig. (5).

Plate 70, fig. FJ,

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval, almost cordate. Length,

engorged 450, width 330,. Dorsal scutum as figured with the anterior margin

sinuous, convex medially and laterally; posterior margin rather deep, sinuous

and concave medially; surface anterior of sensillae basés with large but sparse

tuberculations; sensillae globose, apparently nude or with only minute incon-

spicious setulations, the bases about midway between lines of AL and PL,

situated in the usual transverse crest-like wall; posterior with circular stria-

tions. Eyes 2-+ 2, with distinct ocular shields, the anterior eye the larger

and more prominent. Chelicerae as figured, with the usual apical tricuspid

cap, but the forwardly directed snbapical inner tooth not as prominent as in

other species. Galeal setae short and with a few branches. Palpi stout, tibial

claw trifureate, median prong over-reaching tip of tarsus; setae on femur and

genu long and strongly branched; on tibia, dorsal nude, lateral with a few

indistinct branches, ventral slender and shortly branched; tarsus with the

usual subapical and gub-basal sensory rods and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal

setae slender and very shortly ciliated, 32 im number and arranged 2.8.6.6.4.4.2,

256 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

to 54p long. Ventrally with the usual pair of branched setac on gnathosoma,

one on all coxae, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter

6.4.6.4.2.2, to 40» long. Legs: I 420” long, IL 360u, ITI 440y; tarsi I and

IL with the usual dorsal rod-like setae, IIL without a long nude seta, the corre-

sponding setae being shortly but distinctly ciliated; tarsi I without the con-

spicuous dorsal subapical lobe of entomyza.

The Standard Data from the type and 5 paratypes are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 75° 5-20-92 2°26+0-65 68-7-82'3 73-0-79-+0 30

PW 85-0-0°77 1-90-0-55 79-3-92-7 82-0+88-0 2.2

SB 43-0+0-63 15520 +45 38-3-47-7 42-0-45-0 3-6

ASB 22-5-40-°67 1°6440°47 17 *6—27+4 21-0-24:0 7-3

PSB 80°3+0-36 0°82-£0-23 27°9-32-7 30+ 0-32-0 2-7

SD §2-80-89 2-1440-62 46-4-57+2 51-0-56-0 4-0

A-P 330 No variation recorded

AM 57-60-60 1-340-42 53-6-61-°6 57-0-60-0 2-3

AL 85+8=0°+83 2-040+59 79-7-91-9 85°0-90-0 Qed

PL 51-7521:43 2-871°-01 43 -1-60-4 48-u-54-0 55

Sens. 32-0 with head 24/24,

Lee. Described from 6 specimens from an Apostle Bird, Struthidia

cinerea: from Lagan Downs, Clermont, Queensland 1944 (D. A. Gill).

Remarks. The slide containing the type and two paratypes is in the

McMaster Laboratory, Sydney and another slide of 3 paratypes is in the

South Australian Museum collection. I am indebted to Mr. D, A. Gill of the

McMaster Laboratory for the opportunity of describing this material.

NEOSCHONGASTIA RETROCINCTA Gunther 1939.

Neoschingastia retrocoronata Gunther 1938 (nom. nud,), Med. J. Aust,, 2,

(6), 202.

Neoschéngastia retrocincia Gunther 1939, Proc, Linn, Soe. New South Wales,

64, (1-2), 87; Wharton and Hardeastle 1946, J. Parasitol, 32, (3), 295.

Paraschéngastia retrocincta, Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 63, (2),

165; Gunther 1940, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 65, (8-4), 247;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 131,

Plate 70, fig. A—H.

In this species the palpal claw is trifureate with the median prong about

twice as long as the others and reaching well beyond the tip of the palpal

tarsus. The setae on the palpal femur and genu are strongly branched; on

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 257

the tibia the ventral seta is strongly branched, the dorsal nude, lateral 2-3

branched; long dorsal seta on palpal tarsus somewhat fasciculate. Chelicerae

as in yeomanst, Galeal setae 2-3 branched.

Posteriorly on the dorsum and venter is a semicircular area demarcated

by a cirele of stout, finely serrated spines to 72 long; inside the area are a

number of large, more or less rectangular to round, finely pitted platelets from

which arise short, 25p long, pointed and finely serrate scetae. The dorsal setae

are normally ciliated and tapering to 40p long.

Coxae III are furnished each with 2 setae; tarsus III has not got a long

nude seta as stated by Gunther, the corresponding seta being finely but perhaps

less ciliated than the others.

The Standard Data for the type and 3 paratypes reported on in 1943

(loc, cit.) and 3 specimens from scrub at Lae, New Guinea, 9th April, 1944

(R. N. MeCulloch) and 1 specimen from the mound of a bush turkey Dobodura,

June 1944 (G .M. Kohls), N.G., are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 71-4+0-70 2-00+0-50 65:4-77:4 70-0-75°0 2-8

PW 84-51-35 3-82+0-95 73*1-95-9 80-0-91-0 4-5

8B 55-5-40-71 2-00+0750 49-5-61:5 54-0-G0-0 3-6

ASB 28-0 No variation recorded

PSB 2148-40-76 2-01+0-54 15 «3-27 °3 210-250 9-4

sD 44+4-+0-53 1°39-0+37 40°2-48-6 42+0-46-0 3-1

A-P 35+ 250-25 0-7140-18 33-15-37735 34-0-36+0 2-0

AM. 36°0 No variation recorded

AL 72-01-07 2°83+0°76 63° 6+-B0-4 70-0-76-0 3-9

Ph 51-41-49 3952106 39-77-6281 44-0-56-0 7*7

Sens. 36-0 with head 20/37.

NEoscHéONGASTIA YEOMANST Gunther 1939,

Neaschéngastia jamesi Gunther 1939 (nom. nud.), Med, J, Aust., 2, 202.

Neoschéngastia yeomansi Gunther 1939, Proc, Linn. Soe. New South Wales,

64, (1-2), 81; nec. Wharton and Hardeastle 1946, J. Parasit., 32, (3), 293.

Paraschéngastia yeomanst Womersley 1939, Tr, Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 63, (2),

166; Gunther 1940, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 65, (3-4), 252;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe. S$, Amst., 67, (1), 181.

Plate 71, fig. A—K.

Tn this species the palpal claw is trifureate and short and stumpy, with

the median and longest prong only slightly over-reaching the apex of the

palpal tarsus. The chelicerae are more serrate, with an apical tricuspid cap

258 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MuszEuM

of which the ventral tooth is rather pronounced, and on the inner (dorsal) edge

with a prominent forwardly directed tooth, The galeal setae are short with

4 or § branches. The setae on the palpal femur and genu are long, with Jong

outstanding branches; on the tibia the dorsal and lateral setae are relatively

short and nude; the ventral tibial seta is much longer with about 4 long

branches; the palpal tarsus carries the usual subapical and sub-basal sensory

rods and 5-6 ciliated setae, the longest of which is fascienlate, and over-

reaches apex of claw. There is no long nude seta on tarsi III as stated by

Gunther (a sub-basal long outstanding seta is present but distinetly, though

shortly, ciliated).

The dorsal scutum is as figured with AL the longest, and AM the shortest

and situated well posterior of line of AL; the sensillae are situated wide apart,

about equidistant between lines of AL and PL, globose with very fine villosity,

and their bases in a crescentie wall; the anterior half of the seutum is pitted,

and the posterior half with circular overlapping striations.

The scutal and anterior dorsal setae are tapering, closely and shortly

ciliated, The anterior dorsal setae number approximately 70, followed posteri-

orly by an area, more or less pitted and carrying about 40 stout spine- or awl-

like setae, situated on platelets, and with their margins sparsely serrated; the

anterior setae are from 45 to 354 long, decreasing posteriorly, and the pos-

terior spines to 42, long,

Coxae I and II are unisetose but III are bisetose. In 7 paratypes in

the South Australian Museum, 5 paratypes in the collection of Wharton and

Hardcastle, as well as in two specimens from Lae, New Guinea, there is no

variation in the setation of coxae IIT. The setae on coxae I and II are very

long.

Ventrally, behind coxae III are about 48 tapering ciliated setae anterior

of the anus, and then about 40 serrated spines on platelets as on the dorsum.

The Standard Data for 7 paratypes and two specimens from Lae, N.G., are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 77-15+0+49 1-47%0-35 72-75-81 -55 75-6-78-4 1-9

PW 103+121-85 3561-31 86-4-119-8 98+0-112-0 5rd

SB 64-10-56 1-6820°39 59-1-69+1 61-6-67-2 2°6

A£B 30°5E0131 0-93-+-0-22 27-7333 28-0-30-8 3-0

PSB 28°3-40-31 0980-22 25-5+31+1 28:0-30-8 3+3

8D 58-80-47 1-40+0-338 54-663 -0 56-0-61-6 2-4

A-P 36-420 -66 1-98-4047 30-5-4B +3 33*6-39-2 5r4

AM 39°241-22 3-23-+0-86 32-5-45-9 33 - 6-420 8-2

AL 83-10-87 2-46+0-62 75-7-90-°5 78-4-86-8 3-6

PL 55*620+40 1:0620-28 52-4-58-+8 53+ 2-56:0 1-9

Sens. 39°23 with head 20/28, No variation recorded.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScrRuB TyPHUS MITES 259

Loc. and Hosts. From Megapodius duperreyt from Bulolo, N.G. (Gunther

1939), and two specimens from Lae, N.G., 9/4/1946 (R. N, McCulloch), col-

lected on boots.

Remarks. In 1946, Wharton and Hardeastle, recorded as N. yeomans:

Gunther, 5 specimens from Pelelin and Palau Islands in the Western Pacific,

from Gallus gallus and Megapodius laperouse respectively.

Of these specimens, which they compared with 5 paratypes of yeomanst,

they found that one had 2-+ 3 setae on coxae III, three had 3+ 3, and one

444,

In the present paper, two new species are recognized, which, while closely

related to yeomansi, both differ in having the setae on coxae IIL normally

3+ 3, but variable from 2 to 4 on either side. From fourteen specimens of

yeomanst known to me, there is no variation from the normal 2-++ 2, The new

species, mequeent, from Bougainville, however, shows 3 -+ 3 in 5 out of 6 speci-

mens; the other specimen has 3+ 4. In 31 specimens of owtensis sp. n, from

Owi Island, Dutch New Guinea, 15 have 3 + 3, fourteen have 3+ 4, and two

have 2+ 3,

As there are, however, other differences between these three species, it

would appear that the Peleliu and Palau specimens may be either mcqueeni or

owiensis but almost certainly not yeomansi Gunther. Unfortunately, Wharton

and Hardeastle do not give figures or details sufficiently to fix their material

at present, The Standard Data given, suggests, however, its tentative associa-

tion with owtensis sp. n.

NEOSCHONGASTIA OWIENSIS SP. Nn.

Plate 71, fig. F-H; 72, fio, A-B.

Description of Larvae. Length (unengorged) to 330, width to 210.

Shape oval, slightly wider anterior of middle. Dorsal seutum as figured, with

scutal setae tapering with long, outstanding branches; AM the shortest and

well behind line of AL, AL the longest; sensillae distinctly setulose, more so

than in yeomansi; anterior half of seutum pitted, posterior half over-lapped

with circular striations. Eyes 2-+ 2, on distinct ocular shields. Chelicerae

with apical tricuspid cap, and on inner (dorsal) edge with a strong, forwardly

directed subapical tooth. Galeal setae fine with only 2 or 3 fine branches.

Palpi stout, femur and genu with strongly branched setae; dorsal and lateral

setae of tibia nude, ventral branched; palpal tarsus with 4 or 5 ciliated setae,

the longest slightly fasciculate, and the usual subapical and sub-basal sensory

rods; claw short and stumpy, trifurcate, Dorsal setae with long outstanding

260 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

ciliations on anterior rows; anteriorly approximately 76, posteriorly approxi-

mately 46 stout, awl-like spines, distinctly ciliated rather than serrated as in

yeomans?. Ventrally a pair of branched setae on mazillae, one fairly long on

coxae I and II, and normally 8-++3 (frequently 3+ 4, rarely 2+8) on

coxae JIT; a pair of branched setae between coxae I and between coxae IIT,

and thereafter approximately 50 tapering ciliated setae anterior of anus, and

approximately 40 spines behind anus, similar to dorsal spines. Anterior dorsal

setae to 45p, posterior spines to 42,.

Legs: I 390 long, IL 8300p, IIL 390y; tarsi I and II with usual dorsal

sensory rod; ITI without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for 31 specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deyiation Range Range Variation

AW 7970-39 2-1620-28 73+ 2-86 +2 75+6-84-0 2-7

PW 93-5041 2°26+0-29 86°7—100°3 89° 6-98-0 2-4

BB 62-1520-31 1-700-22 57-05-67 «25 58°8-64-4 2-7

ASB 28-320°15 0830-10 25+8-30-8 28+0-30°8 2-9

PSB 27+45+0-20 1-1140-14 24-15+30-75 25+2-28+0 4-0

8D 55-70-23 1:30+0-16 51-8-59-6 5§3-2-58°8 23

A-P 35+3-0°27 1-58+0-19 30-7-39-9 3346-39-22 4-3

AM 34-80-39 2-130 -27 28-4-41.2 28+ 0-39 +2 6-1

AL 80+8+0-58 3-21+0-41 71-2-90°4 728-84 +0 4-0

PL 51-60-55 3-040-39 42-5-60-7 47-6-56+0 6-0

Sens. 39-2 with head 20/28, No variation recorded :

Loc, Twenty-two specimens from boots, Owi Island, Duich New Guinea,

July and August 1944 (GM. Kohls), and nine specimens from somewhere in

the Western Pacific, (U.S. Navy, 3,505, A8).

Remarks. This species is close to yeomansi Gunther, but differs mainly in

the setation of coxae III, the nature of the dorsal and seutal setae, and in the

Standard Data. From mcqueeni sp. u., from Bougainville, it differs in the

much larger dorsal scutum, and the very different Standard Data,

NEOSCHONGASTIA MCQUHENI Sp. ni.

Plate 72, fie. C-G.

Description of Larvae. Shape ovoid. Length (unengorged) to 270p,

width to 180z, Scutum as figured, with AL the longest and AM the shortest

and about in line with AL; all seutal setae with long outstanding branches;

sensillae globose and distinctly with fairly long setules, their bases wide apart

and in a crest about midway of the sental depth. Hyes 2 + 2, on distinct ocular

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 261

plates. Chelicerae with apical tricuspid cap, and on inner (dorsal) edge a

strong forwardly directed subapical tooth. Galeal setae five with 2 or 3 fine

branches. Palpi fairly stout; setae on femur and genu with fairly long

branches; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral shortly branched; tarsi

with the usual subapical and suh-basal sensory rods and 5 to 6 ciliated setae;

tibial claw trifurcate but not short and stumpy as in yeomansi and ourensis.

Dorsal setae, anteriorly approximately 60 in 6 rows of fine, tapering setae with

long outstanding setules, posteriorly with about 28 stout awl-like spines with

distinct short ciliations; anterior setae to 42. long, spines to 284. Ventrally,

with a pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on each of coxae I and II, three

(rarely four) on each of coxae III, a pair between coxae I and between

coxae III and thereafter ca. 42 fine ciliated setae followed hehind the anus by

ca. 36 spines similar to those on dorsum, The setae on coxae I and II are not

as. long as in yeomanst and owiensis.

Legs: I 340, long, II 300, III 330; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory

rod, IIL without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and 5 paratypes are:

Standard ‘Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation. Range Range Variation

AW 65-+50°68 1+53+0+48 60+9=70+1 6464-672 2:3

PW T4*521-68 3*7641/19 63-2-85-8 70°0-78+4 5-0

SB 47-6 No yariation recorded

ASB 26-60-40 0-98+0+28 23*7-29°5 25°2-28-0 3-6

PSB 22-4 No variation recorded

sD 49-00-40 0-98+0'28 46+1-51°9 47-86-5004 2-0

A-P 32:7+0°59 1-44+0-42 28+4-37-0 30-8336. 44

AM 32-240°81 1-62+0°57 27-4-37-0 30-8-83-6 5-0

AL 57-40-81 1-62-0-57 §2:6-62-2 56-0-58-8 2-8

PL 42-0 No variation recorded

Sens. 28-0 with head 19/19. No variation recorded.

Loc. The type and 5 paratypes in the collection of the South Anstralian

Museum, from a small island to the North of Bougainville, August, 1946

(G. H, MeQueen).

Remarks. This species is very closely related to both owiensis and yeo-

mansi but differs from these in the much smaller dorsal scatum and Standard

Data, and particularly in the tibial palpal claw not being stumpy. The scutal

and dorsal setae are long branched as in owtensis. The dorsal setae are

also somewhat fewer in number. Coxae IIT igs trisetose as in owiensis, but

only rarely 4-setose (not frequently asin owlensis); of the 6 specimens, only

one showed 3 -+ 4 setae.

262 RECORDS OF THE §.A. MUSEUM

NEOSCHONGASTIA ATOLLENSIS Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

J, Parasitol., 1946, 82, (3), 306, fig. (larva).

Plate 74, fig. H,

Described from Nwmenius phacopus from Ulithi Atoll, August, 1945, and

also from other birds from Okinawa, July, 1945.

This species is closely related to namrui Wharton and Hardcastle in having

coxae IIT with more than 5 setae, the number varying from 5 to 7. In namrui

the number varies from 7 to 12. The galeal setae are nude, whereas in namrwi

they are feathered,

The dorsal sentum ig as figured, after Wharton and Hardcastle, PW much

wider than AW. The seusillae are globose, with short pedicel and the sen-

sillae heads lie in fairly well defined depressions surrounded by the circular

cuticular striations. The Al setae are the longest. On the palpi the dorsal

and lateral setae on the tibia are nude, the ventral and the femoral and genual

are branched.

The dorsal setae are from 21 to 49. long, with four humeral setae and

then ca, 120 arranged in rows of 12 or less. Coxae I and II unisetose, posterior

of coxae IIT about 100 setae ventrally. No long nude seta on coxae ITI.

The Standard Data as given by Wharton and Hardcastle for 6 specimens

and treated statistically are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 46+50+95 2+34--0-68 39-5-53 +5 42-0-48-0 5-0

PW 69-22-88 T-0742-04 48-0-90-4 56-0-77-+0 10-2

SB 20°51+58 3+88+1-12 &-9-32-1 14-0-24-0 19:0

ASB 19-51-06 2-582E0°75 11-8-27-2 15+0-22-0 13+2

PSR 31-24+1-30 3+1940+92 21-7—-40-7 27-0-35+0 10-2

8D 50°72 -03 49741-4383 35-8-65°6 42°0-56-0 9-8

A-P 41-*7+1-92 4-72+1-36 27-6-55-8 34-0-48-0 11-3

AM. 26-2+1-14 2-79=E0-80 17 -9-34-5 21-0-28-0 10-6

AL 47-72-42 5°9Q2+1+71 30 +0-65-4 36+0-53-0 12-4

PL 33°021-05 2-6820-77 25+0-41-0 28+0-35-0 8-1

Sens, 28-0+4-0 5-6642+83 11+2-29-8 24-0-32<0 20-2

Remarks. The great variability shown above is largely due to the faet

that the one specimen recorded from Okinawa had a very much smaller scutum

than the Ulithi specimens.

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 263

NEoscHONGASTIA NAMRUL Wharton and Hardeastle 1946.

J. Parasitol., 1946, 82, (3), 316, fig. (larva).

Plate 75, fig. G,

Described from Guam from Numenius phasopus in May, 1945, and from

Heteroscelus incanus and Pluvialis dominica in September, 1945; and from

Gygis alba on Okinawa in July, 1946.

This species is remarkable in that the scutum igs slightly longer than wide,

and with PW being shorter than AW, the lateral margins slightly converging

posteriorly; the antero-lateral shoulders are somewhat strongly produced for-

wards. The lateral branches of AM are very long, those of PU not quite so

long, but in both AM and PJ, much longer than in AL. Sensillae globose and

setulose, with their bases nearer to AL than to PL. The galeal setae and all

setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia are branched. The DS setae are very

numerous, 44u long anteriorly to 32» posteriorly; there are about 15 setae on

each shoulder and then about 175 setae behind these.

Coxae III with from 7 to 12 setae and posterior of coxae III with ca. 150

setae. Tarsus JII without any long nude seta, but on the genua of all legs is

a rather characteristic cluster of short nude setae,

The Standard Data for 7 specimens given by Wharton and Hardcastle and

treated statistically are;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Ranga Range Variation

AW F4-441-17 3°1020-83 65+1-78-0 69+0-78-0 42

PW 60-22-06 5-46+1-46 43-9-76-5 53-0-69-0 9-1

8B 40:00-69 1-820-49 34°5-45-5 38+0-43-0 4-5

ASB B4+42-1+92 4-264+1-35 21-6-47-2 27+0-38+0 12:4

PSB 40-00-51 1-26+0-36 36-2-42-8 39+0-42°0 3-2

8D 74-4422 4-938+1-56 59+-7-89-1 66-0-78-0 6-6

A-P 46-20-51 1-34+0-36 42-2-50°2 45:+0-48-0 3:0

AM 61-01:41 3-74241+00 49-8-72-3 54-0-66-0 61

AL 7040-57 1-51+0+40 65-7749 69-0-73-0 Bel

PL 70*42+ 87 7592-03 47-6-93-2 60+0-78-0 10°8

Scns, 36+7+2-15 &*701-52 19-§-53-8 2470-44-0 1-6

Remarks. Close to N. carveri but easily distinguished by the characteristic

scutum, sternal setae and the clusters of nude setae on the genua. of tho legs.

NEOSCHONGASTIA AMERICANA SOLOMONIS Wharton anid Hardeastle 1946.

J, Parasitol., 1946, 32, (3), 289-292, fig.

Plate 74, fig. D.

Wharton and Hardeastle 1946 described a number of specimens from

Bougainville, lwo Jima and Okinawa as a variety of the American species, dis-

tinguished them mainly on the longer seutum.

264 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

For comparison they give the Standard Data of 5 specimens of WV. americana

americana from which the following statistics are now calculated :

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW A9-O-1+14 2+5540-81 41-4-56°6 45° 0-52°0 672

PW 66-81-65 3+7041-+17 55°7-77-9 62-0-72'0 575

5B 30°6241:43 3-21+1-01 21-0-40-2 26+ 0-34°0 10°74

ASP. 17 +4129 2°88--0-97 9-0-26-0 13-0-20-0 16°5

PSB 26-221:24 2-77X0-88 17 -9-34°5 23+ 0-29°0 10°5

8D 43-81-65 3+70-41-17 32+7-54-9 38 0-48-0 84

A-P 27-60-75 1:69+0-53 22-6-32+6 26-0-31-0 6-1

AM 32-51-44 2-89+1-+02 23+9-41°1 29 -0-36-0 8-8

AL 54-7543-66 T+3222°58 - 32-8-76-7 49-0-65-0 13:3

PL 55-53-17 6+ 3522-24 86-5-74+°5 52+0-65-0 11+4

Sens, 25-31-46 2-652%1+03 17 -7-32+9 23-0-27-0 10-0

The corresponding values for nine specimens from the Southern Pacific

from Wharton and Hardeastle’s data are:

Standard Theoretical Observed | Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 51-7-£1+38 4-16+0:98 39 -2-64+2 45-0-57-0 8-0

PW 70-2242 -0 6-011742 52-2-88-2 57 -0-77-0 8:5

SR 24-04+1-43 4-3041-01 21-1--46+9 28-0-39-0 12:7

ASB 25-70-81 2+142b0-+57 19 -3-32-1 24-0-28-0 8-3

PSB 29-40-53 1-39=0-37 25-2-33-6 28-0-31"0 4-7

8D 55240 +83 2-190+59 48-6-61-8 52+0-59-0 40

A-P 35-60-56 1-51+0-40 31-1-40-1. 34-0-38°0 412

AM 43 +621+49 4.47+1°05 30+ 2-57 +0 36+0-50+0 10-2

Al 55-61-90 57041 -34 38-5-72-7 44-0-61-0 10-3

PL 5712-29 6+88+1-62 86-5-77+7 42+0-66-0 12-0

Sens, 25-8+1-0 3-03840-71 18-7-34-9 21-0-29-+0 11-8

From these values the form from the Solomons only differs significantly

in ASB, PSB, SD, A-P and AM, at the 1% level, In Hirst’s figure (loc. cit.)

there is shown a long nude seta very clearly on tarsus III, which is not men-

tioned or figured in Wharton and Hardcastle. It is, however, present in a

specimen, given to me by Dr. Wharton, from Iwo Jima.

The DS are 32, arranged 2.8,.6.4.6.2, and range in length from 68 an-

teriorly to 28 posteriorly. The setae on the palpi femur and genu are

branched, and on the tibia the dorsal and lateral setae have one or two short

branches, and the ventral is distinctly branched. Coxae IIT trisctose.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Pacific SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 265

NEOSOHONGASTIA ENTOMYZA sp. nL.

Paraschongastea, sp., Gill, Moule and Reik, 1945, Aust. Vet. J., 32 (fig, 4).

Plate 72, fig. H-K; 73, fig. A.

Description of Larvae: Shape oval. Length, unfed, 4054, width 255p.

Dorsal seutum as in fig. 66 and plate J with the usual 5 ciliated setae and a

pair of finely setulose globose sensillae with their bases arising from a triple

erest about midway between lines of AL and Pl, Anterior margin sinuous

with the shoulders anterior of the middle. Posteriorly the scutum with the

usual ¢rescentic striations. Eyes 2+ 2, very large and on prominent ocular

shields, closely adjacent to the lateral margins of seutum, posterior eyes the

smaller, Chelicerae with the usual apical tricuspid cap and on inner margin a

subapical forwardly directed point. Galeal setae short, with a few short

branches. Palpi stout, tibial claw rather slender and trifureate, the median

and longest prong surpassing apex of palpal tarsus; setae on femur and genu

strongly branched; on tibia, dorsal apparently nude, lateral with one or two

branches, and ventral with many branches; tarsus with the usual subapical and

sub-basal sensory rods and 4 or 5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae shortly ciliated,

to 30x long and 26 in number and arranged 2.8.6.4,4.2. Ventrally with the

usual pair of branched setae on gnathosoma, one on coxae I and II, three on

coxae III, a pair between coxae I and between ecoxae III and thereafter ca.

6,4.4.2.4.2, to 30% long; the posterior dorsal and ventral setae are similar to

the anterior and do not arise from platelets, Legs rather long and slender but

I stronger and thicker than the others; tarsi I with a prominent subapical

dorsal hump; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal rod-like setae, III without

any long nude seta, the corresponding setae being distinctly but shortly

ciliated. Leg I 470u long, IL 415p, ITT 496.

The Standard Data from one paratype and 13 other specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 47-10-51 2+100+41 40-8-53-4 44+8--50+4 4-4

PW 68-90-57 9-43--0-48 61°6-76°2 64°4-72°8 3°5

SB 30°620-59 2r13-40-42 3B4-2-37-0 28-0-33-6 7-0

ASB 20*°80-38 1:44-£0+27 16-5~25-1 19-6-22+4 6-9

PSB 29-40-39 1-45--0°27 2h-1-33-9 28-0-30°8 4-9

sD 502-0 +46 1°730-33 45-0-55°4 47-63 -2 Bed

A-P 82-40-57 2-12+0-40 26+1-38-7 28-0-36+4 6:5

AM 31-8520+74 2-08-+0-52. 25°6-38-1 30° 8-36+4 G5

AL 37-80-59 2-14-0742 ‘31-4-44-2 36-4-42-0 5:6

PL 45-50-70 2°53240°50 38-82-53 -4 42-0-50-4 5-5

Bens. 30-8 with head 22-4/25-2, No variation recorded.

266 RECORDS OF THE 5.A. MuSEUM

Loc, Said to be common on birds in the Clermont district, Queensland,

along with Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) myzantha sp. n. by Messrs, Gill,

Moule and Reik (Aust. Vet. J., April, 1945). The birds listed ag carrying this

species by these authors are Struthidia cinerea Gould 1837, Entomyzon cyanotis

Latham 1801, Cracticus terquatus Latham 1801, Myzanthe melanocephala

Latham 1801, Gymnorhina tibicen Latham 1801, Ocyphaps lophotes Temminck

1822 and Corvus cecilae Mathews 1912.

Remarks. The description is drawn up from the type and 1 paratype in

the collection of the MeMaster Laboratory, Sydney, and 1 paratype in the South

Australian Museum, all labelled from ‘‘leather head’’ (blue-faced honey-eater,

Entomyzon cyanotis) from Wolfgang, Clermont, Queensland, coll. D. A, Gill,

18 Apr. 1944) and 1 specimen from a ‘‘lousy jack’’ (probably an Apostle bird,

Siruthidia cinerea) from Logan Downs, Queensland, 28th Nov. 1944 (coll.

D. A. Gill) in the MeMaster collection. The 13 other specimens from which the

Standard Data are given were from Entomyzon cyanotis from Buckleton, 0.Q.

(5 spec.), Logan Downs, C.Q. and from Pomatestomus temporalis, Emerald,

0.Q. (2 spec.), all in Nov. 1948 (H.W.),

I am greatly indebted to Mr. D, A. Gill for the opportunity of describing

this species.

NEOSCHGNGASTIA THOMASI (Radford 1946),

Paraschingastia thomasi Radford 1946. Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 116, (2),

(larva).

Plate 73, fig, B—D.

This species was briefly described by Radford from specimens from a

Black-headed Shrike (Lanius nasutus) from Ukrul Road, Imphal, Manipur,

11 Feb., 1946.

In the shape of the scutum it appears to be very close to entomyza sp. n.

only differing in that A—P is much longer and the scutum consequently deeper.

The scutal setae are longer and the globular sensillae apparently nude. Pos-

teriorly the scutum is overlapped by the dorsal cuticle with semicircular

Striations. The DS are slightly fewer than in entomyza and are arranged

2.6.6.4.4.2. No details of palpi and chelicerae are available, The eyes are

2-+ 2, large, on ocular shields with the posterior eyes the smaller, The coxae

are strongly punctate and III trisetose, Posterior of coxae IZ with 8.6.4.4.2.2

setae ventrally.

The Standard Data from Radford’s figures are: AW 44-0, PW 68-0,

SB 23-0, ASB 20-0, PSB 23-0, SD 43-0, A-P 34-9, AM 37-0, AL 51-0,

PL 54-0, Sens, 29-0.

This species is so very close to entomyza that it may quite possibly, whem

more carefully studied from fresh material, be the same.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 267

NEOSCHONGASTIA PAUENSIS Wharton atid Hardeastle 1946.

J. Parasitol., 1946, 32, (3), 311, fig. (larva).

Plate 75, fig. B—D.

Described from Pluvialis dominica from Ulithi Atoll in August, 1945,

Close to N. ewingt but differing in that there are 3-4 setae dorsally on

each shoulder instead of one. On the palpal femur, genu and tibia the setae

are all branched except the dorsal and lateral tibial.

The dorsal scutum is as figured, after Wharton and Hardeastle, with the

lateral margins strongly concave. PL the longest but only slightly longer

than AL, and the sensillae bases slightly in front of half-way between lines

of AL and PL. Galea] setae with 2 short branches,

Dorsal setae from 55p anteriorly to 30, posteriorly; as many as 5 humeral

setae on each side, and then abont 50 in rows of 10, Coxae III with 3-4 setae.

Posterior of coxae Ill with about 60 setae. No long nude seta on tarsi III.

The Standard Data given by Wharton and Hardcastle for 5 specimens

treated statistically are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 57-50-87 1-730°61 52°3-6277 56-0-59-0 5:0

PW 77-0 No yariation recorded

SB 87-25-1-11 2-18+0-78 30+ 6-43 +9 35-0-40+0 5°95

ASB 22D Wo variation recorded

PSB 30-72-03 3:5141-43 20-2-41-2 27-0-34-0 11-4

sD §2°523-50 4:95+2-47 45°3-59+9 49°0-56°0 9-4

A-P $1+2620+75 1-50+0-538 26+75-35-75 29-0-32-0 4-8

AM 35-01-47 2*94+1+04 26+2-43 +8 31-+0-38-0 8-4

AL §2-523°5 4-952>2-47 37-7-67°3 49-0-56-0 9-2

PL §4-75--0-80 1-6120-57 49-95-59-55 53:+0-56-0 3-0

Sens. 29+320°89 1°530°628 24-8-33°8 28-0-31-0 52

NiOsCHONGASTIA SALMI (Oudemans 1922).

Schongastia salmi, Ouds. 1922, Ent. Ber., 6, (126), 81 (brief diagnosis), idem,

6, (128), 114; Salm 1923, Bull. Soc. Pathol. Bxot., 16, 236-300; Walch

1927, Geneesk, Tijds. Ned. Ind., 67, 931-932; Womersley and Heaslip

1944, Tr. Roy. Soc, S. Aust., 68, (1), 98; Sig Thor and Willmann, Das Tier-

reich, 71b, 304,

Plate 73, fig. H-G.

This species was originally briefly diagnosed by Oudemans in Ent, Ben,

July, 1922, 6, (126), 81. Oudemans himself does not appear to have published

any lengthy or full description, but such a description in German was drawn

268 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

up and is in the Oudemans’ library and manuscripts in the possession of the

Dutch Entomological Society under the care of Dr. .G. L. van Hyndhoven. I am

greatly indebted to Dr. Hyndhoven for a copy of this description.

Ondemans also made very careful and detailed drawings, and these (draw-

ings No. 1126, 1127) are in the Oudemans’ collection in the Leiden Museum,

but have not been published. I am indebted to Miss A. M. Buitendijk for

copies of these.

The species was only known from a single specimen collected by Dr. G.

Salm from herbage at Magelang, Java,

In 1923, Salm (loc. cit.) gave a very full description im French, which is

in reality a translation of Oudemans’ manuscript so that it appears he must

have received a copy of this from Oudemans himself. Only figures, very

crude and inaccurate of an entire dorsal view and of the third leg are given,

but not Oudemans’ drawings.

in his description Salm states that the unique specimen is in his collection.

He gives the date of Oudemans’ original description as Apr. 15th, 1922, but no

description appeared ag far as I have been able to ascertain until July Ist,

1922.

The various characteristics of the animal and the different measurements

given by Salm agree with Oudemans’ manuscript description and the same

measurements are also given by Walch 1927 (loc, cit.) when he briefly refers

to the species.

The details as given by Oudemans’ description and figures are: Length

450p, width 2672. Femora divided into basi- and telofemur. Length of leg I

225, II 200, IIT 2354. Chelicerae non-serrate, with an imner subapical for-

wardly directed tooth. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifureate; setae on femur and

genu branched, on tibia dorsal and lateral nude but ventral branched. Eyes

large, on ocular shields, posterior the smaller. Scutum as figured, with the

gensillae globose and setulose and inserted in a strongly chitinized wall or crest;

anteriorly pitted, posteriorly with semicircular striations; AL scutal setae the

longest, AM the shortest. Dorsal setae ea, 2.12.12.10.10.10,10,10.10,10.10.10,

=a. 116, with a few on posterior border. Ventrally with paired branched

setae on maxillae, one between coxae I and between coxae III, one on each of

eoxae I and II, and three on coxae IIT. Leg IiT without (7) a long nude seta

on tarsi.

The Standard Data derived from Oudemans’ figures are: AW 78-4,

PW 100-8, SB 57-4, ASB 36-4, PSB 36-4, SD 72-8, A-P 48-4, AM 35-0,

AL 71-4, PL 60-2, Sens. 35-0 with head 23-0/23-0.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 269

Neroscuéncastia puesta Gunther 1939.

Neoschéngastia incerta Gunther 1938 (nom. nud.), Med. J. Aust., 2, (6), 202.

Neoschéngastia dubia Gunther 1939, Proc: Linn, Soc. New South Wales, 64,

(1-2), 89; Wharton and Hardeastle 1946, J. Parasitol., 32, (3), 294.

Paraschingastia dubia Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S, Aust.,

67, (1), 180.

Plate 74, fig, A-C,

This species is so far only known from the unique type from the New

Guinea bush fowl, Megapodius duperreyi from Bulolo.

It is very close to, if not merely a race of, ewingt Wharton and Hardcastle,

from which it only differs in a somewhat larger scutum with longer scutal

setae, and rather more dorsal setae. Acording to Wharton and Hardeastle,

ewingi does not possess a long nude seta on tarsi III, but a paratype in the

South Australian Museum collection presented by Dr. Wharton, does possess

such a seta, as given by Gunther for dubia. On page 310, Wharton and Hard-

castle (loc, cit.) state that ‘‘three (nude setae on tarsi II) are reported for

dubia’’, Reference to Gunther’s original description, however, shows that he

only mentions one such seta.

In their key to species of Nevschéngastia Wharton and Hardcastle separ-

ate dubia from ewingi by the lateral seta on its palpal tibia being nude instead

of ‘‘with a few delicate barbs’’. In view of the lack of other more obvious

differences, and the difficulty, even under oil immersion of detecting such fine

barbs, it may be doubted whether this is a valid distinction.

If ewingt and dubia are different species, then the specific differences are

in the number of dorsal setae, and the Standard Data, When more material of

dubia becomes ayailable it may be established that ewing? is synonymous.

Neoschéngastia dubia is also very close to N. salma Ouds., of which I have

been kindly given copies of Oudemans’ original figures by Miss A. M, Buiten-

dijk of the Leiden Museum, and also a copy of Oudemans’ very detailed

description in German from Oudemans’ manuscript in the possession of the

Entomological Society of Holland, and tnder the care of Dr, G. L. van Kynd-

hoven, to whom I am indebted for the copy. These drawings and deseription

have not so far been published, but I understand that my colleague, Dr, Eynd-

hoven, will shortly do so.

From Ondemans’ drawings and description, both dubia and ewingi are

very close to sali. Oduemans’ speciés appears to differ from the others only

270 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

in having considerably more dorsal setae (ca. 126), in the larger scutum with

scutal setae almost as long as in dubia, and apparently from both in

having no long nude seta on tarsi IIJ. With regard to this last feature, in

view of the fact that it has been shown that Oudemans overlooked such a seta

in Schéngastia vandersandei, it may possibly be that he overlooked it also in

salmt.

The type of salmi from Java is said to be in the ‘‘Finders”’ collection, but

its location has not yet been ascertained.

All three species have trisetose coxae IIT.

The Standard Data of the type of dubia (after Womersley and Heaslip

1943) are: AW 75:0, PW 98-0, SB 60-0, ASB 25-0, PSB 25:0, SD 50-0, A~-P

38-0, AM 45-0, AL 80-0, PL 71-0, Sens. —.

NroscHONGASTIA EWING Wharton and Hardcastle 1946,

J. Parasitol., 1946, 32, 308, fig. (larva).

Plate 75, fig. F,

Described from Egretia intermedia, Pluvialis dominica and Gallus gallus,

Ulithi Atoll, in August 1945; from Gallus gallus on Palau and Peleliu Islands

in September, 1945; and from Heteroscelus incanus from Guam, Sept., 1945.

This species is very close to NV. dubia Gunther from which it differs in not

having a long nude seta (%) on tarsus ITT and the smaller scutum. Wharton

and Hardcastle in comparing this species state ‘‘that there are no nude setae on

tarsi III in WV. ewingi while three are reported from N. dubia”. Actually Gun-

ther states that there ‘‘is only one very long slender nude seta on tarsi IIT’’,

and a re-examination of the type of dubia Gunther confirms this.

The dorsal scutum is as figured (after Wharton and Hardeastle) with the

sensillae broadly clavate and setulose and with AL very much the longest, All

setae on the palpal femur and genu and tibia, except the dorsal tibial, are

branched. The galeal setae have two short branches.

The DS are from 50 to 21, long, with short barbs; they number 60 to 80

in poorly defined rows of 8 to 10, and roughly in two ill defined groups, an

anterior of 40-50 and a posterior of about 39. Ventrally coxae III trisetose,

and posterior of coxae III about 70 setae.

The Standard Data as given by Wharton and Hardeastle for 9 specimens

treated statistically are:

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS. MITES 271

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 62°741°26 3+770-89 51+4-74°0 57-0-69-0 6-0

PW 76-91-85 §-56+1-31 70-3+93-5 70+0-85-0 7-2.

SB 50-91-26 3-79+0-89 39-5-62-3 45-0-55-0 7-4

ASB 22-0+0-80 2-40+0-56 14,8292 18-0-25-0 10-9

PSB 29-20-52 1-56+0-37 24+5-33-9 27-0-32-0 5-4

8D 51-40-97 2-91-40-69. 42-7-60°1 46-0-56+0 5-6

A-P 33-2-40-40 1-20+0-28 29-6-36-8 32-0+-35+0 3°6

AM 31-0-41:0 2-6440-77 23-1-38-9 28-0-35"0 8-5

AL 57 -25+1-43 4-06+1-01 45+05-69 45 50-0-62°0 7-0

PL 40-90-65 1-96+0-46 35*0-46-8 38-0-43-0 4°8

Sens. 28-31-33 2-31+0-94 21-4-35-2 27-0-31-0 B92

NEOSCHONGASTIA RIVERSI Wharton and Hardeastle 1946.

J. Parasitol., 1946, 32, (3), 299, fig. (larva).

Plate 74, fig. F.

This species was described from Eurystomus orientalis, Haliaeetus son-

fordi and Falco severus from Bougainville, the first two hosts in July, and

the last in October, 1944; and from Halycon chloris and E. orientalis from

Samar, Philippine Islands, in March, 1945.

The species is remarkable in that there are 3 pairs of sternal setae instead

of the usual 2 pairs, and the palpal claw is bifureate. The galeal setae are

small and nude. On the palpi all the setae on the femur, genu and tibia are

branched, The dorsal scutum is small, with the anterior margin concave, and

the posterior margin evenly rounded. The seutal and dorsal setae are finely

barbed, The DS are 28 in number, from 29, to 21 long, and arranged

2,8.6.2.4.4.2, -All coxae unisetose. Posteriorly of coxae III on the venter with

4.4.2.4.2 setae. On tarsi IIT there are 4 long nude setae.

The Standard Data from 10 specimens as given by Wharton and Hard-

castle treated statistically are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 38°020+77 2°5740-55 30-3-45-+7 34-0-41-0 6°7

PW 57-40-66 2-20+0-47 50-8-64-0 52-0-40-0 3-8

BB 18+60+54 1+804%0:38 13-+2-24-0 16-0-21-0 9-7

ASB 21-70-79 2°6140-55 13-9-29-5 17-0-25-0 12-0

PSB 17-70-75 2-490 -58 10+ 2-252 10-2-25-2 14-1

8D 39-51+07 3-5620°76 28+8-50-2 31-0-44-0 9-0

A-p 24-6250-65 2-16+0-46 18-1-31+1 21-+0-28-0 8-8

t AM 37-41°22 4:03-0:86 25-3495 31-0-43-0 10-8

AL 53-51-42 4°72+1-01 39 + 4-67 -6 43-0-60-0 8-1

PL 44-01-09 3-34+0-71 34-0-54-0 40-0-49-0 7-6

Sens, 27-00-82 2+720+58 18-9-35-1 23+0-31-0 10°1

272 RECORDS OF THE S.A. Museum

NOSCHGNGASTIA CARVERT Wharton atid Hardeastle 1946,

J. Parasitol., 1946, 32, (3), 813, fig. (larva) fig. (wymph).

Plate 75, fig. C.

Described from larvae from Numenius phueopus, Demigretta sacra, Pla-

vialis dominica and Arenaria interpres from Guam, the first in June and Sep-

tember, 1945, the second and third in July, 1945 and the fourth in Septem-

ber, 1945; from Okinawa from Gygis alba and Sterna dowgallii (sic douglaiz)

in July, 1945, and from Monticola solitarius. in August, 1945; from Pluvialis

dominica from Ulithi Atoll in August, 1945 and from Heteroscelus incanus from

Peleliu Island in September, 1945. |

From a larva from D. sacra from Gnam the nymph was reared by Wharton

and Hardcastle (see section on Adults and Nymphs).

The larvae of this species are distinguished from all others in that there

are numerous setae, ca. 20-22, situated between the coxae and arranged in irregu-

lar rows. Coxae III is multisetose, with from 6-8 setae on each; I and II

unisetose.

The doxsal scutum is characteristic in shape, as figured (after Wharton

and Flardeastle) with PW being only very slightly greater than AW, and the

lateral margins being straight and parallel except at the posterior corners;

the anterior margin is strongly sinuous and the posterior margin straight except

in the middle third where it is deeply incised. The PL scutal setae are very

long and much longer than AM or AL, The sensillae are very broadly clavate

and setulose with the bases nearer to AL than to PL.

The galeal setae are branched. The palpal setae of the femur, genu and

tibia are all branched except the dorsal and lateral tibial.

The dorsal setae are long, from 98a to 662 and posterior of the humeral

setae number ca. 100. On the venter the setae posterior of coxae IIT number

about 100. Tarsus IIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data from 5 specimens given by Wharton and Pardeastle

treated statistically are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 79-83-09 6-912-18 59-1-100-5 7270-90-0 8-6

PW 83-82-75 6-141 -94 65-4-102-2 78°0-93-0 7+3

SR 43-43-69 §-262+2-61 18+6-68-2 36-0-57-0 19-0

ASB 30-00-55 1-220-39 B6'3-33-7 28+0-33-0 4-1

PAB 36-62£0-60 1°3440-42 32-6-40-6 36°0-39-0 3-7

8D 66-6+1-00 2+30+0:73 59*7-73-6 64-0-69-0 a-4

A-P 4§+22-1-35 3:-038+0-96 36-1-54 3. 43+0-48-0 6-7

AM 70-8+3-50 7*823-47 47+*4-94-3 60-0-81-0 11°0

AL 73-82-94 6:57+2-08 54-1-93-+5 66-0-84+0 9-0

PL 1387-08-72 19.49+6-16 78-5-195-5 108-0-162-0 14-2

Sens. 40°2+2-24 5:0327-+58 24*+2-55-2 3H°0-48-0 12-5

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 273

EEY TO THE ASIATIO-PACIFIC SPECIES OF NEOSCHONGASTIA EWING 1929,

S. BTR, 1946,

Sternal setae of two pairs only. Palpal claw trifureate 2 bi 2

More than two pairs of sternal setae .. x os me ws 28

Coxae III with only 1 seta .. 7 ¥ a = me ot 3

Coxae III with more than 1 seta .. - a4 “ a ~-- 10

Galeal setae nude .. Ly he 1% 4

Galeal setae branched a +s sd 8

. With a distinct hemisphaerical elevation on the basal segment of the

chelicerae. DS ca, 90, with only 1 humeral seta on each side, varying

from 57. long anteriorly to 332 posteriorly. Setae on palpal femur

and genn with branches; on tibia with ventral branched, dorsal and

lateral nude.

AW 58-75+10-5, PW 87-75+11-6, SB 29-25+6-7, ASB 29-754

3-8, PSB 26-0+10°1, SD 55-7527-+1, A-P 41-75+13-1, AM 60-75

+9-9, AL 60-541-7, PL 60-25+1-5, Sens, 35-5+5-7,

N. bougainvillensis Wharton and Hardeastle 1946.

Without such a hemisphaerical elevation on basal segment of chelicerae 5

- Dorsal setae more than 50, ca. 72 in number, with only 1 humeral,

from 35p long anteriorly to 17 posteriorly, Seta on palpal femur

branched; on genu nude; on tibia ventral branched, dorsal and

lateral nude. No long nude seta on tarsi ITT,

AW 40-0+5-2, PW 65-3+6-2, SB 13-0+6-0, ASB 33-7+3°4,

PSB 14-3+3:4, SD 48-0+6-0, A-P 34:3+4-6, AM 24-3+-76,

AL 36-7462, PL 88-7+16-5, Sens, 21-5+2-1.

N. strongi. Wharton and Hardcastle 1946,

Dorsal setae fewer than 50 in number... a i, te i 6

. Head of sensillae spindle-like with long fine setules. DS 40 in num-

ber, arranged 2.8.6.6.6.6.4,.2, from 62, long anteriorly to 39» posteri-

orly, Setae on palpal femur aud genu branched; on tibia ventral

branched, dorsal and lateral nude. A long nude seta on tarsi ITI,

AW 55°8+8:0, PW 77°8+13'2, SB 32:4+5:5, ASB 24:6+4:0,

PSB 26:4+8:-4, SD 51-0+12-2, A-P 27:2+1-3, AM 42-6+18-6,

AL 35:0+5:6, PL 75-2--18-8, Sens. 70-75+17-0.

N..monticola Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

Head of sensillae globose -. EG ar a. 35 +t ee T

. With a long nude seta on tarsi TIT, DS 34 in number, arranged

2,8.6,8.4,2.2,2, from 524 long anteriorly to 43p posteriorly, Setae on

palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia ventral and lateral

branched, dorsal nude.

AW 75+2+9°8, PW 79:8+8-9, SB 47-4+9-1, ASB 25-4+6:9,

PSB 338:6+7: 8, SD 59- real , A-P 29+4+4-5, AM 49:0+7-6,

AL 74-8+29-6, PL 52-4+10+ B, Sens, 29: 75£10°5.

N. posekanyi Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

274 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Without any long nude seta on tarsi III. DS 44 in number, arranged

2.12.8.6.10.4,2. Setae on palpal femur and genu branched, on tibia

1. PL the longest,

AW 52-0, PW 60-0, SB 42-0, ASB 19-0, PSB 26:0, SD 45-0,

A-P 30-0, AM 32-0, AL 35-0, PL 50-0, Sens. 26-0.

N. gallinarum Hatori 1920.

8. Posterior body setae arising from platelets. Striations and pitting

weak on posterior sixth of dorsum, DS 72, arranged 2.14.14.10.8.8.

6.6.2.2, to 30-40p long. Setae on palpal femur and genu branched;

on tibia lateral and ventral branched, dorsal nude. No long nude

seta on tarsi III,

AW 58:0, PW 72-0, SB 48-0, ASB 23-5, PSB 25:0, SD 48+5

A-P 42-0, AM 37-5, AL 47-0, PL 42-0, Sens. 30-0.

N. backhousex Gunther 1939,

Posterior dorsal setae similar to anterior and not on platelets .. 9

9. DS 68-76 in number, arranged roughly in rows of 10 except pos-

teriorly, from 45p long anteriorly to 21p posteriorly. Setae on palpal

femur and genu branched; on tibia ventral branched, lateral and

dorsal nude. Punctation on seutum fine and scattered.

AW 65:348+7, PW 73:25+4+3, SB 53:0+7-3, ASB 21-75+5-7,

PSB 30+5+11°+1, SD 52-25+15-6, A-P 81-547-5, AM 27:7+

10-1, AL 57- 3+6- 4, PL 37-047: 3, Sens. 31-0,

N. ‘egretta Wharton and Hardcastle 1946,

DS 32, arranged 2.8.6,6.4.4.2, to 54. long. AL almost twice as long

as PL. Setae on palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia dorsal

nude, lateral and ventral branched. Scutum with sparse but large

punctations or tuberculations.

AW 75:5+6:8, PW 85-0+5-7, SB 43-0+4-6, ASB 22:51:4:9,

PSB 30°3+2- “5, SD 52-8+6- 4 A-P 38-0, AM 57-6--4- “0, AL

85+8+6-1, PL 51-75-+8- 6, Sens. 32-0. N. struthidio spn .

10. Some posterior dorsal and ventral setae -apeeiallsed and spine-like,

and arising from platelets a: aia ws . dd

Posterior dorsal and ventral setae similar { to gator 36 ds . i

11. Coxae III bisetose -. ; ‘a3 bi 6 + +. B®

Coxae IIT tri-, rarely ditsdei-sétdse nA es - 4 . 1

12, Posteriorly, both dorsally and ventrally with a ring of strong long

spines arising from small platelets, and inside the rine a number of

more or less rectangular plates each with a short nude seta. Palpal

claw long and over-reaching tip of tarsus by tarsus length, DS 52,

arranged 2.8(10),12(10), 6.8(19),8.8(6). Setae on palpal femur

and genu branched; on tibia dorsal nude, lateral and ventral

branched.

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 275

AW 71-4+6-0, PW 84°5+11-5, SB 55:5+6-0, ASB 28-0, PSB

21:3+6-0, SD 44-4-+4-1, A-P 35-252-2-1, AM 36-0, AL 72-0+

8-5, PL 51-4-11°8, Sens. 36-0, N. retrocincta Gunther 1939.

Posteriorly no such circle of spines. Palpal claw shorter and

stouter, only slightly exceeding tip of tarsus. DS ca. 100, arranged

2, plus six rows of 8 to 16, then 10(8), 6.4.4. Setae on palpal femur

and genu branched; on tibia dorsal and lateral short and nude,

ventral branched.

AW 77-15+4:4, PW 103-1+16-7, SB 64-1+5-0, ASB 30-54

2-8, PSB 28-322°8, SD 58:84:23, A-P 36-4+5-9, AM 39-2+

9-7, AL 83-1+7-4, PL 55-6+3°2, Sens. 39-2.

N. yeomansi Gunther 1939.

13. DS ca. 120 including ca. 46 spines posteriorly. Seutum iarger.

Coxae III normally 3-setose, but frequently 4-setose,

AW 79-76-5, PW 93-66'8, SB 62+15+5:1, ASB 28-3+:2°5,

PSB 27-45+3+3, SD 55:7+3-9, A-P 35-:3+4-6, AM 34-8+6:+4,

AL 80°8+9-6, PL 51:6+9-1, Sens, 39-2. N. owiensis sp. n.

DS ca. 88 including ca. 28 spimes posteriorly. Senutum smaller.

Coxae III 3-setose (very rarely 4-setose).

AW 65-6+4-6, PW 74:5+11-3, SB 47:6, ASB 26:6+3-0, PSB

22-4, SD 49-0+3-0, A~P 32-7+4°3, AM 32:2+4-9, AL 57-44

4-9, PL 42-0, Sens. 28-0. “ N.mequeent sp. n-

14. With more than 5 setae on coxae II] .. At 7 4 so tb

With fewer than 5 setae on coxae IIT .. +e 42 = .. 16

15. Galeal setae nude. PW greater than AW. Coxae IIT with 7 setae.

DS ca, 120 in number in rows of 10 or fewer, and with about 4

humeral setae on each side, 494 long anteriorly to 21 posteriorly.

Setae on palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia, dorsal and

lateral nude, ventral branched.

AW 46-5+7-0, PW 69-2+21-2, SB 20-5+11-6, ASB 19-5+-7-7,

PSB 31-2+9-6, SD 50-7+14'9, A-P 41:7+14-1, AM 26-2+8-4,

AL 47°7417-7, PL 33-0+8:-0, Sens. 28:0-+16-9.

N, atollensis Wharton and Hardeastle 1946.

Galeal setae branched, PW less than AW. Coxae III with 10

setae. DS ca. 205, with abont 15 humeral setae on each side, and

then ca. 175, to 44 long anteriorly, 324 posteriorly. Setae on palpal

femur, genu and tibia all branched.

AW 74:4+9°3, PW 60-2-+16°5, SB 40°0+5-4, ASB 34-4+12-8,

PSB 40-:0+3°8, SD 74:4+14-8, A-P 46-22+4-0, AM 61:0+11:-2,

AL 70'4+4°5, Pl: 70+4+22-8, Sens. 36-°7+17°1.

N. nomrui Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

276

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Body setae fewer than 50 a ea A -t 72 te BET

Body setae more than 50 .. ze = +A a6 1+ -. 19

DS 32 in number, arranged 2.8.6.4.6.4.2, from 68, anteriorly to 28,

posteriorly. All setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia branched, A

long nude seta on tarsi ITT.

AW 51-7+12-5, PW 70:2+18-0, SB 44:0+12-9, ASB 25-7+6-4,

PSB 29-4+4-2, SD 55:2+6-6, "A-P 35°6+-4-5, AM 43-6+13- if

AL 55-6+17-1, PL. 57-120: 6, Sens, 25-8-+9-1.

N. americana solomonis Wharton and Hardeastle 1946,

DS fewer than 30 ., ye oy a ot te is .. 18

DS 26 in number, arranged 2.8.6.4.4.2, to 30n Jong, PL the longest.

Setae on palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia, ventral strongly

branched, lateral with 2 branches, dorsal nnde. No long nude seta

on tarsi ITT,

AW 47-1+6°'3, PW 68-9+7-3, SB 39-6+6'4, ASB 20-8+4-3,

PSB 29-4-+4-3, SD 50:2+5-2, A-P 32+4+6-4, AM 31:85+6:2,

AL 87-86-4, PL 45-8+7-6, Sens. 30-8. N. entomyza sp, 0.

DS 24 in number, arranged 2.6.6.4.4.2, to 50n long. Pl and AL sub-

equal, AM the shortest. Sensillae apparently nude,

AW 44-9, PW 63:0, SB 23-0, ASB 20-0, PSB 23-0, SD 43-0, A-~P

34-0, AM 87:0, AL 51:0, PL 54-0, Sens, 29-0, (after Radford).

N. thomasi (Radford 1946).

With as many as 3 humeral setae on each side. Coxae III 3-4 setose.

DS ¢a. 56 in indistinct rows of 10, anteriorly 55 long, posteriorly

30p. Galeal setae barbed. Setae on ‘palpal femur and genu branched ;

on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral branched. No long nude

seta on tarsi JIT,

AW A adie PW 77-0, SB 37-25+6°5, ASB 22:0, PSB 30-7+

10-5, 8D 52°5+14°9, A-P 31-2545, AM 35°0+8-8, AL 52°54

14-9, PL 54-7544 8, Sens, 29-3-+4°6.

N, pauensis Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

With only 1 humeral seta on each side. Coxae IIT 3-setose .. : 20

Apparently without a long nude seta on tarsi III. DS ca. 116-120,

arranged ¢a, 2.12.12,10,10.10.10.19.10.10.10.10,+-.

AW 78:4, PW 100-8, SB 57:4, ASB 36-4, PSB 36-4, SD 72-8

A-P 48-4, AM 35:0, 'AL 71+ 4, PL 60: 2. Sens. 35-0 (after Oude-

mans). N. sali hn iii 1922).

With a long nude seta on tarsi ITT = i ae al

21. DS 90-96 in number, arranged ca. 2.14.10.12.6.14.14,12.8:4, to 30»

long. AL the longest but only slightly longer than PL. Setae on

palpal femur and genu branched; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude;

ventral l-branched.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 277

AW 75:0, PW 98-0, SB 60-0, ASB 25-0, PSB 25:0, SD 50-0,

A-P 38-0, AM 45:0, AL 80°0, PL 71-0, Sens, —,

N. dubia Gunther 1939.

DS 60-80 in number, in two ill-defined areas, anteriorly to 50, long,

posteriorly to 21a. Setae on palpal femur and genu branched; on

tibia dorsal nude, lateral with a few delicate barbules, ventral

branched.

AW 62:7+11-3, PW 78°92-16-7, SB 50-9+11-4, ASB 22-0+7:-2,

PSB 29-2+4:7, SD 51:4+8-7, A-—P 33-2-+3-6, AM 31-0+7°9,

AL 57-25+12-2, PL 40-9+5-9, Sens. 28-3+6-9.

N. ewingi Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

22, With three pairs of sternal setae. Palpal claw bifureate. All coxae

1-setose. DS 28 in number, arranged 2.8,6.2.4.4.2, from 292 to 21y

long. All setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia branched. Galeal

setae nude.

AW 38-0+7°7, PW 57:446:6, SB 18-6+5-4, ASB 21-7+7-8,

PSB 17:7+7-5, 8D 39-5410+7, A-P 24-6+6-5, AM 37-4+12-1,

Al 53:5+14:1, PL 44:0+10-0, Sens. 27-0+8-1.

N. riversi Wharton and Hardeastle 1946.

With numerous unpaired sternal setae. Palpal claw trifurcate.

Coxae III 6-setose. DS ca. 120, with 8-10 humeral on each side, from

93u long anteriorly to 66. posteriorly. Setae on palpal femur and

genu branched; on tibia dorsal and lateral nude, ventral branched,

Galeal setae branched.

AW 79-2+20°7, PW 83-8+18-4, SB 43-4+24:8, ASB 30:0+

3-7, PSB 36-644-0, SD 66°6+6-9, A-P 45-2+9-1, AM 70:8+

23-4, AL 73°8+19-7, PL 1387-0+58'5, Sens. 40°2+15-0 (from

Wharton and Hardeastle’s data),

N. carveri Wharton and Hardcastle 1946,

Genus MACEKIENA Traub and Evans 1950.

J. Washington Acad, Sci., 1950, 40, (4), 126.

This remarkable genus is characterized chiefly by the empodium of all

legs, instead of being claw-like, being expanded to form something like a pad

or sucker such as oceurs in many other groups of Acarids, but. hitherto unknown

in the Trombidiid families. The authors relate the genus to Riedlinia Ouds.

1914, but in that genus the empodium although swollen is not the same as in

Mackiena and may still be regarded as claw-like.

The sensillae are globose, with only indications of a erest at their bases.

‘The caudal portion of the scutum with distinct concentrie striations as in:

Neaschéngastia,

Genotype Mackiena empodiformis Traub and Evans 1950.

278 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

Mackrmn4 EMPODIFORMIS Traub and Evans 1950.

J, Washington Acad. Sci., 1950, 40, (4), 126-129, fig. 1-4.

Plate 68, fig, EI.

Description of Larvae (after Traub and Evans). Shape ovate-subcireular.

Length 230,, width 1854. Sentum (us figured), anterior margin slightly sinnate

with one median and two lateral lobes, lateral margins evenly convex, posterior

margin fairly deep behind line of PL and fiat medially; surface finely punctate

annually, with concentric striations posteriorly ; sensiJlae in line of PL, globose

and setulose, with a slight indistinct crest in front of bases; AL very much

longer than AM or PL. Eyes 2+ 2, well developed, posterior the smaller.

Chelicerae non-serrate but with well pronounced apical tricuspid cap and dorsal

subapical tooth. Galeal setae ?. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifurcate; seta on

femur well branched, on genu with 2 short branches, on tibia dorsal and

lateral nude and ventral with one branch. Dorsal setae strong and shortly

ciliated or barbed, arranged 2,6.4,6.6.4.2 = 30, to 604. Ventrally, a pair of

ciliated setue on maxillae, one on each coxae, a pair between coxae I and 2

pairs between coxae IIi, thereafter ca, 36 setae, arranged 10.8.8.+. Legs; I

260n, IL 2504, ITT 2704; tarsi I and Ti with dorsal sensory rod (spur), [IT

without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for the type and paratype as given by the authors are:

AW PW SB ASB PSB SD A-P AM AL PLSens.

Type 56:0 76:0 37-0 21-0 21/0 42-0 19-0 46-0 84-0 66.0 3.0

Para-

type 57:0 78-0 38°00 — -~— — — 42-0 84:0 67-0 —

Loc. and Host. Thig species was described from only two specimens from

a weaver-finch (Ploceus manyar peguensis Stuart Baker) from 20 miles north-

west of Myitkyina, Burma, on Mogaung Rd., Feb. 23/1945 (U.S. Typhus Com.).

Remarks. The host being a bird supports the close association of this genus

and species with the genus Neoschéngastia Hwing, as suggested by the concen-

tric scutal striations.

Subfamily GAHRLIEPIINAE nom. nov.

= Walchiunae Hwing 1946, J. Parasitology, 32, (5), 435,

Trombiculidae in which the dorsal seutum of the larvae is. without the AM

seta, and in which tarsi I of the nymphs and adults have a short dorso-apical

stump-like process,

Containing only the single genus Gahrliepia Oudemans 1912.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 279

Genus GAHRLIEPIA Onds. 1912.

= Pyphlothrombiuwm Oudemans 1910, Knt. Ber. Ned. Ent. Ver., 3, 102,

Gahrliepia Oudemans 1912, Ent. Ber., Ned, Ent. Ver., 6, 237; Sig Thor and

Willmann, Das Tierreich 1947, 71b, 332.

Schéngastiella Hirst 1915, Bull. Ent. Res., 6, 183; Sig Thor and Willmann

1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 334.

Walchia Ewing 1931, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., 80, (8), 10; Sig Thor dnd Will-

mann 1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 335.

Gaieria Ewing 1938, J. Wash. Acad. Sei., 28, (6), 295; Sig Thor and Willmann,

1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 338.

The genus Typhlothrombiwm was founded on the single species T. natius

Ouds. 1912 from 8. Africa. In 1912 Oudemans proposed Gahrliepia in its

place, as Typhlothrombium had been used earlier for an adult genus of Trom-

bidiid mites. In Gahrliepia as represented by the genotype the dorsal scutum

in addition to the AL and PL setae, carries two pairs of additional setae. In

1915, Hirst erected the genus Schéngastiella. for S. bengalensis in which the

seutum was furnished with only one pair of setae in addition to the AL and

PL setae. Ewing proposed the genus Walchia in 1931 with Trombieula glab-

rum Walch from the Dutch East Indies as the genotype for those species in

which the seutum was somewhat pentagonal but did not carry any setae other

than AL and PL.

The genus Gateria was proposed by Ewing in 1938 with Gahrliepia fletch-

eri Gater as type, for those species of Gahrliega in which most of the addi-

tional scutal setae are not marginal.

In 1948, Womersley and Heaslip showed that the number of additional

sceutal setae in the genera Gahrliepia, Schongastiella and Gateria were really

correlated with the prolongation in a posterior direction of the scutum, which

thereby embraced some of the median setae of some of the dorsal rows, These

three genera were therefore regarded as synonymous.

Ewing (1938) in hig key to the larval genera of the Trombiculidae gives

for Schéngastiella Hirst “eyes present;’? for Walchia Ewing ‘‘eyes absent’’

and for Gohrliepia ‘‘eyes usually present.’’ It is frequently very difficult in

Microscopie mounts of these mites to be reasonably certain as to whether eyes

are truly present or not, but in the species recognized by Womersley and

Heaslip 1943 as falling into Gahrltepia (in the wide sense, ie, including

Schéngastiella and Gateria) eyes are absent in nanus Ouds.; in Walchia eyes

are present in disparunguis and morobensis and absent in all other species. Of

the following species described by Radford 1946, Gateria hirsuta, crocidura,

280 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Schongastiella brevis, lancearia, ligula and punctata, eyes apparently are absent

except in the last where they are relatively smail.

It seems, therefore, that the presence or absence of eyes is of no more

generic importance than the number of additional setae on the seutum, and.

that all four genera should be considered synonymous, with priority ta Gahr-

liepia Onds., or at most, of not greater than subgeneric status.

Further support for this is given in the section of this paper dealing

with the adults and nymphs, where it is shown that all four genera in the

known reared nymphs have a characteristic short dorso-apical process on

tarsi I but otherwise only differ in specific characters, such as the dorsal setae.

In the following key to the known larval species from the <Asiatic-Pacific

Region, the various genera which have been proposed are only given sub-

generic rank for convenience.

Key to the Species,

1. Scutam small, pentagonal, wih posterior margins forming a more or

less acute angle. Only AL and PL setae on seutum .. - ap 2

Subgen. Walchia Ewing.

Scutum usually larger, not pentagonal, frequently produced tongue-

like beyond PL and taking in two or more setae from the dorsal rows 8

2. Coxae III unisetose a ts A. he ve -_

Coxae ITI multisetose sf at 3 6s >t ¥ 5

3. Scutum small, AW smaller than 32-0. AL, Sens. bases, and Pl in

approx. the same longitndinal line. Sides of scutum between AL and

PL convex. Sensillae clavate, apex aciculate, strongly setulose.

AW 29-5+6-7, PW 32-9+4-1, SB 28-1+4-5, ASB 19-2+5-9,

PSB 44-0+4-1, SD 63-2+4-5, A-P 35-4423-+2, Al, 27°4+7°3,

PL 29-5+5°3, Sens. 25-6 with head 9°6/19-2.

Gohrhiiepia (Walchia) morobensis Gunther 1939.

Seutum larger, AW greater than 32-Op. AL, Sens, bases, and PL

not in the same longitudinal line = a3 as 73 3 4

4, Scutum with PSB not greater than PW; posterior scutal angle shal-

low. Dorso-apical tooth of chelicerae backwardly directed.

AW 36-6+3-1, PW 44-5+2-6, SB 29-742-4, ASB 19-7+4-5,

PSB 44:1+4:2, SD 63°75+3-6, A-P 35-7+3-95, AL 30-0, PL

30‘0, Sen's, —.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) rustica Gater 1932.

Scutum with PSB greater than PW, posterior seutal angle deeper .. da

4a. Only 1 humeral seta on each side, Dorsal-apical tooth of cheliceral

tricuspid cap blunt and not directed backwards. Coxae IIT 1-setose,

No setae between coxae IT and TIi.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFICc SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 281

AW 38-35+4-15, PW 48-6-+6-38, SB 32-4+4-4, ASB 22+5+1-5,

PSB 56°7+7-3, SD 79-4+7-8, A-P 40-65+4-45, AL 32-944-9,

PL 32-624-4, Sens, 32-0 with head 9- 6/22-4.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) turmalis Gater 1932.

With 2-3 humeral setae on each side. Ventrally between coxae II

and III 3-4 setae.

(Standard Data as in Gahkrliepia (Walchia) brennani sp n.).

Gahrliepia (Walchia) brennant var. ventralis nov.

5. Scutum very small, with AW smaller than 20n. Coxae IIT 6-setose.

Dorsal setae 2.6.6.6.6.2.2. Palpal claw trifureate.

AW 19:5+-2-1, PW 31:65+2-75, SB 17:25+3:0, ASB 19-38+

2-5, PSB 28-0, SD 47-3+:2-5, A-P 30:4+3-0, AL 14-0, PL 14:0,

Sens, 19-6 with head 11/14.

Guhrliepia (Walchia) lewthwaite: Gater 1932.

Scutum larger, AW greater than 20,. Coxae III not 6-setose .. 6

6. Coxae III 2 setose. With only 1 humeral seta om each side “ 6a

6a.Coxae III more than 2-setose .. 7

AW 27-45+4:8, PW 44-6+4-85, SB 23. g-43- +8, ASB 20° 343: 8,

PSB 36-1+4: 55, SD 56:4+4°6, A-P 32:84: 3, Al 22-4, PL

28-8, Sens. 25-6 ‘with head 9: 6/19: 2,

Gahrliepia (Walchia) disparunguis (Ouds, 1929).

With 2-3 humeral setae on each side. Seutum larger. Dorsal setae

32-34 in number, to 30h long and arranged 6(4).6.6.6.6.2.2.

AW 87-54+12-0, PW 54-1+14:4, SB 32+816-8, ASB 21-8, PSB

57-8+12:9, SD 79-6+12-9, A-P 37-6+12-0, AL 27-3410-8,

PL 26-8, Sens. 33:5 with head 10-05/23-45,

Gahrliepig (Walchia) brennani gp. 2.

7. Coxae IIT normally 3-setose, very rarely with 3-+4. Palpal claw

bifureate. Dorsal setae 2.6.6,6.6.4.2.

AW 28:4+3°2, PW 48-8+8-8, SB 25-0+3-6, ASB 22-4, PSB

34:34+4-3, SD 56°744-3, A-P 36-7+8-1, AL 22-4, PL 28:8,

Sens. 28-8 with head 11-2/22-4.

Gahrliepia (Walehia) Gahrliepia (Walchia) ewingi Fuller 1949.

= glabra (Walch 1927, emend. Fuller 1948).

Coxae III normally 4-setose; but very variable from 4-++ 3 to 5+ 6.

Palpal claw apparently trifureate. Dorsal setae 2.8.6,6.4.4,2,

AW 26-5+4-4, PW 87:6+6-4, SB 21-0+4:4, ASB 18-9+2-3,

PSB 32:75+5-95, SD 52-0+6-0, A-P 30-9524-1, AL 19-3+

2:3, PL 20:74: ig Sens. 22-4 with head 12-8/16- 0,

Gahrliepia (Walchia) enode (\Gater 1932).

8. Dorsal seutum produced, tongue-like, behind PL, but with only the

AL and PL setae; much longer than wide with the posterior end

lightly concave. Eyes absent. Coxae III 2-setose. SB very much

nearer to PL than to AL.

10,

11,

12:

13,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

AW 30-0, PW 50:0, SB 25-0, ASB 18-0, PSB 58-0, SD 76-0,

A-P 24-0, AL 28-0, PL 40-0, Sens. —, (After Gunther 1940;

Womersley and Heaslip 1948) -

Gehrliepia (? Walchia) riot Gunther 1940.

Dorsal scutum produced, and besides Al: and PL with additional

setae belonging to the dorsal rows

. Dorsal scutum with only 2 setae, in addition ‘to AU ‘and PL, and

these from the second dorsal row ~» 10

“Subgen, Schingastiella Hirst 1915,

Sentum with 4 additonal setae besides AL. and PL. . 6

Subgen, Gahrliepia Ouds. 1912 a. str,

Dorsal scutum with more than 4 additional setae, and these from

the second, third or more dorsal rows .. .. 20

Subgen. Gateria Ewing 1938.

Dorsal scutum very sharply contracted Bysteriee t of Ph, s ligulate, Sen-

sillae more or Jess globose and setulose .. a ~a Ab

Dorsal scutum otherwise .. i et a os i} -- 1S

Distance A-P of scutum at least equal to or greater than distance

between PL and the posterior pair of scutal setae, Coxae IIT 1-

setose. Dorsal setae ea. 2.8[2).8.4.8.6,6.2.2.

AW 36-8+5:6, PW 51-9+6°9, SB 35-6+4:7, ASB 26-5141,

PSB 65-5+9-6, SD 92-0+11-1, A-P 44-7+5:15, AL 42-0+3°2,

PL 42:0, Sen's. 33-6 with head 14-0/25-2,

Gehrliepia (Schéngastiella) ligula (Radford 1946).

Distance A-P of scutum much less than distance from PL to pos-

terior pair of setae. Coxe IIT 4-setose (sometimes 5-6 setose).

Dorsal setae 2.6[2].8.8.6,4.4(2),2(0).

AW 31-0, PW 28-0, SB 23-0, ASB 14'0, PSB 55-0, SD 69-0,

A-P 28-0, AL 20-9, PL 20-0, Sens, 20-0 wih head 14-0/14-0.

Gahrliepia (Schingastiella) ceylonica sp. n.

Scutum about as long as broad; distance from line of PL to. apex

less than distance between PL. Sens. ? Dorsal setae 2.6[2].6.8.4.2.

Coxae IIT 2-setose,

AW 44-0, PW 86-0, SB 51-9, ASB 26-0, PSB 78-0, SD 104-0,

A-P 428-0, AL 38-0, PL 41-0, Sens, —. (After Radford).

Gohrliepia (Schéngastiella) brevis (Radford 1946).

Seutum much deeper from line of PL to apex than distance between

PL. Sens. clavate, Coxae ITI 1- or multisetose te Af .. Ae

Margin of seutum posterior of PL more or less an even paraholic

curve. Coxae IIT 1-setose. Dorsal setae 2.6[2|.8.8,6.4.2.2,

AW 36:7+4:7, PW 50:6+6-5, SB 31-7+8-0, ASB 21:1+8-1,

PSB 58-1+15:1, SD 79-2+9-2, A-P 37-6+5-0, AL 31-45+9-7,

PL 35-8+1°'3, Sens. 33-0 with head 15/21,

Gahrlhiepia (Schingastiella) bengalensis (Hirst 1915)

Margin of scutum posterior of Pi more or less triangular. Coxae IIT

2- or 4-setose 24 ae 2 me 3 a8 4, -, 14

14.

1b.

16,

17,

18.

19.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 283

Coxae III 2-setose. Dorsal setae 2.4[2].6.6.6.4.2.2. Galeal and seta

on palpal femur branched.

AW 45:2+7-1, PW 68°5+13:2, SB 43-5+7'6, ASB 22-7+2-8,

PSB 91-5+429-3, SD 114:1228-8, A-P 44-9+6'6, AL 38-4, PL

38:4, Sens. 35-2 with head 9-6/22:4,

Gahrliepia (Schingastiella) pwnctata (Radford 1946).

Coxae III 4-setose. Dorsal setae 2.6[2].6.6.6.42. Galeal and seta

on palpal femur nude,

AW 51:2, PW 76:8, SB 49:6, ASB 28-0, PSB 110-0, SD 138-0,

A-P 51-2, AL —, PL 41:6, Sens, —. ,

Gahrliema (Schéngastiella) kwmaonensis sp.n .

Secutum markedly ornate, with 4 additional setae _. whe .. 16

Seutum at. most only minutely punctate .. ij ‘ i. e Ss

PL behind line of SB. Scutum with large, nearly eéntieoous square

to hexagonal reticulations. DS 32 in number, arranged 2.6[2].6[2].

6.6.4.2.

AW 44-6, PW 75-6, SB 44-6, ASB 22-4, PSB 173-6, SD 196-0,

A-P 30:8, AL 39-2, PL 58-2, Sens. —.,

Gahrliepia (Gahrlepia) insigne sp. 0,

PL in front of line of SB... - A a a ta vs Alt

Scutum uniformly with widely separated, more or less circular

depressions. DS 34 in number, arranged 2.6.6[2].6[2].4,4.2,2.2.

AW 41-6+3°2, PW 66-8+5-8, SB 30-8, ASB 22-4, PSB 239-6

31-7, SD 262-0+31-7, A-P 17-225'8, AL 26-8+4:5, PL 108-8

+12-3, Sens. —. Gahrliema (Gohrliema) decora sp. n.

Seutum medially with a longitudinal cluster of raised tubercles, and

laterally around the margin, large squarish depressions. DS

2.4[2].8[2].8.8.6.4.2,

AW 40:0, PW 59-9, SB 33-6, ASB 25:2, PSB 218-4, SD 243:6,

A-P 12-0, AL 28:0, PL 98-0, Sens. —,

Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) ornata sp. n.

Scutum with only 8 (oecasionally 6-9) setae, excluding the sensillae 19

Seutum with more than § setae, excluding the sensillae a3 -- 20

Coxae ITI unisetose. Seutum larger. Dorsal setae 2.6[2].6[2].6.6.4.4.3.

AW 42-0, PW 90:0, SB 49-0, ASB 35-0, PSB 155-0, SD 190-0,

A-P 65:0, AL 40-0, PL 55-0, Sens, 37-0 with head 12/30 (after

Gater; and Womersley and Heaslip).

Gahrlicpia (Gahrliepia) cetrata (Gater 1932).

Coxae TIT 4-setose. Scutum smaller. Dorsal setae 2.8[2].9.[2-5].8.6.

4.4.2.

AW 48-9+4-7, PW 63-5+6-6, SB 41-4+1-8, ASB 22-4, PSB

65:4--5+1, SD 87:-8+5-1, A-P 38-4, AL 35-65+4-4, PL 35-2,

Sens. 38-4 with head 12-8/25°6,

Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) saduski sp, n,

284 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

20. PL normally situated, posterior of SB and far distant from AL .. ., 21

PL placed anterior of SB and closely adjacent to AL, longer than

other scutal setae, Coxae II[ 1-setose. Additional scutal setae vari-

able in number, normally 8 (occasionally 7-10). Dorsal setae nor-

mally 2.4[4].4[2].8[2].6.4.4.2.2,

AW 38-4, PW 56-0, SB 43:2, ASB 22-4, PSB 107-2, SD 129-6,

A-P 9-6, AL 41-6, PL 64-0, Sens. 33-0 with head 9:0/23-0,

Gahrliema (Gateria) hirsuta (Radford 1946).

21. Sensillae lanceolate. Coxae III 1-setose, DS 2.8[4].8[2].8.8.6.4.

Scutum and coxae apparently not punctate.

AW 51-0, PW 85:0, SB 51:0, ASB 27-0, PSB 119-0, SD 146-0,

A-P 35-0, AL 44-0, PL 68-0, Sens, 48-0 (after Radford).

Gahrlieyia (Gateria) lancearia (Radford 1946).

Sensillae clavate .. ot by Hs a a 4 4” BS.

22. Only 6 additional setae on scutum + “he rn sh, v2 2S

With 8 or more additional setae on scutum .. fs 4 a 3

23. Dorsal scutum widest, only just behind line of PL. DS 46 in number,

arranged 2.8[4].8[2].8.8.6.4.2,

AW 51-0, PW 85-0, SB 51-0, ASB 27-0, PSB 119-0, SD 146-0,

A-P 36-0, AL 44-0, PL 57-0, Sens. ?

Gahrliepia (Gateria) crocidura (Radford 1946).

Dorsal scutum widest well behind line of PL. DS 40 in number,

arranged 2.8(4].6[2].6.6.4.2.2.

AW 50-0, PW 86-0, SB 50-0, ASB 28-0, PSB 157-0, SD 185-0,

A-P 50:0, AL 39-0, PI: 42-0, Sens, 33:6 with head 14/22.

Gahrliepia (Gateria) romeri sp. n-

24. Seutum roughly pentagonal, 1.e. margin behind PL forming a strong

angle. Scutum and coxae strongly punctate. Coxae IIT 1-setose, DS

2.12 [6] .9[3].8,6.4.4.2.

AW 51-0, PW 85-0, SB 51-0, ASB 26-0, PSB 116-0, SD 142-0,

A-P 34:0, Al 40-0, PL 57-0, Sens. — (after Radford).

Gahrhepia (Gateria) longtpilis (Radford 1946).

Scutum not pentagonal .. vs + wt Ay aly 1. 2D

25, Scutum smaller, ca. half as long again as wide, widest about middle

and posterior of PL. DS 2.6[4].4[2].2[2].6.4.44.2. SD smaller than

120n.

AW 43-0, PW 73:0, SB 41:5, ASB 17-0, PSB 99-5, SD 116-5,

A-—P 35-0, AL 18-0, PL 18-0, Sens. ? (after Gater; and Womers-

ley and Heaslip. Gahrliepia (Gateria) rutila Gater 1932.

Scutum larger, ca. twice as long as wide. SD. greater than 1802 .. 26

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 285

26. Seutum widest in posterior third, with 10 additonal setae, all but

2 placed submarginally,

AW 40-0, PW 70-0, SB 42-0, ASB 30-0, PSB 159-0, SD 189-0,

A-P 53- 0, Ali 45-0, PL 38-0, Sens. ? (after Gater ; and Womers-

ley and Heaslip). Gahrhepia (Gaterta) ciliata Gater 1932.

Seutum widest elsewhere, with more than 10 additional setae, which

are not mainly submarginal obs Ds ie Ax 's «+ 2

27. Dorsal scutum widest just behind PL, with margins posterior of

widest part lightly concave. With normally 12 additional scutal setae

(variable from 9 to 14), arranged ca. 2.4[4].8[4].6[2].6.6.4.4,2.

AW 51:9+-4-2, PW 77-7+7-3, SB 46:7+4-2, ASB 25-2, PSB

163-8--6-7, SD 188+8+7-6, A-P 41+3+3-7, AL 37-3+6- 5, PL

40-8-+6-7, Sens, —. Gahrliepia (Gateria) spinulosa (Radford 1946)

Dorsal seutum widest at the middle and well behind PL, with 16

additional setae. DS 2.4[4].10[8].4[2].612].6.8.4.2,

AW 52-0, PW 79-0, SB 50-0, ASB 18-0, PSB 170-0, SD 188-0,

A-P 39: 0, AL 50-0, PL: 37-0; Sens. 7 (after Gater; and Womers-

ley and Heaslip). Gahrliepia (Gateria) fletcheri Gater 1932.

GAHRLIEPIA (WALCHIA) MORORENSIS (Gunther 1939).

Walchia morobensis Gunther 19389. Proc. Linn, Soc. New South Wales, 64

(1-2), 94; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy, Soc. 8, Aust,, 67, (1),

135.

Plate 76, fig. A-C.

This species was originally described by Gunther from 4 specimens from

Rattus browni and many from R. ringens from Bulolo, New Guinea.

As diagnosed the species was chiefly characterized by the seutal margins

not being defined. A careful re-examination of Gunther’s type in the collec-

tion of the Australian Museum, Sydney, shows that at least the anterior and

lateral margins can be scen, and possibly also the posterior margin.

In the specimens recorded herewith and referred to this species the secutal

margins can be plainly seen, especially in fresh or remounted specimens using

the polyvinyl alcohol media,

The species, on the basis of the type and the new material, can be charac-

terized by the AL, SB and PL being almost in the same longitudinal line,

although often the distance between the PL setae is somewhat greater than

between SB and between AL, The posterior margin forms rather an acute

angle, as in the figure. The palpal claw is bifureate and all the setae on the

286 RECORDS OF THE §.A, MUSEUM

palpal femur, genu and tibia except the ventral on the tibia are nude, The

sensillae are clavate, with the head strongly setulose and the apex acuminate.

All the coxae are unisetose. Byes absent, or only indistinctly 1+1. The

dorsal setae are 2.6,.6.6.4.2. There is no long nude seta on tarsi ITI.

In 1943 Womersley and Heaslip (loc. cit.) gave the Standard Data for

the type and one paratype as: AW 25-0, 25-0, PW 25-0, 25-0, SB 25-0, 27-0,

ASB 16:5, 17-0, PSB 16:5, —, A-P 33-0, 34-0, AL 20-0, 18:0, PL 31-0,

30-0, Sens. 25-0, 25-0. The value of PSB 16-5 was only an estimate as at that

time, the scutal margins could not be clearly seen,

Through the kindness of Lt.-Col. J. R. Audy and his assistant T. J. Law-

rence, I have been able to study a large amount of Trombiculid material from

5. Burma, and have isolated 16 specimens which can be referred to morobensis

Gunther. These were mainly from Nesokia bengalensis and Rattus rattus from

Toungoo, and neighbourhood, Oct. 1944,

The Standard Data derived from 14 of these 16 specimens are;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 29-50-60 224-042 22+8-36-2 25-6-32-0 76

PW 32-90-90 3+ 360-63 22-8-43-0 25-6-38"4 102

SB 28°10-40 1-50+0-28 23+6-33-6 24-0-28-8 63

ASB 19-20-53 1°98+0°37 13 -3-25-1 17-6~20-8 10+3

PSB 44-00-36 1-3740°25 39-9-48-1 41-644-8 3-1

§D 63+2+0-40 1:504%.0-28 58-7-67+7 60°8-65-6 24

A-P 35:+420-28 1060-20 32-2~-38-6 33 -6-38-4 8-0

AL 27-40-65 2-43+0>46 20-2-34-6 32-4-28-8 848

PL 29-50-48 1-79+0°34 24-2-34-8 25-6-32-0 6-0

Sens. 25-6 with head 9-6/19-2. No variation recorded.

Ganrumer (WaucHra) sustica Gater 1932,

Gahrliepia rustica Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 167.

Walchia rustica, Womersley and Heaslip 1943. Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Aust., 67, (1),

136; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 337.

Plate 76, fig. D-F.

This species was originally described from Rattus surifer surifer (Miller)

from Selangor, Federated Malay States.

It differs from the closely allied species, turmalis Gater in having the

dorso-apical tooth of the tricuspid cap on the chelicerac pointed and directed

backward, hook-like, not blunt; in having fewer dorsal setae, 38-40 instead of

40-44, and in the somewhat wider but shorter scutum. The palpal claw is

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 287

trifureate, and all the setae on the femur, genu and tibia of palpi nude.

Gater states that the seta on the third segment (genu) sometimes has one or

two barbs. The dorsal setae are 40 and arranged 2.6,8.8,6.4.4,.2. The sensillae

are clavate and setulose. Eyes apparently absent.

The paratype specimen in the collection of the South Australian Museum

has been re-mounted and the Standard Data re-determined as follows: AW

41-6, PW 51-2, SB 32-0, ASB 17:6, PSB 48-0, SD 65-6, A—P 32-0, AL 28:0,

PL 30-8, Sens. —.

No specimens which can be referred to this species have been, seen amongst

the large amount of Burma material that I have been able to study, nor does

the species appear to have been recorded from anywhere since the original

discovery.

In addition to the above paratype three other paratypes from Gater’s

collection at Kuala Lumpur, have been sent to me for study by Dr, J. R. Audy.

In the Standard Data these specimens do not differ significantly from the

above, the values without variation being: AW 42-0, PW 50-8, 8B 31:0, ASB

18-0, PSB 48-0, SD 66-0, A-P 30-0, AL 30-0, PL 30-0, Sens. —.

This species has recently been found commonly on Rattus r. jarak on

Palau Jarak Is., in the Malacca Straits, by Dr. J. R, Audy and his team, and

I have been privileged to study a large series collected 26th Jan. 1950, Of

about 40 or more specimens, 16 have been measured and the following Standard

Data determined :

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 36-60-26 1040-18 33-5-39°7 36+0-39-0 2-8

PW 44.5-0°22 0-87+0°15 41°9-47*1 42-0-45-0 2-0

SB 29-70-20 Or79-0 +14 27+3-32-1 27-0-30-0 2-6

ABB 19-70-27 1-49+0-26 15-2-24-4 18+0-21-0 TS

PSB 44-1+-0-35 1-39-40-+24 39-9-48-3 43-045 +0 Bel

SD 63+75-0°30 1-21-+0-21 60-15-67 -35 63-0-66-0 1°9

A-P 35*7+0,33 1-3220+23 31-7-39+7 33-0-39-0 3°7

AL 30°0 No variation recorded

PL 30-0 No variation reeorded

Sens. Lost in remounting.

These specimens, although having slightly lower Standard Data than

shown by Gater’s Selangor material agree in all morphological characters.

From the closely allied G. (W.) turmalis this species is distinct in the more

pronounced tricuspid apical cap of the chelicerae, the fewer dorsal setae, and

the smaller seutum with PSB equal to or less than PW.

288 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

GAHRLIEPIA (WALCHIA) TURMALIs Gater 1932,

Gahrliepia twrmalis Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 168.

Walchia turmalis, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1),

136; Radford 1946, Parasitology, 37, 48; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947,

Das Tierreich, 7ib, 337.

Plate 76, fig. G—I.

This species, which is closely allied to the preceding one but differs as

pointed out under that species, was originally described from Rattus sabanus

voctferans (Miller) from Selangor, Federated Malay States.

Radford 1946, recorded it from the Musk Shrew (Suacus caeruleus gigan-

teus (Geofty.) from Colombo, Ceylon,

It is a very common and widely distributed species in Southern Burma

on such hosts as Rattus ratius, R, norvegicus concolor, and Nesokia bengalen-

sis, as evidenced by the very large number of specimens found amongst the

material I have been able to examine, The localities inchude Ron, Insein,

Paungola, and Toungoo.

The palpal claw is apparently trifureate and the setae on palpal femur,

genu and tibia all plain or nude. The sensillae (missing in all of Gater’s

material) are as in rustica, clavate and setulose. Gater’s statement, ‘‘The

setae on the hypostome are plain or serrate instead of plumose as in most other

species’ Is puzzling. If he refers to what are now known as the ‘‘galeal setae’’

then these are plain or nude in most known species of Gahrlemia, but if he

means the maxillary setae, I know of no species of Trombiculidae in which

these are other than branched. The dorsal setae are from 40-44, and arranged

2.6.6.6.6.6.6.4(2).2(0).

The Standard Data as derived from 151 specimens from Southern Burma

are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Obsetved § Coaff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 38-35+40-12 1-380-08 B4 242-5 85-2-41-6 3+6

PW 48-60-17 2)10-0+12 49-+3-64+9 44-8-56-() 4:3

SB 32-440-12 1-48+0-08 28-0-36-5 28-8-35-2 4:6

A8B 22-52b0-+04 0-500-03 21-0-24-0 22-4-25+6 2-2

PSR 56-70-20 2-43+0-14 49+ 464-0 480-640 4:3

sD 79-40-21 2-60+0-15 71-6-87-2 70+4—86.4 3-3

A-P 40°6540-12 1:490-08 36-2-43 +1 38-4-44-8 3-6

AL 32-9-£0+13 1°6240-09 28'0-37-8 28:8-38-4 5:0

PL 32-60-12 1-4740.08 28-+2-37-0 28-8-35-2 4-5

Sens. 32-0 with head 9°6/22-4. No variation recorded.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Paciric ScruB TyPpHUS MITES 289

GAHRLIEPIA (WALCHIA) LEWTHWAITEI (Gater 1932),

Walchia lewthwaitei Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 170; Womersley and Heaslip

1943, Tr, Roy. Soe, S. Aust., 67, (1), 185; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947,

Das Tierreich, 71b, 336.

Plate 76, fig. J—L.

This species was described from 9 specimens from Rattus rattus (probably

diardi Jentink) from Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States,

It does not appear to have been recorded from elsewhere, nor have I

detected the species amongst the large amount of GaArliepia material from

Southern Burma.

The species may be separated as in the key, by the very small scutum, the

globose and not clavate sensillae and the normally 6-setose coxae II]. The

palpal claw is trifureate and the setae on the palpal femur, genn and tibia all

nude. Hyes apparently absent. Dorsal setae short, 34 to 40 in number and

arranged ea. 2.6.6.6,6.4.2.2,

The Standard Data of a specimen from the Institute of Medical Research,

Kuala Lumpur, and collected from RB. rattus from Sungei Buloh, F.M.S., 15th

Oct., 1940, as given by Womersley and Heaslip (1943) are: AW 17:0, PW

31-5, SB 17:0, ASB 17-0, PSB 21:5, SD 38-5, A-P 28-0, Al 11-5, Pl 15-0,

Sens. —.

The Standard Data derived from 20 specimens of a large number from

Rattus whiteheadi and RF, mullert from Selangor and Temerloh, Pahang,

F.MLS,, collected by J. R. Audy and his colleagues 1948, are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 19-50-15 O+7040-11 17'4-21°6 16+8-21:0 3-6

PW 31-650-21 0-93820+15 28-9-34-4 30-8-33-6 2-9

SB 17-2540.22 0:99+0-16 14-25-20 +25 16+8-19°6 2-7

ASB 19-30-19. 0: 84-40-18 16-8-21-8 16 -8-19-6 4-3

PSB 28-0 No variation recorded

sD 47-30-19 0-84+0-18 44-8-49-§ 44-8-47-6 1-8

A-P 30-40-22 1-00+0-16 27+4-33-4 28-0-30-8 3-2

AL 14-0 No variation reeorded

PL 14-0 No variation recorded

Sens. 19-6 with head 11/14, No variation recorded.

The setation of coxae III in this population shows a slight variation from

the normal 6+ 6 setae; of the twenty specimens measured three had 5+ 5

setae on coxae IIT and one had 6 + 5, the rest being normally 6 + 6,

290 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

GAHRLIEPIA (WaccHIA) pigpARUNGUIS (Ouds. 1929).

Schéngastiela disparunguis Oudemans 1929, Ent. Ber., 7, (165), 398; Sig

Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 335.

Walchia disparunguis, Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 68, (1), 101,

Plate 76, fig. M-P.

This species was originally described from specimens from the ears of

Mus raitus var. from Garoet (W. Java), Aug., W, C. van Henren.

Ondemans’ original description translated, reads as follows: ‘‘Length of

a moderately engorged specimen 225, greatest breadth 1145p. Seutum

ronnded-pentagonal with one angle directed posteriorly; in each of the other

four angles a seta. On each shoulder is a seta and bebind the scutum ‘five

rows of six setae in each. Pseudostigmal organ elavate, the stem about one-

third of its length. Dorsal setae about 30% long, brush-like and shortly ciliated.

Eyes small, cornea half spherieal, Venter: all coxae (also maxillae) with a

feathered seta; coxae III with two such. Between coxae I and between

coxae II 4 pair of similar setae. Then 17 pairs of setae similar to the dorsal

setae. Gnathosoma dorsally with 6 pairs of smooth setae; ventrally with

more; externally on the tibiae with short smooth seta, and on the very ‘short

and difficult to see palpns are four setae of which one is short thick rod-like

olfactory seta, the other three are short thick setae distally divided into four

or five branches. Palpal claw bifid.”

Oudemans was rather uncertain about placing this species in Schingas-

tiella Hirst as it differed from Hirst’s diagnosis in having only 4 setae besides

the sensillae on the scutum instead of three pairs, He also noticed that the

scutum resembled that of Typhlothrombium Ouds. 1919 (= Gahrlienia Ouds.

1912) although in his deseription it is suggested that the posterior is sharply

defined, not tongue-like as in Gahrliepia (Womersley and Heaslip 1943) and

similar to Walchia, He also was of the opinion that the shape of the scutum

was & specific and not a generic character. Oudemans also refers to the dis-

parity in the form and size of the 3 tarsal claws and named his species on this

eharaeter. ‘This feature, in which the median claw (empodium) is much

stronger than the others and of median length, the outer longer and only

slightly more slender, and the inner only slightly shorter than the median but

much thinner is, however, present in all the species of Gahrliepia known to

me, and I believe a good generic character. This species is closely related to

glabra Walch, but can be easily distinguished as in the key, on the bi-setose

eoxae IIT and the shape of, and number of setae on, the seutnm.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic Scrus TYPHUS MITES 291

This species has not been recorded apparently since its description but that

it is widespread in the Asiatic-Pacifie area is evident from the following speci-

mens which I have been able to examine.

Ceylon, 4 specimens from Millardia mellada from Embilipitiya, Oct., 1944,

and 3 specimens from Rattus rattus kandiyanus from Nalanda, Nov., 1944 (S.

H. Jayewickreme) ; Dutch New Guinea, Sansapor, 37 specimens from Aug, to

Dec., 1944 (C. Mohr); Borneo, Labuan, 4 specimens from rats, Oct., 1945 (R.

N. McC.) ; Celebes, Morotai, 2 specimens from rats, Oct., 1945 (R. N. McC.) ;

Southern Burma. On Nesokia bengalensis, Ron, 10 Oct,, 1945 (747); on Rattus

rattus, Toungoo, 23 Oct., 1945 (771); on N. bengalensis, Toungoo, 29 Oet.,

1945 (765), and on N. bengalensis, Toungoo, 26 Oct., 1945-

The Standard Data for this species as derived from the Dutch New Guinea

specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Covkt, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 27-45-40-26 1-60+0-18 22-65-3225 24-0-28-8 5-8

PW 44-6220-27 1-68+0-19 39-75-49 45 41-6-48-0 3:6

SB 23-30-21 1-26+0-15 19-5~27 +1 22-4-25-6 §-4

ASB 20°30-21 1:29+0°15 165-241 19+2-22-4 6-3

PSB 36+1+0-25 1-5820-18 31-55-40-65 82-0-38-4 4-2

sD 56-42£0°25 1-530-18 §1-8-61°0 54-4-59-2 2-7

A-P 32-80-23 1-42+0-16 28-5-37-1 30+4-35-2 4:3

AL 29-4 No variation recorded

PL 28+8 No variation recorded

Sena. 25-6 with head 9-6/19'2. No variation recorded.

A re-description of the larvae is as follows:

Shape an elongate oval, slightly constricted behind coxae III. Size small,

length (engorged) to 380u, width to 250. Seutum small, pentagonal, produced

to a rounded point posterior of PL; furnished only with Alu and PL setae and

paired sensillae; sensillae fairly broadly clavate with prominent setules; anter-

ior margin lightly concave. Eyes 2-+ 2, the posterior smaller and indistinct.

Chelicerae non-serrate, with the usual tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi

fairly stout, tibial claw bifureate; all setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia

nude; tarsi with the usual basal and apical sensory rods and 3-4 ciliated setae.

Dorsal setae 36 in number, to 25, with only short ciliations and arranged ea.

2.6.6.2 (lateral).6.6.4.2.2. Ventrally with a pair of ciliated setae on gnatho-

soma, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, one on each of coxae I

and II, two on coxae III, and thereafter 14.12.12.6.4.2, to 20» long. Legs

rather short, I 1804, IT 150, III 210pn; tarsi I and IT with the usual sensory

rods; III without any long nude seta.

292 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Ganriierta (WALCHIA) ewiner (Fuller, 1951), (= cuasrum Walch, 1927,

preoc, )

Trombicula glabrum Walch 1927, Geneesk. Tijdsch. y. Ned, Indie, 67, (6), 926.

Walchia glabrum, Ewing 1931, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 80, (8), 10; Womersley

and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67 (1), 134; Womersley 1944,

Tr. Roy. Soe. S. Aust., 68, (1), 134.

Walcha glabra, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 336; Fuller

1948, Bull. Brooklyn, Ent, Soc., 48, (4), 110.

Walchia pingue Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heaslip 1943,

Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 184; Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy, Soc. 8.

Aust., 68, (1), 102.

Walchia pinguis, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 338.

Plate 76, fig. Q-T.

This species was originally described from rats from the Lampong District

of Macassar, and in 1943 Womersley and Heaslip identified 3 unidentified

specimens from Rattus ratius argentiventer Chasen, from Perak sent to them

from the Institute of Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, atid one specimen

(I, A, I.C., IV) from Batavia, as the same,

In 1944 the species was recorded by myself from 7 specimens collected

in the Buna area of New Guinea by G. M. Kohls and the Standard Data

given. The Standard Data of 3 specimens from Perak, 10 from Buna, N.G.

and 24 received more recently from Dr. R. Gispen, from Batayia, from Rattus

rattus diardt are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 28:4+0°-18 | 1-0820-12 25-2-31-6 25-6-80-4 3:8

PW 48-80-48 2-94+0-34 40-0-57°6 4342-64-4 6-0

SB 25-00-20 1:2020-14 21+4—28-6 224-25 -6 408

ASB 22-4 No variation recorded

PSB $4°320-23 1-42+0-16 30-0-38-6 32°0-35-2 4-1,

8D 56° 7220-23 1-420°16 52-4-61-0 54-4-57-6 2-5

A-P 86-740-45 2-7240-32 28-6—44-8 32-0-38-4 7:4

AL 22-4 No variation recorded

PL 28-8 No variation recorded

Sens, 28-8 with head 11‘2/22-4. No variation recorded,

This species is closely related to the following, enode Gater, but differs in

the larger scutum and particularly in the number of setae on coxae III. In

glabra, coxae III carries normally 3 setae, and shows extremely little variation

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 293

in this respect; of the 37 specimens examined only two show more than

three setae, on one of each coxae III, these having 3-+ 4 setae. In enode the

setae on coxae III while normally 4+ 4, show a very great variation from

413 to 5+6. Where, however, specimens of the latter species have only

4+3, the size of the scutum, the Standard Data and the dorsal setae will fairly

easily determine the species.

In glabra the palpal claw is bifurcate and the setae on the palpal femur,

genu and tibia, and on the galea are nude. The dorsal setae are 2.6,6,6.6.4,2.

From Gater’s description of pingue there seems little doubt that it is

identical with glabra. It has not been recognized since Gater’s paper nor have

any specimens that could be referred to it been seen amongst the large amount

of material studied in the preparation of this paper. Its synonymy with glabra

is confirmed by a study of one of Gater’s two specimens, kindly sent to me by

Dr. J. R. Andy.

GaHRuEPiA (WALCHIA) ENOpDE (Gater 1932).

Walchia cnode Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 169, (enodis); Womersley and

Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soe, S. Aust., 67, (1), 1385; (enodis) Radford 1946,

Proe, Zool, Soe, London, 116, (2), 247; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947,

Das Tierreich, 71b, 338,

Plate 76, fig. U—X.

This species which was originally deseribed from Sungei Buloh, Selangor,

Malaya, from Rattus mullert validus (Miller) does not appear to have beon

recorded since,

It is, however, a very common and widely distributed species in Southern

Burma as shown by the large number of specimens amongst the Trombiculid

material collected by Lt.-Col. J. R. Audy and his staff of the S.H.A.C. Serub

Typhus Research Team, and submitted to me for identification.

As stated under G. glabra Walch, the present species is closely related

thereto, differing in the smaller scutum, the dorsal setae and particularly a

ditferent and more variable number of setae on coxae IIT.

Tn the 191 specimens. for which the Standard Data is given, the sctation

of eoxae IIL varied as follows: 3-4, 21 specimens (11-:0%); 3+ 5, 2 spees.

(1-6%);4-+ 4, 119 specs. (62°3%) ; 4-+ 5, 35 spees, (18-39%) ; 4+ 6, 1 spec.

(0-7%); 5+5, 12 specs. (6°3%); 5-+6, 1 spec, (0-8%). Thus the normal

is 4-+4, Where the setae on coxae III are 4-+-3, as in glabra, the size of the

seutum and its Standard Data will be determinative.

294 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The sensillae are capitate and setulose and their bases. somewhat nearer to

PL than to AL, The palpal claw is apparently, and the setae on the palpal

femur, genu and tibia ag well as the galeal setae, nude. The chelicerae has

only the usual apical tricuspid cap. Eyes apparently absent. The dorsal setae

vary from 32-34 and are arranged ca. 2.8.6.6.4.4.2.

The following Standard Data are from 189 specimens, plus a specimen from

Sungei Buloh, Selangor, 8 Aug. 1930 from Ratius mullert validus (Miller) and

one specimen received from Radford from Rattus sp. Imphal, Manipur, 10

June, 1945,

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 26°5--0-10 1:450:07 2+1-30-9 22-4-32-0 5-5

PW 37-60°15 2-18+0-11 31-2-44-0 35-2-51+2 5:7

SB 21-00-10 1-44+0:07 16-6-25+4 17 - 6-85 +4 6-8

ASB 18-90-06 0+78+0.04 16-6-21-2 17 +6-22+4 4-1

PSB 32.-76+0-14 1-970-10 26-8-38+7 28+8-35-2 6-0

SD 52-0220-15 2-0380-10 46-0-58-0 48-0-57 76 3°9

A-P 30-95-40-10 1:3620:07 26:85-25-05 28-8-35+2 4-4

AL 19-20-06 0-78+0-04 16-9-21°5 16-0-25:'6 4-0

PL 20+7+0-10 1-39-0-07 16-6-24-8 19-2-22-4 6-7

Sens, 22-4 with head 12-8/16-0. No yariation recorded.

In Southern Burma it occurs commonly on Nesokia bengalensis and the

various species of Rattus.

GAHRLIEPIA (WALCHIA) BRENNANI sp. n.

Plate 112, fig. A—D.

Description of Larvae. Size small. Shape oval. Length (engorged) to

335py, width to 254». Seutum as figured and approximately of the size and

shape of G. (W.) turmalis Gater; with only AL and PL setae; sensillae cla-

vate and setulose. Eyes apparently absent. Chelicerae with only the apical

tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude. Palpal claw bifureate; setae on femur, genu

and tibia apparently all nude. Dorsal setae 32-34 in number, to 30 long,

shortly and sparsely ciliated, and arranged 6(4).6.6.6.6.2.2, Le., normally with

3-+3 humeral setae, but frequently only 2+ 2. Ventrally with a pair of

setae on maxillae, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, one on each

of coxae I and coxae II, two on coxae TIT; posterior of coxae IIT ca. 36 setae

to 26u Iong. Legs: I 200p long, If 174, TIT 200; tarsi T and II with dorsal

sensory rod, III without a long nude seta.

Standard Data derived from the type and 16 paratypes are:

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 295

Standard Theoretical Observed Oooff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 37-50-30 4-00-21 33-6-41-5 36-85-40-2 3:6

PW 54*10-36 4-B--0°25 49 -3-58-9 53-25-56 -95 2-9

8B 32-80-42 5-60-29 27+ 2-384 30*+15-36-85 5-7

ASB 21-8 No variation recorded.

PSB 67-80-32 4°30-23 53 -5-62-1 56-95-60 °3 2°65

BD 79-60-32 4-3+0-23 75-3-83°9 18> 75-82 -1 1-9

A-P 37°60-30 4°00-21 33+6-41-6 36-85-40 2 3-5

AL 27-30-27 3-69-10 28-7-30-9 B6-8-30-15 4-4

PL 26-8 No variation recorded,

Sens. 33-5 with head 10-05/23-45. Only 1 determination.

Loc, and Hosts. The type and sixteen paratypes from a ‘‘ground squirrel”’

Rhinosciurus laticaudatus from Kepong Forest Reserve, Selangor, F.M.S., 11

Sept., 1950 (Serub Typhus Research Unit). Also 1 specimen from Kattus

bowersi from Ulu Langat, Selangor, F.M.S, 13 June, 1950.

Remarks. In the shape of the seutum and the Standard Data, this species

is very close to G. (W.) turmalis Gater. It is strikingly different, however, in

having coxae III normally bisetose, and in having 2-3 humeral setae on each

side. It is named in honour of Dr. J, M. Brennan, of the Rocky Mountain

Laboratory, Hamilton, Mont., U.S.A., who has described many American species

of Trombiculidae.

var. VENTRALIS nov,

Three specimens with the above material differ rather remarkably in that

coxae III are unisetose, and ventrally between coxae Il and coxae III are from

3 to 4 setae somewhat shorter than the dorsal humeral setae. Coxae IJ and IIT

are correspondingly wider apart than in the typieal form,

In Standard Data these 3 specimens agree with the typical specimens. For

the moment, as in all these 3 specimens the sensillae are missing, they are re-

garded as a distinct variety.

The 3 specimens were from FR. bewer'st but from the Ulu Langat Forest

Reserye, Selangor, F.M.S., 13 June, 1950.

Gauriumer (7? Warcnra) rior Gunther 1940.

Gakrliepia riot Gunther 1940, Proc, Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 65, (5-6),

481,

Plate 77, fig. A.

This species has not been recognized since its original description. Accord-

ing to Gunther’s description and figures the dorsal scutum is distinctly produced

beyond the PL setae; tongue-shaped, but with only the AL and PL setae; its

296 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

posterior end is slightly concave and SB are much nearer to PL than to AL,

The sensillae were missing from Gunther’s material. The chelicerae are simple,

with only the usual tricuspid cap, and the galeal setae are nude. The palpal

elaw is trifureate. The seta on the palpal femur is nude; on the genu

with one long branch, and on the tibia one long brauched seta (this is probably

the ventral, the dorsal and lateral not having been seen). The dorsal setae

number 28, and are arranged 2.6.6.6.4.2.2. All coxae I-setose; except III which

are 2-setose; posteriorly of coxae IIE ca. 36 setae. f

The Standard Data as deduced by Womersley and Heaslip (1943) from

Gunther’s data are: AW 30-0, PW 50:0, SB 25-0, ASB 18-0, PSB 58-0, SD

76-0, A-P 24-0, AL 28-0, PL 40-0, Sens. —.

It was deseribed from specimens from the mouse deer, Tragulus born-

eanus from the Bode River, British North Borneo, Sept., 1939.

Ganaiuiepra (ScHONGASTIELLA) LIguuA (Radford 1946).

Schangastiella ligula Radford 1946, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 116, (2), 256.

Plate 77, fig. B-F.

Radford described this species from Rattus rattus rufescens (Gray) from

Imphal, Manipur State, India, 6th May, 1945.

This species is very common in Southern Burma on various rats and on

Nesokia bengalensis. I have been privileged to study some hundreds of speci-

mens from various localities such as Ron, Prome, Towngoo, Insein, and Tharra-

waddy, collected by Lt.-Col. J. K. Audy and his team in 1945,

As Radford’s description is somewhat brief a fresh and more detailed one

is given below,

Shape oval with a tendency to constriction just posterior of coxae ITI.

Length (engorged) to 560n, width to 320n, Scutum elongate, ligulate behind

PL. and in addition to AL and Pl carrying the two median setae of the second

dorsal row; because of its narrow ligulate posterior part these two additional

setae are near to the apex and close together. Eyes apparently absent. The

sensillae are elavate (as stated by Radford and not globose as shown in his

figure 17) and setulose. Palpi small tibial claw apparently trifurcate; all setae

on palpal femur, genu and tibia nude. Chelicerae with ouly the apical triens-

pid cap. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae 48, to 35. long and arranged

2,8[2].8.4.8.6.6.4.2. Ventrally with the usual pair of ¢iliated setae on the

maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III and

posterior of coxae IIE ea. 56 setae. Legs: I 210u, IL 190x, IIT 240,; tarsi I

and IT with the usual dorsal sensory rod, ITE without a long nude seta.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 297

The Standard Data derived from 48 specimens from 8. Burma are;

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff, of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 36°820-27 1:8820-19 31-2-42-4 33°6-39-2 5-1

PW 51-90-33 2-29E 0-23 45-0-58°8 44-8-56-0 44

SB 35-60-22 1°5620-16 30-9-40-3 33°6-39-2 aad

ASB 26°540-20 1-39-14 22-4-30-6 25°2-28 0 a2

PSB 65-50-46 3-2140-33 55-9-75+1 61° 6-72-8 4-9,

8D 92-00-53 3°70+0-38 80-9-103<1 86-8-100-8 4-0

A-P 44-7+0-25 1-720-17 39-5-49-9 42°047-6 3-8

AB 42-00-15 1-0740°11 38-8-45-2 39+2-44°B 255

PL 42-0 No variation recorded

Sens, 33-6 with head 14:0/25+2. No variation recorded.

G. (8.) ligula (Radford) is also a common species in Kashmir and I have

recently received much material from Maj. 8. L. Kalra, collected from ears of

rats, and from a |shrew during 1948 and 1949 from the following localities:

Kanzalwan, Jhanghar, Gurais, Srinagar, Naushera and Banital.

GAHRLIEPIA (ScHONGASTIELLA) CEYLONICA Sp. n.

Plate 77, fig. G—L.

Description of Larvae. Shape oval, but with a marked constriction behind

the third pair of legs. Colour in life unknown. Length to 545p, width to

350. Dorsal scutum elongate, widest in line with sensillae, slightly narrower

between PL than between AL; posterior of PL narrowing to form a long nar-

row lip-like projection which subapically takes in the median pair of setae of

the second dorsal row; sensillae globose, finely setulose, the bases about midway

between AL and Pl. Eyes not observed. Chelicerae with only the apical

tricuspid cap. Palpi stout, all setae on femur, genu and tibia apparently

nude. Galeal setae nude. Palpal claw bifid. Dorsa] setae to 28» long, 36 in

number and arranged 2.6[2].8.8.6.4.2. Ventral setae more numerous and

shorter than on dorsum; one on coxae I and II, four on coxae III, a pair

between coxae I and between coxae [II and thereafter ea. 8.8.8.8.8.6.4.2. Legs:

I 156 long, IT 1380p, WT 1434; tarsi I and II with usual dorsal rod-like seta,

III without any long nude seta,

The Standard Data for the type larva are: AW 31-0, PW 28-0, SB 23-0,

ASB 14:0, PSB 55-0, SD 69:0, A-P 28-0, Al 20-0, PL 20:0, Sens. 20-0 with

head 14/14.

Loc. and Hosts. Type from Ratius vr, kandiyanus from Nalanda, Ceylon,

May, 1944 (S.H.J.) and 4 paratypes from Leagada booduga fulvidiventris from

same locality May 1944 (8.H.J.). Two specimens alsa from a ‘‘mouse’’ from

Nanshera, Kashmir, India, 14th May, 1949 (G. L, Kabra).

298 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

Remarks. In the peculiar ligulate form of the dorsal seutum this species

is close to Schingastiella ligula Radford. It differs, however, in the scutal

dimensions, the arrangement of the dorsal setae and especially in having 4

setae on each coxae III, instead of the one seta in Radford’s species.

The larvae have been reared through to the nymphs which are described

later in this paper.

GaHRuIEPIA (SOHGNGASTIELLA) BREVIS (Radford 1946),

Schéngastiella brevis Radford 1946, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 116, (2), 256.

Plate 78, fig. A.

This species was described from a specimen (or ? specimens) from a rat:

Rattus r, rufescens (Gray) from Imphal, Manipur State, India, 7 May, 1945.

Although the seutum of this species, as figured by Radford has a roughly pen-

tagonal shape and is prolonged posteriorly to include the 2 median setae of the

second dorsal row, it is very wide, almost as much so as it is long. The gen-

sillae are missing, but the bases are closer to AL than to PL. The dorsal setae

number 28, and are arranged 2.6[2].6.6.2.4.2, Posterior of coxae [II ventrally

ca. 42 setae. Coxae I and II 1-setose, III 2-setose. Hyes apparently absent-

Mouth parts and palpi not described.

The Standard Data (after Radford) are: AW 44-0, PW 86:0, SB 51-0,

ASB 26-0, PSB 78-0, SD 104-0, A-P 43-0, AL 38-0, PL 41:0. Sens. —.

This species has not been recorded, nor has any fresh material come to

hand, since its original discovery.

GauRuEPiA (SCHONGASTIELLA) BENGALENSIS (Hirst 1915).

Schingastiella bengalensis Hirst 1915, Bull. Ent. Res., 6, fig. 7,8; Ewing 1938,

J. Wash. Acad, Sci., 28, (6), 295; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tier-

reich, 71b, 334,

Gahrliepia bengalensis, Womersiey and Heaslip, 1943, Tr, Roy. Soc. S. Aust.,

67, (1), 140.

Plate 78, fig. B.

Tn this species described from specimens in the ears of Mus. rattus, Cal-

cutta, 20 Mar., 1915, the dorsal seutum is tongue-shaped, but rather quickly

narrowing posterior of PL to the rounded apex, and taking in two of the

median setae of the second dorsal row. According to Hirst’s figure there are

two, comparatively large, eyes on each side. The chelicerae are apparently

simple with only the apical tricuspid eap. The palpal tibial claw is shown in

the figure as bifurcate. The setae on the palpal femur, genu and tibia are all

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 299

nude, All coxae are I-setose. The dorsal setae number 38, and are arranged

2.6[2].8.8.6.4.2.2. Ventrally posterior of coxae III ea. 36 in number and

shorter than the dorsal setae.

To this species are now referred three specimens, two ftom a rat, from

Thunja, Burma, 17 Dec., 1946 (J. R, Audy) and one from a rat from Ranik-

het, Burma, 20 Oct., 1946 (J.R.A.).

The Standard Data for one specimen from Thunia and the one from Ranik-

het are: AW 38-4, 38:4, PW 51+2, 51-2, SB 35-2, 35-2, ASB 16-0, 16-0,

PSB 70-4, 64-0, SD 86-4, 80-0, A-P 35:2, 38-4, AL 38-4, 38-4, PL 35-2,

35:2. Sens. —.

These values are somewhat lower in some items than those given by Wom-

ersley and Heaslip 1943, which were derived by interpolation from Hirst’s

figure.

It should be noticed that in Hirst’s figure the sensillae bases are about

half-way between AL and PL, whereas in the fresh material as figured they are

definitely nearer to Ali than to PL.

More recently I have been able to examine a number of specimens of this

species collected in Kashmir by Maj. 8. L. Kalra, as well as two specimens

from Burma. Of these the Kashmir specimens were 5 from Kanzalwan, 10-11

Oct., 1946, and 4 from Tithwal, Sept., 1946. The two Burma specimens were

from Thunia, 17 Dec., 1946 (J. R. Audy) and Raniket, 20 eDec., 1946 (J.R.A.).

The Standard Data for these eleyen specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 36-70-47 1°5620°33 32+0-41-4 34-0-39-0 4-2

PW 50+6=£0-69 2.17+0-48 44-1-57-1 46-0-54-0 4-2

SB 31-70-80 2+66+0+57 23°7-39-7 28-0-35,0 8-4

ASB 21-10-81 2. 700-57 13 -0-29-2 16-0-24-0 12-8

PSB 58-11-69 5-02-+1-13 43-1-73°1 54-0—70-0 8°68

8D 79-2-£0-97 3+ 080-69; 70-0-88-4 73+0-86-0 3-9

A-P 37-6+0+52 1-65-40°37 32-7425 35-0-39-0 44

AL 31-45+0-97 3-2320-67 21-75-41-+15 30°0-38-0 10-2

PL 35-8+0+15 0-44+0°10 34+5-36°1 35+0-36-0 1-2

Sens, 33-0 with head 15/21, Only one determination.

GauRuiupra (SCHONGASTIELLA) PUNCTATA (Radford 1946),

Schingastiella punctata Radford 1946, Proc, Zool, Soc. London, 116, (2).

Plate 78, fig. C.

This species was described from a shrew Suneus (Crocidura) coeruleus ful-

vocineréus (Anderson) from Kanglatongbi, Imphal, Manipur State, 20 April,

1945.

300 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

To it. are now referred 12 specimens from Southern Burma, collected in

1945 by T. J. Lawrence.

The dorsal seutum is fairly large, roughly pentagonal with the posterior

angle well produced and taking in 2 extra setae from the second dorsal row.

The sensillae are situated nearer to AL than to PL, are clavate and setulose

with their bases wide apart. The eyes are 2-+ 2, anterior very distinct, and

posterior the smaller, Dorsal setae 2.6[2].6.6.4.2.2, Coxae III bisetose and

yeutrally posterior of coxae III ca, 40 setae. Scutum and coxae strongly punc-

tate, The galeal setae and the setae on palpal femur are lightly branched, on

genu and tibia nude. Palpal claw apparently bifurcate.

The Standard Data for the above 12 specimens coll, No, 62 (4 specs.);

458 (1 spec.) and 122 (7 specs.) are as follows:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 45°2+0°69 2370-48 38+1-52-3 41-f-51-2 5-2

PW 68-5241-27 4-41-0-90 65-3-81-7 60-8-73-6 6-4.

SB 43-50-73 2°54+0-52 35-9-51-1 38-4-44-8 5-9

ASB 22°740-27 0-92--0-19 19-9-25°5 23-4-25-6 4-1

PSB 91-622-82 9°782-00 62-2-120-8 80-0-102 -4 10-7

8D 114-12-77 9-58+1:96 85-3-142+4 102-4-124°8 8-4

A-P 44-90-64 2-20-b0-45 38-38-5195 41-6-48-0 4-9

AL 38-4 No variation recorded

PL 38+4 No variation recorded

Sens, 35-2 with head 9-6/22:4. No variation recorded,

In addition to the above specimens I have also one from Thunia, Burma,

16 Dec., 1946 (J.R.A.) and one from Millardia millardia from Embilipitiya,

Ceylon, Jan., 1945 (S. H. Jayewickreme)..

GARLIEPIA (ScHONGASTIELLA) KUMAONENSIS Sp. TL.

Plate 78, fig. D-G.

This species is described from a single specimen from a shrew from Bhim-

tal, in the Kumaon Hills, India, 10 Oct., 1946 (8. L. Kalra).

The species is close to bengalensis Hirst and punctata Radford but differs

as in the key in the Standard Data, shape of the seutum, dorsal setae, and the

4-getose coxae III. In the last character it agrees with seduski sp. n, from

Japan but differs in the other above-mentioned characters.

Description of Larvae. Shape an elongate oval, length (engorged) 420»,

width 3504. Seutum fairly large, roughly pentagonal, widest in line of PL

with the posterior angle produced and taking in two of the six setae in the

second dorsal row. Sensillae missing, bases nearer AL than Pl. Chelicerae

normal, with only the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi

WoMERSLEY—AsiaATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 301

fairly stout, tibial claw bifid; setae on palpal femur, genu and tibia all nude.

Eyes apparently absent. Dorsal setae strongly ciliated, 32 in number and

arranged 2,6[2].6.6.6.4.2. to 36, long. Ventrally with the usual pair of

branched maxillary seta, one setae on each of coxae I and II, four setae on

coxae ITI; behind coxae ITI with ea. 40 setae. Legs: I 216» long, II 182, III

2384; tarsi I and II with the usual sensory rod, III without any long nude

seta.

The Standard Data of the type, in the South Australian Museum are:

AW 51-2, PW 76-8, SB 49-6, ASB 28-0, PSB 110-0, SD 138-0, |A-P 51:2,

AL —, PL 41-6, Sens. -—.

GAHRLIEPIA (GAHRLIBPIA) SADUSKT Sp. n.

Plate 78, fig. H-J.

Description of Larvae, Shape broadly oval. Length (engorged) to 550y,

width to 450.. Scutum as figured, comparatively small, tongne-shaped, widest

about in line of PL, and besides the AL and Pl setae embracing the median

4(2-5) setae of the second dorsal row which itself is variable. Sensillae cla-

yate with pronounced setules, and their bases wide apart and nearer to AL

than to PL, Eyes apparently absent. Chelicerae simple, with only the usual

apical tricuspid cap, Galeal setae nude. Palpi with trifurcate tibial claw with

the prongs closely adpressed; setae on palpal femur with 4-5 strong branches,

on genu with 2-3, on tibia the dorsal and lateral setae nude, and the ventral

with 8 long branches; tarsi with the usual basal and apical sensory rods and

4-5 ciliated setae. Dorsal setae strongly ciliated, ca. 32 in number and arranged

ea. 2.8[4].9[2-5].6.3.6.5.3, to 50» long. Ventrally with a pair of branched

setae on maxillae of palpi, one on each coxa I and II, and 4 setae on coxae III,

a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, thereafter ca. 36 in number to

40u long. Legs: I 235p long, II 210y, III 230; tarsi short, I and IL with the

usual dorsal sensory rod, ITI without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data for 7 of 8 specimens are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deyiation Range Range Variation

AW 48-90-59 1-56+0-42 44>2-53 6 48-0-51-2 3°22

PW 63-20-83 2-21+0-59 56°9-70-1 60-8-67°3 3-65

SB 41-40-23 0*60+0-16 39-6-43 +2 40-0-41-6 1:5

ASB. Boe4 No variation recorded

PAB 65-40-65 1710-46 606°3-70+5 64: 0-67-32 26

8D 87-80-65 1-710 -46 $2-7-92-9 86-4-89°6 1-9

A-P 38-4 No yariation recorded

AL 35°650-46 1-2140+32 31°25-40-05 3512-38 4 a-4

PL 35-2 No variation recorded

Seng, 38°4 with head 12+8/25:6. No variation recorded.

302 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Loc. and Hosts, The type and 2 paratypes from Mus. sp, from Misinobe,

near Yachi, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, 28 Oet., 1945 (C. B. Philip); four

other specimens from Niigata, Japan, 18 Oct., 1945, embedded im the belly of

Microtus montebelli, and a further specimen from the latter host and locality,

January, 1946 (coll. T. O. Berga).

I am greatly indebted to Col. C. B. Philip for the opportunity of deserib-

ing this material, ;

Remarks. This species can be separated from all others on the shape of

the dorgal seutum, the additional setae thereon, and on the 4-setose coxae III.

In the number of additional scutal setae it is somewhat variable, and of the

eight specimens examined 3 had 4 in addition to AL and PL, 3 had 2, 1 had

3 and 1had 5. The number of setae on coxae ITI did not vary,

GaBrRuEpia (GABRLIEPIA) INSIGNE, sp. 0,

Plate 79, fig. A-D,

Description of Larvae. Shape oval. Length (partially engorged) 3328p,

width 182,. Seutum elongate, tongue-like, with large reticulations which are

roughly square to hexagonal; sensillae missing but bases in front of line of

PL; AM shorter than PL but similarly thick and ciliated, Eyes 2+ 2, very

small and close to seutal margin just anterior of PL. Palpi stout with bifur-

cate tibial claws of which the prongs are about equal and long; setae of femur

very shortly ciliated, of genu the same, of tibia all 3 apparently nude, Cheli-

cerae simple with only the usnal apical cap. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae

generally strong and thickly ciliated, 32 in number, from 42. long anteriorly

to 36 posteriorly, arranged 2.6[2].6[2].6.6.4.2, those on the scutum are thin-

ner than the outer and the scutal setae. Ventrally, with paired fine and

ciliated setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I and

between coxae III, thereafter ea. 56, very short and fine. Legs: 1 7-segmented,

IL and III 6-segmented; I 220u long, Il 195y, TIT 2604; coxae of leg Lil are

broad and short, almost rectangular; tarsi I and II with the usual dorsal rod,

TII without any long nude seta:

The Standard Data for the wnique type are: AW 44-6, PW 75-6, SB

44-6, ASB 22-4, PSB 173-6, SD 196-0, A-P 30-8, Al) 39-2, PL 53-2, Sens. —;

the maximum width of scutum is 98y.

Loc. and Host. The unique type from Twpaia glis, from Pahang Rd.,

Gombak Forest Reserve, near Kuala Lumpur, F.M.S., 18 Oct. 1948 (J.R.A.).

Remarks, A very striking species, but closely allied to the two following in

having an ornamented seutum. It differs, however, in the type of seutal orna-

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 303

mentation and in the size of scutum and the position of SB in front of line

of PL,

This, and the following two species, in having four additional setae on the

posteriorly produced scutum, agree with the type G. nanus (Ouds.), and thus,

if subgenera are accepted fall into Gahrliepia s. str. Oudemans’ species does -

not possess such strongly ornate scutum as in insigne, decora and ornata but is

shown by Oudemans as very strongly punctate,

GABRLIBPIA (GAHRLIEPIA) DECORA sp. Nn.

Plate 80, fig. A—D.

Description of Larvae. Shape broadly oval. Length (partially engorged)

to 410u, width 3502, Scutum large and tongue-shaped, with many large but

not touching, rounded, depressions in between which the surface is finely pitted

or shagreened; sensillae missing in all specimens, but sensillae bases well behind

line of PL; PL comparatively near to AL; AL short and fine, PL very long,

thick and strongly ciliated. Eyes 2 4-2, small and lenticular, close to margin

of scute, Palpi stout, tibial claw long and bifurcate, prongs subequal; seta on

femur and genu lightly and shortly branched, on tibia dorsal and lateral nude

but ventral doubtful. Chelicerae simple, with only the apical tricuspid cap.

Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae long, thickly ciliated and tapering from 92-0,

long (humeral) to 36-0p posteriorly, 34 in number, arranged ca. 2.6.6[2].6[2].

4,4.2.2.2 those on the scutum rather shorter than the outer. Ventrally

with paired branched setae on masillae, one on each coxa, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter ca. 56 setae, to 30% long. Legs:

1 7-segmented, II and III 6-segmented; tarsi I and II with dorsal sensory rod,

III without any long nude seta. Coxae finely pitted and III large and

triangular.

The Standard Data for the type and 6 paratypes are:

Standard ‘Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 41°6+0-40 1-06+0-28 38-444.8 39-2-42-0 2-5

PW 66°380+73 1-93 40°52 61-0-72-6 6§4-4-70-0 2-9

8B 30-8 No variation recorded

AAB 22d No variation recorded

PSB 239-6223-99 10-57+2-82 207 -9-271+3 224-0-257°6 4-4

8D 262-0399 10°57+2-+82 230-3-293-7 246-4-280-0 4-0

A-P 17-20-73 1:9320-52 11+4-23-0 14-0-19-6 11-2

AL 26-80-56 1-50+0-40 23-3-31-3 25-2-28-0 5-6

PL 108+8*1°55 4°1021-+09 96-5-121-1 103 -6-112-0 3-8

Sens, Missing.

304 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

Loc. and. Hosts, The type and 6 paratypes from Ratius sabanus, from

Pahang Rd., Gombak Forest Reserve, near Kuala Lunipur, F.M.8. 15 Noyvy.,

1948 (J.R.A.).

Remarks. Allied to the preceding species in the ornamental dorsal scutum

but distinguished therefrom as in the key and as stated under that species,

GAHRLIEPIA (GAHRLIEPIA) ORNATA §p. 0.

Plate 81, fig. A-D.

Description of Larva. Shape broadly oval. Length (partially engorged)

4164, width 2864. Sertum ornamented, as figured; with PL very much longer

and stronger than AL and situated very close thereto, and in front of SB;

sensillae missing. Eyes not observed. Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid

cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi as figured, with bifureate tibial claw; seta on

femur and genu branched, on tibia all nude except ventral. Dorsal setae thick,

jong and strongly ciliated, 2.4[2].8[2].8.8.8.6, to 84-60, long; the extra scutal

setae 562 long and more slender. Ventrally with paired ciliated setae on

maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between coxae I, two rows of 4 each between

eoxa, III, and thereafter 8.8.8.2.10.2.2, from 20 to 42u long. Scutum and coxae

finely punctate. Legs: I 286p long, II 260y, IIT 325.4; coxae IIT large and tri-

angular; tarsi J and II with dorsal sensory rod, II] without any long nude

seta.

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 40-0, PW 59-0, SB 33-6,

ASB 25-2, PSB 218-4, SD 243-6, A-P 12-0, AL 28-0, PL 98-0, Sens, —.

Loc, and Host. A single specimen from Rattus sabanus from Ulu Langat

Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, 18 Nov., 1949 (J.R.A.).

Remarks. Close to G. (G.) decora sp. n. and G. (G.) insigne sp. n. in the

ornamental seutum and the peculiarly shaped coxae ITT. Closest to decara in

having PL in front of SB, but distinguished by the ornamentation, the dorsal

sctae, and the Standard Data,

GABRLIEPIA (GABRLIEPIA) CETRATA Cater 1932,

Gahrliepia cetrata Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heaslip 1943;

Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Aust., 67, (1), 140; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das

Tierreich, 71b, 338.

Plate 82, fig. A.

This species has apparently not been met with since it was originally

described from 13 specimens from the ears and around the anus of Pattus

edwardst ciliatus (Bonhote) (coll. A. K. Cosgrove, 25 Apr., 1930). The dorsal

scutum is longer than wide and the posterior prolongation takes in the two

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScruB TyPHus MITES 305

median setae of both the second and third dorsal rows. The sensillae are

clavate and setulose, with their bases about midway between AU and PL. The

PL setae are the longest. Eyes are stated by Gater to be just visible near the

seutal margins, posterior eyes the smaller. The chelicerae are apparently

simple with only the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. The. palpal

claw is trifurcate and the seta of palpal femur with a few barbs, of genu

rarely so, of the tibia the dorsal and lateral are nude and the ventral with a

few barbs. The dorsal setae are 36, arranged 2.6[2].6[2].6.6.4.4.2.

The Standard Data as deduced by Womersley and Heaslip (1943) from

Gater’s data are: AW 42-0, PW 90-0, SB 49-0, ASB 35-0, PSB 155-0, SD

190-0; A-P 65-0, AL 40-0, PL 55-0, Sens. 37-0 with head 12/30.

Gaueueria (GAreRIA) HIRSUTA (Radford 1946).

Gateria hirsuta Radford 1946, Proce. Zool. Soe. London, 116, (2).

Plate 82, fig, B-D.

The description of the paratype which I have received from Radford is as

follows -

Shape oval. Length (partially engorged) 270n, width 180p. Dorsal

scutum pentagonal, much longer than wide, lateral margins concave slightly,

posterior margin forming a deep triangle, PL setae anterior of SB and adja-

cent to AL at the antero-lateral corners. SB wide apart, with sensillae clavate

and setulose; posteriorly the secutum takes in the whole four setae of the

second dorsal row, the median 2 of the 4 sctae in the third row, and the median

2 of the 6 in the fourth row. The cheticerae are simple with only the usual

apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae ciliated. Eyes apparently absent. Palpal

with tibial claw trifureate, with the prongs closely adpressed; setae on palpal

femur and genu shortly branched; on tibia all 3 setae nude. The dorsal setac

number 84, arranged 2,.4/4].4[2].6[2].6.44.2.2. to 50. long. Ventrally with

the usual pair of branched setae on maxillae, one on each coxa, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae JIT and thereafter ca. 4446, to 30x long. Legs:

I 240. long, II 220», IIT 270,; tarsi I and TI with the usual dorsal sensory

rod; IIT without any long nude seta.

The Standard Data are; AW 42:0, PW 57:0, SB 42-0, ASB 21-0, PSB

112-0, SD 133-0, A-P 12-0, AL 45-0, PL 58-0, Sens, 32-0 with head 9/25.

Loc, The specimen examined above is labelled as trom a mole, from Kang-

latongbi, Manipur, 22 June (C. D. Radford).

Remarks. This species is remarkable in the manner in which PL has

moyed forward to adjoin AL af or near to the antero-lateral corners of the

scutum. In Radford’s own figure the PL setae are actually shown as being

306 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusEUM

lateral of Al, in the above specimen they are slightly but distinetly posterior

of AL.

From the above deseription it will be seen that I do not agree with Rad

ford’s interpretation that there are 2 AL setae on each side of the scutum.

The outermost of each such pair I regard as the PL setae which have migrated

forward in an unusual manner. This is supported by the fact that they are

much longer than the other scutal and dorsal setae, a feature which is gener-

ally common in the family,

Radford gives the Standard Data measurements as: AW 57-0, PW 68-0,

SB 50-0, ASB 23-0, PSB 119-0, SD 142-0, A-P 45-0, AL 72:0, Pl 48-0,

Sens. 34-0, which in general, although somewhat higher agree reasonably well

with my measurements as given in the key except that his AL corresponds to

my PL, and his PU [ consider to be one of the DS embraced by the seutum.

My AL is his second AL which he gives as 54‘0u long and im his figure is shown

as being slightly inside but closely adjacent to his first AL (my PL).

It was deseribed from a shrew Suncus (Crocidura) cueruleus fulvocinereus

{Anderson) from Kanglatonghi, Imphal, Manipur, 29 April, 1945. A second

specimen was recorded by Radford from the same host and locality, June 21,

1945, and 13 specimens from a mole from the same locality, 22 June, 1945,

I have also examined another specimen, Coll. No. 61, from 8. Burma

(J. R. Audy), which has an extra pair of additional setae cn the scutum, i.e.

6 besides AL and PL. Even in Radford's paratype referred to above there are

5 additional setae as figured here. It would appear that the setal counts of

the second and third rows are somewhat. variable in this species.

The Standard Data of this. specimen are: AW 38-4, PW 54-4, SB 41 5,

ASB 22-4, PSB 108-8, SD 131-2, A-P 49-6, AL 41-6, PL 64:0, Sens. —.

The peculiar situation of the PL setae in this species, and also in other

undescribed material, has suggested to some of my American colleagues that

they should be generically separated. As, however, the nymph of this species

is known to me, and cannot be separated, except specifically, from other Gahr-

liepia species, the raising of a new genus is unwarranted.

Ganeurepm (Garerta) LANcEARIA (Radford 1946).

Gateria lancearta Radford 1946, Proce. Zool. Soc, London, 116, (2), 256.

Plate 82, fig. H.

Radford described this species from a specimen (or ? specimens) found on

a mole Talpa nvicrura Hodgeson, at Kanglatongbi, Imphal, India, 22 June,

1945. It does not appear to have been met with since.

From Radford’s figure and briet description the chief characteristic

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Pacific SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 307

appears to be the stoutly lanceolate, not clavate, sensillae with strong ciliations.

The scutum is fairly large, roughly pentagonal, with the posterior angle well

produced and taking in 4 setae from the second dorsal row and 2 from the

third. The sensillae bases are at about midway between AL and PL. The

dorsal setae number 44 and are arranged 2.8(4).8(2).8.8.6.4, Ventrally and

posterior of coxae IIT ca. 56 setae. Coxae all 1-setose. No particulars of palpi

and mouthparts are given,

The Standard Data as given by Radford are: AW 51-0, PW 85-0, SB

51-0, ASB 27-0, PSB 119-0, SD 146-0, A-P 35,0, AL 44-0, PL 68-0, Sens.

40-0. °

GaurueriaA (GATERIA) LoNeirias (Radford 1946).

Gateria longipilis Radford 1946, Proc. Zool. Soe, London, 116, (2).

Plate 82, fig. F.

This species does not appear to have been met with since Radford described

‘it from a shrew, Suncus (Crocidura) caeruleus fulvoctnereus (Anderson) from

Imphal, Manipur State, India, 8 May, 1945. No specimens were found amongst

the large amount of material which I have been able to study from Burma.

The dorsal scutum is strongly punctate, elongate pentagonal and taking in

6 of the twelye setae in the second dorsal row, and 3 of the nine in the third

row; the dorsal rows of setae are strongly eurved forwards. Sensillae missing.

All coxae are l-setose and strongly punctate. Posterior of coxae III ca. 56

setae, Dorsal setae 2.12[6].9[3].8.6.4.4.2 = 47.

The Standard Data (after Radford) are: AW 51-0, PW 85:0, SB 51-0,

ASB 26-0, PSB 116-0, SD 142-0, A-P 34-0, AL 40-0, PL 57-0, Sens. —.

QGaAHRLIEPIA (GATERTA) crocipuRA (Radford 1946).

Gateria crocidura Radford 1946, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 116, (2).

Plate 82, fig. G.

No fresh records of this species have been published, nor have any speci-

mens been detected amongst the large amount of Burma material submitted to

me.

The following figure and details are derived from those of Radford,

Scutum elongate pentagonal, punctate; the apex produced as a long triangle

with rounded lip, and taking in the median 4 setae of the second dorsal row,

and the median 2 of the third row. The dorsal setae number 48, and are

arranged 2.8[4].8[2].8.8.6.4.4. Ventrally all coxae are 1-setose and posterior of

coxae III there are 58 setae. No details of the palpi and mouthparts are avail-

able.

308 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

The Standard Data as given by Radford are: AW 51:0, PW 85:0, SB

51:0, ASB 27-0, PSB 119-0, SD 146-0, A-P 36-0, AL 44:0, PL 57:0, Sens. —.

The species was described from a shrew Suncus (Crocidura) caeruleus ful-

vocinereus (Anderson) from Imphal, Manipur State, India, 8 May, 1945.

GauRLinPia (GATERIA) ROMERI sp. 7.

Plate 853, fig. I.

Description of Larva. Shape broadly oval, sides rather flattened. Length

{engorged), 624, width 5402. Seutum finely punctate as figured, strongly

produced behind line of PL and taking in 6 extra setae of the second and third

dorsal rows; SB wide apart and about midway between AL and PL; widest

part behind line of PL (and dorsal getae) shortly ciliated. Eyes 2+ 2, small.

Chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude. Palpi with

bifureate tibial claw; setae on femur and genu nude, on tibia ventral only

branched. Dorsal setae 36 in number, arranged 2.8[4].6[2].6.6.4.2.2, from 42

to 36 long. Ventrally with a pair of ciliated setae on maxillae, a pair between

coxae I and between coxae ITI, one on each coxa, those on coxae III long to

D6p, after coxae ITI with ea. 54 setae from 22-36 long. Legs I and IT with

dorsal sensory rod on tarsi; no long nude seta on tarsi IJ; I 260» long, IT

2344, ITT 273.

The Standard Data for the unique type are: AW 50-0, PW 86-0, SB 50-0,

ASB 28-0, PSB 157-0, SD 185:0, A-P 50-0, AL 89-0, PL 42:0, Sens. 38-6

with head 14/22,

Loc. and Host. A single specimen from Rattus rattus, from Hong Kong,

1950 (J. D. Romer).

Remarks. This species is very near to, and may only be a variant of

G. crocidura Radford. It appears to differ, however, in the Standard Data,

particularly the larger PSB and A-P, the position of SB, and in the smaller

number of dorsal setae.

Gauruner (GarerIA) RUTA Gater 1932.

Gahrlhepia rutila Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heaslip 1943,

Tr. Roy. Soc, 8. Aust., 67, (1), 138.

Gateria rutila, Ewing, 1938, J, Wash. Acad. Sei., 28, 295; Sig Thor and Will-

mann, 1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 340.

Plate 83, fig. A-C.

Gater described this species from 7 specimens from Rattus mulleri validus

(Miller) from Sungei Buloh, Federated Malay States, and also recorded two

specimens from R. edwardsi ciliatus (Bonhote) from Pahang (coll. A. K. Cos-

grove, 25 April, 1930).

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 309

Dorsal scutum very large and tongue-like, taking in 4 of the six setae in

the second dorsal row, 2 of the four in the third row and the 2 setae which can

be considered as constituting the fourth row, i.e. it carries 12 setae in all; the

maximum width of the scutum occurs rather posterior of the line of PL. The

sensillae are unknown, but their bases are slightly nearer AL than PL. The

chelicerae are simple with only the usual apica] tricuspid cap. Galeal setae

nude, Eyes present but small. Palpi small, tibial claw trifureate; all setae

on femur, genu and tibia nude. Dorsal setae short and barbed, 34 in number,

arranged 2.6[4].4[2].[2].6.4.4.4.2.

The Standard Data as deduced from Gater’s data by Womersley and Heas-

lip (1943) are as follows: AW 43:0, PW 73-0, SB 41°5, ASB 17-0, PSB

99-5, SD 116-0, A-P 35-0, AL 18-0, PL 18-0, Sens. —. Max. width 83-0.

Ganeuepra (GareRIA) ciaAaTa Gater 1992.

Gahrhiepia ciliata Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heaslip 1943,

Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 140,

Gateria ciliata, Ewing 1938, J. Wash. Acad. Sci,, 28, 295; Sig Thor and Will-

mann, Das Tierreich, 71b, 339.

Plate 83, fig. D.

This species was described from a single specimen only from Rattus madleri

validus (Miller) from Sungei Buloh, Federated Malay States.

Dorsal scutum very large, and broadest at about one-fourth from the pos-

terior end, and taking in all the four setae of the second dorsal row and 2 of

the four in the third, fourth and fifth rows, According to Gater the palpal

claw is trifureate; the setae on the palpal femur, genu and tibia all nude; the

chelicerae are simple with only the usual apical tricuspid cap, and the galeal

setae are nude; eyes present 2-+ 2, the posterior the smaller; dorsal setae 36

in number and arranged 2.[4].4[2].4[2],4[2].6,4.2,4,2

The Standard Data from Gater’s figure and data as computed by Womers-

ley and Heaslip 1943 are: AW 40:0, PW 70:0, SB 42-0, ASB 30-0, PSB 159-0,

SD 189-0, AHP 53-0, AL 45-0, PL 38-0, Sens. —

Gasrueria (GATERIA) spinuLosa (Radford 1946).

Gateria spinulosa Radford 1946, Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 116, (2), 252.

Plate 83, fig. H.

This species was described from a shrew Suncus (Crocidura) coeruleus fil-

vocimereus (Anderson) from Imphal, Manipur State, India, 8 May, 1945.

310 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusEUM

Amongst the material collected by T. J. Lawrence from Southern Burma (slide

No, 60) is a single specimen which belongs to Radford’s species. It has the

following Standard Data: AW 48-0, PW 76-8, SB 48-0, ASB 25:5. PSB

160-0, SD 185°6, A—P 32-0, Al 32-0, PL 35-2, Sens. —. The dorsal setae are

2.4[4].8[4],.8[4].6[1].6.6.4.2, ie. 13 additional setae on the scutum,

Recently received from J, R. Audy from host No. 7,074 (unspecified) from

Bukit Lagong, Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, 13/1/50 are 12 specimens also of this

species.

From this material the following details are now given:

The scutum is large, elongate, with sparse punctations. 1t is widest behind

PL, but the sides are initially slightly concave behind PL, and posteriorly the

marpin becomes rounded. In the typical form the seutum carries 12 additional

setae, but this number is variable. In Lawrence’s Burma specimens there are

13, while in the series of 12 specimens from Malaya, the number varies from

8 to 14 with an average of 11-4. The higher number of 14 might suggest a

variant of Gahr. (Gateria) fletcheri Gater which typically has 16 additional

scutal setae and a seutum of about the same length and width. In fletcheri,

however, the arrangement of scutal setae is different, the greatest width is

midway of the scutal length and the sides behind PU are evenly convex.

The palpal claw is trifurcate; the seta on the femur with indistinct barbs,

on the genu nude, on the tibia all nude except the ventral which is apparently

branched. The eyes are 2-+ 2, the larger anterior being distinct, the posterior

more or less vestigial. The chelicerae with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal

setae nude, All coxae 1-setose.

The Standard Data for the 12 specimens from Malaya are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 51-9--0+40 1+390-28 47-7-661 50-4-53-2 2-7

PW 77:70:70 2°4240-59 70+4-85+0 72+8-81°2 3-1

5B 46-70-40 1-3840-28 42-5-50-9 44+8-47°6 2-9

ASB 25-2 No variation recorded

PSR 163-80- 64 2-2320:46 157 -1-170-5 162 -4—-168-0 1-2

8D 188-820-723 2-52+0-50 181-2-196-4 184 -8-193 +2 1-3

A=P 41+30-36 1-24+0-25 37-6-45-0 39-2-42-0 3:0

AL 37:3240-63 2-18+0-44 30-8-43-8 33-6-39+2 5-8

PL 40-80-64 2-9280-45 34-1-47°5 36-4-42-0 5-4

Sens. Missing in all specimens,

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SckUB TYPHUS MITES 311

Gasrepmpra (Garter) FLETCHERI Gater 1932,

Gahrliepia fletcheri Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heaslip 1943,

Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Aust., 67, (1), 140.

Gateria fletcheri, Kwing 1938, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 28, (6), 298; Sig Thor

and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, 71b, 339,

Plate 83, fig. F-H.,

This species was described by Gater from numerous specimens from Rattus

ratius diardi (Jentink), Kuala Lumpur, F.M.S8. He also recorded it. from

Sungei Buloh, from Rattus sabanus vociferans Miller, Seiurus caniceps concolor

Blyth, Tupaia glis ferruginea Raffles, and Rhinosciurus tupaiodes laticaudatus.

For this species, and to include algo Gater’s ciliata and rutila Ewing 1938

erected the genus Gateria, stressing that it was not the number of setae on the

scutum, but the fact that some of the setae are not marginal, which was import-

ant. He restricted Gahrliepia. to the type species nana Ouds. from Africa,

with 4 pairs of normal scntal setae and retained bengalensis Hirst, with 3 pairs

of scutal setae in Schdéngastiella, in disagreement with Gater. In 1943, Wom-

ersley-and Heaslip showed, however, that any scutal setae posterior of PL could

he attributed to members of the dorsal rows, embraced by the prolongation of

the scutum; and as this is the most natural and logical interpretation it seems

better to retain them all in Gahrliepia.

In this species the dorsal seutum is very large, tongue-shaped, much longer

than wide, and from the paratype in the South Australian Museum, takes in

all the 4 setae of the second dorsal row, 8 of the ten of the third row, 2 of the

four of the fourth row, and 2 of the six of the fifth row. (Gater states that

the number of setae on the seutum is somewhat variable.) There are 2 eyes

on each side fairly close to the seutum. AL setae longer than PL. Sens. cla-

vate and setulose with bases wide apart but nearer to AL than to PL. Cheli-

cerae simple with only the usual apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setae nude,

Palpal claw trifureate, the prongs closely adpressed. The setae on the palpal

femur and genu have a few inconspicuous barbs; on tibia all 3 setae nude.

The dorsal setae number ca, 46, arranged %.4/4].10[8].4/2].6.8.4.2. The

Standard Data of the paratype as given by Womersley and Heaslip 1943 are:

AW 52:0, PW 79-0, SB 50-0, ASB 18-0, PSB 170-0, SD 188-0, A-P 39-0,

AT, 50:0, PL 37-0, Sens. —. Max. width of scutum 100-0

312 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

ADULTS AND NYMPHS.

While this paper is essentially a Monograph on the ‘‘Trombiculidae of the

Asiatic-Pacific Region’’ it has become necessary, to properly evaluate, at least,

some of the many larval genera which have been proposed, to consider all the

adults and nymphs described from the whole world. Consequently in this

section, the world species (relatively few compared with the described larval

forms), are all dealt with, both descriptively and, as far as possible, with those

of which material has not been available for study, by previously published

figures. One species, Trombicula signata Womersley 1938, described as be-

longing to the genus Trombicula Berl. s.1. does not belong to the Trombieuli-

dae, but is a species of Podothrombium.

The genera as known from adults or nymphs belong to both subfamilies,

the Trombiculinae and the Gahrliepiinae, and may be keyed as follows:

Key to the Aduit and/or Nymphal Subfamilies and Genera of the

TEOMBICULIDAE 5. Str.

1. Tarst I simple without any dorsal subapical stump-like process .. 2

Subfam. Trombiculinae Ewing 1944.

Tarsi I subapically with a short dorsal stump-like process. Sensillary

area of crista wider than long, with the anterior rod shorter than

distance between sensillae bases. Eyes absent. Epistome rounded or

conical with fine denticulations and 1 ciliated seta. No precoxal

plates and no definite sternum.

Subfamily Gahrliepiinue nom. nov.

for Walchtinae Ewing 1931.

Gen. Gahrliepia Ouds. 1912.

(type Typhlothrambium nanus Ouds. 1910)

= Walchia Ewing 1931

(type Trombicula glabram, Walch 1922)

inel. Schéngastiella Hirst and Gateria Ew.

2. Hyes distinctly present, one on each side 14 a i a 3

Eyes entirely absent or vestigial and without lenses, at most repre-

sented by pigment spots .. ia ¥s os ve iz e's 5

3. Eyes placed well away from and in front of sensillary area, Epis-

tome rounded and subtriangular, denticulate, with 1 ciliated seta.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcCIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

Sternum well defined and formed by fusion of precoxal plates of

leg I, entire, without longitudinal division, wider than long.

Gen. Tragardhula Berl, 1912,

(type Trombidium niloticum Trag. 1904 (adult) ),

= Blankaartia Berl, 1912 (mon Ouds. 1911) (adult)

= Pentagonella Sig Thor 1936 (larva),

(type Trombidium ardeae Trag. 1904).

= Megatrombicula Michener 1947 (adult)

(type Trombicula alleei Ewing 1926).

Byes placed closely adjacent to sensillary area, a at

Front tarsi elongate-clavate, with the greatest height distad of middle,

Body form elongate. Crista flask-shaped, without ? an areola in sen-

sillary area; anterior rod of crista shorter than distance between sen-

sillae bases; a strong ciliated seta on crista just anterior of sensillary

area. Epistome a transverse rectangle, anterior margin dentate, one

ciliated seta. Sternum entite, no precoxal plates.

Gen. [potrembicula nov.

(type Trombicula elegans Womersley 1942) (adult).

Front tarsi tapering, with greatest height basad of middle. Body

form squatter. Crista with anterior rod longer than distance between

sensillae bases; subposterior sensillary area roughly diamond-shaped,

with an internal somewhat dumb-bell shaped areola; sensillae filamen-

tous; no seta on crista in front of sensillavy area, Epistome a trans-

verse rectangle or rounded-conical, with dentate margin and 1 ciliated

seta. Sternum entire, about as long as wide, no precoxal plates.

Gen. Trombicula Berl. 1905 (adult) in part.

(type Trombicula minor Berl. 1905)

(inel. Lutrombicula Ewing 1938)

Subgen. Trombicula Berl, 1905, s. str.

: Legs I much longer than others, and than the body, Form more élon-

gate. Claws strong, on legs I apically fureate. Palpal tibia in adult

with only 1 accessory spine at base of daw. Epistome a transverse

rectangle with dentate margin and I seta, which apparently has only

1 short branch. Sternum entire; no precoxal plates,

Gen. Speotrombicula Ewing 1946 (adult).

(type Trombicula trifurca Ewing 1946),

Legs all shorter than body. Form squatter, Claws normal ..

- Sensillary area of crista much wider than long, with anterior rod

shorter than distance between sensillae bases. Precoxal plates present

on coxae I.

Gen. Guntherand Wom. and Heasp. 1943.

(type Neoschéngastia bipygalis Gunther 1939).

Seusillary area of crista about as wide as long, with anterior rod

much longer than distance between sensillae bases. Precoxal plates

on coxae 1 present or absent x A - ay 45 ta

313

314 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

7. Sensillary area entire, not drvided into sections by longitudinal ridges,

reniform with hilus directed forwards, with more or less circular

striae. Sensillae spathulate, sometimes almost filiform.

Gen. Neéoschéngastia Hwing 1929 (larva).

(type Schéngastia americana Hirst 1921).

= (Paraschéngastia Wom, 1939) (larva),

Sensillary area not as above eh : i as 8

8. Sensillary area of crista triangular with apex - directed posteriorly.

Epistome rounded or conical with fine dentations and 1 ciliated seta.

Gen. Schéngastia Ouds, 1905 (larva)

(type Thrombidium. vandersandei Ouds, 1905)

(inel, Ascoschéngastia Ewing 1946).

Sensillary area more or less diamond-shaped.

Gen. Trombicula Berl, 1905 (in part) 9

§. Precoxal plates of coxae I well developed, fused in the medial line

to form a longitudinally divided sternum.

Subgen, Leptotrombidium Nagayo ét al. 1917 (adult)

(type Trombidium akamushi Brumpt. 1910).

Precoxal plates absent, Sternum entire, undivided.

Subgen. Neotrombicula Hirst. 1925 (nymph),

(type Acarus autumnalis Shaw 1790).

Subfamily Tromsrcutinar Ewing 1944,

This family is characterized as defined by Ewing 1944) and 1946, in

that the anterior dorsal seutum of the larvae has a single median seta present

on the anterior margin. In the present work it is separated in the adult and

nymphal stages from the Gahrliepiinae (— Walchiinac) in that there is no

dorsal subapical clavate process on the front tarsi. It contains the following

adult genera: Tragardhula Berl. 1912, Trombicula Berlese 1904, (subgenera

Leptotrombidium Nagayo et al. 1917 and Neotrombicula Hirst 1926), Speo-

trombicula Ewing 1946, Ipotrombicula Wom. g. nov. Schéngastia Oudemans

1905, separated as in the preceding key.

Genus TRAGARDHULA Berl, 1912

Tragardhula Berl. 1912, Redia, 8, (1), 4 (type Trombidium niloticum Trag.

1904, adult),

Blankaartia Berl. 1912, ibid. 96, nen Ondemans, 1911.

Pentagonella 8. Thor 1936, Zool, Anz,, 114.

Megatrombicula Michener 1946, Ann, Ext. Soc. Amer,, 39, 431-445.

The status and synonymy of this genus has recently been discussed by

the author (Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust., 72, (1), 1948).

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 315

Key to the Known Adult Species,

1. Palpal tibia with a pectine of 8-17 spines on inner surface. Tarsi I

ea. 3 times as long as high, 5404 170, metatarsus I 3504 long.

Dorsal setae to 155u long.

Trag. velascoi (Boshell and Kerr, 1942).

Palpal tibia without a pectine, with tieih the usual 3 aceeenery spel

near base of claw . ;

2. Dorsal setae with apices devoid of eiliations. Trag. pcruviana ( Bwite 1926),

Dorsal setae ciliated to tips wa he ne A ae vas 3

3. Tarsi I parallel sided, more than 4 times as long as high, 3704

80u, metatarsus I 3004 long. Dorsal setae to 70g.

Trag. attenuata (Mich. 1946).

Tarsi I not parallel sided ..: he a: 4: 6 st £3 4

4. Tarsi I ca. twice as long as high, 325y > 163, metatarsi I 247» long.

Dorsal setae to 65p. Trag. acuscutellaris (Walch 1922).

Tarsi I more than twice as long as high .. i Le ay si 5

5, Dorsal setae to 160% long. Tarsi I nearly 3 times as long as high,

350n 1304, metatarsi 1 250, long. Trag. alleei (Ewing 1926).

Dorsal setae much shorter.

6. Tarsi I ca. 3 times as long as high, 102-5 % 32:82, metatarsus I

65*6u. Dorsal setae 25h to 58n. (Nymph, after Tanaka),

Trag. japonica (Tanaka 1916).

Tarsi I ca. 3-5 times as long as high, 3704 X 1104, metatarsus I 270,.

Dorsal setae 30-40, long. Trag. nilotica (Ouds. 1904),

TRAGARDHULA NILOTICA (Trag. 1904 adult).

Trombidium niloticum Tragardh 1904, Res. Swed. Zool. Exped. Egypt and

White Nile, 1901, No, 20, 80 (adult, non larva).

Tragardhula nilotica Berl. 1912, Redia, 8, 4 (adult); Sig Thor and Willmann,

1947, Das Tierreich, Lig. 71 b., 353,

Blankaartia nilotica Berl. 1912, Redia, 8, 96 (adult); mom Oudemang 1911,

Entom. Ber., 3, 128 (larya) and Oudemang 1912, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., 14;

Cooreman 1948, Explor. van. het Nat. Park Albert, Afl, 14, 18 (adult).

Tragardhula niotica Womersley 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Austr., 72, (1),

Plate 84, fig. A-F.

Re-description of Adult (from specimen from India): Facies as in Trom-

dicula. Colour in life whitish (after Berlese). Length to 1,750p, width to

1,050» (after Berlese). Crista elongate, 260, with subposterior sensillary area

316 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

about as long as wide, with paired short nude sensillae to 52» long and their

bases 524 apart; epistome rounded, with fine denticulations and 1 ciliated seta.

Eyes I on each side, very large, 72u in diameter, and placed about midway along

and well away from erista. Chelicerae with finely serrate inner (dorsal)

edge. Palpi fairly stout; tibia with simple claw, and 3 accessory spines which

are almost claw-like and placed about midway between base of claw and

articulation of palpal tarsus; palpal tarsus elongate reaching beyond tip of

claw. Legs shorter than body, I the longest, 1,650u; tarsi I elongate and highest

in distal half, 375 long 123, high; metatarsi J 292¢ long. Sternum entire,

much wider than long; precoxal plates of leg I not evident, Dorsal setae 30-

40a, uniform, fairly and uniformly thick to tip, with short ciliations. Genital

dises 3 pairs,

Loc. and Remarks. This species which is the genotype, was originally

deseribed from specimens found on the leaves of an aquatie plant, Pistia, on

the White Nile. It was associated with a larval Trombidiid which was thought

to be its larva, but which is now regarded as not belonging to the same species,

or even to the Trombiculidae. Womersley (1948) has recently discussed this

question and suggested that the true larvae of Trogardhula nilotica may ulti-

mately be shown to be Tragardhula (Pentagonella) ardeae (Trag, 1904), which

agrees generically in the larvae, and which is the type of Sig Thor’s Pentagon-

ella. It was found on the legs of a heron from the same habitat and locality.

Tragardhula nilotica also oceurs in India in the same habitat and I am

informed by Dr. J, Cooreman of the Musée Royale Belgique, that he also has

material from a similar habitat in the Belgian Congo, strangely enough also

associated with larvae similar to those with which it was associated in Egypt.

In a recent publication (1948), Dr. J. Cooreman has recorded this material,

which ineluded adults, nymphochrysalides and larvae. Both adults and larvae

agree with Tragardh’s material (I was personally priviliged to see these

while in Brussels in 1947) but no details of the nymphochrysalis are given by

Cooreman. He considers that, the larvae and aduits being found together in a

precisely similar biotype to Tragardh’s specimens, the larvae and adults must.

hie associated. With this conclusion, as pomted out above, one must disagree.

TRAGARDHULA ACUSCUTELLARIS (Walch 1922).

Trombicula aeuscutellarig Walch 1922, Kitasato Arehiy. Exper. Med., 5, (3),

78; Gater B. A, R., 1932, Parasitology, 24, 143-174; Mehta D. A., 19387,

Ind. J. Med. Res,, 25, (2), 353-865; Philip, Woodward and Sullivan 1946,

Amer. J. Trop. Med., 26, (2); Radford C. D. 1946, Parasitology, 37,

(1-2); Jayewickreme 8. H., 1947, Nature, 160, 578.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 317

Trombicula (Pentagenella) acuscutellaris, Sig Thor 1936, Zool. Anz., 114, 30;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 67, (1), T8.

Tragdrdhula acuscutellaris, Sig Thor and Willman 1947, Das Tierreich, Lig.

71h, 296; Womersley 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 72, (1).

Plate 84, fig. G-N,

fie-description of Nymph (after Womersley 1948). Colour in life bright

red. Of typical Trombicule facies. Length to 800p, width across hysteroaoma

400». Crista linear with somewhat diamond-shaped sensillary area and two

nude filamentous sensillae, 136. long, bases 42» apart. Byes 1-+-1, well

removed from sensillary area and about half-way between extremes of crista.

Chelicerae normal with fine inner serrations. Palpi with tibial claw strong,

with 2 accessory spines but these on a slight boss and placed about midway

between base of claw and articulation of palpal tarsus. Palpal tarsus slightly

elayate, not reaching tip of claw. Legs shorter than body, I 660, long, II 460,,

UT 470, TV 5380p; tarsus I less than twice as long as wide, 151, by 91,, meta-

tarsus I 115, long. Dorsal setae numerous, 404 long, uniform, arising from

elosely set tubercles, uniformly thick with strong ciliations, Genital discs 2

pairs.

Description of Adult (aiter Womersley 1948). No apparent difference in

size of males and females. Colour in life deep red. Of typical Trombicula

facies. Length 1,800%, width across hysterosoma 1,200». Crista linear with

well developed sensillary area, roughly diamond-shaped, with the sensillae

bases at the end of transverse dumb-bell shaped areola; crista 300» long; sen-

stllae bases 65. apart, and sensillae 195 long, filamentous and nude. Epistome

well developed, rounded-conical with numerous teeth and a single seta 71x

tong, Eyes 1+ 1, large, well away from crista and midway of crista length.

Chelicerae with finely toothed inner edge. Palpi with strong tibial claw and

3 accessory spines which are distinctly away from base of claw, and another

on outer edge opposite articulation of tarsus, and on the onter surface another

strong spine. Legs normal, I 1,275y long, II 910, TIT 910% IV 1,235,;

tarsi I 325p long by 168, high, metatarsi I 2474 long, Sternal shield between

epimera of legs T and IT, markedly shorter than wide, Genital orifice situated

elose in to epimera of legs EIT and IV, with 3 pairs of disea; in the male pro-

vided with a penis as figured, the apical point of which is asymmetrical. Dor-

sal setae numerous, uniformly thick, with short ciliations, to 40..

Remarks. The nymphal description is from a specimen reared by C. D.

Radford from larvae from the Maldive Islands, and that of the adult from

captured specimens from 8. H, Jayewickreme from Ceylon (see Womersley,

1948). The adults and nymphs can be separated from other known species as

in the key,

318 RECORDS OF THE $.A. MUSEUM

TRAGARDHULA Japonica (Tanaka 1916).

Leptus autumnalis japonica Tanaka 1916, Igakkai Zasshi (in Jap.), 30, (22);

1918 Ikai Jiho (in Jap.), No, 1,228.

Trombicula autumnalis japonica (Tanaka ef al. 1930), Zentrblt. Bakt., 116,

(1), 361; Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, Das Tierreich, Lig. 71b.

Trombicula. japonica, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Austr.,

67, (1), 79.

Tragardhula japonica Womersley 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 72, (1).

Tanaka (1930) appears to haye been the only worker so far to have reared

and described the nymph of this species. The adult is still unknown, That it

must be placed in Tragardhula is evident from Tanaka's description of the

eyes, and from his photograph (Pl. IV, fig. au). In the presence of eyes in

the nymph it is not to be confused with the European autumnalis Shaw as was

done by Tanaka, and still more recently by Sig Thor and Willmann 1947. The

following description is drawn up from details given in Tanaka’s paper of

1930.

Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Length 4954 to 7904, width 248m

to 3892. Colour in life bright red, erista linear with subposterior sensillary

area, and paired filamentous sensillae similar to those of Jarvae. Hyes 1 ~-- 1,

well away from crista and well im front of sensillary area. Palp} fairly stout,

tibia ending in strong claw (accessory spines not mentioned by Tanaka, but

doubtless two and placed as in other species of Tragardhula); tarsus oval

three times as long as wide. Chelicerae serrated on inner (dorsal) edge. Legs

all shorter than body; length (excluding coxae) I 664p, II 394p, III 402,,

IV 459; tarsi I slightly more than three times as long as high, 193, by 61-5.

long, metatarsi I 123, long (those in a specimen 796, long). Dorsal setae

pointed and ciliated, longer posteriorly, ? to 582. Genitalia with 2 pairs of

dises, the anterior pair oval and larger than the round posterior pair.

TRAGARDHULA PERUVIANA (Ewing 1926),

Trombicula peruaiana Ewing 1926, Ent. News, 37, 112; Ewing 1931, Proce.

US. Nat. Mus., 80, (8), 9; Ewing 1933, Proce. U.S, Nat. Mus., 82, (29), 2.

Trambicula (Megatrombicula) peruviana, Michener 1946, Ann, Entom. Soe.

Amer,, 39, 434,

Tragardhiula. perwmiana, Womersley 1948, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Austr,, 72, (1).

This species is as yet, only known from a single adult in the U.S. Nat.

Mus., from El Campaniento, Pern. The description as given by Ewing (1926)

is as follows:

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PacIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 319.

‘Colour of preserved specimens a light. brownish orange. Palpi slender,

reaching to about the tips of first femora; palpa!l thumb slender, not swollen,

and slightly surpassing the palpal claw; penultimate seoment very slender and

bearing at its froe end the rather small palpal claw which is slightly over

one-half as long as the segment bearing it. In addition to the palpal claw, the

penultimate segment bears on its inside a comb of three long, approximate

spines, the middle of which is longer than the other two. Eyes projecting,

with strongly curved corueas aud situated far in front of pseudostigmatic area.

Pseudostigmatie area large, posterior lobes oval, approximate to medial line;

pseudostigmatie organs, very slender, flagelliform, and with a few pectinations.

Setae of body very long, especially on the shoulders and posterior margin;

barbed conspicuously for about two-thirds their length, but the tips almost

bare. First pair of legs much longer than the others; tarsus I slightly swollen, |

almost straight and about one-fourth longer than tibia I; tibia I clearly longer

than patella I; patella I and femur I subequal. Tarsus IE and tarsus IID about

one and one-fourth times longer than tibia II and tibia III respectively. Tar-

sus IV not swollen, considerably longer than tibia IV, and tibia IV «consider-

ably longer than patella IV. Length 2-5 mm.; width 1:5 mm.”’

TRAGARDHULA ALLEEI (Ewing 1926).

Trombicula alleei Ewing 1926, Ent, News, 37, 111; Ewing 1931, Proc, U.S. Nat.

Mus., 80, (8), 9; Ewing 1938, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mns., 82, (29), 2.

Trombicula (Megatrombicula) alleei, Michener 1946, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.,

39, 4384.

Tragardhula alleei, Womersley 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 72, (1).

Plate 85, fig, A-H.

This species was described origimally (Hwing 1926) from a single speci-

men (holotype male; in collection U.S. Nat. Mus.) from Barro Colorado Island,

Panama, Canal Zone. It was redeseribed by Michener 1946 from adults col-

lected at Juan Mina, Canal Zone, Panama. As well as being found in the

usual type of terrestial habitat, specimens of adults were also recorded as being

found on the floating leaves of Pistia stratiotes, a habitat similar to that for

Tragardhula nilotica in Egypt. and India, and also for Tragardhula attenuata

Michener from Panama,

Adults and nymphs were also reared by Michener from larvae.

Description of Adult (after Michener 1946). [Brilliant red in life.

Length 1°5 to 2-5 mm, Crista rod-like, expanded gradually to the rear in to

the triangular pseudostigmatic area, which bears the simple (and about as long

320 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

as the crista) pseudostigmata at its posterior lateral angles. Palpal tibia with

claw, measured along upper margin, 0-30 to 0-36 times its length; inner sur-

face of tibia with 3 spines arising from a small projection and a fourth much

nearer base; tarsus reaching tip of claw, slender, with 4 or 5 small bristles at

apex and mostly simple setae. Eyes 1+ 1, large, away from crista and in

front of pseudostigmatic area. Legs shorter than body; tarsus I swollen,

highest near middle, less than 3 times and sometimes only a little more than

twice as long as high, 1-30 to 1-38 times as long as preceding segment. Dorsal

setae from 70 to 160, long, ciliated.

Description of Nymph (after Michener 1946). Length freshly emerged

1-0 to 1:2 mm. Palpal tibia with only 2 aecessory spines (? sometimes only

one). Dorsal setae sparser than in adult, 50 to 70% long. ‘Tarsus I 1-4 to

1-5 times as long as preceding segment, Otherwise similar to adult except for

nymphal characteristics.

Bionomics, Michener has made some very interesting observations on

the habitat and life-history of this species. Adults were found at all seasons

in wet leaf mould close to the shore of the Chagres River, under aquatic vege-

tation left stranded, and on floating plants of Pistia stratiotes. Specimeng from

the last habitat were smaller, and more numerous. The eggs were laid singly

or in twos, threes or fours on leaves of Pistia, but in rearing some. thirty

larvae emerged at the same time, so it is probable that greater numbers were

laid. This is in agreement with the fact that the female of Tragardhula nilo-

tica from India studied by the present writer, contain some 12-15 eggs ready

for laying. In the species of Trombicula s. str. the eggs appear to be laid

singly, and rarely does one find more than 1 or 2 eggs in the gravid females,

Remarks. An adult specimen from Juan Mina, kindly sent to me by

Dr, Michener, has the following dimensions: Crista as figured by Michener, 390.

long, with sensillae 2404 long, nude; sensillae bases 84. apart. The epistome

is rounded conical with small denticles laterally, epistomal seta fine, sparsely

ciliated, 110. long. Tarsi of leg I 375p by 143y, metatarsi 2734. Dorsal setae

posteriorly to 84p. Eyes smaller than in velascot, 322 in diameter. The

sternum is well defined, wider than long; no precoxal plates on leg I.

TRAGARDHULA VELAScOT (Boshell and Kerr 1942),

Trombieula velascoi. Boshell and Kerr 1942, Rev. Acad. Columbiana Cien.

Exact, Fisic. Nat., 5, 113.

Trombicula. (Megatrombicula) velascoi Michener 1946, Ann. Entom, Soc.

Amer., 39, 438.

Tragardhula velascoc Womersley 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Austr., 72, (1), 89.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACciFic Scrusp T¥PHus MITES 321

Plate 85, fig, I-N,

Originally described from Restrepo, Intendencia de Meta, Columbia (type

locality), and also from Villa Vicencio, and the Municipe of Bolivar, Columbia,

this species was re-described by Michener from material from Jnan Mina and

Chiva Chiva, Canal Zone, Panama, and from Old Panama and Santa Roga,

Panama.

Both adults and nymphs were collected in nearly every month of the year

under stones and logs and in leaf mould, but frequently in relatively dry situa-

tions in contrast to other species.

The descriptions of the adult and nymph (after Michener) are as follow:

“Adult. Length 1:6 to 2-5 mm. Brilliant red in life. Claw of pedipalp

measured along upper margin 0-30 to 0:36 times length of pedipalpal tibia;

inner surface of tibia with eight to seventeen spines (average of twenty-five

specimens 12:1) arranged around lateral and apical margins, those nearest apex

consistently present, those nearer base of serment frequently absent, so that the

row of spines is sometimes broken by large gaps; sometimes there are one or

two spines arising near middle of segment, not in marginal row; finger of

pedipalp with five to seven short simple bristles apically, other hairs mostly

barbed or phimose, Crista and pseudostigniatic organs similar to those of

alleei. Body hairs about two-thirds as long on shoulders as on posterior end

of body, plumose but the setulae smaller towards apices of hairs and sometimes

absent from extreme apices; longest body hairs 0-15 to 0-20 mm. in length.

Legs shorter than body, or first pair as long as body, robust; last tarsal seg-

ment of anterior legs somewhat swollen, broadest near middle, slightly less

than three times to over four times as long as broad, 1-49 to 1-61 times as

long as preceding segment and ordinarily broader than that segment.

Nymph, Length (when freshly emerged) 0-9 to 1-0 mm. Older nymphs

reach 1-5 mm. Similar to adult except for usual nymphal characteristics.

Claw of pedipalp sometimes nearly half as long as tibia, which bears three

to eight spines on inner surface. Body hairs sparser than in adnlt, those of

posterior end of body two or three times as. long as those of shoulders; longest

hairs 0:09 to 0:14 mm. in ieneth. Legs similar to adult, last sezment of fore-

leg 1-50 to 1-60 (or in one specimen, perhaps abnormal, 1-75) times length

of preceding segment,”’

Bionomics. The larvae have been reared from captured females (see Lar-

val Section of this paper) and described by Michener 1946.

Remarks. I am indebted to Dr, Michener of the Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

New York for an adult of this species, from which the erista and coxae I and

IT with sternum are figured and the followine measurements made. Crista 360,

322 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

long, with subposterior sensillary area and sensillae long, 260.2, filamentous and

nude with bases 78, apart; epistome rounded-conical, 84% long by 78p wide at

base, margin scarcely dentate, seta long and slender, lightly ciliated, 110, long.

Eyes large, to 60, in diameter and situated away from crista and in front of

sensillary area, Palpi with simple tibial claw; tibia with 3 strong accessory

spines on inner tubercle, (Boshell and Kerr show 7-8 spines in the form of a

pectine, and Michener states that in a number of specimens they vary cousider-

ably from 8 to 17 with an average of 12; thus the specimen examined seems to

be an extreme form. The other spines have not been knocked off, for bases can-

not be seen). The tarsus with 5-6 apical spines. Tarsi of leg I are not quite

as long in proportion to height as shown by Michener, and measure 365. long

by 190, high, while metatarsi I are 250» long. The dorsal setae are somewhat

jonger anteriorly than posteriorly, to 78» and to 65 respectively. The getae

on the legs are much more slender and tapering, less strongly ciliated and

measure to 130-150p long. The sternum is well defined, entirely enclosed,

wider than long, and without a longitudinal division, ie, precoxal plates of

coxae I are absent or have combined to form the sternum.

Despite the differences between this specimen and Michener’s description

I have no doubt that it is the same species.

TRAGARDHULA ATTENUATA (Michener 1946).

Trombicula (Megairombicula) attenuata Michener 1946, Ann. Ent. Soe,

Amer., 39, 440.

Tragardhula attenuata, Womersley 1948, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 72, (1).

The description of the adult of this species as given by Michener 1946 is

as follows:

‘

Plate 85, fig. F—H.

“Adult. Length 2:0 mm. (varying from 1:4 to 2-1 mm. among para-

types). Brilliant red in life, Claw of pedipalp measured along upper margin

about 0-20 (varying from 0-19 to 0-23) times length of pedipalpal tibia,

which is extraordinarily slender; inner surface of tibia with three blunt spines

arising near (or basad of) middle of upper margin; finger of pedipalp with

four or fiye short simple bristles apically, other hairs mostly simple. Crista

about as in other species; pseudostigmatic organs simple, longer than crista.

Body hairs but little longer at posterior end of body than on shoulders, plu-

mose throughout length; longest body hairs 0°13 mim, (longest hairs varying

among paratypes from 0-05 to 0-13 mm.) long. Legs slender, anterior pair

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TypHus MITES 323

longer than body, others shorter; last tarsal segment of anterior legs not

swollen, not thicker than preceding segment, about parallel sided (sometimes

slightly thicker beyond middle or subapically than elsewhere), four and one-

half (varying from four to over four and one-half) times as long as broad,

1-20 (1:19 to 1:25) times as long as preceding segment,”’

Bionomies. Michener found this species only on floating plants of Pistia

stratioles on the Rio Hondo, along with two other species of Microtrombidiinae,

They were found among the coarse hairs and ribs of the under-side of the

leaves. The eggs were laid in masses of twenty-five to fifty on the under. sur-

face of the leaves, The larvae are only known from reared specimens, and their

hosts are unknown.

Genus IPOTROMBICULA nov.

With the general facies of Trombicula, constricted between second and

third pairs of legs. Crista flask-shaped, without an areola within the sub-

posterior sensillary area; a long ciliated seta, at the base of the rod of the

erista just anterior of the sensillary area; epistome transverse, with straight

front margin, denticulate, with one ciliated seta. Sensillae filamentous and

nude, Eyes one on each side, large, closely adjacent to sensillary area, Palpi

slender, tibia with simple claw and in adult, 8 accessory spines at base. Front

tarsi clavate, with the greatest depth (height) distad of middle.

Genotype Trombicula elegans Womergley 1942.

IrorROMBICULA ELEGANS (Womersley 1942).

Trombicula elegans Womersley 1942, Ree. S. Aust. Mus., 7, (2), 178, fig. 4 A-I.

Plate 86, fig. A—E.

Re-description of Adult. Very elongate species but with constriction

between second and third pairs of legs, Length 1-67 mm., width of both

propodosoma and hysterosoma 0-58 mm.; hysterosoma about twice the length of

propodesoma. Colour in spirit white, Crista 167 Jong, linear, with a sub-

posterior flask-shaped sensillary area without any dumb-bell shaped areola;

with paired, nude, filameutous sensillae 96. long, and their bases 424 apart;

in front of the sensillary area and on the rod of the crista is a ciliated seta

60» long; epistome transverse with straight front margin with fine denticula-

tions and one ciliated seta 54y long. Hyes large, one on each side and closely

adjacent to sensillary area. Chelicerae with inner (dorsal) margin finely

serrated. Palpi slonder; tibia with a strong simple, apical claw and 3 strong

accessory spines at its base; tarsus somewhat clavate and reaching tip of tibial

324 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

claw. Legs relatively short, I 1,000» long, II 665p, ITT 650,, [TV 900p; tarsus I

clavate with the widest part distad of the middle, 245, long by 1024 high

(remeasured) ; metatarsus ] 212, long. No distinct sternum, i.e, space between

anterior pairs of coxae not closed posteriorly, no precoxal plates on leg I.

Dorsal setae numerous, fine and slender, tapering with fine ciliations, 35.

anteriorly increasing gradually to 80, posteriorly, Genital aperture with 3

pairs of discs.

Loeality.. This species was described from two females from Lush Island,

South Australia, collected December, 1936 by the McCoy Expeditoin, from just

about high water mark. No fresh material has come to hand.

Genus SPEOTROMBICULA Ewing 1946.

J. Parasitology, 1946, 32, (5), 487. Genotype Trombicula trifurca Ewing,

1933, Proe, U.S. Nat. Mus., 82, (29), 1-6.

This genus is so far only represented by the genotype. The generic diag-

nosis as given by Ewing 1946 is as follows:

‘‘Adult stage. Palpi slender, slightly curved; palpal claw acute at apex,

with a single accessory spine near base; palpal patella not emarginate ventrally.

Epistome a poorly sclerotized band-like comb, One rostral seta present. Eyes

absent. Crista broad, plate-like; pseudostigmata small, far apart; pseudostig-

matic organs minute, setiform. Abdomen slightly constricted in front of

middle. Dorsal abdominal setae barbed, of one kind, longest on posterior mar-

ein. Genital opening large, with 3 pairs of genital suckers. Coxae I with a

shelflike expansion along its anterior margin. Coxae I and IT united. Anter-

ior legs much longer, and stronger than others and each ending in a pair of

subequal, curved, distally trifurcate claws. Legs IJ, I{I and IV nearly equal

and each ending in a pair of large, strongly curved, simple claws,’’

SPEOTROMBICULA TRIFURCA (Hwing 1933).

Trombicula trifurca, Ewing 1933, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 82, (29).

Speotrombicula trifurca Ewing 1946, J, Parasitology, 32, (5), 437.

Plate 86, fig. F—H.

Ewing’s description of this species is as follows:

** Adult. Slender, with anterior pair of legs, mouth parts, and anterior

part of cephalothorax darker and more sclerotized than the other parts. Mouth

parts situated on a more or less distinct capitulum, which has parallel sides and

is terminated below in a large trowel-shaped hypostome. Palpi slender, extend-

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 325

ing to about the middle of first patellae; palpal claw weak, slightly curved,

about two-thirds as long as segment which bears it; palpal thumb very slightly

swollen, reaching base of palpal elaw; only one accessory spine present. which

is about one-half as broad as palpal claw. Chelicerae very long and slender,

basal segment about four-fifths as long as capitulum; chela slender, with a

sharp upper edge. Crista broad, plate-like with pseudostigmatic area reduced

and near the posterior end; pseudostigmata small, circular, and far apart;

pseudostigmatic organs apparently absent. Eyes absent. Abdomen fully

twice as Jong as broad and with the usual constriction at the level of third

and fourth coxae; setae longest. around posterior margin. Genital opening

large; situated about half its diameter from fourth pair of coxae; genital

suckers six, first pair slightly larger than the others. Anal opening about half

as broad and two-thirds as long as genital opening and situated about its

greatest diameter from the latter. Coxue of first two pairs of legs united to a

sternum and those of first pair each expanded along its anterior margin into

a shelf-like lamella. Anterior pair of lees much larger and longer than the

others. and each ending in a pair of trifureate claws. Legs II and III rather

weak, subequal; legs IV considerably stouter and longer; claws of legs II, IIE

and 1V simple but inflated towards the tips. Length 2-7 mm.; width 0:9 mm.’’

Remarks. The species was described from four adults from Chilibrilla

Caves, Panama, and Ewing suggests that its larvae will probably be found to

parasitize bats. In his specific description he states that the psendostigmatic

organs are ‘‘apparently absent’’, but in his generic description says ‘‘minute,

setiform.’’ The sternum according to his figure is entire, and no precoxal

plates of leg I are evident. The epistome and epistomal (rostral) seta were

not described until his generic revision of the species in 1946. In this paper

he describes the epistome as... ‘‘a poorly sclerotized band-like comb.’’ He

also states .... ‘‘one rostral séta present.’’ In his fig. 1, the outlines of the

epistome are not delmeated except the denticulate anterior margin which is

straight. The rostral (epistomal) seta is shown as haying ouly one short

branch.

Genus TROMBICULA Berlese 1905.

Acari nuovi, Manip, IV, 155, t. XV, fig. 4 in ‘‘Redia’’, 1, (2), 1905; idem,

1912, ‘‘Redia’’, 8, (1), 94, fig. 44 A-C.

Genotype Trombicula minor Berl, 1905.

= Futrombicula Ewing s. str. 1938, J, Washington Acad. Sci., 27, 288-295.

With our increased knowledge of the adult species of the Trombiculidae,

and the correlation of adults and/or nymphs with their larvae it is possible to

326 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MuszkuUM

define the genus Trombicula in its non-parasitic stages with more precision as

in the following diagnosis,

‘Adults and nymphs of a characteristic figure of 8 shape, with a pro-

nounced median constriction, and the propodosoma usually narrower than the

hysterosoma. Crista linear, rod-like, ending anteriorly in a hyaline, transverse

or conical denticulate epistome with a single seta, and posteriorly with a more or

less diamond-shaped sensillary area, with an internal areola from which arise

a pair of filamentose sensillae. Hyes present, or absent, when present then

one on each side and placed closely adjacent to the sensillary area. Palpal tibia

with a single claw, and 3 accessory spines at the base of claw, with a single

strong spine about midway between base of claw and articulation of palpal

tarsus (in the nymphs with only 2 accessory spines at base of claw); rarely

with a pectine of spines on palpal tibia. Tarsi I tapering with the greatest

width (height) basad of middle, Sternum usually entire, no precoxal plates

present (in subgen. Leptotrombidium precoxal plates present on leg I forming

a longitudinally subdivided sternum). Genitalia with 3 pairs of dises in

adult, 2 pairs in nymphs.”’

The specific characters in this genus are somewhat intangible, consisting

mainly of the proportions in the length and height of the tarsi of leg I, and

the length of the dorsal setae.

The genus can, however, be separated into three subgenera, Trombicula

s. 8tr. 1905, Leptotrombidium Nagayo et al. 1916, and Neotrombicula Hirst

1915, based on the presence or absence of eyes, and the presence or absence of

precoxal plates on leg J, as given in the following key.

Key to the Subgenera. of TROMBICULA Berl. 1905.

1. Eyes present. No precoxal plates on leg I or these fused completely

to form an undivided sternum,

Subgen. Trombicula Berl. s. str. 1905,

Byesabsent .. eet to ra ae > 3 hi he 2

2. Precoxal plates well developed on leg I and forming a longitudinally

divided sternum.

Subgen, Leptotrombidium Nagayo et al. 1916

(type Trombicula akamusht Brumpt 1910).

No precoxal plates on leg I or these completely fused to form an

undivided sternum,

Subgen. Neotrombicula Hirst 1915.

(type Acarus autumnalis Shaw 1790).

. Size small, approximately 680, or ee :

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC ScRUB TyPHUS MITES 327

Subgen, TROMBICULA Berl, s. str. 1905.

Key to the Known Adult and/or Nymphal Species,

Old World species .. te Ee ot id ha

New World species ee 24 An se

He Co Or bo

Size larger, 1,000.2 or smaller .. : . a

Ryes very large, almost as wide as pingillary area, Dorsal setae uni-

form in length, 20-25, tapering with moderately long setules. Tarsi

J, 100u long by 40% high; metatarsi I, 90p long, not higher than

tarsi I. Trombioula (T.) minor Berlese 1905 (Adult).

Eyes smaller, not much wider than the basal cup or ring of the sen-

sillae, Dorsal setae 14y anteriorly to 20% posteriorly with long strong

setules. Tarsi I 72-8 long by 28-0 high; metatarsi I 61:6, long,

and higher than tarsi I. Trombicula (1) frittsi Wharton 1945,

Dorsal] setae to 40, tapering with moderately long setules decreasing

towards the tip. Tarsi J 2-4 times as long as high, and one and a

half times ag long as metatarsi. Trombicula (T.) samboni Womersley 1936

Dorsal setae 25 to 55y long, uniformly thick with setules equally long

to tip. Tarsi I twice to two and a half times as long as high, and

half as long again as metatarsi.

Trombicula (7.) wichmanni (Ouds. 1905).

Dorsal setae uniform in length, 3640». Targi I 1-41 to 1-49 times

as long as metatarsi; 1-76 times as long as high, 1-25 times as long as

metatarsi. Trambicula (T.) batatas (Linn, 1758).

Dorsal setae not uniform, increasing in length posteriorly .. s 6

. Dorsal setae posteriorly to 110p. Tarsi I 2-8 times as long as high,

1-25 times as long as metatarsi, Trombicula (T.) hellert Ouds. 1911.

Dorsal setae shorter posteriorly .. 23 re ‘i ie oi v4

. Dorsal setae posteriorly to 75p, apically in lateral view with an indis-

tinct spathulation showing dorsally as a small hyaline blob. Palpal

tarsus with 9-11 nude apical setae. SB 55-70u.

Trombicula (T.) splendens Ewing 1913.

= mason. BHwing 1943,

Dorsal setae shorter Bussernely and without. spiegl apechelation or

blob... 2 13

8. Posterior dorsal setae to A5p lade. Ratio feneth to height of tarsi I

= 2-1-2-6: 1-0 Trombicula he vanommerent Schierbeck 1937.

Posterior dorsal setae Jonger 4 nia 9

Tarsi I only slightly more than twice as pity as high, 2° 05-2: 11.

SB 48‘0-51-0n. Palpal tarsus with 7-8 apical nude setae. Dorsal

setae posteriorly to 56. Trombicula (1'.) alfreddugesii (Ouds. 1911).

Tarsi I rather more than 24 times as long as high, 2:59. SB 61-6p

apart. Palpal tarsus with 7-8 nude apical setae. Dorsal setae pos-

teriorly to 56» long. Trombicula (T.) jacott- nom, noy.

328 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Tromercuna (Tromsicuua) minok Berlese 1905,

Trombicula minor Berlese 1905, Acari nuovi, Manip. IV, 155, t. XV, fig. 4

in ‘‘Redia,’’ 2, (2) ; idem 1912, ‘‘Redia,’’ 8, (1), 94; Ewing 1920, Ann, Wnt.

Soc. Amer., 13, 385-389; idem 1938, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 28, 292;

idem 1944, U.S. Naval Med. Bull, 48, (4), 837-839; ? non Gunther 1939,

Proe. Linn, Soc. New South Wales, 64, 285-286; ? non Womersley and

Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. 8. Austr., 67, (1), 92; Willmann 1941, Zool.

Anz, 133, 131-136, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, aDs Tierreich, Lfg.

71h, 347.

Plate 87, fig. A-C.

Berlese described this species, the genotype, from two specimens from

Tjompea, Java. In his original description he figures an entire dorsal view

and a dorsal seta. Later 1912, in his monograph he added figures of the front

tarsus and metatarsus, and of the palp, as well as an enlarged figure of the

palpal tibia and tarsus. In the later work he stated that the types were in the

Hamburg Museum, but that he had retained fragments of one specimen from

which his later figures were derived, He further stated that he did not possess

the hase of the cephalothorax with the sensillary area and could not therefore

confirm the presence or absence of eyes. Because Berlese’s figure of the palpal

tibia shows only two accessory spines at the base of the claw, it has been gener-

ally assumed by acarologists that his specimens were nymphs. In 1941, how-

ever, Carl Willmann published his study of the types in the Hamburg Museum,

and showed that the two specimens were adult females, having 3 accessory

spines at the base of the palpal claw, and one specimen having an egg enclosed,

and both having the 3 pairs of genital discs.

The types were labelled ‘‘Tjompea, Java, 19, ITI, 1904, aus Hohlenguano

resiebt’’, this habit not having heen mentioned by Berlese.

Willmann gave a figure of the sensillary area and base of the crista, The

sensillary area is shown as hexagonal with the sensillae bases placed on the

lateral walls of the area. Around the Sensillae bases is to be seen a clearly

defined ciretilar line, with a diameter of about half the width of the sensillary

area, The inner third of this circular line is obscured by the area wall. Ewing

1944, in discussing Willmann’s paper regards these circles as the outer rim of

the very large sensillae bases, not as eyes. Willmann himself, however, appears

to be uncertain as to whether they sre eyes or not. To my mind they are

definitely eyes, or at least the rims of the lobes of the sensillary area, such as in

Berlese's figure for mediocris, but with the corneas not. shown, Ewing's idea

that they represent very large sensillary bases is not justified, The sensillae

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 329

bases in the Trombiculidae are a part of the sensillary area, and the position as

shown by Willmann indicates displacement in the preparation, This also would

account for the somewhat unusual position of the eyes partly beneath the wall

of the sensillary area. The sensillae are only shown in their basal portion, but

with distinctly short barbs.

In general, the figure given by Willmann agrees with that of Berlese 1908,

in which, under a lens, the large circles representing the eyes can be seen; it

also is closely suggestive of that of medtocris and the two forms may ultimately

be found to be the same.

Ewing in discussing Willmann’s paper coneluded as follows:

““1, Trombicula minor Berl. is a very small species; the adults of which are

about. the same size as the nymphs of Trombicula akamushi (Brumpt) and

Trombicula deliensis Walch.

2. The species is peculiar in that the pseudostigmata are very large, the pal-

pal claw is but slightly tapering and the subterminal spines of the palpal

tibia are almost setiform, long, set adjacent to each other and subparallel.

3. Being found in eave gnano, the inference is strong, that the larvae of

T. minor have bats as hosts.

4. Because of these facts it appears to the writer that Trombicula hirstt

Sambon is a species distinct from 7'. minor Berlese.”’

With these conclusions the present writer is generally in accord, except

in considering that the so-called large sensillae bases of Ewing are. really the

eyes, as discussed above.

By Willmann’s yeluable re-examination of Berlese’s types there seems

reasonable ground, for the present at any rate, for regarding 7, minor Berlese

as. different from J. wichmanni Ouds. (= medioerts Berl., = hirsti Sambon).

The most important differences are the smaller size, shorter and more uniform

dorsal setae, size and dimensions of front tarsi, and possibly in the structure

of the sensillary area and eyes.

For the present it also follows that the true larvae of T. minor are un-

known although several species of bat-infesting Trombiculids are known from

the Asiatic-Pacific area. However, until more material, both larvae and adults,

are obtained from the type locality, or adults and larvae correlated by rearing,

none of these known larvae can be assumed to belong to 7. minor Berlese,

Re-description of Adult (after Willmann 1941), Colour whitish. Body

elongate, strongly constricted medially, Crista long and straight (127), in the

middle with a longitudinal furrow, widened behind to a 6-angled sensillary

330 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

area, The pseudostigmata lie directly on the outer edges of the areola, From

them arises the Jong, stiff, finely ciliated sensillae. These are 107p long. ‘The

pseudostigmata are outwardly surrounded by a strongly developed smooth ring,

almost two-thirds round, resembling a (rudimentary) eye; the sensillae bases lie

eceentrically in the ring, and are half under the areola and half under the eye-

like ring, Palpal tibia with strong claw and on inner edge with 3 thick, closely

adjacent strong spines (not 2 spines as given by Berlese). Cuticle with short,

ciliated setae arising from small papillae. Leg I long and strong. Tarsus I

100» long by 40, high, metatarsus I 90% long. Length of animal 689,.

TromBicuna (TROMBICULA) FRITTS! Wharton 1945.

Trombicula frittsi Wharton, 1945, J. Parasitology, 31, 4, 282-285 (larvae).

Plate 87, fig. D-G.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies, but rather elongate-

Length (unfed) to 3252; width across propodosoma 150,, across hysterosoma

1624, Crista linear with subposterior sensillary area, length 75-6, SB 25-2p,

sensillae 70 long, slightly thickening soon after the base and basally finely

barbed bunt in distal three-fourths with long outstanding setules. Epistome

dentate, with one ciliated seta 22 long. Chelicerae finely serrate on inner

(dorsal) edge. Palpi rather elongate, with two accessory spines at base of

claw. Eyes present but difficult to see, one on each side and closely adjacent

ta sensillary area. Dorsal and ventral setae rather sparse, dorsally anteriorly

14yu lengthening to 20p posteriorly, pointed with outstanding setules. Legs: I as

long as hody, thicker and stronger than rest, to 325, long, II 195, III 182,,

IV 225; tarsi I tapering and slightly shorter than or equal to metatarsi, which

is wider, 72-8. long by 28-0 high; metatarsi I 64-4p, long by 30°84 high.

Genital organ with paired discs.

Toe. Described from the type nymph and 10 paratypes reared by

KE, L. Coeckings from engorged larvae from scorpions, Heterometrus longimanus

from Kukit Lagong Forest Reserve, Kepong, Kuala Lampur, ¥.M.S. The

jarvae were all collected on 21 Sept., 1949, and the nymphs emerged and were

mounted on the 10th and 14th Oct., 1949..

Remarks, The presence of distinct eyes, although these are not easily

seen, places this species in the genus Trombicula s. str. Although as yet only

lmown from the nymph in its small size, it is closely related to Trombicula

nunor Berl., and may even be the same. From Willmann’s deseription and

figures 1940, it appears to be distinct from Berlese’s species, at least in the much

smaller size of the eyes, and is thus separated in the key to the known species

of nymphs and adults given here.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SGRUB TypHvuSsS MITES 331

Tromprouta (TromBicuna) BataTas (Linn. 1758).

Acarus batates Linnaeus 1758, Gyst. Nat., 10th Ed, Genus 235, Species 22,

Eutrombicula batatas, Michener 1945, Ann. Rept. Gorgas Labor., U.S, Gov.

House Document, No. 396, p. 22; 1946, idem, U.S. Gov. House Document

No. 12, p. 18; 1946, Ann, Entom. Soe. America, 39, (1), 101-118; idem

1946, 2bad. 415.

For further synonymy see Larval Section.

Plate 87, fig, H-K.

This species has been reared through to all stages, and thoroughly described

and figured by Michener 1946. I am indebted to him for a number of speci-

mens of nymphs. The following description is summarized from Michener’s

studies:

Adut. Of typical Trombicula facies with hysterosoma wider than propo-

dosoma. Colour in life red. Size 9 770 to 990%; 3 660 to 8304 long, Crista

slender; sensillary area broader than long with a transverse curved ridge in

front of sensillae; sensillae filamentous, as long as crista, with a few short

branches distally. Palpi slender; tibia with 8 accessory spines at base of

claw and a fourth near middle of segment, Eyes one on each side, and

adjacent to sensillary area. Legs shorter than body, I the longest; tarsi I

1-41 to 1:49 times as long as metatarsi, Dorsal setae short, 36-40, long, with

short ciliations,

Nymph. As in adult, but smaller and with the usual nymphal differences

in accessory spines at base of claw being only two and in having only 2 pairs

instead of 3 pairs of genital discs. Length 590 to 550,,

Remarks. From the several specimens of nymphs of this species received

from Dr. Michener the following data was obtained :

Crista 162» long; sensillae 154», with bases 394 apart. Epistome and

epistomal setae not observed. Tarsi I 148 long by 84» high, metatarsi 118,.

Dorsal setae to 30p long.

Bionomics. The larvae of this species is common on domestic fowls and

many species of native birds in the Panama region as listed by Michener 1946,

TROMBICULA (TROMBICULA) HELLERT (Ouds. 1911).

Microtrombidiwm. hellert Oudemans 1911, Ent. Ber., 30, 120; tdem 1912, Zool,

Jahrbr., Suppl., 14.

ELutrombicula helleri, Ewing 1938, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 28, 294 (larvae);

Michener 1946, Ann. Entom, Soe, Amer., 39, 411 (adult and nymph).

For other synonymy see Larval Section.

332 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

Plate 87, fig, L-N.

Michener 1946 has deseribed the adult of this species from a single female

from which larvae identified as Oudemans’ species were obtained. The speci-

men was from leaf mould, at Santa Rosa, Colon Province, Panama, Sept. 10,

1945, The essential points of Michener’s description are:

Of typical Trombicula facies. Colour red. Length to 1-3 mm. Palpal

tibia with 3 accessory spines at base of claw (4 on one side) arising from a

small elevation on inner side. Crista slender, 190n long with broad subposterior

sensillary area which is 47, wide (measured to lateral margins). Eyes one on

each side, adjacent postero-laterally to sensillary area. Legs shorter than

body; I 900, long; tarsi I 1-25 times as long as metatarsi and 2-8 times as

long as high. Dorsal setae, ciliated, twice as long posteriorly as on shoulders,

posteriorly to 1104 slender. Genitalia with 3 pairs of dises.

TrompBicuLa (TROMBICULA) VANOMMERENI Schierbeck 1937.

Trombicula vanommerend Schierbeck 1937, Ann. Parasit. Hum. Comp,, 15, 326.

Eutrombicua vanommerem, Michener 1946, Ann. Entom. Soc. Amer., 39, 413.

For further synonymy see Larval Section.

The nymphs and adults of this species are only known from specimens

reared from larvae on lizards (Ameiva praosignis) from Panama, and described

by Michener 1946, For other references to hosts of the larvae see Larval

Section,

The following details are from Michener’s paper:

Adult. Facies asin J. (#.) batatas. Colour red. Length 900, to 1,100,.

Crista slender, 150 to 170, long with broad subposterior sensillary area, 59 to

75p wide (as between lateral margins). Sensillae about as long as crista with

a few distal branches, yes large, half width of sensillary area. Palpal

tibia with 3 accessory spines at base of claw arising from a slight protuberance,

and a fourth at middle of segment. Legs all shorter than body; I 730,; tarsi I

1:36 to 1-41 times as long as metatarsi and 2-1 to 2-6 times as long as high.

Dorsal setae; those on shoulders about two-thirds as long as posteriorly, pos-

teriorly 45 to 47» long. Genitalia with 3 pairs. of discs.

Nymph. As in adult but smaller and with nymphal characteristics.

Tarsi I 1:7 to 2:2 times ag lone as high, and 1-39 to 1:53 times as long as

metatarsi,

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 333

TrompicuLa (TRompicuLA) ALFREDDUGESII (Oudemans 1910).

Microtrombidium alfreddugest, Ouds. 1910, Ent. Ber. Nederl, Ver, 3, 84

(larvae). (For further synonymy of larvae see Larval Section.)

Trombicula cinnabarinus Ewing 1920, Ann. Ent, Soc. Amer,, 15, 387, fig. 3.

Trombicula irritans, Ewing 1925, Proce. Biol. Soe. Washington, 38, 17-20;

idem 1931, Proc, U.S.N. Mus., 89, (8), 8.

Eutrombicula alfreddugesit, Ewing 1944, J. Parasitology, 30, (6), 341.

Trombicula thalsahuate, Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, Das Tierreich, Lfg.

71b, 345,

Plate 88, fig, A-F’.

This species has been fairly well described and figured by Ewing under

the name cinnabarinus and is very widely distributed in the United States of

America (Ewing 1944). Ewing’s description is as follows:

“Adult, Colour in live adults vermilion, or cinnabar. Cephalothorax

triangular and with the crista extending from the anterior end of the latter

as a gtraight ridge to about the middle of the triangular pseudosigmatie area.

Posterior lobes of pseudostigmatic area evenly rounded and near the median

line. Pseudostigmatic organs arising from pseudostigmata and provided with

a few minute barbs on the posterior margins near their tips. Eyes well

developed, very near the pseudostigmata and with thick and strongly curved

corneas. Palpi armed with three tibial spurs; the longest of which is less than

half as long as palpal claw; thumb of palpus not swollen and not surpassing

the palpal claw. Chelicerae with lower chela sharp and provided with about

two dozen backwardly directed teeth; upper chela represented by a chitinous

tuberele-like knob. Abdomen elothed with the usual setae, which are but slightly,

if at all, longer on the posterior border than on the shoulders, and have the

barbs smaller at the somewhat tapering tip. Legs about as usual, the first

pair being much the largest and longest. The tarsi of this pair are one and

forty-seven hundredths times as long as the tibia. Posterior legs reaching to

the tip of abdomen. Length of medium sized specimens, 0-92 mm.; width

0-52 mm.’’

In his 1944 paper, Ewing also figured and deseribed the genital aperture

avid penis of the male.

Of this species I have been able to study the following specimens:

Two adults reared from larvae from Neotoma micropus Baird nests from

Laguna Madre, Texas, Sept. 21st, 1945 (D. E. Hary and V, L. Wooley) and

334 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

kindly presented to me by Dr. G. H. Wharton. Also a number of specimens

from amongst a collection of Trombidiids and Hrythraeids sent to me by

Dr. F. Bonet from Mexico. This last lot of material comprised nymphs and

adults of both sexes. From this material the following data can be added to

the description, and the figures accompanying this paper have been drawn,

Length of adults to 1,170»; width across propodosoma 585y, across hystero-

soma 780y. Crista (excluding epistome) to 195. long, Epistomal seta 394

long, and margin of epistome denticulate. Sensillae distally with a few branches,

to 100. long, and with the bases 58. apart. Legs I to 845p, IT 520n, ITIL 455,,

TV 7004; tarsi I 208% long by 104» high, metatarsi 1562 long. Dorsal setae to

45, long, fairly thick and not much tapering, with numerous strong setules.

In the male sex there are 4 apically spathulate and fimbriated ‘‘titillating’’

setae (not shown or observed by Ewing) on each side of the genital aperture

and placed on a lobe and about midway between the second and third genital

discs.

TromBicuna (TRoMBIcULA) SPLENDENS Ewing 1913.

Trombicula splendens Ewing 1913, Bull, Amer. Mus., 32, 13-114, pl. 7, fig. 5;

idem 1920, Ann, Ent. Soc, Amer., 13, 306, 389; idem. 1926, Ent. News, 37,

111; idem 1932, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 80, 10; Sig Thor and Willmann

1947, Das Tierreich, Lig.71b, 349; Jenkins 1949, J. Parasitology, 35,

201-4.

Acariscus masom Ewing 1943, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 45, 60.

Eutrombicula masont (Ewing) Jenkins 1947, Ann, Ent. Soc. Amer., 40, 56-68.

Plate 88, fig, G-K.

Jenkins has recently discussed this species and established the synonymy

of reared adults of masoni with splendens of Ewing. _

A re-description of the adult, from 2 males and 2 females from culture

No. 123, Duke University, N.C., 22 Dee. 1946 and kindly given to me by

Dr. G. W. Wharton is as follows:

Adult. Colour in life red. Of typical Trombtcula facies, Length te

1,500u; width across propodosoma 850, across hysterosoma 990y. Crista

elongate, to 182 long, with diamond-shaped sensillary area, and paired

filamentous sensillae to 180, long and finely ciliated or nude distally

with their bases from 58-8 to 67-6x apart (Jenkins gives 55-70);

epistome not clearly visible but apparently rectangular with dentate margin;

epistomal setae to 424, Byes 1+ 1, closely adjacent to sensillary area. Cheli-

cerae finely serrate on inner (dorsal) edge. Palpi stont; tibia with claw and

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 335

3 stout accessory spines at the base of claw; ventrally the tibia with a long

nude spine-like seta; palpal tarsus with 9-11 nude apical setae. Dorsal setae

fairly long, increasing from 30p anteriorly to 75, posteriorly, slender, strongly

and long ciliated and at tip with a small and indistinct spathulation in lateral

view and a hyaline blob in dorsal view. Legs I longer and stronger than the

rest, to 990., IT 640, ITT 710p, TV 895y; tarsi I from 214, long by 117, high,

to 2404 by 1364 long (mean 2302 by 128, ratio 1°8:1-0); metatarsi J

149, to 1754 long (mean 167p, ratio length tarsi [ to metatarsi I 1-37:1-0).

Coxae I without precoxal plates. Male as in female, except for the genitalia but

precise details were not suificiently clear.

TromBIcULA (TROMBICULA) JACOTI nom, NOV,

Trombiculoides scaber Jacot 1938, Psyche, 45, 121-182, non Trombidium

scabrum Say, 1821, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia.

Plate 89, fig. A—-D.

Ewing 1946, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 59, 69, has discussed the status

of Trombiculoides Jacot 1938, and clearly shown that the species which Jacot

referred to Say's scabrwm is not this species as recognized by other writers.

Howard (1918) reared the larvae and figured the species regarded as

Say’s scabrum, placing it in Sertcothrombium Berlese, From Howard’s figures

and from Say’s statement (1) that ‘‘the eyes are pedunculate and white’’ and

(2) that “‘the bedy is ovate, broadest and very obtusely rounded before and with

hardly perceptible hairs’’ it is certain that Jacot’s specimens are not the same

as Say’s, a conclusion in which I am in full agreement with Ewing.

Jacot gives ‘‘from under the bark of a large prone oak, near Savannah,

Georgia,’’ as the locality for his specimens, and because some of the other

species (but not scabrum) recorded by Say were from Georgia concludes that

this was the type locality for scabrum. As pointed out by Ewing, however,

Say merely states ‘‘in forests, on trees, etc. not. uncommon’’ with no definite

locality.

As Jacot’s identification of his specimens with scabrum is therefore incor-

rect, his generic name Trombiculoides becomes a synonym of Sericothrombium

Berlese. The specimens of Jacot are typical Trombicula as recognized in the

present work, and a new specific name being required, that of jacoti is pro-

posed,

From Dr. J. Bequaert, of the Museum of Comparative Zoolozy, Cambridge,

Mass., I'am very much indebted for the loan of Jacot’s topotype material, and

the following re-description is drawn up from the five specimens:

336 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Adult. Colour (in life red). Of typical Trombicula facies. Length to

1,300g. Width across propodosoma to 1,040», across hysterosoma to 780y.

Crista linear, 1954 long, with subposterior diamond-shaped sensillary area with

distally ciliated filamentous sensillae to ca, 112» long, and their bases 61:6,

apart; epistome apparently rounded-conical with dentate margin and epistomal

seta to 564 long. Eyes 1+-1, closely adjacent to sensillary area. Chelicerae

with finely serrate inner (dorsal) edge. Palpi stout, tibia with claw and 3

strong accessory spines at base of claw, on outer side with a long nude spine-

like seta; tip of tarsus with ca. 7-8 nude setae. Dorsal setae tapering with

fine ciliations, on propodosoma to 28 long, posteriorly on hysterosoma to 56.

long. Legs, I longer and stronger than the rest to 975, IT 520,, III ?,

IV 715p; tarsi I 240% by 92-6. high (mean of 4 spec., ratio length to height

== 2°59:1-0), metatarsi I 1694 long (ratio length tarsi I to metatarsi I =

1-43:1:0).

Male unknown.

Remarks. In the proportions of the front tarsi and metatarsi this species

is nearer to alfreddugesit than to splendens, but seems to be distinct therefrom

as in the key.

TromBicuLa (TROMBICULA) WIOHMANNI (Ondemans 1905).

Trombidium wichmanni Oudemans 1905, Ent. Ber., 7, (22), 217; idem 1906,

Nova Guinea, 5, 106, 132.

Trombicula medioerts Berlese 1912, Redia, 8, (1), 95; Hatori 1919, Ann. Trop.

Med. & Parasit., 13, 233; Kawamura and Yamaguchi 1921, Kitasato

Archiv, Exp. Med., 2, 169; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich,

Lfg. 71b, 348.

Trombicula pseudoakamushi Hatori 1919, Aun. Trop. Med, & Parasit., 13, 233

(non Tanaka et al, 1930, Zentrbt. Bakt. Orig., 116, 335); Walch 1923,

Kitasato Archiv, Exper. Med., 5, 63; Hirst 1929, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

(10), 3, 564.

Trombicula pseudoakamusht var. deliensis Walch 1924, Trans. Vth, Bien.

Congr. Far East. Assoc. Trop. Med., 691; idem 1924, Geneesk. Tijds. Ned.

Indie, 64, (3) ; idem 1925, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med., 6, 235.

Trombicula hirstt Sambon 1927, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9), 20, 157.

Trombicula hirsti var. buloloensis Gunther 1989, Proe. Linn. Soc. New South

Wales, 64, 78; idem 1939, ibid. 466.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 337

Trombicula minor, Gunther 1939, Proce. Linn. Soe. New South Wales, 64, (5-6),

466 (non Berlese 1912, Redia, 8, (1), 98); Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc.

S. Austr., 63, 149; Womersley and Heaslip 1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Austr.,

67, (1), 92 (mon Berlese 1912) ; Gunther 1940, Prove. Linn. Soc. New South

Wales, 65, (5-6), 477-478 (non Berlese 1912).

Trombicula minor var. deliensis, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soc.

8. Austr., 67, (1), 94.

For further synonymy see Larval Section.

Plate 89, fig. ET.

Oudemans originally described the larvae of wichmanm from Goura coro-

nata from New Guinea and from man from the North Celebes. In 1919 Hatori

referred to but did not describe a larval Trombicula from Formosa under the

name of ‘‘pseudoakamusht (non Tanaka)’’ and claimed to have obtained larvae

from captured adults which he considered identical with Trombicula mediocris

Berlese from Java.

Tn 1921 Kawamura and Yamaguchi, working also on Formosan material,

described and figured in detail what they regarded as Watori’s species and

affirmed his opinion that the aduits were medioaris.

In 1917, Miyajima and Okumura (Saikin Zasshi, 266; 898-908, in Japan-

ese) described and figured the adult of a species of Trombicwla which they

doubtfully referred to mediocris. At the same time they described a ‘‘thin-

haired’’ type of larvae, which they compared with the European gutumnalis

pointing out some of the differences therefrom. From the very excellent

figures both of the larvae and adult, it is reasonably certain that the larvae

ean be referred to wichmanni Ouds, and the adult to mediocris Berlese,

Walch 1923 recorded, larvae from Deli, Sumatra, as pseudoakamushi. Hatori,

and in 1924a, and 1924b, and 1925 referred it to a variety deliensis of this

species, and figured the crista and eyes, palpi and dorsal setae.

In 1929, Ilirst suggested the possibility that the larvae, hirsti Sambon

1927 from Queensland, might be conspecific with Oudemans wichmanni. Carl

Gunther 1989 described larvae from New Guinea as 7. hirsti var, buloloensis,

and later in the same year, as a result of having reared nymphs, considered

hirsti as a synonym of minor Berlese. This was followed by Womersley 1939

and Womersley and Heaslip 1943. In 1943 Womersley and Heaslip regarded

the variety deliensis Walch as belonging to minor Berlese. For the Formosan

pseudoakamusht Hatori, Womersley and Heaslip after showing that the name

was invalid proposed the name hatorii and further showed that it was closely

338 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

related to wichmanni, only differing in the higher values of AM, AL, PL and

Sens. and in the larger ratio of PW/SD.

Towards the end of 1944 I received from Major R. N- McCulloch, four

adult Trombicada collected in soil, New Guinea, from which he had successfully

reared a number of larvae which were identified at the time as T. hatorit Wom.

and Heasp, These adults, on examination were found to agree entirely with

the figures and data given by Kawamura and Yamaguchi for their Formosan

mediooris as well as with Berlese's figures and description, except that they

were red in life, not white as given by Berlese. This had been noted by Kawa-

mura and his colleagues, and it was suggested that Berlese’s specimens had heen

bleached by the spirit.

The above New Guinea specimens also agree very well with the figures of

the nymphs of pseudoakamushi var. deliensis given by Waleh.

There seems little doubt therefore, that wichmanni Ouds. ig the name by

which this species should be known, as given in the above synonymy. Whether

it is to be further synonymized with miner Berlese 1904, as has been done by

Gunther 1939, 1940, and by Womersley 1939, and Womersley and Heaslip 1943,

is somewhat doubtful, for following the re-deseription of the types of minor

by Willmann 1941 (Zool, Anz., 133, 181-136) this species appears to be differ-

ent (see under Trombieula minor). These differences, however, are rather

small and quite possibly it may be later established that wichmanni Ouds, 1905

is synonymous. with minor Berlese 1904. Dr. H. 8. Fuller has expressed to me

in a letter his opinion that pseudoukamushi is the same as wichmanni, and I

have seen a preparation in the Oudemans’ collection at Leiden given to Oude-

mans by Walch of 3 nymphs labelled pseudoakamushi, bred from larvae by

Walch. These not only agree well with Walch’s figures, but also in the erista

with Willmann’s 1941 figure for minor Berlese.

In deseribing his methods of obtaining larvae from adults captured in the

field Major McCulloch (a it.) states:

‘<The adult specimens, later determined as mediocris, were collected at Lae,

on April 9th and 10th, 1944. In searching for them and keeping them (and

algo the larvae) in the laboratory, I followed the advice of Maj. G. M. Kobls,

In jungle where larval mites were relatively numerous litter was scraped from

the soil and adults watched for on the surface, then in the top inch of soil

and finally in some patches by digging and crumbling the soil down to about

six inches. In 2 days about 15 adult red Trombiculids were found on or close

to the surface. There were also present at various depths more numerous and

larger mites, probably adult Erythraeidae, ete.

“The adult Trombiculids were tubed individually each with about 4 tea-

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRuB TYPHUS MITES 339

spoonful of moist soil, previously sterilized by steaming, from the locality, The

test tubes were closed by corks, perforated to allow aeration, covered with

valico and inverted into the tubes to give a tight fit so that the larvae could

not force their way into any space between the edge of the cork and the glass.

The specimens were kept in the laboratory where the temperature varied

between 74° F. in the early morning and 85-88° F. in the afternoon. A few

drops of water were added to the soil in each tube from time to time, and a

little condensed muvisture was always present on the inner wall of the tubes.

In this manner larvae of Schiingastia blestowei were kept alive for as long as

46 days.

““The living adult Trombiculids were examined from time to time as other

work allowed. On May 15th it was. observed that one had produced more than

a dozen larvae, apparently sometime earlier, No eggs were found. Some of the

other adults had died, and the remainder had then to be killed. The specimens

o£ larvae were then forwarded to Adelaide for identification.”’

As previously stated the above larvae were identified as 7. hatorit Wom.

and Ileasp. 1943 (= wichmanni Ouds. 1905) and the adults .as mediocris Berl.

1912,

The following description of the adult is based on the above New Guinea

specimens; that of the nymph is from those reared from larvae by Kawamura

and Yamaguchi, who gave little detail, and by Walch; both from T. psexudoa-

kamnushi Hateri.

Adult. Colour in life red. Of typical Trombicula facies, with constriction

between second and third pairs of legs, Length 1,100p (Berlese 1,559,; Miya-

jita and Okumura 1,450.) ; width atross propodosoma 525, across hysterosoma

675 (Berlese max, 900%; Miyajima and Okumura max, 830.2), Orista 197u

long, linear, with subposterior more or less triangular broad sensillary area,

with paired filamentous sensillae, which are closely and shortly barbed basally,

and with more open longer ciliations distally; (other students make no refer-

ence to the sensillae having barbs on the basal portion); sensillae bases 62,

apart. Epistome rounded, finely denticulate with 1 ciliated seta to 60 long.

(Miyajima and Okumura for their specimens from Formosa figure the cpistome

as truncate anteriorly, with no lateral denticulations. This feature, however,

is extremely hyaline and difficult to make out). Chelicerae with inner (dorsal)

concave margin finely denticulate. Palpi fairly stout; tibia with simple claw,

and 3 accessory spines at base thereof, and a fourth about midway between

base of claw and articulation of palpal tarsus; tarsus widest medially and

slightly over-reaching tip of claw. Eyes fairly large. with distinct corneas, one

on each side, close to sensillary area and postero-lateral of sensillae bases.

340 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Legs all] shorter than body, I the longest and strongest 945» long, IT 4525p,

Lit 525, LV 600u; tarsus b 208, long by 100n high, metatarsus I 135, long

(Berlese gives tarsus [ 210, by 80,, metatarsus 1404; Miyajima and Okumura

figure tarsus rather more than two and half times as long as wide), Sternum

entire, about as wide as long; no precoxal plates on leg I. Dorsal setae from 25p

anteriorly to 55 posteriorly (Berlese gives 25p to 702; Miyajima and Okumura

give 25-50,), setae uniformly thick with moderately long ciliations. Genital

aperture with 3 pairs of discs. In the male, with four spathulate fimbriated

‘‘titillating’’ setae as deseribed and figured for alfreddugesii Ouds.

Nymph. As in adult but smaller and with the usual nymphal character-

istics as only 2 accessory spines at base of paipal claw, and only 2 pairs of

genital dises. Crista 1062 long, SB 404. Sensillae ca. 99m plus. Tarsi I 116,

long by 60, high; metatarsi I 79y. Dorsal setae as in adult 25y to 45y long,

Material. seen, Three adults from Lae, New Guinea (R. N. MeCulloch),

one adult from Innisfail, Queensland, previously recorded as minor Womersley

and Heaslip 1943 (W.G.H.); three adults from New Guinea, Dobodura area,

April, 1944 (GQ. M. Kohls); one adult from damp soil, Goodenough Island,

August, 1944; one adult from soil, Admiralty Island, Aug., 1944 (NAMRU II

132, G.W._W.).

Two nymphs reared by Dr. C. Gunther, in New Guinea, Bulolo area,

1939, and one reared by Maj, Kohis, Dobodura area, New Guinea, 1944 (No. 19,

G.M.K.).

Remarks. With regard to the habitat in which the adults were found

Maj. McCulloch writes me as follows: ‘‘That they were all mediocris ig most

interesting in view of the fact that they came from ground where the over-

whelmingly abundant larvae were Schéngastia blestowet. Because of its rela-

tively high mite infection this ground was used for weeks as a test area, and

at least 50 larvae were collected on boots and identified daily. About 99% were

8. blestowei, the rest either 8. parva Wom. 1944 (—schuffneri Walch) or

T. hatort (previously identified by me as wickmannt) but referred by Womers-

ley to hatort.”

TromsBicuLa (TROMBICULA) SAMBONI Womersley 1939.

Trombicula samboni Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8 Austr., 63, (2), 153.

Trombicula hirsti, Hirst 1929, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), 3, 564, now Sambon,

1927, ibid. (9), 20, 157; Womersley 1934, Rec. S. Aust. Mus., 5, (2) 212,

nee Sambon, 1927. All as larvae.

Trombicula samboni, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soe. 5. Austr.,

67, (1), 95, (adult).

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 341

Plate 89, fig. J-O,

Adult. Colour in life red. Of typical Trombicula facies with constriction

between second and third pair of legs. Length to 1,200, width across propo-

dosoma 690p, across hysterosoma 860. Crista well developed, 170, long, rod-

like with wide, roughly diamond-shaped subposterior sensillary area, with

paired sensillae 118, long and shortly ciliated on distal half, their bases 47p

apart. Eyes one on each side, large and closely adjacent to sensillary area,

deeply pigmented in life, but rather difficult to see In preparations. Epistome

rounded-conical, finely denticulate, with 1 setae. Chelicerae with the inner

(dorsal) edge finely serrate. Palpi moderately slender; tibia with 3 accessory

spines at base of claw. Legs all shorter than body; I the longest and strongest,

775p long, 11 520, IIT 600pn, IV 680,z; tarsus I 206y long by 86% wide, metatarsus

I 137» long. Sternum entire, about as wide as long; no precoxal plates on

leg I. Clothing of dense, ciliated, pointed setae, to 40u long posteriorly, the

ciliations long and outstanding. Genital opening with 3 pairs of discs,

Nymph. Similar to adult in all details except size, with only 2 pairs of

genital dises and 2 accessory spines at base of palpal tibial claw. Length to

1,009.2; width across propodosoma 600pn, across hysterosoma 720m.

Remarks. This species is only known from South Australia, where since

the extermination of the native fauna it has established itself as larvae on the

introduced rabbit.

Subgenus LEPTOTROMBIDIUM Nagayo et al; 1917.

J. Exper. Med., 25, (2), 255, 1917.

Genotype Trombidium akaniushi Brumpt 1910.

Nagayo, Miyajima, Mitamura and Imamura, 1917 proposed this generic

name for the Japanese species akamushit Brumpt, on various differences from

“other trombidia’’. In 1921, however (Amer. J. Hygiene, 1, (5, 6), 588),

they adopted Berlese’s name of Trombticula,

In 1946 (Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington, 48, 171-178) Wharton pointed

out that the proved vectors of tsutsugamushi disease belonged to a small group

of larval species, which he defined as the ‘‘akamusht’’ group of the genus

Trombicula, In the present studies it is further shown that, where the larvae

of this group of species have been reared to and correlated with adults or

nymphs, they are also distinct generically from other Trombtcula species. Thus

@ new generic name is required, and that proposed by Nagayo et al. 1917, for

akamusht is available. The diagnosis of the genus is as follows:

Adult and Nymph. Facies as in Trombicula with marked constriction

between propodosoma and hysterosoma. Crista elongate with roughly diamond-

34-2 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

shaped sensillary area, with internal areola and a pair of filamentous sensillae.

Epistome rectangular with the anterior margin slightly concave or sinuous,

with fine denticulations on the shoulders and with 1 ciliated seta. Eyes absent.

Tarsi of leg [ tapering, widest basad of middle. Coxae of leg I with precoxal

plates, which form a longitudinally divided sternum.

Key to the Known. Adults and Nymphs.

1, Dorsal setae ending in a hyaline knob, or small spathulation ..

Dorsal setae not so .. tg fan aA - 5:

2. Dorsal setae posteriorly terminating in a hyaline knob aa

Dorsai setae posteriorly terminating in a small spathulation . . ahs

3. Dorsal setae shorter, more uniform from 30p to 45 long. Tarsi

hardly twice as long as high; half as long again as metatarsi.

Trombicula (L.) deliensis (Walch 1922),

Dorsal setae longer, from 30, anteriorly to 90. posteriorly. Tarsi I

more than twite as long as high; half as long again as metatarsi.

Trombicula (Z.) pallida (Nagayo et al. 1917),

rom we

4. Posterior dorsal setae to 60-80, lone .. Ys a ide ws 5

Posterior dorsal setae to 56 p long. Metatarsi I about as long as tarsi

ave high. Trombicula (L.) burmensis Uwing 1945.

5. Metatarsi I longer than tarsi are high.

Trombicula (L.) fuller: Ewing 1945.

Metatarsi I about as long as tarsi are high,

Trombicula (L.) longiseta sp. n.

6, Dorsal setae posteriorly to 1104; ending in a strong sigma-like

spinule. Tarsi I more than twive as long as high; half as long again

as metatarsi. Trombicula (L.) myzantha sp, u-

Dorsal setae shorter, posteriorly to 702, uniformly thick, and not end-

ing in such a spinule. Tarsi I two and a half times as long ag high;

half as long again as metatarsi.

Trombicula (L:) akamushi (Brumpt, 1910).

(= fletcheri Wom. and Heasp. 1943).

TroMBIcuLa (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) DELIENSIS (Walch 1922),

Trombicula deliensis Walch 1922, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med., 5., (3),

(larva) ; for other larval synonymy see Larval Section.

Trombicua deliensis, Walch 1922, Geneesk. Tijds. Neder, Indie, 64, (3), 514;

idem 1924, Tr, Vth. Bien. Congr. Far East, Assoc. Trop. Med., Singapore,

583; Radford 1946, Parasitol., 37, (102), 42-45; idem 1946, ibid. 46-54;

Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy, Soc, 8. Austr., 67, (1), 98; Sig Thor

and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, Lfg. 71b.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC: SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 343

Plate 90, fie. A-G.

The nymph of this species was first reared from larvae and described by

Walch from Deli, Sumatra, when the entire animal, crista, chelicera, palp and

dorsal seta as well as the sternum were figured. The erista was shown as having

a somewhat dumb-bell shaped sensillary area with the postero-lateral corners

angular; the anterior rod was only indicated hy a fine line, the outer borders

not being shown; no epistome was indicated, but a single ciliated epistomal seta

was figured, The sensillae were shown as shortly barbed on the basal part,

with longer ciliations distally. The dorsal setae were figured with almost even

thickness and ciliations, with at the apex a hyaline knob or blob. The sternum

was shown as being divided fongitudinally.

Radford (1946) also reared nymphs from larvae in Ceylon, and later was

able to correlate them with adults found in the field. In his first paper Rad-

ford gives fairly good figures of this species, and of eertain details. The crista

is shown more clearly and the posterior triangular projection of the sensillary

area is indicated.

Dr. Radford has very kindly presented me with a. number of adults as

well as two nymphs of this species from which the following re-description and

figures are drawn:

Adult. Length 8004 to 1,030, excluding capitulum (Radford gives 1,200n

including capitulum and 900, without) ; width across propodosoma 300, to 470p

(Radford 600,), across hysterosoma 400. to 660» (Radford 6752). Facies as

in Trombicwa with pronounced median constriction. Colour in life red. Crista

linear, 151-160 long (Radford 144y,), with diamond-like subposterior sensillary

area, and paired filamentous sensillae, distally ciliated, the sensillac bases 61 to

66 apart (Radford 68), Epistome transverse rectangular, with denticulations

anteriorly and 1 ciliated seta. Palpal tibia with 3 accessory spines at base of

claw. Chelicerae finely serrate on inner edge, Legs: I 660n to 820, long

(Radford 675), II 440 to 460, (Radford 450), ITI 400, to 5004 (Radford

4502), IV 5394 to 600% (Radford 6302); tarsi I 182 to 191e long by 97p to

106 high; metatarsi I 1152 to 1214 long. Precoxal plates of ler I well

developed, and conjoined to form a longitudinally divided sternal plate.

Dorsal setae posteriorly to 45, long (Radford 74), uniformly thick and

ciliated, and apically with a conspicuous hyaline knob or blob, Genita] discs

3 pairs; in the male without any specialized setae.

Nymph. Generally as in adult, but with the characteristic genital and

palpal differences. Length 6002; width across propodosoma 320, across hystero-

soma 380 (Walch gives 456y, 2642 and 276p respectively. Radford gives no

344 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

values). Crista 106» long (Walch 74p; Radford 102») ; width between sensillae

bases 452 (Walch 334; Radford 5lyz). Tarsi I 106% long by 63p high; meta-

tarsi I 66 long (Waleh gives ratio of length to height of tarsi [ as 2°2, and

of length of tarsi I to metatarsi I 1:60; Radford gives no values). Posterior

dorsal setae as in adult, to 45h long (Waleh gives 56, Radford no value).

Palpal tibia with only 2 accessory spines at base of claw. Genital discs 2 pairs.

Remarks. The peculiar tip to the dorsal setae is also characteristic of

pallida Nagayo et al.; and of N. clawicata André. The first of these species,

however, differs in the dorsal setae being thinner and longer, while N, clavi-

cata André is a French species. Leptotrombidiiwn akamushi which in the larval

stage is closely allied to deliensis is, however, very distinct in the adult, in the

form of the dorsal setae.

TRomBICULA (LerTorRoMEmiIuM) PaLLiDa (Nagayo ef al. 1919),

Trombicula pallida Nagayo et al. 1919, Verdhl. d. jap. pathol, Gesellsch.,

Tokyo, 9, 107; idem 1921, Amer. J. Hyg., 1, (5-6), 569; Womersley and

Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 67, (1), 98; Sig Thor and Willmann,

1947, Das Tierreich, Lifg. 71b, 349.

Plate 90, fig. N-S.

Nagayo ef al. (1921) claimed to have reared this species through from

larvae to adult and to have recognized the adults captured in the field. ‘They

were unable, however, to find specific differences between the adults and nymphs

of this species, and those of ehamushi, palpalis, and scutellaris, except that in

pallida the minute setules on the basal part of the sensillae were much longer

and more prominent than in the other species, and that the nymphs and adults

of akamushi were much lighter in colour,

I have before me a preparation from Prof. Dr, Takenouchi containing an

adult caught in the field in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, in July, 1920, and

stated im his letter to be ‘probably 7. pallida’*. In addition I have two slides

of specimens, collected also in Yamagata Prefecture, by Col. C. B. Philip, which

agree with that from Takenouchi, All three specimens have the posterior

dorsal setae much longer than in deliensis, and these setae have the similar

hyaline terminal knob, a feature not observed by Nagayo and his colleagues.

A re-deseription drawn up from these specimens is as follows:

Facies generally as in Trombicula, with the prominent. constriction between

eoxae Il and IE. Colour reddish. Length 1,000-1,200,; width across propodo-

soma 490-610, across hysterosoma 613-800p. Crista linear 151p long, with

sensillae shortly barbed basally, rather longer barbs or cilia distally, 121p long,

and their bases 51 apart. Palpi stout; tibia with 3 accessory spines at base of

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 345

claw. Chelicerue finely serrate on inner margin. Epistome transverse rec-

tangular, anterior margin straight or slightly concave, denticulate, with 1

viliated seta. Legs: I 700% long, IL 420-500u, ITI 460-510n, IV 530-600,;

tarsi I 196p long by 942 high, metatarsi 1 118, long. Sternum about as wide

as long, longitudimally divided, by the junction of precoxal plates of leg I.

Dorsal setae gradually increasing posteriorly to 90» long, slender and parallel

sided with strong setules and an apical hyaline knob or swelling. Genital

dises 3 pairs. Male unknown.

TrROMBICULA (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) AKAMUSHI (Brumpt 1910).

Trombidium akamushi Brumpt 1910, Précis de Parasit., 2nd. ed., 506 (larva).

For further larval synonymy see Larval Section,

Leptotrombidium akamushi, Nagayo ef al. 1917, J. Exper. Med., 25, (2), 255.

Leptus akamushi, Miyajima and Okumura 1918, Kitasato Archiv. Exper, Med.,

1, (1), 1-14.

Trombicula akamusht Nagayo et al. 1921, Amer. J. Hyg., 1, (5, 6), 588; Hatori

1919, Ann. Trop, Med. Parasit., 13, (3), 233; Kawamura and Yamaguchi

1921, Kitasato Archiy. Exper. Med, 4, 169; Walch 1923 (1924), Tr, Vth.

Bien. Congr. Far Hast. Assoc. Trop. Med., Singapore; Womersley and

Heaslip 1948, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Austr, 67, (1), 84; Sig Thor and Willmann

1947, Das Tierreich, Lig. 71b.

Trombicula. coarctata, Kitashima and Miyajima 1918, Kitasato Archiv. Exper.

Med., 2, 190-191, pl, 8, fig. 1 (mon Berlese 1912); Ewing 1920, Ann,

Entom, Soc, Amer., 13, 111 (non Berlese 1912); idem 1933, Proe. U.S.

Nat. Mus., 82, 2 (non. Berl. 1912).

Plate 90, fig. HM,

This species, the larvae of which are the proved vectors of the tsutsuga-

mushi fever of Japan and the Pacific area, is probably the best known and best

figured of the Trombiculidae.

Although there has been much confusion amongst authors as to what is the

true adult of akamushi, the studies of Nagayo and his colleagues, of Walch, and

particularly of Miyajima and Okumura have given very excellent descriptions

and figures.

From the above literature the life cyele of this species is generally fairly

well established, and is discussed elsewhere in this paper.

Nagayo et al., however, in 1921, reported the rearing of nymphs and

adults of three other closely related species of larvae, viz, pallida, palpalis, and

346 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

scutellaris, but they were unable to distinguish the nymphs and adults on satis-

factory morphological characters, except that in pallida the pigment coloura-

tion was deeper and the minute barbs on the basal part of the sensillae were

distinctly longer than in the other species, They did, however, separate them

ou the seasonal occurrence of the larvae.

In the present paper it has already been shown that pallida can be

separated from the other above mentioned species on the structure of the dorsal

setae. Of palpalis and scutellaris I have not seen any adults or nymphs, and

cannot separate these for the present.

Of atithentic material of akamushi I have a preparation of 4 adults from

Kawamura and collected in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. In addition I have

been able to study 6 nymphs reared in New Guinea by Maj. G. M, Kohls from

larvae identified as 7’. fletcheri Wom. and Heasp. 1943, a species now regarded

as synonymous with akamushi Brumpt. Three of these nymphs were from

larvae on a quail, Dobodura, N.@., June, 1944 (No. 276, G.M.K,) and three

from larvae on a rat, New Guinea 1944 (No, 156, G.M.K.).

Apart from the usual differences found between nymphs and adults these

nymphs do not differ from the Japanese adults, thus supporting the synonymy

of flefcheri with akamushi. The following description and figures are from

these specimens:

Re-description of Adult. Of typical Trombicula facies, with usual median

constriction, Colour in lite light to pale yellowish. Length to 1,000%; width

across propodosoma to 4904, across hysterosoma to 5354, Crista linear, 165y

long, with subposterior sensillary area with paired filamentous sensillae, 150.

long, with minute barbs basally and longer ciliations distally; sensillae bases

to 652 apart. Epistome transverse rectangular with anterior edge slightly

concave medially and with fine denticles. Eyes absent. Palpi stout; tibia with

3 accessory spines at base of claw and a fourth midway between base of claw

and articulation of palpal tarsus. Chelicerae with inner edge finely serrated.

Legs all shorter than body; tarsi IT 205p by 90,2 high (Hatori 180.2% 70z);

metatarsi I 136» long. Sternum distinct, about as wide as long, divided longi-

tudinally by the junction of the precoxal plates of leg I. Dorsal setae uniformly

thick, 35 to 45p long posteriorly, ciliated to tip. Genital dises 3 pairs. Male

unknown. ,

Re-description of Nymph, As in the adult except for nymphal character-

isties. Crista 104, long; sensillae 120, long, their bases 44 apart. Tarsi I 100.

long by 584 high, metatarsi I 634 long. Dorsal setae as in adult, 20 to 45u

long.

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 347

TromBicuLa (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) MYZANTHA sp. n.

Plate 91, fig. A-G.

This species is known trom both laryae and nymphs. These nymphs,

reared from larvae from various birds (see hosts in Larval Section) by Mr.

D, A. Gill from Yerongpilly, Queensland, 18th Dec., 1944, and two others from

the same locality, 5th April, 1945,

The species is separated from all other known adults or nymphs on the

peculiar anterior and posterior dorsal setae, as given in the key.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies, with median con-

striction between second and third pairs of legs. Colour in life red. Length

1,066, to 1,330” (aver. of 5 specimens, 1,225); width across. propodosoma 60y

to 8002 (aver. 718), across hysterosoma, 640, to 860y (aver. 7962). Crista

typical of the genus, 190n to 212» long (aver, 199.2), with subposterior sensil-

lary area, with paired filamentous sensillae, 120. long, with minute barbs

basally and short ciliations distally; sensillae bases 45. apart. Eyes absent.

Chelicerae finely serrated on inner edge. Palpi rather slender; tibia with

2 accessory spines at base of claw. Epistome transverse rectangular, anterior

margin denticulate, with 1 ciliated seta. Legs all shorter than body, I 750, to

860. long (aver. 796n), I 470p to 560% (aver. 502), ITT 490 to 570n (aver.

523), IV 530u to 660, (aver. 593.2); tarsi I fairly elongate, widest basad of

middle, 197 to 220% (aver. 2124) long by 82» to 90% (aver. 88.) high, meta-

tarsi I 121p to 136e (aver, 1281) long: Sternum about as wide as long, with

median longitudinal bar at the junction of the precoxal plates of leg I. Dorsal

setae of two forms, anteriorly to 30» long, somewhat clavate, becoming more

slender and longer posteriorly to 110», and terminating in a distinct sigma-

shaped spinule, not clavate; all setae with short ciliations,

Tromaicuna (LeprorroMBiprum) FULLERL (Ewing, 1945).

Trombioula fullert Ewing 1945, Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, 47, (3), 46.

Plate 92, fig. FJ.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombiewla facies. Length 710;

width across propodosoma 383,, across hysterosoma 454, Crista with triangu-

lar sensillary area and dumb-bell shaped areola, 128. long, sensillae filamentous,

barbed. basally, and with short ciliations distally, to 120% long, and bases 57p

apart. Chelicerae finely serrated on inner margin. Palpi stout, tibia with

simple claw and 2 stont spines at base of claw. Eyes absent. Legs: I longer

and stronger than the rest 497, IT 312u, ITI 312», TV 383p; tarsi I 130, long

348 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

by 80. high, metatarsi I 105p long. Body setae fairly long and strongly

ciliated, posteriorly to 60-80, long and apically with a small spathulation.

Remarks. This species is described from eight nymphs reared from larvae

from Imphal 1945, by K. L. Cockings, the larval pelts being correlated with the

larval description.

TromBicuLa (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) LONGISETA sp. n.

Plate 92, fig. A~E.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Length to 715m;

width across propodosoma 390y, across hysterosoma 455z. Crista elongate, to

122, with subposterior sensillary area, furnished with paired sensillae to 98»

with short barbs on basal half and eiliations distally; sensillae bases 53, apart.

Epistome not discernible, epistomal seta to 28. long. Chelicerae finely serrate

on dorsal edge, Hyes absent. Palpi stout, with two accessory spines at base

of claw. Legs: I stronger than rest and to 585y, If 390p, III 8390p, IV 455p;

tarsi I slightly less than twice as long as high, 136. by 77p, metatarsi I 80

long: Leg I with distinct precoxal plates forming a longitudinally divided

sternum. Dorsal setae anteriorly ciliated and tapering, from 25, long, length-

ening posteriorly to 60-80, long; the posterior setae apically with a thivkened

tip as in fig. E. Genitalia with paired dises,

Remarks. The nymph of this species is described from two specimens

reared from larvae from Imphal, Burma, No, 169, 16 Aug., 1945, and No. 289,

28 Aug., 1945, by Mr. K. Li. Cockings, and the identification checked with,

the larval pelts.

In the larva, the species is closely related to deliensis, differing in the

excessively long PL bat in the nymph, it comes nearer to fulleré,

TROMBICULA (LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) BURMENSIS (Ewing 1945).

Trombicula burmensis Ewing 1945 (as larvae), Proc. Entom. Soc, Washington,

47, (3), 64.

Plate 91, fig. H-L.

Descriptian of Nymph, Of typical Trombicula facies. Length 710»; width

across propodosoma 420, across hysterosoma 560». Crista with diamond-

shaped sensillary area and dumb-bell shaped areola; to 112, long; sensillae fila-

mentous, barbed basally, shortly ciliated distally, to 110» long, and their bases

564 apart. Hyes absent. Palpal tibia with simple claw and two strong blunt

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS. MITES 349

spines at base of claw. Legs: I longer and stronger than rest, to 500,» long,

IT 812u, III 350p, IV 448; coxae I with distinct precoxal plates forming a

longitudinally divided sternum; tarsi 1 1284 long by 80, wide; metatarsi I 78»

long. Dorsal setae fairly uniform, strongly ciliated, apically with spathulate

tip, posteriorly the setae reach to 56% in length.

Remarks. This nymphal description is drawn up from 3 nymphs reared

from larvae from Imphal, India, by K. L. Cockings, the recovered pelts being

correlated, and their identification as larvae checked. Ag with all the species

of Trombieula, specifie separation of the nymphs or adults is extremely difficult

and unsatisfactory. The key given above is only an attempt to separate the

speeies.

Subgenus NEOTROMBICULA Hirst 1926.

Ann. Applied Biol., 138, 140-143, Genotype Acarus autumnalis Shaw 1790.

Hirst raised this subgenus in 1926 for the nymph of Trombicula autumn-

als (Shaw 1790), on apparently slight but rather poorly specified differences

from typical Trombicula as in akamushi Brumpt. These differences were

mainly the more elongate form, and the absence of eyes,

It is now possible to more precisely define the genus, as below, and to in--

elude a number of other species.

Diagnosis of Genus. Rather more elongate but typical of Trombicula with

the median constriction between legs II and III. Crista linear, with roughly

diamond-shaped or rounded sensillary area furnished with two filamentous sen-

sillae. Hpistome rounded or subtriangular with fine teeth or denticles and 1

ciliated seta. Byes absent. Palpi rather slender; tibia with 3 accessory spines

at base of claw (2 in nymph) and a fourth between base of claw and articula-

tion of palpal tarsus; occasionally palpal tibia also with pectine. Chelicerae

with inner edge serrated. Legs shorter than body, Sternum entire, about as

wide as long, undivided; no precoxal plates evident. Dorsal setae various.

Genital aperture with 3 pairs of discs in adult (2 im nymph).

Key to Known Adult and/or Nymphai Species.

1, Palpal tibia with pectine, in addition to the 3 accessory spines at base

of claw. Posterior dorsal setae spathulate apically, to 40y long, cili-

ated, Trombicula (N.) scincoides (Wom. 1944).

No such pectine on palpal tibia .. bre a¥ is it ta 2

2. Sensillae nude 33 3; 34 og — =r _ 3

Sensillae: ciliated, at least distally so = tt ~- oi 5

350

10,

11.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

. Posterior dorsal setae to ca. 40% long .. 4

Posterior dorsal setae to 1104 long, with few long cntitanding setules,

Front tarsi twice as long as high.

Trombicula (N.) inepinatum (Ouds, 1909),

. Posterior dorsal setae clavate or spathulate apically in dorsal view,

eiliated to tip, to 302 long. Tarsi of leg I nearly 3 times as long as

high. Trombicula (N.) rara (Walch 1924).

Posterior dorsal setae normal, to 36% long. Tarsi of leg I not quite

twice as long as high. Trombicula (N.) hastata (Gater 1932).

Dorsal setae with a prominent apical trilobed knob, stem with strong

setiiles. Trombicula (N.) jayeutickYemei sp. n.

Dorsal setae otherwise a. ai: eo > ; M ve 6

. Posterior dorsal setae long and slender, to 350», ciliated, apical fifth

spine-like, but with a few subterminal fibrillae.

Trombicula (N.) canestrinti (Buffa 1899).

Posterior dorsal setae otherwise .. hs is oe 9 4 7

Dorsal setae parallel sided, terminating in a hyaline knob, from 22»

long anteriorly to 70 long posteriorly. Sensillae fine and slender

with short ciliations. Trombicula (N.) clavicata André 1932.

Dorsal setae notso .. vie . is vt “> SS a4 8

. Front tarsi at least 5 times as long as high... eat ys fe 9

Front tarst not more than 34 times as long as high .. af .. 10

. Front tarsi ca, 5 times as long as high. Dorsal setae 40-50» long

anteriorly, 110n posteriorly. Trombicula (N.) formicarum (Berl. 1910).

Front tarsi ca. 8 times as long as high. Epistome with occasionally 2

setae, Dorsal setae long and slender, to 250,, with eiliations. Palpal

tibia with 4 {#) accessory spines at base of claw.

Trombicula (N.) camilla (Wharton 1938)

Sensillae rather thick for whole length, with short, ciliations on entire

length. A pair of long ciliated specialized setae in front of sensillary

area. Dorgal setae of two sizes, anteriorly mainly 14. long, pos-

teriorly 40p. Trombicula (N.) spicea (Garter 1932).

Sensillae much more filamentous. No such nppalalbeit setae in front

of sensillary area .... rs 4 2 a : 11

Dorsal setae of about equal length throughout, 62-65». Colour im life

light yellow to white (after Vitzthum).

Trombicula (N.) russica (Ouds. 1982).

Dorsal setae much longer posteriorly than anteriorly . . ote ra Ae

Posterior dorsal setae to 40-45, long .. - te : - IA

Posterior dorsal setae to ca. 100u long .. ts - vr: . 25

Posterior dorsa)] setae 30-35, long as Bis ey ¥. -. 16

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 351

13. Posterior dorsal setae to 45. long, with parallel sides and at the

tip expanded into an oval hyaline knob, furnished with setules. The

longer setae also interspersed as well as posterior. Tarsi I ca. twice

as long as high, metatarsi I 3-5ths length of tarsi.

Trombicula (N.) fordi sp. a.

Posterior dorsal setae to 4046 apically Pointed with Satetandes

setules ta ’ ' ‘ 14

Posterior dorsal setae to 35, long a 7 ch =. 16

14, Tarsi T half as long again as metatarsi, and twice as long as high.

Trombicula (N.) sarcina (Wom. 1944),

Tarsi I only slightly longer than metatarsi.

Trombicula (N,) sp. n. (Cooreman in litt.)

15, Front tarsi ca. 3-3 times as long as high. Sensillae with only about

3 distal cilia, nude basally. Dorsal setae 45,, anteriorly increasing

gradually to 97 posteriorly. Trombicula (N.) moesica. (André 1932).

Front tarsi 2-5 times as long as high. Sensillae minutely barbed

basally, and with 10-12 branches distally. Dorsal setae 30p anteriorly,

increasing to 110 posteriorly.

Trombicula (N.) autumnalis (Shaw 1790).

16, Posterior dorsal setae to 30h long, tapering with outstanding cilia-

tions. Tarsi I ovoid, half as long again as high, and almost twice as

long as metatarsi I. Trombicula (N.) consueta sp. n.

Posterior dorsal setae to 34p long, parallel sided almost to tip. Tarsi

T twice as long as high and as long as metatarsi I.

Trombicula (N.) harrisoni sp. n.

N.B.—The following four species, although doubtless to be placed in the

subgenus Neotrombicula cannot be satisfactorily keyed on the data available

in the original descriptions, and I have not been able to examine material;

they are coorctata (Berl.), cavernarum (Ewing), manriquei (Ewing) and

goldu. (Ouds.).

TROMBICULA (NEOTROMBICULA) scINcoIpES (Womersley 1944),

Trombicula scincoides Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8S, Austr, 68, (1}, 84

(larvae).

Plate 93, fig. A-F.

Originally only known from the larvae.. I have since received from Maj.

G. M. Kohls four nymphs which he was. suecessful in rearing from fully

engorged larvae, identified as this species, from a lizard from Dobodura, New

Guinea, March Ist, 1944.

352 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MusEUM

In addition from amongst a lot of miscellaneous acarina collected from soil

near the 2/8 A.G.H., New Guinea, in April, 1944, were 3 adults and 1 nymph

which can be referred to the same species as the reared nymphs, The descrip-

tions of the nymphs and adults are as follows:

Adult. Of typical Trombicula facies, Colour im life red. Length to

1:125 mm.; width across propodosoma 0-825 mm,; across hysterosoma 0-9 mm.

Palpi fairly stout, with a long and strong tibial claw, at the base of which are 3

strong blunt accessory spines; on the palpal tibia on the inner surface also

is a pectine of from 7 to 9 strong spines; palpal tarsus. elongate and reaching

beyond tip of tibial claw. Chelicerae stont with about a dozen backwardly

directed inner teeth. Crista elongate, linear, 227p, long, bifurcate apically

and with a subposterior diamond-shaped sensillary area; sensillary area. with

a more or less dumb-bell shaped areola on which the sensillae bases are

63 apart; ratio of SB (distance between sensillae bases) and entire length

(including sensillary area) of crista = 3-6. Sensillae 180, long, filamentous,

ciliated distally. Bpistome rounded, conical, with fine denticulations and 1

ciliated seta, Eyes absent. Legs all shorter than body; I much thicker and

stonter than others, 975p long, II 600,, IIT 675p, TV 870«; tarsi I 2138, to 239,

long (aver, of 3 = 227) by 109 to 121 (aver, 1154) high, giving ratio of

3°6:1-0; metatarsi I 167 to 174 long (aver. 115.), giving a ratio of length

of tarsi to metatarsi of 1-35:1°0. Sternum entire; no precoxal plates on leg I.

Dorsal setae moderately thick-stemmed, increasing in length posteriorly from

24p to 40u, rather strongly curved and apically broadened or spathulate, with

strong ciliations, Genital discs 3 pairs. In male sex, on each side of genital

aperture with 3 nude strong curved spines, and a pair of large expanded and

fringed titillating setae.

Nymph, Similar to adult except for nymphal characteristics and smaller

size, Length to 0-83 mm., width across propodosoma 0:525 mm., across

hysterosoma 0-62 mm. Wyes absent. Chelicerae and palpj.as in adult but only

two accessory spines at base of palpal tibial claw and 3 spines in the pectine of

palpal tibia. Crista 150, long, sensillae 140». long with bases 45, apart; ratio

of length of crista to SB = 3'3:1-0. Legs as in adult, I 675, I 450p,

Ill 450p, IV 5380p long; tarsi I 147 long by 83» high (aver. of 4 specimens),

giving a ratio of 1-77:1-0; metatarsi I 117 long, ratio of length of tarsi to

metatarsi = 1-26:1+0. Sternum as in adult. Dorsal setae as in adult, vary-

ing from 20p anteriorly to 35» long posteriorly.

Remarks. This is rather a characteristic species and can be fairly readily

recognized by the pectine on the palpal tibia and the structure of the dorsal

setae,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 353

TRoMBICULA (NEOTROMBICULA) INOPINATUM (Ouds. 1909),

As larvae.

1893. Trombidium gymnopterorum Berlese, Order Prostigmata, 93, tab, 18,

fig. 2, 3; tab. 15 (non Linné).

1903. May 14th. Thrombidium gymnopterorum, Ouds., Tijdsch. vy, Entom.,

45, 143.

1903. July 17. Thrombidium gymnopterorum Ouds., tbid., 46, 5.

1904. March 14. Thrombidium gymnopterorum, Ouds. and Heim, in CR.

Acad. Sci. Paris, 1.

1909, May 28. Thrombidium inopinatum Ouds., Tijds. v, Entom., 52, 43,

tab, 87-40,

1909. May 29. Thrombidium meridionale Onds., Ibid., 52, 45.

1909. July 31, (Seance 17 July). Trom. gymnopterorum (fuliginosum) et

Allotrombidium. gymnopterorum (fuliginosum) Bruyant, CR. Soc. Biol.

Paris, 67, 207.

1909. July 381 ? (Seance 17 July). Trombidium inopinatum, Bruyant, ibid.,

67, 208.

1909. Aug. 7 ? (Seance 24 July). Trombidiwm (Heterotrombidium) inopina-

tum Verdun, ibid., 67, 246.

1909. Aug. 7 ? (Seance 24 July). Lrombidium (Heterotrombidium) meri-

dionale Verdun, ibid., 67, 246,

1909. Nov. 1. Microthrombidium inopnatum Ouds. Entom. Ber., 3, (50),

17, 20.

1909. Noy.1. Micrathrombidium meridionale, Ouds. ibid., 3, (50), 21.

1910. Jan. 18. Microtrombidium pusillum Bruyant, Zool, Anz., 35, (11), 351,

1912, Microtrambidium pusillum, Ouds, Zool, Jahrb. Suppl., 14, 31,

1912. Acarus autumnalis, Ouds., ibid., Suppl, 14, 31,

As nymph.

1913. Microtrombidium autwmnalis, Ouds, Arch. Nature., 79A, 127 (Publ.

20/3/1914).

Plate 98, fig. H-M.

The status of this species has by most acarologists been accepted as synony-

mous with autumnalis Shaw, chiefly on the opinions expressed on several occa-

sions by Oudemans himself, that the larvae described by him as tnopinatum

and as meridionale, the gymnopterorum Berlese (non Linne), were the same

species as Shaw’s.

354 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

In addition to the original description and figures of the larvae of this

species (Tijds. v. Entom., 52, 48, taf. 7, fig. 37-40) I have a photostat copy of

Oudemans’ original drawings, No. 1,104, in the Leiden Museum, kindly given

to me by Miss A. M. Buitendijk.

In the figures as published the galeal setae are not shown, but in the origi-

nal they appear to be shown as ciliated. Oudemans states that the palpal claw

is trifurcate, and that the setae on the palpal femur and genu are branched,

but on the tibia only the ventral is branched. The posterior margin is angular

with the side portions initially from PL slightly concave, thus the scutum js

pentagonal. AM scutal seta reaches to just beyond the apex of the posterior

seutal margin, and. the sensillae bases are in the posterior haif of the scutum

and slightly behind line of PL. Oudemans quotes the dorsal setae as 8.8.6.6.4.4,

but the modern reading of these, and as shown in his figures are 2.8.6.6.6.4.4 —

36, The ventral setae are, posterior of coxae IIT, 10.8,8.8.62—= 42. Tarsi of

leg IIT bear a long nude seta.

These details agree with those British specimens which Richards (Parasitol.

1950, 40, (192), 105, 118) recently placed as his group [ of autwmnalis with

the same characters (see under autummalis). It seems probable there-

fore that Oudemans’ tnopinaitum ig a good species, and that Richards’ speci-

mens of his ‘‘first group’’ are the same, This is further supported

by the fact that the nymph reared by Bruyant from the larvae diagnosed

by him as inopinatum, but which Oudemans later regarded as autumnalis

(pusillum), differs in a number of important points from the nymphs and

adults of autwmnolis as described very fully by recent workers, André, Rich-

ards, ete., and as observed and figured in this paper by myself.

From Oudemans’ description and figures the essential features by which

the nymph of inopinotum differs from autumnalis are;

The sensillary setae are nude and not ciliated. The front tarsi are only

slightly longer than the metatarsi, 137. and 123, (in autumnalis, 180, and

145.) ; the front tarsi are ca. twice as long as high (2% times in awtumnabis).

The dorsal setae are gradually increasing in size to 1104 posteriorly in both

species, but in inopinatum they have fewer and longer, more outstanding,

setules.

This species therefore appears to be valid, and oceurs in Europe asso-

ciated with the common ‘‘harvest mite’’ NV. autumnalis Shaw. In the absence of

eyes it will fall into Hirst’s Neotrombicula,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 355

TromMBicuLA (NEOTROMBICULA) RARA (Walch 1924).

Trombicula rara Walch 1924, Tr, Vth. Bien, Cong, Far East, Assoc. Trop.

Med., (Singapore 1923); Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc.

8. Austr., 67, (1), 90; Sig Thor and Willmaun 1947, Das Tierreich, Lfg.

- 71b, 283 (as larvae).

Plate 93, fig. GL.

The nymphs of the species have been reared in some numbers by K. L.

Cockings at Kuala Lumpur, from larvae from a pill-millipede, Oniscomorpha

Sp.

The following description is from a number of these nymphs kindly for-

warded to me for study and description by Dr. J. R, Audy.

Nymph. Of typical Trombiculm facies. Colour in life pale and yellowish

(Andy states in litt. that some, reared from larvae from a skink and one on

two from rats were dark red). Length to 975y; width across propodosoma 520p,

across hysterosoma 650u. Legs I 710u long and stronger than the rest, II 410,,

III 455, [IV 585. Crista elongate, to 2024 long (including epistome 31,)

with subposterior sensillary area furnished with a pair of very long, 154, fine

filamentous, and apparently nude sensillae; epistome triangular or conical with

dentate margin and setae to 42y long. Eyes absent. Chelicerae 103 long, and

slender, indistinctly finely serrate on inner margin. Palpi normal, tibia with

2 accessory strong spines at base of claw. Tarsi of leg I 175, long by 65,

high (ratio = 1-7:1-0), metatarsi I 117p long (ratio length tarsi I to meta-

tarsi 1—1:5:1-0). Dorsal setae on propodosoma, short 20, tapering with

pectinations, on hysterosoma rather longer, and posteriorly curved apically and

spathulate or clavate in dorsal view (in side view showing a thickening only),

to 304 long. Genitalia with 2 pairs of dises. No precoxal plates on tarsi I.

Remarks, As given in the key this species can be distinguished by the

nude sensillae and spathulate posterior dorsal setae.

This species has also been reared by officers of the U.S.S.T.C. and a

specimen or specimens of nymphs are in the collection of the Army Medical

School at Washington.

TrompicuLA (NgorromBicuLa) HAstara (Gater 1932).

Trombicula hastata Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24,

Neoschongastia hastata, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr.,

67, (1), 110, (as larvae).

356 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Plate 94, fig. A-D.

Description of Nymph, O£ typical Trombicula facies, Colour in life %.

Length to 5202, width across propodosoma 312,, across hysterosoma 364y.

Crista linear, 98» long, with subposterior diamond-shaped areola; sensillae

long, to 103., apparently nude to tip, bases 36» apart; epistome not seen. Eyes

absent. Chelicerae with fine serrations on dorsal edge. Palpi fairly elongate,

tibia with single claw and two strong accessory spines near base. Lega: I 450,

long and stronger than the others, II 3800p, ITI 312p, IV 3644; precoxal plates

absent; tarsus I 112, long by 64-4, high, metatarsus I 75-6 long; claws nor-

mal. Dorsal setae to 36y long, fairly thick with strong outstanding setules, not

greatly tapering. Genital discs 2+ 2.

Loc. Reared by Dr. Audy and his colleagues from larvae ou Rattus

sobanus and R. whiteheadi from Kepong Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, March

1950.

Remarks, The nymphs are only separated from those of other species on

rather intangible characters as given in the key.

TROMBICULA (NEOTROMBICULA) JAYEWICKREMEI gp. 0.

Plate 94, fig. E-K,

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Colour in spirit

white. Length (newly emerged) to 7804; width across propodosoma to 390y,

across hysterosoma 450. Crista linea, 140% long, with diamond or oval-shaped

sensillary area with dumb-bel! shaped areola; sensillae filamentous, ca. 100,

long, with minute barbs on basal half, and a few long ciliations distally; seu-

sillae bases 392 apart. Eyes absent. Chelicerae with inner edge finely serrated

Palpi slender; tibia with 2 strong spines at base of simple claw. Epistome rect-

angular with denticulate anterior margin concave medially, and 1 ciliated seta.

Legs I 590 long and stronger than rest, II 375p, IIT 325y, IV 4224; tarsi I

tapering, 118» long by 42, high, metatarsi I 62. long. Sternum entire, precoxal

plates not evident. Dorsal setae uniform, on hysterosoma to 30, long on elon-

gate peduncles situated in well defined pits; the setae terminate in a three-lobed

club as figured, which is in side view about 3 times as wide as the stem; the

stem ¢arries strong setules which are longest around base of club; on the

propodosoma the setae are slightly shorter, and merely thickened at the apex;

not elubbed.

358 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

TrompBicuLa (Nrorromsicuua) cuAvicara (André 1937).

Thrombicula clavicata André 1937, Bull. Mus, Nat. Hist., Nat., 2nd. Ser., 9,

(5), 316,

Plate 95, fig. A~E.

This species was described from a single adult collected in the rotten

stump of a vine by Dr. F. Grandjean at Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, May, 1935-

The following description is abridged from that of André:

Adult. Colour white, with the general facies of Trombicula. Length

1,0202, width 640% on propodosoma, 600. on hysterosoma. Crista 227» long,

linear, with rounded subposterior sensillary area, with paired filamentous sen-

sillae which have minute barbs proximally and somewhat longer ones distally.

Hpistome rectangular with fine denticles and I short seta. Eyes absent. Palpi

slender; tibia with 3 accessory spines at base of claw and a fourth more basad.

Legs all shorter than body; I 850» long, tarsi almost three times (2-8) as long

as high, 210» by 754; metatarsi I 140, long. Body furnished with dense setae

which are ciliated and apically terminated in a hyaline knob; length of dorsal

setae varying from 22y anteriorly to 70p posteriorly. Genitalia with 3 pairs

of discs.

Remarks. Through the great kindness of Dr. Mare André, I have been

privileged to examine the type of clavicata, and ean add the following data.

The crista to the base of the epistome measures 195y in length. The sensillae

are 130, long, ciliated for their whole length, with the ciliations basally very

short but lengthening distally. The sensillae bases are 354 apart. The sternum

is entire, and there are no precoxal plates evident,

The figures here given are after André, but redrawn from the type.

TrompicuLa (NEoTROMBICULA) FORMICARUM (Berlese 1910).

Trombicula formicarum Berlese 1910, Redia, 6, (2), 369; 1dem 1912, Redia, 8,

(1), 90; André 1931, Archiv. Zool, Ital., 16, 1,358; idem 1932, Assoc.

France Adv. Sci,, Brussels, 273; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tier-

reich, Lfg., 71b,

Plate 95, fig. H—J.

This little known species has been recorded from Holland (Wasmann),

Bavaria (Kneissl) and France (André), It was originally described from

Holland from the nest of an ant Lasius miztus.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 357

Remarks. The above description is from 10 nymphs reared from larvae

from Ratius rattus kandiyanus from Nalanda, Ceylon, (Sept., 1944), and a

nymph from larvae from the same host, from Embilipitiya, Ceylon (Nov.,

1944). The nymphs were reared by Mr. 8, H. Jayewickreme, after whom the

species is named.

The nymph is remarkable for the form of the dorsal setae,

TroMBIcuLA (NeorromBIcuLA) cANESTRINIT (Buffa 1899),

Trombidium canestrimi Bufia 1899, Atti Soc. Veneta Trent di Sci. Nat.

Trombicula canestrinii, Berl, 1912, Redia, 8, (1), 88; Sig Thor and Willmann,

Das Tierreich, Lfg. 71h.

Thrombicula canestruut André 1931, Arch. Zool. Ital., 1,358; 1932, Assoc.

Frane, Adv. Se., Brussels, 273.

Plate 94, fig. L-R.

This species was redescribed by Berlese (1912) from four specimens from

the type locality, Cansiglio, Italy. This locality was alpine at an altitude of

1,000 metres. I am indebted to Dr. Mare André for a certain amount of

undetermined material amongst which were three specimens which can be

with certainty assigned to Buffa’s species. One specimen was collected by

Dr, F, Grandjean from moss at Vallombrosa, near Florence, Italy, May, 19384,

and the other two by Dr. André from moss and vegetable debris at Mangaillard,

France, 16th June, 1939. The following re-deseription is drawn up from

Berlese’s and my own observations on the above fresh material.

Adult. Colour white to light rose. Of typical Trombicula facies. Length

to 1,350u, width to 700p. Crista 292, long, linear with roughly diamond-shaped

sensillary area and paired sensillae, 150 long, with distal ciliations and their

bases 97 apart. Epistome conical but rather flattened and with fine denticula-

tions and 1 eiliated seta, Byes absent. Chelicerae with finely serrate inner

edge. Palpi relatively slender; tibia with 3 accessory spines at base of claw

and a fourth midway towards articulation of palpal tarsus. Sternum entire,

as. long as broad; no precoxal plates evident. Legs all shorter than body;

tarsi I 3 times as long as high (3-5 Berlese), 3122 by 110y, metatarsi I 260»

long. Dorsal setae long and slender with long ciliations, but not extending to

tip; posterior setae to 350, with apical fifth or sixth spine-like, generally nude,

but frequently with apical and subapical fibrils. Genital organ with 3 pairs of

discs.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 359

No re-descriptions, since Berlese 1912, have apparently been published and

the following details are from Berlese’s work -

Adult. Colour white. Length 1,900,, width 1,000%. yes absent or

vestigial. Palpi slender, tibia with 3 accessory spines at base of claw. Tarsi

of leg I nearly 5 times longer than wide, 470» by 100y, metatarsi 360, Jong.

Dorsal setae with moderately short setae to the tip; from 40 to 50, long anter-

ijorly, increasing to 110, posteriorly,

TROMBICULA (NEOTROMBIGULA) GAmMmLUA (Wharton 1938),

Trombicula camilla Wharton, 1938. Fauna of the Caves of Yucatan, X, Aca-

rina. Carnegie Inst. of Washington, No. 491, p, 141, fig. 1-2.

Plate 96, fig. ALF.

This species is remarkable for the very long front legs with their elongate

tarsi, In the figures given here, those of Wharton 1938 have been reproduced

with the addition of figures of the epistome, front tarsi and metatarsi and a

dorsal seta, which have been recently supplied by Dr. Wharton, In the figure

of the epistome from the specimens in Wharton’s collection, two epistomal

setae are shown. In a recent letter, however, Dr. Wharton informs me that

in the type in the U.S.N.M., only one epistomal seta is present. Occasionally

such an aberration oceurs in other adult species of Trombiculidae but here the

epistome itself is hyaline, and denticulate as in the Trombiculidac, and not as

in the Leenwenhoekiidae, where two epistomal setae are characteristic.

The deseription as given by Wharton, with additional data is as follows:

“Adult. Large size, length 3-5 mm., width 2:2 mm. Palpi extend to the

third segment of the first pair of legs; palpal claw strong, half as long as the

penultimate segment which bears it; accessory spines four, curved, subequal,

forming a comb; palpal thumb not swollen. Chelicerae slender; chelae short

and slender, extending beyond second joints of palpi, Crista rod-like expanded

at anterior end and fringed ag a rounded conical denticulate membrane, and

with one seta (occasionally tuto); expanded at posterior end into a diamond-

shaped pseudostigmatic area behind which it. ends in two strongly diverging

lateral arms. Pseudostigmata small, situated at lateral angles of pseudostig-

matic area; pseudostigmatic organs long and setiform and nude. Eyes absent.

Abdomen 2-5 mm, long; 2:2 mm. wide; setae moderate, barbed, posteriorly to

260u. Genital opening 0-5 mm. long, anterior end between hind coxae. Genital

armature consists of a spathulate plate smaller than the geultal opening with a

360 ReEcorDs of THE S.A. MUSEUM

small shovel-shaped plate at base, Anal opening 0:2 mm. long, 0-2 mm. behind

the posterior edge of the genital plate. Anterior legs slightly longer than

posterior, about 2-5 mm. long; front tarsi elongate, ca. 84 times as long as

wide, ca. 950 by 1104, metatarsi 700u. Tarsal claws simple, those on first leg

small and subequal, those of the other legs larger and unequal.’’

Type loc. Oxolodt Cave, Yucatan. |

Type specimen. U.8,N.M. No. 1,263.

Trompicuua (NgorrompBicuna) spicea (Gater 1932),

Trombicula. spicea Gater 1932, Parasitol., 24, 143-174; Womersley and Heaslip

1943, Tr. Roy. Soe. S. Austr., 67, (1), 76 (as larvae),

Plate 96, fig. G—-L.

The nymphs of this species have been reared from larvae from the ears of

Rattus r. kandiyanus from Embilipitiya, Ceylon, by Mr. 8. H. Jayewickreme,

to whom I am indebted for material and the opportunity of describing the

nymph, The identity of the larva which has not been recorded from anywhere

since Gater’s original description and record of the species from Selangor,

F.M.S., has been checked against two of Gater’s paratypes, and the association

of the larvae with the aymphs has been checked by examination of the larval

pelts.

In Ceylon the larvae of this species were associated with Schdngastia (Asco-

schéngastia) indica Tirst, as was also recorded by Gater for his Malayan

material. ;

Description of Nymph. O£ typical Trombicula facies, but somewhat slen-

der, Colour in life? Length (freshly emerged) 650», width across propodo-

soma 273n, across hysterosoma 273. Crista linear, 112, Jong, with broad

somewhat diamond-shaped sensillary area, furnished with a pair of long, 98p,

uniformly thick sensillae which are barbed in basal part, and shortly ciliated

distally ; sensillae bases 36» apart; just anterior of sensillary area and on each

sider of anterior rod is a long strongly ciliated seta, much longer (314) than the

surrounding stae. Epistome rounded-conical with strong denticles and 1

ciliated seta 222 long. Chelicerae finely serrated on inner margin. Palpi

slender, tibial claw with 2 accessory spines. Eyes absent, WLegs I longer and

stronger than rest, 495p long, IT and IIT 285, IV 365y; tarsi I 97~ long hy

45, high, metatarsi I 84, long, Sternum entire, undivided. No precoxal

plates. Dorsal setae of two distinct sizes, anteriorly 14p long, posteriorly 40p _

long, tapering, with outstanding setules, Genital dises 2 pairs.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 361

TrompBicuLa (NroTromBIcuLA) (?RUSsIcA Ouds. 1902).

Larvae.

Trombidium (Otenyssus) aurantiacum Ouds, 1897, (non. Kolenati), Tijds.

Entom., 40, 118.

Thrombidium russicum Ouds. 1902, Hntom., Ber., 1, (7), 43; 1903, Tijds.,

Entom., 45, 142-143, tab. 12, fig. 39-42; idem 1903, ibid. 46, 5; idem

1909, zbid. 52, 31, tab. 7, fig. 31-36.

Allothraombidium russicum Ouds. 1906, Entom. Ber., 2, (29), 87.

Allothrombidium muscae Ouds. 1906, Entom. Ber., 2, 43.

Thrombidium muscae Ouds. 1909, Tijds. Entom., 52, 35, tab. 6, fig. 26-30.

Trombidium (Heterothrombidium) muscae Verdun, 1909, C.R. Soc. Biol.

Paris, 67, 246; ibid., 67, 246.

Microthrombidium muscae Ouds. 1909, Entom. Ber., 3, (50), 20.

Microthrombidium russicum Ouds. 1909, Entom. Ber., 38, (50), 20; idem

1910, ibid., 3, (52), 47; idem 1912, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 14, 5.

Adult.

Trombicula russica. Vitzthum 1932, in Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 63, 687-690; Sig

Thor and Willmann 1947, Dag Tierreich, Lfg. 71b, 345,

The adult of a species under the name of russica was briefly described by

Vitzthum. The description as translated from Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947,

is as follows:

**Colour pale yellowish, almost white. Eyes absent completely. Body hairs

as in autumnalis but not much longer posteriorly as in that species, from 62-

65.. Length of 2 1,200p.

From the Lutherothgrotte of St. Canzian Caves near Trieste. Coprophilous

in bat guano.”’

Remarks. As Oudemans has synonymized his muscae and russica, ‘two

species which from his description and figures as published in 1909 (Tijds.

Entom. 52) are obviously quite distinct, it is somewhat uncertain to which

Jarvae Vitzthum’s adult must be related.

TromeicuLA (NroTROMBICULA) FoRDI sp. n. Lawrence, T. J.

See Larval Section of this paper.

Plate 96, fig. M-Q.

Through the kindness of Lt. Col. Audy I have been privileged to study

four nymphs reared from larvae of this species in Burma by Mr. K. L. Cock-

362 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

ings. The larvae were from Rattus rattus brunneusculus from Imphal.

20/12/45.

Description of Nymph. Size fairly large. Facies as in typical Trombicula.

Length (newly emerged) 640n; width across propodosoma 355,, aeross hystero-

soma 38a. Crista clongate with subposterior sensillary area, 102. long

excluding epistome, with epistome 115y; epistome rounded-conical with dentate

margin, 4nd 1 ciliated seta. Sensillae fine and filamentous, with minute barbs

basally and short ciliations distally, to 604 long and bases 29» apart. Chelicerae

with inner margin indistinctly serrate. Eyes absent. Palpal claw with 2

accessory spines at base and a nude spine on outer side; tatsi with 4 nude

apical spines. Legs I longer and stronger than the others 420, IL 280,,

IIT 280u, [V 5325p; tarsi I 108, lone by 51y high, metatarsi 64% long. Dorsal

setae, anteriorly 25 pectinate and normal, posteriorly and generally inter-

spersed to 45m, with parallel sides which at the extreme tip expand linto a

small roughly oval tip, furnished with strong setules (see figure). Genital

dises two pairs,

Remarks, Characterized mainly on the peculiar dorsal setae and as in the

key.

TrompicuLa (NEOTROMBICULA) sARcINA (Womersley 1944).

Trombicula saroina Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 68, (1), 95,

(larvae),

Plate 97, fig. A-F’.

This species has been reared to the nymph by Mr, D. A. Gill from larvae

collected from sheep at Clermont, Queensland in Dec. 1944. The following

description is from three of these nymphs kindly sent to me for study by

Mr. Gill,

Nymph. Length to 660,; width across propodosoma 490, across hystero-

soma 470z. Colour in life reddish. Crista as in the genus, 105p long, sensillae

with a few (3 to 4) ciliations distally, filamentous, ca. 1002 long, with bases

334 apart; ratio crista length to SB —3-2:1-0. Palpal tibia with only two

accessory spines at base of claw. Epistome rounded, or subtrianeular with

fine denticulations and 1 ciliated seta. Chelicerae finely serrated on inner

edge, Eyes absent. Jegs all much shorter than body, with I the longest and

strongest; I 460% long, IT 290n, TIL 320%, IV 370x; tarsi I 114, long by 57

high, ratio 2-0:1-0; metatarsi I 834 long, ratio length tarsi to metatarsi —

1-37:1-0. Sternum entire, no precoxal plates on leg T. Dorsal setae short,

with lone outstanding setuies varying from 20, anteriorly to 404 posteriorly.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIC Scrug TyPHus MITES 363

TrRoMBIcULA (NEOTROMBICULA) MOgsIca (André 1982),

Thrombicula canestrinii v. moesica André 1932, Assoc. Franee Adv. Sci.

Brussels, 273; 1937, Bull. Mus. Nat, Hist. Nat., 2nd ser., 9, (5), 313.

Trombicula moesica, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, Lig. 71h.

Plate 97, fig. G—J.

This species was described from a single adult female collected by R. M.

Remy in the Gradje Cave, Yugoslavia, August 1930.

Through the great kindness of my colleague Dr, M. André I have been

able to examine this unique specimen and the following re-description is from

that of André and my own observations.

Adult ¢. Colour white. Of typical Trombicula facies. Length 1,420,,

width 780u. Crista 227» long, with a more or less diamond-shaped sensillary

area, with paired filamentous sensillae, 260. long and with 3—4 long fine

branches distally. Sensillae bases 78, apart. Epistome 58. deep, rounded-

conical with strong denticulations and one seta to 652 long and ciliated. Eyes

absent. Chelicerae on inner (dorsal) edge finely serrated. Palpi slender;

tibia with 3 accessory spines at base of claw (only 2 shown m André’s figure)

and a fourth midway between base of claw and articulation of palpal tarsus.

Tarsi of leg I 805u long by 91, high; metatarsi 2272 long. Dorsal setae wni-

formly thick, ciliated to tip, anteriorly 45 long, posteriorly 97». Genitalia

with 3 pairs of dises, Sternum entire; no precoxal plates evident.

Remarks. André compared his species with the three adult European

species of Trombicula then known, viz. canestrinii Buifa 1899, formicarum

Berl. 1919 and autunmalis (Shaw 1790), particularly in regard to the relative

length and height of the first. tarsi, and the lengths of the dorsal setae, On

the close agreement of the proportionate lenoth to height of the front tarsi,

3-5 in canestrini, he regards his species as a variety of this species. Apart from

the very slight difference in the front tarsi there is a much more obvions and

important difference in the structure of the dorsal setae. In canestrinit as

figured by Berlese, the dorsal setae and particularly the posterior setae are

very much longer and the apival fiith or sixth is shown as nude and spine-like,

In the specimens. of canestrinit which I have heen able to study, this is the

general appearance under medinm magnification; under higher magnification

however, many of them show that the extreme part of the spine-like tip is itself

fibrillated. In moesica besides being shorter, the dorsal setae have fairly long

setnules extending right to the tip.

364 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

TrompicuLa (NS0TROMBICULA) AUTUMNALIS (Shaw 1790),

Acarus autumnualis Shaw 1790, Nat. Misc., 2, 42.

Leptus autumnalis, Brandis 1897, Festschr. d. Provinzial Irrenasstalt, Nietle-

ben; Bruyant 1910, Zool. Anz., 35, 847-352; Picard 1927, Bull. Soc. Zool.

France, 52.

Microtrombidiwm autumnalis, Qudemans 1912, Zool, Jahrb, Suppl, 14; dem

1913, Acarol. Maulwerfnestern, Archiy, Naturgesch., (9), 127 (these

probably refer to inoepinatum Onda. 1909).

Trombicula autumnalis, Hirst 1926 (Neotrombicula), Ann. App. Biol., 13, 140—

143; André 1929, (Thrombicula), Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 54; idem 1929,

Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., 2nd ser., 1; idem 1930, Mem, Soc. Zool, France;

idem 1931, Archiv. Zool, Ital., 16; idem 1937, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat.,

2nd ser., 9, 313; Warburton 1928, Parasitology, 20, 228-236; Sig Thor and

Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, Lig., 71bi

Plate 98, fig. A-G.

The first attempt to rear the nymph of this species from the larvae appears

to be that of Brandis 1897. The nymph obtained was, on account of its thick

coating of hairs, considered as that of Trombidium holosericium. Bruyant

1910 also succeeded in obtaining a single nymph, which was regarded as

Microtrombidiwm pusillum Herm. by Oudemans 1912. In 1913, however,

Ondemans on re-examination of the specimen showed that it differed from

Microtrombidium pusillum im the structure of the front tarsi, palpi and dorsal

setae. He regarded it as distinct and referred it to Microtrombidium autumr-

alis (Shaw). In 1916, Zool. Anz. 46, 253, Knéigsl obtained nymphs from

larvae identified as 7. inepinatunt Ouds. 1909 (a species the larvae of which

are generally regarded as conspecific with autumnalis (Shaw). He recog-

nized these nymphs as belonging to the genus Trombicula Berl, 1904 and

unhesitatingly referred the nymph reared by Bruyant and figured hy

Oudemans 1913 to autumnalis. Stanley Hirst 1926 also bred a nymph from

larvae identified as Leptus autummalis which he showed belonged to Trom-

bicula Berl., and designated this species as the type of a new subgenus

Neotrombicula.

Our most complete study of the nymph and adult of this species is that of

Mare André (1930), and at the present time autummnalis is probably the best

known and described species, from all stages. The following re-descriptions

of the adult and nymph are mainly from André’s studies, supplemented or

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 365

checked by my own observations on British material, obtained while in London

in 1947 from Dr. W. 8. Richards.

Re-description of Nymph. Facies of Trombicula but rather elongate with

the hysterosoma narrower than the propodosoma. Length 980,, width of

hysterosoma to 310. (after André). Colour in life, pale to light yellowish.

Crista linear, with a subposterior diamond-shaped sensillary area; with paired

filamentous sensillae each with 5 or 6 distal setules. Epistome somewhat tri-

angular, with denticulations, and 1 long ciliated seta. Eyes absent. Chelicerae

with inner edge finely serrated. Palpi moderately stout; tibia with 2 acces-

sory spines at base of claw. Legs all shorter than hody, I the longest and

strongest, with tarsi I 180. long by 70p high (André), metatarsi 145, long.

Dorsal setae ciliated to tip, 30x long anteriorly, increasing to 110, posteriorly

(André), Sternum entire, roughly pentagonal and as long as wide; no pre-

coxal plates evident. Genital orifice with 2 pairs of discs.

Ke-description of Adult, As in nymph in shape. Length to 2,050n, width

across hysterosoma to 850». Colour white to light yellow. Crista, sensillary

area, sensillae and epistome as in nymph, Hyes absent. Palpi as in nymph

but with 3 accessory spines at base of tibial claw. Legs as in nymph. Dorsal

setae asin nymph. Genital organ with 3 pairs of discs. Sternum as in nymph;

no precoxal plates present.

Remarks. W. 8. Richards has recently (Parasitology, 1950, 40, (12), 105,

and 118) published two very important papers on the variation in the larvae,

and on the distribution and biology of the European harvest-mite in Britain.

In the first he shows. that very considerable variation occurs in morphological

characters of the larvae regarded as this species, such as; (1) the ciliated or

nude galeal setae and the dorsal and lateral setae on the palpal tibia, (2) the

duplication or otherwise of some of the scutal setae, (3) the lengths of the

scutal setae, (4) the number and arrangement of the humeral and dorsal setae,

aud (5) the Standard Data of the scutum. Despite all these variations, he is

inclined to the view that all the larvae he studied are to be referred to the

one species Trombicula autumnalig (Shaw).

In my experience, some of the variations suggest that at least two species

occur in Britain. Dealing with the variations, the occasional (apparently more

frequent in Britain) duplication of one or more of the seutal setae is to be

found im many species. of Trombiculidae, and is a teratological occurrence of

no taxonomic value, provided that it ig recognized for what it really is. For

example, the occasional oceurrence of 2 AL in a Trombiculid specimen ig not to

be confused with the 2 AM in a Leenwenhoekiid. Similarly the occurrence of

366 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

2 humeral setae on each side may only be a freak variation and of no specific

importance,

The specimens with ciliated or branched galeal and dorsal and lateral

palpal setae together with dorsal setae 2.8.6.+, with a total of 36, seem to sug-

gest the species 7. inopinatum rather than true autwmnalis, The larvae of

7’. inopinatum was described in 1909 (Tijds. v. Entom., 52, 43, tab. 7, fig. 47—

40, Ouds.). In Oudemans’ original drawing No. 1,105, in the Leiden Museum,

for a photostat of which I am indebted to Mise A. M. Buitendijk, are given

figures of the nymph reared from Bruyant’s larva, and labelled as Microtrom-

budium inopinatum Ouds.

The nymph as thus figured by Oudemans (these figures were published

1913 Acarologisches aus Maulwurfnestern, Arch. Naturg., LXXIX—A, taf.

XII, fig. 1-6) under the name of Microtrombidium autumnalis (Shaw) does

not coincide with the details of autwmnalis as delineated by recent students,

André, Richards, and myself herein. In particular, the sensillae are shown

and stated to be nude, whereas in autwmnnalis they are ciliated. The dorsal

setae although of one kind, and gradually lengthening posteriorly are more

sparsely beset with longer setules; they reach posteriorly, however, to approxi-

mately the same length of 100-110». (In W, S. Richards’ first paper, luc. cit.,

in a footnote, he gives the mean length of the posterior setae in two lots of

adults ag 10-50-86, and 9-7+1-52,. This is probably an error for in some

of his English material which I have examined, these setae are up to 100, as

given by André et al.). It would seem then that some of Richards’ larval

material might possibly be referred to Oudemans’ inopinatum which is probably

a good species, distinguishable in both larvae and adults from autumnalis.

Richards was not very successful in rearing nymphs and those which he obtained

appear to conform to typical autumnalis. The metatarsi of leg I in the nymph

of inopinatum as figured by Oudemans are very little shorter than the tarsi,

123, to 137, whereas in autumnalis, the lengths are 195» and 260, respectively,

Richards unquestionably had adults of both sexes of autummnalis but in his

figure of the male (fig. 22) he has omitted and probably failed to observe the

pair of specialized titillating setae on each side of the penis opening,

Whether the specimens with autwmnalis type of galeal and palpal tibial

setae but with 2.8.6.1, and more than 32 dorsal setae are only variations of

this species or should be referred to something else must, as also with inopina-

tum, await further and more detailed work on the lines of rearing larvae from

known adult females. Richards’ second paper on the ‘‘Distribution and Bio-

logy of the Harvest Mite’ also suggests that the two major forms (with and

without galeal setae ete, ciliated) occur at different seasons and in different

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 367

climatic areas although some overlapping occurs, e.g. the inopinatum form was

not met with north of Oxford, whereas the typical, and its variations oceurred

throughout England and in Scotland.

TromMEIOULA (NwotromBicunaA) coarcTata (Berlese 1888).

Trombidium coarctatum Berlese 1888, Acari Austro-americani Bull. Soe. entom.

Ital., 20, 179, pl. 5, fig. 5; idem 1893, A.MLS., Prost., 98; Berlese and

Leonardi 1902, Zool. Anz., 25, 17.

Trombicula coarctata, Berlese 1912, Redia, 8, (1), 91-92, fig. 42; non Kitashima

and Miyajima 1918, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med., 2, 190-191, pl. 8, fig. 1;

non Hwing 1920, Anu. Entom. Soc. Amer., 13, 382-389; non Ewing 1926,

Entom. News, 37, 111; Ewing 1931, Proce, U.8.N, Mus., 80, 7, (in part) ;

non Ewing 1933, Proc, U.S.N. Mus., 82, 2; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947,

Das Tierreich, Lig. 71b, non fig. 416.

Plate 95, fig. K-L.

This species was originally described by Berlese from two specimens from

under stones, one from Buenos Aires, and one from Rio Apa (Paraguay). It

was later (1902) recorded by Berlese and Leonardi from Chili. Since then

however, no authentic material appears to haye been seen and studied.

The following description is a compilation from Berlese’s original paper

and his later notes of 1912.

Nymph. Colour white. As in typical Trombicula with a constriction’

between second and third pairs of legs; shoulders well rounded. Eyes absent.

Crista linear with subposterior sensillary area about as wide as long. Sen-

sillae ? (probably filamentous). Palpi slender, tibial claw with 2 accessory

spines at base (hence Berlese’s specimens would be nymphs); tarsus elongate

elavate. Legs slender and short; posterior hardly reaching beyond abdomen;

tarsi I widest basally, apex subacute, subtriangular; tarsi I 180» long by 75p

high, metatarsi [ 130p long. Body densely covered with setae, which are only

slightly tapering, to 70x long posteriorly and with outstanding ciliations.

Length to 1,150p, width to 850,.

Remorks, Tn 1918 Kitashima and Miyajima considered that the adults of

the Japanese ‘‘kedani’’ mite were conspecific with the 8S. American species.

Ewing (1920) reported having, along with Miyajima, studied Japanese speci-

mens and compared them with the American species, splendens Ewing and

cinnabarinus Ewing (—alfreddugesti Ouds,), They also concluded that eoare-

tuta aud the Japanese material were the same species, and published a re-

description and figures of coarctata based on Japanese specimens.

368 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Apart from the very widely different geographical localities, there are how-

ever, certain subtle differences to be found between the descriptions and figures

of Berlese, and those of Kitashima and Miyajima, and of Ewing.

Berlese gives the colour as ‘‘white’’ whereas the Japanese species accord-

ing to Kitashima and Miyajima is ‘‘light reddish eolour.’’ Another important

specific difference is seen when we compare the figures of the dorsal setae,

Berlese shows them as slightly tapering with relatively few outstanding setules.

In Ewing’s figure, the setae are heavily ciliated and somewhat bushy towards

the tip. In coarctata Berlese the posterior dorsal setae reach to 70p in length.

Ewing gives no dimensions for the Japanese specimens. Again, although the

front tarsi are closely similar, those of the Japanese form are somewhat longer,

2-5, in proportion to height, than the ratio of a 2-4 given by Berlese. The

structure of the epistome was not studied or delineated by earlier workers,

but Ewing figures it for Miyajima’s material as rectangular with anterior edge

straight, Although this form of epistome is not nnknown in the Trombiculidae,

it is unusual; the genral form is rounded-conical. Berlese did not stress or

describe the sensillae of the 8. American species.

Unquestionably then the Japanese material was not con-specific with coarc-

tata Berl. but was probably identical with akamushi Brumpt.

TromBiouLa (NEOTROMBICULA) OAVERNARUM (Ewing 1933),

Trombicula cavernarum Ewing 1938, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 82, (29), 4.

Plate 95, fig, F-G,

Thig. species was described from two males and one female from Chilibrillo

Caves, Panama.

The original deseription is as follows :

‘* Adult. Moderate in size and of the shape.typical of the genus. No capi-

tulum present. Palpi reaching beyond the middle of the first patellae; palpal

claw weak, but little over half as long as the arched segment which bears it;

accessory spines four, subequal, forming a comb; palpal thumb slightly swollen

and extending to middle of palpal claw. Chelicerae very slender; chelae

slender, sharp, tips extending slightly beyond the tips of second palpal seg-

meuts. Crista rod-like, expanded near its posterior end into a diamond-shaped

pseudostigmatic area slightly beyond which the erista ends in two strongly

diverging lateral arms. Pseudostigmata moderate, situated near lateral angles

of pseudostigmatic area; pseudostigmatice organs very long, setiform, with two

barbs. Eyes absent. Abdomen about one and a half times as long as broad;

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 369

setae short for the genus. Genital opening about one-half of its diameter from

posterior coxae. Genital armature of male composed of a basal plate, a pro-

truding penis, and an inwardly projecting manubrium; basal plate horse-shoe-

shaped; penis a cone-shaped, sclerotized structure, situated between the two

arms of the basal plate; manubrium somewhat longer than penis and arising

from base of same. Anus somewhat smaller than genital opening and situated

about one and a half times its greatest diameter behind the same, Anterior

legs only slightly larger than posterior. Tarsal claws all simple, those of the

first legs quite small and subequal, those of the other legs unequal, the pos-

terior claw being larger than the anterior. Length, 1-12 mm.; width 0:7 mm.’’

Remarks. No dimensions other than total length and width are given, and

it is very diffien]t to compare this species with others from what data is avail-

able. In the absence of eyes and the structure of the sternum it belongs to

the subgenus Neoirombicula, and on the proportions of the front tarsi and

metatarsi is close to formicarum Berl. and camilla Wharton,

TRoMBICULA (NEOTROMBICULA) MANRIQUET (Ewing 1937),

Trombicula manriquei Ewing 1937, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, 50, 169; Sig

Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tierreich, Lig, 71b, 353,

This species is as yet, only known from a single specimen, deseribed by

Ewing, and collected from humus in a tree hole at Villavicencio (Quenane)

Meta Department, Colombia. Type in U.S.N.M.

BHwing’s description is as follows:

“‘Palpus slender, extending about one-half its length beyond chelicerae.

Palpal thumb slender, well clothed with setae and slightly surpassing tip of

palpal claw; palpal claw rather slender without tooth, moderately curved;

accessory spines three, subequal, arranged in a comb. Crista extending for-

ward as a pointed rod between bases of chelicerae and expanded posteriorly into

a laterally rounded pseudostigmatic area, the latter without posterior lobes.

Pseudostigmatie organs simple, flagelliform, longer than crista, Byes absent.

Abdomen densely beset with tapering barbed setae which increase progressively

in length from anterior to posterior border, Anterior legs longest: posterior

next in length; legs of second and third pairs subequal. Claws on tarsi I

unequal, also those on tarsus IV unequal; those on tarsus II subequal, and on

tarsus III subequal.

“Length of body 0:96 mm.; greatest width 0-53 mm.’’

Remarks. Ewing states, ‘‘ Although this specimen is small for an adult of

the genus Trombicula, the presence of three accessory spines near the base of

370 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

the palpal claw and of three pairs of genital suckers surrounding the genital

opening indicates it is an adult. This species ig nearest T. coarctata Berlese

and T. splendens Ewing, from both of which it differs in having no posterior

lobes to the pseudostigmatic area.”

TromBicuLa (NporromBicuLA). cotprt (Oudemans 1910).

Microtrombidium goldii Oudemans 1910, Entom, Ber, Nederl. Ver., 3, 84;

idem 1912, Zool. Jahrbs. Suppl. 14, 13-15 (larva),

Trombicula goldui Ewing 1931, Proc. U.S.N. Mus., 80, 7 (larva).

Trambicula (Eutrombicula) goldit, Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, Das Tier-

reich, Lig. 71b, 279 (larva).

Trombicula goldii, Boshell and Kerr 1942, Riv, Acad. Columbiano Cien. Exact.

Fisic, Nat., 5, 112; Michener 1946, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 39, (1), 101-118

(adult).

Plate 95, fig. M.

This species, in the adult stage is only known from Colombia, 5. America,

where it is apparently fairly common.

A translation of Boshell and Kerr’s description is as follows:

Adult. Size small with pronounced constriction between abdomen and

eephalothorax; colour carmine; legs much shorter than body; anterior legs

much thicker than others. Palpi long and stout, reaching to base of patella of

leg I; segment IIT widened; claw of palpi strong and simple, two-thirds length

of fourth segment; a row of 3 unequal spines on smal] protmberance at base of

claw. Thumb of palpi wide, lightly clavate and reaching tip (of claw); fur-

nished with pectinate setae. Mandibula apophysis (chela) strong, sickle-shaped,

with finely serrate concave edge. Eyes absent. Crista well developed, rod-

like anteriorly with a wide triangular subposterior area with two pseudostig-

mata in the posterior lateral angles. Pseudostigmatic organs flagelliform, long,

with some small ciliations on distal third. Dorsal setae of one type, dense, but

longer posteriorly than on shoulders; situated on elevated dises, ending in a

point and ciliated. On the dorsal surface, postero-lateral of the anus, one

finds a pair of areas, refractive, somewhat in relief and resembling eyes.

Genital aperture dimorphie and easy to see in cleared or partially cleared

specimens. The female has a pair of peculiar cup-like structures, approxi-

mately half the diameter of the genital discs, and surpassing the posterior pair

of dises. The males have an ovoid structure without precise details, approxi-

mately twice the size of the genital discs and placed in the middle of these.

Leg I approximately twice as thick as IV; I and IV about equally long, I

and III distinctly shorter than IV. Tarsi J not wider (higher) than patella I,

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIG-PAciIFIc ScRUB TypHUS MITES 371

symmetrical, conical, with the distal diameter a little less than half the basal

diameter. Tarsi I approximately 1-4 times as long as the patella; other seg-

ments about equal. The other tarsi relatively longer and more slender with

extremities. truncate. Hach tarsus with a pair of equal, slender and curved

claws; those on tarsi I about half the size of the others.

Localities, Restrepo, Villvicencio (Meta) at 400-900 metres; Municipality

of Bolivar (Santanda) at 500-1,000 metres; Municipality of Muzo (Boyaca)

at 700-1,000 metres, Found in humus, tree holes and under bark of fallen

logs, at all seasons of the year.

The captured adults were correlated with a nymph and adult reared in

the laboratory.

Remarks. There is no doubt that this is a true Trombiculid despite the

author’s statement ‘‘with pronounced constriction between cophalothorax and

abdomen’’; this is surely meant ta refer to the usual constriction between the

second and third pairs of legs,

The author’s description of the difference in the genitalia of the two sexes

is interesting and important but would be better understood if figures had

been given.

TromaBIcuLA (Nrorrompicuua) sp. n. (Cooreman in litt.).

Plate 98, fig. N-O,

In 1947, on a visit to the Musee Réyal D’Histoire Nat. de Belgique, Brux-

elles, my friend Dr. J. Cooreman drew my attention to a single specimen of

an adult Trombicula which he had collected from a ‘‘microcaverne endoxyle"’

in Ulmus campestris at Boitsfort, near Bruxelles, March 25, 1947. At the time

it was thought that it might be Trombicula inopinatwm Ouds., but our examina-

tions of the specimen shows that it is probably a new species, which Dr. Coore-

man will be duly describing, .

In the meantime I am greatly indebted to Dr. Cooreman for the following

details and figures which will enable the species to be separated from others,

Length 720, width 380p. Of typical Trombicula facies. Eyes absent.

Crista 150. long, with triangular dentate epistome, with smooth epistomal

seta; sensillae long and fine, with sparse barbs distally. Legs: I 420, long,

TI 250p, ITI 240pn, TV 325p; tarsi 1 115p long, ? wide, metatarsi I 100, long.

Dorsal setae figured, anteriorly 20-30n, posteriorly 40u,

Remarks, The species is close to sarcina Wom. from Australia, but differs

in the smooth epistomal seta and the relative lengths of front tarsi and meta-

tarsi. In the smooth epistomal seta and shorter posterior dorsal setae it differs

from both autummnalis and inepinatum, while the distally barbed sensillae sep-

arates it. from inopinatum.,

372 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

TromeicuLa (NEOTROMBICULA) HARRISONI sp. n.

Plate 113, fig. A-E.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Length 355.2; width

across propodosoma 195p, across hysterosoma 225p. Crista elongate, length

including epistome 112; subposterior sensillary area as figured, with SB 31,;

sensillae filamentous, but rather thickened medially, to 90, with short ciliations

on distal four-fifths; epistome rounded-conical, dentate, with ciliated seta 20.

long. Eyes absent. Chelicerae strongly serrate on inner edge. Palpi rather

slender; tibia with two accessory spines at base of claw. Dorsal setae from

10-14 long anteriorly, lengthening to 34 posteriorly; anterior setae tapering

with outstanding setules, posteriorly more parallel sided almost to tip, Leg I

slightly longer than body, to 375y, II and IIT 195p,, TV 225p; tarsi of leg I 84

long by 42» high, metatarsi I 84p long.

Loc. The type nymph is one reared by the British Scrub-typhus Research

Team, in Malaya from larvae of the new species harrisoni, from bats No. 11018,

from Bukit Lagong Forest Reserve, Kepong, Malaya, 1950, and correlated

with the larval pelt.

Remarks, As with most nymphs and adults of the Trombiculidae, specific

separation from other species is based on rather intangible characters. An

attempt to separate the above species has been made in the key. The larvae,

however, is abundantly distinct.

Genus GUNTHERANA Womersley and Heaslip 1943.

Guntherana Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Trans. Roy. Soe. 8. Austr., 67,

(1), nom. nov. for Guntheria Womersley 1939, Rec. 8. Aust. Mus., 6, (1),

157, preoc.

Genotype Neoschéngastia kallipygos Gunther 1939 (larva).

The nymphs and adults of this genus have not hitherta been described. In

the present work the adult and nymphal stages of the genotype Guntherana

bipygalis (Gunther 1939) are described and the genus defined for these stages.

A second species from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, G. tindalei (Wom.

1946) known from a captured adult is now referred to the genus.

Diagnosis of Genus (from Adult or Nymph). Form as in the genus 7'rom-

bieula. Crista linear with very widely transverse sensillary area, with a dumb-

bell-shaped areola, and shallow posterior angle, filamentous sensillae, and the

anterior arm of the erista shorter than the distance between seusillae bases.

Epistome anteriorly concave with fine denticles and 1 seta. Eyes absent. Pre-

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 373

coxal plates of leg I well defined, and barely touching in middle line so that

there is no true sternum. Tarsi of leg I without any dorsal subapical process.

Dorsal setae tapering, slender and ciliated,

Genotype G. bipygalis (Gunther 1939).

Key to the Adult and Nymphal Species.

1. Colour in life red. Dorsal setae fairly thick, to 70n long posteriorly.

Tarsi I less than twice as long as high. , bipygalis (Gunther 1939).

Colour in life white .. ‘is HH mm ols ta ts a 2

2. Tarsi I ea, 24 times as long as high. Dorsa) setae rather fine, to 100u

long posteriorly. G, tindalet (Womersley 1946).

Tarsi I twice as long as high. Dorsal setae much thicker, anteriorly

on propodosoma to 13, long, posteriorly on hysterosoma forming a

conspicuous fringe with setae 65-70, long.

G. translucens (Womersley 1944).

GUNTHERANA BIPYGALIS (Gunther 1939).

Neoschingastia callipygea Gunther 1938, nom. nud. Med, J. Aust., 2, (6), 202,

Neoschingastia kallipygos, 1939, nom. nud. Derrick, Smith, Brown and Free-

man, Med. J. Aust., Jan., 150.

Neoschéngastia kallipygos, 1939, Gunther, Proc. Linn. Soe. New South Wales,

64, (1-2), 83,

Neoschéngastia bipygalis 1939, Gunther, Proc, Linn, Soc, New South Wales,

64, (5-6), 471.

Guntheria kallipygos Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 63, (2), 157,

Guntherana bipygalis, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc, 8. Austr.,

67, (1), 132,

Guntherana parana Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Austr., 68, (1),

Plate 99, fig, A-F.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Colour in life red-

dish. Length 6004, width across propadosoma 360n, across hysterosoma 420,.

Crista linear with very wide, 10lp, and transverse sensillary area which has

only a slight posterior angulation; sensillae bases 90y apart, and the filamentous

distally finely ciliated sensillae to ca. 150 long. Apex of erista forked, epistome

somewhat rectangular with the anterior margin concave and finely denticulate,

with 1 seta. Eyes absent. Chelicerae finely serrate on inner margin. Palpi

fairly stout, tibia with a pair of accessory spines at base of claw. Legs rather

short, T the longest and strongest to 540» long, IT 2390p, TIT 3902, TY 450y;

374 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

tarsi I thick and slightly tapering, 144~ long by 90u high, metatarsi I without

any dorsal subapical process; both tarsi and metatarsi I with numerous slender

sensory rods amidst the ciliated setae. Tarsal claws stout and unequal. Dorsal

setae slightly tapering, from 36-75» long, with outstanding ciliations. Genital

dises 2 + 2,

Description of Adult 9. Shape and colouration as in nymph. Length

1,200n, width across propodosoma 680y, across hysterosoma 750. Crista as in

nymph but 180. long, with sensillary area 158, wide, and sensillae bases 136y

apart, sensillae ca. 200. long, ciliated distally. Eyes absent. Chelicerae ser-

tate on inner margin, Epistome as in nymph. Palpi with 3 accessory spines

at base of claw, and another midway between base of claw and articulation of

palpal tarsus. Precoxal plates of leg I as in nymph but more chitiniged.

Legs I 900, IE 660p, III 660p, IV 930n; tarsi I 240» long by 1304 high; meta-

tarsi I 1304 long. Dorsal setae as in nymph, 36-72», Genital dises 3 + 3.

Loc. The nymph is described from two specimens reared from larvae by

Major G, M. Kohis, in New Guinea, 1944 (No. 253). A third and fourth nymph

reared from larvae of what were thought to be Ascoschéngastia. womersleyu

Gunther, by Major Kohls (Dobodura, New Guinea, 11th May, 1944, Ne. 293)

is really this species, and the identification of the larvae must have been in

error.

The adult description is from a female from New Guinea, 1944 (G, M.

Kohls No, 83) from which the larvae were obtained which were deseribed by

Womersley, 1944 as Guntherana parana nu. sp. G. porana is now regarded as

con-specific with bepygdlis.

Remarks. The eggs of the larvae described as parana were not. observed

and no further mformation is therefore available as to their peculiar structure

and Iccation on the hairs of the host as described by Gunther 1939 (Proc. Linn.

Soe. New South Wales, 64, (5-6), 471) for bipygalis.

GUNTHERANA TINDALEI (Womersley 1936).

Trombicula tindalei Womersley 1936, J. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.), 40, (269),

110.

Plate 99, fig. G-L.

Although the larva of this species is unknown the unique nymph is

unhesitatingly placed in Guntherana on the characters of the very widely

transverse sensillary area, the absence of any subapical process on the first

tarsi, and the precoxal plates of leg I. It may be distinguished as given in the

key, although it is certainly not very different from the genotype. A re-

description of the nymph is as follows:

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 375

Re-deseription of Nymph. Shape as in typical Trombicula. Colour in

life whitish. Length 11804; width across propodosoma 400p, across hystero-

soma 700%. Crista linear, 120, sensillary area broad 84 with only a slight

posterior angle, and paired filamentous sensillae L70p long and distally with

sparse outstanding ciliations; sensillae bases 75. apart. Eyes absent. Cheli-

cerae with finely serrate inner margin. Epistome somewhat rectangular, with

the anterior margin lightly concave and denticulate; with 1 seta. Palpi

slender, tibia with 2 stout accessory spines at base of the slender claw. Legs

shorter than body, I thicker than IJ-IV; tarsi I tapering anterioriy, 140, long

by 58, high, metatarsi I 85. long; all tarsi with paired unequal claws; tarsi

and metatarsi I with numerous slender rod-like setae in addition to the ciliated

setae. Precoxal plates of leg I well chitinized, and barely conjoined medially,

without a distinet sternum. Dorsal setae long, fine and slender, with out-

standing ciliations, length from 30-100». Genital dises 2 pairs.

Loc. <A single specimen from under a log at the Ravine, Flinders Chase,

Kanparoo Island, South Australia, Dec., 1934 (N. B. Tindale),

Remarks. Upon remounting it is found that the transverse bar with 7

or 8 divisions described originally as lying at the posterior end of the crista, is

not part of the crista, but probably some food-body lying within the gut. Re-

mounting shows it not to be attached to the erista in any way, and it has now

been moved in position.

GUNTHERANA TRANSLUCENS (Womersley 1944),

Trombicula translucens Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 68, (1), 83.

Plate 100, fig. A-F.

This species was described from two specimens from moss, from Mt. Arden,

South Australia, collected by H. M. Cooper, 1943,

On the structure of the sensillary area it is now placed in Gunthernnd.

It is a rather characteristic species in that the longest dorsal setae form a

very distinct posterior fringe. The colour in life is a translucent white.

The details of the species are as follows:

Adult. Length 850%; width across propodosoma 425,, across hysterosoma

510z. Crista 1092 long, with triangular sensillary area with posterior apex;

sensillae filamentous, to 75z long, ciliated distally, their bases 50 apart. Palpi

with 3 accessory spines at base of tibia claw. Wpistome transversely rectangu-

lar, with fine denticulation and 2 setae, Chelicerae finely serrate on inner mar-

gin. Eyes absent. Legs all shorter than body with I longer than others and tarsi I

elongate and slightly tapering towards apex; 136, long by 68, high, ratio

length to height — 2-0:1-0; metatarsus I 78. long, ratio length tarsus I te

376 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

metatarsus I= 1-7:1-0. Dorsal setae strongly ciliated, tapering, on propodo-

soma 13, long, on hysterosoma and anteriorly 13», posteriorly 65-70» and form-

ing a fringe. Precoxal plates of coxae I present.

Genus SCHONGASTIA Oudemans 1910.

Entom, Ber., 3, (54), 86-87; 1912, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl, 14.

Genotype Thrombidium vandersandei Ouds. 1905, Nova Guinea,

5, (larvae).

(Including Ascoschéngastia Hwing 1946, type Neoschéngastia malayensis Gater

1932).

Key to the Known Adult and/or Nymphal Species,

1. Sensgillae distinctly but narrowly clavate or lanceolate >

Sensillae filamentous, but sometimes fairly but uniformly thick .. 5

2, Sensillae distinctly but narrowly clavate with short setules. Dor-

sally the posterior setae to 304 with stout setules. Front tarsi 24

times as long as high, and ca, half as long again as metatarsi.

(Adult). Schongastia algerica (André 1932).

Sensillae narrowly clavate, but without distinct basal stem, gradually

widening from base, and widest at ca. 4 from apex. Front tarsi ca.

twice as long as high. Dorsal setae to 25, posteriorly.

Schéngastia (Ascoschongestia) audyi sp. n.

Sensillae lanceolate with a short thin basal stem, then thicker until

near tip, where they taper at 3 as

3. Front metatarsi small; slightly more than half the helaiie of front

tarsi, Sensillae fairly ‘wide with moderately long ciliations, Dorsal

setae uniform, pectinate, to 204. (Nymph).

Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) kohlsi (Philip and Woodward 1946),

Front metatarsi as high or almost as high as tarsi -. os & 4

4. In each angle in front of sensillary area a ciliated seta twice the

length of neighbouring setae. Sensillae with fairly long setules.

Tarsi I ca. twice as long as high and one-fourth again longer than

metatarsi. Dorsal setae fairly uniform, to 30, (Adult),

Schongastia (Ascoschingastia) indica Hirst 1915,

(= Trombicula muris Walch 1932).

No such seta in the angles in front of Sensillary area. Stem of sen-

sillae very fine and body. not so wide as in indica. Tarsi I ca. two-thirds

as long again as metatarsi, and rather more than twice as long as high,

Dorsal setae uniform to 20, (Nymph),

Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) lanius (Radford 1946).

Sensillae fine and nude .. : . , 6

Sensillae with barbs for entire length, or in basally, and then with

ciliations distally, or with outstanding ciliations for the whole length T

babs j

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES

6, Posterior dorsal setae with a subapical setule longer than the other

setules and as long as or longer than the setae themselves. Dorsal

setae from 20 to 30m long, excluding the subapical setule. Tarsi I

1-8 times as long as high and only slightly longer than metatarsi I.

’ (Nymph). Schéngastia (Schéngastia) Oudemansi (Walch 1922

377

(= impar Gunther 1939 = bedensis Gunther 1940.

=muris Walch 1927 nec oudemans: Walch 1927).

Dorsal setae pectinate without above subapical setule, with outstanding

setules, to 302 long. Tarsi I twice as long as high, metatarsi slightly

longer than tarsi are high. (Nymph).

Schéngastia (Schingastia) maldiviensts Radford 1946.

Dorsal setae pectinate without above subapical setules, with outstand-

ing setules of moderate length to 56, long. Tarsi I 1-64 times as long

as high and metatarsi I not as lone as tarsi I are high. (Nymph).

Schéngastia (Schéngastia) wieta Gater 1938.

7. Sensiliae with only barbs for their entire length. Dorsal setae 15 to

254 long, Tarsi I 1-7 times as long as high, and 1-3 times as long as

metatarsi. (Nymph) (after Walch).

Schéngastia (Schingastia) schugfnert (Walch 1922).

Sensillae with outstanding ciliations for the whole length. DS poster-

iorly to 16n. Front tarsi 1-7 times as long as high and one-sixth as

long again as metatarsi.

Schéngastia (Aseoschéngastia) malayensis Gater 1932.

Sensillae ciliated distally, basally with or without barbs big $5

Sensillae very fine .. ms fi

Sensillae fairly and more or less uniformly thick with short ciliations

or barbs basally and long ciliations distally

With a long nude seta in each angle in front of sensillary area. Sen-

sillae minutely barbed basally and with 8-10 long ciliations distally.

Dorsally setae from 20-30» posteriorly. Tarsi I twi ice as long as high

and twice as long as metatarsi.

Schéngastia (Schéngastia), oculicola sp. n,

Without such seta in angles of crista. Sensillae distally with nisy

short ciliations. Dorsal setae from 25, to 90y posteriorly. Tarsi { 2+

times as long as high and 1-33 times as long ag metatarsi,

Schongastia westraliensis. (Wom. 1934).

10. Posterior dorsal setae to 964 long and ending in a terminal setule

ca. one-fifth entire length, Tarsi I 1-75 times as long ag high and

1-6 times as long as metatarsi, (Nymph.)

Schdugastia (Ascoschingastia) mutabilis (Gater 1982).

Posterior dorsal setae to 50. long, tapering with normal outstand-

ing setules, without especially long terminal setules. Tarsi I nearly

twice as long as high, and 1-17 times as long as metatarsi. (Nymph.)

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) nadchatrami sp. 0.

378 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Scrénaastia (AscoscHénaastia) tndica Hirst 1915.

Schongastia indica Hirst 1915, Bull. Entom, Research, 6, 183.

Trombicula muris Walch 1922, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med., 5, (3); non

murts Walch 1923 (24), Trans. Vth. Bien. Cong. Far East. Assoc. Trop.

Med., (Singapore), 621, fiz. 31-33.

Trombicula oudemonsi Walch 1923 (24), Trans. Vth. Bien. Cong. Far Bast.

Assoc. Trop. Med., 623, fig. 34-37; non owdemansi Walch 1922, Kitasato

Archiv. Exper. Med., 5, (3); non oudemansi, Fletcher, Lesslar and Lewth-

waite, 1928, Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg., 22, 161.

Schongastia indica, Walch 1927 Geneesk, Tijds. v. Ned. Indie, 67, (6), 924.

Neoschingasiia indica, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8, Austr.,

67, (1), 118; Radford 1946, Parasitol., 37, (1-2), 51, fig. 26 a-e; Wharton

1946, Seience, 104, (2,691), 76-77.

Ascoschéngastia indica, Wharton 1946, Ecol. Monog. 16, (3), 153-184.

Plate 100, fig, GK.

The adults and nymphs of this species are well known. Walch was the

first worker to succeed in rearing nymphs from larvae, but unfortunately, the

difficulty of ensuring that the larvae are only of the one species before rearing,

and thus establishing true correlation of nymphs with larvae led him to be

mistaken in his resulting conclusions. More careful rearing of larvae to

nymphs and adults, and of larvae from eggs laid by known adults by other

workers, notably C. D. Radford, G. M. Kohis, and in particular carefully con-

ducted research by G. W. Wharton 1946, has definitely established all the

different stages, egg, larva, nymphochrysalis, nymph, imagochrysalis, and adult

of both sexes, in this species.

Walch in his experiments, in all probability had Jarvae of two species in

the tubes, viz. indica. Hirst (— mturis Walch) and oudemansi Walch. In 1946,

the nymph of indica was described by Radford from larvae from Addu Attol,

Maldive Islands, from which locality oudemanst is unknown. Thus, it was seen

that the form of the sensillae as figured by Walch for oudemansi are as in

indica and his figures for muris (indica) are really applicable to oudemansi,

More recently Wharton (1946) working on this species at Guam, Mariana Is.,

has not onty established all the stages as stated above but has deseribed the

external morphology in a very detailed manner. Further he has by experi-

ment and careful observation contributed very greatly, not only to our know-

ledge of the bionomics of this particular species, but inferentially also to that of

the Trombiculidae as a whole.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 379

The descriptions of the adult and nymph from the specimens examined, one

adult and one nymph from the Maldives, and 5 nymphs reared by Major G. M.

Kohls from larvae found on Dactylopsila. sp., from Dobodura, New Guinea,

1944 (No, 261) are as follows:

Adult. SB 42p. Crista 90 long, ratio crista to SB — 2-14. Sensillae

96h. Tarsi I 1094 by 54~, ratio length, height — 2-0; metatarsus I 88 long,

ratio tarsus I, metatarsus f — 1-24, Dorsal setae fairly uniform at 18» to 25.

long.

Nymph, SB 30». Crista 852 long (Maldives 754), (Radford 93,), ratio

crista to SB = 2°8. Sensillae 75. (Maldives 55), (Radford 684). Tarsi I

Op by 30.

This species is rather small, reddish in life, and of the usual figure of eight

form. Crista rather short with the subposterior sensillary area triangular with

posterior apex, and a pair of lightly clavate or spathulate sensillae with

setules; the epistome is rounded with fine teeth and 1 Jong ciliated seta. Palpi

somewhat slender ; tibia with the usual 3 accessory spines at base of claw, and

1 other about midway between base of elaw and articulation of the palpal tarsus,

all on the inner side of palpi. Chelicerae finely serrate on inner margin. Eyes

quite absent. The sternum is entire, roughly pentagonal, without any evidence

of individual precoxal plates. The front tarsi are from 2 to 2:5 times as long as

high, widest proximally, then slightly tapering. Dorsal setae short, fairly uni-

form, with long outstanding setuies the whole length. In the male sex (aecord-

ing ta G. W, Wharton 1946) on the genitalia on each side and arising between

the second and third genital dises is a long curved ciliated and specialized seta.

Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) indica is apparently a widely distributed

species, latvae having been recorded from India (Hirst), Ceylon (Radford),

Maldives (Radford), Burma (Audy), Sumatra (Walch), Malaya (Gater), New

Guinea (Womersley and Heaslip, Gunther and others), Australia (Womersley

and Heaslip), and it oecurs also in the Philippines, The nymphs and adults

have been reared by Walch, Radford, Kohls, Wharton and Carver, and Jaye-

svickreme. In the field, however, adults have only rarely heen found, possibly

dlue to their association with tree-climbing rats, for adults have been taken in

the debris of rats’ nests in the tops of coconut palms (Radford),

SoHONGAsTIA ALGERICA (André 1932),

Thrombicula algerica André 1932, Bull, ‘Soc. Zool. France, 59, 284-88.

Plate 100, fig. L-O.

In 1932 Dr. Mare André described and figured the adult. of Thrombicula

algerica from date palms in Algeria. Through his very great kindness I have

380 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

been able to study the type specimen and to compare it with adults of indica

from Ceylon.

This species is very close to, and may possibly be synonymous with indica,

in the short rather thickened to clavate sensillae, the form of the crista, of the

epistome, and in leg dimensions and the length and form of the dorsal setae.

The main points of difference are that the sensillae are rather more definitely

clavate and with shorter ciliations than in indica, that the specialized seta on

each side of the crista in front of sensillary area is absent, and that the ratio

of length to height of the front tarsi is somewhat greater.

The data as given by André are:

Length 1,0804, width 405-470». Dorsal setae 20-304 long, Leg I 540p,

tarsi 150, long by 60 high, metatarsi 110, long. Tibia with 3 accessory spines

at base of claw and articulation of palpal tarsus. Epistome as in indica. In

Sig Thor and Willmanns’ reeent work (aDs Tierreich Lfg. 71b, 1947), the

palpal tibiae are stated as ‘‘median hinter der Kralle 4 Dornen.’’ This includes

the 3 spines at base of claw and one further away as stated above.

Sonbneastra (SCHONGASTIA) OUDEMANsI (Walch 1922).

Trombicula oudemansi Walch 1922, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med., 5, (3),

(larva) ; non Walch 1924, Trans, Vth, Bien. Congr, Far East. Assoc. Trop.

Med. (Singapore), 623 (nymph).

Trombicula muris Walch 1924, Trans. Vth, Bien, Congr. Far Hast. Assoc., Trop.

Med. (Singapore), 621 (nymph) ; non Walch 1922, Kitasato Archiv. Exper.

Med., 5, (8), (larva).

Schéngastia indica Hirst 1915, Bull, Entom. Res,, 6, 183 (larva); Walch

1927, Geneesk, Tijds. v. Med. Indie, 67, (6), 924, (larva).

Neoschéngastia impar Gunther 1939, Proc, Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 64,

(1-2), 85, (larva) ; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soe. 8. Aunstr.,

67, (1), 116 (larva),

Neoschéngastia bodensis Gunther 1940, Proc, Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 65,

(5-6), 482, (larva).

Plate 101, fig. FL.

This species was first reared to the nymph by Walch, but unfortunately

he was apparently misled in his association of the larvae with the correspond-

ing nymph (see remarks under Ascoschingastia indiew) and his deseription and

figures of owdemanst nymph refer and correspond to indica (muris) and. vice

versa. The species has more recently been reared to the nymph by Major G. M.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 381

Kohls from larvae on rats, at Dobodura, New Guinea (25 April, 1944, No, 253),

which larvae were determined as impar Gunther. As shown under the diseus-

ston of the larvae, however, the chelicerae of both impar and bodengis are ser-

rate, and these two species are both synonymous with oudemansi Walch,

The description of the nymph from 4 specimens received from Major

Kohls is as. follows :

Description of Nymph. Length 470,, width across propodosoma 240y,

across hysterosoma 2704. Crista typical of Schéngastia, to 90 long, with tri-

angular sensillary area, and paired nude filamentous sensillae to 120n long and

bases 40% apart. Eyes quite absent. Chelicerae finely serrated on inner mar-

gin. Palpal tibia with 2 accessory spines at. base of claw. Legs all shorter than

body, with I the longest and strongest; I 400, long, IT 260u, IIT ‘280y,; IV 320u;

tarsus I 90 long by 50, high, ratio length to height 1:8; metatarsus I 80y, ratio

length tarsus I to metatarsus I — 1-12. Dorsal setae fairly uniform, to 30.

long, with strong outstanding setules, one of which at the apex is exceptionally

long, and as long as the posterior setae themselves; in Waleh’s, fig, 36 (1924)

which appears may be correctly given as oudemansi, a subapical seta ig shown

as slightly longer than the others, but otherwise the above characteristic

appears to have been overlooked by Walch.

Loc, This species is known from Deli, Sumatra (Walch), New Guinoa

(Gunther, Kohls), and Borneo (Gunther).

Scuéneastia (AscoscHoneastia) MALDIVreNSIs (Radford 1946),

Schingastia maldiviensis 1946, Parasitology, 37, (1-2), 48 (larva), 51, (nymph).

Plate 102, fig. A-L.

Radford’s deseription of the larvae and more particularly of the nymph

of this species are unfortunately rather inadequate although the figures are

more satisfactory. The species was described from a lizard and also from

rats from Addu Attol, Maldive Islands. The following remarks and data are

from a nymph reared from larvae and kindly presented to me by Dr, Radford.

The crista as seen, and as figured by Radford has the typical triangular form of

the genus Schdngastia. The sensillae are about as long as the crista (given as

98), and are nude with their bases 304 apart. The epistome is rounded, with

fine denticulations, and one seta. The chelicerae are finely serrate on the inner

margin. Eyes absent, Palpi rather slender; tibia with 2 accessory spines at

base of claw. The dorsal setae are short, to 254 thiekest medially, and with

setules. In the specimen examined, the crista is 594 long, SB 26 and the

posterior dorsal setae to 30, slender, not thickened medially as in Radford’s

382 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

figure, with outstanding setules, Tarsi I 904 long by 45, high, metatarsi I 52y

long.

Loe. So far, only known from Addu Attol, Maldive islands, A solitary

adult collected by 8. L. Kalra, at Gudalur, India, 23 Aug. 1947 has been kindly

sent to me for study by Dr. C. D. Radford. This specimen appears to be the

adult of Radford’s maldiviensis, but further material of both adults and larvae

from the same locality are required to put this beyond question. The specimen,

however, is described and figured herewith, and the figures may be compared

with those given of a nymph from the Maldives,

Description of the Adult 9. Length 8502; width across propodosoma

450y, across hysterosoma 520. Colour in life unknown. Crista elongate, 182,,

with a triangular posterior sensillary area, with fine, nude, filamentous sen-

sillae, ca. 100p log, and their bases 58 apart. Epistome rounded-conical with

strong denticulations, and 1 ciliated seta. Byes quite absent. Palpi stout, with

stout claw with 3 accessory spines at base of claw and another midway on

outer margin of tibia; tarsus widest medially, and not reaching tip of claw.

Legs I stronger and longer than rest, 7154, II and III 455p, IV 590,; tarsi I

182, long hy 104 wide, metatarsns 11304 long. No precoxal plates on coxae I

and with enclosed sternum. Dorsal setae fairly uniform, with strong ciliations

and posteriorly reaching 40» in length. Genital aperture with 3 pairs of discs.

Scuénesstia (ScHONGAsTIA) scHUrFNERI (Walch 1923).

Trombicula schuffneri Walch 1923, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med. 5, (3),

(larva); 1924, Trans., Vth. Bien. Congr. Far Hast. Assoc. Trop. Med.,

(Singapore), (nymph); 1927, Geneesk, Tijds. v. Neder. Indie, 64, (3),

(nymph).

Neoschingastia schuffneri, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr, Roy. Soe, 8. Austr.,

67, (1), 117 (larva).

Plate 101, fig. M-O,

The nymph is still only known from those reared by Walch, and the

following data and the figures are from his studies.

Nymph, Length 426p, width across propodosoma 202, across hysterosoma

212.2. Colour in life orange red. Dorsal setae colourless, more or less tapering,

diliated, from 15 to 25~ long. Crista 52» long, with sensillae 111, long aud

with minute barbs basally, slightly longer distally, sensillae bases 25, apart.

Palpal tibia with 2 accessory spines at base of claw. Byes absent. Epistome

rounded with fine denticulations and 1 seta. Chelicerae serrate on inner mar-

gin. Legs all shorter than body, I 278» long and stronger than others, IT 147p,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Pacific Scrus Tyrpuus MITES 383

IH 1324, IV 1774; tarsus I 1:7 times as long as high, and 1:3 times as long

as metatarsus I. Sternum entire, without trace of precoxal plates.

In the form of the sensillary area this species belongs to Schéngastia. It

ean be recognized from other known adults or nymphs by the characteristically

barbed sensillae as in the key.

SOHONGASTIA WESTRALIENSIS (Womersley 1934).

Microtrombidiwm westraliense Womersley 1934, Rec. S. Aust. Mus., 5, (2), 188.

Plate 104, fig. A—F,

As this species has the characteristic facies of the Trombiculidae and a

triangular sensillary area of the crista it is now placed in the genus Schéngastia

Ouds. It is still only known from the unique specimen from under a. stone,

Mundaring Weir, Western Australia, August 9, 1931 (H.W.).

The species is separated as in the key and a re-description is as. follows:

Adult. Of typical Trombiculid facies. Size moderate, length to 1-2 mm.;

width across propodosoma 800y, across hysterosoma 930n. Crista 165. long,

with subposterior triangular sensillary area with posterior apex, and carrying

a pair of filamentous sensillae 1204 Iong, their bases 48, apart, and ciliated

distally. Epistome rounded with fine denticulations and 1 seta, Eyes absent.

Chelicerae finely serrate on inner edge. Palpi moderately stout; tibia with 3

accessory spines near base of claw, and one other more basad, Sternum entire,

without trace of precoxal plates. Legs all shorter than body, I the longest and

strongest, 840, long, IT 5380p, TIL 5304, IV 670u; tarsi I elongate, 200, long by

90 high, ratio = 2-22; metatarsus I 150» long, ratio length tarsus I, metatarsus

I—1-33, Dorsal setae tapering, 25, anteriorly gradually increasing to 90z.

Colour in life reddish.

ScHONGASTIA (SCHONGASTIA) OCULICOLA sp, 2,

Plate 103, fig, G—L.

Description of Nymph, More elongate but otherwise of typical Trombicu-

lid facies. Length of newly-emerged specimens to 580; width across propo-

dosomna 342, greater than across hysteromosa 260y. Crista linear 70» long,

with triangular sensillary area enclosing a dumb-bell shaped areola, and fur-

nished with filamentous sensillae, 75. long, basally with minute indistinct

barbs and distally with 8-10 long branches; sensillae bases 31p, apart; on each

side of the stem of the crista is a single long seta, nude or apparently nude.

Epistome not visible in preparations but with 1 ciliated seta (in one specimen

2 setae). Eyes entirely absent. Palpi stout; tibia with strong claw flanked at

384 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

its base by two accessory spines which are almost as large, long and strong ay

the claw; a third strong spine midway between base of claw and articulation of

tibia; chelicerae with fine inner serrations. Legs I the longest and strongest, 350g

long, IT 2204, TTI 220u, IV 260; tarsi I 91» long by 45-5, high, metatarsi I

45+5u long. Sternum entire; uo precoxal plates. Dorsal setae uniform, 20-22,

long, tapering with few long outstanding setules. Genital discs 2 pairs.

Remarks. The above description is from 4 specimens reared by Mr, §. H.

Jayewickreme from larvae from the conjunctival sacs of Leggada booduga ful-

vidiventris from Nalanda, Ceylon, July 1944. The correlation was checked

against recovered larval pelts.

ScHineastia (AscoscHONGASTIA) MALAYENSIS (Gater 1932).

Neoschéngastia malayensis Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heas-

lip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 5S. Austr., 67, (1), (as larvae).

Plate 104, fig. GJ.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Colour in life ?

Length to 416», width across propodosoma 260p, across hysteromosa 286,.

Crista linear, 84. long, with subposterior triangular sensillary area with the

apex posteriad; sensillae to 56% long with outstanding ciliations for the whole

length, and the bases 42» apart; epistome rounded conical, dentate with seta

16p long. Eyes absent. Chelicerae with finely serrate dorsal edge, 'Palpi

fairly stout ; tibia with single claw and two strong accessory spines at base. Legs :

I stronger than rest to 325, long, IT 234y, TIT 234y, IV 260.; claws normal;

precoxal plates absent; tarsus I 70x long by 42 high, metatarsus I 61-6.

long. Dorsal setae uniform, 16» long, tapering, with outstanding setules. Geni-

tal dises 2 + 2,

Toc. Reared by Dr. Audy and his colleagues from larvae on Ratius canus

from Kepong Forest Reserve, and Bk. Langan, Selangor, F.M.8., March, 1950,

Remarks, As with other species of the genus, 8, (A.) malayensis in the

nymph can only be separated on somewhat intangible features ag in the key.

ScHonaastia (AscoscHONGASsTIA) LANTUS (Radford 1946).

Neoschéngastia lanius Radford 1946, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 116, (2), 262,

fig. 23-24 (as larvae).

Plate 102, fig. M-P.

Description of Nymph. Unfed, length to 7804, width across propodosoma

383u, across hysterosoma 4124. Colour in life ? Crista elongate, 118. long

with subposterior, laterally rounded, sensillary area; with SB 32p and sen-

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScruB TYPHUS MITES 385

sillae yery thin basally then thickening until near the tip where they taper to a

point, to 100, long and furnished with short sparse ciliations; epistome more

or less conical, very indistinct and dentate, epistomal seta 224 long. Eyes

absent. Chelicerae finely serrate on inner margin, Palpi as figured, with 2

accessory strong spines at base of claw and a strong seta on outer side; the

tip of the palpal tarsus with a nude S-shaped seta, and the sensory rod on the

outer side unusually long. Legs I 486, long, II 284, III 3124 IV 355,; tarsi I

1024 long by 48, high, metatarsi I 64. Dorsal setae pectinate, short, poster-

iorly to 234, with sparse strong ciliations.

Remarks. A number of nymphs have been reated by Mr. K. L. Cockings,

from larvae identified as lanius Radford and the identification checked against

the recovered laryal pelt, The larvae were from Ratius raitus brunneusculus

from Imphal, Burma, 1945.

Scuénasstia (Ascoscniineastta) Komust (Philip and Woodward 1946),

Neoschéngastia kohlsi Philip and Woodward 1946, Amer. J. Trop. Med., 26,

(2), 159, fig. B. and D. (as larvae).

Plate 101, fig, A-E.

As reported im the Larval Section of this paper, the larvae of this species

is common in the Imphal district of Burma, and I am indebted to Lt.-Col. J. R.

Audy and his colleague, K. L. Cockings, for the opportunity of describing here

the nymph, a number of specimens of which Mr, Cockings was successful in

rearing. As with other groups of Trombiculidae the specific characters of the

nymphs (and adults) are anything but easy to determine. It is believed, how-

ever, that this and other species may be separated as in the key.

Description of Nymph. Facies as in typical Trombicula, Colour in life ?

Length (newly emerged) 7802; width across propodosoma 385, across hystero-

soma 3974. Crista elongate, length excluding epistome 96,2, with epistome

118; with typical shape of sensillary area, with SB 22y, and sensillae 70

Jong, broadened and lanceolate from ca. one-quarter trom base, and tapering to a

point apically and with short barbs basally ana longer, but short ciliations on

body. Epistome rounded conical, dentate, with one seta 18 long. Byes

absent, Chelicerae with finely serrate inner margin. Palpi normal, tibia with

two strong accessory stout spines at base of claw, and another strong spine on

outer surface; tarsi with only 1 nude apical spme, and the sensory rod on

outer surface longer than usual. Jegs I longer and stronger than rest, 397p,

II 280,, TIT 2804, TV 355,; tarsi I 112 long by 58» high, metatarsi I 64. long.

and not more than half the height of tarsi wide. Dorsal setae uniform, pectin-

ate as figured with strong setules, to 20u long posteriorly,

386 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Scuéneastia (AscoscHONGASTIA) MUTABILis (Gater 1932).

Neoschingastia mutabilis Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; Womersley and Heaslip

1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 5S. Austr., 67, (1), 121, pl. VHL, fig. 5 (as larvae).

Plate 103, fig. A-F,

This species is so far only known from a single nymph reared by Mr. K. L.

Cockings from what was thought to be a larva of lanius Radford, and from a

rat from Imphal, 22/12/1945. The pelt, as far as the scutum and palpal setae

are seen, appears to be that of 8, (A.) mutabilis (Gater), and the nymph as

in the following deseription is very different from a number of other reared

nymphs from lanius larvae.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Length 6404; width

across propodosoma 326y, across hysterosoma 355p. Crista elongate with sub-

posterior sensillary area, length excluding epistome 86p, with epistome 112,;

epistome rounded-conical with 1 ciliated seta 25, long, and dentate margin;

sensillae thick with parallel sides, short barbs basally and long setules distally,

to 80» long and bases 32 apart. Eyes absent. Chelicerae with finely serrate

inner margin. Palpi with 2 strong accessory spines or claws at base of claw,

and a nude spine on outer surface; sensory rod on outer surface of tarsi rather

long, apical spine single. Dorsal setae of two forms, shorter anterior setae

25u long, with strong setules and ending in a long fine setule, about, one-fifth

of total length. Genital dises two pairs. Legs I longer and stronger than

rest, 360u, IT 255p, IIT 255u, [V 310,.; tarsi I 994 long by 57» high, metatarsi I

61 long.

ScuoéneastiA (AscoscHONGASTIA) AUDYI sp. 1.

Plate 105, fig. F-I.

Description of Nymph. O€£ typical Trombicula facies. Length to 405,,;

width across propodosoma to 195,, across hysterosoma to 260n. Crista elon-

gate, 70 long, with subposterior, roughly triangular sensillary area, with paired

narrowly clavate or lanceolate sensillae furnished with short setules; sensillae

bases 28, apart. Epistome probably rounded-conical and dentate; epistomal

seta 20p long. Eyes absent. Chelicerae serrate on inner edge. Palpi small,

tibia with simple claw and two accessory spines at base of tlaw. Dorsal setae

short and rather sparse, mainly 15, long, but on extreme posterior to 25,;

with rather prominent outstanding setules. Leg I longer and stronger than

rest, 3054 long, IT and III 175p, IV 227p; tarsi I as figured, 70p long by 33

high; metatarsi I 42» long and as high as tarsi I. No precoxal plates on leg I,

but sternum enclosed pesteriorly. Genital dises 2 pairs,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIc SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 387

Loe. Described from 6 nymphs reared by Mr, K. L, Cockings in Malaya,

from larvae from Calloscturus nigrovittatus and C. notatus, from Bukit Lagong

Forest Reserve, Kepong, Malaya 1950. The nymphs were correlated with the

larval pelts.

Remarks. Can be distinguished from other nymphal species as in the key.

ScHéneastta (Scuo6nGAstraA) viera Gater 1932,

Schéngastia wieta Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 154; Womersley and Heaslip

1948, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 67, (1), 103; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947,

Das Tierreich, 71b, 808. (As larvae).

Plate 105, fig. A-E.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Length 360.; width

across propodosoma 208,, across. hysterosoma 266,. Crista elongate, to 98,

(exel, epistome) with subposterior, roughly triangular sensillary area; with

paired long and apparently entirely nude sensillae to 112, long, their bases

364 apart. Epistome rounded-conical, dentate, with epistomal seta 56 long.

Byes absent. Chelicerae with finely serrate inner edge. Palpi with simple

tibial claw and two accessory spines at its base. Dorsal setae gradually increas-

ing in length posteriorly to 56» long, not very tapering, with long outstanding

setules. Less I longer and stronger than the rest, to 312u, IT and IIT 195,,

TV 260z; tarsi I ovoid, 78-4y long by 47-6 high; metatarsi I 44-8, long.

Sternum entire, with no precoxal plates on leg I.

Loc, Described from two nymphs reared by Mr. K. L, Cockings of the Bri-

tish Serub typhus Research Team in Malaya from larvae from Rattus r. diards

from Kuching, Sarawak, 1950. The nymphs were correlated with the larval

pelts.

Remarks. As with most species, the nymphs can only be separated from

others on very intangible characters as in the tentative key given here.

ScHGnaastta (AscoscHONGASTIA) NADCHATRAMI Sp, n.

Plate 114, fig. D-F.

Description of Nymph. OF typical Trombicula facies. Length to 804,,

width across propodosoma 402, across hysterosoma 469p. Crista elongate 196.

including epistome, with subposterior sensillary area, sensillae bases 60p apart;

sensillae 1004, ciliated distally; epistome dentate and rounded-conical with

one ciliated seta. Eyes absent. Chelicerae finely serrate on inner margin.

Palpi normal, with single tibial claw and a pair of accessory spines at base of

claw. Dorsal setae thickly disposed, gradually lengthening from 23» anteriorly

388 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

to 50 posteriorly, with strong ciliations. Legg: I longer and stronger than the

rest, to 777, II 536m, III 536h, IV 6022; tarsi I elongate oval, 161, long by

$7p high, metatarsi I 137% long; no precoxal plates.

Loc. Two nymphs reared by Mr. Nadchatram of the Scrub Typhus Re-

search Unit, 1.M.R. Kuala Lumpur from larvae from Rattus sabanus from Ulu

Langat, F.R, Selangor, 1950. The nymphs were checked against the larval

pelts.

Genus NEOSCHONGASTIA Ewing 1929.

Neoschéngastia Ewing 1929, A Manual of External Parasites, 1857; Wharton

and Hardcastle 1946, J. Parasitol., 32, (3), 286-322.

Paraschéngastia Womersley 1939, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 63, 165,

Genotype Schéngastia americana Hirst 1921.

Ewing erected this genus for those larval species of Schdngastia in which

the chelicerae did not possess teeth on the dorsal (Inner) margin. In 1939 the

genus Paraschéngastia Womersley was separated off for certain species in which

there was a distinct ridge om the dorsal scutum anterior of the sensillae, The

type of this genus was Néoschéngastia yeomansi Gunther 1939. It has since

been shown, however, that V. yeomansi and N. américana are congeneriec, and

therefore Paraschéngastia is synonymous with Neeschéngastia. For the

remainder of the species in Ewing’s Neoschéngastia the generic name of Asco-

schéngastia hag been assigued (Ewing 1946).

The adult or nymphal stages remained unknown until Wharton and Hard-

eagtle 1946, described the nymphs of two species from Guam and Okinawa in

the Western Pacific. One of these, Neoschéngastia carveri Wharton and Hard-

eastle, was reared from larvae definitely determined as the same species. The

second one, however, is as yet specifically uncertain as the authors had larvae of

both N. americana selomonts Wharton and Hardcastle and N. monticola Whar-

ton and Hardcastle, in the rearing tubes.

A. third species of which the nymphs are known is Neoschéngastia galline

arum (Kawamura and Yamaguchi 1921) from Formosa (Hatori) and Feder-

ated Malay States (Fletcher, Lesslar and Lewthwaite).

A diagnosis of the genus based on the nymphal stages is as follows, after

Wharton and Hardcastle 1946:

Dagnosis of Genus. Nymph. With the facies of Trombicula. Sensillary

area entire, not divided into sections by longitudinal ridges, and reniform with

the hilus directed anteriorly. Striae extending over sensillary area. No eyes.

Six setae on palpal segment IV. Two types of opisthosomal body setae, a long

and a short, Pseudostigmatic organs or sensillae spathulate, although at times

almost filiform.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 389

Key to the Known Nymphal Species.

1. Sensillae whip-like with thicker stem and fine filamentous lash, nude

except for indistinct and sparse barbs on stem. Apex of sensillary

area truncate. Epistome with 5 strong broad teeth and 2 setae.

Palpal tarsus short, broader and truncate apically. Dorsal setae of

two lengths, 27 and 50p.

Neoschéngastia carveri Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

Sensillae narrowly or more widely spathulate with long or short

ciliations Se Pe 13 ts 13 its 63 ze a4

Sensillae very narrowly spathulate, with long ciliations. ‘Posterior

apex of sensillary area pointed. Epistome with 7 teeth and 1 seta.

Palpal tarsus of norma] shape. Dorsal setae of two lengths 20~-23y

and 50-70p.

Neoschéngastia sp. (either americana solomenis Wh. and He. 1946, or

monticola Wh, and Hie. 1946.

Sensillae broadly spathulate or clavate, with short ciliations. Pos-

terior apex of sensillary area pointed. Epistome rounded and den-

tate. Dorsal setae of two kinds, mainly tapering to 16-20p but inter-

spersed posteriorly with uniformly thick setae to 45,.

Neoschéngastia gallinarum (Hatori 1920).

N&OSCHONGASTIA CARVERT Wharton and Hardeastle 1946.

J. Parasitology, 1946, 32, (3), 313.

Plate 106, fic. yl.

Description of Nymph (after Wharton and Hardeastle). Shape not quite

typical of Trombicula in the unique specimen as the shoulders were indistinct.

Length 8502; width across propedosoma 370y, across hysterosoma 350n. Body

thickly clothed with ciliated setae, and integument between setal bases striated,

Crista with somewhat reniform sensillary area with hilus directed anteriorly;

epistome with 7 strong teeth and two ciliated setae; sensillae 37» apart, and

ca. 100, Jong, filamentous, thicker on basal third and with a few minute barbs,

distal two-thirds lash-like; auticle over sensillary area folded and striate, Byes

absent. Palpi short and stout; genu wider than long; tibia with two accessory

spines at base of claw; tarsus short, truncate and widest apically. Chelicerae

serrated on inner (dorsal) edge. Legs I the longest; tarsus I 147p long by 50,

wide; metatarsus I 67» long, Dorsal setae of three types; the anterior setae

finer than posterior setae which are either long, 50p, or short, 27p, arising from

papillae, and tapering with short ciliations. Genitalia with 2 pairs of dises,

the anterior pair being oval and longer than the posterior pair.

390 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Loc. Only known from a single nymph reared from larvae from a reef

heron Demigretta sacra from Port Ayayan, Guam, July 17, 1945, by R. K-

Carver. The larval skin was identified and so correlated with the nymph.

(Wharton and Hardcastle 1946).

. NeoscHonaastia sp. Wharton and Hardcastle 1946.

J. Parasitology, 1946, 82, (3), 320.

Plate 106, fig. J-M.

Description of Nymph (after Wharton and Hardeastle 1946). Shape as in

typical Trombtcula, Length 670-710.; width across propodosoma 300-390z,,

across hysterosoma 340-390y. Body thickly clothed with ciliated setae. Integn-

ment posteriorly with dises from which the setae arise, with striations between.

Crista with reniform, striated sensillary area, the posterior angle of which is

pointed; sensillae short, 60. approximately, lightly spathulate and with long

fine ciliations; their bases 37-43» apart. Eyes absent. Epistome with 5 strong

teeth and 1 seta. Chelicerae with the inner (dorsal) edge finely serrated.

Palpi stout, genu about as long as wide, tibia with two strong accessory spines

at base of claw; tarsus of normal shape and length, Legs all shorter than

body, I the longest; tarsi I 120-133, long by 50p-60x wide, metatarsus I 77p —

to 96. long. Dorsal setae arising from discs, of two types, from 50~70u lone

and from 20-23 long, stouter and blunter than in carveri, thickly furnished

with short ciliations. Genitalia with two pairs of subcircular discs.

Loc. Krom larvae on a rock thrush, Monticola solitarius from Okinawa,

16 June, 1945. As the authors had two species of larvae, Neoschéngastia ameri-

cang, solomonis Wharton and Hardcastle, and Neoschdngasiia monticola Wharton

and Hardcastle in the rearing tube from which nymphs were obtained, they were

unfortunately unable to assign the nymphs to either one of these species.

NeroscHONGASTIA GALLINARUM (Hatori 1920).

Trombicula gallimarwn. Hatori 1920, Taiwan Igakkai, No. 209, pl. II, fiz. 1-6

(larvae); Kawamura and Yamaguchi 1921, Kitasato Archiv. Exper. Med.,

4, 169; Pletcher, Lesslar and Lewthwaite 1928, Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop-

Med. and Hyg., 22, 161.

Neoschéngastia gallinarum, Sugimoto 1936, J. Jap. Soc. Vet. Sei., 15, 201;

Wharton and Hardcastle 1946, J. Parasitol., 32, (3), 292.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 391

Paraschéngastia gallinarum, Womersley and Heasltp 1943, Tr, Roy. Soc. 8.

Austr., 67, (1), 180.

Plate 106, fig. A—D.

The nymph of this species was originally reared by Kawamura and Yama-

guchi from Formosan material. They did not very adequately describe it,

although they gave certain data in tabular form, and fairly good figures of the

crista, palpi, ete. The unusual clavate sensillae were particularly drawn atten-

tion to.

Apart from the reference the nymph does not appear to have been observed,

or at least, referred to by later workers.

The larvae have been reported from Malaya, from fowls, as were Hatori’s

Formosan material.

Recently Dr, J. R, Audy at my request, kindly undertook to relocate this

species in Malaya, and was successful in finding it on domestic fowls, in the

I.M.R. compound at Kuala Lumpur.

From these larvae Audy has successfully reared a nymph, which he has

sent on to me for study.

In the few features mentioned by Kawamura and Yamaguchi, this speci-

men fully agrees with their description and figures. It is to be noted that it

is only a few setae posteriorly on the dorsum which reach 42—45, in length,

most of the dorsal setae ave from 16-20 long and more tapering.

A re-deseription from the nymph examined is as follows:

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies, with a marked con-

striction between propodosoma and hysterosoma. Length 650,, width across

propodosoma 325, across hysterosoma 3850p. Crista short and linear with a

posterior triangular sensillary area with paired, clavate, setulose sensillae 45p

long by 8 wide, with their bases 34, apart; length of crista, excluding epis-

tome, 78; epistome rounded-conical with dentate margin and one seta to 16n

long. Eyes absent. Palpi moderately slender, tibia with curved claw and

+wo stout spines at base of claw. Chelicerae with finely serrate inner (dorsal)

edge. Dorsal setae rather sparse, of two kinds, mainly tapering to 16-20,

long, with outstanding setules, but posteriorly interspersed with uniformly

thick setae, to 42-451 long, and with outstanding setules. Legs all shorter

than body, I 3384, IL 235p, IIT 208p, IV 2835p; tarsi I 84 long by 39, high,

metatarsi I 52y long. Genitalia with two pairs of ventral dises.

392 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MUSEUM

Subfamily GAHRLIEPIINAE nom. nov,

for Walchiinae Ewing 1946, J. Parasitol., 32, (5), 435-440.

The subfamily Walchiinae was raised by Ewing for the genera Walchia

Bwing 1931, Gahrliepia Ouds., 1912, Schéngastiella Hirst 1915 and Gateria

Ewing 1938 on larval characteristics only, the adult or nymphal stages being

then unknown. His diagnosis was as follows:

‘Piercing part of chelicerae blade-like, wpcurved, without a row of dorsal

teeth and extending beyond apex of basal cheliceral segment, Tracheae and

spiracles absent. Dorsal plate without median or submedian seta, frequently

extending backward over part of dorsum of abdomen and bearing one or more

pairs of dorsal abdominal setae. Psendostigmatic organs not simple setae but

modified into true sensillae. Abdomen frequently constricted near middle, but

never with a pair of postero-dorsal plates. Legs rather short; tarsi three-

clawed, but one or two claws frequently much reduced.’’

In 1943, Womersley and Heaslip did not recognize the genera Schéngas-

tiella and Gateria as distinct from Gohrliepia. In the present paper, the

nymphs of species belonging to both Walchia and Schingastiella are described

for the first time, In addition, although the larvae have not been specifically

determined, I have seen the mymphs of at least two species of Gateria from

Burma collected by the American team during the war.

All the above nymphs are very closely allied, only differing specifically in

the details of the dorsal setae and the sensillae. They all agree, however,

in possessing on the front tarsi, a peculiar subapical dorsal stump-like process,

not found in any other group of the Trombiculidue. This feature is to be

regarded as distinguishing in the nympha! (and probably also the adult) stage

the subfamily Gahrliepiinae from the Trombieulinae, while as no other charac-

ters can be found to separate the nymphs of Walchia, Gahrliepia, Schingastiella

and Guteria, these should be considered as synonymous, or at most, but sub-

genera on the characters of the larval seuntum. Thus the subfamily Gahrlie-

piinae will contain only the genus Gahrliepia Ouds. 1912 with Typhlothrom-

bium. manus Ouds. 1910 as genotype.

1As the type genus of Ewing's subfamily is here considered us being congeneric and

synonymous with Gahrhepia Ouds. 1912, it becomes necessary under Art. 5 of the International

Rules of Zoological Nomenclature to thanye the subfamily name.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 393

Genus GAHRLTEPIA Ouds. 1912.

Ent, Ber, 1912, 5, 237; Zool. Jahrb,, Suppl. 14, 1912.

Genotype Typhlothrombidium nanus Ouds, 1910 (Larva),

(Including Gahrliepia Ouds, 1912. Entom. Ber, Ned. Ent. Ver. 5, nom. nov.

for Typhlothrombium Ouds. 1910, Ent. Ber. Ned. Ent, Ver. 3, 102, preoc.;

Schéngastiella Hirst 1915, Bull, Ent, Res., 6, 183; Gateria Ewing 1938,

J. Wash. Acad. Sei., 28, (6), 295; Gahrliema Womersley and Heaslip

1948, Tr. Roy. Soe. 8. Austr., 67, (1), 186; Walchia Ewing 1931, Proc.

U.S. Nat. Mus., 80, (8), 10; Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc.

8, Austr., 67, (1), 134),

Diagnosis af Genus from Nymph. Shape typical of Trombicula. Crista

linear, with widely transverse dumb-bell like sensillary area and paired fila-

mentous sensillae. Eyes absent. Palpal tibia with 2 accessory spines at base of

elaw. No precoxal plates. Sternum entire. Epistome rounded, denticulate,

with 1 seta. Tarsi of leg I with a characteristic slump-like process dorsally and

subapically. :

Nymphal Genotype Schéngastiella disparunguis Ouds, 1929.

Key to the Known Species of Nymphs.

1. Sensillae with fairly long to long ciliations for the whole or pee of

their length .. ‘

Sensillae with only atiort citations

. Sensillae with only short barbs on the basal fifth, and then long out-

standing ciliations. Dorsal setae graduating from 16 long anter-

iorly to 32y posteriorly. Tarsi of leg I half as long again as high, and

half as long again as metatarsi.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) disparunguts Ouds. 1929.

Sensillae with only fairly long ciliations for their whole length.

Dorsal setae to 281 long posteriorly. Tarsi and metatarsi of leg I of

about the same proportions as above.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) lewthwaiter Gater 1932.

Sensillae with short barbs on basal half, and then long stiff setules.

Dorsal setae to 304 long posteriorly. Tarsi of leg I two-fifths as long

again as high, and half as long again as metatarsi.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) rustica Gater 1932.

8. Dorsal setae of two distinct sizes, 14h long anteriorly and to 35y pos-

teriorly, stout, with strong setules. Tarsi half as long again as high,

and half as long again as metatarsi.

Gahrliepia (Schéngastiella) aeilonice sp. 1.

Dorsal setae gradually increasing in length posteriorly

os bo

394 RECORDS OF THE. S.A. MUSEUM

4. Dorsal setae posteriorly to 644 long, thick with strong setules. Sen-

sillae barbed on basal third then with short ciliations. Tarsi I 1-6

times as long as high and slightly more than this longer than meta-

tarsi. Gahrliepia (Schéngastiella) ligula (Radford 1946).

Dorsal setae more slender .. .. os 5

5. Sensillae slightly lanceolate, being wider “medially ‘at basally, with

short ciliations. Dorsal setae to 30x. Tarsi I 1-4 times as long as

high, and 1-5 times as long as metatarsi.

Gahrliema (Walchia) enode (Gater 1932).

Sensillae not so, filamentous ah “ F . s rte 6

6. Sensillae rather thick, with short ciliations on basal half sé ASugthenkik

distally, Dorsal setae from 20 to 25 long, tapering, with outstanding

setules. Tarsi I 1:6 times as long as high and as long as metatarsi.

Gahrhiepia (Schdngastiella) punctata (Radford 1946).

Sensillae rather thick, basal third with barbs, distally with longer

eiliations. Dorsal setae posteriorly te 30» long. Tarsi I 1-8 times as

long as high, and 1-8 times as long as metatarsi.

Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) ciliata Gater 1932.

Sensillae rather thick, but tapering, barbed on basal third, then with

Jong ciliations. Dorsal setae posteriorly to 242 long, curved, with

strong setules. Tarsi I 1:4 times as long as high and 1-68 times as

long as metatarsi. Gahrhiepia (Gahrliepia) ornata sp. n-

Sensillae fine, with short ciliations. Dorsal setae to 324 long, with

outstanding setules. Tarsi I 1:5 times as long as high, and 1-65 times

as long as metatarsi. Gahrliepia (Gateria) hirsuta (Radford 1946) .

Ganrirep1s (WALCHIA) pIspARUNGUIs (Oudemans 1929).

Sehéngasttella disparunguis Ouds. 1929, Ent. Ber., 17, (165), 398.

Walchia disparungwis, Womersley 1944, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 68, (1), 101.

Plate 107, fig. I-M,

Description of Nymph. Shape as in typical Trombicwle. Colour in life

whitish. Length to 450,; width across propodosoma 270g, across hysterosoma

300n, Crista linear, 56. long, rather indistinct apically ; epistome rounded with

denticulations and 1 seta; sensillary area widely transverse, 65y, with a short

posterior apex, and paired filamentous sensillae with short ciliations basally,

longer distally, to 90» long and their bases 544 apart. Byes absent. Chelicerae

with fine serrations on inner margin. Palpi rather slender, tibia with 2 strong

spines at base of claw. Legs rather short, I the longest and strongest and 300,

long, IT 210p, ITT 210u, [V 270u;tarsi I ovoid, 75, long by 54 high, meta-

tarsus I 54, long; tarsi I provided dorso-apically with a characteristic short

398 RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Length 420,;

width across propedosoma 227», across hysterosoma 256». Crista short, length

51p, epistome not discernible, sensillary area wider than anterior arm of crista,

is long, and with sensillae bases 41pn apart; sensillae short, 64y, strongly but

shortly ciliated and lightly thickened in middle three fourths, Chelicerae with

inner edge finely serrate. Eyes absent. Palpal claw with 2 accessory spines at

base, apparently no nude seta or spine on outer surface; tarsi with I apical

nude seta. Legs I longer and stronger than rest, 3262, II 213», TIT 255,,

IV 2804; tarsi I with the dorsal] and subapical process characteristic of the

subfamily, 73, long by 5lp high, metatarsi I 48. long. Dorsal setae to 30n

long, with long setules as figured, Genital discs two pairs.

Remarks. Larvae from 2. r. brunneusculus from Imphal, Manipur State,

India, Nov. 15, 1945.

Ganrumem (GaTeRI4) HirsUTA (Radford 1946).

Gateria. hirsuta Radford 1946, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 116, (2), 249 (as

larvae).

Plate 109, fig. D-H.

A single nymph of this species has been sent to me for study by Lt.-Col.

Audy, which was reared by Mr. K. L, Cockings and the recovered pelt. deter-

mined as. a typical hirsuta Radford.

As with other species of Walchta, Gateria, and Schéngastiella, the nymph

cannot be separated generically from Gohrliepia and all are characterized by

the peculiar process on tarsus I.

Description of Nymph. Facies of typical Trombicula. Length (newly

emerged) 497; width across propodosoma 241p, across hysterosoma 256,.

Crista short, 48. long, epistome indiscernible, sensillary area. wider than arm

of crista, with SB 40» apart; seusillae filamentous, 80% long, with short barbs

basally and short ciliations distally. Eyes absent. Palpal claw with two

accessory stout spines at base, and no outer spine on tibia; tarsiis with only 1

nude apical spine. Legs I longer and stronger than rest, 3404, IT 170n, III 180z,

IV 212u; tarsi I short and stout, 80. long by 44, high, with a short dorso-

apical blunt: process; metatarsi I 48, long. Dorsal setae stout with strong

aetules, to 30% long, setules not as numerous as in enode. Genital discs two

pairs.

Loc. and Host. The larvae from which the above nymphs was reared was

taken from a rat, at Imphal, Manipur State, India, 17 Dee., 1945 (K. L. Cock-

ings).

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC. SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 395

elaviform process; tarsi I and II with many long slightly curved ;sensory rods

as well ag the ciliated setae. Tarsal claws unequal. Dorsal setae uniform,

with long outstanding ciliations, from 16. anteriorly to 304 posteriorly and

arising from closely adjacent. platelets.

Loc. Described from type and two paratype nymphs reared from engorged

larvae from rats from Dobodura, New Guinea, 6 June, 1944 (No. 385), by

Major G. M; Kohls,

GAHRLIEPIA (SCHONGASTIELLA) PuNcTATA (Radford 1946).

Schéngastiella punctata Radford 1946, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 116, (2), as

larvae.

For further larval synonymy see Larval Section.

Plate 108, fig. K-O.

This species from Manipur State, India, has hitherto only been known from

the larvae.

I have now been priviliged to study a number of nymphs reared from

larvae in Ceylon by Mr, 8S. H. Jayewickreme. The nymph is here described

and figured.

In 1943 Womersley and Heaslip suggested that. the laryal genera Schén-

gastiella. Hirst and Gateria Ewing could not be generically separated from Gahr-

liepia Oudemanis, on the basis of the number and arrangement of accessory setae

on the scutum, as had been done by Ewing.

In the present paper has been described the nymph of a species of Gahr-

liepia (W. disparwnguis (Ouds.)), and the genus defined for the nymphal

and probably the adult stage by the strueture of the crista, absence of eyes,

and particularly by the presence of a peculiar stump-like process dorsal and

subapical on the front tarsus. In the nymphs of Schongastiella punctate

described below, as well as in the nymphs of other species of Gahrliepia,

Gateria and Walchia described later, they are also to be found. It appears then,

that not only are the characters used to separate these genera in the larvae un-

sound, but that they cannot be separated generically at all in the later stages.

These genera must therefore he regarded as synonymous with, or at most only as

subgenera of, Gahrliepia, on larval features,

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies, Colour (in spirit)

whitish. Length (of new emerged unfed nymph) 580,; width across propodo-

soma 325n, across hysterosoma 3504, Crista short, linear, 70, with broad sen-

396 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

sillary area; sensillae rather thicker medially, 544 long, basal third with minute

barbs, then with strong, moderately long ciliations. Sensillae bases 45u apart.

Eyes absent. Epistome conical-trianglar, denticulate, with 1 seta, Chelicerae

normal, inner edge finely serrated. Palpi rather slender; tibia with 2 acces-

sory strong spines at base of claw. Legs I longer and stronger than the rest,

8325p, IL 2402, LIT 227p, TV 292n; tarsi I 784 long by 50 high with subapical

dorsal stump, metatarsi 504 long. No distinctly defined sternum and no pre-

eoxal plates. Dorsal setae uniform, short, 20-25y, tapering with outstanding

setules, and on conspicuous papillae. Genital discs 2 pairs.

Remarks, Described from 4 nymphs bred from larvae from around the

vibrisae of Millardia meltada meltada, Embilipitiya, Ceylon, Jan. 1945 (2

specimens), and from same habitat on Bandicota malabarica, Nalanda, Ceylon,

July, 1944 (2 specimens).

GAnHELIEPIA (WaLcHia) RUSTICA Gater 1932,

Gahrhiepia rustica Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24, 167.

Waichia rustica, Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr., 67,

(1), 186; Sig Thor and Willmann 1947, as Tierreich, 71b, 337 (as

larvae).

Plate 107, fig, A-D.

Description of Nymph, Of typical Trombieula facies. Colour in life ?

Length 338,, width across propodosoma 160, across hysterosoma 1824. Crista

linear as figured, 44-8» long, sensory area dumb-bell shaped, as broad as entire

length of crista and with only shallow posterior angle; sensillae very long, 88,

with short ciliations on basal half and long outstanding ciliations distally;

epistome and epistomal setae not seen. Hyes absent, Chelicerae with finely

serrate inner edge. Palpi normal, tibia with single claw and two stout spines

at base of claw. Legs, I stronger than others, to 3124 long, II 195, IIT 182,,

IV 221; tarsi T 70 long by 50-4» high and furnished with the subapical dorsal

stump-like process characteristic, of the genus; metatarsi I 47‘6p long. Dorsal

setae uniform, fairly long to 3830p, tapering with strong outstanding setules.

Genital dises 2 + 2.

Loc. Described from some half-dozen nymphs sent to me by Dr. J. RB.

Audy and reared from larvae from Rattus r. jarak from Palau Jarak Is., in

Malacca Straits; 26 Jan., 1950.

Remarks, Distinguished as m the key.

WoOMERSLEY —ASIATIC-PACIFIC. SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 397

GAHRLIEPIA (WALCHIA) LEWTHWAITEL (Gater 1932),

Watlchia lewthwaite: Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24 (larvae).

Plate 107, fig. E-H.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicwa facies. Length 450u; width

across propodosoma 227, across hysterosoma 292x. Crista linear and short

with wide subposterior sensillary area with a short angular posterior apex;

total length of crista 564, SB 48; sensillae 84. long with short ciliations in

basal fourth, longer in remainder. Eyes absent. Chelicerae with finely’ ser-

rated inner (dorsal) edge. Palpi fairly slender and normal, tibia with slender

claw, and two accessory spines at its base. Legs, I the longest and thicker

than the rest, to 2924 long, IT 208», TIT 208%, IV 260; tarsi I short and

broad, 64-4» long by 42:0» high, metatarsi I 44:8» long, and not as high as

tarsi; tarsi I furnished with the dorso-apical stumpy process of the genus.

Dorsal setae moderately sparse, tapering, to 28 long posteriorly, and with

outstanding setules.

Loc. Described from the type nymph and 6 paratypes reared from speci-

mens on R. whiteheads and R. mulleri from edge of Menyala Forest Reserve,

near Port Dickson, F.M.LS., 21 Oct. 1949. The nymphs emerged 31 Oct. and

1st Nov., 1949.

Remarks. It does not seem possible to satisfactorily separate the nymph of

this species from those of disparunguis in a key. It is very similar in dimen-

sions of tarsi and metatarsi I but the dorsal setae are shorter and more uniform

in length,

The nymphs were reared by Mr. K. L. Cockings and checked against the

recovered pelts. I am indebted to Dr, J. R. Audy and Mr. Cockings for the

material from which the nymphal stage is described.

GAHRLIEPIA (WALCHIA) ENOpE (Gater 1932).

Walchia enode Gater 1932, Parasitology, 24; enodis Womersley and Heaslip

1943, Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 67, (1), 135 (as larvae).

Plate 108, fig. A-E.

This species has been reared to the nymph by Mr. K. L. Cockings from

Imphal material and I am indebted to Lt.-Col. Audy for the opportunity of

studying this material and describing the nymphal stage.

The nymphs were correlated with the cast larval pelts,

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PacIFIc ScRuB TYPHUS MITES 399

GauEumpia (SCHONGASTIELLA) LIGULA (Radford 1946),

Schongastiella ligula Radford 1946, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 116, (2), 256 (as

larvae).

Plate 108, fig. F-J.

This species is common in the region of Imphal, India, and Mr. K. L.

Cockings has successfully reared a number of specimens through to the nymph,

and checked the identification with the recovered larval pelts. J am indebted

to Lt.-Col. Audy for the opportunity of examining and describing these

nymphs.

Description of Nymph. Facies of typical Trombicula form. Length 400%;

width across propodosoma 2144; across hysterosoma 242». Crista short, 57»;

epistome and seta indiscernible; sensillary area wide, with SB 57 apart, and

sensillae 120u long, filamentous with short ciliations. Hyes absent. Chelicerae

with finely serrate inner edge. Palpal tibia with two accessory stout spines at

base of claw; no nude seta on outer surface; tarsi with a single nude spine at

tip. Dorsal setae pectinate with strong setules, from 30, long anteriorly to

60» posteriorly. Legs I longer and stronger than rest, 312x, Hf 185,, TIT 171,,

IV 218,; tarsi I 80» long by 51p high, and furnished with the characteristic

dorso-apical stump-like process; metatarsi I 484 long. Genital discs two pairs.

GAHRLIEPIA (SCHGNGASTIELLA) CEYLONICA sp. n.

Plate 109, fig, A-C.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Colour in life

unknown, Length to 520% (newly emerged); width across propodosoma 260p,,

across hysterosoma 2204. Crista linear, 70» long, anterior arm short, sub:

posterior sensillary area wide, with sensillae bases 54. apart; sensillae long,

filamentous but moderately thick, with barbs on basal half and short. ciliations

distally; no specialized setae in front of sensillary area. Epistome rounded-

conical with denticulations and 1 ciliated seta. Eyes absent, Chelicerae with

finely serrate dorsal margin. Palpi fairly stout, tibia with 2 accessory spines

at. base of claw. Juegs I longer and stronger than rest, 3252 long, II 195y,

III 195p, IV 220n; tarsi I 78, long by 52 wide and provided with a subapical

dorsal stump-like process; metatarsi I 52 long. Dorsal setae stout, not much

tapering, and with numerous strong setules; of two sizes, anteriorly 14, long,

posteriorly to 3, long. Genital dises 2 pairs.

| Remarks. The above description is from one of four nymphs reared by

Mr. 8. H. Jayewickreme from larvae from the ears of Rattus r. kandyyanus

from Nalanda, Ceylon, May, 1944,

400 RECORDS OF THE 5.A. MUSEUM

Gauri (GanRumprm) curmtra Gater 1932.

1932 Parasitology, 24.

Plate 115, fig, A-C.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombiculg facies. Colour in life ?

Length 536%; width across propodosoma 268y, across hysterosoma 8335p. Crista

rather short but elongate, 60. long, with subposterior sensillary area; sensillae

bases 43y, apart; sensillae rather thick, to 82 long, basal third with short barbs,

distal part with longer ciliations; epistome difficult to see but apparently coni-

eal with one seta. Eyes absent. Inner edge of chelicerae finely serrate. Palpal

tibia with single claw and two accessory spines at base. Dorsal setae from 18p

long anteriorly to 30p posteriorly, rather straight with outstanding setules.

Legs: I 402, longer and stronger than the others, Il and IIT 228, IV 260,;

tarsi of leg I 90, long by 50, high, metatarsi I 5)p long; tarsi I furnished with

the usual dorsal apical stump-like process. Genital discs two pairs.

Loc, A single nymph; provisionally identified by Mr, Nadehatram as

cetrata Gater, but which is actually ciliata Gater, was reared by him from

larva from Rattus sabanus from Ulu Langat Forest Reserve, Selangor, F.M-S.,

12 Aug., 1950. The nymph was checked with the larval pelt,

Gauruiepra (GAHRLIEPIA) ORNATA Sp, 7.

Plate 115, fig. D-F.

Description of Nymph. Of typical Trombicula facies. Colour in life?

Length 4964; width across propodosoma 268 across hysterosoma 320u, Crista

rather short, 67, elongate, with subposterior sensillary area as figured; sen-

sillae bases 40% apart; sensillae rather thick but tapering to 844 long, with

short barbs on basal third then with long ciliations; epistome rather indistinct

but apparently conical and dentate with single ciliated seta, Eyes absent.

Chelicera with finely serrate inner edge. Palpi slender, tibia with simple

claw and two accessory spines at its base. Dorsal setae rather short, from 16y

long anteriorly to 24 posteriorly, tapering, curved and with strong setules.

Legs: I longer and stronger than rest, to 3835p, I] 228, IIT 228, IV 281,;

tarsi of leg I rather oval, 84, long by 60» wide, furnished with the usual sub-

apical subdorsal stump-like process of the genus; metatarsi I 50. long. Geni-

talia with two pairs of dises.

Loc. This very unusual larval species has been reared to the nymph by

Mr. Nadchatram of the Serub-typhus Research Unit from larvae on Rattus sp.

Ulu Langat Forest Reserve, Selangor, F.M.S., Sept., 1950.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 401

LIST OF SPECIBS

(Ineluding Appendix),

L, indicates known from larvae, N, from nymph, and A. from adult.

* Species known as adult or nymph from other than the Asiatic-Pacifie

Region.

Tragardhula acuscutellaris (Walch 1922), .N.A,

Tragardhula japonica (Tanaka 1930). LN.

Tragardhula tamiyat (Philip and Fuller 1950). L.

Tragardhula fujigmo (Philip and Fuller 1950). L,

Tragardhula nagayot (Sasa 1950). LL,

Tragardhula mitamurai (Sasa 1950), 1,

Tragardhula geckobia sp.n. LL.

Tragardhula pentagona sp.n. L,

Tragardhula gymnodactyla (Wom. and Kohls 1947). L.

Tragardhula velascoi (Boshell and Kerr 1942). * L.N.A.

Tragardhula attenuata (Michener 1946). * L.A.

Tragardhula alleer (Ewing 1926). * L.N.A.

Tragardhula nilotica (Ouds. 1904), * A.

Tragardhula peruaiana (Ewing 1926). * A,

Tpotrombicula elegans (Wom, 1942). A,

Speatrombicula trifurca (Ewing 1933). * A.

Trombicula (Trombicula) minor Berl. 1905. A.

Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) palpalis (Nagayo et al. 1919). L.

Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) keukenschrijveri. (Walch 1922). L.

Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) pallida (Nagayo et al, 1919). L.A.

Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) burnsi (Sasa 1950). LL.

Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) intermedia (Nagayo et al. 1919). L,

Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) fuji Kuwato et al, 1950). L.

Trombicula (% Leptotrombidium) lanceolata sp. n., Lawrence in MS. LL.

Trombicula (% Leptotrombidium) parapalpalis sp. n. L.

Trombicula (?Leptotrombidium) macacus sp. n., Lawrence in MS. L.

Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) puta sp. n. L,

Tromhicula (? Leptotrombidium) duaz sp.n. Tu.

Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) scutellaris (Nagayo et al. 1920). L,

Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) deliensis (Walch 1922). Tu.N.A.

Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) akamushi (Brumpt 1910). U,N.A,

Trombicua (2? Leptotrombidium) villosa sp. nu. L.

402 RECORDS OF THE S,A, MUSEUM

Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) tithwalensis sp. n. L,

Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) bhimtalensis sp. u. L.

Trombicula (% Leptotrombidium) longiseta sp.n. U.N.

Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) fulleri (Ewing 1945). L.N,

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) fordt sp. n., Lawrence in MS, LN.

Trombicula (? Neotrombicula) traubi sp, n. L.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) hastata (Gater 1932), L.N.

Trombicula novae-hollandiae Hirst 1929, L.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) rara (Walch 1922). L.N.

Trombicula (Trombicula) hirsti Sambon 1927, L.

Trombicula (Trombicula) hetrsti f. deliensis (Walch 1923). L.

Trombicula (Trombicula) hirstt £. hakei Radford 1946. L.

Trombicula (Trombicula) hirsti £, nissunensis Dumbleton 1947. L.

Trombicula (%Trombicula) sobrina sp, n. L.

Trombicula (2? Trombicula) ablephara sp, n. L.

Trombicula (Trombicula) wichmanni. (Ouds. 1905). L.N.A.

Trombicila anous (Wharton 1946). L.

Trombicula pluvius (Wharton 1946). L,

Trombicula lygosomoides sp. n. LL.

Trombicula (Trombicula) sambont (Wom. 1939). L.N.A.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) sarcina (Wom. 1944). L.N,

Trombicula kanzalwonensis sp. n. L,

Trombicula (? Trombicula) macropus Wom. 1936. L.

Trombicula riot Gunther 1939. L.

Trombicula (Fonsecia) coluberina (Radford 1946). IL.

Trombicula batut Philip and Traub 1950. L.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) munda (Gater 1932). L.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) spicea (Gater 1932). L.N.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) consueta sp. n. L.N.

Trombicula parmifera sp.n, WL.

Trombicula lundbladé sp.n. UL.

Trombicula nissam Dumbleton 1947. L.

Trombicula jubbulporensis sp. n. L.

Trombicula isshik: Sugimoto 1938. L.

Trombicula khurdangensis sp. n. I.

Trombicula (Neotrambicula) scincoides (Wom. 1944), L.N.A.

Trombicula (? Neotrombicula) kohlst (Wom. 1944). L.

Tronbicula (3 Neotrombicula) tovelli sp.n, L.

Trombicula buxtont sp. n. L.

Trombicula naultini Dumbleton 1947. L,

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

Trombicula cervulicola Ewing 1931. UL.

Trombicula densipiliata. Walch 1923, L.

Trombicula taphozous sp. n. Li.

Trombicula corvi Kaw. and Yam. 1921. L.

Trombicula insolli (Philip and Traub 1950). L.

Trombicula levert sp. n. L.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) harrisoni sp.n. L.N.

Trombicula piercei Kwing 1931. L.

Trombicula (Trombicula) frittsi Wharton 1945, L.N-.

Trombicula kashmirensis sp.n. I.

Trombicula incurva sp. n. L.

Trombicula vietzi sp. n. L. ,

Trombicula schmitgi (Ouds, 1914). L.

Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) myzantha sp. n. L.N-

Trombicula (% Leptotrombidium) robusta (Gunther 1941), L.

Trombicula rajoriensis sp.n. L,

Trombicula sylvesiris Audy and Traub 1950, L.

Trombicula muridia sp.n. LL.

Trombicula bodensis (Gunther 1940), L,

Trombicula gliricolens (Ilirst 1915). LL.

Trombicula philigt sp.n. L,

Trombicula (Leptotrombidium) burmensis (Ewing 1946). U.N,

Trombicula southcotti sp.n. L,

Trombicula quadriense Wom. and Heasp. 1943. LL,

Trombicula pelia sp.n. L,

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) jayewickremei spin. U.N.

Trombicula (Trombiculindus) cuneata (Traub and Evans 1951). L-

Trombicule squamifera sp.n. L.

Trombicula (Trombiculindus) squamosa (Radford 1947). L.

Trombicula (Trombiculindus) foliacea (Traub and Evans 1951). UL,

Trombicula thori sp.n. L.

Trombicula (Trombicula) batatus (Linn. 1758). * U.N.A.

Trombicula (Trombicula) hellert (Ouds. 1911). * L.A.

Trombicula (Trombicula) splendens Ewing 1913. * A.

Trombicula (Trombicula) vanommereni Schierbeck 1937. * L.N.A.

Trombicula (Trombieula) alfreddugestx (Ouds. 1911). * L.N.A.

Trombicula (Trombicula) jacoti. nom. nov. * A,

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) inopinatum (Ouds. 1909). * LN.

Trombicula (Neotrombiewla) autumnalis (Shaw 1790). * L.N,A,

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) canestrinit (Buffa 1899), * A.

403

404 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Frombicula (Neotrombicula) clavicata (Andre 1987). “A,

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) formicarum (Berl. 1910). * A.

Trombtcula (Neotrombicula) cantilla Wharton 1938). * A,

Trombicula (Neotrambicula) russica (Ouds, 1902). * A.

Trombicula (Neatrombicula) moesica (Andre 1932), * A,

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) coarctata (Berl. 1888). * N.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) goldti (Ouds. 1910). * L.A,

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) cavernarwn (Ewing 1933). * A.

Trombicula sp. Cooreman in litt. * <A.

Trombicula (Neotrombicula) manriguer (Ewing 1937). * A.

Tecomatlana melvini (Traub and Evang 1950). L.

Myatrombicula vespertilionis Wom, and Heasp. 1943. L.

Heaslipia gateri (Wom. and Heasp. 1943). L.N,

Novotrombicida owiensis Wom. and Kohls 1947. L.

Schéngastia (Schéngastia) oudemansi (Walch 1923). L.N,

Schongastin (Schingastia) lewthwaiter sp.n. L.

Schéngastia (Schongastia) vandersandei (Ouds. 1905). D-

Schingastia (Schdngastia) schuffnert (Walch 1923). U.N.

Sehdngastia (Schéngastia) taylori Gunther 1940. LL.

Schéngastia (Schéngastia) whartent sp.n. L.

Schéngastia (Schingastia) bidentata spn. L.

Schdngastia (Schéngastia) vieta Gater 1932. LN.

Nchéngastia (Schéngastia) philipi Wom. and Kohls 1947. 1.

Schéngastia (Schéngastia) blestowet Gunther 1939. LL.

Schéngastia (Schéngastia) blestowei v. megapodius Wom. and Heasp, 1948. Tu.

Schéngastia (Schéngastia) oculicola sp.n. Tu.N.

Schaingastia (Schéngastia) pseudoschuffneri: (Waleh 1927). L.

Schéngastia (Schingastia) maldiviensis (Radford 1946). L.N.A.

Schongastia (Ascoschéngastia) pseudomys sp.n. LL.

Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) mecullochi (Wom. 1944) L.

Schongastia (Ascoschéngastia) wromys (Wom. and Kohls 1947). UL.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) foliata (Guuther 1940). L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) signata sp.n, L,

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) glodulare (Walch 1927). L,

Schongestia “Ascoschéngastia) kohlsi (Philip and Woodward 1946, L.N.

Schingastia (Aseoschingastia) camata sp.n. L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) lanius ‘Radford 1946). LN.

Schongastia (Ascoschéngastia) mutabilis (Gater 1982). LN.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) edwardsi (Gunther 1939), ,

Schiingastia (Ascoschéngastia) philippensis (Philip and Woodward 1946), L,

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIc SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 405

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) mackerrasae sp.n. L,

Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) masta (Traub and Sundermeyer 1950). i.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) petrogale (Wom. 1934). L.

Schéngastia (Aseoschingastia) mohri sp.nu. L.

Schongustia (Ascoschingastia) crinita sp.n. L.

Schdngastia (Ascoschéngastia) rectangulare sp.n. UL.

Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) cassiope sp.n. LL,

Schongastia (Ascoschéngastia) antipodianum (Hirst 1929). L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) dumosa sp,n. L.

Schéngastia (Aseoschingastia) queenslandiea (Wom, 1939). L,

Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) lappacea nom. uov. L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) womersleyi (Gunther 1940). Ta.

Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) coorongense (Hirst 1929). L.

Nechangastia (AscoschGngastia) echymipera (Wom. and Kohls 1947). L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschdéngastia) innisfailensis (Wom. and Ileasp. 1943). L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) lacunosa (Gater 1932). L.

Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) malayensis (Gater 1932). L.N.

Schéngastia (Ascoschdngastia) lipoxena sp.n. L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschingastia) nadchatrami sp.n. L.

Schingastia (Ascoschingustia) sarawakensig sp.u. L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) nausheraensis sp.n. L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) debilis Gater 1932. LL.

Schongastia (Ascoschingustia) manipurensis (Radford 1946). L.

Schongastia. (Ascoschéngastia) labuanensis sp.n. Li.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) audyi sp.n. L.N,

Schéngastia (Ascoschiingastia) rattus (Wom. and Heasp. 1943). L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) lorius (Gunther 1939), L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) indica (Hirst 1915). L.N.A.

Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) soekaboemiensis (Takekawa 1945), L.

Schéngaslia (Ascoschingaslia) perameles (Wom. 1939). L.

Schéngastia. (Ascoschéngastia) similis (Wom. and Heasp. 1943). L-

Schingastia (Asceschéngastia) derricky (Wom. 1939). Li

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngaslia) dasycerct (Hirst 1929). L,

Schingastix (Ascaschéngastia) trichosuri (Wom, 1939). L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) hirsti (Wom. and Ileasp, 1943), L.

Sehingastia (Ascoschéngastia) phascogdle (Wom. and Teasp. 1943). L,

Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) peregrina sp.n. L.

Schéngastiu (Ascoschdngastia) heaslipt (Wom. and Heasp, 1943). L.

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) trawbi sp.n. L.

Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) lawrencei nom, nov. L.

406 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia) wongabelensis sp, n. Li,

Schingastia (Ascoschingastia) smitht (Wom. 1939).

Schéngasiia (Ascoschingastia) raui sp.n. LL.

Schongastia. (Ascoschéngastia) cairnsensis (Wom, and Heasp. 1943).

Schéngastia (Ascoschéngdstia) cairnsensis vy. gateri (Wom. & Heasp. 1943), L

Schéngastia algerica (André 1982). * A.

NSchéngastia westraliensis (Wom. 1934). A,

Schingastia samoansis sp.n. A.

Radfordiana rostrata g, et. sp.n. L,

Oenoschéngastia cana Wom. and Kohls 1947. L,

Guntherana bipygalis (Gunther 1939). L.N.A.

Guntherana tindalei (Wom. 1936) N.

Guntherana translucens (Wom. 1944). A.

Neoschongastia bougainvillensis Wharton and Hardcastle 1946. L.

Neoschéngastia strong: Wharton and Hardcastle 1946. L.

Neoschingastia monticola Wharton and Hardeastle 1946. L.

Neoschéngastia posekanyi Wharton and Hardcastle 1946, I.

Neoschongastia gallinarum (Hatori 1920). L.N.

Neoschéngastia backhouser Gunther 1989. L,

Neoschingastia egretta Wharton and Hardeastie, 1946. L.

Neoschéngastia struthidia sp.n. LL.

Neoschéngastia retrocincta Gunther 1939. L.

Neoschéngastia yeomansi Gunther 1939, L.

Neoschéngastia ourensis sp.n. Li.

Neoschéngastia mcqueeni sp.n. L.

Neoschéngastia atollensis Wharton and Hardcastle 1946. L,

Neoschongastia namrui Wharton and Hardcastle 1946. L.

Neoschingastia americana solomonig Wharton and Hardcastle 1946, L.

Neoschingastia entomyza sp.n. IL.

Neoschéngastia. thomast (Radford 1946). IL.

Neoschongastia pauensis Wharton and. Hardeastle 1946. LL.

Neoschongastia salmi (Ouds. 1922). L.

Neoschéngastia dubia Gunther 1939. L.

Neoschéngastia ewingi Wharton and Hardcastle 1946. IL.

Neoschéngastia riversi Wharton and Hardeastle 1946. L.

Neoschéngastia carveri Wharton and Hardcastle 1946. LN.

Neoschéngastia sp. Wharton and Hardcastle 1946. N,

Mackiena empodiformis Traub and Evans 1950, L.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) morobensis (Gunther 1939). L

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

Gehrliepia (Walchia) rustica Gater 1932. L.N.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) turmalis Gater 1932. L.

Gahrlicpia (Walchia) lewthwaiter sp. n. LN,

Gahrliepia (Walchia) disparunguis (Ouds. 1929). LN.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) ewingt (Fuller 1951, nom. nov.), L.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) enode (Gater 1932). L.N

Gahrliepia (Walchia) brennant sp.n. L.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) brennam v. ventralis nov. L.

Gahrliepia (Walchia) riot Gunther 1940. L.

Gahrliepia (Schingastiella) ligula (Radford 1946). L.N.

Gahrliepia (Schéngastiella) ceylonica sp,n, L.N.

Gahrliepia (Schéngastiella) brevis (Radford 1946). L.

Gahrliepia (Schéingastiella) bengalensis (Hirst 1915). L.

Gahrliepia (Schéngastiella) punctata (Radford 1946), L.N.

Gahrliema (Schéngastiella) kumaonensis sp.n. L.

Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) saduski sp.n. L.

Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) ciliata Gater 1932. L.N.

Gahrhepia (Gahrliepia) insigne spn, L-

Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) decora sp.n. L,

Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) ornata sp,n. LN.

Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) cetrata Gater 1932. L.

Gahrliepia (Gateria) hirsuta (Radford 1946). U.N.

Gahrlhiepia (Gateria) lancearia (Radford 1946). 1.

Gahrliepia (Gateria) longipilis (Radford 1946). L.

Gahrliepia (Gateria) crocidura (Radford 1946), L,

Gahrliepia (Gateria) romert sp.n. L.

Gohrliepia (Gateria) rutila (Gater 1932). L.

Gahrliepia (Gateria) spinulosa (Radford 1946). L.

Gahrliepia (Gateria) fletchert (Gater 1932). L.

SUMMARY.

Total species mentioned ie

Exotic species (other than Asiatie-Pacific)

New species ; .

Astatic-Pacific species as i tte

Asiatie-Pacifie species as Adults and/or Nymphs .

Species in which Larvae have been correlated with Adults and/or Nynihs:

1. Asiatic-Pacific " a ay pis bed

2. Other than es ive Se «f oo “4

407

254

221

408 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

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—

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3-12.

APPENDIX

TROMBICULA THORI sp. n,

Plate 116, fig. A-H,

Description of larvae. (Only slightly engorged.) Shape elongate oval.

Length 292p, width 1954. Seutum as figured, roughly rectangular, wider than

long, with sparse puuctuations; anterior margin sinuous with convex middle;

posterior margin moderately deep behind line of PU, flattish medially; sen-

sillae missing but probably filamentous, their bases wide apart and much nearer

to AL than to PL, Eyes 2-+ 2, anterior the larger and strongly refringent.

Chelicerae simple with only the apical tricuspid cap. Galeal setac nude, very

narrowly blade-like with tapering and strongly bent tip. Palpi stout, tibial

claw short and bifurcate; setae on femur, genu and tibia with only indistinct

barbs. Dorsal setae 20 in number, to 404 long and arranged 2.6.4.4.2.2. “Vent-

rally with paired ciliated setae on maxillae, one finely barbed on each coxa, a

pair of same between coxae I and between coxae III and thereafter 4.2.2.2, the

last pair adanal. Legs all 7-segmented, I 325p long, II 260n, III 292u; tarsi I

and IT with dorsal sensory rod (spur), IIT without any long nude setae (masti-

galae) ; claws paired, empodium claw-like.

The Standard Data for the type and 8 paratypes are:

Standard Theoretical Observed Coeff. of

Mean Deviation Range Range Variation

AW 87-40-62 1-87+0+44 81+8-93°0 84,-0-89-6 2-1

PW 99-550 -68 2-080-48 93-45-105-65 98-0-103-6 2.0

8B 61.45+0+36 1-080-25 58*2-64-7 58-863 +0 1:7

ASB 14-0 No variation recorded.

PSB 36°4 No variation recorded.

8D 50-4 No variation recorded.

A-P 32°45-0°47 1-40+0-33 31-25-39-65 33-6-36-4 4-0

AM 39-2 No variation recorded,

AL 32-00-56 1°50+0-40 27-5-36-5 30-8-33 +6 4-7

PL 36-00-40 1-060-28 32-8-3972 33-6-36-4 2-9

Sens. No determination.

Loc. and Hosts. The type and 8 paratypes from a skink Leiolopisma

melanopogon Gray, in the collection of the Queensland Museum, and collected by

Dr. T. L. Bancroft, at Gregory River, N.W. Queensland in 1886.

Remarks. In the position of the sensillae bases, near to AL this species

422 RECORDS OF THE 5,A. MUSEUM

resembles Tr. rara Walch, but the seutum is not quadrate ag in that species.

Tt. is, however, very characteristically distinct from all other known Trombicu-

lidae larvae in the peculiarly shaped galeal setae.

Genus HEASLIPIA Ewing 1944.

Heaslipia Ewing 1944, Proc. Biol, Soc., Washington, 57, 161-104, nom. nov. for

Trombiculoides Womersley and Heaslip 1943, Tr. Roy. Sec, 8, Aust., 67,

(1), 101, preoc. Jacot 1938, Psyche, 45, (2-8), 122.

Genotype Trombiculoides gateri Wom. and Heasp. 1943 (larva).

Heasbiri4 Gateri (Wom. and Heasp, 1943).

Trombiculcides gatert Womersley aud Heaslip 1948, Tr, Roy. Soe. §. Aust., 67,

(1), 101, preoe. Jacot 1938, Psyche, 45, (2-3), 122.

Plate 116, fig. F-I.

Until now this species has been known only from the larva, which was

described from two larvae, mounted by Gater, and recorded as from R. rattus

argentiventer Chase, from Selinsing-Gunong, Perak, 15 Mar., 1932, and sent

to the authors from the Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur.

Gater did not publish any notes on these specimens, and until now only

his larval preparations were known. Quite recently, however, I have received

another slide of Gater’s from the I.M.R., sent to me by the Serub Typhus Re-

search Unit station at Kuala Lumpur, which was labelled ‘‘Nymph of Trom-

biculoides. gateri, No. 293K. Gater’s slide. 29/11/32.’’ It seems evident

that Gater must have been successful in rearing at least one nymph through

from an engorged larva. |

Unfortunately, however, this nymph on close study revealed no characters

which justify the generic separation, based on larval features, from the sub-

genus Neotrombicula, except perhaps the structure of the nasus (? epistome)

which recalls that of the Leeuwenhoekiidae and may be of generic significance,

The description and figures of the nymph are as follows:

Description of Numph, Of typical Trombiculid facies. Colour in life

probably red. Length 520u, width across propodosoma 325p, across hysterosoma.

390... Crista elongate, 842, with rather small diamond-shaped subposterior sen-

sillary area, as figured; sensillae lost, bases 33 apart; epistome (nasus) rather

large, an elongate triangular cone, not hyaline, with ciliated epistomal seta

40 long. Eyes absent. Chelicerae with finely serrate inner margin, Palpi

normal, with 2 aecessdry spines at base of claw. Dorsal setae fairly uniform, to

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 423

502 long, slender and tapering with outstanding ciliations. Legs I very

slightly longer than body, and stronger than others, to 560. long, IF 390z,

TIT 4802, IV 5204; no process on tarsi I; tarsi I ovoid, 1544 long by 84y

high, metatarsi I 84p long and as high as tarsi; sternum entire, no precoxal

plates of leg I present. Genitalia 2 pairs of disks.

1 ScHONGASTIA SAMOAENSIS sp. 0,

Plate 116, fig. FI.

Description of adult. 9 Of typical Trombiculid facies. Colour in life un-

known. Length ca. 1,430.2; width across propodosoma 6504, across hysterosoma

780. Crista linear, 224» long, with subposterior sensillary area, with SB 565

sensillae filamentous, ciliated distally, and to ¢a. 1684 long; epistome rounded-

conical, dentate, 33-6 long, with a single ciliated seta 33-6. long. Eyes

absent. Chelicerae finely ciliated on dorsal (inner) margin. Palpi normal,

with 3 accessory stout spines at base of tibial claw. Dorsal setae fairly thick

and ciliated, posteriorly to 34. long. Legs I stronger and longer than rest,

8454 long, II 540, TIT 560n, IV 715p; tarsi I highest at about one-third,

214, long by 114» high, metatarsi I 1434 long; sternum entire, no precoxal

plates. Genitalia with 3 pairs of disks.

Loc. A single female, collected by means of the Berlese funnel from leaf

mould behind house, on Monono Is., Samoa, 22nd Dec,, 1950 (coll. R. A.

Harrison), and now in the collection of the Division of Scientific and Indus-

trial Research, Auckland, New Zealand,

Remarks. This is the first Trombiculid to be recorded from Samoa, and

I am indebted to Mr. K. P, Lamb, of the above Division, for the opportunity

of describing it.

From the structure of the ecrista I believe that it is better placed as a

Schoéngastia rather than a Trombicula, at least. until the larvae are known.

While the present work has been going through the press the following

three species of larval Trombiculidae have been described from Japan by Dr.

Manabu Sasa, of the Institute of Infections Diseases, Tokyo.

Although it has not been possible to get the whole of the Japanese text

translated into English, the figures enable one to judge the. essential specific

features and to compare the species with others from Japan and elsewhere.

The species T. nagayot and T. mitamurai will probably, when nymphs or

adults become known, belong to the genus Tragardhula, while T. burnsi will

be placed in the subgenus Leptotrombidium.

424 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

? TRAGARDHULA NAgAyor (Sasa 1950).

Trombicula nagayoi Sasa 1950, ‘‘Studies in Tsutsugamushi,’’ Pt. 5; Tokyo

Ishi Shinshi, 67, (12), 14 (in Japanese).

Plate 117, fig. A-B; 118, fig. D-H.

Larvae. Shape ovoid. Seutum roughly pentagonal, finely pitted, with

SB in front of line of PL; scutal setae rather thick and shortly ciliated, PL

the longest, AL the shortest; sensillae ciliated on distal third. Eyes ? Palpi

stout, with bifurcate tibial claw; setae on femur and genu branched, on tibia

only the ventral branched. Galeal setae nude. Dorsal setae 2.8.10.10.8.4.4. =

46. VS. 2.2.8.6.6.4.2.2. = 32. Coxae all I-setogse. Tarsi of leg III with 1 long

nude seta, metatarsi without.

Standard Data (after Sasu) AW 72, PW 89, SB 30, ASB 27, PSB 29,

SD 56, A-P 31, AM 45, AL 41, PL 57, Sens, 75,

Remarks. This species was described from Microtus montebelli (Milne

Edwards) and Apodemus speciosus (Temminck and Schlegel).

It is very closely related to Trag. japonica (Tanaka 1930), only differing

in the greater number of DS, the single humeral seta on each side, and slightly

in the Standard Data.

?TRAGARDHULA MIramURAI (Sasa 1950).

Trombicula mitamurai Sasa 1950, ‘‘Studies in Tsutsugamushi,’’ Pt. 4; Nov. 48,

Tokyo ishi Shinshi, 67, (11), 17 (in Japanese),

Plate 117, fig. C-D; 118, fig. F-G,

Lervae. Shape ovoid. Scutum roughly pentagonal with SB slightly be-

hind line of PL; scutal setae stout with ciliations, about subequal in length;

sensillae with 3 branches in idstal half. Eyes ? Palpi stout, with trifurcate

tibial claw; setae on femur and genu strongly branched; on tibia dorsal and

ventral strongly branched, lateral with 1 branch. Galeal setae branched.

Dorsal setae 2,.12.10,8.8.6.4—50. VS. 2.2.11.8.8.6.4.2.—43,. Coxae all 1-

setose. Tarsi of leg III with 3 long nude seta, metarsi with 1 such.

Standard Data (after Sasun), AW 59-0-61-5, PW 82-0-84-5, SB 25-0-

26-0, ASB 30-0-31:0, PSB 29-0-30-0, SD 60-0-60-5, A-P 25-0-26-0, AM

48-0, AL 52-5-54:5, PL 58-0, Sens. 81-0,

Remarks. This species was described from Urotrichus talpaides hondonis

Thomas.

Tt is close to Trag. tamiyai (Philip and Fuller 1950) in having all the

setae ou palpal tibia branched but would appear to differ in the number of DS

and the Standard Data. It may, however, be the same species.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 425-

TROMBICULA (? LEPTOTROMBIDIUM) BURNS! (Sasa, 1950).

Lrombicula burnsi. Sasa Oct., 1950, ‘‘Studies in Tsutsugamushi,’’ Pt. 2; Tokyo

Ishi Shinshi, 67, (10), 22 (in Japanese).

Plate 118, A-C.

Larvae, Shape ovoid. Scutum rectangular, very coarsely pitted, with SB

only slightly behind line of PL and PL almost midway between the broadly

rounded postero-lateral corners and AL; seutal setae very stout and strongly

dentate or ciliated, subequal in length; AM situated midway between lines of

AL and SB; sensillae finely barbed on basal half, ciliated distally. Eyes ?

Palpi stout with trifurcate tibial claw; all setae except dorsal tibial nude.

Galeal setae ? Dorsal setae rather short, stout and as the scutal setae, arranged

2.11.11.8.8.4 — 44, to 54p, VS. ?, to 384. Tarsi and metatarsi of leg IL without

any long nude setae.

Standard Data (after Sasa), AW 70-0-79-5, PW 77-0-86°5, SB 33-0-40-5,

ASB 24-5-27-5, PSB 15-0-16-5, SD 39-5-44-0, A—P 18-5-21-:5, AM 48-0?-

55, AL 38-0-43-0, PL 52-5-61-0, Sens. 57-0-63.

Remarks. This species was deseribed from T'urdus celaenops (Stejneger,

Tt is very close in the Standard Data, and the nature of the DS to T. (Z.)

pallida (Nagayo et al., 1919), but differs in the smaller number of D8, in which

it approaches T. (L.) intermedia (Nagayo et al., 1919).

TROMBICULA SCHMITZY Oudemans 1914.

Microtrombidium schmitzi Oudemans 1914, Entom. Ber., 4, (77), 87; tdem

1916, Tijds, v. Entom., 59, 12.

Text fig. 3.

This species has been overlooked in the main part of this work, hence its

inclusion in the Appendix, It was described by Oudemans from material col-

lected by P. Assmuth from bats at Kandala (Bombay), India.

Description. (after Oudemans). Length ea, 500n. Width (fully engorged)

530p. Colour red. Seutum trapezoidal, length ca. 50u, width ca, 724; porous;

anterior margin sinuous and convex medially, lateral margins concave, pos-

terior margin moderately deep behind PL and somewhat triangular with

rounded apex; AM and AD setae in line, AL the shortest, PL the longest;

sensillae filamentous and ciliated distally, bases in front of line of PL. Eyes

2+ 2, on ocular shields and posterior lens the smaller, Chelicerae not ser-

rated. Galeal setae nude. Palpi stout, tibial claw trifurcate; setae of femur

and genu. branched, on tibia all three nude and the lateral and ventral rather

short. Dorsal setae ca. 50» in length, 42 in number and arranged 2.6.6.6.6.6.6

426 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

2.2. Ventrally with a pair of branched or ciliated setae on maxillae, one on

each coxa, a pair between coxae I and between coxae III, and thereafter ca. 116

setae arranged 4.8.10.12.14.14.14,14.14.12, shorter than dorsal setae; on each

side behind coxae III a subcutaneous porous disk. Legs all 7-segmented, tarsi

I and II with dorsal sensory rod, III without any long nude setae.

The Standard Data (interpolated from Oudeman’s 1916 figure) are:

AW 57-5, PW 64-4, SB 21-0, ASB 27-5, PSB 24-0, SD 51:5, A-P 34:5,

AM —, AL 27-5, PL 50-0, Sens. In his figure, AM is omitted and Sens.

broken.

Fig. 3. A-C, Trombicula schmitzi Ouds. 1914; A.

dorsal seutum (x 500), B. left palp in dorsal view, C.

left coxa showing accessory disc. (all after Oudemans).

Remarks. It is not clear fram Oudeman’s 1916 paper, whether he had

more than one specimen. The species has not yet been recorded since the

original description, but should be easily recognized from the scutum, the dorsal

and yentral setae, and the peculiar ventral porous disks. In the key given

here on p. 43 it will fall into caption 60 if the scutum is regarded as penta-

gonal, otherwise into caption 61a on page 44.

Under caption 60 it comes nearest to kashmirensis sp.n. in the number of

dorsal setae, but differs in their arrangement and the smaller seutum. Under

61a, it differs from both incurva sp.n. and vietzt sp. n. in the dorsal setae and

the palpal setation.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TypHus MITES

CORRIGENDA,

427

Page 82. Delete the Standard Data given for a population of J. (N.) rara from

pill-millipedes, and insert the following:

ASB

PSB

A-P

Sens.

Mean

87-60-62

94-820°71

59-00-43

21-40-56

53:00:63

74-420-+56

41-70-67

43-90-93

38-00°54

55-00-87

58-6541-23

Standard

Deviation

2°31240-44

2-660°50

“7640-33

*08=£0-39

*3720°45

110-40

“410-47

+23-0°66

-8740-38

“000-61

°49-+0-87

wwe wr pt tw

Theoretical

Range

80-7-94°5

86+8-102°8

53-7-64°7

15-2-27-6

45-9-60-+1

68-1-80-7

“34-5-48-9

36°2-53 +6

32°4-43-6

46+0-64-4

48-2-69°4

Observed

Range

84,°0-92-4

92-4-100:8

56-4-61-6

19+6-25-2

50-4-53-2

72°8-78-4

36-4-44-8

36-4-47°6

33-6-39-2

47-6-58°8

53+2-61-6

f=)

ONSCdbMDMOANOmMS

ON ma to HD | HO

Coeff. of

Variation

Page 219. The specific name westraliense was used by Womersley 1934 (Ree.

S.A, Mus., 5, (2), p. 188) for an adult species of Microtrombidium now

considered to be a Schéngastia, and also on p. 215 for a larval Schéngastia.

Tt is therefore now proposed to substitute the name of newmam for the

larval species, in honour of Mr. B, Newman, the late entomologist to West-

ern Australia,

Consequently on

Page 240 in caption ‘‘60’’ for ‘“‘westraliense’’ read ‘‘newmani nom, nov.’’

Page 405 in the list of species insert ‘‘Schdngastia (Ascoschéngastia) newmam

nom, noy.’”’ between phascogale and peregrina.

Page 407 in Summary for ‘‘254’’ read ‘‘255’’, and for ‘‘221’’ read ‘‘222”’.

INDEX

(Synonyms in italics)

ablephara, Trombicula, 37, 86.

Acariscus, 20, 31,

acnsentellaris, Tragardhula, 22, 24, 315, 316,

317,

acuscutellaris, Trombiewla, 24, 316.

acuscutellaris, Trombicula (Peniagonelia),

24, 317.

akamushi, Leptatrombidium, 67, 345.

akamushi, Leptus, 345,

akamusht, Microtrombidium, 67.

akamushi, Trombicula (Leptotrombidiym),

34, 87, 342, S45.

akamushi, Trombicula, 67, 345,

dkamushi, Trombidium, 67, 345.

alfreddugesti,, Kutrombicula, 333.

alfreddugesti, Microtrombidium, 333.

alfreddugesii, Trombicula, 327, 333.

algerica, Schéngastia, 376, 379,

aigerica, Thrombicula,; 379.

alleei, Tragardhula, 319,

aleet, Trombtcula, 313, 315, 319,

alleei, Trombicula (Megatrombieula), 319,

americana solomonis, Neoschongastia, 263,

274, 389.

anous, Acariscous, 98.

anous, Trombicula, 37, 98,

antipodianum, Schéngastia (Ascosehongas-

tia), 188, 234.

antipodianum, Schongaatia, 188,

antipodianum, Neoschéngastia, 188,

Agcoschéngastia, 21, 170, 228, 314, 376.

Ascoschéngastia, Key to Larvae, 231.

atollensis, NeoschdGngastin, 262, 275.

attenuata, Tragardhula, 315, 322.

attenuata, Trambicula (Megairombicula),

322,

audyi, Schéngastia (Ascosehingastia), 205,

238, 376, 386,

aurantiacum,

361. ;

autumnalis, Acarus, 353, 364.

autumnalis, Leptus, 364,

cutwmnatis, Microtrombidium, 353, 364.

autumnalis, Trombicula, 364,

autumnalie, Trombieula (Neotrombieula),

351, 364.

autumnalis japantea, Leptus, 25, 318.

autumnalis japonica, Trombicula, 25, 318,

Trombidium (Otonyssus),

backhousei, Paraschéngastia, 254,

backhousei, Neoschingastia, 254, 274.

batatas, Trombicula (Trombieula), 327,

331.

batatas, Acarus, 331,

batatas, Eutrombicula, 331.

batui, Trombicula, 39, 105,

hengalonsia, Gahrliepia

(Schingastiella),

283, 208.

429

bengalensiz, Schongastiella, 298.

bengalensis, Gahrliepia, 298.

bhimtalensis Trombicula (? Leptotrombid-

ium), 35, 60.

bidentata, Schéngastia (Schéngastia), 162;

229.

bipyalis, Guntherana, 245, 373.

bipygalis, Guntheria, 245.

bipygealis, Neoschéngastia, 245, 273, 373.

Blankaartia, 19, 22, 213, 314.

blestowei, Schéngastia (Schongastia), 165,

230,

blestowei var. megapodius,

(Schdngastia), 166, 230.

bodensis, Neoschéngastia, 153, 380,

bedanaty, Schingastia (Schéngastia), 228,

377.

bodensis,

45, 111.

bougainvillensis, Neoschéngastia, 249, 273,

brennani, Gahrliepia (Walchia), 281, 204.

brennani var, yentralis, Gahrliepia, (Wal-

chia), 281, 295.

brevis, Gahrliepia (Schéngastiella),

298,

brevis, Schangasttella, 298.

brumpti, Microtrombidium, 67.

biloloensis, Trombicula, 37.

burmensis, Trombicula (Leptotrombidinm),

469, 74, 343, 348.

bursensia, Trombicula, 74, 348,

burnsi, Trombicula, (f Leptotrombidium),

425.

Schingastia

Trombicula, 111.

Trombieula (Leptotrombidium),

282,

burnsi, Trombioula, 425,

bushlandi, Ascoschéngastia, 194,

buxtoni, Trombienla, 4], 124,

edirnsensis, Neoschongastia, 226,

eairnsensis, Schongastia (Ascoschingastin),

926, 241.

cairnsensia var. gateri, Neoschéngastia, 227,

cairnsensis var. gateri, Schongastia (Asco-

schongastiz), 227, 241,

catlipygea, Neoschéngastia, 245, 373.

camitlt, Trombicula (Neotrombicula), 350,

camilla, Trombicula, 359,

tana, Oenoschingastia, 243,

canestrinit, Trombioula, 357.

canestrinii, Thrombioula, 357,

canestrinti, Trombidium, 357.

eanestrinii, Trombicula (Neotrombienla),

350, 357.

canestrinit’ var, moesica, Thrombioula, 363.

carveri, Neoschéngastia, 272, 277, 389.

eagsiope, Sehongastia (Ascoschongastia),

187, 235,

430 RECORDS OF THE $,A, MUSEUM

payeeaent, Trombicula (Neotrombicula),

a68.

cavernarum, Trombioula, 368.

cervulicola, Trombicula, 42, 125.

catrata, Gahriepia (Gahrliepia); 283, 304,

coylonies, Gahrliepia, (Scehéngastiella), 282,

297, 393, 399.

chiroptera, Trombicula, 46, 136.

ciliata, Gahrliepia, 309.

er Gahrliepia (Gateria), 285, 308, 394,

ciliata, Gateria, 309.

cinnabarinus, Trambicula, 333.

clavicata, Thrombioula, 358,

“lleracats, Trombicula (Neotrombicula), 350,

eoarctata, Trombicula

367,

coarctata, Trombicula, 345, 367.

coaretatum, Trombicula, 67.

aonrotatum, Trombidiwm, 367,

cockingsi, Neoschéngastia, 208, 238.

coluberina, Fonseésia, 39, 104,

edluberina, Trombicula, 39, 104.

epennth, Schingastia (Ascoschingastin), 178,

(Neotrombicula),

consueta, Trombicula (Neottombicula), 39,

108, 351,

coorongense, Schéngastia (Ascoschongas-

tia); 192, 236,

coarongense, Schéngastia, 192.

evorongense, Neoschdngastia, 192.

corvi, Trombicula, 42, 127.

crinita, SchoOngastia (Ascoschingastia.), 185,

234,

crocidura, Gahrliepia, (Gateria), 284, 307,

crdoidura, Gateria, 307.

Crotiscus, 20,

cuneata, Trombieula, 46, 139.

cuneative, Trombiculindus, 46, 129.

dasycerei, Schongastia (Ascoschéngnatia),

216, 239.

dasycerci, Schingastia, 216.

dasycerci, Neoschéngastia, 216,

weit, Schongastia (Ascoschingastia), 203,

debilis, Neosohongastia, 203.

decora, Gahrliepia (Gabrliepia), 283, 303,

delienais, Trombicula, 62, 342.

deliensis, Trombicula (Leptotrombidiuny),

34, 62, 342.

denkipiliata, Trombienlg, 42, 126,

derricki, Neoschéngastia, 215.

derricki, Schdugastia (Ascoschéugastia),

215, 239.

disparunguis, Gahrliepia (Walehig), 281

200, 293, 304 ' tts

disparunguis, Schongaettella, 200, 394,

disparinguis, Walchia, 200, 394,

Noloisia, 21, _

dubia, Neoschingastia, 269, 277,

dubia, Paraschéngastia, 269,

fumosg3, Schongastia

189, 235.

dux, Trombicula (fLeptotrombidium), 34,

(Ascoschéngastia),

echymipera, Ascischéngastia, 193.

echymipera, Schingastia (AscoachOngastia),

193, 236,

edwardsi, SehGngastia (Ascoschingastia),

181

edwardsi, Neoschongastia, 181, 233,

egretta, Neoschéngastia, 254, 274,

elegans, Ipotrombieula, 323.

elegans, Trombicula, 323.

empodiformis, Msackiena, 278,

Endotrombicula, 20.

enedse, Gahriiepia, (Walehia), 281, 203, 394,

397.

encode, Walehia, 293, 397.

entomyza, Neoschéngastia, 265, 276,

Euschongastia, 21.

Hutrombicula, 20, 31, 313, 325.

ewingi, Neoschéngastia, 270, 277.

ewingi, Gahrliepia (Walchia), 292,

fletcheri, Gakrliepia, 311.

fletcheri, Gahzliepia (Gateria), 285, 311.

filstcheri, Gaiteria, 311.

fletcheri, Trombicula, 34, 67, 342.

foliseea, Trombicula, 47, 142,

foliaceus, Trombiculindus, 47, 142.

orrk: Schéngastia, (Ascoschongastia), 173,

foliata, Neoschongastia, 173.

Fonsecia, 20,

fordi, Trombicula, (Neotrombicula), 35, 75,

351, 361.

formicarum, Trombicila (Neotrombiculsa),

350, 358. 4

formicarum, Trombicula, 358.

fournieri, Neoschongastia, 254,

frittsi, Trombieula (Trombicula), 43, 128,

327, 330,

frittst, Trombicyla, 128, 330,

fuji, Trombieula (Leptotrombidium), 33,

fujigma, ‘Tragardhula, 23, 28,

fujigmo, Trombicula, 28,

fulieri, Trombicula (Leptvutrombidium), 35,

69, 342, 347.

fulleri, Trombicula, 69.

Gaohrliepia, 19, 22, 279, 282, 312.

Gahrliepia, Key to Larvae, 280,

Gahrliepia, Key te Nymphs, 392.

Gahrliepiinae, 19, 278, 312, 392,

eabnasum, Neoschéngastia, 252, 274, 389,

gillinarum, Parasohéngastia, 252, 391,

gallinarum, Schingastia, 252.

gallinarum, Trombieula, 252, 390.

gateri, Heaelipia, 149, 422,

gateri, Trombiculoides, 149, 422,

Gateria, 19, 22, 279, 282, 312, 392,

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC. SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 431

geckobia, Tragardhula, 23, 29.

glabra, Gahrliepia (Walchia), 281, 292.

glabra, Walchia, 292.

glabrum, Walchia, 292,

glabrum, Trombicula, 292.

gliricolens, Trombicula, 45, 134,

guricolens, Trombicula (utrombicula), 134,

gliricolens, Microtrombidium, 134.

glubulare, Neoschéngastia, 175.

globulere, Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia),

175, 232.

globulare, Trombidium (Trombicula), 175,

goldii, Microtrombidium, 370.

goldii, Trombicula (Neotrombicula), 370.

goldit, Trombicula (Hiutrombicula), 370,

goldui, Trombicula, 370,

Gurtherana, 21, 244, 312, 372.

Guntherana, Key to Adults und Nymphs,

373.

Gunitharia, 244, 372,

guntheri, Neoschditgastia, 223, 241.

gymnodactyla, EKutrombicula, 30.

gymnodactyla, Tragardhula, 23, 30.

gumnopterorum, Allotrombidium, 353,

gymnopierorum, Trombidium, 353,

gymnopterorum, Lhrombidium, 353.

hakei, Trombicula, 84.

harrisoni, Trombieula (Neotrombicula), 43,

144, 351, 872.

hastata, Néoachdngastia, 77, 355.

hastata, Trombicula, 77, 355.

haatata, Trombicula (Neotrombicula), 36,

77, 350, 355.

hatorii, Trombicula, 88.

heaalipt, Neoschéngastia, 221,

heaslipi, Schongastia (AscoschOngastia),

, 240.

Houslipia, 20, 149, 422.

helleri, Eutrombicula, 332.

helleri, Miorotrombidtum, 831.

helleri, Trombicula (Trombieulg), 327, 331.

hirsti, Nevachongastia, 218,

hirsti, Trombicula (?Trombicula), 36.

hirsti, Trombiculg (Kutrombtoula), 83,

Wirsti, Schtngastia (Agcouchingsatia), 218,

240,

hist, Trombioula, 87, 82, 84, 87, 101, 336,

340.

hirsti, #, delienaia, Trombieula, 37,

hirati yar. bululoensis, Trombioula, 82, 336,

hirsti #. hakei, Tromwhicvla, 37, 84-

hirgté. var. morobensis, Trombicula, 82.

hivati ?, nissanensis, Trombiculn, 37, 84,

Mirewta, Gateria, 305, 398,

hirsuta, Gahrliepia (Gateria), 294, 305, 394,

398,

impar, NeoschGngastia, 153, 280,

tmpar, Sohéngastia (Schéngastia), 228, 377,

incerta, Neoschéngastia, 269,

jncurva, Trombienla, 44, 130.

indica, Ascoschingastia, 378, -

indica, Neoschingastia, 208, 378.

indica, Schéngastia, 208, 380, 378.

indica, Schongastia (Ascoschdngastia), 208.

238, 376, 378.

innisfailensis, Neoschéngastia, 194,

innisfailengis, Schingastia (Ascoschingas-

tia), 194, 236.

innisfailensis f, bushlandi, Schéngastia, (Agr

coschéngastia), 236.

inapinatum, Misrothrombidium, 358,

fnopinatum, Thrombidium, 352.

inopinatim, Trombidium (Heterotrambi-

dium), 353.

inopinatum, Trombidium, 353.

imopinatum, Trombienla (Neotrombicula),

350, $53,

insigne, Gahrlicpia, (Gahrliepia), 283, 302.

insolli, Trombicula, 43, 128.

intermedia, Trombicula, 52.

intermedia, Trombicula (Leptotrombidium),

33, 52.

Lpotrombieula, 313, 323.

drritans, Trombicula, 333.

isshikii, Trombieula, 40, 113.

jaeoti, Erombicula (Trombicula), 227, 338,

jayewickremei, Trombicula (Neaotrombi-

cula), 46, 188, 350, 356,

jamesi, Neoschéngastia, 257,

japoniou, Pentagonella, 25,

japonica, Tragardhula, 23, 25, 316, 318.

japonica, Trombioula, 25, 318,

japonica, Trombicula (Pentagonella), 25,

jubbulporensis, Trombicula, 40, 119.

kallipygos, Guntheria, 245, 373.

katlipygos, Neoschéngastia, 245, 378,

kanzalwanensis, Trombicula, 38, 102,

kashmirensis, Trombicula, 43, 120,

katonis, Schongastia, 159.

heukensohrijueri, Trombtcula, 49.

keukenschrijveri, Trombicula. (? Leptotrom-

hidium), 33, 49.

keubenschrijueri, Trombicula (Trombioule),

khurdangensia, Trombiculg, 41, 119,

hohIsi, Neoschéngastia, 176, 385.

kohlsi, Schéngaatia, (Aseoschiingastia), 176,

232, 876, 385.

kohlsi, Trombienla (? Neotrombicula), 41,

116, 118.

kohlsi, Trombicwla, 116,

kumaonensis, Gabrliepia (Schéngastiella),

283, 300.

labuanensis, Schéngastia (AscoschGngaatia),

204, 238

lacwnosa, Neoschdngastia, 197,

lacunoga, Schingastia (Ascoschingastia),

197; 236,

432 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MusEUM

lancearia, Gateria, 306,

Jancearia, Gahrliepia, (Gateria), 394, 306.

lanceolata, Trombicula (¥ Leptotrombid-

ium), 33, 54,

lavtins, Neoschingastia, 179, 384.

lanius, Schéngastia (AseoschOngastia), 179,

932, 376, SB4.

lappacea, Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia),

190, 235,

Jawrencei, Schongastia (AseoschOngastia),

, 241.

Leeuwenhoekiidae, 13,

Leptotrombidium, 20, 32, 47, 314, 326, 341,

Leptotrombidium, Key to Adults and

Nymphs, 342,

lewthwaitei, Gahrliepia (Walehia), 281,

289, 393, 397.

lewthwaitei, Schdngastia

154, 228.

tewthwaitei, Walchia, 289, 397,

leveri, Trombicula, 43, 151,

ligula, Schongastiella, 206, 809.

lignia, Gabrliepia, (Schongastiella), 282,

296, 394, 399.

fipoxena, Schéngastia (Assoschéngastia),

199, 237.

lotigiaeta, Trombicula (Leptotrombidinm),

36, 61, 342, 348,

Jongipilis, Gahrliepia (Gaterin), 284, 807,

longipitis, Gateria, 307,

lorius, Neoschingastia, 207.

Torius, Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia), 207,

lundbladi, Trombicula, 40, 110.

lygosomoides, Trombieula, 38, 100,

macacus, Trombicula (% Leptotrombidium),

mackerrasae, Schingastin (Ascoschingas-

tia), 182, 283,

Mackiena, ‘21, 277,

macropus, Trombicula, 38, 103,

malayensis, Neoschdngastia, 199, 384,

malayensis, Schongastia (Ascosehtngastia),

199, 236, 377, 384.

maldivienzis, Sehingastia, 169, 381.

maldiviensis, Schéngastia (Ascoschéngas-

tia), 169, 230, 377, 381.

manipurensis, Neoschongastia, 204,

inqnipurensis,, Schongastia (Ascoschingas-

tin), 204, 237.

manriquet, Trombicula, 369.

Bnnagniel Trombieula (Neotrombieula),

masoni, Acariscus, 334,

mavsoni,, Rutrombicula, 334,

masoni, Trombicula (Trombteuia), 337.

marta, Ascoschiingistia, 183,

arn Achingnstia (Ascoschdngastia), ‘183,

mecullocht, Neoschéngastia, 172,

mecullochi, Schéngastia (Ascoschéugastia),

172, 221,

(Schongastia),

mequeeni, Neoschingastia, 260, 275,

mediocris, Trombicula, 85, 87, 326.

Megatrombicula, 19, 22, 313, 514.

melomys, Neoschéngastia, 190, 194.

melyini, Tecomatiana, 147.

melvini, Trisetica, 147,

meridionale, Microthrombidium, 353.

meridionale, Thrombidium, 353.

meridionale, Trombidium (Heterotrombi-

diwm), 353.

minor, Trombicula, 83, 328, 337. .

minor vat. deliensis, Trombicula, 83, 337,

minor, Trombicula (Trombicule), 327, 328.

mitamurai, 7 Tragardhula, 424,

mitamurai, Trombioula, 424,

migesica, Trombicula (Neotrombicula), 351,

363,

moesioa, Trombicula, 363.

mohvi, Schongastia (Ascoschdngastia), 184,

234, '

monticola, Neoschéngastia, 250, 273, 389.

morobensis, Guhriiepia, (Walchia), 280, 285.

morobensis, Walohia, 285.

munda, Trombioula, 106.

Pa, Trombicula (Neotrombicula)}, 39,

munda, Trombieula (Hutrombicula), 106,

muridia, Trombicula, 45, 121.

muris, Trombicuta, 238, 376, 378, 3380,

muris, Schingastia (Schingastia), 377.

muscae, Altothrombidium, 361. —

muscac, Microthrombidium, 361.

mutabilis, Schingastia (Ascoschdngastia),

180, 232, 377, S86.

musacae, Thrombidium, 361.

muscae, Trombidium (Heterothrombidium) ,

361,

mutabilia, Neoschéngastia, 180, 386,

Myotrombiecula, 19, 148. -

myzantha, Trombieula (Leptotrombidium),

44, 71,342, (347,

nadchatram?, Schingastia (Ascoschingaa-

tia), 200, 237, 377, 387.

nagayot.. Trombicula, 424.

nagayoi, 1 Tragardbula, 424.

namrui, Neoschongastia, 283, 275,

naultini, Trombicula, 42, 124,

nausheraensis, Sechéngastia (Ascosebingas-

tia), 202, 237,

Neoschingastia, 2t, 170, 247, 3i4, 388.

Nooschingastia, Key to Larvae, 273,

Neoschiéngastia, Key to Nympha, 389,

Neotrambieula, 20, 314, 326.

Neotrombicula, Key to Adults and Nympha,

B49,

nilotioea, Blankaurtia, $15.

nilotiea, Tragardhula, 315.

niloticum, Trombidium, 315.

nistani, Trombicula, 40, 113,

noyae-hollandiae, Trombicula,. 36, 79,

Novotrombicula, 20, 151.

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 433

obscura, Trombicula, 34, 67,

oculicola, Schéngastia (Schingastia), 167,

230, 377, 383,

Oenoschongastia, 21, 243,

ornata, Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia), 283, 304,

394, 400.

oudemansi, Schéngastia,

152, 228, 377, 380.

oudemanat, Schéngastia, 152,

oudemansi, Trombieula, 152, 380, 378,

oWiensis, NeoschGngastia, 259, 275.

owiensis, Novotrombicula, 151.

(Schdngaatia),

pallida, Trombioula, 50, 344.

pallida, Trombicula, (? Leptotrombidium),

33, 50, 342, 344,

palpalis, Trombicula, £8.

palpalis, Trombieula, (# Leptotrombidium),

32, 48.

parana, Guntherana, 245, 373.

parapalpalis, Trombicula (7 Leptotrombi-

dium), 34, 56,

Paraschéngastia, 21, 247, 314, 388,

parmifera, Trombicula, 40, 109.

pauensis, Neoschéngastia, 267, 276.

pelta, Trombicula, 46, 137,

pentagona, Tragardhula, 23, 29,

Fentagonella, 19, 22, 913, 314.

perameles, Neoschéngastia, 213.

perameles, Schéngastia (Aseoschéngaatia),

218, 239.

peregrina, Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia),

220, 240.

peruviana, Tragardhula, 315, 318.

peruviana, Trombioula, 318,

peruviana, Trombieula (Megatrombioula),

318,

petrogale, Neoschaingastia, 194,

petrogale, Schingastia (Ascoschdngastia),

184, 234,

phascogale, Neoschongastia, 239.

phaseogale, Schingastia (Ascoschingastin),

219, 240.

philipi, Sckongastia, 164,

philip, Achingastia (Schéngastia), 164,

29.

philipi, Trombieula, 45, 135,

philippensis, Neoschdngastia, 181,

philippensis, Schdngastia (Ascoschongss-

tia), 181, 233.

Phrynacarua, 22.

yiereci, Trombicula, 43, 132.

pingue, Walehkia, 292.

pinguia, Walehia, 281, 292,

pluvius, Acarisous, 99.

pluviug, Trombicula, 37, 99.

posekanyi, Neoschéngastia, 251, 273,

peeudoakamushi, Trombicula, 87, 336.

pseudoakamushi, var, deliensis, Trambicula,

82, 336.

pseudomys, Schéngastia (Ascoschbngastia),

171, 231.

pscudoschugfneri, Neoschéngastia, 167,

pseudosehuffneri, Schingastia (Schingas-

tia), 167, 230,

paeydoschuyineri, Trombicula, 167,

unetata, Gahrliepia (Schongastiella), 283

PN200, 394, 305. ° sie ens ha

punctata, Schingasticlla, 299, 395,

pusilla, Schéngastia, 159.

pusillum, Microtrambidium, 353,

puta, Trombicula, (? Leptotrombidium), 34,

quadriense, Tyombicula, 46, 136,

queenslandica, Neoschéngastia, 190.

queenglandica, Schéngastia (Ascoschéngas-

tia), 180, 235,

Radfordiana, 21, 242.

tajoricnsis, Trombicula, 44, 120,

rata, Trombiould, 80, 355,

rata, Trombicula (Hutrombioula), 80,

rara, Trombicula (Neotrombicula), 86, 80,

350, 355.

rattus, Neosclhingastia, 207,

rattus, Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia), 207,

238,

raui, Sehéngastia (Ascoschéngastia), 225,

241,

rectangulare, Schéngastia (Ascoschingas-

tia), 186, 234.

Reldlinia, 21.

tetrocineta, Neoschingastia, 256, 275.

retrocinota, Pataschéngastig, 256,

retrocoronata, Neoschéngastia, 256.

vioi, Gahrliepia, 295.

rioi, Gahtlicpia, (? Walehia), 282, 295.

riot, Neoschéngastia, 181,

rioi, Trombieula, 104.

rioi, Trombicula, (? Trombieula), 38,

tiversi, Neoschingastis, 271, 277,

robuata, Trombicula (1 Leptotrombidium),

44, 73.

romeri Gahriiepia (Gateria), 284, 308,

rostrata, Radfordiana, 242,

rusticd, Trombicula, 361,

russi¢a, Trombicula (Nevtrombieula), 350,

361.

russicum, Allothrambidium, 361.

russioum, Nicrothrombidiym, 361.

yussicum, Thrombidtum, 361.

Thstion, Gahrliepia (Walchia), 280, 286, 393,

96.

rusticd, Ganrliepia, 286, 396.

rustica, Walchia, 286, 396,

rutila, Gahrliepia, 308,

rutila, Gahrliepia, (Gateria), 244, 308,

futila, Gateria, 208.

saduski, Gahrliepia, (Gahrliepia), 283, 301.

salmi, Schingastia, 267,

salmi, Nenachingastia, 267, 276,

samboni, Trombicula, 101, 340.

434 RECORDS OF THE S,A. MusEUM

samboni, Trombicula (Trombicula), 38, 101,

327, 340.

samoaensis, Schéngastia, 423,

sarawakensis, Schdéngastia (Ascoschéngas-

tia), 201, 237.

sarcina, Trombicula, 101, 362,

sarcina, Trombicula (Neotrombicula), 38,

101, 351, 362.

Sauriscus, 20, 146.

soaber, Trombiculoides, 335.

soabrum, Trombidium, 335.

schmitzi, Trombicula, 425,

schmitsi, Microtrombidiwm, 425,

Schingastia, 21, 22, 152, 314.

Behingaafia, Key to Adult and Nymphs,

Schéngastia, Key to Larvae, 228.

Schéugastiella, 19, 22, 279, 282, 312, 393.

schupfneri, Neoschongastia, 159, 382:

schuffneri, Schéngastia (Schéngastia), 159,

228, 377, SB2. ;

schuynert, Trombicula, 159, 382,

seincoides, ‘T'rombicula (Neotrombicula),

114, 118, 349, 351,

scincoides, Trombicula, 114, 351.

scincoides,, f. typ., Trombicula (Neotrombi-

cula), 41.

scincoides, Trombieula (Neotrombiculn), f£.

ex. Hollandia, 43.

acutellaris, Trombicula, 58,

scutellaris, Trombicula (? Leptotrombid-

ium), 34, 58,

shieldsi, Neoschéngastia, 217,

shieldai, Schdngastia (Ascoschdngastia),

239,

signata, Schéngastia (Ascoachéngastia),

174, 232,

similis, Neoschdngastia, 214,

uit, Schéngaatia (AscoschOngastia), 214,

émithi, Neoschongastia, 225.

smithi, Schéngastia (Ascoschongastia), 226,

241,

sobrina, Trombieula, 85,

sobrina, Trombieula (? Trombicula), 37,

soekabaemiensis, Neaschéngastia, 212,

scekaboemiensis, Schéngastia (Aseoschén-

gastia), 212, 238.

soekaboemiensiz, Trombtcula, 212,

southeotti, Trombicula, 46, 138.

Speotrombieula, 313, 324,

spicea, Trombicula, 107, 360.

spicea, Trombicula (Eutrombieuwla), 107.

Spicea, Trombicula (Neotrombicula), 39,

107, 350, 360,

apinulosa, Gateria, 309,

spinulosa, Gahrliepia (Gateria), 285, 300.

aplendemn, Trombicula (Trombienla), 327,

squamifera, Trombicula, 47, 140,

squamosa, Trombicula, 47, 141.

squamosus, Trombiculindus, 47, 141,

strongi, Neoschéngastia, 249, 273,

struthidia, Neoschingastia, 265, 274.

sylvestris, Trombiculg, 45, 183,

tamiyai, Tragardhula, 23, 27.

tamtiyai, Trombieula, 27,

tanakat, Kedania, 67.

taphozons, Trombieula, 42, 122.

taylort, Schangastia, 160,

taylori, Schingastia, (Sehéngastia), 160,

229.

Tocomatlana, 20, 145,

thalsahuate, Trombicula, 333.

thomasi, Neoschingastia, 266, 276.

thomasi, Paraschingastia, 266,

thori, Trombicula, 421.

tindalei, Guntherang, 373, 374.

tindalei, Trambicula, 374.

tithwalensis, Trombiculs, 123.

tithwalensia, Trombicula (? Leptotrombil-

ium), 35.

Tragardhula, 19, 313, 314.

Tragardhula, Key to Adults, 315.

Tragardhula, Key to Larvae, 22.

translucens, Guntherana, 373, 375.

tranalucena, Trombicula, 375.

traubi, Trombicula (%? Neotrombienla), 35,

traubi, Schoéngastia (Aseoschongastia),

222, 240

tovelli, Trombicula (7 Neotrombicula), 41,

116, 118,

trichoguri, Schingastia (Ascoschéngastia),

217, 239.

trichosurt, Neoschdéngastia, 217,

trifurca, Speotrombicula, 324.

trifurca, Trombicula, 324,

Trisetica, 20, 145,

Trombicula, 20, 31, 313, 314, 325.

Trombicula s. str. Key to subgen, and app.

of Laryse, 32,

Trombicula, Key to Adult aubgenera, 326.

Trombicula, Key to Adults and Nymphs,

327.

Trombiculidae, 13.

Trombicnlidae, Key to Larval Subfams. and

Gen, 19,

Trombiculidae, Key to Adults and

Nymphs, 312.

Trombiculinae, 19, 312, 314,

Trombiculoides, 20, 149, 422.

turmatis, Gahrliepia, 288.

tutmalis, Gahrliepia, (Walehia), 281, 283,

turmalizs, Walchia, 288.

Lyphiothrombium, 279, 293.

uromys, Ascoschéngastia, 172.

uromys, Schougastia (Ascoschéngastia} 172,

23h,

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 435

vanderghinstei, Trombicula, 34, 62.

vandersandei, Allothrombidium, 156.

nandersandei, Microthrombidium, 156,

vandersandei, Schéngastia (Schéngastia),

155, 228.

vandersandei, Thrombidium, 155.

van der Sandei, Thrombidium, 156,

vanommereni, Trombioula, 332,

vanommerent, Eutrombicula, 332,

vyanommereni, Trombicula (Trombicula),

327, 382.

velascoi, Tragardhula, 315, 320.

velascoi, Trombicula (Megatrombioula),

320,

velascoi, Trombicula, 320,

vespertilionis, Myotrombicula, 148.

vieta, Schéngastia (Schongastia), 163, 229,

377, 387.

vietzi, Trombicula, 44, 130.

villosa, Trombicula (7? Leptotrombidium),

35, 60.

walchi, Trombicoula, 34, 62.

Walchia, 19, 22, 279, 280, 312, 393.

Walchtinae, 19, 278, 312, 392.

westraliense, Microtrombidium, 388.

westraliensis, Neoschéngastia, 219.

westraliensis var. trichosuri, Neoschongastia,

217,

westraliense, Schongastia, 219, 377, 383.

westraliensis, Schéngastia (Ascoschéngas-

tia), 219, 240, 383,

whartoni, Schéngastia (Schéngastia), 161,

229.

wichmanni, Allothrombiwm, 87,

wichmanni, Microtrombidiwm, 87.

wichmanni, Trombicwa, 88,

wichmanni, Trombicula (Hutrombicula), 88,

wichmanni, Trombidium, 87, 336.

wichmanni, Trombidium (Heterotrombt-

dium), 87.

wichmanni, Trombicula (Trombiculz), 37,

87, 327, 336,

womersleyi, Neoschongastia, 191.

womersleyi, Schéngastia (Ascoschongastia),

191, 235,

wongabelensis, Schongastia (Ascoschéngas-

tia), 224, 241,

yeomansi, Neoschéngastia, 257, 275.

yeomansi, Paraschéngastia, 257.

yeomansi, Schéngastia, 165.

RECORDS

OF THE

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM

VOLUME X

Tue SCRUB-TYPHUS anp SCRUB-ITCH MITES

(TROMBICULIDAE, ACARINA) or THE

ASIATIC-PACIFIC REGION

PART 2 (PLATES)

Published by The Museum Board, and edited by the

Museum Director

Price: {1 1s.

ApgLaipe, Marcu 1, 1952

PRINTED AT THE HASSELL PRESS, 104 CURRIE STREET

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as ao periodical.

THE SCRUB-TYPHUS AND SCRUB-ITCH

MITES (TROMBICULIDAE, ACARINA)

OF THE ASIATIC-PACIFIC REGION

BY H. WOMERSLEY, ENTOMOLOGIST.

PLATES 1-118

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

438

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

+39

PLATE 1,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

440

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-yayo yo dy ‘dred ‘q ‘(goog X) wnynos ‘q “U “ds viqoyoab ONY PLVBDLT “A-d

‘ITT Se, Jo susaezejom pue susiey ‘O ‘dyed ‘g

£(00g X) waynes “W *(OS6T TTA PUR dipyq) owhlnf onypanbosy, “O-V

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WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB Ty¥PHUS MITES

PLATE 2,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

442

‘(Oc6T ‘dir pue sssogq ‘oyemmy sree) ‘(90g X) wngnos

% “(OZ6T “7 72 OfeZeN) Dipamsazur CuniprquosjojdayT) vyroiguosy °O

‘Byos [eszop ‘qf Bios [Rates ‘OQ 2 TIT 62]

Jo snsieyeyaut pur snsiey ‘Ny ‘ersorpaya jo dry ‘yr dyed “J ‘(ogg x) wy

-nos ‘yy (BIEL “70 72 Ofe3eN) Dpyyod (iuniprqueo.wojdaTy) vpnoiqmoty *q-M

“BYO8

Teszop ‘pe feyos [votes pure esaorjayo Jo diy ‘y ‘dyed Ty ‘(ooe X) wHynos

‘ “EZGT Woe Ay Maahiuyosuaynay (umnyprquosgojday ,) vynoqueosy “P-O

"BIOS TBSLOP “WT fT[] Pal FO Susaepejpom pur

snsiey ‘yf fejos peered ‘q@ feaeorpeyo Jo dy ‘Mp ‘dyed ‘gq ‘(gog xX) wmynos

‘vy (6IGT “mm 19 OkRS8eN) suypdd (unipiquosgojdaT) Bywoquosy “A-V

;

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

SSS :

PLATDH 3,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

444

"eyas [Tesaop ‘y ‘dyed ‘Fy ‘eyes [eores

pure Brsaray ‘5 + (Gog ><) wines ‘A feta peaqued “GE SMOTA Testop “q

‘po CL ‘souetmery ‘u "ds Mppjoa0un)? (wnipiquiosjojdaTy 5) vinaquotyT I-d

‘(qo 7a oyemngyy Jee) dyed ‘9

‘(00¢ X) wumnynos ‘qf ‘sMataA Jey [erjuea Aye, puke Jyey 1YySII Tessop “W

‘OC6T ‘diy pue ssiegq ‘opemny wal CumeprquosojzdaT 4) vjynaquos, “Q-V

‘~ ULVId

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

PLATE 4.

446 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATH 5.

A-F, Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) macocus sp. nu. Lawrence, T. J. A,

dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, scatum (x 500); D, tip of chelicera and

galeal seta; E, palp; F, dorsal seta.

GL. Trombicula (? Leptotrombidium) dux sp. n. G, dorsal view; H, ventral

view; I, seutum (x 500); J, tip of chelicera and galeal seta; K, palp;

Li, dorsal seta.

447

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC Scrurn Typuus MITES

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

448

“Bes [RsIOp ‘GQ ‘Byes [Reyes ‘N * (ONG X)

muuynas ‘JC COLGT ‘}durnagq) vysmimpyo (uniprquosjojdaT) Dynoiquo.y “O-W

‘ejos [Rees pue Razaoljayo jo dy ‘ry ‘dyed ‘Sy f (ogg &) unos ‘ff MATA

Testop ‘[ "AOU Sisuanung “fF Sisuayap (iumipiquiojojdaT) BynovgwotyT “T-T

‘Bas [esIop “TT ! eyes Teares “N 5 (00G x)

wmnnes “Ah ESET TPTRAL SiSuayap (wenipiquodzojdey) pynoiquosy "FI

“TIT Say JO susiezejou pue snsie] “y ¢ eyes

Tesiop ‘q ‘ByoS Joes pure eBavsotaya Jo dy ‘g ‘dyed ‘gq ‘(gg0¢ x) wnynos

‘yw -(OZET “J? #2 OSUBEN) SluDa]Nas (lUNniprquasjoj}daT 4) DpIigMOoLy, “A-¥

9 LV Id

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIG ScrkUB TypHUS MITES

449

PLATE 6.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

450

‘q Saata Tesiop

‘died ‘J °(o90¢ ><) wnynos

“FT ‘MOA Telquea ‘ ‘MOTA [eSIop ‘q ‘W “ds Ssiswaypzuy DnDIQMOLy, “Tq

“dyed ‘ay ‘ easorpeya ‘q * (00¢ &) WnyNos ‘9 f MOTA [BI}UEA

Vo cu ‘ds vsoqia (wnipiquosuojday 4) ninogquory “q-V

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PacIFic ScRUL TYPHUS MITES

451

PLATE 7.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

452

“Byas

yeoyes pue erootpeyo ‘ge ‘dred ‘7 ‘(ggg X) wnynos FT ‘Mora [eajuea “DH

{Mora [eszop ‘q *(CPGET SUING) Wazynf (unprquosnojdaT) vynmquoty "POA

‘dred ‘q {eyes [vaye3 pue eaxaorpeya ‘qq ‘(99g X) TNyMos “OH f MOTA TeLpUAA “gf

{Mola Jessop ‘yu ‘ds vpasibuo] (wnipiquosojday ¢) vynoqwuosy, “U-¥

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIC SCRUB 'T¥YPHUS MITES

PLATE 8,

RECORDS OF THE S.A, MUSEUM

454

“By}OS [Boles

pue eisotpeyo Sy fdred ‘f ‘(90g X) wmynos ‘Tf matA [erpuoA ‘FT (ware

jestop ‘H “(GPE ‘SurMGT) Sisuauing (anaiquo.ojdey) nyroiquosy, “-Y

‘gaootpeya Jo dy ‘4q ‘dyed ‘q ‘(00g X)

wunynos ‘QC THET ‘toyytg vysngou (wnipiquiosjopdaTy 4) vynoguosy ‘A-T

‘naaatpeya Jo dy ‘9 ‘dred ‘g

£(90g X) wngnos Sy cu ds Dyzunehuw (uprquodjojday) vinaquoLyt “D-¥

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455

EY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

WoOMERSL

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

456

‘ejas [estop ‘pf ‘dyed ‘7 ‘(oge >) wmynos ‘Fy f Mata TerpuaA

UL Fey Fysit “HS Mota Tessop Ul Fey yo, (qu ‘ds oynd opmoiqwmouy “PW

‘ejas Tesaop ‘aq ‘dyed ‘q ‘(gQ¢ X) wmynos ‘9 ‘MorTA [eaqUeA UL Tey

qqst ‘gq fMora [esaop UT Jyey yer ‘y cu ‘ds sundyodnund vpnogumoret “i -W

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES 457

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SSS ZAPF

PLATE 10,

458 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATE 11.

A-F. Trombicula (Neotrombicula) fordi sp. n. Lawrence, T. J. A, right half

in dorsal view; B, left half in ventral view; C, seutum (> 500); D, dorsal

seta; E, palp; F, tip of chelicera and galeal seta.

GK. Trombicula (? Neotrombicula) traubi sp. nu. G, right half in dorsal

view; H, left half in ventral view; I, scutum (x 500); J, palp; K, dorsal

seta.

459

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

—

es, i

a ge OSS

end —

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NN ~ =

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ss, oi

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RECORDS OF THE 5.A. MUSEUM

460

IT] So] Jo susiejejom pure snsivy ‘] + eles [eares pue eavsotpya jo dy ‘Fy

‘dyed ‘9 ‘(goog X) wns “We *GZET “|SATET @DIPUDJJOY-avAoUu DyRIIgQUwot], “T-wA

‘dred ‘q ‘ejos [vores pure Basorpatpo

yo dn ‘q ‘(o0¢ X) wines ‘9 £ (1078 ToqzE) MoTA TerqUaA ‘g ‘ (1oJeH 191zR)

MOTA TBSIop “W “(ZEET Jo}eH) vinysvYy (Dinorquosjoany) DjnagwuoLy, “T-V

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WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACcIFIC ScRUB TyrpHus MITES

461

PLATE 12,

RECORDS OF THE $.A. MUSEUM

462

‘TIT Se, Jo susaejejaur

pue susaey ‘ry fdyed ‘y ‘(gg¢ &) mmynos ‘pp su ‘ds Dutugos vpRaiquiesy ‘TI-L

‘TIT Se] Jo snsaejejatt pue snsie} ‘T ‘Byes [Bayes “TY ‘ exoVT[ayo

yo dy ‘4 dred “1 ‘(00g XX) wugnos ‘AT LZGT ‘Moquirg tysury dynargiuo..e = 'T-H

‘TTT Say JO susaeyejeut pues snsiey ‘q ‘eareoreya Jo dy ‘9 ‘dyed ‘¢

£(00¢ ) Wmynos ‘Vy ‘(EZ6T Ute mM) Dede (DpNIIQUO.LjOIN) DIRIQuUOLE, ‘OV

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463

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

464

‘gaoorfayo JO diy ‘Ww

‘ded ‘qT ‘(o90¢X) wmynos ST‘ (oFET ‘Woyey AA) Snianjd Dynotquoty “WS

“edaoT[aya JO diy

‘pe tdped ‘y ‘(99g &) umynos Fy *(9FGT ‘TOWRy A) SnouD DynaIqMoty * PT

‘TIT Be, Jo snsavyejyour pue snsaey ‘49 Seasarpayo Jo dy ‘y + dyed ‘gq + (ogg X)

twinjnos ‘qT *(GOBT “SPNO) wMmuDUYyoIM COPRaIquosy) DRoIQuory~ “O-d

‘IIT 59, JO snsiviejeu pus

snsae} ‘9 fdred ‘gq ‘(ope x) uminos ‘yu ‘ds pepydazqn vynalquosy, “O-V

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB Ty¥PHUS MITES

465

PLATE 14,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

466

‘TIT 39, JO susaejeyeut pur snsav} ‘ry f exaorpey Jo dy ‘y ‘dyed ‘p

*(Q0G XX) vwnqnes ‘T *(FFGT “Wo MA) DtliauDs (pynotguicsjoaN) vyNIquiet yz *TI-T

‘ITI Sey JO susavpejeut pure susie} ‘Fy ‘ Bavotpeyp fo dy ‘py + dyed ‘a

£(go¢ X) UMynos ‘HE ‘EEGT WOM wwoquns (npnoiquots) Djnoiqiuety “TI-A

‘IIT Sap go Susivpejeu pue susie} ‘ql * BLVOTpEyD

jo dy ‘9 ‘dyed ‘g ‘(00g X) wmynos ‘y -u “ds sapromosobh) vnogquory, “G-¥

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

467

PLATE 15,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

468

"eyes Tesaop ‘Ty fezeotpaya Jo dry Sy ‘dyed ‘p * (goe x)

wnjnos ‘y “(GFGL ‘“PloTPRY) Vutsaqnjoo (Hwasuog) oynoiquosL TT]

TT] S97 FO susrezejett pue snare. ‘FT ‘ easorpeyo Jo

dn ‘9 ‘dyed ‘a ‘(o9¢ X) wnynos ‘Gq “BEET “TOyTUND) tone Dynorquoty “H-W

‘TIT Sea] Fo suszeyejom puv snsaey ‘q¢ f Basarpeya Jo dry

‘y tdyed ‘gq ‘(00g ><) wnynos ‘WY ‘QEGT ‘WOAA SRdoLoDM HnoIGQwuoryL “C-V

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES

469

PLATE 16,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

470

‘elaalpya ‘yy ‘dyed

“7 §(Q0¢ X) wmynas ‘Sy faota [esaop ‘Pu ‘ds piafinend pnoiqwuot.y "W-E

‘gavorpeyo Jo dry ‘y ‘dyed “WZ

‘(90g X) TINyNos ‘g) *(ZR6T ‘19}85) naods (pynogMo4o9N) Dynarwquody “[-O

"eraorpeyo Jo dy ‘yp ‘dyed ‘gy * (00g X)

munjnos ‘CT ‘(ZeGT “lereH) vpuni (pprarqiuosjoay i) Dynorquory ‘A-d

‘(qnery, pur digg sayye) died ‘9 ‘(00g X) wmynos ‘g ‘SsMaTA [B.AQTIOA

qJel pue [esiop ws ‘y “OSET ‘quer, pur drm wing vnorquory ‘O-V

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

472

‘(OJOUILSNG a}ze)

T “S86T ‘OjouIEsNg myryss: DINaQuoLy “WT

died Fae! (oge ><) wn nos

‘eaootpaya Jo dry ‘yp ‘dyed

L ‘LEGT ‘Uowqun tunssiu vynaiqwosy ~*~ S~T

‘pe §(goe X) Sado pe winds

‘yas [Rates ‘TT fearoorfayo Jo dy ‘4H ‘dyed “a ‘ (oog <)

tmuynos ‘Hp ‘COFRGT ‘AayUNH) Ssisuopog Cunepiquosjopdo7]) vynaIquosyE “TH

‘(oog X) unynos ‘qi feaaotpeya Jo dy ‘p ‘dyed

‘gq {MOTA Tea]UAA ]JoT puv Testop yystt ‘y ‘u “ds tpp]qpun]) vjnoiqwos., “Q-V

‘BT AV Td

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

474

‘edaatpoya yo dy ‘pe ‘dyed

+ f(oope X) Tynes ‘FY “U ‘ds 47900} (opnorqlowjoaN i) ByRowqueosy *F-TT

‘dyed “9

1) opnorquio.g O-a

‘(joe X) wnynas (FEET “WOM 197404 (Mpna1quo.cjoa |

‘IT] Sa] Jo Susaejejow pue snsxe} “q * (90G X)

BIPUBT[OT] WorfF Woy Jo wnyHos ‘q {easorjoyo yo dy ‘9 ‘dyed “g ‘ (90¢ X<)

mnynos “y (PRET “MOA\) Saptoowtas (DnIIQuiosjoIN) BpnogUuoLy “A-V¥

‘6T MLV Id

475

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIc ScruB TypHus MITES

‘6L ALV Id

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

476

‘died ‘Feo'(oo¢ &) wujnes fy cu ds pipiina Dynorgeto.ey, “WT

TI] Se] Jo ovxos ‘y fejos peares ‘Pp Spyos

pestop ‘J ‘dyed ‘TT ‘(ope X) wines ‘4H cu ‘ds sesuaolns Dpnaiquedy yI-

‘dyed “a i (oge X) tunjnas ‘ny ie “ds Sestoueuysny DNILGUOLE, *y-oOL

‘dred ‘q ‘(oog X<) wnynas 4) ‘tw ‘ds sesuahunpanyy oynaiqwuo.y “G-)

‘dyed ‘q '(o9g <) wmgnos ‘Woot ‘ds sisuacodynqqnl pynaque.y, “q-V

‘06 GLY Tel

WOMERSLEY— ASIATIC-PaActvic ScruB TYPHUS MITES

+77

PLATE 20,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

478

‘dyed ‘ry Svjas yeapes puv vaaaipeye jo du Sy f (goe &) winds ‘fp ¢yyey

[RATWIA JYSta “T SFpey [estop aye, ‘Jp “ucds sisuaunmnpgozuny vyrarquodz_ ‘T-TT

eyes peopes “H idjed ‘yt (go@ &) wynos ‘op fypey

[eqqUAA JYSLE ‘CE Sy[VYy [wsiop dol, “OM ‘uU cds sisuaponypep. OpOguoLE “H-(

‘died ‘q ‘(o0¢ X) Wines ‘yu ds srozoydn) Hinoiquiesy, “Gq-V¥

‘Te MLV'Id

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAciFic ScRUB TYPHUS MITES

479

PLATE 21,

S.A. MUSEUM

THE

RECORDS Of

“(00G X) WHJDOG "[LEGL ‘SUIMG VjootNeLad DpMOIQuiOeT “SM

‘TIT day, Jo snsaepejom pue suse} ‘fe Seaantjeyo Jo ty ‘7

‘dred ‘ip! (90g X) wWnynas ‘9 CLEGL Uopeyquan(), Maye Domo. “f-H

‘vjas Tessop qT dyed ‘op ‘vyzes [Raped pue esaotpayo “q * (00¢ <)

WNyNos “Cf SAOLA [BsaOp ‘qi MaIA TRIUaA ‘Ww ‘u “ds tuozrng vynogwMoLL “WV

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ASIATIC-PACIFICG ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 481

WOMERSLEY

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MUSEUM

RECORDS OF THE S.A.

482

‘1]} Bol FO sMsavpepou pue snsaey ‘ry S eaeatpy Jo dip Sy typed ‘pe

‘(90g &) wnunos ‘pf cepgE ‘WoMeyM ByLef (MporqioLy) oOPQMoLy T-]

‘dyed ‘FS (00g X) wMynos ‘4 SsaaTeYy [etyUIA

ye, pue pesiop WSU WA “OC6T “query, pue diyiyd wyposut ppnoiquos., ‘TI

"eyes [weTes ‘ny fvaaolpayo Jo dy ‘q

ad 'S36T WR AM Prydesuap vynorquery “A-d

idjed ‘9 ‘(00g X) Wngnos

"(SP6L “dsvoH

pue ‘Wor, Joye) ‘(QOG X) UNyWG “OZ MopeET kevoo vynaiquosy -“¥

‘86 HLVTd

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES

483

PLATE 23.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

484

‘dyed ‘yp ‘eaverpya go dry ‘f fyase yt “(gog XX) wos ‘7 Ssaapey [BayueA

aap pue [Bestop Upsta “TT “OcET ‘quvay, pure APNY Stspsaaphs VNIIQMOeL “S-E

‘(OOG X~) UMYMWAg "TEE SULA taorord Ynoiquesy = "D

"(00g X) NANOS “WT

‘dyed ‘a ‘mora [BajuaaA CU ‘Mera [esaop ‘( ‘u ‘ds 14a0a) vynoigwmosy “\A-O

‘dred ‘gq ‘(09g X) wnynos Sy tu ds paunout nyroiquoty “q-V¥

‘6 GALVId

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

486

‘Blas [RaTea ‘NY f RLaoTpayD Jo dy FW ‘dyed “Ty

£(00¢ X) wnynos ‘ST 'EFET “ds

BIFT PUB “ULOAA ISuaLcpond Ninartquos, ‘NST

‘ITT Bay Jo snsaeyejpout pure snsrey ‘Pp ‘eyes [eoTed “T ‘ Baaotpeyo

jo dy ‘gy ‘dyed ‘9 ‘(o0g¢ X) mnynes “AU ‘ds eiuyiyd opnnquorz ‘PA

‘(90g X) sedo pue winqnos “Gq ‘dred ‘q {eyes Teares pue vavootpeyo Jo dy ‘9

‘sata [etjUeA ‘gg fMOTA TRSIOP “VW

“(CLGT ISITFL) Suazoor.7h vynoiquaty “A-V¥

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

‘dyed ‘Ty '(o0¢ X) wmgnos ‘yy ‘u ‘ds ayooyjnes njnogwot.y -3I

‘edootpaya jo dy ‘p Sdyed J * (ggg X) Umno

Fy {Mata Teajuea “9 fata [estop {qo Ww dS tamauyoumafinl pynaiquosy *P—

“dyed ‘i

fejes yeoyes pue viastyo jo dy ‘q ‘(90g X) whines ‘9 ‘Mara TerpUaA

Ul FTBY sta ‘qq ‘Mata Tessop Ur Jyey ogo, ‘YW ‘u “ds vppad vynoiqwo.y, “q-V

96 HIV Id

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIG SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

PLATE 26,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

490

‘Bjas [Bares pue Baootpeyo Jo dy ‘y ‘dyed ‘FW ‘(00 X) wN{Nds

‘ry £MOTA TRAWOA 4 fMaTA Testop ‘qT cu ‘ds Duafrumnbs DynorquosE ‘T-i

‘dred ‘q {(o9¢ X) wmynos ‘9 faoquea Jo JPY AT “A

Smmsaop Jo Fey Wpsr1 “vy

(1G6I SURAT pur qneay) DPDIUNA DINIMNQUOLE “U-V

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49],

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

‘le ULV

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

492

‘pyes peared ‘T ‘dyed ‘H ‘(00g X) wHynas ‘y MoTA TByUA

‘g {mata yesaop ‘a “(TEST SuBAM PUe queasy) veonI0f Hynoquort “T-H

“dyed ‘q ‘(00¢ >) wmynos ‘— + akors.

enusa ‘g¢ {Mora Tesiop “FY “(LEGT ‘“plogpey) vsownnbs wnaquoly “q-¥

‘86 HLV Id

AsIATIC-PACiIFIC ScRUB T¥PHUS MITES 493

WoOMERSLEY

/ ;

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

494

“(suvATT PUB qneAy,

41ajjye) vasotjayo Jo dy ‘AA i dyed ‘9 § (90g ><) UNynas “Af Aeytiea J[VYy yy SLt

‘umsiop Jey Wel ‘A "(OCG ‘SueAnT pue query) weazaw punzomovag ‘TI-OW

"Byas

Jeojes pue atqrpueu ‘q ‘dred ‘9 ‘(90g X) wmnynoes ‘g ‘ae}ueA JTey JusTI

‘unstop Jey wel ‘¥ ‘u "dS Mositupy (OpItquiesjoa Ny) DINIQuO4LT “G-W

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WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 495

= a SY a me" ene —

fa: = oo

‘& Se SS te

SS << Raa

aN SS ES 7 &

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PLATE 29,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

496

‘IIT 5a, fo snsuvyejour

pue susie} ‘Ty tees [esiop ‘sy eyes pRaped ‘p Sdped ‘yp feavorpeqa yo dry

‘AS (00g X) unines “4 (oEGT “dsvaqy pur ‘woM) tol viduysnazy TE-9

‘TIL Se]| JO susaejepet pus

snsiv} “q ‘elas Tesiop “Wy ‘ Bjes [eeTed ‘q ‘ejqipueu ‘9 ‘dred ‘gq ‘(g0¢ XxX)

wnynos ‘y ‘EPGT “dsvayy pue “WloM siwoiutsadsad wynoiquMouoAR, ‘aq-Vv

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PLATE 380,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

498

‘IIT 88] JO snsaeqejaut pue snsivy ‘TT ‘ epes [es1op ‘pH ‘ eBjo8

peoyes ‘a Seaoorayo Jo du ‘a ‘dyed ‘q ‘(ogg X) wnynos ‘OM Sota TeayUaA

‘gq ‘MOTA [eSIop “W

‘LEGL ‘STYOM PUR “MLO AA SisuatNO DInIIQuiO.OQON “Y-V

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WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

499

PLATE 31,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

500

‘dyed ‘p {vavoyeyo go du ‘yf (gog X) wnyuos ‘yy SAerA [Baye “4 + ALTA

yesiop ‘

A ‘(OBL “Spug) wpunssapune (vYyspbuoyos) oyspbucyoy Load

‘(00g X) wmynoas ‘gf ‘dyed ‘q {eyes [ayes pur Baaorpaya “pO * Mata [RajUaA “Gq

‘AMOIA [BSLOp “VW

“(OZGT ‘WTRM) Supwapno (vysphuoyag) wysnbugyag ‘G-V

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

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PLATRH 32.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. Mus

502

“(90g X) TMynos ‘fp feavorpoya Jo dry ‘T ‘dyed ‘Ty ‘ors [exptea

‘yy SOTA [RSIOP “A OPGE “eqUNH woping (Mysnbuoyog) puspbuoyog * PA

“(Q0e %) wmnynos ‘op f dyed ‘q Seraorpeyo Jo dry 4) fMOLA TRIJUWIA “ET

‘mata yesiop ‘VY *(EZ6T ‘PTR AL) Mawd/nyos (nysnbuayay) pysobuayag “WV

‘6S WLV Td

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUL TYPHUS

MITES

PLATE 33.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

504

‘praorpeyo Jo diy ‘pe ‘dred ‘J ‘(00g X) wmynos “Fy f ioTA

yeajea “9 SMearA [esIop ‘qu ‘ds Dynzuapiq (wysnbugyog) Dusnbuoyog *p—

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PAGIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

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506 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATE 35.

A-E. Schéngastia (Schéngastia) vieta Gater, 1932. A, dorsal view; B, vent-

ral view; C, scutum (X 500); D, palp; E, chelicera.

FJ. Schingastia (Schéngastia) philipi Wom, and Kohls, 1947. F, dorsal

view; G, ventral view; II, sentum (x 500); I, palp; J, chelicera.

WomeRSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUR TYPHUS MITES 507

PLATE 85,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

508

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

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512 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATE 38.

A-E. Schéngastia (Schéngastia) maldiviensis Radford, 1946. A, dorsum;

B, venter; C, scutum (x 500); D, palp; E, chelicera.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaAcIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

PLATE 38.

513

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

514

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“ejas yeares puv vavorays Jo dry ‘gy ‘dyed ‘q ‘ (og¢ X) wes a)

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515

PLATE 39.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

516

'(00G X) wNynas ‘Tf toqteA

FI wusiop 9 "(OPEL “eyyUNH) vrpyof (wYysoBuocyrsoosP) vispBuoyos “T-9

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“a ‘dred ‘Ww * (006) wnjnos ‘q ‘eaoorpya Jo dy ‘9 ‘aequea ‘gy Sums

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

520

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WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACcIFIC ScRUB TyPaus MITES

PLATE 42,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

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PLATE 48.

RECORDS OF THE $.A. MUSEUM

524

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qT “(ZE6T “T8IeH) sypgopnue (DYSDHuoYasoasy) DYSKAUBYIS, “A-T

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‘paBampoo a, pur dry)

sisuaddyiyd (nigspbuoyasoosy )

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

528

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

530

‘dyed ‘iq ‘ ummsaop

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

PLATE 47,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

532

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‘Ragotpayo Jo dy ‘yq ‘dyed ‘gy ‘suoryerys pue eeyzos Tesrop “q

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533

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScruB TyPpHUS MITES

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

534

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WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

535

PLATE 49,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

536

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PLATE 50,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

538

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

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PLATE 52,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

542

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB

TypHus MITES

PLATE 53.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

544

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

PLATE 54,

MUSEUM

RECORDS OF THE S.A.

546

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

547

PLATE 58,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

548

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WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PacIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS, MITES

551

PLATE 57.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

552

‘Byas jvayeS pure etaorpayo Jo diy ‘Tt ‘(90g X) uMyNdS “FT faayuaa ‘4

Sumsiop “T “(6ST “WOAQ) Byanetap CorpsnBugyosoosyy ) nysphueyog “Toa

“dyed ‘q ‘ ejas

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89 CLLV'Td

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIG SCRUB TypHus MITES

PLATE 58,

MuSEUM

RECORDS OF THE S.A.

554

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W OMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

555

PLATE 49,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

556

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559

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

‘T9 MLV Id

RECORDS oF THE S.A. MUSEUM

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WoMERSLEY—As1aTIC-PacIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES 561

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PLATE 62,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

562

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69 HLV'Id

WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPpHUS MITES

PLATE 65.

564 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATE 64.

A-D. Schéngastia (Ascoschéngastia) raui sp. n. <A, dorsum; B, venter;

C, seutum (x 500); D, palp.

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

PLATE 64,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

566

‘(dsvayy pure ‘WOAy) lazpG “A sisuasutims (oYyspbugyosoosy ) pysvbuoyoy 3S

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‘69 MLV Id

ASIATic-PACcIFIc SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 567

WOMERSIEY

69 ALY Id

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

568

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TyPNUS MITES

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PLATE 67,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

572

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PLATE 68.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

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69 LY Tel

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

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‘

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WoOMERSLEV—ASIATIC-PacIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES

577

PLATE 70.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

578

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‘6261 ‘acayUNy wsuvmosh vysphuoyasoay “Y-V

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC Scruy Typaus MITES

PLATE 71.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

580

‘gyas [Boyes pue vasotpoya Jo dy Sy ‘(nog xX)

wnjuos ‘fp faejuaA ‘y fwnsiop FA ‘u “ds vehmojzwa viyspbuoyosoay “W-H

t “eyes [eayed pue vasorjayo Jo dy ‘y ‘dyed ‘a ¢ (00¢ X)

wnjnes ‘GT frejuea ‘q fumnsiop ‘Q ‘uu ‘ds taanbou nyspbupyosoan “H-D

‘dyed ‘gq ‘eyes [eejes pure eusorjeyo ‘y ‘u “ds sisuawno nysphuoyosoan “q-W

‘GL ALV Id

WoOMERSLEY-—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRuUB TypHus MITES

PLATE 72,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

582

‘(sueurepng 4eize) ‘(00S X)

tanqnes ‘4 {tayuea ‘(q funsiop ‘GT *(ZI6T “SPRO) Mupos DYsHBuQyosoaN “H-H

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‘(prozpey toyye) ‘(00g X) WNInaS

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‘djeq ‘uw ds nzfimozua vyspbuoyosoan

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB

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TyYPHuS MITES

583

PLATE 73.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

584

“(prep pue “prey Ay taqze) “(00S X)

tunineg ‘OFGL ‘opTseeparTY puB woprey Ay 8Stta7/0]D DUSPHUGYISOa AT “FT

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

586

* (00g ><)

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WOMERSI-E¥Y—ASTATIC-Pacific Scrup Typuus MITES

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

588

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“(BEGT “TAHEA)) opaua CmyPPAL) BIGNYOD “XN

‘a *(99¢ X) wnynos ‘

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\WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

‘OL TLV TL

590 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATE 77.

A. Gahrliepia (Watchia) rioi Gunther, 1940. Seutum (> 500).

B-F. Gahrliepia (Schéngasticlla) ligula (Radford, 1946). B, dorsum; C,

venter; D, seutum ( 500); E, palp; F, tip of chelicera.

G-L. Gahriiepia (Schongastiella) ceylonica sp. u. G, dorsum; H, venter;

J, seutum (x 500); J, palp; K, tip of chelicera; L, coxa of leg IT.

ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 591

WOMERSLEY

“hh SY

PLATE 77.

ECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

592

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‘(90¢ X) TWHMeg “(ETET ISU) Sesuappluaqg (ojypispbugyoy) vidarsypy -¢

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‘8L MLV Id

593

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

“BL DLV Td

594 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATE 79.

A-D. Gohrliepia (Gahrhiepia) insigne sp. n. <A, venter; B, dorsum; C,

seutum (x 500); D, palp.

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 595

i oP ae /

patna

PLATE 79.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

596

‘dred ‘qi * (00¢ X)

mnjnas ‘9 faayuea ‘gq ‘unsiop ‘yu ‘ds psoaap (oidaysyop) pidaysyny “q-¥

08 HLV Id

597

WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaciFic ScrusB TypHus MITES

‘US OLE Tel

598 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATE 81.

A-D. Gahrliepia (Gahrliepia) ornata sp. n. A, dorsum; B, venter; C, seutum

(Hx 500); D, palp.

599

WOoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC ScRUB TyPHUS MITES

PLATE 81.

600 RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

PLATE 82.

A. Gahrliepia (Gahriiema) cetrata Gater, 1982. Seutum ( 500).

B-D. Gahrliemia (Gateria) hirsuta (Radford, 1946). B, scutum (Xx 500); C,

palp; D, tip of chelicera.

F. Gahrliepia (Gateria) lancearia (Radford, 1946). Scutum (x 500).

KE. Gahrliepia (Gateria) longipili (Radford, 1946). Seutum (X 500).

G. Gahrliepia (Gateria) crecidura (Radford, 1946). Seutum (xX 500).

601

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PacirFic ScruB TypHus MITES

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

602

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‘eraorpaya Jo diy ‘Fy ‘dyed

“gy £(90e X) wWnynes ‘A = SS6T “tevRH iwayojay (niagny) nidensyo) “Ta

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“(og X) uMynag §“ZeET ‘TJeH vevIPIO (vI49zD)) oidaypypy "

“grodrjatp Jo diy ‘9

‘dred ‘q { (og X) wanes “Y “ZEET “TOWN Wp (DL02DH) mdaysyny *O-¥

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

603

PLATE 83,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

604

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quoay ‘rT fwMuAeysopnesd YI TT pue [ oexoo Sy fMarA seyno ur ‘oVTp

‘p {MOIA JoUUL Ut snsiey pue erqi} yedyed ‘7 ‘easotpayo “F ‘ade 1yey pur

amoystdo ‘eysi1o ‘“ '}NpY *(SZ6T “WreAA) Stenpzaznosnon onypinbos.T, “N-D

‘gjas TeSJop Jotzoysod ‘7 ‘ susaezejom pue

snsae} qory ‘Wy {uInUte}sopnesd SurMoys TT pue J oex0d ‘qf MarA TaznO

UL snsTey pue eign pedyed ‘9 ‘Mors JaUUT UL SUsTey pue erqTy [edyed ‘gq isode

pue swojside ‘eystm ‘y 'yMpy “(FO6T “SPUQ) ouERU pnypwwhney ‘A-W

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605

WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PaAcIFIC ScRUB TYPHUS MITES

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

606

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LT 'Ulpy ‘(SFE ‘“uexE pure Tpeysoq) toosnzaa vprypepbve 7, “N-]

pue eystaa ‘

"BIOS [BSAOP IOTIo}

-sod ‘fT susavy PUB BIH UOT] “4 ALATA cotUL ‘suscey puR vIqy Tedped “yy

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WoOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

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607

PLATE 85.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

608

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

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ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES 4611

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEL

616

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WoMERSLEY—ASIATIC-Pacivic SCRUB TypHts MITES 617

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

618

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PacIFIc SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

619

PLATE 91,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

620

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

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PLATE 93.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

624

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WOMERSLEY—ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TYPHUS MITES

627

PLATE 95,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

628

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pue snsivz puoay (Q {Mat TaUUL ‘sns1e} pre viqi Tedyed ‘N ‘atmo jstda pues

vystio Wyo iyduidy ‘aatweaaery cu ‘ds tprof (pynoiqueadean) nyrarquoty “O-

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pure eis ‘9 :YdwsN “(geet ‘delwy) veowds (pnoiqueosjoany) Bynorgwuoty “T-O

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IoLiay}sod ‘qT fsusTB}BjaUE PUR suse} JuOAT ‘q SaRIES Z YM UoMtods Juva

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PLATE 96.

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

630

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Byst1o ‘NO 'yNpy “(Zk6T “aapuy) wessou (nynoiguoesj0aN) vynorgquoty *P-f)

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pue snsie} 4ywuory ‘GT fwMULe|sopnesd pue TT pur J] oexod ‘q ‘ALATA JayNO

‘OTP ‘OD fMOIA JOULE ‘susTeyRjoUL PT snsaze} [edyed ‘gq toutoystds pue eis

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‘oejos [eSIOp “J fslisavjejamA pure Ssnszey Woy ‘TT Sayqrpuem “yf MaTA

roo ‘OIP ‘fF SMolA dour ‘snsie] pue eBiqry, Tedyed ‘[ ! eyst1o “Fy : sueuepng

rayye ‘qdudn “(GOEL “SPNO) wnygourdour (wpnoiqueospoany) DNILQMO.LT “W-TH

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PLATE 99,

RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

636

“SHSIBILIOUL PUR Sse] pMoT “yy ftNMeysopnesd pire TT pue J sexoo “WwW

‘ouojsida pur visnio “TF syMpy “(eect ‘etpuy) dowabyy weysphuoyay “OAT

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pue snsie} puoay ‘] f mata aati ‘snsie} pur BIqt [edyed ‘y ‘autoystdo pie

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PLATE 101,

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640

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fUOAZ ‘Np SuNUAa}sophasd pur TT PUB Y oRXOd ‘Pf MoTA AojNO ‘OPTP ‘Tf AMOTA

qeuul ‘susavy puke ern pedyed ‘yz Sewoysida pur vysnio “yt qduetn TE

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pue snsae} Juoay ‘gy fwUMIe}sopnosd pue JT puB JT eexo0d ‘(yf Mala JayNO

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ASIATIC-PACIFIC SCRUB TyPHUS MITES

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RECORDS OF THE S.A. MUSEUM

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