CONTENTS OF VOLUME FOURTH.

BY WILLIAM COOPER.

Description of five speciesof Vespertilio - - - - -

On two species of Molossus - - - - > 2 :

On two species of Plecotus: - - - - - - ° .

BY ISAACHAR COZZENS.

Description of threenewfossils - - - - - «+ -

BY H. B. CROOM.

On tbe genus Sarracenia - - - - = 5 - =

BY JAMES B. DANA.

On anew mineralogical Nomeclature- - - - - -

BY ASA GRAY.

Remarks on the structure and affinities of the pexesaphgaaceie

Melanthacearum Americ septentrionalis revisio —- ‘

BY JOHN €. JAY.

Description ofnew speciesofshells - - - - - -

BY WILLIAM L. JONES.

On a new species of Woodpecker es Beige ss ell os

BY GEORGE N. LAWRENCE,

On a new species of Anser_ - = ot Eee 2

Ona new species of Procellaria - - - - - a

BY JOHN LE CONTE.

Ona new species of Apus - - - = = = *#© «= «

BY JOHN L. LE CONTE.

Monograph of the genus Passimachus- - -~— -

On Coleoptera indigenous to the eastern and western continents

Catalogue of Geodephagous Coleoptera of the United States -

BY O. W. MORRIS.

On the marae of Rain at different Heights oS awe

Meteorological Observations - - - - -

BY JOHN H. REDFIELD.

On the fossil fishes of Connecticut und Massachusetts

Description of some new species of shells - — -

On the characters of Cyprea reticolata and C. histrio

Descriptions of new species of Bullia and Marginella -

BY JOHN TORREY.

On the discoy ery of Vauquelinite in the United States - -

New genera and species of North American plants” - ~ s

BY JAMES F. WARD.

On the appearance of the Pyrrhula enucleator in the vicinity of New York

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. By James D.

Dana, A.M. (Corresponding Member.)

Read March, 1836. .

Tue chief obstacles to the introduction of a systematic

method of naming the mineral species, have gradually been

/«

removed during the rapid progress which the science of min-

eralogy has of late years experienced. The difficulties have

been still farther diminished by the important aid which

Chemistry has rendered to mineralogical science, and also by

the introduction of a natural classification of minerals, for

which we are indebted to that deservedly distinguished Ger-

man mineralogist, Mons. In this arrangement, M. Mohs has

not wholly relied upon chemical characters ; the exclusive

adoption of which would have degraded mineralogy from the

rank of an independent science, and merged it in that of

chemistry : nor has he depended on physical characters solely ;

for although the latter are more especially employed, the author

has throughout been guided to a certain extent by that impor-

tant source of physical characters, viz. chemical composition.

A cabinet arranged according to the system of Mohs, presents

with remarkable clearness, a chain of affinities running through

the whole, and connecting all the several parts. The Gases

and Liquids, with which the arrangement commences, are follow-

ed by the Salts, so disposed as to present an increase in sta-

bility, hardness, and lustre, as the eye proceeds onward. Among

the Gems, we arrive at the diamond, in which these characters

reach their climax. Thence descending im the series, we

gradually pass through the Metallic oxyds to the Native metals.

In these, the light-coloured species are followed by the Sulphu-

= vets and Arsenids of similar color and lustre, which are suc-

* _ +

A.New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

ed by the dark-colored metallic sulphurets ; and.these pass

- ie to the sulphurets without a true metallic lustre. . ~ q

the latter there is a natural] transition to Sulphur, and its ‘a a

5 ob allies the Jesins and Coals, with which the “series rai " a

ates. « By this association of species a reeing “in external :

y ag oHe

_ characters, the attention of the student’ is naturally led from %

. the Observation of their many, resemblances, to a particular con-

sideration of theif several peculiarities. An arrangement of

this kind is necéssarily inadequate for the determination of the ® a!

: names of species: it may, however, be an important aid to”

o those who have some general acquaintance with the science.

« #Bhe vomentbilllBropoved by Mohs, presents a very uncouth |

‘appearance when translated from the German into our less

pliant language ; and is moreover wholly destitute of that con-

ciseness and elegance which the employment of sthe Latin

» language, confers upon the nomenclature of botany and

zoology. ‘To enable the science of mineralogy to participate

in these advantages, which have exerted such an important

influence upon the progress of those sciences, has been the

design of the author in offering the ollowing system of mine-

ralogical nomenclature.

The arrangement of the species is in general similar to that

proposed by Mohs, with such alicrations as it was supposed

would tend still further*to exhibit their naturat relations. In

accordance with this view, the order Mica of Mohs has been

abolished, and the species it comprised restored to their true

congeners. in other orders. ‘I'he general characters of the

: orders are thus rendered liable. to a few exceptions; but this

«inconvenience, which has thus far been found unavoidable i in

other departments of natural history, is deemed of litle con-

sequence, when contrasted with the violation of natural affini- padi

ties which mustotherwise ensue.

The following remarks will Sufliciently explain the terms

employed in the accompanying catalogue, ‘The names:of tite

species usually express cither the primary form of hernia

> —

. ~ . .

i we ° i» $ :

. - “ y - r . ‘

ahs | ’ ar * ~ye You

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. 11

’

the occurring form, the peculiarity of its cleavage, or some

peculiar physical or chemical character. In specifying the

crystalline form, the following terms have been employed, vid

cubicus, when the primary i is a cube; octahedrus, when the re-

gular octahedron ; dodecahedrus, when the rhombic dodecahe-

dron ; rhombohedrus, when the rhombohedron ; pyramidalis,

when an octahedron not regular 3 prismaticus, when a prism,

or more particularly.a rhombic or rectangular prism. The

several right prisms have been designated by a term indicating

the base of the prism ; thus quadratus, for right square prism ;

rectangulus, rhombicus, rhomboideus, respectively, for right rec-

tangular, rhombic or rhomboidal prisms. The term obliquus

has been restricted to the oblique rhombic prism, the oblique

rhomboidal being expressed by the adjective ¢rzclinatus, in allu-

sion to the three oblique inclinations of its axes.

Other more general terms have been occasionally employed,

depending on the following classification of the primary forms,

founded on the relations of their axes:

Class 1. Monometrica, (\ovos one, and wergov measure) : includes

the cube, regular octahedron and rhombic dodecahedron, in which

the three axes are equal, or of one kind.

Class 2. Dimetrica, (dig two, and pergov): includes the right

square prism and square octahedron, in each of which the axes are

of two kinds.

Class 8. Trimetrica, (res three, and pergov): includes the right |

rectangular and rhombic prisms, and the right rectangular and rhom-

bic octahedrons, in which the three rectangular axes are unequal.

Class 4. Monoclinata, (wovos one, and xAuwvw to incline) : includes

the right thomboidal and oblique rhombic prisms in which one of the

three axes is obliquely inclined to one of the remaining two.

Class 5. Triclinata, (reg three, and Aww) : includes the oblique

rhomboidal prism, in which all three axes intersect at oblique angles.

Class 6. Telraxona, (serrage. four, and “ag axis): includes

the hexagonal prism and rhombohedron, which have four axes.

The relations of the forms, in any one of these classes, is such

that it may be impossible in some instances, from an entire indis-

12 A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. :

tinctnest of the cleavages, to determine which one is the primary ; for

either of the forms in the class ‘Trimetrica (for example) may have

the other three as seeondaries.

The peculiarities of cleavage have been expressed as follows :

Acrotomus, (‘axgov summit, and rsvw to cul off): cleavage parallel

to the base of a prism or octahedron, or to a plane truncating the

vertex of the rhombohedron.

Peritomus, («<1 about, and réuvw): cleavage parallel with each of

the lateral planes.

Diatomus, (die through, and reuvw): cleavage in the direction of a

diagonal plane.

Dystomus, (dug difficult, and réyvw): cleavage difficultly obtained.

Eutomus, (cv easily, and rsuvw): cleavage easily obtained.

The names proposed for the Classes are I. Epricma, (em upon,

and yoia earth) ; Il. ENtoGma, (svrog within, and yas) ; II. Hyro-

GER, (ur0 bencath, and yes): the first includes the fluids and those

soluble minerals whose formation is going on at the present time

from the decomposition of other species, and which therefore are

necessarily superlerrancous; the second, the species which occur in

and compose rock-strata, and of which it is therefore appropriately

said that their native situation is within the earth; the third, those

which have been literally buried, as the coals and resins.

The remaining terms will be explained as they are employed.

Classis I. EPIGABA.

G. under 3.8. No bituminous odor. Taste of solid individuals

acid, alkaline, or saline.

Classis IT. ENTOGJEA.

G. above 1.8. ‘Tasteless.

Classis Il. HYPOGAEA.

(y. under 1.5

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. 13

Classis I. EPIGAA.

Ordo 1. Rueurinea (feuros, fluid.)

Gaseous or liquid.

Ordo 2. Srerinea, (¢regeos, solid.)

Individuals solid.

Classis II. ENTOGAA.

Ordo 1. Hating, (aAwosg, saline.)

H=1—5.5. G=1.8—3.3. Lustre unmetallic. Streak

uncolored.

Ordo 2. Baryrtinea, (Sagurns, weight.)

H=2—6. G=3—8.1. Lustre unmetallic.

Ordo 3. Crratinea, (xegés, horvn;) in allusion to the lustre.

H=1—2. G=5.5—6.5.

“Ordo 4. OsmeErIngA, (otungos, odorous. )

H=1—3. G=2—3.1. Lustre unmetallic. Streak

uncolored. Odor, when moistened by the breath,

argillaceous.

Ordo 56. Cuaticinea, (aE, siler ; the species are mostly sili-

cates. ) .

H=2—7. G=2.6—4. Lustre unmetallic. Streak un-

colored.

Ordo 6. Hyauinga, (vows, glassy; alludes to the high de-

grees of lustre.)

H=5.6—10. G=2.6—4.8. Lustre unmetallic. Streak

uncolored.

Ordo 7. Scaptinga, (¢xarrog, that which is dug ; includes the

oxyds of the metals, the metallic silicates, and salts

of metallic acids.)

H=1—7. G=2—8. Color dark red—black. Streak

colored, unmetallic.

14 A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

Ordo 8. Mertatrinea, (weradAov, metal; includes the native

metals.)

H=—0—5. G=5.7—20. Lustre and Streak metallic.

Color white or reddish.

Ordo 9. Pyritinna, (*vgirys, pyrites; includes the light-colored

metallic sulphurets, arsenids and selenids.)

H=3—6.5. G=4.6—9.4. Lustre metallic. Color

white—yellow—reddish.

Ordo 10. Gaurnna, (yeAci, to shine ; includes the dark-colored

metallic sulphurets, arsenids, &c.)

H=—1—4. G—4.2—8.5. Lustre metallic. Color dark.

Ordo 11. Apgtinea, (“adnA0g, wumanifest ; includes the non-

metallic sulphurets, whose metallic nature is dis-

guised by the mineralizing ingredient.)

H=1—4. _G=3.3.—5.9. Streak colored.

Ordo 12. THEUNEA, (deiov, sulphur.)

H=1.5—2.5. G=2—2.1. Streak yellowish-white.

Combustible.

Classis III. HYPOGEA.

Ordo 1. Prrrinea, (witra, pitch.)

Easily fusible.

Ordo 2. Anruracingna, (avdeug, coal.)

Infusible.

Gascous.

Sp. 1. A. terrenus, Carburetted Hydrogen.

2. A. Hydrogenicus, Hydrogen.

3. A. Phosphoricus, Phosphuretted Hydrogen.

4. A. fetidus, Sulphuretted Hydrogen.

5. A. Azoticus, Nitrogen.

6. A. atmosphericus, | Atmospheric Air.

7. A. Carbonicus, Carbonic Acid.

8. A. Sulphurosus, Sulphurous Acid.

9. A. muriaticus, Muriatic Acid.

Genus 2. Aqua.

Liquid.

Sp- 1. A. limpida, | Water.

2. A. Sulphurica, Sulphuric Acid.

ORDER II. STERINEA.

Genus 1. AcrpuM.

H=1—2. G=1.4—3.7. Taste weak.

Sp. 1. A. Boracicum, Boracie Acid.

2. A. Arsenosum, Arsenous Acid.

Genus 2. Borax.

H=2—2.5. G=1.7.—1.8. Taste sweetish-alkaline.

Sp. 1. B. obliquus, Borax.

CLASS L—EPIGA‘A.

ORDER JI. RHEUTINEA.

Genus 1. Agr.

Sp. 1.

ade

Sp. 1

Sp. 1.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

Genus 38. ALUMEN.

H=2—3. G=15.—1.9. Taste styptic.

A. officinale, Native Alum.

A. voleanicum, Solfatarite.

A. Magnesicum, Magnesian Alum.

A. Ammoniacum, Ammonia Alum.

Genus 4. Natron.

H=1—3. G=1.4—2.2. - Taste alkaline.

N. Gay-Lussianum, Gay-Lussite.

N. efflorescens, Natron.

N. permanens, T'rona.

Genus 5. Sat.

H=2. G=2.2—2.3. Taste purely saline.

. S. cubicum, Common Salt.

Genus 6. PicraLuMm.*

H=1.5—2.5. G=1.4—2.8. ‘asle saline and bitter

P. Glauberi, Glauber’s Salt.

P. Thenardianum, Thenardite.

P. rhombicum, Epsom Salt.

P. Reussii, Reussite.

P. voleanicum, Mascagnine.

P. Vesuvianum, Aphthitalite.

P. octahedrum, Sal-Ammontac.

P. deliquescens, Nitrate of Magnesia.

P. tenellum, Nitrate of Lime.

Genus 7. Nitrrum.

H=1.5—2. G=1.9—2.1. Taste cooling and saline.

N. rhombohedrum, Nitrate of Soda.

N. rhombicum, Nitrate of Potash.

* Ilixpds, biter, and fds salt. For the sake of euphony the aspirate has been

dropped in the composition of this and similar words.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. 17

Genus 8. VitTrRIoLUM.

H=2—2.5. G=18—3.2. Taste astringent and metallic, nauscoue.

Sp. 1. V. Martiale,* Copperas.

2. V. hexagonum, White Copperas.

3, V. parasiticum, Yellow Copperas.

° 4. V. Cyprium, Blue Vitriol.

5. V. Zincicum _ White Vitriol.

6. V. Cobalticum, Cobalt- Vitriol.

7. V. Uranicum, ‘Johannite.

8. V. bicelor, Botryogen.

Genus 9. _ G#aLuM.t

H=2.5—3.5. G=2.7—2.9. Taste weak.

Sp. 1. G. obliquum, Glauberite. 4

2. G. columrare, Polyhalite.

CLASS IL—ENTOGAZA.

ORDER I. HALINEA.

Genus 1. Asrastauus.i

H=1.5—2. G=1—2.5. Decomposed in the flame of a candle.

Sp. 1. A. phytogeneus,$ Oxalute of Lime.

Genus 2. Cryatuuvs.||

H=2.25—2.5. G=2.9—3. Fusibie in the flame of a candle.

Sp. 1. C. fusilis, Cryolite.

* The salts of iron were termed Martial by the alchemists, from Mars, the

alchemistic name of iron.

+ Tata, earth, and as, salt, in allusion to the composition and slight solubility

of the species.

t “Acraros, unstable; alludes to the facility with which the species is decomposed.

§ Pvroyeveos, originating from plants ; the species is supposed to be of vege-

table origin.

Il _Kpios, 2¢e, and ads, salt; from the ready fusibility of the mineral.

is A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

Genus 3. ALUMINUS. .

H=5. G=2.7—2.8.

Sp. 1. A. rhombohedrus, — Alum-Stone

Genus 4. FLUELLUS.

H=4—5.5. G=2.9—3.4.

Sp. 1. F. pyramidalis, Fluellite.

2. I. octahedrus, Fluor-Spar.

3. F. hexagonus, Apatite.

4. F. obliquus, Wagnerite.

5. F. rhombicus, Herderite.

6. F. Childrenii, Childrenite.

Genus 5. ASTRALUS.*

H=35—4. G=2.3—2.4. Mostly stellularly and hemispherically columnar.

Sp. 1. 5. rhombicus, Wavellite.

Genus 6. Gypsauus.t

H=1.5—3.5. G=2.3—3. One or more cleavages very perfect and casily

obtained. Contain lime.

Sp. 1. G. stellatus, Pharmacolite.

2. G. rhombicus, Haidingerite.

3. G. rhomboideus, Gypsum.

4. G. rectangulus, Anhydrite.

o. G. Cobalticus, Roselite

6. G. fusilis, Hydroboracite.

Genus 7. Catctus.{

H=2.5—4. G=2.5—3.3. Contain lime.

Sp. 1. C. rhombohedrus, Calcareous Spar.

2. C. rhombicus, Arragonite.

3. C. Dolomi, Dolomite.

4. C. decolorans, Ankerite.

Genus 8. MacGnesiauus.

H=1—4.5, G=2.5—3.2. Contain magnesia.

Sp. 1. M. rhombohedrus, Ithomb Spar.

2. M. fibrosus, Magnesite.

3. M. pulvereus, EHydromagnesite.

* ’Aorpov, a star.

t [vos lime, and aXs salt.

t Calx, lime.”

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature 19.

ORDER I. BARYTINEA.

Genus 1. Barauus.*

H=2.5—4. G=3.3—4.8. Streak uncolored.- Contain strontia or baryta.

Sp. 1. B. rubefaciens,t Strontianite.

2. B. prismaticus, Celestine.

3. B. obliquus, Baryto-calecite.

4. B. fusilis, Witherite.

5. B. rhombohedrus, Dreelite.

6. B. ponderosus. Heavy spar.

Genus 2. Spanrauus.t

H=4——5... G=3.4—4,8;

Sp. 1. S. hexagonus, Fluorine.

2. S. dodecahedrus, Subsesquifluate of Cervum.

3. S. quadratus, Carbonate of Cerium.

4. S. Wollastonii, Silicate of Cerium.

5. S. octahedrus, Microlite.

6. S. rhombicus, Yitro-cerite.

7. 5. peritomus, Xenotime.

Genus 3. ScHEELIUS.

7-445. G—6_6.1,

Sp. 1. S. pyramidalis, Tungstate of lime.

Genus 4. SrtirmmMtus.§

H=2.5—3. G=5.5—5.6. Contain antimony.

Sp. 1. S. rhombicus, White antimony.

Genus 5.. BismuTawus.

H=3—4.5. G=5.9—6.1. Contain bismuth. |

Sp. 1. B. ochraceus, Bismuth- Ochre.

2. B. dodecahedrus, Bismuth-Blende.

Genus 6. ZINCALUS.

H=2.5—5.5. G=4.3—4.5. Contain zinc.

Sp. 1. Z. rhombohedrus, = Calamine.

2. Z. peritomus, Electric Calamine.

3. Z. acrotomus, Willemite.

4. Z. diatomus, Hopeite.

* Bapos, weight, and ads, salt. + In allusion to its tinging flame red.

t Lares, rare, and ads ; the species are salts of two rare minerals, cerium

and yttrium.

§ Lrippe, antimony.

20 A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

Genus 7. MaranrTauus.*

H=3—6. G=3—3.9. Color darkened on exposure. Contain mangensse

and. tron.

Sp. I- M-. rhombohedrus, — Spathe Tron.

2. M. rhombicus, Junkerite.

3. M. decrepitans, Diallogite.

4. M. quadratus, Triplite.

5. M. Fresnii, Fetepozite.

6. M. fusilis, Huraulite.

Genus 8. AREALUS.?

H=1.5—5. G=2.6—3.8. Contain rron-

Sp. 1. A. cubicus, Cube Ore.

2. A. trimetricus, Scorodite.

3. A. Argentiferus, Chenocoprolite. DP.

4. A. rhombicus, Triphiline.

5. A. radiatus, Cacozenite.

6. A. rhomboideus, Vivianite.

7. A. divergens, Anglarite.

8. A. rhombohedrus, Pyrosmalite.

9. A. foliaceus, Cronstedtite.

Genus 9. CoBALTALUS.

H=1.5—2. G=3. Color some shade of red. Contarn cobalt

Sp: 1. C. rubellus, Cobalt-Bloom.

Genus 10. Cronauus.{

H=2-45 G=5.3—S8.1. Color white, grecn, blue, or red. Contain lead.

Sp. 1. C. rhombicus, White Lead.

2. C. quadratus, Corncous Lead.

3. C. Vesuvianus, Cotunnite.

4. C. peritomus, Cerasite.

5. C. acrotomus, Leadhillite.

6. C. flexilis, Dyoxytite.

7. C. Angleseanus, Anglesite.

8. C. amorphus, Hedyphane.

9. C. resiniformis, Plumbo-resinite.

10. C. hexagonus, ‘

23. var. 1. speciosus, Pyromorphite.

12 var. 2. alliaceus, Mimetene.

13. C. pyramidalis, Molybdate of Lead.

14. C. Vanadicus, Vanadate of Lead.

* Mapaivw, to fade, alluding to the change of color the species undergo on

exposure. ,

+ Aons, Mars, the alchemistic name of iron, and fs, salt.

t Kopdvos, Saturn, the alchemistic name of lead, and Gas, salt.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclatur..

Sp. 15. C. ponderosus, Tungstale of Lead.

16. C. hyacinthus, Chromate of Lead.

17. C. rubeus, Mclanochroite.

18. C. Vauquelini, Vauquelrnite.

19. C. diatomus, Caledonite.

20. C. rhomboideus, Cupreous Anglesite.

21. C. ochraceus, Minium.

Genus Ll. Cypratus.*

H=1—4.5. G=2.5—4.3. Color green or blue. Contain copper,

Sp. 1. C. acrotomus, Aphanesite.

2. C. ceeruleus, Blue Malachite.

3. C. vulgaris, Green Malachite.

4. C. amorphus, Chrysocolla.

§. C. rhombohedrus, = Duoptase.

6. C. speciosus, Euchroite.

7. C. concentricus, Trinile.

8. C. rectangulus, Liroconite.

9. C. hemihedrus, Pseudo-malacihite.

10. C. dystomus, Labethenite.

11. C. acicularis, Olivenite.

12. C. exhalans, Atacamite.

13. C. foliaceus, Copper-Mica.

14. C. decrepitans, Copper-F roth.

Genus 12. Niccatus.

H=2—2.5.. Contain nickel.

Sp. 1. U. prasinus, Nickel Green.

2. U. Herreri, Herreriie.

Genus 13. Uranatws.

H=2—3. G=3.1—3.2. Contain uranium

Sp. 1. U. ochraceus, Uranic ochre.

2. U. quadratus, Uranite.

ORDER Ill. CERATINEA.

Genus CERATUS.

H=1—2. G=5.5—6.5.

Sp. 1. C. cubicus, Horn Silver.

2. C. quadratus, Horn Quicksilver.

3. C. foliatus, Todic Silver.

—————————— hvlO}8ROVOMM

* Kizpos, copper, and iids, salt.

22 A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. ,

ORDER ITV. OSMERINEA.

Genus 1. Hyprotus.*

H=1—3.5. G=14—2.1. Fusion difficult—infusible.

Sp. 1. H. cerinus,t Halloylite.

2. H. argilliformis, Kollyrite.

3. H. adherens, Scarbroite.

4, Hi: pyrosmicus,$ Pyrargillite.

5. H. Gibbsianus, Gibbsite.

6. H. tincts, Allophane.

Genus 2. Opunitis.§

H=2—4. G=2.5—2.9.

Sp. 1. O. communis, Serpentine.

2. O. figularis, Agalmatolite.

3. O. reniformis, Kerolite.

Genus 3. Sryuus.||

H=2—3. G=2.6.—2.8. In prisms of six or twelve sides.

Sp. 1. S. hexagonus, Pinite.

2. S. acrotomus, Fahlunite.

Genus 4. Nematus.§

H=2—3. G=2.3—2.7. Delicately columnar.

Sp. 1. N. rectangulus, Picrosmine. ;

2. N. scopiformis, Osmelite.

3. N. gracilis, Nemalite.

Genus 5. Marcarirus.**

H=1.5—3. G=2—3.1. Lamellar.

Sp. 1. M. Magnesicus, Native Magnesia.

2. M. saponaceus, Tale.

* Yéwp, water; refers to the large proportion of water in the species.

t Wazy, in allusion to its lustre.

t Tlap, fire, and oopi, odor.

4 An old name of serpentine, derived from the Greek, p:5, a snake.

| Lrédos, a column, in allusion to the hexagonally prismatic forms presented

by the species. '

4 Napa, a thread ; refers to the columnar structure of the species.

** Mapyapirns, pearl; alludes to the lustre.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. 23

ORDER V. CHALICINEA.

Genus 1. Mica.

H=2—4.5. G=2.6—3.1. Structure highly foliated.

Sp. 1. M. margarina*, Margarite.

2. M. hexagona, Black Mica.

4, M. obliqua, Common Mica.

Genus 2. Puynurnius.t

H=3.5—6. G=2.6—3.4. Structure foliated.

Sp. 1. P. Schilleri, Schiller Spar.

2. P. exreus, Bronzite.

3. P. Seybertianus, Seybertite.

4. P. metallinus, Hypersthene.

Genus 3. Vutcanus.i

H=3.5—6: G=2—2.7. Species volcanic or amygdaloidal, sometimes granitic.

Sp. 1. V. rhomboideus, Heulandite

2. V. fascicularis, Stilbite.

3. V. Thomsonianus, Thomsonite.

4, V. hemiquadratus, Edingtonite.

5. V. rhombicus, Natrolite.

6. V. peritomus, Mesotype.

7. V. crispans, Scolezite.

8. V. stramineus, Carpholite.

9. V. tenax, Dysclasite.

10. V. acutus, Epistilbite.

11. V. Brewsterianus, § Brewsterite.

12. V. flabelliformis, Mesolite.

13. V. Comptonianus, Comptonite.

14, V. quadratus, Apophyllite.

15. V. efflorescens, Laumonite.

16. V. gemellus, Harmotome.

17. V. Philipsianus, Philipsite.

18. V. cubicus, Analcime.

19. V. dodecahedrus, Sodalite.

20. V. trapezohedrus, Leucite.

21. V. rhombohedrus, Chabazite.

22. V. Levyanus, Levyne.

23. V. exfolians, Gmelinite.

24. V. dystomus, Datholite.

* Alludes to the pearly lustre.

+ P6ddov, a leaf, in allusion to the foliated structure of the species.

t Refers to the occurrence of the species in rocks of igneous origin.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

24 e

‘ f "

Genus 4. CLASISTYLUS.

H=6—6.5. G=2.8—3.° Color light-green; colorless. Commonly botryordal.

Sp. 1. C. acrotomus, Prehnite. é =

" Genus 5. Neprurus.

H=5.5—7. G=2.9—3.4. Massive.

Sp. L. N. amorphus, Nephrite.

2. N. peritomus, Saussurite.

Genus 6. Prrauus.

H=6—6.5. _G=2.4—2.5. Massie.

Sp: 1. P. rhombicus, Petalite.

Genus 7. Lazuuus. ,

H=5—6. G=2.8—3.1. Color blue or green. Cleavage indistinct.

Sp. 1. L. amorphus, Turquois. :

. L. rhombicus, Lazulite.

3. L. triclinatus, Blue Spar.

Genus 8. Spatum.

H=4—6.5. G=2.1—3.1.

Sp. 1. 5S. hexagonum, Nepheline.

2. S. Herschellianum, Herschellite.

3. S. oleaceum, Eleolite.

4. S. opalescens, Labradorite.

5. 8. orthotomum,t Feldspar.

6..S. gemellum, Pericline.

7. S. triclinatum, Albite.

8. S. Vesuvianum, Anorthite.

9, S. roseum, Latrolbite.

10. S. quadratum, Scapolite.

11. S. Gehlenianum, Gehlenite.

12. 8S. volcanicum, Gismondine.

Genus 9. Spatrinius.

HW=5.5—6.5. G=3—3.5 7

Sp. 1. 8. decolorans, Manganese- Spar.

2. S. rhombohedrus, Troostite. ; ,

3. 3. 8. reniformis, Bustamite.

* Kido, to break, and oréddos, a column, in allusion to: the resemblance to a

broken column, often presented by the crystals of this species.

t 'Opbds, straight, and riwww, TI cleave, refers to the fact, that its two cleavages

‘are at right angles with one another,

A New Mineralogical Nomenciuture. 25

Genus LO. Avwerrus.

H=5—7. G=2.9—4. *

Sp. 1. A. tabularis, Tabular Spar.

2. A. rhombicus, Spodumene. .

3. A. diatomus, Pyroxene.

4. A. dystomus, Bucklandite.

5. A. acrotomus, Babingtonate.

6. A. Proteus, Hornblende.

7. A. phyllinus, Anthophyllite.

8. A. scopiformis, Cummingtonite.

9. A. peritomus, Arfwedsonite.

410. A. rhomboideus, Epidote.

11. A. Withami, Withamiie.

12. A. cuspidatus, Acmite.

13. A. Lithicus, Amblygonite.

ORDER VI. HYALINEA.

Genus 1. ANDALUSIUS.

ye eee

Sp. 1, A. prismaticus, Andalusite.

Genus 2. EpimMectius.*

H=6—7. G=3.1—3.7. Crystals usually long and slender. Color blue—

brown—wihite. .

Sp. 1. E. cyaneus, Kyanite.

2. KE. dissiliens,7 Diaspore.

_3. E. Sillimanianus, Sillimanite.

4. E. Bucholzianus, Bucholzite.

Genus 3. 'TURMALUS.

H=6.5—8. G=3.—3.4. Color black—dark-brown—dark-blue—green—

red—white.

Sp. 1. T. rhombohedrus, Tourmaline.

Genus 4. Bery.uus.

H=7.5—8 G=2.8—3.1. Color green—bluish—colorless.

Sp. 1. B. hexagonus, Beryl.

2. B. rhomboideus, Euclase.

3. B. rhombohedrus, Phenacite.

* 'Emunxns, very long.

+ Flying in pieces ; alludes to the action under the blowpipe.

VOL. Iv. 4

_—

)

—y (*

ololele

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

Genus 6. SappuHirus.

H=7.5—9. G=3.5—4.6.

rectangula, Chrysoberyl.

octahedra, Spinel.

eutoma, Automolite.

infusilis, Dysluite.

rhombohedra, Sapphire.

Genus 6. ApbaAMas.

H=10. G=3.1—3.6.

octahedrus, - Diamond.

Genus 7. ‘lopaztus.

H=8. G=3.4—3.6.

rhombicus, Topaz.

Vesuvianus, Forsterite.

Genus 8. CHRYSOLITHUS.

H=6.5—7.5.

rectangulus,

obliquus,

Genus 9.

H=5,.5—7.

bicolor,

acutus,

rhombohedrus,

opalinus,

Vulcani,

spheerulus,

ferriferus,

Genus 10.

G=3:3)—3.0:

Chrysolite.

Ligurite.

Hyauus.

G=2—3.3.

Folite.

Axinite.

Quartz.

Opal.

Obsidian.

Spherulite.

Isopyre.

Boracius.

G=2.9—3. Crystals monometric. Color white or gray.

hemihedrus, Boracite.

Genus 11. CarBuncutus.

H=6.—7.5. G=2.9—4,8. Bas

. 4 ae

hemihedrus, Helvin.

obliquus, Brucite. i

acrotomus, Humite. . ery

dimetricus, Idocrase. a

oe a * »

A New Mimeralogical Nomenclature. 27

Sp. 5. C. dodecahedrus, Garnet.

6. C. quadratus, Zircon.

7. C. rhombohedrus, Eudialyte.

8. C. decussatus,* Staurotide.

9. C. rhombicus, Ostranite.

ORDER VII. SCAPTINEA.

Genus 1. Ruriius.t

H=3.5—7. G=3.2—6. Color dark-red—brownish-black.

Sp. 1. R. Brucii, Red Zinc Ore.

2. R. quadratus, Rutile.

3. R. obliquus, Sphene.

4. R. pyramidalis, Anatase.

5. R. Brookianus, Brookite.

6. R. octahedrus, Red, Copper Ore.

7. R. dystomus, Pyrochlore.

Genus 2. Jovius.i

H=6—7. G=6.5—7.1. Contain tin.

Sp. 1. J. quadratus, Tin Ore.

Genus 3. CERITUS.

H=5.—6. G=3.1—3.2. Contain cerium.

Sp. 1. C. rhombohedrus, Cerite.

2. C. rhombicus, Thulite.

Genus 4. MELANOPHZAUS.S

H=2.5—6.5. G=2.1—5.6. Color brown—black.

Sp. 1. M. triclinatus, Allanite.

2. M. Thoriferus, Thorite.

3. M. acicularis, Orthite.

4. M. flammans, Pyrorthite.

5. M. obliquus, Gadolinite.

6. M. Laugieri, Titaniferous Cerite.

7. M. Mengianus, Aischynite.

* Crossed like the letter X ; alludes to the commonly cruciform crystallization

of this species.

t Red and shining.

t From Jupiter, the alchemistic name of tin.

§ Manas, black, and gatés, brown.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

Sp. 8. M. quadratus, (Erstedite.

9. M. rectangulus, Polymignite.

Genus 5. CoLumBus.

H=5.5—6. G=5.8.—8. Contain columbium-

1. C. hemiquadratus, Fergusonite.

2. C. Berzelii, Yitro-Columbite.

3. C. rectangulus, Columbite.

Genus 6. URrantus.

H=5.5. G=64—6.5. Contain uranium.

. 1. U. amorphus, Pitchblende.

Genus 7. Wo.LFRAMIvs.

H=5—5.5. G=7.1—7.4. Contain tungsten.

- 1. W. rectangulus, Wolfram.

Genus 8.. MANGANUS.

H=1—6.5. G=3.1—4.9. Contain manganese.

1. M. acrotomus, Hausmannite.

2. M. peritomus, Braunite.

3. M. informis, Psilomelane.

4. M. Cupriferus, Cupreous Manganese-

5. M. rhombicus, Manganite.

6. M. prismaticus, Pyrolusite.

7. M. Cobalticus, Earthy Cobalt.

8. M. terrenus, Wad,

Genus 9. SrpErus.*

H=4—6.5. G=65.2.—5.3. Contain iron.

1. S. Chromicus, Chromic Tron.

2. S. fibrosus, Crocidolite.

3. 8. Hisingeri, Hisingerite.

4. S. rhombicus, Yenite.

5. S. heematicus,t Brown Tron Ore.

6. 5S. rhombohedrus, Specular Iron.

7. S. octahedrus, Magnetic Tron Ore.

8. S. Zinciferus, Franklinite.

* Lidnpos, iron.

+ *Aiyaresds, bloody, in allusion to the color of the powder.

Sp. 9.

10.

Sp.

S. acrotomus, Crichtonite.

S. Mohsianus, Mohsite.

ORDER VIII. METALLINEA.

Genus 1. FERRUM.

F. octahedrum, Tron.

Genus 2. PLaTINuM.

P. cubicum, Platinum.

Genus 3. Iriprum.

I, hexagonum, Iridium.

Genus 4. PALLADIUM.

P. octahedrum, Palladium.

P. rhombicum, Selen-palladite.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

Genus 5. AvuRUM.

A. cubicum, Gold.

A. rhombicum, Auro-tellurite.

Genus 6. ARGENTUM.

A. octahedrum, Silver.

Genus 7. Hyprarcyrum,

H. fluidum, Mercury.

H. dodecahedrum, Amalgam.

Genus 8. PiLumBuM.

P. octahedrum, Lead.

Genus 9. BismutTuM.

B. octahedrum, Bismuth.

B. Argenticum, Bismuth-Silver.

Genus 10. Cuprum.

. octahedrum, Copper.

Genus. 11.

Sp. 1. T. hexagonum,

Genus 12.

Sp. 1. 8. rhombohedrum,

2. S. rhombicum,

Genus 13.

Sp. 1. A. rhombohedrum,

ORDER IX.

Genus 1.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

TrELLURIUM.

Tellurium.

STIBIUM.

Antimony.

Antimonial Silver.

ARSENIUM.

Arsenic.

PYRITINEA.

ARGYRITES.*

H=4—5.5. G=6—9.4. Color white, or slightly reddish.

Sp. 1. A. Argenteus, Arsenical Silver.

2. A. eutomus, Nickel-Stibine.

3. A. hexagonus, Antimonal Nickel.

4. A. cupricolor, Copper-Nickel.

5. A. Hoffmanni, White Nickel.

6. A. decrepitans, Nickel-Glance.

7. A. acrotomus, Leucopyrite.

8. A. peritomus, Mispickel.

9, A. octahedrus, Smaltine.

10. A. hemi-cubicus, Cobaltine.

11. A. Karsteni, Terarsenid of Cobalt.

12. A. cubicus, Cobaltic Pyrites.

13. A. Manganicus, Arsenid of Manganese.

Genus 2. PyrirEs.

H=3—6.5. G=4.5—6.1. Yellowish—yellow.

Sp. 1. P. hexagonus, Magnetic Pyrites.

2. P. rhombicus, White Iron-Pyrites.

3. P..cubicus, Tron-Pyrites.

4. P. alliaceus, Arsenid of Copper.

5. P. erubescens,t Variegated Pyrites.

6. P. pyramidalis, Copper-Pyrites. oe

iP; sarin Capillary Pyrites.

* Apyvoos, silver ; refers to the color.

t Blushing ; alludes to the reddish tarnish the mineral speedily ee

exposure.

- A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. 31

ORDER X. GALINEA.

Genus 1. Cyprtires.*

H=2.5—4. G=43—5.8. Contain copper.

Sp. 1. C. cubicus, Pin-Pyrites.

2. C. tetrahedrus, Gray Copper.

3. C. rectangulus, Bournonite. [

4. C. dodecahedrus, Tennantite.

2. C. rhombicus, Vitreous Copper.

Genus 2. Luwnires.t

H=1.5—14. G=5.5—8.5. Contain silver.

Sp. 1. L. Selenicus, Eucairite.

2. L. Cupricus, Stromeyerite.

3. L. dodecahedrus, Vitreous Silver.

4, L. Telluricus, Telluric Silver.

5. L. Auricus, Graphic Tellurium.

6. L. rhombohedrus, * Polybasite.

7. L. rhombicus, Brittle Silver Ore.

8. L. peritomus, Antim. Sulphuret of Silver.

9. L. Molybdicus, Molybdie Silver.

Genus 3. Lycrres.t

H=2—3.5. G=4.5—5.8. Contain antimony.

Sp. 1. L. diatomus, Gray Antimony.

2. L. Berthieri, Berthierite.

3. L. Zinkeni, Zinkenite.

4. L. acrotomus, Jamesonite.

5. L. alliaceus, Arsemcal Antimony.

Genus 4. PLUMBITES.

H=1.5—3. G=6.8—8.5. Contain lead.

Sp. 1. P. cubicus, Galena.

2. P. Cobalticus, Cobaltic Galena.

3. P. Selenicus, Clausthalite.

* Kiézpos, copper. ~

+ From Luna, the alchemistic name of silver.

t Atos, a wolf ; gray antimony was called ‘lupus metallorum,” by the alche-

mists.

32 A New Mineralogical Nomenclature.

Genus 5. ELASMITEs.*

H=1—1.5. G=4.2.—8.2. Structure foliated.

Sp. 1. E. quadratus, Foliated Tellurium.

2. E. rhombicus, Sternbergite.

3. KE. rhomboideus, Flexible Silver.

4. E. hexagonus, Molybdenite.

Genus 6. Buismrres.t

H=2—2.5. G=6.1—7.6. Very fusible. Contain bismuth.

Sp. 1. B. rectangulus, Sulphuret of Bismuth.

2. B. acicularis, Acicular Bismuth.

3. B. rhombohedrus, Telluric Bismuth.

Genus 7. ZINCITEs.

G=5.5.—5.6. Contain zinc.

Sp. 1. Z. flammans, Rionite.

ORDER XI. ADELINEA.

Genus 1. Acarpra.t

H=3.5—4. G=3.9—4.1.

Sp. 1. A. cubica, Manganblende.

2, A. dodecahedra, Blende.

Genus 2. Crrasta.§

H=l—1.5. G=4.5—4.6.

Sp. 1. C. rhomboidea, Red Antimony.

Genus 8. RuBELLA.

H=2—2.6. G=5.2—8.1.

Sp. 1. R. obliqua, Miargyrite.

2. Rt. rhombohedra, Dark-Red Silver.

3. KR. florida, Light-Red Silver.

4. R. peritoma, Cinnabar.

* Edaopa, a ya plat of metal.

- t ae from bismutites, which is derived from bismutum, the Latin of

ismut

1 Axapros, sterile; alludes to the difficulty of reducing the species to the me-

tallic state,

§ Cerasus, the cherry trce; in allusion to the color.

A New Mineralogical Nomenclature. - 33

Genus 4. Evucuroa.*

H=1.5—2. G=3.4—3.7.~

Sp. 1. E. rubella, Realgar.

2. EK. aurea, Orpiment.

ORDER XII. THETINEA.

Genus 1. Sunpuur.

Sp. 1. S. pyramidalis, Native Sulphur.

CLASS UI—HYPOGASA.

ORDER I. PITTINEA.

Genus 1. Metts.

Transparent—translucent. Color light.

H=2-25. G=1.5—1.6.

Sp. 1. M. pyramidalis, Mellite.

GeENus 2. Succinum.

Transparent—translucent. Color light.

H=2—2.5. G=1—1.1.

Sp. 1. 8. Electrum, Amber.

Genus 3. StTEaATus.t

G=0.65. Whitish. Crystalline.

Sp. 1. S. acicularis, Scheererite.

Genus 4. BrrumMen.

H=0—2.5. G=0.8—1.2. Amorphous. Solid individuals opaque, or sub-

translucent.

Sp. 1. B. fragrans, Retinite.

2. B. flexile, Mineral-Caoutchouc:

Bitumen.

3. B. commune,

t Lréap, fat.

* Evxpoos, finely colored.

VOL. IV.

|. ANTHRAX. — }

Lustre wnmetallic. - peng “e

_ Sp. 1. A. bituminosus, Bituminous Coal. sory

2. A. lapideus, Anthracite. _ é

Genus 2. PLumBaco. ; :

“Eustre metallic: (| iiianiteel he ARE

Sp. 1. P. seriptoria, Graphite.

wands |

ih ot: i ai, 4b ages.

: fe ts GaP aye

wy ’ ba sd ~

“i fy" is, 4asti ey if ope iay iy

‘ 1 pet) \ ‘J —i? > ” ‘

i es! At aa

Let ibut “ f

Fossiz Fisues of Connecticut and Massachusetts, with a notice

of an undescribed genus. By Joan Howarp REDFIELD,

Member of the Lyceum.

Read December 12, 1836.

Wirs the exception of the teeth and vertebre of sharks,

found in the cretaceous formation of the Atlantic coast, the

fossil remains of fishes hitherto discovered in the United States,

have, for the most part, been confined to the new red sandstone

of the Connecticut river valley. Through this formation

they are very generally diffused, having been found at Sun-

derland, West-Springfield, and Deerfield, in Massachusetts >

and at Glastenbury, Middletown, Berlin, and Durham, in

Connecticut.* They are in most cases found in the bituminous

shale, which, in character, sometimes approaches a mica-

ceous sandstone. ‘These interesting remains have not, how-

ever, received that degree of attention to which they are en-

titled from their importance in a geological point of view. Few

‘attempts have been made to determine their species, and such

accurate published descriptions as might serve for a comparison

with European ichthyolites, have been entirely wanting. This

circumstance, however, will not excite surprise, when we reflect

that the fossil fishes of Europe, though found in all her museums

and collections, have, until lately, been for the most part ne-

glected and undescribed. Before we can venture to pronounce

upon the distinctive character of the natural productions of a

new world, we must, of course, be acquainted with those of the

old; and it is for this reason, that in the course of investigation,

* [have lately been informed that Professor Shepard has discovered fossil

fishes at Southbury, Connecticut, in the small basin of red sand stone, which

forms part of the valley of the Housatonic.

36 Fossil Fishes

we must so often rely upon transatlantic naturalists for a foun-

dation on which to build our labors.

In the third volume of the American Journal of Science,

Professor Silliman has described a locality of ichthyolites at

Westfield, the western parish of Middletown, Conn., and also

states that a specimen from this place, which he sent to Brong-

niart, was recognized by the latter as a species of the Paleo-

thrissum of Blainville. In the sixth volume of the American

Journal, and also in the ** Report upon the Geology of Massa-

chusetts,”’ Professor Hitchcock has described the locality of

Sunderland, and has given figures of two or three species found

at this place, which he says probably belong to the genus Pa-

Jeothrissum. In neither of these notices are we furnished with

any distinctive description of the fishes ; but the figures of Pro-

fessor Hitchcock serve to show that their originals are referable

to two genera widely distinct.

Dr. Dekay, some years since, read a paper before this so-

ciety, upon the fossil fishes of Westfield, in which he pointed out

the close affinity between the former and the existing Esox osseus,

or the Lepisosteus of French authors. This paper has never

been published.

Professor Agassiz, well known for his valuable labours in this

department of natural science, has, in his great work now in

course of publication, described but two species of fossil fishes

from the United States, and these descriptions are founded, in.

part, upon the drawings of Professor Hitchcock, to which we

have alluded, and in part upon single specimens of each which

had found their way to Europe. ‘The first of these is seen in

fig. 46, plate 14, of Hitchcock’s Report, and is referred by

Agassiz to his genus Paleoniscus, under the name of P. fultus,

comprehending in this genus, both the Palaoniscum and Pa-

leothrissum of Blainville. ‘The other species deseribed is seen

in figs. 45 and 48 of the same plate, and is designated as Lury-

nobus tenuiceps. Vo this species I shall have occasion again to

refer.

of Connecticut and Massachusetts. 37

Most of the specimens accompanying this communication were

found about four miles 8. W..of Middletown, at a spot known

by the local name of ** Saw Mill Hollow.” The remaining

specimens are from a locality about five miles north of the latter,

in the parish of Westfield. The latter sectional name has some-

times been confounded with Westfield, Mass., at which place I.

am not aware that any ichthyolites have been found, although

its geological character differs little from that of the other towns

of the Connecticut river valley. In the locality first mentioned,

the bituminous shale in which the fishes are found occurs inter-

stratified with the sandstone, and is exposed to view at the bottom

of a ravine, twenty or thirty feet in depth, which has been ex-

cavated by the action of a small stream. ‘The strata both here

and at Westfield are nearly horizontal. Some layers of the shale

abound, not only in remains of fishes, but also in those of vege-

tables, apparently endogenous, while others are nearly destitute

of both. ‘The substance of the fish, as well as that of the vege-

table, is converted into carbonaceous matter, and it is observ-

able that while the form of the scales and rays is perfectly and

beautifully preserved, there are no traces of the bones remaining.

According to Agassiz, this is almost universally the case with

the individuals of the family Lepidozdes, to which these belong.

The specimen, No. 9,* is a large well marked individual of

the Palaoniscus fultus, Agass. a species characterized by the

size and strength of the anterior accessory rays of the fins.

No. 10 is probably referabie to the same species.

The specimens numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, with probably

most of the fragments accompanying them, are entirely distinct

from the above, and constitute a genus hitherto undescribed,

presenting the following characters :

Body fusiform, covered with rhomboidal scales, which ex-

tend obliquely across it, and parallel with its length. Scales

* The numbers refer to specimens now in the collection of the Lyceum,

38 Fossil Fishes

middling size. Head rather small, presenting ‘a finely granu-

lated surface resembling shagreen. Back but slightly arched.

Pectoral jins middling. ‘ Ventral small, inserted midway be-

tween pectoral and anal. Anal large. Dorsal middling, situ-

ated opposite the posterior part of the anal. Taz/ forked, equi-

lobed.* Scales extending a little upon the base of the upper

lobe. All the fins have a series of raylets inserted obliquely

upon the first or anterior ray, producing a serrated or denticu-

late appearance. In this species these raylets are very fine

and close, presenting a strong contrast with those of the Pa-

leoniscus fultus, where they are so long and stout as to render

the term serrate inapt. ‘The succeeding rays have an/articulate

appearance, and are finely subdivided toward their extremities.

The following list of the number of rays in each fin may serve

to give an idea of their relative size:

Pectoral, large and strong, 10 to 12.

Ventral, - - - about ° 8.

Dorsal, - - - - - 10to 12.

Anal, - - - = = 20 to 30.

Caudal, - - - - = 380 to 40.

A remarkably perfect specimen of this species, from the same

locality, is now in possession of the Yale Natural History So-

ciety, at New Haven, and is represented in Plate I.+

In the arrangement of Agassiz, the fish described above would

be comprehended in the order Ganoides, and family Lepi-

doides. Its equilobed tail would assign it to the second di-

vision of the family, the Homocerci, as he has termed them.

From seven fusiform genera now arranged in this division it is

* This indeed is not strictly the case. Its structure, however, is analogous to

that of the Semionotus, ranked by Agassiz among the Homocerci, and differs most

decidedly from that of the true Heterocerci, where the scales, and probably the

vertebra, extend to the extreme point of the upper lobe.

+ Among the specimens deposited with that society is a species of Palonis-

cus,which differs not only from the P. fultus; but from the other numerous species

of this genus, in its form and proportions, and which I have ventured to name,

from this peculiarity, P. latus. See Plate IT.

of Connecticut and Massachusetts. a

entirely excluded by the posterior position of its dorsal. It may

therefore be ranked between the genera Semionotus and Pholi-

dophorus, being analogous to both in the structure of the tail,

and in its serrated fins, and to the latter in the articulation of the

rays. From the situation of the dorsal fin, I have thought the

name Catopterus to be applicable to this new genus. This

name was originally applied by Agassiz to the genus Dipterus

of Sedgewick and Murchison, but he was afterwards induced to

reject it, and restore the name given by the latter. I therefore

see no objection to naming the species Catopterus gracilis.

The specimen marked, No. 11, appears to be identical with

figs. 45 and 48 of Hitchcock, named by Agassiz, Eurynotus

tenuiceps. The genus Ewrynotus is described by Agassiz as

having the anterior rays of the dorsal large and prolonged, and

the divisions of the tail unequal. In the figures of Professor

Hitchcock, it is the posterior rays of the dorsal which are

prolonged, and the tail represented as square and truncated.

To reconcile these figures with his generic description, Agassiz

has supposed the specimen of Hitchcock to have lost the long

anterior rays of the dorsal, and the tail to have been inadver-

tently drawn truncated, instead of forked. This latter suppo-

sition was not indeed improbable, as the same error is found

in the figure of the Palaoniscus fultus. ‘The specimen of this

species, seen in England by Agassiz, and which he has figured,

is defective in a very important point, inasmuch as not only the

dorsal fin, but also nearly the whole of the back and part of

the tail are wanting. But the specimen before us, if it be the

same species figured by Hitchcock, shows that he was correct

in the representation of the dorsal,* but, unfortunately, it can

* Since writing the above, I have been assured by Professor Hitchcock, that

his figure is correct in the representation of the dorsal, and that its peculiar form

could not have been accidental, as he had in his possession numerous individuals

of this species, all of which coincide in this particular.

40 Fossil Fishes.

throw no light upon the structure of the tail, the lower part of

the individual being wanting. It, however, renders it almost

certain that the species cannot be comprehended in the genus

Eurynotus as described by Agassiz, and it will not unlikely

prove the representative of another new genus.

It has of late years been generally admitted that the sand-

stone from which these fishes are derived is of much later date

than the old red sandstone, to which it was once referred, and

these remains confirm this belief. The Paleonisci of Europe

have never been found below the coal measures, while they ex-

tend upward to the copper slate of the zechstein or magnesian

limestone. In the case before us, we find a species of Paleo-

niscus accompanied by a fish, the structure of whose tail ap-

proaches that of the Pholidophorus, and of other fishes never

found below the lias. ‘This fact would seem to imply for this

formation, even a higher situation in the series than that which

is now assigned it by geologists. A careful and extended ex-

amination of the fossil fishes of this deposit, undertaken by able

and experienced naturalists, is much needed, and would pro-

bably decide the question of its relative age.

On the Affinities of Ceratophyllacea. al

Remarks on the Structure and Affinities of the Order

CrraTopHytitacesz. By Asa Gray, M.D. ~

Read, February 20, 1837.

Tue fruit and seed of the genus Ceratophyllum, Linn. were

first correctly described and figured by Gzertner,* so long ago

as the year 1778; a fact worthy of especial notice, since an

erroneous view respecting the structure of the seed has been

introduced into every subsequent systematic work that has

fallen under my notice, in which an account of that organ is

attempted. ‘The only error in the description of Geertner, is

that of considering the proper cotyledons as a separate organ,

which (in this as in a few analogous cases) he calls the vitellus ;

but it should be borne in mind that the admirable work of this

author was prepared at a period when the nature of the embryo

was very imperfectly understood.

L. C. Richard? first pointed out the most remarkable pecu-

liarity in the structure of the embryo, which consists in the

presence of four (apparent) cotyledons and a highly developed

plumule. Jussieu,t who evidently knew very little of the genus,

referred it to the order Naijades; a very heterogeneous assem~

blage as originally constituted, the twelve genera ineluded in

it having been since ascertained to belong to at least seven

different families.

* De Fruct. et Sem. Plantarum, 1, p. 212, ¢. 44, fig. 2. .

+ Analyse du Fruit, 1808. .

t Gen. Plantarum. p. 18.

42 On the Affinities of Ceratophyllacee.

The order Ceratophyllacee, indicated, perhaps, by Richard,

was described, in the year 1821, by Samuel Frederick Gray,

in a work entitled, A Natural Arrangement of British Plants ;* -

wherein it is correctly characterized, except that the radiele is

said to be superior, i. e. to point towards the summit of the peri-

carp. Were this the case, it would necessarily follow, inas-

much as the seed is suspended, that the radicle should be

turned towards the hilum, or, in other words, that the seed is

anatropous ; whereas, on the contrary, the ovule of Cerato-

phyllum is really orthotropous, and the radicle inferior.t ‘This

erroneous view would scarcely require such especial notice,

since Gertner has correctly described the seed in these re-

spects,i were it not for the extraordinary faet of its inadvertent

adoption in the Prodomus of De Candolle, the Introduction to

the Natural System by Lindley, the Ordines Plantarum of

Bartling, the last edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica,{ (as

well as in the Prodromus Flore Peninsula Indie Orientals)

by Arnott, and also in the second and greatly improved edition

of Dr. Lindley’s Introduction to the Natural System, published

within the past year. ‘The genus has also been recently revised

by Chamisso,|| and several new species indicated, but no notice

whatever is taken of the structure of the ovule and seed.

It is not surprising that the true affinities of Ceratophyllum

should have been overlooked, so long as its real structure was

misunderstood in such an important particular. The author

Ne ———$

* Vol. IL. p. 554. . ;

+ This important mistake can scarcely be attributed to inadve c

since in the Corrigenda at the end of the volume, the author adds,

* seed upright, pendulous," which, instead of being a correction, is an

additional error.

t “ Semen fundo putaminis affixum . . . Embryo erectus. . .. Radi-

cula intra vitellum abscondita, infera.""—Gertner, l. c.

§ Article Botany, p. 108.

0) Linnea, 4, p. 503.

Un the Affinities of Ceratophyllacee. 43

who first characterized the order, places it next to Halorageze, in

which he is followed by De Candolle, who arranges it between

that family and Lythrariae, to which it is annexed by Arnott*

as a sub-order; but no affinity with either has been shown,

beyond a vague resemblance in habit. Bartling, and also

Lindley, in the first edition of the work above cited, consider

the affinities of the order to be wholly unknown, the latter,

however, suggesting the query whether it be allied to Podos-

temee. In the succeeding edition, Dr. Lindley takes a new

and wholly unexpected view, considering the genus as a sub-

order, or degeneration, of Urticaceze. I can perceive no par-

ticular resemblance between Ceratophyllum and Urticacee,

except that the fowers of both are apetalous and diclinous,

and the achenium one-seeded. It should be remarked, how-

ever, that the erect seed of the Urticee proper is orthotropous,

as was first pointed out by Brown.t . This is certainly the case

in Urtica, Beehmeria, and Parietaria; but the fact has been

somehow overlooked by Dr. Lindley, who expressly states, in

the second edition of the Introduction to the Natural System,

that the radicle in Urticacez always points to the hilum!

Our attention is next directed to some observations con-

tained in the excellent and elaborate Mémoire sur la Generation

et le Développement de 1’ Embryon dans les Véegétaux phanero-

games, by Adolphe Brongniart,t which, as they have the merit

* « Much as these suborders (Lythrariee and Ceratophyllez) differ

in appearance, we have the authority of Richard for uniting them. It

must be confessed, however, that their chief great resemblance is in the

persistent calyx, free from, but surrounding the fruit.”—Arnott, 1. c—

{ have never been so fortunate as to meet with the observation of Richard

here alluded to.

+ Appendix to Capt. Tuckey’s Expedition to Congo (1808), p. 454.

t Read before the Academie des Sciences in| December 1826, and

published the succeeding year in the 12th volume of the Annales des

Sciences Naturelles. ’

Ad On the Affinities of Ceratophyllacea.

of being the only remarks extant which throw any light upon

the true affinities of Ceratophyllum, have also the misfortune of

having been wholly overlooked by succeeding systematic

writers. -Under these circumstances it is proper to quote that

portion of the observations of M. Brongniart which have a di-

rect bearing upon the subject under consideration. They re-

late, in part, toa remarkable peculiarity in the developement

of the embryo of Ceratophyllum, which is also inferred to

occur in the genus Nelumbium.

_ “ Sion examine l’ovule du Ceratophyllum demersum au mo-

ment de la floraison, on trouve qu'il est suspendu au sommet

de la cavité de l’ovaire, et qu’il est composé d’un seul tegu-

ment owvert a l’extrémité opposée ason point d’insertion ; ’a-

mande également suspendue est formée d’une membrane cel-

luleuse, mince, transparente, et se termine par un mamelon

court, formé par une sorte de petite couronne de cellules.

Dans l’interieur de cette amande, ou trouve le sac embryon-

naire (‘he tercine of Mirbel?) qui la remplit en entier ; il est

fixé superieurement a la chalaze,’** &c. The passage above

quoted suffices to show that M. Brongniart considers the ovule

of Ceratophyllum as suspended and_ orthotropous, and

the accompanying figurest so represent it. ‘The author

proceeds with an account of the embryo at its first develope-

ment, when it appears as a minute green globule, situated, not

within the nucule, but outside of it, and merely in contact with

its orifice, from which the slightest force suffices to detach it.

“ T] continue a s’accroitre pendant quelque temps en adhé-

rant légérement a |’extrémité du sac embryonnaire; mais

beintot il s’en dégage et se développe dans la cavité comprise

entre Ja membrane de |’amande et ce sac; il se divise en trois

lobes, les deux lateraux se prolongent sous forme de cornes

* Ann. Sciences Naturelles, 12, p. 251, at seq.

+ Op. cit t. 44.

On the Affinities of Ceratophyllacea. 45

entre le sac embryonnaire et les parois de l’amande ; le lobe

moyen repousse le sac embryonnaire, s’introduit dans sa cavité,

et finit par étre ainsi envelloppé par se sac: il devient la gem-

mule composée de deux folioles inferieures opposées et de

plusieurs verticelles d’autres fueilles plus petites.

*‘ Tl est inutile d’insister ici sur l’analogie qui existe entre

cet embryon et celui du Nelumbo. II est évident que les deux

lobes externes sont analogues aux deux grands lobes arrondis

de l’embryon du Nelumbo, que le sac qui enveloppe la gem-

mule est le meme qui contient celle du cette plante,. . . .

enfin que la gemmule, trés développée de ces deux plantes

contient également une premiére paire des feuilles oppo-

sées, et en outre d’autres petites feuilles analogues pour les

disposition aux autres feuilles de la plante.’’*

A remarkable resemblance being thus indicated between the

embryo of Ceratophyllum and that of Nelumbium, it becomes

important to learn whether a corresponding agreement exists as

to the structure of the seed in other respects. Little or no in-

formation, however, is to be derived from systematic works

respecting the situation of the seed in the pericarp, and the re-

lation of the radicle to the hilum, in Nelumbium. The figures

of Richardt and Geertnert throw some light upon the question;

but, on examination of the fruit, the radicle is at once perceived

to be inferior and the seed suspended, and, consequently,

orthotropous, as in Ceratophyllum. ‘The points of agree-

ment, therefore, between the two genera chiefly consist in the

simple, one-seeded ovaries, the suspended, orthotropous, ex-

albuminous seeds, the large and fleshy cotyledons situated

outside of the membrane of the nucule, and the unusually de-

veloped plumule (consisting of a pair of primordial leaves and

* Op. cit. p. 253.

+ Analyse du fruit, t. 5, fig. 6; and ‘Ann. du Museum, 17, t. 9, fig.

50 and 57.

Op. cit. 1, t. 19.

46 On the Affinities of Ceratophyllacea.

a bud) enveloped by the persistent membrane of the nucule.

The points of difference, such as the want of petals, the

nearly sessile anthers, and the single ovary of Ceratophyllum,

are sufficiently obvious ; but they cannot be thought to weaken

materially such peculiar and strongly marked affinities. ‘The

lower degree of developement, both of the organs of vegetation

and fructification of Ceratophyllum, are, perhaps, chiefly attri-

butable to the entirely submersed habit of the genus.

If a comparison be next instituted between Ceratophyllum

and the order Cabombacee or Hydropeltidez, affinities will be

perceived, the existence of which have been, I believe, hitherto

unsuspected. ‘This order, first indicated by Richard,* and

considered by De Candolle as a tribe of Podophyllez, has

been referred to Nymphzeacez both by Brownt and Lindley :t

it is, however, a distinct order, more closely allied to Nelum-

biaceze than Nymphzeaceze, as will be shown in the course of

these remarks. It includes two genera, both peculiar to the

American continent, viz. Brasenia,g the only species of which

(B. peltata of Pursh) abounds in ponds and_ slow-flowing

streams from Canada to Florida; and Cabomba of Aublet,

which comprises two species hitherto confounded,|| the one a

* Ann. du Museum, 17, p. 230.

+ Appendix to Capt. King’s Voyage to New Holland.

t Op. cit. ed. 2, p. 13.

§ Schreber, Genera Plantarum (1798), p. 372.—Hydropeltis, Michxr.

fl. (1803) 1, p. 324. This genus having been characterized and described

by Schreber long before the Flora of Michaux was published, [ see no

reason for adopting the name imposed by the latter, as is done by most

European botanists.

| Lsubjoin the characters and synomony of the two species.

1. CanomBa aquatica; foliis natantibus orbiculatis ; floribus luteis;

ovariis (an semper!) 2. — C. aquatica, Aubl. pl. Guian. 1, p. 321, t.

124; Richard, ann. museum, 17, p. 230, t. 5, fig. 23; D C. syst. 2,

p- 36; Dict. sci. nat. t. absque num. (opt.); Roem. & Schult. syst.

7, p- 1379.——Han. In stagnis et rivulis Cayenne, Aublet; in Suri-

nam, Dr. Herring.

On the Affinities of Ceratophyllacee. 47

native of Cayenne, the other of 8S. Carolina, Louisiana, &c.

Both species have the habit of Brasenia as to the flowers and

floating leaves, and that of Ceratophyllum in the filiformly

dissected submersed foliage. Brasenia and Cabomba are very

nearly allied; the principal difference consisting in the more

numerous stamens and ovaries of the former, while in the

latter the ovaries are reduced to two, three, or four, and the

stamens are (as in Ceratophyllum) only twice the number of

the sepals. ‘The ovaries of both bear from two to three ovules,

but commonly only one or two seeds are perfected. The

indehiscent carpels are crowned with the persistent styles, as

in Ceratophyllum.

In order to bring to view the real affinities of Cabombacez,

it is necessary to avail ourselves of the important characters

furnished by the seed, the true structure of which (particularly as

compared with allied orders, in the direction of the radicle, &c.)

has been almost wholly overlooked.* The seeds of Cabomba

and Brasenia resemble each other very closely. ‘They are sus-

pended in the pericarp, one above the other, when twoare present;

and arather large roundish spot (similar to that on the seed

of Nelumbium) is observed at the extremity opposite the hi-

lum ; which, as no raphe is perceptible, may be inferred to be

2. CaspomBa CarouiniAna; foliis natantibus ellipticis lineari-oblon-

gisve ; floribus albis; ovariis 3—4.—C. Aubletii, Michr. fl. 1, p. 206.

Nectris peltata, Pursh, fl. 1, p. 239 (excl. syn.). N. aquatica, Nutt. gen.

1, p. 230; Ell.! bot. 1, p. 416, non Willd—Has. In aquosis S. Caro-

line! Georgie ! et Louisianz!

I have seen flowers of this species with only two sepals, and two

petals. Pursh, who considers the North American plant the same as

that of Aublet, has, nevertheless, taken the unwarrantable liberty of

changing the specific name.

* Fine dissections of the seed, both of Cabomba and Brasenia,

drawn by Richard, are published in the plates of the Dict. des Sciences

Naturelles, from an examination of which their true structure may be

deduced. It is worthy of notice that the portion of the embryo which

Richard calls the gemmule in Ann. du Museum 17, p. 230, t. 5, fig. 22

and 23, he here more properly considers to be the radicle.

48 On the Affinities of Ceratophyllacoe.

the mieropyle. The correctness of this view is demonstrated

by a consideration of their internal structure. The embryo, —

enclosed in- a peculiar covering (the thickened and persistent

membrane of the nucule) lies in immediate contact with the

(organic as well as geometrical) base of the seed, the residue

of the cavity being filled witha rather firm albumen; the radi-

cular extremity pointing from the hilum and towards the distant

micropyle. The seeds of Cabombacee are therefore suspended

and orthotropous, as in Ceratophyllaceze. The principal dif

ference between the two orders, so far as respects the structure

of the ovule and seed, consists, therefore, in the less developed ~

embryo of the former being wholly enclosed in the persistent

sac of the nucule (as in Nympheeaceze), and in the presence of

albumen. It is evident, therefore, that the order Ceratophylla-

cez is almost as closely allied to Cabombacez as to Nelum-

biaceze, and that it should stand in the immediate vicinity of

these two orders, notwithstanding the much lower develope-

ment of its floral organs, and other diversities attributable to its

wholly submersed habit.

As to the affinity of the order Cabombaceze with Nelumbiacea

and Nymphzeacee, it may be remarked that it agrees with

the former in its innate anthers, apocarpous ovaries, and nearly

solitary orthotropous seeds ; and with the latter in the presence

of albumen, and of a sac enclosing the embryo. It differs

from Nelumbiacez chiefly in the albuminous seeds, and less

developed embryo, and in the absence of an enlarged torus ;

while Nymphwacew, however close the alliance, are essentially

distinguished from both these families by their adnate anthers,

polyspermous and syncarpous ovaries, and anatropous seeds.*

* In both Nymphewacee and Cabombacee the embryo is commonly

described as situated yearly without the albumen, at the base of the

seed: there is, however, this important difference, that in the latter the

embryo is placed at the true base of the seed, i. e. next the chalaza ;

while in the former (as in Papaveracee, &c.) it is situated at the ex-

‘ tremity opposite the chalaza or oganiAlike, which, as inall anatropous

quygns

Be: the Afin of Ceratophyllacee. 49

The two species t Renses ppt admitted by Linnaeus,

were distinguished chiefly by the presence or absence of lateral

spines. -In a recent reviSion of the genus by Chamisso,* six

species are described, and a seventh is indicated by Dr. Wal-

lich. If these be distinc species, as is most probable, there

are doubtless others to be discovered. In this country, spe-

areyrarely to be met with in fruit, and consequently the

gen little known. Iam indebted to Dr. Torrey for the op-

a of examining specimens with ripe fruit, collected by

him, several years since, near Princeton, New Jersey, which

are wholly different from any species described or figured by

Chamisso. They agree, however, with a specimen from Su-

rinam, communicated by the late Mr. Schweinitz, except that

the fruit is a little larger.» This plant, which I am disposed to

consider an undescribed species, resembles C. muricatum of

Chamisso more than any other, from which it differs not only

in the shorter and more slender terminal, and two lateral spines

of the fruit, but also more particularly in the whole margin

ee beset with slender spines. It may therefore be called C.

matum.

In descriptions of a seed, it is important that the relation

of the hilum to the chalaza and micropyle should be especially

noticed 5 Or; whith amounts to the same thing, that the spermic,

7 *seeds, occupies 't e Beometrical apex of the seed. The radicle is ap-

proximated ‘to th Mae in the. former case, but points in the opposite

he latter. e a figure given by Dutrochet, in 1 Mem. du

which the embryo is plainly represented as dicotyle-

donous, alt * author, adopting a very absurd view, attempts to

rove it to be monocotyle onous: See also, especially, the admirable

plate’ in.the Memoir of Ad. Brongniart,* illustrative of the mode of im-

pregnation, and the structure of the ovule and seed, in Nuphar lutea,

which incontestably demonstrates the correctness of the view of Brown

and others respecting the nature of the sac which encloses the embryo.

* Ann. Sci. Naturelles, 12, t. 39.

* Linnea 4, p. 503.

VOL. Iv. 7

» @eriibalarly indicated ; since the me affords ¢

the highest rank, from which the | itter may be inferve

considered in connexion with the direction of the seed. | It is

also desirable that the classificatiof and nomenclature of ovules.

proposed by Mirbel* should be extended togseeds, and gene- _

rally employed in systematic descriptions, which would t

rendered much more simple and perspicuous. ;

use the expression, seed anatropous, it is understoo

micropyle, and consequently the radicle, is situated in the im-

« mediate vicinity of the hilum, and that the chalaza, or a

base of the seed, occupies (if the embryo be straight, or nearly

so,) the portion most remote from the hilum, with which it is

connected by means of a prolongation of the funiculus, called 4

the raphe.t ~ ;

* Ann. Sciences Naturelles, vol. 17.

+ An instance of the separation of the raphe from the testa, in one of

the two seeds of the fruit of Seringia platyphylla, is represented by te

. Gay in the seventh volume of the Mem. du Museum, t..17.

Dp a Ee. in

me the Appearance of the Pie GrosBeak, Pyrr hula

Read December 19, 1836.

Pine Grosbeak has been long known as an inhabitant

extreme northern regions of both continents. Wilson

records two solitary instances of their appearance in the neigh-

bourhood of Philadelphia, but it seems to have been very

a rarely observed within the limits of the United States.

Mr. J. Bell and myself have met with this beautiful bird in

abundance during the present season, (from October 1836 to

March 1837,) not only at Weehawken, opposite to this city,

but at Tappan, twenty miles farther north, and also on the south

ie of Long Island, many individuals having been exposed for

themselves over the whole region, more particularly where the

e in our markets, and they seem, ‘in fact, to have spread

Red Cedar, Juniperus Virginiana, is to be found. We have

never before met with them; though actively employed i in col-

ecting fi en years past, nor have we heard of their being seen

here since more than twenty years ago, when, as we are in-

* formed by Mr. E. Guillaudet, he procured in the market the

pair now preserved in the American Museum in this city. We

can only a ount for their unusual appearance by the early cold

weather, an he prevalence of northerly winds during several

. weeks past.

They appear to feed entirely on the hard kernel of the cedar

berries, not, like other birds, swallowing the whole fruit. When

feeding they are remarkably tame, so that we have frequently

approached, at that time, within four feet of them. ‘They are

generally met with in small parties of from four to fifteen in

Wigs. mm the Environs of New-York. By Jamzs PF.

’ “~s

. 62 Notice of the Appearance of the Pine Groshaae

ny. When shot at, or disturbed, they fly o}

tions, uttering a shrill loud note or call. Whe single»

they seem very restless, repeating their call incessantly. » They

fire very active in pursuit of food, and are frequently seen*flut-.,

. stering upward after berries in the same manner as the ‘common * > ©

Cedar Bird. ?.

Among our specimens, amounting to rig sige mal

of which we dissected to determine the sex, we have obse

ing to orange. ‘These we take to be the young of the year.

2. ‘Those which have these parts crimson, except that the

the following principal varieties :

1. Those with the plumage, above and below, princi

a bluish gray, with the crown and rump dark olive, ap

back feathers are merely bordered with this colour, the centre

being dark. According to Temminck they are the males after

their first moult.

3. Those which have scarlet instead of the crimson, the

males after the second moult. e

4. ‘Those in which the,crown is dark brown, the rump yel-

low-olive, and the back cinereous, and athe head a mixture of

cinereous and olive-green, and all exhibiting traces, more or

less, evident of the cinereous plumage. From this last cir-

cumstance it would appear that they were males in the third

year, though not answering to the desétiptiddgivag by Teme

minck. a”

5. Those in which the brown parts of the last-mentioned *

are bright orange-brown, especially the rump, with scareely a d

faint trace of red. ‘This appears to be an old individual, and,

from dissection, we are of opinion that it is an old female.

Descriptions of Five Species of VESPERTILIO that inhabit the

Environs of the City of New-York. By Wittram Cooper.

. * *, Read February 6, 1837.

« &

Tue difficulty of determining the species of Bats is well

_known to zoologists. It is but recently that those belonging to

Europe have been settled with some degree of accuracy, and

it is not to be expected that the American species should be

already so well known as to leave no room for further investi-

gation. The Mammalogie of Desmarest, the latest general

catalogue, contains descriptions of but three species from the

continent of North America, those published by Rafinesque

being considered by that author as too little known and too

imperfectly described to be included in his text. Subsequent

writers, especially Say, Le Conte, Harlan, have made known

several others, so that the list of nominal species of Cheiroptera

belonging to the United States now comprises thirteen, without

including those of Rafinesque, or the Rhimopoma carolinensis

of G. St. Hilaire, which has not been since observed, and is

admitted by the author himself to be very doubtful as an Ame-

rican.species. These thirteen species have been referred to

the genera Vespertilio, Nycticcius, Taphozous and Plecotus.*

My object in the present communication is to establish and

clear up the synonymy of several species which I have ob-

served in this vicinity, and by means of more extended de-

* In a report on the Zoology of North America, read to the British Associa-

tion by Dr. Richardson, at their late mecting in August 1836, he assigns sixteen

species of Cheiroptera to North America. Not less than twenty-four have been

described or indicated under separate names by authors, of which eleven are by

Rafinesque.

. ‘= vad

54 Five Species of Vespertilio. :

: eS *

scriptions and comparisons than have been helofore given, te

enable the student to determine them with as lit e Wifficulty: as

their close resemblance will permit. The materials for'@oing

this have been derived partly from my own researchessduring

several years past, and party from the liberal communications

of my friends, especially Major Le Conte of this city, the Rev.,

Dr. Bachman of Charleston, and Doctors Pickering and

ton of Philadelphia. ‘Through their assistance I have likewise

been enabled to make some interesting observations relative to

other groups of this family, which [I propose to communicate

as I find opportunity to prepare them for publication. I hope

in this manner to lay the groundwork for a complete account

of the Cheiroptera of the United States, which however much

to be desired, I have not at present the requisite materials to

undertake.

1. VESPERTILIO PRUINOSUS.

Vespertilio pruinosus, Say in Long’s Exp. I. p. 168. Ricuarp-

son, Fauna Bor. Am. I. p. 1. y

Nycticeius tesselatus, Rar. ?

Hoary Bat, Gopmay, Am. Nat. Hist. I. p. 68. Pl. I. fig. 3.Ricu.

L Ce 2

Description.

In the general appearance of the upper parts it much re-

sembles the common Red Bat, though more variegated in

color. ‘The ears are of moderate size and rounded, hairy

above next the head, with a naked anterior lobe; the inside

also hairy, except on the outer portion and round the border ;

tragus hairy, irregularly triangular, obtuse and arquated, with

the outer angle curved forward and the inner attached. About

the ears and front the color of the fur is a pale tawney, the

remaining upper parts of the body including the flanks and

interfemoral membrane, except a narrow edging round the

latter, of a dark ferruginous, intermixed with dusky black on

: pr GE. yas rah 5

ops 8 x Five Species of Vespertalio. 55

the back, and all tipped with white, giving it a peculiarly hoary

aspect. There ‘is a small whitish hairy patch near the first or

- elbow joint of the wing membrane, and another at the base of

the unl some, a third at the base of the fourth pha-

lanx, the remainder of the membrane above being naked.

Bene the lips and lower jaw are dusky black, throat and

neck pale yellowish. At the insertion of the wings is a white

mark as in V. noveboracensis, on each side, between which

the fur is dusky brown tipped with white, like the upper parts.

Lower down it becomes much mixed with pale tawney, which

predominates on the flanks, and extends, forming a hairy bor-

der of half an inch wide up the membrane, to the origin of

the phalanges. ‘The remainder of the wing and interfemoral

membranes naked.

The sides of the interfemoral membrane are sustained by a

bony process (os calcis ?) three fourths of an inch long, project-

ing in a curved line, and articulated with the tibia. This is not

peculiar to the species, but is more than usually apparent.

Incisors = canines — molars — =30:

. Totallength - - - - - - 4.S inches

7) i i tg De SR PR

Bore arm |) - 5) - = oe fe. 2.0,

eet Seg rm = Nee Oe aes

: ct: | bi a a ec a I a | Ms

I have no doubt of the identity of this Bat with the praio-

sus of Say, as well as of Richardson, who has described its

external markings with minuteness and accuracy. ‘The differ-

ence in size remarked by Dr. Richardson in his specimen is ..

not greater than I have observed” between different specimens

of the smaller species ; but the dental formula given by him,

is materially unlike that which I, after repeated examination,

have laid down as above. In fact, this and the following spe-

cies agree strictly in all the peculiarities of their dental system,

56 Five Species of Vespertilio. ~ + «=. *

both as to the kind and number of the teeth, and form. together

a small natural group, the Nycticeius of Rafinesque, which

however I have not thought it expedientto adopt as a genus, »

as they differ so little in habit and external charagters from our

other Vespertiliones. ‘The external resemblance between these

two species is also very great, so that they might be confound-

ed without a close inspection of the markings. But the Hoary

Bat is much larger; besides, as Say observes, many minor

differences, of which the most conspicuous are the black lips

and chin, and buff-colored cravat of this species. The hairy

patch near the elbow joint I have not found in any dnstance in

the New-York Bat, and in all the varieties of this latter there

is an obvious reddish tinge, approaching sometimes to lake, on

the under parts (as well as upper) of which there is no appear-

ance whatever in the large species. The white mark at the

insertion of the wings is found in both.

Though first described by Mr. Say from a specimen obtained

beyond the Mississippi, there is now reason to believe that this

fine species is common in the Atlantic States. Previously

to the expedition of Major Long it had been captured in Phi-

ladelphia, and a Specimen from Georgia has been communicated

“7 te

to me by Major Le Conte, and another by Dr. Bachman’

from Charleston, South Carolina. That from which the above

description is chiefly drawn up, was shot by Mr. J. F. Ward,

in the month of November, near the heights of Weehawken,

in New Jersey, near this city, in broad daylight. It was hoy-

ering and fluttering about the precipice in thegnanner of other

Bats, and occasionally darting towards the low grounds, more

like a bird. J have witnessed at the same locality the similar

evolutions of a Bat, probably of this species, that was flying

about early one fine afternoon, though it kept below the shadow

of the rocks. It is not improbable that it migrates hither

from the north, Dr. Richardson having met with it in lat. 54°.

‘

’ Five Species of Vespertilio. 57

- od

* e+

- a

+ 2. VESPERTILIO NOVEBORACENSI&.

way

New-York Bat, Penn: Syn. p. 367. Inem Arct. Zool. I. p. 184.

Vespertilio noveboracensis, GMEL. Syst. I. p. 50 sp. 21. GEoFFROY

Sr. H.in Ann. Mus. 8. p- 203. Harntan, Fauna Am. Ipem,

. Month. Am. J. I. p. 220. Gopman, Am. Nat. Hist. I. p. 68.

'Taphozous rufus, Lesson, Man. Mamm.

Nycticeia noveboracensis, L. C. in App. to Mc Murtrie’s Cuvier,

“Lp. 441.

Description.

Ears short, roundish, naked on the anterior half above, and

furnished merely with a thin covering of fine hairs within.

Color of the fur above reddish tawney, in some individuals

deep, and more properly ferruginous ; in others very light-

colored: the base is of a light ochreous tint, towards the end

it is reddish tawney, ferruginous, or lake, and often finely tip-

ped with white, giving it a slightly hoary or cream-colored

appearance, according to the predominance of one or the other

of these tints. The reddish tawney always predominates on

the interfemoral membrane, which, and the feet, are densely

hairy down to the very edge. ‘The wing membranes are en-

tirely naked above, with the exception of a small spot at the

base of the thumb, and about the base of the fore finger, which

in some individuals extends half an inch down each side of

the phalanx, though in others there is scarcely a trace. At

the insertion of the wings is a white mark, most conspicuous

on the under side. Beneath, the colors are similar to those

of the back, though paler; a hairy border extends along the

anterior side of the membrane to the divergence of the phal-

anges. This part of the membrane is light yellow or tawney,

while the rest is dusky both in this and the preceding species.

VOL. IV. 8

“yg *

of 2 a.7e%

58 Five Spates of Vespentilio. « “ a

: ts SP 141 Mg ae S

Incisors — canines —>- . molars == To

. ¥

Total length ~~ from 3.0 tb 3.8 inches. ~ ©

Tail,abont- - - - - "** 138 of 15 +o: & *

Forearm + - - -_- “« 139° 2a

saa 8 OU oe ea ae ae Aw a

Spread - - - - - EO. Oe 11.0, “ “+

, «- ‘~

There has been much disagreement among authors respect-

ing the dental system of this Bat. Say first detected the error

of Pennant, who thought-it had no upper incisors., F. Cuvier

is the only author who has given a complete dentalé Hornpifa

for the species, but it is not correct.* Desmarest, following.

Rafinesque, arranges the V. noveboracersis under the genus... ‘

Atalapha, characterized by the total absence of incisors ! The

above formula may be relied on, having been carefully verified

by my own repeated examinations, and confirmed by the notes

communicated by Major Le Conte.

The Red Bat of Pennsylvania, figured in the sixth volume

of Wilson’s Ornithology, is no other, as Godman has remark-

ed, than this species, and one of the lighter colored varieties.

Lesson, an industrious French naturalist, concluded from

Wilson’s account of its dental system, that it belonged to the

African genus Taphozous, in which he has been followed by

Cuvier in his second edition, with what reason may be infer-

red from our description. In effect the incisors rise so little

above the gum, and even in prepared skulls the lower are so

minute and so crowded together, that the most careful inspee-

tion with a Jens is requisite to detect the actual number.

The Red or New-York Bat is common over a great extent

of country, including the southern and middle states, and the

western to near the Rocky Mountains, where it was met with by

Major Long’s party. During winter it remains in a torpid .

state in caverns and similar places, where it has been found at

* Dents des Mammiferes, p. 48.

“

’

o eS

kd ee he. .

ea: 2 B ** Five Species of Vespertilio. . 59

this season in’ the States of New-York and Pernsylvania. In

- sumnfer itis frequently discovered in woods suspended during

» th@®day bysits thumb claws to a twig behind a cluster of leaves.

Its habits are in other respects similar to those of its tribe.

as The female is larger than-the male, and produces four or five

e young at a birth, though others of the genus are said to have

“} but one. _ | !

| V. borbonicus of Geoffroy is no doubt a very different spe-

_ cies, as well as V. lasiurus of Schreber, also figured by Geof-

froy, unless we suppose the ears to be very incorrectly repre-

. sented by these authors.

° ,

‘

® ; 3. VESPERTILIO NOCTIVAGANS.

2. P Vespertilio noctivagans, L. C. in App. to Mc Murtrie’s Transl. of

. , Cav. R. An. I. p. 431.

Vespertilio Auduboni, Haruan, in Am. Monthly Jour. of Geol.

~ p. 220. pl. IV. —

Silver haired, or Audubon’s Bat.

Description.

Ears dusky black, rather large, naked on the anterior por-

tion, somewhat ovate and obtuse, with two emarginations on

the outer posterior border, produced by two plaits; naked

within, and with the tragus moderate, ovate, and obtuse. Color

above, a uniform dark dusky brown approaching to black. On

the back the fur is somewhat glossy and tipped with silvery

white, forming an interrupted line across the shoulders, and

thence irregularly mixed down the centre of the back. _Inter-

femoral membrane thickly hairy on the upper part, becoming

thinner downward and naked near the border. ‘Tip of the tail

projecting about a line beyond the membrane. Feet hairy.

Wing membrane entirely naked. Beneath very similar to the

upper parts, though the light-colored tips of the hairs are more

yellowish.

: * ;

60 Five Species of Vespertilio. © +”

*5—5

Incisors ** canines molars ——-=384.

- :

Totallength - - - - - - - - = 38 inches. Srv

Ta = SS ee 4

Forearm - - - - - &@- 4 =e "LOR Re

Pildbee he v= bet vince sales ee oe

Spread.-"- - -- = - %.- /- 80 Bee '

This species is easily recognised at sight by its dark black-

brown fur tipped with white on the back, and it cannot be con-

founded with any other of our Bats by the most heedless

observer. It was first described in the year 1831, both by

Major Le Conte and Dr. Harlan. The preface to the volume

in which the former gentleman’s description appears is dated

in June; that of the latter is contained in the Journal of Ge-

ology for November of the same year. These dates are my

only guide in deciding the claim to priority in favor of Major

Le Conte, by adopting his name for this species.

The Silver-haired Bat is rare in our vicinity, and I have

only obtained it from Long Island, where it is found during the

day in hollow trees. I have seen a considerable number, which

were remarkably uniform in their appearance. ‘They are pro-

bably more common in the southern states, where they have

been observed by Major Le Conte.

4. VESPERTILIO CAROLINENSIS.

Vespertilio carolinensis, Grorrroy St. Hintarre, in Ann. du

Museum, 8 p. 193, sp. 2. figs. of the head and cranium pls.

47 and 48. Le Conre, in App. to Me Murtrie’s Cuv. I. p.

431.

Description.

Kars large, naked, except near the head, and with a broad

and obtuse tip curving outwards ; emarginate on the outer

posterior edge, tragus nearly a line broad, linear and obtuse,

. * Five Species of Vespertilio. © 61

e 7.

and aswell as the inside of the ears, destitute of haits. All’

the upper parts of the ‘head and body are covered with close.

soft, and glossy fur, ofa uniform brown color approaching to

chestnut. Beneath the fur is of a pale dingy ochreous or yel- «

lowish. The remaining ott are all naked with the exception

of a few scattered hairs on the toes. Last joint of the tail

free. Bony process supporting the membrane very apparent.

~ :

. ‘Incisors == . canines — molars — —32.

4 ' e ;

Total length = - - "+ - -.- - - - 3.8 inches.

Palme a aS i 4s a sn 15 *%

iatenast Senecio Se GS PLCS, 2h Su Sed tn

Tibia. - - - -*- - -.ge- - - + O08 %

SL A A Ng ee mer ee

Though apparently well known to the French naturalists,

no American author who has written upon these animals ap-

pears to have been acquainted with this species, except Major

Le Conte, as above cited. It is common in Carolina and

‘Georgia, and rather numerous on the south side of Long

Island, whence I have frequently procured it.

5. VESPERTILIO SUBULATUS.

Vespertilio subulatus, Say in Long’s Ex. II. p. 65. Ricnarpson

Fauna B. A. I. p. 3.

Vespertilio lucifugus, L. C. in App. to Mc Murtrie’s Cuv. I. p. 431.

Atalapha fuscata, Rar.?

Vespertilio domesticus, GreEN, in Cab. N. H. II. p. 290.

Say’s Bat, Ricuarpson loc. cit.

Deseription.

Ears rather large, naked except at the very base, narrowed

somewhat at tip, and obtuse, tragus linear, subulate, subacute.

The fur is fine and soft, of a grayish or cinereous brown color

above, beneath pale yellowish mixed with dusky. The re-

% Gar :

62 | st ™ Five Species of Vespettilio. & ; x 3 a

nes more délicate in texture and Jess dusky, and the tail all, .

éfigaged in-thé interfemoral membrane. yy Poms Qe *,

. J <a ’ - 8 a! ee al

.* Incisors = - canines 1s - molars = =38.1 .

. ‘ . .

Total length® - - --- - - % - --* 3.2 inches.

Tail=> © 5 - foe eee He DB He me

Poleate = - © teats - © -¢ ¢° 5210) Cee

Tibi. i= =, - 8) =<yee > on™ ey te 0.7 ‘ ‘ ¥

Spread - - - “Gai te a 9.3 i ae

; a a a "

Say’s Bat, and tie Carolina Bat have a strongvexternal re-

semblance, and might be mistaken for eachother, though there

is considerable difference in-size, which, with the different fori

of the tragus will enable the student to discriminate between _

the two species. The dental systems, it will be observed, are |

very unlike. That of V. subulatus is correctly described by

Dr. Richardson, as I have carefully verified.. From the spe-

cimens and MS. notes communicated to me by Major:Le

Conte, I am satisfied of the identity of this with his V. licifuguS.

to which he also assigns the same dentary system. a

This species, first made known. by Mr. Say, in the notes

to the account of Long’s first expedition, was afterwards more

minutely described by Dr. Richardson, who found it the most

common species of Bat near the eastern base of the Rocky »

Mountains, and Mr. Townsend has recently brought it from

Columbia river. A specimen obtained by Dr. Pickering

in the mountains of New Hampshire, is preserved in the -

cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and I have seen’

another procured by Mr. Audubon, in Labrador. I have a

specimen from Pittsburg, on the Ohio. In our vicinity, and

in the city itself, it is pretty common. Major Le Conte,

and Mr. Bachman, have communicated specimens from Geor-

gia and Carolina. It is therefore, though one of the latest

known, at the same time one of the most widely diffused over

the United States.

~ “mai ing parts ar@naked like the preceding species; the mem er

“%

~ ~

“~

* a

“ i ae 4% Fi we ‘Species of” aye ogae e's 63

Broth 3. ‘Green, ik given’ in Dovghty’ S Cabinet of

rs Natural History some. interesting particulars. concerning a

‘small spécies of Bat, V. domesticus, which appears “from” his

” ~ description to bé-idéiitieal with this. ‘He observed it to resort

* in great nurs. 36 a deserted frame building, concealing itself *

scuitinig. the day between the boards and the plaster walls,” all

i. aang and issuing -by one small aperture. “This was in_

_ Western: tl oe *

"pel heré, wich totcerroborate the remark of Professor Green,

. that the numper of i incisors, at leaSt in our. Bats, is a permanent

4 character’ I have seen nothing to, favor the"idea entertained

_ byeseveral distinguished ‘naturalists, that any of the teeth are

aé- deciduous, -but on the contrary have observed them to retain

~*,- gthe entire number uatil apie worn with use. 2

a ? x

ag 7 ce ony

, il Ke a a 4 * &

eS ad mv «

a Ns ae

” z °

‘ t a

x : +... P : R

. . se,

. -

«,% -

s 4 ~

: neil

‘ "be : “3 .

On Two Species of Moxossus inhabiting the Southern United

. States. By Witi1am Cooper. . ee

> Read February 20,1887. +4

- Om a ‘

THE great Prussian zoologist Pallas, in his Spicilegia

Zoologica, Fascicle IV. p. 8, suggests the name of Molossus

for a South American Bat, which had been previously made

known by Buffon and Daubenton, giving at the same time a

figure of the cranium, and pointing out some peculiarities ine

its dentary system which distinguished it from all the other

then known species. Accordingly it became the Vespertilio

molossus of Gmelin, in whose Systema it forms,a distinct sec-

tion, characterized as already indicated by Pallas. :

M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire having undertaken a revision of the

great genus Vespertilio, proposed in the sixth volume of the

Annales du Museum, the V. molossus of Pallas and Gmelin as

the type of a separate group, for which he adopted the name

of Molossus, and added several other species, all natives of

South America. Illiger afterwards changed the name of this

genus to Dysopes, which is also employed by M. 'Temminck

in preference to the original name, but as the alteration seems

to have been introduced without sufficient necessity, we shall

with Cuvier adhere to that first proposed by Pallas.

This genus, extended so as to include the Nyctinomus of

Geoffroy, forms the subject of an excellent memoir in the

Monographies de Mammalogie of Temminck. Nyctinomus

was originally founded on an Egyptian Bat, and the spe-

cies were for a time supposed to be confined to Asia and

Africa, until M. Geoffroy the younger himself referred to the

same genus the Molossus nasutus of Spix, under the name of

Two Species of Molossus. 66

Nyctinomus brasiliensis. The geographical distinction being

thus done away with, and M. Temminck finding in the young

Molossi all the characters of the Nyctonomz has united them in

one. The Dinops of M. Savi, founded on a species observed

in Italy, there appears reason to believe is also a species of

Molossus, which thus proves to inhabit every quarter of the

old continent.

The fact of the existence of this genus in North America,

and especially so far north as the United States, has not been

hitherto made known, or scarcely suspected. Among several

collections of Bats from Carolina and Georgia that have been

recently submitted to my inspection, I find two apparently

distinct, which are clearly species of Molossus, and much re-

lated to some of the smaller ones so well illustrated in the

work of M. Temminck.

1. Monossus cYNOCEPHALUS.

Puate III. Fig. 1. theshead. fig. 2.

Nycticea cynocephala, Lx Conve in App. to Transl. of Cuv.R. A.

I. p. 442, sp. 3.

Rhinopoma carolinensis, Georr.? Desm. Mamm. p. 1307

Description.

Color entirely sooty brown, darker above, paler beneath.

Ears with a very short rounded tragus, and remarkable for

being singularly and regularly crimped or fluted on their poste-

rior half. Numerous stout bristles about the face. Muzzle

broad, and lips thick and pendant, giving the ferocious expres-

sion characteristic of the genus. The wings long, and suffi-

ciently ample ; the interfemoral membrane naked, and_ partly

sustained by a slender bony process from the hind foot, the

tail extending half an inch beyond it. The tibia and fibula

short and robust, and included in the membranes their whole

VOL. IV. 9

66 Two Species of Molossus.

length. Toes nearly equal in length, the two outer rather -

more robust, and woolly on the outside, and all furnished with

fine long hairs springing from the roots of the nails, and forming

a fringe on the inner side of the foot. The fur is of a close

and velvetty texture, unlike the loose and long pelage of the

northern Vespertiliones.

Incisors canines = molars = =32.

Totallength - - - - - - - - - = 3.3 inches.

AM om) more bee. smile ie) aie ob Re

Wore arm -- - 9.995 7.0 ae ae

AUDI ©) =e =. el =, aoe es om 0.5 “

Spread. - = - -* = ‘= -) = - 9S) - 10.55%

I have described this Bat from a specimen furnished to me

by Major Le Conte. The first and only notice of the species

hitherto published is that given by this gentleman as above

quoted, unless it be the doubtful Rhznopoma carolinensis, as

supposed by my friend Dr. Pickering. ‘There is however no

appearance of any nasal appendage whatever, and it exhibits no

other affinity with that genus. Major Le Conte obtained it in

Georgia, where as he informs me he has observed it in large

numbers together. Dr. Bachman has also sent me several

specimens, and states that it is common about Charleston,

though he had not observed it elsewhere. No other writers

appear to have met with it. ‘The curious crimping of the ears

is found in another species from Java, the Dysopes tenuis of

Temm. Monog. I. p. 228, pl. 19, fig. 2.. The dentary for-

mula is derived from the MS. notes communicated by Major

Le Conte.

Two Species of Molossus. 67

2. MoLossus FULIGINOSUS.

Plate III. Fig. 3. The head, fig. 4.

Dysopes obscurus, Temm. Monog. I. p. 236, pl. XXII. fig 2.7

Rhinopoma carolinensis, Geoff.? Desm. Mamm. p. 130?

Color sooty brown, paler beneath, ears blackish, wings dus-

ky. Ears very broad and ample, occupying the whele side of

the head, but not crimped like the preceding. ‘Tragus small,

but obvious. Muzzle prominent, face set with long hairs, lips

full, but less so than in the former species. Wings long and

ample for the genus, with close, scattered, short whitish hairs

on the under side. The interfemoral membrane naked, and

extending a quarter of an inch further than the wing membranes

down the tibia, and terminating in a border, the wing mem-

brane ending abruptly. ‘The tail is robust, extending seven-

tenths of an inch beyond the membrane. Outer toes fringed,

and all furnished with a few long hairs like the former species.

The fur is also similar, much resenfbling that of a common

mole or scalops. |

Incisors = canines molars s— ?=380.

Totallength, - - - - -»- - - - -. 38.5 inches.

Co areca peel ar a A HEE sippy ge

Woraam —- - = -— = - le ee LD

Tibia eet Prat ae fave pe fae SN a bc

Spread - - --- - - - - - - - - 96 *

J have seen but a single specimen of this species, which was

sent to the Lyceum of Natural History by Dr. Boykin, of

Milledgeville, Georgia, where it was procured, and. it appears

to’ be altogether unknown to naturalists. With the exception

of the legs, from which the bones had been removed and the

skin unnaturally stretched, the specimen is in good preserva-

68 Two Species of Molossus.

tion, and so prepared that most of the teeth can be examined

without injury to it.

The Dysopes obscurus of 'Temminck bears a close resem-

blance to our species, and may possibly prove to be the same,

when better materials for comparison shall be obtained. The

description of Rhinopoma carolinensis applies equally to this

species with the former, and in the number of lower incisors

it corresponds still better with it. See Desmarest, Mamm.

In order that naturalists may judge with what degree of pro-

priety I have referred these Bats to the genus Molossus, and at

the same time to complete their description, I shall subjoin

the characteristics of that remarkable genus, as laid down by

Temminck in his Monography,a work drawn up with great care

from materials obtained by the examination of all the principal

cabinets of Holland, France, England and Germany.

DYSOPES. TIllig. Temm.

Vespertilio, Linn, Gmétl. Molossus, Geoff. Cuv. Desm.

Nyctinomus, Geoff. Desm. Chetromeles, Horsf. Dinops, Savi.

Incisive teeth variable in number with age, 2, 3, 2, or 2, or

even 4 in youth. ‘The adult has constantly two upper incisors

more or less apart, and converging towards the point. The

lower small, bilobed, much crowded, (inferiores 6 conferti,

LC.), and all or part of them falling out from the excessive

development of the heel (or basal process) of the canine.

Canine teeth 2, the upper large, channeled in front, the

lower as it were grafted on an immense heel touching, in the

adult, exactly at the base, but spaced im the young, so as to

ledge the incisives.

Molar teeth 4; in some species a fifth tooth, or little rudi-

mentary point, scarcely visible, between the canine and the first

upper molar (molares superiores 5, anterioribus minutis, LC.)

The total number of teeth very variable with age, so as to

Two Species of Molossus. 69

serve to distinguish some species: the maximum is 82 or 34,

and the minimum 24 or 26.

M. Temminck observes, that notwithstanding these differ-

ences in the teeth, there is no genus of animals, Felis and Pte-

ropus perhaps excepted, more natural than that of Dysopes or

Molossus in his view of it. He then gives the following natu-

ral character as first drawn up by Geoffroy, with some additions

of his own.

‘«‘ They may be easily recognised by their savage physiognomy

and the whole expression of their countenance; their large

head and broad, muzzle had caused them to be compared to a

bulldog, and designated under the name of Molossus; their

head is moreover increased in size by the ears, inelined over,

and almost resting upon the eyes, and appearing more fit to

protect the organ of sight, than to favor the perception of

sound; they originate very near the commissure of the lips,

and after passing behind the auditory opening, they return for-

wards to unite together on the forehead. The greater part of

the Cheiroptera have the tragus of the ear placed in the audi-

tory opening, it forms a sort of second inner ear, which then

receives the name of auricle; the Molossi differ from them by

having this auricle situated forward and outside: it is round

and pretty thick: in fine, the species of this genus may be fur-

ther recognised by their tail, which is long, but with only one

half engaged in the interfemoral membrane. Their tongue is

soft; their muzzle not furnished with bristles; and their nose

has none of those membranes or funnel shaped cavities which

distinguish the Vampyres, the Phyllostomes, &c. The nos-

trils are a little prominent, open in front, and bordered by a

raised edging. All the species have the hinder limbs very

short, the fibula perfect, often as thick as the tibia, and suited

by their divergence to serve for the attachment of the vigorous

muscles of their feet ; their toes nearly all equal, with short and

very crooked nails; all have silky hairs on their toes ; the outer

or inner toe of the hind feet more or less free from the others,

70 Two Species of Molossus.

and in some degree opposable; the thumb of the wing very

short, strong and broad; the upper lips ample, with numerous

folds, the nostrils placed in a muzzle projecting beyond the

lips ; but what,is still more characteristic, is the apparent in-

sufficiency of the flying membranes, entirely disproportioned to

the volume of their large and heavy body; their wings, with

narrow and deeply cut membranes, are so disproportioned in

some species, that one would say that the animal could searcely

make use of them to transport himself to a distance, and that

they merely served as a parachute. Their hind feet are very

short, the tibia and fibula well separated for their whole length,

and of nearly equal thickness; their muscles are vigorous, the

toes armed with hooked nails, and the outer or inner toe free

and entirely separated from the others.”

This description applies with remarkable exactness to both

—

the Cheiroptera now under consideration, and the resemblance

becomes still more obvious when we compare them with the

excellent plates given by ‘’emminck ; where may be found

figured several species of similar dimensions, and otherwise

closely allied to them, which inhabit Brazil and other parts of

South America. From all these they may be readily known,

D. cynocephalus by its crimped ears, and D. fuliginosus by its

long legs and long and robusttail. ‘The former differs moreover

from all the genus in the short stiff bristles about the face, of

which however a few are observed on the D. ehewopus of

India.

What ‘Temminck remarks relative to the insufliciency of

their organs of flight is not applicable to them nor the other

smaller American species. ‘The wings are indeed narrow in.

comparison with the Vespertiliones, but long, and no doubt

capable of a protracted flight.

I regret that I can furnish no particulars of the. habits of

these singular animals, but the attention of our naturalists

being now turned to the subject, it is to be hoped that the most

ample details concerning them will not long be wanting,

“On Two Species of Purcotus inhabiting the United States

Territory. By Wrii~1am Cooper.

Read April 3, 1837.

AutHoueH the species which afford the type of this genus

or group of Cheiroptera, are sufficiently striking in their ap-

pearance, and are common in the populous parts of Europe,

it was not until the publication of the great work on Egypt

that they were first proposed by G. St. Hilaire as distinct from

the ordinary Vespertiliones. 'The only ones then known were

two European, and one from the island of Timor. They are

characterised, besides what is common to them with the other

Bats, by the union of the base of the auricular conchs, which

are always remarkably ample, and sometimes enormous. Our

North American species, as we shall presently find, are further

distinguished by two large fleshy appendages in the form of

crests, situated between the eyes and nostrils.

Mr. Isidore G. St. Hilaire, published in March 1832, a

valuable memoir on this genus, in which he enumerates eight

species from yarious and remote parts of the globe. He sub-

divides them into those with ears of enormous size, (in some

instances as long as the entire body,) and those which are

merely ample. In the first he places four species, of which

three are found in Europe, one being also common to Egypt,

and the fourth brought from the southern hemisphere by Peron.

Of those belonging to the second subdivision one is Kuropean,

one Asiatic, and the two others American, one being from the

island of Porto Rico and the other from Brazil. This last is

much the largest of the known species, and the Vesperttlio

72 Two Species of Plecotus.

(Plecotus) Maugei of Porto Rico, is the only one which can

be suspected of any specific similarity with those we have here

described. But if it be in reality identical with one of ours,

the description at present extant must be both too inaccurate

and too inconiplete to supersede the necessity of a new one.

1. PLEcorus LECONTU.

Prare Ill. Fig. 5. the head.

Plecotus macrotis LC. in App. to Mc Murtrie’s Cuv. 1. p. 431.

Vespertilio Maugei, Desms Mamm. p. 145? Ipem Nou. Dict?

Plecotus Maugei, Is. Georr. Mag. de Zool. 1832?

Longhaired Bat, Penn. Arct. Zool. 1. p. 184. Cuayton in Phil.

Trans.

Description.

Color of the back dusky, terminated with light brown, ap-

pearing somewhat variegated if the hairs be disturbed, fur long,

soft and close. ‘The remaining upper parts are naked, with

the exception of the base of ears behind, and their anterior

lower border, which is fringed with fine soft hairs, and a few

long fine hairs at the toe joints; the membranous parts of a

uniform light brown like the back. The ears are larger than

the head, and half as broad as long, the auricle less than half

the length of the ears, narrow, sublinear, obtuse, and curving

slightly outward. ‘The nose round, set with numerous fine

long hairs, and ‘a very large erect cristiform warty excrescence

on each side between the eyes and the nose.” ‘The under

side of the body clothed with fur, which is very dark dusky

at the base with very light gray tips, which predominate over —

the dusky more and more downward until it becomes between

the legs almost a pure white. ‘Tail slightly projecting beyond

the membrane. :

Two Species of Plecotus. 73

Incisors + canines a molars = -=36.

Totallength - - - - - - - - - - 34 inches.

Ears, (in the dried sp.)- - - - - - - 10 “

PO ae ian a a ot ee eat te a | LZ

Hose Ss eee

Ri sa te ee a e, OS

Spreads sa) (=e Fai ae eS ee 18.0") &

The Vespertilio Maugei of Desmarest, described from a

specimen brought from Porto Rico by Maugé, appears from

his description greatly to resemble this above described. The

discrepancies, which may be owing to his having only a pre-

served specimen, are nevertheless too great to allow us to

admit their identity without great doubts. Major Le Conte

procured it in Georgia, where it appears to be tolerably com-

mon, and Dr. Bachman has also sent it to me from Charleston.

Clayton’s “ Bat with long hair and great ears” appears to

be this species.

The name macrotis I have ventured to supersede, as being

in nowise distinctive of the species, but in reality derived from

a generic character, which in some species is still more devel-

oped than in the present. The ears being therefore rather

small for the genus, this name becomes contradictory ; and no

American naturalist will regret the opportunity thus afforded

of paying a well merited tribute to the discoverer of so many

rare and remarkable animals of this country.

2. PuEecotus TOWNSENDII.

Puate 3. Fig. 6, the head.

Description.

Fur on the back dusky at base, brown at the tips, with a

ferruginous cast, the two tints appearing nearly uniform, and

VOL. IV. 10

74 Two Species of Plecotus.

not strongly contrasted as in the preceding species. The ears

are also fringed with fur in the same manner. Beneath, the

fur is of a reddish cinereous or ochreous hue, lighter towards

the tail, but not in the least whitish. The nose is similar, but

the fleshy crests between the eyes and nostrils appear to be

still larger, and in the preserved specimens are much more

conspicuous. The ears are similar, though every way more

ample in the present, and presenting a different outline imme-

diately after rising from the forehead; the auricle broader and

larger. The wing and tail membranes are entirely naked,

dusky, ofa thicker texture, and much more strongly reticulated

than in the first species.

Incisors ae canines = molars = 86.

Totallength - - - - - - + - - - 3.8 inches.

Phare: jae ie cw mi im ify ilo gin) euinieean) SLL oe

NG oe coe ee be OCS Sieh ee le te ee

Woresrm = - - 2©==-=.=<e+* -~- = Ig *

WUD iAs gael ohn Sek on ees eee. CO Ree

BOION se ee ee ee

Three specimens of this very distinct new species were

brought from the Columbia hiver by Mr. John K. Townsend,

where he procured them on his late journey in company with

Mr. Nuttall. It is very like the ?. Le contii, but they may

be readily known by the color of the under part of the body,

besides which they differ in almost all their details of color

and proportions, the present being a larger and more robust

animal. ‘Together they seem to form a small group in the

genus, characterized by the double fleshy crest of the nose,

which is not mentioned as occurring in any other species.

I regret being obliged to describe these two Bats from dried

specimens, in which state the most characteristic marks, espe-

cially about the head, are often difficult to detect, whatever

pains are taken. I have used in describing the head of the

Two Species of Plecotus. 75

first species, the language of Major Le Conte, from whose

notes I have also copied the dental formula.

Vespertilio megalotis, Raf., Plecotus Rafinesquii, Lesson,

which is described as having the auricle as long as the ears,

cannot be either of our species. I am not acquainted with

any other species within the United States.

Discovery of the Vauquelinite, a rare ore of Chromium, m

the United States. By J. TorReEY.

Read April 27, 1835.

About five years ago some specimens of lead ores were pre-

sented to me for examination by Professor Moore of Columbia

College. They were taken from a mine near the town of

Singsing, in the state of New-York, about one mile south of

the State Prison. The mine had been wrought for silver

nearly as long ago as the period of the American revolution,

and has occasionally been opened since that time. In 1827

a company was formed for the purpose of working it, under

the impression that it contained a rich vein of silver. In

Cleaveland’s mineralogy (ed. 2, p. 536) native silver is said

(on the authority of Col. Gibbs) to occur at Singsing, in a

very small vein. Mr. F. Cozzens obtained a specimen of the

native metal in that locality in the year 1825. The company

just alluded to, had the old shaft cleared out, and also made, I

believe, a horizontal opening communicating with the shaft,

from the side of the hill. A few barrels of ore were taken up,

and the enterprize abandoned. The specimens that I exam-

ined consisted of common galena, associated with copper

pyrites, crystallised carbonate of lead, malachite, and an

ochery looking substance. The carbonate of lead was mostly in

small prismatic crystals which had become blackened through-

out, probably by the sulphuretted hydrogen disengaged from

the decomposing pyrites, but they still retained their high ada-

mantine lustre. Most of the lumps of ore, contained much of

the ochery substance, which I found consisted of clay, oxide

Discovery of the Vauquelinite. 77

of iron, and oxide of lead. The malachite was seldom in

large pieces, but was occasionally well characterized. Mr.

F. Cozzens found at the mine some fine specimens of green

phosphate of lead. .

On carefully examining the specimens given to me by Pro-

fessor Moore, I observed a green, and a brownish-green sub-

stance, in small mammillary concretions, and also in a granular

and subpulverulent form. The mammillary portions were from

one to four lines in diameter. When broken they exhibited a

radiating structure, and a resinous lustre. They were brittle,

and yielded a greenish yellow powder. Before the blowpipe

this substance grows darker and decrepitates, but preserves its

green color. With borax it forms a fine green bead. Its

powder boiled, with a solution of potassa, is decomposed,

and the product yields a golden yellow solution. When ace-

tate of lead is added to this solution, a copious yellow preci-

pitate falls, having exactly the appearance of chrome-yellow.

Nitrate of silver produced a crimson precipitate, and nitrate of

mercury, a deep red. Some of the yellow alcaline solution,

when concentrated by evaporation, yielded crystals agreeing in

character with those of chromate of potassa. A few grains of

the powdered mineral were mixed with fused chloride of sodi-

um and placed in a tube-retort; on the addition of concentrated

sulphuric acid, dense red vapours of peroxide of chromium

were disengaged, part of which condensed into a liquid, resem-

bling in all respects the liquid called chloro-chromic acid,

by Dr. Thomson. ‘The existence of chromic acid being now

rendered certain, it only remained to determine the base or

bases. A very few experiments showed that the acid was in

combination with oxide of lead, and oxide of copper. Hence

the mineral is a chromate of lead and copper, and is identical

with the Vauquelinite of Berzelius, the cupreous chromate of

lead of Cleaveland, and plomb chromé of Brongniart, (his

plomb chromaté being the red chromate of lead.) The min-

eral was first examined by Vauquelin, and noticed by him in

78 Discovery of the Vauquelinite.

his analysis of the red lead ore of Siberia,* (the ore in which

chromium was discovered by that celebrated chemist) ; but he

does not appear to have regarded it as a distinct species.

Cleaveland places it as a swb-species, after the chromate of lead.

It was first, I believe, raised to the rank of a species by

Leonard, and adopted by Berzelius, who notices it in his essay

on the blowpipe, under the name of Vauquelinite. Most of the

modern writers on mineralogy, consider it as distinct, both in

chemical and physical characters from the red ore of chrome.

In the system of Mohs, Vauquelinite is still placed in the ap-

pendix which contains the proposed species, or such as are not

yet fully established. It must occupy this place in any system

based on physical characters alone, until its crystalline form

can be clearly determined; and unfortunately it has hitherto

only been found, either massive, or in crystals so microscopic,

that they cannot be submitted to the goniometer.t

The Vauquelinite is one of the rarest minerals known. Not-

withstanding it is nearly forty years since it was discovered,

there is but one undoubted locality of it recorded: this is the

* This mineral is not a dichromate as stated by Turner, (ed. 5. p. 570,) but

a compound identical with the ordinary artificial chrome yellow. It is only red

in a crystalline state, and becomes yellow when reduced to powder, like the red

chromate of potassa, and some other red crystalline matters. When it was more

abundant it was used as a yellow, not as a red pigment. There is, however,

frequently occurring with the red lead ore, a distinct species, lately determined

by Hermann, and called by him Melanochroite. It is crystallized, and its pow-

der is of ared colour. Dr. Thomson (Outlines of Mineralogy, dc. 1. p, 561)

regards it as a Subsesquichromate of Lead.

t Dr. Thomson (1. ¢. p, 576) says that the Vauquelinite is a compound of two

atoms of chromate of lead, and one atom of oxide of copper; but Berzelius

(Trait, 4. p. 355) calls it chromate plumbico-cuivrique sesquibasique, and his

view of its composition is probably correct. The results obtained by the analy-

sis of Berzelius were

Chromic acid - - + - 28.38,

Protoxide of Lead - - 60.87,

Oxide of Copper - - + 10.80,

¢ Perhaps even these minute crystals are merely phosphate of lead. See

Phillip’s Mineralogy, p. 350.

Discovery of the Vauquelinite. 79

gold mine of Berezof, near Catharineberg in Siberia, where it

accompanies the red lead ore. The green mineral found with

the red chromate near Cocees in Brazil, may be the Vauque-

linite.

My motive for so long postponing an announcement of the

discovery of this mineral in the United States, was merely a

wish to make, first, a careful analysis of it; but I have been

unable to do this, from the difficulty of obtaining a sufficient

quantity of it for my experiments. After the mine was found

not to be productive, the shaft was allowed to fall into ruin,

and to become full of water, so that it is impossible to open

the mine again without incurring considerable expense. I

visited the place last year, for the purpose of exploring among

the rubbish about the mouth of the mine, but I found only a

‘few very poor specimens of the ore. A quantity of it was

brought to this city some years since, but I have not been able

to ascertain what became of it. As it may be several years

before a new supply of the mineral can be obtained, I am in-

duced to offer this imperfect notice to the Lyceum, hoping

that it may induce some of our zealous mineralogists to visit

the locality and clear out the shaft. I ought to state in con-

clusion, that I have examined the splendid suite of Berezof

specimens in the valuable cabinet of our associate Mr. Cramer,

and I found his specimens of Vauquelinite to agree in every

respect with the Singsing mineral.

80 New Genera and Species of

An Account of several new Genera and Species of NorvH

AMERICAN PuLants. By J. TORREY.

MacranTHERA Leconti, Plate 4.

Segments of the calyx entire, linear-lanceolate, scarcely one-

third the length of the corolla.

Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, from two to three feet high,

simple, somewhat pubescent, obtusely quadrangular. Leaves nearly

smooth on both sides; lower ones ovate-lanceolate, opposite, petiolate,

pinnatifidly lobed, with the segments entire or toothed; the upper ones

oval, coarsely toothed; those at the base of the peduncles quite entire.

Flowers, in a terminal raceme, erect. Peduncles about an inch long, de-

clined at the base, and curved upward towards the summit. Calyx sub-

campanulate, deeply cleft; segments nearly equal, linear-lanceolate,

from one-fourth to one-third the length of the corolla, acute. Corolla

deep yellow, an inch long and 2—3 lines in diameter, somewhat cylin-

drical and incurved, of a thick and pretty firm texture ; border 5-toothed ;

the segments ovate-oblong, spreading. Stamens nearly equal, at first

included, but at length much exserted, scarcely declined; filaments

woolly, rather thick; anthers about 3 lines long, linear, sagittate at

the base, somewhat cohering, woolly. Ovary ovate, acute, 2-celled,

many-seeded, Style very long and slender. Stigma simple, very mi-

nute. Capsule short, ovate, acuminate.

lias. In dry pine woods on the Alatamaha, in Liberty

County, Georgia. Major Le Conte! In bogs, Middle Florida,

Dr. Chapman! Flowers in September.

Oxs. This plant was discovered about seven years ago by

Major Le Conte, from whom I received specimens marked,

“A new genus, allied to Gerardia.” I proposed for it the

name Macranthera, but refrained from publishing it, in the ex-

pectation that the discoverer himself would describe it, which

however, he declined doing, kindly permitting me the favour

of making known to botanists this interesting addition to our

Flora.

North American Plants. 81

A second species of the genus was shortly after received in a:

collection of plants gathered by Dr. Gates in Alabama, speci-

mens of which were distributed by me under the generic name

of Macranthera ; but before I was prepared to publish my ac-

count of the new genus, it was described by Mr. Nuttall in the

Journal of the Academy of Philadelphia,* under the name of

Conradia fuschioides, that learned botanist not being aware that

a genus belonging to the order Gesneriacee,+ had already

been called Conradia by Martius, and hence Mr. Bentham,

in his revision of the genera of Scrophularinez,{ has adopted

my nanie, which he found in Dr. Lindley’s herbarium, but,

by mistake, quotes it as Mr. Nuttall’s. In the recent Synop-

sis of the Gerardiex, published in the Companion to the Bo-

tanical Magazine, edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, this error is

corrected.

Macranthera belongs to the tribé Gerardiez of Bentham,

in the order Scrophularinee, and differs from Gerardia in its

deeply parted calyx, tubular corolla with a small spreading

border, and in the much exserted stamens. In the elongated

stamens it resembles Esterhazya,|| but in that genus the calyx

is only 5-toothed, and the corolla tubular-campanulate: the

habit also is very different. Like nearly all the plants of the

tribe Gerardiez, both species of Macranthera turn black in

drying. Mr. Bentham was only acquainted with M. /uschi-

oides, in which the segments of the calyx are longer than the

tube of the corolla, a character which he has introduced into

his definition of the genus; but in M. Lecontii the calyx is

scarcely one-third the length of the corolla; so that the generic

character must be somewhat modified.

* Vol. vii. p. 88, t. ii. and xii.

+ Nova gen. et. sp. &c., a work which had not reached this country at the

date of Mr. Nuttail’s publication.

t Published in the Botanical Register for June, 1835.

|| Esterhazya of Mikan., and Benth. in Hook. comp. bot. mag. p. 203; Virgu-

laria, Martius Nov. gen. et. sp. 3, p....; Gerardia § Dargeria, Cham. and

Schlecht. (not of Benth.)

VOL. Iv. PP

82 New Genera and Species of

AMPHIANTHUS.

Catyx 5-parted, and unequal. Corotxa tubular-infundi-

buliform; limb somewhat bilabiate, 4-lobed; inferior lobe

somewhat larger. SrameEns 2, superior, included ; inferior

enes wanting. Srye simple; stigma minutely bifid. Capr-

SULE obcordate, compressed, 2-valved, opening at the sum-

mit; valves entire. SeEps numerous, naked, anatropous.—

Herbaceous, minute, annual, throwing up filiform scapes; ra-

dical leaves linear, sessile ; flowers solitary, both radical, and

at the summit of the scapes.——Nat. Ord. ScRopPHULARINE2.

AMPHIANTHUS PUSILLUS.

Root annual; fibrous, the fibres compressed, linear. Stem very short,

compressed, bearing a tuft of oblong-linear leaves at itssummit. Leaves

about 2 lines long, rather obtuse, entire, veinless, somewhat succulent-

Scapes filiform and very slender, and 1—1} inch in length, compressed,

bearing a single pair of opposite oval bracts at the top. Bracts nearly

sessile, obtuse, somewhat succulent, obscurely 3-nerved. Flowers very

minute; radical ones 2—3 on each plant, attached to short recurved

peduncles, which originate from the tuft of leaves; terminal ones soli-

tary, nearly sessile between the bractez (i. e. without any proper pe-

dicel). Calyx 5-parted; the divisions oblong, erect, very obtuse, dotted

with a number of minute glands. Corolla scarcely a line in length,

white, straight, tapering downward; limb somewhat dilated, slightly

bilabiate, 4-lobed; the lobes erect, rounded, and somewhat emarginate ;

the inferior one larger. Stamens constantly 2, superior, scarcely half as

Jong as the corolla; filaments slender, adnate the lower two-thirds of

their length, smooth; cells of the anthers approximated, subglobose.

Ovary ovate, acute, compressed, surrounded at the base with a minfite

red disk, 2-celled, many-seeded; style rather larger than the ovary, subu-

late; stigma minute, bifid at the summit. Capsule broadly obcordate,.

compressed, opening along the edge at the summit; valves entire, con-

vex ; dissepiment adhering to the valves. Seeds 10—15 in each cell,.

linear-oblong, fuscous, straight ; embryo straight ; cotyledons oblong, dis-

linet ; radicle oblong.

Has.—lIn small excavations on flat rocks, where the soil is

wet during the flowering season; Newton County, Georgia.

Flowers in March and April. Dr. M. C. Leavenworth !

North American Plants. 83

Ozs.—Specimens of this minute plant were sent to me in

the autumn of 1836, by the discoverer, and also byDr. Boykin,

of Milledgeville, Georgia, who received them from Dr. Lea-

venworth. It has hitherto been found only in one spot, where

it occupies a space of four or five feet in diameter, to the ex-

clusion of almost all other plants. It resembles, at first sight,

a Callitriche; and when overflowed, the slender scapes,

doubtless become natant. The plant belongs to the order

Scrophularinez, and is nearly allied to Veronica. Its characters

and habit are, however, so peculiar, that there can be little

doubt of its constituting a new genus. From Veronica it differs

in its tubular-infundibuliform, 5-lobed, and somewhat bilabiate

corolla. The most remarkable charcter of the plant, is its two-

fold inflorescence ; part of the flowers being produced near the

root, on short naked pedicels which originate among the radical]

leaves, while others are supported on long capillary bibrac-

teate scapes. ‘I'he flowers in both situations are perfect ;

not like those of Amphicarpzea, some species of Polygala,

and many Viole, of which those produced near the root are

incomplete. In Milium amphicarpon Pursh, (of which Kunth

has made a distinct genus) the subterranean flowers, as in the

Amphianthus, are perfect, like those of the panicle.

Tn describing the seeds I have used the term anatropous in

the sense in which it is employed by Mirbel, and as explain-

ed by Dr. Gray in his excellent Elements of Botany.

EMPETRUM CoNRADU.

Branches smooth ; leaves subverticillate and alternate, nar-

row-linear, when young glandularly hispidulous, in the adult

state smooth; flowers aggregated in small capituli, terminal

and axillary; scales of the perianth 5—6, obovate-oblong,

smoothish ; stamens 3—4; style 3—4-parted; ovary 3—4-

celled.

84 New Genera and Species of

Sempervirent, procumbent, and much branched, spreading in a cir-

cular manner; the branches subverticillate and fasciculate, ascending at

the extremity, invested with a loose gray cuticle, which separates and

exposes a reddish bark. Leaves coriaceous, about five lines long, and

scarcely half an inch in breadth, slightly pointed at the tip, crowded,

particularly towards the summit of the branches, mostly somewhat ver-

ticillate, but ofien opposite, and sometimes alternate ; the upper surface

bright green, under a lens, (particularly in the young leaves) appearing

covered with minute short glandular hairs, when old nearly smooth;

the true margin remarkably revolute ; the edges nearly meeting on the

under side; apparent margin minutely denticulate; petiole very short

but distinct, articulated to the branches. Mae Fiowers sessile in the

axils of the leaves at the summit of the last year’s branches. Perianth

composed of 5 or 6 oblong, or obovate-oblong, smoothish scales, the inner

ones scarcely petaloid, forming an oval bud, from the apex of which the

stamens protrude. Stamens mostly 3, sometimes 4; filaments 2 lines

long, slender, smooth, inserted into a minute receptacle; anthers

roundish, two-celled, opening longitudinally on the outside, no rudiment

of an ovary.—Fertite FLowers inconspicuous, collected in very

small heads at the summit of the branches. Each head composed of

10 to 12 flowers, surrounded with a number of short brownish concave

bracts. Scales of the perianth about 5, obovate, obtuse; the inner ones

smaller, tinged rose-color, nearly smooth. Ovary obovate, 3—4-celled ;

each cell containing a single ovule; style three times as long as the

ovary, purplish red, cleft below the middle; the divisions somewhat

spreading.

Haz.—Sandy fields in pine barrens near Cedar Bridge,

Monmouth County, New Jersey! Also near Pemberton Mills,

about ten miles from Burlington, in the same state, S. W.

Conrad, Esq.!

Oxzs.—This very interesting addition to the botany of the

United States, was first discovered by the late Solomon W.

Conrad, Esq. Professor of Botany in the University of Penn-

sylvania, a short time before his death, but the infirm staté of

his health did not permit him to examine the plant. My friend.

Dr. Pickering, of Philadelphia, supplied me with some of

Mr. Conrad’s specimens, on which were a few male flowers,

and afterwards the same plant without fructification, was

North American Plants. Sd

communicated to me by Mr. Rafinesque. A careful examina-

tion of the scanty materials placed in my hands, soon con-

vinced me that this little evergreen belonged to the order Em-

PETREZ Of Nuttall, and that it was a new species of Empetrum

itself, or possibly of Ceratiola; but the want of more perfect

specimens, and especially of the fertile flowers, prevented my

determining the genus with certainty until the present spring.

About two years ago I made a visit to the locality at Cedar

Bridge, pointed out to me by Mr. Rafinesque, for the pur-

pose of obtaining the fruit. A large patch of it was found

about one hundred yards south of the western tavern, near

the roadside, and, on further search, a considerable quantity

was discovered about four hundred yards south-east of the

same tavern, in an open sandy space ; but I was unsuccessful

in my search for the fructification. It is a true evergreen,

growing prostrate in the pare white sand of that singular re-

gion, and forming dense circular mats, a yard or two in dia-

meter. The following year I procured a supply of the living

plants, which, under the care of my friend A. J. Downing,

Esq. of Newburgh, have lately produced abundance of pistillate

blossoms, but, for want of the staminate flowers, they will prove

abortive. The genus Empetrum belongs to the small natural

order Empetreee, which was first indicated by Mr. Nuttall in

his Genera of North American Plants, (published in 1818)

and characterized more fully by Mr. D. Don inthe Edinburgh

New Philosophical Magazine (1826). Hooker, in the Bo-

" -tanical Magazine, (fol. 2758) has made some valuable remarks

on the order, under the genus Ceratiola of Michaux. The

only genera referred to it are. Empetrum, Corema, and Cera-

tiola, the whole including but five species, which are confined

to Europe and Extratropical America. Bartling (Ord. Nat.

p- 372) appears to have drawn the character of the order from

Empetrum nigrum, since it accords very well with that plant, but

does not agree in every respect with Ceratiola ; for he states the

number of the stamens to be three; and both this author and

86 New Genera and Species of — *

Dr. Lindley describe the fruit as from 3 to 9-celled, whereas

Ceratiola has but two stamens, and a 2-celled, 2-seeded berry.

In that genus, however, the ovary is perhaps many-celled in its

young state, or rather is composed of many carpels, all of which

are abortive except two, for the short style is divided into nu-

merous stigmas, the number of which probably corresponds with

that of the cells or carpels. In Corema the fruit is 3-celled.

Jussieu referred to Ericem the only genus of this order

known to him, but without being satisfied with its station. Nut-

tall correctly remarks that Empetree resemble Ericez only in

their leaves, though I cannot agree with my learned friend in

regarding them as closely allied to Coniferee. Mr. Don, (with

whom Lindley seems now to agree) thinks the order holds an

intermediate place between Euphorbiacez and Celastrinex.

The new species here described has a strong resemblance

to the E. album a native of Portugal, which D. Don, on ac-

count of its 3-celled fruit, has separated from the other species of

the genus, under the name of Corema.*. It has much the habit

of E. rubrum, Willd.+ a native of the southern extremity of

South America. It differs, however, in its much narrower

leaves, which are not woolly on the margin, but merely fringed

with short glandular hairs, and in its nearly,smooth branches.

The scales of the flower also are fewer in number, and of uni-

form texture and appearance.

All the individuals of this species that I saw at Cedar

Bridge were probably pistillate, but I could discover none of

the fruit, either on the plants or in the sand about them. It

may seem remarkable that an evergreen shrub should so long

have escaped detection, in a region which has been so much

explored by botanists as the sandy district of New Jersey; but

many of the plants of those pine barrens are extremely local,

and there are still large tracts of the country south of ‘Toms

* Edinb. New Phil. Mag. |. c. ¢

t A very good figure of this species is givenin the Botanical Register for

August 1836, t. 1783.

North American Plants. 87

River, that have not yetbeen examined. Indeed, almost every

year some additions are made to the Flora of New Jersey, by

the discovery of new and rare plants, chiefly from Monmouth,

Gloucester, and Burlington counties. It is not improbable that

in some of the unexplored parts of the pine barrens other lo-

calities of our Empetrum will be found, with the ripe fruit,

which is still a desideratum in its history.

Tn an abstract of the botanical discoveries of De la Pylaie in

Newfoundland, published in the Transactions of the Linnzean

Society of Paris, this zealous botanist (who never lived to com-

plete his Flora of that large island) enumerates the Empetrum

rubrum. Can this be identical with the South American spe-

cies, or is it our E. Conradii? The Schizea pusilla of Pursh

affords a remarkable example of a plant growing in two places

widely separated in latitude, and only in one intermediate spot.

Gaudichaud found it in the Falkland Islands, and De la Pylaie

in Newfoundland, while between these two points it has only

been detected in the pine-barrens of New-Jersey.*

LEAVENWORTHIA.+

Cayx somewhat erect, equal at the base. Prrans equal,

cuneiform, truncate or emarginate. FILAMENTS distinct,

toothless. Sriique sessile, oblong-linear, compressed, some~

what inflated and torulese ; valves indistinctly nerved. Sryte

distinct, or almost wanting. Sri@ma minutely bidentate.

SEEDs ina single series, flattened, with a broad winged margin.

Funicuuus free. Empryo nearly straight, or with the radicle

* See Ann. Lyc. vol. ii. p. 266.

t In honor of Dr. M. C. Leavenworth, of the United States army, an indefati-

gable botanist, who has largely contributed to our knowledge of the plants of

Arkansas, Louisiana, and Florida.

t Adhesion of the funiculis to the septum is not a frequent character in Cru-

cifere. De Candolle remarks, that it occurs only in Petrocallis and Lunaria. I¢

has since been noticed in Pterolobium, Andrz. and Coringia, Heist.

88 New Genera and Species of

somewhat bent on the cotyledons: the radicle very short, co

nical, pointing obliquely upwards towards the hilum. Co-

TYLEDONS orbicular. DissepiMeNtT 1-nerved, minutely reticu-

lated; the areole transversely linear-oblong——Herbaceous,

annual ; Jeaves lyrately pinnatifid ; flowers on long subradical

peduncles, or in loose racemes, yellow.—Nat. Ord. Cruct-

PER.

LEAVENWoRTHIA AUREA, Plate 5.

Style distinct ; embryo nearly straight.

Root straight, simple, descending. Plant 2—6 inches high. Stem at first

short and simple, but at length branching from the base; the branches

assurgent, smooth. Leaves mostly radical, about 2 inches long, (including

the petioles) pinnatifid ; rather thick; segments 2—4 parts, roundish-ob-

long, with a few obtuse teeth ; terminal one much the largest, somewhat

orbicular. Racemes 4—10-flowered. lowers in the young plant, so-

litary, on long erect naked peduncles; in advanced specimens racemose

on the short assurgent branches. Pedicels without bracts, au inch or

more in length, filiform, spreading and curved upward. Calyx imbri-

cate in wstivation*, rather loose; sepals oblong, obtuse, tinged with

purple. Petals yellow, tapering to a long cuneate base; the limb

truncate and somewhat emarginate. Stamens distinct; filaments

slender; anthers oblong. Ovarium sessile, oblong; style short but dis-

tinct, straight; stigma minute, somewhat 2-toothed. Silique rather

more than an inch long, and nearly 2 lines in breadth, slightly torulose,

rather convex, obscurely nerved. Dissepiment very thin and transpa-

rent, separable into two lamina, with a waved central line, or raphe,

ranning from the summit to the base; under a strong lens exhibiting

anastamosing veins or tubes, the interstices of which are more or less

linear, and transverse, or at right angles to the longitudinal nerve. Seeds

* A valvate mstivation of the sepals is very rare in Cruciferw. It was first

noticed by R. Brown (Obs, on Plants collected by Oudney, &e p. 7.) in Savig-

nia and Ricotia, and Meyer has since detected it in Coringia, Heist. (pl. of Cau-

casus, p. 191.) > :

t R. Brown, who first introduced the structure of the dissepiment into cha-

racters of the genera of Cruciferm, says, he expects with much confidence that it

will present great uniformity in strictly natural genera. He states, that “ in

many cases, though certainly not in all, he found a resemblance in this respect in

more extensive groups.’ I have examined many Crucifers, chiefly North Ame~_

North American Plants. 89

usually 5, much compressed, suspended on short rigid funiculi, ap-

proximated so that their broad membranaceous margins somewhat over-

lap. Hmbryo nearly straight from the earliest to the most mature state.

The radicle points upward, at first inclined a little from the hilum, but

gradually approximating towards it. Cotyledons plano-convex.

Has.—Wet places on the prairies in the vicinity of Fort

Towson, Arkansas; also in Texas, and in Jefferson County,

Alabama; Dr. W. C. Leavenworth !

LEAVENWORTHIA MICHAUXII.

Style almost wanting; radicle oblique.

Cardamine uniflora, Michx./ fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 29; Pursh, fl. 2, p.

439, D. C./ syst. 2, p. 251.

Has.—On rocks about Knoxville, Tennessee, Michaux !

v. s in herb. Mus, Paris. On wet rocks, Kentucky; very

rare, Dr. Short /

Oxss.—This species is extremely like Z. aurea, but ap-

pears to be distinct. In habit, and in the form and size of

rican species, without, however, finding this character at all uniform, In Sisym-

brium Sophia and S. sophioides, the dissepiment is marked with two very strong

neryes, extending from the base to the apex, and the tubuli are reticulated; the

areolx oblong and longitudinal. In S. obtusangulum and S. Columne the tubuli

form distinct waved descending lines. In S. officinale the dissepiment is opake

and nerveless; the tubuli very minute, indistinct and descending. In S. ca-

nescens, Nutt. (which seems to be identical with Hrysimum pinnatum, Walt.

Cardamine Menziesii, D. C. and S. brachycarpum, Richards.) the tubuli are irre-

gular, but a large proportion of the areole are linear and transverse, and the dis-

sepiment is l-nerved. The funiculi are also adnate. Sisymbrium Thaliana

has no midnerve to the dissepiment, and the tubuli are reticulated, forming

oblong longitudinal areole.

The tubuli in Arabis ambigua, D. C. and A. pendula, Linn. are descending,

forming tortuous parallel lines; but in A. Zurrita they are irregularly reti-

culated, and the areola amorphous. In A. Canadensis they are exceedingly

contorted and irregularly reticulated. Notwithstanding this variety in the

structure of the dissepiment, it is very constant in the same species, and the

characters derived from it are doubtless often of generic importance.

VOL. IV. 12

90 New Genera and Species of

the leaves and flowers, the resemblance is striking. The style,

however, is very evident in the latter, but is almost wanting in

LI. Michauexii. The difference in the direction of the radicle

seems also to be constant. From the appearance of the dried

specimens, I am of opinion that the flowers in the second

species are pale yellow. Michaux states that the peduncles are

solitary and one-flowered ; but [ observed his specimens to be

caulescent, the short assurgent stems bearing elongated one-

flowered peduncles, as in the southern species.

For my first knowledge of the Z. awrea I am indebted to

my friend Dr. Short of Kentucky, who shared with me the

specimens he received from Dr, Leavenworth, its discoverer.

Subsequently I received some excellent specimens from Dr.

L. himself. Its general appearance is that of a Cardamine,

and I supposed it might be a species of that genus, but on ex-

amining the seed I was surprised to find the embryo almost

perfectly straight, so that the plant could not be referred to

either of De Candolle’s great suborders of Cruciferze, the coty-

Jedons being accumbent in PLEURORHIZ&, and incumbent in

NororuH1z&. Indeed it is the only species belonging to this

family, with which I am acquainted, in which the embryo

(except in the earliest state) is straight.*

After I had completed my description of this plant, I re-

ceived from Dr. Short a good specimen of Cardamine uni-

jlora, a species which I had seen in Michaux’s herbarium,

and which I was very desirous of examining again, and com-

paring with the Leavenworthia. It proved to be a second

species of the genus, readily distinguishable by the almost

entire absence of the style.

Respecting the value of characters derived from the embryo

as the basis of classification in this large order, some of the

most distinguished modern botanists differ in opinion. Schkuhr

and Geertner were well acquainted with the principal diversi-

ties of structure which the embryo in Crucifere exhibits.

* As in the Rectembrie among Leguminose.

North American Plants. 91

With the latter botanist originated the terms accwmbent and

incumbent now so generally employed, although neither he nor

Schkuhr used these characters in classifying the Cruciferze. The

form and direction of the Cotyledons were first introduced into

the generic characters by R. Brown, in the second edition of

the Hortus Kewensis, (vol. iv. 1812) but not extensively, as

this was not a suitable work in which to develope his views.

De Candolle, in his Systema (1821), and in his Mémoire sur

les Cruciféres (1821), as well as in his Prodromus, (vol. i

1824), adopted Brown’s idea of the importance of the embryo

in this family, and made it the basis of his classification, but

carried it further, perhaps, than the great English botanist in-

tended. It must be confessed that there are a few instances. in

which the modifications of the embryo are not even of generic

importance, as in /utchinsia alpina and petra, noticed by

Brown, the cotyledons being accumbent in one species and in-

cumbent in the other. In Lepidium Virginicum, as shown in

Schkuhr’s figure, (Aundb.* 2, t. 180,)and in Hooker’s Flora

Boreali-Americana, the cotyledons are accumbent, while in the

rest of the genus they are incumbent. Capsella Bursa pastoris,

which has incumbent cotyledons, is now generally admitted to

be distinct from Thlaspi. In Cakile, as the genus is limited by

De Candolle, there are species in which the cotyledons are

not accumbent. In the figure of C. eqgualis, as given by De-

lessert in his Icones Selectze,t (the drawings of which were exe-

cuted by Turpin,) the cotyledons are represented as trnewmbent,

a circumstance which appears to have escaped the notice of

De Candolle, although he quotes the figure in his Prodro-

mus.{ In C. maritima, C. A. Meyer§ states that he found the

seed in the lower cell of the silique, having the radicle oblique

or tangent to the limb of the coty ledon, while in the upper cell

* There called L. Lberis, but not the plant of Tinnesus, thas named,

¢ 2, t. 57.

$1, p. 186.

§ Enum. pl. Caue. p. 186. (1831.)

92 The Genera and Species of

the cotyledons were incumbent. I have carefully examined our

common species of this genus, which is generally regarded as

hardly a variety of C. maritima, but I find the cotyledons con-

stantly accumbent. Once, indeed, I saw the lower seed with

incumbent cotyledons, while in the upper they were in the or-

dinary state. In another instance they were incumbent in the

inferior seed, and spirally twisted on the axis of the silicle in

the inferior. In our common Aradis lyrata* the cotyledons

are obliquely incumbent, the radicle lying close by the edge.

De Candolle states in his Mém. sur les Crucif., that of 970

species of this family, described in his Systema, he had dissected

the fruits and seeds of more than 700, and yet he noticed

scarcely any anomalies. He, however, overlooked the in-

cumbent cotyledons of Arabis Thaliana, Linn., which Sir W.

Hooker, following Gay,t has very properly removed to

Sisymbrium, as the radicle is truly dorsal.

Some valuable observations on the embryo of Cruciferg, by

MM. Monard and Gay, are recorded in the seventh volume

of the Annales des Sciences Naturelles.t They give an account

of seventeen species which deviate from the character of the

suborder to which they were referred in the Systema. Some of

these were corrected by De Candolle himself in the Prodro-

mus, while others were merely placed in wrong genera.

About half the plants noticed by these botanists are examples

of accumbent and incumbent species existing in the same genus,

Dr. Brown (in 17. of Oudney, p. 6,) thinks that in dividing

Cruciferee into natural sections, we are not to expect absolute

uniformity in the state of the cotyledons; at least in the accum-

bent and flatly incumbent states. This learned botanist does

not, however, inform us to what extent he is at present disposed

* The tubuli of the dissepiment in this species are like those of A. Canadensis.

+ Ann. Sc. Nat. 1, p. 399.

} Observations sur quelques Cruciféres décrites par M. De Candolle dans le

second volume de son Syst. Nat. Reg. Veg.—Par I. P. Monard, avee des notes

de M. Gay, Ann, des Sc, Nat. 1, pp. 389-419, (1826.)

North American Plants. 93

to employ characters derived from Cotyledons, in subdividing

this great natural family.

I have remarked that the genus Leavenworthia can hardly

be referred, with certainty, to either of De Candolle’s

grand divisions of the Cruciferee. In the mature seed the

radicle is only about one-fourth the length of the cotyledons,

very slightly curved, or bent a little to one side, thus showing

a tendency to become accumbent. This is its form at the

earliest appearance of the embryo.* It is always directed up-

ward (or towards the style, as the seed lies in the pod); at

first turned a little from the umbilicus towards the opposite

side of the replum, but gradually becoming erect, or even

inclining towards the hilum, as the seed becomes more com-

pletely campulitropous. :

It remains for me to notice the affinities of this new genus.

Disregarding the peculiarity of the embryo, the only tribe of

PLEURORHIZ&, with which it can be compared, is Arabidee ;

and among NoToruiz4, it has but little resemblance to any,

except to a small section (Arabidopsis) of the genus Sisym-

brium, all of which have white flowers.

In the form of the silique, and in the margined seeds, it ap-

proaches some species of Arabis; but the valves are not nerved,

and the flowers are yellow. Its resemblance to the species of

Cardamine with pinnated leaves, particularly to C. Ludovi-

ciana,t (which deviates from the character of the genus in its

* The embryo of Crucifers, when first visible, is always straight, lying with its

radicle pointing to the foramen on one side of the campulitropous seed: viz.

that which would be the superior portion of it were the seed straight, with

the cotyledons directed to the curved part, or apparent summit. As the embryo

grows, it curves round, so that the cotyledons fold upon the radicle, and are thus

directed to the hilum, which, in seeds of this kind, is always next the foramen.

The gradual curvature of the embryo in Crucifers is clearly exhibited in plate

42, fig. 3 of Brongniart’s admirable Mémoire sur la Generation et le Developpe-

ment de’ Embryon dans les Veg. Phan. Ann. des Se. Nat. tom. 12. I have ob-

served the same changes in Arabis Turrita and A. ambigua.

+ C. glauca Spreng. (Deless. ic. 2, t. 31.) also has margined seeds.

94 New Genera and Species of, ke.

broad silique, margined, and even winged seeds) is consider-

able, but it differs widely in the shape and color of the petals,

the structure of the dissepiment, and in many other respects. In

the broad silique and dissepiment (compared with any of the

Arabidez) it seems allied to some Alyssinew, especially if we

retain in that tribe the remarkable Selenia of Nuttall, which

resembles our plant in the transverse areolx of the dissepi-

ment, pinnatitid leaves, and yellow flowers. In that genus,

however, the fruit is broader, the style longer, and the seeds

are truly accumbent, although the radicle is unusually short,

and is directed horizontally with respect to the axis of the

fruit. Upon the whole I consider it more nearly related to

Selenia than to any other knawn genus.

Description of the Plate of Leavenworthia.

Fig. 1. A young plant of Z. aurea, of the natural size.

2. A full grown plant of the same.

3. A flower magnified.

4. A petal do,

5. The silique laid open to show the arrangement of

the seeds.

The replum and dissepiment, exhibiting the longi-

tudinal nerve, and the funiculi.

7. The embryo.

8. A transverse section of the same.

9. Pistil of LZ. Michaucii.

10. Silique of the same.

11. Embryo.

OBSERVATIONS on the genus SARRACENIA ; with an Account

of a New Species. By H. B. Croom. (Corresponding

Member.) |

feead September 5th, 1836.

HAVING enjoyed very favourable opportunities of observing

the genus Sarracenia, and having examined all the known

species in their native situations, I have been induced, while

preparing a notice of an undescribed species, to extend my re-

marks so as to include a cursory account of the whole of this

curious genus. On account of their singular structure these

plants have always been objects of more than common interest ;

and the fact that they are exclusively North American, gives

them an additional claim to the notice of our own botanists.

The genus Sarracenia,* was named by Tournefort, in

honour of Dr. Sarrasin, a French physician of considerable

eminence, who resided at Quebec,in the latter part of the seven-

teenth and in the beginning of the eighteenth century, and by

whom, probably, the earliest known species was sent to Kurope.

Dr. Sarrasin was a correspondent of Tournefort, and also of -

the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, and appears to

have been a man of extensive acquirements, both in medicine

and natural history. Charlevoix, in his travels, referring to

the paper on the beaver, in the Memoirs of the Royal Aca-

demy, (An. 1704, p. 48) says—‘‘On y a inséré une descrip-

tion anatomique du Castor, faite par M. Sarrasin, correspondant

de l Académie, Médecin du Roi dans ce pays, habile dans la

médecine, dans l’anatomie, dans la chirurgie, et dans la bota-

nique ; quia l’esprit fort orné, et qui nese distingue pas moins

dans la conseil supérieure, dont il est membre, que par son

* Or, as it should have been written, Sarrasinia.

96 Observations on the genus Sarracenia ;

habilité dans tout qui est de sa profession. On est veritable-

ment surpris de trouver une homme d’un merite si universel

dans une colonie.””*

Kalm+ also makes honorable mention of Dr. Sarrasin, and

informs us that he died at Quebec of a malignant fever, ‘con-

tracted at the hospital where he visited the sick.

The genus Sarracenia was, it appears, originallyestablished on

S. purpurea, the only species that extends as far north as Ca-

nada, and was placed in Polyandria Monogynia of the Linnzean

artificial system. In the natural method it was somewhat doubt-

fully referred to Papaveracee, by Jussieu; but was afterwards

raised to the rank of an independent order by De La Pylaie,t

under the name of Sarracenie, or, as adopted by later writers,

Sarraceniacee. Both Jussieu and De La Pylaie were unac-

quainted with the structure of the embryo in Sarracenia ; it

has, however, been observed to be dicotyledonous by Hooker,$

and also by Nuttall,| who witnessed the germination of S.

purpurea at Philadelphia, and describes the embryo as fur-

nished with perfectly distinct, long and linear cotyledons.

The order Sarraceniacez is generally considered to be more

nearly allied to Papaveraceze and Nympheace than to any

others, and is accordingly placed by Dr. Hooker between these

two orders. Professor Lindley,4{ without however denying the

importance of these affinities, takes a different and somewhat

unsuspected view of the alliances of the order, believing it to

be very nearly related to Dionsea, the dilated leaf-stalks of

which only require their margins to cohere to be identical with

the pitchers of Sarracenia. A similar peculiarity in foliage is

seen in Cephalotus, Nepenthes and Dischidia; but the re-

* Charlevoix Travels, p. 97-98.

+ Travels in North America, (London, 1772) 2, p. 206,

t Ann. Linn. Soc. Paris, 6, p, 388.

§ Flora Am. Bor. 1, p. 83.

| Zrans. Am. Phil. Soc, (new series), 4, p. 50.

“| Introd. to Nat, System, (ed. New-York) p. 150.

With an Account of a New Species. 97

semblance does not extend farther. The only thing common

to all these plants is, as Dr. Brown remarks,* that they are all

dicotyledonous. .

The pitchers, or tubular portion of the leaves of all the

species of Sarracenia, it is well known, commonly contain a

great number of dead insects. The manner in which they are

imprisoned was first distinctly explained by William Bartram,t

and is particularly illustrated in a letter from the Jate Dr. Mac-

bride, of South Carolina, to Sir James E. Smith, published in

the 12th volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society

of London.t .

The water usually found in the leaves is no doubt chiefly de-

rived from rains and dews, and is not, in any considerable de-

gree, furnished by secretion from the plant itself, as in Nepen-

thes distillatoria, and some other plants of the kind, in which

the orifice is completely closed by an operculum.§ De Can-

dolle|| has somehow fallen into the error of supposing that the

* London and Edinb. Jour. Science, &c. for Oct. 1832. 4

+ Travels through N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Gc. (1791 introds

p. xix.

+ Read in December, 1815. See also Elliott, Skelch of the Botany of South

Carolina and Georgia, 2, p. 12.—‘‘ It may be sufficient here to remark that the

throat or orifice of these leaves is generally covered with’a saccharine secretion or

exudation. Immediately below the throat, for the space of nearly an inch, the

surface is highly polished, while the lower part of the tube is covered with hairs

all pointing downwards. When an insect is attracted, in the first instance, by

the secretion of the plant, or perhaps even by the water, descends, as it easily can

do, along this declining pubescence, it appears incapable of ascending by its feet

alone, and can only escape by a flight so perpendicular as to surpass the power of ©

most insects. Whenever they touch the bristly sides of the tube, they are preci-

pitated again to the bottom, and have to renew their efforts, and many insects,

even of a larger size, perish in this arduous and hopeless struggle.”

§ Sic metamorphosis folii Nymph in folium Sarracenie, ut ipsa aquam plu-

vialem excipiens, et retinens extra a quas crescat ; mira nature providentia !—

Linnaeus, Syt. Nat. (ed. 12), p. 361—an idea which seems to have been furnished

by a passage in one of Peter Collinson’s letters to Linneus, dated May I, 1765,

in these words: ‘‘ The leaves of the two species of Sarracenia are as surprising

as the flowers ; for they are open tubes, contrived to collect the rains and dews,

to nourish the plants in dry weather.”—Correspondence of Linn. I. p. 66.

ii Tantot il diverge de la tige dés sun origine, et a l'apparence d’un tube vide

VOL. Iv. - 13 ih

98 Observations on the genus Sarracenia ;

leaves of Sarracenia have a lateral slit, which prevents their

holding any considerable quantity of water. This, however, »

is not the case; and nothing is more common than to find the

tubes in some species (especially in S. purpurea and S. flava)

half or two-thirds filled with water.

The genus Sarracenia is, as is well known, exclusively North

American, no species having been detected west of the Alle-

gany mountains. ‘They are mostly found in the sphagnous

swamps, savannas, &c. of the southern Atlantic states, a single

species (S. purpurea) being, however, common in the northern

states, extending even to Newfoundland and Hudson’s Bay.

SarraceniacE&. Dela Pylaie, in. Ann. Linn. Soc. Paris,

6, p. 388, t. 13; Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 1. p. 33; Lindl. In-

trod. Nat. Syst. (ed. 2) p. 34.

Sarracenia, Linn. Gen. pl. p. 885; Walter, Fl. Car. p

152; Michr. Fl. Bor, Am. I. p. 310; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept.

Il. p.369 ; Nutt. Gen. N. Am. Pl. IL. p.10; Elliott, Bot. S,

Car. and Georg. II. p. 9.

Sarracena, Tourn. Inst. Rei. Herb.

(Character the same as of the order.)

~ 1. SARRACENIA PURPUREA, Linn.

8. foliis breviusculis assurgentibus, tubo ventricoso gibbo,

fauce coarctata, ala latissima arcuata, lamina erecta subreni-

formi—cordata intus pilosa, flore purpureo.

Sarracenia purpurea, Linn, Sp. Pl. p, 728; Walter, Fl. Car. p.

152; Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. I. p. 310. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. p. 367 ;

Elliott, Bot. S. Car. and Georg. II. p. 9.

——

————__

fendu sur le coté; ¢’est ce quia lieu dans les Sarracenia, soit q’on y considere le

tube comme formé par un pétiole foliacé ou par le limbe de la meme feuille ; ce

tube de Sarracenia ne peut contenir que peu ou point de liquide a cause de la

fissure latérale.”"—Organographie Vegetale, I. p. 319.

~~ |

With an Account of a New Species. 99

Coilophyllum Virginianum breviore folio. Morris. Hist. II. p.533.

Bucanephyllum Americanum. Plunk. Amalth. t. 376, f. 6.

Sarracenia foliis gibbis, Gronov. Virg. 164.

Icon. Bot. Mag. t. 849; Miller, Dic. I. t. 241; Catesby, Car. I.

t. 70; Plunkenett, Amalth. t. 376, f. 6.

Hasitat. From Hudson’s Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.

Hudson’s Bay, Michaux ; Newfoundland, De la Pylaie ; Ca-

nada, Dr. Richardson, Drummond; Massachusetts, Prof.

Mitchcock ; New-York and New-Jersey,Dr. Torrey; Virginia,

Gronov ; Carolina, Cutesby; near Newbern N. C!; near

Wilmington, N. C. Mr. Curtis; middle district of Carolina

and Georgia, Elliott ; near Charleston S. C! Florida and

Alabama !

OzssErvatTions. Leaves 4—8 inches long, tubular, bulging

in the middle, arcuate, ascending. Wing very broad and ar-

cuate. Lamina erect, very hairy on the inner surface. ‘Tube

often nearly filled with water. Scape about a foot high, bear-

ing, asin all the species, a single nodding flower, which in this

is large and purple.

This is, of all the species, the best known and the most ex-

tensively diffused. It is thaton which the genus was founded,

according to the Encyclopedia of Plants, having been known

in Europe as early as 1640.

S. heterophylla of Eaton is probably nothing more than S.

purpurea ; but has the plant yellow flowers?

2. SARRACENIA RUBRA, Walter.

S. foliis longiusculis erectis gracilibus, tubo sursum sensim

dilatante, ala angusto-lineari, lamina erecta mucronata basi sub-

coarctata, flore ruabro—purpureo.

Sarracenia rubra, Walt. Fl. Car. p. 152; Willd. II. p. 1150; El-

hott, Bot. S. Car. and Georg. II. p.10; Hooker, Ex. Fl. p. 13.

Icon. Hooker, Ex. Fl. t. 18.

100 Observations on the genus Sarracema ;

Hasitar. Middle country of South Carolina. Eltoitt.

Common in swamps between Aiken, S. C. and Richmond

County, N. C., flowering in May! Buncombe* County, North

Carolina. Mr. Curtis in lit.

Oxsservations. Leaves 10—18 inches long, rather slen-

der, reticulated with purple veins. ‘Tube enlarging regularly

towards the summit, like a trumpet. Lamina erect, clothed

with very fine hair on the inner surface. Wing narrow and

linear. Scape much longer than the leaves. Flower reddish-

purple.

Pursh certainly erred when he united this species with S.

psittacina of Michaux, an error in which he was followed by

Nuttall and some others. Elliott and Hooker have both re-

marked the incongruity of the two species as described, espe-

cially in the “ recurved, fornicated appendix” of the latter.

Nor are the leaves of 8. rubra short for this genus, as those of

S. psittacina are said to be.

3. Sarracenia DrumMMonpDImI, nobis ¢.

S. foliis longis erectis, tubo sensim dilatato, ala angusto-

lineari, lamina erecta suborbiculari intus pilosa tuboque superne

venis colaratis reticulata, interstitiis albis, fore purpureo.

Hapirat. Near the town of Appalachicola in Florida.

Abundant on the western borders of the Appalachicola river,

below Ocheesee. Dr. A. W. Chapman, in lit. Flowers in

April.

Oxsservations. Leaves long, (20—30 inches) erect, trum-

* This is the most western locality yet ascertained.

With an Account of a New Species. 101

pet-shaped. Wing very narrow and linear. Lamina nearly

orbicular, contracted at base, and thickly clothed on the inner

surface with conspicuous hairs. The upper part of the tube

and the lamina, on every side, reticulate with purple veins,

with the interstices white; the maculation larger and more dif-

fused than in S. Variolaris.

The tube of one of the specimens which we have of this

species contains, besides other dead insects, a large butterfly,

(Papilio Turnus) !

I have described this species from specimens in the herba-

rium of Dr. Torrey, who received a few leaves, without flowers,

from Sir William Jackson Hooker, to whom they had been

sent by Drummond, from Appalachicola in 1835. In the

spring of the present year (1836) Dr. A. W. Chapman ob-

tained the plant in flower in the neighbourhood of Appalachi-

cola, and gave a specimen to Dr. Torrey, by whose kindness I

have been permitted to describe it here.

From the very hairy lamina or appendix of this plant, its

reticulate veins, and the size and form of its leaves, a suspicion

was at first excited that this might be Elliott’s S. Catesbei, but

its purple flower and remarkable maculation entirely separate

it from that plant, which is no other than a variety of S. flava.

' 4. Sarracenia psirracina, Michaucz.

S. foliis brevibus reclinatis venoso-reticulatis albo-maculatis,

tubo venticoso, ala sursum subcuneatim latescente, lamina re-

curvata subgloboso—inflata carinata muronata tubum pene

claudente, ore subrotundo parvo, flore purpureo.

Sarracenia psyttacina, Mich. Fl. nee Am. I. p. 311. y

Sarracenia calceolata, Nutt. Trans. Am. Ph. Soc. IV. p. 49, ar,

Sarracenia pulchella, Croom in Sill. Journ. Oct. 1833.

Icon, Trans. Am. Phil, Soc. IV. pl. 1.

102 Observations on the genus Sarracenva ;

Hasirar. Georgia and Florida. ‘ Ab urbe Augusta

Georgie and Floridam.”’ Michaux. 'Tatnall County, Ga., and

10 miles west of Tallahassee, Florida. Nutall. Near Quincy,

Fla. Dr. A. W. Chapman. Between the Tologie and the

Appalachicola, in wet pine woods! Flowers March to April.

Oxsservations. Leaves 3—4 inches long, reclinate, with

reticulate purple veins, and whitish diaphanous spots, like those

of S. variolaris, but smaller. The autumnal leaves are longer,

and vary somewhat from the vernal in form and appearance,

especially in the longitudinal wing. 'They are about six inches

in length. ‘Tube ventricose. Lamina very curiously incurved

and fornicated, almost closing the tube, and looking not unlike

the head of a parrot, as Michaux has remarked. Scape about

a foot high. Flower reddish-purple. Even this species, not-

withstanding the smallness of the aperture of the tube, acts asa

fly-catcher. Indeed when they have once entered through this

small orifice, their condition is more hopeless than in any of the

other species.

This species of Michaux was long lost to our botanists.

Pursh united it with S. Rubra of Walter, the incongruity of

which is evident. Still, as the plant had not been found since

Michaux’s time, Nuttall, who adopted the error of Pursh, when

he at length found the plant, considered it as new, and describ-

ed it in the work we have already referred to. Influenced by

the opinions of others, and not having seen the description of

Nuttall’s S. calceolaia, | mentioned it as new under the name

of S. pulchella. But I am now satisfied of its identity with

S. psittacina of Michaux, whose description agrees pocurmtely

with this plant. ‘Their Habitat also agrees.

5. SaRRACENIA VARIOLARIS, Michauz.

8. foliis longiusculis suberectis, tubo paulo ventricoso superne

dorso maculato, ala linearimlanceolata, lamina incurvata for-

nicata, flore flavo.

With an Account of a New Species. 103

Sarracenia variolaris, Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. J. p. 310.

Sarracenia minor Walt Fl. Car, p. 153?

S. adunca, Smith, Ev. Bot. I. t. 53.

Icon. Bot. Mag. 1710; Loddige, Bot. Cab. t.

Hasitar. From South Carolina to Florida. Michauz.

Around the pine-barren ponds along the sea-coast of South

Carolina and Georgia. Elliott. Common in Middle Florida

and the southern parts of Georgia, in wet pine woods! Abun-

dant near Charleston, S.C! Flowers March—April.

OsservaTions. Leaves 12 to 18 inches long, nearly

erect, a little bent or reclinate near the base. Tube a little

ventricose, curiously marked on the back, near the summit,

with whitish diaphanous spots. Wing somewhat broad. La-

mina arched, vaulted and incurved over the throat of the tube.

Flowers yellow.

6. Sarracenta Frava, Linn.

S. foliis longissimis erectis tubo sensim dilatato, ala lineari

angustissima, lamina erecta basi coarctata lateribus retroflexis,

flore flavo.

Sarracenia flava, Sp. Pl. I7.1150; Walter, Fl. Car. p. 153 ; Micha.

Fl. Bor. Am. 1. p. 310; Pursh, Fl. Am. IT. 367 ; Elliot, Bot. S. Car.

and Georg. II. p. 10.

Sarracenia Catesbxi, Ell. Bot. S. Car. and Georg, II. p. 11.

Coilophyllum Virginianum, Morris. Hist. I. p. 533.

Bucanephyllum elatius, Plunk. Amalth.

Sarracenia foliis rectis, Gronov. Virg. 164.

Icon. Bot. Mag. 780; Cates. Car. I/.t.69; Plunk. Amalth. ¢, 376,

f. 5.

Hapirat. From the southern borders of the Chesapeake

Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. Southhampton County, Va. Dr.

Pickering. Virginia, Gronov. Near Newbern, N.C.! Near

Wilmington, N. C., Mr. Curtis. Abundant in the middle

a |

104 = Observations on the genus Sarracenia, §e.

districts of Carolina and Georgia, Ell. Near Charleston, 8. C.!

Common in the wet pine woods of Middle Florida!

OxssERvVATIONS. Leaves very long, 24 to 36 inches, erect,

‘trumpet shaped. Wing very narrow, linear. Lamina erect,

mucronate, with the sides at base usually reflected. This is

the largest species ofthe genus. Inthe savannas of North and

South Carolina I have sometimes gathered the leaves full

three feet long, which is precisely the length assigned by

Catesby to the leaves of this species.

In the southern states, where this species is common, its

leaves are known by the appropriate name of “ trumpets.”

Elliott’s Sarracenia, Catesbai, is, as I have ascertained by the

inspection of his herbarium, scarcely even a variety of this

species, and differs from the ordinary form of the plant only

by the more gegnepicuous veins and pubescence of the lamina.

It agrees very well with the figure in Catesby abov e-cited, which

Elliott refers to his S. Catesbei, while both Willdenow and

Pursh quote the same figure as belonging to S. flava.

- MeLantHacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

Auctore Asa Gray.

Orvo MELANTHACEA. R. Brown.

Melanthacee Lindl. nat. syst. ed. 2. excl. § Paridew et gen. nonnul.

Colchicacee D. C. fl. Fran. ed. 3.; Bartl. ord. nat. ete:

Veratree Salish. in hort. trans. ; Agardh aphor. ete.

Juncorum gen. Juss.

Catyx et coroLua consimiles, feré equales, plerumqué per-

sistentes, perianthium hexamerium liberum sepissimé petaloi-

deum constituentes ; foliolis plus minis distinctis vel unguibus

in tubum gracilem coalitis, estivatione seepe involutis.

Stamina 6 (in Pleed 9—12); filamentis persistentibus.

AnTHER biloculares vel pseudo-uniloculares, extrorsee, inter-

dum innate, rarissimé introrse.

Ovanrra 3 (rarius abortu unica), sepidis pluriovulata, inttis

plus minus coalita: styli totidem distincti, introrsim stigmatosi

seu stigmatibus simplicibus desinentes. Ovuna anatropa,

plerumqué biseriata, ascendentia.

CaAPpsuLA membranacea vel coriacea, trigastra, saepius tri-

partibilis, carpellis sutura ventrali dehiscentibus, nunc dehis-

centia loculicida.

Semina 5—20 (raritis 2) in carpellis singulis, seepé com-

pressa et testa membranacea (nec atra nec crustacea) undiqué

marginata aut utrinqué appendiculatae ALBUMEN carnosum.

Empryo parvus, in albumine inclusus, juxta hilum positus.

VOL. Iv. 14

106 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

Hersx cormo vel bulbo tunicato (quandoque rhizomate

hozontali) perennantes ; radicibus fibrosis, interdum crassis fas-

ciculatisque. Caules simplices, seepé scapiformes, nune ab-

breviati aut hypogei. Folia graminea, cyperoidea, vel

plantaginea, rarius conduplicata vel equitantia, basi caulis

sepe conferta, superné alterna, plus minus amplectantia seu

yaginantia. ores hermaphroditi seu abortu polygami, rarius

subdioici, racemosi vel spicati (racemis simplicibus vel com-

positis), nunc solitarii.

Oxs. I. Genera infra posita, hac doctissimo Lindleyo et

aliis collocata, ex hoc ordine depello ; scilicet:

1. Nolina Michx. que ob antheras introrsas et stylos (vix

ullos) coalitos, necnon pedicellos sepé aggregatos, in medio ar-

ticulatos, Asphodeleis potitis referenda. Fructum maturum et

semina non vidi.

2. Disporum Salish. (genus primum preclarissimo Brownio

indicatum*), Drapiezia, Blum. Schelhammera R. Brown. et

forsan Tricyrtis, Vall. (= Compsoa Don), omnia antheris

extrorsis, que, cum Uvularia, sectionem parvam ordinis (seu

classis) Liliacearum (prope Convallarineas) constituere vi-

dentur.

3. Paris, Trillium, Medeola, Myrsiphyllum. (Paridew

Lindl. Trilliacee D.C.) Hee, necnon Convallaria, Strep-

topus, etc., ad Smilaceas a cl. Brownio referebantur, sed dis-

sident in habitu, folioramque structura (cl. Lindleyo nuper

monentet), et maximé seminibus anatropis}, nunquam ortho-

tropis modo seminum Smilacis et Ripogoni. Melanthaceis

accedunt stigmatibus stylisve discretis, etc., sed diversa sunt

* Prodr. fl. Nov. Holl. 1, p. 310.

+ Nat. syst. ed. 2, p. 358.

t Semina in plerisque Trilliis toto raphide inserta sunt, ideoque quasi hetero-

tropa videntur.

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 107

pericarpio baccato, antheris introrsis, et habitu : equidem statio

propria est inter Liliaceas juxta Uvulariam et Convallariam.

Oss. If. Perianthium et filamenta (necnon styli et stigmata)

in omnibus Melanthaceis Boreali Americanis persistentia sunt ;

in aliis nonnullis decidua.

Ops. III. Melanthacez in tribus duas facilé dividi possunt :

scil.

1. CoLcHIcE& ; acaulescentes ; floribus plerumqué ex cormo

ortis, pedicellis hypogeis; foliolis perianthii longissimé un-

guiculatis, sepids in tubum gracilem coherentibus ; stylis gra-

cillimis quandoque plus minus coalitis.

2. MELANTHER; caulibus scapiformibus, sepé foliosis ;

floribus racemosis spicatisve ; foliolis perianthii distinctis vel

breviter coalitis, unguibus brevibus aut nullis; stylis brevibus,

stigmatibusve feré semper distinctis.

He Asphodeleis, ill, habitu Croci, Iridaceis magis conveni-

unt. Tofieldie § Triantha preclaré Melanthaceas Juncaceis

conjungit *,

* Vid. adnot. sub Tofieldia

108 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

CoNSPECTUS GENERUM BoREALI-AMERICANORUM.

1. COLCHICE.

1. Levcocrinum, Nutt. Perianthium hypocrateriforme.

Styli coaliti, stigmatibus lamellato-dilatatis, Radix fasciculata.

2, MELANTHE.

§ 1. <Anthere pseudo-uniloculares, post dehiscentiam cly-

peolate.

* Perianthii foliola biglandulosa: styli stigmatibus simplicibus desi-

nentes,

2. ZigaADENUS, Michx. Flores hermaphroditi. Foliola

perianthii exunguiculata. Filamenta libera.

3. Lermanturum, /Villd. Flores plerique polygami. Fi-

lamenta unguibus perianthii foliorum accreta.

** Perianthii foliola eglandulosa, exunguiculata: stylt stigmatibus

simplicibus desinentes.

4. Veratrum, Linn. Flores polygami, in racemis com-

positis. Stamina perianthio breviora.

a, Perianthii foliola obtusa, basi plis minis angustata. Folia dilatata,

plicato-nervosa, caulem vaginantia.

b. Srenanruium. Perianthii foliola lanceolata, acutissima, basi feré

dilatata, staminibus multd longiora. Folia angusté linearia caulem

haud vaginantia.

5. Amiantuium. [Ilores hermaphroditi, racemis simpli-

cibus compositisve. Stamina perianthio plerumque longiora.

‘

Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. 109

6. ScucenocauLon. Flores (minimi) in scapum pergra-

eilem nudum arcté spicati. Stamina perianthio longiora.

§ 2. Anthere biloculares.

Obs. Perianthii foliola in generibus Americanis hujussectionis exun-

guiculata et eglandulosa sunt.

* Stigmata sessilia (seu styli intis prorsus stigmatosi).

7. XERopHyitium, Michz. Flores hermaphroditi. Cap-

sula loculis dispermis. Filamenta inferné valdé dilatata.

Henonias, Linn. Filamenta inferne haud dilatata. Capsula

polysperma.

a. Flores hermaphroditi. Capsula obcordata, tricocca.

b. Cuamauinium, Willd. Flores dioici. Capsula ovoidea.

** Styli stigmatibus simplicibus desinentes. Folia equitantia.

y § Lp q

9. Tortetp1a, Huds. Flores hermaphroditi, involucro

calyculati.

a. Flores simpliciter racemosi vel spicati, modo florendi centripeto.

Anthere introrse.

b. Trianrua, Nutl. Flores plerumqué ternatim fasciculati, modo

florendi centrifugo. Anthere innate. Semina utrinque subulata.

10. Pueza, Michz. Flores hermaphroditi, bracteis spa-

thaceis. Stamina 9—12; antheris versatilibus introrsis. Se-

mina apice setaceo-caudata,

110 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

TRIB, 1. COLCHICEK/.

1. LEUCOCRINUM, Nutt.

Frores hermaphroditi, ex caule brevissimo subterraneo

orti. PrRtaANTHIUM hypocrateriforme ; tubo gracillimo, pre-

longo ; laciniis ovalibus limbi patentis equalibus. Sramina

6, equalia; filamentis tubo perianthii feré ad apicem adnatis.

ANTHER# lineares, biloculares (basin affixe) introrse.

Ovarium globoso-ovatum, carpellis tribus pluriovulatis con-

cretis compositum: styli filiformes, vix ad apicem coaliti ;

stigmatibus lamellato-dilatatis. Carsuta membranacea (haud

inflata), subglobosa, loculis 5—6-spermis. Semin (biseriata)

subglobosa. ;

Ravix fasciculata, carnosa: cavlis vix ullus: folia angusté

linearia: jlores albi, brevé pedunculati, spathis angustissimis

bracteati.

LEevucocriINUM MONTANUM, Nutt. ined.

Radiz e fibris plurimis crassitie penne Corvi. Folia plurima, (ut

videntur) crasiuscula, plana, 8 unc. longa, vix 2 lin. lata, acutiuscula.

Flores (6—8) foliis multd breviores; pedunculis omnibus radicalibus,

unifloris, demim feré uncialibus. Perianthiit tubus persistens, 2—3

unc. longus, filiformis; limbus magnitudine florum Ornithogali

umbellati. Stamina perianthium vix equantia; antheris linearibus.

Stylus staminibus paulo brevior; stigmatibus feré obcordatis.

Capsule (immature) vix supra terram, membranacew, 3—4 lin. late,

(ut videntur loculicidé dehiscentes,) stylo et perianthio persistente coro-

natw. Semina ut in Colchico.—Floret Aprili.

Has. In planitiebus altis fuminis Platte, Nuttall!

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 111

Ozs. Genus a Colchico diversum, stylis coalitis, antheris

adnatis, et capsulis membranaceis non inflatis ; a Bulbocodio,

unguibus perianthii totis concretis, etc. ; ab utroque presertim

stigmatibus lamellatis, radice fasciculata, et defectu cormi. Si

tamen Merendera, Bulbocodium, et Monocaryum, ut monet

doctiss. Brownio,* potits subgenera Colchici sunt, forsan hoc

quoque illi referendum est.

Specimina sicca a cel. Nuttallio lecta et mihi benevolé com-

municata.

TRIB. 2. MELARTHEA.

2. ZIGADENUS, Michz.

Frores hermaphroditi. Prrianratr foliola basi subcoa-

lita, exunguiculata, petaloidea, patentissima, inferné glandulis

binis (sepe connatis) instructa. Sramrna 6: filamenta basi

dilatata, cum perianthii foliolis inserta, eademque subequantia.

ANTHER cordate, sinum affixe, vix extrorse (loculis apice

connatis et confluentibust), post dehiscentiam clypeolate.

OvariA 3, intis concreta, pluriovulata, sursum attenuata, sty-

lisque gracilibus desinentia : stigmata simplicia vel subcapitata.

CAPSULA ovato-conoidea, coriaceo-membranacea, subtriloba,

superne tripartibilis, carpellis intus dehiscentibus; loculis

6—8-spermis. Semina oblonga, aptera, nunc apice vix

membranaceo-appendiculata.

* Observations on the plants collected by Oudney, &c. p. 37.

+ Ideo anthere uniloculares septo evanido, ut in Malvaceis.

112 Melanthaccarum America Septentrionalis Revsio.

Caves basi bulbescentes seu rhizomatibus repentibus, in-

ferné foliosi: /folia graminea: inflorescentia plerumqué pani-

culata; ramis paucis, subsimplicibus: bractee subspathifor-

mes: flores albidi, extus precipué virescentes.

ZicaDENuS, Miche. fl. 1, p. 213, t. 225 Pursh, fl. 1, pe.

216; Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2. p. 30; Ell. bot. S. Car.

and Georg. 1, p. 420; Ram. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 101.

HeE.oni2 species, Ker, in jour. sci. 1, p. 184.

Oxss. Hic pertinet Melanthium Sibiricum, Linn. et auct.

(Ornithogalum spicis florum longissimis, &c. Gmel. fl. Sibir.

1, p. 45, t. 8.)

1. Z. GLABERRIMUS; rhizomate repente; foliis longe

lineari-lanceolatis, superioribus perbrevibus ; panicula pyrami-

dali; bracteis ovatis, acuminatis, pedicellos subequantibus ;

foliolis perianthii ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatulis, basi feré

angustatis, crassiusculis ; glandulis orbiculatis distinctis.

Z. glaberrimus, Miche. fl. l. c. ; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 241; Redowt. Lil.

t. 461; Ell. l.c.; Roem. & Schult. syst. 7, p. 1559; Hook. & Arn. in

bot. Beechey, p- 161?

Z. bracteatus, Ram. & Schult. l. c«

Helonias bracteata, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1703.

Caulis 1—3-pedalis, superné subnudus. Folia plana, supremis ad

bracteas subspathiformes diminutis. Panicule rami 3—5, plerique

simplices, 7—10-flori. Flores magnitudine Veratri viridis. Perian-

thii foliola leviter striata, stellato-patentia. Styli contigui. Ovaria

multi-ovulata ; ovulis biseriatis sursim imbricatis.

Hab. In herbosis humidis, a Virginié (Pursh) et Carolina

super. ! usque ad Alabamam! et in California. (fide Hook. §

Arn. |. ¢.)

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 113

2. Z. cLaucus ; bulbo tunicato; foliis caule brevioribus,

linearibus, vix acutis ; racemo subsimplici; bracteis lanceolatis

pedicellis brevioribus ; perianthii foliolis ovalibus obovatisve,

obtusis, glandula obcordata instructis.

Zigadenus chloranthus, Richards. app. Frankl. journ. (ed. 2,) p. 12;

Torr. ! in ann. lyc. New- York, 2. p.251; Ram § Schult. syst. 7, p. 1561 ;

Hook. § Arn.! bot. Beechey, p. 130.

Z. glaucus, Nuit.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7, p- 56.

Z. commutatus, Rem. § Schult. l. c.

Melanthium glaucum, Nutt. ! gen. 1, p. 232; Torr. fl.1, p. 367.

Leimanthium ? glaucum, Rem. § Schult. l. c. p. 1551.

_ Caulis pedalis, superné subnudus (1—2-foliatus). Folia glauca,

plana, supremis bracteiformibus. Racemus (seu panicula subsimplex)

7—20-florus, inferné spits plis minus compositus ;_ pedicellis unciali-

bus apice incrassatis. Flores magnitudine Ornithogali wmbellati (in-

terdim polygamiex Richards). Perianthii foliola obscuré striata, basi

leviter angustata; glandulis confluentibus. Styli demim_ recurvi.

Capsula conoideo-oblonga, perianthio persistente multo longior; carpellis

apice divergentibus, stylis brevibus subulati$, 7—8-spermis: Semina ex-

appendiculata. Julio et Augusto floret.

Hab. Ad ripas arenosas, etc., a Canada! et freto Kotze-

buano! usque ad Arkansam! etOregon! (v. sp.in herb. Nutt.

in planitiebus altis fluminis Platte et Multnomah lecta.)

Obs. An hue pertinet Zigadenus commutatus, Schult. 1. c.

(Helonias glaberrima, Bot. mag. t. 1680,) et forsan Hook. et

Arn. in bot. Beechey, p. 160 ?

Vidi in herb. Acad. Sci. Nat. Philadelphie specimen Ca-

nadense (prope Maitland a McNab lectum), panicula pedali,

ramis subsimplicibus fere 12-floris!

Species omnino ignota est ZIGADENUS ELEGANS, Pursh,

fl. 1, p. 241.

VOL. IV. 15

114 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio.

3. LEIMANTHIUM. Willd.

Fores plerumque (abortu ovarii) polygami. PErRtANTHII

foliola stellato-patentia, petaloidea, basi biglandulosa; unguibus

staminiferis. Sramrna 6: filamenta perianthii foliolis bre-

viora, unguibus plus minus accretae ANTHER# reniformes,

sinum aflixee, vix extrorsee (loculis apice connatis et confluen~

tibus), post dehiscentiam clypeolate. Ovarta 3, angulis in-

ternis coalita, pluriovulata, stylis brevibus subulata ; stigmata

simplicia, minutae CapsuLa ovata (membranacea, turgida,)

triloba, tripartibilis ; carpellis follicularibus 4—10-spermis, in-

tus (superné presertim) dehiscentibus. SEmMINA compressa,

laté membranaceo-alata.

Cavues plerique superné puberuli, elati: ola lineariavel

lanceolata, elongata, (rarius latiora et quasi petiolata) : panicula

pyramidata, e racemis multifloris plerisque simplicibus (imis

quandoque compositis) : flores ochroleuci vel flavo-virentes,

demum luridi: pedzcelli bracteis seepius brevibus stipati.

Lermmantuium, ‘ Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2, p. 24,”

(excl. spec.) ; Roem. §¥ Schult. syst. 7, p. 100.

Mevanrutt species, Linn. et auct.

Meuantuium, Michz. fl. 2, p.251; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 232;

Ell. bot. S. Car. § Georg. 1.p. 418; Torr. fl. 1, p. 367.

Oss. Genus a Melanthio (Prom. Bone Spei) abundeé di-

versum, inflorescentia paniculato-racemosa, pedicellis bracteatis,

floribus plerisque polygamis, perianthio persistente, antheris

unilocularibus, seminibus alatis, ete.

oo.

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 115

1. L. Virernicum ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, elongatis ; pe-

rianthii foliolis angustissimé unguiculatis, lamina subrotundo-

ovata (demim oblonga), basi subcordato-auriculata, glandulis

approximatis ; unguibus supra medium staminiferis.

Leimanthium Virginicum, “ Willd. l. c. p. 243” Ram. & Schult.

syst. 7, p. 1549.

Melanthium Virginicum, Linn. ; Gron. Virg. p. 59; Derouss. in

Lam. enc. meth. 4, p. 24, t. 260 ; Walt. Car. p. 125; Willd. spec. 2, p.

266; Michr. fl. 2, p. 251; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 240; Ell. bot. S. Car. &

Georg. 1, p. 418; Torr.! fl. 1, p. 367; Darlingt. fl. Cest. (ed. 2,)

p. 231.

M. polygamum, Desrouss. |. c.

M. hybridum, Ell. 1. c. (fide amic. Curtis.); Torr. fl. l.c., non Walt.

Veratrum Virginicum, Ait. hort. Kew. (ed. 2.) 5, p. 426.

Helonias Virginica, Sims, bot. mag. t. 285.

Caulis 3-pedalis et altior; parte superiore, ramis panicule, pedi-

cellis, et extrinsects perianthio puberulis. Folia pallidé viridia, de-

bilia, 8—20 unc. longa, semi—sesquiuncialia lata, inferioribus amplexi-

caulibus. Panicula pedalis sesquipedalisve; ramis plerumqué simpli-

cibus, laxifloris ; pedicelli, vix unciales, flore longiores. Flores ochroleuci,

demtm brunnei; superiores (quandoque inferiores) precipué herma-

phroditi, semiunciales et longiores. Bractee pedicellis mult6 breviores.

Perianthii foliola lamina plis minus obtusa vel acutiuscula, obsoleté

striata; glandulis rotundis distinctis. Capsula feré unc. longa, stylis

lin. 2 longis apiculata. Semina 4—10 in singulis carpellis, ovato-lan-

ceolata. Julio-Augusto floret.

Hab. In pratis et sylvis humidis a Novo Eboraco! usque ad

Floridam! et Arkansam!

2. L. HysripuM ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, elongatis ;_peri-

anthii foliolis angusté unguiculatis, lamina rhomboideo-subor-

biculata margine undulata ; glandulis conniventibus (quandoque

obsoletis) ; unguibus convoluto-canaliculatis, infra medium

staminiferis.

a. gracilis; panicula sparsiflora, ramis plerisque simplicibus.

116 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio,

8, robustior ; foliis inferioribus plantagineis ; ramis imis pa-

nicul# compositis.

y. elata; ramis panicule plerisque compositis, multifloris.

Leimanthium hybridum, Rem. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 1550, excl. syn.

Nutt. Ell. §° Torr. et descr.

Melanthium hybridum, Walt. Car p. 125; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 2417 non

Nutt. nec Ell. § Torr.

M. latifolium, Desrouss. in Lam. enc. meth. 4, p. 25.

NM. racemosum, Michz, fl. 2, p. 251.

Caulis 2—4-pedalis, superné pubernlus. Folia suprema pauca, brevis-

sima. Panicula plerumqué minor et gracilior quam in L. Virginico, flo-

ribus paucioribus minoribusque : pedicelli patentes, filiformes, flore multo

longiores. Perianthii foliola flavo-virentia ; apice laminarum sepits

plis minis cuspidato vel acuminato; margine, feré scarioso; unguibus

ima filamentorum involvens, laminam subequantibus. #'ructum non

vidi.

Hab. In umbrosis a Pennsylvania ! usquead Georgiam! In

excelsis montibus Caroline septentrionalis,” Michaux. Lin-

colnton, Car. sept. Curtis! ; prope Germantown, Pennsylvania,

Nuttall! vy. Macon, Georgie (v. sp. in herb. acad. Philad.

sine foliis).

3. L. mMonorcum; foliis late ovalibus, basi quasi petiolatis,

superioribus oblanceolatis linearibusve ; panicula summa longé

racemosa, fertili, inferné racemis masculis brevibus; perian-

thii foliolis obovato-spathulatis vel oblanceolatis, unguibus sen-

sim attenuatis, ad basi staminiferis ; glandulis sepius nullis.

Leimanthium monoicum, Rem. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 1550, exel.

syn. et descr, Melanth. polygam. Desrouss.

Melanthium monoicum, Walt. Car. p. 125; Pursh, jl. 1, p. 241?

Ell. bot. S. Car. & Georg. 1, p. 4181

M. hybridum, Nuit. / gen. 1, p. 232, non Walt.

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 117

Veratrum parviflorum, Miche. fl. 2, p. 250; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 242;

_ Rem. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 1557, excl. syn. et descr. Melanth. bracteo-

lare, Desrouss.

Caulis bipedalis, superné virgatus, feré nudus (ramiquoque panicule)

puberulus, basi bulbescens. Folia inferiora6—S unc. longa, feré 3 unc.

lata, sepé acuminata, inferné abrupté angustata quasi petiolata, caulem

vaginantia ; superiora paucissima, invicem minora. Panicula pyrami-

dato-virgata, sesquipedalis, ramis lateralibus gracilibus. Pedicelli fili-

formes, flore paulé longiores. Flores paulo minores quam in M. hy-

brido, virescentes. Perianthii foliola striata, feré plana, apice vix

acuta, inferné attenuato-unguiculata, staminibus duplo longiora; glan-

dulis in floribus masculis nullis, in hermaphroditis sepits obsoletis.

Capsula 4—6 lin. longa, stylis brevissimis (} lin. long.) apiculata ;_ car-

pellis 4—5-spermis. Semina ovalia, utrinqué acuta, 3—4 lin. longa.—

Julio floret.

Hab. In excelsis montibus Virginie et Caroline, Michaur

&§ Nuttall! Specim. vidi et exam. monte “ Table-mountain

dicto lectum amico Curtis !)”

Obs. Planta foliis feré Veratri, sed inflorescentia, floribus

fructibusque Leimanthii, licét perianthio spits eglandulosa.

Veratrum parviflorum, Bongard, veg. sul. Sitcha est Ve-

ratrum Eschscholtzii nobis.

4, VERATRUM. Linn.

Fores (abortu ovarii) polygami. Prrranrutt foliola basi

plus minus coalita, petaloidea, patentia vel erecto-patentia, ex-

unguiculata, eglandulosa. Svramrna 6; filamentis imo peri-

anthio insertis, eodemque breviora. ANTHERm subglobose,

feré innate (loculis apice connatis et confluentibus), post de-

hiscentiam clypeolate. PrisTiLLa, capsuLa, et SEMINA ut in

Leimanthio.

Veratrum, Linn. (excl. V, luter) et auct.

118 Meéelanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

1. VERATRUM propr.

Perrantuit foliola obovata vel oblonga, vix acuta, basi

plus minus angustata, staminibus subduplo longiora: filamenta

demum extrorsim patentia.

CauLes robusti, foliosi: folia laté ovata vel oblonga, plicato-

nervosa, caulem vaginantia ; superioribus sensim minoribus,

bracteis insidentibus : panicula plerumque pyramidata, race-

mis simplicibus: flores flavo-virentes vel atro-purpurel.

Veratrum, Linn. (excl. sp.); Juss. gen. p. 47; Lam. ill.

t. 843; Miche. fl. 2, p. 249; Willd. spec. 4, p. 895; Nutt.

gen. 1, p. 233 (excl. sp.).

HeEwont# species, Ker, in bot. mag. etc.

Obs. V. Sabadilla, Retz. a Veratro diversa videtur, an-

theris presertim bilocularibus (conf. fig. in Dict. sect. nat. et

descr. Ram. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 1558,) necnon floribus nutan-

tibus secundis: forte (cum aliis Mexicanis nondum descriptis,

vid. Schiede, in Linnaa, 4, pp. 226 § 234,) genus proprium

constituere meretur.

1. V. virrpE ; ramis paniculee demum patentibus ; foliolis

perianthii campanulati oblongis, basi subangustatis, filamentis

plerumque planis paulo longioribus.

Veratrum viride, Ait. hort. kew. (ed. 1,) 3, p. 896; Pursh, fl. 1, p.

242, Bigel. Am. med. bot. t. 33; Ell. bot. S. Car. & Georg. 1, p. 419;

Torr. fl. 1, p. 368; Ram. & Schult. syst. 7, p. 1556; Darlingt. fl. Cest.

(ed. 2,) p. 232.

V.album, Miche. fl. 2, p. 249. non Linn.

Helonias viridis, Bot. mag. t. 1096, excl. syn.

Melanthium bracteolare, Desrouss. in enc. meth. 4, p. 26.

Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. 119

Radix magna, fibris carnosis albis. Caulis (3—7-ped.) ramis pani-

cule, pedicellis (brevibus) foliisque subt€r sparsim puberulus. Perian-

thium flavo-viride, foliolis exterioribus obtusiusculis ; interioribus feré

acutis, margine denticulato-erosis. Stamina rarits 7. Maio—Julio

floret.

Hab. In pratis humidis, etc. a Canada! usque ad montes

Georgize.—Vulgo White Hellebore, Poke.

2. V. Escuscuoirzm ; panicule ramis lateralibus (quan-

doque compositis) plerumqué nutantibus; foliolis perianthii

campanulati oblongis, basi attenuatis, filamentis gracillimis

plusduplo longioribus. »

Veratrum Lobelianum . Eschscholzianum, Rem. & Schult. syst. 7,

p- 1555.

V. parviflorum, Bongard, veg. Sitcha. in mem. acad. St. Petersb.

(ser. 6,) 2, p. 166, non Miche.

Hab. In Amer. bor.-occidentali; insula Sitcha Rutheno-

rum, Eschscholtz et Mertens; prope ‘‘ Observatory Inlet,”

Scouler! et ad ripas fluminis Oregon, Nuttall !

Obs. Precedenti nimis affinis, quo differt foliis peduncu-

lisque magis pubescentibus, etc., et presertim filamentis bre-

vioribus et gracilioribus.

2. Suscen. STENANTHIUM.

PERIANTHI foliola angusté lanceolata, subulato-acuminata,

basi subdilatata, staminibus (florum sterilium presertim) multd

longiora.

Cautis gracilis, basi bulbescens: folia graminea caulem

haud vaginantia: panicula virgata: flores albidi.

120 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

V. (SrenNanTH.) ANGUSTIFOLIUM ; foliis angusté lineari-

bus, planis, inferioribus obtusis ; racemo terminali fertili, elon<

gato ; lateralibus brevibus, floribus sepé sterilibus subsessili-

bus ; foliolis internis perianthii angustioribus.

Veratrum angustifolium, Pursh, fl. 1, p. 242 §& 2, p. 747; Nutt. gen.

1, p. 233; Ell. bot. S. Car. §; Georg. 1, p. 420; Ram. & Schult. syst.

7, p- 1557.

Xerophyllum gramineum, Nuit. gen. 1. p. 2361

Planta glabra. Radix fibris subcrassis. Caulis 2—4-pedalis, teres;

gracilis. Folia (noncarinata) pleraque 1—2-ped. longa, 2—3 lin. lata;

inferiora vix vaginantia; superiora semiamplectantia, acuta; summis

brevibus. Panicula sepé bipedalis, pergracilis, multiflora; floribus ra-

cemorum lateralium (quandoque ceteris) ovar. defectu plerumqué sterili-

bus. Racemi laterales plurimi, filiformes, patentes, 1—3 unc. longi,

(imis interdim compositis,) bracted lineari-setacea stipati; superiores

sensim breviores, bracteis minutis; floribus vix pedicellati bractea ovato-

lanceolata cuspidata plusduplo longioribus. Racemus terminalis sepits

elongatus ; pedicellis flores subequantibus. Perianthium. albidum vel

virescens ; foliola (2 lin. longa) striata (exteriora basin versus plus mi-

nus dilatata), sursim (presertim flor. steril.) longé attenuata, acutissi-

ma. Stamina in flor. steril. presertim perianthio mult0 breviora ; in

flor. fertil. demim fere dimidio breviora. Styli brevissimi, recurvic«

Capsula vix 3 lin. longa. Semina (immatura) in loculis 4, ovali-ob-

longa, apice acuminata.—Junio et Julio floret.

Hab. In umbrosis ab Ohio! ad Virginiam! Floridam!

et Arkansam !

1%,

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 121

5. AMIANTHIUM.*

Fiores hermaphroditi. Prritanruu foliola basi vix coalita

(ovalia vel obovata), petaloidea, patentissima, exunguiculata,

eglandulosa. Sramrna 6; filamentis plerisque capillaribus

cum perianthio insertis, idemque equantibus vel superantibus.

ANTHER reniformes, feré innate (loculis apice connatis et

confluentibus), post debiscentiam clypeolate. Ovaria 3,

(rarius abortu pauciora) intus plus minus coalita, pauci-

ovulata, stylis filiformibus subulatisve desinentia: stigmata sim-

plicia minuta. CapsuLa (membranacea, turgida,) triloba, tri-

partibilis ; carpellis follicularibus (interdum apice distinctis)

1—4-spermis, intus superné dehiscentibus. SEmina lanceo-

lata vel linearia, compressa utrinqué membranacea, aut teretia,

oblonga, testa laxa demum carnosa.

Cau tes scapiformes, basi sepé bulbescentes: folia gram-

inea ; inferioribus plus minus confertis, vaginantibus : racemus

simplex vel compositus, multiflorus: flores albidi, sepius

longé pedicellati, bracteis plerisque brevissimis stipati.

Hetoniz pars, Michz. fl. 1, p. 211; Pers. syn. |, p. 398 ;

Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2, p. 29; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 216;

Nutt. gen. 1, p. 2343; Ell. bot. S. Car. § Georg. 1, p. 421;

Torr. fl. 1, p. 368; Rem. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 101, non

Linn.

Leimantutt species, Willd. l. c.

Mexantuti species, Walt. Car. p. 125; Lam. enc. meth.

4, p. 28; Aut. hort. Kew. (ed. 1,) 1, p. 488; Willd. spec. 2,

p- 266.

CurosPEeRMa et Cyanorris, faf.

* Nomen ab ayavros (immaculatus, purus) et av9os ( flos) derivatum.

VOL. IV. 16

122 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

Oss. Helonias Linnei de H. bullata et H. asphodeloidi

constituta fuit, cujus iste est Xerophyllum Michauxii; itaqué

nomen Helonias specie priore retineatur. Amianthium a He-

lonia differt, structura presertim antherarum et capsule, stylis

distinctis stigmatibus minutis desinentibus, etc.; a Veratro

(cui species racemis compositis magis accedunt), floribus om-

nibus hermaphroditis, staminibus stylisque longioribus, semini-

bus vix alatis, et habitu.

Nomen Cyanotris, Raf. in jour. de Phys. (= Hel. angusti-

folia, Michx.) anomine Cyanotis Don vix differt ; Chrosperma

specei unice solum apta est ; ideo utrumque preteritur.

1. A. muscmroxicum; bulbo tunicato ; foltis planis, infe-

rioribus laté linearibus obtusis ; racemo simplici ; foliolis peri-

anthii oblongis, obtusissimis ; carpellis superne distinctis, stylis

subulatis divergentibus ; seminibus coccineis.

Melanthium muscetoxicum, Walt. Car. p. 125.

M. letum, Ait. hort. Kew. (ed. 1,) p. 488; Willd. spec. 2, p. 267;

“ Thunb. in act. soc. nat. scrut. Hafn. (4,) 2, p. 19, t. 7,” fide Rem. §

Schult.

M. phalangioides, Desrouss. in Lam. enc. meth. 4, p. 27, et ill. gen.

t. 260.

M. densum, Desrouss. l. c. p. 26.

Leimanthium letum et pallidum (excl. syn. Michx.), Willd. in mag.

naturf. fr. 2, p. 24.

Helonias leta, Ker, bot. mag. t. 803; id. op. t- 1540.

H. erythrosperma, Miche. fl. 1, p. 212; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 242; Nutt.!

gen. 1, p. 234; Ell. bot. S. Car. & Georg. 1, p. 421; Torr. ! fl. 1, p.

369; Rom. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 1562; Darlingt. fl. Cest. (ed. 2,)\ p.

234.

Anthericum subtrigynum, Jacq. coll. 3, p. 273, et ic. rar. 2, t. 419.

Chrosperma (absq. nom. spec.) Raf. neogen.

Caulis sesquipedalis, obtusé angulosus. Folia radicalia pedalia, 3—4

(nune §) lin. lata, debilia: caulina (sepé vix ulla) sparsa, superioribus

ad bracteas diminutis. Racemus cylindraceus, densiflorus, 3—4 (rariis

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 123

8—9) une. longus. Pedicelli 5—10 lin. longi, filiformes, feré patentes,

bracteis scariosis ovato-lanceolatis plurimim longioribus. Flores albi

demim viridescentes, 3—4 lin. lati. Perianthii foliola stamina equan-

tia, nec basi nec apice angustata, venoso-striata. Anthere magne, al-

bide. Carpelia inferné tantim concreta, superné divaricata, 1—2-

sperma. Semina ovoidea, testi demtim carnos4 coccinea. — Junio

et Julio (in Georgia Maio) floret. Vulgd Fly-poison dicitur.

Hab. In umbrosis paludosis a Nova Cesarea! et Penn-

sylvania! ad Floridam! et Arkansam.

2. A. Nurrauiit; bulbo tunicato; foliis conduplicato-

carinatis, acutis ; perianthii foliolis (tenuibus) basi subunguic-

ulatis; carpellis apice /distinctis ; stylis subulatis contiguis ;

seminibus oblongis, teretibus.

&, racemo simplici.

Helonias angustifolia, Nutt. /! fl. Arkans. in trans. Am. phil. soc. (ser.

2,) 5, p. 154, non Michz.

8. racemo inferné composite, paniculato. (An conditio ab-

normis /)

Helonias paniculata, Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7, p. 57.

Caulis sesquipedalis, teres (inferné leviter sulcatus), sepits robustus

et juxta racemum attenuatus; bulbo tunicato magno, basi fibrillato.

Folia inferiora, 6—12 unc. longa, 2—4 lin. lata, subcrassa, margine

asperula, basi vaginantia, membranacea ; superiora breviora, attenuata;

summis membranaceis, bracteiformibus. Racemus multiflorus, 2—4

unc. longus, pedicellis (uncialibus) filiformibus: nunc racemo ampliore,

laxiore, inferné composito, ramis paniculatis, laxé 3—8-floris. Bractee

scariose, pedicellos vix #quantes; inferioribus sepé filiformi-setaceis.

Flores albi, magnitudine A. angustifolie. Perianthii foliola stamini-

bus paulo longiora, laté ovalia vel subovata (alterna angustiora), obtusi-

uscula, venoso-striata, basi subcordata vel rotundata, abrupte subun-

124 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

guiculata, macula flavida leviter notata. Anthere magne. Ovaria

(rarits 2) 7—8-ovulata, stylis brevibus subulata. Semina in singulis

carpellis 1—2, oblonga, testa laxa demim carnosé.

Hab. In Arkansa, Nuttall! Pitcher! &§ Leavenworth! et

Texas, Drummond !: in elevatioribus montium Rocky-Moun-

tains dictorum, et in Oregon, Nutiall! : prope Fort Vancouver,

Scouler !

Obs. Crescit (ex Nutt.) cum Kamassa esculenta, qua bulbi

nocentes viatoribus szepé confusi sunt.

3. A. ANGUSTIFOLIUM ; caule (gracili) basi non bulboso ;

foliis angustissimé linearibus, acutis; racemo simplici; foliolis

perianthii ovalibus, stylis filiformibus contiguis brevioribus ;

seminibus linearibus.

Helonias angustifolia, Michr.! fl. 1, p. 212; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 242;

Nutt. ! gen. 1, p. 234; Ell.! bot. S. Car. §& Georg. 1, p. 421; Torr.!

fl. 1, p. 369; Ram. & Schult. syst. 7, p. 1564.

H. leta 8 minor, Bot. mag. t. 1540.

Caulis 1—3-pedalis, teres. Folia feré omnia radicalia, pedalia et lon-

giora, 1—2 lin. lata, apicem versus sensim attenuata et carinato-trique-

tra; superioribus ad bracteas squameformes diminutis. Raeemus multi-

florus, 2—3 (demim s#pé 5) unc. longus. Pedicelli 5—6-lin. longi,

filiformes, ad apicem incrassati, erecto-patentes, bracteis scariosis lan-

ceolatis plurimim longiores. Flores albidi, 3—4 lin. lati. Perianthii

foliola staminibus pauld longiora, obtusa vel parum acutiuscula, basi

subangustata, leviter striata. Anthere flavide, dimidio minores quam

in A. muscatorico. Capsula \oculis 1—4-spermis. Semina linearia,

feré teretia, testa lax4 membranaceé basi apiceque vix producta.—

Maio—Junio floret.

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Reviswo. 125

Hab. In sylvis humidis (pinetis) Caroline superioris ! et in-

ferioris! Georgie! et Floride !

Obs. Helonias angustifolia, .Darlingt. fl. Cest. ed. 1. est

H. erythrosperma, Miche. fide Darlingt. ipsius in op. cit.

7 ae

4. A. LEIMANTHOIDES; caule (elato) basi non bulboso;

foliis linearibus, planis ; racemo composito, pyramidato ; peri-

anthii foliolis laté ovalibus, stylis linearibus longioribus ;

seminibus lanceolatis, compressis, apice alatis.

Helonias graminea, Ell. herb. fide Curtis, non Bot. mag.

Radix fibris crassis. Caulis teres, parum angulosus, 2—4-pedalis,

superné subnudus. ola pallidé viridia; inferiora 1—2-pedalia, 3 lin

lata, plana, subcarinata, obtusiuscula; superiora sparsa, sensim bre-

viora et acuta; summis 2—3 unc. longis, lineari-lanceolatis. Panicula

8—12 unc. longa; racemo terminali plis mints elongato, multifloro

lateralibus (5—6) simplicibus ; imis sepé subremotis. Pedicelli paten-

tes, graciles, demim 6—8 lin. longi, apice parum incrassati, bracteis lan-

ceolatis scariosis plurimum longiores. Flores albi, 4 lin. lati. Perian-

thit foliola demim recurva, staminibus paulo breviora, feré «qualia,

utrinqué obtusa, vix striata. Capsula laté ovato-conica, loculis 4-sper-

mis. Semina angusté membranaceo-marginata, apice alataa—Julio—

Augusto floret.

Hab. In paludosis Nove Cesaree (prope Haddonfield,

Durand!) Caroline sept. (monte Tuble-mountain dicto,

Curtis!), et prope Novum Aurelianum (Ingalls !).

126 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

Obs. Planta elegans inflorescentia foliisque Leimanthii, sed

floribus omnino Amianthii.

Helonias graminea herb. div. Elliottii, fide amic. Curtis,

sed descriptio ejus non quadrat.

5. A.? ASPERICAULE; caule floribusque pulverulento-

puberulis, asperiusculis; foliis caulinis lineari-lanceolatis,

planis ; racemulis subspicatis, floribus brev pr pee anEy brac-

teola minima sub perianthio.

Melanthium aspericaule, Poir. enc. methe suppl. 3, p. 628.

Hab. “In Carolina, Bose.” (V. sp. sic. valdé immaturam

prope Columbiam, Carolinz infer. lectam amico Curtis /)

Obs. Planta minimé cognita, a Poiret solim descripta,

tamen Sprengelio ad Tofieldiam glutinosam, et Schultzio ad

T. pubentem perperam ducta. In spec. Curtis.: Caulis (ima

pars adest) sesquipedalis, striatus, trifoliatus, pulverulento-

scaber. Folia striata plana, sensim acuta (juniora subtus et

margine puberula), glabra, basi latiora et semiamplectantia;

infimum feré 6-unciale; superiora sensim breviora; summis

ad bracteas diminutis. Panicula spiciformis, tomentoso-pu-

berula, 2 unc. longa, e racemulis plurimis (superioribus con-

fertis, imis longioribus et subdistantibus) 3—8-floris com-

positis. Flores inexpansi brevissime pedicellati, bractea

cymbiformi ovata striata breviores, bracteola minima juxta

perianthium muniti. Perianthii foliola (ante evolutionem) .

concava, ovali-obovata, basi subangustata (nec unguiculata).

Stamina basi perianthio inserta: anthere magna, extrose,

uniloculares. Styli brevissimii—Ad hoc genus non certé |

pertinet; specimen meum haud idoneum.

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 127

6. SCHGsNOCAULON. *

Frores hermaphroditi. Pertanrui foliola herbacea

(lineari-oblonga, obtusa), basi vix coalita, suberecta, exunguicu-

lata, eglandulosa. Stamina 6; filamentis subulatis cum

perianthio insertis, eodemque demum duplo longioribus. AN-

THER (magne) reniformes (loculis apice connatis et conflu-

entibus), post dehiscentiam clypeolate. Ovaria 3, angulis

internis concreta, 6—8-ovulata, stylis perbrevibus sensim apicu-

lata: stigmata simplicia minuta. CapsuLA.....

Cavuis bulbus tunicatus: folia omnia radicalia, caricina,

prelonga et angustissima, arida, subcanaliculata: scapus sim-

plicissimus, pergracilis, prorsus nudus: flores parvi, arcté

sessiles (singuli bractea minuta stipati), in spicam gracilem dis-

positi.

S. GRACILE.

Helonias? dubia, Michr. fl. 1, p. 213; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 244; Rem.

§ Schult. syst. 7, p. 1565.

Planta glaberrima, habitu multim Triglochini accedens. Bulbus

vaginis scariosis brunneis tectus. Folia suberecta, valdé striata, 1—2

ped. longa, vix lineam lata, superné attenuato-setacea. Scapus juncifor-

mis, teres seu inferné subangulosus, 2—3-pedalis. Spica virgata, 3—4

unc. longa; floribus primum confertis, denique laxé (alternatim) dispo-

sitis, bracteis ovatis scariosis duplo longioribus. Perianthii foliola pal-

* Nomen ab syowvos ( funis, juncus) et xavdov (caulis) derivatum.

128 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio.

lidé viridia, obtusa, subconcava, leviter 3—5-nervia. Filamenia feré

plana, retorsim sensim dilatata, perianthio primim breviora, demim

duplé longiora. Anthere@ ratione florum maxime. Capsula immatura

demum perianthio persistente longior, ovata, 3-loba, 3-partibilis, stylis

minutis apiculata. Ovula subovata, biseriata, ascendentia, anatropa.

Semina matura et capsulam non vidi.—Aprili et Maio floret.

Hab. In sabulosis Georgie et Floride, Michauz. In

Florida prope sinum Tampa-Bay dictum legit M. C. Leaven-

worth! Burrows! et Alden! (V. spp. in herb. cl. Torrey.)

7. XEROPHYLLUM. Miche.

Friores hermaphroditi. Prrtanruit foliola petaloidea

{ovalia), patentissima, exunguiculata, eglandulosa. STraMIna

6 ; filamentis deorsum admodum dilatatis, cum perianthio in-

sertis, idemque subequantibus vel superantibus. ANTHERZ

subrotundo-ovate, biloculares, apice et basi presertim emar-

ginate, sinum affixze, extrorse. Ovarium subglobosum, trilo-

bum, e carpellis tribus biovulatis arctius connatis compositum,

stigmatibus totidem lineari-filiformibus revolutis (an rectils styli

3 intus stigmatosi?) coronatum. CapsuLa subglobosa, sub-

triloba, coriacea, loculicidé dehiscens; loculis 2-spermis.

Semrna collateralia, erecta, oblonga, subcompressa, testa mem-

branacea apice plus minis producta.

Cau.es basi feré bulbescentes, radicibus fibrosis: folra

complura, arida, setacea ; radicalia numerosissima, in caespitem

densum conferta, angustissimé lineari-setacea: racemus sim-

plex, thyrsiformis, denique elongatus: pedicellis filiformibus

basi bracteatis, seu ebracteatis et bibracteolatis: flores speciosi,

albi.

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 129

Xerornyiium, Micha. fl. 1, p. 210; Willd. in mag. na-

turf. fr. 2, p. 29; Nutt. gen. 1, p. 234; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 370;

Rem. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 102.

HEton1& species, Linn: et auct.

Oss. Genus Heloniz nimis affine.

1. X. aSPHODELOIDEs ; pedicellis ebracteatis, bibracteo-

latis ; staminibus foliola perianthii ovalia demim equantibus.

X. asphodeloides, Nutt./ gen. 1, p. 235.

X. setifolium, Michz. fl. 1, p. 211; Poir. suppl. enc. meth. 5, p. 509

(excl. syn.); Torr.! fl.l.c.; Rem. § Schult. l. c. excl. syn. Melanth.

spicati Walt.

Helonias asphodeloides, Linn. spec. 485; Willd. spec. 2, p. 274;

Bot. mag. t. 748; Lam. enc. meth. 3, p 100; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 243; Ell.

bot. S. Car. & Georg. 1, p. 422.

Caults 3—5-pedalis, teres, pallidus, undiqué foliosus. Folia rigida,

basi subdilatata et crassiora, haud amplectantia, subtis carinata, supra

plana, margine minutissimé hispido-scabra ; radicalia undiqué reclinata,

pedalia et longiora, basin versus semi-lineam lata,sursim attenuato-acicu-

laria ; caulina sensim minora et graciliora. Pedicelli unciales et longiores,

infra medium spits bractea setaced muniti, altera minore sub flore.

Perianthii foliola pauci-striata, obtusa, 2 lin. longa, alterna (exteriora)

paulo breviora. Stamina filamentis crassis, imo valdé dilatatis et sub-

coalitis. Stigmata feré distincta, intis tota longitudine linea papulos4

notata. Capsula oblongo-subglobosa. Semina matura non vidi.

Hab. In arenosis et pinetis Nove Cesaree! et Caroline.

{In montibus Catawba-ridge dictis Carol. super., fide Nuctall.

2. X. TENAX; pedicellis inferioribus longé bracteatis,

ebracteolatis; staminibus (er icon.) foliola perianthii oblonga

excedentibus.

X. tenax, Nutt. gen. l. ec.

Helonias tenax, Pursh, fl. 1, p. 243, t. 9.

VOL. IV. 17

130 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio.

Hab. In montibus Rocky Mountains dictis (V. sp. sic

racemi fructiferi solum, ab amico celeberrimo Nuttallio benevole

communicatum.)

Obs. In icone citata styli filiformes stigmatibus subcap-

itatis desinentes falsé depicti sunt. Racemus fructifer speci-

minis Nuttallii est feré sesquipedalis, pedicellis numerosissimis

uncialibus, superioribus plerisque juxta basin bracteolatis,

ceteris nudis ; capsulis globosis ; seminibus vix angularibus,

testa laxa membranacea ad apicem et marginem internum

levissime producta.

8. HELONIAS.

Fiores hermaphroditi (rarius polygami) vel abortu dioici.

Pertanruit foliola (ligulata vel linearia) petaloidea, exungui-

culata, eglandulosa, patentia. Sramrva 6; filamentis (planis

basi non dilatatis) cum perianthio insertis, idemque demum

superantibus. ANTHERm® subrotunde, biloculares, basi bifide,

sinum aflixee, extrorse. Ovarrum subglobosum, trilobum, e

carpellis tribus pluriovulatis compositum, stigmatibus totidem

lineari-elongatis coronatum. CaprsuLa submembranacea, feré

obcordata tricocca, aut ovoidea trisulea ; loculis polyspermis.

SeMINA linearia vel oblonga, utrinque membranaceo-appendi-

culata seu alata.

HE Loni species, Auct.

{. HeLONIAS vera.

FLores hermaphroditi (quandoque polygami, fide Bot.

mag.) : stigmata revoluto-patentia : capsule lobi superné gib-

boso-producti et divergentes quasi tricocci, dehiscentia locu-

licida ; loculis polyspermis: semzna linearia, utrinqué appen-

diculata.

r +4

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 181

Ravrx carnosa : folia omnia feré radicalia, conferta: scapus

simplex, fistulosus: racemus spicatus, ovatus vel cylindraceus,

densus: flores (pedicellis ebracteatis vel bracteis caducis)

purpurascentes: anthere cxrulex.

Hetontas, Linn. (excl. H. asphodelioid.) Juss. gen. p. 47.

#2). (H, SULLATA.

Helonias bullata, Linn. spec. 485, et Amen. acad. 3, p. 12, t. 1, fig.

1 (excl. syn. Pluk. etc.) ; Willd. spec. 2, p. 273, & in mag. naturf. fr.

2, p. 29; Bot. mag. t. 747; Bot. cab. t.961; Redout. Lil. t. 13; Rem.

§; Schult. syst. 7, p. 1561.

H. latifolia, Michz. fl. 1, p- 212; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 242; Torr. fl. 1,

p. 369.

Veratrum Americanum, racemo simplicissimo, ete. Mill. dict. (ed. 8,)

no. 4.

Radix crassa, premorsa, amara, fibrosa. Folia spathulata, lanceolata,

vel oblonga, feré pedalia, vix sesqui-unc. lata, mucronata, plana, inferné

longé sensim attenuata quasi petiolata. Scapus pedalis et altior, basi

tumidus et squamis membranaceis vestitus, supra crassiusculus, feré

nudus, squamis sparsis minimis vel obsoletis, ad apicem attenuatus.

Racemus 1—3 unc. longus, densiflorus ; pedicellis colore et longitudine

florum. Perianthii foliola ligulato-oblonga, obtusa, feré 2 lin. longa.

Ovarium fusco-purpureum.—Maio floret.

Hab. In paludosis Nove Czsaree! Pennsylvanize!

Marilandiz, et (fide Pursh) Virginie.

Obs. In Amen. Acad. 1. c. (etiamque in Enc. Meth. t. 268,)

stigmata capitata stylos filiformes coronantia impropié depicta

sunt.

132 Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio.

2, Suscen. CHAMALIRIUM.

Fores dioici; staminiferi quandoque rudimento ovarii;

pistilliferi filamentis parvis sterilibus: perzanthii foliola angusté

linearia, obtusa: capsula ovoidea, superné septicidé (et locu-

licidé?) dehiscens; loculis 4—S-spermis: semina oblonga,

vix compressa, utrinqué laté membranaceo-alata.

Raprx premorsa: caulis gracilis, superné subnudus ; folia

radicalia plura, obovato-spathulata seu oblonga: caulina sparsa,

angustiora: racemus spicatus, denique virgatus, densiflorus :

flores (pedicellis ebracteatis vel bracteis caducis) albidi.

Cuama.inium, Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2, p. 19. (cha-

racter pessimus.)

Opntosracuys, Redout. Lil. t. 464.

Dicuinorrys, Raf. neogen. (1825) p. 3.

2. H.(CHAMAL.) DioIca.

Helonias dioica, Pursh, fl. 1, p. 243, (excl. syn. Lam. enc.); Ell.

bot. S. Car. §& Georg. 1, p. 423; Torr.! fl. 1, p. 370; Darlingt. fl.

Cest. (ed. 2,) p. 233.

H. pumila, Jacq. coll. 2, p. 260, § ic. rar. 2, t. 253; Willd. spec. 2,

p- 275.

H. lutea, Ait. hort. Kew. (ed. 2,) 2, p. 330; Bot.mag. t. 1062; Rem.

§ Schult. syst. 7, p. 1565.

Veratrum luteum, Linn. spec. 1479, § Amen. acad. 3, t. 1, fig. 23

Willd. spec. 4, p. 896; Barton, elem. bot. t. 2, fig. 9; Nutt.! gen. 1,

p- 233.

Melanthium dioicum, Walt, Car. p. 126.

M. luteum, Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2, p. 23.

Chamelirium Carolinianum, Willd. l. c. p. 19.

Radix crassa, amara, fibrosa. Caulis 1—2-(in planté fertili sepé 3-)

pedalis, striato-sulcatus. Folia pallidé viridia; radicalia rosulata, 3~—6

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 133

unc. longa, inferné attenuata quasi petiolata; caulina sursim sensim

minora, oblanceolata vel linearia, acuta. Racemus sterilis, 2—6 unc.

longus, flaccidus; floribus confertis; pedicellis patentissimis floribus

paulo longioribus : fertilis robustior, sepiis multoties longior (1—2-ped.),

strictus, pedicellis suberectis. Perianthii foliola 1-nervia, inconspicua ;

flor. ster. (alterna primim ceteris longiora) deorsim subangustata, sta-

minibus breviora; flor. fertil. ovarium vix equantia, filamentis sterilibus

longiora. Capsula acutiuscula vel obtusa, nunc obovata, feré triloba,

et ad suturas dorsales leviter sulcata. Semina fusca, membrana tenui

alba cincta, et basi apiceque alata. Maio—Junio florct.

Vulgo. Blazing-star, Devil’s-bit.

Hab. In pratis humidis et umbrosis a Canada! et Ohio!

usque ad Georgiam! et Arkansam !

Obs. Forté genus proprium. Ex cl. Darlington ovarium

quandoque 4 carpellis compositum est. (conf. fl. Cest.)

9. TOFIELDIA, Huds.

Fores hermaphroditi, involucro trifido vel triphyllo remo-

siusculo calyculati. Prrtanruti foliola petaloidea, concava,

exunguiculata, eglandulosa, plus minus patentia. Stamina 6;

filamentis basi perianthii foliolorum insertis, eademque equanti-

bus. ANTHERZ# cordato-subrotunde, biloculares, sinum aflixe,

introrse vel in nonnullis innate. Ovaria 3, plus minus con-

creta, pluriovulata : styli brevissimi stigmatibus simplicibus vel

subcapitatis desinentes. CapsuLta submembranacea vel co-

riacea, ovata, 3-loba, demum tripartibilis ; carpellis gibbosis,

polyspermis, intis (et superné ad dossum) dehisce~’”

Semina oblonga, subarcuata, angulata seu ute’

134 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

Cautes scapiformes, non bulbescentes: folza pleraque

radicalia, equitantia : flores spicati aut racemosi, albidi, vires-

centi-flavidi, rariusve sordide coccinei ; pedicellis solitariis aut

2—3-natis, bracteis parvis stipatis.

Torretpia, Huds. fl. Angl. p. 157; Smith. fl. Brit. p. 397,

et in trans. soc. Linn. 12, p. 238; Dryand. in Ait. hort.

Kew. 2, p. 8324; Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2, p. 27; Nutt. gen.

1, p. 235; Wahl. fl. Suec. 1, p. 225; Torr. fl. 1, p. 371;

Ram. § Schult. syst.'7, p. 103.

ANTHERICUM, Linn. gen. ed. 1.

NarTHECIUM, Juss. gen. p. 47; Lam. il. gen. t. 268;

Miche. fl. p. 209.

Istprocatvia, Ruiz ¥ Pavon, fl. Per. 3, p. 69, t. 502.

Conrapia seu Lepritix, Raf. neogen. p. 3.

Hesperia, Gmel. jl. Baden.

Herirera, Schrank.

Oss. ‘Tofieldie § Triantha (per proximum Narthecium)

Melanthaceas Junceis alligat. Narthecium Huds. quod ob

stylos in unicum coalitos Melanthaceis excludendum, Juncis

foliis equitantibus seu complanatis accedit; quorum J. castaneus,

Smith pesertim semina utrinqué membranaceo-caudata habet.

1. TorFIELDIA vera.

Spica (vel racemus spicatus) genuina, modo florendi cen-

tripeto: pedicelli sepissimé solitares: anther@ introrse : semina

ecaudata.

Herp glabre.

1. 'T. panustris; caule filiformi feré aphyllo ; capitulo

ovato ; involucris tripartitis pedicellos brevissimos fulcrantibus ;

perianthii foliolis obovatis, albidis.

te +o

Melanthacearum America Septentrionalis Revisio. 185

Tofieldia palustris, ‘* Huds. fl. Angl. l.c. (excl. syn.) ;’ Smith, Eng.

bot. t. 536, § in trans. soc. Linn. 12, p. 239; Richards. app. Frankl.

journ. (ed. 2,) p. 11; Rem. § Schult. syst. 7, p. 1579.

T. borealis, Wahl. fl. Lapp. p. 89, § fl. Suec. 1, p. 225; Richards.

bc. ed: 1.

T. alpina, Sternb.; Spreng, syst. 2, p. 148.

T. pusilla, Willd. mag. naturf. fr. l. c.; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 246.

T. (Trianth.) pusilla, Nutt. gen. 1, p. 236.

Anthericum calyculatum 8. Linn. fl. Suec. 288, & fl. Lapp. (ed. 2,)

p- 103, ¢. 10, fig. 3; Fl. Dan. t. 36.

Helonias borealis, Willd. spec. 2, p. 274.

Narthecium boreale, Wahl. nov. act. Holm. 26, p. 24.

N. pusillum, Miche. fl. 1, p. 209.

Hab. In paludosis, graminosis, ete. Americe arctic, et

ab Unalaschka! usque ad lacum Mistassins.

Obs. Cl. Nuttallio perperam ad subgenus suum Triantha

ducit.

2. 'T. coccinea ; caule (erubescente) plerumqué diphyllo ;

spica capitata ; involucris triphyllis ad flores feré sessiles ap-

proximatis ; perianthii foliolis angusté obovatis, viridi-coccineis.

Tofieldia coccinea, Richards. app. Frankl. journ. (ed. 2,) p. 11;

Rem. § Schult. syst.7, p. 1580; Hook. § Arn.! bot. Beechey, p.

130, t. 29 (bis).

Hab. Ad oras maris hyperborei, Richardson; in Una-

laschka, Chamisso ; et ad fretum Kotzebuanum, Beechey !

Obs. An priore satis diversa? Specimen Unalaschkense in

herb. cl. Torreyi (sub nom. 7’. borealis cl. Fischer communi-

catum) utrumque connectere videtur.

_ : ;

136 MlesihacSon Mee Septentrionalis Revisio.

38. T. sTENopETALA, Smith.

T. stenopetala, racemo cylindraceo, bracteis calycem superantibus,

caule glabro diphyllo, petalis lanceolatis acutis.—Smith, in trans. soc.

Linn. 12, p. 243, t. 8, fig. 1.

Hab. ‘* Gathered by Kalm in North America, but in what

part we are unable to determine. ‘Three of his specimens are

preserved in the Linnean herbarium.” Smith, l. c.

Obs. Planta Linneo cum T. palustri §& T. alpina

omnino confusa, et secundum Smith huic nimis affinis, in Ame-

rica-boreali nullo nisi Kalmio detecta est. An specimina Kalmii

vero in America aut in Europa-boreali lecta? Plantas siccas e

Gothlandia sub. nom. 7’. calyculata (T. alpina, Smith) a cl.

Agardh et Casstrom miserunt, in herb. cl. Torreyi examinavi,

que descriptione tabulaque T. stenopetale Smith bené qua~

drant ; presertim antheris cordatis acutis, nec apice emarginatis

ut in JT’. calyeulata.

4. T. guasra; caule inferné foliato; racemo elongato,

densifloro ; involucris trifidis floribus approximatis; carpellis

apice distinctis, stylis vix ullis.

Tofieldia glabra, Nutt.! gen. 1, p. 235, & in trans. Am. phil. soc.

(ser. 2.) 5, p. 153; Ram. & Schult. syst. 7, p. 1574.

T. glaberrima, Mac Bride, in Ell. ! bot. S. Car. § Georg. 1, p, 424;

Ram. § Schult. l.c. p. 1570; Spreng. syst. 2, p. 144.

Radir fasciculata ex Nutt., feré tuberosa ex Ell. Caulis 2—3-pe-

dalis, supra basin 2—3-foliatus. Folia feré T'. pubentis. Racemus spici-

formis, cylindricus, 1—5 unc. longus; pedicellis (confertis, interdim bi-

natis) longitudine florum, bracteis subulatis pauld longioribus, Flores

paululam majores quam in 7’. pubente, virescenti-albi. |Perianthii foliola

ovali-oblonga. Filamenta crassé subulata, complanata, inferné sensim

dilatata, demim plana, 1-nervia. Anthere oblonge, introrse ; loculis

inferne distinctis et subdivergentibus. Capsula triloba, denique tripar-

tibilis; carpellis S—L0-spermis, stylo brevissimo apiculatis: stigmata

subcapitata. Semina lineari-oblonga.

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 137

Hab. In paludosis et pratis humidis propé Wilmington

Caroline super. Nuttall! et Curtis! prope Columbiam, Ca-

roline, infer. (MacBride), et in Arkansa (Nuttall),

Obs. Facie feré T. pubentis ; floribus specierum verarum.

Sprengel perperam ad 7’. cernwam ducit.

2. Suscen. TRIANTHA. Nutt.

Spica racemiformis, e fasciculis alternis swepits 3-floris

composita, modo florendi centrifugo: anthere innate : semina

utrinque subulato-caudata.

Hers caulibus pedicellisque pulverulento-pubentibus vel

glandulosis.

5. T. (TrIanTHA) PUBENS; caule subnudo, asperiusculé

pulverulento-pubente ; spica multiflora e fasciculis subdistan-

tibus ; capsula vix perianthium superante.

Tofieldia pubens, Dryand. in Ait. hort. Kew. (ed. 2,) p. 326; Ell. bot.

S. Car. § Georg. 1, p. 424. Smith, in trans. soc. Lin. 12, p. 245;

Torr.! fl. 1, p. 371; Spreng. syst. 2, p. 144; Rem. § Schult. syst. 7,

' p. 1570.

T. pubescens, Pers. syn. 1, p. 399; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 246; Redout.

Lil. t. 224.

T.(Triantha) pubescens, Nutt. gen. 1, p. 236.

Melanthium racemosum, Walt. Car. p. 126, non Michz.

Narthecium pubens, Michz. fl. 1, p. 209.

Anthericum calyculatum, Linn. hort. Cliff.; Gron. Virg. fide Smith.

Rhizoma horizontalis, subindé tuberosa ex auct. Folia linearia, elon-

gata. Scapus feré nudus, supra (pedicellisque prasertim) pubescentia

subglandulari. Spica 1—4 unc. longa, fasciculis imis internodis breviori-

bus. Pedicelli floribus parim longiores, singuli bractea parva, et fasci-

culo bractea communi minima stipati; involucro tridentato sub flore.

Perianthium viridescenti-albidam ; foliolis oblongo-obovatis, alternis

VOL. Iv. 18

138 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

brevioribus. Filamenta subulata, perianthium equantia. Anthere

(grisee vel purpurascentes) breviter oblong, basi bifida, demim subcor-

date. Capsula brunnea, ovata, subtriloba; carpellis ad apicem coalitis,

dorso carinatis. stylis divergentibus subulatis desinentibus —Julio—

Sept. floret.

Hab. In pinetis humidis et sylvis herbosis, a Delaware ad

Alabamam! et Floridam!

6. T. (TriantHa) GLurinosa; caule inferne folioso,

seabridé glanduloso; spica pauciflora e fasciculis approxi-

matis ; capsula perianthium superante.

Tofieldia (Triantha) glutinosa, Nutt. gen. 1, p. 236.

T. glutinosa, Willd. in mag. naturf. fr. 2, p.29; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 246 ;

Smith, in trans. soc. Lin. 12, p. 246, t. 8, fig. 2; Spreng. syst. 7, p-

144 (excl. syn.); Rem. & Schult. syst. 7, p. 1571; Bongard, veg. Sit-

cha, |. c. p. 167.

Narthecium glutinosum, Michx. fl. 1, p. 210.

Rhizoma horizontale, subligneum, fibris longis simplicibus. Caulis pe-

dalis, gracilis, superné nudus (quandoque folio bracteiformi) glandulis

glutinosis asperulisque conspersus, inferné foliosus. Folia breviora quam

in 7’. pubente, feré obtusa, Spica fere uncialis; fasciculis (4A—6, sepé

1-floris) coarctatis. Pedicelli asperulo-pubentes, sepé glandulosi, flores

vix #quantes, braeted communi lata semiamplectante, et singuli bractea

minima stipati: involucrum vix tridentatum et quasi truncatum a flore

paululim distans. Perianthii foliola oblonga vel ovali-obovata, alternis

paulo longioribus. Filamenta perianthium demim paulo superantia.

Anthere fusew, brevioresquam in T’. pubente, demim rotundo-cordate.

Capsula perianthio persistente feré duplo longior, ovata, apice purpuras-

cente; earpellis ad apicem coalitis, stylis brevibus vix divergentibus

abrupté desinentibus ; stigmata feré capitata.

Hab. In sylvis Canadz (a Quebec! ad lacum Mistassins

Michaur) Michigan! Ohio! Indiana! et Americe bor.-oce

usque ad insulam Siteha! Ruthenorum.

Obs. Melanthium aspericaule, Poi. quod Sprengel ad hane

et Rom. & Schult. ad T. pubentem ducit, est Amianthis

species.

Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio. 139

10. PLEEA. Miche.

Frores hermaphroditi. Prrranrun foliola (lanceolata)

petaloidea, basi subcoalita, exunguiculata, eglandulosa, stella-

tim patentissima. Stamina 9—12! ; filamentis subulato-seta-

ceis cum perianthio insertis, eodemque brevioribus. ANTHER®

lineares, basi bifide, sinum aflixe (versatiles), introrse, bilocu-

lares ; valvis post dehiscentiam dorso ad dorsum appressis.

Ovaria 3, angulis internis coalita, pluriovulata, — stylis

brevibus subulata: stigmata simplicia. CapsuLa coriacea,

ovata, triloba ; carpellis polyspermis, dorso carinatis, intus

dehiscentibus. Semina oblonga, apice setaceo-caudata.

CauLes graciles, junciformes, e rhizomatibus cespitosis ;

radiibus fibrosis rubris: folza (pleraque radicalia) disticha,

sempervirentia, arida, equitantia, angustissima, acutissima ;

vaginis foliorum radicalium cequitantibus, caulinorum convo-

luto-amplectantibus, marginibus non coalitis : racemus simplex,

pauci-(plerumque 6-) florus: bractee spathacee (vaginis foli-

orum superiorum similes,) pedicellos singulos bibracteolatos

includentes: flores pallidé crocei ex Michr. et Nutt.! albidi

extus viridescentes er Bot. mag.

Preea, Michz. fl. 1, p. 247, t. 25; Pursh, fl. 1, p. 275;

Nutt.! gen. 1, p. 261; Ell. bot. S. Car. § Georg. 1, p. 465;

Spreng. syst. 2, p. 264; Bot. mag. t. 1956.

Priza. Pers. syn. 1, p. 451.

Oss. Genus distinctissimum, affine hie Tofieldie illic

Zigadeno. Stigmata sessilia ex Michaux sunt recté styli

breves stigmatibus simplicibus desincntes.

140 Melanthacearum Americe Septentrionalis Revisio.

P. vrenvurrouta. Miche. l. c. et Auct. cit.

Pedalis vel bipedalis. Folia radicalia S—12 unc. longa, feré lineam

lata, sensim acutissima; laminis infra apicem vagine ortis; caulina

perpauca; summa lamina brevi, setacea. Bractee oblonge, convolute,

pedicellum penitis involventes, cuspidate. Pedicelli unciales, angulati,

medio 2 bracteolis parvis alternis muniti. Perianthii foliola feré arida,

subequalia, acuta. Filamenta ad apicem attenuata; antheris fuscis.

Capsula fusco-purpurascens, perianthio persistente brevior ; carpellis sub-

cymbeformibus, intis (et sepé dorso demim) dehiscentibus. Semina

plurima, brunnea, biseriata, basi vix appendiculata, apice subitd cauda

gracillima instructa.

Hab. In udis apertis Caroline superioris propé Wilming-

ton, Delile! Nuttall! Curtis! et in Carol. infer. fide Michauz.

Melanthacee Boreali-Americane mihi ignote sunt,

1. Metanruium spicatum, Walt. Car. p. 125. (An

hujus ordinis ?)

2. HeELontas GRAMINEA, Bot. mag. t. 1599. (Iconem non

vidi.)

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Vol. EV. . FEBRUARY, i846. | No. 5. |

ANNALS ,

dr THE

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY |

OF ;

| NEW-YORK.

) .

:. Hi

oy f

es NEW-YORK:

{ PUBLISHED FOR THE LYCEUM,

ij BY STANFORD AND SWORDS, 139, BROADWAY.

: 1846.

Tv jo ; vee R. Gown, PPR 193, walbis-steped. | Sea “tq

~ y

Tue Corresponding Members of the Lyceum or Narurat His-

Tory are respectfully requested to forward communications on any

subjects connected with the Natural Sciences, to the Secretary of

the Society. Chemical Examinations of Animal, Vegetable and

Mineral substances, will be acceptable, as well as Descriptions and

Accounts of any new objects, in the three kingdoms of Nature.

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Monoerarn of the Species oF Pastmacnus wnhabiting the Unirep

Sraves ; with Descriptions of two New Genera, belonging to

the family Carasica. By Joun L. Le Contr. Read Novem-

ber 9th, 1845.

The genus Pasimachus was established by Bonelli, on two

large North American Carabica, described by Fabricius as Scavites;

a species discovered by Palisot de Beauvois was found to be con-

generic with them, and shortly afterwards our distinguished com-

patriot, Mr. Say, described a fourth species. A fifth was detected

in Mexico, and yery recently Mr. Haldeman has added to the

Fauna of the United States another, which he communicated to

the scientific world, through the Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia.

Having collected a great number of specimens from different

parts of our country, on submitting them to examination, several

new species were rendered apparent, and in view of this fact, it

was thought necessary to prepare a short notice of them. To facil-

itate the determination of these, it was deemed expedient to

introduce descriptions of the species heretofore mentioned by au-

thors, more especially as several important characters appear to

have been overlooked. The paper has thus assumed somewhat

the form of a monograph, though I should scarcely wish to dignify

a work so imperfect by such a name.

To avoid repetition, I follow the example of Westwood in class-

ing with the generic marks, all those characters which appear to

be constant in every species, although of such slight importance as

scarcely to be regarded essential to the constitution of the genus.

Pasimachus is near’y allied to Scarites, Acanthoscelis, Oxygna-

thus, Carenum, and several other genera of the Scaritides, by means

of its obtuse maxille; in the first of these genera the tooth with which

this orean is usually terminated, exists in a very rudimentary state,

and in the others it is not perceptible. In its dentated mandibles

it resembles Carenum, Scarites, and a few others. By the well-

marked posterior angles of the thorax, it exhibits a leading off to-

142 Species of Pasimachus

wards Morio, Catadromus, and the other allied genera of the Har-

palide. An approach to this is also visible in the genus Carenum ;

some of the species of which resemble Pasimachus depressus in the

form of the thorax.

Another link in this chain will be found in the gémus Euryde-

rus, Which with the head and body of a Harpalide, combines the

palmated tibiz of Scarites and its allies ; in some minor points, this

genus exhibits a relation to Daptus, and the other androgynomor-

phous Harpalide, while the genus Gnathoxys, (Westwood,) uni-

ting to the oral organs of the Feronide, the antenne, feet, and

pedunculated abdomen of Scarites, affords still another point in

the chain of affinitus.

The last insect described in this paper, (which is probably con-

generic with Helluo pygmeus (Dej.) of which, however, I do not

possess a specimen,) I regard as forming one of the line of analo-

gies connecting the Brachinide, and Harpalide, the Scaritidz also

tending towards the same point; in the form of the antenne and

body, it closely resembles some of the species of Ozana, while its

oral organs approximate it to Morvo.

PASIMACHUS Bonelli.

Corpus subelongatum, parallelum, apterum.

Capur latum, subquadratum, depressum, impressione utrinque

a labio quadrante exteriore, postice tendente, et inter oculos cess-

ante, lineaque obliqua ab angulis anticis rectis, ad impressionem,

notatum.

Manprsuc late, valida, acute, dentate, dente lato, sinistro

emarginato. ‘Tab. L., c.

MaAxILu& apice rotundate, intus dense barbate. Tab. I., a.

Lasrum breye, latum, rugulosum, antice utrinque sinuatum.

Laxium articulatum, magnum, antice utrinque profunde emar-

ginatum, ita ut trilobatum videtur, lobo exteriore rotundeto, medio

minore, apice fere acuto. Tab. L., 4.

Pari labiales e radiculis, ad lobi medii latus orientes, articulis

duobus liberis, lmo elongato, cylindrico, 2ndo sesqui minore, ob-

inhabiting the United States. 143

conico, apice paulo truncato. Tab. 1.4.: mazillares externi arti-

culo Imo crassiusculo, paulo incurvato, 2ndo breviore elongato,

3i0 obconico, truncato: intern?, filiformes, articulis, duobus «quali-

bus. Tab. I., a.

ANTENN& ante oculos ad mandibularum basin, fovea profunda,

inserte, articulo Imo longiore, crassiore, superne concayiusculo

2ndo reliquis zquante, excepto tertio paulo longiore, ultimo ovato,

fere acuto.

OcuL1 parvi, rotundati.

THorAx subcordatus, vel subquadratus, antice leviter emargi-

natus, angulis anticis acutis, postice medio obtusangulariter emargi-

natus, lateribus plus minusve, et precipue ad basin, depressus;

plerisque impressio obsoleta a margine ad impressiomen basalem

extendit, que, impressio basalis exterior vocetur.

Exytra parallela, quibusdam convexa, aliis fere depressa, mar-

gine reflexo, postice, tum valde rotundato ex elytrorum conyexitate,

tum subacuminata videntur.

PrpEs mediocres, postici longiores.

Tinie antice subpalmate, interne emarginatz, externe denti-

bus tribus, duobus anticis longis validis armate : intermedia cras-

siuscule, margine exteriore ciliis dentibusque minutis instructo,

spinaque terminali valida, longa, obtusa: spinis duabus internis

gracilibus acutis : posticw longiores, graciliores, ciliis dentibusque

eodem modo, spina externa brevi, internis duabus, longis, acutis.

Tarstr filiformes, articulis primis longioribus, reliquis, anticis

brevibus, triangularibus: intermediis obconicis, posticis vero cylin-

dricis, omnibus infra ciliatis.

Uneues simplices, graciles.

Larva P. elongati, latebram profundam in solo format, ibique

mores larve Cicindele simulat, capite ad os latebrae apposito,

predam expectat, et victimam infelicem propius instantem, ferociter

corripit : P. marginati, et aliorum, sub arborum emortuarum cortice

Wictitant.

144 Species of Pasimachus

Species hujus generis turmas tres efformant, scilicet :

§ 1. Elytra levia, pone basin paulo dilatata, apice sub acum?

nata: tho: ax lateribus valde rotundatis, ad basin contractus, angu-

lis recurvis. ane

§2. Elytra leviter striata, parallela, apice subrotundata : thorax

(P. obsoleto exceptis) lateribus vix arcuatis, basi paulo angustior.

§ 3. Elytra sulcata, vel costis elevatis instructa, planiuscula,

apice sub acuminata ; thorax lateribus depressis, vix arcuatis, basi

paulo angustior.

corpore angustiore, convexiore.

( 8

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a VIX conspicuis substriatus.

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énhabiting the United States. 145

§ 1.. ELYTRA LGVIA.

Sp.1. depressus.

Niger, nitidus ; thorace et elytris, cyaneo-marginatis, illo im-

pressionibus basalibus levibus ; maudibulis glabris.

Habitat in provinciis australibus. Tab. L, fz. 1.

Scarites depressus. abr. Systema Eleuth. Vol. L, p, 128,

Niger nitidus. Capwé, impressionibus frontalibus rectis leevi-

bus, linea levi ad angulum capitis anteriorem extendente, rugulis

paucis indistinctis notata; mandibula glabree ; labrum utrinque ad

latera impressum, longitudinaliter rugosum; antenne articulis qua-

tuor primis nitidis, ceteris brunneo pilosis. Thorax lateribns

tenuiter cyaneo-marginatus, linea longitudinali levi; impressione

transversa antica margine approximata, ad latera distincta, medio

leviter notata ; basalibus levibus, subtriangularibus, posticé incur-

vis, rugulis paucis indistinctis notatis : impressione basali exteri-

ore lata, levi. Elytra glabra convexa, lateribus rotundata, apice

subacuminata, tenuiter cyaneo-marginaia, lirea punctorum elato-

rum juxta marginem reflexum signata; carina brevi acuta, a hu-

mero infra tendente, que carina humeralis vocetur. Tvbie postice

spina interior exteriore duplo longior.

* Sp. 2. morio.

Niger, levis; mandibulis glabris ; thorace impressionibus basa-

libus profundioribus, posticé connexis.

Habitat in Carolina. a Dom. Zimmerman receptus. Tab. I.

Mio.

Statura fere preecedentis, sed paulo latior, et minus nitidus ;

Caput impressionibus frontalibas paulo !ongioribus, linea solita

versus angulum tendente exterius dilatata fossulaque levi interna

paulo pone juncturam ; mandibule et an'enne sicut in praecedente ;

labrum antice sinuatum, fossulis rugisque pluribus notatum,

Thorax lateribus minus rotundatis; impressione transversa ante-

riore margine approximata, medio fere obsoleta; linea longitudi-

nali levissima; impressione transversa posteriore fortiter notata

146 Species of Pasimachus

cum basalibus parallelis longioribus levibus juncta; basalibus ex-

terioribus levioribus. E/ytra lateribus paulo rotundioribus, carina

humerali serieque punctorum ut in precedente instructa; tie

posticee spina interior brevior.

Sp. 3. punctulatus.

Niger, nitidus, sub cyaneo-marginatus; mandibulis transverse

leviter rugosis, impressionibus frontalibus profundis, rugosis, linea

obliqua rugulis plurimis ; impressionibus thoracis basalibus subru-

gosis, posticé subcoéuntibus ; elytris lineis punctorum plus minusue

distinctis.

Habitat in Alabama, Texas, et ad flumen Arkansas prope mon-

tes. Tab I., fig. 3.

Pasimachus punctulatus, Haldeman, Proceeding Ac. Nat. So.,

Phil); Vol: £; p::299.

Sequenti similimus, sed major, et subcyaneo-marginatus ; Jab-

rum crebre striatum ; caput impressionibus profundioribus rugosis,

linea obliqua solita striolis transversis. Thorax lineis transversis

erebris undulatis, impressionibus basalibus undulato-rugosis, inte-

rius approximatis. E/ytra lineis pluribus punctorum indistincto-

rum, que interdum cessant.

* Sp. 4. laevis.

Niger, nitidus; mandibulis transversé leviter rugosis ; impres-

sionibus frontalibus minus profundis, linea obliqua fossuliformi ;

thoracis basalibus subtriangularibus, levibus.

Habitat New Jersey. ‘Tab. I., fig. 4.

Niger nitidus ; corpus latiusculam. Mandibule rugulis trans-

versis notatee ; /abium utrinque ad latera impressum anticeque

leviter sinuatum ; fossulis rugisque pluribus notatum ; impression-

ibus frontalibus minus profundis, interne dilatatis ; linea solita in

fossulam profundam ad angulum dilatata. T'heraz lateribus valde

rotundatus, postice valde retractus ; impressionibus basalibus rec-

tis lavibus, exteriore transyersa, recta, levi. H/ytra omnino ut

in depresso.

inhabiting the United States. 147

* Sp. 5. elongatus.

Angustior; niger, nitidus; thorace, elytrisque cyaneo-margina-

tus ; mandibulis, labio, impressionibusque capitis et thoracis rugo-

sis ; carina humerali longiore.

Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi ubique. Tab. I., fig. 5.

Pasimachus depressus, var. a. Say. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc.,

New Series, Vol. IL., p. 19.

Niger nitidus ; corpus angustius, convexiusculum ; mandibule

transverse rugose, /abrum fortiter striatum, versus medium utrin-

que impressum ; impressionibus frontalibus profundis, rugulis paucis

indistinctis ; linea obliqua fortiter impressa, rugis notata. Thorax

lateribus minus rotundatus ceruleo-marginatus ; impressione trans-

versa anteriore ad latera profunda, medio obsoleta; linea longitu-

dinali satis distincta; basalibus triangularibus profundis, rugulis

paucis notatis. H/ytra longiora, angustiora, apice minus subacu-

minata, cceruleo-marginata, lineis punctorum levibus notata, que

sicut in punctulato, interdum obso'etz sunt.

§ 2. ELYTRA STRIATA.

* Sp.6. substriatus.

Niger, nitidus, subcyaneo-marginatus; mandibulis oblique striatis

impressionibus frontalibus postice obsoletis, antice rugosis ; thora-

cis impressionibus parvis, triangularibus, profundis, rugosis ; elytris

levissime striatis, transverseque rugosis.

Habitat Long Island, provincie Novi Eboraci. Tab. I., fig. 6.

Pasimachus substriatus, LeConte, per Halderman, Proceed.

Ac. Nat. Se. Phil. Vol. I. p. 313.

Niger, nitidus, subcyaneo-marginatus ; caput rugulis paucis

pone oculos ; impressionibus frontalibus postice vix conspicuis, an-

tice rugis paucis, linea obliqua profunda, valida, rugulis notata ;

labrum rugosum, antice medio tridentatum, dente intermedio ma-

jore, rotundato ; mandibula oblique striate. Thorax rugulis paucis

ad latera, margine subcyanea, angulis posticis obtusis ; impressione

148 Species of Pasimachus

transversa anteriore, medio obsoleta; linea longitudinali satis dis-

-tincta, impressione lata levi ad dodrantem ; impressionibus basali-

bus parvis, profundis, triangularibus, rugis paucis brevibus notatis.

E/ytra parallela, convexa, apice subacuminato-rotundata, cyaneo-

marginaia, levissime et obsoletissime striata, striis latis, exteriori-

bus paulo evidentioribus, rugis nonnullis obsoletis transversis,

Tibic intermediz breviuscule.

* Sp. 7. obsoletus.

Niger, nitidus; mandibulis leviter striatis; impressionibus

frontalibus profundis, rugosulis notatis ; basalibus profundis, rugo-

sis, incurvatis ; elytris sulcis tribus exteris evidentioribus, reliquis

obsoletis, linea simplici punctorum notatis.

Habitat ad flumen Platte, prope Rocky Mountains. Tab. L,

Jig. 7.

Niger nitidus subeyaneo-marginatus. Mandibule leviter stria-

te ; dobrum utringue striatum, medio magis exstans, leeve ; impres-

siones frontales profunde, marginem anticum capitis attingentes,

rugosulis pluribus notatez; linea obliqua valida. Thorax postice

retractus, margine rotundatus, angulis posticis rectis ; impressioni-

bus basalibus profundis, rugosis incurvatis, medio fere coeuntibus ;

linea longitudinali tenui. J2/ytra minus parallela, pone lhumeres

paulo dilatata ; propterea, sectionis prime formam assumit corpus ;

sulcis duobus externis distinctis, tertioque satis notato, reliquis ob-

soletissimis, lineis quinque punctorum simplicibus substituuis, Ca-

teris precedentes assimilat.

* Sp. 8. assimilis.

Niger, nitidus, subcyaneo-marginatus ; mandibulis oblique stri-

atis impression’bus frontalibus rugulis paucis anticis; thorace ru-

guloso; impressionibus basalibus levibus; elytris opaciusculis,

striatic, striis leviter rugose-punctatis.

Habitat in Georgia, rarius. Tab. I., fig. 8.

Niger nitidus, subeyaneo-marginatus ; mandibule oblique ru-

inhabiting the United States. 149

gose, labrum sicut in substriato ; impressionibus frontalibus rectis,

antice rugulosis, linea obliqua profunda. Thoracis forma sv /stri-

atum, et sequentes omnino refert, minus tamen antice rotund atus,

rugulis indistinctis, preesertim ad latera notatus ; impressione trans-

versa anteriore, margine approximata, medio obliterata, lines lon-

gitudinali distincta ; basalibus levibus, ad margiuem subexten:enti-

bus. Elytra parallela, convexa, postice sub-rotundata, eyane-mar-

ginata, minus nitida, striata, striis rugose-punciatis, externis |:tiori-

bus, sulcos effingentibus, 3ia. ct 7ma. 5ta. et Gta. versus apicem

conjunctis. Czteris precedentes refert.

* Sp.9. rugosus.

Latiusculus, cyaneo-marginatus ; mandibulis rugosis; impres-

sionibus frontalibus levibus, linea obliqua profunda, excavata ; tho-

racis basalibus incurvatis parvis, rugosis; elytris striis latioribus.

Habitat in Nova Cesarea. Tab. II., fig. 1.

Corpus latius, convexiusculum, nigrum, cyaneo-marginatum,

mandibule et labrum sicut in precedente: impressionibus fi ontali-

bus levibus; linea obligua exarata, profunda, levi; thorax \ateri-

bus antice vix rotundatis, angutis anticis acutis, posticis obiusis ;

impressione transversa anteriore, medio obliterata, distinct ad la-

tera ; linea longitudinali profunda, rugulis paucis transversis inter-

secta; basalibus brevibus, postice incurvatis, rugosis, rugisgue no-

nullis versus angulum posticum. J’ytra ut in; recedente, s¢ striae

paulo latiores, 3ia. et. 4ta. Sta. et Ota. conjunctis.

Sp. 10. sublavis.

Latiusculus, cyaneo-marginatus ; mandibulis rugosis, imp ressi-

onibus frontalibus latis rugulosis, linea obliqua distincta, bas: |.bus

oblongis, rectis, levibus, clytris striis (exceptis primis duabus) lati-

oribus, sulcos simulantibus.

Habitat in Georgia. ‘lab. IL, fig. 2.

Scarites sublavis. Palisot de Beaurois. Inscctes d’ Afr: jue et

d’ Amerique, p. 107.

150 Species of Pasimachus

Statura fere precedentis, paulo latior; mandibulis et labro pri-

ores refert: impressionibus frontalibus longioribus, latis, subrugo-

sis; linea obliqua, distincta, rugulis notata. Thorax margine ver-

sus angulum posticum latiore; basi non marginatus (quo ab omni-

bus aliis differt) ; impressione transyersa anteriore medio oblitera-

ta; linea longitudinali distincta; basalibus longioribus, rectis, pos-

tice incurvatis, profundis, leyvibus. E/ytrastriis externis profundi-

oribus, prima angusta, inconspicua, reliquis latis, sulcos simulanti-

bus, dia. et 4ta. Sta. et Gta. versus apicem coeuntibus, omnibus in-

consp icue rugoso-punctatis.

§ 3. ELYTRA COSTIS ELEVATIS.

Sp. 11. subsulcatus.

Depressior, postice sub-acuminatus, niger, cyaneo-marginatus :

mandibulis fere glabris; impressionibus frontalibus profundis,

cyaneo-micantibus ; impressionibus basalibus profundis, lavibus ;

elytris costis subelevatis indistinctissimis.

Habitat in provinciis australibus, rarius. Tab. IL., fg. 3.

Pasimachus subsuleatus. Say. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. New

Series, Vol. XI., p. 19.

Corpus depressum, postice subacuminatum, cyaneo-marginatum,

mandi lula rugulis paucis obsoletis ; /abrum utrinque foveolis tribus,

antice sub-tridentatum ; impressionibus frontalibus profundis, latis,

violaceo-submicantibus ; linea obliqua distincta transverse rugosa.

Thorax subquadratus, antice emarginatus, angulis anticis acutis,

lateribus leviter rotundatis, margine reflexo, angulis posticis subrec-

tis: impressione transversa anteriore margine approximata, medio

vix distincta: linea longitudinali bene notata ; basalibus profundis,

postice subcoeuntibus, violaceo-submicantibus, cum impressione

altera, juxta marginem, subrotunda. E/vtra costis elatis obsoletis,

(prope suturam obliteratis,) alternatim evidentioribus, margine re-

flexo. Subtus violaceomicans, abdomen nigrum,

inhabiting the United States. 151

Sp. 12. marginatus.

Depressior, postice sub-acuminatus : niger violaceo-marginatus ;

mandibulé subrugose; impressionibus frontalibus latis, rugosis,

postice sub-coentibus, thoracis margine depresso, latiusculo, basali-

bus latis minime profundis, elytra 7-costata, costis alternatim evi-

dentioribus.

Habitat in provinciis australibus, communius. Tab. I., fg. 1.

Scarites marginatus Fabr. Sys. Eleuth. p. 123. Pasimachus

sulcatus Mac Leay. Dej. Cat.

Niger, opaciusculus, depressior, postice subacuminatus, sub-

violaceo marginatus ; mandibule rugis paucis indistinctis ; labrum

profunde impressum, antice subtridentatum ; impressiones frontales

late, subrugose, violaceo-micantes, postice subcoeuntes linea ob-

liqua distincta. Thorax subquadratus lateribus leviter rotundatus,

depressis, violaceis versus basin latioribus ; impressione transversa

anteriore distincta, basalibus latis, geminis, levibus, interiore sub-

triangulari, postice versus medium tendente, exteriore subrotunda;

linea longitudinali distincta. E/ytra costis septem elevatis, nitidi-

oribus, suturali vix distincta, 2da. et 4ta. Gta. et 7ma. distinctioribus,

postice coeuntibus. Subtus subviolacec-micans ; abdomen nigrum.

EURYDERUS, Nov. Gen.

Corpus crassum, ellipticum, convexum, alatum.

Carport triangulare, postice non retractum.

Manpisuc valide, obtuse, dente parvo prope basin. Tab. II,

Jig. 5, ¢.

MaxiL_& anguste, apice incurvate, valde acute, intus cilite. Tab.

Il. fig. 5, b.

Lasrum.subquadratum. angulis anticis rotundatis,

Lasium antice profunde emarginatum, basi emarginationis sub-

recta.

Patri Jabicles filiformes, art’ culis duobus equalibus, ultimo ovali

apice paulo truncato. Tab. II. fig. 5. b.

maxillares filiformes, articulis subeequalibus, ultimis paulo

brevioribus, ovalibus, apice paulo truncatis,

interni parvi, tenues. Tab. II. jig. 5. b.

152 Species of Pasimuchus

Antenna» ad mandibularum basin, juxta oculos inserte ; articulo

primo longiore, crassiore, reliquis equalibus, quinto sequen-

tibusque, submoniliformibus, ultimo ovali.. Tab. IL. fig. 5. a.

Ocvuxi mediocres rotundati.

Tuorax subquadratus, longitudine duplo latior, antice leviter emar-

ginatus, angulis obtusis, lateribus rotundatus, ad basin rec-

tum depressis, angulis posticis planis rectis.

Exyrtra thorace haud latiora, parallela, apice rotundata, stria ru-

dimentali inter primam et secundam posita.

Scutsituum mediocre.

Pepes valida.

Tisix% antice subpalmatee, late, extus subemarginate, dente ante-

riore producto, obtuso, intus profunde emarginate, calcare

antico Magno crasso.

intermedi ct postice extus ciliata.

Tansi antice articulis trangularibus, maris, femineque similes, re-

liqui subfiliformes. Tab. IL. fig. 5. d.

Cox postice externe producte, apice acute.

Unaues simplices, graciles.

Genus hocce ad Harpalidarum familiam pertinet.

* EK. zabroides.

Niger, nitidus, elytris interstitio 2ndo, 4to. et 6to. punctorum

serie notatis.

Habitat apud flumen Platte supra furcationem, solo vagans.

Tap. Al. jig.°0:

Niger nitidus; /abrum setis parvis nonnullis; antenne,articulis

primis quatuor setis paucis, reliquis brunneo-pilosis. Caput im-

pressionibus duabus inter oculos, brevibus, latis, sparse punctatis,

linea transversa antice connexis. T'horax margine depresso, punc-

tato, prope basin latiore, setis longis nonnullis e punctis magnis

juxta marginem orientibus ; ante impressionem transversam distine-

tam punctis paucis notatus ; linea longitudinali distineta; basi pone

inhabiting the United States. 153

impressionem transversam posticam, depressa, punctata ; basalibus

distinctis punctatis. Scutellum leve. Elytra striata, stria rudimen-

tali longa, interstitio 2ndo. 4to. et 6to. serie punctorum, e quibus

oriuntur sete long. Epipleure punctis impressis setiferis. Pedes

et abdomen setis plurimis instructi.

PSYDRUS. gen. nov.

Corrts depressum, subelongatum.

Carut latum, triangulare, pone oculos constrictum.

Manpisu.L valide acute.

MAxILu® apice incurvate acuminate.

Lasrum breve, leviter emarginatum.

Lasium magnum, concavum, profunde emarginatum, dente nullo.

Tab: Il, jig. 6, 0.

Paurt labiales breves, articulo ultimo paulo longiore, crassiore,

apice truncato.

mazxillares externi, articulo penultimo duplo breviore, ultimo

apice truncato.

interni tenues.

ANTENN#® apice paulo incrassate, setiferee: articulo primo longi-

ore, crasso, secundo, quarto, et sequentibus moniliformibus,

zequalibus, 3i0. paulo longiore, ultimo majore ovali. Tab.

Il. jig. 6. a.

Ocvti rotundati prominentes.

Tuorax subcordatus, lateribus rotundatus, basi retractus, angulis

posticis acute rectis.

Exyrra thorace latiora, plana, apice neque sinuata nec truncata.

PepeESs mediocres.

Tarsi latiusculi; antici, articulis triangularibus, penultimo parvo.

Tis1# antice, intus profunde emarginate.

Uneues simplices.

Cox posticz, late apice truncate.

Genus hocce post Ozenam Brachinidarum ponendum.

154 Species of Pasimachus.

* P piceus.

Piceus nitidus, capite, thoraceque punctatis ; elytris profunde

striato-punctatis, interstitiis punctis parvis serie dispositis.

Habitat ad Eagte River, lacus Superioris. Tab. IL. fg. 6.

Piceus, nitidus ; caput punctatum, impressiones frontales longe

oblique, profunde, grosse punctate, setisque paucis. Os ferrugi-

neum. Antenne articulis tribus primis glabris, reliquis brunneo-

pilosis. Thorax tam latus quam longus, punctatus, densius prope

basin, antice non emarginatus, lateribus tenuissime marginatus, se-

tis tribus longis; ad angulum anticum, medio, et ad angulum posti-

cum positis ; linea longitudinali bene notata, impressione transver-

sa antica distincta, margine remota: postica valde profunda, basal-

ibus brevibus, profundis, basi depresso-coeuntibus. Elytra thorace

latiora, latitudine duplo longiora, angulis humeralibus rotundatis,

profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis planis, punctis minutis, ordine

dispositis ; setis longis nonullis e serie punctorum marginali orien-

tibus ; epipleuris concavis levibus. Subtus punctatus; t/di¢ et tarst

brunnei, pilosi.

Description of a New Sprctes or Apus, by Joun Le Conte, F.

L. S., &c. Read December 8th, 1845.

Among the many valuable objects of Natural History which my

son procured during his late journey to the Rocky Mountains, one

of the most interesting is the small crustaceous animal, which is

the subject of the present communication.

The genus Apus, originally considered by Linné, along with

the Limulus or Horse-shoe Crab of our own sea coast, as species

of Monoculus, received its present name from the illustrious John

Anthony Scopoli. To both the genera Monoculus and Limulus, it

bears a striking external resemblance, particularly to the latter:

indeed, if we consider its facies alone (setting aside the naked tail,)

we should be very apt to conclude that it was a close congener of

them. But when properly studied, there will be found a vast in-

terval between these animals, both as regards the structure of the

body, and the detail of the oral and masticatory organs. This in-

terval is undoubtedly filled up by numerous beings, either not

known or not yet sufficiently examined; ‘“ Natura enim non facit

saltus :’’ Savigny has observed that there is as much difference be-

tween them as between a crab and a spider (phalangium.)

But three species of Apus are known to Naturalists; the A

cancriformis the A. productus of Leach, by him called, Lepidu-

rus, and the A. Montagui, of the same author. The first and last

of these are readily distinguished from our species by the shortness

of the caudal extremity, and the other by having an oval horizontal

lamina extending from the emargination of the last joint of the

tail.*

It may not be amiss to observe here, that the animal described

by Mr. Say, in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia, vol. 1, page 437, and considered by Dr. Dekay,

in the fifth volume of the Natural History of this State, as an

Apus, cannot belong to the same genus as this which we are now

considering, as it was found parasitic on a crab, and has but two

eyes; from the very imperfect description, it is impossible to say

what it is. It seems to have some relation to Caligus, but as I ob-

* In the first volume of Major Long’s Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, mention is made

of a species of Apus, three-tenths of an inch in length, but no detailed description is given: it

may belong to some other genus of Crustacea.

156 A New Species of Apus.

served before, it is impossible to determine where it should be

arranged. |

* APUS LONGICAUDATUS.

Pale brown: buckler large, thin, gibbous, nearly round, carinate

on the middle of the back, deeply emarginate behind, the edges of

_the emargination fringed with short spines: eyes three, simple, the ~

two anterior larger, approximate, somewhat lunate, the third one

round, placed in the middle behind the two others: antenne very

short, inserted near the mandibles, two-jointed, joints clyndrical,

subequal, the second joints soméwhat accuminate and naked at the

tip: first pair of feet, or as they have been called, exterior anten-

nx, furnished with four articulated filaments; of these filaments,

the outer one is longer than the body, the next half the length of

the first, the third about one third the length of the second, and

the fourth very short: the other feet, amounting to ten pair, are

flattened, trifid at the tip, the intermediate division being the long-

est, furnished ou the inner side with a short branch, and exter-

nally with a broad lamina; below these feet are twelve pair of

lamine, the five anterior pair larger, the seven smaller pair reach-

ing to the vent, which is covered by the last pair; these lamine

are complicated in their structure, and ciliate with short hairs :

tail long, consisting of sixteen joints counting downwards from

the vent, the last one the longest, somewhat coriaceous, emargi-

nate and ending in two long articulated naked filaments, the joints

of the tail and of the filaments are furnished each with a row of

small spines, which run entirely round.

Length to the end of the tail, 1.5 of an inch, of the buckler,

.65, breadth of the same, 7. i

Plate IIL., fig. 1. (a.) one of the feet. (b.) one of the laminz.

Of the habits of this animal, we know but little; it was found

in immense numbers in a small shallow lake on the high plateau

between Lodge-pole creek and Crow creek, north-east of Long’s

peak : they were swimming about with great activity, plunging to

the bottom and rising tothe surface. All of them that were caught

appear to be males, at least none of them have any ova attached :

the common species in Europe, A. cancriformis, on the contrary,

has never been found but of the opposite sex.

Description cf Tarre New Fossizs from the Fauus of the Onto,

by Isaacuar Cozzens. Read December 8th, 1845.

Although many of the states have employed competent geolo-

gists to explore their territories, it cannot be but that many objects

of Natural History must unavoidably have been unnoticed by them ;

this, I suppose to have been the case with the fossils I am to de-

scribe.

About the year 1840, the late Rev. Benjamin O. Peers put into

my hands a number of fossils, which he informed me were obtained

at the falls of the Ohio river. After due examination of some twenty

or thirty distinct species, I selected three, which I believe to have

been hitherto undescribed. One of these, of which I have three

specimens, appears to be the buckler of a crustaceous animal ; the

other two are shells belonging to the classes mollusca and conchi-

fera; the one a bivalve, and allied to the Spirifer of Sowerby or

Delthyris of Dalman; the other a univalve, belonging to the family

of Orthocerata. I shall begin by describing the Crustacean.

Genus Piliolites, (from wifey, a scull cap.)

Buckler gibbous, anterior and posterior margins, with a groove;

the anterior groove deeper than the posterior, more slightly grooved

on the sides.

* OntoENsis. Buckler gibbous, ovate, arched, margined, anterior

margin smaller and sloping downwards; posterior, thicker and

turning up; lateral margins very small. Plate X. fig. 1, a. b.

The three specimens from which this description is made, are

all precisely alike, both in form and size. They have the appear-

ance or shape of that part of the human skull which is above the eyes

and ears ; across the front is a furrow, and at the ends of this furrow

are placed small protuberances resembling eye-brows, under these

protuberances, the eyes were most probably situated as in living

crabs. The nearest recent species which this fossil relictresembles,

as the Leucosia craniolaris, Fabr.; but in this animal the front of

158 Three New Fossils

the buckler is prolonged, whilst in our species it is truncated. In

the Leucosia the posterior part is truncated, in this it is rounded.

The specimens which I have are the mere bucklers of the animals,

without legs, claws, branchiz, or antenne, and resemble the rejected

shells of ordinary Crustacea. There are on the crown or top of all

the specimens, regularly waved lines or grooves; on each side of

the slope, corresponding to each other, in one specimen, these lines

are dark-coloured ; in another the colour is faint, but the grooves.

deeper and more distinct, and in the third, they are almost obso-

lete. The cavity on the under side of the buckler being entirely

filled with chrystaline lime-stone, prevents any description of that

part of the animal being made: length 0.9 inch, breadth 0.7 inch.

GENUS PENTAGONTA.

Shell bivalve, inequivalve, having five sides, somewhat gaping +

lower valve with three sides, upper with two; leaks contiguous.

* P. Peersii.

Shell somewhat gaping, with five sides and three carine;

two of the carine on the lower valve commence at the beak, and

diverge towards the margin, and end at the opening, the valve be-

ing concave between them; the lateral margins small and nearly —

vertical, an elevated carina on the middle of the upper valve, ren-

dering its sides somewhat concave. This carina has a shallow

furrow in it, commencing at the beak and running more than half

way along the shell towards the opening. On each side of the up-

per valve and contiguous to the beaks, are two angular protuberan-

ces, giving the shell when viewed at the beaks, a pentagonal ap-

pearance, and at the same time a visage-form look: length 1.2

inch. breadth 0.9 inch. Plate X. fig. 2, a. d.

The cavity of this shell was filled with the same limestone as

the Piliolités.

GENUS CONULITES.

Shell pyramidal, somewhat quadrangular, with the planes some~

what curved, aperture wide and festooned by lines of growth.

Jrom the Ohio. 159

*C. elevata.

Shell conical or pyramidal, with four nearly equal sides, the

plane of the sides more or less rounded, one of the sides nearly

flat, the opposite corresponding one more rounded, the other two

sides respectively, are neither so flat nor so rounded: substance o

the shell very thin. Plate X. fig. 3.

This fossil is of a pyramidal form from the aperture upwards; it

has annular waved transverse lines in succession from the apex to

the mouth; these lines are subimbricate, lying partly on one ano-

ther ; at the opening there are four lips, one on each side corres-

ponding to the planes, and prolonged downwards; at each corner

of the pyramidal form and at the opening, the transverse lines are

drawn up, forming with the lips a sort of festoon around the base.

The cavity of this shell is filled with the same substance as the pre-

ceding species. The limestone from which these fossils were ta-

ken, is of a grey colour and chrystaline texture ; itis not generally

known whether it belongs to the Silurian or Carboniferous series.

On certain CoLeorTerRA, indigenous to the HasTeERN and WESTERN

Continents. By Joun L. Le Con re.

Read January 19th, 1846.

The number of forms of animal life common to the two conti-

nents is far from being great; and itis therefore presumed that any

new examples of such extensive distribution will not be without in-

terest to the student of nature. Many of the species which are

found on either continent, were undoubtedly introduced from one

to the other, in the ordinary articles of commerce. Thus, for in-

stance, Calandra oryze@ has been brought in rice; Ptinus fur, An-

threnus museorum and pimpinelle, several species of Dermestes, At-

tagenus, and many others belonging to different orders of insects,

would accompany the various necessaries of life, or the numberless

articles of luxury which are continually crossing the ocean. Carabus

160 Coleoptera of the Eastern

auratus has been carried in the earth surrounding the roots of trees.

So varied, in truth, is the habitation of the insect world, that almost

every conceivable importation may serve as the nidus of some spe-

cies, which radiating from this point may, in the course of time,

become completely naturalized in a foreign land.

There are, however, other kinds for whose presence in this

country no such satisfactory reason can be assigned. They are not

confined to the more settled portions of our republic, nor is their

occurrence a matter of such rarity as to render it probable that their

abode on this continent has been of short duration. It is to these

mainly that we shall confine our attention.

It is not intended in this essay to enter into a detailed examina-

tion of the various theories which have been proposed, in order to

account for these coincidences of production: any generalizations

from the few facts at present possessed on the subject, would be al-

together premature. Patient investigation must first make known

the limits of the distribution of these animals, and then we may hope

to evolve a theory suitable to the results obtained.

Any such reputed fact, as the discovery of a species on this con-

tinent, which has heretofore been supposed to be confined to the

old world, should be received with extreme hesitation, and admit

ted as correct only after the most rigid examination. Many such

pretended discoveries have been overthrown by the increase of our

knowledge; similar assertions should therefore be submitted to

the strictest scrutiny.

Entering for a short time into the regions of speculation, we

might easily suppose a priori, that in the operation of the general

laws of creation, which probably obtain throughout the physical uni-

verse, the productions of the two hemispheres would approximate

in character, according as the circumstances under which they ori-

ginated were more or less similar. Now one of the most efficient

of these circumstances, because one that always continues acting

with equal force, is a similarity of climate. It is also a fact, almost

self-evident indeed, from physical considerations, that the climates of

the two continents approach more nearly to each other, the farther

we proceed north; it might therefore be inferred that the similari-

and Western Continents. 161

ties between the animal inhabitants of the eastern and western world

would be much more evident the nearer we approach the arctic

circle. Such in reality is found to be the case ; and if we admit that

the creative power in nature works by uniform and general laws, it

will no- longer be matter of surprise, that exactly similar circum-

stances should occur in a few instances, and thus give rise to organ-

ized products, so nearly resembling each other, that in the present

state of our knowledge they must be considered identical.

It must be confessed that no general laws in the creative organ-

ic power have yet been shown; nor is it at all probable that any

such can be rendered physically evident by human intellect. Their

existence must always be regarded as a matter of inference, rather

than an opinion susceptible of direct proof. It is still a question of

dispute between philosophers, whether the creation of a species is

to be ascribed to a direct manifestation of a supernatural agency,

or whether the Deity, in this, as in every department of nature

which has yet been brought within the scope of scientific research,

operates by universal laws impressed upon matter. From the

gradual increase in complexity of development which is made ap-

parent in following out the history of any individual organ, it seems

probable that such laws do exist ; otherwise there would be no special

reason why the same organ should be formed throughout the whole

chain of animated nature, by the gradual expansion of a single,

uniform type.

If, on the other hand, we were to allow the distinct, and separ-

ate exercise of omnipotence, for the creation of each separate and

distinct species, would it not be limiting the power of the Creator

far below our proper ideas of his greatness, to suppose that one

primary form alone would suffice for each essential organ, and that

all others must be derived from this original type ?

But enough has been already said on this obscure subject,

which may properly be called the metaphysics of Natural History,

Let us pass then to some practical examples of the identity of

production above referred to.

1. Loricera pilicornis Fabr.—Several specimens of this curi-

ous insect were found floating in Lake Superior at Kewenaw Point:

162 Coleoptera of the Eastern

After a most attentive examination, no difference can be perceived

between our specimens, and those from the north of Europe.

2. Bembidium impressum Fabr.—Occurs abundantly about Lake

Superior. Dr. Richardson’s party also found it in many northern

situations. .

3. Bembidium paludosum Fabr—This species inhabits the

banks of streams emptying into Lake Superior. It is to be care-

fully distinguished from B. inequale Say, which it closely resem-

bles, and which I obtained near the Rocky mountains.

£4. Silpha Lapponica Fabr.—caudata Say.—This insect is found

in every part of the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, north

of 42°. }

5. Corynetes (Necrobia) violaceus Fabr—This necrophage ap-

pears to increase in numbers, the farther it is removed from the

haunts of man: in the barren regions adjoining the Rocky Moun-

tains, where insects reign in almost undisputed mastery, unchecked

by scarce a single foe, it may be observed covering the ground un-

der any small piece of animal matter, which has been oyerlooked

by the wolves and ravens, or which has defied the power of their

teeth and beaks.

6. Bostrichus typographus and others of the same genus.

Abundant in every place under the bark of pine trees.

7. Coccinella 3-fasciata Fabr.—from Lake Superior.

8. Hippodamia 13-punctata Yabr. found every where.

In these species, as in the preceding, observation fails to detect

the slightest difference between the American and European speci-

mens.

Several other examples might be easily adduced, but to some

of them it would be urged, that by some possibility’ they might

have been introduced. In the selections made, all such have been

carefully avoided, and those have likewise been excluded, which

have not been submitted to a strict comparison with well authenti-

cated individuals from the old world.

Many instances might likewise be obtained from other orders of

insects; as Vanessa Cardui, and some species of Pieris from the

: and. Western Continents. 163°

- Lepidopera; the first of which is found in every part of the globe.,

As however the attention of the writer has been direcied more

particularly to the Coleoptera, the species referred to, have been

exclusively of that order.

Description of some NEW spEciEs or Suetis. By Joun H. Rep-

FieLpD. Read January 26th, 1846.

MarGinetua FLAvipa. Plate X. fig. 4, a. b—Cabinct of the

Lyceum.

M. testa parva, ovata, le vissima, flavida, scepé fasciis tribus sub-

rufis ; labro albo, crasso, reflexo, intus obsoleté denticulato : aper-

tura luted: spira brevé conicd, apice rubro; columella quadripli-

cata.

Sheil small, ovate, highly polished, yellowish white, sometimes

crossed by three reddish bands, of which the uppermost is immedi-

ately beneath the suture. Lip white, strongly thickened, obtusely

reflected, extending a little upon the penultimate whorl, and indis-

tinctly denticulate within. Spire short, and tipped with red or

brown. Columella with four plaits, all oblique, the lower ones the

most so: a slight callosity upen its upper part near its junction

with the outer lip. Aperture bright yellow sometimes verging up-

on brown, and deepest near the extremities: length, 0.47 inch:

breadth, 0.31 inch.

Habitat, Cuba and Bahama Islands.

Remarks.—This little species though familiar to collectors,

does not appear to have been described. It occupies an interme-

diate position between Marginclla conoidalis, Kiener, and M. dia-

phana, Kiener. The three species are each well defined, and con-

stitute an interesting little group. The one just described, differs

from the M. conoidalis in its yellowish color, in being less solid, and

in being destitute of the reddish dots usually found upon the outer

margin of that species. The M. dicphana, on the other hand, is a

164 Description of some

still thinner and lighter shell than the M. flavida, of a deeper yel-

low, and has the outer margin of its lip stained with orange-red.

Some conchologists have referred the shell before us to the M. api-

cina, Menke, (Synopsis meth. mollusc.) Menke’s description, how-

ever, which is aceompanied by no figure, is so short and indefinite

as to apply equally well to two or three species, and on reference

to specimens of MM. apicina, in the cabinet of Dr. Jay, received by

him from Europe under that name, they proved to be well charac-

terized specimens of J. conoidalis, Kiener, possessing the dots up-

on the outer lip peculiar to that species. Hinds, (Proc. Zool. Soc.

April, 1844,) has described a Marginella livida from Cuba, which

is evidently related to this group, and may perhaps be identical

with J. conoidalis.

MarGIneELLA opesa. Plate X. fig. 5,a.b.—Cabinet of the Lyceum.

Testa ovata, tumida, loevissima, albido-lutesente, lineis trans-

versis confertissimis interruptis fuscis aut nigris, in flammulis un-

dulatis longitudinalibus dispositis; spiraé obtecta, maculis fuscis

circumdata: labro intus obsoleté crenulato, extus scepé nigro

maculato ; columella sex vel octo-plicata ; plicis quatuor inferiori-

bus distinctis obliquis ; alteris superioribus obsoletis transversis.

Sheil ovate, tumid, highly polished; color yellowish-white with

crowded transverse interrupted lines of dark brown, which are in-

clined to be grouped in longitudinal undulations. A vitreous enam-

el coats the whole shell, so as slightly to obscure the markings.

The spire, which would be nearly concealed by the last whorl, is en-

tirely covered by this enamel, and is surrounded by five or six dark

brown speckles. The lip is obsoletely toothed within; without, it

is not distinctly margined, is more of a yellowish cast than the rest

of the shell, and usually has from one to three black spots or ir-

regular blotches. The columella has from six to eight folds; the

uppermost three or four are very small, while the lowest but one is

large, slightly bifid within, and extends outwardly into an elevated

New Species of Shells. 165

callosity which reaches nearly to the basal notch; between the ba- ~

sal notch and this callosity is usually a brownish spot : length, 0.55

inch: breadth, 0.36 inch.

Habitat, Caribbean Sea at Carthagena, 5S. A.

Remarks.—This beautiful little Marginella was forwarded me

from Carthagena, by W. W, Whitney, Esq. It occurs abundantly

in company with MM. interrupta Lam. and in its general aspect is

so much like that, as to be easily mistaken for it. But an attentive

examination of a large number of individuals of each species has

convinced me that they are entirely distinct. The M. interrupta is

less tumid, and the outer margin of its lip is wrinkled and most dis-

tinctly defined. The lip of the M. obesa is outwardly smooth, and

has so little distinctness of outline that when the shell is placed

with the back upwards, it might be taken for a Cyprea. The M.

interrupta has often one or more reddish blotches upon the back of

the shell; these I have never seen distinctly developed in the M.

obesa. On the other hand, the M. interrupta is destitute of the

black speckles which surround the spire of the M. obesa, and of

the black spots, which in the latter occur upon the outer margin of

the lip, and near the base of the columella.

Triton OreGoneNnse. Plate XI. fig. 2, a, b,—Cabinet of Dr. B.

W. Budd. Cabinet of Naval Lyceum, Brooklyn.

Testa fusiformi, elongata, tenui, albida, epidermide hirsuta fus-

ca induta ; anfractibus rotundatis ; plicis longitudinalibus, costis et

sulcis transversis valdé decussatis; varicibus exilibus; apertura

ovata, canaliculata, alba.

Shell fusiform, elongate; thin, whitish, covered with a rough,

hairy, brown epidermis; the whorls are rounded, with from 18 to

25 longitudinal folds which are cancellated by transverse ribs and

furrows. There are four or five of these ribs on each of the up-

per whorls, and each rib is divided by a slight furrow, while the

intervening hollows are in like manner divided by a slight ridge.

The last whorl has from 10 to 15 transverse ribs, and their bifid

character is not so conspicuous as upon the upper whorls. The va-

rices are about 12 in number, not prominent, and are crossed by

166 Description of some

the ribs already mentioned. Aperture oyate, elongate, extending

downwards into an open canal; the exterior ribs and folds plainly

visible within. When mature the right lip is slightly thickened in-

to a varix. The columella shows upon its upper part the trans-

verse ridges of the shell, the lower portion is smooth and some-

what twisted; a slight umbilical trace is seen where the pillar lip

is applied to the base of the shell: length, 4.25 inches, breadth, 2

inches. :

Habitat, Straits of St. Juan de Fuca, Oregon.

Remarxks.—I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Budd, for the

opportunity of describing this curious shell. In form it resembles

the Fusus antiquus (Lin.) Lam. Itis very nearly allied to T. can-

cellatum, Lam. and to T. scabrum, King, but it is readily distin-

guished from the former, by the absence of the elevated tooth or

ridge which is found upon the upper portion of the columella in

that species, while from the 7. scabrum it is distinguished by its

greater size, its elongation, the rounded character of its whorls, its

longer canal, and its more prominent cancellation. Its varices also,

though not very prominent, are more so than in either of the species

just mentioned.

Ranevia Thersites. Plate X. fig. 6, a.b—My Cabinet—Cabi-

nets of Dr. B. W. Budd, C. M. Wheatley and N. B. Wilbur.

Testa ovata, gibbosa, albido-lutescente, tuberculata et transver-

sim suleata ; tuberculis elevatis, acutis, compressis, interdum distor-

tis; varicibus transversé rugosis, ad suturas canali instructis; aper-

tura flava, utraque extremitate canaliculaté ; margine dentato, in-

crassato ; columella rugosa.

Shell ovate, gibbous, composed of about seven whorls. The

upper whorls are angular at the middle and furnished at the angle

with a series of elevated, horizontally compressed, pointed tuber-

cles. These become quite large upon the last whorl and show an

inclination to distortion. The spire usually has three of these tu-

bercles between each varix, but on the back of the last whorl, the

number varies from one to three, one of the tubercles being some-

New Species of Shells. 167

times unduly enlarged at the expense of one or more of the re-

maining ones, thus giving the shell unusual gibbosity. The shell

is also crossed by numerous revolving elevated lines, two of which

are more prominent than the others, especially at the point where

they cross the varices. The uppermost of these ridges supports the

series of tubercles already mentioned, the other is occasionally el-

evated at irregular intervals into a few tubercles of much smaller

size than those upon the upper. The varices are transversely ru-

gose. Aperture ovate, extending upwards into a deeply hollowed

channel, the remains of which are very apparent on each of the

last three whorls, at the junction of the varix with the suture. Right

lip thickened and strongly denticulate. Columella transversely

wrinkled. Color: yellowish white or light fawn, obscurely and ir-

regularly clouded with reddish brown, and the last whorl is crossed

by three series of brownish dots or interrupted lines, of which the

uppermost two follow the series of tubercles, and the other crosses

the front of the shell, near the upper part of the aperture, and is

there more apparent than elsewhere: Jength, 1.9 inches, breadth

1.4 inches.

Divergence of spire, measured at the varices 80°.

Habitat—Unknown, probably some portion of the Pacific or

Indian Oceans.

Remarks.—This interesting species of Ranella, which seems

to have been unknown to, or overlooked by all the writers upon

this genus, bears much relation to the R. bufonia (Gmel.) Lam.,

but is clearly distinct. The spire is more obtuse, its tubercles

which are more elevated and pointed, are remarkable for their hor-

izontal compression, and for their frequent distortion; its surface

is not pitted or punctured as in the R. bufonia, while the wrinkles

which cross the shell are much less developed and of quite a differ-

ent character from those of that species. The 2. margaritula

Deshayes, also approaches our species in some respects, but differs

decidedly in the character of its tubercles, and in its surface which

is throughout finely granulated. It is moreover of a much darker

color.

168 Description of some New Species of Shells.

Carpium setosum. Plate XI. fig. 1, a. 6.c—My Cabinet. Cab-

inets of Dr. J. C. Jay, and C. M. Wheatley.

C. testi cordata, rotundato-ovata, tumida, subequilaterali, albido-

lutescente, umbonibus albidis ; costis quadraginta planulatis, se-

tigeris ; marginibus dentatis : intis candida.

Shell cordate, nearly equilateral; alittle obliquely rounded

ovate, somewhat tumid; anterior* side shortest, beaks prominent,

inflected and nearly in contact; in front of them is a rather narrow

ovate depression. On each valve are about 40 flattened radiating

ribs, which are twice as wide as the intervening furrows. The

edges of these ribs are very minutely denticulate, and in young in-

dividuals the denticulations of adjacent ribs approximate so closely

as to give the intervening furrow a punctate appearance; upon the

central line of each rib, there is a series of small semi-tubular

spines or scales, which when perfect terminate in blackish bristles ;

these are more strongly developed on the*posterior margin than

elsewhere. The ribs which cross the anterior lunular depression

are not bristly, but tubercular. Color yellowish white, becoming

pure white towards the beaks; the shell is covered with a thin ep-

idermis of dirty yellow, which becomes thicker and much wrinkled

towards the margin, especially upon the posterior end, where its

color is nearly black. Interior pure white ; grooves answering to

the ribs without are faintly visible within, and the edges are strong-

ly notched: length, 2.75 inches, height, 2.75 inches, breadth, 2.1

inches.

Habitat, Seas of China.

Remarks.—This fine shell cannot be referred to any of the

species figured and described in Reeve’s monograph of this genus,

whence I infer it to be new. The number of its ribs, taken in con-

nection with their peculiarly bristly character, will distinguish it from

the C. asiaticum, C. multispinosum, and other muricated species.

* I use the terms anterior and posterior in the sense generally adopted by

modern authors, being the reverse of that employed by Lamarck.

Description of NEw spEctrs or SHELLs, by Joun C, Jay, M. D.

Read February 1, 1846.

Buuimvs rwrunpisuuirormis. Plate X. fig. 7, a. 6.

Bul. testa conica, tenui, grisea, longitudinaliter striata, umbilico

magno, infundibuliformi ; spira conica, elongata ; apice acuto ; an-

fractibus septem subplanis ; suturA profundai; apertura ovali, al-

P 3 ;

bida ; labro acuto.

Shell conical, thin, gray, longitudinally striated, umbilicus very

large, and funnel-shaped ; spire conical and elongated ; apex acute;

whorls seven and somewhat flattened, sutures profound ; aperture

oval, rather compressed, whitish; lip acute: length, 1-2 inch,

breadth, 5-16 inch.

Habitat. Interior of Bolivia.

Conus Camuraupu. Plate X. fig. 8, a. 4.

Con. testi oblongo-turbinata, subfusiformi; fusca, filis tenuis-

simis cincta; spird turrito-exserta; apice valdé elato ; labro tenui,

acuto, arcuato, juxta spiram emarginato ; apertura fauce fusca.

Shell oblong turbinated, somewhat fusiform, brown, encircled

with a number of very fine thread-like lines ; spire exserted in the

form of a turret, apex very elevated ; lip thin, sharp, arched, emar-

ginated next the spire, aperture brown with a white blotch: length,

15-8 inch, breadth, 4-8 inch.

Habitat?

The remarkable feature of this shell is the spire, which is ex-

actly half its length, the whorls very prominent and nine in num-

ber.

IT am indebted to Mons. F. Cailliaud of Nantes, for this rare

Cone, and have taken the liberty to dedicate it to him.

170 Description of some New Species of Shells.

I embrace this opportunity to make several corrections in the

last Edition of the Catalogue of my Cabinet.

Pilate 1, fig.1. Bulimus cinctus, Nobis, is Bulimus Favannii,

Lam. Delessert, plate 27, fig. 8.

Habitat, St. Augustine Bay, Madagascar.

“ fig. 2, 3. Turbo rotelliformis, nobis, is Trochiscus Nor-

risii, Sowerby Beechey Zool. plate 34, fig. 14.

“ fig. 4. Ampullaria Brownii, nobis, is A. crassa, Swains.

var.

“ « fig. 5. Ampullaria Storeria, nobis, is A. naticoides, D’-

Orbigny.

“ fio. 6, '7. Helix Planorbis, nobis, is H. monilis, Brod,

Zool. P., 1832.

“ fig. 8, 9. Physa scalaris, nobis, see Haldeman’s Mono-

graph, page 34, plate 4, fig. 9.

“ fig. 10, 11. Lymnea gracilis, nobis, see Hald. Mon. page

50, plate 13, fig. 21.

Plate 6, fig. 1. Bulimus ustulatus, nobis, is a variety of Bul.

chrysalidiformis, Sowb. Zool. Proc.

Plate 7, fig. 1. Paludina tristis, nobis, is P. olivacea, Sowb.

“ « fig. 2, 3. Conus rhododendron, Couthouy, is Conus

Adamsoni, Gray.

“ « fig. 4, 5. Cyclostoma cumingii, Sowb. is C. gigantea,

Sowb.

Plate 10, fig. 1, 2. Voluta armata? Lam. var. is V. Miltoni, -

Gray.

ERRATA.

Through an oversight the following errata haye occurred: —

In pages 142 to 156, for Tab. L, read Tab. VIL., for Tab. A

read Tab. VIII., and for Plate III., read Plate X., wherever oc-

curring.

re eves

wks cope otvaky tiv sash appeal

wf Se Cabloguy of ay Oslien > 20

Pine, YA. Dili nietes, Netia, i Valianwse Pe

La Che Lent em 27, Nin &

o> MM hd —T > 1oeeals 4 ies Ni lie oe oP,

; 4

i, wae A WA lieve ings

i Fee, | ™- 4

s Lye. Not. Hrst. Vol. IV. PLATE VIL

<> 5 Lith of G. & W. Endicott New York

PLATE VII.

Lyc. Nat. Hist. Vol. IV.

Lith. of 6. WW. Endtce

©. Nat. Hrst.Vol. IV.

PLATE IX.

wid Lot

; ——

Lith of G6 &W Endicott.

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EW Endicott.

SOUTHERN

ICHTHYOLOGY;

A DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHES |

INHABITING THE WATERS

SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA.

BY JOHN EDWARDS HOLBROOK, M.D.,

| Professor of Anatomy in the Medical College of the State of South Carolina; Member of the Royal

Medical Society of Edinburg ; Corresponding Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia; of the Massachusetts Medical Society ; of the American Academy

of Arts and Sciences, Boston; of the New-York and Baltimore Lyceums

of Natural History, and of the Boston Natural History Society.

| EACH NUMBER WILL CONTAIN FROM EIGHT 'FO TEN COLORED

ENGRAVINGS FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS,

BY J. H. RICHARD, Esq.

Tue Sournern Icnrnyoroey will be published in Philadelphia by J. H. Ricwarp,

_ in quarto numbers, every two months, and will embrace full descriptions of the or-

| ganization, habits, and localities of the Fisures inhabiting the waters of South Caro-

lina, Georgia and Florida.

‘Tenms.—Onve Dollar per number. 'The work, it is expected, will be completed

in two or three years.

Vol. IV. AUGUST, 1846. Nos. 6, 7.

| 3 ANNALS

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY |

NEW-YORK.

New-Vork:

PUBLISHED FOR THE LYCEUM,

BY STANFORD AND SWORDS,

No. 139 BROADWAY.

1846. {

PRINTED BY JOHN R. Mi’Gown, No. 128 FuLton-STREET, N, ¥.

”

Description of a New Species or Anser, by Gronce N.

Lawrence. Read March 16th, 1846.

ANSER NIGRICANS. ‘

BLACK-BELLIED GOOSE.

Speciric cuaracter.—A large white patch on the middle of

the neck in front, and extending on the sides; belly brownish

black ; bill higher than broad at the base.

Bill black, legs and toes black tinged with flesh color, iris dark

hazel; head black, tinged with brownish rufons adjoining the bill,

with a dirty white line under the eye; neck and tore part of the

breast black; a large white patch on the centre of the neck inter-

mixed with black, except at the lower part, where it forms a dis-

tinct band of pure white, it is nearly two inches in width, round-

ing on each side of the neck and almost meeting behind; belly

brownish black, sides brownish ash margined with white; back

dark brown, each feather margined with a lighter shade; rump-

feathers black ; axillars and lower wing-coverts greyish black ; tail

black, consisting of sixteen feathers ; upper and lower tail-coverts

white ; wings black, extending half an inch beyond the tail; sec-

ond primary one line longer than the first; third half an inch

shorter ; vent white.

Length 22% inches; alar extent 44; bill a little higher than

broad, measures along the ridge 13, inches; from gap 12;

lower mandible 14; tarsus 24; middle toe 2; outer 13; inner 13;

weight 3 pounds.

I have taken the above description and figure from an adnlt

female procured at Egg Harbor, N. J.,in January. Since then

two others have been obtained at the same place, one of which I

have in my possession. On dissection it proves to be a male. It

agrees in markings with the female, but is evidently a younger

172 New Species of Anser.

bird, being somewhat lighter in the color of its plumage. From

this I infer they become darker by age. It is a little larger than

the female, the bill being also stouter, measuring % in. high at the

base. When on a shooting excursion some years since, at Egg

Harbor, I noticed a bird flying at some distance from us, which

our gunner said was a Black Brant. This was the first intimation

{ had of such a bird. Upon further inquiry of him, he informed

me he had seen them occasionally, but they were not common. I

have learned from Mr. Philip Brasher, who has passed much time

at that place, that speaking to the gunners about them, they said

they were well known there by the name of Black Brant, and one

of them mentioned that he once saw a flock of five or six together.

From these facts it appears to be known to gunners, but has

heretofore escaped the notice of ornithologists. With all my in-

quiries I have not been able to procure any before this winter. I

think it a good and well-marked species.

A DescripTivE CATALOGUE of the GEODEPHAGOUS COLEOP-

TERA inhabiting the United States east of the Rocky Moun-

tains. By Joun L. Le Conte. Read May 25, 1846.

Tue great number of works necessary in prosecuting even the

most simple inquiry in natural history, is often felt to be a very

serious inconvenience. Many, no doubt, are deterred from entering

upon the study of certain departments of science by the utter im-

possibility of ever acquiring even a moderate knowledge of the

proposed subject, without the aid of a voluminous and expensive

library. This inconvenience is most sensibly felt by the student

who turns his attention to the insects of the United States: so scat-

tered, indeed, are the descriptions to be examined, that there is

scarcely a scientific society in Europe, whose transactions do not

contain some of our native species. It is to be regretted that col-

lecturs have fallen into the practice of distributing large numbers

of apparently the same species, without first submitting them to

close inspection. So nearly allied are many species, in every part

of the globe, that even with the most accurate descriptions, it re-

quires much labor to identify them. An example of this may be

found in the genus Brachinus, of which this synopsis contains a

monograph. The characters are quite evident on comparing the

species together, but being mostly dependent on minute differ-

ences in form, can scarcely be expressed in a description. It has

been my custom, in such cases, to lay particular stress on these

slight differences, by making the description in some degree com-

parative. A reference from one species to another is, I am aware,

not looked upon with a favorable eye, as it presupposes that the

collection of the student is at least tolerably extensive ; for the

most neatly allied species are frequently inhabitants of very different

regions. Still there are cases in which it was considered advis-

able to make such a reference, in order to avoid an absolute de-

scription, which would be so long and tedious as to be nearly use-

less. Hoping that some more attentive and industrious observer

may have better success in seizing on the specific characters of

174 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

our Brachini, and in determining which forms are really distinct,

and which are varieties, I shall remain content with haying pointed

out, in an exceedingly imperfect manner, those which appeared to

me to be at least as deserving of distinct names, as those described

by preceding authors. It is possible that farther observation may

tend to diminish this overgrown genus, by showing that the species

are subject to certain variations in form, such as is pointed out

under the genus Galerita. The relation between the latter and

Brachinus appears not to be sufficiently insisted on by authors ;

and I imagine that the similarity of appearance produced by form

and color will be found connected with a very near agreement of

structure. In the cabinet of Dr. Zimmermann, of South Carolina,

there is a species of Galerita which possessed the power of excret-

ing a highly volatile and acrid fluid in the same manner as a Bra-

chinus.

It has been a natural consequence of the exceedingly discursive

manner in which our native species have been published, that

many, which were described years ago, have lately made their ap-

pearance under new names. The following catalogue is intended

to remedy in part this difficulty, although, from the limited num-

ber of works which have been accessible to the author, it is not,

perhaps, as complete as it might have been. Still, however, in the

synonymy contained in it, there are points of interest, and to render

it eventually a complete synopsis of the Adephaga of our republic,

the author would invite the co-operation of other entomologists,

who no doubt have it in their power greatly to extend and improve

the present attempt. Thus far, all the species mentioned are in

the possession of the author, who will gladly avail himself of any

opportunity of referring to, or describing any species which has

not as yet fallen under his notice.

The writer, feeling that the distinguished liberality manifested

towards him by Messrs. Me.snemer, D. Zieauer, and S. 8. Hat-

pEMAN, calls for something more than a verbal acknowledgement,

takes the present opportunity of returning thanks for the prompti-

tude with which they have in every instance sacrificed even unique

specimens, which were wanting to complete his cabinet,

GEODEPHAGA. MacLeay.

Fam. 1. CICINDELID. Leach.

MEGACEPHALA. Latreille.

carolina. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus.

virginica. Fabr. ibid. Habitat cum priore, et ad flumen

Arkansas prope montes.

CICINDELA. Linné.

unipunctata. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth; Say Trans. Am-

Phil. Soc. N.S., vol. I, pl. xiii.

@ immaculata. Habitat in provinciis australibus, et occi-

dentalibus.

pu Ichra. Say Journal Ac. Nat. Se. of Philad., Vol. IIL.

Tab. XIII. fig. 1.

ze macula humerali obsoleta.

6 Elytris immaculatis. Habitat prope fluvii Arkansas sca-

turigines.

3. modesta.

A viridis maculis albis. C.rugi frons Dej. Sp. Gen.

denticulata. Hentz. Trans.

Am. Phil.Soc. N.S.,Vol. III, pl. ii.

« Hlytris macula superiore obsoleta.

6 Elytris concoloribus. C. uantcolor Dej. Sp. Gen.

B Niger. maculis albis. C. obscura SayTrans.Am.Phil

Soc. loc. cit.

modesta Pal. De Beauv.

De}. Sp. Gen.

176 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

‘. z : so oe er F

«et ® ut supra. Habitat in locis variis in provinciis orien-

talibus, mediis et australibus.

4. scutellaris. Say Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Philad., Vol. III.

Tab. XIII. fig. 2.

« macula media marginali lunulaque terminali albis. Hab-

itat ad furcationem fluminis Platte.

5, sex-guttata. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth: Say Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc. N.S.,. Voli pl aan.

e maculis duabus mediis elytralibus connexis fasciam flex-

uosam formantibus.

6 maculis duabus mediis distinctis.

y macula media interiore obsoleta.

¢ immaculata. a. viridis.

b. coerulea. C. violacea. Fabr. Syst.

Eleuth. Habitat in provinciis omnibus communius.

6. splendida. Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S., Vol. III1-

pl. ii.

e maculis albis nullis. Habitat in provincis australibus.

7, Audubonti. Le Conte, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol.

V., pl. xviii.

Species hecce a C. purpuree varietate viridi facile dignosci-

tur, labro breviore, antice quadrato: thorace angustiore, paulo

convexiore lateribus magis rotundatis postice minus retractis ;

margine elytrorum reflexo angustiore, humeris minus rotunda-

tis, fasciaque flexuosa breviore. Mas sepissime niger, foemina

rarius nigra, et plerumque viridis.

In exemplis nigris, palpi, antenne, pedes et abdomen nigra sunt.

Habitat ad flumina Platte, et Yellowstone.

Ss. purpurea. Oliv. Ins: Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. loc.

cit. sup.

marginalis, Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat ubique.

Hance speciem margo extimus elytralis, semper cuprascens dig-

noscit. Elytrorum color a cupreo ad viridem transit: fascia

media flexuosa seepe obsoleta est, semper vestigia tamen man-~

ent, semperque obliqua sunt.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 177

9. limbalis. Klug. Jahrbiicher der Entomologie. Erster

Band.

Variat purpurea vel cuprea; macula quoque sepe fere obsole-

ta; thorax quam in precedente paulo convexior; margo elytro-

rum extimus reflexus, capitis pars postica, thoracisque depressa,

semper cceruleo-yirides: fascia flexuosa media exterius semper

marginem perpeudiculariter ferit.

Habitat in Orange Co., Novi Eboraci.

10. *amoena. Tab. XIII. fig. 3. Cuprea; thorace antice et pos-

tice, elytrorumque margine viridi : elytris macula hu-

merali,lateralique ad quadrantem, fascia media subflex-

uosa, et lunula apicali albis. Exemplum unicum

prope provincie Missouri terminum occidentalem

inventum.

Palpi nigri: caput et thorax aureo-cuprea: labrum breve,

tridentatum, album; thorax antice quam in precedentibus dua-

bus minus dilatatus, lateribus minus rotundatus, partibus de-

pressis aureo-viridibus. Scwtellum aureo-viride. Elytra magis

parallela, cuprea; sutura et margine viridibus; vitta ejusdum

coloris marginem adjungit, sicut in preecedentibus ; macula par-

va humerali, secunda marginali inter humerum et fasciam me-

diam perpendiculariter orientem, minus quam in C. limbali flex-

uosam; lunulaque terminali margine viridi divisa, albis. Sub-

tus viridis, pilis sparsis albis: pedes viridi-aurei.

11.* spreta. Obscure nigro-anca subviridescens, thorace lateribus

viz rotundato, postice leviter retracto ; elytris minus

convexis subparallelis, viridi-marginatis, gutta ad

quadrantem, fascia media angulato-flexuosa, lunula-

que terminali interrupta ochroleucis, subtus viridi-

enea. Habitat ad Eastport, in provincia Maine;

museo Dom. Harris. Tab. XIII. fig. 7.

Obscure nigro-eznea, subviridescens, subtus viridi-zenea. <An-

tenne et palpi nigri. Mandibule nigre macula basali albida,

Labrum omnino sicut in C. purpurea. Caput ad latera rugose

178 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

striatum, medio et postice subtiliter eranulatum, antice obso-

lete transverse rugosum. T'horax latitudine summa non bre-

vior, antice et postice truncatus, lateribus vix rotundatus, pos-

tice leviter retractus, basi coleopteris vix duplo angustior, antice

et postice profunde transverse impressus, linea longitudinali

tenui, disco modice convexus, subtiliter granulatus. Elytra

thorace fere sesqui latiora subparallela humeris leviter obtusis,

minus rotundatis ; minus convexa; margine lato, cceruleo-viridi

obscuro, margineque tenuissimo reflexo, obscure viridi-aureo ;

gutta parva rotundata submarginali ad quadrantem ; fascia me-

dia perpendiculariter oriente, dein obtuse angulata, incurvata-

que; lunulaque apicali margine viridi divisa, guttam rotundatam

maculamque terminalem formante, ochroleucis.

Oss.—Precedentibus quatuor similis. A C. Audubonii, tho-

race minus convexo, labro longiore, fasciaque elytrali perpen-

diculariter oriente distincta, A C. purpurea et limbali, thorace

angustiore, postice multo minus retracto dignoscitur.

12. patruela. Dej. Sp. Gen. Gould. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.

Vola plan.

z Olivacea, maculis solitis.

6 Obscure nigra, maculis solitis. C.consentanea.

Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat apud montes provinciarum

orientalium, et mediarum.

13. longilabris. Say. Long’s Exped. to the Sources of the

St. Peter’s River, Vol. II.

albilabris. Kirby-Richardson. Fauna Bor. Americana.,

Vol. 1V. pl. I. Variat obscure enea; maculis sepe

obsoletis. Habitat Mackinaw insulam, et ad Lacum

Superiorem,

14. obsoleta. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Philad. Vol. III.

Tab. XIII, fig. 4.

# Gutta alba elytrali obsoleta.

6 Sericeo-viridis ; immaculata. Habitat prope flumen Ar-

kansas, ad montes: £.1 millia passuum infra Bent’s

Fort inventa.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 179

+ 2

15. vulgaris. Say. Trans. Am. Phil.Soc. N.S. Vol. I. pl. xiii.

obliquata. Dej. Sp. Gen.

# Maculis obsoletis. Habitat ad flumen Ohio.

8 Viridis, maculis solitis. Habitat in territorio Oregonensi.

Species hzcce ubique communius invenitur. Ill. Dom. Kirby

(Richardson Fauna Bor. Am.) C. obliquatam (Dej.) et C. vul-

garem (Sayi) pro diversis habet: sed characteres date obscu-

re, et variabiles videntur.

16. fulgida. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Soc. of Philad., Vol. III.

Tab. XIII, fig. 5.

Habitat prope Platte, supra furcationem.

17.*venusta. Tab. XIII, fig.6. Rubro-cuprea, thorace fulgi-

do; elytris margine, lunula humerali obliqua, fascia

refracta media, lunulaque terminali late albis. Ha-

bitat apud flumen Platte.

Supra rubro-cuprea, thorace fulgidiore, impressionibus viridt

micantibus, subtus viridi-cyanea, hirsuta. Palpi virides. Man-

dibule nigre, macula magna basali alba. Labrum magnum

porrectum, antice exterius sinuatum, album, dentibus tribus mi-

nutis medianis. Caput viridi et cupreo-micans: thorax lateri-

bus paulo rotundatus, impressionibus transversis profundis, linea

longitudinali tenui. E/ytra subparallela, margine laterali, lunula

humerali obliqua, exadversum fasciam mediam refractum latam

desinente; fascia ad extremitatem dilatata est, et exadversum

lunulam apicalem desinit; omnibus late albis. Hpipleure viri-

des ; elytrorum apex serrata.

Species haecce a C. formosa (Sayi,) valde referente, facile dig-

noscitur; labro majore; thorace paulo angustiore; lunula hu-

merali longiore obliqua, fasciaque media subito refracta, angu-

lum fere rectum formante ; elytris quoque apice serratis,

is. generosa. Dej. Sp. Gen.; Gould. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist,

Vol. II. pl. ii.

Fascia media in hac specie, refracta, sed quam in prece-

dente brevior; lunula humeralis brevis est; et elytra apice

180 Catalogue of the Gerdephagous Coleoptera.

simplicia: colore obscuro semper gaudet. Habitat in locis

diversis provinciarum mediarum: exempla pauca prope

fluminis Mississippi scaturigines inveni.

19. formosa. Say. Am. Entomology. Vol. I. pl. 18 et loc.

cit. sup.

Variat rubro-cuprea vel purpurea; lunula humeralis val-

de abbreyiata, et non obliqua; fascia media flexuosa, non

refracta: errore Ill. Com. Dejean elytra apice serrata

dicit. Habitat prope flumina Platte, et Arkansas.

20. repanda. Dej. Sp. Gen.

hirticollis. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Soc. of Philad. Vol. I:

Gould, loc. cit.sup. Species hecce ubique redundat.

21. hirticollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S. Vol. I. pl.

13.

albohirta. Dej. Sp. Gen: Gould Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.

Vol. IT. pl. iii.

In locis maritimis arenosis omnibus; prope lacus Ontario

et Superiorem habitat; ad flumina Platte et Arkansas

prope montes rarius invenitur. Ad infinitum variat, macu-

lis tum obsoletis, tum conspicuis.

22, variegata. Dej. Sp. Gen.

marginata? Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

marginata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S. Vol. I. pl.

Xiii.

Habitat in locis diversis ad maris oras.

23. blanda. Dej. Sp. Gen.

« Dejeanio descripta: elytris fusco-olivaceis, maculis solitis

angustis. Habitat ad flumina Connecticut, Roanoke,

et St. Croix, in territorio Wisconsin.

@ Elytris cupreo-fulgidis, maculis latioribus. lumen Ar-

kansas prope montes.

y Fusca: maculis latissimis ita ut elytra alba videntur,

lineis paucis fuscis notata. Ad fluvium Canootchee,

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 181

Georgie. Elytra in fceminis apice profunde sinuata,

fere dentata.

24, dorsalis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S. Vol. L. pl. xiii.

signata. Dej. Sp. Gen.

# Elytra immaculata.

Habitat ad maris oras: nomen C. dorsalis. ab Ill. DD.

Klug et Dejean speciei alteree impositum, preoccupatum et

ideo mutandum est.

25. lepida. Dej. Sp. Gen.

Tab. XIII. fig. 8.

Habitat prope urbem Trenton Nove Cesaree ; et ad

maris oras insula Longe Noveboraci. Elytra foeminarum

profunde sinuata.

26. *ni grocoerulea. Tab. XIV, fig. 9. Nigro-subpurpurea :

thorace crassiusculo, subrotundato ; elytris linea im-

pressionum cerulearum juxta suturam. Habitat ad

flumen Arkansas.

Nigra, obscura ; subpurpureo-micans. Labrum album, breve,

antice quadratum, medio paulo porrectum, dentibus tribus minu-

tis indistinctis: mandibule nigre macula basali alba: palpi

nigro-viridescentes. Caput minute granulatum, rugis paucis

prope oculos minus protrusos. Thoraz latitudine caput equans ;

convexior, lateribus rotundatis, levis, rugulis paucis indistinctis

versus medium: impressionibus transversis bene notatis, linea

longitudinali angusta. E/ytra sericeo-micantia, punctata: par-

tibus prope scutellum elevatis, levibus, thorace quadrante lati-

ora; elongatiora, postice, regulariter rotundata ; impressionibus

nonnullis parum profundis ; lineaque punctorum variolosorum

cceruleorum prope suturam sicut in C. punctulata.

27, duodecim-guttata. Dej. Sp. Gen.

proteus. Kirby Richardson’s Faun. Bor, Am. Vol. IV. pl.1.

In provinciis Atlanticis, ad Mississippi scaturigines, et prope

Rocky Mts. habitat.

2s. trifasciata. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

182 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

tortuosa. De}. Sp. Gen.

Tab. XIV, fig. 10.

Habitat in provinciis australibus in orizaceis.

29. punctulata. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth: Say. Trans. Am. Phil.

30.

31.

Soc. N.S. Vol. I. pl. xiii.

# nigra, maculis plus minusve conspicuis. Habitat ubique.

B major, sericco-viridis. C.mtcans. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

Habitat prope Rocky Mts.

Hentzii. Dej. Sp. Gen.

haemorrhoidalis. Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.N.S.

Vol. IIT. pl. ii: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. Vol.

II. pl. iii.

Habitat prope Boston, provincize Massachusetts. Nomen

hemorrhoidalis ante annum 1825, Wiedemanno speciei al-

tere datum: Dejeanianum ideo retinendum est.

marginipennis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

Tab. XIV, fig. 11.

Species hec pulchra prope urbem Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,

mensibus Julio et Augusto, ad fluminis ripas inyenta.

32. *cincti pennis. Tab. XIV, fig. 12." Nigra, vel obscure

olivacea: thorace latiore ; elytris margine lato, pos-

tice subdilatato, ramo humerali, fasciaque media in-

Jra tendente tenuibus, albis, subtus nigra, vel viridis.

Habitat apud Rocky Mountains.

Sub-cylindrica, nigra, velobscure olivacea, subtus viridis. La-

%rum album, longitudine plus duplo latior, dentibus tribus parvis

antice instructum; angulis anticis rectis: palpi pallidi, articulo

ultimo nigro: antenne erate. Thorax latiusculus, lateribus

rotundatus; impressionibus transversis distinctis, partibus vicinis

depressis : subtiliter granulatus: lateribus albo-pilosis. /ytra

apice spina minutissima instructa punctis parvis variolosis ad-

spersa (in varietate olivacea coeruleo-micantibus): parallela,

subelongata, thorace paulo latiora; margine toto lato postice

subdilatato albo, ramo obliquo descendente, alteroque medio, qui

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 183

subito inflexus oblique deorsum tendit, et ad dodrantem desinit,

tenuibus. Pedes virides, epipleure brunnee margine extimo viri-

di, postice abbreyiato. In varietate nigra, ubi color viridis est,

niger evadit: in aliis margo albus subinterruptus est.

33. pusilla. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S. Vol. I, pl. xiii.

#« macula humeralis cessat.

8 macula media deest.

y immaculata. Habitat ad flumen Platte, supra furcatio-

nem.

34. abdominalis. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

Tab, XIV, fig. 13.

Habitat in pinetis, locis arenosis nigris.

35. *celeri pes. Tab. XIV, fig. 14. MNigro-subnea, sub-apte-

ra: capite magno, oculis valde exstantibus ; thorace

angusto, cylindrico ; elytris subpilosis, margine pos-

tico interrupto, guttisque duabus parvis albis: sutu-

ra acuminata. Habitat ad fluminis Kansas Republi-

can Fork.

Nigro-znea obscura, alis rudimentalibus: antenne elongate :

palpi pallidi, articulo ultimo viridi-aureo, dabrum album mag-

num, conyexum, utrinque antice oblique decisum dein perpen-

diculare: dentibus tribus minutissimis: caput magnum, medio

levissime granulatum ad latera rugose striatum, oculis valde ex-

stantibus. Thorax subcylindricus, elongatus, antice paulo latior,

impressionibus transyersis distinctis, linea longitudinali nulla ;

rugosus, ad latera subpilosus, maculis duabus oblongis, granulo-

sis, obscurioribus, Elytra basiangusta, ad dodrantem ampliata,

dein rotundata, (sutura valde producta, acuminata) ; crebre punc-

tata, pilis albis sparsis ; subzenea, obscuro-variegata, gutta parva

ad quadraniem, altera paulo pone medium, prope suturam, mar-

gineque postico, ad dodrantem interrupto, albis. Subtus viridis

pectus dense albopilosum, pedes elongati, cuprascentes.

184 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

SPECIES SEQUENTES IN MUSEO NOSTRO DESUNT.

Amblycheila, Say.cylindriformis. Say. Journ. Ac.

ton us, Esch. Nat. Sc. Vol. III. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains basin.

Cicindela decemnotata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

N.S. Vol.I; Am. Ent. Vol. I, pl.

18, iconnequam. Habitat ad ripas

fluminis Missouri.

limbata. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc, Vol. III.

Habitat ad flumen Platte.

Saulcyi. Guer. Revue Zool. Oct. 1840. Hab-

itat Floridam.

venusta. Ferté ibid. 1841, p. 37.

gratiosa. Guer. ibid. Habitat cum priore.

terricola. Say. Long’s Exped. to the Sources

of the St. Peter’s River, Vol. II.

Habitat in territorio Caurino.

rufiventris. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ad

montes in provinciis australibus.

circumpicta. Ferté Rev. Zool. 1841. Ha-

bitat in Texas.

togata. Ferté ibid. Habitat in Texas.

severa. Ferté ibid. Habitat in Texas.

een 0 0 0 0 0, 0 OOOO

Fam. Il. CARABIDAL. Leach.

Sub. Fam I.—Brachinides.—W estwood.

Brachinida.—McLeay.

Truncatipennes.-—Lat.

Catalogue of the Gieodephagous Coleoptera. 185

CASNONIA. Latreille.

1. pennsylvanica. Linné, (Attelabus). Habitat ubique.

LEPTOTRACHELUS. Lat.

SPHERACRA. Say.

1. dorsalis. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat in Georgia, et Mis-

souri rarius, et NovEboraco rarissime.

GALERITA. Fabr.

1, janus. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

cyanipennis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

« bicolor. Drury. =americana. Dej. Sp. Gen.

6 cordicollis. Chaudoir. Bull. de la Soc. Imp. des

Nat. Moscou.

vy longicollis. ibid.

) dubia. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phil. Vol.

I. Habitat ubique. « et y in prov. mediis, reliqui

in australibus.

2. Lecontei. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat in prov. australibus.

Num hec insecta, que pro varietatibus habeo, revera species

distinctze sint, dubitandum est. EE thoracis forma, et striarum

elytralium punctatione characteres deducuntur: G. LeContei ta-

men in thoracis forma zque variat. Ex examinatione assidua

speciminum fere centum, in turmas duas distribuantur: turma

prima pro typo G. Janum habet, formas novem complectit ;

thoracis forma, extremitate hec G. longicollis (Chaudoir) illa

vera G. cordicollis (ejusdem) disposita: elytrorum tamen punc-

tatione, G. bicolor (Drury,) et G. dubia (LeC.) situs congruentes

occupant. Quicquid in rebus hisce dubium, collectione aucta

determinare spero.

Turma secunda pro typo G. Lecontei habens formas quatuor

distinctas a thorace deductas includit. Character distinctus qui

ab omnibus aliis hanc speciem segregat, e pilorum in elytra posi-

tione oritur: cum insectum in positione quadam tenetur, spa-

186 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

tium triangulare obscurum in disci medio apparet, dum pars

reliqua lucem reflectit.

——_—_—

DIAPHORUS. * Dej.

Lecontei. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in prov. australibus raris-

sime.

CYMINDIS. Lat.

TARUS. Clair.

§ 1. Tarsorum anticorum articulus penultimus bifidus.

laticollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV.

Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

cribricollis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

marginatus. Kirby-Richardson, Fauna Boreali Am.

a Brunnea, macula humerali brunneo-testacea. Habitat

cum priore.

venator. Dej. Habitat NoyEboraci, rarius.

americana. Dej. Habitat NovEboraci.

pilosa. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. 8. Vol. I.

pubescens. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique.

a violaceo micante.

fB testacea.

"elegans. Brunneo-picea, elytrorum margine, antennis pedi-

busque pallidioribus : thorace sparse punctato, corda-

to, convexo: elytris striatopunctatis, interstitus serie

punctorum. ong.*41 unc lat. 15 unc. Habitat in

provinciis australibus.

Brunneo-picea, nitida: antenne et palpi brunnei: caput inter

oculos sparse punctatum. Thorax \atitudine longitudinem

wequante, convexus, subcordatus, antice profunde emarginatus,

angulis anticis valde rotundatis ; lateribus rotundatis, basi retrac-

tis, angulis posticis obtusis, elevatis, dente parvo obtuso brevis-

simo instructis; basi incurvo: margine tenui reflexo, prope

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 187

angulos posticos paulo latiore; impressionibus transversis satis

distinctis, linea longitudinali tenui: sparse punctatus, grossius

ad latera. E/ytra brunneo-marginata, margine ad humerum

indistincte dilatato ; convexiuscula, basi angustiuscula, humeris

valde rotundatis, minime exstantibus, usque ad dimidium levi-

ter ampliata, apice rotundata, levissime sinuata, vix truncata ;

striata, striis punctatis; interstitiis planis, serie punctorum no-

tatis. Swbtus et pedes brunnei. Thoracis forma priorem refert.

7.neglecta. Punctata, obscure ferruginea, pubescens, capite

thoraceque nigro-piceis, elytris grosse crenato-striatis,

pedibus ferrugineis. Long.*3 une. lat.-1l unc. Ha-

bitat in Pennsylvania, a Dom. Ziegler benevole data.

C. neglecta. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I.

C.unicolor? Kirby-Richardson F. Bor. Am. Vol.

IV.

Habitus C. pilose, at duplo minor, obscure ferruginea, sparse

pubescens. Caput majusculum nigro-piceum, ore, antennis, pal-

pisque ferrugineis ; antice fere leve, postice sparse punctatum :

oculis parvis valde exstantibus. Thorax nigro-piceus, capite

non longior, et vix latior, leviter cordatus, antice fere truncatus.

basi leviter rotundato, utrinque valde obliquo, Jateribus prope

basin recurvis, margine angusto reflexo, angulis posticis valde

obtusis, apice non rotundatis; disco modice convexus, sparse

grosse punctatus; linea longitudinali profundissima, utrinque

paulo abbreviata, impressionibus transversis indistinctis. E/y-

tra thorace paulo latiora, latitudine duplo longiora, fere paral-

lela, apice rotundato-truncata; anguste striata, striis externe

grosse crenato-punctatis, postice levioribus, interstitiis punctis

minutis subseriatim positis ; pedes ferruginei.

§ 2. Articulus penultimus tarsorum omnium bifidus.

s. lucidula. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat in Georgia, Pennsylva-

nia, et NovEboraco rarissime ; macula humerali ob-

scure testacea in specimina duo mihi visa, sed in de-

scriptione Dejeaniana non apparet.

188 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

9. *amoena. Caruleo-viridis, nitens ; thorace basi punctato ;

elytris profunde striato-punctatis. Long. *375 lat.

185. Habitat ad Long’s Peak, Rocky Mountains.

Ceeruleo-viridis, metallico-nitens ; antenn@ nigra, articulis tri-

bus primis subtus macula parva ferruginea: caput ad latera

leviter rugosum et punctatum, impressicnibus frontalibus obliquis

brevibus latis. Thorax latitudine longitudinem excedente, con-

vexus, subcordatus, lateribus rotundatus, basi retractus, mar-

gine tenui reflexo postice latiore, angulis posticis leviter elevatis,

obtusis; basi ad latera oblique truncato; impressionibus trans-

versis, et linea longitudinali profundis ; rugulis transversis, disco

obsoletis, obtectus ; antice punctis paucis; basi punctatus. Ely-

tra subconyexa, subparallela, humeris rotundatis, apice recte

truncata; striata, striis profundis, punctatis, interstitiis convexis

punctis parvis sparsis. Pedes nigri.

10.*viridicollis. Ceruleo-viridis; capite et thorace viridi-

aneis, hoc basi punctato ; elytris levissime striatis, ob-

solete punctatis. Long. *305 unc. lat. 13 unc. Ha-

bitat cum priore.

Priorem refert. Cceruleo-viridis : caput viridi-aureum, ad late-

ra rugosum et punctatum, impressionibus frontalibus longioribus

acutioribus; antenne nigre, articulis tribus primis ferrugineis

apice nigris. Thorax fere ut in priore, minus tamen conyexus,

angulis posticis magis exstantibus; rugulis obtectus, ad latera

valde rugosus. E/ytra antice angustiuscula, humeris valde ro-

tundatis, usque ad medium leviter ampliata, apice recte trunca-

ta; tenuissime striata, striis levissime punctatis ; interstitiis pla-

nis, punctis paucis obsoletis, ad latera distinctioribus. Pedes

nigri. C. viridi (Dej.) affinis.

ll. purpurea. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Praecedentes

duas valde refert, sed purpurea, et valde depressior :

thorax ad basin minus retractus, angulis valde obtu-

sis, impressione basali profundiore, viridi-micante,

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 189

Elytra minus punctata sub-parallela, striato-punctata,

interstitiis omnino planis, obsoletissime punctatis :

antenne nigre, articulis tribus primis ferrugineis :

pedes nigro-cerulei. Habitat cum priore.

sinuata. Say. Trans Am. Phil. Soc.

pustulata. Dé. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis.

limbata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

@ macula humerali cessante.

fuscata. Dej.Sp. Gen. Priorem refert ; thorace tamen

longiore basi angustiore, lateribus minus late de-

presso, angulis posticis minus obtusis, linea longitu=

dinali leviore, antice abbreviata. Habitat in provin-

ciis australibus.

platicollis. Say. Trans, Am. Phil. Soc. (Lebia.)

complanata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique.

# Thorace ferrugineo fusco.

§ 3. Tarsis omnibus filiformibus.

piceus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Dromius). Habitat in provinciis

borealibus, et ad lacum Superiorem. Palporum ar-

ticulus ultimus maribus incrassatus, et securiformis

cum Cymindi conyenit. Habitu omnino Dromic

dissimilis,

CALLEIDA. Dej.

viridi pennis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (Cymindis.)

marginata. Dej. Sp. Gen.

prasina. Mels. Cat. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

fulg ida. Dej. Habitat in prov. australibus.

decora. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat etiam in provinciis

australibus.

. punctata. EHlongata, viridis; capite nigro, thorace,

pectoribus, et pedibus rufis, genubus nigris: elytris

90 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis sub-convexis.

Long. 28 lat. 09. Habitat ad flumen Kansas.

C. decoram valde refert. Minor, angustior, oculis vix promi-

nentibus ; antenne basi ferruginee. Thorax angustior, multo

convexior, lateribus tenuissime marginatus; impressione trans-

versa anteriore minus profunda, sed multo magis punctata. Ely-

tra convexiora, basi angustiora, usque ad dodrantem leviter sin-

uato-ampliata, profunde striato-punctata, interstitiis satis convex-

is, punctis parvis sparsis, tertio punctis quatuor majoribus. Sub-

tus sicut in C. decora.

smaragdina. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus.

AXINOPALPUS. gen. nov.

Corrvs depressum, subelongatum.

Tuorax latus, subdepressus, postice leviter retractus.

Parr maxillares elongatiusculi, tenues, articulo penultimo obco-

nico; ultimo dimidio longiore, versus apicem des-

crescente, apice paulo depresso, fere acuto.

labiales inflati, crassi, articulo ultimo magno, obconi-

co, subsecuriformi.

ANTENN articulo tertio quarto equante ; compressa, articulis

arcte connexis ; versus apicem levissime incrassate.

Ceteris genus hocce Dromium refert.

. biplagiatus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Dromius.) Habitat in pro-

vinciis mediis, et ad Rocky Mountains.

DROMIUS. Bonelli.

subsulcatus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci.

*cordicollis. Nigro-subencus, thorace valde cordato, ely-

tris subsulcatis, interstitio tertio punctis duobus.

Long. ‘17, lat. 065. Habitat NovEboraci; a Dom.

Jac. Thomson beneyole datus.

D. subsulecatum valde refert:; paulo major; caput idem.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 191

Thorax antice latior, paulo minus convexus, postice multo magis

retractus, cordiformis: linea longitudinali profundiore, integra :

impressione transversa anteriore profunda, angulata; posteriore

sicut in D. subsulcato satis distincta. Elytra profunde striato-

sulcata, striis quam in D. subsulcato paulo latioribus ; intersti-

tiis angustis, valde convexis, tertio punctis duobus.

3. *latens. Niger: elytris subencis, obsolete sulcatis. Tong.

"125, lat. 055. Habitat ad Mississippi scaturigines.

D. subsulcatum refert. Sed caput et thorax omnino niger ;

elytra subeenea, rubro-irrorata. Impressionibus frontalibus bre-

viollbus, profundioribus : thorax latior, multo minus convexus,

postice minus retractus: impressionibus transversis distinctis,

linea longitudinali medio profunda, utrinque paulo abbreviata.

Elytra minus profunde striata, striis fere indistinctis.

4. americanus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci, et

ad Lacum Superiorem.

5 an gustus. Niger, nitidus, elongatus, thorace lato, sub-

quadrato, postice angustiore, elytris parallelis, obsole-

tissime striatis ; abdomine longiore. Long. *135, lat.

045. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

D. americanum refert, sed multo longior et angustior. Niger

nitidus, elongatus : caput impressionibus obsoletis. Thorax sub-

quadratus, postice angustior, lateribus antice valde rotundatis,

quam in D. americano paulo convexior et levior: impressioni-

bus transversis vix distinctis, linea longitudinali levissime im-

pressa, utrinque abbreviata: angulis posticis obtusioribus, fove-

aque basali quam in D. americano profundiore. H/ytra paral-

lela, levissime striata, striis antice omnino obliteratis : abdomen

quam in speciebus alteris longius.

PLOCHIONUS. Dej.

1. timidus. Haldeman. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Se. of Phila.

Vol. I. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

192 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

2, amandus. Newman. Ent. Mag. Vol. V.

var. titatus. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Se. Ha-

bitat in Florida.

3. Bonfilsii. Dej. Sp. Gen. Hope Col. Man. Vol. IT. pl. 1.

Habitat in Pennsylvania rarissime, a Dom. Ziegler

datus. A. Ploch. timido differt thorace breviore, an-

tice minus angustato sed magis rotundato, elytris

angustioribus, fere parallelis, postice vix dilatatis,

paulo minus truncatis, colore necnon pallide ferru-

gineo, (nam P. timidus nigro-piceus est).

LEBIA. Latreille.

§ 1. Thorace latitudine brevior, postice non retractus vel vix

retractus, margine lato depresso.

1. *concinna. Rufa, punctata; elytris cyaneis, antice late

rufo marginatis ; abdomine nigro; tibiis, antennis-

que fuscis. Long. °31, lat.-155. Habitat ad Lacum

Superiorem.

Rufa; caput obscurius, dense punctatum; antenne et palpi

brunnei. Thorax punctatus antice vix emarginatus, angulis an-

ticis obtusis, lateribus rotundatis, depressis, angulis posticis rec-

tis, impressione transversa anteriore acute angulata, posteriore

recta, linea longitudinali inconspicua. Scute/lum utrinque im-

pressum. /ytra cyanea, nitidissima, macula magna basali rufa,

quadrantem occupante, quee ad suturam colore cyaneo extenso

propemodum in duas dividitur partes leviter striato-punctata ;

interstitiis sparse punctatis, tertio punctis tribus majoribus-

Subtus punctata, abdomen nigrum, tibie tarsique brumnei.

2. gran dis. Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat in pro-

vinciis australibus.

3. tricolor. Say. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat NoyEboraci ra-

rius, et ad Lacum Superiorem.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 193

4. *p leuritica. Rufa; elytris cyaneis, vel viridi-cyaneis,

striatis ; epipleuris rufis, abdomine nigro. Long. 28,

lat. 12. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. |

Rufa; caput triangulare, leviter rugosum, pone oculos valde

constrictum, impressionibus frontalibus distinctis, antice fovea

parva notatis ; foveaque altera ad oculi marginem ; antenne arti-

culis tribus primis nitidis, reliquis paulo obscurioribus. Thorax

rugosus, antice vix emarginatus, lateribus valde rotundatis, late

depressis, angulis posticis obtusis : impressione transversa ante-

riore obtuse angulata ; posteriore profundiuscula subrecta; linea

longitudinali capillari. Scutellum parvum rufum. Elytra cyan-

ea, vel viridi-cyanea, distincte striata, stria tertia punctis duobus

impressis; margine externo tenuissimo, epipleurisque rufo tes-

taceis. Abdomen nigrum, indistincte rugulosum.

Strie elytrales quam in L. atriventri profundiores sunt, sed

non sicut in L. tricolori excavate.

5. atriventris. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat in

provinciis mediis et occidentalibus.

6. viridipennis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

borea. Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil.Soc. Habitat cum priore.

7. *furcata. Rufa; elytris trivittatis, vitta media, suturali,

communi, antice furcata: pedibus nigris, femoribus

subtus flavescentibus. Long. °30, lat. -125. Habitat

ad flumen Platte, et ad Lacum Superiorem.

Rufa; caput antice rugulis indistinctis notatum; foveaque

parva prope antennarum originem ; palpi et oculi nigri; anten-

n@ articulo primo rufo; secundo et tertio rufis nigro-terminatis ;

reliquis nigro-fuscis. Thorax brevis, antice leviter emarginatus,

lateribus valde rotundatis, margine lato laterali et postico plano,

flavescente, angulis posticis subrectis, disco toto rugoso ; impres-

sionibus transversis satis distinctis, angulos in medium formanti-

bus, linea longitudinali profundiuscula. Elytra vittis tribus ni-

gris, postice paulo abbreviatis; suturali antice furcata; spatiis

194 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera

inter vittas exteriores et suturalem flavescentibus; leviter stria-

ta, interstitio tertio punctis tribus impressis. -Pedes nigri, femo-

ribus subtus, tibiisque extus flavescentibus.

s. pulcheila. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in prov. australibus.

9, fuscata. Dej. ibid. Habitat NovEboraci, etin provinciis

australibus.

#« Dimidio minor, vitta marginali cum macula suturali

paulo pone medium conjuncta. Habitat ad Lacum

Superiorem.

10. axillaris. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis australibus

et ad Rocky Mountains. Abdomine nonnunquam

pallido, sed szepius infuscato.

aptcalis. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Vol. 1. (Dromius.)

var. brunnea, Wald. ibid.

11. ornata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil Soc.

analis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci rarius.

12. scapu laris. Dej. Sp.Gen. Habitat NovEboraci, et ad

Rocky Mountains.

« Vitta elytrali postice marginem attingente.

13. * co nj un gens. Rufa; capite inter oculos tenuiter striato,

elytris vitta lata suturali, alteraque submarginali,

postice connexis, tibiis tarsisque nigris. Long.*2 une.

lat. :1. Habitat NovEboraci rarissime.

Rufa: palpi nigri, antenne fusce basi rufee. Caput triangu-

lare, postice profunde constrictum, oculis rotundatis valde exstan-

tibus, inter oculos tenuiter striatum et punctatum. Thorax fere

semicircularis, apice paulo truncatus, margine lato depresso,

transverse subtiliter rugosus, subnitidus, linea longitudinali pro-

funda. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora subquadrata, plana, apice

sinuato-truncata, profunde tenuiter striata, vitta lata communi

suturali ad striam 3iam extendente, alteraque a 5 ad 8vam pos-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 195

tice leviter dilatata, et cum suturali conjuncta, nigris. Pedes

nigri, femoribus basi, tibiis medio pallidis.

L. vittatam et scapularem valde refert ; huic autem pedes

ferruginei, illee caput striatum.

14, vittata. Fabr. Habitat ubique.

15. nigripennis. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus.

16. collaris. Dej. ibid. Habitat cum priore, et NovEboraci.

17. affinis. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

18. “*maculicornis. Obscure e@nea, antennarum articulo

tertio pedibusque pallidis. Wong. ‘16, lat. 075. Ha-

bitat in Georgia.

Obscure nea; antenne nigre, articulo tertio, quartoque basi

pallido. Thorax subquadratus, antice vix angustatus, subcon-

vexus, tenuissime marginatus, lateribus non depressis ; linea

longitudinali tenui; impressione transversa anteriore vix dis-

tincta, posteriore profunda, angulis posticis reflexis, subelevatis,

rectis: elytra cbscure viridicentia, tenuiter striata, interstitio

tertio punctis duobus : pedes pallidi.

19. smaragdula. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique.

20. viridis. Say et Dej. Habitat ubique.

21. pumila. Dej. Sp. Gen.

floricola. Harris, N. E. Farmer. Habitat in provinciis

mediis.

§ 21. Thorax convexus, cordatus, postice retractus, margine de-

presso nullo. ’

22, 4-vittata. Dej. Sp.Gen. Habitat in Alabama, a Dom.

Haldeman amice data.

93. abdominalis. Chaudoir Bul. de Soc. Imp. des Nat.

Moscou. Rufa, antennis obscuris basi testaceis, ca-

. pite elytrisque viridi-eneis, pectore, genubus tibiisque

ad apicem nigris. Long. *2 unc, lat. ‘08. Habitat

in Alabama, a D. Haldeman amice data.

196 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Rufa. Antenne obscure, articulis duobus primis testaceis

palpi picei, mandibule ferrugineee. Caput convexum pone

oculos profunde constrictum, collo brevi in thorace immissum,

sparse subtiliter punctatum ad oculos leviter rugosum, viridi-a-

neum nitidum. Oculi parvi modice exstantes. Thorax capite

vix latior, latitudine summa paulo brevior, subcordatus, lateribus

valde rotundatus, postice retractus, ad angulos posticos leviter

sinuatus, antice posticeque truncatus, disco convexo, leviter spar-

seque punctatus et rugosus ; impressione transversa anteriore vix

distincta, posteriore valde profunda recta, linea longitudinali

tenui. Scutellum brunneum. /ytra subquadrata thorace du-

plo latiora, postice recte truncata, obsoletissime striata, striis hic

illic punctatis, interstitiis planissimis. Postpectus nigrum ; femo-

ra ad apicem anguste infuscata: tibiis ad apicem tarsisque ni-

gris, his articulo quarto bifido sed non cordiformi.

COPTODERA. Dej.

Ly iridipen nis. Obscure viridis, antennarum basi ferrugi-

nea; elytris viridi-nitidis, tenue striatis. Long. ‘26,

lat.:11. Habitat in Alabama.

Obscure viridis; anxtenne articulis tribus primis ferrugineis,

reliquis fuscis. Thorax longitudine duplo latior, postice levissi-

me angustatus, lateribus valde rotundatis, angulis posticis vix

conspicuis, obtusissimis; margine basique depressus: linea lon-

gitudinali profunda, impressione transyersa anteriore indistincta,

posteriore profunda, punctoque basali distincta. Elytra viridi-

nitentia, thorace latiora, deplanata, humeris rotundatis, satis

prominentibus, lateribus leviter rotundatis postice oblique trun-

catis et sinuatis, tenuiter striata, striis versus apicem paulo pro-

fundioribus ; interstitiis planissimis, tertio punctis duobus. Sud-

tus nigra, pedes picei.

2. aerata. Knoch. Neue Beit. Habitat in provinciis australi-

bus.

3. Signata. Dej. Sp.Gep. Habitat cum priore.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 197

4, *collaris. Nigra; antennarum basi, pedibus, thorace (ex-

cepta macula mediali nigro picea) elytrorum margine

tenuissimo, maculaque apicali, testaceis, apice summo

brunneo. Long. ‘22 unc. lat.*1 unc. Habitat in

Georgia rarius.

Statura omnino C, signate. Caput nigrum vix nitidum leve,

oculis magnis prominulis. Antenne ferruginee, basi testacee.

Thoraz planus, capite paulo latior, latitudine summa sesqui bre-

vior, antice emarginatus, lateribus rotundatus, postice leviter re-

tractus, margine reflexo versus basin latiore ; linea longitudinali

profunda, impressionibus transversis tenuibus ; testaceus macu-

la discoidali ante medium nigro-fusca. E/ytva thorace fere ses-

qui latiora, subquadrata fere plana, postice sinuato-truncata ;

distincte striata; epipleuris, margine laterali tenuissimo, apica-

lique lato pallido, ad suturam quadratim dilatato apice summa

brunnea. Abdomen brunneum; pedes testaceo ferruginei.

C. signatam valde refert ; thorace tamen lateribus paulo mi-

nus rotundato, postice leviter angustato, elytrisque minus pro-

funde striatis : C. signata, porro, fascia transversa pallida ante

medium facile dignoscitur.

THYREOPTERUS. Dej.

EURYDERA. Lap.

fasciatus. Nigro-eneus nitidus, antennis, palpis, pedibus,

elytrisque pallidis ; his macula magna scutellari fas-

cia lata undulata apiceque fuscis. Wong *2 une, lat.

‘1. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

Coptodera fasciata. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I.

Nigro-eneus nitidus. Caput triangulare leve, puncto utrinque

frontali impresso, oculis parvis vix exstantibus, mandibule picez,

antenne palpique testacei. Thorax capite paulo brevior, longi-

tudine summa sesqui latior, subquadratus antice leviter emargin-

atus, lateribus ante medium valde rotundatis, pone medium rec-

tis, leviter retractis, basi recte truncato, angulis posticis obtusis

apice non rotundatis; disco minus convexus, impressione traas-

198 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

versa anteriore indistincta posteriore valde profunda recta, linea

longitudinali teuui, integra, basalibus parvis profundis, basi pone

impressionem transyersam subtilissime striato. Elytra thorace

basi sesqui latiora, latitudine summa longiora, subquadrata, sub-

plana, apice sinuato truncata; tenuiter striata, striis versus api-

cem paulo indistinctis, 1ma, 2ada que integris 3ia et 4ta paulo

abbreviatis, 5ta et 6ta conjunctim abbreviatis, 7m® integra versus

apicem incurvata; stria abbreviata ad suturam; pallide testacea

nitida ; sutura, macula magna communi subscutellari, altera ad

apicem, fasciaque communi lata ad suturam postice angulata

fusco eeneis; fascia nonnunquam medio pallida, guttas plures for-

mante; epipleuris testaceis. Subtus piceo-eneus ; pedes testa-

cei; metasternum medio ferrugineum. Habitus fere Notaphi.

Oss.—Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, sub-quadra-

tis ; intermedii fere filiformes.

APTINUS. Bonelli.

americanus. Dej. Cat.; LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Se.

of Phil. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

; ja nthin ipennis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ad Lacum On-

ondaga, N. Y.

BRACHINUS. Weber.

In speciebus omnibus boreali-americanis, caput et thorax fer-

ruginei, et elytra cyanescentia, viridescentia, vel nigricantia sunt.

alternans. Dej. Sp. Gen. Antenne fusce, articulis duobus

primis, tertiique basi ferrugineis; caput elongatum leve, postice

punctatum, impressionibus frontalibus profundis, leviter puncta-

tis. Thorax longitudine latitudinem excedens, antice leviter

emarginatus, capiti arcte conjunctus, angulis deflexis ; lateribus

usque ad dodrantem rotundatis sed vix ampliatis, dein contractis,

angulis posticis rectis paulo exstantibus: margine acute reflexo :

convexus, leviter punctatus; impressione transversa anteriore

angulata, profunda, posteriore distincta fere recta, linea longitu-

dinali satis impressa, basalibus parvis non profundis. Elytra

basi angusta, fere ad apicem ampliata, humeris valde rotundatis;

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 199

leviter punctata et pubescentia ; subcostata, costis externis obso-

letis, secunda et quarta paulo eminentioribus. Subtus fuscus;

pectora trochanteres et pedes ferruginei. Long. °615, lat. 285.

Habitat in provinciis australibus.

*ballistarius. Antenne sicut in B. alternante: caput

multo latius, oculis magis exstantibus, leve, postice punctatum,

impressionibus frontalibus minus profundis rugulosis. Thorax

latitudine longitudinem equans, antice latus, vix emarginatus,

angulis anticis non deflexis, rectis, paulo porrectis, lateribus ma-

gis rotundatis paulo ampliatis, prope basin valde contractis fere

strangulatis, angulis posticis acutis, subdivergentibus; margine

tenui reflexo; minus convexus, leviter rugosus; impressione

transversa anteriore margine approximata indistincta, posteriore

profunda, linea longitudinali tenuissima, basalibus distinctis satis

profundis. E/ytra antice latiora, humeris minus rotundatis,

lateribus vix ampliatis ; nigrocyanea, costata; costis 2nda et 4ta,

eminentioribus ; interstitiis profundioribus, pubescentibus, vix

punctatis. Subtus fuscus, trochanteres, pedes, et pectora medio,

ferruginea. Long. *59, lat. -255. Habitat NovEboraci.

Ad hance speciem forte referendus est B. tenuicollis (mihi

Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. loc. cit.): sed specimen unicum a quo fac-

ta est descriptio valde imperfectum est, et non recte conferen-

dum cum B. ballistario.

*similis. Statura et forma omnino B. ballistarii. Antenne

fuscz, articulis duvbus primis tertiique basi ferrugineis. Caput

elongatum, oculis prominulis, lave ; impressionibus frontalibus

latis, non profundis, leviter rugosis. Thorax latitudine caput

equans, longitudine paulo angustior, antice leviter emarginatus,

angulis non rotundatis acutiusculis ; lateribus usque ad medium

leviter rotundatis, non ampliatis, dein rotundato-contractis, prope

basin valde angustatis, non constrictis, angulis posticis acutis, di-

vergentibus ; margine tenui reflexo ; disco leviter convexus, ru-

gosus, sparse leyiter punctatus ; impressionibus transversis valde

profundis, linea longitudinali tenui. E/ytra nigricantia pubes-

centia, sparse punctata, distinctius costata, costis 2uda et 4ta acu-

200 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

tioribus, magis elevatis. Subtus fuscus, pectora trochanteres et

pedes ferruginei. Long. :475, lat. ‘22. Habitat NovEboraci

rarissime. .

4, strenuus. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Se. loc. cit. sup.

Antenne fortiores, ferrugineee, apice paulo obscure ; caput an-

gustum, leve, postice punctatum; impressionibus frontalibus

profundis latis, subpunctatis. Thorax angustior, antice levyiter

emarginatus angulis deflexis vix conspicuis, lateribus leviter ro-

tundatis non ampliatis, ad dodrantem retractis, sed minus quam

in precedentibus, angulis posticis rectis; margine acutius re-

flexo ; convexus, distincte punctatus ; impressione transversa an-

teriore medio profunda, posteriore distincta, linea longitudinali

levissima et tenuissima, basalibus parvis. Elytra basi minus

angustata, humeris valde rotundatis, lateribus levissime rotunda-

tis et ampliatis, convexiora, obscure atra, valde pubescentia, sub-

punctata, costis levibus, non politis, interstitiis minime profun-

dis, postice obsoletis. Subtus fuscus, pedes et trochanteres ob-

scure ferruginei. Long. ‘60, lat.-28. Habitat in Georgia.

5. *tormentarius. Antenne sicut in B, strenuo : caput pune-

tatum medio leye, paulo latius, oculis minus exstantibus, im-

pressionibus frontalibus latis, profundis. Thorax latior antice

leviter emarginatus, angulis rotundatis, lateribus ad dodrantem

valde rotundatis et paulo ampliatis, dein valde retractis angulis

posticis divergentibus, exstantibus; margine reflexiore; minus

conyexus, dense punctatus ; impressione transversa anteriore an-

gulata distincta, posteriore profunda, linea longitudinali bene

notata, basalibus parvis. lytra planiora, basi angustiora lateri-

bus multo magis ampliatis et paulo rotundatis, cyanea, costata ;

costis externis obsolecis, interstitiis profundioribus, leviter pube-

scentibus et punctatis. Subtus ferrugineus, lateribus paulo in-

fuscatis. Long. *57, lat.:26, Habitat in provinciis occidentali-

bus.

6. De yr ollii. Ferté, Rev. Zool, 1841. Priorem valde refert.

Antenne exdem: caput paulo angustius, minus punctatum, im-

Catalogue of the Geodaphagous Coleoptera. 201

pressionibus latis, sed non tam profundis. Thoraz paulo angus-

tior, capiti arctius conjunctus, angulis anticis non rotundatis ;

lateribus magis ampliatis et rotundatis, prope basin magis subito

retractis, angulis posticis minus divergentibus, margine reflexo

paulo angustiore: minus convexus, punctatus; impressione

transyersa anteriore valde angulata, distincta, posteriore paulo

recurva, linea longitudinali tenui et distincta; basalibus paulo

profundioribus, fere ad medium antice extendentibus, parte

antica minus impressa. E/ytra antice minus angustata, lateri-

bus minus ampliatis, humeris magis rotundatis; obscure cyanea,

pubescentia, levissime punctata; costata, costis externis subob-

soletis, interstitiis angustiusculis, non profundis. Subtus ferru-

gineus, lateribus leviter infuscatis. Long. ‘575, lat.-27. Habi-

tat in provinciis australibus.

quadripennis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

var. neglec tus. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phila.

Antenne fusce, articulis duobus primis ferrugineis. Caput

subelongatum, fere leye, punctis solum paucis pone oculos, im-

pressionibus, longiusculis distinctis, antice punctatis. Thorax

latitudine summa longior, capite non latior, antice leviter emar-

ginatus, angulis anticis fere acutis, non deflexis, lateribus satis

ampliatis, et usque ad dodrantem valde rotundatis, dein valde

contractis, angulis posticis divergentibus prominulis ; margine

reflexo tenuissimo; convexus, levis, rugulis transversis valde

indistinctis obtectus: impressione transversa anteriore margini

valde approximata, non profunda, margine antica leviter striata ;

posteriore ad medium obtuse angulata distincta, linea longitudi-

nali tenui ad basin extendente, basalibus brevibus vix conspicu-

is. Hlytra obscure atra (in varietate subcyanea) lata, humeris

distinctis, valde rotundatis, lateribus leviter ampliatis, indistincte

costata, costis postice et externe obliteratis; obsolete punctata,

subpubescentia. Subtus obscurus, ad latera fuscus pectora tro-

chanteres et pedes ferruginei. Long, ‘40, lat. :205. Habitat in

provinciis australibus communius.

202 Catalogue of the Geodaphagous Coleoptera.

lateralis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Corporis forma B. quadripen-

nem refert. Antenne obscure articulo primo pallido, secundo

ferrugineo, macula parva obscura. Caput latius, convexius lve,

impressionibus breviusculis, linearibus, profundis. Thorax capite

angustior, et el arcte conjunctus, antice levissime emarginatus,

lateribus usque ad dodrantem rotundatis, non ampliatis, dein

paulo contractis, angulis posticis acutis, divergentibus, prominulis ;

margine tenuissimo reflexo ; valde convexus, laevis ; impressione

transversa anteriore margini approximata distincta, posteriore

valde profunda, recta, linea longitudinali tenui distincta, utrinque

abbreviata. Elytra obscure atra, margine angusta pallida, quam

in precedente basi angustiora, humeris minus rotundatis lateri-

bus magis ampliatis; obsolete costata, levissime rugosa, pube

breve vestita. Epipleure postice pallida. Subtus ferrugineus,

ad latera fuscus; pedes pallidi, genubus obscuris. Long. ‘33, lat.

165. Abundat in proyinciis australibus.

patruelis. Dej. Cat: LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of

Phila. Antenne obscure, articulis duobus primis, tertiique basi

ferrugineis, caput mediocre, leye, impressionibus exadversum

oculorum medium desinentibus, profundis, rectis postice leviter

dilatatis. Thorax latitudine summa paulo longior, capite non lati-

or, antice leviter emarginatus angulis valde rotundatis deflexis,

Jateribus modice rotundatis, vix ampliatis, prope basin valde an-

gustatus sed non constrictus, angulis posticis, fere rectis ; mar-

gine tenui valde reflexo; levis, quam in precedentibus minus

convexus ; impressione transversa anteriore angulata, indistincta,

posteriore leviter impressa, linea longitudinali tenui profunda,

integra, basalibus prolongatis, ante medium tendentibus, sed

valde indistinctis, rectis. H/ytra obscure atra, subconvexa, basi

angusta, humeris satis distinctis, lateribus usque ad dodrantem

ampliatis; costis latis obtusis vix elevatis, interstitiis valde angus-

tis, ita ut obsolete striata videntur. Subtus obscurus, pectora

medio, trochanteres et pedes ferruginei. Long. +365, lat. +175.

Habitat NovEboraci, et in provinciis australibus.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 203

10. Leconte. Dej. Cat. et LeConte. loc. cit. sup. Angusti-

or; antenne obscure, articulis duobus primis ferrugineis ;

caput elongatum, punctatum, medio le ve, impressionibus profun-

dis ; oculi vix prominuli. Thorax capite non latior, latitudine

dimidio fere longior, capiti arcte conjunctus, antice leviter

emarginatus, angulis deflexis; lateribus leviter rotundatis non

ampliatis, prope basin contractus, non constrictus; angulis posti-

cis rectis no» divergentibus ; margine tenui reflexo; subcon-

vexus, punctatus; impressione traasversa anteriore angulata,

profunda, posteriore minus distincta, linea longitudinali pro-

funda, utrinque abbreviata. Elytra cyanescentia, basi angusta,

humeris valde rotundatis, lateribus leviter ampliatis, convexa,

pubescentia, punctata; costata, costa 2nda paulo distinctiore, in-

terstitiis latis modice profundis. Subtus fuscus, pectora, trochan

teres et pedes ferruginei. Long. °51, lat. -21. Habitat in

provinciis australibus.

11. perp lexus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Angustior: antenne obscu-

re, articulis duobus primis, tertiique basi ferrugineis. Caput

quam in B. LeContei paulo brevius et latius, leve, punctis pau-

cis posticis, impressionibus frontalibus valde profundis, rugo-

sis. Thorac latitudine caput equans, quam in precedente paulo

brevior, angulis anticis rotundatis, prominulis, lateribus usque

ad medium fere rectis, dein rotundato-contractis, prope basin

retractis sed non coustrictis, angulis posticis divergentibus; mar-

gine valde reflexo: multo minus convexus, sparse punctatus ;

impressionibus transversis vix distinctis, linea longitudinali bene

impressa, integra. Elytra cyanescentia humeris rotundatis dis-

tinctis, lateribus leviter ampliatis; convexa, pubescentia, subti-

lius punctata ; costis latis, interstitiis angustis, minime profundis,

ita ut strize obsolete videntur. Subtus ferrugineus, lateribus

fuscis. Long. °44, lat.-17. Habitat NovEboraci.

12. fumans. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.: Dej. Sp. Gen.

cyanopterus. Dej. MS.; LeConte. Proceed. Ac.

Nat. Sc. Vol. I.

Angustior; antenna articulis quatuor primis ferrugineis, reliquis

obscuris ; caput fere ut in precedente, impressionibus tamen pro-

204 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

fundioribus, et sparse punctatis. Thorax fere ut in precedente,

angulis anticis minus rotundatis, lateribus usque ad medium fere

rectis, leviter ampliatis, postice magis retractis, angulis posticis

valde divergentibus ; margine latiore reflexo, praesertim versus

angulos anticos; subplanus, sparse punctatus ; impressione trans-

yersa anteriore valde angulata, non profunda, posteriore nulla,

linea longitudinali profunda utrinque abbreviata. Elytra sub-

cyanea, fere parallela, humeris valde rotundatis sed satis distine-

tis ; minus convexa, pubescentia, leviter punctata ; costata, inters-

titiis profundioribus, latis, costis externis fere obsoletis. Subtus

obscure ferrugineus, lateribus fuscis, pedes ferruginei. Long.

‘475, lat.:205. Habitat NovEboraci.

« Elytra viridescentia.

13. *sufflans. Priorem valde refert. Antenne et caput

eadem. Thorax paulo angustior, capiti arctius conjunctus, an-

gulis anticis deflexis, lateribus magis rotundatus postice paulo

magis retractus; conyexior, minus punctatus, rugulis plurimis

distinctis ; linea longitudinali tenuiore, impressione transversa

anteriore angulata, distinctiore, posteriore nulla. Elytra sicut

in B. fumante. Subtus ferrugineus, ad latera leviter infuscatus.

Long. °495, lat. -20. Habitat NovEboraci.

14. *affinis. Corporis forma, B. viridipennem refert, sed ely-

tra multo magis parallela. Antenne articulis quatuor primis fer-

rugineis, reliquis fuscescentibus. Caput subelongatum, oculis

vix prominulis, leve punctis paucis pone oculos, et in impres-

sionibus frontalibus, que longz sunt, sednon profunde. Thorax

capite vix latior, latitudine non longior, antice emarginatus, an-

gulis valde rotundatis depressis: lateribus usque ad medium fere

rectis, dein rotundato-angustatis, prope basin contractis non con-

strictis, basi quam in alteris paulo latiore; angulis acutis diver-

gentibus; margine tenuissimo reflexo; disco subconvexus, dense

punctatus, impressionibus transversis vix observandis, linea longi-

tudinali integra, medio minus profunda, basalibus latis. Elytra

longiora, parallela, humeris valde rotundatis ; cyanescentia, pu-

bescentia, subtilius punctata ; distinctius costata, costis postice et

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 205

externe obsoletis, interstitiis latis exaratis. Subtus ferrugineus,

lateribus leviter infuscatis. Abdomen densius pilosum. Long.

‘465, lat. °20. Habitat in Indiana ad flumen Ohio.

15. viridi pen nis. Dej.Sp. Gen. Angustior; antenne cras-

siuscule, obscure, articulis duobus primis tertiique basi ferrugi-

neis. Caput elongatum leviter punctatum, medio leve; im-

pressionibus frontalibus latis brevibus non profundis. Thorax

latitudine caput equans, latitudine summa longior, capiti arcte

connexus, angulis anticis deflexis, lateribus rotundatis non am-

pliatis, pone medium regulariter contractis, minime constrictis,

angulis posticis rectis, vix divergentibus, margine tenuissimo

reflexo ; convexus, densius minus fortiter punctatus ; impressione

transversa anteriore valde angulata, profunda, posteriore leviter

impressa, basalibus brevibus, linea longitudinali tenui postice

abbreviata. Elytra viridescentia, valde pubescentia, densius

subtilius punctata; basi angusta, humeris valde rotundatis, indis-

tinctis, lateribus leviter ampliatis ; subcostata, costis postice et

externe obsoletioribus, interstitiis latis obtusis. Subtus fuscus,

pectora, trochanteres, et pedes ferruginei. Long. °55, lat. +235.

Habitat in provinciis australibus sat frequens.

16. viridis. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phila. B. vi-

ridipennem valde refert. Antenne et caput eadem. Thorax

antice paulo angustior, postice minus retractus, angulis posticis

modice divergentibus ; minus convexus, minus dense punctatus ;

impressione posteriore profundiore, linea longitudinali fortiter

impressa, postice abbreviata. Elytra lete viridia, antice paulo

angustiora, lateribus magis ampliatis; distinctius costata, costis

2uda et 4ta paulo evidentioribus, interstitiis profundioribus. Sub-

tus sicut in B. viridipenne. Long. °50, lat. :21. Habitat in

provinciis australibus rarissime.

17. cephalotes. Dej. Sp. Gen. Angustior ; antenne atten-

uate, ferruginee apice paulo obscure; caput latum oculis pro-

minulis, ad latera leviter punctatum, impressionibus frontalibus

latis, profundis. Thorax capite angustior, latitudine summa lon-

glor, antice vix emarginatus, angulis rotundatis, lateribus rotund-

206 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

atis, non ampliatis, pone medium regulariter retractis, minime

constrictis, angulis posticis diyergentibus; margine acute re-

flexo; convexus, leviter punctatus; impressionibus transversis

indistinctis, linea longitudinali profunda, tenui. E/ytra cyanes-

centia, pubescentia, vix punctata; basi valde angustata, humeris

valde rotundatis, sed satis distinctis, lateribus usque ad dodran-

tem ampliatis; levissime et obtuse costata. Subtus ferrugimeus

lateribus infuscatis. Long. *355—30, lat.:°15—:12. Habitat

ubique.

is. *velox. B.cephalotem refert. Antenne attenuate, longi-

tudine corpus equantes, ferruginez, apice paulo obscure. Caput

impressionibus longioribus, profundioribus valde punctatis. T'ho-

rax breyior antice valde latior, vix emarginatus, angulis deflexis,

lateribus valde rotundatis, prope basin retractis, angulis posti-

cis acutis, valde divergentibus; margine tenuissimo reflexo;

sparse subtilius punctatus, minus convexus ; impressione trans-

versa anteriore vix distincta, posteriore modice profunda, linea

longitudinali tenui integra. Elytra fere sicut in B. cephalote,

antice paulo minus angustata, humeris minus rotundatis ; costis

externis obsoletissimis. Subtus obscurus, pectora, trochanteres

et pedes ferruginea. Long. ‘30, lat. 125. Habitat NovEbo-

raci.

i9. cordicollis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Corporis forma B. quadri-

pennem valde refert. Antenne ferruginee, apice obscure. Ca-

put majus, ad latera sparse punctatum, impressionibus frontali-

bus latis profundis. Thorax latitudine non longior, antice levi-

ter emarginatus, angulis obtusis, deflexis, lateribus valde rotun-

datis, usque ad medium ampliatis, prope basin valde contractis

fere constrictis, angulis posticis modice divergentibus : margine

yalde reflexo ; modice conyexus, obsolete rugosus et punctatus ;

impressione transversa anteriore vix distincta, posteriore valde

profunda, linea longitudinali profunda integra, basalibus rectis,

profundis. Elytra obscure cyanescentia, pube densa breviore

vestita, obsoletissime rugosa, magis parallela quam in B, quadri-

penni, humeris minus rotundatis ; evidentius costata, costis ex-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 207

terne et postice obsoletis, interstitiis latis. Subtus ferrugineus.

Long. ‘35, lat. 155. Habitat NovEboraci.

20. conformis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Corporis forma B. fumantem

refert: triple minor. Antenne tenues, articulis duobus primis,

tertii, quartique basi ferrugineis, reliquis obscurioribus. Caput

latum, fere lave, punctis paucis pone oculos; impressionibus

frontalibus longis, profundis, rugosis. J'’horax latitudine paulo

longior, capite non latior, antice leviter emarginatus, angulis

valde obtusis, deflexis, lateribus usque ad medium rotundatis,

vix ampliatis, prope basin retractis, non constrictis, angulis

posticis acutis valde divergentibus; margine valde reflexo,

atitice paulo latiore; convexus, leviter rugose-punctatus ; im-

pressione transversa anteriore profunda, angulata, posteriore

distincta, recta, linea longitudinali profunda, antice abbrevia-

ta. Elytra cyanéscentia, pubescentia, vix punctata, fere levia,

costis 2uda et 4ta distinctis postice obliteratis, margine ex-

timo reflexo, paulo latiore quam in precedentibus; humeris

valde rotundatis sed satis distinctis, lateribus fere parallelis.

Subtus obscurus; tvochanteres, pedes, pectoraque ferruginea.

Long. °865, lat.-155. Habitat NovEboraci.

21. medius. Harris. Cat. Parvus, subelongatus: antenne

elongate, obscure, articulis duobus primis tertiigue basi ferru-

gineis. Caput latum convexum leve, impressionibus frontalibus

profundis, rugosis. Thorax latiusculus, antice emarginatus, an-

gulis deflexis, obtusis, lateribus usque ad medium rotundatis

leviter ampliatis, prope basin valde retractis fere constrictis,

angulis posticis acutis valde divergentibus ; margine reflexo

tenuissimo; leviter convexus, levis; impressionibus transversis

distinctis, anteriore valde angulata}linea longitudina li profunda,

integra, basalibus brevibus profundis. E/ytra subcyanea, minus

opaca, humeris valde rotundatis sed distinctis, lateribu leviter

ampliatis fere parallelis; densi: s pubescen ia, VIX } unc‘a a, ob-

solete costata, sutura costisque 2 \Ja et 4ta paulo elevatis. Sub-

tus ferrugineus, lateribus abdomineque infuscatis. Long. °22,

lat. :10. Habiiat NovEboraci, ad lacum Onondaga.

[ae

208 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera

22. *pum ilio. Minutus, forma B. cephalotem refert. Antenne

ferruginew apice leviter infuscate. Caput magnum, postice

magis retractum, Jave, impressionibus frontalibus vaftle profun-

dis, latis. T/orazx latiusculus, antice non emarginatus, angulis

obtusis, lateribus usque ad medium leviter ampliatis et rotunda-

tis, prope basin valde angustatus, angulis posticis rectis; mar-

gine reflexo vix conspicuo; leviter convexus, laevis ; impression-

ibus transyersis obsoletis, linea longitudinali profunda, antice

abbreviata. H/ytra subcyanea, basi angusta, lateribus amplia-

tis, et leviter rotundatis, costis fere nullis, pubescentia, leviter

punctata. Subtus ferrugineus. Long. :20, lat. 09. Habitat

cum priore.

HELLUOMORPHA. Lap.

HELLUO. p. Dej.

Clairvillei. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis austra-

libus.

praeusta. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat cum priore et in Ter-

ritorio Missouriensi.

laticornis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in Georgia et Carolina.

nigrip ennis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat etiam in provinciis

australibus.

——_——

PSYDRUS. LeConte.

piceu gs. LeConte. Annals of the Lyceum, Vol. IV. Ha-

bitat ad Lacum Superiorem.

APLOCHILE.* | nov. gen.

Corpus elongatum, subcylindricum.

Carur magnum, supra et subtus convexum, postice non con-

strictum.

Laprum brevissimum, non observandum.

Manpisuc late, valida, apice vix acute.

(Maxi.La non vise.)

* amnroot, simplex et XSAN, labrum.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 209

MENTUM magnum, modice concavum, late modice emarginatum,

emarginatione basi plana, dente nullo.

Patri tenues, articulo ultimo cylindrico, apice leviter truncato.

ANTENN breves, versus apicem incrassate, articulo 1mo bre-

vi, crasso; 2ndo sesqui breviore, crassitie non lon-

giore; 3i0 duplo longiore leviter obconico ; reliquis

discretis, globulosis, equalibus ; ultimo vix longiore,

obovali, apice subacuto.

OcuLi majusculi, rotundati.

THorax subcordatus, convexus, lateribus vix rotundatus, postice

retractus, antice et postice truncatus.

ScuTELLuM nullum.

Exyrra parallela, thorace cum capite fere duplo longiora, apice

rotundata, linea elevata, brevi, submarginali ad api-

cem.

Pepes mediocres: tars? breviusculi, antici latiusculi, articulis

subequalibus, 3 primis triangulazibus ; reliqui arti-

culo 1mo paulo longiore, ultimo sesqui longiore ;

tibiz antice intus valde profunde emarginate, spi-

na apicali valida.

UnauEs simplices.

A Psydro differt habitu convexiore, capite subtus convexo,

postice non constricto, oculis majoribus; labro vix conspicuo ;

antennarum articulis magis discretis; articulo ultimo reliquis vix

longiore, apice subacuto (in Psydro, sesqui longiore, apice valde

obtuso, rotundatoque); mento majore, minus concavo: Nomius

(Laporte) esse videretur, nisi scutellum ejus breve, thoraxque

fortiter marginatus abhorrent.

. pygmaeus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Morio.) Habitat in Alabama

rarius; a Dom. Haldeman amicissime datus.

SPECIES MIHI INVIS/&.

Aretharea (Say,) helluonis. Say. Trans, Am. Phil.

Soc. N.S. Vol. LV.

210 Catalogue of the Geodaphagous Coleoptera:

Zuphium (Lat) americanum. Dej. Sp. Gen.

Habitat ubique rarissime.

Cymindis morio. Dej. Sp. Gen.

Calleida rubricollis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

Dromius gemmatus. Haldeman ibid. Habitat in

Pennsylvania.

Lebia russata. Newman. Ent. Mag. Vol. V. Habitat

in Florida.

marginella. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in pro-

vinclis australibus.

Helluo pygmaeus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

| Heteromorphus (Kirby,) excrucians (Kirby.)

Linnean Trans.

| Drepanus (Mliger, LeContei. Dej.Sp. Gen. Ha-

bitat in provinciis australibus.

———e

Sub. Fam. I1.—Scaritides.—De}.

Bipartiti.——Latreille.

Scaritida—MacLeay.

SCARITES. Fabr.

pik P hialtes. LeConte. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. Vol. V-

Habitat in prov. australibus, habitat etiam ad Rocky

Mountains.

2. qu adrice ps. Chaudoir. Bull. Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Mos-

cou. No. IV.

substriatus. Haldeman. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Habi-

tat in provinciis australibus.

distinctus. Hald. ibid. (var. suleo mandibulari basi paulo

minus dilatato.)

Catalogue of the Geodaphagous Coleoptera. 211

3. intermedius. LeConte. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. Habi-

tat in provinciis occidentalibus.

4. subterraneus. Fabr. Habitat ubique: strie elytrales

obsolete punctate, seepe fere laves.

5. Vicinus. Chaudoir. loe. cit.

af fi nis. LeConte. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. Habitat

ubique.

6. patruelis. LeConte, ibid. Habitat in provinciis australi-

bus.

denticollis? Chaudoir loc. cit.

PASIMACHUS. Bonelli.

1. depressus? Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

LeConte. Annals of the Lyceum Nat. Hist. Vol.

IV. Habitat in Georgia.

2, Morio. LeConte. ibid. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

3. punct ulatus. Haldeman. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Ha-

bitat in provinciis australibus, et ad Rocky Mountains.

4, laevis. LeConte. An. Lyc. Habitat in NovaCesarea.

5. elongatus. LeConte. ibid. Habitat in territorio Missou-

riensi.

6. obsoletus. LeConte. ibid. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

7, substriatus. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. et An.

Lyc. Habitat insulam Longam, NovEboraci.

8. assimilis. LeConte. An.Lyc. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus.

9. rugosus. LeConte. ibid. Habitat in provincia NovaCe-

sarea.

10. sublaevis. Beauvois. Ins. d’Amer. Habitat in Georgia.

11. subsulcatus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat in

provinciis australibus.

12. marginatus. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

212 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

sulcatus. MacLeay. Dej. Cat. Habitat in provinciis

australibus communius.

DYSCHIRIUS. Megerle.

CLIVINA. | p. Dej. et aliis.

1. crenatus. Dej.

bipustulatus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

6 humeralis. Chaudoir. loc. cit. (exemplum immaturum.)

Habitat in provinciis australibus communius : interstitia ely-

tralia in mare paulo latiora quam in feemina.

2, subangulatus. Chaudoir. ibid. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains et Novum Aurelianum.

3. viridis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

rostratus. Dej. Habitat ubique rarius.

4. sphericollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat

ubique rarius.

5. pumi lus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique.

6. giobul osus. Say. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem, et

Rocky Mountains.

7. haemorrhoidalis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis

mediis et occidentalibus.

gs. *terminatus. Niger, elytris aneis, apice obscure rufis

striatopunctatis ; pedibus, abdomineque rufo-picers.

Long. *135, lat 045. Habitat NovEboraci.

Elongatus niger nitidus; frons utrinque oblique profunde stri-

ata; oculi valde exstantes; palpi et antenne rufe. Thorax

sub-globosus, convexus: impressione transyersa anteriore valde

angulata, vix distincta, linea longitudinali omnino obliterata.

Elytra nea, nitida, apice obscure rufa, latitudine thoracem

zquantia, elongata, versus apicem levissime attenuata, rotunda-

ta, striata; striis leviter punctatis, ad trientem ab apice obsule-

lis, prima integra, ad apicem incurvata ; interstitio tertio punc-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 213

tis tribus impressis. Abdomen rufo-piceum, pedes obscure rufi.

D. hemorrhoidalem (Dej.) refert.

CLIVINA. Latreille.

1, dentipes. Dej. Habitat in provinciis australibus rarius.

2, bipustulata. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

«# macula quoque humerali.=4-maculata. Beauvois

et Say. Habitat ubique.

3. convexa. LeConte. Proceed. Ac. Nat.Sc. of Phil. Habi-

tat in provinciis australibus rarius. Long. -205 lat. -06.

Priorem valde refert; multo minor: caput impressionibus

brevioribus ; linea transversa pone oculos, que in C. bipustula-

ta valde obsoleta, in hac satis distincta est. T’horax antice latior,

angulis anticis rectioribus, et minus rotundatis ; convexior, linea

longitudinali multo leviore, et impressione transversa anteriore,

vix distincta. E/ytra eadem ac in C. bipustulata.

4, imp ressifrons. LeConte. ibid. Habitat cum priore.

Long. °26, lat. :07.

Cylindrica, obscure rufa, caput utrinque impressione longa,

lata, profunda, lineaque mediana profunda; pone oculos trans-

verse impressum. T'horaz latitudine summa longior, parallelus,

postice rotundatus, angulis anticis rectis vix rotundatis, impres-

sione transversa anteriore tenui et profunda, margini subapprox-

imata, linea longitudinali distincta; impressionibus basalibus

linearibus, distinctis. lytra parallela, elongata, apice rotun-

data, profunde striata, striis punctatis, obsoletius versus apicem:

interstitio quarto punctis 4 vel 5 parvis.

5. americana. Dej. Sp. Gen. In provinciis australibus.

5. striatopunctata. Dej. Sp. Gen. Cum priore.

an postica. Nigra, nitida; thorace angulis anticis subrectis,

elytra profunde striatopunctata, macula subapicah

obscnre rufa. Long. ‘21 lat. °065. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains.

C. striatopunctatam refert : caput idem, oculis minus promi-

214 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

nentibus ; thorax latior, convexior, brevior, lateribus fere paral-

lelis postice vix ampliatis, angulis anticis rectioribus, paulo magis

rotundatis ; impressionibus sicut in C, striatopunctata. E/lytra

paulo latiora et breyiora, striis paulo profundioribus, macula

parva, rotunda, obscure rufa prope apicem. Pedes nigro-picei.

8. pallida. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

rufescens. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus.

9. lineolata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

acuducta? Haldeman. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Se.

sulcifrons. Dej. Cat. Habitat ubique rarius. Long.

185 lat. -055.

Nigro-znea, vel obscure rufo-picea: frons antice impressa,

lineaque transversa, tenui notata; inter oculos profunde 5 vel 7

striata, stria media lata excavata, sulcata; interstitiis linearibus,

elevatis, acutis, duobus mediis antice productis. Caput pone

oculos subito constrictum. Thorax subpentagonus, antice paulo

angustatus, angulis anticis fere rectis ; posticis valde obtusis, sed

non rotundatis, basi utrinque recta, valde obliqua; impressioni-

bus transversis, lineaque longitudinali profundis; basalibus pro-

fundis, linearibus, antice productis, ad marginem anticum fere

extendentibus. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, profunde striato-

punctata, interstitiis convexis, angustis, punctis paucis. Antenne

et pedes rufo-picei.

10. *sulcata. Rufa; Jronte sulcata; thorace angulis posticis

rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus elongatis ; elytris

profunde striatis. Long. +16 lat. °05. Habitat Nov-

Eboraci.

Refert priorem, sed angustior et magis cylindrica. Rufa;

JSrons sicut in C, lineolata ; oculis minus exstantibus ; caput postice

minus constrictum. Thorax angustior, convexior, antice vix an-

gustatus, angulis anticis obtusis; posticis valde obtusis et rotun-

datis, vix distinctis; impressionibus transversis et linea longitu-

dinali profundis : basalibus linearibus, rectis, profundioribus, ante

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 215

medium extendentibus. Elytra angustiora, magis, cylindrica, apice

magis rotundata ; profunde striata, striis impunctatis, interstitio

tertio punctis duobus.

11.*frontalis. Rufa, depressior: fronte sulcata thorace

angulis posticts obliteratis ; impressionibus basalibns

rectis, productis; elytris profunde striatopunctatis, in-

terstitio tertio, quinto et septimo serie punctorum.

Long. *145 lat. -04. Habitat Westchester Co., N.Y.

A Dom. Jac. Thompson, benevole datus.

Precedentes duos refert, depressior, et magis parallelus.

Rufa; caput et frons sicut in C, sulcata, striis paulo minus pro-

fundis. Thorax antice non angustatus, angulis fere rectis, vix

rotundatis ; lateribus usque ad medium leviter rotundatis, dein

usque ad basin subito rotundato-contractis, angulis posticis om-

nino obliteratis: disco planuisculus ; impressionibus transversis

sicut in priore, linea longitudinali valde profunda. Elytra de-

planata, parallela, apice obtuse rotundata, profunde striato-punc-

tata, punctis postice obsoletis, interstitio tertio, quinto et septimo,

serie punctorum, 7 vel 8.

Speciei huicce C. amphibia (Hald. loc. cit. sup.) forte pertinet.

Descriptio tamen ejus imperfecta et nimis concisa; seriebus

punctorum interstitialibus non meminit; ceteris cum insecto

nostro quadrat.

SPECIES SEQUENTES MIHI INVIS®.

Dyse hirius morio. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provin-

ciis australibus.

puncticollis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

pa llipenn is. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

Habitat in provinciis mediis.

Clivina elongata. Randall Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.

Vol.I. Habitat in Massachusetts.

216 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Sub. Fam. I11—Harpalides.—W estwood.

Harpalide—McLeay.

Thoracici.—Lat.

Divisio 1.—Feronidea.—W estwood.

Feroniens.—De}.

Stmplicimant.—Lat.

MORIO., Lat.

1. Georgiae. Pal. de Beauy. Ins. d’Am.

monilicornis. Lat.: Dej. Sp. Gen,

costatus. Germar. Abundat in provinciis australibus.

PATROBUS. Megerle.

: longicornis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

americanus. De}. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis me-

diis.

CALATHUS. Bon.

. distinguendus. Le Conte. Proceed. Ac. Nat. S. of Phila.

Vol. 3.

Color omnino sicut in C. gregario; forma paulo angustior,

nitidior. Caput omnino idem, oculis tamen minoribus minus

exstantibus. Thorax antice magis rotundatus, angulis anticis

magis prominentibus acutiusculis, postice levissime retractus,

angulis posticis obtusis, subrotundatis ; margine lato depresso

antice evanescente, leviter reflexo (in C. gregario plano;) linea

longitudinali fere obliterata, impressione transversa anteriore

valde angulata, posteriore recta, ambabus indistinctis, basalibus

nullis; antice valde convexus, disco medio leviter conyexus, ver-

sus basin subdepressus. Elytra subparallela, leviter convexa,

striis paulo profundioribus quam in C. gregario, tertio punctis 3

majusculis. Long. ‘44 lat.:17. Habitat in Georgia rarissime.

J 8 g§

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 217

2, gregarius. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat ubique.

PRISTODACTYLA. Dej.

1,impunctata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. (Fe-

ronia.)

americana. Dej.Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis me-

diis rarius.

2, *corvina.

americanus. Le Conte loc. cit. sup. (Pristonychus.)

Angustior nigra nitida; thorace subquadrato, postice

leviter deplanato, elytris profunde striatis, punctis tri-

bus impressis, antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. *43

lat. -15. Habitat in Georgia rarissime.

Angustior, nigra nitida. Caput subtriangulare oculis parvis

vix prominulis, leave, impressionibus frontalibus subrotundatis ;

antenne, palpique rufi. Thorax subquadratus, antice leviter

emarginatus, vix angustatus, lateribus modice rotundatus, angu-

lis posticis obtusis, basi utrinque obliquo, medio recto ; modice

convexus, versus basin leviter depressus, rugulisjindistinctis trans-

versis medio notatus ; pone medium margine angusto, reflexo,

versis basin crescente; impressione transversa anteriore nulla,

posteriore recta, distincta, linea longitudinali utrinque paulo ab-

breviata, basalibus subrotundatis, profundis, subtiliter rugosis,

striola brevi longitudinali signatis. Elytra subparallela apice

rotundata, profunde striata, interstitio tertio punctis 3 validiori-

bus. Pedes cum coxis saturate rufi.

Oss.—A P.impunctata forma angustiore, thorace antice non

angustato, postice subdepresso ; punctorum necnon serie ely-

trali marginali minus profunda differt.

3. *advena. Nigra mitida subdepressa, thorace subquadrato,

postice subangustato, impressionibus profundis, elytris

striatis punctis duobus impressis. antennis pedibusque

piceo-brunneis. Long. *39, lat. .145. Habitat prope

fines Aquilones a Dom. Breyoort amicissime data.

218 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Habitus fere Anchomenorum quorundam, sed ad hoc genus

recte pertinet. Nigra, nitida, subdepressa. Caput subtriangu-

lare, postice retractum, oculis magis exstantibus, leve impres-

sionibus frontalibus parvis, subrotundatis ; antenne picee, arti-

culo primo cum palpis rufo-piceis. T'horax subquadratus antice

leviter emarginatus, vix angustatus, angulis anticis deflexis, late-

ribus subleviter rotundatus, postice subangustatus, basi medio late

recto, ad latera paulo obliquo, angulis posticis valde obtusis leviter

rotundatis ; margine pone medium valde reflexo, versus basin levi-

ter crescente; disco antice modice conyexus, postice subdepressus,

levissimus ; linea longitudinali tenui valde impressa, utrinque

abbreviata, impressione transversa anteriore valde angulata, pos-

teriore recta, ambabus profundis, basalibus profundis, antice ad

medium fere obsolete prolongatis, ad basin striola brevissima

notatis. Elytra subplana, thorace sesqui latiora, apice rotun-

data, profunde tenuiter striata, interstitio tertio punctis 2 prope

striam secundam, 1mo ad medium, 2nda paulo pone dodrantem.

Pedes piceo-brunnei.

Optime hee species Pristodactylam cum Pristonycho conjun-

git.

——-

RHADINE. gen. nov.

Corrus gracillimum, medio profunde constrictum, abdomine

brevilatiusculo, supradepressum,subtus convexum.

Carut rhomboideum ore acuto, pone oculos valde retractum.

Lazsrum planum, latitudine non brevius, lateribus rectis, antice

emarginatum.

Ocut1 mediocres, prominuli.

Menrtvo lateribus leviter rotundatum, antice profunde emargi-

natum, dente valido simplici instructum; angulis

anticis acutis porrectis.

Paurt subelongati filiformes, articulo ultimo leviter ovali, max-

illarium externorum penultimo gquante, apice trun-

cato; labialium penultimo sesqui breviore, apice

vix truncato, fere rotundato.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 219

ANTENN®# elongate, setacex, articulo primo crassiore ; 20do du-

plo breviore tenuioreque; 3io valde elongato, sequen-

tes duos longitudine zquante; 4to sequentibus

paulo longiore, reliquis longitudine sensim descres-

centibus, ultimo apice acuminato.

Tuorax capite paulo latior, pustice valde retractus, ab elytris

remotus, cordatus.

Exyrra breviuscula, ovalia, apice oblique profunde sinuatim inci-

sa; connata.

Pepes valde elongati, tibia spinulose ; tarsi graciles, postici

valde elongati, articulo omnium 1™° elongato, se-

quentibus tribus longitudine «qualiter descrescenti-

bus, ultimo pracedentes duos wquante; ungues

simplices.

PROSTERNUM postice prominens, compressum.

Oss.—Genus Platynum appropinquat, sed anternarum labiique

structura ei abhorret. Antennarum articulo tertio elongato cum

Sphodro convenit, cui tamen dens labialis bifidus.

*larvalis. Pallide rufo-picea, nitidissima ; thorace cordato,

postice valde angustato, margine lato reflexo, elytris

obsoletissime striatis, margine valde refleco. Long.

‘41, lat.:15. Habitat in vicinia urbis St. Louis: a

Dom. Engelman beneyole datus.

Insectum insigne. Tota dilute rufo-picea, nitidissima. Caput

leve, linea transversa inter antennas, impressioneque parva an-

tica incurva notatum: impressionibus frontalibus, latis leviter

rugosis, linea longitudinali obliqua impressis. Thorax cordatus,

capite paulo latior, latitudine summa longior, antice profunde

emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus usque ad me-

dium valde rotundatus, dein recte retractus, basi latitudinis

summz dimidium equante, leviter emarginato ; margine toto

lato valde reflexo, versus basin crescente, et toti basis trien-

tem zquante, angulis posticis valde elevatis, obtusis, dente minu-

to prominulo instructis : disco planus, impressione transversa

anteriore fere nulla, posteriore profunda, antice acute angulata,

20 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

linea longitudinali fortissime impressa, basalibus linearibus, lon-

gis, obliquis. Scute/lum minutum apice acutum. Llytra basi

angustissima, a thorace pedicello brevi remota, oyalia, thorace

sesqui latiora, latitudine summa vix duplo longiora, apice pro-

funde sinuato-incisa, margine acute reflexo et elevato, pone qua-

drantem latiore, cum plica acuta basali elevata connexo ; cbsv-

letissime striata, strils externis hic illic obsolete punctatis, serie

punctorum marginali valde profunda.

PLATYNUS.

.erythropus. Dej.Sp. Gen. Habitat in provincia Noy-

Eboraci parte occidentali.

.angustatus. Dej. ibid. Habitat cum priore.

—

ANCHOMENUS. Bon.

.decentis (d ecen ) Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

gag ates. Mels. Cat.; Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique.

*coracinus. Apterus, niger,nitidus; thorace subquadr ato,

postice retracto, basi punctato, elytris profundissime

striatis. Long. ‘57, lat.°215. Habitat NovEboraci

rarissime.

Habitus omnino precedentis, multo major: thorace tamen

postice paulo magis retracto, impressionibus omnibus profundis,

margine reflexo; minus convexo, basi toto confertissime subtil-

ius punctato, punctis fere ad medium versus latera extendenti-

bus. In A. decente autem thoracis basis sparse subtilissime

punctatus est. lytva profundissime striata, striis impunctatis

interstitiis angustis, valde convexis, tertio punctis 3 parvis.

. Sinuatus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci. Thorace

latiore quam in A, decente, antice minus rotundato,

sed magis ampliato, postice multo minus retracto,

basi toto confertim subtilius punctato, sed punctis

antice non extendentibus, sicut in A coracino ; im-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 221

pressionibus basalibus brevioribus facile dignosci

potest species hecce. Elytra profundius quam in

A. decente striata, striis obsoletissime subtilissime

punctatis.

4. d epressus. Haldeman Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phila.

nigerrimus. Dej. Cat. Habitat NovEboraci.

Precedentibus simillimus, paulo depressior. Ca-

put impressionibus frontalibus minoribus, profundior-

ibus. Thorax fere sicut in A. decente ; postice ta-

men minus retractus, minus convexus, margine tenui

reflexo picescente; impressionibus profundis, basali-

bus brevioribus, confertim minus subtiliter punctatis ;

disco indistincte rugosus. LElytra profundius stria-

ta striis leviter punctatis, interstitiis leviter convexis,

tertio punctis 3 majusculis.

5. corvinus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis australibus,

« Supra nigro-piceus, subtus rufo-piceus, pedibus paulo di-

lutioribus.

6. de p lanatus. Chaudoir. Bull. de Moscou.

marginalis. Haldeman. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol.I. A

precedente vix differt, thorace paulo breviore, pos-

tice minus retracto, elytris planioribus, antice magis

emarginatis, postice magis oblique, minus profunde

sinuatis, «gre cognoscendus. Dubitandum est ne

species Haldemaniana ad hance, vel ad sequentem

speciem referri debeat ; specimen tamen ab ei recep-

tum ad hance speciem rite pertinet.

7.*marginatus. Depressus, niger, nitidus, thorace Marzine

piceo late reflexo, elytris striatis punctis 3-minoribus.

Long. 42, lat.-115. Habitat NovEboraci rarius.

Depressus, niger, nitidus ; antennae nigra, pedes picei. Caput

leeve, impressionibus profundis. Thorax capite sesqui latiore,

latitudine summa paulo brevior, subquadratus, antice emargina-

tus, angulis anticis subporrectis, apice rotundatis, Jateribus usque

222 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

ad medium ampliatis, non rotundatis, ad medium rotundato ane

gulatis, dein retractis, latitudine basali apicalem aquante, mar-

gine toto lato valde reflexo, piceo; disco modice deplanatus,

levis ; impressionibus omnibus satis profundis, linea longitudi-

nali tenui. H/ytra depressiuscula, versus apicem leviter sinuata,

striata, interstitiis modice conyexis, tertio punctis 3 minoribus.

s. *tenuicollis. Gracilis; depressus, niger, nitidus, thorace

margine refleco piceo, elytris tenuiter striatis, punctis

tribus minoribus. Long. *38, lat. °135. Habitat ad

cataractam Sancte Marie, (Sault de Ste. Marie.)

Gracilis, angustus, depressus, niger, nitidus. Antenne fere cor-

poris longitudine, attenuate, nigra, articulis 3 glabris. Palm

nigri, apice picei. Caput elongatum. Thorax capite vix latior,

latitudine non longior, subquadratus, antice emarginatus angulis

obtusis, lateribus leyiter rotundato-ampliatis, postice retractis,

latitudine basali apicali paulo minore ; margine toto laterali late

reflexo, piceo ; disco modice convexus, levissimus ; impressioni-

bus transyersis valde profundis, anteriore medio acute angulata,

linea longitudinali fortiter impressa, basalibus elongatis, non pro-

fundis. Elytra thorace yix sesqui latiora, elongata, subdepressa,

subparallela, apice sinuata, tenuiter satis profunde striata, striis

obsoletissime punctatis, interstitiis fere planis, tertio punctis 3

minoribus.

y, elongatulus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

obscuratus. Chaudoir. Bull. de Moscou. Descriptio ad

feminam pertinet, descriptio autem Dejeaniana ad

marem. Habitat in provinciis australibus et Noy-

Eboraci.

10, extensicollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat

ubique.

var. Lecontet. Dej. Cat.; LeConte, loc. cit. sup.

il. *viridis. Subcyaneo-viridis nitidus, thorace basi subtiliter

pnactato, elytris striatis, instertitiis planis, tertio punc-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 223

tis duobus majusculis, antennarnm articulis tribus,

palpis pedibusque ferruginers. Long *39, lat. °15.

Habitat in Indiana ad flumen Ohio.

Depressiusculus, subcyaneo-viridis, nitidus. Antenne fusce,

articulis 3 primis testaceo-ferrugineis. Palpi testacei, labrum

piceum. Caput leve, impressionibus parvis. Thorax capite

paulo latior, latitudine summa paulo longior, subquadratus, antice

vix emarginatus, angulis anticis subacutis, lateribus leviter rotun-

datis, pone medium retractis, basi apice angustiore, angulis pos-

ticis obtusis, valde rotundatis, margine non reflexo; disco antice

modice convexus, basi toto dense minus subtiliter punctatus ; im-

pressionibus transversis inconspicuis, linea longitudinali integra,

profunda, basalibus profundis, linea brevi basali indistincta nota-

tis, antice obsoletissime prolongatis. /ytra striata, striis subtil-

iter punctatis, interstitiis latis, accurate planis, tertio punctis 2

pone medium. Subtus niger, pedes cum coxis ferruginei.

12, decorus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil: Soc.

z Thorace rufo, levissimo, elytrorum striis leviter pnncta-

tis, interstitiis obsoletissime punctatis fere levibus.

Anchomenus thoracicus. Dej.Sp.Gen.

6 Thorace rufo, levissimo, elytrorum striis impnnctatis, in-

terstitiis subtilius punctatis.

y Thorace rufo, ad latera levissime sparse punctato, elytro-

rum striis impunctatis, interstitiis evidenter densius

punctatis.

sparse punctato: elytris late viridibus, sicut in (y)

notatis.

¢ Thorace obscure viridi, ad latera sparse levissime punc-

tato: elytris sicut in (y).

Species ad libitum varians; habitat ubique ; varietates has

omnes ad lacus Onondaga littora inveni.

13. * obscurus. Obscure encus, thorace deplanato, ad latera

obsolete punctato, elytris striatis, interstitus punctatis,

224 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

tertio punctis 6 majusculis, antennarum basi, pedibus-

que obscure ferrugineis. Long. 34, lat.-14. Habitat

ad lacum Onondaga.

Varietatem (<) prioris maxime refert. Antenne piceo-nigre,

articulo primo ferrugineo. Palpi picei. Caput antice attenua-

tum, postice subtiliter punctulatum, impressionibus frontalibus

linearibus, profundis, cum oculorum margine confluentibus. Tho-

rax capite sesqui latior, latitudine summa vix brevior, subquad-

ratus, antice leviter emarginatus, angulis anticis obtusis leviter

rotundatis, lateribus modice rotundatis et ampliatis, postice levi-

ter retractus, latitudine basali apicalem eequante ; subdepressus,

ad latera postice parce subtilius punctatus ; impressionibus trans-

versis inconspicuis, linea longitudinali tenui, postice abbreviata,

basalibus subobliquis, antice minus profundis, linea brevi basali

notatis : carina brevissima ad angulum posteriorem, acujus dilata-

tione eminentia parva oritur. /ytra obscure nea, viridi mar-

ginata, tenuitur profunde striata, striis impunctatis, interstitiis

levissime conyexis, tertio punctis 6 vel 7 sicut in A. decoro

positis. Subtus nigro-virescens; pedes picei.

AGONUM. Bon.

1.octopunctatum., abr. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat ubique.

2 eryt hro pum. Kirby-Richardson. Fauna Bor.Am. Hab-

itat ad Mississippi seaturigines et ad Rocky Moun-

tains.

g. errans. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains rarius.

4,cupripenne. Say. ibid.

formosum. Sturm Cat.

metallicum. Mels. Cat. Habitat ubique.

5. *chalceum. Robustius, supra ancum nitidum, elytris tho-

race non latioribus, striatis, interstitiis planis, tertio

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 225

punctis 3 impressis. Long. °335, lat. :13. Hab-

itat ad Lacum Superiorem.

Robustius, eneo-nigrum, supra neum, nitidum, Caput leve,

antice obtusum, impressionibus non profundis. Antenne et palpi

toti nigri. Thorax capite plus sesqui latior, latitudine summa

paulo brevior, antice profunde emarginatus, angulis posticis ob-

tusissimis valde rotundatis, basi medio leviter emarginato, mar-

gine laterali pone medium anguste reflexo: disco leviter convexus;

impressionibus transversis inconspicuis, posteriore profundiore,

linea longitudinali tenuissima, integra, basalibus modice profundis,

antice obsolete prolongatis, punctis paucis indistinctis, lineaque

basali externe recurva notatis. E/ytra thorace non laciora, apice

Vix sinuata, striata, striis lavissimis, interstitiis accurate planis,

tertio punctis 3 majusculis.

6. nitidulum. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ad lacum Sabulosam

prope Mississippi scaturigines.

7.cCupreum. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat ad Cataractam Sancte

Marie.

s.melanarium. Dej. Sp. Gen.

collare. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. Vol. IV.

(Anchomenus.)

mawurum. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phila.

pu diaéum. Sturm. Cat. Habitat ubique.

9. moerens. Dej. ibid. Habitat NovEboraci rarius.

| 10. Harrisii. Nigrum, nitidum, thorace subquadrato, antice

leviter angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, elytris

tenuiter striatis, strits obsoletissime punctatis, punctis-

que 3 impressis. Long. *4,lat.:17. Habitat in Mas-

sachusetts, a Dom Harris lectum.

Precedenti simi limum; paulo major, thorace latiore. 'Totum

nigrum, nitidum : caput impressionibus frontalibus ad oculorum

marginem prolongatis, tenuibus. Thorax capite duplo latior,

latitudine summa paulo brevior, subquadratus, antice leviter

226 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

angustatus, lateribus valde, basi leviter rotundatus, angulis pos-

ticis obtusis, modice rotundatis ; disco vix convexus, transversim

leviter rugosus ; impressionibus transversis debilibus, anteriore

angulata, paulo distinctiore, linea longitudinali utrinque abbrevi-

ata, satis profunda, basalibus magnis, rotundatis, non profundis,

punctis paucis impressis. E/ytra thorace latiora, subparallela

apice rotundata, levissime sinuata; striata, striis obsoletissime

punctatis ; interstitiis levissime convexis, tertio punctis 3 im-

pressis.

A precedente differt thorace latiore antice magis angustato,

lateribus basique minus rotundatis, angulis posticis minus rotun-

datis; striis elytrorum inconspicue punctatis, interstitiis minus

planatis.

11. morosum. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique.

12." P iceum. Rufo-piceum, nitidum, capite thoraceque obscurvore,

hoc subquadrato, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis,

elytris profunde striatis, punctisque 3 impressis. Long.

-28 lat. 12, Massachusetts: a Dom. Harris benevole

datum.

Agonum piceum. Harris Cat.

Refo-piceum nitidum, capite, thorace, antennis, palpisque ob-

scurioribus. Caput rhomboideum, rugulis paucis inter impres-

siones frontales et oculos. Thorax capite fere duplo latior,

latitudine summa paulo brevior, subquadratus, antice paulo an-

gustatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, basi parum rotundatus, angu-

lis posticis valde obtusis, apice leviter rotundatis ; disco subplanus,

leviter rugosus; margine versus angulos posticos indistincte de-

presso; impressionibus transversis distinctis, linea longitndinali

integra, basalibus latis, non profundis, subtilius rugosis, eminen-

tia parva obsoletissima ad angulum. E/ytra thorace fere sesqui

latiora, transversim modice convexa, apice rotundata, vix sinuata ;

profunde striata, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio punetis 3

impressis, duobus posticis ad striam secundam sitis. Subtus

totum rufo-piceum.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 227)

13. nutans. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

femoratum. Mels. Cat.; Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in pro-

vinciis occidentalibus et ad Rocky Mountains.

14.*basale. neo-nigrum, supra aeneum nitidum, thorace

subvirescente, elytris profunde striatis, punctisque 3

minoribus, antennarum articulo primo, pedibusque fer-

rugineis. Long. *30, lat. -115. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains rarius.

Gracile, ezneo-nigrum, supra eneum, nitidum. Pa/pi nigri,

antenne@ nigre, articulo primo ferrugineo. Caput antice angus-

tum, impressionibus frontalibus linearibus, profundis. Thorax

capite paulo latior, latitudine summa vix longior, antice vix

emarginatus, angulis deflexis, lateribus rotundatus, leviter ampli-

atus, postice retractus, latitudine basali apicali vix angustior, basi

utrinque obliquo, angulis posticis obtusis, valde rotundatis ; disco

convexus, levis; impressionibus transversis modice distinctis,

linea longitudinali postice paulo abbreviata, basalibus sat magnis,

profundis, toto cum basi subtilius minus dense punctatis, purpu-

reo-micantibus ; tuberculo parvo ad angulum thoracis extimum

inconspicuo. /ytra profunde striata, interstitlis convexis, tertio

punctis 3 minoribus. Pedes cum coxis ferruginei.

15.excavatum. Dej. Sp.Gen. Habitat ubique rarius.

16. striatopunctatum. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis

australibus rarius.

17. aeruginosum. Dej. ibid. Habitat ubique rarius.

18. p lacidum. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat ad la-

cum Superiorem communius, NoyEboracum rarius.

Trochanteres antici et intermedii plerumque picei, raro ob-

scure rubri; thorax latus, ita ut transversus fere videtur; elytra

tenuiter striata, interstitio tertio puuctis 3 vel 4 minoribus.

19. bembidioides. Kirdy loc. cit. sup. (Sericoda.)

Insectum hoc a cel. Dom. Kirby sub nomine Sericoda bembi-

dioide descriptum, in hoc genere rite adscribendum est. In spe-

228 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

cimine Kirbyano, non solum descriptione, see etiam icone accu-

rate inspecta, palpus maxillaris (a Kirbyo 5-articulatus habitus)

mutilatus videtur. Specimina quatuor, que ad Lacum Superio-

rem obtinui, characteribus omnibus hujus generis gaudent.

29. ferreum. Haldeman. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. of Phila.

Viridescente-nigrum, nitidum, elytris profunde striatis,

striis antice crenatis, antennarum basi, tibiis tarsisque

Serrugineo-pallidis. Long. *30, lat. -125. Habitat

NovEboraci rarius.

Nigro-virescens nitidum. Aztenne nigra, articulis tribus pri-

mis ferrugineis. Palpi picei. Caput leve, impressionibus line-

aribus, profundis, curvatis. Thorax subrotundatus, latitudine

summa vix longior, postice leviter retractus, angulis posticis ob-

tusis, rotundatis, basi levissime emarginato; disco modice con-

vexus, basi toto dense minus subtiliter punctatus ; impressioni-

bus transversis distinctis sed non profundis, linea longitudinali

bene notata, antice paulo abbreviata, basalibus valde profundis.

Elytra convexa, apice leviter sinuata; profunde striata, striis

antice crenatis, postice impunctatis, minus profundis ; interstitiis

convexis. Hemora nigro-picea, tibia et tarsi ferrugineo-pallida

_21.*retractum. Nigrum, nitidum, thorace subrotundato, pos-

tice retracto, margine laterali postice reflexo, elytris

profunde striatis, punctis tribus impressis, antenna-

rum basi, pedibusque ferrugineis. Vong. *255, lat.

105. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem rarius.

Gracile, nigrum, nitidum. Antenne fusce, basi ferrugine.

Caput lve, impressionibus linearibus, cum oculorum margine

confluentibus. T’/orax latitudine summa vix longior, subrotun-

datus, antice emarginatus, angulis anticis obtusis, lateribus ro-

tundatus, pone medium leviter retractus, angulis posticis obtusis

valde rotundatis, latitudine basali apicali minore ; margine late-

rali, pone medium tenuiter reflexo; disco leviter convexus; im-

pressione trausversa anteriore vix conspicua, posteriore recta;

basalibus longis, linearibus, satis impressis. Elytra latiuscula,

Catalogue of the Geodephagous. Coleoptera. 229

apice vix sinuata, profunde striata, striis omnino levyibus, inter-

stitiis modice convexis, tertio punctis 3 minoribus. Pedes cum

coxis rufo-ferrugineis.

22, *decipiens.

aff ine. Dej. Cat. MNigrum subvirescens, thorace postice

levissime retracto, impressionibus basalibus foveolifor-

mibus, elytris tenuiter profunde striatis, punctis quin-

que impressis, pedibus dilute piceis. Long. *27, lat.

‘11. Habitat in Georgia rarius.

Nigrum, subvirescens, nitidum. Antenne omnino nigre, palpi

picei. Caput leve, impressionibus linearibus, cum oculorum

margine confluentibus. Thorax subrotundatus, antice vix emar-

ginatus, postice subangustatus, angulis anticis deflexis, posticis

valde obtusis, rotundatisque, latitudine basali apicali minore ;

disco convexus, impressionibus transyersis levibus, posteriore

evidentiore, linea longitudinali integra, profunda, basalibus ro-

tundatis, profundis, linea brevissima ad basin non extendente

notatis. H/lytra tenuiter profunde striata, striis antice leviter

punctulatis, interstitiis levissime convexis, tertio punctis 5 im-

pressis. Pedes dilute picei.

23. lenum. Dej. Sp. Gen.

var. pict penne. Kirby. loc. cit. sup. Habitat ad Lacum

Superiorem,

24.sordens. Kirby. ibid. Habitat cum priore.

25. mi @ric eps. Llongatum, testaceum, capite nigro, thorace

medio fusco-vittato, elytris subtilius minus profunde

striatis. Long. *25, lat. 10. Habitat ad Lacum

Superiorem rarius.

Elongatum, depressum, habitu fere Demetriz cujusdam, tes-

taceum, sub-nitidum. Antenne fusce basi testacew. Caput su-

pra et subtus nigro-virescens, impressionibus postice coéuntibus.

Palpi fter:uginei, apice picei. Thorax subquadratus, latitudine

summa longior, antice et postice truncatus, lateribus leviter ro-

tundatis, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis ; deplanatus, subtili-

230° Catalogue of the Geodephagous ‘Coleoptera

ter transverse rugosus, testaceus, medio vitta lata fuscescente ;

impressionibus transversis distinctis, linea longitudinali tenuis-

sima, antice abbreviata, basalibus vix conspicuis. E/ytra apice

vix sinuata, subtiliter minus profunde striata, stria suturali pro-

fundiore; pallide testacea, sutura leviter infuscata.

296. luctuosum. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique: variat ni-

gro-piceum, pedibus rufo-piceis.

27: punctifo rme. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat

ubique rarius.

rufipes. Dej. Sp. Gen.

28. limbatum. Say. Trans! Am. Phil. Soc.

palliatum, De}. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis

rarius, et in australibus.

OLISTHOPUS. De}.

i. parmatus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IT. (Feronia.)

Habitat in provinciis mediis, et occidentalibus rarius.

29 *micans. Piceus, nitidus, thorace rotundato, antice emargi-

nato, elytris eyanco-micantibus, tenuiler striatis, punc-

tis 3 impressis, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis.

Long. ‘19, lat. 09. Habitat in Georgia rarissime.

Piceus, nitidus. Antenne basi pallide, palpi picei apice tes-

tacei. Caput latum, antice subacutum, impressionibus vix dis-

tinctis ; puncto majusculo ad oculorum marginem superiorem.

Thorax \atitudine summa sesqui fere brevior, antice emargina-

tus, lateribus cum basi valde rotundatis, angulis posticis fere

nullis; disco levissime convexus; impressionibus transversis

fere obliteratis, linea longitudinali profunda, basalibus parvis, ro-

tundatis, vix conspicuis. E/ytra rotundata, apice fere truncata,

thorace latiora, latitudine summa vix sesqui longiora, tenuiter

striata, tertia punctis 3 majusculis, interstitiis planissimis ; picea,

margine dilutiore, cyaneo-micantia. Lpipleura, pedesque tes-

tacci.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 231

PLATYDERUS. Stephens.

1, erythropus. Dej. (Feronia) Sp. Gen.

nitidus. Kirby. F. B=-A. Vol. IV. Habitat ubique rari-

us; mento late dentato, dente brevissimo, obtuse

emarginato ab Argutore distinguendus.

Pd&CILUS. Bon.

1. chalcites. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Habitat ubique

satis commune.

2. *cyaneus. Cyaneus, elytris nitore viridi micantibus, tho-

race basi utrinque bistriato, stria exteriore breviore,

elytris profunde striatis, stria tertia punctis duobus

majusculis, antennis pedibusque ngris. Long. -445,

lat. 18. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

Cyaneus, nitidus, elytris nitore viridi micantibus. Antenne

nigra, articulis duobus primis subtus piceis. Palpi nigri. Ca-

put parum conyexum, oculis minusculis vix exstantibus, leve,

impressionibus frontalibus levibus, linearibus, brevibus. Thorax

capite duplo fere latior, latitudine summa sesqui fere brevior,

subquadratus, antice leviter angustatus, vix emarginatus, angulis

anticis deflexis, lateribus valde rotundatis; modice convexus,

postice subdepressus ; impressionibus transversis inconspicuis,

linea longitudinali tenui, integra; basalibus geminis, linearibus,

profundis, exteriore angulo approximata, breviore, basi toto le-

vissimo. Elytra subparallela, parum convexa, profunde striata,

striis leviter punctatis, striola inter primam et secundam postice

valde abbreviata, cum prima non confluente, interstitiis subplanis

tertio punctis 2 majusculis pone medium sitis. Subtus niger,

nitidus.

Ozs.—P. chalciti simillimus, thorace tamen postice retracto,

basi impunctato, interstitiis elytralibus planiusculis, striis minus

punctatis, antennarumque basi nigro-piceo facile distinguendus.

3. lucublandus. Say. loc. cit. sup.

Abundat ubique. Species ad libitum varians, non modo colore,

232 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleopiera,

zeneo, viridizeneo, vel nigro, sed etiam thoracis basis punctatione,

qu sape vix conspicua est; pedes nonunquam castanel sunt.

Semper tamen antennarum articuli tres basales ferruginei, et

palpi picei adsunt. ;

4. *dilatatus. Latior, minus convexus, eneo-virescens, thorace

bast subtilius punctato, lateribus modice depresso, ely-

tris angustius striatis, interstitio tertio punctis tribus

minoribus, antennarum articulis tribus ferrugineis.

Long. °45, lat. *205. Habitat NovEboraci rarissime.

P. lucublando simillimus, multo latior, et minus convexus,

Eneo-virescens, subnitidus. Caput paulo latius, minute punc-

tulatum et rugulosum, impressionibus frontalibus minus profun-

dis, indistinctis. Palpi picei, basi ferruginei. Antenne picee,

articulis tribus primis ferrugineis. Thorax capite duplo latior,

latitudine summa paulo brevior, antice modice angustatus, angu-

lis anticis apice non rotundatis, lateribus valde rotundatus, basi

recte truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, margine

pone medium modice explanato, depresso, disco leviter convex-

us, transverse rugulosus ; basi praesertim ad latera subtilius mi-

nus dense punctato, impressione transversa anteriore angulata,

subindistincta, posteriore nulla, linea longitudinali tenui, integra,

basalibus geminis, linearibus, exteriore brevissima foveoliformi,

interiore profunda. #/ytra thorace non latiora, subparallela,

subdepressa, striis angustioribus, interstitiis planiusculis, tertio

punctis 3 minoribus. Subtus niger, pedes piceo-castanei.

5. castanipes. Kirby. Richardson Fauna Bor. Am.

Habitat ad Rocky Mountains. P. lucublando simillimus, ni-

gro-cyanescens, pedibus, palpis, antennarumque articulis tribus

primis rufo-castaneis; thorace longitudine non latiore, antice

minus angustato, lateribus minus rotundato, angulis posticis fere

rectis, vix rotundatis, margine explanato paulo latiore, impres-

sionibus basalibus minus profundis, fere levibus, dignoscitur.

6. "bicolor. Cyanescens, subnitidus, thorace margine explana-

to, bast obsolete punctato, utrinque uniimpresso, angu-

lis posticis valde rotundatis, antennarum basi pedi-

—!" >

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 233

busque ferrugineis. Long. °46, lat. 18. Habitat ad

Rocky Mountains.

Nigro-cyanescens, subnitidus. Antenne fusce, articulis tribus

primis ferrugineis. Palpi rufo-picei, apice picei. Caput sub-

tilissime rugosum, impressionibus frontalibus parvis, brevissimis,

vix distinctis. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine summa yix

brevior, antice leviter emarginatus et angustatus, angulis anticis

valde obtusis, lateribus valde rotundatus, basi parum angustatus,

lateribus postice late deplanatus, basi fere recto, angulis posticis

obtusis, valde rotundatis; disco modice conyexus, basi versus

latera, margineque depresso minus dense subtilius punctatus ; im-

pressione transversa angulata, vix distincta, posteriore recta, mo-

dice notata, basalibus internis latis, brevibus, non profundis,

ad basin vix distinctis, externis evanescentibus. Elytra profun-

de striata, striis subtiliter punctatis, interstitiis modice conyexis,

tertio punctis 4 impressis. Subtus niger, pedes cum coxis anti-

cis ferruginei, coxze intermediz et posticee piceo-nigre.

convexicollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.

Nigro-virescens, nitidissimus, thorace impressionibus

transversis, basalibusque profundis, his vix punctatis,

margine laterali tenui deplanato, elytris eneis, striis

leviter punctatis, punctisque tribusimpressis ; antenna-

rum basi ferrugineo, palpis pedibusque nigro-piceis.

Long. °35, lat. :14. Habitat ad Cataractam Sancte

Marie rarius.

Insectum elegans: supra nigro-virescens, elytris eneis, niti-

dissimis, subtus niger. Antenne obscure, articulis tribus basa-.

libus pallide ferrugineis, palpi picei. Caput leve impressioni-

bus parvis, brevissimis, satis profundis. Thorax capite vix duplo

latior, antice leviter angustatus, profunde emarginatus, angulis

anticis apice non rotundatis, lateribus modice rotundatus, prae-

sertim ante medium, postice levissime retractus, margine angus-

tiusculo, pone medium explanato, basi fere recto, angulis posti-

cis leviter obtusis, apice non rotundatis ; disco convexus leevissi-

mus, punctis paucis ad basin indistinctis ; impressionibus trans

334 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

yersis profundis, linea longitudinali bene notata, basalibus gemi-

nis profundis, exteriore breviore. /ytra thorace non latiora,

subparallela, nea, nitida; profunde striata, striis leviter punctatis,

interstitiis modice convex's, tertio punctis 3 majoribus. Pedes

nigro-picei.

*scitulus. Swdelongatus. subdepressus, lete viridianeus, vel

purpureus, nitidissimus ; thorace postice retracto,

basi utringue bistriato, elytris profunde striatis, striis

leviter punctatis, punctisque duobus impressis, antenna-

rum articulis duobus ferrugineis. Long. *315, lat.

‘125. Habitat ad fluminis Platte furcationem.

Species lepida. Angustiusculus subdepressus, lete viridizeneus,

raro purpureus, nitore viridi micans, nitidissimus. Palp? nigri,

articulo ultimo apice piceo. Antenne piceo-nigre, articulis duo-

bus primis ferrugineis. Caput majusculum, oculis prominulis,

impressionibus frontalibus linearibus, profundis, externe curvatis.

Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine summa vix longior, antice

non angustatus, leviter emarginatus, angulis subdeflexis, lateri-

bus antice valde rotundatus, postice modice retractus, basi me-

dio levissime emarginatus, angulis posticis rectis, apice non ro-

tundatis: leviter conyexus; ‘impressione transyersa anteriore

modice profunda, arcuata, posteriore minus distincta, linea longi-

tudinali utrinque abbreviata, profunda, basalibus geminis lineari-

bus, profundis, exteriore margini valde approximata, breviore,

interstitio depresso, irregulariter striato (sicut in Omaseis pleris-

que. lytra subparallela, disco planiuscula, profunde striata,

striis leviter punctatis, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio punctis

2 majusculis pone medium sitis. Subtus niger, tarsis piceo-ni-

gris.

OMASEUS. Ziegler.

Genus antennis breviusculis, articulo 1™o crassiore ; 2ndo ro-

tundato-obconico ; 3io duplo fere longiore sensim, valde clayato ;

4'o sesqui breviore, sensim clayato; reliquis equalibus, subquad-

Catalogue of the Geodaphagous Coleoptera. 335

ratis, crassitie sesqui longioribus, leviter compressis, ultimo

paulo longiore, apice acuto: menti dente obtuse emarginato,

distinctum.

1, Orinomum. Leach. Kirby. F. B.-A. Vol. IV. Habitat

ad Lacum Superiorem.

ADELOSIA. Stephens.

OMASEUS. p. Dej.

Antenne breves, crassiuscule, caput cum thorace vix exce-

dentes; articulo 1mo crassiore, cylindrico; 2ndo brevi, obconico,

crassitie vix longiore : 3!0 plus duplo longiore, clavato, basi com-

presso ; 4to sesqui breviore, inferne sinuato, a medio subito cla-

vato; reliquis equalibus, subquadratis, crassitie duplo longiori-

bus, modice compressis, ultimo paulo longiore, apice acuto.

Thorax subquadratus, postice angustatus, lateribus brevissime

sinuatis, basi utrinque uniimpressus; e/ytra stria rudimentali

inter Imam et 2ndam sita, longa, distincta; palpi crassiusculi :

mentum dente lato, apice leviter emarginato.

Habitus subdepressus, fere Omasei orinomum: distinctus ta-

men articulo antennarum tertio.

1. muta. Say. Am. Phil. Trans., Vol. III. (Feronia.)

carbonaria. Dej. Sp. Gen. Vol. ILL. (Feronia.)

ptcicornis. Kirby. F. B-A. Vol. IV. (Omaseus.) Abun-

dat ubique.

2, morosa. Dej.Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci: precedenti

simillima ; forma paulo angustiore, thorace postice

paulo magis retracto, lateribus postice minus sinua-

tis, basi medio leviter emarginato, egre cognoscenda.

3 oblon gonota ta. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV.

Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem. Omaseo orinomum

simillima; thorace tamen postice magis retracto, bre-

vissime, levissimeque sinuato; margine acutius re-

flexo; elytrisque paulo minus profunde striatis, dis-

tincta.

336 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

STEREOCERUS. Kirby.

OMASEUS. p. auctorum.

Antennz breves, crassiuscule, caput cum thorace vix exce-

dentes ; articulo 1™° brevi, crasso, latitudine vix longiore ; 2ndo

sesqui breviore, valde obconico, crassitie paulo longiore; 3i° pri-

mum longitudine z#quante, basi angusto, sensim valde clavato ;

410 paulo breviore, inferne plus minusve sinuato, apice incras-

sato, clavatoque ; sequentibus equalibus, arcte conjunctis, cras-

sitie yix sesqui longioribus, subcompressis : labrum breviuscu-

lum; mentum dente longo, apice profunde impresso, non emar-

ginato. Thorax subquadratus, postice retractus, lateribus sinu-

atis, angulo postico recto, carina brevi instructo ; basi utrinque

bistriatus ; elytra stria rudimentali inter primam et secundam

brevissima ; interstitio tertio 3-punctato.

§ 1. Habitus subdepressus, Adelosiz similis.

corvinus. De}. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique.

9 caudicalis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IL.

n ig rita. Kirby. F. B—A. Vol. IV. (Omaseus.) Habitat

NovEboraci, et ad Lacum Superiorem ; antennarum

articuli, basi paulo magis compressi, latitudinaliter

visi, attenuati videntur, et sic a Sayo descripti sunt;

cum descriptione O. nigritee Paykulii egre convenit

hzec species.

3 luctuosus. Dej. Sp. Gen. WHabitat cum priore. 8S. cau-

dicalem maxime refert, paulo minor, thorace postice

minus retracto, sinuatoque, carina paulo longiore,

impressioneque exteriore distinctiore, agnoscendus.

§ 2. Corpus apterum, subcylindricum, capite magno, Cophosum

referens, thorace lateribus vix rotundatis, postice retractis,

vix sinuatis, carina basali yix conspicua: mentum dente la

tiore, apice leviter truncato: mandibule elongate, porrec-

tee ; elytris interstitio tertio impunctato.

a gran dice ps. Niger nitidus, thorace planiusculo, basi

biimpresso, impressione exteriore punctiformi, elytris

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. = 337

profunde striatis, striis punctatis. Long. .550, lat.

185. Habitat NovEboraci rarissime. —

Niger, nitidus: caput magnum, antice subacutum, linea trans-

versa tenui inter antennas; impressionibus parvis profundis ;

oculis vix prominulis: daérwm quadratum, planum, piceum ;

palpi rufo-picei; antenne obscuriores. Thorax capite vix latior,

latitudine summa non longior, antice posticeque truncatus, late-

ribus vix rotundatis, postice retractis, levissimeque sinuatis, an-

gulis posticis minime rotundatis; disco leviter convexus ; im-

pressione transversa anteriore magna, angulata, medio indistinc-

te duplicata, non profunda: posteriore basi approximata, linea

longitudinali utringue abbreviata, profunda: basalibus latis,

levibus, stria leviter recurvata, punctoque oblongo externo no-

tatis, carina obsoletissima inter punctum et marginem. LElytra

thorace vix latiora, plus duplo longiora, parallela, convexa, pro-

funde striata, striis punctatis, rudimentali vix conspicua.

Feronia rostrata (Newman) hane speciem, appropinquat, et

forte in hoc genere adscribenda est: differt tamen striis eclytrali

bus impunctatis.

ARGUTOR. Megerle.

Antenne filiformes ; mentum dente obtuso, nonnunquam vix

conspicuo, apice nec impresso, nec emarginato.

§1. Thorace postice retracto; corpus subcylindricum, sub-con-

vexum.

i. patrue lis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis,

2, bicolor. Kirby. F. B-—A. Habitat NovEboraci rarius,

§ 2. Therace postice vix retracto; corpus subdepressum,

+ pedes rufo-picci.

3, celeris. Dej. Sp. Gen.

contaminatus. Mels. Cat. Habitat ubique rarissime.

4, 7 p iciventris. Niger nitidus, thorace subquadrato, postice

utringue tineariter impresso, elytris striato punctatis,

antennarum basi, palpis pedibusque rufis. Long. +22,

lat, 08. Habitat in Georgia.

338 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Habitu fere A. recti at sesqui minor. Niger, nitidus. Azten-

ne brunnex, basi rufe, palpi rufi. Caput leve, impressionibus

froutalibus brevibus, profundioribus. Thorax subquadratus, pos-

tice non angustatus, antice vix emarginatus, angulis, leviter deflex-

is, lateribus minus rotundatus, angulis posticis paulo explanatis,

leviter obtusis, apice vix rotundatis; disco leviter convyexus,

postice subplanus : impressionibus transversis modice distinctis,

linea longitudinali profunda, integra, basalibus linearibus, minus

profundis. /ytra cyaneo-micantia ; profunde striata, stria rudi-

mentali nulla, striis punctatis, interstitiis parum conyexis, tertio

puncto impresso. Subtus piceus, pedes dilute rufo-picei.

_rectus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. Vol. IL. (Feronia.)

velox. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique : pedibus nonnun-

quam piceis variat.

tt pedes nigro-picei.

agilis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

fe moratus. Wirby. F. B—A. Vol. IV. Habitat ubique.

*brevicollis. Niger nitidissimus, thorace latiore, antice

levissime emarginato, angulis deflexis, vix rotundatis, lateribus

antice valde rotundato, postice levissime retracto, basi recto,

angulis posticis leviter explanatis, fere rectis, apice non ro-

tundatis; disco antice modice convexo, postice subplano;

impressionibus transversis vix distinctis, linea longitudinali

utrinque paulo abbreyiata, basalibus profundis, punctis paucis

notatis ; elytris viridi cyaneoque micantibus, profunde striatis,

striis subtilissime punctatis, interstitiis convexis, tertio puncto

impresso ; antennarum articulo primo, palpisque ferrugineis,

his apice piceis: pedibus nigris. Long. ‘41, lat.:175. Habitat

in proyinciis australibus, et NovEboraci rarius.

minor. Chaudoir loc. cit. sup, (Megalostylus.*) Niger niti-

dus; thorace paulo angustiore quam in precedente, antice levi-

ter emarginato, angulis anticis deflexis, apice non rotundatis,

* Megalostylus, genus Curculionidum, conf. Schén. Gen, et Sp. Cureul. Vol. VI.

————

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 339

lateribus modice rotundato, postice levissime angustato, angulis

posticis obtusis, apice non rotundatis, modice deplanatis ; disco

vix convexo, postice subplano; linea longitudinali tenuissima, im-

pressionibus transyersis fere obsoletis, posteriore paulo eviden-

tiore ; basalibus latioribus, brevioribus, profundis, punctis nonul-

lis obsoletis: elytris paulo latioribus, convexioribus, subparal-

lelis, lateribus perparum rotundatis, profunde striatis, striis levis-

sime punctatis, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio puncto im-

presso : antennarum articulis tribus basalibus palpisque ferrugi-

neis, his apice piceis; femoribus nigro-piceis, tibiis, tarsisque

brunneis. Long. -355, lat. *15.

Habitat Novi Aureliani a Dom. Guex benevole datus.

9. erraticus. Dej.Sp. Gen. Pracedente paulo angustior,

niger nitidissimus ; thorace atitice levissime emarginato, angulis

anticis magis deflexis, lateribus antice modice rotundatis, postice

levissime sinuatis, retractisque, basi fere recto, angulis posticis

aecurate rectis, apice non rotundatis, minus explanatis; disco

antice modice convexo, postice subplano ; impressionibus trans-

versis fere obsoletis, poster:ore evidentiore, linea longitudinali

profunda, postice abbreviata, basalibus profundis, longioribus,

punctis paucis minus subtilibus notatis, elytris subparallelis

minus convexis, cyaneo micantibus, profunde striatis, striis obso-

letius punctatis, interstitiis vix convexis, tertio puncto impresso ;

antennis nigris, articulo primo picescente, palpis brunneo-piceis,

pedibus nigro-piceis, tarsis brunneis. Long. °39, lat. -15. Habitat

in provinciis australibus.

10. *nitidulus. Statura omnino precedentis, niger nitidis-

simus ; thorace latitudine summa paulo breviore, antice emargi-

nato, angulis anticis vix deflexis, modice rotundatis, lateribus

rotundato, postice leviter retracto (non sinuato), basi medio levis-

sime emarginato, angulis posticis minus explanatis, obtusis, apice

non rotundatis; disco antice levissime convexo, postice sub-

plano; linea longitudinali tenuissima, impressione transversa

anteriore omnino obliterata, posteriore distincta, basalibus longi-

oribus, linearibus, modice profuudis, parce minus subtiliter punc-

340 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

tatis, elytris cyaneo-micantibus, subparallelis, minus convexis,

striis profundis, impunctatis, interstitiis fere planis, tertio puncto

impresso; antennis brunneis, basi ferrugineis ; palpis ferrugi

neis; femoribus piceis, tibiis tarsisque obscure ferrugineis.

Long. 37, lat.:14. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

+++ Thorace rotundato retracto, angulis posticis obtusis ; pedi-

bus saturate rufis.

11. lucidulus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Niger nitidissimus; thorace

angulis anticis sub-deflexis, vix rotundatis, lateribus valde rotun-

dato, postice leviter retracto, angulis posticis obtusis, valde rotun-

datis, impressione transversa anteriore profunda, angulata, linea

longitudinali tenui, antice abbreviata, basalibus profundis, parce

punctatis ; elytris profunde striato-punctatis, cyaneo-micantibus,

interstitiis modice conyexis, tertio puncto impresso ; antennarum

basi, palpis, pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. °48, lat.:18. Habi-

tat in provinciis australibus.

12. laticollis. Chaudoir. Bulletin Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Mos-

cou, No. IV. (Megalostylus). Niger nitidissimus, thorace paulo

Jatiore, angulis anticis deflexis, rotundatis, lateribus minus rotun-

dato, postice non retracto, angulis posticis minus rotundatis, im-

pressione transyersa anteriore margini approximata, vix angulata,

basalibus minus profundis, obsolete parce punctatis, linea longi-

tudinali antice paulo abbreviata, tenui; elytris cyaneo-micanti-

bus, profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis modice convexis, tertio

puncto impresso; antennurum basi, palpis pedibusque ferrugi-

neis ; tibiis posticis maris incurvatis. Long. °44, lat. °175. Hab-

itat in provinciis australibus.

PIESMUS.* nov. gen.

Antenne filiformes ; palpi crassiusculi, articulo penultimo basi

attenuato, ultimo cylindrico truncato non longiore, mentum

dente longo, obtuso, integerrimo, apice leviterimpresso. Thorax

subquadratus, postice retractus, lateribus rotundatis, margine

* A wil, premo, quasi cerpore depresso.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 341

latiusculo reflexo, basi late impressus. Elytra profunde striata,

stria rudimentali Jongiuscula, inter lmam et 2udam sita; apice

rotundata, leviter sinuata. Habitus depressus.

Nota—Maxille tenues, elongate, apice acute incurvate,

intus sparse ciliate.

1. submarginatus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. Dej.

Sp. Gen. (Feronia.) Habitat in provinciis australi-

: bus.

LYPERUS. Chaudoir.

Antenne filiformes; palpi tenues, articulo ultimo cylindrico,

minime ovali, precedente pau'o longiore ; mentum deute magno,

apice late profundeque excavato inflexoque, obtuse emargina-

to. ‘Thorax subquadratus, lateribus rotundatis, postice brevis-

sime sinuatis, leviter retractis : margine reflexo; basi biimpressus,

impressione exterlore brevissima, punctiformi. Elytra thorace

paulo latiora apice rotundata, vix sinuata, stria rudimentali longius-

cula, cum prima confluente, interstitio tertio 3-punctato. Habitus

depressus.

Nora.—Maxille latiuscule, apice valde rotundato-incurvnte,

intus dense ciliata.

1.*Haldemanni. Depressus, subelongatus, niger nitidus,

elytris opaciusculis, fere planis, striis minus profundis.

Long. ‘87, lat. 31. Habitat in Alabama, a Dom.

Haldeman amice datus.

L. tartaricum maxime refert, sed magis depressus. Caput

omnino sicut in L. tartarico. Thorax postice magis retractus,

lateribus magis sinuatis, angulis posticis accurate rectis, impres-

sione basali paulo profundiore, punctis paucis obsoletis: stria

longiore, postice obliqua; impressionibus reliquis sicut in L.

tartarico. lytra fere plana, opaciuscula, apice rotundata, obso-

letissime sinuata, tenuiter profunde striata; striis lavissimis ;

interstitiis vix convexis.

2, tartaricus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. (Feronia.)

complanatus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Feronia), Habitat in

provinciis australibus sat frequens.

e.-

342 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

3. *scrutator. Niger pernitidus; thoracis margine non in-

crassato; elytris parallelis profunde striatis, striis

levissimis, postice minus impressis. Long. °612, lat.

-23. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

Precedenti simillimus, at sesqui minor. Niger pernitidus ;

caput omnino sicut in L, tartarico; Thorax antice paulo latior,

postice magis retractus, lateribus minus subito sinuatis, margine

postice non incrassato ; impressionibus fere sicut in L. tartarico,

basalibus profundioribus, obsolete subtilius punctatis, brevius et

minus profunde striatis, spatio inter striam et marginem reflex-

um depresso (in L. tartarico convexo). Elytra magis parallela

apice magis sinuata, profunde striata, striis lavissimis, versus

apicem minus impressis, interstitiis leviter convexis.

4. acutangulu s. Chaudoir, Bull. de la Soc. des Nat. de

Moscou, 1843. Habitat in provinciis occidentalibus.

FERONIA. Lat.

Antenne filiformes, subtenues, articulo 1mo crassiore, cylin-

drico; 2udo duplo breviore, subcylindrico ; 3i° sesqui, vel etiam

duplo longiore, apice vix clavato ; 4to et sequentibus ei equali-

bus (in Platysmate vix conspicue brevioribus) levissime obconi-

cis, leviter compressis, ultimo paulo longiore, apice subacuto.

Mentum dente lato, longo, versus apicem profunde excavato-im-

presso, apice plus minusve emarginato. Habitus varius. Palpi

externi articulo penultimo basi attenuato; ultimo nunc paulo

longiore, nune breviore, in omnibus fere cylindrico, apice rotun-

dato-truncato.

§ 1. Corpus ovale; thorace basi elytra equante, basi utrinque

biimpresso, margine tenui reflexo: elytris stria prima basi

obliqua, unacum secunda oriente.

ABAX. Bonelli.

1. striata. Dej. Sp. Gen, Habitat in provinciis australibus, a

Dom. Haldeman amice data-

“tg

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 343

2. permunda. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. [V. Hab-

itat ad St. Louis.

3. *quadricollis. Angustior, parallela, thorace quadrato,

antice vix angustato, transversim leviter rugoso, mar-

gine valde angusto, basi utrinque longe profundeque

bistriato, elytris profunde striatis, striis obsolete punc-

tatis, stria rudimentalr fere nulla, interstitio 7™° levi-

ter elevato. Long. 6, lat.-2. Habitat in Pennsyl-

vania, a Dom. Melsheimer benevole data.

I’. striola Europe valde refert, sed minor et angustior, tho-

race antice vix angustato, basi impunctato, profunde bistriato,

spatio inter striam exteriorem et marginem elevato, fere carina-

to; striaque elytrorum abbreviata, obsoletissimaque facile distin-

guenda hee species.

§ 2. Antennis breviusculis, valde compressis, thorace lateribus

valde rotundatis, basi subito constricto, medio leviter emar-

ginato, angulis posticis rectis, minime rotundatis, basi utrin-

que biimpressa, acuteque carinata; elytrorum stria abbre-

viata, inter [mam et 2udam gita, brevissima, sepe vix con-

spicua.

MOLOPS. Bonelli.

i. *colossus. Nigra nitida, thorace antice paulo angustato,

lateribus valde rotundato, postice subito constricto, basi

obsolete rugose-punctato, clytris striato-punctatis, punc-

toque impresso. WLong.*77, lat.:28. Habitat in Mis-

souri.

Nigra, nitida; caput breviusculum, linea transversa inter an-

tennas valde profunda; impressionibus frontalibus linearibus,

profundis, antice paulo abbreviatis. Thorax capite duplo latior,

latitudine paulo brevior, antice paulo angustato, rotundato-emar-

ginato, angulis subacutis, lateribus valde rotundatis, ad basin

subito constrictis, sinuatisque ; disco minus convexus ; linea anti-

ca arcuata, margini approximata, distincta, impressione anteriore

transversa vix distiucta, posteriore modice profunda, linea longi-

344 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

tudinali profunda, utrinque abbreviata, basalibus profundis, ru-

gose-punctatis, profunde bistriatis, striis subaqualibus, interiore —

paulo longiore. Elytra oyalia, lateribus leviter rotundatis, pos-

tice rotundata, vix sinuata, basi profunde impressa, leviter con-

tracta, humeris distinctis ; striato-punctata, striis postice leviori-

bus, stria rudimentali panctiformi, interstitiis levissime convexis,

tertio unipunctato.

29, *substriata. Latiuscula, nigra nitida, thorace postice

valde constricto, impressionibus profundis, impuncta-

tis, exteriore breviore ; elytris tenue striato-punctatis,

striis externis obsoletis. Long. *57, lat.*21. Habitat

ad Rocky Mountains.

Latiuscula ; mandibule profunde striate. Caput linea trans-

versa profunda, impressionibus frontalibus linearibus, profundis.

Thorax capite vix duplo latior, latitudine brevior, antice vix

emarginatus, lateribus valde rotundatis, postice valde coarctatis,

minus sinuatis; disco minus convexus; impressione anteriore

linea arcuata valde profunda, posteriore valde profunda, linea

longitudinali forti, antice paulo abbreviata, basalibus profundis,

impunctatis, linea interiore longa, curvata, cum exteriore brevi

postice connexa; carina valde abbreviata. E/ytra thorace vix

latiora, planiuscula, apice attenuato-rotundata, humeris satis dis-

tinctis, basi leviter impressa; tenuiter striato-punctata, striis

versus apicem et ad latera obsvletis, 7™4 et 8va fere obliteratis ;

interstitiis planis; 3io0 unipunctato. Antenna, palpi, pedesque

picei.

3. constricta. Nigra nitida, thorace linea transversa antica;

elytris profunde striatis, striis punctatis, punctoque

impresso. Long. *5, lat. ‘17. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains.

I’. constricta, Say; Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc., Vol. ITT.

Precedente angustior et convexior. Mandibule striate.

Caput in mare majusculum, in foemina mediocre, linea trans-

versa tenui, impressionibus frontalibus rectis, profundis, lineari-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 345

bus. Thorax capite maris vix sesqui latior, femine fere duplo

latior, latitudine paulo brevior, antice vix emarginatus, lateri-

bus magis rotundatis, postice subito magis coarctatus, latitu-

dine basali apicalis dimidium yvix equante ; disco convexiusculus,

transverse leviter rugosus ; impressione transversa anteriore linea

valde profunda, medio obtuse leviter angulata, posteriore valde

impressa, linea longitudinali forti, antice abbreviata, basalibus

omnino sicut in F. substriata. Elytra thorace vix latiora, lati-

tudine sesqui longiora, humeris rotundatis, satis distinctis, apice

attenuato-rotundata, basi vix impressa; profunde striata, striis

distincte punctatis, versus apicem minus profundis; interstitiis

subplanis, 3i0 unipunctato. Pa/pi, antenne, pedesque pice.

4, *ov ip ennis. Longiuscula, postice subattenuata, nigra ni-

tida ; thorace linea antica tenur distincta, lateribus

minus rotundato, postice valde coarctato; elytris

profunde striatis, striis obsolete punctatis, punctoque

tmpresso. Long. ‘53, lat. ‘175. Habitat etiam ad

Rocky Mountains.

Precedente angustior: nigra, nitida. Mandibule striate.

Caput majusculum, linea transversa tenui, impressionibus fron-

talibus rectis, profundis. Thorax latitudine paulo brevior, cor-

datus, antice vix emarginatus, lateribus paulo minus rotundatis,

postice valde retractis, paulo minus subito sinuatis ; disco con-

vexus, transverse leviter rugosus, impressione transversa anter1-

ore nulla, vel vix conspicua, linea arcuata tenui, margini approxi-

mata, profunda; posteriore profundissima, linea longitudinali

antice abbreviata, valde profunda, basalibus profundis, stria inte-

riore longiore, postice cum exteriore arcuatim connexa. Elytra

ovalia, latitudine plus sesqui longiora, thorace non latiora, versus

apicem subattenuata, humeris modice distinctis, basi vix impres-

sa; profunde striata, striis versus apicern minus impressis, in mare

punctatis, in femina fere levibus, insterstitiis subplanis, tertio

unipunctato; antennz, palpi, et pedes picei.

5. *ineisa. Longiuscula, nigra nitida, postice subattenuata;

346 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

thorace linea tenui antica, bast impunctato, striis bre-

vioribus: elytris humeris fere nullis, basi profunde

impressis, profunde striatis, interstitio 3io bipunctato.

Long. *51, lat.-16. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

Precedenti simillima, nigra nitida. Caput subelongatum,

linea transversa profunda, impressionibus frontalibus rectis, pro-

fundis. Mandihule glabre. Thorax forma omnino sicut in F.

ovipenni, linea antica tenui arcuata, margini approximata, impres-

sione transversa posteriore valde profunda, linea longitudinali ten-

ui,profunda, antice paulo abbreviata, basalibus profundis, levibus,

fovea oblonga,parva, profunda, striaque brevi externa notatis, cari-

nabrevi acuta. EH/ytra elongaio-ovalia, latitudine thoracem vix

equantia, thorace duplo longiora, apice rotundato-attenuata, basi

profunde impressa ; tenue profunde striata, striis versus basin in-

conspicue punctatis,interstitiis leviter convexis, 3i9 punctis duo-

bus ; pedes picei.

Variat interstitio 3io sinistro unipunctato.

*lixa. Picea nitida, thorace postice valde constricto, lateri-

bus breviter sinuatis, basi distincte biimpresso, obso-

lete punctato, clytris profunde striatis, striis punc-

tatis; abdomine pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. 4, lat.

‘16. Habitat cum precedentibus.

Precedente latior, picea, nitida. Mandibule glabre. Caput

leve, impressionibus rectis, profundis, linea transversa minus

impressa. Thorax capite fere duplo latior, latitudine fere sesqui

brevior, lateribus latius rotundatis, postice brevius sinuatis, valde

retractis : disco minus convexus ; impressione transversa anteri-

ore vix conspicua, linea arcuata tenuissima, margini approxi-

mata, posteriore valde profunda, linea longitudinali profunda,

antice paulo abbreviata, basalibus valde profundis, obsolete

punctatis, distincte bistriatis, striis postice subconnexis ; carina

brevissima, acuta. E/ytra thorace vix latiora, ovalia, humeris

valde rotundatis, apice rotundata, levissime sinuata, basi pro-

funde impressa; striis tenuibus at profundis, punctatis; inter-

stitiis planis, tertio unipunctato ; subtus rufo-picea, antennis pal-

pis, pedibusque dilutioribus,

—

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 347

*abdominalis. Picea, vel nigro picea, nitida, abdomine

pedibusque dilutioribus ; thorace linea transversa an-

tica nulla: elytris profunde striatis, striaque rudi-

mentali brevi. Long. *4, lat.°16. Habitat cum pri-

oribus.

Preecedentem maxime refert. Picea nitida. Caput fere idem,

linea transversa paulo profundiore. Mandibule glabre. Tho-

rax paulo angustior, postice minus retractus, lateribus paulo

minus rotundatis; linea transversa antica fere nulla, impressione

transversa anteriore obsoleta, posteriore profunda, linea longitu-

dinali tenui, fere integra, basalibus paulo minus profundis, stria

interiore longa, at minus impressa, postice cum exteriore arcua-

tim connexa. Elytra minus oyalia, humeris satis distinctis,

postice rotundata, leviter sinuata; profunde striata, striis vix

conspicue punctatis, rudimentali brevi, distincta, inter 1mam et

2udam sita ; interstitiis modice convexis, 3/0 unipunctato.

Nora.—Species precedentes summa affinitate connexz sunt,

et egre dignoscende.

*corax. Depressiuscula, nigra nitida, thorace lateribus

valde rotundatis, postice brevius sinuatis, impressione

anteriore angulata; elytris profunde striatis, striis

leviter punctatis, rudimentali brevi, punctoque impres-

so, interstitio 70 basi elevato. Long. 61, lat. -2%.

Habitat etiam ad Rocky Mountains.

Nigra nitida, depressiuscula ; mandibule obsolete striate. Ca-

put linea transversa obsoleta, impressionibus frontalibus profun-

dis, brevibus, oculis prominulis. T'’horax capite vix sesqui latior,

latitudine paulo brevior, antice emarginatus, angulis anticis sub

acutis, lateribus valde rotundatis, postice brevius sinuatis, coarc-

tatus, angulis posticis accurate rectis; disco minus convexus,

margine tenui reflexo, quam in precedentibus paulo latiore;

linea antica transversa tenuissima, margini valde approximata,

impressione transversa anteriore angulata, distincta, posteriore

minus profunda, linea longitudinali profunda, integra, basalibus

profundis, profunde bistriatis, striis longis, subeequalibus. LElytra

348 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

thorace vix latiora, latitudine sesqui longiora, basi levissime an-

gustata, humeris distinctis, apice rotundata, leviter sinuata, pla-

niuscula; profunde striata, striis leviter punctatis, postice minus

profundis, interstitiis versus basin convexis, 7° convexiore basi

paulo elevato, 3io unipunctato, stria rudimentali distincta, brevi,

inter 1mam et 2ndam sgita,

§ 3. Thorace quadrato-subcordato, tenuiter marginato, lateribus

rotundatis, postice valde retractis, brevissime sinuatis, angu-

lis posticis rectis, minime rotundatis, basi leviter emargi-

nato, utrinque bistriato, breviterque carinato; elytris stria

rudimentali breyi, nonnunquam confusa, cum prima juncta,

interstitio 30 unipunctato.

PTEROSTICHUS. Bonelli. °

i. orbata. Nigra nitida, thorace leviter cordato, basi utrinque

bistriato carinatoque; elyiris striato-punctatis pone

basin dilatatis, punctoque impresso, interstitiis levissi-

me convexis. Long. 685, lat.-26. Habitat in Geor-

gia. ‘

Feronia orbata. Newman, Ent. Mag. Vol. V.

Nigra, nitida. Mandibule striate. Caput leve, impressioni

bus frontalibus linearibus, parallelis, brevibus, profundis; linea

transversa tenuissima ; oculis parvis, modice prominulis. Tho-

rax capite paulo latior, latitudine summa vix brevior, leviter cor

datus, tenuiter marginatus, antice leviter emarginatus, angulis

anticis acutiusculis, rotundatis; lateribus modice rotundatis,

pone medium valde retractis, prope angulos posticos rectos bre

viter sinvatis, basi leviter emarginatus ; disco minus convexus ;

impressionibus transversis distinctis, anteriore valde angulata,

linea longitudinali tenui, fere integra, basalibus valde profundis,

obsolete rugosis, bistriatis, stria interiore paulo longiore, postice

cum exteriore indistincte connexa; carina valde distineta. Bly-

tra connata, basi thorace paulo angustiora, pone basin sevsim

dilatata, pone medium rotundata, ad apicem leviter sinuata; an-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 349

tice planiuscula, postice conyexa, striatopwictata, striis externe

et postice levioribus, interstitiis levyiter conyexis, 3i0 puncto im-

presso; stria rudimentali valde abbreviata.

sodalis. Nigra nitida, thorace cordato, basi utrinque bistriato,

carinatoque, elytris striato-punctatis, inter stitus planis

punctoque impresso. Long. ‘685, lat.:255. Habitat

in Pennsylvania rarius.

Precedenti proxima, thorace tamen lateribus magis rotundatis,

elytrisque minus profunde striatis, interstitiis planis distincta.

Nigra, nitida. Mandibule striate. Caput sicut in I’. orbata.

Thorax capite latior, latitudine summa paulo brevior, tenuiter

marginatus, antice minus emarginatus, angulis anticis magis ro-

tundatis, lateribus multo magis rotundatis, pone medium magis

retractis, prope basin breviter minusque sinuatis, angulis posti-

cis rectis, minus prominulis, basi leviter emarginatus; disco

modice convexus ; impressione transversa anterlore vix distinc-

ta, posteriore satis notata, linea longitudinali tenui, profunda,

integra, basalibus valde profundis, obsolete rugosis, bistriatis,

stria interiore paulo longiore, tuberculo parvo externo ad basin,

postice cum exteriore magis distincte arcuatim connexa; carina

valde distincta. Hlytra connata, thorace plus duplo longi-

ora, basi non latiora, pone basin leviter dilatata, postice rotunda-

ta, VIX sinuata: plamiuscula, tenuiter ,striato-punctata, striis ex-

terne et postice levioribus, interstitiis planis, 3i0 puncto impresso ;

stria rudimentali longiuscula.

.*vagans. Angustior, nigra nitida; thorace lateribus rotun-

datis, postice retractis vix sinuatis, basi impunctato,

elytris profundius striatis, interstitiis planissimis.

Long. °6, lat.*21. Habitat in provinciis occidentali-

bus.

i. orbata angustior, depressior, nigra, nitida. Caput impres-

sionibus frontalibus breyibus, valde profundis, linea transversa

obsoletissima. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine paulo

brevior, subquadratus, vix cordatus, antice leviter emarginatus,

lateribus modice rotundatis, postice retractis, obtuse sinuatis,

350 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

angulis posticis obtusis, leviter rotundatis; linea arcuata plici-

formi obsoleta, margini anteriori approximata, impressione trans-

versa anteriore indistincta, posteriore satis profunda, basalibus

rotundatis, profundis, impunctatis, bistriatis, striis postice arcua-

tim connexis. lytra thorace non latiora, planiuscula, ovalia,

latitudine fere duplo longiora, humeris satis distinctis ; opacius-

cula, profunde striata striis impunctatis versus apicem minus

impressis, interstitiis accurate planis, 7mo prope basin levissime

elevato.

Optime facit transitionem ad § 4, hac species.

§4. Thorace subquadrato, postice leviter retracto, lateribus ro-

tundatis, margini tenui reflexo, versus basin paulo latiore,

basi utrinque striato, carinaque externa munito.

t Elytris leviter striato-punctatis, stria abbreviata rudimentali vix

conspicua, inter 1mam et 2ndam sita ; interstitio 3io unipuncta-

to: habitus ovalis, subelongatus, crassiusculus.

1. heros. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. II.

americana, De}. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis austra-

libus, et in Texas: a Dom. Dr. Engelman benevole

data.

2. sigillata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.

vridua. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis rarius.

3. "seximpressa. Nigra, opaciuseula, thorace subquadrato,

lateribus magis rotundato, basi utrinque triimpresso,

elytris planiusculis. Long. *62, lat.:22. Habitat ad

Rocky Mountains, prope Long’s Peak.

Nigra, vix nitida; palpi picei: mandibule glabra. Caput lat-

itudine sesqui longius, lave, impressionibus frontalibus rectis, pro-

fundis, linea transversa tenui, levi; oculis parvis prominulis.

Thorax subquadratus, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus valde

rotundatus, postice levissime retractus, angulis posticis leviter

obtusis, apice rotundatis; margine tenui reflexo; disco leviter

conyexus ; impressione transyersa anteriore valde profunda, lin-

. -*

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 351

eari, arcuata, alteraque ei approximata et parallela indistincta,

posteriore profunda, cum basalibus profundis confusa, linea lon-

gitudinali profunda, utrinque paulo abbreviata; basi utrinque

tristririata, stria interna breyi obliqua, intermedia longiore, pos-

tice curvata, et cum externa brevi arcuatim obsolete conjuncta,

carina basali brevissima. E/ytra thorace non latiora, antice fere

recte truncata, postice leviter sinuata, striis profunde punctatis,

interstitiis planis.

Ht Elytris profunde striatis, stria prima basi obliqua ; stria abbrevi-

ata inter 1mam et 2ndam sita, longiuscula; interstitio 3i° bi-

punctato: habitus subelongatus, gracilior.

4.styg ica. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II, et Dej. Sp.

Gen. Abundat ubique; ad speciem hanc referenda

est F. rugicollis Haldeman Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I,

specimen thorace rugulis transversis distinctis obtecto,

sed non aliter diversum.

5. Ccoracina. Newman. Ent. Mag. Abundat ad Niagaram,

et in provinciz Ohio parte septentrionali.

§5. Thorace subquadrato, tenuissime marginato, elytris angus-

tiore, postice retracto, angulis posticis obtusis, minime ro-

tundatis, dente minutissimo nonnunquam armatis, basi utrin-

que unistriato, carina nulla: elytris profunde striatis, stria

abbreviata inter 1mam et 2ndam longiuscula; interstitio 3i0

bipunctato, vel impunctato. Habitus gracilis.

1.lachr ymosa. Newman loc. cit. Habitat in provinciis

australibus.

9 interfector. Newman ibid. Habitat NovEboraci ra-

rius.

3, adoxa. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.

tristis. Dej.Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique.

4, fastidita. Dej. ibid. Habitat ubique rarius.

§6. Thorace postice valde retracto, lateribus yix rotundato, angu-

352 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

lis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, margine reflexo, versus basin

paulo latiore; basi truncato, utrinque late profundeque

impresso, estriato ; elytris thorace non latioribus, profunde

striatis, stria abbreviata profunda, cum prima adjuncta,

interstitio’ 3io quadripunctato. Habitus gracilis.

1.moesta. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.

superciliosa. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol III.

relicta. Newman Ent. Mag. Habitat in Pennsylvania, et,

ad Novum Aurelianum. Variat interstitio altero

tripunctato.

§7. Thorace lateribus valde rotundatis, postice retractis, leviter

sinuatis, angulis posticis in (1) rectis, in (2) obtusis, basi le-

viter emarginato, utrinque unistriato; elytris apice sinuato

rotundatis, striis externis fere obsoletis, stria abbreviata fere

nulla, inter Jmam et 2udam sita; interstitio 3io unipunctato.

Habitus elongatiusculus.

1. unicolor. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. Habitat

in Georgia ad montes, a Dom. Ludovico LeConte

lecta.

2. * Brevoorti. Subconvera, nigra nitida, thorace postice

valde retracto; angulis obtusis leviter rotundatis, bast

breviter, profundeque impresso ; elytris profunde stri-

atis, striis leviter punctatis, externis minus impressis.

Long. °63, lat. -23. Habitat in Alabama: a Dom.

Haldeman amice data.

In honore Jac. C. Brevoort, viri non solum liberalitate sum-

ma, humanitateque lepida, sed etiam ingenio acuto, doctrinaque

accurata; entomologiw necnon cultoris seduli,

Habitus subconvexus, Steropi fere cujusdam, nigra, nitida.

Caput impressionibusfrontalibus linearibus, valde obliquis, rectis,

profundis, linea transversa tenui, distincta. Torax antice capite

plus duplo latior, postice non latior, antice leviter emarginatus,

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 353

lateribus valde rotundatis, postice obsolete sinuatis, angulis pos-

ticis obtusis, apice paulo rotundatis ; transverse leviter rugosus ; :

impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea longitudinali profun-

da, utrinque paulo abbreviata; basalibus oblongis parvis profun-

dis. lytra thorace non latiora, subovalia, latitudine sesqui lon-

giora, apice profunde sinuato-rotundata, profunde striata, striis

obsolete punctatis, externis minus impressis, 7™a et Sva fere ob-

literatis ; interstitiis leviter convexis.

Variat impressionibus thoracig transversis satis distinctis.

§ 8. Thorace rotundato-quadrato, lateribus rotundatis, postice re-

tractis, angulis obtusis, valde rotundatis basi emarginato,

utrinque breviter unistriato; elytris oblongis, apice rotun-

datis, leviter sinuatis, profuude striatis, striis externis oblite-

ratis ; stria abbreviata punctiformi, inter lmam et 2udam sita,

interstitio 310 tripunctato.

obscura. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. Habitat

NovEboraci rarissiime.

STEROPUS. Meg.

Antenne breviuscule, articulo 310 sequentibus paulo longiore ;

2ndo duplo fere breviore : mentum dente lato, breviusculo, apice

non impresso, late sed acute emarginato : palpi articulo ultimo

levissime triangulari, apice valde truncato. ‘Thorax postice

valde angustatus, subrotundatus, angulis posticis obtusissimis,

rotundatis, basi emarginato, utrinque foveolato ; elytra ovalia

thorace paulo latiora, apice valde rotundata leviter sinuata;

stria rudimentali punctiformi, inter 1mam et 2udam sita; intersti-

tio 3° unipunctato.

faber. Germ. Ins. Nova (Molops.)

tenebricosus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Feronia.)

Sp oliatus. Newman. Ent. Mag. (Feronia.) WHabitat in

provinciis australibus.

354 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera

BROSCUS? Panzer.

CEPHALOTES? Bonelli.

Antenne breviuscule submoniliformes, leviter compressee ;

articulo 4to leviter clavato, quam tertio paulo breviore, sequenti-

bus equante; palpi crassiusculi, articulo ultimo leviter ovali,

apice minus subito truncato, leviter rotundato ; labiales articulo

ultimo levissime triangulari. Mentum dente longo, obtuso, non

emarginato, apice profunde impresso, Thorax et elytra fere

sicut in Steropo. Habitus Sgeropo convexior, capite majusculo,

latitudine thoracem fere equante. A Broscis Europeis differt,

habitu minore et latiore, mandibulis paulo minus elongatis.

1. obsoletus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. Il. Habitat

in Alabama, a Dom. Haldeman amice datus: thorace

lytris paulo angustiore, impressione anteriore nulla

scitur: striisque elytrorum punctatis, profundi-

oribus.

2. *approx imatus. Piceus nitidus, thorace elytris non an-

gustiore, linea antica transversa profunda, margint

valde approximata, linea longitudinali tenui vix dis-

tincta, impressione transversa posteriore distincta ;

elytris striato-punctatis, striis externis obliteratis,

punctoque impresso ; abdomine pedibusque rufo-piceis.

Lone. *4, lat. -15. Habitat in Pennsylvania rarius, a

Dom. Melsheimer benevole datus.

Precedente robustior, et notis thoracicis facile dignoscendus.

3. *laevi penn is. Angustiusculus, nigro-piceus, nitidissimus.

thorace transversim leviter rugoso, antice posticeque

transverse impresso, linea longitudinali satis profun-

da; elytris vix striatis, fere levissimis, puncto unico

magno impresso ; abdomine pedibusque rufo-piceis.

Long. °35, lat. *13. Habitat in Georgia, a Dom.

Ludovico LeConte lectus.

Precedente angustior, thorace postice magis retracto, elytris

non angustiore ; elytris magis elongatis, postice leyiter attenua-

tis obsoletissimis.

Geo N Lawrence del.

> .

Annals Lyre Vat. Mist. Vol. V-

SL, Livlonte dd ‘ Lith. of 6 é W Endicott NYork

Annals Lye Nat. Hist. Vol.

Fig. 13.

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JLLe Conte dell

PLATE XIV.

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Tue Corresponding Members of the Lyceum or NaturAu

History are respectfully requested to forward communications on

any subjects connected with the Natural Sciences, to the Secretary

of the Society. Chemical Examinations of Animal, Vegetable and

Mineral substances, will be acceptable, as well as Descriptions and

Accounts of any new objects, in the three Kingdoms of Nature.

As the publication of the ANNALs has now been resumed, with

a prospect of continuance, it is hoped that every one connected

with the Lyceum will exert himself, that no delay may take place -

in their appearance at reasonable intervals. Donations to the

Museum, of Shells, Fossils, Minerals, and such Animals as are

best preserved in spirits, are solicited.

t «sil

Vol. IV. APRIL, 1847. Nos. 8, 9.

ANNALS

‘

)

OF THE 3

——

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

SSS SS SS

oe A rn ee See ee meee

Se I SS

New-Vork:

PUBLISHED FOR THE LYCEUM,

BY STANFORD AND SWORDS,

No. 139 BROADWAY.

1847.

i OLAS GO ORE GAG LR IER GEER EAR IEG

a See ee eee

( eS See

PAO wilt eA

wk ie

: tp bv 7

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Shei Bren dee Re i<

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 355

4.morio. Dej. Sp. Gen. Ab omnibus precedentibus differt

impressione transversa thoracis anteriore valde pro-

funda, margini non approximata, medio obtuse angu-

lata; linea longitudinali tenuissima; elytris apice

leviter attenuatis, nunc leovideMhis, nunc obsolete

striatu-punctatis ; puncto magnoimpresso. Habitus

robustior. Habitat in Georgia rarius.

MYAS. Ziegler.

1.coraci jus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. (Fe-

~ pnia.)

cyanescens. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis

mediis ; foemina mari paulo convexior, et latior.

2.*foveatus. Niger, obscure violaceus; thorace marginibus

non depressis, basi utrinque profunde bifoveato, fovers

coéuntibus, elytris profunde striatis, striis levibus.

Long. °63, lat. °24. Habitat NovEboraci rarissime ;

amicitie Dom. Ed. Willcox debitus.

Precedente paulo angustior et convexior; niger nitidus, elytris

obsolete violaceo-micantibus. Caput impressionibus valde pro-

fundis, oculis parvis, valde exstantibus. Thorax capite cum

oculis duplo latior, antice vix emarginatus, angulis anticis

deflexis, vix conspicuis, lateribus modice rotundatus, postice

levissime retractus, basi leviter emarginato, angulis posticis fere

rectis, non rotundatis ; disco convexiusculus, tenuissime margina-

tus, margine nullo depresso: impressionibus transversis nullis,

linea longitudinali postice abbreviata profunda; basalibus

utrinque duabus, valde profundis, foveoliformibus, coéuntibus,

obsolete rugosis; interiore longiore, stria postice abbreviata,

cum linea transversali brevi interne tendente angulum rectum

formante. Elytra thorace non latiora, parallela, apice rotundata,

leviter sinuata; modice convexa, profunde striata, striis levis-

simis, striaque abbreviata inter 1™2™ et 2ndam distincta.

A M. coracino thorace ad latera non depresso, impressionibus

356 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

basalibus magis profundis, coéuntibus, stria interna abbreviata,

posticeque angulata; necnon forma angustiore, striisque impune-

tatis valde distinctus.

. STOMIS. Clairville.

l. americanus. Laporte, Etudes Ent.

pusillus. Harris Cat. (Platynus.)

Elongatus, piceus, nitidus, pubescens : capite thora-

ceque nigris, hoc elongato-cordato, angulis posticis

rectis, divergentibus ; elytris profunde striatis, strus

obsolete punctatis. Long. *25, lat. -08.. Habitat in

provincia Vermont : a Dom. Harris benevole datus.

Habitus fere Stomis pumicati Europe. Elongatus, nitidus,

pubescens. Caput magnum, antice acutum, pone oculos sensim

retractum, transverseque constrictum, nigrum, lve ; im pressio-

nibus frontalibus longis, profundisque. Antenne, palpique rufi.

Thorax capite non latior, latitudine sesqui longior, cordatus,

postice retractus, antice posticeque truncatus, angulis anticis

valde rotundatis, posticis rectis subdivergentibus ; niger, disco

convexus, tenuissime marginatus, antice posticeque sparse punc-

tatus; impressionibus transversis indistinctis, posteriore profun-

diore, linea longitudinali integra, basalibus linearibus prelongis,

extrorsum leviter curvatis. E/ytra thoracis basi duplo latiora,

postice rotundata, non sinuata, rufo-picea ; profunde striata,

striis obsolete punctatis, interstitiis valde convexis. Sudbtus

piceus, postpectus grosse sparse punctatum. Pedes rufi.

ISOPLEURUS. Kirby.

Ad hoc genus insecta tria retuli, que a Bradyto differunt,

palpis labialibus apice fere acutis, maxillaribus quam in Bradyto

minus truncatis: mentum medio dentatum est, dente parvo,

brevi, integro. Omnino cum descriptione Kirbyana congruunt.

Cum Isopleuro nitido (K.) descripta est (I*. B, A. Vol. IV, p.

50.) species secunda (I. MacLeayi) que plane ad genus Seleno-

phorum (Dej.) pertinet. Nam mentum edentatum est, elytra

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 357

versus marginem pubescentia, seriebusque tribus punctorum

impressa: characteres qui in Selenophoro solo inveniuntur.

In specimina omnia mea tibiz antice calcaribus duobus termi-

nalibus instructe sunt ; quorum unum parvum est, altero duplo

brevius. In Bradyto spina hec secunda rudimentalis est, et

vix conspicua.

In @ articuli tarsorum anticorum tres dilatati sunt: a lati:

tudine paulo longior, triangularis, antice leviter emarginatus :

Qndus, Ziusque, Jongitudine paulo latiores, triangulares, angulo

exteriore rotundati, interiore oblique emarginati, antice parum

emarginati; subtus papillis biseriati. Generi Acorio (Zimm.)

affinis videtur ; differt tamen antennarum articulo 3!° reliquis vix

longiore, mentique dente simplice.

h yperboreus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Amara.)

Oblongo-ovatus, nigro-piceus, thorace sub-quadrato,

lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis obtusis nin rotun-

datis, basi utrinque biimpresso, sparseque punctato :

elytris striatis, striis subtiliter punctatis; antennis,

palpis, pedibusque obscure ferrugineis. Long.-4, lat.

‘17. Specimen unicum ad Long’s Peak inventum.

Nigro-piceus nitidus. Caput valde obtusum, oculis prominulis,

punctis duobus ad oculorum marginem ; impressionibus fronta-

libus brevibus, profundis; sutura clypeo-frontali tenui. Lahbrum

breve, leviter emarginatum; clypeus obtuse emarginatus, An-

tenne, palpique ferruginei. T'horax capite sesqui latior, latitu-

dine fere duplo brevior, subquadratus, antice leviter emarginatus

angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus zqualiter rotundatus, basi

truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis; disco leviter

convexus, tenuiter marginatus ; impressionibus transversis parum

distinctis, linea longitudinali utrinque abbreviata, basalibus gem-

inis, brevibus, punctatis, exteriore profundiore; carina externa

valde obtusa. /ytra thorace non latiora, convexiuscula, apice

leviter sinuata; striata, striis subtiliter punctatis, magis ad basin ;

stria rudimentali longa: interstitiis parum convexis; seria puncto-

rum submarginali medio late interrupta. Pedes obscure-ferruginei.

358 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Curtonotus latior (Kirby, F. B. A.) esse videretur, nisi mentum

recte visum unidentatum abhorruit.

2.*septentr ionalis. Nigro-piceus, obscure eneus, niti-

dus: tharace quadrato, lateribus modice votundato,

angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis ; bast biimpres-

so, sparseque punctato, elytris striatis, striis obsolete

punctatis, postice leavibus; antennis, palpis, pedi-

busque ferrugineis. Long. *3, lat. -13. Habitat ad

Lacum Superiorem.

Oblongo-ovatus, nigro-piceus, nitidus, elytris obscure eneis.

Caput obtusum, leve ; impressionibus frontalibus, brevibus pro-

fundis, sutura transversa tenui; punctis duobus ad oculorum

marginem : labrum antice subemarginatum. Antenne palpique

ferruginei. Thorax capite latior, latitudine vix sesqui brevior,

subquadratus, apice emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, late-

ribus modice rotundatus, basi truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis,

_ non rotundatis ; disco minus convexus, tenuiter marginatus ;

. impressionibus transversis nullis, linea longitudinali integra,

basalibus geminis, brevibus, sparse punctatis, exteriore profun-

diore, carivua externa obtusa brevi. E/lytra thorace non latiora,

apice vix sinuata, striata, striis versus basin obsolete punctat's,

rudimentali longa: iuterstitiis fere planis; serie punctorum

submarginali late interrupta. Abdomen rufo-piceum, pedes ob-

scure-ferruginei.

3. *terrestris. Ovalis, convexus, piceus, nitidus, interdum

subeneus: thorace quadrato, antice subangustato,

lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis leviter explanatis ;

basi biimpresso, sparse punctato: elytris striatis,

interstitiis fere planis; antennis palpis pedibusque

rufis. Long. ‘28, lat.°13. Habitat ad Fort Laramie,

fluminis Platte.

Amare chalcee (Dej.) simillimus, at thoracis marginibus expla-

natis facile distinguendus. Ab Isopleuro nitido (Kirby) striis

elytralibus impunctatis differe videtur : sed descriptio nimis con-

cisa determinationem rectam vetat.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleontera. 359

Piceus nitidus, nonnunquam subeneus. Caput leve, impres-

sionibus frontalibus brevibus, suturaque transversa profundis.

Palpi vufi: antenne rufe, versus apicem obscurate. Thorax

capite duplo latior, latitudine plus sesqui brevior, quadratus,

antice subangustatus, paulo emarginatus, angulis anticis deflexis,

subacutis, lateribus rotundatus, basi fere recte truncatus, angulis

posticis rectis: disco paulo convexus, margine versus angulos

posticos subexplanato: impressionibus transversis indistinctis,

posteriore profundiore, liuea longitudinali integra, basalibus

geminis brevibus, confluentibus, exteriore paulo longiore, sparse

minus subtiliter punctatis. E/ytra apice vix sinuata, striata,

interstitiis planis, stria rudimeutali longa; serie submarginali

punctorum medio vix interrupta; epipleure rufe. Swbtus

piceus, pedibus rufis.

PERCOSIA. Zimmerman.

1. obesa. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S. (Feronia.)

patricia. teste Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis

mediis et borealibus, sat frequens: elytris in ¢ minus

profunde striatis.

2.*diffinis. Evliptica, convera, nigra nitida, thorace quad-

rato, latitudine duplo breviore. lateribus rotundato,

basi punc'ato; elytris thorace non latioribus, pro-

Sunde striato-punctatis ; antennis vbscuris, basi, pal-

pis, pedihusque ferrugineis. Loug, +38, lat. °185,

Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

Precedente angustior, et minus obesa, elytris postice non

dilatatis.

Elliptica, convexa, migra, pernitida. Caput leve, punctis 2

solitis ad oculorum marginem; impressionibus frontalibus bre-

vibus, rectis. slntenne obscure, basi rufee ; palpe rufi, oculi vix

prominuli. Thorax capite plus duplo latior, latitudine duplo

brevior, apice emarginatus, antice angustatus, angulis anticis

valde deflexis, rotundatis, lateribus rotundatus, basi truncatus,

360 Catalogue of the Geodpehagous Coleoptera.

a angulis posticis rectis : disco convexus, basi depressus, puncta-

-. tusque, margine versus angulos posticos levissime explanato ;

impressione transversa anteriore parum distincta, posteriore

recta, profunda, linea longitudinali integra, basalibus profundis,

cum impressione transversa confusis, elevatione parva inter

impressionem et marginem lateralem. Elytra parallela, thorace

_non latiora, apice paulo sinuata, profunde striato-punctata, inter-

stitiis parum convexis, stria rudimentali longa. Pedes obscure

ferruginei.

CELIA. Zim.

1. ine qualis. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol.IV. Habitat ad Lacum

Superiorem minus frequens. Exacte cum A. inter-

stitali (Dej. Sp. Gen.) quadrat, sed interstitia elytralia

inzequalia non meminit Ill. Com. Dejean. In speci-

minibus meis, interstitium 3ium 5tum et 7mum paulo

elevata sunt.

2. splend ida. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. Elytra sicut

in precedeute inequalia sunt, sed interstitiis alter-

natim minus elevatis. Habitat in provinciis mediis

minus frequens.

aurichalcea.

&. aureo-viridis.

y. aureo-coerulea. In Mus. Dom. Melsheimer.

- dies 2 ibba. Obesa, convera; nigro-enea nitida, thorace antice

vix angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis

obtusis non rotundatis ; impressionibus basalibus dua-

bus, punctatis ; elytris tenuiter striatis, interstitus

planis ; antennis palpis, tibtis tarsisque rufis. Long.

-3, lat.°15. Specimen unicum ad Lacum Superiorem

invent.

Obesa, convexa, Percosiam fere simulans : nigro-enea nitida,

Caput obtusum, leve, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus. An-

tenne, palpique rufi; oculi prominuli, Thorax capite duplo

latior, Jatitudine plus sesqui brevior, apice vix emarginatus,

Catalogue of the Geodophagous Coleoptera. 361 |

antice parum angustatus, angulis anticis deflexis ; lateribus

rotundatus, basi recte truncatus, angulis posticis leviter obtusis

non rotundatis ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, posteriore

profundiore, recta; linea longitudinali integra; basalibus utrinque

duabus, brevabus, triangularibus, punctatis. E/ytra striata, striis

postice non profundioribus ; rudimentali longa; interstitiis

planis. Svbtus nigra nitida, tibiis tarsisque saturate rufis.

Genus hocce ab Amara tibiis posticis ¢ intus simplicibus

differt.

AMARA. Lat.

§ 1. Antennz articulis duobus ferrugineis.

.punctulata. Dej. Sp. Gen.

littoralis. Esch. Specimen unicum ad Rocky Moun-

tains inventum, omnino congruit cum altero ab

Ill. Dom. Klug misso, et a Dom. Willcox amice

dato.

.*confusa. Elliptica, subconvexa, enea nitida, thorace an-

tice angustato, lateribus parum rotundato, impressto-

nibus omnibus fere obsoletis; elytris striatis, interstitiis

fere planis ; antennarum articulis 2 rufis, palpis

pedibusque nigris. Long. *32, lat.°155. Habitat ad

Rocky Mountains.

Ad speciem hanc referenda est A. vulgaris, (Kirby, F. B.A.

Vol. IV.;) articulus 2244s antennarum colore variat et interdum

obscure rufus, fere piceus videtur. A. patruelis (Dej. Sp. Gen.)

esse videretur, nisi thorax basi impunctatus abhorruit.

Habitus fere A. impuncticollis (Say.) at paulo convexior.

Enea vel nigro-enea, nitida. Caput autice subacutum, leve!

oculis majusculis ; impressionibus frontalibus fere nullis. Palpi

nigri. Antenne nigro-picee, articulis 2 rufis. Thorax capite

duplo latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior, apice emarginatus,

angulis anticis deflexis, acutis, antice angustatus, lateribus paulo

rotundatus, basi fere recte truncatus, angulis posticis acutius-

culis ; impressionibus transversis parum distinctis, linea longitu-

362 Catalogue of the Gendephagous Coleoptera.

divali tenuissima ; basalibus duabus, obsoletis, exteriore obliqua

paulo evidentiore. E/ytra apice parum sinuata, striata, striis

postice paulo prefundioribus, interstitiis vix convexis, fere planis,

stria rudimentali longa. Subtus nigro-znea, pedibus nigris.

§ 2. Antenne articulis 3 rufis. .

3. impuncticollis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S.

trivialis. teste Dej. Sp.Gen. Abundat ubique.

4.communis. Fabr. teste De}. Sp. Gen. Habitat cum priore.

Precedente paulo convexior; thorace paulo minus lateribus

rotundato, angulis posticis minus acutis, impressionibus basalibus

magis indistinctis, palpis basi ferrugineis, tibiis tarsisque magis

brunneis egre dignoscendus.,

5. *difficilis. Nigra, vix anea, thorace antice angustato,

laterihus modive rotundato, angulis posticis . rectis,

margine non explanato, impressionibus basalibus viz

distinctis ; elytris tenuiter striatis, interstitiis planis ;

pedibus, palpisque apice nigro-piceis. Long. *34,

lat. 16. Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi.

Precedentes duas valde refert, at paulo convexior, et thoracis

margine non explanato distineta videtur.

Nigra, vix enea. Caput leve. Antenne rufo-obscure, art,

3 basalibus pallidioribus, pa/pi ferruginei, articulo ultimo nigro-

piceo. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior,

apice profunde emarginatus, angulis anticis deflexis acutis,

antice angustatus, lateribus paulo rotundatus, basi fere recte

truncatus, angulis posticis rectis: disco parum convexus, mar-

give von explanato; impressionibus trausversis vix distinctis,

linea longitudinai utrinque abbreviata, basalibus valde indis-

tinctis, exteriore omnino obliterata. /ytra_ postice paulo sinu-

ata, tenuiter striata, striis postice profundioribus, interstitiis

omnino planis, stria rudimentali vix distiucta. Pedes nigro

picei.

6. *fallax. A2nea subnitida ; thorace antice angustato, impres-

sione transversa anteriore arcuata, lateribus paulo

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 363

rotundato, margine non exrplanato, impressionibus

basalibus valde vbsoletis ; elytris tenue-striatis, striis

postice vix profundioribus, interstitiis omnino planis,

palpis pedibusque nigro-piceis, tibuis tarsisque brun-

neis. Long. °31, lat. +15. Specimen unicum ad

Lacum Superiorem inventum.

A. impuncticollem valde retert, at paulo angustior, et thorace

longiore differre videtur.

ASnea subnitida, Caput obsolete rugulosum, impressionibus

frontalibus parvis. Pa/pi toti picei. Antenne obscure, articulis

3 rufo-testaceis. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui

brevior, antice angustatus, apice profunde emarginatus, angulis

anticis acutis, lateribus modice rotundatis, basi fere recte trun-

catus, angulis posticis subacutis; disco parum convexus, trans-

verse leviter rugosus, antice obsolete striatus, versus angulos

anticos irregulariter subrugosus, margive non explanato :. im-

pressionibus transversis indisiiuctis, anteriore arcuata, linea

longitudinali tenuissima integra, basalibus indistinctis, exteriore

omnino obliterata. /yfra apice paulo sinuata, tenuiter striata,

striis postice vix profundioribus, iuterstitiis omnino_planis, stria

rudimentali brevi, distincta: serie punctorum submarginali

medio non interrupta. Pedes nigri, tibiis tarsisque brunneo-

piceis.

Ons.—In specimine meo stria elytrorum 3/4 et 4t@ ad quad-

rantem ab apice confluunt: nescio an nota specifica sit, an

varietas fortuita.

7. * convexa. Ovalis, c nvera, cupreo-enea nitida, capite tho-

raceque nigro-aneis, hoc antice parum angustato,

basi bifoveolato, foveis punctiformibus ; elytris striatis,

striis postice vix profundioribus, interstitiis planis,

antennarum basi testaceo, tibiis tarsisque brunneo-

piceis. Long. °28, lat. *13. Specimen unicum ad

Lacum Superiorem inveni.

Precedentibus multo convexior, cupreo-zenea, nitida, capite

theraceque nigro-eneis. Caput rotundatum leve, impressio-

—.

364 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

nibus frontalibus obliquis, brevibus; ocwi prominuli: palpi

picei, antenne obscure, articulis 3 testaceis. Thorax capite

duplo latior, latitudine duplo brevior, apice parum emarginatus,

antice leviter angustatus, angulis anticis valde obtusis, deflexis,

luteribus rotundatus, basi truncatus, angulis posticis rectis; im-

pressione transversa anteriore nulla, posteriore recta, non pro-

funda, linea longitudinali tenui integra, basalibus duabus, parvis,

ipteriore brevi, recta, exteriore obliqua, punctiformi, prope

augulum sita. E/ytra thorace non latiora, postice leviter angus-

tata, apice paulo sinuata, tenuiler striata, striis postice vix

profundioribus, rudimentali obliqua distincta ; interstitiis planis ;

serie punctorum submarginali medio non interrupta. Sudtus

nigro-enea ; tibiis tarsisque piceis.

or * po lita. Elliptica, subdepressa. anea, pernitida, thorace

antice angustato emarginatoque, basi utringue biim-

presso, elytris striatis, striis postice vix profundioribus,

interstitiis planis; antennarum palporumque basi

rufo; epipleuris, tibiis tarsisque brunneis. wong.

25, lat. 155. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

Habitus omnino A. communis, at thoracis marginibus minime

explanatis, impressionibusque basalibus duabus facile distinctus ;

thorace quoque ad latera magis rotundato, afgulis anticis minus

acutis.

Enea pernitida; caput leve, impressionibus frontalibus bre-

vibus ; oculis prominulis. Antenne obscure, articulis 3 pallidis ;

palpi picei, basi ferruginei. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitu-

dine duplo brevior, antice angustatus, apice paulo emarginatus,

angulis anticis deflexis, rotundatis, lateribus modice rotundatus,

basi fere recte truncatus, angulis posticis subrectis ; disco leviter

convexus; impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea longitudi-

nali tenui integra, basalibus duabus distinctis; interiore recta

brevi, exteriore obliqua, ad angulum posteriorem tendente,

oblonga, fossuliformi. Elytra apice sinuata, tenuiter striata,

striis postice vix profundioribus ; rudimentali recta ; interstitiis

planis; serie punctorum submarginali medio subinterrupta :

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 365

epipleure brunneew. Subtus nigro-subenea, tibiis tarsisque

brunneis.

Variat striis elytrorum obsolete punctatis, thorace basi non-

nunguam striato, pedibusque concoloribus nigro-piceis.

9. basillaris. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S.

(Feronia.)

Habitat in provinciis australibus minus frequens.

10. lucidula. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Amara.)

basalis. Harris. N. E. Farmer. In Massachusetts in-

venta, a Dom. Harris amice data.

ll. chalcea. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis

et australibus. ;

TRLENA.t nov. gen.

Ab Amara differt menti dente lato, brevissimo, apice obtuso,

vix impressso; palpis labialibus articulo ultimo cylindrico, vix

ovali, apice valde truncato, compressoque ; tibiisque anticis cal-

care trifidu terminatis, lobis acutis : in speciebus subtus descriptis,

stria septima ad apicem punctis notata est sicut in Anisodactylis

§ 3 (Tricentro;) quocum calcar trifidum, mentumque vix den-

tatum affinitatem indicant. Ad hoc genus forte A. tricuspidatum

(Sturm) Europe pertinet.

l.angustata. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S.

(Amara.) Habitat ubique.

2. indistincta. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. (Amara.)

Habitat ubique.

Precedente simillima, at forma latiore, elytrisque minus pro-

funde striatis satis distincta. Variat impressionibus basalibus

thoracis obsolete punctatis.

3. *depressa. Oblonga depressa, subenea, thorace quadrato,

i ce lk Ew ee SS Es Se 8

t rgiasa, tridens.

366 Catalogue of the Geodephagous C oleoptera.

antice subangustato, vix emarginato, lateribus modice

rotundato ; impressionibus baxalibus utrinque duabus,

viridi-micantibus, punctatis ; e'ytris striatis, intersti-

tiis fere planis ; antennarum basi pedibusque rufis,

palpis pices. Long. *3, lat.*12. Specimen unicum

ad Lacum Superiorem inventum.

Oblonga depressa, habitus fere Harpali cujusdam. Nigro-

piceus, subviridis. Caput leve,impressionibus frontalibus bre-

vibus; oculis prominulis; pa/pi picei. Antenne obscure,

articulis 3. 4¢que basi rufis. Thorax capite duplo latior, Jati-

tudine sesqui brevior, quadratus, antice subangustatus, apice vix

emarginatus, lateribus usque ad medium rotundatis, dein fere

rectus, basi bisinuatus, angulis posticis rectis ; disco leviter rugo-

sus ; impressiouibus transversis non profundis, anteriore angulata,

basalibus geminis, viridi-micantibus obsolete punctatis, exteriore

minore. E/ytra parallela, apice paulo sinuata, striata, intersti-

tiis fere planis; stria rudimentali distincta 7™ apice 5-punctata ;

serie punctorum submargivali medio interrupta ; epipleure rufo-

ener. Subtus nigra, pedes saturate rufi.

ACRODON. Zim.

l.rubrica. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I. (Amara.) Ha-

bitat in provinciis mediis minus frequens.

2,musculis. (musculus?) Say. Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc, Vol. IL. N. S.: Dej. Sp. Gen.

Nigro-picea, vel rufa; subenca nitida; tho-

race antice subangustato, lateribus paulo rotundato,

impressionibus basalibus parvis, plus minusve distine-

tis, nonnunquam punctatis ; elytris profunde striato-

punctatis, striis externis levioribus ; antennis, palpis,

pedibusque rufis. Long. *22, lat. *L0. Habitat in

provinciis australibus et ad Rocky Mountains.

Species admodum varians, sequeuti simillima; at thorace

breviore, lateribus minus rotundato ; elytrisque apice vix sinuatis

sed rotundatis egre cognoscenda,

Catalogue of the Geodephagvus Coleoptera. 367

3.*contem pta. Nigro-picea, nitida ; thorace antice sub-

angustato, lateribus rotundato, impressionibus basa-

libus parvis, punctatis; elytris profunde striato-

punctatis, striis externis levioribus ; stria rudimentalt

distincta: antennis palpis, pedibusque rufis. Long.

22, lat. ‘10. Habitat NovyEboraci, et ad Rocky

Mountains.

Elliptica, subconvexa, nigro-picea, nitida. Caput leve;

impressionibus frontalibus yix distinctis, oculis subprominulis.

Palpi rufi: antenne rufe, versus apicem paulo obscurate.

Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior

antice subangustatus, apice parum emarginatus, angulis anticis

rotundatis, lateribus rotundatus, basi truncatus, angulis posticis

rectis, vel leviter obtusis : disco leviter convexus ; impressionibus

transversis parum distinctis, basalibus duabus, subprofundis,

exteriore minore, sparse .punctatis. E/ytra apice paulo sinuata,

profunde striato-punctata, striis externis levioribus rudimentali

distincta : interstitiis leviter convexis; serie punctorum submar-

ginali medio vix interrupta. Swhtus picea, abdomen rufo-

piceum, pedes rufi.

BRADYTUS. Stephens.

l.exaratus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Amara.)

brevilabris. Kirby (Curtonotus) F.B. A. Habitat

in provinciis mediis, sat frequens. C. brevilabrem

(Kirby) ad hanc speciem, propter labrum transver-

sum, breve, subemarginatum, retuli: sed descriptio

Kirbyana nimis concisa est pro diagnosi certa.

2,.furtivus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. N. S.

(Amara.) Habitat in provinciis occidentalibus.

3. avidus. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Vol. III. (Zabrus.)

confinis. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Amara.) Abundat in pro-

yinciis mediis. Variat subtus pallide castaneus.

368 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

CURTONOTUS. Stephens.

1. *Jaticollis. Subelongatus, nigro-piceus, subeneus, niti-

dus, thorace cordato, postice coarctato, punctato,

utringue bistriato, carina externa valde distincta }

elytris parallelis, striato-punctatis ; antennarum basi,

palpis, pedibusque obscure ferrugineis. Long. *55,

lat. °22. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

Ad hance speciem referendus est C. convexiusculus (Kirby,

Faun. Bor. Am.); a convexiusculo Europzo, differt thorace ad

latera magis rotundato, antice punctato, impressioneque trans-

versa anteriore profundiuscula.

Nigro-piceus, subeeneus. Caput leve, impressionibus fronta-

libus parvis, non profundis, sutura frontali distincta; labrum

latitudine sesqui brevius, autice subemarginatum. Antenne ob-

scure, basi, cum palpis rufo-ferruginee. Thorax capite sesqui

latior, latitudine duplo brevior, subcordatus, antice parum emar-

ginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus valde rotundatus,

prope basin coarctatus, breviter sinuatis ; basi levissime emar-

ginato, angulis posticis acutis prominulis; disco subconvexus,

antice punctatus ; basi toto pone impressionem transversum de-

presso, punctatoque, densius ad latera: impressione transversa

anteriore, arcuata, profunda, posteriore medio angulata, linea

longitudinali antice abbreviata, profunda, basalibus geminis,

brevibus, interiore paulo profundiore; carina basali elevata,

recta, valde distincta. E/ytra thoracem yix latitudine equantia,

elongata, parallela, apice Jeviter sinuata, profunde striato-punc-

tata, stria rudimentali longa; serie punctorum submarginali

medio valde interrupta. Subtus piceus; pedes obscure ferru-

ginei.

2 *carinatus. Subelongatus, nigro-piceus, nitidus ; tho-

race quadrato, postice angustato, non coarctato ; antice

posticeque punctato; basi utrinque bistriato, carina

externa valde distincta; elytris parallelis, striato-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 369

punctatis ; antennis, palpis, pedibusque obscure ferru-

gineis. Long. *46, lat. :17. Cum priore inventus.

Habitus fere C. torridi (Uliger) Europe. Subelongatus, nigro-

piceus, nitidus. Caput minus obtusum, leve, impressionibus.

frontalibus brevibus, profundis, sutura frontali distincta ; /abrum

latitudine sesqui breyius, antice non emarginatum. Antenne,

palpique obscure ferruginei. Thorax capite non sesqui latior,

latitudine sesqui brevior, quadratus, postice paulo angustatus,

apice parum emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus

antice modice rotundatis, postice brevissime, vix conspicue sinu-

atis, basi truncatus, angulis posticis rectis, minime rotundatis;

disco paulo convexus, antice posticeque punctatus ; impressioni-

bus transyersis profundis, posteriore angulata, linea longitudinali

antice abbreviata; basalibus geminis, punctatis, interiore indis-

tincta, cum exteriore profunda conflueute; carina basali recta,

elevata, valde distincta. Elytra parallela, apice distincte sinuata,

profunde striato-punctata, stria rudimentali longa; serie puncto-

rum submarginali medio valde interrupta. Swbtus piceus ; pedes

rufo-picei, vel obscure ferruginei.

—_——

SPECIES SEQUENTES MINI IGNOTE.

Pa trobus an g icollis Randall. Bost. Journ. Nat.

Hist. Vol. II. Habitat in provincia

Maine.

Anchomenus cincticollis. Say. Trans. Am.

Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. (Species dubia.)

Agonum anchomenoides. Randall. loc, cit.

sup. Habitat in Maine.

albicrus. Dej.Sp.Gen. :

maculifrons. Say. Jour. Ac. Nat. Se.

Vol. II. (Feronia.) Habitat in

Terr. Miss.

simile. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV.

370 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

affine. Kuby, ibid.

foveicolle. Chaudoir Bull. de Soc. Imp.

de Moscou (a leno vix distinctum.)

scutellare. Say.Journ. Ac. Nat.Sc. Vol.

III. (Feronia.) (Species vix deter-

minanda, a specimine egro descrip-

ta; verisimiliter moerens Dej.)

Olisthopus cinctus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc. Vol. IV. Habitat in provinciis

occidentalibus.

Poecilus atratus. Newman Ent. Mag. Vol. V.

micans. Chaud. loc. cit. sup. (Species

dubia, a chalcite temere separata.)

fraternus. Say. Long’s Exp. to St. Pe-

ter’s Riv. Vol. I. (Ob descriptionem

nimis concisam non agnoscendus.)

Stereocerus similis. Kirby, F. B.A.

?rostratus. Newman, (Feronia) Ent.

Mag. Vol. V.

Argutor mandibularis. Kirby,F. B.A.

brevicornis. Kirby, ibid.

honestus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

Vol. Il. (Feronia.)

saphyrinus. Chand. loc. cit.sup. Ha-

bitat in Louisiana.

Feronia fallax. Dej. Sp. Gen.

ebenina,. Dej. Sp. Gen.

punctatissima. Rand. loc. cit. Ha-

bitat in Maine.

monedula. Newman loc. cit.

moerens. Newman ibid.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 371

P ici pes. Newman, ibid.

h ypo Jathus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.

Vol. II.

Ster opus ventralis. Say.ibid. Habitat in Terri-

torio Missouriensi.

Amara anthracina. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc.

Vol. I. Habitat in Pennsylvania.

levipennis. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV.

discors. Kirby, ibid.

pallipes. Kirby, ibid.

Curtonotus rufimanus. Kirby, ibid.

latior. Kirby, ibid.

Divisio 2.—Harpalde.—Westwood.

Quad:imani.—Lat.

Harpaliens. —De}.

Subdiv. I.—Daptini.

Acinopide.—Hope.

Corevs antice non angustatum.

Capur postice minime retractum.

Paupr articulo ultimo ovali apice truncato.

Tarst ¢ non dilatati, vel perparum dilatati.

EURYDERUS. LeConte.

1.zabroides. LeConte, Annals of the Lyceum. Vol. IV.

Habitat ad Rocky Mountains frequens.

GEOPINUS.* nov. gen.

Corpus crassum, convexum, subelongatum, apterum.

Capur magnum, subquadratum, subconvexum, postice non an-

* ys0retyos—terram laburans, quasi fodiens.

372 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

gustatum, impressione brevi frontali utrinque inter

oculos; sutura cranio-clypeali distincta.

Manpisut valide, subelongate, incurvate, obtuse; dextra

dente mediali acuto.

Maxi.ux apice valde acute, incurvateque, intus dense ciliate.

Lapvrum subquadratum, latitudine non brevius, antice emargina-

tum, angulis anticis valde rotundatis.

Mentum magnum, longitudine triplo latius, modice concavum

emarginatum, edentatum.

Licuxa lata, apice levissime emarginata, angulis anticis acutis

divergentibus, paraglossis angustis concavis, incur-

vatis, apice vix rotundatis, ligula paulo brevioribus.

Parr labiales articulo penultimo reliquis tenuiore, ultimo sesqui

fere longiore; ultimo apice truncato: mazillares,

articulo antepenultimo paulo longiore; penultimo

Jeviter obconico, ultimo breviore, leviter ovali, apice

truncato.

maxillares interni (vel galea) filiformes, articulo ul-

timo sesqui longiore, leviter incurvato.

ANTENN# Capite cum mandibulis vix longiores, submoniliformes ;

articulo 1° crassiore, longioreque ; 3'° sequentibus

paulo longiore, 1™"™ fere aquante ; ultimo ovali.

Ocuxtr rotundati, prominuli.

Tuorax elytris sesqui angustior, leviter cordatus, antice Jeviter

emarginatus, lateribus rotundatus, postice paulo re-

tractus, basi recte truncatus.

Evyrra antice recte truncata, lateribus parallela, postice rotun-

data, leviter sinuata, convexa; stria rudimentali cum

stria 1™@ dorsali conjuncta.

Scurer.um triangulare.

Pepes validi.

Tinim antice setis adsperse, ala terminali rotundata externa ;

extus irregulariter emarginate, denticulate ; inter-

medi@ setis spinulosis adsperse, extus irregulariter

serrate, spinis terminalibus binis aculis; postice

vatalogue of the ‘Geodephagous Coleoptera. 373

setis spinulosis adsperse, spinis terminalibus —

bus, obtusis, spatuleeformibus.

Tarsi articulis leviter triangularibus, decrescentibus, ultimo

longiore ; in ¢ non dilatati.

Uneues graciles.

TrocuaNnTEres postici crassi, femoribus duplo breviores.

-incrassatus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Daptus.) Habitat in

provinciis mediis, in locis sabulosis, minus frequens.

AGONODERUS. Dej.

.-lineola. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.

furcatus. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth, Habitat ubique.

-pa Lli pes. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus et occidentalibus.

-* dorsalis. Sturm Cat. Habitat in provinciis mediis et

occidentailibus.

Precedente paulo major, thorace latiore, postice magis re-

tracto, lateribus magis rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusioribus

minus rotundatis; elytris apice minus subito rotundatis, striarum

interstitiis planioribus, plagaque nigra ad basin non contracta;

sutura ferruginea basi dilatata.

«. plaga elytrali antice obsoleta, ita ut maculam furcatam

format.

infuscatus. Dej. Sp. Gen.’ Abundat in provinciis aus-

tralibus ; habitat etiam NovEboraci minus frequens.

*suturalis. Fusco-niger, subnitidus, thorace antice trans-

verse biimpresso, bast impresso, punctatogue ; elytris

sutura, margineque externo paliidis; antennarum

basi pedibusque pallidis. Long. °23, lat. ‘1. Habitat

NovEboraci minus frequens.

Fusco-niger, minus nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus

brevibus arcuatis; antenne fusce, basi testaceer. Thorax lati-

tudine brevior, subquadratus, antice truncatus, basi leviter rotun-

datus ; lateribus modice rotundatus, angulis posticis obtusis valde

374 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera,

rotundatis; basi levissime retractus; disco convexus: impres-

sione transversa anteriore duplicata, posteriore profunda, angu-

lata: linea longitudinali tenuissima ; basalibus profundis punc-

tatis, cum impressione transversa posteriore confluentibus ;

margine tenuissimo testaceo. E/ytra thorace yix latiora, paral-

lela, convexa; stria rudimentali brevissima, interstitiis planis :

3i° bipunctato; fusco-nigra, sutura, margineque lato ad striam

5tam extendente testaceis. Pedes pallidi.

Corpore breviusculo, convexiusculo cum A. infuscato congruit ;

impressionibus autem thoracicis valde distinctus angulisque pos-

ticis minus rotundatis.

—

CRATACANTHUS. Dej.

1.dubius. Beauv. Ins. d’Am. (Harpalus.)

pennsylvanicus. Dej.Sp.Gen. Abundat ubique

usque ad Rocky Mountains.

PIOSOMA,t noy. gen.

Corpus apterum, crassum, conyexum, subcylindricum.

Carur subquadratum minus convexum, postice non retractum,

impressionibus fere nullis.

MAaAnpisuL# valide, incurvate, acute.

MAxiILL® incurvate, acute, intus ciliate.

Lasrum quadratum, longitudine paulo latius, antice emargina-

tum, angulis rotundatis.

Mentum breve, concavum, profunde emarginatum, edentatum,

angulis anticis subrotundatis. .

LiguLa angusta, antice rotundata.

ParaGiossz divergentes, rotundate.

Part /abiales articulo penultimo paulo longiore ; ultimo leviter

ovali, truncato.

maxillares articulo antipenultimo longiore crassio-

t rics pinguis, et e@ua, corpus,

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 375

reque; penultimo leviter obconico, basi tenui ; ultimo

leviter ovali, truncato.

ANTENN# longitudine caput cum thorace equantes, monili-

formes, articulis rotundato-obconicis ; 3'° paulo tenui-

ore ; 1™° erasso, cylindrico.

Ocutr vix prominuli.

Tuorax quadratus, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus rotun-

datis, versus basin leviter sinuatis, angulis posticis

rectis.

ScuTetium breve.

Enyrra basi truncata, parallela, convexa, stria rudimentali inter

e jmam eft Qadam gita,

Pepes crassiusculi.

Trs1# antice compresse, subdilatate, extus spinulose, sed non

dentate.

relique spinulose, calcaribus terminalibus brevius-

culis.

Tars! antici, articulis brevibus triangularibus, setis longis in-

structis ; articulo ultimo longiore, clavato.

reliqui articulis leyiter descrescentibus (ultimo lon-

giore) setosis.

Uneves simplices elongati.

TrRocHANTEREs postici femoris dimidium zquantes.

Generi Cratognatho (Dej.) affinis videtur.

1. *setosum. Cuastaneum nitidum, sparse grosse punctatum,

setis longise punctis orventibus ; elytris striatis, inter-

stitiis uniseriatim grosse punctatis, setosisque. Long.

‘35, lat. -15. Habitat circiter Long’s Peak, Rocky

Mountains, minus frequens.

Statura fere Cratacanthi dubii, paulo tamen latius. Casta-

neum, nitidum. Caput subtilius punctatum, punctis paucis

grossis anticis, setisque nonnullis longis. Thorax latitudine

sesqui brevivr, antice et postice truncatus, lateribus rotundatis,

versus basin leviter sinuatis, angulis posticis accurate rectis : disco

convexus, totus densius subtilissime punctatus : sparse, grosse

376 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

punctatus, magis ad latera et basin: setis longis e punctis

orientibus ; impressioribus fere nullis; basi cum angulis pos-

ticis subdepresso. /ytva thorace non latiora, striata, striis

impunctetis, modice profundis ; stria rudimentali longiuscula :

interstitiis fere planis, grosse uniseriatim punctatis, punctis setis

longis instructis. Swdtus dilutias castaneum.

Subdivisio I1.—Eurytrichini.

Harpalide.—p Hope.

Stenolophide.—p. Hope.

Corpus antice panlo angustatum.

Capur postice leyiter retractum.

Patri articulo ultimo ovali, apice truncato.

Tarsi antici et intermedii 3 valde dilatati, subtus pube densis-

sima, brevi, erecta vestiti.

AMPHASIA. Newman.

HARPALUS.—»p. Dej.

OPHONUS.—>. auctorum.

1.femoratus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

sericeus. Harris. N. E. Farmer. Habitat in provin-

ciis mediis.

2,interstitialis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IL.

Obscuripennis. Dej. Sp. Gen.

fulvicallis. Newman Ent. Mag. Vol. V.

Errore quodam Ill. Dom. Newman “Jabipalporum articulum

apicalem in globo minimo desinire” dicit ; in speciminibus omni-

bus a me visis, articulus ultimus palporum Jabialium ovalis est, et

subacutus, apice vix truncato, at paulo rotundato, articulo ultimo

palporum maxillariam omnino similis. Deseriptio ejus specifica

cum insecto nostro exacte quadrat, pube brevi excepta, cum

qua specimina nostra vestuntur.. Seepe tamen inveniuntur pube

partim attrita.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 377

SPONGOPUS. nov. gen.

Corpus oblongum, depressum, alatum.

CapuT mediscre, antice subacutum, oculis prominulis.

MANDIBUL& curvate, apice acute.

Lasrum subquadratum, iatitudine paulo brevius, antice emar-

ginatum, anculis retundatis.

Mentum breve, concaviusculum, profunde emarginatum, medio

dente lato, obtuso, brevi, anculis anticis subacutis.

MaxiLt& subelongate, apice incurvate, acute, intus sparse

ciliate.

Licuta longa anonsta.

Patri subelongati, tenuiusculi, articulo ultimo praecedentem

eequante, leviter ovali, fere cylindrico, apice paulo

attenuato, truncatoque.

ANTENN® corpore duplo breviores, tenues, articulo 1™° cras-

siore ; 2540 reliquis duplo breviore, leviter obconico;

3i0 reliquos zquante, parum obconico; ultimo apice

rotundato.

Tuorax subquadratus, postice angustatus, basi truncatus ; late-

ribus valde rotundatus, margine depresso reflexo.

Exyrra thorace latiora, apice sinuata, apice summo valde rotun-

dato, basitruncata; profunde siriata.

ScuTr.LuM triangulare, mediocre.

PeEDES crassiusculi, >

TrB_e omnino sicvt in Anisodactylo; calcare terminali tibiaruam

anticarum simplici, leviter curvato, gracili.

Tarsi ¢ antict, articulo 1™° triangulari antice truncato, leviter

dilatato ; 2ndo, 3ioque sesqui Jaticribus triangularibus,

lateribus angulisque rotundatis; 4° apice emargi-

nato; omnibus subtus pube densissima breyi ves-

titis ; ultimo precedentes 2 longitudine wquante: 9

invisi.

intermedit minus dilatati, articulis sicut in anticis

formatis vestitisque.

378 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

postici filiformes, articulis longitudine descrescenti-

bus, ultimo precedentes 2 aquante.

Uneves simplices.

1 *yverticalis. Niger nitidus ; thorace margine reflexo, ba-

sique punctato, angulis posticis oblusis non rotundatis ;

elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis convexis, puncta-

tis; mandibulis, maculaque verticali rubris ; anten-

nis, palpis, pedibusque rufis. Long. *5, lat.*2. Ha-

bitat ad Paterson Nove Czesarew, a Dom. Guex

benevole datus.

Oblongus, depressus, niger nitidus. Caput minute punctula-

tum, impressionibus froutalibus brevibus valde profundis ; sutura

transversa profunda: macula verticali subquadrata rubra, valde

distincta : mandibule rubre, apice nigre. Palpz rufi. Antenne

rufe, articulo 1™° pallidiore.. Thorax capite duplo latior, lati-

tudine summa duplo brevior, antice leviter emarginatus, postice

angustatus, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis ; lateribus

valde rotundatus, basi truncatus; margine late reflexo, cum

basi toto depresso, dense punctato; impressionibus transversis

profundis, medio angulatis; linea longitudinali integra, profun

da; basalibus latis subprofundis. E/ytra planiuscula, parallela,

thorace latiora, apice oblique sinuata, apice summo valde rotun-

dato ; profunde striata, stria rudimentali longa recta : interstitiis

convexis, dense subtilius punctatis ; 3'° unipunctato ; serie punc-

torum submarginali non interrupta. Pectora punctata; segmenta

abdominis utrinque foveolata, obsoleteque punctata. Pedes ruti;

trochanteres saturatiores. Corporis forma Piesmum submargi-

natum Feronidarum revocat.

ANISODACTYLUS. Dej.

§ 1. Typici; tibiae anticee calcare terminali basi

dilatato.

Species 3-7 summo aflinitate conjuncte, et descriptionibus

auctorum vix separandv sunt; in thoracis forma tamen yalde dis-

ys . :

4 »

i Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 379

.* — Uncte, et primo fere aspectu dignoscantur ; ad speciem quamque

descriptionem thoracis adjunxi, ut levior sit investigandi labor.

1. discoideus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis me-

diis et australibus minus frequens.

2.baltimorensis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.

N.S. Dej. Sp. Gen.

St. Crucis? Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Abundat ubique.

3.1 gr ita. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis.

A speciebus aliis nigris thorace postice magis retracto, lateri-

bus levissime sinuatis, angulis posticis rectis, nou rotundatis ;

antice posticeque dense subtilius punctato; margine tenui de-

presso ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, anteriore angulata ;

linea longitudinali integra, basalibus vblongis profundis, sepa-

randus. ;

4.interpunctatus. Kirby, F. B: A. Vol. -IV.~ (Har-

palus.)

Specimen unicum ad Cataractam Niagaram, mense Maio

inventum.

Thorax \atitudine sesqui brevior, antice posticeque leviter

angustatus, lateribus equaliter rotundatus, angulis posticis ob-

tusis non rotundatis, basi truncatus ; disco minus convexus, mar-

gine latiusculo depresso, tenue punctato ; antice dense subtilius

punctatus ; postice dense confluenter punctatus ; impressiouibus

basalibus latis non profundis ; transversis fere nullis, lougitudi-

nali integra; ¢/ytra striata interstitiis convexis, dense minus

subtiliter punctatis.

5.agricola. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. (Har-

palus.): Dej. Sp. Gen.

Habitat in provinciis mediis et occidentalibus.

Thoraz \atitudine plus sesqui brevior, postice vix angustatus,

lateribus equaliter rotundatus; angulis posticis obtusis, non

rotundatis ; disco minus convexus, antice subtilius, postice dense

punctatus: margine latiusculo depresso, puncteto : impressio-

nibus transversis fere nullis; linea lungitudinali integra; basa-

380 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

libus latis, subprofundis: /yéra striata interstitiis convexis,

oculo acute armato subtilissime sparse punctatis.

6. *striatus. Niger nitidus, thorace quadrato, convexiusculo,

lateribus rotundato, margine depresso tenui, angulis

posticis rectis non rotundatis: elytris striatis, inter-

stitis convexis: antennarum articulo 1°, palpisque

Serrugineis. Long. *56, lat. -2. Specimen unum ad

Evansville, Ia. alterumque ad Rocky Mountains legi.

Statura fere precedentis ; niger, nitidus; Caput subtilissime

punctatum, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus profundisque;

sutura frontali profunda: /abrum profundius emarginatum.

Antenne nigro-picee, articulo 1° ferrugineo; palpo ferruginei.

Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice

emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus magis rotunda-

tus, postice leviter angustatus, basi recte truncatus, angulis pos-

ticis rectis, non rotundatis ; disco convexiusculus, antice sparse

tenue punctato; margine tenuiore depresso, punctato; basi

dense punctatus, punctis versus medium yix distinctis ; impres-

sione transversa anteriore arcuata; linea longitudinali integra,

basalibus oblongis profundis. Elytra paraltela, postice obtusa,

parum sinuata; profunde striata; interstitiis convexis, impunc-

tatis, 7™° ad apicem 3-punctato.

Ab A. nigrita, palpis ferrugineis, thorace latiore, postice paulo

minus retracto, margine depresso angustiore, impressione trans-

versa non angulata, elytrorumque interstitiis impunctatis sepa-

randus.

.laticollis. Kirby, F. B. A. (Harpalus.)

melan opus. Hald. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Se. Vol. I.

Habitat in provinciis mediis minus frequens.

Thorax \atitudine sesqui brevior, antice levissime angustatus,

leviter emarginatus, angulis anticis deflexis, rotundatis ; basi

recte truncatus, lateribus equaliter rotundatus, angulis posticis

parum obtusis, rotundatis ; disco parum convexus, antice subti-

lissime punctatus; margine depresso, subtiliter punctato ; im-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 381

pressionibus transversis indistinctis, linea longitudinali integra,

basalibus Jatis non -profundis, dense subtiliter punctatis, punctis

versus medium nonnunquam extendevtibus. #/ytra apice

parum sinuata, stria 7™@ versus apicem punctis 2, vel 3 im-

pressis.

§ 2. * TripLeotrus: tibiz antice. calcare terminali trifido,

lobis acutis: corpus ellipticum.

or Tuli pennis. Niger nitidus; thorace quadrato, antice

subangustato, lateribus late depressis, cum bast punc-

tatis ; elytris rufo-castancis, margine infuscato, stria-

tis, interstitiis subconvexis, tertio unipunctato, anten-

narum articulo 1"° subtus, palporumque apice rufis.

Long. °53, lat. -2. Specimen unicum & a Dom. Bre-

voort prope Brooklyn, insule Longe NovEboraci

inventum, et amicissime datum.

Statura omnino séquentis, at thorace paulo convexiore, basi

distinctius punctato. .

Niger nitidus ; caput obtusum leve, impressionibus frontalibus

punctiformibus, sutura frontali tenui; antenne nigro-picee, arti-

culo 1™° subtus ferrugineo: palpi nigro-picei, articulo ultimo,

penultimoque apice rufis. Thorax capite duplo latior, antice

paulo angustatus, emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateri-

bus equaliter rotundatus; basi recte truncatus, angulis posticis

subrotundatis ; disco leviter convexus, antice subtilissime punc-

tatus striatusque; margine valde depresso, versus basia cres-

cente, cum basi distinctius punctato: impressionibus transversis

fere nullis, linea longitudinali tenui, integra, basalibus latis, rotun-

datis, subduplicibus. Elytra thorace non latiora, apice leviter

sinuata, apice summo rotundato; planiuscula, rufo-castanea,

nitida, versus marginem obscurata; striata, interstitiis subcon-

vexis, stria rudimentali perlonga rectaque: interstitio 310 non-

nunquam unipunctato, 7° ad apicem punctis 4-6 impressis.

Pedes nigri, tarsis anticis piceis.

9, carbonarius. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.

Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV.

382 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

luctuosus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci.

10. *pinguis. Ovalis crassus ; thorace quadrato, antice an-

gustato, basi leviter emarginato, margine late, indis-

tincteque depresso, cum basi medio vbsulete punctato

rugosoque; impressi nibus basalibus ind/stinctis sparse

punctatis ; elytris interstitiis postic: subconvexis, alter-

natim ad apicem punctatis ; antennarum bai pal-

pisque apice rufis. Wong. 55, lat. 22. Habitat ad

Rocky Mountains.

Sequentibus simillimus at paulo convexior.

Niger parum nitidus. Caput obtusum, impressionibus fronta-

libus punctiformibus, profundis, sutura frontali tenui, distincta;

palpi nigri apice summorufo, Antenne nigro-picee, articulis 2

rufo-ferrugineis. Thorax capite plus duplo latior, latitudine

summa duplo fere brevior, antice angustatus, profunde emargi-

natus, basi leviter emarginato, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateri-

bus equaliter rotundatus ampliatusque, angulis posticis rectis ;

disco parum convexus, transverse leviter rugosus; margine versus

basin crescente, depresso, obsolete rugose-punctato ; impressio-

nibus transversis parum distinctis, anteriore paulo angulata,

linea longitudinal distincta tenui, utrinque valde abbreviata, basa-

libus oblongis non profundis, punctis paucis notatis, basi medio

irregulariter striatus, obsoleteque punctatus. H/ytra_ thoraci

arcte conjancta, postice subangustata, apice parum sinuata;

striata ;_interstitiis leviter convexis, 3'°, 5t° et 7™° yersus apicem

serie brevi punctorum ; serie suabmarginali medio non interrupta,

punctis autem minoribus.

1l. *crassus. Ovalis, crassus, niger, subnitidus: thorace an-

tice angustato, lateribus indistincte depressis, posticegue

subexplanatis, linea longitudinali antice valde abbrevi-

ata, basalihus oblongis, fovea antica impressis; elytris

striatis interstitis fere planis; postice alternatim pune-

tatis ; antennarum basi, palpisque apicerufis. Long.

47, Jat. 19. Habitat NovEboraci minus frequens.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Co/eoptera. 383

Sequentibus simillimus. Ovalis,. crassus, niger, subuitidus.

Caput leve, impressionibus frontalibus parvis, vix distinctis, —

punctiformibus, sutura frontali tenuissima. Antenne obscure,

basi rufee ; palpi apice summo rufi. Thorax capite plus duplo

latior, latitudine fere duplo. brevior, antice angustatus, valde

emarginatus, angulis apticis rotundatis; basi leviter emarginatus,

lateribus equaliter rotuudatus; disco minus convexus, margine

postice crescente late depresso, versus angulos posticos leviter

explanato, punctis paucis obsoletissimis potato: impressionibus

transversis fere nullis, hnea longitudinali tenui, antice valde ab-

breviata, basalibus oblongis, modice profundis, stria brevi antica

notatis. Hiytra thoraci arcte conjuncta, postice subangustata,

ad apicem leviter sinuata; siriata, interstitiis fere planis; 3,

7™°que postice punctis 5, 5? punctis 2 impressis; serie submar-

ginali medio non interrupta, punctis subequalibus.

12. * grav idus. Ocalis, crassus, niger, parum nitidus ; tho-

race antice angustato, lateribus late, indistincte de-

pressis; linealongitudinali via evidente, basalibus sub-

profundis, fovea antica impressis: elytris striatis,

interstitiis subconvexis, 3° 5% 7™°que paulo elevatis,

postice seriatim punctatis: antennarum basi. rufo.

Long. ‘52, lat. 2. Habitat NoyEboraci, minus fre-

queus.

Precedenti simi!limus, postice tamen paulo minus angustatus,

thoraceque postice vix explanato distinctus. Caput leve, im-

pressionibus fronialibus punctiformibus, profundis ; sutura fron-

tali distincta foveaque antica notatum, Pa/pi nigri, apice

summo rufo: antennarum articulis 2 rufis, reliquis nigro-piceis.

Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior, antice

mag's angustatus, emarginatus: angulis anticis paulo minus

rotundatis: lateribus equaliter rotundatus, ampliatusque, basi

levissime emarginatus, angulis posticis rectis, non rotundatis ;

margine late, indistincteque depresso, versus basin crescente ;

impressione transversa auteriore nulla, posteriore recta, linea

longitudinali tenuissima, vix evidente, antice valde abbreviata,

384 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

basalibus oblongis, modice profundis, striola antica notatis. Ely-

tra thoraci arcte conjuncta, postice subangustata, ad apicem

leviter sinuata; striata, interstitiis subconvexis, 3!° 5t¢que parum

elevatis, dorso obsolete carinatis, 3i°, 5t¢, 7™°que postice seria-

tim punctatis: serie suabmarginali medio non interrupta.

13. merula. Germ. Ins. Noy. (Harpalus.) Dej. Sp. Gen.

Habitat in provinciis australibus.

Thorace antice minus angustato, ad latera obsoletius depresso,

elytris profundius striatis, interstitiis magis convexis, serieque

punctorum submarginali valde interrupta distinguendus.

14. rusticus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. Habitat

ubique.

Praecedenti simillimus; thorace tamen antice multo magis

angustato, impressionibus basalibus paulo angustioribus, striola

obsoleta, subobliqua impressis, serieque elytrorum submarginali

non interrupta facile distinctus; interstitiis elytrorum nunc levi-

ter convexis, nunc fere planis.

15. * ‘elli pt icus. Ellipticus, depressus ; niger nitidus, tho-

race antice angustato, angulis posticis leviter rotun-

datis, margine viz depresso, impressionibus basalibus

indistinctissimis, angustis, sparse punctatis ; elytris

enterstitus fere planis, 3'° unipunctato, 5*°, 7™°que pos-

tice punctatis ; palpis antennarumque anticulis 2 rufis.

Long. *38, lat.°155. Habitat NoviAureliani, a Dom.

Gnex benevole datus.

Corpus Oodiforme. Depressus, ellipticus, niger, nitidus.

Caput \eve, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus profundis, sutu-

ra frontali distincta. Antenne obscure, articulis 2 rufis; palpe

rufi. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice

angustatus, emarginatusque, basi leviter emarginatus; angulis

anticis rotundatis, lateribus aqualiter rotundatus, angulis posticis

obtusis, rotundatis ; margine obsoletissime depresso; impressio-

nibus transversis nullis, linea longitudinali tenuissima, utrinque

abbreviata, basalibus rectis, angustis, minime profundis, sparse

Catalogue of the Geodophagous Coleoptera. 385

punctatis. E/ytra thorace non latiora, apiece paulo sinuata ; pro-

funde striata, interstitiis planis, 3° ad trientem ab apice uni-

punctato, 5t¢ ad apicem bipunctato, 7™° punctis 5 vel 6 serie

dispositis : serie submarginali medio paulo interrupta. Pedes

nigri, tibiis anticis et intermediis rufo-piceis, tarsis nigro-piceis.

§ 3. * ApLocentTRus ;f tibie antice calcare terminali sim-

plice ; palpis crassiusculis, articulo ultimo magis ovali. Cor-

pus vel ellipticum, vel oblongum.

16. Czenus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IL: Dej. Sp. Gen.

Habitat NoyEboraci minus frequens.

z. Piceo-subcoeruleus: a Dom. Brevoort benevole datus.

17.*subeneus. LEllipticus, nigro-piceus, ntore coerulea mi-

cans ; thorace quadrato, antice angustato, lateribus

rotundatis; angulis posticis rectis, margine depresso,

basalibus subprofundis, punctatis; elytris striatis,

interstitiis paulo convexis, 3° unipunctato, antenna-

rum basi, palpisque rufis ; epipleuris, tibiis tarsisque

rufo-piceis. Wong. *31, lat.:12. Habitat ad Brook-

lyn NovEboraci, a Dom. Brevoort amice datus

Ellipticus, nigro-piceus, nitore coeruleo irroratus. Caput

leve, impressionibus frontalibus fossulzeformibus, cumque sutura

transversa distinctis. Mandibule picee ; antenne fusce, arti-

culis 3 rufis; palpi rufi. Therax capite plus duplo latior, lati-

tudine plus sesqui brevior; antice angustatus, emarginatusque,

angulis anticis rotundatis ; lateribus rotundatus, basi truncatus,

angulis posticis rectis; disco modice convexus, margine depres-

so, versus basin crescente, obsolete punctato, subpellucido ; basi

toto subtilius dense punctato; impressionibus transversis dis-

tinctis, medio angulatis ; linea longitudinali tenui utrinque abbre-

viata, profunda; basalibus oblongis punctatis, profundis, a mar-

gine discretis. Elytra ovalia, apice vix sinuata, margine

picescentia, striata, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3'° postice uni-

t amaces—simplex. xevTgov—spina.

386 Catalogue of the Geodephagous (vleoptera,

punctato: serie submarginali punctorom non interrupta: epi-

pleure rufo-picee. Pedes nigro-picei, tibiis tarsisque rufo-

piceis.

Precedente convexior, forma elliptica, non oval, thorace late-

ribus magis rotundatis, impressionibus profundioribus facile dis-

tinguendus.

18. *obscurus. Ellipticus convexiusculus, niger, parum

nitidus: thorace quadrato, antice parum angustato,

lateribus modice rotundatis, postice suhforcolato foveis

obsolete punctatis; elytris tenue striatis, interstittis

paulo convexis, 3'° unipunctato ; antennarum hasi,

pedibusque rufis: palpis vices. Long. 27, lat. “1h.

Habitat in provincia Mossechusetts, a Dom, Harris

amice datus.

Ellipticus, convexiusculus, niger, parum nitidas. Caput leve.

Palpi picei, antenne obscure, articulis 2 basalibus pallidioribus,

Thorax capite duplo latior, Jatitudine summa sesqui brevior,

antice paulo angustatus, leviter emarginatus, angulis enticis

rotundatis ; lateribus leviter rotundatus, basi recie fere truuea-

tus, angulis posticis rectis rotund. tis; margine picescents; im-

pressione trausversa anteriore angulata dis incia; linea long tu-

dinali tenui, utringue abbreviata, basalibus prrvis obloneis,

punctis paucis obsoletis. E/ytra apice sinuata; tenue tata,

interstitiis leviter convexis, 3° unipunctato; serie pune cum

submarginali non interrupta. Pedes ruti.

19. le tus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ia provineis aust:

20. lu <j ubris. De). Sp. Gen. (Selenophorus )

Specimina pluria ad cataractam Niigare meise :

3, articulo basali tarsorum anticorum param doa e

subtus dense breviter pilosis, papillis ordine jon « '

Anisodactylis congruit: tibiis anticis calcar e

cileque.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 387

EURYTRICHUS.t . nov. gen.

Corpus ovale, Calathum similans, alatum.

Carut mediocre, antice subobtusum, oculis majusculis promi-

nulis.

" MANDIBUL incurvate, apice rotundate.

Lasrum quadratum, latitudine paulo brevius, angulis anticis

rotundatis.

Mentvum breve, modice concavum, profunde emarginatum, me-

dio dente valido, obtusoque munitum; angulis anticis

subacutis.

Maxi, et Ligura invise.

Pauri tenuiusculi; labiales articulis equalibus, maxillares arti-

culo 2nd0 longiore, crassioreque; articulo ultimo

precedente paulo longiore; levissime ovali, apice

paulo truncato.

ANTENN subelongate, filiformes, articulo 24° reliquis duplo

breviore ; reliquis equalibus, 1™° vix crassiore, ulti-

mo apice rotundato.

Tuorax quadratus, antice paulo angustatus, postice truncatus.

Exyrra ovalia, apice vix sinuata.

ScuTELLUM parvum.

Pepes mediocres ; tibie sicut in Harpalo; calcare terminali

anticarum simplici. :

Tarst ¢ antici sicut in Spongopus, articulo 1™° paulo latiore ;

S intermedi minus dilatati, articulo 1™° subtus non

pubescente, reliquis sicut in tarsis anticis ; postice

articulis longitudine decrescentibus, ultimo prece-

dentes duos equante.

Uneves simplices.

1.terminatus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc: Vol. II. N. 5.

g nonnunquam nitore viridi-eneo irroratus.

Habitat in Pennsylvania, et ad Rocky Mountains.

2,.testaceus. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. LI.

tevevs—latus, 6¢/Z—pilis, quasi tarsis J’ subtus dense pilosis,

388 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Habitat in Pennsylvania, minus frequens, a Dom.

Melsheimer benevole datus. A

3. ag ilis. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Harpalus.) Abundat in Georgia.

4.* nitidipennis. Oblongus, angustiusculus, obscure viri-

di-eneus, nitidus ; thorace quadrato, postice suban-

gustato, impressione transversa anteriore, basalibusque

linearibus profundis ; elytris nitidissimis, striatis,

interstitiis planis; antennarum basi, pedibus palpisque

rufis. Long. °3, lat. ‘11. Specimen unicum ¢ in

Georgia inventum.

Pracedentem refert, at angustior, et convexior.

Viridi-eeneus, nitidus, capite thoraceque obscurioribus. Caput

leve, impressionibus frontalibus punctiformibus. Antenne arti-

culis 3 basalibus rufo-testaceis, reliquis brunneo maculatis.

Palpi rufi. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine summa sesqui

brevior, quadratus, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus rotun-

datis, angulis posticis obtusis, non rotundatis, vix explanatis;

disco convexiusculus, margine depresso ; impressione transversa

anteriore profunda, angulata, liuea longitudinali tenui utrinque

abbreviata, basalibus linearibus. E/ytra parallela, apice parum

sinuata, striata, interstitiis accurate planis ; 3'° unipunctato ; serie

punctorum submargivali medio interrupta. Sudtus niger, pedes

et trochanteres rufi.

5. * Pp iceus. Ovalis latiusculus, depressus, piceus, nitidus, sub-

tus rufo-piceus ; thorace quadrato, antice angustato,

margine leviter depresso ; elytris tenue-striatis, inter-

stitiis planis ; 3° unipunctato ; ore rufo-piceo, anten-

narum basi, palpis, pedibusque rufis. Long. ‘41, lat.

‘17. Specimen unicum & NovEboraci inyentum.

Precedentibus major, latior, et depressior.

Piceus nitidus, subtus totus rufo-piceus. Caput leve, impres-

sionibus frontalibus punctiformibus, ore rufo-piceo. Antenne

rufo-picee, basi rufee. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine

summa sesqui brevior, subquadratus, apice basique truncatus,

antice angustatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis rectis, non

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleontera. 389

rotundatis, lateribus rotundatus; versus basin late depressus,

obsoletissime rugoso-punctatus ; impressione transversa auteriore

duplicata, posteriore recta; linea longitudinali vix distincta,

basalibus latis vix distinctis, cum linea recta longitudinali obso-

lete impressis. Elytra apice leviter sinuata, tenue-striata, inter-

stitiis planis, 3'° postice unipunctato, stria rudim ntali longa;

serie punctorum submarginali medio vix interrupta. Ep7pleure

rufo-piceee. Pedes rufi.

6. dichrous. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Harpalus.)

irtcolor. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vel. IV. Habi-

tat in provinciis mediis.

Subdivisio I11.— Har paleni.

Harpalide.—p. Hope.

Stenolophide.—p. Hope.

Corpus antice paulo angustatum.

CapvuT postice leviter retractum.

Pawrt articulo ultimo oyali, truncato plerisque; in aliis apice

attenuato acuminatoque.

Tarsi antici et intermedii ¢ plus minusve dilatati, subtus papil-

larum serie duplici dense vestiti.

SELENOPHORUS. Dej.

i. stigmosus. Germ. Ins. Nov. (Harpalus.)

impresswus. Dej Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis

australibus.

Rtas pen nis. Oblongus, depressus, niger, pernitidus ; tho-

race quadrato, angulis posticis obtusis, subrotundatis,

Lasi subtiliter punctato; elytris cyanco-micantibus,

versus marginem subtiliter sparse punctatis ; striatis,

seriebus punctorum solitis distinctis : antennis, palpis,

pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. *38, lat. 15. . Habitat

in Carolina, et NovEboraci minus frequens ; a Dom.

Willcox benevole datus.

Oblongus, depressus, niger pernitidus. Caput valde obtusum,

abro piceo; impressionibus frontalibus parvis, sutura transversa

390 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

distincta. Antenne palpique rufo-ferruginei. Thorax capite

paulo latior, latitudine fere sesqui_brevior, quadratus, antice

paulo emarginatus, angulis anticis subacutis, lateribus modice

rotundatus, basi levissime emarginatus, angulis posticis obtusis,

subrotundatis : disco fere planus, subtiliter rugosus, antice pos-

ticeque striatus, tenuissime marginatus ; impressione transyersa

anteriore arcuata, linea longitudinali utrinque paulo abbreviata,

basalibus latis, indistinctis, subtiliter punctatis. Elytra thorace

non latiora, apice parum sinuata, cyaneo-micantia; versus mar-

ginem sparse punctata, striata, striis postice exaratis ; rudimen-

tali brevi distincta: interstitiis parum convexis, seriebus punc-

torum solitis distinctis: serie submarginali medio late inter-

rupta. Sudbtus niger, pedes, cox et trochanteres ferruginei.

.gagatinus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

maurus. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I.

pro ductus. Mels. MSS. fide Harris.

Habitat in Pennsylvania et Massachusetts minus

frequens. Long. *29, lat. *11.

Niger, nitidus : caput leve, labro, palpis, antennisque pallide

piceis ; ¢horaz latitudine paulo brevior, antice emarginatus, an-

gulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus modice rotundatus, basi recte

truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis leviter rotundatis ; disco sub-

planus, indistincte rugosus: impressione transversa anteriore

arcuata distincta, posteriore minus profunda, linea longitudinali

utrinque abbreviata, basalibus parvis rotundatis, non profundis,

parce subtilius punctatis; elytra parallela, apice vix sinuata,

striis profundis, interstitiis planiusculis; seriebus punctorum

solitis satis distinctis; stria 8Y* postice excavata; serie submar-

ginali punctis anticis indistinctis ; femora nigro-picea, tibiae et

tarsi rufo-picei.

4. parallelus. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Vol. I.

Angustior, niger subnitidus, antennis palpisque pal-

lide rufo-piceis, thorace subquadrato, angulis posticis

rotundatis, basi leviter bisinuato; elytris seriebus

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 391

punctorum viz observandis. Long.*29, lat.:10. Spe-

cimen unicum in Territorio Missouriensi inveni ;

habitat etiam in Pennsylvania minus frequens. Mus.

Dom. Melsheimer.

Precedente multo angustior, et magis parailelus. Niger,

subnitidus, caput leve, impressionibus punctiformibus ; antenne

et palpi pallidi. Thorax latitudine paulo brevior, antice suban-

gustatus, emarginatus, .angulis rotundatis; lateribus modice

rotundatus, basi leviter emarginatus, bisinuatusque, angulis pos-

ticis obtusis, modice rotundatis; disco leviter convexus, trans-

verse rugosus; margine versus angulos posticos anguste de-

presso punctatoque; impressionibus transversis fere nuliis, linea

longitudinali tenuissima, utrinque abbreviata, basalibus vix

distinctis; basi toto subtilissime striato punctatoque. Elytra

parallela, apice vix sinuata, striata, stria rudimentali longa dis-

tinctaque; interstitiis basi fere planis, postice convexis ; seriebus

punctorum solitis fere obsoletis; serie marginali medio valde

interrupta: pedes nigro-picei; tibiis tarsisque minus obscuris.

*tenebrosus. Subelongatus, subconvexus, niger nitidus;

antennis palpisque ferrugineis ; thorace subquadrato

angulis posticis rotundatis, basi leviter bisinuato,

margine postice explanato ; elytris striatis, puncto-

rum seriebus solitis’ distinctts, pedibus nigro-piceis.

Long. ‘26, lat. “0. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

Precedenti valde aflinis, at magis convexus.

Niger nitidus ; caput leve, impressionibus frontalibus puncti-

formibus ; labrum, antenne, palpique ferruginea. Thorax lati-

tudine vix brevior, antice vix emarginatus, lateribus rotundatus,

angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, basi levissime bisinuato ; disco

subconvexus, rugosus, margine versus angulos posticos leviter

explanato, nonnunquam subtilius punctato, linea longitudinali

antice abbreviata, distincta; impressione transversa anteriore

interdum modice distincta, arcuata; basalibus nullis. E/ytra

apice non sinuata, profunde striata, magis versus apicem, stria

rudimentali longa distinctaque; interstitiis modice’ convexis,

392 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

seriebus punctorum solitis satis distinctis; serie submarginali

medio late interrupta. Pedes nigro-picei, tibiis tarsisque minus

obscuris. ;

6.*varticolor. Niger, pernitidus, ore, antennis, pedibusque

testacets ; thorace lateribus valde rotundato, hasi sub-

tiliter punctato ; elytris cyaneo-micantibus, interstitis

subplunis seriebus punctorum indistinctis. Long. +26,

lat.-11. Habitat in Pennsylvania et Georgia minus

frequens.

Oblovgus, angustiuseulus, niger, pernitidus. Caput leve,

impressionibus fere nullis, ore antennis palpisque rufo-testaceis

Thorax \atitudine sesqui brevior, subquadratus, antice leviter

emarginatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, postice leviter retrac-

tus, angulis posticis obtusis valde rotundatis, basi levissime emar-

ginatus; disco fere planus; impressionibus transversis fere

nullis, linea longitudinali tenuissima, integra; basalibus latis,

mipime profundis, subtiliter punctatis. _Elytra thorace vix

latiora, parallela, postice rotundata, viridi cyaneoque micantia,

striata, stria rudimentali longa distincta; interstitiis subplanis,

seriebus punctorum solitis inconspicuis, serie submarginali medio

late interrupta. Pedes rufo-testacei.

7. *viridescens. Oblongus, niger, obscure viridescens,

thorace quadrato, angulis posticis rotundatis, impres-

sionibus basalibus non profundis ; elytris profunde

striatis, interstiliis convexis, seriebus punetorum solitis

Jere obsoletis : antennis, palpis, ibis, tarsisque rufo-

piceis, Long. °3, lat, ‘11. Habitat in Insula

Longa NovEboraci, a Dom. Brevoort amice datus.

Habitus omnino Eurytrichi nitidipennis. Oblongus, niger,

obscure viridescens, pernitidus. Caput obtusum, impressionibus

frontalibus vix distinetis : antenne palpique rufo-picei. Thorax

capite duplo latior, Jatitudine sesqui brevior, quadratus, apice

vix emarginato, basi fere recte truncato, lateribus rotundatus,

angulis posticis obtusis rotuudatis : disco parum convexus, tenu-

iter muargivatus; impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 393

longitudinali postice paulo abbreyiata, basalibus latis, minime

profundis, obsolete punctatis, basi medio obsoletissime rugose

punctato. lytra thorace non latiora, apice paulo sinuata, pro-

funde striata, striis postice profundioribus; rudimentali subelon-

gata; interstitiis paulo convexis, seriebus punctorum solitis fere

obsoletis, vix distinctis : serie submarginali punctorum ocellato-

rum medio late interrupta. Swbtus niger, femoribus nigro-piceis ;

trochanteres postici, tibize, tarsique rufo-picei.

8. pedicularius. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique minus

frequens.

9 troglodytes. Dej. ibid. Habitat ubique sat frequens.

Precedenti simillimus, thorace tamen ad latera minus rotun-

dato, basi minute rugoso, punctatoque, impressionibus basalibus

profundioribus, seriebusque punctorum multo distinctioribus,

dignoscendus; in ambobus elytra versus marginem subtilissime

punctata sunt, pubeque rara, depressa, grisea vix conspicua ves-

tita.

Io. *zreus. Oblongus eneus nitidus ; thorace subquadrato, mar-

gine leviter depresso, explanatoque, basalibus parvis,

parce subtiliter punctatis, elytris interstitiis leviter

convexis, seriebus punctorum satis distinctis ; antin-

narum bast pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. ‘20, lat.

‘08. Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi.

Oblongus zneus, nitidus. Caput leve, impressionibus fere

nullis. Antenne obscure, articulis duobus basalibus pallidis ;

palpi mandibuleque ferruginei, apice picei. Thorax subquad-

ratus, latitudine brevior, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus

modice rotundatus, basi fere recte truncatus, angulis posticis ob-

tusis leviter rotundatis; disco subconvexus, margine versus

basin leviter explanato, punctis paucis indistinctis notato; im-

pressionibus transversis nullis, linea longitudinali antice abbre-

viata, basalibus parvis, parce punctatis. E/ytra thorace vix

latiora, parallela, apice leviter sinuata, apice dense subtiliter

punctata ; striata, striis postice profundioribus, interstitiis leviter

a» .

394 * Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

convexis, punctorum seriebus solitis distinctis; stria rudimentali

brevi ; pedes ferruginei.

A precedentibus duobus thoracis margine distincte explanato,

elytrisque apice distincte punctatis dignoscendus. Elytra (sicut

in illis) versus marginem subtilissime punctata, pubeque rava

brevi vestita sunt.

14, .* p lani penn 1s. Nigro-eneus, nitidus ; thorace sub-

quadrato, margine postice explanato, punctatoque,

empressionibus basalibus parvis, subtiliter punctatis ;

elytris tenue-striatis, interstitiis accurate planis, serie-

bus solitis indistinctis, intermedia evidentiore, pedibus,

antennisque ferrugineis. Long. *20, lat.:09. Spe-

men unicum prope Long’s Peak, Rocky Mountains,

legi.

Oblongus; Nigro-zneus, nitidus. Caput leve, sutura fron-

tali distincta, punctoque prope labrum utrinque impresso ; an-

tenn palpique rufi. T'korax subquadratus, latitudine sesqui

brevior, antice aon angustatus, apice basique truncatus, lateri-

bus rotundatus, angulis posticis obtusis minus rotundatis ; disco

subconvexus, margine versus augulos posticos explanato, punc-

tatoque ; impressionibus transyersis, lineaque longitudinali fere

nullis; basalibus latis, indistinctis, subtiliter punctatis. Elytra

thorace vix latiora, parallela, vix sinuata, ad apicem margi-

nemque punctata; tenue-striata, interstitiis accurate planis ;

serie punctorum interna vix distincta, secunda evyidentiore.

Pedes ferruginei.

12. 0valis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

13. ellipticus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus et ad Rocky Mountains.

M4. pulicarius. Dej. ibid. Habitat cum priore.

15. granarius. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis austra-

libus.

. ? 1B uli ;

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 395

PANGUS. Ziegler.

1. cali g inosus. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth. Abundat in provinciis

mediis, occidentalibus, et australibus.

HARPALUS. Lat.

il.pennsylvanicus. DeGeer.

bicolor var. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis

australibus.

A sequente, thorace ad basin marginemque subtilius confertis-

sime punctato, impressionibus basalibus vetundior bus profundi-

oribusque, cum margine minus confluentibus, interstitiis elytrorum

4 et 6° punctatis, preecipue versus basin ; corporeque toto sub-

tus ferrugineo-flavo facile distinguendus.

2. bicolor. Fabr. Syst. Eleuth.:. Dej. Sp., Gen. Abundat

ubique.

3: a6. 0. par. Oblongus, niger, nitidus. thorace subquadrato,

marginato, margine Versus basin non dilatato, angulis

posticis subobtusis, levit-r cxplanat:s, denstus subtiliter

punctatis; basalibus latis non projwndis 3 elytris stri-

atis, ad apicem leviter sinuatis, antennis, palpis, man-

dibularum basi, pedibusque ferrugines. Long.

62—-50, lat. 24—.19. Habitat cum priore.

Ad hanc speciem forte referendus est Harpalus faunus De}.

Sp. Gen.; qui a specie Sayo descripta plane differt. Vide Am.

Phil. Trans. Vol..I], N.S

Statura omnino precedentis, cblongus, niger nitidus. Caput

leve, impressionibus frontalibus minutis | unctiformibus, sutura

froutali distincta ; oculis modice prominulis: mandibulee picee,

basi ferrugineee. Anfenne palpique ferruginei. Theraax latitu-

dine paulo brevior, antice leviter emarginatus, angulis anticis

subdeflexis, lateribus u-que ad medium modice rotundatis, dein

rectis, levissime retractis ; basi truncatus, nonuunguom levissime

emarginatus, angulis pusticis obtusis, leviter explanatis, late dense

subtiliter punctatis ; disco subconvexus, tenuiter inarginatus,

396 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

margine versus basin non dilatato; impressione transversa ante-

riore indistincta, angustata, a margine remota, posteriore sub-

recta, nonnunquam obsoleta, linea longitudinali antice abbre-

viata, basalibus latis indistinctis, subtilius dense punctatis.

Elytra thorace non latiora, parallela apice leviter sinuata ; stri-

ata, interstitiis vix convexis; exterioribus ¢ impunctatis, in Q

nonnumquam subtilissime punctatis. Abdomen nonnunquam

medio rufescente ; pedes ferruginei.

A Harpalo bicolore impressionibus frontalibus minoribus, tho-

race tenuius marginato, basi subtilius densius punctato ; impres-

sionibus minus profundis ; elytrorum interstitiis minus conyexis,

exterioribus vix punctatis, satis distinctus videtur.

-erythropus. Dej.Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci.

Pracedente sesqui minor, thorace ad basin minus subtiliter

punctato, elytrisque postice magis sinuatis distinctus.

faunus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S.

badius. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis.

A precedentibus thoracis lateribus fere rectis, parallelisque,

versus basin levissime sinuatis distinctus.

*lon 2 1collis. Oblongus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitu-

dine non breviore, postice leviter angustato, tenuiter

marginato, bast dense punctato, late indistincteqne

impresso; elytris striatis, interstitiis exlernis punc-

tatis, antennis, palpis, pedibusque ferrugineis. Long.

‘55, lat. °19. Habitat NovEboraci minus frequens,

Precedentibus angustior, niger, nitidus. Caput leve ; im-

pressionibus frontalibus punctiformibus ; sutura frontali externa

obsoleta, oculis modice prominulis. Antenne palmque ferru-

ginei. Thorax capite paulo latior, latitudine non brevior, antice

leviter emarginatus, lateribus usque ad medium rotundatis, dein

rectis, modice retractis, basi recte truncatus, angulis posticis

leviter explanatis, obtusis, non rotundatis; disco parum con-

vexus, margine tenui depresso, versus basin evanescente; im-

pressionibus transversis indistinctis, anteriore angulata, linea

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 397

longitudinali postice abbreviata, basalibus parvis, non profundis,

cum angulis posticis dense punctatis. H/ytra thoracis basi

paulo latiora, parallela, apice leviter sinuata, striata, interstitils

modice convexis ; externis usque ad 4t¥™ plus minusve puncti-

culatis, serie punctorum submarginali medio non interrupta.

Pedes ferruginei.

7.spadiceus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

mutabilis. Haldeman Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Vol. I.

(Ophonus.)

Habitat NovEboraci minus frequers. Specimen e Pennsyl-

vania a Dom. Haldeman sub nomine mutabilis benevole missum,

cum alio mihi lecto exacte convenit, sutura frontali excepta, que

minus distincta videtur.

8. erraticus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.: Dej.

Sp. Gen.

9. viridis. Say. ibid.

asstmtlis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ad Newport, pro-

vinci Rhode Island.

10. vulpeculus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II.

N.S.

n ig ripennts. Dej. Sp. Gen, Habitat in provin-

ciis mediis minus frequens.

11. rotundicollis. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. Specimen

unicum prope Long’s Peak, Rocky Mountains, cum

sequente inventum,

12,.amputatus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV.

N.S.

Stephensii. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. TV, Habitat ad

Rocky Mountains. Variat niger nitidissimus, pur-

pureus, viridi-purpureus, vel etiam eneo-viridis,

13. *me gacep halus. Oblongus, nigro-piceus, nitidus, ca-

pite magno, thorace non angustiore, hoc subquadrato,

impressionibus basalibus profundis, leviter punctatis,

398 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

elytris apice viz sinuatis, profunde striatis, intersti-

tiis leviter convexis, antennis, palpis, pedibus, epiple-

urisque ferrugineis. Long. ‘125, lat. *35, Habitat

ad Lacum Superiorem.

Oblongus, nigro-piceus, nitidus. Caput magnum subquadra-

tum, pone oculos vix retractum, leve, impressionibus frontalibus

parvis, foveolaformibus ; sutura frontali distincta. Thorax sub-

quadratus, latitudine paulo brevior, lateribus parum rotundatus,

antice posticeque truncatus, angulis posticis leviter obtusis rotun-

datisque; disco leviter conyexus, tenuiter marginatus; impres-

sione transversa anteriore a margine remota, arcuata; linea

longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, basalibus parvis, pro-

fundis, leviter punctatis; punctis ad angulum extendentibus.

Elytra obscure castanea, parallela, apice non sinuata, profunde

striata; interstitiis leviter convexis, serie submarginali puncto-

rum medio non interrupta. Antenne, palpi, epipleure pedesque

ferruginei.

14. herbivagus. Say. Trans, Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S.

Dej. Sp. Gen.

Habitat ubique. H. erythropum (Dej.) refert; at dimidio

minor, et thorace angulis posticis minus explanatis, subtilius

punctatis, elytrisque apice non sinuatis.

15. * pro ximus. Oblongus, niger, vel nigro-piceus, thorace

quadrato, postice punctato, angulis posticis obtusis,

rotundatis ; wmpressionibus basalibus latis, non pro-

Jundis; elytris apice vix sinuatis, antennis, palpis,

pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. *35, lat. *15. Habitat

ad Lacum Superiorem.

Statura omnino praecedentis, Niger, vel nigro-piceus, sub-

nitidus. Caput levye, impressionibus frontalibus minutis ; sutura

frontali distincta: palpi picei, apice basique ferruginei, antenne

ferruginew. T'horax capite latior, latitudine brevior, subquad-

ratus, antice emarginatus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus

paulo rotundatus, basi truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis, rotun-

datis ; disco postice subplanus, versus angulos posticos subtilius

a Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 399

dense punctatus : impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea

longitudinali indistincta, utrinque paulo abbreviata; basalibus

latis, non profundis. E/ytra opaciuscula, thorace non latiora, et

duplo longiora, apice rotundata, vix sinuata, striata, interstitiis

subconvexis, 3'° unipunctato; serie punctorum submarginali

medio subinterrupta. Pedes ferruginei.

16. pleuriticus. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. Habitat ad

Lacum Superiorem.

Statura fere precedentis ; thorace angulis posticis minus rotun-

datis, mandibulis rubro-piceis, epipleuris, palpisque ferrugineo

flavis sat’ distinctus.

17.* foveicollis. Oblongus, nigro-piceus: thorace sub-

quadrato ; lateribus rotundato, deplanatoque, angulis

posticis rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus, transver-

saque anteriore profundis ; elytris striatis, interstitio

3° unipunctato ; antennis palpis, pedibusque flavis ;

thoracis margine, epipleurisque rufo-piceis. Long.

‘36, lat. 13. Habitat ad fines Aquilones, provincize

Maine: a Dom. Brevoort amice datus.

Statura precedentium 4. Nigro-piceus, nitidus. Caputleve:

impressionibus frontalibus minutis ; sutura frontali vix conspi-

cua: mandibule basi picee. Antenne palpique ferrugineo-

flavi. Thorax capite sesqui latior, latitudine sesqui brevior,

subquadratus, antice leviter emarginatus, angulis anticis rotun-

datis, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis :

disco minus convexus, transversim rugosus, margine depresso

rufo-piceo : impressione transversa anteriore arcuata, valde pro-

funda, linea longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, basalibus

rotundatis, profundis, a margine depresso discretis. Elytra

parallela, apice vix sinuata, striata, interstitiis vix convexis, 3i°

postice unipunctato: epipleure rufo-picezw. Pedes rufo-flavi.

18. * ventralis. Oblongo-ovalis, subdepressus, supra nigro-

piceus nitidus, subtus piceo-ferrugineus ; thorace quad-

rato, lateribus antice rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis,

400 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

impressionibus basalibus linearibus ; elytris tenue-

striatis, interstitiis planis, ore, antennis, pedibusque

rufo-piceis. Long. *35, lat. 15. Habitat prope

Long’s Peak.

Oblongo-ovalis, parallelus, subdepressus : supra nigro piceus.

Caput leve, sutura frontali distincta, impressionibus frontalibus

minutis, ore, antennis, palpisque rufo-piceis. Thorax capite

sesqui latior, latitudine non brevior, quadratus, antice vix emar-

ginatus, lateribus antice rotundatis, postice subrectis, basi trun-

catis, angulis posticis accurate rectis, obsolete explanatis: im-

pressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea longitudinali tenui,

basalibus linearibus, non profundis: E/ytra apice leviter sinu-

ata, striata, striis postice profundioribus, interstitiis planis. Suwd-

tus totus dilute rufo-piceus.

#. Paulo major, subtus niger, antennis, palpis, pedibusque

rufo-piceus. Specimen unicum cum prioribus lectum.

19. *elli ps is. Subdepressus, niger, & nitidus, Q nitidiuscula,

thorace. quadrato, lateribus aqualiter paulo rotunda-

tis, basi truncato; impressionibus basalibus rectis,

brevibus, elytris striatis, interstitiis planiusculis ; an-

tennis palpis, tarsisque rufis. Long. ‘30, lat. °13.

Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi.

Habitus ellipticus, subdepressus Selenophori cujusdam,

Caput \eve, impressionibus froutalibus punctiformibus, sutura

transversa, distincta. Antenne, palpique ferruginei. Thorax

capite sesqui latior, latitudine summa paulo brevior, quadratus,

antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus regulariter paulo rotundatis,

basi obsolete emarginato, angulis posticis fere rectis, paulo rotun-

datis ; impressionibus transversis fere nullis, anteriore angulata ;

linea longitudinali tenuissima utrinque abbreviata, basalibus

rectis, brevibus, linearibus. /yéra thorace non latiora, apice

paulo sinuata, striata, interstitiis planiusculis (in Q accurate

planis) 3'° postice unipunctato, Pedes nigri, tarsis ferrugineis.

z. Antennis articulis 2 basalibus rufis, reliquis fuscis; tarsis

nigro-piceis. Habitat cum priore, et in Louisiana,

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 401

20. nitidulus. Chaud. Ball. de la Soc. Imp. des Nat. de

Moscou. 1841.

Ellipticus, piceus, pernitidus, thorace quadrato,

antice leviter angustato, postice truncato, angulis pos-

ticis obtusiusculis ; impressionibus basalibus brevibus

linearibus ; elytris profunde striatis, inter stitiis leviter

convexis, 3'° unipunctato, stria rudimentali brevi ;

antennis, palpis, pedibusque ferrugineis : palpis apice

non truncatis, fere acutis. Long. *25, lat. 11.

Habitat in provinciis australibus et occidentatibus ; a Dom,

Zimmerman sub nomine amaroides missus.

21.* varicornis. Oblongo-ovalis, niger, nitidus, subdepres-

sus, thorace quadrato, breviusculo, antice subangus-

tato, angulis posticis rectis, leviter explanatis ; vm-

pressionibns basalibus latis, non profundis, subtilius

punctatis ; elytris tenue-striatis, interstitiis leviter

convexis, 3'° unipunctato; antennis nigris, articulo

lly ferrugineo : palpis apice subacutis. Long, 35,

lat. °15. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem.

Oblongo-ovalis, depressus, niger nitidus. Caput leve, im-

pressionibus frontalibus punctiformibus, sutura frontali tenui,

vix distincta; palpi apice non truncati, subacuti; antenne nigre,

articulo 1™° ferrugineo. Thorax capite duplo latior latitudine

summa sesqui brevior, antice subangustatus, lateribus modice

rotundatus, basi recte truncatus, angulis posticis rectis, non

rotundatis, leviter explanatis; impressionibus transversis fere

nullis, linea longitudinali antice abbreviata, tenuissima; basa-

libus latis brevibus, medio fere coéuntibus, ab angulis explana-

tis discretis, non profundis, subtilissime sparse punctatis. Lly-

tra apice paulo sinuata, tenue-striata, interstitiis leviter convexis,

3i0 postice unipunctato: stria rudimentali longa. Pedes nigri.

22. nigerrimus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

nigrita. Mels. MSS. Habitat in Pennsylvania, minus

frequens : a Dom. Melsheimer benevole datus,

402 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

23. *rufimanus. Oblongus, niger nitidus, (Q elytris opa-

ciusculis,) therace subquadrato, angulis posticis sub-

oliusis, leviter explanatis, impressionibus basalibus

profindiusculis, subtiliter punctatis ; elytris striatis,

interstitiis modice convexis, 3'° postice unipunctato ;

antennis, palpis, tarsisque anticis rufo-piceis. Long.

43, lat. -17. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem.

Crassiusculus, oblongus, niger nitidus. Caput leve: impres-

sionibus frontalibus parvis, rotundatis, sutura transversa distine-

ta. Antenne, palpique rufo-picei, bi apice truncati. Thorax

capite sesqui latior, latitudine summa fere duplo brevior, quad-

ratus, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus rotundatus, angulis

posticis obtusis, rotundatis, leviter explanatis ; impressione trans-

versa anteriore distincta, arcuata, linea longitudinali antice ab-

breviata, basalibus retundatis, modice profundis, subtiliter dense

puuctatis. E/ytra thorace non latiora, apice vix sinuata, in Jo

nitida, 2 opaciuscula, striata (profundius in ¢) interstitiis paulo

conyexis, 3'° postice unipunctato, stria rudimentali longa, recta.

Pedes nigri, tarsis anticis rufo-piceis; intermediis ¢ dilatatis,

articulis (sicut in precedentibus) triangularibus.

24. *funestus. Crasstusculus, parallelus, niger nitidus ;

capite majusculo, thorace quadrato, lateribus rotun-

dato, angulis posticis accurate rectis, leviter explana-

tis, impressionibus basalibus parvis, sparse punctatis ;

elytris striatis, interstitiis convixis, 3° untpunctato ;

antennis palpisque obscure piceis, his apice subacutis.

Long. *50, lat. -21. Habitat prope Long’s Peak:

Rocky Mountains.

Crassiusculus, parallelus, niger nitidus. Capzt leve, majus-

culam; impressionibus frontalibus punctiformibus, sutura valde

profunda ; antenne palpique obscure pice, hi apice subacuti,

Thorax capite latior, latitudine summa duplo brevior, quadratus,

lateribus antice modice rotundatis, angulis posticis accurate

vectis, explavatis; disco subconvexus; impressione transyersa

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 403

anteriore arcuata, indistincta, linea longitudinali tenuissima, antice

abbreviata, basalibus parvis, brevibus, sparse punctatis. Elytra

obtusiuscula, apice leyviter sinuata, thorace plus duplo longiora,

striata ; interstitiis modice convexis, 3'° postice unipunctato, stria

rudimentali longa. Pedes nigri: ¢arsi intermedii ¢ parum dila-

tati, subtus tamen papillis serie duplici (sicut in aliis) instructi.

Ad genus sequens transitionem facit hec species anomala.

GEOBENUS. Dej.

Mentvm. dentatum, dente longo, integro.

Pauri apice acutiusculi, non truncati.

Tarst antici $ valde dilatati, articulis subtriangularibus angulis

rotundatis, penultimo sub-bilobato.

intermedit § non dilatati, vel parum dilatati, subtus

papillis solitis serie duplici instructi.

Hasitus oblongus, subdepressus plerisque, rare subcylindrico-

elongatus, Agonoderum fere similans.

Reliquis cum Harpalo congruit.

Species sequentes cum descriptione Dejeaniana (Sp. Gen.

IV.) exacte congruunt. Genus tamen proprium verisimiliter

efformare debent. Nam MM. Audouin and Brullé (Hist. Nat.

des Ins. Tom. II. p. 447,) tarsos anticos ¢ dilatatos, penicello

denso, integro in Geobzeno vestitos esse dicunt, (sicut in Aniso-

dactylis.) Species tamen subtus laudate ad Harpalinos veros

referande sunt: tarsis f dilatatis serie duplici papillarum pen-

nzformium instructis.

1,.autumnalis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N. S.

(Feronia.)

Habitat NovEboraci minus frequens.

2 *arenarius. Depressus, piceus, nitidus: thorace postice

subangustato, angulis posticis obtusis, non rotundatis,

anguste explanatis, impressionibus basalibus linearibus

profundis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis fere planis ; an-

tennis, palpis, epipleuris pedibusque pallide rufo-picets.

404 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Long. *23, lat. "10. Habitat in provinciis orientalibus :

a Dom. Harris, sub nomine Amare arenariz beneyole

datus.

Preecedentem valde refert: colore piceo (non nigro,) thorace

postice impresso, angulis posticis prominulis, explanatis, impres-

sionibus basalibus longioribus, stria rudimentali nulla, intersti-

tiisque elytrorum minus conyexis facile distinctus.

Piceus nitidus. Caput majusculum, obtusum, impressionibus

frontalibus vix conspicuis ; /abrum latum, breve, emarginatum.

Antenne palpique pallide rufo-picei. Thorax capite paulo

latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, quadratus, postice subangustatus,

antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus modice rotundatis, postice

obsolete sinuatis, basi truncatus, oblique ad latera, angulis pos-

ticis obtusis minime rotundatis, anguste deplanatis ; impressione

transversa anteriore arcuata, posteriore valde profunda, arcuata ;

linea longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata: basalibus rectis,

linearibus profundis. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, apice sub-

attenuata, vix sinuata, striata, interstitiis vix convexis, stria rudi-

mentali nulla: epipleura pedesque pallide rufo-picei.

3. atrimedius. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S.

(Feronia.)

similis. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. (Trechus.)

Habitus et statura Agonoderi pallipedis (Fabr.) Specimina

duo ad Evansville, provincie Indianze mense Maio legi.

4.ruficrus. Kirby loc. cit. sup. (Trechus.)

badiipennis. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Soc. Vol. I.

(Stenolophus.)

Thorax in hac specie rotundatus est, postice subangustatus,

angulis posticis rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus latis, sparse

punctatis : elytra striata, stria rudimentali brevissima, interstitiis

planis, 3'° postice unipunctato; antennarum articulo 1™°, palpi,

pedesque rufi; femoribus leviter obscuratis. Cavendum est ne

cum Stenolopho ochropezo (Say.) confundatur; palpis apice

paulo acutioribus, thorace angulis posticis paulo minus rotun-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 405

datis ; elytris interstitiis planioribus, infuscatis, minime coeru-

Jeo-micantibus dignoscatur ; epipleure nigre sunt, postice rufes-

centes, in S. ochropezo omnino rufe.

Habitat in Pennsylvania minus frequens. Specimen unicum

a Dom. Melcheimer benevole datum.

5. *lugubris. Nigro-piceus, nitidus, thorace quadrato, pos-

tice parum angustato, angulis posticis obtusis, rotun-

datis ; elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis convexis,

3" unipunctato: antennarum articulo 1", palpis pe-

dibusque ferrugineis. Long. ‘23, lat.-09. Habitat

ad Lacum Superiorem.

Habitus et affinitas summa Stenolophi ochropezi (Say.)

Oblongus, elongatus, nigro-piceus, nitidus. Caput leve,

sutura frontali nulla, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus, rectis,

profundis, antennarum articulo 1™° palporumque apice ferru-

gineo. Thorax subquadratus, lateribus modice rotundatus, pos-

tice leviter angustatus, basi fere recte truncatus, angulis posticis

obtusis, leviter rotundatis, non explanatis ; impressione trans-

versa anteriore angulata, vix distincta, linea longitudinali pro-

funda, integra; basalibus brevibus profwndis, punctis paucis

subtilibus notatis. Hlytra latiora, profunde striata, interstitiis

convexis, 3'° postice unipunctato, stria rudimentali brevi; serie

punctorum submarginali medio valde interrupta: epipleure

nigro-picee. Pedes rufo-ferruginei.

6. tibialis. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. (Trechus.) Habitat

ad Lacum Superiorem minus frequens.

Precedente minor, crassiusculus, thorace lateribus rotundato,

angulis posticis fere rectis ; impressionibus basalibus rectis, linea-

aribus; elytrorum interstitiis paulo convexis ; antennarum arti-

culo 1™®, palpis, tibiis, tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis.

hy * qua dricollis. Oblongus, depressus, niger nitidus ; tho-

race quadrato, lateribus via rotundato, angulis posticis

accurate rectis, basalibus rectis, linearibus ; elytris stri-

alis, interstitiis planis, 3% unipunctato, anntennarum

406 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

articulo 1"°, palporumque apice piceo-rufis. Long. *22,

lat.:08. Specimen unicum ad Lacum Superiorem

inventum.

Oblongus depressus, niger, nitidus. Caput leve, sutura fron-

tali distincta, impressionibus frontalibus brevibus, profundis ;

antenn@ nigre, articulo 1™° subtus rufo-piceo ; palpi picei, apice

rufi. Thorax capite paulo latior, latitudine vix brevior, quad-

ratus, antice leviter emarginatus, lateribus parum rotundatis, basi

truncatus, oblique ad latera, angulis posticis rectis non rotunda-

tis; impressione transyersa anteriore angulata, distincta; linea

longitudinali integra, profunda ; basalibus rectis, profundis, linea-

ribus. Elytra thorace latiora, apice tenuiter piceo-marginata,

parum sinuata, striata, interstitiis fere planis, 3'° unipunctato ;

stria rudimentali brevi, vix distincta. Pedes nigri, tebi@ basi

pice. .

8. *cordicollis. Nigro-piceus, nitidus, thorace postice leviter

retracto, angulis posticis obtusis, impressionibus basali-

bus nullis ; elytris striatis, stria rudimentali nulla, an-

tennarum arliculo 1°, palporum apice, pedibusque rufis.

Long. ‘20, lat. 07. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem

minus frequens.

Oblongo-elongatus, nigro-piceus, mitidus. Caput leve, sub-

convexum, striis frontalibus brevibus obliquis, sutura vix dis-

tincta. Antenne articulo 1™° rufo-ferrugineo, reliquis brunneis,

obscuris. Palpi rufi, articulo 24°, 3ieque basi piceis. Thorax

capite sesqui latior, latitudine summa paulo brevior. antice trun-

catus, postice leviter rotundatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, pos-

tice retractus, angulis posticis obtusis ; convexus, levis : impres-

sionibus transversis nullis, linea longitudinali tenuissima vix

observanda, basalibus fere nullis. /ytra thorace latiora paral-

lela, apice rotundata, non sinuata, striata, interstitiis leviter con-

vexis; stria rudimentali nulla; epipleure postice rufo-picex,

Subtus nigro-piceus, pedibus rufo-ferrugineis.

9ru pestris. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N. 8S.

(Trechus.)

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 407

elongatulus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Acupalpus.)

flavipes. Kirby.F.B. A. (Trechus.) Abundat ubique.

Colore a rufo, ad piceum, vel etiam nigro-piceum

variat.

Varietas picea, elytris rufo-marginatus, a Sayo (Trans, Am.

Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. N. S.) sub nomine Stenolophi cincti des-

cripta est.

10..* con gener. Elongatus, subdepressus, piceus nitidus :

capite, abdomine, elytrisque obscurtoribus; thorace ovato,

angulis posticis explanatis, impressionibus basalibus

latis, non profundis, obsolete punctatis, elytris striatis,

interstitiis subplanis, antennarum articulis 3, palpis,

epipleuris, pedibusque testaceis. Long. *19, lat. -06.

Habitat ad Rocky Meuntains minus frequens.

Ad hance speciem forte referendus est Acupalpus debilipes

(Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. IV. N.S.) sed insectum ejus

nigrum vel nigro-piceum erat; verisimiliter colore variat.

Statura et summa affinitas precedentis. Elongatus, piceus

nitidus. Caput obscurum, leve, impressionibus frontalibus

obliquis brevibus, sutura distincta. Antenne obscure, articulis 3

basalibus, cum palpis testaceis. Thorax ,capite paulo latior,

latitudine non brevior, rotundato-quadratus, postice parum an-

gustatus, angulis posticis obtusis explanatis, basi leviter rotun-

datus; disco minus convexus, tenuiter marginatus; impressione

transversa anteriore arcuata, linea longitudinali integra, basalibus

latis rotundatis, non profundis, obsolete punctatis. Elytra ob-

scura, striata, stria rudimentali nulla; interstitiis fere planis.

Pedes, cum epipleuris rufo-testacei.

nes lectus. Elongatus, niger nitidus, thorace subquad-

rato, angulis posticis valde rotundatis ; impressionibus

basalibus latis, non profundis, sparse punctatis ; elytris

striatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3° unipunctato ; an-

tennarum articulis 2, palpis, pedibusque pallidis. Long.

‘12, lat. 05. Specimen unicum, ad insulam Macki-

naw legi.

408 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Preecedente duplo minor. Niger nitidus. Caput leve, im-

pressionibus frontalibus obliquis, profundis; palpi pallidi; an-

tenne obscure, articulis 2 basalibus pallidis. oraz latitudine

non brevior, antice vix emarginatus, basi leviter rotundatus, pos-

tice paulo angustatus, lateribus modice rotundatus, angulis

posticis leviter explanatis, valde rotundatis; impressionibus

transversis indistinctis, linea longitudinali profunda, integra, basa-

libus latis, rotundatis, non profundis, cum angulis explanatis

confusis, sparse obsolete punctatis. Elytra parallela, apice

rotundata, non sinuata, profunde striata, interstitiis leviter con-

vexis, 3'° unipunctato, stria rudimentali nulla. Pedes rufo-tes-

tacei, postici rufo-picei, femoribus obscurioribus.

GYNANDROPUS. Dej.

1. hylacis. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S. Vol. IL. (Har-

palus.)

americanus, Dej.Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis

mediis, sub cortice arboruam emortuarum minus fre-

quens.

2 *elon gatus. Angustatus, niger nitidus; thorace basi

punctulato, angulis posticis obtusis, vix rotundatis, levi-

tcr explanatis ; elytris striis 2"¢4, 5t@ et %™4 obsolete

punctatis, antennis, palpis pedibusque rufis. Long. :25,

lat. 09. Habitat in Georgia rarissime.

Precedente angustior, niger nitidus. Caput, antenne palpique

eadem. Thorax latitudine non breyior, antice posticeque trun-

catus, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis leviter explanatis,

obtusis, parum rotundatis ; disco convexus ; impressionibus trans-

versis nullis, linea longitudinali tenui, utrinque abbreviata; foveis

basalibus parvis, punctatis. E/ytra thorace paulo latiora, latitu-

dine fere triplo longiora, parallela, postice modice rotundata,

striata, striis 22da, 5ta et '7ma geriebus punctorum parum distine-

tis ; interstitiis levibus, vix conyexis.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 409

STENOLOPHUS. De}.

§ 1. Tarsi intermedii ¢ anticis minus dilatati, Q mento den-

tato, dente minutissimo, qui sectione solum cernari potest.

1.ochropezus. Say. Trans. Am, Phil. Soc. Vol. IT. N.S.

(Feronia): Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat ubique.

2 *convexicollis. Nigro-piceus, nitidus, thorace subro-

tundato, angulis posticis valde rotundatis, leviter expla-

natis ; impressionibus basalibus sparse punctatis ; elytris

thorace latioribus, striatis, interstitiis convexis, 3* uni-

punctato ; antennarum articulis duobus, palpis, thoracis

elytrorumque margine tenui, pedibusque rufo-testacets.

Long. °21, lat. 07. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

Oblongus, nigro-piceus, nitidus. Caput leve, impressionibus

frontalibus brevibus, obliquis, antenne obscure, articulis duobus

testaceis; palpi testacei. Thorax latitudine non brevior, subro-

tundatus, postice vix angustatus, angulis posticis valde rotun-

datis, leviter explanatis ; disco subconvexus, tenuiter rufo mar-

ginatus; impressionibus transversis nonnunquam vix distinctis,

posteriore paulo profundiore ; linea longitudinali tenui, postice

abbreviata; basalibus latis, non profundis, sparse punctatis.

Elytra thorace latiora, striata: interstitiis convexis, 3'° unipunc-

tato, stria rudimentalilonga. Epipleure, pedesque rufo-testacel.

Precedenti simillimus, at sesqui minor, thorace convexiore

angulis posticis minus explanatis, elytris paulo latioribus distinc-

tus videtur.

§2. Tarsi intermedii valde dilatati, mentum in sexu

utroque edentatum.

3.carbonarius. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Harpalus.) Habitat in

provinciis mediis sat frequens.

Ad hoc genus rite pertinet; est tamen ¢ articulus penulti-

mus tarsorum dilatatorum profunde emarginatus bilobatusque,

sicut in Stenolophis omnibus; mentum quoque edentatum est.

4. dissimilis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis austra-

libus minus frequens: a Dom. Zimmerman. amice

missus.

410 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Cavendum est ne pro Agonodero haberetur ; a quo antennis

longioribus facile dignoscendus.

5. *fusci penn is. Oblongus, niger, nitidus ; elytris piceis,

cyaneo-micaniibus, profunde striatis, interstitiis con-

veuis, 3” unipunctato ; antennarum basi, palpis, thoracis

margine, epipleuris, tibiis tarsisque testacets ; femori-

bus piceis. Long. ‘27, lat.:10. Habitat NovEboraci.

Oblongus, subdepressus, niger nitidus. Capwt leve, impres-

sionibus frontalibus minutis, obliquis; palpi rufo-testacei; an-

tenn@ obscure, articulo 1™° testaceo. Thorax rotundato-quad-

ratus, latitudine vix brevior, lateribus rotundatus, basi leviter

rotundato, angulis posticis valde rotundatis; disco subplanus,

transverse leviter rugosus, tenuiter testaceo marginatus ; impres-

sionibus transversis vix conspicuis, posteriore paulo profundiore ;

linea longitudinali tenui, utrinque abbreviata; basalibus latis

oblongis, non profundis, sparse punctatis. Elytra picea, cyaneo-

micantia, margine tenui rufo-testaceo ; profunde striata, intersti-

tiis modice convexis, 3'° unipunctato, stria rudimentali longa,

recta: epipleura testacee. Femora picea, basi cum tibiis tar-

sisque testacea.

A sequente interstitiis elytrorum convexis satis distinctus.

6. fuliginosus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

versicolor. Kirby, F. B. A. Vol. IV. Habitat in

provinciis mediis et occidentalibus. Variat anten-

narum articulo 1™° supra obscurato.

7. plebejus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique minus fre-

quens.

8. fuscatus. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis mediis, a Dom.

Melsheimer benevole datus.

9 CO nj unctus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S.

(‘Trechus.)

misellus. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Acupalpus.)

rotundicollis. Haldeman Proc. Ac. Nat.Se. Vol.

I. (Acupalpus.)

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 411

Abundat ubique. Variat testaceus, et nigro-piceus: ? hujus

speciei omnino cum Stenolophis typicis congruit. Habitus porro

depressus, Acupalpo alienus, Stenolopho plebejo autem, vel

potius S. fuscato supra laudatis simillimus.

ACUPALPUS. Dej.

TRECHUS. auct. Anglicorum.

MENTUM medio dentatum.

Tarst 3 parum dilatati.

Parr articulo ultimo valde acuminato.

Genus sicut a Dejeanio formatum, valde heterogeneum erat,

formas plures complectens ; mentum in aliis dentatum, in aliis

simplex: tarsi g anteriores in nonnullis valde dilatati (é. g.

misellus,) in nonnullis antici (e. g. elongatus ;) in pluribus tamen

vix dilatati (e. g. speciebus subtus citatis.)

iOS

suturalis. Rufo-piceus nitidus, thorace, elytrorum mar-

gine suturaque dilutioribus, thorace postice subangus-

iato, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis, basi punc-

tato ; elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis convexis, stria

rudimentali longa: antennarum basi, palpis, pedibusque

testaceis. |Long. ‘17, lat. 06. Habitat in Georgia

minus frequens.

Sequente duplo major; rufo-piceus nitidus. Caput leve,

impressionibus frontalibus obliquis, profundis; sutura frontali

valde impressa; puncto verticali notatum; palpi testacei;

antenne rufo picez, articulis 3 testaceis. Thorax rufus, capite

latior, latitudine paulo brevior, quadratus, antice vix emargi-

natus, angulis anticis rotundatis, lateribus rotundatis, postice

paulo angustatus, basi truncatus, oblique ad latera; angulis

posticis obtusis non rotundatis, disco vix convexus, impressione

transversa anteriore satis distincta, arcuata, a margine valde remo-

ta; linea longitudinali integra; basalibus rotundatis, dense punc-

tatis. Hlytra planiuscula parallela, apice rotundata, thorace

paulo latiora, latitudine plus duplo longiora; rufo-picea nitida,

412 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

margine tenui, suturaque rufis ; striata, interstitiis convexis, stria

rudimentali longa recta. Swdtus rufo-piceus, epipleure, pedesque

testacei.

2, testaceus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci.

3. *micros. Dej. Cat. Rufo-testaceus, nitidus ; thorace quad-

rato, postice leviter angustato, angulis posticis valde

rotundatis, antice posticeque grosse punctato, elytris pro-

funde striatis, interstiliis parum convewis, 3° unipunc-

tato. Long. *10, lat. °04. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus, a Dom. Zimmerman sub nomine A. testacei

missus.

Pracedente minor, rufo-testaceus nitidus. Caput subcon-

vexum ,lave, sutura transversa profunda, impressionibus fronta-

libus brevibus, obliquis, profundis. Thorax capite latior, latitu-

dine brevior, subquadratus, postice leviter angustatus; antice

vix emarginatus, lateribus rotundatus, basi medio recte, ad

latera oblique truncatus, angulis posticis fere nullis, valde rotun-

datis ; impressionibus transversis profundis, e serie punctorum

formatis, posteriore profundiore; linea longitudinali integra ;

basalibus rotundatis, non profundis, punctis paucis grossis nota-

tis. Elytra latitudine duplo longiora, apice rotundata, profunde

striata, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3'° unipunctato, stria rudimen-

tali brevissima.

Preecedente minor, thorace postice paulo magis retracto, im-

pressionibus profundioribus, grossius punctatis; interstitiis ely-

tralibus minus planatis, facile distinguendus.

4. humilis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Variat testaceus, capite piceo.

Habitat in provinciis mediis et ad Rocky Moun-

tains.

5 part larius, Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Vol. II. N.S.

(Trechus.)

pauperculus,. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat cum priore.

« elytris piceis, tenue testaceo-marginatis—=consimilis

Dej. Sp. Gen.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 413

6. difficilis. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis austra-

libus.

Subdivisio IV.— Trechini.

Corpus antice angustatum, in plerisque gracile.

CapuT postice nunc non retractum, nunc leviter coarctatum :

antice acutum.

Patri elongati, articulo ultimo conico, apice valde acuto.

Tarsi antici ¢ dilatati.

AEPUS. Leach.

TRECHUS. p. Dej.

Corpus lineare, depressum.

CaprutT magnum, thoracem zquans.

Lasrum quadratum antice paulo emarginatum.

ManpiBuL# porrecte.

MenTuM vix concayvum, medio profunde emarginatum, dente

nullo.

Patri elongati, articulo ultimo conico, acuto, penultimo paulo

longiore, et ei arcte conjuncto, massam fusiformem

formante.

Tarst antici @ articulis 4 modice dilatatis, 1-3'° subquadratis,

4to emarginato, sublunato, subtus spina valida ar-

mato.

intermedii articulis 4 brevibus.

postict articulo 1™° elongato, 5'™™ zequante.

omnes articulis singulis setis longis sparsis termi-

natis.

1.testaceus. Obscure brunneus; antennis, palpis, thorace,

elytrorum sutura apiceque, epipleuris, ano, pedibusque

rufo-testaceis ; elytris profunde striatis, interstitis

converis. Long. ‘16, lat. 05. Habitat in Pennsyl-

vania ad urbem Columbiam: ¢ a Dom. Haldeman

beneyole datus: 9 mihi lecta.

414 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Badister testaceus. LeConte. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Vol. II.

Elongatus, valde depressus, obscure brunneus. Caput mag-

num, latitudine paulo longius, antice subacutum, pone oculos

non coarctatum, lave; impressionibus frontalibus magnis, pro-

fundisque: ore palpisque testaceis. Antenne capite cum

thorace longiores, compress, versus apicem leviter incrassate,

testaceee, articulo 1™° pallidiore. Oculi parvi, non promi-

nuli. Thorax capite non latior, latitudine non brevior, subcor-

datus, antice truncatus, basi medio recte, ad latera oblique

truncatus, pone medium modice angustatus, lateribus prope

basin leviter sinuatis; angulis posticis rectis, prominulis; rufo-

testaceus nitidus; impressionibus transversis distinctis, linea

longitudinali profunda, basalibus subelongatis. Elytra thorace

paulo latiora, latitudine duplo longiora, apice subtruncata, paral-

lela; brunnea, sutura, margine apiceque pallidioribus ; profunde

striata, interstitiis convexis, leviter undulatis, stria rudimentali

brevi, recta.

fEpo fulvescenti (Leach.) Europa similis, moribus tamen

differt ; nam A. fulvescens fere submarinus est, vitam sub lapi-

dibus eestu raro apertis degens.

EPAPHIUS, Leach,

TRECHUS. p. Dej.

Corpus gracile, subconvexum.

CapuT antice valde acutum.

Paxri elongati, articulo ultimo conico, acuto, precedente non

longiore, et ei arcte conjuncto, massam fusiformem

formante.

MenTuM concayum, medio dentatum, dente valido acutoque.

Tans antici @ articulis 2 interne dilatatis, spina brevi ad angu-

lum interiorem munitis, parte dilatata subtus patella

concava elliptica instructa.

Exyrra ovyalia, connata.

1. *micans. Subelongatus, subdepressus, piceus, nitidus ; tho-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 415

race postice angustato, disco bifoveolato, marginato,

linea longitudinali valde profunda ; elytris ovalibus,

cyaneo-micantibus, striatis, strus punctatis, externis

obsoletis, interstitio 3*° bipunctato; antennis, palpis

pedibusque pallidioribus. Long.*16, lat.-07. Habitat

ad Lapointe Lacus Superioris.

Obscure rufo-piceus, pernitidus; setis longis paucis orna-

tus. Caput subtiliter granulatum, pone oculos leviter trans-

verse impressum, impressionibus frontalibus longis, curvatis.

Oculi majusculi, prominuli. Antenne dilute rufo-picee ; palpi

testacei. Thorax capite latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, cor-

dato-subquadratus, postice paulo retractus ; apice paulo emar-

ginatus, basi truneatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, angulis

posticis obtusis non rotundatis : disco parum convexus, utrinque

ante medium foveolatus ; margine depresso reflexoque postice

ambiente ; impressionibus transversis profundis, anteriore sub-

angulata, linea longitudinali profunda, antice paulo abbreviata,

basalibus parvis, rotundatis. Elytra maculis utrinque duabus

magnis obscuris valde obsoletis ; ovalia, apice rotundata, cyaneo-

micantia; striato-punctata, striis externis obsoletis; 1™@ ad

apicem recurvata exarataque, stria submarginali exarata, pone

medium antice abbreviata; interstitio 3'° punctis 2 impressis,

alteroque ad apicem. Subtus rufo-piceus ; pedes pallidiores.

.*fulvus. Fulvo-testaceus, capite antennisque obscurioribus ;

thorace quadrato, postice parum angustato, margine

reflexo ; elytris ovalibus, striatis, striis punctatis, ex-

ternis obsoletis ; interstitio 3° bipunctato. Long.*16,

lat. -07. Habitat cum priore.

Habitus fere precedentis, at paulo latior. Fulvo-testaceus,

nitidus; caput rufo-piceum, pone oculos transversim leviter

impressum, impressionibus frontalibus longis, curvatis; oculi

prominuli. Antenne obscure testacee. Thorax capite latior,

latitudine sesqui brevior, subquadratus, postice vix retractus,

antice parum angustatus, postice truncatus, angulis posticis ob-

416 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

—"

tusis non rotundatis; disco parum convexus, margine depresso

reflexoque, postice ambiente; impressionibus transversis pro-

fundis, linea longitudinali antice abbreviata, profunda, basa-

libus parvis, rotundatis. lytra ovalia, striato-punctata, striis

externis obsoletis; 1™* ad apicem recurvata, exarataque, 2nda

leviter sinuata, submarginali exarata, antice valde abbreviata ;

interstitio 3'° bipunctato, punctoque altero ad apicem.

ANOPHTHALMUS. Sturm.

.Tellkam p fii. Erichson, Miller Archiv. far Anat. and

Physiol. 1841. p. 384.

Habitat ad speluncam giganteam (Mammoth Cave)

provincie Kentucky: a Dom. Dr. Tellkampf bene-

vole datus.

LACHNOPHORUS. Dej.

. pubescens. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus minus frequens.

SPECIES MIHI INVISZ.

EKuryderus? grossus. Say. Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc. N.S. Vol. IV. (Amara.) Ha-

bitat in Territorio Caurino, (N. W.

Terr.)

Anisodactylus tristis. Dej.Sp.Gen. /

?melanopus. Hald. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se.

Vol. I. (Harpalus.)

¢paradoxus. Hald. ibid. Habitat in

Pennsylvania.

Selenophorus fossulatus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

Beauvoisii. Dej. ibid.

ips 4

“apie Batis, ah

alts

ee ay

ane) 2 iy oo

- Pag he

‘ a Te he ane

oh Fae ae ‘*- unt wih vue ah : a ae a y

7 : ; i st . 2

ae as % . Td i. wee eS exit é ree ‘ fos ao

a ; fea ; ’ ; ; 4 an

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 417

Harpalus maculicornis. Chaud. Bull. de Moscou.

1841. :

iripennis. Say. T. A. P. Sey,

-dulcicollis. Ferté. Rev. Zool. 1841, ¢

Texas.

basilaris. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. .

ochropus. Kirby. ibid.

longior. Kirby. ibid.

opacipennis. Hald. Proc, he IN: 0s, 12

301. (herbivago similis sed differt.)

ae See spretus, Dej. Sp. Gen.

Acupalpus lugubris. Hald. Proc. Ac. N. Se. I. 301.

Divisio 3.—Cklanidea.

Patellimanes.—Latr. De}.

Sarrothropoda.—Kirby.

Subdiv. 1. Licinini.

CaruT antice valde obtusum,

Lasrum profunde emarginatum.

MentTum edentatum.

BADISTER. Clairville.

AMBLYCHUS. Gyll.

1. notatus. Hald. Proc. A. N.S. Vel. I.

terminalis, LeC. ibid. Vol. Il.

Niger, thorace quadrato, latitudine longiore, postice

leviter retracto, angulis posticis obtusis, impressionibus

basalibus profundis, elytris profunde striatis, inter-

stitiis convexis; fuscis, versus basin rufescentebus ;

antennarum bast, palpis, pedibusque testaceis. Long.

‘18, lat. 06. Habitat NovEboraci (Wilcox), in

Pennsylvania (Haldeman), et ad Rocky Mountains

minus frequens.

418 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

29 micans. Le C. Proc. A. N.S. Vol. II. it

Niger, cvruleo micans ; thorace cordato, latitudine

breviore, margine versus basin late depresso, angulis

posticis obtusis, subrotundatis ; elytris tenuiter stri-

atis ; interstitio 3% punctis 2; palporum apice et

basi, epipleuris, pedibusque pallide piceis, Long. +24,

lat. 09. Specimen unum (Q) in Georgia inventum,

alterumque (g) ad Long’s Peak.

3, * pu Ichellus. Rufo-testaceus, nitidus ; capite, elytrorum

macula marginali ad medium, alteraque apicali,

abdomineque nigris. Long. *20, lat. ‘08. Habitat

ad Evansville Indianz, et in provinciis orientalibus.

Rufo-testaceus pernitidus. Caput nigrum, leve, puncto

utrinque ad oculorum marginem. Antenne obscure, articulis 3

pallidis: palpi pallidi, articulo ultimo piceo. Thorax latitudine

brevior, postice leviter retractus, lateribus rotundatus, basi

leviter emarginatus, angulis posticis obtusis valde rotundatis ;

disco leviter convexus, margine versus angulos posticos de-

presso; impressionibus transversis vix distinctis, linea longitu-

dinali profunda integra, basalibus rectis, brevibus, profundis.

Elytra thorace latiora, striata, interstitiis planis, 3'° bipunctato ;

rufa, macula magna marginali ad medium, suturam fere attin-

gente, alteraque obliqua apicali nigris. Postpectus, abdomenque

nigra.

REMBUS. Latr.

DIPLOCHEILA. Brullé. '

Rembo (Germ.) Curculionidum genere, ab entomologis pluri-

mis illustrissimis in usum non adhibito, nomen Latreillianum

restitui, heey

1. *m aj or. Niger nitidus, thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore,

lateribus obsolete sinuatis, basi utrinque striato; ely-

tris striatis punctoque impresso; stria 7™* obsoleta,

Long. ‘75, lat. *32, Abundat ad urbes Detroit, et

NovAurelianum.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 419

Niger nitidus; caput impressionibus frontalibus latis, pro-

fundis. Thorax latitudine plus sesqui brevior, apice leviter

emarginatus, antice paulo angustatus, lateribus ante medium

rotundatis, pone medium obsolete sinuatis ; basi medio leviter

emarginata, utrinque oblique truncata, angulis posticis fere

rectis, leviter depressis: linea longitudinali utrinque abbreyiata,

impressionibus basalibus rectis, profundis. E/ytra thorace

latiora (thoracis latitudine summa a margine ad elytri alterius

striam 4tam extendente); striata, striis versus basin obsolete

punctatis, 7™* obliterata ; interstitio 3° unipunctato.

R. impressicolli simillimus; statura triplo majore, thorace

latiore lateribus obsolete sinuatis, elytrorumque stria 7™2 oblite-

rata distinctus.

2.*laticollis. Niger nitidus, thorace latitudine fere duplo

breviore, antice retracto, basi utringue profunde

striato, elytris striatis, punctoque impresso. Long.

‘57, lat. 25, Abundat ad Syracusas NovEboraci.

Niger nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus longiusculis

modice prefundis ; labrum acute incisum. Thorax latitudine

plus sesqui (fere duplo) breyior, apice parum emarginato, antice

valde angustate, lateribus valde rotundatis, pone medium rectis ;

basi medio leviter emarginata, utrinque oblique truncata, angulis

posticis obtusis non rotundatis; disco tenuter marginatus, vix

convexus, versus angulos posticos depressus ; impressionibus

transversis indistinctis, linea longitudmali_utrinque abbreviata,

basalibus rectis profundis. _E/wra thorace paulo latiora

(thoracis latitudine summa a margine ad striam 5tam elytri

alterius extendente); striata (ievius in Q) stria 7™4 obliterata,

interstitio 3!° unipunctato.

3. impressicollis. Niger nitidus, thorace latitudine sesqui

breviore, lateribus paulo rotundato, postice leviter

angustato, elytris striato-punctatis, punctoque im-

presso. Long. ‘57, lat. 24.

R. impressicollis? Dej. Sp. Gen. V.

R. striato-punctatus LeC. Proc. A. N.S. Vol, II.

420 Catalogne of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Cam descriptione Dejeaniana omnino quadrat, excepto thorace

postice leviter angustato : precedentibus angustior. )

Niger nitidus; caput impressionibus frontalibus profundis,

latis; labrum profunde incisum, medio impressum. Thorax

latitudine sesqui brevior, antice parum angustatus, lateribus

rotundatis, pone medium rectis, leviter retractis, basi medio vix

emarginata, utrinque magis oblique truncata, angulis posticis

obtusis non rotundatis; disco vix convexus, distinctius margin-

atus, versus angulos pesticos depressus; linea Jongitudinali

utrinque abbreviata, impressionibus transversis paulo distinctis ;

basalibus rectis, valde profundis. Elytra thorace latiora (tho-

racis latitudine summa a margine ad striam 3/@™ elytri alterius

extendente) striata, striis punctatis, interstitio 3° unipunctato.

4. assimilis. LeC,. loc. cit. Niger nitidus, thorace latitudine

sesqui breviore, lateribus paulo rotundatis, basi utrin-

gue striatos elytris profundius striatis, punctoque

impresso. - Long. *45, lat. :20. Habitat NovEboraci,

et in Georgia minus frequens.

Niger nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus brevibus

profundis.. Thorax latitudine sesqui brevior, apice, leviter

emarginatus, antice parum angustatus, lateribus leyiter rotun-

datis, pone medium fere rectis, basi medio fere truncata,

utrinque minus oblique truncata, angalis posticis rectis; disco

vix convexus, versus angulos posticos leviter depressus; linea

longitudinali antice, lever abbreviata, impressionibus transversis

vix distinctis, basalibus yalde profundis, alteraque externa

parva valde indistincta, H/ytra thorace paulo latiora, (thoracis

Jatitudine snmma ad striam 5 extendente) paulo profundius

striata, stria rudimentali brevi ad basin; striis versus basin leviter

punctatis.

5. *obtusus. Niger nitidus, thorace antice angustato, basi

utrinque striato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis ;

elytris striatis, puncto nullo. Long, 44, lat. *18.

Habitat ad Longs’s Peak.

Ab omnibus pracedentibus thorace minus depresso, impress-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 421

ionibus transyersis distinctioribus, angulis posticis rotundatis ;

elytrorumque interstitio 3i° impunctato dignoscendus.,

Niger uitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus parvis, vix

distinctis. Thorax latitudine sesqui brevior, antice leviter

angustatus, apice: parum emarginatus, lateribus rotundatus, pre-

cipue ante medium, basi medio leviter emarginata, utrinque vix

oblique truncata, angulis posticis leviter rotundatis: disco

tenuiter marginatus, modice convexus, margine pone medium

et versus angulos posticos leviter depresso; linea longitudinali

tenui antice abbreviata; impressione anteriore angulata, post-

_ eriore recta; basalibus profundis, breviusculis. H/ytra thorace

paulo latiora, striis omnino levibus, interstitiis planatis, 3'° im-

punctato ; stria rudimentali ad basin nulla.

DIGZLUS, Bon.

( levia, §1.

; costis alternatim subcarinatis, §2.

violacea, | . : 5

| | costis equaliter rotundatis, §3.

< g | , f irregulariter interruptis, §4.

| E } So 2 alternatim latioribus, §5.

D SS ,

| eas F thorace quadrato, $6.

oS equalibus, { :

| thorace postice retracto, §7

§1..Elytris levibus.

*levi penn 1s. Niger obscure violaceus, thorace antice

valde angustato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris tenuiter

punctato-striatis, carina humerali ad trientem abbre-

wiata. Long. *7, lat. .31. Habitat ad flumen Platte,

prope rupem caminatam (Chimney).

Ellipticus, depressus, niger obscure violaceus. Caput.minus-

culum, antice subacutum, leviter rugosum, impressionibus fron-

talibus modice profundis. Thorax basi capite triplo latior,

latitudine sesqui brevior, apice profunde rotundato-emarginatus,

basi sinuato-emarginatus, antice valde angustatus, lateribus

rotundatis ; subtiliter rugosus; linea longitudinali fere integra,

impressione transyersa anteriore vix distincta, posteriore pro-

funda, sinuata, medio angulata, ramo utrinque recto ad angulum

422 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

posteriorem extendente; basalibus brevibus, leviter: sinuatis,

ad basin extendentibus; lateribus late depressis, impressione

laterali arcuata cum posteriore transversa connexa, pone medium

subduplicata; margine incrassato, elevatoque. Elytra thorace

vix latiora, postice rotundata, margine reflexo, carina humerali

valde acuta, ad trientem abbreviata: minus convexa, nitidiu-

scula, lineis punctorum snbtilium versus suturam distinctioribus.

Subtus nigro-violaceus.

§2. Costis alternatim subearinatis. __

2. *quadratus. Dej. Cat. Obdlongus latus, depressus, niger

violaceo trroratus ; thorace antice angustato, lateribus

rotundatis, elytris striatis, interstitiis 3°, 5 7™°que

dorso subacutis. Long. *96, lat. *4. Habitat in

Georgia minus frequens.

Oblongo-ellipticus, latus, depressus, niger violaceo-irroratus.

Caput magnum obtusum, leve, vix nitidum; impressionibus

frontalibus latis, non profundis. Thorax basi capite vix duplo

latior, apice modice rotundato-emarginatus, basi utrinque subito

parum incisa, parte mediana levissime rotundato-emarginata ;

antice angustatus, lateribus rotundatus, angulis posticis rectis,

levissime rotundatis; disco vix convexus, obsolete’ rugosus ;

linea longitudinali fere integra, impressionibus transversis dis-

—tinctis, sed non acute impressis, anteriore a margine remota,

utringue obtuse angulata, posteriore medio leviter angulata,

ramo utrinque coneavo ad angulum extendente; basalibus lon-

gis sinuatis, ad basin extendentibus, antice arcuatim prolon-

gatis, impressioni Jaterali parallelis; lateribus valde depressis,

impressione laterali arcuata, ante medium lateribus parallela,

pone medium inflexa cum impressione transversa posteriore

connexa, margine incrassato, elevatoque. Elytra thorace’vix

latiora, postice rotundata, levissime acuminata, margine reflexo ;

minus convexa, profunde striata, striis punctatis, sutura inter-

stitiisque 3'°, 5te, et 7@9 magis elevatis, dorso acutiusculis, hoc

carina humerali acuta, gradatim evanescenté; interstitio 6to

puuctis paueis ad basin. Subtuas niger, vix violaceus.

i Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 423

§3. Violacei, costis zqualiter rotundatis.

3. *decoloratus. Meer viz violaceus, thorace antice an-

gustato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris aureo-decoloratis,

striatis. Long, 1:07, lat. °43. Specimen unicum a

Texas, Dom. Dr. Engelman amice datum.

Reliquis major, forma vero D. splendido simillimus. Caput

magnum, nigrum, subnitidum, obsolete rugosum, impressionibus

frontalibus latis non profundis. Thorax basi capite duplo latior,

latitudine fere duplo brevior, apice rotundato-emarginatus, basi

subsubito paulo incisus, parte mediana leviter emarginata; apice

angustatus, lateribus ante medium rotundatis, dein rectis, angulis

posticis rectis, vix rotundatis ; linea longitudinali levi, utrinque

abbreviata, impressione transversa anteriore a margine remota,

distincta, posteriore profunda, medio angulata, ramo concavo

minus profundo ad angulum; basalibus profundis, granulato-

rugosis, antice oblique prolongatis, ante medium extendentibus,

extrorsum concavis; lateribus depressis, quam in sequente an-

gustioribus, concavioribus, impressione laterali minus curvata ;

margine incrassato, paulo magis elevato; impressione parva

prope angulum posticum concava, introrsum cum impressione

transversa posteriore valde distincte arcuatim conjuncta. Elytra

thorace vix latiora, postice rotundata, dorso pone medium modice

convexa; aureo-decolorata, margine reflexo obscuriore; striata

striis fere levibus, interstitiis 5'° 6'que punctis paucis ad basin:

carina humerali acuta, gradatim evanescente. Subtus niger,

vix violaceus.

Ozss.—D. splendido plus duplo major, thorace angulis anticis

paulo minus acutis, margine minus late depresso, impressione

transyersa posteriore ramo’ad angulum minus profundo, im-

pressione externa cum posteriore transversa profundius connexa,

carinaque humerali minus prolongata, necnon colore elytrorum

decolorato distinctus videtur.

4, splendidus. Say. Am. Ent. pl. 24. Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc. Vol. IL.

Oblongus niger violaceo-irroratus, thorace antice

424 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

angustato, lateribus rotundato, elytris cupreo-nitidis,

margine subcyaneo. Long. ‘8, lat. 32. Habitat ad

; flumen Platte infra furcationem, sat frequens.

Latus, oblongus, modice depressus. Caput magnum, nigrum,

subtiliter rugosum, impressiontbué frontalibus latis, non pro-

fundis. Antenne palpique nigri. Thorax basi capite paulo

plus duplo latior, latitudine plus sesqui brevior, antice angus-

tatus; lateribus ante medium rotundatis, apice profunde rotun-

dato-emarginatus, angulis posticis rectis, vix rotundatis; disco

subrugosus, violaceo-irroratus ; linea longitudinali fere integra,

impressione transyersa anteriore a margine remota, posteriore

profunda, sinuata, ramo ad angulum profundo minus concayo ;

basalibus modice profundis, sinuatis antice ad medium oblique

prolongatis, lateribus late depressis, impressione laterali arcuata

pone medium incurvata; impressione parva prope angulum

posteriorem concava, introrsum cum impressione transversa vix

connexa; margine incrassato,-elevato. Elytra thorace vix

latiora, postice rotundata, dorso pone medium conyexiuscula,

cupreo-splendida, margine reflexo cyaneo; profunde striata,

striis obsolete punctatis, interstitiis convexis,' 5t¢ 6t¢que basi

punctis paucis; carina humerali acuta magis elevata, gradatim

evanescente. Subtus niger, epipleuris violaceis.

Oss.—Specimen unicum a Dom. Wilcox in provincia Illinois

lectum, et amicissime datum sesqui majus, elytris aureo-micant-

ibus, planioribus, postice multo minus convexis, striis distinctius

punctatis. An varietas, an revera species distincta ?

.chalybeus. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat in provinciis austral-

ibus sat frequens, in provinciis mediis rarissimus.

Long. 1:03, lat. :4. Thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, antice

angustato, lateribus modice rotundatis, angulis posticis levissime

obtusis subrotundatis distinctus; elytris in g Pete obsolete

acuminatus.

*confusus. Obscure violaceus, thorace antice angustato,

lateribus rotundato, postice vix distincte retracto ; elytris

parallelis, apice rotundatis. Long. 1:00, lat. *38.

Specimen unicum in Georgia lectum.

Cataloguc of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 425

Precedenti simillimus, colore obscuriore, formaque magis

parallela. Antenne fusce, basi picee. Thoraz latitudine fere

duplo brevior, antice magis angustatus, lateribus ante medium

magis rotundatis, pone medium levissime retractis, obsoleteque

sinuatis, angulis posticis rectis, minus rotundatis ; impressionibus

omnibus sicut in D. chalybeo, (vide Dej. Sp. Gen.) Elytra

magis parallela, apice rotundata, profunde striata, striis impunc-

tatis, interstitiis modice convexis, sicut in D. chalybeo, dorso

alternatim paulo acutioribus.

. violaceus. Say. Am. Ent. pl. 24: ? Trans. Am. Phil.

Soe. II.

? Bonelli Mem. de 1’ Acad. Turin. V.

cyaneus? Dej. Sp.Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis et

occidentalibus minus frequens.

Long. 1:00—87, lat. :37—:32. D. chalybeo angustior et par-

allelior, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, antice parum angus-

tato, apice profunde rotundato-emarginato, lateribus antice

paulo rotundatis, pone medium obsoletissime sinuatis, angulis

posticis rectis, vix rotundatis; disco nitidiusculo, vix rugoso,

impressionibus sicut in D. chalybeo; lateribus angustius de-

pressis, magis reflexis, impressione laterali antice Jlateribus

parallela. Hlytra parallela, apice rotundata, postice leviter

convexa, striata, interstitiis equaliter dorso obsolete acutis;

striis nonnunquam obsoletissime punctatis.

.purpuratus. Bonelli. loc. cit.

1 Say. Trans. Am. Ph. S. II.

violaceus. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. 684.

Habitat in provinciis australibus. Descriptio Bonelliana,

‘thorace transyerso, corpore abbreviato, dilatato’ ad hanc

speciem plane refert.

Long. 1-11, lat. 43. Thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore,

antice vix angustato, lateribus parum rotundato, apice minus

profunde emarginato facile distinctus ; marginibus late depressis,

impressionibus sicut in D. chalybeo; elytris depressiusculis,

426 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

apice rotundatis, striatis, interstitiis dorso alternatim paulo

acutioribus. ae

9. *irlicolor. Angustior lete violaceus, thorace obsolete viridi-

micante, antice leviter angustato, lateribus paulo rotun-

datis, angulis posticis leviter rotundatis. Long. ‘87,

Jat. ‘32. Habitat ad urbem St. Louis: a Dom.

Engelman benevole datus.

D. chalybeo minor et angustior, letius violaceus. Caput vio-

laceum, impressionibus frontalibus latis non profundis. Antenne

apice fusce. Thorax basi capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui

brevior, apice profunde rotundato-emarginatus, antice modice

angustatus, lateribus regulariter rotundatus, basi medio late

incisa, angulis posticis leviter obtusis, rotundatis; impression-

ibus quam in D, chalybeo minus profundis, lateribus angustius

depressis, magis reflexis, disco medio magis convexo. LElytra

magis parallela, striata interstitiis dorso alternatim paulo acutior-

ibus; striis externis obsolete punctatis.

§4. Costis irregulariter interruptis.

10. scul pt ilis. Say. Trans, A. P. S. II. Am. Ent. pl. 24.

Habitat in provinciis occidentalibus, et in Territorio

Missouriensi; rarissime in Pennsylvania ad montes.

§5. Costis alternatim latioribus.

11. carinatus. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. Habitat in provinciis

australibus minus frequens.

12. alternans. Dej. ibid. Habitat eum priore.

§6. Nigri, thorace quadrato, elytris costis zequalibus.

is. Dejeanii. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. Habitat in provinciis

australibus minus frequens, a Dom Haldeman bene-

vole datus. Sequenti simillimus, sed major, thorace

breviore, antice magis angustato, lateribus ante me-

dium multo magis rotundato, impressione laterali

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 427

multo magis arcuata: elytris thorace fere sesqui

latioribus. distinctus.

14. dilatatus. Say. Tr. A. P.S. IL; Am. Ent. pl. 24. Ha-

bitat in provinciis mediis et australibus minus

-frequens. Long. °93, lat.-35. A preecedente statura mi-

nore, elytrisque thorace parum latioribus distinguen-

dus; thorace antice leviter angustato, lateribus, levi-

ter rotundatis,

15. *p lanicollis. Ovatus, latus, niger, opacus: thorace

; antice angustato, lateribus vix rotundato, fere plano:

elytris striatis carina humerali valde abbreviata,

Long. °95, lat. 42. Specimen unicum in Georgia ad

montes a Dom. Ludoy. LeConte lectum et benevole

missum.

Precedente major, et thorace planiusculo, lateribus vix rotun-

dato facile cognoscendus.

Ovatus, latus, niger, opacus. Capwt antice subacutum, mandi-

bulis longiusculis acutis, impressionibus frontalibus latis, rugo-

sis. Thorax quadratus, apice leviter rotundato-emarginatus,

antice leviter angustatus, lateribus vix rotundatus, basi medio

late minus profunde emarginatus, angulis posticis rectis, paulo

rotundatis ; subrugosus, fere planus; impressionibus transyersis

distinetis, sed non profundis; posteriore sinuato, ramo valde

arcuato ad angulum; basalibus brevibus introrsum leviter obliquis,

lateribus depressis, margine magis incrassato, elevato; impres-

sione laterali minus profunda, antice lateribus sub-parallela,

pone medium incurvata, cum impressione posteriore obsolete

connexa. E/lytra thorace paulo latiora ovalia, postice non dila-

tata, apice rotundata, dorso planiuscula, postice leviter convexa,

striata, strlis impunctatis, interstitiis parum conyexis, basi sparse

punctatis, carina humerali valde abbreviata.

16. *ovalis. Ellipticus, latus, niger, subopacus, thorace an-

tice subangustato, lateribus leviter rotundato, margine

magis reflexo; elytris striatis carina humerali ad

428 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

medium extendente. Long. ‘7—62, lat. °3—25. Ha-

bitat ubique minus frequens.

Ellipticus, latus, niger, subopacus. Caput subelongatum, an-

tice acutum, transverse rugosum, obsoletissime ruguse-punctatum,

impressionibus frontalibus profundis. Antenne versus apicem

fuscescentes. Thorax basi capite duplo latior, latitudine fere

sesqui brevior, apice profunde rotundato-emarginatus, angulis

anticis acutis; antice leviter angustatus, lateribus leviter rotunda-

tus, basi medio late subito paulo incisa, angulis posticis rectis

rotundatis: disco minus convexus, transversim leviter rugosus,

obsoletissime rugose-punctatus ; linea longitudinali fere integra,

impressionibus transversis indisdinctis, anteriore arcuata, poste-

riore vix angulata, ramo ad angulum minus profundo ; basalibus

modicis, ad medium non extendentibus introrsum leviter obliquis,

margine depresso, distinctius reflexo, antice fere evanescente ;

impressione laterali satis profunda, postice non incurvata, cum

ramo obliquo conjuncta. Elytra thorace vix latiora, postice non

dilatata, apice rotundata (¢ paulo angustata) pone medium con-

vexa, striata, interstitiis minus convexis, 5t°, 6te que basi striola

abbreviata: carina humerali acuta, paulo pone medium evanes-

cente.

17. ambiguus. Ferté. Rey. Zool. 1841: Dej. Cat. Sub-

elongalus, niger, parum nitidus, thorace antice leviter

angustato, lateribus paulo rotundato, margine tenut an-

tice ambiente; elytris striatis, carina humerali pone

medium extendente, Long. *75, lat. -29. Habitat in

provinciis australibus. eis

D. obscuro simillimus ; paulo latior, et minus opacus : thorace

paulo breviore, antice minus angustato, angulis posticis magis

rotundatis, angulis anticis minus acutis margine tenui ambiente,

distinctus.

Subelongatus, niger, parum nitidus. _Capuwt minusculum, im-

pressiovibus frontalibus latis, non profundis, obsolete rugosum,

longitudinaliter subtilissime rugose punctatum. Antenne apice

fuse. Thorax basi capite plus duplo latior, latitudine non ses-

gui brevior, apice profunde emarginatus, emarginatione basi fere

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 429

Tecta, angulis auticis acutis leviter rotundatis margine tenui am-

biente ; antice angustatus, Jateribus rotundatus, basi medio subito

late incisa, angulis posticis rectis modice rotundatis; disco yix

convexus ; linea longitudinali tenui fere integra, impressionibus

transversis indistinctis, posteriore ramo ad angulum concavo,

basalibus sat elongatis, introrsum leviter obliquis ; lateribus angus-

tius minus subito depressis, impressione laterali antice cum mar-

gine parallela, pone medium incurvata, duplicata; margine tenui

elevato nitido. Elytra thorace yix latiora, apice subacuminata

(magis in ') pone medium leviter convexa, striata interstitiis, mo-

dice convexis, eequaliter rotundatis, carina humerali valde acuta,

pone medium eyanescente.

Ozs.—Specimina ad Rocky Mountains obtinui sesqui minora,

thorace paulo planiore, margine minus reflexo, impressione late-

rali minus incurvata. An speeies distincta 4

1s. opacus? Ferté. Rev. Zool. 1841, Long. -73, lat. -27.

Preecedenti simillimus ; thorax latitudine vix brevior,

antice minus angustatus, lateribus ante medium minus

rotundatis, pone medium obsoletissime sinuatis, im-

pressione laterali profundiore postice leviter sinuata,

lateribus magis reflexis. A sequente corpore minus

opaco, thorace antice multo minus angustato, lateri-

busque postice sinuatis distinctus. Specimen unicum

in Alabama lectum a Dom. Haldeman beneyole

datum.

11. *obscurus. Elongatus, nigro-opacus, thorace antice

angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis anticis valde

aculis, margine non ambiente ; elyiris striatis, intersti-

liis minus convexis, dorso alfernatim obsolete acutiortbus :

carina humerali ad medium evanescente. Long. *7, lat.

‘26. Habitat in provinciis australibus.

D. simplex LeC. MSS,

Forma.thoracis a preecedentibus duobus satis distinctus ; late-

ribus (sicut in D. opaco) distinctius reflexis, impressione laterali

profundiore, et non sinuato. Caput paulo latius et minus elgn-

430 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

gatum. A sequente thorace longiore, antice ad latera minus ro-

tundato, coloreque obscuriore dignoscendus.

20. simplex. Dej. Sp. Gen. Subelongatus, niger subopacus,

thorace latitudine fere sesqui breviore, antice angustato,

lateribus rotundato, elytris striatis, interstitiis equaliter

parum rotundatis. Long. *69, lat. -25. Habitat in

provinciis mediis.

Statura preecedentis, minus opacus: thorace breviore, lateribus

antice magis rotundatis, angulis posticis levissime obtusis, paulo

rotundatis, impressione transversa posteriore profunda, medio

angulata, impressione laterali antice margini magis approximata,

postice subsinuata, ad basin ipsam extendente; elytris striatis,

interstitiis equaliter parum rotundatis.

21. elon gatus. Bonelli. loc. cit: Say. Trans. A. P.S. IT:

De}. Sp. Gen.

fu rvus. Mels. Cat. (non Dej.Sp. Gen.) Hab. in provin-

ciis mediis sat frequens. Long. 65, lat. +23.

Precedente angustior et nitidior, forma thoracis D. ambiguum

refert; angulis anticis acutioribus, marginibusque magis reflexis

facile distinctus; impressio lateralis profunda est, et lateribus

fere parallela.

oo, “reflexus. wlongatus, niger nitidiusculus, thorace antice

non angustalo, pone medium lateribus subsinuato, mar-

gine lato valde reflexo. Long.°8, lat.°30. Habitat ad

Columbiam Pensylvanie.

Elongatus, parallelus, niger nitidiusculus. Caput magnum

obtusum, impressionibus profundis. Thorax basi capite sesqui

latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice vix conspicue angustatus,

apice late emarginatus, lateribus vix rotundatis, pone medium

obsolete sinuatis, basi medio late emarginata, utrinque leviter

oblique truncata, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; disco vix con-

vexus, leviter rugosus; linea longitudinali profunda subintegra,

impressionibus transversis profundis, posteriore medio leviter

angulata, ramo ad angulum concavo, distincto; basalibus leviter

obliquis, profundis, ad medium yix extendentibus ; laterali furti-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 431

ter impressa, margini parallela, lateribus late depressis, fortiter

reflexis. Elytra parallela postice paulo convexa, apice rotundato-

acuminata, striata, interstitlis equaliter paulo rotundatis, 6° basi

punctis paucis; carina humerali valde acuta, ante medium evan-

escente.

23. politus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in proyinciis mediis.

Ab amico meo Wilcox certior factus sum, insectum

hoc, sub nomine Leonardi a Dom. Harris vulgatum

fuisse. Nescio tamen in quo libro, nisi in ‘nxewspa-

per’ quodam ‘ Agricola Noy-Angliz’ dicto, libro ad

scientiam profano et vili.

§ 7. Thorace leviter cordato, postice retracto.

24. teter. Bonelli loc. cit: Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat Nov-

Eboraci.

Subdiv. 2.—Chleniini.

CaruT antice subacutum.

Lasrum submarginatum, raro profunde incisum.

Mentum dentatum.

OODES. Bonelli.

l.americanus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis aus-

tralibus minus frequens,

2, picipes. LeC. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. II. Niger, obscure

eneus, elytris striatis, interstiliis paulo convexis, anten-

narum basi, tarsisque piceis. Long. *44, lat.:28. Habi-

tat in provinciis australibus. _Pracedente duplo

minor. .

3. amaroides. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat NovEboraci, in pro-

vinciis australibus, et ad Rocky Mountains. °

4.14-striatis. Chaud. Bull, Moscou. 1841. Angustus,

niger, elytris @neis, striatis, interstitiis planis. ; Long.

-33, lat. 14. Habitam NovAureliani, a Dom. Guex

datus.

432 Catalogue of the Geodedhagous Coleoptera.

.cupraeus. Chaud. ibid. -Angustus @neus, elytris. striato-

si)

punctatis ; antennarum basi, tibiis tarsisque pallidis.

Long. *36, lat. 15.. Abundat NovAureliani, et ad

Quincy, Illinois. A DD, Wilcox et Guex benevole

datus.

6. minutus. Dej.Sp.Gen. V. Specimen unicum in Alaba-

ma lectum a Dom. Haldeman amicissime datum.

7. exaratus. Dej. ibid. Habitat in Georgia rarissime.

DINODES. Bonelli.

1. purpuricoll is. Rand. Bost. J. N. H. II. (Chlenius.)

Habitat NovEboraci, et ad Rocky Mountains raris-

sime.

—

CHL/ENIUS. Bonelli.

_erythropus. Germar Ins. Nov.

—

rufilabris. Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat in provinciis

australibus et occidentalibus.

2. fuscicornis. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis australi-

bus minus frequens, thorace latiore, lateribus non

sinuatis facile distinctus.

3. *brevicollis. Supra cyaneo-violuceus, pubescens, thorace

punctatissimo, latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus valde

rotundato, angulis posticis oblusis ; antennis, palpis pe*

dibusque ferrugineis. Long. *6, lat. *27. Habitat in

Georgia minus frequens.

C, rufipedi simillimus, at thorace breviore, lateribus magis ro-

tundatis facile dignoscendus: a C. laticolle thoracis forma, ely-

trisque minus parallelis, magis ovalibus differt.

Supra cyaneo-violaceus, breviter brunneo-pubescens: caput

nitidum, cyaneum, utrinque dense punctatum, labro, mandibulis-

" que piceis, antennis palpisque ferrugineis. Thorax capite duplo

Jatior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice angustatus, lateribus valde

rotundatus, basi fere recte truncatus, angulis posticis obtusis, le-

R >

;

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 433

viter rotundatis, densissime punctatus, disco leviter convexus :

impressionibus transversis fere nullis, linea longitudinali utrinque

paulo’ abbreviata, basalibus -profundis, fere’ ad medium. antice

prolongatis. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora, ovalia, versus hume-

Tos rotundata, striato-punctata, interstitiis grmpulaiis, planis.

Subéus niger, punctatus, pedibus ferrugineis.

4, laticollis. Say. Trans. A.P.S.IL: Dej.Sp.Gen. Ha-

bitat in Territorio Missouriensi.

Sequenti simillimus, purpureo-violaceus, vel cyaneo-obscurus,

elytris densius pubescentibus: thorar latitudiue paulo brevior,

antice modice angustatus, lateribus leviter rotundatus, angulis

posticis obtusis, vix rotundatis; disco minus convexus, densius

punctatus ; impressionibus transversis distinctis, basalibus modice

profundis. E/ytra thorace paulo latiora, antice lateribus parum

rotundata, striato-punctata, interstitiis distinctius punctato-granu-

Jatis. é

5. rufi pes. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat NovEboraci, et in pro-

vinciis australibus sat frequens: thorace latitudine

non breviore, lateribus modice rotundato, disco leviter

convexo: elytris ovalibus, thorace sesqui latioribus,

antice rotundatis.

6.augustus. Newman Ent. Mag. V. 490.

Lecontei., Hald. Proc. A. N. S. I. 304. Oblongus

la'iusculus, supra lete viridis, sericeo-pubescens : tho-

race antice angustato, lateribus modice rotundatis,

punctatissimo, elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis dis-

tincte punctatis: antennarum basi, pedibusque ferru-

gineis, Long. ‘65, lat. *3. Habitat in provinciis

australibus minus frequens.

Latiusculus, supra kete viridis, subtus niger; sericeo-pubes-

cens, Caput punctatum, fronte levi, palpi antenneque picei,

basi rufi. Thorax basi capite duplo latior, latitudine vix brevior,

apice vix emarginatus, antice angustatus, lateribus modice rotun-

datus, prope basin obsolete sinuatus, angulis posticis rectis : disco

vix convexus, punctatissimus, margine tenui. depresso; linea

434 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

longitudinali fere nulla, impressionibus basalibus brevibus non

profundis. Elytra thorace paulo latiora, oyalia, lateribus paulo

rotundatis, striato-punctata, interstitiis planis, minus. subtiliter

punetatis. Pedes ferruginei.

7, lithophilus. Say. Trans. A. P.S. II.

viridanus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis me-

diis et occidentalibus.

s, sericeus. Forster. Ins.: Say. Trans. A. P. S. IL: Dej. Sp.

Gen. Abundat ubique, usque ad Territorium Ore-

gonense.

9, * P erviridis. Supra lete viridis, sericeo ileal capite

utringue sparse punctato, thorace punctatissimo, lati-

tudine non breviore, postice leviter retracto, impressio-

nibus basalibus profundis : elytris striato-punctatis, in-

terstitiis planis, subtiliter punctatis, antennis, palpis,

pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. °55, lat. :24.. Speci-

men unicum ad Rocky Mountains inventum.

C. sericeo simillimus, at capite minus punctato, thorace bre-

viore, paulo convexiore, lateribus multo magis rotundato, postice

leviter retracto, elytrisque distinctius punctatis differt.

Oblongo-elongatus, supra lete viridis, subtus niger, sericeo-

pubescens, Caput breve, oculis valde extantibus, utringue et

postice sparse punctatum, fronte levi. Mandibule pice, palpi

anteuneeque ferruginei. Thorax latitudine vix brevior, capite

sesqui latior, antice angustatus, apice vix emarginatus, lateribus

ante medium yalde rotundatis, pone medium obsolete sinuatis

leviter retractis, basi medio levi iter emarginata, utrinque oblique

truncata ; disco leviter convexus, punctatissimus ; impressioni-

bus transversis distinctis, linea longitudinali antice abbreviata,

basalibus brevibus, profundis, leviter obliquis. Elytra thorace

sesqui latiora, ovalia, striato-punctata, interstitiis subtiliter, sed

distinete punctatis. Pedes rufo-ferrugines.

10. aestivus. Say. Trans, A, P. 8.1L. . ;

cobaltinus. Dej. Sp. Gen. IL Habitat ubique.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 435,

11, congener. LeC. Proc. A. N.S. Il. Habitat in pro.

vinciis australibus minus’ frequens. Long. °62, lat.

“24, } a

Precedeuti simillimus, ine ane eetore, capite multo minus

punctato, thorace convexiore, lateribus magis rotundato, postice

magis retracto, vix sinuato, impressione transversa’ posteriore

valde profunda : elytris profundius striatis, striis minus puncta-

tis. “3 |

12, amoeenus. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. Habitat in provinciis

australibus minus frequens.

13. Refs aghis, Dej. Cat.: LeC. Proc. A. N.S. II. Supra

viridis, sericeo-pubescens, capite postice sparse punctato,

thorace grosse punctato, elongato, subconvexo, lateribus

subsinuatis, impressionibus basalibus profund:s; ely-

tris striato-punctatis, interstitus obsoletius pnnctat’s ;

antennis palpis, pedibusque ferruginers: Habitat in

Georgia minus frequens.

Elongatus, supra kete viridis, sericeo-pubescens : subtus ni-

gro-piceus. Caput postice sparse punctatum. Thorax capite

paulo latior, latitudine fere sesqui longior, postice leviter retrac-

tus, lateribus’antice modice rotundatis, pone’ medium subsinua-

tis: disco modice convexus, grosse punctatus; linea longitudi-

. tudinali _indistincta, impressione transversa posteriore recta,

basalibus valde profundis. E/ytra thorace sesqui latiora, ovalia,

lateribus versus humeros valde rotundata, striato-punctata, inter-

stitiis obsolete punctatis. Pedes ferruginei.

14. prasinus. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis

et occidentalibus.

15. solitarius. Say. Trans. A. P.S. 11. Habitat in pro-

yinciis occidentalibus, et in Territorio Missouriensi

minus frequens. A Dom. Wilcox amice datus. '

17. chlorophanus, Dej. Sp. Gen.

cordicolli So Kirby. F. B. A. (var. ied ior.) Habi-

tat in proviveiis.mediis ad aqguarum marginem.

436 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

is. nemoralis. Say. Trans. A. P.S. I: Dej. Sp. Gen.

Habitat ubique : thorace obsoletius subtilius punc-

tato facile dignoscendus. rai

19. pensylvanicus. Say. Trans. A.P.S, IL

fu lg i cEeps. Newman Ent, Mag. V. 490. _

longicollis. Chaud. Bull. de Moscou. 1841.

Sequenti simillimus, at colore viridi, elytrorumque

interstitiis convexioribus differt. Habitat in provin-

ciis mediis.

20. tricolor. Dej.Sp. Gen. }

emarginatus. Kirby. F. B.A. 1V. Habitat ubique.

21. *atripennis. Niger, capite thoraceque viridieneis,

hoc punctato, latitudine sesqui breiore, lateribus valde

rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus profundis ; ely-

tris atro-violaceis, striato-punctatis, interstitiis obsole-

tissime punctatis. Long. *50, lat. *21. Habitat in

provinciis mediis.

Precedenti simillimus, at thorace latiore, antice magis rotun-

dato, postice magis retracto, elytris interstitiis minus convexis,

obsoletius punctatis distinctus videtur. ,

Subelongatus, niger pubescens. Capvt subtilissime puncta-

tum, viridieneum nitidam, impressionibus non profundis. — An-

tenne fusce, basi rufee. Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine

fere sesqui brevior, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus ante

medium valde rotundatus, angulis posticis obtusis, non rotunda-

tis ; viridianeus, punctatus: impressionibus transversis fere nul-

lis, linea lougitudinali antice abbreviata, basalibus profundis,

extrorsum leviter obliquis, curvatisque. Elytra thorace sesqui

Jatiora, ovalia, ad humeros rotundata; atropurpurea, striato-

punctata, interstitiis fere planis, obsoletissime punctatis. Pedes

ferruginei, coxis nigris.

22. vicinus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique usque ad

Rocky Mountains, Preecedentibus quatuor affiinis,

sed thorace Jatiore, lateribus valde rotundatis, postice

Vix sinuatis,

Catalogue of the Geodephagous are 437

hoc lato, antice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, postice

- subsinuatis, angulis posticis rectis : elytris purpureis,

striato-punctatis, interstitiis obsolete punctatis ; anten-

narum basi, palpis, pedibusque ferruginets. Long.

‘43, lat.-19. Specimen unicum ad Rocky Moun-

tains lectum.

‘Chlenius oxygonus ? Chaud. Bull, de Moscou. 1841,

Precedentibus quinque simillimus, at thoracis forma satis dis-

_tinctus. Niger sericeo-pubescens. Caput leve postice subtilis-

sime punctulatum, impressionibus non profundis. Antenne sub-

fusce, basi indeterminate rufee. Thorax capite duplo latior,

latitudine sesqui- brevior, antice angustatus, lateribus valde ro-

tundatis, pone medium leviter sinuatis, basi utrinque. oblique

truncatus, angulis posticis rectis, non rotundatis; disco parum

convexus, punctatus, viridizeneus: impressionibus transversis

satis distinctis, linea longitudinali utrinque abbreviata, basalibus

profundis, extrorsum leviter concavis, fere ad medium extenden-

tibus. Elytra thorace latiora, profunde striato-punctata, inter-

stitiis fere planis, obsoletissime subtiliter punctatis. Pedes fer-

ruginei.

24. *brevilabris. Supre viridieneus, elytris obscurioribus,

thorace punctato, lato, antice angustato, lateribus ro-

tundatis, postice obsolete sinuatis, impressionibus ba-

salibus longis, parum profundis, antennarum basi,

palpis, coxis, pedibusque ferrugineis. Long.*49, lat.

-2. Habitat ad Insulam Longam NovEboraci, a

Dom. Brevoort amice datum,

C. impunctifrons t Kirby. F, B. A. IV.

Thoracis forma precedentem refert, at impressionibus basa-

libus longis, coxisque-rufis valde distat. Supra viridis, elytris ob-

scurioribus, sericeo-pubescens. Caput obsoletissime punctulatum,

impressionibus frontalibus modice profundis ; Jabrum brevissi-

mum, medio late emarginatum. Antenne fusce, articulis 3 rufis.

Thorax capite duplo latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, antice an-

438 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

gustatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, pone medium obsolete sinu-

atus, basi utrinque leviter oblique truncatus, angulis posticis fere

rectis: disco vix convexus, margine tenuissimo diaphano, punc-

tatus; impressionibus transversis indistinctis, linea longitudinali

utrinque abbreviata, basalibus non profundis, extrorsum leviter

concavis, ante medium prolongatis. Elytra thorace fere sesqui

Jatiora, striato-punctata, interstitiis planis, obsoletissime puncta-

tis, margine apicali rufescente. Subtus niger, pedes cum coxis

ferruginei.

impunctifrons. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. Habitat

in provinciis mediis et occidentalibus minus fre-

quens. bl |

26. tomentosus. Say. ibid. (Epomis) ; Dej. Sp. Gen.

luctwoswus. Germar. Ins, Noy.(Amara.) Habitat ubi-

que.

27. niger. Randall. Bost. J. N. H.1I.

exaratus. UDej. Cat. Habitat in provinciis mediis mi-

nus frequens. |

28. emarginatus. Say. Trans. A.P.S. IL: Dej. Sp. Gen.

Habitat ubique.

29. pusillus. Say. ibid.

elegantulus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique sat

frequens.

ATRANUS. gen. nov.

Corpus alatum, elongatum, gracile, leviter pubescens.

Cavur elongatum, subrhomboideum.

MAnpbisuL® prominule acute, |

MAxiLvu® intus ciliate.

Lanrum quadratum, latitudine paulo brevius, planum.

Menrtom leyiter concavum, emarginatum, basi emarginationis

recta; lateribus rectis, obliquis, angulis anticis suba-

cutis.

t a—priv. et Tgav0¢—perspicuus.

Oashlagiee of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 439

Patri elongati, tenues, articulo ultimo precedentem zquante,

levissime fusiformi, apice vix truncato.

ANTENNE Capite thoraceque paulo longiores, tenues, articulo 3i¢

sequentes zquante, gndo duplo breviore.

Ocutr vix prominuli. we

Tuorax latitudine paulo longior, postice leviter angustatus, an-

_gulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis.

Pepes mediocres.

Tarsi antici @ articulis 3 dilatatis, subtus spongioso-tomentosis,

leviter obliquis, angulis valde rotundatis; 1™° reli-

quis sesqui longiore, sed non latiore, triangulari;

~ gndo, gio que Jatitudine non longioribus :

reliqui tenues, tibiis paulo brevioribus, articulis longitu-

dine descrescentibus.

1. pubescens. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Anchomenus.}

obconicus. Hald. Proc. A. N. S. I. 299. (Specimine

ipso examinato.) Habitat ubique minus frequens.

~ Subdiv. iii. Panageini.

Caput postice constrictum, oculis extantibus.

Mentum dentatum.

LORICERA, Latr.

i. p ilicornis. Fabr. Syst. El: Dej. Sp. Gen. Specimina

quatuor in Lacu Superiove inventa, cum Europeis

accurate comparata, omnino congruunt.

PANAGZEUS. — Latr.

1. crucigerus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II.

S allei. Chevr. (!) MSS. teste Guex. Habitat NovAureliani

minus frequens, a Dom. Guex benevole datus.

2. fasciatus. Say. T. A. P. S. 11: Dej. Gen. Habitat

ubique, pracipue in provinciis australibus,

‘440 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

SPECIES MIHI INVISE. nro

Pogonus minutus. Dej. Sp. Gen.

Dicaelus furvus. Dej. ibid. —

Dinodes rotundicollis. Dej. io. Gen.

Chlaenius circumcinctus. Say. T.A.P.S.1V-

virens %?Chaud. Bull. de Moscon. 1841. Hab.

in Louisiana.

smaragdinus. Chaba,”

Sub. Fam. IV.—Carabides.—W est wood.

Abdominales.—Latr.

Simplicipedes.— De}.

Carabide.—McLeay.

Divisio 1—Carabidea.—W vw.

SCAPHINOTUS. Latr.

1. unicolor. Oliv. Ent. tab. 7. : Fabr. Syst. EV.

heros. Harris. Bost. J.N.H.11. Habitat in Ohio, et Caro-

lina boreali minus frequens; a Dom, Haldeman

benevole datus; variat elytris obscure violaceis.

Sequente duplo major.

2. elevatus. Fabr. Syst. El: Oliv. Ins. tab.7: Dej. Sp. Gen.

Say. Am. Ent. Habitat in provinciis mediis minus

frequens.

3. flammeus. Hald. Proc. A. N. S. IL. 54. Latus, nigro-

violaceus, elytris cuprascentibus; thorace latitudine

breviore, sublunate, marginibus latissimis minus

reflexis, ange, rage acutis, modice productis.

Long. ‘77, lat. -4. Specimen ad urbem St. Louis

lectum a Dom. dans benevole datum.

Precedente multo latior, thorace latiore, lateribus minus

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera 4Aat

elevatis, basi late emarginato, medio non producto, elytrisque

dorso multo planioribus, distinctus.

Nigro-violaceus. Caput latitudine vix duplo longius, modice

convexum, plica acuta, valde elevata ad antennarum basin. Tho-

rax latitudine summa capite triplo latior, latitudine brevior,

-sublunatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, basin versus vix angus-

tatus, apice breviter profunde emarginatus, basi late modice

emarginatus, angulis posticis acutis ; disco cordiformi, lateribus

antice valde rotundato, postice sinuato, vix convexo, leviter

Tugoso, punctis paucis sparsis ; margine antico et postico elevato,

impressionibus transversis profundissimis; lateribus latissime

explanatis, paulo reflexis, leviter sparse rugose-punctatis.

Elytra ovata, a basi usque ad trientem posticam leviter dilatata,

dein rotundato-acuminata, disco minus convexa, margine reflexo,

versus humeros latiore; cuprascentia, margine yiolaceo; dense

grosseque punctato-striata, seriebus marginalibus confusis.

Subtus niger, epipleuris dense punctatis.

CYCHRUS. Fabr.

(IRICHROA. Newman.)

1. viduus. Dej. Sp. Gen.: Harris. B. J. N. H. IL.

Say. Am. Ent. pl. 45.

untcolor. Knoch Neue Beit. Say. Trans. Am. Phil.,

Soc. II. Habitat in provinciis mediis et austra!ibus

minus frequens. Specimen NovEboraci inventum

a Dom. Wilcox benevole datum.

2. Leonardi. Harris loc. cit. Habitat in provinciis boreal-

ibus minus frequens.

«, elytris eneis, a Dom. Harris benevole datus.

f. major, totus niger, e provincia Ohio.

SPHZRODERUS. Dej.

1,.stenostomus. Weber. Dej.Sp.Gen.: Say. Am. Ent. 45.

Lecontei. Laporte Cab. Habitat in Pensylvania

442 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

minus frequens. Long. +55, lat. -:23, . thoracis

lat. °16, j nui :

long. "2 . eS ons

Reliquis nitidior, elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis non inter-

ruptis facile notus.

eye garens is. Laporte. An. Soc. Ent. de France. I. 390.

Lecontet. LeC.MSS. Habitat NovEboraci sat frequens.

Specimine Laportiano ipso examinato, synonymiam rectam

prebere possum. Insectum in Dej. Icon. Col. Europ. Tom, I. pl.

29 concinne delineatum, a thoracis forma plane ad speciem se-

quentem referri debet; descriptio porro Dejeaniana (Sp. Gen.

Il. 15) thoracem quam in S. stenostomo ‘angustiorem, minus

rotundatum, magis ovalem’ laudat: characteres speciei Nov-

Eboraci inventz omnino alieni.

lat. 16,

long. *12.

Pracedente major, et elytris paulo magis elongatis. Nigro-

violaceus, nitidus. Thorax capite fere triplo latior, antice et

postice fere recte truncatus, lateribus valde rotundatis, pone

medium vix rotundatis, retractis, latitudine apicali basali vix

Long. °55, lat. 24, thoracis

minore; disco parum convexus, tenuiter marginatus; linea

longitudinali postice abbreviata, impressione transversa anteriore

angulata, distincta, posteriore profunda, medio angulata, basalibus

valde profundis, basi toto punctato. Elytra thorace paulo latiora,

dorso antice leviter depressa, postice declivia, striato-punctata,

interstitiis angustis, interruptis praecipue versus apicem et mar-

ginem; ad apicem eleyato-granulata, costis 3i#, 7ma, 11maque

magis elevatis, interruptis. Subtus niger, femoribus quam in S,

stenostomo paulo minus validis.

Ons.—S. stenostomus in Coll. Laporte, e Coll. Belvisiensi

receptus ad hance speciem quoque pertinet ; specimen deforme,

elytris valde planatis insigne, sed haud aliter diversum.

3. Lecontei. Dej. Sp. Gen.: Icon. Col. Eur. I. tab. 29.

Habitat in provinciis borealibus minus frequens ; a

Dom. Breyoort benevole datus; specimen quoque

ad Lacum Superiorem inyeni.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 443

Long. °5, lat. 21, thoracis aa Precedenti simillimus, at

paulo minor et angustior, thoracis forma, elytrisque costis magis

interruptis distinctus.

Nigro-violaceus, nitidus, elytris subeneis. Thorax capite

paulo plus duplo latior, antice posticeque fere recte truncatus,

lateribus rotundatis, a medio ad basin rectis, retractis, latitudine

basali apicalem equante; disco modice convexus, tenuiter mar-

ginatus, impressionibus sicut in precedente, sed impressione

transversa posteriore multo profundiore. E/ytra thorace paulo

latiora, subelongata, modice convyexa, postice declivia, profunde

striato-punctata, interstitiis interruptis, 30, 7™°, 11moque postice

magis elevatis, series tuberculorum formantibus; a triente postico

ad apicem eleyato-granulata; femoribus quam in precedente

validioribus.

.hitidicollis. Guerin. Icon. tab. 7. Habitat in provincia

Ohio; a Dom. Harris benevole datus. Reliquis du-

plo major, elytrorum sculptura vero sequenti similis.

_*Brevoorti. Nigro-violaceus, nitidus, thorace subrotun-

dato, basi profunde impresso, punctatoque, elytris bast

striatis, postice granulatis, costis elevatis paucis inter-

ruptis. Long. °5, lat. *22, thoracis me S Habitat

ad fines provincia Maine, 'a Dom. Jac. Brevoort

inventus et amice datus.

Preecedenti similis at plus duplo minor, thorace lateribus

magis regulariter rotundatis, elytrisque fere ad medium regular-

iter striatis, postice minus subtiliter dense granulatis.

Nigro-violaceus. Caput latitudine plus duplo longius, inter

oculos arcuatim transversim impressum. Thorax capite duplo

latior, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus fere regulariter

rotundatus, pone medium leviter retractus; disco marginatus,

leviter convexus; linea longitudinali utrinque abbreviata, im-

pressione transversa anteriore profunda, valde arcuata, posteriore

valde profunda, basalibus rectis, basi toto grosse punctato, punc-

tis paucis ad marginem positis. Elytra thorace duplo latiora,

antice planiuscula, postice valde declivia; a basi ad medium

444 Catalogne of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

regulariter striatopunctata, pone medium minus subtiliter elevato-

granulata, costis 34, 5ta, 7ma, {1maque magis elevatis, i interruptis,

tuberculorum series formantibus. Femora incrassata.

6. bilobus. Say. Trans. A. P..S. I. Am. Ent. pl. 45.

Specimen unicum a Dom. Wilcox ad Quincy pro-

vinciaz Illinois inventum et amicissime datum,

CARABUS.. = Linné.

2. limbatus, Say. Trans. A. P.S. II. .

Goryi. Dej. Sp. Gen. V. Habitat in provinciis mediis sat

frequens,

2. serratus. Say. ibid,

lineatopunctatus. De}. Sp. Gen. Il. Habitat in

provinciis mediis et occidentalibus. '

3.—————__* * * ¢lytris eneis, granulatis, sutura lineis-

que 2 acute elevatis, postice obsoletis ; costisque 3

magnis, catenatis ; interstitiis obsolctissime striatis.

Coleoptera insecti mortui ad Detroit inventa, Long. ely. 5,

lat. °31.. C. palustri Europe yalde similis.

4. Vinctus. Weber. Obs. Ent.: Dej. Sp. Gen.

interruptus. Say. loc. cit. Habitat in provinciis

mediis.

5. ligatus. Knoch. Neue Beit. Habitat in provinciis mediis

et occidentalibus. A precedente thorace lateribus

minus rotundato, elytrisque striis angustioribus,

profundius punctatis, minimeque granulatis, inter-

stitiis subacutis distinctus.

6. carinatus. Dej. Sp. Gen. II. Abundat in provinciis

australibus. ,

Preecedenti similis, at thorace magis scabroso, antice leviter

angustato, elytris multo profundius striato- punctatis, interstitiis

angustioribus, basi fere wqualiter elevatis, mo, Sto, 900, 13m°que

postice magis obsoletis.

Catalogue of the Geodephag gous rb Coleoptera. 445.

%, sylvosus. Say. Trans. A. P.S. I: De). loc. cit. Habitat

in provinciis iHediis.

8. * Zi i mmermani. Niger, capite thoraceque Cisast puncta-

tis, hoc latitudine plus duplo breviore, postice retracto,

basi emarginato, angulis posticis leviter productis ;

- elytris profunde imbricato-reticulatis, punctis triplicr

serie pone medium viz dis'inctis. Long. *58, lat. *27.

Specimen unicum ad Rocky Mountains lectum.

Ad Dr. Chr. Zimmerman, Monog. Amaroidum Zabroidumque

auctorem, entomologicum exquirendo acerrimum, examinando

oculatissimum, describendo perspicuum et accuratissimum, grato

animo dedicatur hee species.

Sequenti similis, sed sesqui minor, magisque punctatus ; tho-

race minus abbreviato, postice magis retracto, elytris subtilius

marginatis, margine ad humeros non latiore valde distinctus.

Brevis, niger. Caput dense equaliter punctatum. Antenne

articulo 3° compresso, carinato. Thoraxsubcordatus, latitudine

plus duplo brevior, apice late emarginatus, lateribus valde rotun-

datis, pone medium recte retractis, Jatitudine basali apicahi

minore; basi late emarginata, angulis posticis leviter productis,

apice rotundatis: disco equaliter parum convexus, dense punc-

tatus, vix conspicue canaliculatus, impressionibus basalibus fere

nullis. E'ytra thorace plus sesqui latiora, latitudine paulo

longiora, postice minus. subito rotundata, pone medium non

. ampliata; profunde imbricato-reticulata, versus apicem grossius

granulata, punctorum seriebus solitis fere obsoletis, pone medium .

solum paulo distinctis ; tenuiter marginata, margine ad humeros

non latiore. |

9, luxatus. Say. J. A. N.S. III. (Calosoma). Habitat ad

flumen Platte; ad Calosomata antennaram articulo

3'° compresso appropinquat; sed apterus est, et thora-

cem subcordatum, angulis posticis leviter productis

habet.

10. externus. Say. J. A. N.S. III.

longipennis. Dej. Sp. Gen. (Calosoma). Habitat in

446 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

provinciis mediis et occidentalibus. Propter corpus

apterum, thoracemque basi leviter emarginatum cum

Carabis collocavi hanc speciem.

CALOSOMA. Fabr. |

1.scrutator. Fabr. Syst. El.; Say. Dej. loc. cit. Abundat

ubique.

2 *Wilcoxi. Supra viridieneum, @neum, vel nigroaneum ;

subtus aureo ceruleoque micans, pedibus chalybeis,

thorace valde transverso, aureo-marginato, elytris

profunde striatts, cupreo-marginatis, interstitits trans-

versim striatis, punctis impressis triplici serie. Long.

“77, lat. °&, a

Habitat a NovEboraco ad Texas rarissime. Pracedenti

simillimum, at triplo minus, thoraceque paulo breviore. (latitu-

dine triplo breviore) lateribus pone medium minus rotundato,

obsolete retracto; elytrorumque striis minus profunde punctatis

distinctum.

fri g idum. Kirby. F. B. A.ITV. Habitat ad Lacum Su-

periorem sat frequens.

4, Sayi. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis australibus minus

frequens.

calidum. Fabr. Syst. El.: Say. Dej. loc. cit. Habitat in

provinciis mediis et occidentalibus frequens.

6. le P idum. LeC. Bost.J. N. H. V. pl.18. Habitat ad flumen

Yellow-stone; a Dom. J. J. Audubon amice datum.

7. obsoletum. Say. J. A. N.Se. IIL

luxatum. Dej. Sp. Gen. I. Habitat cum priore.

s, triste. LeC. Bost. J. N. H. V. pl. 18. Habitat cum prioribus,

etiam a Dom, Audubon datum.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 447

‘ion aiaitens _. NEBRIA. Latr.

va HELOBLIA. Leach. Kirby.

1. pallipes. Say. Trans. A. P.S. II: Dej. Sp. Gen.

castanipes. Kirby. F.B. A.IV. Habitat in provin-

vinciis mediis, borealibus, et occidentalibus.

OMOPHRON. Latr. —

SCOLYTUS. Fabr._

1.tesselatum. Say.J.A.N.Sc.IIL

Lecontet. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis

et occidentalibus. .

@ maculis viridibus.

& maculis obscure cyaneis.

2, americanum, Dej. Sp. Gen.

labiatum. Say. Trans. A, P. S. IL

Sayi. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. Habitat in ‘provinciis mediis

et occidentalibus frequens, °

3. labiatum. Fabr. Syst. El: Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in

provinciis australibus et NovEboraci.

4.*nitidum. Viridi-eneum nitidum, thorace marginibus

punctato, lateribus argenteo-marginato, elytris tenuiter

striatis, seriatim foveatis, apice levibus, margine

tenui, maculisque 3 mar ginalibus, antennis, palpis

pedibusque pallidis. Long. °23, lat.:15. Habitat

in Territorio Missouriensi, et in proyinciis occiden-

talibus minus frequens.

Hemisphericum, viridizeneum, per-nitidum. Caput postice

sparse punctatum, naso, labro, mandibulisque obscure testaceis.

Thorax basi trisinuatus, medio subangulato, marginibus omni-

bus late disperse punctatis, disco plaga brevi, lata, fere leyi;

lateribus anguste argenteo-marginatis. , E’ytra margine tenui,

mox pone humeros triangulariter dilatata, fascia pone medium

obliqua introrsum valde abbreviata, maculaque apicali testaceo-

448 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

pallidis; colore viridiaeneo ad suturam non abbreviato ; grosse

seriatim punctata, punctis striis longitudinalibus tenuissimis con-

junctis. Subtus nigrum, epipleuris, palpis, antennis, pedibusque

pallidis. istas

BLETHISA. Bonelli.

1.quadricollis. Hald. Proc. A. N.S. III. Specimen ad

Lacum Superiorem inventum, a Dom. Haldeman

amicissime datum. Habitat quoque ad Boston pro-

‘vinciz Massachusetts. Mus. Harris.

ELAPHRUS. Fabr.

1. Clairvillei. Kirby. F. B. A. IV.

fuliginosus? Say. Trans..A. P. 8. IV.

americanus? Dej. Sp. Gen. (Spec. minus.) Habitat

in proyinciis mediis et occidentalibus rarissime.

2 *cicatricosus. Obscure @neus, capite punctato, inter

oculos sub-elevato, impressoque ; thorace grosse, sub-

confluenter punctato, impressionibus pluribus ; elytris

Soveis ocellatis subpurpureis, interstitis nitidis, parce

peactatis. Long. 35, lat.:15. Specimen unicum e

provincias Nov Eboraci medio.

Pracedenti simillimus, at thorace irregulariter impresso, gros-

sius punctato, elytrorumque interstitiis fere levibus valde differt.

Subelongatus, obscure zneus, supra nigro-zneus. Caput punc-

tatum, plaga parva levi utrinque pone oculos; inter oculos linea

arcuata minus profunda, foveaque oblonga notatum. Thorax

capite cum oculis angustior, latitudine non brevior, lateribus an-

tice rotundatus, pone medium valde contractus, sinuatusque,

angulis posticis rectis, acutis; disco’ Sparse grosseque punctatus,

hie illic densius: linea longitudinali nulla; antice postic eque

longitudinaliter elevatus, fovea oblonga utrinque ante medium et

prope basin, punctisque duobus ad medium approximatis, fovea

wirietele ~

utrinque basali, duobusque vel tribus utrinque versus latera.

«2

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 449

Elytra foveis purpureis, magnis, ocellatis (nonnullis antice emar-

ginatis) medio punctatis, serie quadruplici impressis ; interstitiis

nitidis, fere levibus, punctis paucis sparsis.

3.intermedius. Kirby. F.B.A.1IV. Specimen prope

Long’s Peak inveni; sequente duplo major, thora-

ceque multo latiore.

4.ruscarius. Say. Trans. A. P. S. IV.

ripariu S$. Say. ibid. IL: Dej. Sp. Gen. Sequenti simil-

limus, at thorace postice magis subito constricto,

impressione transversa anteriore profunda, ad mar-

ginem lateralem extendente, foveisque elytralibus

profundis satis distinctus. Cum speciminibus Euro-

pis accurate comparatus, longe differt. Habitat

ubique. ;

5y* gi milis. Brunzeo-eneus, punctatissimus, thorace postice

retracto, lateribus sinuato, impressione trasnversa an-

teriore minus profunda, disco utrinque medio leviter

foveato: elytris foveis rotundatis minus impressis,

plagaque quadrata levigata. Long. :24, lat. :10.

Habitat ad Long’s Peak.

Precedenti simillimus, at colore minus obscuro, thorace pos-

tice minus constricto, angulis rectis, minus divaricatis, impres-

sionibus minus profundis: elytris minus convexis, foveis vix

purpureis, puncto elevato (sicut in precedente), multo minus

notatis; interstitiis vix elevatis, punctatissimis, plaga solum una,

quadrata, levigata inter foveas 22¢am et 3iam ad suturam. Subtus

viridizneus, dense punctatus, femoribus basi, tibiis tarsisque fer-

rugineis.

NOTIOPHILUS. Dumeril.

i.*confusus. WNigro-eneus, pernitidus, capie inter aculos

7-striato, thorace impressionihus basalibus modice

profundis, elytris striis 7, cum sutural: margina'ique

punctatis, fere integris, punct que tmpresso, antenna-

rum basi rufo-piceo, Long. 19. Hab.tat vbigue,

450 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

AN. biguttato Europe stria submarginali non obliterata, mar-

ginalique postice punctata valde distinctus.

* Nigro-zneus, pernitidus. Caput ante oculos striolis brevibus,

punctisque 4 impressum: inter oculos 7-striatum, striis externis

paulo profundioribus, interstitiis angustis, rectis. Thorax fere

planus, postice modice retractus, marginibus omnibus disperse

punctatis, densius versus angulos anticos ; impressionibus basali-

bus modice profundis, non acute-impressis. Hlytra stria sutu-

rali, 7 externis, marginalique punctatis, striis postice parum

abbreviatis, suturali, 1™* 6'que postice profundioribus : puncto

utrinque inter 29¢am et 3iam ante medium. Subtus niger, tibiis

anticis picescentibus.

2,semistriatus. Say. Trans. A. P.S. II. Habitat ubique

Praecedenti affinis, at minor, striis 1™4, 2nda, 7mague postice

obliteratis ; antenvis concoloribus, nigris. Caput striis brevio-

ribus, minus profundis, alteraque postice inter externas duas,

3. *9-striatus. Long.-18. Habitat in provinciis austra-

libus, et mediis. N.semistriato omnino similis ; dif-

fert tantum capite inter oculos 9-striato, striis externis

profundioribus, alteraque breviore utrinque inter

18 et, 2Qndam medio late interrupta.

4.porrectus. Say. Trans. A. P.S.IV. Habitat NovEbo-

raci. Capite 7-striato, striis externis multo profundi-

oribus a reliquis magis remotis, striola antica, alte-

raque medio late interrupta inter duas externas.

Lilytra sicut in preecedentibus duobus: antennis,

palpis pedibusque rufo-testaceis valde distinctus.

SPECIES MIHI IGNOTA.

Cychrus Andre wsii, Harris. Bost. J.N. H.

Carabus carolinus. Fabr. Syst. El. (An species

recte Americana 1)

Beauvoisii. Dej. Sp. Gen.

Lherminieri. Dej. ibid.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 451

Elaphrus obscurior. Kirby. F.B. A.

Sub. Fam. V.__Bembidiides.—W estwood.

Subulipalpi.—Latr. De}.

BEMBIDIUM. Latr.

Carvur fronte utrinque striato.

Mentvum dente bifido.

Evyrra stria scutellari distincta, suturali postice non recurvata.

Tarst antici @ articulo 1™ longitudine reliquis conjunctis

ze quante.

i. sigillare. Say. Trans. A. P.S. IV.

st ig maticum. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in’ provinciis

mediis.

2,impressum. Fabr. Syst. El.: Dej. loc. cit.. Habitat ad

Lacum Superiorem.

3. p aludosum. Panzer: Dej. Sp. Gen.: Icon. IV. tab. 211.

littorale. Oliv. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem.

Ab individuis Europeis maculis elytralibus subcupreis major-

ibus, plagam magnam ad striam 3iam extendentem formantibus,

a Dom. Zimmerman diferre dicitur hee species. Speciminibus

tamen plurimis accurate examinatis, macule magnitudinis varia-

bilis videntur, nune discrete, nunc confluentes; semper tamen

interstitium 6%™ maculam longam nitidum ad medium habet.

Specimina necnon Europe pariter variant. (Conf. Dej. Sp. V.

80.) |

4.*lacustre. Aneum, thorace quadrato, lateribus leviter

sinuato, elytris striato-punctatis, subtilissime granulatis

interstitiis 4" 6’que immaculatis, 5”, 7™°que macula

parva nitida: 3° foveis quadratis duabus impressis.

Long. *21. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem.

Precedenti simillimum, thorace postice magis sinuato, elytris

profundius striato-punctatis, versus basin minus elevatis, inter-

452 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

stitio 4t° 6*eque immaculatis, antennarumque articulis 2 rufis dis-

tinctum.

*Zneum. Caput sicut in B. paludoso. Thorax latitudine

paulo brevior, lateribus ante medium rotundatus, pone medium

sinuatus, angulis posticis acutis, antice obsolete angustatus, pos-

tice vix retractus, basi utrinque valde obliqua: subtiliter, rugo-

sus, antice posticeque striatus, disco modice convexus; impres-

sionibus transversis distinctis, posteriore profunda, linea longitu-

dinali profunda utrinque abbreviata, basalibus profundis. Elytra

profundius striato-punctata, interstitiis leviter convexis, duobus

primis violaceo-nitidis, apice granulatis, 3'° nitido, foveis 2 quad-

ratis, granulatis, utraque puncto antico notata; 4to 6t¢que imma-

culatis, granulatis, 5 macula parva nitida ad medium, 7™°

macula parva ad trientem secundum; stria 4" sicut in prace-

dente sinuata. Subtus wneus, pernitidus, femorum basi, tibiis

tarsisque rufis.

5. inaequale. Say. J. A.N.S. III.

arenartum. Dej.Sp. Gen. V. 81. Habitat in Penn-

sylvania, et ad Rocky Mountains: a pracedentibus

thorace latitudine non breviore valde distinctum.

Elytra profunde striato-punctata sunt, et interstitium

4™ maculam nitidam ad medium habet, maculis re-

liguis sicut in B. lacustri.

ODONTIUM. | gen. nov.

Mentvum dente longissimo, convexo, subobtuso., Reliquis sicut

in Bembidio.

1.coxendix. Say.J.A.C. III. Habitat ad Rocky Moun-

tains. Sequenti simillimum, at thorace -latitudine

plus sesqui breviore lateribus valde rotundato, pos-

tice profundius sinuato, retractoque ; elytrorum disco

non testaceo, femoribusque piceis facile dignoscen-

dum.

2.nitidulum. Dej.Sp. Gen. V. 84.

coxendia. Say. Trans. A. P.S.1V. Habitat ubique.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 453

HYDRIUM. Zim. MSS.

Carur fronte utrinque striato.

Mentvo dente valde distincte bifido.

Etyrra striis postice abbreviatis, scutellari distincta.

Tarst antici # articulo 1™° valde dilatato, reliquis tamen bre-

viore.

1, laevigatum. Say. Trans. A. P.S.II: Dej. Sp. Gen.

(Leja.) Habitat ubique, frequentius in provinciis

occidentalibus. In speciminibus bene conservatis, e

seriebus punctorum interstitialibus sete distincte

brunnee oriuntur.

OCHTHEDROMUS.. Zimmerman. MSS.

Carut fronte utrinque striato, vel raro bistriato.

Mentovm dente simplici, apice rotundato plerisque.

TuHorax postice truncatus.

Exvyrra stria suturali postice non incurvata, scutellari distincta.

Genera Megerliana Notaphum, Peryphum, Lejam et Lopham,

cum speciebus aliis intermediis continens.

A. Elytris striis externis integris.

§ 1. Elytris immaculatis: interstitio 3i° ad striam 3" bipunc-

tato.

1.americanus. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat ubique usque ad

Rocky Mountains.

2.*salebratus. neus, nitidus, thorace quadrato, lateri-

bus obsolete sinuato, postice vix retracto, impressione

transversa posteriore profunda, elytris profunde stria-

to-punctatis, punctisque 2 wmpressis ; antennarum

basi, pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. ‘16. Habitat

ad LaPointe Lacus Superioris.

Forma fere O. antiqui (Dej.) at duplo minor, thorace latiore,

postice vix angustato.

Eneus, nigricans, nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus

454 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

longis rectis, profundis. Antenne picee, basi rufo-picer, vel

rufe. Palpi rufi. Thorax capite latior, latitudine sesqui bre-

vior, antice posticeque truncatus, lateribus paulo rotundatis, pone

medium obsolete sinuatis, parum retractis, basi utrinque obliquo,

angulis posticis obtusis, minime rotundatis: linea longitudinali

profunda, antice abbreviata, impressione transversa posteriore

profunda, medio angulata, basalibus parvis, profundis, punctoque

impresso ad angulum. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora, leviter con-

vexa, striis antice valde profunde punctatis, postice lavibus, 1™%,

24, 7™4, 8"que postice profundioribus. Subtus niger, Vix zneus,

eae rufo-piceis.

3. *purpurascen Ss. Niger vix eneus, thorace quadrato,

postice viz angustato, impressione transversa posteriore

profunda; elytris rufo-purpureis, profunde striato-

punctatis, punctisque 2 impressis ; antennarum basi

pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -17. Habitat ad La-

cum Sabulosam prope Mississippi scaturigines.

Niger vix eeneus, subdepressus. Caput impressionibus fron-

talibus longis, rectis, profundis. Thorax capite sesqui latior,

latitudine sesqui brevior, antice leviter emarginatus, basi rotun-

datus, lateribus antice rotundatis, postice Vix angustatus, angulis

posticis obtusis, non rotundatis; linea longitudinali vel integra,

vel utrinque abbreviata, impressione transyersa posteriore pro-

funda, basalibus duplicibus, punctiformibus, basi versus angu-

los obsolete rugose punctata. Llytra planiuscula, rufo-purpurea,

thorace sesqui latiora, striis profunde punctatis, postice levibus :

1™* 7™*que ad apicem paulo profundioribus, Subtus niger, pe-

dibus rufo-piceis. Variat striis elytrorum aureo-micantibus.

4. basalis. Eneus, nitidus, subdepressus, thorace quadrato,

lateribus subsinuato, postice paulo retracto, impressio-

nibus transversis profundis : elytris profunde striato-

punctatis, punctisque 2 impressis : antennarum articu-

lo 1°, pedibusque rufis. Long. ‘23. Habitat in

provinciis mediis. Sequentibus 3 similis, at thoracis

forma facile distinctus,

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 45

Bembidium honestum? Say. Trans. A. P.S. IT.

fEneus, nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus longis, rec-

tis, profundis. “Antenne articulo Lipo rufo, palpi basi rufi. Tho

rax capite latior, latitudine vix sesqui brevior, apice fere trunca-

tus, basi utrinque obliqua, lateribus paulo rotundatus, pone

medium vix sinuatis, ad basin paulo retractis, angulis posticis

rectis, prominulis: linea longitudinali tenui, utrinque abbreviata ;

impressionibus transversis profundis, leviter arcuatis, basali

utrinque parva, leviter rugosa. E/ytra thorace plus sesqui latiora,

planiuscula, profunde striato-punctata, striis ad apicem leevibus.

Subtus nigro-virescens, pedibus late rufo-piceis.

Variat chalybeus.

.*=dilatatus. Eneus, nitidus, depressus, thorace lateribus

valde rotundatis, postice sinuatis, valde retractis, im-

pressione posteriore profunda, elytris striato-punctatis,

punctisque 2 impressis: antennarum articulo 1™° pe-

dibusque rufis. Long. +23. Habitat ad Colum-

biam, Pa.

Precedente paulo major, et magis depressus: elytra quam in

sequentibus duobus minus profunde striata sunt.

fEneus, depressus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus profun-

dis, longis, leviter sinuatis. Thorax capite latior, latitudine

duplo brevior, antice fere truncatus, basi utrinque obliquo ; late-

ribus valde rotundatus, versus basin valde retractus, breviterque

sinuatus, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis; linea longitu-

dinali utrinque abbreviata, impressionibus transversis distinctis,

posteriore profunda, basalibus parvis, profundis. E/ytra thorace

vix sesqui latiora, striato-punctata, striis postice levioribus, im-

punctatisque, interstitiis planis. Subtus nigro-virescens, pedibus

leete rufo-piceis.

6. anti quus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat in provinciis mediis

et ad Lacum Superiorem.

7, chalceus. Dej. ibid. Habitat in provinciis mediis minus

frequens ; thorace convexiore, postice magis subito

retracto, impressione transyersa anteriore fere nulla

facile dignoscendus.

456 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

° pl anatus. Elongatus, valde depressns, nigro-aneus, tho-

race quadrato, postice viz retracto, angulis posticis

rectis, impressionibus transversis profundis; elytris

tenuiter striato-punctatis, punctisque 2 impressis, stria

5% apice exarata. Long.*3. Abundat ad Lacum

Superiorem Augusto.

Magnus in hoc genere: elongatus, valde depressus, nigro-

zneus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus longis, rectis, extus

leviter curvatis. Thorax quadratus, latitudine paulo brevior,

autice posticeque truncatus, lateribus vix rotundatus, postice sub-

sinuatus, paulo angustatus, angulis posticis rectis, minime rotun-

datis ; linea longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, impressio-

nibus transversis profundis, anteriore angulata ; basalibus latis,

rugosis, bistriatis, carina brevi externa acuta. Elytra thorace

vix sesqui latiora, elongata, plana, parum nitida, tenuiter striato-

punctata, stria 5t@ postice obsolete sinuata, profunde exarata.

Tibia picescentes.

*lon Z ulus. Elongatus depressus, niger, thorace quadrato,

lateribus rotundato, postice leviter angustato, impres-

sione transversa posteriore basalibusque profundis,

elytris subaneis, profunde striato-punctatis, punctisque

2 wnpressis; striis 4'* 5' 6'*que apice subobsoletis.

Long. ‘15. Habitat ad Aquila Portum Lacus Su-

perioris.

Habitus fere Dromii americani, elongatus, valde depressus,

niger, nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus rectis, profundis.

Thorax capite latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, apice basique

truncatus, lateribus antice rotundatis, pone medium fere rectis,

leviter retractis, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis; disco

Jeviter convexus; linea longitudinali antice abbreviata, impres-

sione transversa anteriore tenui, margini approximata, arcuata,

posteriore profunda, fere recta, basalibus profundis, duplicibus,

carina externa brevi, acuta. E/ytra subzenea, thorace vix sesqui

latiora, elongata, plana, apice rotundato-subtruncata, profunde

striato-punctata, striis postice impunctatis, 4t, 5ta, 6taque versus

apicem subobsoletis, 7™® postice profundiore.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 457

10. *subaeneus. Nigroaneus, thorace lateribus rotundato,

postice leviter retracto, impressionibus transversis ba-

salibusque profundis, elytris valde profunde striato-

punctatis, punctisque 2 impressis ; strirs 4'%, 5', 6 que

apice subobliteratis. Long.15. Habitat ad Lacum

Superiorem.

Statura omnino O. salebrati, at pedibus nigris; thoracis forma

precedentem refert, a quo corpore minus depresso, elytrisque

profundius striatis distinctus.

Nigro-aneus, pernitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus

profundis, rectis. Thorax capite latior, latitudine sesqui bre-

vior, utrinque truncatus, lateribus ante medium modice rotun-

datis, pone medium fere rectis, retractis, angulis posticis obtusis

non rotundatis; disco subconvexus; linea longitudinali profunda,

antice abbreviata, impressionibus transyersis profundis, anteriore

arcuata, a margine remota, basalibus profundis, rugosis, bistriatis,

carina externa brevi, minus conspicua. E/ytra thorace sesqui

latiora, modice convexa, striata, striis valde punctatis, postice

leevibus, 4t@ 5ta, 6t¢que postice subobsoletis, suturali, Qnda, 7ma

que versus apicem profundis.

Intermedius videtur inter sectionem hanc et §2. B. ft. (Sp.

39, et 40.)

t+ Elytris maculis variis fasciiformibus, testaceis ;

interstitio 3° bipunctato; thorace basi bistriato,

carinatogue.—Norapuus. Meg.

44 *Gor datus. Depressus, aneus, thorace lateribus valde

rotundato, postice valde coarctato; elytris fasciis

duabus, apiceque testaceis ; strus basi leviter punc-

tatis, interstitiis planis; antennarum basi epipleuris

pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Woug.*25. Habitat Nov-

Eboraci minus frequens.

Sequentibus plus duplo major, valde depressys, eneus, minus

nitidus. Caput latum, antice acutum, impressionibus frontalibus

non profundis, leviter obliquis. Antenne capite thoraceque paulo

longiores, fusce, basi rufo-testaceee. T'horax capite cum oculis

458 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

vix latior, latitudine fere dup!o brevior, apice basique truncatus,

Jateribus valde rotundatis, postice valde retractis breviterque

sinuatis, (latitudine basali Jatitudine summa duplo fere minore)

angulis posticis rectis non rotundatis; fere planus; linea longi-

tudinali tenui, utringue abbreviata, impressionibus transversis

indistinctis, basalibus parvis, bistriatis, stria interiore paulo lon-

giore, carina externa, distincta. E/ytra thoracis latitudine summa

vix latiora, plana, striata, striis ante medium leyiter punctatis,

interstitiis omnino planis, fascia obliqua ante medium ad striam

2udam extendente, intus bifurcata, extus latiore; altera angulata

ad trientem secundum, intus ad striam 3iam extendente, parte

interna nonnunquam vix distincta; apiceque late obscure tes-

taceis; margine summo ante medium eneo. Subtus niger,

epipleuris pedibusque testaceis.

«, fascia antica interstitium 3ium 4tumgue includente et ad basin

extendente, maculam eneam humeralem amplectente.

12. dorsalis. Say. Trans. A. P.S. 11. Dej. Sp.Gen. Habitat

ad Rocky Mountains; thorace splendide viridizneo,

elytrisque testaceis fasciis fuscis facile dignoscendus.

13. *umbratus. Uapite thoraceque eneis, hoc basi vix re-

tracto, rugoso, bistriato, elytris striato-punctatis, tes-

taceis, fascia ad medium sinuata, maculaque postica

subsuturali leviter obscuris, antennarum basi, pedibus,

epipleurisque testaceis. Long.'17. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains.

Praecedente duplo minor. Caput wneum, parum nitidum,

impressionibus frontalibus, fere rectis, profundis. Antenne

corporis dimidium zquantes, fusca, basi testacee. Thorax

capite latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, quadratus, lateribus parum

rotundatus, pone medium levissime retractus, obsoleteque sinua-

tus, angulis posticis fere obtusis, non rotundatis ; eneus, parum

nitidus, basi rugosus; linea longitudinali profunda, utrinque

abbreviata, impressionibus transversis distinctis, basalibus modi-

cis, bistriatis, carina distincta. E/ytra thorace paulo Jatiora,

elongato-elliptica, postice leviter angustata, striato-punctata, stria

5“ versus apicem leviter sinuata, integra, interstitiis levissime

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 459

convexis ; obscure testaceis, puncto nigro ante medium, fascia

undata, angusta ad medium, maculaque magna postica subsutu-

rali, nonunquam communi, leviter infuscatis. Subtus niger,

epipleuris, pedibusque testaceis.

#. élytris basi late obsoleteque infuscatis.

14.*viridicollis. Ferté. Rev. Zool. 1841. Specimen

unicum ad Rocky Mountains inventum.

hories obscure viridizneo, convexiusculo, latitudine paulo

brevi iore, lateribus rotundato, postice angustato, angulis posticis

rectis, prominulis, elytris profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis

leviter convexis, maculis latis, fere indeterminatis, epipleuris

nigris, pedibus testaceis, facile dignoscendus.

15. patruelis. Dej.Sp.Gen. Habitat ubique; a sequente

elytris paulo profundius striatis, epipleurisque pal-

lidis satis distinctus.

16. Variegatus. Say. Trans. A.P.S.II. Habitat ubique ;

epipleure nigre.

17. *eneicollis. Capite thoraceque cupreo-eneis, nitidis,

hoc lato, lateribus rotundato, postice leviter retracto, non

sinuato, basi bistriato, elyris striato-punctatis, rufo-

piceis, margine ante medium lato, fascia brevi postica,

apiceque pallidioribus ; antennarum basi, pedibus epi-

pleurisque rufis. Long.:17. Habitat ad Lacum Su-

periorem.

Precedenti similis, at thorace nitidiore, lateribus non sinuato,

angulis posticis obtusis, elytrisque rufo-piceis differt.

Caput cupreo-eneum, impressionibus frontalibus profundis

subobliquis, antennee fusce, basi testaceee. Thorax capite sesqui

latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior, utrinque truncatus, lateribus

rotundatus, postice leviter retractus, (latitudine basali apicalem

eequante), non sinuatus, angulis posticis obtusis non rotundatis ;

disco vix convexus, linea longitudinali subintegra, impressione

transversa posteriore recta, basalibus latis, distinctius breviter

bistriatis, carina externa distincta. E/ytra thorace paulo latiora,

convexiuscula, striis (externis paulo levioribus) ante medium

460 Catalogne of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

punctatis, interstitiis levissime convexis, 7™* postice profundiore;

rufo-picea, margine ante medium, in fasciam abbreviatam fere

transversam ad trientem dilatato ; fascia oblique ascendente pone

medium, apiceque rufo-testaceis, Subtus niger, epipleuris pedi-

busque rufo-testaceis.

"re p idus. Nigroeneus, thorace lateribus rotundato, postice

retracto, subsinuato, basi bistriato, impressionibus trans-

versis profundis, elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis

planissimis, fascia brevi, obliqua ante apicem, apiceque

rufo-testaceis ; antennarum basi, pedibusque dilutius

rufo-piceis. Long.‘15, Habitat ad Rocky Mountains.

O. patrueli magis elongatus, depressusque. Nigrozeneus sub-

nitidus. Caput impressionibus frontalibus subobliquis, leviter

notatis. Antenne fusce, basi testacee. Thorax capite paulo

latior, latitudine plus sesqui brevior, apice basique truncatus,

lateribus rotundatus, pone medium retractus, brevissime sinuatus,

angulis posticis rectis, latitudine basali apicali minore; disco

parum convexus; linea longitudinali tenui, utrinque abbreviata,

impressionibus transversis distinctis, basalibus profundis, bistri-

atis, tuberculo obsoleto ad angulum posticum; carina externa

distincta. Elytra thorace latiora, elongata, depressiuscula, striis

tenuiter punctatis, versus apicem levibus, 7™* paulo profund-

iore, interstitiis planissimis; macula oblique ascendente pone

medium, apiceque late testaceis. Subtus niger, pedibus dilute

piceis, tibiis tarsisque nonnunquam pallidioribus.

19, *timidus. Nigro-viridis, vix eneus, thorace convexiusculo,

subcordato, basi bistriato, impressionibus transversis

profundis ; elytris elongato-ellipticis, striato-punctatis,

basi late testaceo-nebulosis, fuscia integra sinuata pone

medium, apiceque obscure testaceis ; antennarum arti-

culo 1™ pedibusque piceo-testaceis.. Long. *12. Spe-

cimen unicum ad Rocky Mountains inventum.

Precedente triplo minor, elongatus, subconvexus, nigro-

viridis. Antenne articulo 1™° rufo-piceo. Thorax capite paulo

latior, latitudine sesqui brevior, apice basique truncatus, later-

Cataloguc of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 461

ibus valde rotundatis, postice retractis, subsinuatis; latitudine

basali apicali minore; disco convexus; linea longitudinali antice

abbreviata, impressionibus transversis profundis, basalibus parvis

rugosis, bistriatis, carina distincta. Elytra thorace paulo latiora,

elongata, elliptica, subconyexa, nigro-picea, usque ad medium

testaceo-nebulosa, pone medium fascia curvata ad suturam ex-

tendente, maculaque parva apicali testaceis; profunde striato-

punctata, striis postice paulo levioribus, et minus distincte

punctatis, interstitiis ad basin levissime conyexis. Subtus niger

epipleuris fuscescentibus, pedibus dilute piceo-testaceis.

20." p ictus. Niger, capite thoraceque nitidissimis, hoc convexo,

subcordato, basi minus distincte bistriato, elytris pro-

funde striato-punctatis, striis externis ad apicem obli-

teratis; versus basin late testacco-nebulosis, fascia

obliqua pone medium, apice, epipleuris, antennarum

basi, pedibusque testaceis. Long. ‘10. Habitat ad

Rocky Mountains, «+

Statura sequentis, sed thorace convexiore, lateribus magis

sinuatis distinctus.

Niger, obscure eneus. Caput oblique valde profunde striatum.

Antenne basi rufe. Thorax capite vix latior, latitudine sesqui

brevior, utrinque truncatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, pone

medium valde retractus, (latitudine basali apicali sesqui minore,)

sinuatus, angulis posticis rectis prominulis ; disco convexus, linea

longitudinali antice abbreviata, impressionibus transversis pro-

fundis, basalibus parvis, profundis, rugosis, minus distincte bi-

striatis; carina brevissima. /ytra fere elliptica, thorace vix

latiora, convexa, profunde striato-punctata, striis externis postice

obliteratis, 7™* ad apicem paulo profundiore; nigro-picea ante

medium testacea, macula humerali, suturaque nigro-piceis, fascia

obliqua pone medium ad striam 3'@™ extendente, apiceque tes-

taceis. Subtus niger, epipleuris pedibusque testaceis.

«. Elytra testacea, macula communi pone medium ephippiata,

ramoque obliquo ad marginem extendente nigro-piceis.

f. Elytra nigro-picea, ante medium obsolete testaceo-nebu-

losis, maculis pone medium solitis.

462 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

y. Elytra nigra, fascia obliqua, brevi, postica.

21. versicolor.

variegatus. Kirby. F. B. H. IV. (Notaphus). Abun-

dat at Lacum Superiorem. Propter O. variegatum

Sayi, supra citatum, nomen mutavi.

Preecedenti similis, sed thorace minus convexo, lateribus ob-

solete sinuato, angulis posticis vix rectis, impressionibus basalibus

latioribus, carina distinctiore, differt.

22.contractus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. II. Habitat Nov-

Eboraci minus frequens; a sequenti thorace con-

vexiore, impressionibus basalibus brevioribus, carina

nulla, epipleurisque nigris satis distinctus.

23. constrictus.

contractus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Abundat ad maris oras

A Sayo cum precedente confusus ; differt tamen tho-

race paulo minus convexo, impressionibus basalibus

paulo longioribus, carinaque externa brevissima vix

conspicua; elytris margine, epipleurisque pallidis.

B. Elytris striis postice obliteratis.

§1. Thorace basi valde, constricto, unistriato. Lopaa Meg.

e4. affinis. Say. Trans. A. P.S. Il. :

decip tens. Dej. Sp.Gen. Abundat ubique.

25. quadrimaculatus: Linné. Syst. Nat.: Dej.Sp.Gen.

oppoas tlus. Say. Trans. A. P. Il. Habitat ubique,

296. *frontalis. Purvus, niger nitidus ; capile utrinque bistri-

alo, thorace valde cordato, antice posticeque grosse punc-

tato, elytris punctato-sirialis, striis postice obliteratis,

macula ante apicem, apice, antennarum basi, pedibus-

que lestaceis, Long. 09. Habitat ad Detroit, minus

frequens.

Pracedente plus duplo minor, niger, pernitdus, obsolete eneus.

Antenna fusce basi testacee, Caput utrinque profunde oblique

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 463

bistriatum, stria exteriore lata, postice abbreviata, interiore lon-

ga. Thorax capite vix latior, latitudine paulo breviore, postice

valde angustatus, angulis posticis rectis prominulis; convexus ;

impressionibus transversis e€ punctis grossis constitutis, linea

longitudinali fere obsoleta, basalibus parvis, profundis, carina

externa brevissima notatis. ’ytra thorace duplo latiora, antice

leviter angustata, convexa, punctato-striata, striis postice oblite-

ratis, macula rotundata ante apicem, apiceque testaceis. Subtus

niger, pedibus dilute testaceis.

§2. Thorace postice plus minusve retracto, nonunquam fere

quadrato, basi utrinque bistriato; elytris bipunctatis.

t Capite utrinque profunde bistriato.

27. *sulcatus. Nigro-virescens, pernitidus, capite utrinque

profunde bistriato, thorace postice modice retracto, la-

teribus vix sinuatis; elytris striato-punctatis, macula

anie apicem, apice, antennarum basi, pedibusque icsta-

ceis. Long.:12. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem.

Statura gracilis. Nigro-virescens, pernitidus. Capwut utrinque

profunde longeque bistriatum, stria exteriore latiore. Antenne

piceee basi rufo-picee. Thorax capite latior, latitudine sesqui

brevior, subquadratus, postice modice angustatus, utrinque trun-

catus, lateribus rotundatis pone medium subsinuatis, angulis

posticis rectis; disco paulo convexus; linea longitudinali sub-

integra, impressionibus transversis distinctis, basalibus latis

minus distincte bistriatis, carina externa valde distincta. E/ytra

thorace latiora, convexiuscula, striato-punctata, striis versus apl-

cem obliteratis, externis levioribus, 1™* & 242 fere integris, 7™ma

vix distincta, interstitiis ad basin leviter convexis; macula ante

apicem, marginem non attingente, apiceque testaceis. Subtus

niger, pedibus testaceis.

oo. “tre p idus. WNigro-virescens, pernitidus, capite utrinque

profunde bistriato, thorace postice leviter retracto, later-

ibus vix sinuato; clytris punctato-striatis, intersttitis

planissimis, strits ad apicem obliteratis, externis levior-

464 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

ibus; macula ante apicem, apice, antennarum basi

pedibusque testaceis. Loug. ‘12. Specimen unicum

ad Lacum Superiorem inventum.

Preecedenti simillimus, sed elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis

planissimis distinctus videtur.

++ Capite utrinque unistriato.

a. Corpus gracile. Prryrnus Meg.

29, *cautus. Aler, pernitidus, thorace convexo, leviter cordato,

basi bistriato, angulis posticis prominulis ; elytris pro-

funde striato-punctatis, macula parva postica apiceque

flavo-lestaceis ; antennarum basi pedibusque dilutius

rufo-piceis. Long. ‘12. Specimen unicum ad Rocky

Mountains lectum.

Ater, pernitidus; caput impressione frontali valde profunda ,

longa, obliqua. Antenne corporis dimidium longitudine zquan-

tes, basi rufo-piceee. Thorax cordatus, capite non latior, utrinque

truncatus, lateribus rotundatis, pone medium sinuatis modiceque

retractis, angulis posticis rectis, prominulis; linea longitudinali

utrinque abbreviata, impressionibus transversis profundis, basal-

ibus profundis, rugosis, obsolete punctatis, bistriatis, carina dis-

_tineta, E/ytra thorace sesqui latiora, elongata, fere elliptica,

convexa, profunde striato-punctata, striis versus apicem oblite-

ratis, 7™* ad medium extendente, interstitiis antice leviter con-

vexis, 3! profundius bipunctato: nigro-picea, macula parva

rotundata ante apicem, apiceque flavo-testaceis. Subtus niger,

pedibus dilutius rufo-piceis,

50: ge lidus. Elongatus, capite thoraceque nigro-viridibus, hoc

cordato, poslice coarcta‘o, impre sionibus basalibus

valde profundis, obsolete punctatis ; ely'ris piceis, niti-

dis, ad basin infuscatis, macula anie apicem rufo-tes-

tacea, strialo-punctatis; anlennarum basi pedibusque

rufo-testaceis. Long.'17. Abundat ad Lacum Su-

periorem.

Extract from the Minutes of the Lyceum of Natural History of

New-York, February 8th, 1847.

Mr. Lawrence read a DESCRIPTION Of @ NEW SPECIES OF Pro-

CELLARIA from Florida, which he proposes to call Brevimostnis.

P.srevirostris. Above, brownish black; Jeneath, white. Dill

short; upper tail coverts white: lower, white tipt with ash, and

very long: tarst pale yellow; toes yellow, marked with black at

their ends for two-thirds their length.

Length 16 inches; extent 39 inches.

Tue Corresponding Members of the Lyceum or Naturar

History, are respectfully requested to forward communications on

any subjects connectéd with the Natural Sciences, to the Secretary

of the Society. Chemical Examinations of Animal, Vegetable and

Mineral substances, will be acceptable, as well as Descriptions and

Accounts of any new objects, in the three Kingdoms of Nature.

As the publication of the Annaxs has now been resumed, with

a prospect of continuance, it is hoped that every one connected

with the Lyceum will exert himself, that no delay may take place

in their appearance at reasonable intervals. Donations to the

Museum, of Shells, Fossils, Minerals, and such Animals as are

best preserved in spirits, are solicited.

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 465

Sequentibus angustior et minor. Caput nigro-viride, nitidum,

impressionibus frontalibus obliquis, punctoque externo antico

utrinque. Antenne corporis dimidio paulo longiores, picee, basi

rufo-testacee. Thorax longitudine non latior, cordatus, lateribus

valde rotundatis, pone medium sinuatis, retractisque, angulis

posticis rectis ; convexus, nigro-viridis ; linea longitudinali inte-

gra, impressione transversa anteriore nonnunquam geminata,

’ parte anteriore .profunda; basalibus valde profundis, obsolete

punctatis, stria exteriore vix conspicua, carina distincta. Elytra

thorace sesqui latiora, elongata, dorso minus convexa, profunde

striato-punctata, striis (externis brevioribus) ad apicem oblite-

ratis, 772 ad medium extendente, dein obsoleta, ad apicem bre-

viter exarata; picea, nonnunquam viridiznee-micantia, versus

basin dilutiora, macula obliqua, descendente, ante apicem ob-

scure testacez. Subtus niger, pedibus rufo testaceis.

31. picipes. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. (Peryphus). Habitat Nov-

Eboraci et ad Lacum Superiorem. Variat pedibus

rufo-testaceis.

32, tetracolum. Say. Trans. A. P.S. II.

rup tcola. Kirby. F. B. A. IV. (Peryphus).

rupestris. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique; sequenti

simillimus, sed thorace latitudine plus sesqui bre-

." viore, lateribus magis rotundatis, epipleurisque nigris

distinctus videtur. .

33. *substrictus. Pernitidus, capite thoraceque viridieneis,

hoc cordato, postice modice ‘retracto, lateribus leviter

sinuatis, basi punctato, elytris piceis, profunde striato-

punctatis, macula minus distincta ad basin, alteraque

oblique descendente ante apicem flavo-testaceis ; epipleu-

ris, antennarum basi pedibusque rufis. Long. °24.

Habitat ad Lacum Saperiorem. ;

Precedentem valde refert, sed thorace latitudine sesqui bre-

viore, lateribus modice rotundatis, epipleurisque brunneo-rufis

dignoscendus.

466 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

34. *lucidus. Pernitidus, capite thoraceque viridieneis splens

didis, hoc latitudine plus sesqui breviore, lateribus

‘ae postice breviter sinuatis, basi subtiliter punc-

tato; elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis planis, nigris,

asa humerali alteraque obliqua ante apicem flavo-

testaceis; antennarum basi, epipleuris pedibusque rufis.

Long. 21. Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem.

A precedentibus duobus thorace postice minus sinuato, re-

fractoque, elytris planioribus, minus profunde striato- -punctatis,

interstitiis planis distinctus. Variat elytris rufo- -piceis, maculis

sicut supra.

35. postremus. a Trans. A. P.S. II.

scopu linus. Kirby. F.B.A-IV. Habitat NovEboraci

minus frequens.

34. bimaculatus. Kirby. loc. cit. Specimen unicum ad

Rocky Mountains inventum.

37, * persp icuus. Depressiusculus, nigro-virescens, thorace

quadrato, poxtice modice angustato, viz sinuato, angu-

lis posticis subrectis, basi punctato; elytris testaceis,

nebula magna pone medium, maculaque subapicali

fuscatis, antennarum basi, pedibusque testaceis, db-

domine rufo-piceo. Long. *28. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains.

Statura sequentis, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, minus

conyvexo, angulis posticis subrectis, basi subtiliter punctato;

impressionibus basalibus parum profundis, carina externa bre-

vissima fere obsoleta, elytris testaceis, abdomine rufo-picee

distinetus.

3s, transversalis. Dej. Sp. Gen, Habitat ad Lacum

Superiorem sat frequens.

Thorace distinctius marginato, basi itmpunctato, impressione

transversa posteriore, basalibusque profundis, angulis posticis

obtusis non rotundatis, carina externa nulla, elytris nigris, vel

piceis, macula humerali, subapicalique obliqua, magnis testaceis,

‘

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. — 467

interstitiis leviter convexis, stria 7™@ obliterata, epipleurisque

nigris facile dignoscendus. .

Variat colore testaceo magis diffuso, basin totam elytrorum

occupante, et partem epipleurarum superiorem attingente.

39. planus. Hald. Proc. Ac. N.S. I. 303. Depressus, niger,

nitidissimus, ceruleo-micans, thorace quadrato, postice

leviter angustato, angulis posticis subrectis, impression-

ibus basalibus latis, minus distincte bistriatis, rugosis,

carina nulla; elytris striatis, striis obsolete punctatis,

5 primis fere integris, externis levioribus, 6'* basi dis-

tincta, postice valde abbreviata, 7"* omnino obliterata ;

sutura postice picescente, antennarum basi pedibusque

testacets. Long. *21. Habitat NovEboraci et ad La-

cum Superiorem.

40. *fu gax. Elongatus valde depressus, thorace quadrato, lati-

tudine plus sesqut breviore, postice leviter angustato,

angulis posticis rectis, basalibus subrugosis ; elytris

profunde striato-punctatis, stria 7™* pone medium

obliterata; antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Long. ‘23. Habitat in Illinois, a Dem. Willcox

benevole datus.

Forma fere O. planati supra descripti, sed duplo minor, et

elytris profunde striato-punctatis, pedibusque rufis valde differt..

Elongatus valde depressus, niger nitidissimus, cceruleo-micans.

Caput utrinque profunde oblique sulcatum. Antenne fusce,

basi rufv-testacee. Thorax latitudine plus sesqui brevior,

utrinque truncatus, lateribus leviter rotundatis, postice modice

retractis, angulis posticis rectis ; fere planus, impressionibus trans-

versis profundis, linea longitudinali utrinque abbreviata, basalibus

minus profundis, subrugosis, strigginterna profunda, externa vix

distincta. E/ytra thorace paulo Jatiora, elongata, subparallela,

planata, profuude striata, striis leviter punctatis, externis levior-

ibus, apice obliteratis, 7™* ad medium abbreviata, 5t@ apice ex-

arata. Subtus niger, pedibus rufis.

468 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

b. Corpus minus gracile, thorace majore.

Lesa. Meg.=Evpromus. Kirby.

41, niger. Say. Trans. A. P.S. IL: Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat

ad Lacum Superiorem et in Pennsylvania minus

frequens.

42. nitidus. Kirby. F. B. A.1V. Habitat ad Rocky Moun-

tains et ad Lacum Superiorem.

TACHYS. Knoch,

A. Corpus crassiusculum, plerumque convexum,

elytris dorso bipunctatis.

t Thorace angulis posticis rectis.

§1. Elytris striis sex integris, profundis, thorace —

postice leviter retracto sinuatoque,

1. ephippiatus. Say. Trans. A. P. 8S. LV.

mundissimus. Zim. MSS.

el egan tulus. Ferté. Rey. Zool. 1841. Habitat in pro-

vinciis australibus.

§2. Elytris 3-vel 4-striatis, thorace postice vix retracto.

2. *vivax. Piceus, thorace quadrato, latitudine sesqui breviore,

angulis posticis rectis, basi foveclato, impressione

transversa posteriore profunda, punciata, punctis 3

majoribus ad medium ; elytris margine lato rufo-tes-

taceo, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long.'10. Hab-

itat ubique usque ad Rocky Mountains.

Sequenti simillimus, sed convexior, et paulo minor. Piceus,

nitidissimus. Antenne ferryginez, basi testacee. Thorax ca-

pite plus sesqui latior, ‘asic sesqui brevior, quadratus, basi

truncatus, lateribus ante medium yalde rotundatis, pone medium

rectis ; disco modice conyexus; linea longitudinali tenuissima,

impressione transyersa anteriore nulla, posteriore profunda,

punctis 3 ad medium majusculis ; basalibus profundis, puncto

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 469

minuto ad angulum. Elytra thorace sesqui latiora, convexa,

stria suturali integra, 3que vel 4 aliis postice obliteratis, stria

3ia punctis 2 majusculis, marginali medio late interrupta; rufo

picea, margine lato rufo-testaceo, ad humerum et ad apicem

dilatato. Pedes testacei.

3. tripunctatus. Say. Trans. A.P.S.IV. Habitat Nov-

Eboraci frequens. Subdepressus, elytrisque immac-

ulatis distinctus. Variat rufo-piceus.

§3. Elytris bistriatis, thorace postice vix retracto.

4.mendax. Rufo-piceus, thorace latitudine plus sesqui breviore;

empressione transversa profunda, medio punctis 3; ely-

irts thorace sesqui laitortbus, ad latera pallidioribus ;-

antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. ‘09. Habitat

NovEboraci et ad Rocky Mountains.

Sequenti paulo angustior et major, thorace elytris sesqui an-

gustiore facile distinguendus.

Rufo-piceus, pernitidus. Caput impressionibus minus pro-

fundis. Thorax capite plus sesqui latior, latitudine plus sesqui

brevior, basi truncatus, lateribus antice valde rotundatis, pone

medium rectis; disco subconvexus; linea longitudinali tenui,

impressione transversa posteriore profunda, punctis 3 majusculis

ad medium, basalibus parvis punctoque ad angulum impresso.

Elytra thorace sesqui latiora, convexa, versus marginem pallid-

iora, stria suturali profunda integra, 2"4 utrinque abbreviata,

32 vix evidente, punctis 2 majisculis, stria marginali late inter-

rupta. Antenne pedesque testacel.

5. xantho pus. Dej. Sp. Gen. Habitat ubique; corpore

concolore, thorace elytris vix angustiore a prece-

dente distinctus.

§4. Elytris unistriatis, thorace postice vix retracto.

6. incurvus. Say. Trans. A. P. S. 1V. Abundat ubique.

Sequenti simillimus sed minus convexus, et thorace

lateribus minus rotundato distinctus.

470 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

7. pu lehellus. Ferté. Rev. Zool. 1841. Habitat ubique

minus frequens, elytris macula humerali alteraque-

subapicali distinctus. ;

s. *dolosus. Elongatus, convexus, rufo-pallidus, thorace plan-

zusculo, quadrato, laitiudine vix sesqui breviore, laier-

tbus paulo ro!undatis, impresstone transversa posteriore

profunda, tenuiter punelata, basalibus profundis, puncto

majore ad angulum; elytris thorace sesqui latioribus

elongato-ellipticis, levissimis, stria suturali basin vix

allingente, marginali late interrupta; distinctius bi-

punctaiis. Long. 09. Habitat ad Rocky Mountains |

Precedente angustior, et thorace lateribus minus rotundatis

facile distinguendus.

9.*ance ps. Pallide rufo-piceus, thorace quadrato, convex,

latitudine fere duplo breviore, antice lateribus valde

rotundato, postice leviter retracto, angulis posticis levi-

ter obtusis, impressione transversa posteriore profnnda,

leviter punctata, basalibus minutis ; e'ytris convexis,

thorace sesqui latwribus, levissimis, stria sutnrali ba-

sin non attingente, marginali medio late tnterrupta ;

punctis impressis 2 minoribus: aniennis pedibusque

testaceis. oug.:08. Habitat cum priore.

Bembidium granarium ? Dej. Sp. Gen.

Habitus omnino T. incurvi, sed sesqui minor, et colore, thora-

cisque angulis posticis leviter obtusis facile distinctus.

tt Thorace postice retracto, angulis obtusis.

10. *occultus. Pallide rufo-piceus, thorace convexo, cordato,

latitudine sesqui brevvore, lateribus valde rotundato,

postice retracto, angulis posticis valde ob:usis non ro-

tundatis, basi margina'a, impressionibus basalibus

Jere nullis: elytris convexis, latiudine sesqui longiori-

bus, levissimis, punctis 2 subtilibus, stria suturali basin

vir attingente, marginali late interrupta; antennis

~~»

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. 471

capite thoraceque non longioribus, cum pedibus testa-

ceis. Long. :08. Habitat in Georgia.

Corpore latiore, convexiore, thoracisque forma valde distinctus.

B. Corpus subdepressum, elytris punctis nullis,

thoracis angulis posticis subobtusis. Tacuyra Kirby.

11. inornatus. Say. Trans. A. P.S. IL: Dej. Sp. Gen.

ptetpes. Kirby. F. B.A. IV. Abundat ubique.

12. flavicaudus. Say: Dej. loc. cit. Cum priore inventus

C. Corpus gracile; thorace minore, postice retrac-

to, angulis obtusis, elytris ellipticis, elongatis.

13. *scitulus. Flavo-testaceus, capite fusco, elytris striis 2

profundioribus, punctoque impresso, micantibus, fas-

cia transversa pone medium fusca. Long.:11. Ha-

bitat ad Columbiam Pennsylvanie.

Species pulcherrima. Flavo-testaceus pernitidus, elytris mi-

cantibus. Caput fuscum, fronte nigro. Antenne corporis dimi-

dium longitudine aquantes, fusca, basi apiceque pallide. Tho-

rax capite sesqui latior, latitudine fere duplo brevior, basi trunca-

tus, lateribus rotundatis, postice retractis, angulis posticis obtusis,

non rotundatis: convexus, margine pone medium reflexo ; linea

longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, impressione transversa

posteriore profunda, medio angulata, basalibus rotundatis. E/ytra

thorace plus sesqui latiora, elongata, antice non angustata, parum

convexa, stria suturali integra, postice longius recurvata, 2nd@

postice abbreviata, reliquis fere obsoletis; puncto majusculo

piifero ad interstitium 4™ ante medium, alteraque prope api-

cem: stria marginali antice valde abbreviata; flavo-testacea,

fascia lata integra pone medium fusca. Sudtus rufo-piceus, ano

pedibusque testaceis.

14. prox imus. Say. Trans. A.P.S. II. Pracedenti affinis,

sed thorace piceo, elytris pallidioribus, macula dis-

472 Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

coidali non fasciiformi dignoscendus : elytra obsolete

striata, stria suturali solum profundiore. Habitat

ubique minus frequens.

15s. *corruscus.- Piceus, nitidissimus, ceruleo-micans, tho-

race latitudine sesqui breviore, postice retracto, bast

utringue obliquo, elytris stria suturalt integra, punc-

toque magno impresso, antennarum basi pedibusque —

testaceis. Long. ‘09. Habitat NovEboraci et ad

Rocky Mountains.

Pracedente sesqui minor, piceus, nitidissimus. Antenne cor-

poris dimidium equantes, basi apiceque testaceis. Thorax,

latitudine sesqui brevior, lateribus rotundatus, postice leviter

retractus, basi utrinque oblique truncata, medio leviter emargina-

ta, angulis posticis valde obtusis; disco minus convexus, linea

longitudinali profunda, antice abbreviata, impressione transversa

posteriore valde profunda, medio angulata, basalibus parvis, pro-

fundis. E’ytra thorace sesqui latiora, elongata, antice leviter

angustata, dorso subconvexa, stria suturali profunda, basin non

attingente, postice longius recurvata, reliquis obliteratis ; puncto

magno pilifero ante medium, alteroque prope apicem ; stria mar-

ginali ad medium, antice abbreviata, punctis 4 ad humerum.

Pedes pallide testacei.

16. *sequax. LElongatus, piceus, thorace convexo, latitudine

fere duplo breviore, impressionibus transversis profun-

dis, linea longitudinali vix distincta, basi utrinque obli-

qua; elytris lestaceis, antice leviler angustalis, convex-

iusculis, obsolete striatis, stria sulurali postice profunda,

longius recurvala, puncloque magno impresso, antennis

pedibusque testaceis. Long.*1. Habitat ad Rocky

Mountains.

Precedenti simillimus, sed angustior, et thorace impressione

anteriore profunda, linea longitudinali fere nulla, elytrisque

testaceis facile dignosceudus.

17. laevus. Say. Trans. A. P.S, IT.

troglodytes. Dej.Sp.Gen. Forma omnino T, cor-

Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera. A473 —

rusci, sed guadruplo minor, elytrisque stria suturali

solam distincta; disco subtiliter bipunctato. Habitat

ubique.

BLEMUS. Dej.

1 *aenescens. LElongatus depressus, pallide rufo-piceus,

thorace quadrato, angulis posticis leviter obtusis, bast

utrinque obliquo, elytris parallelis, planis, apice trun-

catis, e@neo-micantibus, leviter striatis, striis externis

obliteratis. Long. 09. Specimen unicum in Geor-

gia inventum.

Elongatus, depressus, pallide rufo-piceus, capite fusco. An-

tenn@ testacee apice fusce, corporis dimidio longiores, articulo

3!° sequentibus sesqui breviore. Thorax quadratus, latitudine

sesqui brevior, lateribus leviter rotundatis, postice levissime an-

gustatus, basi utrinque obliquo, angulis posticis obtusis leviter

elevatis, non rotundatis; disco conyexus; linea longitudinali

utrinque paulo abbreviata, impressionibus basalibus vix conspi-

cuis. /ytra thorace sesqui latiora, latitudine triplo longiora,

plana, fere parallela, antice leviter angustata, apice rotundato-

truncata; striis.5 vel 6 modice distinctis, postice vix profundiori-

bus, basin vix attingentibus; stria marginali punctata, late inter-

rupta. Subtus rufo-piceus, pedibus pallide testaceis.

SPECIES MIHI IGNOTZ, VEL DUBLE.

Bembidium punctato-striatum. Say. Trans.

A AS ad 5

intersectum. Germ. Ins. Noy.

Peryphus sordidus. Kirby. F. B. A. IV.

concolor. Kirby. ibid.

N otaphus nigripes. Kirby. loc. cit.

intermedius. Kirby. ibid.

posticum. Hald. Proc. Ac. N.S.I. 303.

474 Catalogne of the Geodephagous Coleoptera.

Leja semistriata. Hald. ibid.

Tachys ferrugineus,. Dej.Sp. Gen. (ad A.f. §4. per-

tinet.)

misellus. Ferté R. Z. 1811. (ad B. pertinet.)

pumil us. Dej. Sp. Gen. (ad C. pertinet.)

ni gr ice ps. De}. ibid. (vix hujus generis.)

——_—

NOTE.

In concluding this paper, which has extended far beyond the limits which

were originally proposed, the author regrets that some errors and a few omis-

sions have unavoidably occurred. These will be corrected in an Appendix, which

will also contain descriptions of the new species received through the kindness of

his scientific friends. To Dr. Zimmerman he is indebted for some valuable sugges-

tions respecting the Dromii and Cymindis, which render necessary the establish-

ment of some new generic groups. The charaeters of these will be briefly given in

the Appendix.

In the preceding paper particular attention has been given to the concordance of

Say’s and Dejean’s species, the names proposed by the former having much the

priority. It is hoped that through the extensive relations of exchange existing be-

tween the Lyceum and foreign societies, the present essay will be rendered eusily

accessible, and that by means of the synonyms here presented the naturalists of

Europe, and particularly the French, may be induced to pay some regard to Mr.

Say’s publications, and believe it possible that a species may be described before it

reaches their collections. If they will admit the possibility of such a supposition,

much confusion may be avoided, and the interests of science greatly advanced. If

the preceding Catalogue be successful in removing any of the confusion which has

already arisen, and in preventing any future errors, the fullest expectations of

the author will have been realized.

Description of a New Species or Proceinarra, by Georce N.

Lawrence. Read Feb. 18th, 1847.

PROCELLARIA MERIDIONALIS.

Srecrric Cuaracrer.—Bill short; upper tail coverts white ;

above, brownish black ; beneath, white; tarsi pale yellow; toes

yellow, marked with black at the end for two-thirds their length.

Bill black and stout; sides of the upper mandible, unguis, and

point of the lower mandible whitish horn color; a narrow band of

the same color crosses the nasal case at its base. Unguis strong,

very much curved, and acute. The upper mandible has the nos-

trils on its ridge covered bya very prominent horny sheath, and

separated by a thin septum; a deeply grooved line runs its entire

length immediately below the nostrils; between the unguis and

nasal case it is deeply indented. The lower mandible has a grooved

line running through its centre, on each side.

Forehead white, marked with a few light-brown feathers; occi-

put and top of the head, inclnding the eyes, black; cheeks, throat,

and all the under parts pure white, a few black feathers on the

sides near the insertion of the tail; hind part of the neck white,

mixed with cinereous; upper part of the back ash, which color ex-

tends on the sides of the upper part of the breast; back brownish

black ; tail graduated, consisting of twelve feathers, the central, one

and a half inches longer than the outer, white at the base for one-

third their length, remainder brownish black ; upper tail coverts

pure white: lower, white tipped with light ash, and very long,

reaching to the end of the tail.

Primary quills black; secondaries light-brown at the ends, and

white at the base; tertials dark-brown; under wing coverts and

axillars white.

Tarsi pale yellow; toes and webs yellow at the base for about

one-third their length, remainder biack; hind toe wanting, but in

its place a very acute black spur; tarsi and toes rather slender.

476 ; New Species of Procellaria.

Length 16 inches; alar extent 39 inches; wing, from flexure, 12

inches; tail 5 inches; tarsus 1 1-2 inches; outer toe 2 inches; in-

ner, 11-2 inches. Bill along the back to the point 1 1-2 inghes ;

5-8 inch deep at the base, and nearly the same in breadth; tubu-

lar sheath 1-4 inch long.

First primary longest ; secondaries broad and rounded. Plate

XV.

This new species of Petrel was given me by Dr. C. H. Stilwell,

of Brooklyn, L. 1., who obtained it in Florida during the winter of

last year. From him I received the following communication :

“ This bird was found floating, wounded, in the salt lagoon op-

posite Indian river inlet, on the eastern coast of Florida, two hun-

dred and forty miles south of St. John’s river. No one of the set-

tlers could tell the name of it, and I suppose it is an uncommon

bird in that region, though I cannot say particularly, not being ac-

quainted there much.”

Birds of this genus are usually found in high latitudes, but from

the difficulty of obtaining them, as they are strictly sea-birds, it is

probable they are more frequent on our coast than is generally sup-

posed. Atsea they are attracted around the stern of a vessel by

any small floating substance, and at such times are often taken with

a line and fish-hook baited with fat.

In lightness of form, great length of wing, and graduated tail, it

somewhat resembles the genus Puffinus; but the bill is so strongly

characteristic of the Fulmars, I have thought proper to class it

with them.

Nore.—This bird was noticed on the cover of Nos. 8 and 9,

Vol. 1V., of the Annals of the New-York Lyceum, under the spe-

cific name of Brevirostris; but that name being pre-occupied by

another species described in Lesson’s Ornithology, the above one

is substituted, |

On the distinctive characters of CypREA RETICULATA of Martyn, and

Cypra uistrio of Meuschen. By Joun H. Reprierp. Read

June 7th, 1847.

Probably in no genus of mollusks, are the species better known

and defined, than in the genus Cyprea, for in none are the specific

characters more constant and unerring, while the labors of Euro-

pean conchologists within the last twenty-five years have so greatly

extended the list of species, that there is perhaps less room here

for the discovery of new forms, than in any other family.

While this is true in the mgain, it is also certain that there are some

species of Cyprza, which, though long known to naturalists, are yet

involved in some uncertainty, and of which it is hard to decide,

whether they should be regarded as distinct, or as mere varieties

of a common specific type, so doubtfully close are their affinities.

It is my aim in this paper to show the distinction between two

shells of this genus, which are still confounded by European

authors, even in the latest monographs, though the labors of our

early and lamented associate, Mr. Barnes, have led most American

conchologists to avoid the error. I refer to the Cyprea reticulata

of Martyn, and the C. histrio of Meuschen. Let us examine the

historic record of these species, and trace their synonomy.

The earliest figures referrible to either of these species, are those

of Bonanni, 1681, Lister, 1688, Rumphius, 1711, Petiver, 1713,

and Knorr, 1766. These figures are usually quoted indiscrimi-

nately for C. histrio and C. reticulata, and from circumstances

connected with their date, it is probable they all represent the same

species; but with the exception of Lister and Knorr, they are so

rudely executed, that it is impossible to decide whether they belong

to the histrio of Meuschen, or the reticulata of Martyn. The figures

of Lister and Knorr, are tolerable representations of what I view

to be the true C. histrio.

In 1784, appeared Martyn’s Universal Conchology, where we

478 Cyprea reticulata and Cpprea histrio distinct.

find a shell figured under the name of Uyprea reticulata, differing

in many respects from that afterwards known as C. histrio. Upper

and lower views of the shell are given, and the black spot which

characterizes this species is evident, though not conspicuous,

“Martyn quotes none of the earlier figures, but he must have been

acquainted at Jeast with that of Lister; from which I think we may

justly infer, t!at he considered his own re‘iculata to be distinct

from Lister’s shell. The habitat which Martyn assigns to his shell

—lriendly Islands—is worthy of note.

In 1787, Meuschen, in the Museum Geversianum, mentions for

the first time Cyprea histrio, by that name. I have not had an

opportunity to consult that work, and cannot therefore decide

whether his shell be identical with the one since known under that

name, nor whether authors are correct in assigning it precedence

over the C, arlequina of Chemnitz, published in the following year.

For the present, I must assume that their judgment is correct.

In 1788 appeared the 10th volume of Chemnitz’s continuation

of Martini’s Conchylien-Cabinet, where we fiud, under the name

of C. arlequina, two very good figures of what I regard as the tre

C. histrio. In his descriptive text, Chemnitz quotes the figures of

Lister, Knorr, and Martyn for his C. arlequina. This latter refer-

ence seems to have been the first source of the inaccuracy which

has since prevailed; and yet some remarks at the close of his

description show that the peculiar characteristics of Mariyn’s shell

had not escaped his practised eye, but that he considered it a

remarkable variety of his own C. arlequina.

Such were the materials which existed at the time when Gmelin

commenced, in 1788, the publication of his edition of the Systema

Nature of Linneeus, of which edition it may be doubted, whether

it has not been of more hindrance than benefit to the cause of

science, so numerous are its blunders, and so unpardonable the

carelessness of its compiler, I shall quote all he says in relation to

the species before us, On page 3403, we find—

“ Cyprea histrio. C testa ovata, subturbinata, sublivido oce)laté, subtus

pland alba, ad latera incrassata, atra-fusco maculata, lined dorsali

lividA, fuuce violaced,

Cyprea reticulata and Cyprea histrio distinct.

Chemn. Conch. 10, p. 110, t. 145, f. 1346, 1347.

Lister, Conch. t. 659, f 3 a.

Knorr, Vergn. 2, t. 16, f. 1.

Martyn, Conch. t. 15.

Habitat in mari Indico.”

We may notice in passing, that with his accustomed inconsist-

ency, Gmelin had already quoted this same figure of Lister (659,

3 a,) for his C. arabica, var. p.

On page 3420, we have

“C. reticulata. C. testd reticulata, margine maculatis virgatis vavio,

Rumphius, Mus. t. 39, f. r.

Habitat df

Here Chemnitz’s unfortunate reference to Martyn’s figure is

repeated, and subsequent-authors have been led to view Martyn’s

and Chemnitz’s shells as identical, an inference which Gmelin’s

brief description might confirm, since it may apply to both shells,

and with the exception of the ‘“subtus af/ba,” would perhaps suit

the reticulata better than the A7strio. But as if he had not already

sufficiently perplexed the subject, he gives us, on p, 3420, a

C. reticulata of his own, for which he does zot quote Martyn,

but a figure of Rumphius. This he accompanies with a deserip-

tion so brief as to be useless. This figure of Rumphius is

ambiguous, as we have seen, but has been quoted by authors, and

perhaps rightly, for C. histrio, What wonder that subsequent

writers, trusting too implicitly to the labors of their predecessors,

aid perhaps destitute of good and characteristic specimens of the

two species, should conclude that the C. reticulata could have ho

separate existence !

Shortly after the appearance of Gmelin’s work, the publication

of the French Encyclopedie Methodique was commeuced. Its

progress was, however, much delayed, aud the plates to the genus

Cyprea did not appear until the year 1316, while the text of the

same bears the date of 1832, sixteen years later. On plate 351,

we find a very good figure of the true C. histrio; but on referring

to the description of that species iu the text, we find that it is not

applicable to the figure, but is evidently founded on a specimen

480 Cyprea reticulata and Cyprea histrio distinct

of C. reticulata, Thus Gmelin’s error was again duplicated, and

in such a manner as to increase the confusion he had introduced ;

so that it was not at all strange that Dillwyn, in his excellent and

generally accurate Descriptive Catalogue, published in 1817,

should follow in the same track.

Lamarck, in the 7th Vol. of his Animaux sans Vertébres, 1822,

describes the C. Aistrio, but, unlike his predecessors, he does not

quote the figure of Martyn for it. Why this omission? He was

acquainted with Martyn’s work, for he quotes it frequently else-

where. Did he doubt the identity of Martyn’s shell with the

histrio? We have no positive evidence on this point, but his

description, short as it is, applies very well to the true Aistrio.

In March, 1824, Mr. Gray commenced the publication of his

Monograph on the Cypreidz, in the Zoological Journal. In this

paper he degrades both C. histrio and reticulata from the rank of

species, and makes them a variety of C. arabica, Of this species

he enumerates four varieties, viz :

a, arabica: The typical form.

b. intermedia: A form which I think to be the same as.

Kiener’s pl. 4, f. 3, and to which I shall

again refer.

c. histrio: In this he includes both Martyn’s and Chem-

nitz’s shells.

d. depressa: This seems to be founded on the figure in

the Enc. Meth., which in my view is a histrio.

It is not a little strange that Mr. Gray should have been led to

unite two species so widely different as the typical C. arabica and

the C. histrio; and with only one exception, as I believe, later

authors have rejected his views.

Shortly after Mr.Gray’s Monograph was commenced, and before

it was known in this country, our associate, Mr. Barnes, read be-

fore this Society his description of the C. maculata, which will be

found in the Annals of the Lyceum, Vol. L, p. 132. Mr, Barnes

was probably not acquainted with the work of Martyn, which at

that time was hardly known in this country. Ina later number of

Cyprea reticulata and Cyprea histrio distinet. 481

the Zoological Journal Mr. Gray pronounced Mr. Barnes’ species

to be one of his varieties of C. arabica, whereupon Mr. Barnes

published a second notice of the C. maculata in the same volume

of the Annals, in which he shows most conclusively that his species

cannot be united with the arabica. The object of this second no-

tice being simply to reply to Mr. Gray’s opinion, it appears not to

have occurred to Mr. Barnes that there was the least occasion to

point out the differences between his species and the true histrie,

with which he must have been acquainted. That Mr. Barnes’ shell

is identical with that of Martyn’s, I think there can be no doubt ;*

and while we regret that the former must lose the name, from want

of priority, we can claim for him the merit of independently point-

ing out the distinctive characters of a shell, which no author, since

the days of Martyn, has distinctly recognized.

A Monograph of this genus appeared in 1830, in Sowerby’s

Conchological Illustrations. In this we find two figures applica-

ble to the species under discussion. Fig. 80, called in his index C.

iistrio, seems to represent the C. reticulata, although the ventral

spot of that species is but faintly indicated. Fig. 166, which he

calls C. reticulata, is perhaps a dwarf variety of that species, and

will be again referred to. In a Catalogue subjoined to this Mon-

ograph, he refers both these figures to C, arabica, thus follow-

ing the example of Gray. But he remarks of the C. arabica,

“ This seers a variable species; the C. histrio and C. reticulata

may possibly prove distinct. I have never seen the C. maculata

of Barnes, but if permitted to form my judgment from his figure, I

should say it was perfectly distinct.” Sowerby has here come

nearer the truth than any other monographer.

* Mr. Barnes in his notice states that the C. maculata is never reticulated, and

it may be thought that this statement is inconsistent with the idea that his shell is

identical with C. reticulata. But it must be remembered that Mr. Barnes was

contrasting his shell with the arabica, which is eminently reticulated. The

groundwork of both reticulata and histrio, may in one sense be considered as a re-

ticulation, embracing the ocellated spots. Martyn’s name was not very appropri-

ate, and were it not for the propriety of a rigid adherence to the law of priority,

we should prefer the name applied by Mr. Barnes.

482 Cyprea reticulata and Cyprea histrio distinct.

Wood's figure in Index Testaceologicus, pl. 16, f. 4, which he

calls C. ist/io, represents only the back of the shell, and it is diffi-

cult to decide to which species it should be referred; but in form

it is nearer to the C. reticulata than to histrio.

Kiener’s splendidly illustrated Monograph, which appeared in

1843, gives a beautiful figure of the true reticulata, but he terms

it histrio, while he figures the true distrio under the title of variety

of C. arabica.

Deshayes, in his late edition of Lamarck’s Animaux sans Ver-

tébres, also commits the same error, by adding Martyn’s figure to

Lamarck’s quotations, and by asserting the identity of the two spe-

cies in a note.

Reeve, in his Conchologia Iconica, the latest authority on this

genus, figures the true reticulata, and under its proper name, but

gives C, histrio as asynonym, showing that he also considered them

identical.

Having thus shown the origin of the confusion which has existed

in regard to these species, and having traced the continuance of

the error, I propose the following corrected synonomy and detailed

description for each, preparatory to pointing out their distinctive

characters.

Cyrrea Reticutara, Martyn. Pl. XVI.F. 1.

C, testa ovata, super convex, castanea, albido ocellata, linea dor-

sali subcentrali, subsinuos&; lateribus albido-lividis, aut plumbeis,

incrassatis, nigro maculatis : basi subpland, albido-livida, labio sin-

istro macula nigra magua notato; rim subcurva, dentibus casta-

neis, extus subproductis.

SYNONOMY.

Cyprea reticulata. Martyn, 1784. Universal Conchology, pl. 15.

C. arlequina, yar. Chemnitz, 1788. Conch. Cab. Vol. X., p. 112.

C. histrio, pars. Gmelin, 1789. 15th edition of Systema Nature,

p- 3403. :

1 C. reticulata. do. do. do.

p. 3420.

No. 4.

Cyprea reticulata and Cyprea histrio distinct. 483

C. arabica, var. histrio, pars. Gray, March, 1824. Monog. in Zoologi-

cal Journal, Vol. I., p. 77.

C. maculata. Barnes, April, 1824. Annals of Lye. Nat. Hist., Vol. I.,

pp. 132, 385, pl. 9, f. 1.

C. arabica, var. Sowerby, 1830. Conchological Illustrations, f. 80.

C. histrio. Deshayes, 1832. Enc. Méth. Vers., t.3, p. 817, No. 8.

(fig. excl.)

C. histrio. Kiener, 1843. Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes, Gen.

Cyprea, p. 104, tab. 18, f 1.

C. histrio, pars. Deshayes, 1844. Ed. Lamarck’s Anim. sans Verté-

bres, Vol. 10, p. 496.

C. reticulata. Reeve, (syn. excl.) 1846. Conchologia Iconica, Genus

Cyprea, pl. 1, f. 3.

DescriptTion.—Shell ovate, very convex, and sometimes subgib-

bous aboye, flattened beneath; sides strongly thickened; spire

apparent. The celor above is a deep chesnut-brown, everywhere

sprinkled with round whitish or yellowish spots, usually isolated,

but sometimes confluent. Beside these spots, the groundwork of

the coloring is broken in upon by occasional minuter white spots

and longitudinal lines, irregularly diffused. Dorsal line nearly cen-

tral, somewhat irregular, and undulating. The sides are whitish,

passing into bluish gray, and thickly covered with inteusely brown

or black spots, which are often transversely extended. A large

spot of this character always appears upon each side of the ante-

rior and posterior emarginations. Color beneath whitish, slightly

clouded with brown, with a dark-brown or black spot on the cen-

tre of the left lip. This spot may be more or less obscured by a

subsequent deposite of enamel, but is always apparent. The aper-

ture is slightly curved, the columellar lip flattened within, and

deeply hollowed toward the lower or anterior end. Teeth usually

about 25 in number on each side, but varying from 20 to 30; well

defined, chesnut-brown, which color extends outwardly beyond the

real extent of the teeth, particularly near the centre of the left mar-

gin, where they seem to extend nearly to the dark spot mentioned

above.

Length 2.9 inches. Breadth 2.0. Height 1.6,

Hasitar.—l| am not in possession of sufficient facts to determine

the geographical limits of this species, but so far as [ know it is

pty eS

484 Cyprea reticulata and Cyprea histiio distinct.

confined to the tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean. Great num-

bers of them are brought from the Polynesian Islands, by Ameri-

can whaling vessels. Martyn’s specimens were from the Friendly

Islands.

Cyprwa uistrio. Meuschen. Pl. XVI. Fig. 2.

C. testa ovata, ad extremitates subattenuata, super convexd,

interdum turgida, castaned, ocellis albidis rotundatis aut polygo-

nis; macula nigra juxta spiram: lined dorsali recta, propriore la-

terem sinistrum; lateribus albido-fulvis, nigro sparsim maeulatis ;

basi subconvexa, albido-fulva aut violascente; rima subrecta, den-

tibus castaneis, extUs non productis.

SYNONOMY.*

Lister, 1688. Hist. Conch., t. 659; f. 3, a.

Knorr, 1766. Vergnugen, 2, t. 16, f. 1.

Cyprea hisivio. Meuschen, 1787. Museum Geversianum, p. 404.

C. arlequina. Chemnitz, 1788. Conch. Cab. 10, p. 110, tab. 145, f-

1346, 1347.

C. histrio, pars. Gmelin, 1789. 13th ed. of Systema Nature, p. 3403.

€. histrio. Brug.,18!6, Enc. Méthodique, pl. 351, f. 1, a. b.

C. histrio, pars. Dillwyn, 1817. Descriptive Catalogue, Vol. I., p. 439,

No. 4.

€. histrio. Lamarck, 1822. Animaux sans Vertébres, Vol. VII, p. 379.

C. arabica, var. histrio, pars. Gray, 1824. Monog. in Zoological Jour-

nal, Vol. I., p. 77.

? C. arabica, var. depressa do. do. do.

Vor 3, 74:

? €. histrio. Quoy & Gaimard, 1833. Voyage de l’Astrolabe, t. 3, p-

30, pl. 47, f£ 10, 11, with animal.

C. arabica, var. Kiener, 1543. Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes,,

Genus Cypriva, p. 106, pl. 17, f. 2.

* The figures of Bonanni, Rumphius, Petiver, and Wood, are so ambiguous, that:

I have deemed it best to omit all reference to them. ‘The figure in the Voyage of

the Astrolabe, I also quote with some doubt, since it represents the shell nearly

covered by the folds of the mantle. The small portion of the back of the shell.

which is visible, is not sufficient to enable me to refer it with certainty to the

istrio. In this connection, I am happy to acknowledge my obligations to Dr.

John C. Jay, of Rye, for the means which his extensive conchological library has

afforded, of verifying the most of the synonomy given im this paper.

Cyprea reticulata and Cyprea histrio distinct. 485

C. histrio, pars. Deshayes, 1844. Edit. Lamarck’s Anim. sans Vert.,

Vol. X., p.496.

Descrirtion.—Shell ovate, slightly attenuated at the extremi-

tles, very convex above, slightly so beneath; sides moderately

thickened; spire apparent. The color above is chesnut-brown,

and there are transverse bands perceptible where the color is deep-

er than in the intermediate spaces. Back covered with whitish

spots, which are round or polygonal, and occasionally confluent.

The chesnut ground-work is also interrupted, or mottled, toa greater

degree than in the former species, by irregular, smaller white spots

or lines. A black stain usually apparent to the left of, and just

behind the spire. Dorsal line nearer the left margin, almost straight.

Sides whitish, sometimes passing into flesh-color, or with a slight

tinge of peach-blossom, sprinkled with black spots, which are

sometimes transversely extended. These spots also appear on

each side of the posterior and anterior emarginations, as in the for-

mer species, but are not to be confounded with the blotch or stain

just mentioned as existing near the spire. Color beneath, the same

as the sides, with ro trace of the labial spot found in the preceding

species. Aperture less curved than in the C. reticulata; columel-

lar lip same as in that. Teeth chesnut-browh, well defined, but

not extending upon the ventral face; usually about 28 on each

side, but varying from 25 to 32.

Length, 2.6 inches. Breadth, 1.5. Height, 1.3.

Hasitat. Gmelin and other early writers assien the Indian

Ocean as the locality of this species. The specimens brought to

this country usually come from that ocean, and I am not aware that

it occurs eastward of Australia.

The preceding descriptions are founded, of course, on the full-

sized adult shell. In the young state, the shells present fewer dif-

ferences, and are difficult to distinguish from the young of the C.

arabica. I have found, however, that the peculiar ventral spot of

the C. reticulata becomes apparent at a very early period, long

before the exterior coat of enamel is perfected.

That the two shells described above present striking resem-

blances, in the general character of their marking, cannot be denied;

‘Ole

486 Cyprea reticulata and Cyprea histrio distinct.

but that they also present differences equally striking and constant,

must, I think, be acknowledged. These differences extend to the

general form, to the shape of the aperture, as well as to the marking.

In form the C. reticulata is much broader, more thickened at the

sides, less attenuated at the extremities, and less convex beneath

than the C. histrio. In some specimens of the former, the sides

are so much thickened as to give the shell very much the form of

the C. Mauritiana or C. caput-serpentis. This excessive thicken-

ing never takes place in the Aéstrio, which in form is nearer the C.

¢nappa than to the species just named. The aperture of the histrio

is less curved than in the reticulata, while in the latter the teeth ex-

tend farther on the ventral face of the shell than in the former. I

have not found the number of teeth to be a very reliable character

in this genus, adult specimens of small size having fewer teeth than

larger specimens of the same degree of maturity. I do not, there-

fore, use this as a distinctive character in the present case ; though

in the specimens I have examined, I have found the number of

teeth in the /istrio to average higher than in the reticulata.

In the markings of the two species we find the following constant

distinctions, The whitish spots on the back of the C. reticulata

ure usually more distant and isolated, and less inclined to be poly-

gonal than is the C. histrio, and the; chesnut groundwork which

separates them is less interrupted or mottled with minuter white

spots or lines. The dorsal line is nearly central, and more or less

irregular and undulating in the reticulata, while it is straight, and

much nearer the left side of the shell when placed back upwards,

in the Aéstrio. Iu the latter, there is usually a black stain at the

left of the spire, and though I have seen specimens of the histrio

in which this was not apparent, I have never seen a reticulata

which shewed it, On the other hand, the ventral blotch of the

reticulata, which in that is always more or less visible, (unless that

be an exception which I shall soon mention,) is never seen in the

C. histrio. In the latter, the dark spots on the sides are usually

Jess frequent and smaller than in the former, and the under side of

the shell is of a lighter color, more inclined to flesh-color, or peach-

bloom. It may also be remarked, that in the Aistrio, the dark

transverse bands which are found in the earlier stage of growth, are

Pr 4

h xy 8

Cyprea reticulata and Uyprea histrio distinct. 487

perceptible in the adult shell beneath the richly painted enamel which

is last deposited. In the reticulata, this peculiarity is seldom seen.

On reviewing these distinctive characters, I think we may justly

conclude, that the Cypree@ vitellus and melanostoma, the C. lurida

and pulckra, the C. cervus and exanthema, the C. talpa and exusta,

or the C. mus and leucostoma, are not more distinct each from the

other, than are the two species we have been considering, and that

if authors will unite the latter, it will be difficult to find justifiable

ground for separating the former.

The fact that the two species in question occupy distinet geo-

graphical fields, seems to confirm the views which I have here

expressed. It will also account for the acquaintance of the earlier

European naturalists with the one species, and their silence in

regard to the other. The distant commerce of Europe, during the

seventeenth and earlier part of the eighteenth century, was mainly

with the East Indies, by way of the cape of Good Hope; hence

the C. histrio of the Indian Ocean seems to have been well known

as early as 1688, and perhaps 1681. On the other hand, the com-

merce and whale fisheries of the Pacific, which have now become

so extended and important, had then hardly an existence. Accord-

ingly, with a single exception, the C. reticulata appears to have

been almost unknown until the present century. Martyn, who almos

alone of the writers of the last century knew the shell, received it

as has been mentioned, from the Friendly Islands. The date of his

work (1784) renders it not an unlikely supposition, that his shell

was brought home by the third expedition of Cook, who touched

at those islands in 1777.*

* The following quotation from the close of Chemnitz’s description of his C

arlequina, not only seems to confirm these views, but shows how accurately he

had discriminated between the shells in question. After stating that the C. arle-

quina inhabits the seas of the East Indies, particularly the shores of St. Maurice,

(Mauritius?) he says—‘‘ Among the South Sea shells which have been communi-

cated to us from Cook’s voyages, there is also an excellent harlequin. On the

upper surface I notice more regular rings, and a darker enclosure of the eyes and

spots. On the side margins are several blackish brown drops and spots, with which

~ even a great portion of the under surface is tigered, as it were. Each lip has only

22 teeth, which are of a blackish brown color. This shell was found on the shore

of Otaheite.”

_ 488 Cypraa reticulatasand Cyprea histrio distinct.

I have purposely left to the close of this paper some remarks .

ow! a shell which seems.to have attracted the attention of nearlyall =

the writers on this genus, and which they have generally consid- -

ered as a variety of C. arabica. The shell I refer to is that figured

by Kiener, in his pl. 4, fig. 3, by this title, and is represented on

our Pl. xvi. fig. 3.. The following references seem to indicate the

same,

C. arabica var 8. Cmelin, 13th edit. Syst. Naturae, p. 3398.

Enc. Méthod. pl. 352, f..5.

C. arabica var. Lamarck. Hist. Anim sans Vertébres. Vol. 7, p. 378. , ‘

do. « var. intermedia, Gray. Monog. Cypreidae, Zool. Jour. L. p. 77.

do. var. Sowerby. Conchological Illustrations, f. 166. Lahr

e > °

I have at times been strongly inclined to view this as a distinct

species, but its character is so ambiguous, that I am not prepared "

to maintain it as such. It approaches, however, much nearer to .

the C. reticulata, than.to the C. arabica, and if it be retained’ as

a variety, se must be transferred to the former species. In-

deed, it seems to differ from the typical C. reticulata, only inet

being of a much smaller size, more thickened at the sides, and

destitute of the ventral blotch of that species. Notwithstanding

this latter characteristic, it can never be confounded withthe C. _

histrio. ‘The teeth are fewer in number than in the typical retieu- P

lata, but this, as I have remarked, may be owing to its diminished

size. More accurate knowledge of the animal} of its locality and

habits, will no doubt lead to a just determination of its claims to

the rank of a species. Should it prove specifically distinct, the

name proposed by Gray for it as a variety would be extremely

appropriate, viz., Cypraa intermedia.

1g ei! wp tee

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Description of a New Srectes of Wooprecker, by Wiuram L.

Jones, M, D., Read 13th March, 1847.

¢ *

4 Pirie Le Contei 3 Supra nigro et albo variegatus, parte ante-

5 “Tiore colli, lateribus, et pectore pallide.cinereo-fuseis ; fascia lata

tubra occipitali, maculaque magna sordide-alba in regione supra

ad seapulari : mento et ventre subalbis. Pedibus tridactylis, rostro

- compresso. Hab. in Georgia. Lon. 5 9, poll—Plate XVIII. ~

> Descrierion.—Bill at base as high as it is broad, compressed

toward the point, slender and terminating rather abruptly. Ridge

upper mandible slightly curved. Length from gape 45 of an

‘ inch—nostrils concealed by bristly feathers. Tarsus feathered at

> its upper part—compressed, shorter than the third toe with its

claw length 54, of an inch. First toe wanting—fourth longest,

versatile. Fourth quill-feather longest, third shorter than the

fifth and longer than the sixth; second shorter than the eighth

and longer than the ninth. Feathers of the back and under parts

loose and blended. Ten feathers in the tail which are rather nar-

row and somewhat pointed. Length 5 ,°, inches, alar extent 11

+ dnches, wing from flexure 3 7, inches. ‘7

Cotor.—Crown black, nasal feathers dirty white; a broad

white line passes from the base of the upper mandible over the eye

and terminates in a broad, red occipital band; beneath this a black

line passing through the eye, meeting on the occiput and extend-

ing down the neck ; beneath this another white line which expands

into a broad patch upon the supra-scapular region—beneath this’

a narrow line of black extending to the scapula. Flexure of wing,

scapulars and upper-tail coverts black. First and secondary wing

coverts black with spots near their tips; quills black, barred with

white. Two middle-tail feathers black, the next pair with a little

white on their outer webs—the third pair with a large patch of

white on its outer web, extending into the inner near the tip. Two

outer pairs dirty white with two or three black bars. Lower tail

mM + eoverts white, spotted with black—throat and vent dirty white;

, =

—_

” > & ° “* “ >

; ae ’ +

490 Description of a New Species of Woodpecker.

fore-part of neck, breast, sides and under wing coverts pale-cinere-

ous-brown.

From Swainson’s description of his P. meridionalis, it must re-

semble this bird very closely, differing chiefly in the number of

toes and relative length of quills. This differs from the P. pubes-

cus in the color of its under parts—in being smaller and having a

less conical bill. In their wonderful fondness for numerous genera

and sub-genera, many modern Ornithologists would no doubt place

this species in some one of the subdivisions of this class of birds.

But until some more natural and scientific basis of cla8sification is

discovered, I prefer to place it in the genus Picus of Linnzeus—

The specimen from which this description is taken was shot in

Liberty County, Georgia, on the 14th of April, 1847. Its habits

appeared to be similar to those of the “ pubesceus.” There is no

rudiment of the first toe, but this may possibly be the result of an

arrest of development. Farther specimens will be necessary to

establish the species perfectly. I have named it “ Lecontei,” in

honor of my friend Joseph Le Conte, M. D., of Georgia—a young

naturalist of great zeal and ability, and whois particularly devoted

to the science of Ornithology. For the beautiful drawing which

accompanys this description, I am indebted to my friend Mr. Geo.

N. Lawrence, well known to Naturalists for his valuable contribu-

tions to the science.

Descriptions of New Species of Bunria and MaRrGINELLA, wit

Notes upon G. B. Sowersy, Jr’s. Monograph of the latter

genus, by Joun H. Reprizty. Read May 22d, 1848.

1. BULLIA plicata. Plate XVII, Fig. 1.

TestA elongato-turrita, albido-lutescente : anfractibus septem planatis, superné

erenulato plicatis, inferné callosis ; columella excavata, subsinnata, callosd ; labro

tenui ; apertura levi, castanea, anticé late emarginata.

Descrirtion.—Shell elongate, turreted, yellowish white, tinged

on the back with brownish yellow. Whorls seven, flattened, cre-

nately plicated beneath the sutures. The upper whorls are cov-

ered with a callosity extending from their base over about three

fourths of their height, leaving only the sutural plications exposed.

This callosity follows the turns of the shell, until it reaches the

commencement of the last whorl, where it loses itself upon the

columellar lip. Columella excavated, slightly twisted, white—

Three or four prominent strize emerge from beneath the columel-

lar callosity in a line with the termination of the suture, and con-

tinue to the basal or anterior portion of the right lip. Below these

striz is an area covered with fine incremental strize concentric to

the basal notch, which is broad, and rather deep. Right lip thin,

Aperture smooth, colored with chesnut-brown toward its upper

portion. >

Length 3.1 inches (79 millimetres.) Breadth 1.7 inches (43 mil-

limetres.) Spiral divergence 30°.

Hasirat.—Not precisely known, but from the fact that it was

found in company with Monoceros lugubre Sow. and other shells in-

habiting the East Pacific, it is probable that it was brought from

California or Central America.

Remarks.—This is the largest species of Bullia yet known,

though not so ponderous as B. gradata (Desh.) Reeve. It can-

not be confounded with any of the species described in Reeve’s

Monograph of that genus.

492 Descriptions of New Species of Bullia and Marginella.

2. MARGINELLA Chrysomelina. Plate XVIL., Fig. 2.

Testa ovali, nitida, albA ; maculis subquadratis fulvis sexfasciatd ; fasciis inter-

mediis niveis ; spira retusa, obtecta; apertura angusta, anticé valdé emarginata :

labro intus crenulato, extus albo, varicoso ; columella 6 aut 7 plicata, plicis supe-

rioribus obscuris ; plicd penultima tumida, bifida, exterius producta.

Description.—Shell oval, polished, whitish, crossed by six rows

of quadrangular or roundish yellowish spots; between each of

these rows is a narrow band of pure white. Spire retuse, concealed

by a copious deposite of callus: Right lip toothed within, broadly

reflected externally, white. Columella with six or seven folds.—

The last but one, is much broader and stouter than the rest, bifid,

and extends outwardly nearly to the basal notch which is very deep.

Length 0.23 inches (6 millimetres.) Breadth 0.14 inches (3$

millimetres).

Hasirar.— West Indies ?

Remarks.—An elegant little shell belonging to the group of

which M. tesselata, multilineata, interrup’a and obesa form a part,

and closely allied to the first. It differs from that in its much more

diminutive size, more delicate style of coloring, and the-wider sepa-

ration of the tesselated bands. The right lip is more strongly re-

flected and devoid of the chesnut color exhibited in the MW. fesse-

lata. ‘The specimens on which this description is founded were

kindly furnished me by Professor C. B. Adams, of Amherst Col-

lege, Massachusetts.

‘

3. MARGINELLA Philippinarum. Plate XVIL., Fig. 3.

Marginella avena, Sow. jr., (not Kiener) Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Vol. i. p. 391,

Plate 76, Fig. 130.

Test elongato-ovata, cylindracea, nitida, subdiaphand, flavidd, rufo pallidé tri-

fasciata ; spird breyi, obtusa ; anfractibus quatuor, vix perspicuis: labro albo, prope

medium constricto, exttis subyaricoso, aurantio subtincto: plicis quatuor, duabus

anterioribus obliquis, in unam convergentibus.

Descrirtion.—Shell oblong-ovate, cylindric, polished, some-

what diaphanous, yellowish white, crossed by three bands of a

darker color. Spire short, with about four whorls, Suture incon.

Descriptions of New Species of Bullia and Marginelia. 495

spicuous. Right lip smooth, white, constricted about midway, ex-

ternally slightly reflected, and faintly tinged with orange. Columel-

lar folds four, all oblique, the lower two the most so, and converging

into one at their anterior termination. ,

Length 0.6 inches (15 millimetres). Breadth 0.28 inches (7

millimetres).

Hasrrat.—Philippine Islands.

Rrmarxs.—-This species is very closely related to the JM. avena

Valenc., and may be regarded as the eastern analogue of that spe-

cies. It however attains a largersize, its spire is shorter and more

obtuse, and its right lip is more inflected, and more thickened ex-

ternally. G.B. Sowerby, jr., in his recent monograph has well

discriminated between the two species; but is, I think, decidedly

wrong in applying the name avena to the eastern species, and in

describing the West India species as new under the title of M.

varia. By reference to Kiener’s original figure and description of

M. avena, (so named in MSS. by Valenciennes,) it will be seen to

better represent the shell called. M. varia by Sowerby than the

one under discussion, while the habitat is there explicitly stated to

be “the seas of the West Indies.” ‘If this be so, Sowerby’s M

varia must reassume the name of JM. avena, justifying us in apply-

jng a new title to the species above described.

The recent monograph of the genus Marginella by G. B. Sow-

erby, jr., in the Thesaurus Conchyliorum, is a most valuable con-

tribution to our knowledge of this genus. The number of species

known to Lamarck of the genera Marginella and Volvaria, (now

generally united) was 29, which in the edition by Deshayes are in-

creased to 44. Kiener’s monograph, including the supplement,

enumerates 56 species. The Thesaurus, while it excludes several

species now referred to the genus Erato, describes and figures 108

species, of which 18 now appear for the first time. In general, the

figures are characteristic, and the species well defined. It may not

be amiss, however, to point out what seem to be a few errors in

the determinations and synonomy of the work referred to.

Species No. 37. M. carulescens, Lam. Fig. 155, referred to under

this title, as a dwarf variety, differs so much from the typical form,

that I am constrained to view it as a distinct species, and have little

doubt of its identity with M. Storeria of Couthouy, figured and de-

scribed in Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. 1. It is the same shell which

in Prof. Adams’ catalogue is denominated M. wnicolor, Lister—

This latter name is given by Kiener as a synonyme of M. curta,

Sow.; but by reference to Lister's work it will be found that he

has nowhere so named any species of Marginella.

The established rules of nomenclature require Gmelin’s name

prunum to be preferred to Lamark’s caerulescens. Mr. Sowerby

merely gives the former as a synonyme.

No. 45. M. elegans, Gmel. I cannot agree with Mr. Sowerby

in the propriety of uniting M. elegans, Gmel., and M. undulata,

Chemn. The differences in size and marking, conjoined with the

fact that one has six and the other but five plaits, seem to justify

previous authors in separating them.

No. 51. M. conoidalis, Kiener. If this be really identical with

M. apicina, Menke—as I have supposed, and as Mr, Sowerby

states—the latter name should take precedence, having been ap-

plied in 1830. Sowerby's figures 97, 98, and 100 seem to repre-

sent M. flavida nobis, which is certainly closely allied to M.

apicina, and may prove identical), though I am still of opinion that

it is distinct.

No. 58. M. triticea, Lam, Sowerby’s shell cannot be the M.

triticea of Kiener if the figures of both authors are faithful.

No. 80. M. guttata, Swainson, The name guttata had been ap-

plied by Dillwyn in 1817 to the shell afterwards known as M-

long waricosa, Lam, Swainson’s name will not therefore stand, and

we must fall back on Kiener’s title M. maculosa.

No. 55. M. similis, Sow. This is identical with M. obesa nobis,

described and figured in this Journal in March, 1846, while Mr.

Sowerby’s first description was not published until the close of the

same year.

No. 85". M.obesa, Sow. This name being pre-occupied as above,

this species must take another name. I would propose M. pyru-

ata.

Descriptions of New Species of Bullia and Marginella. 495

No. 90. M. longivaricosa,Lam. Dillwyn’s name, M. guttata, takes

precedence, as already mentioned.

No. 92. M. carnea, Storer. Sowerby should have made his fig.

103, the type of this species and not the variety. (See Storer’s

figure and description in Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. 1.) I doubt

whether the figures he has quoted as typical really belong to this

species. They seem more nearly related to M. guttata Dillwyn, but

may prove distinct from either.

No. 97. M. persicula, (Lin.) Lam. Mr. Sowerby judiciously re-

unites to this species the M. avellana, Lam., which differs only in

the smaller size and greater number of its spots, an unsafe char-

acter in this genus.

No. 98. M.limeata, Lam. Named cengulata by Dillwyn in 1817,

who should be followed.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE QuANTITY OF RAIN AT Dirrerent Hetcnts.

Read July, 27th, 1846, by O. W. Morris.

Observations on the quantity of rain .that falls at different

heights have been made in France and England; the results of

which have been published at various times, and the Regents of

the University of this State have recommended that similar obser-

vations should be made by the literary institutions under their care:

such may have been made, but they have not been published, or.

have not come under our obseryation, although it is very desirable

that they should be made known, for they may serve still farther

to unravel many of the mysterious laws of the Creator, and to make

his wisdom and goodness more conspicuous, in making use of

means to bring about a desirable result.

A little more than a year since observations were commenced

at the institution for the deaf and dumb, and two gages fixed at

different heights—one about five feet from the ground and the

other on the top of the institution, about eighty feet above the first ;

and the quantity of rain and melted snow that has fallen has been

carefully noted, and the result has been, that much more has been

collected in the lower gage, than in the upper; thus corresponding

in some degree with the results obtained in Europe. The gages

used were the conical gages, first made by Simeon De Witt, Esgq.,

former Surveyer General, and recommended by the Regents of

the University.

The reasons of this difference are not so easily accounted for, as

in the warm seasons, the temperature is greater near the surface

of the ground, than at 30, 40, or more feet above it. But may it

not be the case, that this/in itself, is a very good cause, as the great-

est difference occurs in the warmest season of the year? The

heat at the surface converts the falling water into vapor, which

rising is condensed again, and united with the drops of rain from

Quantity of Rain at Different Heights. 497

a colder region as they fall: thus increasing the quantity near the

surface. ’ ,

It may be observed that the difference is much increased by a

violent wind, but whether this is owing to the situations of the

gages or the different powers of condensation, has not been satis-

factorily determined.

Observers in France and England conclude that the difference

in quantity, decreases in warm regions, and increases in cold. In

1834, there was much less difference in Paris, than at York, Eng-

land. Sothere may be less difference in daily than in nightly

periods.

The conclusion arrived at by Mr. Harris is, that “the result de-

pended on two conditions: viz. The vertical measure of the tract

of air, intervening between the two stations, and the temperature

of the season of the year. The former determining the ratio of the

differences of the quantity of rain at different elevations above the

ground; andthe latter influencing the amount of these differences

—but the latter’ depends some upon the season of the year.”

The quantities of rain, and difference in quantity, with the ratios

of the quantities at three different stations, for three years, in dif-

ferent seasons, in York, England: viz. on York Minster, 2121$

feet from the ground—on the museum 43.8, feet, and onthe ground

from the same gentlemen are as follows:

Minster. Museum. Ground, Difference. Ratios.

3 Summer Months, 13.473 17.430 20.306 6.833-2.876 66.35-85.83

3 Winter ES 14.138 12.170 17.320 3.182-5.150 49.94-70,26

5 Warmer ‘ 20.042 26.126 30.916 10.874—4.790 64.82-84.50

5 Colder gs 14.130 19.789 26.879 12.749-7.090 52.60-73.62

7 Warmer * 24.834 32.320 38.551 13.717-6.231 64.42-83.84

7 Colder ge 18.820 25 100 33.999 15.179-8.899 53.58-73.82

The total results at the same place for 1833 and 1834, were:

14.963 19.852 25.706 10.743-5.854 58.20-77.21

At Bransby, 12 miles north, on a level with the Minster, it was

24,000 inches on the ground,

At York, from Feb. Ist. 1834, to Jan. 31st 1835, the result of

the observations was :

498 Quantity of Rain at Different Heights.

Minster. Museum. Ground. Difference.

Feb. 480 -670 1.040 560 .370

March .456 -710 1.034 578 .324

April 193 326 558 365 232

May 1.029 1.282 1.475 446 .193

June 1.080 1.726 1.862 -782 .136

July 1.951 2.885 3.565 1.614 .680

Aug. 893 1.300 1.760 867 .460

at.” el oy, 1.526 1.815 688 .289

1835. Jan. 1.085 1.710 2.830 1.745 1.120

Ratios. 52.03 76.13 Total difference 7.645 3.804.

At Bolton-Cravan, the results for six months of 1834 and ’35, by

Mr. Littledale, were

81 6-12 feet above ground. 34 2-12 feet and 61-2feet. 4 f° Difference. *

16.53 18.81 19.41 2.88 .60 —

These results will be seen to correspond with those obtained

here in two gages for sixteen months from February 1845, to July

15th 1846.

Eigty-five feet above ground. Five feet. Difference.

February 1.460 2.082 -622

March 1.825 2.920 1.095

April -682 1.242 560

May 1.560 2.158 5.98

June 3.020 4.225 1.205

July (to 15th) -750 890 140

September 1.900 2.690 -790

October 3.420 4.930 1.510

November 2.235 2.948 713

December 1.890 3.411 1.521

1846. January 2.875 4.496 1.621

February 8.860 8.940 .680

March 2.130 3.420 1.290

April 1.520 2.625 1.105

May 7.950 9.750 1.800

June 970 1.465 495

July (15th) 1.640 2.040 400

Total 44.687 60.232 15.545

The difference for the first 11 1-2 months was - - - 10.455

ss “ last‘ “ a6 11.325

as “ the whole 16 “ & 15.545

Quantity of Rain at Different Heights. 499

Which is almost twice as much as at York Minster, which is

more than 2} times higher, and almost 3 times greater than

at the Museum, which is about half as high. This difference

may be owing in some degree, to the different construction of the

gages, and some to the difference of temperature of the two places»

but our observations are not sufficiently perfect, to warrant us in

saying that we have arrived at a correct conclusion. It will, how-

ever, show that by proper attention, much on this subject may yet

be gleaned from the hidden arcana of Nature, and we hope to be

able at some future time, to present more enlarged and correct

results.

500 _ Observations on the Weather,

OBSERVATIONS, ’

Made in New-York on the State of the Weather, before and after

the Appearance of Auroras and Haloes—on the Quantity of Rain

at Different Elevations, with other Meterological Results: By

O. W. Morris, of the New-York Institution for the Instruction

of the Deaf aud Dumb,

WEATHER, BEFORE AND AFTER AURORAS AND HALOES.

; 1847. jAuroras& Haloes, Wind Preceding. Succeeding,

Jan. | 23 | Lunar Halo. |S W.|Fifth day, rain. Third day, rain.

Feb. | 24 do W. |Second * snow. Same night, snow.

March! 19 Aurora. W. | Day before,snow and rain|/Next three days rain

«| 27 | Lunar Halo. |\N.W.|Same day, snow. Third day, snow.

« 28 |do. & Aurora.|N.W. Day before, snow. Second day, snow.

April.| 7 Aurora. W. | do. rainand snow./Next do. rain.

“ 5y| Solar Halo. |N.W.|Third day, do. do. do. rain.

“ 19 do S. E.| Day before, rain. do. do. rain.

May. | 26 | Lunar Halo. | W. |Same day, do. Fourth do. do.

“ 27 do S. E.|\Day before, do. Third day, snow.

June. | 28 do W. do. do. Next do. do.

Aug. | 4 Aurora. W. |Third day, do. do. do.

“ 21 | Lunar Halo. | W. |Ninth do. do. Seventh do.

Sept. | 16 Aurora. (|S. E.)'Third do. do. Third do.

“ 23 | Lunar Halo. |S. W.|Fourth do. — do. Next do.

+8 29 Aurora. | W. |Day before do. Day after, do.

Nov. | 1 do W. |Bighth day do. Sixth day, do.

“ 14 do W. |Same do. Fifth do. do.

is “* | Lunar Halo. | W. do do. do. do.

ee 18 do S. E Fourth do. do. Day after do.

“ 20 do N. E |Day before, do. Second day do.

66 26 Aurora. N.W.|Second day, do. do. snow.

Dec. | 20 | Lunar Halo. | N. do. snow. do do.

Auroras, 9. Solar Haloes, 2. Lunar Haloes, 13.

As a clouded state of the atmosphere often prevents the observations of Auroras

at many localities where they would otherwise be visible, and as clouded or stormy

weather makes a daily progress from place to place, no specific inductions are at-

tempted from these observations.

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Observations on the Weather. 503

The two Rain Gages have been observed during ten and a half

months of the year. The lower gage occupies a position, about

two hundred feet distant from any building, and about five feet from-

the ground: the upper one is on the top of the building, about

eighty feet above the other. The quantity of water has been care-

fully measured in both, and recorded: that in the lower, is 46.92

inches, and that in the upper is 38.44 inches, showing a difference

of 8.48 inches, or an average of a little more than .8 per month.

In making an estimate of the true quantity, however, the water

from melted snow should be rejected, because with the present in-

struments the difference in the quantity of snow cannot be accurate-

ly measured, owng to the force of the wind, &c.: this leaves the

quantity of rain for that time in the lower gage, 41.675 inches, and

in the upper 32.185 inches, showing a difference of 9.49 inches, an

average of .903, per month.

There are many circumstances to be taken into consideration in

coming to a true result ; such as violence of the wind, time of the

day when it rains, density of the atmosphere at the commencement

as foggy, misty and cool, or hot and dry, or after a long interval of

dry weather, &c. A long continued and careful series of observa-

tions may be necessary in order to furnish a solution of this differ-

ence in quantity, which has already engaged the attention of many

scientific men, who have not been able, as yet, to agree upon any

general principles to account for it.

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Musical Intonation and Temperament. 505

sound more acute than this is utterly inaudible to human ears. Each

of these numbers is just double the preceding.

Let us go backwards a moment, halving the numbers. I said

128 pulsations a second make Dot; 64, Do*; 32, Do*; and 16, Do’.

If 8 vibrations per second make a sound, it must be named Do°; 4,

Do-'; 2, Do-* and 1 vibration a second, Do-*. From this imaginary

point let us ascend again. 1 vibration should produce Do-* ; 2, Do-’;

and 4, Do-’. Now, 3 vibrations should produce a sound between Do-*

and Do-'; let its name be Soxt-*. Doubie this, and 6 pulsations should

make Sol-'; and 12, Sol-°; 24 make Sol'; 48, Sol’; 96, Sol*;

-192, Solt, &c. Thus between each Do and the one above there is a

Sol. The interval between Sol and the Do below is 2: 3; that be-

tween Sol and Do above is 3: 4. Thus Dot,is 128; Sol‘ is 192.

Now, 128 : 192-:: 2:3. And 192 : 256 (Middle Do,) :: 3: 4.

Again, 5 pulsations a second should form a theoretical sound be-

tween Do-’ and Sol-". The name is Mr-. Doubling this, we have

Mi’, 10; Mi’, 20; Mi’, 40; Mi’, 80; Mit, 160; Mi, 320; d&e.

So between each Do and the Sol above is a Mi, which is to the Do

as5:4,and tothe Solas5:6. Thus Do‘is to Mi‘ as 128: 160:: 4:5,

. and Mi* to Sol* as 160: 192 :: 5:6. Observe,

now, from these data how to calculate the in- 4 5

terval from Do to Sol. It cannnot be done by Bees: si

addition. We must compound the ratios 4:5 10) 20 : 380

and 5:6; multiplying, we have 20: 30, and “2 a

dividing by 10, 2 : 3, as in the margin.

Thus far we see 1 pulsation per second should yield Do-* ; 2, Do-;

3, Sol’; 4, Do-"; 5, Mi-"; 6, Sol-’; 8, Do-°. A new pitch, named Re’,

should arise from 9 vibrations ; Re’, 18 ; Re, 36; &c. 15 vibrations

would be Sr’: 30, Si’; &c. No other even vibrations per second

yield a pitch to which we need now give a name. Between these

pitches there are two large intervals. One is between Mi and Sol,

of 526. We must have an intermediate pitch, and will call its name

Fa. We will take it as much above Do! as Do’ is above Sol’, that is

3:4, Now 3:4 :: 16: 214, which is our Fa’. Here is a disagree-

able fraction which follows us through every Fa, as Fa’, 42 3; Fas,

85g; Fa‘, 1703; &c. We find the interval from Mi to Fa! to be

20 : 214, which is 60 : 64, which is 15 : 16, the same as from Si to

Do. And the interval from Fa’ to Sol’ is 214 : 24 :: 64: 72 :: 8: 9

506 Musical Intonation and Temperament.

the same as from Do to Re. Compounding these, we have the inter-

val Mi to Sol, 5: 6, as before. a

The interval between Sol and Siis still larger, 4: 5, the same as

from Do to Mi. We will put in a sound La, the same as the Re be-

tween Do and Mi, making Sol: La::8:9, and La:Si::9:10. La’,

then, makes 262 vibrations a second

We have now established 7 pitches between Do’ and De? - They

are found in capitals in the table of Diatonic Scales. The ratios of

vibrations, and the intervals between them, are placed at the bottom,

We see there only 3 kinds of intervals, 8:9 and 9:10, both called a

‘Tone, (which we distinguish by calling one the greater Tone, and

the other the lesser Tone,) and 15: 16, called in barbarous mixture of

Greek and Latin, Semitone, but more properly Hemrrone. The in-

terval from any of these pitches to the next above or below is called

a Snconp; to the next but one, a Turrp, &c.; and to the eighth

above or below, an Octave. Thus from Fa’ to Fa’ is an octave 5

from Si’ to Re? is a third, &c. Every pitch resembles its octaves

more than it does any other pitch. ‘Thus Fa® can be readily told

from Mi’ or Sol’, but is in one sense zdentical with Fa* and Fa’.

Hence they all bear the name of Fa. So of all the rest.

Any series of 8 pitches whatever, having between them the seven

intervals, Tonr, Tone, Hemitone, Tonr, Tone, Tonr, Hemitone,

is called a Draronic Scate. Any Diatonic Scale beginning and

ending with Do, as that in the table, is called the Draronte Scare

oF Do; and music composed of these pitches is said to be in the Key

or Do. The first and last note of any Diatonic scale is called Tontc,

the second Surzr'ronic, &c. We give the names at the head of the

table. Jour more ndtes are occasionally wanted in each octave.

These are a grave second, a flat seventh, a.sharp fourth, and a sharp

fiflh. ‘They are accordingly added to the table.

Furnished with these sounds, we can produce the air of any un-

modulated piece of music we choose. Suppose, now, Archdale were

written in the Key of Do, of which we have given the Diatonic

scale. It begins on the tonic. The highest note is an octave

above, and the lowest a fourth below. If the first sound were Do’,

the highest would be Do*; much higher than the female voice can

well reach. But if the first note be taken on Do‘, the lowest would

be Sol’; too low fora lady’s voice. Some other key, as of Sol,

must be used,

NOTE TO THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE.

The following paragraphs were removed from the body of the article at

page 511, as not necessary to its design, they are here prefixed as a conve-

uience to those who may not have seen the more elaborate article on Beats,

in “ Smith’s Harmonics.”

When two sounds are heard nearly harmonizing, there are heard

at the same time irregularities of sounds, or Bzars; the frequency

of which depends on the nature of the sounds. When a true Do,

(32 vibrations per second,) is accompanied by a sound of 31 or 38 vi-

brations, one beat per second is heard. Sounds of 31 and 33 vibra-

tions would produce 2 beats ; 256 and 259 would produce 3 beats, &c.,

as in the following diagram. Where the sounds are nearly 5Sths,

3rds, or any concords, their vibrations per second must be multiplied

hy the ratio of the interval, so as to produce nearly equal numbers,

and then the difference is the number of beats per second. 'Thus the

beats of the imperfect fifth between La’ 27 and Mi’ 40 are found to

be one per second; by subtracting 80 (twice 40) from 81 (3 times

27.) In the same way, the beats of the major third, recommended in

the lamented Prof. Fisher’s Table for Tuning (Sc//. Journal, Vol. 1,

p- 195,) between Fan’ (325.68 vibrations,) and Lan’ (428.92 vibra-

tions per second,) will be found by multiplying these numbers by 4

and 5 respectively, to be 37.28 per second.

In the following figure the points represent the vibrations of im-

perfect unison, as of Sol’ ; the commas only, of imperfect fifths, as Do,

and Solt. The beats, which are the same in both cases, are denoted

by 6

These beats furnish us with the most ready way, though the least

‘satisfactory way, of ascertaining the number of vibrations in any pitch.

It is easy to tune two tubes so that they shall differ in pitch precisely

comma. It has long been known that their vibrations then are 80:8 1,

but it is more difficult to ascertain the vibrations of either. Let the

sounds be Si‘and Si*. If they beat 3 times per second, we know

that Si* vibrates 240, and Sit 243 times per second. Again, by means

of beats the most perfect tuning can be executed, by the aid of an un-

practisedear. Even the most perfect interval, the octave, can be tuned

more accurately by making use of their beats with an intermediate

sound, than in any other way. This process is, however, too slow

for the practical tuner, unless it be in tuning setts of tuning forks.

On Mosrcau Ivronation anp Temperament. By I. F. Hotton.

Read Oct. 12th—19th, and Nov. 2nd, 1846.

The mathematical relations of musical sounds have received very

little attention from. scientific writers, for the last quarter of a cen-

tury. Almost every branch of science has been greatly simplified du-

ring this period; this still repels the beginner with a formidable array

of difficulties. It is the object of this paper to present the first ele-

ments only of the Mathematics of Music, in a form so simple as to be

understood, ona careful perusal, by any one familiar with the main

principles of common arithmetic.

Sound is produced by vibrations of air. The sound produced by

more frequent vibrations is called MorE acuTE or H1GHER—that by

less frequent vibrations, GRAVER or LowER. This difference is a dif

ference in prrcu, The difference in the pitch of two sounds when esti-

mated, measured or calculated, is called an InreRVAL.

When drops of water fall on a board at a uniform rate of 16 per

second, a uniform sound is heard, about as grave as the human ear

is capable of appreciating. This sound is called by the English and

Spanish and Portuguese, Do’, (first Do.) Any thing will produce a

sound of this pitch which will make 16 uniform impressions on the

air in a second, as comb teeth striking against the finger-nail—a

vibrating string striking against the air—or air itself vibrating in a

tube; sounds from different sources, as the vibration of a wire and

of a silk cord, forinstance, though the same in pitch, willdiffer in qual-

ity. The French call this difference in quality, Trmpre. 16 pul-

sations per second produce Do’ ;* 32 produce a higher sound, named

Do? ; 64 make Do*; 128 make Do*; 256 make Do’, or Mropix Do;

512 make Do°; 1,024 make Do’; 2,048 make Do°; 4,096 make Do’;

8,192 make Do; and 16,384 uniform pulsations make Do™. A

* T use the Italian names because they are much more convenient; but I must

caution the reador against confounding Do, Re, Mi, &c., as the Italians use them),

with the same terms as used in American singing schools.

Musical Inionation and Temperament 507

If Sol be the first note of a key, the second must be La. Now,

the interval between the first and second of the scale must be a ‘Tonk,

That between Sol and La is only a Tone. If Sol, 24, La must be,

not 262, but 27. Now, 262: 27:: 80:81. The interval of 80:81

is called Comma. From La to Siis a Tone, as it should be be-

tween the second and third; from Si to Do, a Hemitone ; Do to Re,

a Tone; Re to Mi a Tone; but from Mi to Fa only a Hemitone.

This will not do—we must have a Tone there. Mi? has 40 vibra-

tions, 8: 9::40:45. The new sound is to Sol? as 45:48:: 15:16;

so this interval is, as it should be, a Hemitone. The intervals now,

from Sol? to Sol?, are Tonr, Tone, Hemitone, Tonr, Tone, Tone,

Hemitone ; consequently it is a true Diatonic scale—the scale of the

Key of Sol. This key has no Fa in it; its place is therefore left

vacant for the new pitch. Occupying the same place, we will give

ita name by adding an n to Fa and call it Fan. Fa is to Fan as

422:45::128:135. The interval is less than a Hemitone; it is call-

ed Masor Limma. This rendering a pitch limma higher is called

SHARPING it.

The same transposition which we have performed on the key of

Do, we may repeat on that of Sol. Taking its 5th (Re) for tonic,

raising its 2nd (Mi) comma, and sharping its 4th (Do) into Don, we

have the Key of Re. This may be repeated again and again. It is

obvious this process may be reversed. The Key of Re may be trans-

posed to that of Sol, by makingits 7th (Don) limma lower, (which is

called Fuattine it,) and making its 2nd comma lower. By the

same process the key of Sol canbe transposed to that of Do, and that

again to the keyeof Fa; in each case reducing the 2nd comma, and

the 7th to its proper place, and the 4th becomes the Tonic. Begin-

ning with Fa, the first two intervals are Tone and Tone, but instead

of Si we use a pitch which is to Laas 15:16. This is written in the

same place with Si. We will call it Sir. Now, La: Sir :: 15:16

3: 262: 284, and Sir: Do:: 9:10 :: 284 : 32.

This process has no assignable limits. A few keys only are

needed to write pieces in, but music often passes from one key to an-

other, in the midst of a strain, for the effect of the change. This

change is called MopuLaTion.

In the table at the close, will be found all the pitches of 18 keys,

arranged in their order, with the number of their pulsations in

the lowest octave. The acute and grave accents imply sounds

308 Musical Intonation and Temperament.

comma sharper and flatter respectively than the names indicate.

These, then, are the Elements of Music. Pure music at concert

pitch can contain no other but by modulating beyond the 18 keys,

and no other sounds are ever used but as substitutes for some one of

these.

Here is the proper place, (though it is almost superfluous,) to men-

tion the other modes of representing these sounds. One which is

very common in this country, England and Germany, is by letters.

‘The diatonic scale of Do is indicated by the letters C DE FGA

and Do’, @. These names are inconvenient to pronounce, incon-

venient to the printer, and cannot/be applied in singing the notes.

These inconveniences are not counterbalanced by a single advantage

peculiar to this system, and its entire abandonment would greatly

benefit the study of music.

The musician, who needs only a few octaves, writes them on staves

of generally five lines each. He marks the place of Sol’ with f@9 , pla-

cing La* next above it and Fa* next below it. Fan is placed on the

same line or space with Fa, and preceded by a Suarr (#) either on

the beginning of the staff or in the same measure with the note, and

so with all sharps. The flatted pitches are written in the same way,

witha Fiar (f) preceding them. Where a note is in danger of be-

ing read as sharped or flatted when‘it is not, it is preceded by a Natv-

rau (4). Acute pitches are marked with the acute accent (’), and

grave pitches with the grave accent (*), either at the beginning of the

staff or after each note. Where a note might be supposed to be acute

or grave, but should be neither, it is followed by a small circle (°).

‘These marks are omitted in music, intended only to be executed.

: {Teal |

ofien very improperly used to denote Sol* as well as Sol*’—leaving

the performer to guess which.

We here give the pitches from Do* to Do’, written with the Fa

and Do Clefs :—

509

Musical Intonation and Temperament.

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510 Musical Intonation and Temperament.

The reasons for the precise intervals of the Diatonic scale can be

best understood by examining the effect of hearing two or more

pitches at the same time. These, when agreeable to each other,

form Harmony. When Do, Mi and Sol, for instance, are heard at

once, their vibrations being as 4, 5, and 6, must often coincide thus :—

Mi . . . . . . . . e . oe *

Do . . . . . . . . °

Here every other vibration of Do corresponds with one of Sol, and

every fourth pulsation of Do corresponds with one both of Sol and of

Mi. Do is found to harmonize with Mi 4:5, with Fa 8:4, with

Sol 2:3, and with La 3:5, Re harmonizes with Fa 35%: 428

2: 320:384::5:6, with Fan 4:5, with La 35$:532::2:3, and

with Sir 5:8. Re harmonizes with Sol 3:4, and with Si3:5. Mi

harmonizes with Sol 5:6, with La 3:4, with Si 2:3, with Son

4:5, and with Do 5:8. Fa harmonizes with La 4:5, with Sir

3:4, with Do 2:3, and with Ré 3:5. Fan harmonizes with La

5:6, and with Ré 5:8. Sol harmonizes with Si 4:5, with Do 3: 4,

with Re 2:3, and with Mi3:5. Sdn harmonizes with Si 5:6, and

with Mi 5:8. La harmonizes with Do 5:6, with Ré 3: 4, with Mi

2:3, with Fan 3:5, and with Fa 5:8. Sir harmonizes with Fa

2:3, and with Re 4:5, Si harmonizes with Re 5:6, with Mi3: 4,

with Sol 5:8, and with Son 3:5.

It is obvious that the corresponding degrees of every other key

harmonize with each other in the same way as those of Do. From

this we see that the precise intervals of the Diatonic scale are not ar-

bitrary, but exactly such as will secure the greatest amount of harmony,

We see here only six ratios of vibration which produce harmony ;

2:3 called a Fiera (Vth); 3:4 a Fourrm (IVth); 3:5 a Magor

Sixta (Vith); 5:8 a Mrvor Sixru (6th); 4:5 a Masor Turrp

(IIIrd); and 5:6 a Mrvor Tuirp (3d). We need go no farther

into the subject of harmony—it constitutes a department of science

comparatively well cultivated,

In a composition one single train of sounds must be such as to be

of itselfagreeable. This train is called the Arr, and its agreeable

quality is Meropy. The melody of pieces of a certain cast often

requires the Sharp 4th and 5th. The harmony of these same pieces

ofien contains minor thirds and sixths, where others would have major

thirds and sixths. Hence they are said to be in the Mrvor Mops,

and other pieces are said to be in the Mason Mopr. The Diatonic

, Fe. j

Musical Intonation and Temperament. 511

Scaie is the same for both, though much mystery has been thrown on

this matter, and needless labor imposed on the student, by the so-called

Mryor Scare.

A few physical facts must now be stated before proceeding to the

practical part of this subject.

First.—When a musical sound is produced near a string of a mu-

sical instrument, if the sound harmonizes with the one the string will

produce, it causes the string to vibrate. Thus Do', Sol‘, or Mi‘ will

produce vibrations in the Do* string ofa Piano Forte.

Seconp.—When two strings, or two tubes, almost in harmony,

are near each other, they may influence each other’s vibrations and

harmonize completely.

Tuiep.—When a string vibrates as a whole, and produces its

note, parts of the same string vibrate by themselves, and produce

higher pitches of sound. ‘Thus, a string sounding Do‘, may also pro-

duce Do‘, Sol*, Do‘, Mi*, or Sol‘, or several or all of these, and per-

haps more. These secondary sounds are called Harmonics. Seve-

ral musical theories have been based on this fact—an unsafe founda-

ticn, as some harmonics have no musical relation to any scale. Thus

a Do* string may give a harmonic of 896 vibrations between Sir’ and

Sir’. Tubes, as Trumpets and French Horns, &c., also give har-

monics—as also Bells, and, in fine, all musical instruments: The

lowest note of the tube, bell, or string, is called the FunpamenTat.

Fourtru.—When two pitches which are harmonics to the same

Fundamental are sounded together, the Fundamental itself may also

be heard. Thus, when Do*, making 256 vibrations, is sung with

Sol’, making 385, their pulsations coincide 128 times, and give the

impression of Do*, although it is not sounded. This fact, too, has

served as basis to ill-founded theories.

These things being thoroughly understood, we are prepared to

proceed to the practical application of them to our main problem.

This is to produce the tones indicated in musical compositions, which

is called Intonation ; or others near enough to them to answer in

their place, which is Temperament.

Musical Instruments are divided into twoclasses. Prrrect In-

STRUMENTs are those capable of producing pitches indefinitely near

each other, at the will ofthe performer; as the Violin, the Trombone,

and the Human Voice. Imprrrect Instruments can produce only

the fixed tones for which they are tuned.

Of all perfect instruments invented by man, the Viol is by far the

512 Musical Intonation and Temperament.

most important. The principles of its intonation demand our first at-

tention, because all accurate intonation of the voice depends on that

of the Viol. One form of this instrument will illustrate all the

others; and for this purpose we select its best form, the Violin. In

playing this instrument, the correct mental conceptions of pitch, ne-

cessary in all musical execution, are here mechanically aided and

corrected by the fixed sounds of the open strings, to a degree of

accuracy otherwise unattainable in a perfect instrument. ‘The open

strings are Sol*, Re®, Li’, Mi’, each an exact filth above the prece-

ding. ‘I'wo only of these, Sol and Re, are found in the natural key,

or key of Do. Inthe key of 14 La comes in, and in 2#s all are

used. In 3#s Sol disappears ; Re in 44s ; in 57¢s Mi only is left, and

in 6 and more sharps no open string remains to be appealed to, ex-

cept the } 7th inthe key of 67s. The flat signatures are less favored

than the sharp. The key of 1) has but ‘one open string, and the

others none at all. Here the performer is left all afloat, and perfect

accuracy is impossible. His only alternative is to play every note

comma higher than its trae place, and by this means he has one fixed

sound in 4s, beyond which the keys are only used for occasional

modulations, as also are the extreme sharp keys.

The best key for the Violin, then, is 24s; and in 2 or more ps,

correct playing can be attained only by false tuning, making the

whole instrument comma flat. The Viol might perhaps be improved

by adding one or more movable nuts to each string, each shortening its

length one 80th, and raising its pitch comma. Six false nuts distri-

buted among the four strings would give four open strings in all keys,

from 5 #s to 1p inclusive, and one open string in all the keys from 8 #s

to 4 hs inclusive.

We will consider next the human voice—the gift of our kind Crea-

tor to nearly every human being; and, in respect to its powers, the

most important of musical instruments. Having no fixed sounds of

itsown, absolutely perfect intonation for any length of time, independent

of an instrument, is impossible. An approximation to this is the most

important point in all musical instruction, and yet one which is rarely

considered ina philosophical light. I may,therefore, be pardoned for

noticing it alittle more particularly than would otherwise be necessary.

The great point to be aimed at is a mental excellence, not a physi-

cal. Let the mental conception be correct, and correct execution will

follow ofcourse. This is in a degree true of all musical execution—

in vocal music pre-eminently so.

Musical Intonation and Temperament. 513

The mind of a performer is aided in conceiving the pitch he wants,

by one or more of the following means: First, his knowledge of ab-

stract pitch. Second, his knowledge of the key in which he is singing

or playing. Third, harmony with other performers. Fourth and

last, by the interval between his last pitch and the required one.

These different means are of very different degrees of utility, and

it is of no small consequence on which the vocal performer is taught to

rely. The worst of all these I take first. It is going by the interval.

It is difficult to believe sensible teachers think they teach their pupils

to read in this way, but long unmelodious lessons of intervals, intended

for daily practice, in books of high repute, convince us that we cannot

be mistaken. Now, let the performer make the following perfect in-

tervals: up a [Vth, down a 3rd, up aIVth, down a Vth, and he

will find himself just comma below where he started, as may be seen

by compounding the intervals. The notes sung may be Do, Fa, Ré,

Sél, Do. This little example is sufficient to show that intonation by

intervals is a mere chimera.

The other three modes must be used conjointly by every singer.

The third, (by harmony with other performers,) is the way the pupil

begins learning to sing—in unison or octave to the teacher. Asa main

reliance in ordinary execution its effect is very bad. It soon renders

the performer hopelessly dependent. The pupil must early be taught—

not to rely on it, but to become as independent of it as possible. It is

only in the higher stage of his education that he is again to resort to

it, but in a different manner, to correct minute errors in pitch, which

can be corrected in no other way. For this purpose quartettes of per-

formers furnish a ready and invaluable aid ; but the best possible me-

thod is that of Viols accurately played.

The second method, (by the scale of the key,) is the main reliance

of our best common singers, as that by harmony is of our worst. It

makes an independent singer of plain music. But modulations of the

key often throw him out—he shrinks from music plentifully sprinkled

with accidentals. Sometimes the key changes without any acciden-

tal in his part ; here he mentally applies names to the notes, indicating

their place in the scale he has left—he feels he is not singing the de-

gree he is calling, and breaks down in the middle of a passage that

looks easy enough, utterly ata loss why he cannot goon. The pro-

gress of music is continually introducing more elaborate harmonies,

by a free use of accidentals—hence this defective education will prove

514 Musical Intonation and Temperament.

more and more insufficient every year. Unfortunately this reading

by the scale, like reading by harmony, makes slaves of \its subjects,

and they cannot throw off the yoke. It is harder to make a good

reader of difficult music ofa good singer by the scale than ofa raw re-

cruit. Most mental operations, when oft repeated, become habits,

and are performed unconsciously and without effort. Thus we walk,

read, and write by habit. Not so with reading music by the scale.

It is like reading in a cypher, where the character that is used for A

on one page becomes Q, or P, or Q on another. It must always call

for conscious effort, and each new piece of music must be a task be--

fore it can become a pleasure.

The remaining mode of intonation is by abstract pitch. Very

little use is made of this by common American singers. It keeps the

singer by the scale in the octave he means, and the singer by har-

mony from giving a third fora fifth, &c., but beyond this our methods

of instruction themselves prevent the use of it. The true method should

be to make this the principal, and both the others auxiliary. The pu-

pil should be taught to rely on this; he will instinctively rely on

both the others as much as is for his good, and even more. But it

is generally doubted whether the mind can retain an abstract pitch

with an accuracy that would be useful in intonation. This faculty,

like every other, must depend for its perfection on cultivation. We

recollect the pitch of a well-known bell, or a familiar voice, almost

to comma. With one who is taught to associate each musical

note with its precise pitch, as we do each bell and each voice, prac-

tice results in an exactness incredible to those who have never made

the trial. And here his knowledge of the scale prevents his erring,

unless he errs by a whole hemitone—an error greater than he is in

danger of making. abit at length supersedes conscious effort, and

finally harmony steps in to his aid, corrects minute errors which the

ear will tolerate in the scale, and the pupil becomes an instrument of

fixed sounds and perfect intonation, no more liable to get out of tune

than those of wood and metal. “The top-stone is brought forth with

shoutings of Grace! grace unto it!”

The question of Sormiza‘rion, or applying syllables in singing, is

a little one in itself, as all agree that it is a scaffolding which ought

to be cleared away as soon as it can be dispensed with. But the

vigor of a plant depends on the plumpness of the seed which supplies

it with nourishment for a few days, and enables it to strike its roots

Musical Intonation and Temperament. 515

deeper. So, too, with a beginner in music, everything depends on

beginning well. No question affecting his beginning is trifling.

‘Two systems of Solmization reign jointly in American singing

schools. Both are adapted to the Diatonic scale. The better of the

two applies to the degrees of every diatonic scale the names which

we have applied to the scale of Do. This is perplexing to the begin-

ner, and exposes the proficient to the evils of reading by the scale

before mentioned. But its evil effects do not stop here. It breaks

up all analogy between vocal and instrumental music. In this way

the keys of 4#s and 3 ps are sung precisely alike, while in playing

not one note is the same; and the keys of 1# and 2#s are sung en

tirely different, while in playing they differ but in one note.

The other uses but four names. Jt would tax ingenuity to the ut-

most to make an argument in its favor. It seems incredible that it

should ever have made a reader of easy music at sight, but it is said

to have sometimes done it. Of course all the objections against the

preceding system apply with equal force to this, and it is attended

with others so serious, that its prevalence in a rational community

furnishes a good illustration of the tenacity with which indefensible

customs retain their hold on the best minds.

All the European systems are, in the main, free from these ob-

jections. The German system is precisely analogous to that which

we have used, only the names selected are, unfortunately, less eupho-

nious, and more disagreeable to sing—particularly the flatted and

sharped names, both of which endins. The Italian is like that we

have here used, except the flats and sharps are indicated by adjec-

tives instead of change of termination, and in singing, Dob, Do#,

and DoX, are all sung Do, and so of all the rest. By this defect the

Italians lose the advantage of learning the scales by vocal exercises

and in classes—a matter of incalculable importance to those who de-

sign learning also an instrument, or studying harmony. ‘The gene-

ral adoption of the German system, or better still, the names I have

used,* would be an era in American music, and the following results

might be confidently anticipated: First—singers would more gene-

rally become players, and thereby better singers. Second—players

would almost universally become singers, and thereby better players.

And lastly—thorough domestic education in music would be placed

in the reach of every family where any musical instrument is well

played. To this change arises the objection to every proposed change,

* Invented by Professor E. Ives, of this city.

516 Musical Intonation and Temperameiit.

that it is more difficult than the old way. Experience alone can an-

swer this objection, and the results will a little surprise those who,

knowing it to be better, expect to find it also slower than the old modes.

But some of our best teachers are firmly of the opinion that any

system of names used in singing will prove a serious impediment to

vocalization, and compel the singer who has once used it to apply

names in every difficult place, before he can apply the words. This

is a necessary consequence of names transposed with the change of

key, and it is barely possible that the inconvenience might result

from « rigid perseverance in the use of fixed names long after the oc-

casion for them had passed, but their moderate use by beginners,

like spelling words to learn to pronounce them, or beating in order

to keeping time, will prove a great aid at first, and, if duly discon-

tinued, of not the least inconvenience afterwards.

The other perfect instruments need no further notice. We pass

to imperfect instruments, and first to Keyed Instruments, as the Organ

and Piano Forte. These instruments almost universally have 12

fixed sounds in each octave. These sounds supply imperfectly the

various pitches of all the scales in which we play. The difference

between the true pitch and that used for it is Temperament. To

examine this subject, we will suppose the 12 intervals to be exactly

equal. This is called Eaguat Temperament. ‘To divide the oc-

tave into 12 equal intervals, we must find a ratio which multiplied 12

times into itself, will produce the ratio of 1:2. This ratio is

24/1:%/2, or 1:%/2. To extract the 12th root of 2, we begin

by extracting its square root. ‘This, we know, cannot be expressed

in figures, and of the 12th root is equally incommensurable. If two

strings, ;'; of an octave apart, vibrated once together at the Creation,

their vibrations would not again coincide till the Resurrection Morn !

The problem, however, like squaring the circle, can be solved near

enough for all practical purposes, and the vibrations will be

1: 1.059463. ‘To see how these intervals will fit our purpose, we

will call the lowest of 12 pitches Do, the second Don and Rer, the

third Re, &c. When we first look at the 62 sounds in the 18 scales

we have given, we are ready to despair ofany accommodation of them

to 12 fixed pitches, but we know, as the intervals of every scale are

exactly similar, that an instrument of equal temperament will fit one

key as well as another, since it matters not with which of the twelve

sounds you begin. By comparing the scale of the key of Do with the

Musical Intonation and Temperament. 517

corresponding notes in the table of Equal Temperament, we shall see

that all the pitches are too sharp except Sol, but all so slightly, that

no perceptible injury to the melody results. It is not so with the har-

mony. As itis harmony that fixes the precise intervals in intonation,

so must considerations of harmony alone decide every question of

temperament. And because the I[Irds, the 3rds, and the Vths, are so

much more important than [Vths, the VIths, and the 6ths, the former

alone are to be taken into consideration. We find the Vths of mean

temperament flat, by an interval of about 499:500, and the I[IIrds

sharp, by an interval of about 99 : 100; and asa IIIrd and a 3rd

make a Vth, the 3rd must, therefore, be quite flat. So Mean Tem.

perament furnishes us no good chords, though none of them are abso-

lutely intolerable. Some of these chords occur much more frequently

than others. Son, for instance, is Vth to Don, and IIrdto Mi, but in

the latter relation it occurs more than 12 times as often as the former.

If flattened more than in Equal Temperament, so asto make a worse

Vth but a better [l[rd, the ear is pleased with the change a dozen

times to where it is annoyed once. Considerations like this have led

to various schemes of Unequal Temperament. The best probably of

these is that of Professor Fisher.

Musicians are not agreed what temperament is best. In Unequal

Temperament some of the chords are very good, while the aggravated

dissonance of others, called by tuners the Wo tr, imparts a peculiarity

to the keys in which it occurs, much admired by certain musicians.

Science hardly justifies these predilections, which must be chiefly at-

tributed to fancy and prejudice. Some inequality of temperament

may be preferable, but no key ought to be made so bad as to give it

a character for harshness.

One argument for Equa. Temperament seems strangely to have

been overlooked by every one who has discussed the subject. This

arises from the influence, before alluded to, which musical bodies

nearly in harmony have on each other. ‘Two organ pipes, differing

nearly 54; of an octave, when sounded together may sound in unison.

In full chords this influence is stronger than with two sounds only.

But for this principle, what is called “the furniture stop,” opening at

the same time perfect thirds, perfect fourths and perfect fifths to each

note played, would produce the most frightful discords if each pipe

sounded its own note. Influenced by each other, and by the other

stops, they produce the most sublime harmony. Strings are more

518 Musical Intonation and Temperament.

easily influenced by sounds than pipes. A wonderful illustration of

this is furnished by an attempt of a performer, at the commemoration

of Handel at Westminster Abbey, to produce a discord on his violon-

cello during a grand chorus. He could not do it! Wherever he

stopped it, it would produce perfect harmony with the other instru-

ments. As he slided his finger onthe string it would jump from har-

monic to harmonic. ‘This consideration tells in favor of Equal Tem-

perament, but is far from settling the question. ‘The extremes must

be Professor Fisher’s scheme on the one hand and Equal Tempera-

ment on the other. The tuner has ample liberty between them to

consult his own judgment and the taste of the musical world.

The annexed table gives the comparative length of string to pro-

duce the 12 pitches of an octave tuned to Equal Temperament, and by

Professor Fisher’s scheme. By means of a monochord the pitches can

be taken from the table and transferred to an instrument.

| Equal Temperament. Fisher’s Scheme. |Untemp’d.

| Length. Vibrations| Length. Vibrations) Vibrations

Do’, / 5000 256.0 5000 256.0 256.0

Si‘, 5297 241.6 5345 239.5 240.0

Lan‘, Sir’, | 5612 228.1 5995 228.8 227.6

La‘, 5946 215.3 5979 214.1 213.3

Son‘, Lar’, | = 6300 203.2 6371 200.9 200.0

Sol’, 6674 191.8 6687 191.4 192.0

Fan‘, Sort, | 7071 181.0 7150 | 179.0 177.7

Fa‘, 7492 170.9 7479 171.1 170.7

Mi‘, T7937 161.3 T7997 160.1 160.0

Ren‘, Mir‘,; 8409 152.2 8419 152.0

Re‘, 8909 143.7 8938 143.2 144.0

Don‘, Rer,| 9439 135.6 9568 | 133.8

Do, 10000 128.0 10000 128.0 128.0

The next class of imperfect instruments is of the Trumpet class.

These, if fixed in length, will give one fundamental note and its har

monics. Its intonation is perfect in the key of which its fundamen-

tal is tonic, but it is limited to the harmonic notes. Some are fur-

nished with contrivances for instantaneously varying their length and

so producing other fundamentals and other setts of harmonics—thus

multiplying the resources of the instrument, but leaving them wholly

Musical Intonation and Temperament. 519

inadequate to the wants of the musician. The deficiencies are in a

degree supplied by partly stopping the mouth with the hand. This

makes a “ perfect instrument” of it, but greatly injures the quality of

the tones.

Another class of imperfect instruments vary their pitch by lateral

openings closed by the fingers and by keys. ‘These are always inac-

curate in pitch, and as you diminish this objection by more openings,

you injure the quality of every tone of the instrument.

It is needless to pursue this subject farther. We see it beset

with difficulties on every side. Are they insuperable? Theoreti-

cally they are not. An organ can be made to execute perfect into-

nation, but the bulk, the expense, the liability to get out of order, and

above all, the labor of tuning—to be forever recommenced as soon

as completed—forbid the hope of practical success until a new era in

mechanics. The attempt has been made on stringed instruments

with frets, as the Guitar—but that instrument is not in itself of im-

portance enough to justify the attempt, and the momentary variation

of its strings forbids the hope of entire success.

Composers have themselves thrown obstacles in the way by

writing their music expressly for imperfect intonaticn—not only of

keyed instruments, but even of the violin. And, in fact, it is said by

good authority that few or no performers on this noble instrument

execute their notes with even as great accuracy as well-tuned im-

perfect instruments.

To sum up the whole matter, we conclude that although perfect

intonation may be the subject of rigid mathematical inquiry, and its

approximation may furnish full scope for the ambition of genius for

ages to come, its full attainment is not to be hoped until we strike

our harps of gold, and sing that song which no one can learn but the

Redeemed from the Earth.

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Page,

Abar - - - 342

Abdominales - 440

Acinopide - - 371

ACcRODON

contempta - - 367

musculis - - 366

Tubrica: - - 366

AcUPAL?PUS

consimilis - - 412

debilipes - - A07

difficilis - - 413

elongatulus - A07

humilis = = ALD

lugubris’)- - Al7

micros - ee Ai

misellus - - A410

pattiarius - - 412

pauperculus - 412

rotundicollis - 410

suturalis - = at

testaceus - - 412

ADELOSIA

morosa - - 335

muta - - - 335

oblongo-notata - 335

Arpus

testaceus - - 413

AGONODERUS

dorsalis = - - 373

furcatus - =“ aie

infuscatus - - 373

lineola - Sars 6s)

pallipes - - 373

suturalis - - 373

AconuM

eruginosum - 227

affine - 229-370

albicrus - - 369

basale - =) Qed

INDEX

bembidioides

chalceum -

collare -

cupreum -

cupripenne -

decipiens -

errans =

crythropum

excavatum -

femoratum -

ferreu -

formosum -

foveicolle -

Harrisii +

lenum -

limbatum -

Juctuosum -

maculifrous

maurum =

melanarium

metallicum

moerens =

miorosum-

nigriceps =

nitidulum -

nutans ~

8-punctatum

palliatum -

piceum -

picipenne -

placidum -

pullatum -

punctiforme

retractum -

rufipes =

scutellare -

simile -

sordens -

striato-punctatum

294

THE GEODEPHAGOUS COLEOPTERA.

AMARA

angustata -

anthracina -

basalis -

chalcea

confinis -

confusa -

communis -

convexa -

difficilis -

discors =

exarata -

fallax =

furtiva ==

grossa Z

hyperborea

impuncticollis

inequalis =

indistincta -

levipennis -

littoralis -

lucidula +

luctuosa -

musculis -

pallipes = -

patricia

polita -

punctulata

rubrica =

splendida -

trivialis +

AMBLYCHEILA

cylindriformis

AMBLYCHUS -

AMPHASIA

femorata -

fulvicollis -

interstitialis

ANCHOMENUS

Page.

365

391

365

367

361

362

363

362

371

367

362

367

416

357

362

360

365

371

361

365

438

366

371

359

364

361

366

360

162

184

417

377

376

cincticollis

collaris

coracinus

corvinus

decens

decorus

deplanatus

depressus -

elongatulus

extensicollis

gagates -

Lecontii -

marginalis -

nigerrimus

obconicus -

obscuratus

obscurus -

pubescens -

sinuatus -

thoracicus

tenuicollis -

viridis -

ANISODACTYLUS

agricola -

baltimorensis

carbonarius

cenus -

crassus ss -

discoidens -

ellipticus -

gravidus -

interpunctatus

letus -

laticollis -

luctuosus -

lugubris -

melanopus

merula

nigrita

obscurus

paradoxus

pinguis

rufipennis

rusticus

St. Crucia

striatus -

submeneus «

tristis -

ANoPHTHALMUS

Tellkampfii

ApLocuiLe

pygmma -

Arrinus

Americanus

janthinipennis

ARETHAREA

‘ ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ‘ ' ‘

Page.

369

225

220

221

220

223

221

222

220

222

221

439

222

223

439

220

223

222

379

381

385

382

379

384

383

379

386

380

382

386

380

384

374

386

416

382

381

384

379

380

385

416

209

198

helluonis

ARGUTOR

agilis -

bicolor

brevicollis -

brevicornis

celeris -

contaminatus

erraticus -

femoratus -

honestus -

laticollis +

lucidulus -

mandibularis

minor =

nitidulus -

patruelis -

piciventris -

rectus -

sapphyrinus

velox -

ATRANUSB

pubescens -

Attelabus

Pennsylvanicus

Axinopalpus

biplagiatus

BapDIsTER

micans -

notatus -

pulchellus -

terminalis -

testaceus -

Bemipium

affine -

americanum

antiquum -

arenarium

chalceum -

contractum

coxendix -

decipiens -

dorsale’ -

ephippiatum

ferrugineum

flavinaude

granarium

honestum -

impressum -

inequale -

incurvum «

inornatum ~«

intersectum

lacustre -

levigatum-

lavum -

' '

Index to Volume Four.

Page.

209

338

337

338

370

337

339

338

370

340

370

338

339

337

338

370

338

439

185

190

418

417

418

A417

413

462

453

455

452

455

462

452

462

458

468

A74

471

A470

455

451

452

469

471

A73

451

453

472

littorale -

nigriceps -

nigrum =

nitidulum -

oppositum -

paludosum -

patruele -

postremum-

proximum -

pumilum -

punctato-striatum

4-maculatum

rupestre -

sigillare =

stigmaticum

tetracolum

transversale

tripunctatum

troglodytes

variegatum

xanthopus -

Bipartiti -

BLemus

fenescens -

BLeruisa

quadricollis

Brachinides

Bracuinus

affinis -

alternans -

ballistarius -

cephalotes -

conformis -

cordicollis -

cyanoplerus

Deyrollii -

fumans- -

lateralis -

Le Contii -

medius -

neglectus -

patruelis -

perplexus -

pumilio— -

quadripennis

similis -

strenuus -

sufflaus

tormentarius

velox

viridipennis

viridis

Brapytus

avidus

exaratus

furtivus

Index to Volume Four.

Page, Page. Page

Broscus amenus - - 435| I2guttata- - 181

approximatus - 354} atripennis - - 436) formosa - ~- 180

levipennis - - 354] augustus - - 433] fulgida - ~~. 179

morio - - 365| brevicollis - - 432] generosa - Lie

obsoletus - - 354] brevilabris - - 437] gratiosa - - 184

Caratuvus chlorophanus - 435| hemorrhoidalis - 182

distinguendus - 216| circumcinctus - 440} Hentzii - - 182

gregarius - - 217! cobaltinus - - 434] hirticollis - - 180

CaLLerpa congener - - 439{ lepida - - 181

decora - + 189] consimilis - - 437] limbalis - - 177

fulgida - - 189! cordicollis - - 435} limbata - ~- 184

marginata - - 189] elegantulus - 438] longilabris - - 178

\ prasina - - 189/ emarginatus - 438] marginalis - 176

punctata - - 189] erythropus - - 432| marginata- - 180

Tubricollis - - 210! ezaratus - - 438] marginipennis - 182

smaragdina - 190| fulgiceps - - 436| micans - ~- 182

viridipennis- - 189] fascicornis - - 432] modesta - - 175

CaLosoma impunctifrous - 438} nigrocerulea - 181

calidum_- - 446) laticollis - - 433] obliquata - Pe Yt

frigidum - - 446] Le Contii - - 433] obscura - - 175

longipenne - 445] lithophilus - - 434] obsoleta - - 178

luzatum - - 445) longicollis - - 486| patruela - - 178

obsoletum - - 446). luctuosus - - 438| proteus - - 181

Sayi - - - 446| nemoralis - - 436} pulchra - - 185

serutator - - 446) niger- - - 438) punctulata - - 182

triste - - 446) patruelis - - 435) purpurea - - 176

Wilcoxi - - 446} pennsylvanicus - 436] pusilla . - 183

Carabide - - 440| perviridis - - 434) repanda - - 180

Carabides - - 440] prasinus - - 435| rufiventris- - 184

Carasus purpuricollis - 432| rugifrons - - 185

Beauvoisii - - 450] pusillus = - - 438) Sauleyi - - 184

carinatus - - 443] rufilabris - - 432) scutellaris - - 176

carolinus - - 450} rufipes - - 433) severa - - 184

externus - - 445] seriius - - 434] sexguttata - - 176

Goryi - - 444! smaragdinus - 440| signata - - 181

interruptus - - 444) solitarius - - 435] splendida - - 176

P Herminieri - 450) tricolor - - 436] spreta - Sti

ligatus - - 444! tomentosus - 438] terricola - - 184

limbatus - - 444) vicinus - - 436] togata - - 184

lineato-punctatus 444] virens - - 440] tortuosa - - 182

luxatus = - - 445] viridanus - - 434] trifasciata - - 181

seriatus = - - 444] CicinpELa unicolor - - 175

sylvosus - - 445! abdominalis - 183 unipunetata - 17

vinctus - - 444| albilabris - - 178] variegata - - 180

Zimmermani - 445; albohirta - - 180] venusta - - 184

CasNONIA amena - - 177 virginica - - 175

pennsylvanica - 185} Audubonii - - 176| violacea - - 176

CELIA blanda- ss - - 180] vulgaris - - 179

gibba- . - 360} carolina - - 175} Cicindelide - - 5

inequalis - - 360] celeripes - - 188] Crivina

splendida - - 360| cinctipennis - 182] acuducta - - 214

Cephalotes - - 254) circumpicta - 184] americana - - 213

Clenidea’ - - 417) consentanea - 178] _ bipustulata - = 213

Chlenini - - 431] denticulata - 175} convexa - ARDS.

CuLenius decemnotat - 184] crenata - - 212

westivus - - 434! dorsalis - - 181] dentipes - - 213

elongata -

frontalis -

globulosa -

hemorrhoidais

impressifrons

lineolata -

morio -

pallida .

pallipennis-

postica = =

pumila -

puncticollis

4-maculata

rostrata -

rufescens -

sphericollis

striato-punctata

sulcifrons -

sulcata -

viridis -

CorropERA

rata -

collaris = -

signata = -

viridipennis

CRATACANTHUS

dubius :

pennsylvanicus

Curronotus

brevilabris -

carinatus -

laticollis -

latior -

rufimanus -

Cychrus

Andrewsii -

bilobus =

elevatus -

Leonardi -

stenoslomus

unicolor -

viduus -

CymMInpIs

americana -

amcena -

complanata

cribricollis -

elegans = -

fuscata -

laticollis -

limbata = -

lucidula =

marginata -

morio- -

neglecta -

picea -

pilosa =

platycollis -

pubescens -

purpurea -

pustulata -

sinuata =

unicolor =

venator -

viridicollis -

viridipennis

Daptini -

Daptus

incrassatus

Diarnorvus

Lecontei «

| Dicaus

alternans -

ambiguus -

carinatus -

chalybeeus -

confusus -

cyaneus =

decoloratus

Dejeanii -

dilatatus -

elongatus -

furvus -

iricolor -

levipennis -

Leonardi -

obscurus) -

opacus -

ovalis =

planicollis -

politus -

purpuratus -

quadratus -

reflexus -

sculptilis -

simplex -

splendens -

teter - -

violaseus -

DixopveEs

purpuricollis

rotundicollis

Diplocheila

Drepanus

Lecontei -

Dromius

americanus

apicalis =

angustus -

biplagiatus

cordicollis -

gemmatus -

Page.

186

189

186

188

189

187

186

188

189

371

373

186

Index to Volume Four.

latens -

piceus -

subsulecatus

Dyscuirius

bipustulatus

crenatus -

globulosus -

heemorrhoidalis

humeralis -

morio -

pallipennis -

pumilus -

puncticollis

spheericollis

subangulatus

rostratus -

terminatus -

viridis -

Exarurvus

americanus

cicatricosus

Clairvillei -

fuliginosus

intermedius

obscurior -

riparius =

ruscarius -

similis -

Epapnivs

fulvus -

micans -

Eudromus -

Burydera -

Evuryperus

zabroides_ -

eTossus -

Eurytrichini

EvuryTricuus

agilis -

dichrous’ -

nitidipennis

piceus -

terminatus -

testaceus -

FEronia

abdominalis

adoxa -

agilis -

americana -

angustata -

atrata -

atrimedia -

autumnalis

basilaris -

Brevoorti -

carbonaria -

eaudicalis -

celeris -

chalcites -

colossus -

communis -

complanata

constricta -

contaminata

coracina-

corvinag -

cupripennis

decentis -

decora -

ebenina -

errans =

erratica -

erythropus

extensicollis

fallax -

fastidita -

fraterna -

heros - -

honesta -

hypolithus -

impunctata

¢mpuncticollis

incisa =

interfector -

lachrymosa

lixa = =

lucidula -

luctuosa -

lucublanda

maculifrons

mesta =

morens-

monedula -

morio -

morosa -

musculis -

muta -

mutans -

obesa =

oblongo-notata

obscura -

obsoleta-

ochropeza -

8-puncta -

orbata -

ovipennis -

palliata -

parmata -

patruclis -

permunda -

picipes—-

placida -

Index to Volume Four.

- 343

punctatissima

punctiformis

quadricollis

recta -

relicta -

rosirata -

scutellarius

seximpressa

sigillata = -

sodalis -

spoliata -

striata ~

Sstygica-

submarginata

substriata -

supeyciliosa

tartarica -

tenebricosa

terminata -

tristis- ~~

unicolor -

vagans -

velox -

ventralis -

vidua -

Feronidea -

5| Feroniens -

GALERITA

americana -

bicolor -

cordicollis -

cyanipennis

dubia -

Janus -

Lecontei -

longicollis -

GEOBENUS

arenarius -

atrimedius -

autumnalis

congener -

cordicollis -

lugubris -

neglectus -

quadricollis

rufescens -

rupestris -

tibialis -

GEopPINus

incrassatus

GYNANDROPUS

americanus

elongatus -

hylacis = -

- 370| Harpalide -

- 227| Harpalides -

Page.

370

230

343

338

352

Harpaliens

Harpalini

HArpatus

agilis - -

agricola -

amputatus -

assimilis -

badius =

baltimorensis

basilaris -

bicolor -

caliginosus

carbonarius

cenus ~

compar -

dichrous -

dubius =

ellipsis -

erraticus -

erythropus -

faunus -

femoratus -

foveicollis -

funestus -

herbivagus -

hylacis -

inter punctatus

interstitialis

tricolor =

iripennis -

laticollis -

longicollis -

longior -

maculicornis

megacephalus

melanopus

merula =

mutabilis -

nigerrimus -

nigripennis

nitidulus -

obscuripennis

ochropus -

opacipennis

paradozus -

pennsylvanicus

pleuriticus -

proximus -

rotundicollis

rufimanus -

rusticus -

Sericeus -

spadiceus -

Silephensii -

sligmosus -

terminatus

testaceus

varicornis

ventralis

viridis -

vulpeculus -

Helluo

pygmeus -

HeELiLvomMoRPHA

Clairvillei -

laticornis -

nigripennis -

preusta -

Helobia

castanipes -

HeTEROMORPHA

excrucians -

Hyprium

levigatum -

Trichroa -

IsopLeuRUS

hyperboreus

nitidus -

terrestris -

Lacunopnorus

pubescens -

Lesia

abdominalis

affinis -

analis -

apicalis -

atriventris -

axillaris -

borea -

brunnea -

collaris -

conjungens

concinna -

floricola” -

furcata -

fuscata -

grandis -

maculicornis

marginella -

nigripennis -

ornata -

platycollis -

pleuritica -

pulchella -

pumila -

4-vittata -

russata -

scapularis -

smaragdula

tricolor -

viridipennis

viridis ‘a

Index to Volume Four.

Page.

387| vittata -

401 | Leja

399| levigata -

397] nigra -

397] semistrata -

LEProTRACHEILUS

208] dorsalis -

Lopha

208] affinis -

208| decipiens -

208| frontalis -

208|, opposita -

4-maculata

447 | Loricera

pilicornis -

210! Lyrerus

acutangulus

453! complanatus

441} Haldemanni

scrutator -

357 | tartaricus -

358 | MrecacerHALa

358) carolina -

Virginica -

416 | Molops -

Morto

195 costatus -

195| Georgie -

194 monilicornis

194} pygmaeus -

193 | Mras

194 coracinus -

193} cyanescens

194 foveatus -

195} Nepria

194| pallipes -

192} Notaphus -

195 | NortopHitus

193 confusus” -

194 9-striatus -

192 porrectus -

195 semistriatus

208 | OcurHepRomus

195! wgneicollis -

194 affinis -

189 americanus

193} antiquus -

194! basalis -

195} bimacu atus

195 cautus -

208 chalceus” -

194} concolor -

195 constrictus

192 contractus -

193 cordatus” -

195] decipiens -

Page.

195

453

468

A474

185

dilatatus -

dorsalis -

frontalis -

fugax -

gelidus -

honestus -

intermedius

longulus-

lucidus .

niger -

nhigripes = -

nitidus -

oppositus -

patruelis -

perspicuus -

picipes +

pictus =

planatus— -

planus -

posticus -

postremus -

purpurascens

4-masculatus

rapidus = -

rupestrig =

rupicola -

salebratus -

scopulinus -

semistriatus

sordidus -

subeneus -

substrictus

sulcatus =

tetracolus -

timidus -

transvergalis

trepidus -

umbratus -

variegatus -

versicolor -

viridicollis -

OponTIUM

coxendix -

nitidulum -

OLisTHOPUS

cinctus

micans -

parmatus -

OmasEus

orinomum -

OMOoPHRON

americanum

labiatum -

Lecontii

nitidum

Sayi

Page.

455

458

462

467

464

454

473

456

466

468

473

468

462

459

466

465

461

456

467

463

476

454

462

460

465

453

466

474

473

457

465

463

465

460

466

463

458

459

462

459

452

370

230

335

447

AAT

tesselatum -

Omus - -

Oopes

amaroides -

americanus -

cupreus -

exaratus -

minutus -

Picipes = -

14-striatus -

Ophonus

femoratus -

mutabilis -

opacipennis

Panageint

PanaG#Zvus

crucigerus -

fasciatus -

Sallet -

Pancus

calignosus -

PassimacHus

assimilis -

depressus -

elongatus -

levis -

marginatus -

morio =

obsoletus -

punctulatus

rugosus--

sublevis -

substriatus

subsulcatus

sulcatus -

Patellimanes

Patrosus

americanus

angicollis -

longicornis -

PeRcosta

diffinis -

obesa -

patricia ==

Peryphus -

Piesmus

submarginatus

Piosoma

setosum -

PLATYDERUS

erythropus -

nitidus -

PLATYNusS

angustatus -

erythropus -

pusillus = -

PLocHIONUS

Index to Volume Four.

Page.

447

184

431

432

332

432

431

376

397

417

439

231

220

356

amandus - -

bonfilsii - -

timidus - -

vittatus - -

PeciLtus

atratus -

bicolor - -

castanipes - :

chalcites’ - -

convexicollis -

cyaneus” - -

dilatatus - -

fraternus - -

lucublandus 2

micans - -

scitulus - -

Poconus

minutus - -

PRISTODACTYLA

advena - -

americana - -

corvina - -

impunctata - -

Prystonychus

americanus -

Psyprus

piceus - -

Pterostichus -

Quadrimant -

REMBUS

assimilis - -

impressicollis -

laticollis - -

major - -

obtusus - -

striato-punctatus

RHADINE

larvalis - -

Sarrothropoda -

ScaPHINOTUS

elevatus - -

flammeus -

heros - -

unicolor - -

ScaRITES

affinis - -

bipustulatus -

denticollis - .

depressus - -

distinctas - -

Ephialtes - -

intermedins -

marginatus :

patruelis - -

quadriceps - :

4-maculatus -

substriatus -

Page.

192

191

192

870

232

231

233

231

232

231

870

234

440

217

208

348

371

420

419

418

420

419

219

417

440

211

213

211

210

211

210

213

210

subterraneus

vicinus -

Scaritides -

Scolytus -

SELENOPHORUS

mreus -

Beauvosii -

caliginosus

ellipticus -

fossulatus -

gagatinus -

granarius -

impressus -

iripennis -

lugubris_~ -

maurus =

ovalis -

parallelus -

pedicularius

planipennis -

productus -

pulicarius -

stigmosus -

tenebrosus -

troglodytes

varicolor -

viridescens

Sericoda

bembidioides

Simplicimani

Simplicipedes

SpHaRODERUS

bilobus -

Brevoorti -

Le Contei -

niagarensis -

nitidicollis -

stenostomus

Speracra -

Sponeorus

verticalis -

Stenolophide

STENOLOPHUS

badiipennis

carbonarius

cinctus .

conjunctus -

convexicollis

dissimilis -

fuliginosus -

fuscatus-

fuscipennis -

misellus -

ochropezus -

plebeius” -

rotundicollis

Page.

211

210

447

393

416

395

394

416

390

394

389

339

386

390

394

390

393

394

390

394

389

391

393

392

227

216

440

444

443

442

443

441

378

376

404

409

406

410

409

410

409

410

Index to Volume Four.

Page. Page. } Page.

spretus - - 417; dolosus - - 470 xanthopus } - 469

versicolor - - 410 elegantulus - 468] Tarus S - 186

STEREOCERUS ephippiatus - 468! Tuyreorrerus , =

caudicalis - - 336 ferrugineus - 474 fasciatus - ~ F197.

corvinus - - 336] flavicandus - - 471| Thoracici - D6

grandiceps - - 336 granarius - - 470] Trechini _ sogg

Juctuosus - - 336] incurvus” - - 469) Trechus

nigrita - - 336 inornatus - raya conjunctus - - 410

rostratus - - 370] Jevus- - - 472 flavipes - - 407

similis _ - - 870] mendax - - 469 partiarius - ae lsh)

STERorvs misellus _- - 474 rupestris - - 406

faber - . - 353] mundissimus - 468 ruficrus- - 404

morto = - - 355] nigriceps - - 474 similis Z - 404

obsoletus - - 354] occultus” - - 470 tibialis x - 405

spoliatus - - 353] picipes - - 471} Trrena +

tenebricosus - 353] proximus - - 471 angustata - "PeA ieee

ventralis = - - 371]- pulchellus - - 470 depressa - - (965

Stomis pumilus — - - 4795 indistincta - - 365

americanus - 356] scitulus” - - 471) Truncatipennes - 184

Slubulipalpi - 451) sequax - - 472! Zupuium aT

Tacnys tripunctatus - 469! americanum - 210

anceps - - 470] troglondytes - 472

corruscus - - 472 vivax - - - 468 \

INDEX

For the genera and species of Geodephagous Coleoptera contained in Dr. Lo

Conte’s paper—(see below.)

Page

Amianthium - - - 121

Amphianthus - - . 82

Anser - - - - - 171

Apus - - - - - 155

Bullia - - - - = 491

Bulimus - - - = 169

Cardium - - - - 168

Caloptorus - - - : 39

Ceratdphyllacee - - - 41

Chamelirion - - - - oe

Cholchicee - - - = 110

Conulites - - - - 185

Conus - - = - S 169

Cyprea - - - - - 477

Empetrum - - - - 83

Euryderus” - - - - 151

Helonias - - - - 130

Leavenworthia - - - 87

Leimanthium - = - 114

Leucocrinum - - - 110

Maranthera - - - 80

Marginella - - - 163-432

Melanthacez - - : - 103

Melanthee -

Molossus -

Passimachus

Pentagonia -

Picus - =

Piliolites =

Plecotes =

Pleea - =

Procellaria -

Psydrus -

Pyrrhula -

Ranella =

Sarracenia -

Scheenocaulon

Stenanthium

Tofliedia -

Triantha =

Triton “

Vauquelinite

Veratrum -

Vespertilio -

Xerophyllum -

Zigadenus~ -