CONTENTS

OF THE

Per re <V O°L:U ME.

BY C. B. ADAMS,

Descriptions of new species of Parruta and AcHATINELLA ie ee

Descrirtions of new species and varieties of Shells which inhabit Jamarca

Descrietions of new species and varieties of the Land-Shells of Jamaica,

with Notes on some previously described species . 5 - :

Descriptions of new Fresh-water Shells which inhabit Jamaica ate

Carazocus of Land and Fresh-water Shells which inhabit Jamaica ,

Cataxocur of Shells collected at Panama, with Notes on their Synonymy,

Station, and Habitat . 5 s 4 A S ; é

BY C. B. ADAMS, AND EDWARD CHITTY (of Kingston, Jam.).

Remarxs on the Habitats of certain species of Land-Shells .

BY S. F. BAIRD.

Description of anew species of SytviootA Sw www

BY JOHN G. BELL.

Osservations on the Limos scotopacea of Seiiasiy stn wee Tage hz

On the Pirro Orgconvs, as distinguished from the Premo arcricus of

Swainson Me Sg } : Pay iyi

Description of a new species of the genus Fuuicuta. . 3 .

BY J. CARSON BREVOORT,

Description of the Serene ARGENTEA of Lacépede, a fish whose existence

has been doubted . , 4 3 : Be x : -

103

229

100

217

219

vi CONTENTS.

BY JACOB P. GIRAUD, JR.

AGE

Description of a new species of Henivar ~ we wet : 40

BY GEO. N. LAWRENCE.

Osseryvations on Mr. Bett’s paper on Limosa scotopaceA Say . +. +

Description of Mrius MELANOPTERUS . : : 35

On the occurrence of the Caspian TERN (Sylochelidon Caspius) i in North

America... wi iy ee 2. ike ea . 37

Description of a new species of TyRaANNUS. . eM ee 39

Descriptions of new species of Birds of the genera Controstrum, Emperr-

NnaGRA, and XANnrHoRNvs, with a list of other species not heretofore

noticed as being found within the limits of the United States. 112

Appitions to North-American Ornithology, No.1. : as . ruth

Descriptions of new species of Birds of the genera Toxostoma, TYRANNULA,

and PLECTROPHANES ; . ° a ¢ : 121

Avpitions to North-American Gamenines No. ae . : - : 123

OrnitHoLoaicaL Nores : ° 5 - aly . : : . 220

BY JOHN L. LE CONTE,

Synopsis of the Coreorrrrous Insects of the Group CLerip# which inhabit

LAGU URIBeOMMDEBES fe re te oe Ne ish Oy ee ec bared nae 9

Descriptions of new species of CoreopTera, from California. : < 125

BY TEMPLE PRIME.

Descriptions of two new species of Fresh-water Shells . . «© «. 218

BY JOHN H. REDFIELD.

Descriptions of new species of MarcryeLia, with Notes on sundry species

of Marginetta and Cypr#a . . ene . sq ss 224

OFFICERS OF THE LYCEUM.

Loa.

President.

JOSEPH DELAFIELD.

Vice Presidents.

WM. C. REDFIELD. Be W. BUDD; M.D:

Corresponding Secretary.

J OTIN VE Rb DE bE ED.

Recording Secretary.

ROBERT H. BROWNNE.

Oreasurer.

S: CHARLES M. WHEATLEY.

Librartar.

ROBERT DINWIDDIE.

@Wurators.

J. CARSON BREVOORT: BW. BUDD, MD:

ROBERT H. BROWNNE. Oo. W. GIBBS, M.D.

GEO. N. LAWRENCE.

COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION.

WM. C. REDFIELD.

ABRAHAM HALSEY.

GEO. N. LAWRENCE.

J. CARSON BREVOORT.

JOHN G. ADAMS, M.D.

LIST, OF (MEMBERS.

Resident Members.

[Those marked with an * are deceased. }

Elected

Adams, John G., M.D., 1837

*Akerley, Samuel, M.D. 1817

* Allen, Rev. Ira W., 1846

Anthon, John, 1817

Anthon, Wm. H., 1845

’ Archibald, Andrew, 1852

*Barnes, Daniel H.., 1819

*Baudoine, E. F., 1817

Beadle, Edward L., M.D., 1835

Bedford, Prof. G.S., M.D., 1845

Bell, John G., 1837

Blunt, Edmund, 1845

*Boyd, G. W., 1828

Bradford, Hezekiah, 1848

Bradhurst, J. M., 1833

Brevoort, J. Carson, 1840

Brinckerhoff, I., M.D.,U.S.N.,1828

Brooks, Orville, M.D., 1829

Brownne, Robt. H., 1833

Budd, Bern W., M.D. —:1839

Carey, Sam. T., 1831

Carey, Wm. F., 1835

Cary, Henry, 1828

*Carter, Nath. H., 1824

*Chilton, George, 1827

*Clements, James, 1817

*Coles, Benj. U., 1817

Congdon, Charles, 1846

Cotheal, Alex. J., 1847

*Dana, James F.,

Davis, Charles H.,

*De Kay, James E., M.D.,

Delafield, Joseph,

*De Rham, H. C.,

Dinwiddie, Robert,

Dodge, Jonathan, M.D.,

Dorr, George B.,

Draper, Prof. John W.,

Dupuy, Eugene,

*Dyckman, Jacob,

Edwards, Wm. H.,

*Endicott, Geo.,

Feuchtwanger, Lewis,

Field, Hickson W.,

Fleming, Augustus,

*Francis, Henry M.,

Francis, John W., M.D.,

*Gahn, Henry,

Gallatin, Albert R.,

Gescheidt, Anthony, M.D.,

*Gibbs, George,

Gibbs, Prof. O. Wolcott,

Giraud, Jun., Jacob P.,

Glover, John,

Elected

1826

1836

1819

1823

1836

1846

1836

1835

1839

1846

1817

1847

1845

1830

1829

1817

1840

1846

1822

1840

1830

Goldsmith, Middleton, M.D., 1840

Graves, Edward A.,

1823

Green, Isaac, M.D.,

Guillauden, Emile,

Haines, Wm. A.,

Hall, J. Prescott,

Halsey, Abraham,

Hamilton, John C.,

*Handy, C. O.,

Harris, Edward,

Hicks, Henry W.,

Hiscox, Gardner D.,

Hodge, James T.,

Holton, David P., M.D,

Holton, Prof. Isaac F.,

*Hone, John,

Hone, John P.,

*Hosack, J. E. 8.,

Hoyt, Henry,

Hull, O.,.

*TIrving, William S.,

*Jay, Peter A.,

Jay, John,

Johnson, W. T.,

Jones, Samuel T.,

*Kearney, R., M.D.,

Kellogg, Orson,

Kemble, William,

*King, Frederick G.,

*Kissam, B. P., M.D.

Lawrence, George N.,

Le Roy, Peter V.,

Loines, John,

Loomis, Prof. Elias,

*Lowndes, O. M.,

Ludlow, T. W.,

Mason, Prof. Cyrus,

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Elected

1840

1846

1849

1847

1818

1829

1840

1834

1835

1848

1844

1840

1846

1826

1836

1823

1833

1824

1817

1839

1836

1842

1848

1847

1849

1824

1817

1845

1848

1846

1838

1829

1824

1843

McCracken, John L. H.,

*Mitchill, Samuel L., M.D.,

*Moore, B.,

Moore, Prof. Nathaniel F.,

Moore, William,

*Morton, Francis,

Mott, Prof. Valentine,

Ogden, David S.,

Olmstead, Rev. Lemuel G.,

Paine, Prof. Martyn,

Parish, Daniel,

Parish, Henry,

*Pattison, Prof. G. P.,

Paulding, Nathaniel,

*Peers, Rev. B. O.,

Perry, Matthew C., U.S. N.,

Prime, Edward,

Prime, Frederick,

Prime, Rufus,

Ray, Robert,

Redfield, William C,

Redfield, John H.

*Reed, Luman,

*Revere, Prof. John,

Russell, Archibald,

*Schaeffer, Rev. F. C.,

Schapps, Cornelius, M.D.,

Seeley, Wm. A.,

*Sherwood, Gilbert,

Sloat, J. B., U.S.N.,

Smith, J. Augustine, M.D.,

Smith, J. Bryant,

Smith, James Elnathan,

Elected

1830

1817

1838

1827

1824

1817

1845

1849

1846

1824

1836

1829

1845

1817

1840

1823

1835

1832

1833

1835

1837

1836

1834

1827

1836

1818

1849

1845

1837

1827

1826

1852

1848

Smith, Thos. L., M.D:, U.S.N., 1849

Stuart, Robert L.,

1847

Swift, William, M.D.,U.S.N., 1817

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Elected

Tellkampff, Theod., M.D., 1847

Thompson, Martin E., 1830

Thompson, Aaron R., 1830

*Throop, Enos T., 1837

Torrey, Prof. John, 1817

Tracy, Samuel F., 1852

Trudeau, J., M.D., 1846

Van Nostrand, Henry D., 1850

Van Rensselaer, Alex., M.D., 1849

Van Rensselaer, J.. M.D., 1820

Verplanck, Gulian C.,

Verplanck, S.,

Wagstaff, Alfred,

*Ward, James F.,

*Watkins, J. S.,

* Watts, John,

Wheatley, Charles M.,

* Wilkens, J. F.,

Zabriskie, Martin,

Honorary Members.

[Restricted to forty.]

(Those marked with an * are deceased.)

Names and Residences.

* Abadea, Pedro; Peru,

*Agardh, Prof. C. A.; Lund, Sweleit , 5

Agassiz, Prof. Louis ; Venere Mass, . : :

Arnott, G. A. Walker? Arlay, Scotland, . 2 a

*Bang, Hoffman; Odense, Denmark, : .

*Berzelius, Prof. J. J.; Stockholm, Sweden, é

Bigelow, Prof. Jacob; Boston, Mass., = :

Bivona, Baron ; Palermo, Sicily,

Brown, Robert ; London,

Buckland, Prof. Walkata: Oxford, Eng, : :

*Castrom, Prof. H.; a chackholen ured:

Clark, Bracy ; eee

Cleaveland, Prof. Parker ; Bhanedbk: Me, . ;

*Clinton, De Witt; New Yok

Cloquet, Jules, M. Dye ‘Paris,

*Collins, Zaccheus : Bliladélphis. Ea %

*Correa de Serra, J oseph; Portugal,

*Cuvier, Baron G.; Paris,

Dana, James D.; . New Haven, Gian: ;

*De Candolle, Prof, Aug. Pyr.; Geneva, Switz,

De Candolle, Prof. Alph. ;

66 6c

*Dejean, Lieut-General, Count; Paris, : :

De La Beche, Henry ; London,

Elected

1818

1824

1836

1817

1818

1840

1831

1834

Elected

1820.

1837.

1817.

1826.

1817.

1828.

1817.

1819.

Ly.

1819.

TSLi,

1817,

1823.

1852.

1817.

1852.

1830,

1837.

xi LIST OF MEMBERS.

Names and Residences. Elected

* Deshayes, G. P.; Paris, . ‘ ; : 3 F 1852.

Dillwyn, Lewis ee Swansea, Wale ; , 7 1826.

Edwards, Prof. H. Milne: Panini «: ’ : : ; 1852.

*Elliot, Stephen ; Gilddlesten: Ba., |: : : ; “ 1817.

*Ferussac, Baron D. de; Paris, : ‘ : ; . 1826.

Fischer, Prof. G.; Moscow, Russ, . 5 : : . 1852.

Gmelin, Prof. ; : Tbiaslans : : : ‘ ; 1836.

Gray, Prof. Dean Cambridge, come é : ; ? ‘ 1852.

Greville, Robt. Kaye; Edinburgh, Scot... : . : 1823,

Hall, James; Albany, N. Y., . ; ; ; ‘ 1852.

Mavrey, Eroe Wii Dublin) Ireland, ; : : 1852.

*Hauy, Abbé; Paris, : 3 : “ 1817.

~ Holbrook, John Edward ; <Thaniestont S. C., ‘ : ; 1852.

Hooker, Sir W. Jackson ; Glasgow, Scot., . : : 1823.

*Hosack, David, M.D. ; N ew York, . : ‘ ; : 1818.

Humboldt, Baron Alex. de; Berlin, Prussia, . : : 1826.

*Jefferson, Thomas; Virginia, . : : é F ; LSH7.

*Knapp, G. C.; Germany, : ; A ; : ‘ 1817.

*Lambert, Aylmer Bourke; London, . ‘ : ‘ ; 1817.

*Lamoroux, Prof. J. V. F.; Caen, France, . ‘ ; : 1828.

*Latreille, P. A.; Paris, . : : : 1826.

Lehmann, ior. dG Cos Hamburg, Ger, 5 é 3 1823.

*Lesueur, C. A.; Paris, . ; : é : 1841.

Lindley, Prof. aot ; London, . é : ‘ : : 1830.

Long, Col. Stephen i: | Uj Sasa : : : - 1817.

Eyal Charles ; AL onden, ; : . : : 1836.

*Macneven, Prof. Wm. J.; New York: : : ; ; 1817.

*McClure, Wm. ; eledelphis Pas 3 ‘ ; : : 27.

*Monroe, James; Virginia, : ; d : : : 1817.

*Munos, Bartolomi de ; Buenos Ayres, : . 3 ; 1823.

Murchison, Sir R. I.; London, : : : 1836.

Nees Von Esenbeck, "Prof C. G.; Breslau, ee : : 1836.

Nuttall, Thomas; London, ; : : , 4 d 1822.

* Peale, C. WV acs REisedtipie Page st ; - ! : 1817.

*Savi, Prof. Gasianot Pisa, Italy, % d 5 1817.

*Schweinitz, Rev. Lewis D. de ; -Beililetiants Pais : 5 1823.

Silliman, Prof. B.; New Havent Conn, : : 1819.

*Smith, Sir James Edward ; London, , ‘ ; 4 1817.

Somme, Prof. ; Antwerp, : : ; ; : 1817.

*Sprengel, Prof. Kurt; Halle, Geman : ; ; . 1820.

Strongonoff, Count : St. Petersburgh, Russ, . : - 1836.

Swift, General Joseph G.; New York, : ; , , 1817.

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. xiii

Names and Residences. Elected

Thomson, Prof. Thomas; Glasgow, Scot., ‘ ‘ : 1828.

*Trinius, Dr. Charles B. ; St. Petersburgh, ee ; : 1836.

Valenciennes, Achille ; Dare, : é 3 = 1837.

*Van Rensselaer, cptee Albany, N. Y., : ; : 1823.

Verneuil, Edward de; Paris, . , : é , 1846.

Von Martius, Prof. C. F. P.; Munich, Gamay. : : 1841,

Corresponding Members.

(Those marked with an * are deceased.)

(Those marked + were elected as Resident Members, but have become Corre-

sponding Members by change of residence.)

Names and Residences. Elected

Abert, Coli J.J. UsS: Agee. : , ; : : 1825.

Adams, Prof. C. B.; Amherst, Mass., : ‘ ‘ ‘ 1849,

*Adee, Augustus, M.D.; U.S.N, . : , ‘ : 1833.

Alger, Francis ; Boston, Mass., : 3 : : : 1834.

Allen, John H.; Oxford, Md., , : : - 1847.

Allen, dieritltan. Aye MED, ¢ Nt ddlcensy Vt, ‘ 5 q 1825.

tAllen, Theodore, . : : 5 : 1834.

Atwater, Caleb; (ibehseilies Ohio, : 3 ; 5 : 1817.

*Audouin, Victor; Paris, France, . : , ‘ : 1826.

* Audubon, John James ; Louisiana, . : : ‘ ; 1824,

Bachman, Rey. John; Charleston, 8. C., é : ; 1834.

Baird, Spencer F.; Washington, D.C. . : ; : 1846.

*Barabino, Joseph ; New Orleans, Louis., . : : , 1830.

Barclay, Robert; England, . ‘ é . 1830.

Barlow, Saml. W., M.D. ; Granville, Nass, : ; 3 1824,

Bass, Seth ; Beary Maas. : : : : 1824.

Beck, Prof. Lewis C.; Albany, N. y,, : : , 4 1817.

*Beck, Prof. T. ae Albany, N. ve is ‘ : : 1817.

Bell, James H.; Sandusky, Ohio, . : : : é 1836.

tBell, John, . ; , ‘ : P 1825.

Bennett, Rev. Cephas ; aver, Bieriahe : : : : 1847.

*Bigsby, John J., M.D.; England, . Fi : : : 1824,

*Binney, Amos, MD.; Biston, Mass., : : : : 1846.

Boisduval, J. M.; Paris, France, : 3 4 F : 1830.

Boissier, E.; Geneva, Switz, . ‘ d : : : 1852.

Bonaparte, Charles L.; Rome, Italy, : . : : 1824.

xiv LIST OF MEMBERS.

Names and Residences. Elected

Boott, Francis, M.D.; London, England, . : : : 1837.

Bouillet, J. B.; Auvergne, France, . F : : ‘ 1836.

Brace, John P.; Litchfield, Conn., . : - : c 1817.

*Bradbury, ine England, . . ° ° : 1817.

Brainard, Prof. j ohn ; Cleveland, Okie: ~ : - ‘ 1852.

Breithaupt, Prof. Auer Freyberg, .« : - : - 1830.

tBrinckerhoff, P. R., : : : ; ‘ 1839.

Brockett, L. P., M.D.; Hartford, Borin, wig : : ; 1847.

Brongniart, eigher. Paris, sl : é - : 1820.

tBronson, Oliver, . : ; : . 1818.

Buckley, Saml. B.; New oe , - - : : 1843.

*Burrill, Eli ; oy New York, : : : ° : 1818.

*Caldes, Don Mariano ; Mexico, : : : : : 1825.

tCary, ThomasG., . ‘ A : : 1829.

Cassin, John, M. Ds ‘piladeigis Bas - : 5 E 1847.

Castelnau, Count; Pane France, . : A : - 1839.

tCatlin, George, . : ° : ; : 1825.

Chapman, A. W., M.D. ; ; Florida, : ; : : ; 1836.

Christy, David ; Gihapi: Ohio, ; : - = é 1852.

Chitty, Rawaeds Kingston, Jamaica, x : : - 1851.

Clapp, Wm. R.; Philadelphia, Pa., . : = : : 1831,

Clarke, Alonzo, M.D.; Williamstown, Mass. . : 1832.

Clark, Thomas; Bristol, England, . - ~ “ : 1827.

Clarke, Edward ; Saugerties, New York, . : : - 1832.

Coates, Reynell, M.D. ; Philadelphia, Pa., - z 1837.

Cocco-Grasso, Lorenzo, M.D. ; Palermo, Sicily, . 5 : 1847.

Conrad, Timothy A.; Philadelphia, Pa, . : : ° 1837.

Cooke, Robt. L. ; Bloomfield, N. J., : : : : 1848.

+Cooper, William ; Bull’s Ferry, : ; : - Jo. SLE

Couthouy, Joseph P.; Boston, Mass., : ° : . 1837.

+Cozzens, Issachar ; Bull’s ee : : eat, 1822.

+Cramer, Charles ; St. Petersburgh, Hissin ° ° ° 1834.

*Croom, Henry B.: ; Tallahassee, Florida, . : ° : 1836.

Cruger, John Baseh; M.D., Westchester, N. Y., : : 1838.

+Cumberland, William, . : : : - : . 1817.

Dalliba, James ; Moriah, New York, : : ; : 1826.

Dalton, Henry G., M.D.; Georgetown, Demarara, . : 1850.

Dana, James D.; New Haven, Conn., : : . : 1837.

Darlington, Wm., M.D.; Westchester, Pa., ‘ : . 1827.

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Names and Residences.

Day, Rev. Warren ; Richmond, N. Y.,

Day, F. H.; Ithaca, N. Y., é

*Dearborn, Benjamin ; Boston, Mass.,

De Corroy, Francisco ; Tabasco, Mexico, .

De Kay, George C.; Bull’s Ferry, New Jersey, .

Delafield, Maj. Richard; U.S. A., :

De La Motta, J., M.D.; Charleston, 8. C.,

Delano, J. C.; New Bedford, Mass.,

De La Sagra, Ramon; Havana, Cuba,

Del Rio, Prof. Andres; Mexico,

Demarest, Prof. Newel Gaetan ; Paris, Brande!

De Moleon, M. V.; he: Phat

tDenning, Wm. H.,

De Russey, Col. Edward : on 8, A.,

+De Selding, Charles, ;

Desor, Edward ; Boston, Mass.,

Devan, T. T., MD., :

Dewey, Prof. Chester ; Fodkeasieid N. ¥s

Dewey, Timothy, .

De Worth, F.; St. Estrin a4 Paces

Dobereiner, Prof, J. W.; Jena,

Domnando, M.; ‘athens, Greece, . .

Doubleday, Edward ; Epping, England,

*Douglass, Prof. D. B.; Brooklyn, N. Y.,

Drapier, Prof. A. ; Brussels, Belg.,

Du Bois, Henry A., : : : .

Dunham, J.; Lexington, Ky., . F ‘

Dupont, M.; Paris, France, . : :

*Eaton, Prof. Amos ; Troy, New York, :

*EKaton, Hezekiah H.; Lexington, . 3

Ehlers, Juan ; Moves: F : :

*Kights, James, M.D. ; seh outst N, y,

Engelspach la rae Aug.; Bhissils Belipideny

Engelman, George, M.D. ; ‘St. Louis, Mo., . :

Farley, G. A.,

Betersionleeet™ G. W.; apWacliau nti D. C,

Finch, John ; London, England, : : .

Fischer, Prof. G.; Moscow, Russia, . : :

Fitch, Alexander ; Carlisle, N.Y. . : :

Folkes, Capt. F. A.; Hamburg, Germany, “

Elected

1848.

1824.

1833.

1824.

1851.

1817.

1836.

1835.

SLT.

1826.

1833.

1832.

1825.

1835.

1847.

1831.

1817.

1825.

1835.

1831.

1836.

1838.

1817.

1824,

1836.

1825.

1846.

1817.

1829.

1835.

1829.

1827.

1846.

1841,

1828,

1833.

1836.

1845,

1832,

xvi LIST OF MEMBERS.

Names and Residences.

Forbes, John, M.D.; London, England,

Foster, John W.; Zanesville, Ohio,

*Fowler, Samuel, M.D.; Franklin, N. J.,

Fox, Rev. Charles; Michigan, : :

+Gale, Leonard D.; Washington, D. C.,

Gardner, Daniel, M.D.; Virginia, . ‘

Gates, Hezekiah, M.D. ; Alabama,

Gaudichaud, M.; Paris, France, i ‘

Gay, Claudius ; Paris, France, :

Gebhard, John ; Albany, N. Y., ; :

Gibbes, Prof. Robert W.; Columbia, S. C.,

Gibbes, Prof. Lewis R. ; Charleston, 8. C.,

Gibbs, jr., John ; Turks Island, : ‘

Girard, Charles ; Washington, D. C.,

Guiseppe, Count de Cigalla, M.D. ; Greece,

Goethe, M.; Jena, A

Gould, ae. A., M.D. ; ata, Ns

Graham, iersiake Rue peeale Scot.,

+Graves, J. J., ‘ ‘ ‘

Gray, Prof. wee Sane Mae

Greenland, b. R, M.D. ; S. Gar. es é

Habersham, Joseph C., M.D.; Savannah, Ga.,

Haldeman, S. S.; Columbia, Pa., P

*Hale, Moses, M.D. ; Troy, N. Y.,

*Hall, Prof. : Mdalcbiay, Vite

*Hall, Capt. Basil, R. N.; “Hainbargh, efi

Halsted, Marius B., M.D. : U8. A,

Hancock, Dr. ; Damages ‘

*Harlan, Richard, M.D. ; s Pualedelp isi ete

Harris, Rev. Harvey ; Clee IN; Wis

Harris, Rey. Thomas ; Pinlaelpinas Bing

*Henderson, Col. Arch.; Washington, D. C.,

Henderson, James H. ; . Jefenon County, N. Yi,

*Hentz, Prof. A. M.,

Henwood, Wm. Jory; Génaatl Fad:

Heron, J.. M.D.; Warwick, . ‘ ‘

Herrick, Barpard C.; New Haven, Conn,, .

tHickock, William C., M.D.; Vermont,

Hill, John H.; Nyack, .

Elected

1840.

1846.

1824,

1839.

1826.

1840-

1829.

1837.

1831.

1835.

1849.

1847.

1832.

1852.

1841.

1826.

1846.

1829.

1824.

1836.

1817.

1824.

1846.

1818.

1820.

1827.

1845.

1824,

1825.

1847.

1817.

1825.

1828.

1832.

1842.

1829.

1837.

1848.

1837.

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Names arid Residences.

Hitchcock, Prof. Edward ; Amherst, Mass.,

Holmes, A. F., M.D.; Montreal, Canada,

Holmes, Francis 8. ; Charleston, 8S. Car.,

Hope, Rev. Fred. W.; London, England,

Hopkins, Wm.; Auburn, N.Y...

Horsfield, Prenies M.D.; London, .

xvii

Elected

1837.

1825.

1849.

1846.

1846,

1826,

Hough, Franklin B. Te ; Somerville, St. iAveonee iCai N. Y., 1852.

* Howard, William, MD. ; Balierake Md.,

Jackson, Charles T., M.D.; Boston, Mass.,

Jacobs, W. S., M.D.; St. Croix, W. L,

*Jacquemont, Victor} Paris, France,

James, Edwin, M.D.3 Albany, N. Y., s

Jamieson, Rev. J. M.; Sabbathu, India, . ‘

Janin, Louis; Paris, France, . é : ,

tJay, John C.; Rye, New York, : 5

* Johnson, Prof. Walter R.; Philadelphia, Pa., ’

Johnson, Prof. John ; Middletowh,; Conn.,

Jones, Wim. Louis ; Ga ‘ ‘ P ‘

Julien, M.; Paris, France, . 3 ; R

Kellogg, Prof. Ebenezer; Williamstown, Mass. ,

King, Alfred T., M.D. ; Greensburg, Pa., . ;

Hcing, CoR., M.D. ; 3 ; :

King, Henry, M.D.; St. Louie: ess ; :

Aas T. Wilkinson, ee London, England, .

ee Col.; Fr saaskeit Conn.,

Kirckhoff, Chev. Hales MDS: aint Holl.,

Kirtland, Jared P., M.D.; Cleveland, Ohio,

Knevels, D. Jurco, V.; West Indies,

Lea, Isaac, Philadelphia, Pa., , :

tLe Conte, John ; Philadelphia, Pa., :

tLe Conte, John L., M.D.; Philadelphia, Pa,

tLee, Charles A., M.D.; Buffalo, N. Y., . :

L’Herminier, Felix; Charleston, S. C.,

Leidy, M.D., Joseph; Philadelphia, :

*Loomis, Col. Lebbeus; New York, . 2. ,

*Madiana, P. Ricord, M.D.; Paris, France,

tMapes, James J.; awake N.d;, :

1821.

1834.

1826.

1825.

1827.

1847,

1828.

1832.

1837.

1838.

1848.

1827.

1817.

1852.

1838.

1846.

1843.

1825.

1826.

1839.

1820.

1829.

1817.

1845.

1839.

1818.

1848.

1825.

1824.

1835.

XViil LIST OF MEMBERS.

Names and Residences. Elected

Marsh, Dexter; Greenfield, Mass. . é ‘ ‘ 1852.

Marshall, Henry, M.D.; Kortright, N. Y, : : . 1835,

tMarshal, J.R., . . ; ; ; 1838.

Mason, Rev. Fran: Tayine Binthah; ‘ ‘ é ‘ 1847.

Mather, W. W.; Columbus, Ohio, . 7 ‘ 4 ‘ 1837.

tMaunder, J oi . ‘ ; ‘ 5 1845,

Merriam, James §.; inca N. ah 3 : , ; 1847.

Messeler, Rev. Abn ; Somerville, N. Digtes ‘ : 1835.

Metcalf, Wm. ; Leadon: England, . ; : ; ; 1842.

t Metcalf, Banal S., : . . . 1833.

McClelland, John, M.D. ; raGakcueti: Hinilostant 4 : 1841.

McGillivray, Wm. ; gudanbnaech: Bent! ts : - 1831.

MeNab, Gilbert, M.D.; Kingston, Satanien ; : P 1852.

Michelotti, Giovanni; Turin, Italy, . . 3 ‘ ei 1842.

Moore, Whitby E.; Para, Brazil, . ‘ ; P 1844.

tMorris, O. W.; Knoxville, Tenn., . ° ° 4 : 1845.

Morris, Major W. Wie5 el SMAs din : : : 1851.

*Morton, Samuel G., Tan capi dadeloan, Pa, . A 1826.

+Newman, John B., M.D., ; ; , . 1847.

Newberry, John S., M. Da Glereland, Ohio, : ; : 1852.

Niles, Nathaniel ; Pas Fisaiies , - ; : 1830.

Olmstead, Charles H.; East Hartford, Conn. . é ; 1844.

Owen, R. B., M.D.; Nigimesee, ‘ = : , 1817.

Pailloux, A.; Paris, France, . i ; . , . 1827.

Pecchioli, V.; Pisa, Italy, ; P ” . 1846.

+Pease, Wm. i nes hin 5 LS - 1841.

+Perkins, Cyrus, ; : : ; : ‘ : 1828.

tPetersen, George C., : } . : 1829.

Pickering, Charles, M. De scehiladalghigy Pag c r 3 1828.

Piddington, Henry ; Calwitie Hindostan, “ ‘ : 1846.

Pierce, James; Litchfield, Conn, . ; : i : 1821.

Pitcher, Zena, M.D. ; Detroit, Michigan, . § F ‘ 1824,

Plumb, Ovid, M.D.; Salisbury, Conn., ; P ‘ 1847.

Poey, Prof. Don Felipe ; Havana, Cuba, . ‘ e i 1851.

*Popham, Major Wm.; Scarsdale, N. Y., . J " 1825.

Porcher, Francis P., M.D.? Charleston, 8. C., . ; ‘ 1847,

Porter, Jacob, M.D.; Plainfield, Mass. . ; * : 1818.

Prescott, John ; St. Petersburg, Russia, . ° : ; 1836,

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Names and Residences.

Prime, Temple : Cambridge, Mass., .

*Rafinesque, C. S.; Philadelphia, Pa.,

Rains, Major Geo. W.; U.S.A, .

Randall, Henry S.; Cortlandville, N. Y.,

Randolph, Thomas M.; Richmond, Va., .

tRankin, Robert ; Fishkill, N. Y.,

Reeve, Lovell ; London, England,

Reid, Lieut. Col. Wm.; Malta,

Retzius, Prof. Aideoaas Stockholm, Sedan)

Reynolds, J. N.; Ohio, : ‘

+Rhinelander, Jin Ri, SEDs

Roane, J., M.D.; < Wentaaee,

Righorison, Rev. 53 J.; Fishkill, N. Y.

Romer, Ferdinand ; rane Prussia, .

Rosa, Wi Vane "MD.; ; Watertown, N. Yi

Rosenberg, Gharles de ; St. Petersburg, Bien

Saltus, 1. B.:. 0. 8 Ns’.. i ; . <

Savage, Rev. Thomas S.; Alabama,

*Say, Thomas; Philadelphia, Pa, . ‘ :

tScheffer, George C., :

Schomburgk, Robt. EB; si leon

Schooleraft, Henry R. ; ech cen)

Schuler, G., M.D. ; Jeu

Seariniiziey. Prof. £ G.; St. Potente Enea

Senakerim, D. M.; A oasenane pie Turkey,

Silliman, Jun., ae ; New Haven, Conn.,

Sinclair, Wm.; West Hoboken, N. J.,

Sismonda, Eugene ; Turin, Italy,

Skinner, Ezekiel, M.D.; Liberia, . : é

Sloat, L. W.; aliforaia ;

Smith, Riankli New Brunswick, N. J.,

Smith, Harailion L.; Cleveland, Ohio, .

+Smith, S. R., . ¢

*Smith, Prof, Wace Naw eee Conte

St. John, Prof. ual Hudson, Ohio, .

Stephens, Daniel : ein, S..C5

Stewart, Commodore Charles; U.S. N., .

Stillman, Charles H., M.D. ; Plainfield, N. J.,

+Storer, E., Bragged hy

scien. A, MD.; - USN. é

xix

Elected

1852.

Ley.

1851.

1846.

1825.

1836.

1837.

1839.

1849.

1829.

1824.

LOLT.

1817.

1845.

1847,

1836.

1825.

1847.

1825.

1842.

1829.

1819.

1835.

1836.

1844.

1838.

1847.

1845.

1837.

1838.

1828.

1852.

1826.

1825.

1838.

1825.

1840.

1830.

1847,

xX LIST OF MEMBERS,

Names and Residences.

Swainson, William; London, England,

*Telfair, Charles; Mauritius,

+Thomson, James ; Italy, .

_ Thomson, Henry L.; Italy,

+Totten, Col. Joseph G., U.S.A.,

+Toronsenas, P. S.,

* Troost, Prof. Gemaeds Nashiville, Torn,

Vaceari, Prof. C.; Chioggia, Italy, .

Vancleve, John W.; Dayton, Ohio,

Vandermelen, Prof. ; Brussels, Belgium, .

Van Mons, Prof, ; Lonvain

+Vanuxem, Prof. avanee: ; Bristol, Pa.

Van Winthem, Wm.; Hamburg, Ger.,

*Velasquez, Don Joaquin 3 Goonies Cuba,

Verplanck, D. C. ; Fishkill, N. Y.

Vickar, Prof. Benjamin M.,

Vigors, N. A.; London, England,

Villa, Antonio; Milan, Italy, .

Villa, Jean Baptiste ; Milan, Italy,

Von Breda, Prof. M.; Ghent, Belg.,

*Von Lederer, Baron; Vienna, Austria,

Ward, J. C.; Chilicothe, Ohio, , :

Ward, Matthew A., M.D.; Athens, Ga, .

*Warden, David B.; Paris, France, . :

Waring, William C., M.D.; Savannah, Ga.,

Waren, Rev. Teepe Agishabnas Hadi: :

Webb, Philip Barker ; Paris, France,

*Webster, Prof. J. Wee Boston, Mass.,

+West, Charles E.; Buffalo, N. Y.,

*White, Stephen ; ‘Sigler: Mass.,

Whittlesey, Col. Charles ; Columbus, Obits

+ Wilber, N. B.; Oneida, N. Y., ;

*Wilkes, preree New York,

Williams, John L.; Pensacola, Florida,

*Woodbury, Lucius, M.D.; Mexico, .

Yandell, Prof. Lunsford P. ; Louisville, Ky.,

Yarrell, William ; London, England,

Elected

1830.

1845.

1846.

1824.

1817.

1837.

1832.

1852.

1834.

1826.

1820.

1824.

1851.

1817.

1824.

1827.

1846.

1824.

1827.

1836.

1826.

1824,

1848.

1840.

1819.

1839.

1824.

1852.

1841.

1825.

1827.

1824,

1852.

1837.

ANNALS

OF THE

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

Observations: on the Limosa Sconoracea of Say. By Joun

Bett. Read October 9th, 1848.

Tus bird, first described by Mr. Say, has heretofore been

confounded with Scolopax Noveboracensis, to which it bears

so strong a resemblance, that it has been considered by

ornithologists as identical. I am now happy, from authentic

sources, to establish the difference between the two, and to

confirm the truth of Mr. Say’s determination.

Mr. Say describes his bird as follows: dusky cinereous,

bill straight ; upper mandible a little longer, and very slightly

arcuated towards the tip, about as long again as the head;

yellowish green, tip black, dilated, rugous with a dorsal

groove ; palate, with reflected cartilaginous spines; head, with

a line from the upper mandible over the eye and inferior orbit,

white; cheeks, chin, throat, and origin of the breast, cinere-

ous; the plumage margined with dull whitish; back, beneath

the interscapulars, white ; rump plumage white, fasciate with

2 Observations on Limosa Scolopacea.

black, which latter color is more abundant; lesser wing-coverts

margined with whitish; greater wing-coverts black ; terminal

margin white; secondaries black, interior ones very slightly

edged with white; outer shaft white, a little longer than the

second ; breast and belly white; sides spotted or undulated

with blackish cinereous; inferior tail coverts with black

abbreviated bands, the white prevailing ; feet dirty greenish ;

toes webbed at the base, the exterior one reaching to the first

joint of the toe, the interior one very short, hind toe rather

long.

Length from tip of bill to the end of the tail, 11% in.

ss) oseball - - - - - 274 45

- of feet, - - - - - O% 5

Tail projecting beyond the tip of the wings, LAG ig

Several specimens which were shot in a pond at the

Bowyer Creek, correspond with the genus Scolopax Cuv., in

having the dorsal grooves at the tip of the upper mandible,

and in having this part dilated and rugose, but the eye is not

large, nor is it placed far back upon the head, which two

latter characters, combined with its more elevated and slender

figure, and the circumstance of the thighs being denuded of

feathers high above the knees, and the exterior toe being

united to the middle toe by a membrane, which extends as

far as the first joint, and the toes being also margined, com-

bine to distinguish this species from those of the genus to

which the form and characters of its bill would refer it, and

approach it more closely to Limosa. In one specimen, the

two exterior primaries on each wing were light brown, but

the quills were white. It may, perhaps, with propriety be

considered the type of a new genus, and under the following

characters be placed between the genera Scolopax and Limosa.

Bill longer than the head, dilated and rugose at the tip;

Observations on Limosa Scolopacea. 3

tip slightly curved downwards and with a dorsal groove ;

nasal groove elongated; feet long, an extensive naked space

above the knee; toes slightly marginated, a membrane con-

necting the basal joints of the exterior toes; first of the

primaries rather longest.

From a number of specimens now before me, I find the

adult in summer, to have the entire lower parts uniformly

rufous, the sides barred with black. No mention of this

circumstance being made by Mr. Say, I presume that his

description was taken from a bird in'its winter plumage:

with this exception it agrees with the specimens in my

possession. He says, however, that the tail projects more

than an inch beyond the wings; in all those which I have

examined, the wings and tail are nearly equal, the last

extending only about a quarter of an inch beyond the former ;

this difference on Mr. Say’s bird, probably arose from its being

a dried specimen.

I propose to call this species, Scolopax longirostris, and

venture to offer this description of it.

Scolopax longirostris.— Bill very long, exceeding in length

any other species of the genus, straight ; tibia bare, one inch

above the knee. Brown or brownish black marked with

rufous; line from base of the bill, over the eye dull yellowish

white. Back and upper surface of the wings, barred with

black, sides of the head and neck spotted with black.

From the circumstance of finding many specimens of this

bird in the collections of our most distinguished ornithologists

labeled Scolopax Noveboracensis, and all of them procured at

various times from the coast of Long Island, we may infer

that it is a yearly visitor.

Observations on the preceding Paper. By Grorce N Law-

RENCE. Read January 7,1849. Plate 1.

Tue snipe, described a few weeks since by Mr. Bell, is

undoubtedly identical with the Limosa scolopacea of Say ; for

his original description, see the Notes to Long’s Expedition,

vol. ii., p. 170.

As it is considered due to the first describer of a species that

the specific name given by him should, if possible, be retained,

I think it can be done in this instance.

Mr. Say has never had the credit of his discovery before, as

all recent writers on ornithology have supposed his bird to be

the Red-breasted Snipe, Scolopax grisea, and, consequently,

quoted his name as a synonym of that species. He placed it

with some doubt in the genus Limosa, which he considered it

more to resemble than Scolopax; but, at the same time,

thought it should be made the type of a new genus, to come

between the two. He, however, proposed no generic name,

although he gave the characteristics upon which to found it.

I have thought it not out of place to introduce here the generic

characters as laid down by him, together with a few of his

remarks, as follows:

‘Tt may, perhaps, with propriety, be considered as the type

of a new genus, and, under the following characters, be placed

between the genera Scolopax and Limosa:

‘‘ Bil longer than the head, dilated and rugose at tip; tip

slightly curved downwards, and with a dorsal groove; nasal

groove elongated ; feet long, an extensive naked space above

the knee; toes slightly margined, a membrane connecting the

basal joints of the exterior toes; first of the primaries rather

longest.”

Observations on the preceding Paper. 5

Dr. Leach, in making his catalogue of the British Museum,

and probably acting under the suggestion of Mr. Say, formed

a new genus, viz: ‘‘ Macroramphus,” for Scolopax grisea,

which he, with others, supposed the same as Say’s bird. His

characteristics of the genus agree very closely with those given

by Mr. Say. Bonaparte and Nuttall consider the genus as

well founded, and have accordingly adopted it in their works,

which has also been done more recently by Gray in his “ List

of the Genera of Birds.” ‘This bird must now be added, and

is the most typical of the two species of which this genus will

then consist ; consequently, the name should be changed to

Macroramphus scolopaceus, thereby retaining Mr. Say’s specific

name.

On plate No. 1, is represented a figure of the male in sum-

mer plumage, from a specimen in my possession, and from

which Mr. Bell’s description was made; also, a figure of the

female in winter plumage, as described by Say. The female

exceeds the male in size, which is characteristic of the family.

The specimen from which the drawing of the female was

taken was obtained by Mr. Bell, and is now in the Museum of

the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia. It exceeds

in size most of the individuals examined, which was the cause

of Mr. Bell’s attention being first called to it.

The average size does not differ much from M. griseus,

(although the bills and legs are uniformly much longer ;) this

accounts for its having been heretofore confounded with that

species.

It is found abundantly on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico

in winter. The principal migration is, no doubt, up the Mis-

sissippi Valley, and farther west, where it was first found by

Say. On our coast it is at present rather rare.

On the Pirtio Orxconus, as distinguished from the Pirro

Arcricus of Swainson. By Joun Bett. Read November

27th, 1848.

Upon a critical examination of many specimens of the

bird, figured and described by Mr. Audubon, as the Fringilla

arctica, many strongly marked characters may be observed,

which distinguish it from the Pipilo arcticus of Mr. Swain-

son, with which it has been confounded, not only by him, but

by Mr. Nuttall likewise.

Mr. Audubon’s specimens were procured in the Oregon

territory, and Mr. Nuttall observed it very common in the

valley of the Columbia. Mr. Swainson’s species is probably

never found except on this side of the mountains, and is the

bird which Mr. Nuttall considered as Pipilo erythrophthalmus,

for he observes that this bird is found even at the base of the

mountains,

During an expedition to the upper Missouri, in the year

1813, we did not meet with a single individual of that species,

but daily saw the bird which he undoubtedly mistook for it,

and which is easily recognised as Mr. Swainson’s P. arcticus,

answering his description in every particular, except a trifling

difference in the white markings on the scapulars and tail

feathers, which in the absence of further proof is insufficient

to make a new species of it, which however it may hereafter

prove to be.

From this bird having hitherto been only found in the

Oregon territory, it is proposed to name it

Piero Orgeconus. Bell.

Outer web of the first pair of tail feathers black ; the

On Pipilo Oregonus. 7

black on the breast extending much farther down than in

other species, and running stratght across.

Fringilla Arctica. Audubon and Nuttall.

Head, neck all round, a part of the breast and upper parts in

general, black ; sides and lower tail-coverts orange-red; the

latter paler; central part of the breast and abdomen white ;

feathers of the tibia dusky, margined with whitish ; an elon-

gated patch on the outer web of all the scapulars, a {small

terminal spot on the first row of small coverts, and on the

secondary coverts, and a large patch at the end of the inner

web of the outer three tail feathers on each side white.

Female smaller, differing only in having the parts which

in the male are black, dull brownish black.

Length of the male 8% inches; wing, 3/¢ inches.

female 8 iy Nastia Val chan * (e*

Inhabits on Columbia river, abundant and migratory. See

Audubon’s Synopsis, page 123.

In the bird described by Mr. Swainson, the white mark on

the tail is much larger and runs across both webs, in the first,

second, and third pairs, and in some extending to the fourth

and fifth on the inner web. ‘The black on the breast termi-

nates in a crescent ; the head, neck and breast are not of a very

deep black, and nearly the whole of the outer web of the

scapulars is white, forming a conspicuous white band ; the

greater and less wing coverts are largely marked with white ;

rump ashey.

In the P. Oregonns, the bill and feet are rather stronger,

the bill less acute on the ridge, the black extends much far-

ther down the breast, and runs straight across, the color

being uniformly darker throughout, . with much less white on

the tail; the outer web of the first pair of tail-feathers blac\,

8 On Pipilo Oregonus.

under wing-coverts darker; the white marks on the wings

and scapulars much less conspicuous and of a different shape,

forming an oval spot; the feathers on the tibia are darker

and longer; the white on the tail is confined to the inner

webs of the three outer pairs.

Synopsis of the Cotrortrerovs Insects of the Group CLermx

which inhabit the United States. By Joun Li. Le Conte,

M. D.

Tue recent political events of the South of Europe have

caused severe interruptions to those close commercial relations

which lend their influence to the advancement of science, as

to every other adjunct of civilization. These events must form

my excuse for delaying to this late period the small essay on

Cleridz which has been long promised to my entomological

friends, and the apparition of which has occasionally terrified

them into parting with some highly-prized specimen of this

beautiful group. At least to this cause, no less than to per-

sonal favor, must I ascribe the kind liberality with which many

rare and even unique specimens have been quietly transferred

from the collections of Messrs. Schaum, Haldeman, Melshei-

mer, Ziegler, Wilcox, Guex, and other friends, to a final

resting-place within my boxes. For these, as well as the

numerous other favors received from the above named gentle-

men, I tender them my sincere thanks, as I feel confident

that, without the assistance rendered by their rich collections,

any effort on my part, for the elucidation of the American

Coleoptera, would fall far short of even a moderate degree of

completeness.

Having recently, however, succeeded, after more than two

years of repeated endeavor, in procuring a copy of the “ Essai

Monographique sur les Clerites,” by the Marquis Spinola, I

now venture to present a synopsis of such species of this

interesting family as have been found within the limits of our

Republic. Before proceeding to this task, I feel obliged again

10 Cleride@ of the United States.

to call attention to the extreme indisposition which prevails in

the South of Europe to notice any thing which emanates from

countries less favored by geographical proximity to the extinct

foci of civilizing action. The anciently intolerant spirit and

exclusive pretensions of the southern nations have not yielded

to the advancement of their former pupils; but gone are all

the attributes of greatness, of which these were the fitting

companions; the really superior position once held in science

and literature has been abandoned ; and even where industry

in acquiring and zeal in diffusing knowledge are combined in

some gifted individual, a secret spirit of economy,* which ill

contrasts with the luxuriance and liberality of social life in

those regions, bars the library doors to the intellectual produc-

tions of other nations.

The laborious students of the North sueceed occasionally

in awakening a slight degree of interest: but England is less

known than when her bivalve treasures were the subject of

greedy expectation in the palaces of Rome; while America, of

dubious existence, indeed, to the mass of the people, is con-

sidered by the few who are aware of her existence, too distant

and too uncivilized to have produced a single intellect capable

of advancing any department of knowledge!

These views have been still more impressed on my mind,

by perceiving the extreme brevity with which M. Spinola has

* It would be, to say the least, illiberal to accuse the cultivators of science in

Southern Europe of a want of industry and perseverance in their endeavors to pro-

cure American books. Commerce is always reciprocal, and it is quite as easy for

Frenchmen or Italians to procure books from this country as it is for Americans to

procure works printed in France or Italy. Considering the rapidity with which

unknown species (too likely, in most cases, to remain unknown) are named and

diagnosed, ‘ pour prendre date,” want of zeal is not to be numbered among their

faults. Itherefore prefer tracing the neglect mentioned in the text to national

characteristics, which will find their remedy only in the improvements which the

slow course of time may bring about.

Clerid@ of the United States. 11

passed over all allusion to foreign authors. Excepting a few

standard works of the ‘ fathers” of the science, and Dr. Klug’s

Monograph of the Cleridee, (which is briefly reviewed in the

second volume,) no books are cited, and the student is left in

entire ignorance that the subjects had ever been touched by

other observers. With a degree of charity to the faults of his

predecessors, which is more to be envied than imitated, seru-

pulous silence is preserved in all cases of ambiguity or error.

Although the object of the book (preface, p. viii) is said to be

“exclusivement la determination et la reconnaissance des

espéces,” so far from even containing a complete caialogue of

species, it passes by, without comment, all such as have not

fallen under the personal observation of the author. With

regard to the style of the work, I shall say but little. From

the small number of entomological students in this country, it

will meet the eyes of but few persons interested in either its

merits or its faults; European students are already familiar

with both. Such of the latter as have been alluded to, are

evidently not to be charged personally upon the author; they

are a necessary and generic character of all works emanat-

ing from that part of the world, and it is a little unfortunate

that their influence is not confined within narrower limits. It

is unfortunate to see many of the inhabitants of the ‘‘ centre

of civilization” imbibing the exclusive spirit of their Transal-

pine brethren. They should already have learned to feel that

France is not the world.

In the classification of the American species of this tribe,

I have followed partly Klug and partly Spinola. ‘The charae-

ters used by the latter, although divided with great care into

“ naturels,” “ provisoirement artificiels,” and ‘ purement arti-

ficiels,” scarcely lead to a natural grouping of the genera,

while many of these are extremely indistinct in their limits,

12 Cleride of the United States.

and undefined by any prominent trait. On the other hand,

the tendency of Dr. Klug’s arrangement is to merge together

some groups which, by their well characterized forms, no less

than by their habits of life, are to be considered distinct: for

this reason, I have preferred retaining Hydrocera separate

from Clerus. The form and position of the emargination of

the eyes seems also a character of too much importance to be

neglected, and I have, therefore, continued Cymatodera dis-

tinct from Tillus, and Phyllobeenus (Spin.) and Ichnea (Lap.)

separate from Enoplium.

On the affinities of this group I have nothing new to

add, having had no opportunity of studying the transforma-

tions. For this subject I refer the student to the interesting

essays of Klug and Spinola.

TILLUS Fabr.

1. collaris, ‘antennarum serra 7-articulata, articulis

plus (sic!) longioribus quam latioribus.” Long. 2 lin.

Spin. i., 98, tab. 2, fig 6.

Niger, prothorace disco rufo, utrinque constricto, medio

dilatato, elytris punctato-striatis, stria 11m2 pone medium

obliterata. (mihi ignotus.)

2. pectinicornis, “ antennis bipectinatis, ater, thorace

postice valde coarctato, capite humerisque rufis.” Long. 4 lin.

Klug, 270, tab. 2, fig. 2.

“Klytra confertim punctato-striata, punctis excavatis, sat

magnis, basi rufa.” (mihi ignotus.)

PERYLYPUS Spin.

1. carbonarius, “miger nitidus, paulo pubescens,

Cleride of the United States. 13

punctulatus, elytris opaciusculis, fortius punctatis.” Long. 3 lin.

California et Mexico.

Spin. i., 105, tab. 5, fig. 4. (mihi ignotus.)

COLYPHUS Spin.

1. signaticollis, “punctatus, pubescens, testaceus,

prothoracis dorso nigro trimaculato.” Long. 4 lin. California.

Spin. i., 134, tab. 5, fig. 5. (mihi ignotus.)

2. cinctipennis, “punctatus, pubescens, supra testa-

ceus, capite prothoraceque nigro maculatis, elytrorum disco

mgro.” Long. 4 lin. California.

Spin. i., 135, tab. 5, fig. 6. (mihi ignotus.) ’

3. rufipennis, “punctatus, pubescens, niger elytris

rufis.’” Long. 4 lin. California.

Spin. i., 136, tab. 9, fig. 2. (mihi ignotus.)

4.interceptus, “rufus, elytrorum limbo maculisque

duabus discoidalibus nigris.”” Long. 4 lin.

Spin. i., 137, tab. 9, fig. 8. (mihi ignotus.)

' ELASMOCERUS.

MONOPHYLLA || Spin*

MACROTELUS || Klug.

Oculis antice profunde emarginatis, fere divisis, palpis

maxillaribus brevibus, cylindricis, labialibus articulo ultimo

valde dilatato securiformi, ligula integra, tibiis extus non

sulcatis, tarsis elongatis, 5-articulatis unguibus bidentatis. No-

men mutavi, propter Macroteliam Hymenopterorum, Mono-

phyllum veromammalium, genera antea condita. (Vide Agass.

Nom. Zool.)

1. megatoma Spin. i., 385, tab. 28, fig. 5.

* |Inomen preoccupatum notat. 4 nomen erroneum. { nomen ineditum.

14 Cleride of the United States.

Species heecce, mihi ignota, a sequente thorace postice an-

gustato differre videtur. Antennarum articulus ultimus valde

elongatus a Spinola magni momenti habitus, sexus mera

differentia est.

2.terminatus, linearis, niger punctatus, cinereo-pubes-

cens, thorace elongato, cylindrico, rufo, macula magna nigra,

abdomine rufo. Long. 2—4 lin.

Monophylla terminata Spin. ii., 126, tab. 6, fig. 3.

Tillus (Macrotelus) terminatus Kl. 274.

Tillus terminatus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. i., 160.

¢ antennarum articulo ultimo reliquis conjunctis multo

longiore, his fere indistinctis.

? antennarum articulo illo reliquis parum longiore, arti-

culis 4 ante apicem dilatatis, triangularibus.

Habitat ubique minus frequens. DD. Engelman et

Wilcox.

CYMATODERA Gray.

Oculis antice parum emarginatis, palpis maxillaribus cy-

lindricis, labialibus articulo ultimo valde dilatato securiformi,

liguia integra, tibiis extus non sulcatis, tarsis elongatis, 5-

articulatis, unguibus bifidis.

1. tenera, linearis, brunneo-testacea, longius cinereo-pubes-

cens, thorace, utrinque leviter constricto, profundius pone medium,

sparsim punctato, elytris sertatim punctatis interstitris subtiliter

punctulatis, macula basal, alteraque ad medium flavis. Long.

4 lin.

Habitat ad urbem St. Louis. D. Engelman.

Statura P. bicoloris, mollior, brunneo-testacea, antennis

pedibus abdominisque basi pallidioribus. Caput punctatum.

Antenne corporis dimidio vix breviores, art. 3—7 eequalibus,

Cleride of the United States. 15

2°” sesqui breviore, ultimo precedente sesqui longiore. Tho-

rax latitudine plus duplo longior, antice vix constrictus,

postice modice constrictus, lateribus obsolete dilatatis, parce

punctatus, transversim rugulosus. Elytra thorace fere triplo

longiora, seriatim punctata, punctis minoribus, interstitiis

striis latioribus, subtiliter punctulatis, rugosisque, angulo

suturali integro: brunneo-testacea, macula basali alteraque

ad medium fere ad suturam extendente flavis.

2.inornata, linearis postice paulo latior, picea, nitida,

densius einereo pubescens, thorace utringue modice constricto,

transversim rugoso, parce punctato, elytris punctato-striatis,

punctis quadratis. Long. 6 lin.

Tillus (Cymatodera) inornatus Klug, 274.

Prioeera inornata Say, Bost. Journ. i., 161.

Habitat in Pensylvania. D. Ziegler.

3. brunnea, elongata, picea densius pubescens, capite

thoraceque confertissime punctatis, hoc antice leviter, pone

medium valde constricto, elytris nitidis, punctis magnis aequalibus

quadratis seriatis, abdomine rufescente. Long. 6 lin.

Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 11., 306.

Habitat in Pennsylvania (Mus. Melsheimer); in Ohio, a

D. Schaum amicissime data; antennis breviusculis, articulo

3° quam 4" paulo longiore, ultimo precedentes duos equante.

4. undulata, elongata, pubescens, picea, capite tho-

raceque confertim punctatis, hoc antice modice, postice angustato

valde constricto, basi medio impresso, subbinodoso, elytris punctis

quadratis seriatis ad apicem fere obsoletis, fasciis 3 dentatis,

antennis pedibus abdomineque flavis. Long. 5/2 lin.

Tillus undulatus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. v., 174. K1. 383.

Cymatodera longicollis Spin, i., 147, tab. 10, fig. 1.

Cymatodera Bosci Chevrolat. An. Ent. Fr. I. i., 31.

(varietas postpectore testaceo.)

16 Cleride of the United States.

Habitat in provinciis mediis.

5. bicolor, linearis nigra, pubescens, thorace utrin-

que profundius constricto, subtilius punctato, flavo, margine

utringue nigro, elytris punctis quadratis seriatis, interstitis

subrugulosis, antennarum art.1™ palpis femorumque basi flavis.

Long. 3?4—4¢ lin.

Tillus bicolor Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. v., 174. Klug, 383.

Habitat ubique minus frequens. Georgia, D. Lud. Leconte,

Pa. D. Ziegler, variat elytris fascia ad medium obsoleta testa-

cea. Marylandia D. Morris. .

6. longicornis, linearis, supra brunnea mtida pu-

bescens, thorace utrinque constricto, elytris punctis minoribus

seriatis postice obsoletis, a medio versus basin flavescentibus,

antennis elongatis articulis 2"° et 3° minutis. Long. 3 lin.

Ad urbem Sta Fe Nove Mejico collegit D. Fengler.

Linearis, subtus cum pedibus testacea, supra brunnea.

Caput fere leve oculis maximis. Antenne corpore vix bre-

viores, compresse, articulis equalibus, 2™° 3° que minutis

graniformibus, ultimo paulo longiore. Thorax latitudine plus

sesqui longior, ante medium medice constrictus, pone medium

angustior valde constrictus, lateribus ad medium dilatatis,

disco vix obsolete rugoso. Elytra thorace plus duplo latiora

parallela, humeris non rotundatis, minus grosse seriatim

punctata punctis versus apicem obsoletis, interstitiis im-

punctatis, angulo suturali integro, a medio versus basin plus

minusve testacea.

7. angustata, brunneo-testacea, thorace utrinque pro-

funde constricto, elytris postice dilatatis, punctis seriatis postice

obsoletis ; fasctis 2 obscurioribus. Long. 4 lin.

Spin. i., 149, tab. 7, fig. 1. California (mihi ignota.),

Cleridae of the United States. 17

PRIOCERA Kirby.

Oculis antice emarginatis, palpis maxillaribus cylindricis,

labialibus articulo ultimo dilatato, vix transverso, ligula

emarginata, tibiis extus apice sulcatis, tarsis brevibus, 5-arti-

culatis, unguibus simplicibus.

1. castanea, rufa nitida, longius parce pubescens,

thorace parce punctulato, in upsa basi constricto, elytris antice

seriatim punctatis, singulo maculis 2 pone medium flavis, fascraque

lata nigra, pedibus piceis. Long. 83—5 lin.

Opilus castaneus Newman, Ent. Mag. v., 380. Klug, 392.

Priocera rufescens Spin. i., 119, tab. 4, fig. 2.

- Priocera ? maculata Ziegler, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. ii., 268.

Habitat ,ubique rarissime, NovEboraci, Ohio, Alabama.

D. Haldeman. Variat macula altera minuta flava ad basin.

TARSOSTENUS Spin.

Oculis antice emarginatis, palpis omnibus elongatis,

triangularibus, tibiis extus apice sulcatis, tarsis posteriori bus

elongatis, angustis, sub-5-articulatis, unguibus simplicibus,

antennis articulis 3 ultimis majoribus.

1. albofasciatus, linearis cylindricus niger, parce

pubescens, thorace inequaliter punciato, medio subimpresso, ely-

tris confertum seriatim punctatis, punetis pone medium minoribus

confusis, fuscia albida mox pone medium signatis. Long. 24

lin.

Opilus albofaciatus Mels. Pr. Ac. ii., 306.

Habitat in Pensylvania, a Dom. Melsheimer benevole

datus.

TRICHODES Herbst. Fabr.

Oculis antice profunde emarginatis, palpis maxillaribus

18 Cleride of the United States.

subcylindricis, articulo ultimo longiore parum dilatato, labia-

libus valde dilatatis, ligula apice dilatata, subrotundata :

tarsis 4-articulatis, unguibus simplicibus: antennis apice

clavatis, clava 3-articulata conica, truncata.

1. ornatus, cyaneus, sparse pubescens, elytris subtiliter

punctulatis, macula annulart ad humerum ramum postice versus

suturam emmittente, fascia postice ad medium, alteraque antice

obliqua versus apicem flavis. Long. 3’¢—6 lin.

Say, J. Ac. iii. 189. Klug, 340. Spin. 1, 327, tab. 31,

fig. 5.

Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi et ad Sta Fe. D. Fengler.

Var. « ramo postico macule annularis interrupto. Oregon.

2, macula annulari quoque interrupta; fasciis posticis angus-

tis. Oregon, D. Wilcox.

2. Nutalli, elongatus, cyaneus, elytris sparsim minus

subtiliter punctatis, macula annulart ad humerum, margine late-

rali usque ad medium, fascia transversa ad medium alteraque

paulo obliqua versus apicem rubris. Long. 414 lin.

Kirby, Lin. Trans. xii., 395. Klug, 337. Spin. i., 217, tab.

31, fig. 2.

Habitat ubique minus frequens; presertim in Territorio

Missouriensi.

3. apivorus, purpureo-niger, densius pubescens, elytris

confertim cribrato-punctatis, rubris, fasciis duabus latis, apice-

que nigris. Long. 5’s—7 lin. Germ. Ins. Nov. 81. Klug,

332. Spin. 1., 307, tab. 30, fig. 4.

Trichodes trifasciatus Sturm Cat. ed. 1ma, 59.

Trichodes cribripennis 4 Dej. Cat.

Trichodes Nutalli { Say, Bost. Journ. i., 164.

Habitat in provinciis australibus.

Var.? fasciis ad suturam interruptis. T. interruptus

Thompson MSS.

Cleride of the United States. 19

Specimen unicum ad Saratoga NovEboraci lectum, a me

haud rite comparatum: descriptio tamen a D. Thompson

scripta, fasciis interruptis exceptis, cum T. trifasciato omnino

congruit.

CLERUS Geoff. Fabr.

THANASIMUS Latr.

Oculis antice emarginatis, palpis maxillaribus subcylin-

dicis, vel parum dilatatis, labialibus elongatis articulo ultimo

valde dilatato, ligula emarginata ; tarsorum articulo 1™° brevi,

nonnunquam obsoleto, antennis apice plus minusve incrassa-

tis.

Genus specierum locuples, secundum antennarum formam

in sectiones tres dividitur.

§1. Palpi maxillares subcompressi, labiales triangulares,

modice dilatati; antenne articulis 3 ultimis subabrupte ma-

joribus, unguibus simplicibus. THanerocLerus Spin.

1. sanguineus, fuscus pubescens, thorace strigose

punctato, medio subimpresso, elytris sanguinets, grossius disperse

punctatis, abdomine rufescente. Long. 2% lin.

Say, Bost. Journ. 1., 162. Klug, 310. Spin. i., 200, tab.

i, fig. 3.

Habitat in provinciis mediis minus frequens.

§2. Antenne articulis 3 ultimis subabrupte majoribus,

clavam conicam efformantibus ; ungues late dentati. CLERus

Spin.

ad. CONVEXL.

2. 4-signatus, rufus nitidus, breviter pubescens, thorace

punctulato, elytris confertim punctulatis, nigris fascis duabus

albidis, basi late rufis, pedibus antennisque nigris. Long. 5

lin.

Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.i., 162. Klug, 293.

20 ‘ Clerid@ of the United States.

‘Habitat ubique rarissime ; a D. Ziegler amice datus.

3. analis, rufus longius dense cinereo-villosus, thorace

punctulato, elytris confertissime punctulatis, nigris, fasciis dua-

bus albidis, basi rufis, postpectore pedibus abdomineque nigris,

ano sanguineo. Long, 3*¢ lin.

Specimen unicum ad Arkansas flumen ad montes inveni.

Precedente duplo minor, dense cinereo-pubescens. Caput

thoraxque rufa, dense subtilissime punctulata, hic convexius-

culus, lateribus rotundatus, antice profinde transversim im-

pressus. Elytra humeris prominulis, convexiuscula, confer-

tissime punctulata, nigra basi rufa, fascia angusta, ad latera

modice dilatata, postice leviter concava ad medium, alteraque

antice paulo obliqua versus apicem albidis. Pedes postpectus

abdomenque rufa, hoc segmentis 2 ultimis sanguineis ; anten-

nis rufis.

4.fichneumoneus, rufus pubescens, thorace convexo,

dense punctulato, elytris confertim punctatis, fascia ante medium,

dodranteque postica nigris apice late cinereo-pubescente, antennis

pedibusque nigris, postpectore fusco. Long. 5 lin.

Fabr. Syst. El. i., 280. Klug, 294.

Clerus rufus Oliv. Ins. 4, 76, 14, tab. 1, fig. 16. Spin.

1., 252, tab. 24, fig. 3.

Habitat ubique sat frequens.

5. rosmarus, elongatus, postice paulo latior, rufus

dense pubescens, abdomine tibiis antennarumque clava nigris,

elytris bast confertim punctatis, usque ad medium rufis, dein tes-

taceis, fascia parva intermedia alieraque latiore versus apicem

mgris. Long. 34 lin.

Say, J. Ac. ii, 190. Klug, 293.

Habitat in provinciis mediis minus frequens.

6. lunatus, rufus longius pubescens, thorace convexo,

Cleride of the United States. 21

vie punctulato, elytris confertim punctatis, fascia angusta albida

nigro-marginata postice concava, mox pone medium signatis ;

apice dense cinereo-pubescente, abdomine pedibus antennisque

nigris. Long.37s lin.

Sturm in Spin. i., 255, tab. 24, fig. 2.

Clerus bicolor Melsheimer Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. i1., 307.

Habitat in provinciis mediis et australibus minus frequens.

D. Zimmermann.

7. angustus, elongatus postice paulo latior, rufus pu

bescens, thorace punctulato, lateribus minus rotundato, elytris

usque ad medium confertim subseriatim punctatis, fascia lata ni-

gro marginata mox pone medium albida, antennis pedibusque

piceis bast rufis. Long. 2" lin.

Clerus oculatus |] Dej. Spin. i., 267, tab. 26, fig. 1.

Habitat in provinciis australibus. Propter C. oculatum

Sayi, (Bost. Jour. i., 163,) speciem hucusque dubiam, sed non

leviter repudiandam, nomen Dejeanianum delendum. Statura

fere C. rosmari, duplo minor.

8. crabronarius, “niger, elytris velutinis, medium

prope flavo unimaculatis, apice sericeo albidis, mgroque macu-

latis.” Long. 7 lin.

Spin. i., 247, tab. 23, fig. 1. Mihi ignotus.

9. mexicanus, niger, pubescens, thorace convexo punc-

tato, elytris punctatis, subtilius ad apicem, fascia interrupta ad

medium albida, apice late cinereo-pubescente. Long. 374 lin.

Spin. i., 248, tab. 22, fig. 2, et tab. 27, fig. 2. (icones

male tincte, spatio elytrorum apicali albido depicto, dum in

exemplis pars illa pube solum dense cinerea vestita est.

Habitat in Nova Mejico, Sta Fe. D. Fengler.

10. cordifer, niger dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace late-

ribus rotundato, confertissime punctulato, elytris margine rubro ad

22 Cleride of the United States.

medium subito late dilatato, fere ad suturam extendente, antice

posticeque nigerrimo cincto. Long. 4%4 lin.

Var. «. Colore rubro basim elytrorum totam occupante,

macula solum parva nigerrima ante medium, alteraque suba-

picali magna cordata, antice nigerrima relictis.

Habitat in Artemisie tridentate folia Territorio Missou-

riensi.

Statura fere sequentis, niger dense cinereo pubescens,

pilisque sparsis erectis nigris obsitus. Caput thoraxque con-

fertim subtiliter punctata, hic convexus, lateribus rotundatus,

transversim profundius impressus Elytra thorace non latiora,

subparallela convexa, confertim sat grosse punctata, nigra

densissime pubescentia, margine laterali angusto rubro ad

medium subito dilatato, fasciam a sutura nigra interruptam,

que tertiam partem elytrorum occupat, formante, minus

dense pubescente margine utrinque nigerrimo.

11. sphegeus, subelongatus, nigroeneus nitidus lon-

gius pubescens, fronte cinerea, elytris rugose punctulatis fascia

ad medium densissime cinereo pubescente, apiceque cinerascente,

abdomine sanguineo. Long. 43% lin.

Fabr. Syst. El. i., 280. Kl. 298. Spin. i.,°270, tab.° 27,

fig. 4.

Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi et Oregonensi.

12. arachnodes, ‘@neus pubescens nitore metallico

splendens, elytris cinereo fasciatis apice cinerascente abdomine

pedibusque rufis.” Long. 3% lin.

Klug, 298. Spin. ii., 187, tab. 3, fig. 2.

Preecedenti similis at minor et latior. Mihi ignotus.

13. viduus, “supra a@neus, subtus rufus, elytris nigro-

bimaculatis.” Long. 4 lin.

Klug, 298. Spin. tab. 27, fig. 3.

Cleride of the United States. 23

Clerus erythrogaster Spin. i., 272. Mihi ignotus.

14. truncatus, niger pubescens, fronte cinerea, elytris

macula apicali usque ad trientem secundum dense cinereo-vestita,

antice ad suturam late prolongata recteque truncata, abdomine

rufo. Long. 41 lin.

Habitat ad Sta. Fe Novee Mejico. D. Fengler collegit.

Statura C. sphegeo paulo latior, niger dense pubescens.

Caput pube longa cinerea obtectum. Thorax lateribus rotun-

datis antice profundius impressus, subtilissime punctulatus,

Elytra humeris prominulis rugose punctulata, macula magna

apicali antice late prolongata, mox pone medium recte trun-

cata, densius cinereo-pubescente. Subtus niger abdomine

sanguineo.

b. DEPRESSI.

15. thoracicus, subdepressus, elongatus, nigro-viola-

ceus, pubescens, thorace parce punctulato rufo, medio nigro,

elytris confertim subseriatim punctatts. Long. 2}s—3' lin.

Oliv. Ent. iv., 76, 18, tab. 2, fig. 22. Kl. 306. Spin,

i., 274, tab. 27, fig. 3. :

Thanasimus monilis, Mels. Pr. Ac. ii., 307.

Habitat ubique in quercus folia minus frequens. Variat

pedibus antennisque plus minusve flavis.

16. nigrifrons, subdepressus, niger nitidus, parum

pubescens, capite thoraceque rufis, hoc subtiliter punctulato,

lateribus parum rotundato, elytris punctulatis fascia ad medium

alteraque ante apicem albidis, apice viz cinerea, basi rufescenti-

bus. Long. 2%¢ lin. *

Say, Journ. Ac. ii., 190. K1. 385.

Sequenti longior, minor, minus punctatus, nitidior, abdo-

mineque nigro distinctus. Habitat NovHboraci minus

frequens.

24 Cleride of the United States.

Variat fronte, thoracisque disco utrinque infuscatis ;

capite quoque thoraceque nonnunquam totis nigris.

17. nigripes, subdepressus rufus, pubescens, capite tho-

raceque confertim punctulatis, allo linea frontal sublevi, hoc

lateribus rotundato, elytris confertim punctatis nigris fascia ad

medium alteraque ante apicem albidis, apice cinerascente, bast

rufis, antennis postpectore pedibusque nigris. Long. 2}¢—3s% lin.

Say, Journ. Ac. iii., 191. Klug, 293. Spin. i., 263, tab.

25, fig. 3. :

Clerus dubius ¢ Spin. i., 264, tab. 25, fig. 4. (Var.

fronte nigro.)

Variat capite thoraceque nigris, elytrorum basi vix rufa.=

C. rufiventris 4 Dej: Spin. tab. 28, fig. 3.

Habitat in provinciis mediis et borealibus frequens.

§ 3. Depressi, thorace antice subito parum constricto, pro-

fundius impresso, antennis apicem versus vix incrassatis,

articulis discretis ; palpis unguibusque sicut in § 2.=THana-

simus Spin.

18. trifaciatus, rufus pubescens, elytris basi varioloso

punctatis, fascia cinereo-marginata, lata dentata ad medium

apiceque nigris, fuscia intermedia lata dentata cinerea, antennis

pedibusque nigris. Long. 444—6 lin.

Say, Journ. Ac. v. 175. Klug, 298.

Habitat in Vermont, minus frequens. D.Adams benevole

dedit.

19. dubBius, rufus pubescens, thorace linea longitu-

dinali tmpresso, dense punctulato, elytris confertissime subti-

liter punctulatis, nigris fasctiis 2 cinereo-albidis dentatis,

antica angusta, versus basin rufis, seriatim punctatis. Long.

4 lin.

—">

Cleride of the United States. 20

Fabr. Syst. El.i., 280. Klug, 292.

Thanasimus ruficeps Spin. i., 189, tab. 14, fig. 2.

Habitat ubique sat frequens.

20. undatulus, rufus, pubescens, capite obscuro,

thorace minus dense punctato, linea longitudinali im-

presso, elytris confertissime punctulatis, nigris fasctis 2

cinereis postica vix dentata, paulo latiore, versus basin

anguste rufis, fortius seriatim punctatis, postpectore nigro.

Long. 3’¢ lin.

Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1., 163. Klug, 385.

Specimen unicum ad Lacum Superiorem inveni.

Preecedenti forma simillimus, sed thorace minus subtiliter

parcius punctato, fascia elytrorum postica minus dilatata,

postpectoreque nigro differt.

21. nubilus, elongatus, minus depressus, niger,

thorace minus dense punctato, elytris confertissime punctula-

tis, fasctis 2 cinerets undatis, postica latiore, versus basin

fortius seriatim punctatis, abdomine pedibusque rufis. Long.

3’a—4%s lin.

Thanasimus abdominalis || Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 244,

tab. 2, fig. 5.

Clerus nubilus Klug, 386.

Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem sat frequens.

Species dubie, an hujus patrie.

22. sexguttatus, “niger fronte cinerascente, elytris

maculis tribus albis.”’

Fabr. Ent. Syst. 283. Syst. El.i., 280. Klug, 385.

23. quadriguttatus, “niger, capite thoraceque

rufis, elytris maculis 4 albis.”

Oliv. Ent. iv,, 76, 18, tab. 2, fig. 23. Klug, 386.

24. eximius Mannerheim. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mos-

cou. 1843, p. 248. California ?

26 Cleride of the United States.

HYDNOCERA Newman.

PHYLLOB ZNUS 4 Dej.

CLERUS p. Klug.

Oculis prominulis, integerrimis, palpis labialibus elonga-

tis, valde dilatatis, ligula emarginata, palpis maxillaribus apice

acutis, antennis fere filiformibus, articulo ultimo majore glo-

boso, tarsis 4-articulatis, unguibus basi late dentatis. Agiles,

vitam degunt in folia.

1. tricondyle, elongata, olivaceo-enea thorace pos-

tice subangustato, antice constricto, lateribus modice dilatato,

elytris punctatis, abdomine non brevioribus, pedibus testacets.

Long. 2 lin.

Habitat versus Mississippi scaturigines in pratis.

Statura elongata, Tricondyle similis, olivaceo-eenea, nitida

parce pubescens. Caput fere leve, antennis piceis. Thorax

capite angustior, latitudine paulo longior, antice modice con-

strictus, lateribus medio dilatatis, rotundatisque dein recte

parum retractis, subtilissime parce rugosus. Elytra thorace

non latiora, antice subangustata, convexiuscula, apice singu-

latim rotundata, minus dense grossius punctata. Pedes pal-

pique testacei.

2. subenea, obscure enea pilis erectis cinereis obsita,

thorace breviusculo postice fere recte valde angustato, antice

subito valde constricto, lateribus valde dilatatis, disco utrinque

ad medium transversim leviter tmpresso, elytris sat dense

punctatis, pilis in medio et ad apicem longiorbus. Long, 2—

2% lin.

Hydnocera steniformis ¢ Spin. ii., 144, tab. 40, fig. 2.

Hydnocera subzenea Spin. i, 51.

Habitat in provinciis mediis et borealibus; unguibus uni-

dentatis a Clero steniformi Klugii differt, qui in descriptione sua

ungues simplices memorat, (I. c. 312.)

Cleride of the United States. 27

3. unifasciata, elongata, nigro-cyaned, pilis cine-

reis obsita, thorace breviusculo, postice subsinuatim valde

angustato, antice subito valde constricto, lateribus valde sub-

acute dilatatis, rugoso, elytris grosse confertim punctatis,

fascia media angusta argenteo-pilosa, antennis tarsisque

' testaceis. Long. 2 lin.

Clerus unifasciatus Say, Journ. Ac. v.,176. Klug, 390.

Hydnocera punctata Spin. ii., 54, tab. 40, fig. 4.

Specimen unicum in Ohio lectum benevole dedit Dom.

Schaum.

4. humeralis, purpureo-nigra, longius pubescens,

thorace breviusculo, postice sinuatim angustato, antice subito

valde constricto, lateribus fere acute tuberculatis, rugoso,

parceque punctato, medio levi, elytris confertim punctatis

humeris late, antennisque rufis, pedibus vel rufis vel nigris.

Long. 2—2?¢ lin.

Newman, Charlesworth’s Mag. iv., 362. Spin. ii., 44, tab.

39, fig. 2.

Clerus humeralis Germ. Ins. Nov. i. 80. Say, Journ. Ac.

i., 192. Klug, 312.

Variat, 1. apice elytrorum rufescente.

2. elytris immaculatis.

# pedibus nigris.

£ pedibus rufis.=H. rufipes Nm. |. c. 363.

Habitat ubique in sylvas quercinas.

5. difficilis, nigro-cyanea minus pubescens, thorace

breviusculo, postice sinuatim angustato, antice subito valde

constricto, lateribus rotundatim tuberculatis rugose punctato,

medio levi, elytris grossius punctatis. Long. 272 lin.

Habitat ad Lacum Superiorem.

Preecedenti simillima, sed nitidior, et thoracis tuberculo

magis rotundato, elytris minus confertim punctatis distincta

28 Cleride of the United States.

videtur. Nigro-cyanea, nitida, minus pubescens. Caput

thoraxque nigrozenea, rugose punctata, hic latitudine paulo

brevior, antice subito valde constrictus, impressione autem

mediocri, lateribus sinuatis, in medio rotundatim dilatatis,

disci medio subleyi. Elytra parallela, humeris prominulis,

sat dense grossius punctata apice singulatim rotundata, ser-

rataque ; pedes nigri antennarum basi tarsisque testaceis.

6. cyanescens, nigro-cyanea, pubescens, thorace bre-

viusculo, subtiliter rugoso, antice subito valde constricto,

profundeque impresso, lateribus sinuatis medio rotundatim

dilatatis, ad medium leviter transversim impresso, elytris con-

fertim grossius punctatis, antennis pedibusque anticis testacets.

Long. 272 lin.

Habitat in Marylandia, ad montes.

Preecedentibus duabus similis, thorace vero, antice non

solum constricto, sed valde impresso, distincta. Caput tho-

raxque subtiliter densius punctato-rugosa.

7. pubescens, cyanescens, breviter dense pubescens,

thorace breviusculo, antice subito constricto, impressoque, late-

ribus modice sinuatis, medio rotundatim dilatatts, elytris con-

fertissime punctulatis, antennis pedibusque testacets, posticis

nigris, basi testacets. Long. 142—2 lin.

Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi.

Statura preecedentium trium; pube dense breviore, elytris

confertissime punctuiatis valde distincta. Thorax sicut in

priore sed lateribus pone medium paulo minus sinuatis.

8. pallipennis, elongata, mgro-enea, pubescens, tho-

race latitudine fere longiore, antice constricto, impressoque,

lateribus sinuatis medio rotundatim dilatatis, elytris sat dense

grossius punctatis, pallidis, margine, apice, sutura fasciaque

media ngris, antennis pedibusque pallidis. Long. 2 lin.

Clerus pallipennis Say, Journ. Ac. v., 176. Klug, 390.

Cleride of the United States. 29

Hydnocera serrata Nm. Char. Mag. iv., 363. Klug, 390.

Spin. u., 47, tab. 39, fig. 4.

Habitat ubique minus frequens.

9. verticalis, mgricans, capite testaceo linea frontal

nigra, thorace latitudine fere longiore antice constricto, pro-

fundeque impresso, lateribus parum sinuatis medio rotundatim

modice dilatatis, elytris postice subangustatis, basi testacets, gros-

sius punctatis, antennis pedibusque pallidis. : Long. 1}z—2 lin.

Trichodes verticalis Say, Bost. Journ. i., 164.

Clerus verticalis Kl. 589.

Hydnocera limbata Spin. ii., 49, tab. 39, fig. 6.

Habitat in provinciis australibus et occidentalibus.

10. curtipennis, elongata, nigra, pilosa, capite flavo,

macula occipitali nigra, thorace longiusculo, antice paulo con-

stricto, medio parum rotundatim dilatato, flavo-bivittato, elytris

postice angustatts abbreviatis, grosse punctatis, flavis, apice

nigris, antennis pedibusque flavis. Long. 1% lin.

Nm. Charlesw. Mag. iv., 364. Klug, 390.

Clerus brachypterus Klug, 313.

Hydnocera lineaticollis Spin. ii., 51, tab. 40, fig. 1.

Habitat in provinciis australibus.

11. suturalis, “pubescens nigra, thoracts margine, ma-

culaque utrinque rufis, pedibus coleopterisque punctatis pallidis,

his litura suturali communi nigra.” Long. 2 lin.

Klug, 313. Preecedenti certe affinis, mihi ignota.

12. aegra, “gracilis elongata, rugose punctata, testacea,

oculis tantum nigris, thorace latitudine fere duplo longiore.”

Long. ‘18, une.

Nm. Charlesw. Mag. iv., 364. Mihi ignota.

13. tabida, elongata pilosa, nigro-cyanea, antennis ore

pedibusque flavis, thorace cylindrico, clongato, antice paulo con-

stricto impressoque, lateribus parum dilatatis, subtiliter strigoso,

30 Cleride of the United States.

elytris paulo abbreviatis, sat dense punctatis. Long. 24—

3 lin. B94

Habitat in provinciis australibus et occidentalibus.

Linearis, parcius griseo-pilosa, nigro-cyanea. Caput im-

punctatum ore antennisque pallidis. Thorax latitudine duplo

longior, cylindricus antice paulo constrictus, lateribus pone

stricturam parum dilatatis, subtiliter strigosus, parceque punc-

tatus. Elytra apice singulatim rotundata, abdomine parum

breviora, sat dense minus subtiliter punctata. Pedes valde

elongati, flavi, geniculis tarsisque nonnunquam infuscatis.

14. longicollis, elongata nigro-cyanea, pilosa, antennis

flavis, thorace latitudine sesqua longiore, cylindrico, antice trans-

versim impresso, viz constricto, obsolete parce punctato, elytris

sat dense punctatis apice angustatis, abdomine sesqui breviorrbus,

pedibus elongatis flavis. Long. 1%4 lin.

Ziegler, Pr. Ac. Nat. Se. ii, 44.

Habitat in provinciis australibus et in Pensylvania; a

Dom. Zimmermann amice data.

Variat elytris basi testaceis.

PHYLLOBAINUS Spin.

Oculis intus parum emarginatis, palpis filiformibus, anten-

nis articulis 3 ultimis compressis,dilatatis, subtriangularibus,

tarsis 4-articulatis, unguibus basi dentatis.

1. dislocatus, niger, elongatus, pube erecta vestitus,

thorace confertissime punctato, lateribus viz rotundato, elytris seria-

tim cribrato-punctatis, fasia subbasali curvata, altera undulata

pone medium punctoque apicali flavis. Long. 14z—2 lin.

Enoplium dislocatum Say, Journ. Ac. v., 176. Klug, 394.

Phyllobzenus transversalis Spin. ii, 4, tab. 40, fig. 6.

Enoplinm (Epiphleeus) distrophum Klug, 374.

Opilus? distrophus Mels. Pr. Ac. ii.. 306.

Cleride of the United States. 31

Variat 1, fascia antica extus abbreviata.’

2, fascia antica punctoque apicali obsoletis.

Habitat ubique minus frequens.

ICHNEA Laporte.

Oculis intus profunde emarginatis, palpis cylindricis, anten-

nis articulis 3 ultimis longissimis, dilatatis, articulis ante

illos indistinctis, tarsis angustis, articulo 4te indistineto, un-

guibus late dentatis. Victus in folia.

1. laticornis, linearis, nigra, capite fulvo vittato,

thorace fulvo marginato, punctulato, antice subconstricto, lateribus

sinuatis, postice utrinque oblique excavato, elytris confertim seri-

atim grosse punctatis, punctis apice confusis. Long 2° lin.

Enoplium laticorne Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. i. 164.

Klug, 394.

Habitat in provinciis mediis minus frequens.

ENOPLIUM Latr.

Ocutis antice emarginatis, tarsis 5-articulatis, articulo,

4'° minuto vix conspicuo, unguibus plus minusve dentatis,

antennis articulis 3 ultimis dilatatis, compressis, triangulari-

bus.

§1. Antenne 10-articulate, palpi securiformes. Ewop-

LIuM Spin.

1. quadripunctatum, nigrum, purctatum, elytris

postice dilatatis, coccineis punctis 4 nigris, unguibus acute den-

tatis. Long. 3 lin.

Say, Journ. Ac. iii., 188. Am. Ent. iii., 41. Klug, 367.

Spin. i., 346, tab. 34, fig. 5.

32 Cleride of the United States.

Variat elytris immaculatis. Habitat in provinciis mediis

et occidentalibus, a Dom. Melsheimer benevole datum.

§2. Antenne 11-articulate, palpi securiformes, ungues

vix dentati. Prtonium Spin. Div. 2, «, a. Klug.

2. pilosum, migrum, confertissime punctulatum dense

pubescens, thorace roseo, vittis 2 latis nigris, versus basin obli-

que subsubito angustato, clytris antice subangustatis, punctis ad

basin majoribus. Long. 346 lin.

Say, Am. Ent. ii., 41. Klug, 360. Spin. i., 356, tab. 34,

fig. 5.

Lampyris pilosa Forster, Ins. Nov. p. 49.

Variat, elytris sutura margineque flavis.

Enoplium marginatum Say, Journ. Ac. iii., 187.

Enoplium onustum Say, Am. En. ii., 41.

Enoplium cinctum | Dej. Cat.

Habitat ubique ; varietas minus frequens cccurrit.

3. vetustum, elongatum, piceum capite thoraceque

eonfertim punctatis brunneo-pilosis, hoe maequali, longiusculo

medio dilatato, elytris parcius punctatis, punctisque ocellatis

grossis parce cribratis, albidis, basi apiceque late brunnets nigro

vartegatis, pedibus flavo annulatis. Long. 6 lin.

Spin. i., 360, tab. 35, fig. 4.

Enoplium venustum Hald. Pr. Ac. Nat. Se. ui., 126.

Priocera albomacula Ziegler, Pr. Ac. ii., 268.

Habitat in provinciis mediis et australibus rarissime, spe-

cimen unicum a Dom. Ziegler benevole datum.

4. oculatum, elongatum, nigrum, thorace grossius

punctato, pone medium dilatato, lateribus subangulato, jlavo,

nigro bimaculato, elytris sutura margineque flavis, grossius seria-

tim punctatis, punctis versus apicem obsoletis, antennis basi

pedibusque flavis, his geniculis fuscis. Long. 8 lin.

Cleride of the United States. 33

Pelonium marginipenne Spin. i., 363, tab. 35, fig. 6.

Clerus oculatus Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. i., 163.

Klug, 387.

Habitat ubique rarissime.

§3. Palpi cylindrici, antenne 11-articulate, ungues den-

tati; prothoracis sutura lateralis distincta. OrrnopLeuRa Sp.

5. damicorne, cylindricum, nigrum, confertim punc-

tatum, pilosum, thorace rufo, lateribus subsinuatis, angulis

posticis obtusis, elytris usque ad medium minus subtiliter puncta-

tis. Long. 3—41g lin,

Say, Bost. Journ. i, 165. Klug, 358. Spin, ii., 80, tab.

42, fig. 4.

Tillus damicornis Fabr. Syst. El. i., 282.

Enoplium thoracicum, Say, Journ. Ac. i1., 188. Am.

Ent. iii., 41.

Variat thorace margine infuscato. Habitat in provinciis

mediis in lignariis.

6. punctatissimum, mgrum vel fusco brunneum,

confertum punctatum, pilosum, thorace rufo, lateribus fere rectis,

postice cum angulis rotundatis, his obsoletis, elytris usque ad

medium minus subtiliter punctatis, fascia transversa pallida iluc

notatis. Long. 474 lin.

Chevrolat, An. Ent. France, ser. 2 i., 34.

Enoplium bimaculatum Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Se. ii., 307.

Habitat in Pensylvania, Mus. Melsheimer.

CORYNETES Fabr.

Oculis integris, palpis vel cylindricis vel parum dilatatis,

antennis apice clavatis, clava compressa, 3-articulata, tarsis

articulo 4° minimo inconspicuo, unguibus basi dentatis.

34 Clerid@ of the United States.

1. rufipes, cyaneus, capite thoraceque punctatis nigro-

pilosis, elytris punctulatis, basi punctato-striatis, antennis bast

pedibusque rufis. Long. 2'%—3 lin.

De Geer, Mem. v., 165, Tab. 15, fig. 4. Fabr. Syst. El.

i, 186. Klug, 350.

Necrobia rufipes. Oliv. Ent. iv., 16, tab. 1, fig. 2. Spin,

il., 101, tab. 43, fig. 6.

Habitat ubique orbis terrarum. In Europa autochthon.

2. ruficollis, rufus pilosus punctatus, elytris punctu-

latis, punctato-striatis, cyaneis basi rufis, ore antennis abdomin-

eque nigris. Long. 214 lin.

Fabr. Syst. El. i., 286. Klug, 350.

Necrobia ruficollis Latr. Hist. Crust. et Ins. ix., 156.

Spin, ii., 103, tab. 43, fig. 6.

Habitat ubique orbis terrarum. In Europa autochthon.

3. marginellus, “ Affinis C. discolor Klug. Ruber,

elytris nigro ceruleis. Caput rubrum, thorax ruber punctulatus,

Scutellum rubrum. Elytra nigro cerulea, ad marginem humer-

alem rubro fimbriata. Pedes rubri, nigro-geniculatt. Long. 5,

lat. 2 millim. California an Mexicum ?”

Chevrolat, An. Ent. France; ser. 2" i., 42.

Mihi ignotus ; descriptio pessima.

4. violaceus, migro cyaneus, ptlosus, capite thoraceque

confertim punctatis, elytris punctulatis, punctato-striatis, antennis

pedibusque nigris. Wong. 2—2 4 lin.

Fabr. Klug, 349.

Dermestes violaceus Lin. Syst. Nat.

Necrobia violacea. Oliv, Latr. Hist. Crust et Ins. ix.,156.

Spin, ii., 105, tab. 44, fig. 1.

Cleride of the United States. 30

OPETIOPALPUS Spin.

1. luridus “prothorace plus latiore qam longiore, scuti

prothoracts latertbus integris, tarsorum unguiculis stmplict-

bus.” Long. 1 lin.

Spin, ii., 113, tab. 45, fig. 5.

Mihi ignotus, obscure testaceus, albido pubescens, punc-.

tatus, clava antennarum fusca.

Genus Paratenetus (Spin, ii., 116) in hoc tribu inscriptum,

coxis anticis parvis globosis, vix prominulis, prosterno pone

coxas producto, corneo, clypeoque submarginato, valde discre-

bat. Beatus Erichson (Agass. Nom. Zool.) id cum Tenebrioni-

dis, adjunxit; quo loco melius retineri possit nam tarsi a

D. Spinola 4-articulati descripti, accuratius observati hetero-

meri videntur. De moribus nihil certum scio.

Mimus melanopterus. By Groree N. Lawrence. Read

16th April, 1849. Plate 2.

BLACK-WINGED MOCKING BIRD.

Spec. character, light ash; beneath white; wings black ;

the two centre tail feathers black tipped with white; all the

others largely marked with white.

Bill black, strong and much curved, upper mandible

toothed near the point, legs and feet black; upper parts of a

light ash grey, lighter on the rump and head; front hoary, a:

line of white runs from the bill over and beyond the eyes; a

black line extends from the corner of the eyes to the bill ; ear

coverts dusky.

Primary quills and their coverts black, the base of the

primaries margined with white, which is concealed by the

coverts; a partial edging of white on three or four of the

primaries which forms a narrow oblique mark when the

wings are closed; the smaller wing coverts. light ash, the.

36 Mimus melanopterus,

greater coverts, the secondaries and their coverts, brownish ash,

tipped and bordered with white. ‘ail graduated, with the

two central feathers black, tipped with white ; the others black

at the base for about half their length, terminating in pure

white, the outer feathers being the most largely marked with it.

Under parts white, a little inclining to grey on the breast ;

a few long dusky spots on the thighs and on the sides under

the wings. The male and female differ but little in plumage.

Length 10 1-2 inches, wing from flexure 5 inches, bill along

the ridge 7-8 in., from gap 1 1-8 in., tail 5 in., tarsus 1 1-4

in., middle toe and nail 1 1-8 in.

I have examined three specimens, all of which agreed in

plumage. ‘They were procured by Mr. Wm. Galbraith during

the winter of 1845, in Venezuela, where he went for the purpose

of making collections in Ornithology.

They were at that time in pairs and kept mostly in low

bushes: their song consists of a succession of rather short

interrupted notes. He supposed them to be our common

mocking-bird (M. polyglottus) which they somewhat resemble,

and of which he brought no specimens.

I feel well assured that the two species have been hitherto

confounded, as different writers mention M. polyglottus as

being found in South America. Mr. Nuttall has the following

note to his description of that species.

‘Mr. Litchfield informs me that the song of the mocking-

bird is commonly heard in Venezuela, where of course it breeds

and permanently resides.”

The one now described is probably the bird alluded to in

the above note; it may readily be distinguished from M.

polyglottus, by the greater prevalence of white in the tail and

the absence of the white band on the primaries; also by its

stouter pure black bill and more rounded tail; it is likewise

a larger and much handsomer bird, the colors being more

pure, especially the white of the lower parts.

On the occurrence of the Caspian Tern (Sylochelidon Caspius)

in North America—By Gro. N. Lawrence. Read May

6th, 1850.

The similarity in color which prevails in this class of birds

in all their changes of plumage, is a source of much difficulty

in determining such as approach each other in size ; it now

appears that two distinct species found in the United States,

have been recognized as the “Sterna Cayana” of Latham,

whereas the existence of that species among our birds is now

doubted.

Mr. Gambel, of Philadelphia, has described one of these,

(in the Proceedings of the Acad. of Sciences of Dec., 1848,)

under the name of “ Sterna Regia,” and remarks, ‘ This no-

ble species, so abundant on our southern coast, has for a long

time been considered the Sterna Cayana of Latham.”

The other is the subject of this communication. I have

possessed specimens of these Terns for several years; both

kinds were killed on the coast of Long Island. Others as

well as myself heretofore considered them to be Cayenne

Terns.

After reading Mr. Gambel’s account of his 8. regia, I ex-

amined my specimens more critically, and found the smaller

of the two corresponded with his description ; the other was

much larger, exceeding it in length over two inches, although

the tail measured one and a half inches less.

I took notes of its dimensions, &c., but deferred publish-

ing an account of it, till I could investigate it more fully by

a comparison with the Terns in the Philadelphia Academy.

Recently my attention was called to a fine specimen, re-

ceived from the coast of New-Jersey by Mr. Nicolas Pike, of

Brooklyn, which he considered identical with the Caspian Tern

of Europe, as it corresponded with the description of that spe-

cies in “ Yarrell’s British Birds.”

Since then J have had an opportunity of seeing a specimen

388 Occurrence of the Caspian Tern in North America.

of the 8. Caspius, from Europe, in the collection of the Phila.

Academy, and on comparing the two, was satisfied of their

identity.

This is an interesting addition to our ornithology, being

the largest of the genus found in Europe as well as in the

United States.

The geographical distribution of this species is very ex-

tended. It was first found by Pallas near the Caspian Sea,

from which it receives its name; since in different parts of

Europe; also at the Cape of Good Hope ; and now in North

America.

Adult male—Bill very stout, carmine red, paler at the

point ; forehead, toy and sides of the head, and the nape of the

neck greenish black, which color extends below the eye; @

narrow white line runs under the eye for nearly its entire

length ; back and wings light bluish ash; the six outer pri-

maries dark slate gray on their inner webs; the outer web of

the first quill feather is white beneath for most of its length,

those of the others greyish white ; shafts strong and white:

upper tail coverts and tail, greyish white and but little forked ;

neck all round and the whole of the under plumage pure

white ; legs and feet black. In winter, the head becomes

mostly white, which is the only change from the summer plu-

mage.

The white line under the eye, and the green reflection om

the head, are not noticed in any of the English works I have

seen, although they exist in the European specimens examined.

Total length 21; inches; alar extent 51 in.; wing from

flexure 16; in. ; bill from base 23 in. ; from corner of the mouth

4in.; depth at base s in.; from prominent angle on lower

mandible to point 14 in.; tarsus 13 in.; middle toe and claw

i in. ; tail 6 inches.

The above description is taken from Mr. Pike’s specimen,

which is in remarkably fine plumage.

Description of a new species of Tyrannus. By Gerorce N.

Lawrence. Read June 3d, 1850.

Tyrannus Cassini.

Cassin’s Tyrant Frycarcuer. Plate III. fig. 2.

Specific character—Head and breast bluish ash; crown

orange red; abdomen yellow; tail feathers with very broad

webs.

Adult male—Bill black, base of the lower mandible dark

horn color; head and neck bluish ash; a bright orange red

spot on the top of the head, back ash grey, tinged with yel-

lowish green: wings umber brown, the secondaries lightly

margined with yellowish green ; wing coverts and tertials of a

lighter brown and edged with dull white; bend of the wing

and under wing coverts yellow; upper tail coverts and tail

brownish black, the tips of all the tail feathers and the outer

webs of the exterior ones light cinereous brown ; throat white,

fore part of neck pale bluish ash, breast and sides of the

same color intermixed with greenish yellow; abdomen bright

yellow ; lower tail coverts pale yellow; legs and feet brown.

The five outer primaries abruptly attenuated, the first shorter

than the sixth; the second, third, fourth and fifth nearly

equal; tail even.

Length about 9 inches; bill from base { in.; wing from

flexure 5, in.; tail 4) in.; tarsus j in.

The specimen herein described was obtained in Texas:

the only other example that I have seen is in the Museum of

the Acad. of Nat. Sci., Phila.; it was in the Rivoli collection,

purchased at Paris by Dr. T. B. Wilson, and came erroneously

labelled “ Tyrannus verticalis.”

Of tue particular habits of this species I can give no in-

formation.

40 Description of New Species of Helinat.

This species is closely allied to the Arkansas Flycatcher,

(T. verticalis,) and resembles it both in size and the general

distribution of colors, but is of a darker color on the head and

breast, and has a much larger and stronger bill. The T. ver-

ticalis also differs in having the tail somewhat forked, and the

outer webs of the lateral feathers yellowish white.

I have named it in honor of Mr. John Cassin, of Philadel-

phia, whose devotion to the science of Ornithology is well

known,

Description of a new species of Heninar. By J. P. Giranp,

Jr. Read Oct. 8th, 1850.

Heuinal Brevirennis. |

SHort-wincep Swamp Warsier. Plate

Sreciric Cuaracter. Wings comparatively short, much

rounded.

Head and hind-neck blue; wings and tail brown, their

outer webs, back and wing-coverts bright ohive. Sides of the

head, neck and all the lower parts yellowish brown, lighter on

the abdomen.

Length of wing from flexure 2 in.; of the tail, which is:

deeply emarginate, 1) in.; tarsi: in.; bill from the base § in.

Total length, from point of the bill to the end of the tail, -

As in.

Inhabits Mexico and Texas. 3

Descriptions of new species of Partuta and AcHATINELLA.

By C. B. Apams, Professor of Zoology, &c., in Amherst

College. Read before the New-York Lyceum of Natural

History, Oct. 21st, 1850.

PartruLa piminuta. Shell rather thick, ovate-conic ; trans-

lucent, horn-colored, sometimes reddish, with a thin shining

brownish horn-colored epidermis, which is much interrupted

by transverse stripes ; with the tip white ; with unequal, ir-

regular, rather coarse transverse striae, and numerous exces-

sively minute impressed spiral lines; apex subacute ; spire

rather short, with the outlines slightly curvilinear ; whorls

five, a little convex, with a moderately impressed suture ; last

whorl moderately oblique: aperture rather small, subovate,

with a tubercle on the middle of the intruding part of the last

whorl: lip much thickened, but narrow, with a regularly

rounded surface : umbilicus small.

Mean divergence 58°; length .65 inch; greatest breadth

36 inch; least breadth .3 inch; length of the aperture .238

inch: the corresponding dimensions of another specimen are

60°; .525 inch; .28 inch; .32 inch; .21 inch.

Hab. ?

This species resembles a variety, (P. auriculata Brod.,) of

P. Otahettana Brug., but is more slender, as well as smaller.

ACHATINELLA MaGNA. Shell thick, ovate-conic, elongate :

blackish brown at the apex, reddish brown on the middle

whorls, and ash-colored on the lower whorls: with unequal,

irregular, very coarse transverse striae, with close-set trans-

verse arcuate ribs near the apex, and some indistinct raised

spiral lines on the lower part of the last whorl: apex subacute :

spire rather long, with the outlines quite curvilinear: whorls

seven, rather convex, with a well-impressed suture; last whorl

42 Descriptions of New Species of

obtusely angular: aperture ovate, acute above, with an ex-

tremely thick deposit on the inner side, with a very large com-

pressed columellar fold.

Mean divergence 50°; length 1.383 inch; breadth .7 inch ;

length of aperture .61 inch.

The unique specimen which has served for this description

is somewhat faded, and the lip probably is not quite mature,

being sharp.

AcHATINELLA Tappantana. Shell reversed, elongate ovate-

conic : pure white, with one narrow brown spiral band on the

periphery of the last whorl: with very unequal and irregular

transverse striae, and numerous excessively minute wrinkled

spiral impressed lines: apex subacute: spire elongate, with

the outlines a little curvilinear : whorls nearly seven, moder-

ately convex, and more or less subangular, margined above,

with a well impressed suture : aperture ovate ; lip well thick-

ened within the margin, expanded much anteriorly but not

above ; columellar fold strong.

Mean divergence 48° ; length 1.06 inch ; breadth .56 inch ;

length of aperture .44 inch.

Var. dubiosa differs in being a little more ventricose ; its

whorls are not margined above, and the brown stripe is re-

placed by two fine paler brown lines, below which one or two

other yet finer lines may be seen.

Habitat, Sandwich Islands.

This beautiful species is named in honor of Hon. Benja-

min Tappan, of Ohio.

AcuaTInELLA Dimonpr. Shell reversed, thick, long ovate-

conic: dingy white or very pale yellowish brown, with a

blackish margin to the aperture when mature ; with a green-

ish black fugacious epidermis: with the transverse striae

rather slight, very unequal and irregular, without spiral striae :

apex subacute: spire rather long, with the outlines moderately

Partula and Achatinella. 43

curvilinear : whorls nearly seven, quite convex, with the suture

weil impressed ; last whorl often somewhat flattened on the

middle: aperture subovate, with the columellar fold well de-

veloped, with the deposit on the inner side very thin; labrum

sharp, not reflected, well thickened within.

Mean divergence 45°; length 1 inch; breadth .5 inch ;

length of aperture .388 inch.

Variety (?) /ata has a divergence, in a specimen about

two-thirds grown, of 55°.

Habitat, Sandwich Islands.

This fine species is named in honor of Mr. Henry Dimond,

of Honolulu, to whom I have been much indebted for the

shells of these islands.

AcHATINELLA DECEPTA. Shell rather thick, ovate-conic,

much elongated : dingy white or very pale yellowish brown ;

with a dark brown or greenish epidermis, which is interrupted

more or less in transverse stripes, and often terminates ab-

ruptly on the periphery of the last whorl: with irregular

transverse striae ; without spiral striae : apex subacute : spire

long, with the outlines moderately curvilinear : whorls nearly

seven and one-half, rather convex, with a well impressed su-

ture ; last whorl rather small: aperture small, ovate ; lip

sharp, not expanded, moderately thickened within ; columel-

lar fold moderately developed.

Mean divergence 38°; length .72 inch; breadth .33 inch;

Jength of aperture .25 inch.

This shell is figured by Mr. Reeve (Icon. f. 42 a, non 42 bd)

as a variety of A. rubens Gould. We think it is entitled to

specific rank. It is usually more slender, and always more

conical and less ovate, the last whorl being shorter, and not so

regularly rounded, and the outlines of the spire being much

less curvilinear. A. rubens, always retaining its more regu-

larly rounded outlines, varies in its proportions in extreme

44 Descriptions of New Species of Partula, &c.

varieties. from .76 inch: .35 inch to .64 inch: 4 inch. The

dimensions of Dr. Gould’s type, .75 inch: .4 inch, are most

common.

ACHATINELLA MopESTA. Shell rather thick and short, ovate-

conic: dingy reddish or ash brown ; more or less covered with

a dingy dark brown epidermis: with fine irregular transverse

striae, which are coarser on the upper whorls ; without spiral

striae: apex subacute: spire short, with the outlines quite

curvilinear: whorls six, moderately convex, with a well im-

pressed suture ; last whorl rather ventricose : aperture ovate,

somewhat acute above ; lip sharp, not expanded, moderately

thickened within; columellar fold well developed, quite

oblique.

Mean divergence 50°; length .564 inch; breadth .3 inch ;

length of aperture .26 inch.

The corresponding dimensions of another specimen are—

47°; So inch; .29 inch ; :.24 inch.

Habitat, Sandwich Islands.

AcuaTineLLA Reever. Although the name Achatinella

radiata Pfr. appears in Dr. Pfeiffer’s Hel. Monog. as a syn-

onyme of A. viridans Migh., yet Mr. Reeve, in his beautiful

monograph of this genus, has represented this species under

the name of A. radiata, and has given another species with Dr.

Mighels’ name. Dr. M. and myself about the same time re-

ceived this very distinct species, and having seen it in his col-

lection, I cannot doubt the correctness of Dr. Pfeiffer’s synony-

my. Some other specimens before me appear to be very

exactly represented by Mr. Reeve’s figure of A. viridans, and

are most nearly allied to a group consisting of A. pulcherrima

Swains., A. castanea Rv., A. abbreviata Rv., &e. I propose

for Mr. R.’s A. viridans the name which stands at the head

of this paragraph.

Descriptions of NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES oF SuELLs, which

inhabit Jamaica. By C. B. Apams, Professor of Zoology,

&c., in Amherst College. Read before the New-York Ly-

ceum of Natural History, Oct. 21st, 1850.

The following descriptions are in continuation of the Con-

TRIBUTIONS To ConcuoLocy, which were published by the writer

in seven numbers, from Sept. 1849 to April 1850. They com-

prise the more important of the undescribed types of the land

and fresh water shells of Jamaica, which are accumulating

for a proposed monograph of the land and fresh water shells

of that island, and such of the marine species as are believed

to be undescribed.

I take this opportunity to explain that three species of the

land shells of Jamaica had received the names of persons, both

in the original manuscript descriptions, and in labels with

which specimens were distributed. But at the request of the

late lamented Dr. Binney, whose name had been used, and

who deemed it inexpedient to name species in this manner,

other names for these species were substituted, as the article

went to press. Unfortunately the first names, taken from the

labels, were published by Dr. Pfeiffer. These are now sup-

posed by some writers to have priority; but by attention to

the dates, it will be perceived, that the names published in

the Proc. Bost. Soc. Jan. 1845, have priority. They were in

fact published before the shells could have been received in

Europe. I can only regret having thus inadvertently caused

the existence of synonymes. ‘The following are the species :

Cyclostoma pulchrius Ad.; Syn. C. Binneyanum Pfr.

Cylindrella nobilior (Pupa) Ad.; Syn. C. Binneyana Pfr.

Helix arboreoides Ad.; Syn. H. Haldemaniana Pfr.

In the same article, Achatina Griffithit was erroneously

46 Descriptions of New Species and Vnrieties of Shells,

written A. Griffithsii. As this was merely an error in orthog-

raphy, there can be no objection to the use of the name as

elsewhere correctly written.

In the following descriptions of operculated land shells,

the opercula are not described, except when important for the

diagnosis of the species. We agree with M. Petit, (Journ. de

Conch. 1850, p. 39,) who does not find in the opercula of Cy-

clostoma characters of sufficient importance to establish gen-

era. Certainly they have not sufficient intrinsic value, and

it is yet to be shown that they are always expressive of gen-

eric differences in the soft parts of these animals. A similar

opinion has been expressed by Mr. Redfield, in his catalogue

of operculated land shells. Specific differences, however, are

often well defined in the opercula.

Marernetia Gractuis. Shell between fusiform and cylin-

dric, slender: white, with three spiral bands of orange brown,

of which the upper one appears on the spire, a part of the

middle one is seen in the deflection of the suture in the last

part of the penult whorl; the middle band is sometimes in-

distinct : smooth and shining: apex rather obtuse : spire mod-

erately lengthened, with the outlines quite curvilinear : whorls

nearly four, moderately convex, with the suture not very dis-

tinct ; last whorl long: aperture long and narrow ; lip mod-

erately thickened, slightly incurved ; varix slightly extended

on the penult whorl ; with four very oblique plaits.

Length .26 inch ; greatest breadth .09 inch ; least breadth

.075 inch ; length of aperture .175 inch.

This species resembles M. avena Val., (M. varia Sowb.,)

but is much smaller, and much more slender, and has a long-

er spire.

Buccinum putcHELLuM. Shell ovate fusiform: pale. yel-

lowish brown, with the spiral ridges dark reddish brown, ex-

which inhabit Jamaica. 47

cept on the upper whorls : ‘with twelve spiral prominent cord-

like ridges, half of which appear on the spire, decussated by

much less prominent regular transverse ridges, with the inter-

sections well developed into nodules’: apex acute: spire with

the outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls five, rather con-

vex, with the suture moderately impressed ; last whorl but

little ventricose: aperture rather narrow and sinuous ; lip

slightly thickened, not denticulate within, (in old shells ?)

with the notch of medium size.

Mean divergence about 40°; length .145 inch; breadth

.06 inch ; length of aperture .06 inch.

Of Pleurotoma albella Ad., (Cont. to Conch., p. 63,) a va-

riety is wax-colored at both extremities, and has irregular

spiral lines of the same on the lower part of the whorls.

Vatvata rnconspicua. Shell subdiscoidal : pale horn color?

with the striae of growth microscopic: spire convex, moder-

ately elevated : whorls three, very rapidly increasing, with a

deep canaliculate suture: aperture large, not much advanced

above : umbilicus about half as wide as the penult whorl.

Greatest breadth .07 inch; least breadth .05 inch ; height

,04 inch.

Puanorpis numiis. Shell subdiscoidal: color —? with

coarse striae of growth: apex and spire moderately depressed

on the right side: whorls two and one-half; last whorl with

a very acute periphery nearly in the plane of the spire, mod-

erately dilated around the umbilical region: aperture large,

subtriangular, acutely angled at the periphery of the last

whorl: umbilical region abruptly excavated, with the conca-

vity about two-thirds as wide as the last whorl.

Greatest breadth .06 inch ; least breadth .046 inch ; height

.025 inch.

48 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

Probably the specimens before me are immature, but the

species is quite distinct from any other.

Of Planorbis dentiferus Ad., (Proc. Bost. Soc. Jan. 1,

1845,) a variety occurs, which is destitute of teeth! After a

careful examination of many specimens, I am unable to find

any other differences constantly associated with this peculiar-

ity. Many of the toothless shells are more compressed oblique-

ly just below the periphery, than the type, but the same is

true of some of the shells in which the teeth are well devel-

oped. It is not a local variety, both kinds occurring together

at Hatfield, in Westmoreland. The variety may be designa-

ted by the name EDENTATUS.

AncyLus opiiquus. Shell subovate, somewhat arcuate,

very convex: translucent, pale horn color: extremely thin,

with microscopic radiating raised lines, and less distinct striae

of growth: apex very prominent, elevated, extending very far

to one side and posteriorly, and projecting nearly over the

margin.

Length .075 inch ; breadth .05 inch ; height .028 inch.

This remarkable shell may belong to a new genus, but

without the soft parts, it is dificult to determine the generic

value of its peculiarities. The shell is hitherto unique in the

rich collection of the Hon. Edward Chitty, to whom I am in-

debted for the loan of it.

TRUNCATELLA MoDESTA. Shell much elongate, ovate conic :

yellowish horn color, with a white upper margin of the whorls:

with about twenty-one prominent compressed ribs, and nu-

merous spiral striae, which are interrupted by the ribs: apex

truncate with the loss of

whorls : spire with the outlines

somewhat curvilinear: whorls remaining after truncation

seven, moderately convex, margined above : aperture subovate,

slightly angulated anteriorly. ;

which inhabit Jamaica. 49

Length (after truncation) .175 inch; breadth .06 inch;

length of aperture .045 inch.

Heticina nozitis. Sheil depressed globose conic, thick and

solid: white beneath and at the end of the last whorl, other-

wise rufous or dark brownish red: very smooth, the striae of

growth being very light; sometimes with a few very light

spiral striae : apex obtuse: spire convex conic: whorls nearly

four and one-half, subplanulate, with a rather deep suture ;

last whorl much depressed or even sinuate between the per-

iphery and suture at its termination: aperture compressed

above, expanded laterally: lip rather thick, moderately re-

flected along the middle only; with a notch like that of H.

maxima Sowb.

Mean divergence 130°; greatest breadth .9 inch; least

breadth .73 inch ; height .55 inch.

This species differs from AH. maxima in the flattening of

the whorls, which renders the spire conic ; in the compression

of the aperture from above, and the slight reflection of the lip;

it is also more solid and less convex beneath.

Heicina nirsuta. Shell depressed globose, rather thin :

brownish red, with an hirsute brown epidermis, having long

hairs in six spiral lines, of which one is next below the suture

and the others are on the middle and lower parts of the last

whorl: with the striae of growth lightly impressed: apex

rather obtuse, slightly mucronate: spire with the outlines

much curved: whorls nearly five, slightly planulate, with a

well impressed suture : aperture rather large, semi-elliptical ;

hip rather thin and sharp, but well reflected so as to form a

canal behind ; with the slit not very deep, but wide.

Mean divergence 110° ; greatest breadth .59 inch; least

breadth .48 inch; height .04 inch.

The slit has about the same proportions as in H. Hollandi,

50 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

having less depth and a greater width than in H. palliata and

HI. Brownii. Except in its greater size, it very closely re-

sembles the former species, which however wants the spiral

lines of long hairs in the epidermis. The operculum of this

species is much smoother. I adopt the name suggested by Mr.

Chitty.

A variety of Helicina palliata occurs, in which the lip

is excessively thickened both externally and internally, con-

tracting the aperture. It may be designated by the name of

LaBlosa. It is a local variety.*

A variety of Helicina maxima is remarkable for its pale

lemon yellow color; it may be designated by the name of

cirrina. The usual color of this species, under the epidermis,

is the same as that of H. nobilis, (see above,) with less of

white.

A variety of Helicina ampliata in the collection of Mr.

Chitty is of a greenish yellow color, with a broad spiral band

nearly covering the upper whorls, where it is dark reddish

brown, occupying the lower part of the middle whorls where

it is of a brownish slate color, and gradually becoming paler,

and at length on the last whorl of a red color.

Hexicina consancuinEA. Shell subglobose, moderately

thick ; dark brownish red, with the lip white ; with a some-

what hirsute epidermis, having the projecting points spirally

arranged : with the striae of growth quite distinct : apex ob-

tuse : spire with the outlines much curved: whorls five, mod-

erately convex, with a well impressed suture : aperture semi-

orbicular ; lip sinuous above, moderately thickened and sharp,

but well reflected except at the extremities ; with the slit

broad and shallow.

* Dr. Holland remarks, “The H. palliata found about here [Bethany, Man-

chester] never hassuch a thickened lip: [the same is true at Marlboro, Manchester

C. B. A.]: but add the specimens from Maidstone (our station on the mountain oppo

site to Bethany) are of this description.”

51 which inhabit Jamaica.

Mean divergence 110°; greatest breadth .6 inch; least

breadth .05 inch ; height .45 inch.

The slit, or notch, as it might be called with equal pro-

priety, is uniform in all the specimens before me. In this, as

in most other characters, the species is intermediate between

H. hirsuta and H. albolabris. It occurs in the parish of

Westmoreland, the west part of the island.

Some specimens from the opposite extremity of the island,

St. Thomas in the Hast, closely resemble H. consanguinea,

except in having the aperture well dilated and rounded in the

upper part, instead of being contracted by a sinus in the lip ;

they also have the notch a little deeper, and the last whorl is

a little more convex beneath. ‘he shell also is much like

HI. hirsuta, but the slit is not so deep, and the aperture is

longer and narrower. They present a distinct type, but I

merely propose for it the name of soror, without deciding

whether it be of specific value.

Heuicrva microsroma. Shell globose ‘conic, moderately

thickened : ‘‘ brown, shaded off to a smoky white along the

suture” and on the periphery of the last whorl: with rather

light striae of growth, in which are a few spiral series of

punctures : apex obtuse: spire with the outlines more or less

and not uniformly curvilinear: whorls rather less than five,

moderately convex, with a well impressed suture ; last whorl

subplanulate beneath: aperture semi-elliptical, compressed

above and below, laterally dilated ; with the lip sinuate, well

expanded and reflected except at the extremities ; with the

slit not very deep, rather wide.

Mean divergence 69°; greatest breadth .65 inch; least

breadth .52 inch; height .4 inch.

The slit is about as deep as in HI. consanguinea, but the

sides are less divergent. The punctate spiral series indicate

spiral lines of hairs on the epidermis. For two faded speci-

52 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

mens I am indebted to Mr. Holland, who has ne fresh shell,

the color of which he describes as quoted above, and as faintly

indicated in the best of the specimens before me. In form it

approaches more 'nearly to H. ampliata and H. Jamaicensis

than any of the group, which is characterised by an anterior

notch or slit in the margin of the aperture.

I am indebted to Mr. Holland for a variety of Helicina

depressa of extraordinary size. Its mean divergence is 140° ;

greatest breadth .33 inch ; least breadth .28 inch ; height .18

inch. The corresponding dimensions of an ordinary specimen

are 140°; .24 inch; .2inch; .125 inch. It may be designa-

ted by the name of vaLipa.

A variety of Trochatella Josephine, from the western part

of the island, presents a type quite distinct from that which

served for the description of the species, and which inhabit

the eastern part. The spiral ridges are less conspicuous, and

are more or less interrupted by various irregularities of the

surface. The acute periphery is furnished with very promi-

nent vaulted Gompressed scales, and is of a red color. The

- inferior surface is of a lemon yellow color, and its spiral strice

are rather indistinct. The lower part of the lip is quite thick.

This type may be designated by the name of putcura. Its

mean divergence is 100°; height .29 inch; greatest breadth

.O2 inch ; least breadth .44 inch.

Of Trochatella Tankervillit several types appear quite

distinct in extreme specimens, but graduate into each other

by innumerable intermediate varieties. In one type, variety

a, the spiral ridges are stronger, and the other irregularities

of surface are less developed. The last whorl is more convex

on both sides of the periphery, which is consequently less acute.

This variety approximates most nearly to 7’. pudchella in form

and size.

which inhabit Jamaica. 53

In a second type, variety @, the shells are more rugose and

scabrous, but thinner. They are usually of small or medium

size, and are the most richly colored. A modification of this

type sometimes occurs with a more elevated spire.

Ina third type, variety y, the sculpture is more like that

of the first, but the outline is more angular, and the shell at-

tains a great size. ‘The colors are not as vivid as in variety 8.

The figure in Sowb. Thes. (pl. J. fig. 17) is more angular,

and has a more elevated spire than any of the shells which I

have seen.

The following are the dimensions of these varieties :

Var. a, mean div. 91°; height .53 inch ; great. br. .63 in.; least br. .5 in.

ec B, i, ve ¢ OF ce 51 a4 “ 67 cs 74 50 oe

cc ¢ 2, <4 a4 90°; OE 62 74 a4 .70 4 (a9 .56 ce

a4 y a4 <4 98°; cc 80 cs ce 98 a4 a4 .79 74

Fig.inSowb.Thes.80°; ‘“ .82 “ - 80 “ % ?

CycLosToMa SaGITTIFERUM. Shell elongate, ovate conic :

dingy white, with numerous inequidistant dark brown zigzag

lines, with the four angles which are directed *backwards ar-

ranged in spiral series on stripes of paler brown ; with irregu-

lar transverse spots of dark brown next below the suture :

with very crowded fine transverse ridges, which interrupt

minute spiral elevated lines: apex truncate, with the loss of

g, with the outlines curvilinear :

whorls remaining after truncation four, quite convex, with a

well impressed suture: aperture obliquely ovate, with two

peritremes; of which the outer one is moderately produced

and not reflected posteriorly, but in the rest part is well pro-

duced, reflected nearly into the plane of the aperture, sinuous

on the left side anteriorly ; inner peritreme thick, moderately

produced, slightly reflected : umbilicus very narrow, extend-

— whorls: spire rather lon

ing through the truncate summit.

54 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

For this species I am indebted to Mr. Chitty. It was

found at Easington, in the parish of St. David’s.

Mean divergence about 45°; length .96 inch after trunca-

tion; greatest breadth .63 inch ; least breadth .55 inch.

CycLosToMA LAMELLOSUM. Shell ovate conic, rather short:

with several inequidistant unequal more or less interrupted

spiral lines of brown, of which four or five appear on the pe-

nult whorl : with rather closely set sharp elevated transverse

lamellee, which are more prominent at the sutures ; without

spiral striee, except a few ridges in the umbilicus: apex trun-

cate with the loss of two or three whorls: spire with the out-

lines quite convex: about three and one-half whorls remain-

ing, very convex, with a rather deep suture : aperture orbicu-

lar, with two peritremes, of which the outer one is narrow,

auriculate above, reflected nearly into the plane of the aper-

ture ; the inner peritreme is rather stout, well produced, a

little reflected. The operculum has a spiral lamella, which

has about four and one-half whorls, and is but little elevated

and much produced laterally.

Mean divergence about 50°; length after truncation .49

inch ; greatest breadth .4 inch ; least breadth .34 inch.

This shell much resembles C. tecttlabre, but the outer per-

itreme is more expanded, and the margin of the operculum is

not reflected backwards.

Cyciostoma simuLans. Shell long ovate conic: very pale

brown or dingy white, with numerous spiral series of small

dark brown spots, which are often elongate, and which are

arranged in inequidistant transverse stripes: with closely set

rather strong transverse raised lines and indistinct spiral strie,

moderately crenulate along the suture: apex truncate with

the loss of — whorls: spire with the outlines moderately cur-

vilinear : whorls remaining after truncation four or five, quite

which inhabit Jamaica. 5y5)

convex, with a well impressed suture: aperture ovate orbicu-

lar, with two peritremes, of which the outer one is moderately

expanded and reflected nearly into the plane of the aperture ;

the inner one is moderately produced and reflected: umbilicus

very narrow, but extending through the truncate summit.

Mean divergence about 37°; length after ‘truncation .b4

inch: greatest breadth .384 inch; least breadth .23 inch.

From Easington. At first sight this species appears like

C. Adamst, but is distinguished by being less elongated, by

the spiral strie, and by the double peritreme.

Cyclostoma tenuistriatum is frequently of a dingy white or

very pale brown color.

Cyclostoma modestum Ad. (Cont. Conch.)

A variety of Cyclostoma jfimbriatulum has the transverse

ridges rather more numerous and regular than the type of the

species, and at their intersection with the spiral ridges more

or less developed into small opaque white tubercles: its outer

peritreme is not so wide or scabrous, and is less strongly scal-

loped, and is less flattened. Its size is less than that of the

type of the species. It is a local variety, occurring in the

centre of Westmoreland, the most western parish, while the

typical C. fimbriatulum occurs forty-miles to the east, in Man-

chester, near the centre of the island. At the suggestion of

Mr. Chitty, I propose for it the name of aLBinopatum.

Another variety of the same species inhabits an interme-

diate region, the parish of St. Elizabeth’s. Yet although ge-

ographically intermediate between the other two forms, it is

by no means so in its characters. It is smaller than the var,

albinodatum, has its peritreme narrower, and the transverse

ridges are more numerous and regular, in these characters

diverging yet farther from the type of the species. On the

other hand, it diverges in the opposite direction, having the

56 Anatysis of a certain Group of Species of Cyclostoma.

transverse ridges cross the spiral ridges with enlargement.

We propose for it the name of docens, in allusion to its in-

structiveness on the question of the origin of varieties.

A specimen of Cyclostoma lincina from the mountains

behind Spanish Town is remarkable for its size and the devel-

opment of the outer peritreme. Its dimensions are—mean

divergence 54°; length 1 inch; greatest breadth .77 inch;

least breadth .6 inch: transverse diameter of the aperture .3

inch, and including the peritreme .57 inch !

On pages 91 and 93 of Contr. Conch. two varietie sof one

species were accidentally published as distinct species, with

the names of C. nodulosum and C. granosum. These varie-

ties differ slightly. The name, C. granosum, having appeared

in Mr. Redfield’s catalogue, and being rather more appropriate,

may be adopted to the exclusion of the other. Another vari-

ety of this species oceurs, in which the last whorl is much

detached from the penult whorl. It is also entirely destitute

of the purplish brown color anteriorly. The two individuals,

which we have received on loan from Mr. Chitty, make us

acquainted with the operculum of this species. It has a spi-

ral lamella, well elevated, of more than three whorls. The

variety may be designated by the name of aBERRANS.

Analysis of the Group of Species of Cyelostoma, which is

represented by C. JaMaicENSE CHEM.

This group has been more or less known for nearly sixty

years under the name proposed by Chemnitz. In March,

1848, Mr. Sowerby, (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. and Thes. Conch.

I. p. 95, pl. 23, f. 10, 11,) described a second species under the

name of C. corrugatum. Both species have been repeated

by Dr. Pfeiffer in Kuster’s Cyclostomacea. During the pres-

Analysis of a certain Group of Species of Cyclostoma. 57

ent year Mr. Sowerby has described a third type under the

name of C. subrugosum, (Thes. Conch. II. p. 161*, pl. Suppl.

31 B. f. 308, 309.)

Having found some difficulty in identifying these species,

I concluded first to study the shells themselves and their oper-

cula, which are in my collection. Twenty types, which have

seemed worthy of notice, are described below. Perhaps two

or three of these may be due to accident or circumstances ;

but most of them are probably original types. Many of them

are local. For the most part they are of less value than is

usually assumed for a species.

de aie

See ba.

Ga) se:

4a? ee |B.

ae Non

a | 4

sti

Fane

10 ye

ll} g.

14 fh. }

UR ice Gan

LGN 7:

fe ee.

ine aae D.

19 S20... “h.

tea ae

In the accompanying table we have endeavored to express

the affinities and values of the types. In the first column the

numbers corresponding to the types described. In the second

column they are grouped under fourteen more comprehensive

types, which are indicated by the italic letters. In the third

8 Analysis of a certain Group of Species of Cyclostoma.

column they are grouped under nine types, indicated by the

Roman letters; and in the fourth column, under four types,

indicated by capitals.

Equivalent to the whole group thus constituted is a type,

which appears in C. suturale Sowb. In the former case, the

group is distributed, in the various subtypes, over most of the

island. The latter occurs only in the western third of the

island, and is very uniform in its characters.

If, following the example of some, we should regard all

types, which are probably original, as requiring to be named

and described as species, we should soon be involved in an

endless labyrinth. There would be not less than fifteen spe-

cies in this group; the list of species of Cyclostoma inhabit-

ing Jamaica would be swelled to hundreds; and the terres-

trial shells of that island would exceed a thousand species.

We prefer to treat species as we do genera, and endeavor to

make them of as nearly equal value as the diversified system

of nature will permit. We have deemed it useful to present

an illustration of the actual scheme of nature.

The nine types of the third order, in the foregoing table

, 2ppear to be of about the mean value of ordinary species. It

becomes necessary to assign them names. In the absence of

the opercula, d and i may be omitted as doubtful. Mr. Sow-

erby’s figure of the operculum of C. Jamaicensis accurately

represents that of No. 18; and Kuster’s figure, the operculum

of Nos. 16 and 17; all of which, notwithstanding some dif-

ference in the opercula, we had united in one species. Most

of our specimens are rather too coarsely sculptured to corres-

pond with the figures given by these authors. Variety 16’,

however, corresponds with great exactness to Mr. Sowerby’s

figure. We may therefore conclude that Nos. 16-18 belong to

the Chemnitzian species. Our No. 1 approximates so exactly

to Mr. Sowerby’s figure of C. corrugatum, that we shall pro-

visionally refer it to that species, although Kuster’s figure and

Analysis of a certain Group of Species of Cyclostoma. 59

the descriptions of both authors exclude an umbilical keel.

No. 3 has the same general form as the figure of C. swbrugo-

sum, but wants the umbilical keel. This species we are una-

ble to identify. ‘The following nomenclature is proposed :

No.1. Cyclostoma corrugatum ? Sowb.

2. Cyclostoma jugosum Ad. sp. nov.

3. Cyclostoma pallescens Ad. sp. nov.

0-14. Cyclostoma varians Ad. sp. nov.

15. Cyclostoma seminudum Ad. sp. nov.

16-18. Cyclostoma Jamaicense Chem.

19. Cyclostoma crassum Ad. sp. nov.

‘Tt will be seen that we have made much use of the oper-

culum. ‘The differences of this part appear in this group to

be more constant and better defined than those of the shell.

They are evidently of value in distinguishing species and even

groups which are somewhat more comprehensive than species.

We would, however, with M. Petit and Mr. Redfield, stop far

short of assigning a generic value to the differences in the

opercula of the groups of Cyclostoma.

Wo. 1. Shell reddish in the upper whorls ; in the lower whorls pale horn color

or dingy white ; with a brown epidermis: with deep transverse somewhat wrinkled

striz on all the whorls ; foveately wrinkled, with shallow depressions; with a dis-

tinct umbilical keel, and large curved pits exterior to the keel : spire well elevated:

whorls nearly five, flattened on the upper part, with a well impressed suture : aper-

ture suborbicular, quite effuse and pointed above ; lip sinuate above, much ad-

vanced along the middle of the right side, moderately thickened: umbilicus a

little more than half as wide as the aperture. Operculum with a much elevated

spiral lamellain nine whorls, which are much inflected curvately, the outer surface

being convex, like the sides of an inverted saucer.

Mean divergence 120°; height .55 inch; greatest breadth .88 inch; least

breadth .69 inch.

No. 2. Shell white, with a light brown epidermis: with rather deep transverse

striee, which are very regular on the upper whorls, and very irregular on the last

whorl; with deep wrinkles commencing near the end of the penult whorl, where

they are somewhat regular and oblique, as they are also on the lower side of the

last whorl, on the upper side of which they are irregular and knotty ; the umbilical

keel is obsolete: spire much depressed: whorls nearly five, well rounded, with a

60 Analysts of a certain Group of Species of Cyclostoma.

deeply impressed suture: aperture orbicular, slightly effuse and pointed above ; lip

scarcely sinuate above, much advanced along the middle of the right side, mod-

erately thickened: umbilicus four-fifths as wide as the aperture. Operculum with

a much elevated spiral lamella, in seven or eight whorls, which are much inflect-

ed but not so curvately as No. 1.

Mean divergence about 145°; height .6 inch; greatest breadth 1.08 inch ;

least breadth .85 inch.

No. 3. Shell with the spire brownish red, and the last whorl white; with a

brown epidermis: with the transverse strize fine and regular on the spire, and very

irregular on the last whorl; with fine wrinkles commencing above near the end

of the penult whorl; last whorl very coarsely and irregularly wrinkled above,

nearly or quite smooth beneath ; the umbilical keel is obsolete: spire depressed :

whorls nearly five ; last whorl flattened above; with the suture moderately im-

pressed: aperture orbicular, slightly effuse and pointed above ; lip scarcely sinuate

above, moderately advanced on the right side: umbilicus about two-thirds as wide

as the aperture. Operculum with a much elevated spiral lamella, the whorls of

which, six or seven in number, are saucer-shaped ; that is, reflected, with the inner

surface concave: the lamella is like that of No. 1 inverted.

Mean divergence about 145° ; height .67 inch; greatest breadth 1.15 inch;

least breadth .91 inch. No. 3’ differsin having the lower part of the last whorl

finely wrinkled.

No. 4. This resembles No. 3, but the wrinkles on the last half of the last

whorl are somewhat regular, oblique, and very large: the umbilical keel is well

developed: the umbilicus is only half as wide as the aperture. ‘The operculum is

unknown.

No. 5. Upper whorls horn color or light red ; Jower whorls white, with a brown

epidermis: with the transverse strie rather fine and irregular ; wrinkles commenc-

ing on the antepeault whorl, regular, oblique and well defined on the penult whorl,

sometimes regular on the lower part of the last whorl; umbilical keel well devel-

oped: spire somewhat depressed: whorls about four and one-half, scarcely flat-

tened above, with a well impressed suture: aperture orbicular, slightly effuse and

pointed at the junction with the penult whorl ; lip rather thin, slightly advanced in

the right side: umbilicus two-thirds as wide as the aperture. Operculuin with a

spiral lamella of about eight whorls, with the upper margins reflected and expand-

ed so as to be nearly in contact.

Mean divergence about 135° ; height .55 inch ; greatest breadth .9 inch ; least

breadth .72 inch.

No. 6. White, often reddish above ; with a brown epidermis: with the trans-

verse striae extremely fine, somewhat regular on the upper whorls ; wrinkles com-

mencing on the antepenult whorl, fine, regular and oblique on the penult whorl and

at the beginning of the last whorl, on the rest of which they are fine and irregu-

lar: umbilical keel well developed: spire well elevated: whorls five; last whorl

slightly depressed above ; suture well impressed : aperture susorbicular, quite effuse

and pointed above; lip well thickened, moderately advanced on the right side ;

umbilicus about three-fifths as wide as the aperture. Operculum slightly concave,

with a thick spiral lamina of seven or eight whorls, the upper part of which is ex-

Analysis of a certain Group of Species of Cyclostoma. 61

panded in both directions but mostly on the exterior, and is then curved down-

wards, presenting a broad rounded summit. A transverse section of the lamina

somewhat resembles the italic letter 7:

Mean divergence about 120°; height 46 inch; greatest breadth .84 inch ;

least breadth .65 inch.

No. 7. This differs from No. 6: the depression of the last whorl above is rather

deeper, and extends along the penult whorl where it is linear ; the wrinkles are

less regular, and are often wanting at the end aud lower side of the penult whorl ;

the umbilical keel is very strongly developed; the epidermis is very dark brown ;

in the whorls of the opercular lamina, the lateral expansions come in contact, form-

ing a covered way beneath. This type inhabits the parish of Portland. It attains

a great size and solidity.

Mean divergence about 120°; height .85 inch; greatest breadth 1.36 inch ;

least breadth 1.05 inch.

No. 8 differs from the preceding, in having the whole surface destitute of wrin-

kles.

No. 9 is also like No. 7; but its operculum is flatter, and has two more whorls,

and all its whorls are therefore narrower ; the epidermis is light brown; and the

wrinkles are nearly obsolete, except a few which are small and well defined near

the commencement of the penult whorl.

Mean divergence 130°; height .6 inch; greatest breadth 1.03 inch ; least

breadth .81 inch.

No. 10, The wrinkles are well developed, rather sharp, oblique and regular on

the penult and antepenult whorls, and are nearly obsolete on the last whorl, the

lower side of which is quite smooth; the umbilical keel is very prominent ; the

operculum is like that of No.9. Some haye-a few raised spiral lines on the last

whorl.

Mean divergence 125°; height .55 inch; greatest breadth .95 inch; least

breadth .75 inch.

No. 11. White, often reddish ; the epidermis is dark brown, with a white stripe

next below the suture on the last whorl: with the transverse strie excessively mi-

nute: the wrinkles are very small on the antepenult and penult whorls, and nearly

obsolete on the upper part of the last whorl, which is smooth below ; there are a

few indistinct spiral strie ; the umbilical keel is well developed: spire well eleva-

ted: whorls nearly five, slightly depressed above ; with a well impressed suture :

aperture suborbicular, quite pointed and effuse above ; lip well thickened, much

advanced on the right side: umbilicus half as wide as the aperture. Operculunr

like that of No. 9.

Inhabits St. John’s.

Mean divergence about 130°; height .55 inch; greatest breadth .92 inch 5

least breadth .74 inch.

No. 12 differs from No. 11 in having the whorls more flattened above, and the

aperture more dilated. Operculum as in No. 9.

Inhabits the north side, in St. Mary’s.

62 Analysis of a certain Group of Species of Cyclostoma.

Mean divergence about 135°; height .57 inch; greatest breadth .99 inch;

least breadth .76 inch.

No. 13. Brownish red in the upper whorls, white in the last whorl; with a

brown epidermis: with the transverse strie quite fine ; foveate wrinkles commenc-

ing in the latter part of the penult whorl, and becoming obsolete in the latter part

of the last whorl ; with some lightly impressed spiral strize on the last whorl: um-

bilical keel moderately developed ; spire moderately elevated: whorls nearly five ;

penult whorl flattened and last whorl much depressed above ; with a well impressed

suture: aperture orbicular, advanced above in an acute effuse point; lip sinuate

above, moderately thickened: umbilicus about two-thirds as wide as the aperture,

Operculum unknown.

Mean divergence about 130°; height .7 inch; greatest breadth 1.15 inch ;

least breadth .93 inch.

No. 14. White, often more or less reddish ; epidermis dark brown, sometimes

paler and greenish; with a band on the periphery, and a very narrow one at the

upper edge of the last whorl: with a few indistinct wrinkles on the last whorl near

the suture ; transverse strie very fine; umbilical keel well developed with age:

spire well elevated : whorls nearly five, very convex; last whorl with a slight de-

pression above ; suture well impressed: aperture suborbicular, quite effuse and

acute above ; lip well thickened, a little sinuate above, moderately advanced on

the right side: umbilicus about two-thirds as wide as the aperture. Operculum

with a spiral lamella of about five whorls, of which the inner whorls are a little

inclined inwards, and the outer ones shelve inwards and are much thickened.

It inhabits Accompongtown, in the interior, in St. Elizabeth’s parish.

Mean divergence about 120°; height .5 inch; greatest breadth .73 inch ; least

breadth .58 inch.

No. 14’ has a bright red spire, and on the last two whorls numerous minute

wrinkles, which are indistinct about the periphery of the last whorl; without the

white bands. Operculum unknown.

No. 14” is intermediate between 14 and 14.’

No. 15. Shell brownish orange or brownish on the spire, reddish white on the

last whorl ; with a brown epidermis, which on the last whorl is mostly limited to

two or three dark brown broad well defined spiral bands, which are often confluent

in one: with the transverse strie very fine ; wrinkles commencing about the mid-

dle of the penult whorl, mostly foveate; last whorl very irregularly wrinkled

above, with minute pits exterior to the well developed umbilical keel, otherwise

smooth: spire well elevated: whorls nearly five, with a slight depression at the

top of the last whorl; with the suture well impressed : aperture suborbicular, quite

effuse and pointed above; lip thick, a little sinuate above, and well advanced on

the right side: umbilicus about three-fourths as wide as the aperture. Operculum

quite concave, with the spiral lamella scarcely elevated, but much thickened and

appressed on the exterior side.

Inhabits Manchester.

Mean divergence about 120° ; height .65 inch ; greatest breadth 1 inch ; least

breadth .79 inch.

No. 15’ is more wrinkled and much smaller, its greatest breadth being .65 inch.

Analysis of a certain Group of Species of Cyclostoma. 63

No. 16. More or less reddish, often with a white stripe at the upper edge of

the last whorl ; with a brown epidermis, which is more or less interrupted by na-

ked spiral stripes, which are often numerous: wrinkles commencing in some be_

fore, in others after the end of the penult whorl, in some, narrow and well defined,

often nearly obsolete, especially on the back of the last whorl ; transverse striz fine

but rather deep; rarely a little wrinkled near the umbilical keel, which is well de-

veloped: spire well elevated: whorls and aperture as in No. 15: umbilicus about

half as wide as the aperture. Operculum with a spiral lamella of six or seven

whorls, moderately sloping outwards, with the upper margin moderately reflected

externally.

Mean divergence about 120°; height .68 inch; greatest breadth 1.04 inch;

least breadth .83 inch.

In No. 16’ the wrinkles are obsolete.

No. 16” has the wrinkles mostly on the penult whorl.

No. 17. Shell white with more or less reddish, pure white on the last whorj

next the suture; with a rich brown epidermis: transverse strizw rather coarse ;

wrinkles minute but well defined, occupying more or less of the last whorl ; um-

bilical keel well developed: spire much elevated: whorls five and one-third ; last

whorl moderately depressed above ; suture well impressed: aperture large, subor-

bicular, somewhat acute above; lip rather thin, slightly sinuated below by the

umbilical keel: umbilicus half as wide as the aperture. Operculum a little con-

cave; spiral lamella with seven or eight whorls, rather wide, curvately reflected,

but not concealing the intermediate space.

Mean divergence about 110°; height .9 inch; greatest breadth 1.08 inch;

least breadth .87 inch.

No. 18. Shell white with a greenish brown epidermis, or reddish with a dark

brown epidermis: with the transverse striz extremely coarse ; with irregular coarse

but not deep wrinkles on the upper part of the last whorl ; with some more or less

distinct striz on the last whorl: spire well elevated: whorls about five and one-

third, scarcely depressed above, with a well impressed suture: aperture large, sub-

orbicular ; effuse, pointed and advanced above ; lip slightly sinuate above, moder-

ately thickened ; in the white variety thin and sharp on the right side: umbilicus

a little more than half as wide as the aperture. Operculum flat; lamella with six

or seven distinct whorls, rather narrow, moderately reflected.

Inhabits the middle parts of Manchester.

Mean divergence about 120°; height .88 inch; greatest breadth 1.23 inch ;

least breadth 1 inch.

No. 18’ is probably an accidental variety, with the last whorl deflected below

the middle of the penult whorl; the aperture and the umbilicus are consequently

contracted: in the other details it agrees with the type.

No. 19. Shell white with a brown epidermis: with deep transverse strie ; with

indistinct spiral strie ; not wrinkled; umbilical keel obsolete: spire moderately

elevated: whorls five; last whorl scarcely depressed above ; suture well impressed :

aperture suborbicular, effuse, pointed, and advanced above: lip well thickened:

umbilicus nearly two-thirds as wide as the aperture. Opereulum rather concave ;

lamella with about seven whorls, of medium width, nearly perpendicular except

that the thickened upper margin is moderately reflected.

64 Note on the Genus Stoastoma.

Inhabits the back parts of Manchester.

Mean divergence about 130° ; height .53 inch ; greatest breadth .77 inch ; least

breadth .62 inch.

No. 20. Shell white, reddish on the upper whorls, with a pale greenish brown

epidermis: transverse strie very fine, wrinkled; with minute wrinkles nearly cov-

ering the last whorl ; umbilical kee] wanting: spire moderately elevated: whorls

five; last whorl flattened beneath, making the periphery subangular; with the

suture well impressed: aperture suborbicular ; effuse, pointed, and much advanced

above; lip thick: umbilicus half as wide as the aperture. Operculum unknown.

Mean divergence about 130° ; height .45 inch; greatest breadth .7 inch ; least

breadth .58 inch.

Note on the genus Sroastoma. Following the sugges-

tion of Dr. Pfeiffer, (Zeitschr. Malak. 1849, p. 113,) I recog-

nize the genus Stoastoma in the well-known Cyclostoma suc-

cineum Sowb. It appears to me, however, that Dr. P. has

gone too far in saying that this species may be taken as the

chief type (‘‘ Haupttypus ”) of the new genus. It differs from

all the species of Jamaica, in having the labrum sharp and not

produced beyond the labium, in the manner which suggested

the name of the genus. Stoastoma succineum might there-

fore be considered as the type of a Polynesian subgenus,

which has about the same degree of affinity to Stoastoma

proper, that Partula has to Bulimus.

Sroasroma Vitxinsoni&. Shell subdiscoidal: pale horn

color, subtransparent: with five spiral carinz, of which one

runs into the suture, and one appears on the middle of the

whorls of the spire ; some have, in place of the last one, two

smaller carinee ; with very delicate spiral raised lines, usually

four to six in each interspace: spire moderately and convexly

elevated : whorls three and one-half, angulated, with a deep

suture; last whorl rather large, detached from the penult

whorl near the aperture: aperture campanulate ; labrum pro-

duced very far, above abruptly produced and auriculate, with

wide and deep scallops formed by the produced carine ; labi-

um much detached from the penult whorl and a little reflect-

New Species of Stoastoma. 65

ed: umbilicus rather wide, with the spiral lamella moderately

developed. Operculum very deeply concave, auriculate at

both extremities, very finely punctulate.

Mean divergence about 140° ; height .085 inch ; greatest

breadth .07 inch ; least breadth .055 inch.

This species closely resembles S. Gouldianum, and is most

readily distinguished by the difference in size. A closer in-

spection will detect the more essential differences.

Sroastoma Tappantanum. Shell subdiscoidal: pale horn

color, subtransparent : with seven spiral carine, of which the

upper one is small and the lower one very minute, and of

which two are visible on the upper whorls; with very deli-

cate spiral raised lines, usually one between the first pair of

earine and two or three in each following interspace: spire

moderately and convexly elevated : whorls three and one-half,

moderately convex, with a deep suture ; last whorl scarcely

detached from the penult whorl near the aperture: aperture

rather more than a semicircle, a little contracted behind the

labrum, which is well -produced, above rather abruptly pro-

duced, scarcely modified by the carine ; labium much de-

tached from the penult whorl and a little reflected : umbilicus

rather wide, with the spiral lamella moderately developed.

Operculum very deeply concave externally, smooth, auriculate

at both extremities.

Mean divergence about 140°; height .045 inch ; greatest

breadth .086 inch ; least breadth .07 inch.

This shell also resembles S. Gouwldianum, and might be

mistaken for the young of that species. But the labrum is

thickened as in all mature shells of Stoastoma proper. It is

most readily distinguished from that species by the peculiari-

ties of the aperture.

Sroastoma HotianpianuM. Shell subdiscoidal: pale horn

66 New Species of Stoastoma.

color, subtransparent : with five spiral carine, one of which is

visible on the spire; with very delicate spiral raised lines,

usually three to six in each interspace: spire moderately ele-

vated convex: whorls three and one-half, moderately convex,

subangular ; with a well impressed suture ; last whorl scarce-

ly detached from the penult whorl at the aperture : aperture

rather large, slightly constricted behind the lip, which is mod-

erately produced, above not very abruptly produced, scarcely

modified by the carine ; labium well detached from the pe-

nult whorl, scarcely reflected: umbilicus rather wide, with

the spiral lamella moderately developed. Operculum deeply

concave, subauriculate, smooth.

Mean divergence about 145°; height .035 inch; greatest

breadth .065 inch ; least breadth .055 inch.

This species much resembles the preceding. It is most

readily distinguished by its inferior size, and by the greater

number of fine spiral strie.

Sroastoma Mortcanpianum. Shell globose conic; horn

color, or very pale yellowish green: with numerous very fine

somewhat tortuous raised spiral lines, of which three or four

are visible on the spire ; and two or three still more minute

lines in each interspace ; but in some, all the lines are nearly

equal : spire well elevated, with the outlines nearly rectilinear:

whorls four, quite convex, with a well impressed suture ; last

whorl subglobose : aperture rather larger than a semicircle, a

little campanulate : labrum moderately and above not abrupt-

ly produced, scarcely modified by the larger spiral lines: labi-

um moderately detached from the penult whorl, slightly curved

and reflected : umbilicus narrow, with the spiral lamella very

small. Operculum rather deeply concave, subauriculate, very

finely papillose.

Mean divergence about 85°; height .075 inch ; greatest

breadth .085 inch ; least breadth .075 inch.

New Species of Stoastoma. 67

This species resembles S. Redfieldianum ; but the shell

is larger, the spiral lines are smaller, and the spire is larger

in proportion at the last whorl.

Sroastoma Petittanum. Shell between globose and dis-

coidal: dingy white: with eight or ten raised slender spiral

lines, of which three or four are visible on the spire, and as

many others which are more minute: spire moderately eleva-

ted, convex: whorls three and one-half, moderately convex,

with a lightly impressed suture; last whorl well rounded :

aperture much contracted behind the labrum, which is but

moderately produced, and is double, with the outer margin

scarcely modified by the larger spiral lines ; labium moder-

ately detached from the penult whorl : umbilicus rather small,

with the spiral lamella but moderately developed.

Mean divergence about 125°; height .04 inch ; greatest

breadth .06 inch ; least breadth .05 inch.

Sroastoma Antuonranum. ‘This shell is like the preceding;

but the ‘spire is much depressed ; the spiral lines are rather

stronger ; and the aperture is very campanulate, the labrum

being very much produced before the deep constriction.

Mean divergence about 145°; height .035 inch; greatest

breadth .07 inch; least breadth .055 inch.

Description of the Serene arcenrea of Lacépéde, a fish

whose existence has been doubted. Read before the

Lyceum of Natural History of New-York, November 26th,

1849. By J. Carson Brevoort. PIV.

Cuvier, in noticing the genus Argyreiosus, (group Ble-

pharide, family Scomberoid@,) in the ixth vol. of the Histoire

Naturelle des Poissons, p. 181, says, ‘‘ The Séléne argentée of

Lacépéde, tom. iv., p. 560, 562, pl. 9, fig. 2,” (or vol. iv., p. 356,

pl. 13, fig. 1, ed. 8vo, 1819,) “established on the authority of

a figure copied by Aubriet, from a sketch by Plumier, is nothing

but an Abacatuia (or Argyreiosus Vomer) which had worn

away its first dorsal and ventrals, and as the Sé/éne quadran-

gulaire of the same author, or the Zeus quadratus of Linneeus,

borrowed from Sloane (Jamaica, tom. i1., p. 290, pl. 251,

fig. 4), is identical with the Chetodon Faber (or Ephippus

Faber), as already shown by Broussonet, the genus Selene

must be entirely stricken out of Ichthology.”

In the above summary mode of disposing of a species,

Cuvier has not noticed the size of the fish figured by Plumier,

nor the long second dorsal fin. Jn the species as about to be re-

established, it will be shown that it is larger than the largest

specimens of A. Vomer ; (of which Cuvier had seen over thir-

ty ;) that it has a longer second dorsal than A. Vomer is ever

known to possess; and, finally, that it actually has the short

first dorsal and ventrals of Plumier’s fish, all which must neces-

sarily prove it to be different from the well-known species

above mentioned. . ;

It must be this species which is said, in the Hist. des Pois-

sons, ix., 186, to attain, near the island of St. Domingo, a

length of two feet, and which is there preserved by smoking

or salting it. The true Argyretosus Vomer is too small and

insignificant for such a purpose.

Description of the Selene Argentea of Lacépéde, Jc. 69

The true Séléne argentée, as figured by Plumier, and de-

scribed by Lacépéde, differs in many essential points from the

A. Vomer, and other species of that genus. The accompany-

ing description was made from three fine specimens, one of

which was procured perfectly fresh from the south shore of

Long-Island, near the city. This last specimen drew atten-

tion from its large size and apparently new characters ; and

two others, in spirits and without labels, were found in the

collections of the Society, which had been there for many

years, but which had been left unnoticed, probably under the

supposition that the specimens were from distant parts. Its

large size alone would have enlisted Cuvier’s attention, whence

I conclude that no specimens of it exist in the cabinets of

Paris.

The figure of it, as given by Lacépéde, and his general de-

scription, were no doubt insufficient data for the establishment

of a new species; but the remarkable prolongation of the

second dorsal in his figure might have led to a doubt as to the

propriety of classing it with A. Vomer. With specimens in

hand, however, enough can be gathered from Lacépéde’s de-

scription to serve in identifying the ‘Jost species.” Plumier

was a close observer of nature, and has not often led natural-

ists astray.

No doubt Cuvier is right in calling the figure of Prince

Maurice (1st part, p. 399) and of Mentzel (p. 31) defective,

either because the original was mutilated, or the draughtsman

careless; but this is certainly not the case with Plumier’s

figure. That the fishermen confound it with the A. Vomer is

very probable. Neither can I account for its omission by Dr.

Dekay, in his Natural History of the Fish of New- York, unless

on the ground that the specimens in the cabinet of the Lyceum,

not being labeled as to locality, he had supposed the species to

be extralimital.

The figure herewith given is of full size, in order to show

70 Description of the Selene Argentea of Lacépéede,

how strongly the characters are marked which distinguish it from

allied species. It would be impossible to imitate its coloring,

which, with the Scomberoids generally, is gorgeous beyond de-

scription, owing to the variously iridescent hues of their silvery

scales.

As for the second species of Selene, described by Lacépéde,

there can be no doubt, as shown by Broussonet, but that it is

the Chetodon Faber of Bloch, or Ephippus Faber of Cuvier.

Genus SELENE 3 Lacépéde (from 2ea%7, the moon).

Body ; much compressed and abbreviated.

Facial outline; nearly vertical, with high occipital

ridge.

Ventrals ; very short and delicate.

First dorsal ; low, with unequal spinous rays, the an-

terior ones longest.

Second dorsal ; with its second ray leng and fila-

mentous.

Anal; resembling second dorsal, with shorter filament.

In the above characters, it will be seen that the low first dorsal and short ven-

trals of Vomer are combined with the long second dorsal! and anal of Argyreiosus.

If these characters are not sufficient to constitute a new genus, then this species

becomes a Vomer. At any rate, it forms a link connecting the two genera.

S. ARGENTEA; Lacépéde.

Sélene argentée ; Lacépéde, tom. iv. p. 560, 562, pl. 9,

fig. 2, ed. 4to, 1798; tom. iv., p. 356, pl. 13, fig. 1, ed. 8vo,

1819.

(Argyreiosus Vomer ; Cuv. and Val., Hist. des Poissons,

vol. ix., p. 181,186. Vide supra.) .

In general appearance and color it resembles Argyretosus

Vomer, and in some respects, Vomer Browniti. 'The body is

very high and compressed, and, in a vertical section, taken at

the sixth spine of the first dorsal, thick above, wedge shaped

below: the height being five times as great as the thickness.

A Fish whose existence has been doubted. vA |

At the small part of the tail, the section is a regular oval,

whose height is one-thirteenth of that at the dorsal. General

profile or outline of body forming an oblique pentagon. The

sides of this pentagon are formed respectively by the facial,

first dorsal, second dorsal, anal, and abdominal regions. The

summits of the angular figure thus formed will be found near

the tip of the lower jaw, occiput, base of second dorsal, centre

of the narrow part of tail, and base of anal. The facial and

anal regions coincide nearly with the sides of this figure, the

others curve outwards. Four sides are very nearly equal, the

first dorsal one being only from ; to { of the others. The an-

gles formed, supposing the sides straight lines, will be 83° at

the snout and caudal; 120°, 124°, and 130° at the occiput,

base of second dorsal, and anal, respectively. The above pro-

portions will serve to reconstruct the outline of the body, the

three specimens varying very little from each other. To this

must be added a low first dorsal, with its four anterior spines

longest, the fin depressible into a furrow, a long filament to the

second ray of the second dorsal reaching beyond the caudal,

the next rays decreasing suddenly, and from the seventh to the

last low and subequal. ‘The anal similar to the second dorsal

in extent and outline, with a filament only one half or one

third as long. The caudal deeply forked, with long narrow

lobes. Pectorals long and falciform. Ventrals exceedingly

small, short, and delicate. Two low spines between the vent

and anal. Eyes large, opercles long and narrow, mouth rather

large, with minute uniform teeth. Scales microscopic, cover-

ing the body only, and part of the base of the first few rays of

the second dorsal and anal. Color: uniform silvery ground,

with beautifully varied iridescent reflections, and a few

faint bands below the lateral line, only visible when fresh.

Base of pectorals, tips of long dorsal, anal, and caudal rays

dusky.

Size: of three specimens, 6:, 63, and 7; inches, or 165, 171,

72 Description of the Selene Argentea of Lacépéde,

and 190; millimetres respectively, measuring from snout to

centre of margin of caudal.

Locality: coast of United States from New-York southerly,

West-Indies, and probably eastern coast of Brazil. One cap-

tured near New-York, October 6th, 1849. Flesh firm, oily,

and mackerel-like.

Formula of fin rays: B: 7——P:18 V:1.5——D:

VII—I. 22 A: II—I. 19——C : 5-9 | 8-s ors | 17 | «.

Particular Description —Head recalls that of Argyreiosus in height and out-

line. Facial outline very slightly incurved. Lower jaw even with the upper.

Teeth very small, forming a narrow band along each jaw nearly to the commissure.

Vomer and pharyngeals furnished with small teeth. Tongue pointed, and with a

narrow band of small teeth along its middle line. A valvular membrane inside of

the anterior portion of each jaw. Upper jaw protractile. A deep and narrow

emargination between the first suborbitals above the tip of the upper jaw, into which

the intermaxillary processes fit when in repose. Nostrils as usual, double, in front

of the lower half of the eye, the upper and posterior one being half way between

the eye and facial line. Eyes large, round, distant a little less than their diameter

from the facial lime, two and a half times the same from the tip of the opercle, and

equidistant from the occiput and tip of lower jaw. First suborbitals very much

developed, extending from the eye to the jaw, where, at the back part of the lower

margin, they slightly cover the maxillaries, and show delicate radiated lines. The

other suborbitals are narrow, and follow the outline of the eye.

Preopercles high and narrow, their posterior margin rounded, and forming an

angle of about 140°. Margin above the angle slightly incurved, below it curving

outwards. Opercles high, with a broadly rounded angle about equal to that of the

preopercle, emarginated above so as to present asecond rounded point, with finely

radiated lines along the angle. Below, the margin is nearly straight. Its width

nearly equal to diameter of eyes. Jnteropercle long and narrow, broadest below.

Subopercle nearly parallel to preopercle. Besides several small raised lines about

the eye, there is one, well marked and in strong relief, rising from the upper end of

the preopercle ; this extends upwards with a double curve, and, approaching the

occiput, it becomes nearly parallel to the dorsal outline, giving out several branches

on its way, and becoming finer until lost half way between the occiput and first

dorsal.

The two first bones of the humeral arch, seen outside behind the opercle, form

the corselet, as in other scomberoids.

The lateral line starts from the junction of the posterior edges of these bones,

and, giving out a few short branches on each side, curves boldly upwards, forming

very nearly the segment of a circle, whose radius equals one fifth ‘of the height of

the body, extending thus about 150° around its centre, and in its course making

several slight undulations, the surface of the body below each of them being slightly

raised, giving it a peculiar corrugated appearance. Having formed the above arc,

A Fish whose existence has been doubted. Tar

it turns with a slightly rounded angle and extends backwards, making a few undu-

lations, but in a straight course to the middle of the caudal fin. It is formed by a

narrow series of small scales, visible to the naked eye, larger than those of the rest

of the body, and standing in relief, becoming narrower and the scales smaller as it

approaches the tail. (The straight part in old specimens appears continued forward

as a light furrow, reaching to near the opercles.) ‘The scales are exceedingly mi-

nute and delicate, hardly distinguishable by the naked eye ; larger towards the tail.

They have an irregular ovoid outline, with from five to twenty concentric strie,

the inside strie being continuous around the centre, the others cut off before

and behind. Some of them show a series of strive on the under side more nearly

circular and less in number than the upper ones. ‘The scales vary from 1-40th to

1-20th of an inch in length. They cover the whole body and tail. The mem-

brane between the 2d and 5th rays of the second dorsal, and between the 2d and

3d rays of the anal, are well covered with scales for some distance from their base.

The pectoral fin is placed just behind and below the angle of the opercle. It

has the elongated falciform outline peculiar to allied genera, and its length is equal

to the short first dorsal region of the pentagonal outline. ‘The upper margin form-

ing a regular curve, while the under one expands from the base and contracts again,

rather suddenly at first, and gradually tapers to a point. The articulation is very

free, the upper part of it lying in a depression or axillary sinus. First and second

rays single, the first subspinous, less than 1-7th the length of the fifth; second sin-

gle, with about 10 articulations, strong, broad, and reaching half way to tip of fin,

with a narrow membrane along its upper exposed margin ; third bifid; fourth trifid ;

fifth longest ; the next ones decreasing suddenly in length, but having more and

more branches; the seventh and eighth having six, whence they decrease more

gradually in length to the last, which is short, single, and delicate. The fin has

eighteen rays.

The ventrals are very short and feeble, closely set together on the lower edge of

the abdomen. ‘The base of the first ray is exactly twice as far from the base of

the second dorsal as it is from the tips of the jaws. Their length is equal to the dis-

tance of the eye from the facial outline. The spine is thin and sharp, not quite as

long as the first soft ray ; the second soft ray longest ; the last connected by a mem-

brane to the body. The fin has one spinous and five articulated rays.

The vent is placed just behind the base of the ventral fins.

The first dorsal is composed of eight spines: the first four are nearer together

than the others, and longer. ‘The whole fin lies in a deep furrow when depressed,

and the four shorter spines hardly appear above it. They are all connected together

by a membrane. . The base of the first is nearer to the second dorsal than to the

occiput ; it is very short, while the second is longest, and equals the diameter of the

eye. ‘The third and fourth are shorter than the second ; the fifth is the shortest in

the fin; the next three are also very short and nearly recumbent, the tip of the last

one being close to the base of the second dorsal.

The second dorsal has one spinous and twenty-two articulated rays, and ex-

tends nearly to the caudal fin. The base of the first ray is placed at the tip of the

uppermost angle of the dorsal line, and the base of the fin is about } the height of

the body. The spine is short, and closely joined to the base of the second ray or

first articulated one, which last is a very long, articulated, and apparently single ray,

stout at first, and gradually tapering to its end, which reaches a little beyond the

74. ~~ Description of the Selene Argentea of Lacépede,

lobes of the caudal. In the specimen before me, its length is a little more than the

distance between its base and the chin. Closely observed it appears bifid, the upper

branch longest. The next ray is less than half the length of the second, and with

about four branches; the other rays decreasing suddenly to the seventh, whence

they are subequal to the last, which is connected by a membrane to the back. The

membrane between the second and fifth rays is covered by scales to a height ex-

ceeding the length of the last rays of the fin. ‘The base of each ray is set in a de-

pression at the dorsal ridge.

The anal spines are two low serratures, quite recumbent, placed between the

vent and anal fin, rather nearer 1o the former, and close behind each other.

The anal fin resembles the second dorsal in size and outline. It is composed of

one spinous and nineteen articulated rays, extending as far back as the second dor-

sal. The base of the first ray forms one angle of the pentagonal outline of the

body, and is equidistant from the chin and base of last ray of the second dorsal.

The base of the Gn equals that of this last mentioned one. The spine resembles

that of the second dorsal, and the second ray or first articulated one is long, stout at

the base, and soon divides into two branches, the anterior longest, and the pos-

terior one again divided ; all three, however, closely joined and tapering to the end.

In one specimen before me, its length is equal to half the distance from its base to

the tip of the upper jaw, while in another it equals three fourths, and in a third,

four fifths of that distance. ‘The third ray is much shorter, much branched ; while

the sixth and succeeding ones are subequal. ‘The base of the last is exactly under

the last of the second dorsal, and has, like it, a small membrane connecting it to

the body.

The first rays of both these fins are nearer together than the others. Scales

are observable between the second and third rays for some distance along the

membrane.

The caudal fin is strong and deeply forked, with two long and narrow lobes.

It has seven small outside rays above, and six below, following which are two long,

stout, broad, single, and articulated rays, tapering to a point at the end of the lobes,

and fifteen branched rays, of which eight are above and seven below the end of the

lateral line. ‘The lower lobe is slightly longer than the upper one, and equals the

length of the pectoral fin. The first branched rays are as long as the large single

ones, the next diminishing rapidly in length, and all, except the four or five centre

ones, closely applied together.

No examination of the internal anatomy was made, as it was not thought pro-

per to mutilate the specimens.

Colors.—The iridescent play of colors in the fresh specimen can not be imitated,

and with difficulty be described. ‘The general ground of the whole fish is brilliant

silvery white or pearly, with reflections of every hue, like that of the finest mother-

of-pearl. The only distinctive marks deserving particular notice are three or four

indistinct, broad, transverse, and vertical bars, of a very pale dusky color, visible

while the specimen is fresh, and extending from the middle of the sides downwards :

the first one directly under thepectoral fin and very faint, the others more apparent.

The iris of the eye is pale golden above and pink below. ‘The axillary sinus of the

pectoral is dark dusky. A narrow dusky edging runs along the margin of the oc-

cipital ridge and of the groove of the first dorsal. ‘The first dorsal rays are pale

dusky ; the membrane colorless. The forward edge of the second dorsal and the

A Fish whose existence has been doubted. 79

filament itself are dusky, with a broad margin of the same along the edge of the fin

as far as the seventh ray, the other rays being merely tipped with dusky, while

the rest of the fin is of a pale flesh color. Pectorals and ventrals colorless. Ante-

rior margin of anal greenish dusky, the long filament of the same color, and the rest

of the fin of a paler hue than the dorsal. Upper part of the body or tail just behind

the second dorsal darker than the rest of the body. Tips of caudal broadly edged

with dusky, the rest of the fin of a pale amber. ‘The occipital region and the jaws

of a pale watery pearl color, the rest of the head strongly iridescent. Body above

the lateral line more iridescent than below.

It is hardly necessary to show the difference between this fish and Argyreiosus

Vomer. ‘The size attained by the Selene is almost enough to draw attention to the

minor specific distinctions. ‘The first dorsal of the Selene is short, as well as the

ventrals, while the second dorsal and anal have along filamentous continuation. In

A. Vomer the first dorsal has a very long filamentous ray, and the five soft rays of

the ventrals are excessively long; the second dorsal and anal being long, but not

filamentous, and not reaching to the caudal lobes. ‘The caudal lobes of Selene are

much longer than those of A. Vomer, the pectorals rather longer also. The profile

of Selene is much more vertical than that of A. Vomer, and the angles of the out-

line more sharply defined. In color, the principal difference is in the ventrals,

which are transparent and colorless in Selene, but nearly black in A. Vomer, and in

the broad indistinct bands on Selene, which are not noticeable in A. Vomer. The

numbers of the fin rays are almost identical in the two species.

The distance from the snout or tip of the upper jaw to the centre of the margin

of the caudal opposite the termination of the lateral line, being measured and divided

into one hundred parts, will give the following proportions, which have been verified

and averaged on the three specimens. ‘These were respectively 64, 62, and 74

inches long, measured as above:

Snout to margin of caudal - - . - - - - 100.

Height of body from base of first dorsal to ventrals - - - 67.

Thickness of body at base of pectorals - - - > - 13.

Snouttoeye °- - - - - - - - - 21.5

Diameter of eye - - - - - - - - - 7.5

Eye from profile - - - - - - - - - 6.

Snout to tip of maxillaries - - - - - - - 12.

Posterior tip of opercle to profile - - - - - - 22.5

Snout to base of pectorals - - - - - - = 39.

Longest ray of pectorals along the curve - - - - 39.

Snout to base ofventrals = - - - - - - - 35.

Longest ray of ventrals - - - - - - - 6.

Snout to base of first dorsal - - - - - - - 63.5

Second spine of first dorsal, long - - - - - - 4

Base of first to base of second dorsal - - - - - 18.

Base of second dorsal, long - - - - - - & 44,

Longest ray of second dorsal - - - - - - 67-78.

Last ray of second dorsal, long - - - - = = 4.

Snout to base ofanal - - - - - - - - 50.

Base of anal, long - = - - - - - - 44.5

76 Description of the Selene Argentea of Lacépéde, &c.

Upper lobe of caudal, measured outside, long - - - - 36.

Lower lobe of caudal, do. do. - . - - 39.

Middle rays of caudal, long - - - - 7-0 fe - 5.9

The Abacatuia of Marcgrave (Piso, Brazil, 161) is the Argyreiosus Vomer.

A curious error is committed by the compilers who used Marcgrave’s materials ;

for at p. 145 of the above work, the description of a so-called Guaperva (the Che-

todon arcuatus) is accompanied by a figure of the A. Vomer, but different from that

on p.161. This description is repeated on p. 178, with the true figure of the Che-

todon arcuatus. Cuvier indicates this error. The A. Vomer is first figured in De

Laet, p. 574, without a description, under the name of Awah-kattoe-jahwe; and in

Piso, de Indie Utriusque, p. 55, it is given again, with a full description. In this

last work it is noticed in such general terms, that the description would apply to

any one of the broad Scomberoids with filamentous rays,* and is spoken of as ex-

cellent food. May it not be that here the Selene is intended, which is large enough,

while the A. Vomer is too small almost to be applied to such a purpose. Again, the

fish said by Mons. Ricord (Cuv. and Val., ix., 186) to be found two feet long at St.

Domingo, must be the Selene, and not the A. Vomer. Plumier appears to have

been the only person who ever drew the Selene from life. His figure was, no doubt,

considered as that of an A. Vomer until distinguished by Lacépéde, who, however,

not having the specimen to describe from, could not give sufficient specific details

to establish the species on a sure basis. Cuvier is, no doubt, right in supposing

Mitchell’s Zeus capillaris and rostratus (Lit. and Phil. Trans., i., 383, pl. 2, fig. 1.,

2) to be identical with each other. I have specimens where the two long fila-

mentous rays of the first dorsal are firmly glued together. He, however, only

gives it one long ray; ours has certainly two, and on this account, as well as from

other specific differences, ought to form a species by itself, which may be called

A. funiculatus.

The high and compressed form of body peculiar to the Blepharidz, enable them,

no doubt, to circulate freely between the long fuci growing on rocky bottoms, where

they find plenty of food, and security from their enemies.

I have been informed, since writing the above, that a fish called the Cavalli, and

appearing to answer to the Sedene, is caught in numbers in the West-Indies, and eaten

with relish ; and that the little A. Vomer, or, more probably, the fish of Mitchill, is

considered a great delicacy.

* No name has yet been given to this group of genera composed of Olistus, Scyris, Blepha-

ris, Gallichtys, Argyreiosus, Selene, Vomer, and Hynnis. Part of the genus Carangus ought,

perhaps, to be added to this group. I would propose the name of Blepharide to distinguish it.

Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of the Land Sueuus

of Jamatca, with Notes on some previously described Species.

By C. B. Avams, Professor of Zoology in Amherst College,

Massachusetts. Read April 21, 1851.

The writer has recently spent some time in Kingston, Ja-

maica, in arranging the land shells of that island, which are

in the collections of the Honorable Hdward Chitty, and in se-

lecting from them materials for the proposed monograph of

Jamaica shells. Among them are several new species and va-

rieties, which have recently been obtained by Mr. Chitty, and

which, with some previously known, are described in this

article.*

Cyclostoma Hillianum, var. LeportLaBRe. This variety

is distinguished by having an abrupt reflection of a small part

of the outer peritreme next above its contact with the penult

whorl. The outer peritreme is also very much expan.led, and

is somewhat sinuate above.

Cyclostoma spinulosum (p. 1 of Contributions to Conch.) is

perhaps identical with C. dincinellum, Lam., if we may judge

from the figures of Lamarck’s species in Kuster’s “ Cyclosto-

macea.”

Cyctostoma Movussonranum. Shell short, globose-conic :

dingy white, with numerous more or less interrupted spiral

reddish brown lines: with more or less crowded transverse

subimbricate lamella, which are decussated by numerous

small spiral ridges, with the intersections well developed into

spines in the angle of the suture: spire with very convex out-

lines ; apex usually truncate with the loss of two whorls; re-

maining whorls three and one-half, very convex; last whorl a

little detached from the penult whorl near the aperture, but

* This and the following articles were prepared by the writer while in Kingston.

MAY, 1851 6

78 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

soldered to it by the outer peritreme: aperture circular; inner

peritreme moderately produced; outer peritreme much ex-

panded, and reflected very convexly back of the plane of the

aperture ; imbricate, slightly and finely scolloped: umbilicus

not very wide, extending through the truncate apex.

Mean divergence about 75°; length .54 inch; greatest

breadth .53 inch; least breadth .58 inch.

Operculum very convex, very closely striated obliquely,

with the spiral lamella moderately raised.

This shell closely resembles C. spinulosum, except in the

outer peritreme and in the operculum, which widely distin-

euish it from the allied species. ‘The operculum, however,

somewhat resembles that of C. anomalum, and the lip is like

that of C. retrorsum.

The species is named in honor of Professor A. H. Mousson

of Zurich, Switzerland.

Cyclostoma amandum (p. 3 of C. C.) is probably identical

with C. scabriculum, Sowb.

Cyclostoma virgineum (p. 90, C. C.) is identical with C.

pisum (p. 9.)

Cyclostoma concentricum (p. 4, C. C.) is not sufficiently

distinct from C. variabile (p. 3, C. C.) to take a higher rank

than that of a variety.

CycLostoma mMuTaTuM. ‘This name is here proposed for é.

articulatum Sowb., inasmuch as Gray in Grifhth’s Cuvier

(1836) had already applied the latter title to a species after-

wards known as C. filoswum Sowb. Sowerby’s C. articulatum

was not established until 1848, and must therefore be dropped.

Cyctosroma CamppeLuu. Shell elongate conic: color 2

with numerous transverse moderately elevated lamelle: apex

acute: spire not truncated, with the outlines but little convex :

whorls six and one-half, quite convex, with a rather deep su-

ture; last whorl at the end much detached from the penult

whorl, and angular above: aperture nearly circular, with the

which inhabit Jamaica. 79

inner peritreme moderately produced, and the outer peritreme

small and expanded into the plane of the aperture : umbilicus

small.

Mean divergence about 40°; length .36 inch; greatest

breadth .2 inch; least breadth .16 inch.

For this.and several other new and interesting species we

are indebted to Archibald Campbell, Esq., of New Hope, West-

moreland.

Cyclostoma xanthostoma and C.tgnilabre have white-

lipped varieties, each of which may be designated by the name

ALBILABRE.

Cyclostoma proximum (p. 8, C. C.) is perhaps only a vari-

ety of C. fascia, Gray.

Cyclostoma nitens (p. 8, C. C.) appears to be connected

with C. Auguste (p. 7, C. C.) by intermediate specimens, and

is probably only a variety. Another variety of C. Auguste

may be designated by the name of restupinEum. Its sculp-

ture is more prominent, and the color is more or less like burnt

umber. It approximates towards C. fascia.

The rufous or red lipped varieties of Cyclostoma Jayanum

and C. August@ may be designated by the name of RuFILABRE.

CycLostoma CuEvauiert. Shell ovate conic: brown, darker

at the summit, white along the suture, around the umbilicus,

and with the peritreme white ; also with several spiral series

of dark brown dots, of which series two on the upper whorls

and three.on the last are most conspicuous: smooth and

shining: spire rather convex, truncated with the loss of more

than two whorls; about four whorls remaining, which are

quite convex, with a moderately depressed suture : aperture

nearly circular; the inner peritreme slightly developed ; outer

peritreme smooth and widely expanded, (especially above and

on the left side,) well appressed to the penult whorl: umbili-

cus very small.

Mean divergence about 45°; length .68 inch; greatest

breadth .48 inch; least breadth .35 inch.

80 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

The operculum is similar to that of C. album, being sub-

spiral, with oblique striz.

Variety aLBum wants the dark brown color, and has the

spiral dotted lines more or less indistinct.

Variety vircatum is dingy or pearl white, with the spiral

dotted lines conspicuous.

This species is named in honor of the botanist M. Chevalier.

Cyclostoma album, var. Fuscum, is distinguished by its

smaller size, brown color, and a less smooth surface.

CycLostoma YALLAHENSE. ‘This species resembles C. hya-

cinthinum (p. 9), which is probably identical with C. Bank-

stanum Sowb. But it is smaller and more slender; the color

is bluish brown, and does not change by age or exposure into

orange near the aperture; the strize are coarser; the oblique

indentations are often obsolete. The operculum is similar to

that of C. hyacinthinum.

Mean divergence about 46°; length .48 inch; greatest

breadth .82 inch; least breadth .27 inch.

Although this shell so much resembles the species with

which we have compared it, a peculiar type is easily recog-

nized in it. The twotypes are geographically remote; this

species inhabiting the east end of the island from Yallahs’

Hill eastward, while the other occurs in the middle of the

south side (Manchester) and westward. Neither species has

been found in the intermediate regions.

CycLostoma sERicinuM. Shell much elongated, conic:

silky white, with four spiral series of brown dots, of which

three appear on the spire; around the umbilicus is a fifth se-

ries less distinct: with crowded regular transverse obtuse fine

raised lines: spire with the outlines moderately convex, trun-

cated with the loss of two whorls ; whorls remaining fuur and

one-half, quite convex, with a rather deep suture: aperture

slightly detached from the penult whorl; inner peritreme in-

which inhabit Jamaica. Si

distinct; outer peritreme moderately expanded, except on the

left side, which is not reflected : umbilicus small.

Mean divergence about 38°; length .62 inch; greatest

breadth .36 inch; least breadth .26 inch.

Inhabits New-Hope, Westmoreland.

Cyciosroma Tappantanum. Shell elongate conoid : brown-

ish orange, with a paler band below the periphery of the last

whorl, with the columella brown: with crowded strong trans-

verse striee, and less strongly impressed spiral strie ; spire

with the outlines moderately convex, truncated with the loss

a moderately impressed suture: aperture ovate, acute above,

whorls; remaining whorls four, slightly convex, with

with the margin not reflected but sharp: umbilicus indistinct.

Mean divergence about 30°; length .41 inch; greatest

breadth .2 inch ; least breadth .18 inch.

Named in honor of the Hon. Benjamin Tappan, of Ohio.

This species was found in a lot of Jamaica shells in the col-

lection of R. G. Marshall, Esq., of Morant Bay.

A variety of Cyclostoma papyraceum has the whorls much

abbreviated ; the last whorl is more abruptly rounded, and the

aperture is consequently shorter. It may be called aBBREVIA-

TUM.

Cychostoma PERPALLIDUM. This name is given to ‘‘No.

20,” described on page 148. Having seen a considerable num-

ber of specimens, all of which very exactly coincide in their

characters, I can no longer hesitate to regard it as a good spe-

cies, although the operculum is yet unknown.

CycLostoma puBiosum. ‘This species differs in one very

striking character from C. swtwrale Sowb.: it wants the keel

next below the suture, in the place of which there is a de-

pression of the upper part of the whorls. We have seen seve-

ral specimens of this species and many of C. suturale, and all

of them conform exactly to their respective types. When the

operculum of C. dubiosum shall have been found, additional

peculiarities may be discovered.

82 Descriptions of New Species antl Varieties of Shells,

Sroastoma Puimippranum. Shell subdiscoidal, convex above:

pale horn color, subtransparent : surface smooth and shining:

spire moderately and convexly elevated : whorls three and one-

half, slightly convex, with a moderately impressed suture ;

last whorl regularly rounded over the periphery, very slightly

detached from the penult whorl near the aperture: aperture

slightly campanulate: labrum slightly produced beyond the

labium, not scalloped: labium in its upper half a little de-

tached from the penult whorl, with the lower half extending

below the penult whorl: umbilicus of moderate size, with the

spiral lamella excessively developed and usually soldered by

its exterior edge to the last whorl, forming over the umbilicus

a Jarge arch, which has an opening rather larger than the

aperture of the shell. Inhabits Ackendown in Westmoreland.

Mean divergence about 130°; height .055 inch; least

breadth .09 inch; greatest breadth .075 inch.

Sroastoma Acassizianum. Shell subdiscoidal : horn color,

subtransparent: with, on the last whorl, four very prominent

sharp caring, viz., one along the periphery, and two below

and one above, the latter appearing only for a short distance

on the penult whorl; with a few fine raised spiral lines on tie

upper part of the whorls and between the caring: spire

slightly elevated: whorls three and one-half, planulate, with

a moderately impressed suture ; last whorl planulate beneath,

near the end rapidly descending and slightly detached from

the penult whorl: aperture very slightly campanulate : labrum

: umbi-

slightly reflected, rounded, not scalloped : labium

licus of moderate size, with the spiral lamella excessively de-

veloped and soldered by its exterior edge to the last whorl,

forming over the umbilicus a large arch, which has an open-

ing much larger than the aperture of the shell. In the only

specimen now before me, there is, around the lip within, a

deposit which contracts the aperture, and rising over the labi-

which inhabit Jamaica. 83

um ina rather thin curved lamella, extends over half the en-

trance to the umbilical arch.

Mean divergence 165°; height .065 inch; least breadth

.095 inch; greatest breadth .118 inch.

A small thick variety of Trochatella pulchella occurs in

Portland, with the spiral ridges remarkably prominent. It

may be designated by the name of muuticarinara. Another

variety occurs at the opposite extremity of the island, at New

Hope in Westmoreland, which is very large, and has the

last whorl well rounded over the periphery, without any keel:

it has no sculpture except the impressed spiral lines on the

spire and on the upper part of the last whorl. The lip is less

expanded than in the type of the species. It may be desig-

nated by the name of nosits.

Of Helicina neritella, a variety, anGULATA, is distinguished

by an angular periphery, and by a double and much thickened

lip.

Grometanta Hinurana. Shell conic-cylindric: white: with,

on each whorl, about 33 to 35 small obtuse ribs, which are

obsolete antericrly and behind the labrum: spire with recti-

whorls:

linear outlines: apex truncate with the loss of

whorls remaining six, very convex, with a deep suture: aper-

ture suborbicular, moderately efiuse : labrum well expanded

and reflected, thin; linguiform part moderately produced ob-

liquely on the side, obtuse: labium well thickened and regu-

larly reflected, slightly disjunct from the penult whorl.

Mean divergence about 11°; length .25 inch; greatest

breadth .085 inch; least breadth .07 inch.

GEOMELANIA PyRamIpATA. Shell elongate conic : whitish:

with, on each whorl, about 28 small obtuse ribs, which, on

the last whorl, terminate a little below the periphery: spire

with rectilinear outlines: apex usually truncate with the loss

of two or three whorls: whorls remaining seven or eight, quite

84 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

convex, with a deep suture: aperture widely ovate, moderately

effuse : labrum rather thin, slightly reflected : linguiform part

obtuse, moderately produced laterally at the lower part of the

right side: labium a little thickened and reflected.

Mean divergence about 15°; length 32 inch; greatest

breadth .11 inch ; least breadth .09 inch.

Geomelania costulosa, G. exilis, G. Hilliana, and G. stri-

osa are as yet unique in the collection of the Hon. Edward

Chitty. G. conica is unique in the Zoological Museum of

Amherst College.

Cylindrella Agnesiana, var. piminuta. We are indebted

to Dr. A. Barrett for this remarkably small variety, with the

following dimensions: length after truncation .67 inch;

breadth .22 inch. In the specimens before us the lip is but

slightly expanded. It inhabits Flamstead, in the Port Royal

Mountains.

CyninpreELLA Ropertst. Shell elongate, fusiform, widest

a little below the middle: pearl white: with, on each side of

the suture, a series of very short transverse prominent ribs,

which abruptly terminate so as to leave a large portion of the

middle of the whorls smooth; ribs about fifteen on each

whorl; the series below the suture being the larger; both

series are continued on the two angles of the produced part

of the last whorl, over on the back part of which each rib is uni-

ted to its opposite by a small lamella: spire with the outlines

quite convex except in the upper third: apex truncate with

the loss of — whorls: whorls remaining nine or ten, planu-

late or slightly concave, with a deep suture ; last whorl widely

disjunct in its last third part from the penult whorl, with an

angle on the right and another on the lower side: aperture

subangular above and below, more angular on the right: lip

rather thin, reflected into the plane of the aperture, moderately

expanded.

Length .37 inch; breadth .095 inch.

which inhabit Jamaica. 85

Named in honor of the Honorable Mr. Roberts of Jamaica,

to whom we are indebted for this and other interesting species.

Cylindrella rosea, var. Fortis. Shell as long as var. ma-

Jor, (p- 21,) but with less diameter and more cylindric.

CyLINDRELLA zonaTA. Shell cylindric in the lower two-

thirds, very robust: pink with a tinge of brown or purple,

with a pearl white zone along the suture; pale brown in the

aperture: with an elegant silky lustre produced by crowded

oblique very fine strie : spire with the outlines convex in their

upper half; apex truncate with the loss of — whorls: whorls

remaining eight, moderately convex, slightly margined on the

lower side, with a moderately impressed suture: aperture

similar to that of C. rosea, but more dilated in the lower part

of the left side, and with the lip less expanded. It resembles

C. cylindrus, but differs in always having a white zone, and

in being often tinged with brown ; it is much more robust : the

aperture of C. cylindrus is more like that of C. rosea than of

this shell.

Length 1.18 inch ; breadth .41 inch.

Cylindrella lata often oceurs with a much elongate sub-

conic form, ‘This variety may be designated by the name

propucta. A specimen is 1.23 inch long and .34 inch broad.

Under Cylindrella Maugert may be comprehended many

types, which differ in color, form, and sculpture. These vari-

eties are very local, being strictly limited to their several dis-

tricts. Bat many of these districts have two varieties. They

all conform with great exactness to a common type, which is

of much less than generic value. The very considerable num-

bers of each variety, their strict conformity to their respective

subtypes, and their geographical distribution, seem to indicate

a specific value in the differences between them. Yet the

number of types is so great and the differences between many

of them are so slight, that we may well hesitate to pronounce

MAY, 18651. 7

86 Description of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

them species. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the

whole group is more comprehensive than a species, while the

several local types are of less than specific value, and that it

is impracticable to recognise in these shells types of the ave-

rage value of species.

In attempting to classify such of the varieties as are now

before us, we have been surprised at the great constancy of

coloring in respect of the kinds and distribution of color. The

differences of color in a given variety are almost wholly in

their greater or less depth.

The following varieties are in the collection of Mr. Chitty,

to whom I am greatly indebted for information respecting

them. ‘There are a few more in the collection at Amherst

College.

a. Dark colored varieties. In this group, the dark colors

fade to a pale brown or cinnamon color.

Var. nigREscENS. Shell robust in the lower part, conic

above: black on the last whorl and on several of the upper

whorls, fading into brown in the middle, with a dingy white

stripe anteriorly and a red lip: with a few striz behind the

lip. In some localities the shell is of medium size and form,

rather more coarsely striate on the last half of the last whorl,

and faintly striated on the first half. Inhabits Portland, and

Manchioneal in St. Thomas-in-the-East.

Var. souipa. Shell very thick and robust: very dark or

blackish brown at both extremities, pale brown along the mid-

dle, with a pure white widening stripe next below the suture

of the last whorl ; pink in the lip and behind it : very coarsely

striated on the last whorl, otherwise feebly striated. In paler

specimens a faint tinge of red is seen on both extremities, and

the lip is white. Inhabits the vicinity of Peace R. in the east

part of Manchester.

Var. Levis. Shell robust but rather thin: livid black in

the upper whorls, pale livid brown along the middle, anteriorly

which inhabit Jamaica. 87

with a rapidly widening pure white stripe, which unites be-

hind the lip with a broad transverse white stripe that runs

through a large triangular black spot; lip white: without

strie. Some pale specimens have a tinge of red along the

middle. Inhabits Kilmarnock, in the east part of Westmore-

land. Inanother part of Westmoreland is a subvariety, in

which the form is less robust, the anterior white stripe is larger

and tinged with yellow, and the transverse white stripe, being

interrupted by the black spot, appears more like a short spiral

stripe: the lip is rather less reflected, and the aperture small-

er and more oblique.

Var. Tricotor. Shell rather robust: very dark brown at

both extremities, with a narrow slowly widening snow white

line next below the suture ; lip rose red, a little whitish where

it joins the penult whorl: with excessively minute striae be-

hind the lip. This appears to be Dr. Pfeiffer’s var. «2, A sub-

variety is more slender, paler at the end, and darker in the

middle, with the aperture less wide. Inhabits Manchester.

Paler specimens occur near Peace R., with the middle whorls

of a dingy pearl color.

b. Light colored fasciate varieties, not distinctly striated

above the middle whorls. In this group pale yellow fades

into a dingy or pearl white, or is replaced by pearl white in

fresh shells.

Var. crassa. Shell rather small, but robust and thick:

dark livid brown at both extremities or bluish grey anteriorly ;

with a thick white lip; with a narrow white stripe next be-

low the suture of the last whorl, and a slender white line on

the anterior keel; otherwise pearl white: with very strong

striz on the back of the last whorl, which diminish in ascend-

ing the spire, becoming microscopic on the middle whorls.

Inhabits Portland.

Var. unicincta. Shell of medium size and form: dingy

pale yellow, whiter and sometimes reddish on the last whorl,

88 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

with a broad dark brown stripe anteriorly ; white on the lip,

with a tinge of rose red behind: finely striate near the end of

the last whorl. Inhabits Manchester.

Var. sicincta. Shell either short and robust, or of medium

size and form: pale yellow in the upper whorls and in the lip

and behind it; on the back of the last whorl pure white with

two brownish black stripes; otherwise pearl white: with fine

strie on the last half of the last whorl. This shell appears

to be similar to Dr. Pfeiffer’s var. y. Inhabits Westmoreland.

Var. concinna. Shell small but robust: on the back of

the last whorl pure white, with a short black brown stripe;

lip white ; otherwise pearl white, more or less tinged with pale

yellow, especially on the middle whorls: slightly striated on

the back of the last whorl. Inhabits Whitney River estate in

the east part of Manchester.

Var. stnvatra. Shell not robust and rather thin, with the

lip remarkably sinuate: of a dingy pearl white, with, on the

last whorl, a fine white line below the suture, and another on

the anterior keel; lip pale red, with a tinge of brown behind:

with excessively fine strie on the back of the last whorl.

Inhabits the east part of Portland.

c. Light colored varieties, not fasciate, and not distinctly

striated above the middle whorls. Changes of color the same

as in the preceding group.

Var. RuFILABRIS. Shell more or less robust, but rather

thin: pearl white, with a tinge of yellow; lip vermilion, some-

times whitish on the inner side: finely striated on the back of

the last whorl. Inhabits Portland.

Var. crrrinA. Shell more or less robust: sulphur yellow ;

sometimes pearl white when the lip is pure white; with a

pure white, well defined, narrow stripe next below the suture ;

tinged with red at the end of the last whorl: with excessively

fine striee behind the lip only. Inhabits Manchester.

Var. fusiformis, Ad. vide Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Jan.

which inhabit Jamaica. 89

1, 1845, p. 14. It is of a pearl or ashy white color. It is

Dr. Pfeiffer’s variety 8.

Var. aupipa. Shell like var. cztrina, but with the white

stripe reduced to an ill-defined line, slightly tinged with yel-

low on the penult whorl, with the red tinge very faint.

Var. vauipa. Shell robust and very thick: pearl white,

with a tinge of yellow on the middle or on all the whorls of

the spire; last whorl whiter, with a pure white stripe on it

next below the suture ; lip pure white and very thick : strongly

striated on the back of the last whorl, finely striated up to the

middle of the shell. Inhabits near Peace R., Manchester.

Var. unicotor. Shell of medium size and form: pale yel-

low or pearl white, with a white lip: strongly striated on the

back of the last whorl, finely striated on the middle whorls.

Inhabits Porus in the east part of Manchester.

d. Strongly striated varieties, light colored, not fasciate.

Var. striaTULA. Shell thick, short, robust: pale greenish

yellow, sometimes with a tinge of pale brown or horn color;

lip white, thick, and well expanded : with fine regular approx-

imate striz, which are obsolete only at the summit.

Var. striata. Shell short, robust: pearl white or pale

horn color ; with a white, much expanded, but rather thin lip:

aperture not oblique: with fine regular, rather distinct strie,

which are obsolete only at the summit. Inhabits Waterloo in

the back part of Manchester.

Var. corpuLenta. Shell large and robust, but moderately

thickened: pearl white, sometimes with a tinge of red on the

upper whorls and anteriorly ; lip white; with a large irregular

black spot behind the lip: coarsely striated near the end of the

last whorl; otherwise with the strie of the lower half of the

shell most lightly impressed. Inhabits St. Elizabeth.

- Var. rusca. Shell short, robust, but moderately thick-

ened: pale umber color, darker near the end of the last whorl;

lip white: lightly striated on the upper whorls; in the rest

90 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

regularly and rather coarsely striated. Inhabits Maroon Town

in Hanover.

Var. conica. Shell widest in the penult whorl: white,

with a tinge of red at both ends.

e. Tesselated varieties.

Var. TesseLatTa. Shell rather robust: covered with alter-

nate rectangular spots of cream color and amber, which ter-

minate anteriorly at the cream colored keel ; black behind the

lip, which is white: smooth above, lightly striated on the

lower whorls, and coarsely striated on the black part of the

last whorl. Inhabits St. Elizabeth.

Var. cinEREA. Shell of medium size and form: pale ash

color; black at the summit: with transverse broad umber

stripes, which are numerous and deeply colored on the upper

whorls, distant and pale on the middle whorls, and obsolete on

the last whorl ; with a dark brown line along the suture and

another on the anterior keel; lip white, with a black stripe

behind on the right, and a black spot behind on the left : back

of the last whorl distinctly striated, otherwise very lightly

striated. Inhabits near Accompong town, in the borders of

St. Elizabeth, St. James, and Trelawney.

f. Aberrant slender forms.

Var. craciuis. Shell quite slender: pearl white, with a

pure white keel and lip: at the end of the last whorl coarsely

striated ; otherwise with excessively minute strie.

Var. iwrecra. Shell quite slender: dull white, with a

clear white lip: striee very oblique, quite distinct on the last

whorl, very minute on the spire. ‘The only specimen before

me is not truncated. Inhabits Maroon Town in Hanover.

We have been assured by Robert Swift, Esq., and by

Rev. E. Hartvig, of St. Thomas, (W. Ind.,) that Cylindrella

Maugeri does not occur in that island.

The following forms of Cylindrella belong to the group, of

which inhabit Jamaica. 91

which C. Dunkeri is the type. The differences, although

very constant, are small, except in size. In this respect the

differences are both greater and less constant. Since however

the peculiarities extend to many characters, as size, general

form, form of the whorls and of the aperture, the sculpture,

and color, we regard them provisionally as species, although

it must be acknowledged that the varieties of C. Maugeri

have nearly as good a claim to this rank. The same general

remarks on their distribution might be made, as in the case

of C. Maugeri.

CYLINDRELLA PRINCEPS. Shell like C. Dunkeri, but differ-

ing in the following characters: it is much larger; is of a

reddish brown or horn color ; the striz are much finer, being

nearly microscopic ; the whorls are flat: aperture elliptical

and angulated at the lower extremity; lip quite thick: it

loses about eight whoris by truncation and has twelve remain-

ing. Inhabits Swift R. head, St. George. Length .98 inch ;

breadth .15 inch.

CyLINDRELLA ELATIOR. ‘This is also a larger Shell than C.

Dunkert, thicker, and strongly striated, with the whorls more

planulate : it is much longer and more slender than C. rubra.

Inhabits Westmoreland. Length .93 inch; breadth .13 inch.

Achatina striosa is possibly only a variety of Bulimus

octonoides with the columella truncated.

Acuatina Proxima. Shell conic but slender: very pale

brown or horn color ; with dark brown transverse stripes, about

three on each whorl, less distinct on the upper whorls: with

fine regular transverse small elevated lamelle : apex moder-

ately obtuse, smooth on the nuclear whorls: spire long, with

the outlines nearly rectilinear: whorls eight, planulate, ab-

ruptly shouldered above, with a rather deep suture: aperture

small, ovate: labrum thin and sharp: columella nearly

straight. This shell resembles A. Blandiana. Its divergence

92 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

in the upper whorls is less than in that shell, but its mean

divergence is greater.

Mean divergence about 18°; length .3885 inch; breadth

.095 inch ; length of aperture .11 inch. Inhabits near Swift

River head, Portland.

Acnatina souirarta. Shell elongate, ovate conic: pale

brown ; with dark brown transverse lines, about three on each

whorl, wanting on the first two or three whorls: with excess-

ively minute crowded transverse strize: spire with the out-

lines a little convex: apex rather small: whorls eight, mod-

erately convex, slightly shouldered, with a rather deep suture ;

last whorl subplanulate, long: labrum thin, sharp, a little

produced in the middle: columella well produced and turning

a little to the left.

Mean divergence about 20°; length .52 inch; breadth .15

inch; length of aperture .185 inch. Inhabits New Hope,

Westmoreland.

Sprraxis Brevis. Shell long-ovate: pale horn color, trans-

lucent: shining, smooth anteriorly, otherwise with rather

numerous microscopic striz: spire with the outlines moder-

ately curvilinear: apex rather small: whorls six, moderately

convex, with a well impressed suture: aperture ovate: la-

brum thin and sharp: columella with the edge moderately

projected into the aperture.

Mean divergence about 20°; length .19 inch ; breadth .07

inch ; length of aperture .08 inch.

The variety of Spiraxis aberrans, which was described on

page 88 as destitute of the transverse brown stripes, may be

designated by the name uNIcoLor.

Bulimus mirabilis and B. anomalus may be referred to the

genus Spiraxis.

Buuimus norrensis. Shell much elongate, conic; horn

which inhabit Jamaica. 93

color, (or black in the upper whorls, and lemon yellow in the

lower whorls, when containing the animal alive): with nu-

merous microscopic striz: spire with the outlines nearly rec-

tilinear : apex small: whorls eight or nine, moderately convex,

with a well impressed suture: aperture very thin and sharp:

columella straight. The whorls are proportionally shorter,

and the aperture is wider than in B. subula, Pfr., the revolu-

tion of the whorls being much less oblique. It nearly resem-

bles B. octonoides.

Mean divergence about 18°; length .42 inch; breadth .12

inch ; length of aperture .12 inch. Inhabits gardens ia King-

ston.

Buuimus macrospira. Shell much elongated, conic: pale

horn color, or brownish, with a few scattering stripes of dark

brown: shining, with excessively minute distant striae: spire

with the outlines a little concave above, otherwise slightly

curvilinear : apex obtuse, rather small: whorls twelve, a little

convex, with a well impressed suture; last whorl short: ap-

erture ovate, rather wide: labrum thin and sharp: columella

nearly straight.

Mean divergence about 18°; length .8 inch; breadth .22

inch ; length of aperture .2 inch. Inhabits Maroon Town, in

St. James.

Helix Chittyana, var. Bicotor, is distinguished by a white

lip, and by having the whole lower surface, except the whitish

zone at the periphery, of a blackish brown.

A series of specimens connects H. cara with H. amabilis

so closely, that the latter cannot be entitled to rank as more

than a variety. Some which have the color of H. cara, and a

well elevated spire, but otherwise resemble H. amabilis, may

be called var. MEDIA.

Heurx Swarsontana. Shell depressed, conic, subplanu-

late beneath ; with a moderately sharpened periphery, on both

MAY, 1851. 8

94 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

sides of which the outline is convex : dingy or brownish white ;

with an ill defined infrasutural line of dark brown, commencing

a little below the apex, and a spiral stripe of the same color

below the middle of the whorls, commencing at the middle of

the spire, and another stripe on the last whorl below the pe-

riphery ; with the lip white : indistinctly granulated ; with fine

irregular strie of growth: spire convex, moderately elevated :

whorls nearly five, concave in the lower part, in the rest con-

vex, with the suture lightly impressed: aperture transversely

ovate or elliptical, with the lip well reflected backwards, and

much thickened, with three teeth on the lower side, of which

the outer pair are joined together at base, and all of which

have corresponding external furrows: umbilicus deep, partly

covered by the expanded and thickened columella. Inhabits

Westmoreland.

Greatest breadth 1.13 inch; least breadth .98 inch ; height

.6 inch; diameter of umbilicus .2 inch.

Helis ingens, Var. IMPERFORATA, Without an apparent um-

bilicus, is more common than the umbilicated type. Another

variety, inpicna, is of much less size, and is much less acute

at the periphery. It is also imperforate.

“» HeErx consaneurnea. Shell depressed, rather more convex

above than below: very dark reddish brown, with a pale

brown or dingy white lip; often with a pale stripe on the pe-

riphery: finely but strongly granulated on both sides: spire

regularly convex: whorls rather more than four and one-half,

moderately convex, a little depressed at the lower side next

the suture; last whorl with a narrow not very prominent

keel on the periphery : aperture transversely ovate, much di-

lated, and produced laterally ; labrum well reflected back-

wards, and thickened, with four teeth below, of which three

have corresponding deep external furrows, labium closely ap-

pressed but thick: umbilicus rather narrow, deep, partly co-

vered with the dilated columella. Inhabits Portland.

which inhabit Jamaica. 95

Greatest breadth 1.08 inch ; least breadth .94 inch.

A variety, ImpeRFoRATA, is larger, rather less depressed,

and without an open umbilicus. It inhabits Swift River

head, in St. George. Another variety, cartnaTa, is more

sharply and prominently carinated at the periphery. It in-

habits the other end of the island, at Belle Isle, in Westmore-

land.

Helix anomala, var. pALLESCENS, is horn colored, some-

times with a reddish brown tinge, without a white line on the

periphery. The umbilicus is somewhat narrower, and the

shell is higher in the last whorl. It inhabits Accompong Town,

in the back part of St. Elizabeth. Another variety, convexa,

is remarkably convex on both sides, especially beneath, and

has a very narrow umbilicus. It inhabits the borders of Man-

chester and St. Elizabeth.

Helix Bainbridge, var. previosa, differs from the ordinary

type of the species in being white, with an exceedingly thin

greenish epidermis on the last whorl; the lip is of a very pure

snow white color; and the last whorl is larger and higher.

Hewix Bupprana. Shell subglobose, obliquely ellipsoidal:

white, with a very thin yellowish brown epidermis: with very

fine strie of growth ; some specimens have, on the last whorl,

lightly impressed microscopic spiral lines, and rarely its sur-

face is microscopically punctulated: spire convex: apex very

obtuse: whorls nearly four and one-half, convex, with a

rather deep suture: last whorl very large and globose: aper-

ture rather large, with a semicircular outline on the right,

and a sinuate outline on the left: labrum thin and sharp:

labium with a dilated closely appressed deposit: umbilicus

wanting. Allied to H. tunicata and H. munda. Inhabits

Westmoreland.

Greatest breadth .65 inch; least breadth .55 inch; height

.O8 inch.

96 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

Named in honor of my Conchological friend, Dr. B. W.

Budd, of New-York City.

Fresh specimens of Helix Blandiana have reddish brown

transverse ill defined stripes alternating with pale brown

spaces.

Hewix putcnrior. Shell subconic, rather thin: of a very

light burnt-sienna color, sometimes with a tinge of cream

color, on which are more or less numerous ill defined unequal

transverse lines of a rich dark burnt-sienna; often with a

tinge of ash color on the upper whorls; with a spiral rather

dark line of the burnt-sienna a little below the suture, above

which the transverse dark lines rarely extend; with another

very dark spiral stripe of the same color along the suture and

on the periphery of the last whorl; with a well defined large

very dark circular spot of the same color on the umbilical re-

gion, which is sometimes margined by a pale circle, exterior

to which is a line of rather dark burnt-sienna ; sometimes

with a fine spiral line of the same color on each side of the

periphery : surface moderately shining, with fine close striz

of growth: spire with the outlines moderately curvilinear :

whorls five, a little convex ; last whorl subangular on the per-

iphery : aperture wider than long: lip thin and rather sharp,

slightly reflected : umbilicus wanting. This most richly col-

ored of the Jamaica Helices is allied to H. subconica. In-

habits Portland.

Greatest breadth .65 inch ; least breadth .57 inch ; height

.O inch. 4

A variety has the dark umbilical spot margined with a

circle of bright cream color, with another stripe of the same

next below the dark periphery. It inhabits St. Thomas-in-the-

Kast.

Hettx Jacopensts. Shell depressed conic, transversely

ovate: yellowish horn color: with very fine well impressed

crowded striz of growth: spire with the outlines but little

which inhabit Jamaica. ° 97

convex : whorls four and one-half to five, a little convex, with

a moderately impressed suture ; last whorl subangular: aper-

ture transversely ovate, laterally dilated: lip but little re-

flected and thickened except in the columellar part, which is

well thickened, reflected, and appressed : umbilicus wanting.

In form this shell most resembles a very depressed H. fusco-

cincta, but is much more dilated laterally near the aperture.

Greatest breadth .94 inch ; least breadth .75 inch ; heighth

6 inch.

This species is named for its habitat, the parish of St.

James.

Heuix spreta. Shell orbicular, moderately depressed :

very pale horn color, translucent : smooth : spire with the out-

lines a little curvilinear : whorls five, quite convex, shouldered,

with a rather deep suture ; last whorl well rounded : aperture

sublunate : labrum thin and sharp: umbilicus rather narrow

and deep. This species is best described by comparison with

HI. peraffinis and H. Boothiana. Above, the spire is nearly

as much depressed as in the former species : beneath, the last

whorl is nearly as convex as in the latter, while the umbilicus

is as wide as in the former; the aperture is not so wide as in

H. peraffinis nor so high as in H. Boothiana.

Greatest breadth .25 inch; least breadth .22 inch; height

17 inch.

Variety Errans differs from the above, in having the whorls

less shouldered and consequently the suture less deep, and in

having the region around the umbilicus somewhat thickened

internally so as to be opaque.

Helix epistylium var. minor differs from the common type

of the species in being much smaller, with a more rounded

outline ; beneath it is considerably more convex ; the surface

is less shining. Greatest breadth .52 inch; least breadth .49

inch; height .45 inch. It inhabits Westmoreland. At the

opposite extremity of the island, in Portland, H. epistylium is

98 Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Shells,

represented by a variety which is more variable in size, and

the small mature specimens are nearly intermediate between

var. minor and the common large type, which inhabits Man-

chester and other middle parts of the island. At Easington

in St. David’s, is another variety, distinguishable from the

small specimens, which occur in the neighboring district of

Portland, by the entire absence of any internal Jamina or

teeth. It may be called peLaminaTa.

The same name, DELAMINATA, may be given to a variety of

A. osculans which wants the internal lamina.

Proserpina nitida vay. PLanuLava is distinguished by be-

ing much flattened above.

Descriptions of New fresh-water Suriis which inhabit Ja-

maica. By C. B. Apams. April, 1851.

Puysa Jamartcensis. Shell long ovate, acuminate: brown-

ish horn color: with microscopic strie of growth, and some

lightly impressed microscopic spiral strie : apex acute : spire

well lengthened, with the outlines slightly curvilinear, with a

well impressed suture: aperture long ovate: lip thin. -

Length of aperture .52 inch; total length .48 inch; breadth

.20 inch.

This species was found plentifully in a tank at Malvern,

more than 1000 feet high, in the isolated group of the St.

Cruz Mountains in St. Elizabeth. The structure of the coun-

try for many miles in every direction is such that no water is

ever seen standing on the surface. Through innumerable sub-

terranean fissures rain immediately percolates to unseen depths.

Artificial tanks are therefore the only places where fresh water

which inhabit Jamaica. 99

shells can exist in this region. We are quite ignorant of the

manner in which this species was introduced to its habitat.

Nera Jamaicensis. Shell obliquely ellipsoidal, rather

thin: white near the apex: otherwise covered with violet,

which is sometimes tinged with dark gray, with lighter and

darker shades in spiral bands, and is more or less interrupted

by lines of growth and irregular white spots: surface smooth

and shining: apex rather prominent: spire convex: whorls

nearly three, with a fine but well impressed sutural line: la-

bium smooth, moderately thickened.

Length of spire .07 inch; height .3 inch ; breadth .32 inch.

Neritiva TENEBRICOSA. Shell obliquely ellipsoidal, rather

thin: black, with numerous angular translucent spots of horn

color: white on the labium, blue within the aperture: with

numerous excessively fine spiral and incremental strive : apex

quite prominent: spire convex : whorls two and one-half, with

a very fine but well impressed sutural line: labium smooth,

moderately thickened. Inhabits Black River.

Length of spire .06 inch; height .56 inch; breadth .41.

It affords us much pleasure to find two new fluviatile spe-

cies of this genus in the Jamaica Fauna. With the excep-

tion of NV. punctulata, all the other species are strictly marine,

living upon the open sea-shore. If authors are correct in

stating that St. Domingo is the habitat of N. punctulata, that

species is the only fluviatile shell in Jamaica, belonging to a

genus of well characterized species, which is not peculiar to

the island. Possibly Lamarck’s statement of habitat is erro-

neous, arising from the shells having gone to France by way

of St. Domingo,

100 Remarks on the Habitats

Remarks on the Habitats of certain species of Uanp Suetts.

By C. B. Avams, Professor of Zoology in Amherst Col-

lege, Massachusetts, and Epwarp Curry, Chairman of

Quarter Sessions, Jamaica. April, 1851.

In the following catalogue of the shells of Jamaica, some

speies care enumerated which we have not yet been able to

find in the island. Some described species are coubtfully

identified with our specimens. Others. which are clearly iden-

tical with Jamaica shells, have been referred by authors to

other habitats. In the hope of eliciting information from any,

who may be more particularly acquainted with the facts, we

invite the attention of our readers to such species.

The following species, said to inhabit Jamaica, we have

not found. Cyclostoma labeo has been described by many

authors as a Jamaica species. It is very unlike any shell that

we have seen or heard of in Jamaica. Cyclostoma asperu-

lum, Sowb., may perhaps be identical with some of our shells.

Its affinities confirm the statement of its habitat. As to Cy-

clostoma corrugatum, see C. C., page 141.

Trochatella Greyana Pfr. and Helicina Gosset Pfr. we

have not identified. Helicina picta Fer., said to occur both

in Martinique and in Jamaica, we have excluded from the

catalogue. Cylindrella alabastrina Pfr., a sinistrorsal vari-

ety of C. Humboldtiana Pfr., and a uniformly white variety

of C. variegata Pir., Cuban species, are also said to occur in

Jamaica, but we have not yet identified them.

Bulimus rufescens Gray and Helix Martiniana Pfr. are

also unknown to us. The latter is referred to Jamaica on

the authority of Attanasio, a dealer who collected some of

the shells of Jamaica during a visit to the island. On the

same authority H. Okeniana Pfr. is said to occur at Savanna-

la-mar. Having seen a specimen kindly loaned to us by Mr.

Cuming, we think it distinct from any of our shells. It ap-

‘

of certain Land Shells. 101

pears to be a Jamaica type. Helix angustata Fer. is said to

occur both in Hayti and in Jamaica. (Mke. in Zeitschr. f.

Malak. 1845, p. 61.) We have never seen it in this island.

We are also somewhat doubtful of the identity of Cyclos-

toma lincinellum Lam. with C. spinulosum Ad., and of C.

Banksianum Sowb. with C. hyacinthinum Ad.

"Several species of Jamaica shells, described by Mr. Sow-

erby, are said by him, on the authority of Mr. G. C. Bain-

bridge, of Liverpool, to inhabit Demerara. To the species

mentioned by us on pp. 47-9, and p. 108, (Cont. Conch.) may

be added Cyclostoma mirabile Wood, if, as we now suppose,

that species is identical with C. decussatulum Ad. In the ab-

sence of direct information concerning the shells of Mr. Bain-

bridge, we must be allowed to doubt whether species, which

inhabit the rocky mountains of Jamaica, do also inhabit Dem-

erara.

The following species also are known to us to inhabit Ja-

maica, but are said to occur in other islands: Cylindrella

brevis Pfr. in Martinique and Cuba; Achatina leucozonias in

Martinique ; Dominicensis in Hayti; and A. venusta var.

unicolor Pfr. in Demerara. We mention only those examples

which are most likely to be erroneously referred to other

islands.

We suppose the following species, which have been de-

scribed by one of us, to be natives of Jamaica, but they are

not certainly known to us as such. Cyclostoma Newcombia-

num was received from Dr. Newcomb as a Jamaica shell.

Cyclostoma aurora formed a part of a valuable collection of

the shells of Jamaica, which had been made by the late Mrs.

W. J. Wilkinson. Cyclostoma Tappanianum was presented

to us by R. G. Marshall, Esq., of Morant Bay, being the only

terrestrial species in a small collection of supposed Jamaica

shells, which belonged to the late Mr. Houseman, a musician,

in Kingston.

MAY, 1861, 9

The following errata occur in No. 2: On p. 55 erase the

13th line. At the bottom of p. 56, we neglected to mention

Cyclostoma asperulum as belonging to the group of shells

there mentioned.

CATALOGUE

OF THE

LAND SHELLS WHICH INHABIT JAMAICA.

APRIL,

. Chittyi

. amabile

. Hillianum Ad.

BY OG. B. ADAMS,

PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY, ETC., IN AMHERST COLLEGE, MASSACHUSETTS,

1851,

FAMILY CYCLOSTOMIDZ.

CYCLOSTOMA.

. anomalum Ad.

§ 2.

. pulchrum Wood.

. fimbriatulum Sowb.

var. docens Ad.

yar. albinodatum Ad.

Ad.

yar. aculeosum Ad.

var. leporilabre Ad.

. lincinellum Lam.

Syn. (?) C. spinulosum Ad.

. Moussonianum Ad.

. scabriculum Sowb.

Syn. C. amandum Ad,

. lincinum Linn.

lima Ad.

. Blandianum Ad.

13. C. retrorsum Ad.

14, C. pisum Ad.

. pulchrius

. mirabile

Syn. C. virgineum Ad.

§ 3.

variabile Ad.

var. concentricum Ad. *

intermedium Ad.

. Grayanum Ad.

Syn. C. obscurum Gray.

serriferum Ad.

granosum Ad.

Syn. C. nodulosum Ad.

var. aberrans Ad.

Ad.

Syn. C. Binneyanum Pfr,

. mutatum Ad.

Syn. C, articulatum Sowb.

Wood.

Syn. (?) C, decussatulum Ad,

. mirandum Ad.

. moribundum Ad.

. Monstrosum Ad.

104 Catalogue of the Land Shells

§ 4. § 7.

26. C. Vilkinsoni Ad. 48. C. Yallahense Ad.

27. C. modestum Ad. 49. C. lamellosum Ad.

28. C. Campbelli Ad. 50. C. tectilabre Ad.

29. C. avena Ad. .

30. C. Shepardianum Ad. § 8.

31. C. xanthostoma Sowb. 51. C. pauperatum Ad.

a. var. albilabre Ad. 52. C aitulane A A

32. C. tenuistriatum Ad. eth ;

ser 53. C. crenulosum Ad.

33. C. ignilabre Ad. C rood

a. var. albilabre Ad. 54. C. columna Wood.

Syn. (?) ©. 5-fasciatum Ad.

§ 5. 55. C. Saulize Sowb.

34. C. Newcombianum Ad. 56. C. sericnum Ad.

35. C. fascia Gray. 57. C. maritimum Ad.

a. yar. proximum Ad. 58. C. aurora Ad.

36. C. Auguste Ad. 59. C. Tappanianum Ad.

sag beck ea ee ae cd 60. C. Adamsi Pfr.

zs ae, rufilabre Ad. 61. C. fecundum Ad.

37. C. sagittiferum Ad. oe Oe, distinctum Ad.

38. C. thysanoraphe Sowb. 62. C. Griffithianum Ad.

39. C. Jayanum Ad. 63. C. mordax Ad.

Syn. C. solidum Ad. non Mke. 64. C. muticum Ad.

a. var. rufilabre Ad. 65. C. armatum Ad.

b. var. nigrilabre Ad.

40. C. Redfieldianum Ad. 66. C. papyraceum Ad.

Ab. Ge labee Mull. a. var. abbreviatum Ad.

42. C. Humphreysianum Pfr. $50:

Syn. C. pictum Sowb. =

43. C. interruptum Lam. non 67. C. Duffianum Ad.

Tplece 68. C. corrugatum Sowb.

Syn. C. ambiguum Deless. 69. C. jugosum Ad.

Chenu. non Lam. 70. C. pallescens Ad.

44. C. Coa. a 71. C. subrugosum Sowb.

a. var. albu ; i

b var. virgatum Ad, 72. C. Jamaicense Chem.

73. C. seminudum Ad.

§ 6. 74. C. varians Ad.

45. C. album Lam. 75. C. crassum Ad.

a. var. fuscum Ad. 76. GC. ‘pallid Ad.

46. C. Bronnii Ad. earn

i 77. C. asperulum Sowb.

a. var. fuscolineatum Ad. ,

47. C. Banksianum Sowb. 78. C. dubiosum Ad.

a yar. hyacinthinum Ad. 79. C. suturale Sowb.

which inhabit Jamaica. 105

STOASTOMA. HELICINA.

a; $1.

. Agassizianum Ad. 105. H. palliata Ad.

. Philippianum Ad. a. var. labiosa Ad.

106. H. Brownii Gray.

§ 2. 107. H. consanguinea Ad.

a. var. soror Ad.

82. S. Gouldianum Ad. 108. H. hirsuta Ad.

83. 8. Vilkinsoniz Ad. 109. H. microstoma Ad.

84. 8. Tappanianum Ad. 110. H. Hollandi Ad.

85. 8. Blandianum Ad. 111. H. pusilla Ad.

86. S. Hollandianum Ad. 112. H. macilenta Ad.

87. S. Anthonianum Ad. $2

88. 8. Fadyenianum Ad. :

Sel, Besadadn 5 Ad, Se Se aye:

90. S. Pfeifferianum Ad." Tae H. eae ri pe 7

os eumeanem Ad 115. H. albolabris Ad.

oe 8 Chttyann Ad, 116. H. citrinolabris Ad.

ee 117. H. dubiosa Ad.

94. 8. Lindsleyanum Ad. A ware? titenmee Ad.

95. S. Redfieldianum Ad. 118. H. solitaria Ad.

96. 8S. Moricandianum Ad. Syn. H. Guildingiana Pfr.

97. S. Jayanum Ad. 119. H. affinis Ad.

98. S Leanum Ad. 120. H. megastoma Ad.

121. H. Gossei Pfr.

LUCIDELLA. i

122. H. Adamsiana Pfr.

99. L. aureola Gray. 123. H. depressa Gray.

a. yar. granulosa Ad. Syn. H. Leana Ad

a. var. valida Ad.

124. H. lineata Ad.

TROCHATELLA. $4

100. T. Tankervillii Gray. 125. H. neritella Lam.

| l l : a. var. angulata Ad.

* Ve ms eg Ad. 126. H. ampliata Ad.

b. var. nobilis Ad. 127. H. Jamaicensis Sowb.

102. T. Grayana Pfr. 128. H. aurantia Gray.

103. T. Josephine Ad.

a. var. pulchra Ad, § 5.

104. T. tenuis Ad. 129. H. costata Sowb.

106 Catalogue of the Land Shells

TRUNCATELLA. 141, G. expansa Ad.

130. T. scalaris Mich. 142. G. affinis Ad.

Syn. T. Cumingii Ad. 143. G. media Ad.

Syn. T. costata Pfr. 144, G. vicina Ad.

131. T. modesta Ad.

132. T. Adamsi Pfr. $3.

Syn. T. scalariformis Ad. 145. G. minor Ad.

133. T. succinea Ad. 146. G. Hillana Ad.

147. G. exilis Ad.

GEOMELANIA. $4

it 148. G. pauperata Ad.

134. G. Greyana Ad. 149. G. Beardsleana Ad.

§ 2. 150. G. pygmea Ad.

135. G. fortis Ad. § 5.

136. G. Jamaicensis Pfr. 151. G. conica Ad.

137. G. magna Ad. 152. G. pyramidata Ad.

138. G. procera Ad. $6.

139. G. gracilis ae 153. G. costulosa Ad.

a. var. parva Ad. :

140. G. typica Ad. 154. G. striosa Ad.

a var. pygmea Ad. 155. G. elegans Ad.

FAMILY HELICIDZ.

CYLINDRELLA. $3.

ee 164. C. seminuda Ad. 9

56. C. gracilis Wood. 165. C. Robertsi Ad.

157. C. elongata Chem. 166. C. costulata Ad.

Syn. ©. Cumingli Ad. 167. C. costulosa Ad.

Syn. C. Chemnitziana (Helix) Fer.

§ 4,

§ 2.

168, C. Hydeana Ad.

158. C, Agnesiana Ad. Syn. Bulimus Gossei Pfr.

a, var. diminuta Ad.

159. C. alba Ad. § 5.

a var. striatula Ad. 169. C.”Gossei Pfr.

160. C. subula Fer.

[i61. C. alabastrina Pfr.

162. C. Humboldtiana, var. 6 Pfr.

163. C. variegata, var. y Pfr.]

170. C. Maugeri Wood.

a. yar. nigrescens Ad.

b var. solida Ad.

c. yar. levis Ad.

d yar. tricolor Ad.’

segeeegaeyoszaneer READ

11. -C.

i72., €.

173. C.

174, C.

175. C.

176.' 0:

Ps.0C.

L7S7C,

£792 C.

Cc.

180. C.

181.0.

182. C.

183. C.

184. C.

185. C.

186. C.

which inhabit Jamaica.

var. crassa Ad.

var. unicincta Ad.

yar. bicincta Ad.

var. concinna’ Ad.

yar. sinuata Ad.

yar. rufilabris Ad.

yar. citrina Ad.

yar. fusiformis Ad.

yar. albida Ad.

‘var. valida Ad.

yar. unicolor Ad.

var. striatula Ad.

var. striata Ad.

var. corpulenta Ad.

var. fusca Ad.

var. conica Ad.

var. tesselata Ad.

yar. cinerea Ad.

var. gracilis Ad.

var. integra Ad.

§ 6.

Hollandi Ad.

var. Auguste Ad.

procera Ad.

montana Ad.

rosea Pfr.

var. magna Ad.

var. major Ad.

var. fortis Ad.

var. ambigua Ad.

cylindrus Chem.

rubella Ad.

zonata Ad.

aspera Ad.

brevis Pfr.

var. obesa Ad,

var. columna Ad.

var. intermedia Ad.

Gravesii Ad.

lata Ad.

var. producta Ad.

nobilior Ad.

carnea Ad.

var. cerina Ad,

sanguinea Pfr.

pupeformis Ad.

§ 7.

humilis Ad.

187. C. inornata Ad. :

188. C. simplex Ad.

§ 8.

189. C. pusilla Ad.

190. C. rubra Ad.

191. C. elatior Ad.

192, C. prmceps Ad.

193. C. Dunkeri Pfr.

194. C. similis Ad.

195. C. tenella Ad.

196. C. tenera Ad.

ACHATINA.

197. A. solitaria Ad.

198. A. ligata Ad.

199. A. Jamaicensis Pfr.

200. A. procera Ad.

201. A. Griffithii Ad.

202. A. Philippiana Pfr.

203. A. elegans Ad.

204. A. venusta Ad.

205. A. leucozonias Walch.

206. A. Dominicensis Gm.

207. A. nitida Ad.

208. A. angiostoma Ad.

209. A. Ingallsiana Ad.

210. A. unicolor Ad.

211. A. Gayana Ad.

212. A. nemorensis Ad.

213. A. similis Ad.

214. A. Phillipsu Ad.

215. A. arcuata Pi.

216. A. puella Ad.

217. A. tenera Ad.

218. A. longispira Ad. |

219. A. proxima Ad,

220. A. Blandiana Ad.

221, A. propinqua Ad.

107

108 Catalogue of the Land Shells

222. A. osculans Ad. § 2."

223. A. perplexa Ad. 253. B. rufescens Gray.

224. A. Gossei_ Pfr. 254. B. erubescens Pfr.

225. A. costulata Ad. 255. B. immaculatus Ad.

226. A. gracilior Ad. 256. B. zebra Mill.

227. A. costulosa Ad. Syn. B. undatus Brug.

228. A. curvilabris Pfr. § 3.

229. A. vicina Ad. 257. B. macrospira Ad.

230. A. pellucens Ad.

231. A. levis Ad. PUPA.

232. A. micans Ad. i

233. A. iota Ad. $1.

234. A. octona Chem. 258. P. exilis Ad.

235. A. striosa Ad. § 2.

259. P. fallax (?) Say.

SPIRAXIS. 260. P. lata Ad.

O36 US. costalore ea 261. P. contracta (?) Say.

237. S. inusitata (Achatina) Ad. 262. P. tenuidens Ad.

238. §. mirabilis (Bulimus) Ad. 263. P. hexodon Ad.

239. S. anomala (Achatina) Ad. 264. P. servilis Gould.

S10) So hrevise Ad. 265. P. Jamaicensis Ad.

241. 8. aberrans (Achatina) Pfr. § 3.

i Ver traprehins 266. P. striatella(?) Pfr.

BULIMUS. SUCCINEA.

$1. 267. S. angustior Ad.

242. B. minimus Ad. 268. 8. Sagra (?) Orb.

243. B. striatellus Ad. 269. S. latior Ad.

244. B. terebella Ad. 270. S. contorta Ad.

245. B. pauperculus Ad.

246. B. hortensis Ad. HELIX.

247. B. octonoides Ad. § 1.

248. B. pallidus Ad. 271. H. Martiniana Pfr.

249. B. monodon Ad. 272. H. peracutissima Ad.

250. B. nitidiusculus Ad. 273. H. soror Fer.

251. B. subula Pfr. 274. H. cara Ad.

Syn. B. procerus F Ad. a var. media Ad.

252. B. leviusculus Ad. b. var. amabilis Ad.

275. H. Chittyana Ad.

276. H. patina Ad.

a. yar. nobilis Ad.

277. H. fluctuata Ad.

278. H. ingens Ad.

a. var. imperforata Ad.

b. var. indigna Ad.

279. H. acuta Lam.

a. var. acutissima Lam.

280. H. fuscolabris Ad.

281. H. lucerna Mull.

982. H. fortis Ad:

283. H. Okeniana Pfr.

284. H. Swainsoniana Ad.

285. H. tridentina Fer.

286. H. Bronni Pfr.

287. H. valida Ad

288. H. consanguinea Ad.

a. var. imperforata Ad.

b. var. carinata Ad.

289. H. picturata Ad.

290. H. invalida Ad.

291. H. smuata Mull.

a. var propenuda Ad.

b yar. candescens Ad.

292. H. strangulata Ad.

293. H. anomala Pfr.

a. var. pallescens Ad.

b. var. convexa Ad.

294. H. Bainbridgei Pfr.

a, var. pretiosa Ad.

295. H. Spengleriana Pfr.

§ 2.

296. H. Redfieldiana Ad.

§ 3.

297. H. aspera Fer.

§ 4.

298. H. Jamaicensis Chem.

Syn. H. pulla Gm.

§ 5.

299. H. angustata Fer.

which tnhabit Jamaica.

May, 1851.—]0.

300.

301.

302.

305.

304.

305.

306.

307.

308.

309.

310.

311.

312.

313.

314.

315.

316.

bod bcd bot ft debt tt

317,

318.

319.

Ky fot

=n)

320.

nO)

“ae

Ww W

Ore

Bt ed ad ht

oo dc) oO WO W

w WwW Ww

“I

329:) H.

ao 0s: Ets

331. H.

. peraffinis

. Boothiana Pfr.

109

. Cubensis, var. 3 Pfr.

. tunicata Ad.

. Buddiana Ad.

MacMurrayi Ad.

munda Ad.

columellata Ad.

. tenerrima Ad.

Ad.

graminicola

nemoraloides

pulchrior Ad.

Gossei Pfr.

Blandiana Ad.

. subconica Ad.

. fuscoeincta Ad.

. virginea Ad.

. Jacobensis Ad.

. fuscula Ad.

§ 6.

‘immunda Ad.

. rufula Pfr.

. ptychodes Pfr.

§ 7.

. alveus Ad.

§ 8.

. perdepressa Ad.

. brevior

Ad.

Syn. H. depressa Ad,

sincera Ad.

diminuta Ad.

apex Ad.

inconspicua Ad.

Ad.

Syn. H. pellucida

spreta Ad.

var. errans.

turbiniformis Pfr.’

Syn. H. subpyramidalis Ad.

Anthoniana Ad.

358. M.

300. MM:

360. M.

. alligans

Catalogue of the Land Shells °

. angustispira Ad.

. brevis

. Hollandi

. similis

. arboreoides

Ad.

Syn. H. Haldemaniana Pfr.

. ambigua Ad.

. osculans

Ad.

delaminata Ad.

§ 9.

var.

. lamellifera Ad.

pula Ad.

Foremaniana Ad.

Cookiana Gm.

epistylioides Fer.

Ad.

. epistylium Mill.

var. minor Ad.

var. delaminata Ad.

oo GO 09

(or)

. torrefacta Ad.

. connectens Ad.

. epistyliulum Ad.

§ 10.

Ad.

. dioscoricola Ad.

hott:

. paludosa Pfr.

. simulans

PROSERPINA.

. discoidea Ad.

. opalina (Helix) Ad.

. nitida Sowb.

var. planulata Ad.

. pulchra Ad.

. bidentata Ad.

. pisum Ad.

FAMILY AURICULIDZ,

MELAMPUS.

coniformis Brug.

flavus Gm.

Syn.

pusillus Gm.

Syn. Auriculanitens Lam.

Auricula monile Lam.

361

362

3. P. quadridens

. P. ovalis

Ad.

Pfr.

PEDIPES.

Pf.

. M. coronatus

. M. cingulatus

Ad.

which inhabit Jamaica. TTT

CATALOGUE OF THE FRESH WATER SHELLS

WHICH INHABIT JAMAICA.

365. NERITINA punctulata Lam.

366. ee Jamaicensis Ad.

367. a tenebricosa Ad.

368. MELANOPSIS lineolata Gray.

369. MELANIA spinifera Ad.

370. VALVATA pygmza Ad.

ad ce inconspicua Ad.

372. PALUDINA rivularis Ad.

373. ce Jamaicensis Ad.

374. AMPULLARIA fasciata (?) Lam.

375. PLANORBIS MacNabianus Ad.

376. « Redfieldi Ad.

Sit. $ Haldemani Ad.

ae, ss dentiferus Ad.

a yar. edentatus Ad.

379. y pallidus Ad.

380. ny decipiens Ad.

381. “ affinis Ad.

382. “ humilis Ad.

383. ANCYLUS obseurus (?) Hald.

384. ¢ obliquus Ad.

385. PHYSA Sowerbyana (?) Orb.

386. ef Jamaicensis Ad.

387. LIMNZZA umbilicata Ad.

388. CYCLAS pygmaa Ad.

389, a Veatleyi Ad.

Noricz.—The Hon. Edward Chitty of Jamaica haying furnished the writer with his duplicates

of the land and fresh-water shells of Jamaica, so far as necessary for making out suites, a few

collections, each containing nearly all the discovered species,—about 500 species and varieties,

will be put up for sale, at prices from $100 to $150. Suites of single genera, and miscellaneous

parcels for selection, (with the privilege of returning such shells as may not be wanted,) can

also be furnished. It is

proper to add, that the object of the sales is not pecuniary profit, but

to meet the expenses of an illustrated monograph, the outlay for which probably will much exceed

the receipts.

Cc. B, ADAMS, Amherst, Massachusetts.

Descriptions of new species of Birds of the genera Coniros-

trum, D’ Orb. et Lafr., Embernagra, Less. and Xanthor-

nus, Briss., together with a List of other species not hereto-

fore noticed as being found within the limits of the United

States. By Gro. N. Lawrence. Read 28th April, 1851.

ConIROSTRUM ORNATUM.

Cuesnut SHoutpereED Wars er. Plate V. fig. 1.

Speciric Cuaracrer. Head yellow, general color cinere-

ous, lesser wing coverts bright chesnut.

Description. Front, crown, sides of the head and throat

dull yellow, the feathers on the forehead orange at base, a

dusky spot between the bill and the eye, wings cinereous

brown, primaries and secondaries narrowly edged with white,

tertiaries with broader margins of light brownish ash; tail

rounded and of the same color as the wings, the outer feather

narrowly margined with white, most of the others with grey,

the bend of the wing ornamented with a spot of bright ches-

nut red, under wing coverts white; the upper plumage dark

ash, lighter on the rump, where some of the feathers are

lightly marked with yellow, under plumage greyish white.

Bill dark brown, legs and feet bluish lead color.

Length 44 inches, wing from flexure 23 in., tail 2 in.,

tarsus 2 in,, bill above } in.

‘'wo specimens which I examined agreed in plumage and

were probably males.

~ EMBERNAGRA RUFIVIRGATA.

Brown Srrivep Ouive Fincn. Plate V. fig. 2.

Speciric Cuaracter. Above olive, a band of rufous brown

runs along the edge of the crown as far as the nape, when it

is intersected by a narrow stripe of the same color which

begins at the eye.

Descriptions of new species of Birds, &§c. 115

Description. Upper plumage greenish olive, a broad stripe

of rufous brown commences at the base of the upper mandible

runs along the side of the crown and extends to the nape,

where it is joined by a narrow line of the same color which

commences at the eye, between these is a stripe beginning at

the bill, which is greyish white in front of the eye, over and

beyond it ash, a dusky line between the bill and the eye, eye-

lids whitish, a small space of grey on the forehead, close to

the bill; wings olive brown margined with yellowish green,

edge of the shoulders and under covering of the wings yellow,

tail olive edged with greenish yellow; it consists of twelve

feathers, and is graduated, shafts of the wing and tail feathers

reddish brown on their outer surface, inner white ; plumage

beneath cinereous, darker on the sides and under the wings,

lighter on the breast, side of the neck, lower part of abdo-

men and under tail coverts tinged with pale rufous ; upper

mandible light brown, lower pale yellow and brown at the

point ; legs, feet, and claws, brownish yellow. Sex not

known.

Length 6 inches, wing from flexure, 2% in., tail 2% in.,

tarsus in., bill from front 4 in., middle toe and claw # in.,

hind toe and claw 2 in. nearly, 4th primary longest, 3d, 4th,

and 5th nearly equal.

XANTHORNUS AFFINIS.

Lesser Orcuarp ORIOLE.

Adult male. Head, neck, and upper part of back deep

glossy black; wings and tail brownish black; the former

margined with white; breast, abdomen, lesser wing coverts,

lower part of ‘back, and tail coverts, dark chesnut red ;

ereater wing coverts black, edged with reddish white ; upper

mandible black, lower blue at the base, dark at the point;

legs and feet bluish.

The young male has the throat and a line between the

114 Descriptions of new species of Birds, &c.

bill and eye black ; head, lower part of back and tail, greenish

yellow ; all the under surface of the body yellow, tinged with

reddish on the abdomen; back brown feathers edged with

dull green ; wings brown margined with white.

Length of the male 64 inches, wing from flexure, 3 in.,

bill from front ¥ in., tarsus 3 in., tail 22 in.; 2d quill! feather

longest, 2d and 3d nearly equal, 1st shorter than 4th; 1st

quill relatively shorter than in X. spurius, in which species

the 2d and 3d quills are equal and longest, the Ist and 4th

equal. |

his bird closely resembles the Orchard Oriole (X. spurius

Linn.) but is readily distinguished by its smaller size ; in color

and markings there is no perceptible difference, it being in

. fact a perfect miniature representative of the northern species.

Habitat, Texas and Mexico ; it was found breeding in the

former in April.

The above new species were collected by Capt. J. P.

McCown, U. 8. A., to whom I[ am also indebted for the oppor-

tunity of bringing to notice the following additions to our

Fauna. They were obtained by him during the past year,

while stationed on the Rio Grande in Texas.

List or Birds from Texas, with short specific descriptions.

1. Chordeiles Brasilianus, (Gmelin,) resembles our com-

mon Night Hawk, (C. Virginianus,) being similarly marked.

with white on the throat, wings and tail; it is, however,

smaller, the plumage generally is of a lighter shade, the grey

colors predominating. Length of the male 8; in., wing from

flexure 63 in. Female rather larger, being 8% in. long, wing

7 inches.

2. Picolaptes brunneicapillus. La Fresnaye. Color of the

crown and hind part of neck of a fine deep brown, back lighter

—

Descriptions of new species of Birds, &§c. 115

striped with linear spots of white ; wings dark brown, spotted

with white, two central tail feathers light brown, with bars

of a darker shade; the other tail feathers are dark brown con-

spicuously marked with pure white spots. Length 83. in.,

wing 32 in.

Female smaller, and similarly marked, but the colors not

so pure.

3. Pyrocephalus rubineus. Bodd. Muscicapa coronata.

Gmel. A very beautiful Flycatcher, bead and all the under

plumage bright vermillion ; back, wings, and tail, dark brown.

Length 5} in.

4. Cyanocoraxz Yucas. Bodd. Corvus Peruvianus.

Gmel. In this handsome Jay the prevailing colors are green

and yellow, instead of blue, as in most of our species.

Front white, crown blue; region of the eye, throat and

neck black; back, wings, and under plumage, light green ;

central tail feathers dark green ; under wing coverts, vent and

outer tail feathers yellow. Length 12% in.

5. Quisealus macrourus. Swain. This species exceeds in

size the Great Crow Black Bird. (Q major): Male. Head,

neck, upper part of back and under plumage glossy violet

blue, lower part of back metallic bluish green, wings black

clossed with green, tail black and much graduated ; iris yel-

low, bill and legs black.

Length 184 in., wing 7} in., tail 8$in., tarsus 2 in., bill

above 1% in.

Female. Head and neck above, dark brown; a line of

light rufous extends from the front over and beyond the eyes ;

back, under tail-coverts and sides blackish brown, glossed

with green, wings and tail dark umber brown, breast and

abdomen rufous brown; throat and neck of the same color,

but much lighter ; bill and legs black.

116 Descriptions of new species of Birds, &c.

Length 13 in., wing 6 in., tail 6 in., tarsus 14 in., bill

6. Icterus cucullatus. Swainson. Front, throat, back,

wings and tail black; rest of the plumage orange yellow ;

wing coverts with white bands. Length 8 inches.

7. Cardinalis sinuatus. Bonap. General color dark ash ;

front, throat, under lining of the wings, breast and thighs,

light vermillion; crest long and pointed, of a dull red, darker

at the end, wings blackish brown, edged with dark red, tail

brown, tinged throughout with dull red, under tail coverts,

white, marked with light vermillion, bill very stout. Length

9 inches, wing 4 inches.

8. Centurus elegans. Swain. Crown red, front and hind

head yellow, back banded with white and black; wings

brown, with a white band, upper tail coverts white, central

tail feathers black, outer brown with white markings,

under plumage ash, tinged with yellow on the abdomen.

Length 8% inches.

9. Columba flavirostris. Wagler. Head, neck, upper part

of breast and base of lesser wing coverts reddish purple,

upper part of back and scapularies umber brown, tail black,

abdomen, lining of wings and lowef part of back slate blue;

wings blackish brown. Length 15 inches, wing from flexure

8 inches.

10. Ortalida vetula. Wagler. This bird, known as the

Mexican Pheasant, is common throughout Central America.

Head, dark ash, back and upper part of breast olive green,

wings of the same color, except some of the primaries, which

are rufous brown; tail dark green terminating in white;

Additions to North American Ornithology. 117

under plumage dull rufous,’ paler on the abdomen. Length

23 in., wing 8 inches.

11. Dendrocygna Autumnalis. (Linn.) Eyton. This duck

is found abundantly in Mexico, where it is also domesticated ;

it frequents the land more than is usual with its tribe, having

long and slender legs well adapted for walking. It has been

found breeding on the Rio Grande. Crown, neck, back and

breast chesnut, throat greyish white, abdomen, wings, and

tail black, lesser wing coverts rufous yellow, greater ash

grey, terminating in white. Length 21 inches, wing 10 in.,

tarsus 24 in.

Additions to North American Ornithology.

By Gerorce N. Lawrence.

No. 1.

THALLASSIDROMA FREGETTA (Sou.) Kavi, Monoer.

Do. LEUCOGASTER, GOULD.

WHITE-BELLIED Stormy PETREL.

Description. Head and wings black; neck, breast and

back dusky bluish-ash or dark plumbeous; wing coverts

brown; tail perfectly even, with the two central feathers

black, the others white at the base for half their length, ter-

minating with black; abdomen, inside covering of wings and

rump white ; bill and legs black.

The claws are peculiarly shaped, being depressed, ovate,

and as broad as they are long.

118 Additions to North American Ornithology.

Length about 8 inches, wing from flexure 6 in., tail 3 in.,

tarsus 12 in.

Seven specimens of the above were captured with a hook

and line, by the captain of a vessel, while at anchor in the

harbor of St. Marks, Florida. One was obtained from him by

Mr. John Hooper, of Brooklyn, L. I., from whom I received it.

They were observed about the vessel during two days,

after which none were met with.

This species appears to have a wide geographical range.

It is figured by Gould, in the ‘“ Birds of Australia ;” and what

is equally remarkable, he speaks of our common species (Th.

Wilsonii) as being found there, and figures it in the same

work.

CeryLte Americana (GmMEL.) Boiz.

Wuite anp Green KINGFISHER.

Upper plumage dark glossy green, sparingly marked with

small white spots; the head duller, lightly sprinkled with

greyish white; a band of white on the hind neck; wings

dark green, marked with spots of white; two central tail

feathers dark green, the others white, terminating with irreg-

ular markings of dull green; throat white ; a broad band of

bright rufous crosses the breast ; abdomen, sides, and under

tail coverts white, spotted with green ; bill and legs dusky.

Length 83 inches, wing from flexure 33 in., bill from front

14 in., tarsus i in., tail 24 in.

This description is taken from a specimen presented to the

Lyeeum by Mr. Chas. Wright, who procured it in Texas, on

the Rio Grande, where they are not uncommon. In his com-

munication accempanying the specimen, he remarks as fol-

lows :

Additions to North American Ornithology. 119

‘“« The expanse of wing was about 20 inches. Its voice is

much like that of the large kingfisher, but not so loud, and

the notes not in such quick succession, nor so much pro-

longed.

. a oe 6s Ant wong snl Avalon:

A oe nig PS

é abe abuse Gy fing wave watt vat A aul romney Gel’ ;

cas gl} ail 2) bis are: adh ty rat e)

init 4 bata wate see Sihee’

2 a

a =~

Descriptions of New Species of Birds, of the Genera 'Toxos-

roma Wacuer, TyrannuLa Swainson, and PLECTROPHANES

Meyer. By Gro. N. Lawrence. Read 8th Sept., 1851.

Toxostoma Le ConTel.

Le Conre’s Mocxine Bir.

Specific character. Light cinereous; tail brown; bill

slender and much curved.

|Description. The entire upper plumage, including the

wings, is of a fine pearly ash ; tail brown, the outside feather

ash grey on the outer web and at the end ; under surface

light ash; throat white ; sides and under tail coverts pale

ferruginous; bill black ; legs brownish in the dried specimen.

The feathers are of a very soft, silky texture ; the bill is

longer, not so stout, and much more curved than that of T.

curvirostris Sw.; tail cuneiform. |

Length, 10 inches; wing from flexure, 32 in.; tail, 4% in.;

tarsus, 14 in.; bill from front, 14 in. ; Ath quill longest—3d,

Ath and 5th nearly equal; 1st quill 14 in. shorter than the

Ath.

This species was obtained in California, near the junction

of the Gila and Colorado rivers, by John L. Le Conte, M. D.,

whose name I wish it to bear, as a tribute to his deservedly

high reputation for scientific acquirements.

TyRANNULA CINERASCENS.

AsH-coLORED FLYCATCHER.

Upper plumage cinereous olive, darker on the crown, the

feathers of which are marked in their centres with brown ;

ear coverts bluish ash; upper tail coverts tinged with pa.e

SEPT., 1951. a

122 Descriptions of New Species of Birds.

rufous ; the throat, neck, and upper part of the breast is of a

elear bluish grey ; abdomen, sides, inner lining of wings, and

lower tail coverts, pale yellow; wings dark umber brown, the

primaries with ferruginous margins, the secondaries and ter-

tiaries with white margins; all the quill feathers have their

inner webs edged with pale ferruginous ; wing coverts mar-

gined with greyish white, forming two bars across the wings ;

tail even, the outer web of the lateral feathers greyish white,

the others with their outer webs umber brown, the inner webs

of all ferrnginous, terminating in brown, except the two cen-

tral feathers, which are entlrely brown ; bill and legs black.

Length, 7% in.; wing from flexure, 4 in.; tail, 3% in. ;

bill from front, 2 in.; tarsus, { in.

This species is allied to 'T. crinita Linn., but differs from

it in size; the colors are much paler below, and no green in

the upper plumage ; the bill is more slender, and much more

depressed ; the rufous markings on the tail feathers terminate

in brown, whereas in “erinita,” they extend entirely to the

end.

It was obtained by Capt. J. P. McCown, in Western Tex-

as; it frequents the borders of streams.

PiecrropHanes McCownu.

Rurovs-wincep Lark Bunrvine.

The whole upper plumage is pale rufous ash, each feather

marked down the eentre with brownish black; a line of grey-

ish white extends from the bill over the eye ; sides of the head

brownish ash; primaries and secondaries dusky ash, with

margins of greyish white ; tertiaries brown, with lighter mar-

gins; lesser wing coverts marked with rufous; two central

tail feathers dark brown, with paler edgings ; outer tail feath-

er white, lightly marked with pale brown on the end of the

outer web ; all the others white for most of their length, ter-

Additions to North American Ornithology. 123

minating with dark brown; throat and abdomen greyish

white; upper part of the breast and sides under the wings

ash, tinged with pale rufous; bill almost white, tipped with

brown; legs pale red.

Length of the dried specimen, 5% inches ; wing from flex-

ure, 32 in.; tail, 2 in.; tarsus, "+in.; bill from front, 2 in.

The Ist and 2d quills longest, and equal.

It gives me pleasure to bestow upon this species the name

of my friend, Capt. J. P. McCown, U. 8. A., from whose col-

lections, made on the southwestern frontier, many new birds

have been added to our Fauna.

Two specimens were obtained by Capt. McCown on the

high prairies of Western Texas. When killed, they were feed-

ing in company with Shore Larks. Although procured late

in the spring, they still appear to be in their winter dress; in

summer, I have no doubt they assume the gay and ornament-

ed plumage of their congeners.

Additions to North American Ornithology.

By Gero. N. Lawrence.

No. 2.

1. Centurus Santa-Cruzi Bonap. Pr. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 16.

Adult male. The back is transversely banded with black

and white; wings and wing-coverts black, conspicuously

barred with white ; crown and occiput light crimson; front, a

band on the hind neck and abdomen orange yellow; rump

white ; tail black, with white spots on the outer feathers;

sides of the head, throat and breast olive grey.

124 Additions to North American Ornithology.

Length, 10} inches; wing from flexure, 5% in.; tail,

34 in.; tarsus, £in.; bill from front, 12 in. *

Obtained in Western Texas, by J. W. Audubon, Esq.

2. Culicivora atricapilla Swain., Zool. Ill. n. s. t. 57.

Male. Upper plumage bluish grey ; entire crown glossy

black; wings dusky brown, edged with dull white; tail

black, the lateral feathers with the outer webs and tips white ;

under parts pale bluish grey; bill black; legs dull blue.—

Female, without the black on the top of the head.

Length, 44 inches; wing from flexure, 2 in, nearly ; tail,

24 in.; tarsus, $ in.; bill from front, 3 in.

Collected in Texas, by Capt. J. P. McCown, U.S. A.

3. Spermophila albigularis (Spix.) Sw., (Av. Bras. t. 60.)

Plumage of the back dark ash, with a tinge of rufous ;

top and sides of the head black ; wings black, crossed with a

broad band of white; tail black; under surface of the body

grey, tinged with dilute rufous; throat greyish white ; bill

black, and very stout.

Length, 43 inches ; wing from flexure, 24 in. ; tail, 12 in.;

tarsus, $ in. ; bill from front, in.

Procured in Texas, by Capt. J. P. McCown, U.S. A.

Descriptions of New Species of Corzortera, from California.

By Joun L.. LeConre. Read Sept. 15th, 1851.

Tue present Essay contains diagnoses of nondescript spe-

cies, collected by me, during the year 1850 and part of 1851.

Being desirous of making statistical comparisons between

the species of the eastern and western slopes of the continent,

I have taken this as the most speedy means of making known

the large number of new species collected. It will be seen,

that although the number previously known from Western

America was but small, this was owing to the limited ex-

ploration ; each locality furnishing but few kinds, which,

however, are all confined within narrow limits. Thus I failed

to obtain many of those already described by Eschscholtz &

Mannerheim, because I was unable to visit the localities from

which their specimens were collected.

My collection was made in the following manner: At

San Francisco—in February, April, and part of August, (the

latter month furnishing scarcely any species:) San Jose, in

March ; San Diego, in May, June and September ; Valle-

citas and the Desert of the Colorado, in October and November;

Colorado River, December and March; Valley of the Gila, in

January and February.

The families will succeed each other in the order most

cenvenient for study. At present, the want of certain books

prevents me from beginning with the Carabica.

Occasionally species from Oregon are introduced. The

notes contain species from the interior of the continent, which

serve to illustrate the Pacific species.*

I cannot refrain from expressing my very great obligation

to the junior officers of the military posts at San Diego and

* J have omitted four species of Mordella, and two of Nemognatha for future

study.

126 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

the Colorado, for the great assistance afforded me in the pro-

secution of my researches: assistance without which, in the

present condition of California, superhuman industry might

have been expended, without producing any useful results.

Whatever my labors may add to our knowledge of the

laws of nature, as exemplified in California, is justly attri-

butable to the sympathy in intellectual pursuits found among

these gentlemen, in a country which has done more to debase

men by materialising influences, than any other country ever

settled by the Europic race.

TENEBRIONIDA.

EUSCHIDES.

Stenomorpha Sol. (nomen preeoccupatum.)

To this genus must be referred Asida opaca and Asida

polita Say (J. Ac. 3, 254.) I have besides several nondescript

species from the Rocky Mountains.

1. obovata, nigra nitida subtiliter parce punctata,

thorace lateribus rotundato, margine reflexo, elytris obovatis,

dorso planiusculis, apice valde declivibus humeris rectis, mar-

gine laterali nullo. Long. ‘85. Flumen Gila, circa vicos

Pimarum.

PeLEcypHorus Sol.

To this genus belongs Asida anastomosis Say (J. Ac. 3,

256.)

A. Prosternum postice haud productum.

§ Elytris dorso haud marginatis.

1. angulatus,—niger subnitidus, capite minus dense

punctato, thorace parce punctulato, lateribus valde rotun-

datis, margine reflexo, basi rotundato, angulis anticis peracu-

tis ; elytris convexis, elongatis, postice acutis, valde declivibus.

Long. 1-1. San Diego.

2. hispidulus,—ater setis brevibus flavis parce ves-

titus, capite punctato, thorace punctato medio parce muri-

cato, lateribus paulo rotundatis margine sub-reflexo, basi ro-

tundato, elytris parce subtiliter muricatis, submarginatis,

ovalibus apice acutis valde declivibus. Long. 5. Specimen

unicum in deserta fluminis Colorado.

3. hirsutus—piceus nitidus, pilis longissimis pallidis

erectis dense vestitus, thorace quadrato, parce punctato, lateri-

128 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

bus paulo rotundatis margine reflexo, basi truncato, elytris

thorace parum latioribus, parce subtiliter muricatis, apice

subito valde declivibus. Long. -6. In arenosis desertorum

Colorado.

$§ Llytris dorso valde marginatis.

4. parallelus,—ater opacus, subtiliter muricato-

punctatus, hispidusque, thorace quadrato, margine reflexo,

angulis anticis peracutis, elytris dorso planiusculis, thorace

vix latioribus, subparallelis, apice valde declivibus, versus

marginem costa acuta utrinque abbreviata, cum margine

parallela. Long. 6. Vallecitas, ad montes occidentales de-

sertorum Colorado.

0. marginatus,—elongatus, obovatus, subnitidus,

subtiliter parce punctulatus, thorace quadrato, lateribus ro-

tundatis crenulatis, margine reflexo varioloso, elytris thorace

paulo latioribus, parum convexis, apice acutis, modice declivi-

bus, margine ante apicem evanescente. Long. ‘9. Flumen

Gila.

6. confluens,—niger nitidus, thorace varioloso, lon-

giore, lateribus subangulatis reflexis, crenulatis, basi truncato,

elytris impunctatis obovatis sutura elevata, dorso planis,

lateribus apiceque valde declivibus, costa valde acuta antice

cum margine confluente, postice versus suturam curvata.

Long. *75—'9. In deserta fluminis Colorado.

7. carinatus,—niger opacus, thorace longiore quad-

rato, medio longitudinaliter elevato, ibi et ad latera crenulata

subreflexa, varioloso ; elytris latis rotundato-ovatis apice valde

declivibus acutisque, dorso rugosis, costa utrinque abbreviata

cum margine parallela. Long. -65—8. San Felipe, ad montes

occidentales desertorum Colorado.

B. Prosternum postice productum.

8. obsoletus,—obovatus, ater subnitidus, thorace

quadrato, lateribus rotundatis, variolosis, reflexis, disco par-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 129

cius punctato, angulis anticis peracutis, elytris thorace sesqui

latioribus obsolete muricatis, apice subito valde declivibus,

costula utrinque abbreviata pone medium laterali notatis,

margini parallela. Long. *7. Specimen unicum ad ‘ War-

ner’s’ (ad montes inter mare et flamen Colorado).

9. muricatulus,—piceus nitidus elytris parce

muricatis flavo-pilosis, lateribus minus dilatatis, acute margi-

natis, apice subito valde declivibus. Long. ely. 45. Ad San

Diego inventus, thorace perdido; abdomine valde punctato,

pilosoque a preecedente differt.

Microscuatia Sol.

1. ine qualis,—ater opacus, thorace lateribus valde

rotundatis subreflexis, densissime granulato, brevissime nigro-

setoso, postice versus medium retuso, elytris obovatis, thorace

vix latioribus, valde ineequalibus rugosisque. Long. 6. San

Diego, sat frequens.

2. puncticollis,—ater subnitidus, thorace lateribus

valde rotundatis subreflexis, confertim varioloso-punctato, pos-

tice versus medium minus retuso, elytris ineequalibus, versus

suturam apicemque levibus. Long. 63. Ad ‘ Warnevr’s.’

ASBOLUS.

Mentum magnum rotundatum, antice subincisum, fissura

buccalis lata. Palpi haud dilatati. Antenne compressa,

art. 11™° brevi transverso, haud recepto. Prosternum pos-

tice productum. Pedes crassi, tarsis subtus longe setosis,

posticis art. 1"° viz longiore.

Ad sectionem Asidites pertinet ; capite majore deflexo,

clypeo antice vix truncato insignis.

1. verrucosus, ater, opacus, granulatus, thorace

postice angustiore, truncato, impressione transversa basali

notato, canaliculato, disco utrinque sinuatim profunde im-

presso, elytris thorace arcte applicatis eique sesqui-latioribus,

SEPT., 1851. 12

130 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

lateribus rotundatis, apice subito declivibus acutisque, tuber-

culis subacutis seriebus 9 dispositis, ad apicem obsoletis.

Long. ‘65—9. In desertis fluminis Colorado: ¢ thorace

majore, elytrisque dorso convexioribus distinctus.

2. levis, niger, subnitidus, parce subtiliter punctulatus,

elytris punctis versus marginem submuricatis. Long. ‘695.

Cum priore minus frequens: forma omnino precedentis, at

minor.

Nosoperma Esch.

1. diabolicum, nigrum opacum, eataphractum, tho-

race latitudine longiore latius canaliculato, disco utrinque im-

presso partibus elevatis granulis minutis nitidis parce notatis,

margine crenulato, elytris inzequalibus ante apicem subretusis,

macula humerali, alteraque apieali sordide einereis. Long.

‘6—'8. San Jose et San Diego, sub cortice quercuum.

ZopHERUS Gray.

1. tristis,—niger parum nitidus, thorace latitudine

paulo longiore, parce punctato, densius ad latera, lateribus

ante medium subangulatis, postice crenulatis, elytris rugis

deedaleis minus profundis notatis. Long. °55—’8. In deserta

fluminis Colorado.*

Contontis Esch.

1. affinis, subcylindrica, postice subaeuta, nigra niti-

* Species altera in Nova Mexico a Dom. Fendler capta, characteribus sequen-

tibus differt.

Z. conecolor,—niger nitidus, thorace parce punctato, lateribus antice rotun-

dato, postice magis angustato, crenulatoque, elytris rugis profundis notatis tuber-

cula approximata formantibus apice bicallosis. Long. 6. Habitat ad Sta. Fe.

Z. pectoralis, niger, eonvexus, nitidus, ochraceo-marmoratus, thorace lati-

tudine breviore, postice subito angustato, lateribus antice vix sinuatis, pone medium

angulatis crenatisque, elytris ellipticis inzequalibus preesertim ad latera et apicem,

angulo humerali haud porrecto ; subtus ochraceo variegatus, pro-pectore granulis,

minus elevatis seabro. Long. -9. Mexico: Dom. Guex: Z. noduloso similis

thorace breviore: elytris convexioribus, pectoreque fere verrucoso, necnon colore

minus variegato differt, abdominisque art. penultimo transyersim elevato.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 131

da, thorace minus subtiliter punctato, angulis anticis valde

deflexis, lateribus tenuissime marginato, angulis basalibus

acutis haud productis, elytris confertim rugoso-punctatis, pube

brevissima flava parce vestitis. Long. ‘5. lat. ‘25. Benecia,

AC. Escholtzii Man. thorace minus subtiliter punctato,

margine tenuiore, disco antice convexiore punctisque elytro-

rum pubiferis differt.

2. ovalis, breviuscula, ovalis, postice subacuta, nigra

nitida, thorace latitudine breviore minus subtiliter punctato,

angulis anticis valde deflexis, lateribus tenuissime marginato,

angulis posticis acutis productis, elytris confertim rugoso-

punctatis. Long. -41, lat. -22. Oregon; precedente breviore.

3. puncticollis, longiuscula, cylindrica, pestice sub-

acuta, nigra subnitida, thorace confertim subtiliter punctato,

antice valde convexo, lateribus tenuissime marginato, angu-

lis posticis rectis, elytris parce subtilius punctatis. Long.

‘35. lat. 15. Benecia.

4. subpubescens, elongato-ovalis, postice subacuta,

atra nitida, pube flava depressa longiore vestita, thorace bre-

viore, parum convexo minus subtiliter punctato, lateribus

tenuissime marginato, angulis posticis acutis paulo productis,

elytris minus subtiliter punctatis. Long. 37. lat. 17. San

Jose, et San Diego, minus frequens.*

Eusattus.

Menium trapezoideum, apice emarginatum. Antenne

longiuscule. Tibie antice bicalcarate, angulo externo

producto, thorace lateribus longe piloso.

Corpus globosum, inflatum, prosterno postice prominulo,

thorace lateribus longe piloso.

* Adde—C. obesa, brevis ovata, convexa postice acuta, nigra nitida, thorace

breviore confertim minus subtiliter punctato, lateribus tenuiter marginato, angulis

basalibus acutis paulo productis, elytris minus dense grossius punctatis, pilis bre-

vissimis flavis parce vestitis. Long. 25, lat.-12. Habitat Territorio Missouriensi,

circa ‘Long’s Peak” C. ovali multo minor,

132 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

Genus Praoci (Esch.) valde affine, mento tamen emargina-

to satis distinctum; insecta pluria Boreali-Americana com-

plectens, quorum Zophosis reticulata Say (J. Ac. 3, 250)

sola descripta est.

1. difficilis, ventricosus, valde convexus, niger opacus,

thorace parce subtilius punctato, lateribus marginato, angulis

posticis acutis modice productis, elytris punctis magnis minus

profundis submuricatis impressis, obsoleteque sulcatis, tibiis

anticis usque ad apicem extus serratis.* Long. 45. San Diego

et Vallecitas, E. reticulato minor et multo convexior.

2. muricatus, globosus, postice subacutus, ater niti-

dus, capite confertim subtiliter granulato, thorace basi utrin-

que profunde sinuato, lateribus marginato, basi apiceque flavo-

ciliato, disco subtiliter muricato, densius ad latera, elytris

confertim acute muricatis, rugosisque, tibiis anticis ante

apicem vix dilatatis, angulo externo longissime producto.

Long. -45. Oregon.

3. dilatatus, globosus, postice subacutus ater, nitidus,

capite minus dense granulato, thorace basi utrinque profunde

sinuato, lateribus marginato, basi apiceque flavo-ciliato, disco

leevissimo, lateribus subtiliter granulato, elytris granulis

minus elevatis transversim confluentibus: tibiis anticis ante

apicem valde dilatatis, posticis incurvis. Long. ‘45. In de-

sertis arenosis fluminis Colorado.

4. dubius, ovalis, valde convexus, nigro-piceus nitidus,

clypeo margine valde reflexo, thorace obsoletissime punctulato,

lateribus marginato, angulis posticis acutis, modice productis,

elytris parce subtiliter muricato-punctatis, tibiis anticis intus

basi serrulatis; antennisrufis. Long.'3. Habitat ad flumina

Colorado et Gila.*

* Adde. E. convexus, ventricosus, valde conyexus, niger, subnitidus, tho-

race obsoletissime punctato, lateribus marginato, angulis posticis valde productis,

elytris punctis quadratis minus profundis impressis, obsolete suleatis, tibiis anticis

basi serrulatis. Long. 35. Territorio Missouriensi, prope Long’s Peak, E.

diffieili valde affinis.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 133

Cavs Esch.

1. globosus,—rotundatus, valde convexus, piceus niti-

dus, thorace breviore, antrorsum valde angustato, confertim

punctato, elytris confertim subtiliter muricatis. Long. °27—

°35. San Diego. C. ciliato, Esch. multo latior, thoraceque

antrorsum magis angustato, confertim punctato valde dis-

tinctus.

ELEopEs Esch.

In hoe genere inscribendee sunt omnes Blaptes a Sayo (J.

Ac. 3, 257, et seq.;) sc. B. suturalis, acuta, obscura (an his-

pilabris ej. ?) obsoleta, carbonaria, extricata, opaca, et tricostata

(=Pimelia alternata Kirby. F. B. 4, 232.) Genus habitu valde

variabile, sed propter formarum transitiones, enucleari dif_i-

cile. E thoracis forma, elytrorumque sculptura divisiones

sequentes efformari possunt.

A. thorace quadrato parum convexo, elytris sulcatis vel striatis punctis muri-

catis.

1. acuta, = Blaps acuta Say. = LEleodes sulcipen-

nis Man. Bull. mosc. 1843, 266; ej. Mag. Zool. Guér.

1843, pl. 128. Habitat in Territoriis Oregonensi et Missou-

riensi.

B. thorace modice convexo, lateribus parum rotundato, elytris punctis via muri-

catis.

2. vicina,—nigra nitida, thorace subtiliter punctulato,

latitudine haud longiore, lateribus modice rotundatis, postice

subangustato, elytris discrete minus subtiliter seriatim punc-

tatis punctis paucis interjectis, femoribus muticis. Long.

‘7. Habitat ad flumen Gila, E. quadricolli affinis, at

E. nitidipennis, yentricosus, modice conyexus, thorace opaco lateribus

tenuiter marginato, obsoleteque punctato, angulis acutis modice productis, elytris

parce punctatis nitidis, tibiis anticis serrulatis. Long. 4. Habitat Jalapa, Mexi-

co, D. Haldeman.

134 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

elytris punctis majoribus magis discretis distinctius seriatis

differt. Mas subcylindricus, elytris dorso convexis, postice

attenuatis. Femina, elytris latioribus, dorso minus convexis,

postice vix attenuatis.

3. subnitens,—longiuscula, antrorsum regulariter

angustata, nigra fere opaca, thorace latitudine longiore antice

vix conspicue angustato, lateribus fere rectis, subtiliter parce

punctato, elytris dorso minus convexis, subtiliter discrete

serlatim punctatis, apice valde declivibus attenuatisque, femo-

ribus anticis dente acuto armatis. Long.°7. Flumen Gila.

4, longicollis, elongata, sat convexa, nigra nitida,

thorace obsolete parce punctulato, latitudine longicre, postice

haud angustato, lateribus parum angustatis, elytris subtiliter

parce punctulatis, punctis subseriatis, lateribus paulo rotun-

datis apice declivibus attenuatis. Long. ‘9—1:1. Flumen

Gila. Mas paulo angustior, postice magis attenuatus. Variat

punctis elytrorum majoribus, seriebus approximatis distinctis

ordinatis.

C. Thorace modice convexo, lateribus magis rotundatis, elytris punctis vix

muricatis.

0. femorata,—elongata leviter ovata, nigra nitida,

thorace subtiliter minus dense punctato, lateribus rotundatis

tenuissime marginatis, postice subangustato angulis posticis

obtusis ; elytris ovalibus convexis, apice attenuatis, punctis

plus minusve distinctis seriatim positis paucisque interjectis ;

femoribus omnibus subtus breviter dentatis. Long. ‘7—1-0.

San Diego; mas, elytris apice magis attenuatis.

6. armata, elongata, leviter ovata, nigra nitida, thorace

subtiliter minus dense punctato, lateribus rotundatis tenuis-

sime marginatis, postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtu-

sis, elytris ovalibus, convexis, apice parum attenuatis punctis

plus minusve distinctis seriatim positis, paucisque interjectis,

femoribus omnibus subtus longe acuteque dentatis. Long.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 135

*55—1:2. In desertis fluminis Colorado, frequens. Prece-

dente forma simillima, postice minus attenuata: mas angus-

tior, postice acutus, tibiis posticis sinuatis.

7. laticollis,—elongata, nigra nitida, capite confer-

tim, thorace subtilius minus dense granulato-punctatis, hoc

lato, lateribus maxime rotundatis, subdepressis, postice angus-

tato angulis posticis rectis, subprominulis, anticis acuminatis ;

elytris lateribus paulo rotundatis subtiliter seriatim punctatis,

apice declivibus attenuatis, femoribus anticis dentatis. Long.

1:3. San Diego, minus frequens: mas, elytris thorace fere

angustioribus, postice magis attenuatis tibiisque posticis sub-

sinuatis differt.

8. acuticauda,—elongata, nigra nitida, capite tho-

raceque minus dense punctatis, hoc subtilius, lato, lateribus

maxime rotundatis subdepressis, postice angustato, angulis

posticis obtusis, subprominulis, elytris valde convexis, subti-

liter seriatim punctatis, lateribus magis rotundatis, postice de-

clivibus, valde attenuatis, productisque, femoribus anticis

acute dentatis. Long. -9—1:2. San Diego frequens: prece-

denti affinis, elytris autem convexioribus, apice magis attenu-

atis et productis valde distincta. Mas angustior, elytris fere

caudatis, tibiis posticis subsinuatis.

D. Thorace valde rotundato, vel cordato, ab elytris subremoto, his confertim

punctatis vel scabris, immarginatis.

9. consobrina,—oblonga, nigra, thorace latitudine

breviore, rotundato, apice emarginato, confertim punctato, late-

ribus granulato, margine reflexo, angulis posticis minutis,

elytris confertim grosse punctatis lateribus et postice gra-

nulis reclinatis scabris, apice attenuatis, femoribus muticis.

Long. ‘65. Habitat ad montes circa Sta Isabel. Forma om-

nino EK. marginate Ksch., sed thorace angulis posticis

distinctis, elytris punctis majoribus, granulis haud piliferis

distincta.

136 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

E. Thorace valde rotundato, ab elytris subremoto, his planis confuse punctatis

dorso valde marginatis.

10. depressa, ovata, nigra, thorace latitudine brevi-

ore haud convexo, lateribus rotundatis, postice subangustato,

sat dense grossius punctato, margine subreflexo, apice emar-

ginato, elytris rotundato-ovatis, dorso haud convexis, sat dense

punctatis, punctis subseriatis breviter piliferis, acute margi-

natis, apice declivibus, attenuatis, pedibus ferrugineis, anten-

nis articulis 3 ultimis crassioribus. Long. °37. In desertis

Colorado, minus frequens.

Ampnipora Esch.

Genus preecedenti simillimum, et mento paulo transverso,

apice haud angustato, solum differt. Clypeo apice ligulaque

basi subcoriaceis, cum Helopiis affinitatem exhibet. Mares

tarsis anterioribus dilatatis, subtus spongiosis, preediti sunt.

Victus sub cortice, vel sub lapidibus.

1. osculans,—atra nitida oblonga, pilis longis fulvis

dense vestita, thorace subtransverso, postice angustato con-

fertim punctato, apice valde emarginato, lateribus valde rotun-

dato, angulis posticis minutis rectis, elytris seriatim punctatis,

interstitiis sat dense rugosis punctatisque, antennarum artic-

ulo 3° sequente duplo longiore. Long.°6. San Diego et Sta.

Isabel. Mas tibiis posticis intus versus apicem dente acuto

armatis.

2. nigropilosa,—nigra nitida oblonga, pilis longis

nigris dense vestita, thorace confertim punctato, subrotundato,

postice paulo angustato, apice emarginato, basi truncato, an-

eulis vix prominulis, elytris punctis seriatis alterisque inter-

stitialibus rugosis, versus latera punctis elevatis scabrosis,

antennarum articulo 3° sequente fere duplo longiore. Long.

‘4, San Diego frequens. Mas tibiis anticis intus distinctus

serrulatis.

3. rufipes, elongata, subcylindrica, nigro-picea, pilis

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 137

longis nigris dense vestita, thorace subquadrato, lateribus

leviter rotundatis, angulis nullis, confluenter punctato, ely-

tris elongatis thorace haud latioribas, punctis grossis minus

profundis subseriatim positis substriatis, interstitiis parce

punctatis, pedibus ferrugineis, antennarum articulo 3° se-

quente sesqui longiore. Long. ‘-3. San Diego minus frequens.

4. attenuata, elongata, antice angustior, picea,

(pilosa ?) thorace cylindrico elongato, confertim punctato, late-

ribus vix rotundato, angulis nullis, elytris thorace paulo

latioribus, humeris prominulis, tenuiter striato-punctatis, in-

terstitiis subconfuse biseriatim punctatis. Long. ‘32. Spe-

cimen unicum mortuum ad Vallecitas inventum. Habitus

fere precedentis, et instrumenta cibaria accurate hujus

generis.

ApocrypHa Esch.

1. dvschirioides, nigra, nitida subtiliter griseo-

b) ?

pubescens, thorace subtransverso, globoso, sat dense punctato,

elytris discrete punctatis, thorace haud latioribus, antenna-

rum articulis intermediis breviusculis. Long. ‘11

San Francisco, ab A. anthicoide thorace majore

’ J

haud confluenter punctato, antennisque minus gracilibus, nec-

) fo) r]

non colore differt.

ConoNnotTus.

Antenne crassiuscule, articulo 2° vix breviore, 11™°

longiore indistincte diviso, apice acuto. Mentum parvum,

transversum quadratum. Palpi articulo ultimo longtore

triangulart. Tarsi postict articulis duobus primis elongatts.

Clypeo apice rotundato, oculisque rotundatis, sicut in

Apocrypha gaudet, cui certe valde affine, habitu autem lon-

giore minus convexo, thoraceque obconico, elongato haud glo-

boso, notisque supra dicatis distinctum hoc genus.

1. sericans, testaceus, subtiliter confertissime punc-

tulatus, griseo-pubescens, thorace latitudine apicali’ sesqui

SEPT., 1851. 14

138 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

longiore, postice regulariter valde angustato, utrinque trun-

cato, elytris elongato-ellipticis, parum convexis. Long. ‘13.

San Jose et San Diego, sub lapidibus.

2. punctatus, testaceus, griseo-pubescens, thorace

sat dense grossius punctato, latitudine apicali longiore, postice

regulariter modice angustato, utrinque truncato, elytris elon-

gato-ellipticis. modice convexis, punctis magnis postice obso-

letis, seriatim positis. Long. :06. San Jose minus frequens.

AR OSCHIZUS.

Tagenie simillimus, at mento majore, pedicello nullo ;

fissura buccalis angustissima, genis magis productis, palpis

maxillaribus minus elongatis, antennarumque articulo ultimo

minore.

1. costipennis, rufo-picea, opaca, brevissime flavo-

setosa, oculis indistinctis inter cristas 2 laterales sitis, thorace

capite multo angustiore elongato, subquadrato, elytris ellip-

ticis thorace duplo latioribus, foveis seriatis cancellatis, costis

Qn, 4%, 6% marginalique magis elevatis ; antennis crassissi-

mis, perfoliatis. Long. ‘1d.

Ad Vallecitas sub lapidibus.

Nycroporis Esch.

1. carinata, nigro-picea, capite medio cristato, tho-

raceque varioloso, hoc breviore, versus Jatera utrinque vage

foveato, elytris cristis interruptis tubercula seriata forman-

tibus, 3 elevatioribus integris. Long. ‘5. San Diego minus

frequens.

EuryMetopon Esch.

1. abnorme, alatum, elongatum, nigro-piceum punc-

tatum, thorace subeonvexo, latitudine duplo breviore, antice

subangustato, angulis basalibus rectis, elytris punctis ap-

proXiinatis seriatis breviter pililvris, tibiis anticis triaugulari-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 139

bus. Long.°3. Habitat in desertis Colorado, sub cortice

Prosopis, et sub lapidibus, frequens.

2 conve xie ol le; apterum, elongatum piceum, punc-

tatum, thorace valde convexo, latitudine duplo breviore, antice

valde angustato, angulis basalibus rectis, elytris punctis ap-

proximatis seriatis breviter piliferis, tibiis anticis triangulari-

bus. Long. 8. Habitat cum priore, minus frequens.

3. longulum, apterum, elongatum subcylindricum,

piceum nitidum, thorace lateribus confluenter, medio discrete °

punctato, subconvexo, transverso, antice subangustato, angulis

posticis rectis, elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis

subtiliter parce punctatis, tibiis anticis filiformibus. Long.

-23. San Diego, minus frequens. Forma onmino EK. ab-

normis.

4. obesum, subellipticum convexum, nigrum nitidum,

thorace confertim punctato, transverso antrorsum angustato,

angulis posticis subobtusis, elytris punctis majoribus seriatim

positis, interstitiis parce subtiliter punctatis, pedibus ferrugi-

neis, tibiis anticis vix dilatatis. Long. °22. San Diego.

5. atrum, elongato-ellipticum convexum, nigrum, tho-

race confertim punctato, transverso, antice subangustato,

angulis posticis subobtusis, elytris seriatim punetatis, inter-

stitiis vel obsolete vel subtiliter parce punctulatis, pedibus

ferrugineis, tibiis anticis vix dilatatis. Long. °2.

San Francisco, frequens. Spec. unicum ad San Diego lec-

tum, punctis elytroruim interstitialibus majoribus seriatis

differt; an species distincta ?

AUCHMOBIUS.

Clypeus productus, antice obliquus, apice emarginatus

labrum obtegens ; mandibule obtuse ; oculi transverst, haud

superciliati ; mentum magnum planum, snbpentagonum,

apice incisum, fissura buccalis nulla. Palpi et antenne de-

140 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

sunt. Tibie antice haud dilatate, apice truncate: coxe

postice approximate.

Corpus longiusculum convexum, postice paulo latius, tho-

race elytris arcte conjunctis, Eurymetopis simile, a quibus

clypeo mentoque apice incisis, oculisque haud superciliatis

differt. .

1. sublevis, ‘oblongus, longiusculus, convexus, ater,

subnitidus, thorace subtiliter punctulato, latitudine plus duplo

latiore, basi truncato, lateribus paulo rotundatis, elytris sub-

tiliter punctatis pone basin paulo latioribus, versus apicem

angustatis, valde declivibus, subtiliter minus dense muricatis.

Gong. ‘4. Specimen unicum mortuum ad Vallecitas inven-

tum.

CRYPTADIUS.

Clypeus productus, antice truncatus, labro prominulo,

integro. Palpt maxillares filiformes, oculi subemarginatt,

superciliati ; mentum magnum transversum, fissura buccalis

nulla ; antenne 11-articulate, tenues, apice leviter incrassate,

articulo 3° longiore. Pedes debiles, bicalcarate, tibie

antice apice extorsum producto, coxe postice valde approx-

timate.

Corpus rotundatum, obesum, thoracis margine leviter

inflexo Praocidas referens, a quibus tamen clypeo haud

emarginato, mento magno, oculisque superciliatis; a Kury-

metopis (habitu excepto) tibiis anticis apice productis, men-

toque paulo majore solum differt.

1. inflatus, ater convexus, capite thoraceque acicula-

tis, hoc brevi, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, ten-

uiter marginatis, elytris subtiliter muricato-punctatis, anten-

narum basi pedibusque rufis. Long. -23. Specimen unicum ;

San Diego.

' Eprotes.*

Clypeus trilobatus, lobo medit angusto, apice subemargi-

* Genus hocce sequentibus cum duobus familiam parvam inter Pimeliarias

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 141

nato, lateralibus obtusis ; mandibule supra dente forti arma-

te: oculi rotundati ; sterna arcte conjuncta ; scutellum nul-

lum.

Corpus inflatum, thorace brevissimo, angulis porrectis,

epipleuris maximis, coxis posticis modice distantibus. Hic

ponendaest Pimelia rotunda Say. J. Ac. 3, 251.

1. ventricosus, niger nitidus, pilis longissimis albi-

dis versus latera lanuginosus, capite thoraceque impunctatis,

hoc versus latera rugis paucis elevatis notato, elytris parce

subtiliter punctatis, punctis versus marginem muricatis, pedi-

bus longe pilosis. Long. ‘41. Habitat in desertis Colorado,

TRIOROPHUS.

Clypeus trilobatus, lobo intermedio angusto, apice rotun-

dato, lateralibus rotundatis ; mandibule supra dente obtuso

armate ; oculi rotundati, scutellum minutum.

Corpus convexum, ovatum, gracile, thorace angustiore,

convexo utrinque truncato: coxis posticis valde approximatis,

epipleuris angustis.

1. levis, niger, nitidus, capite thorace haud angustiore,

fronte tuberculato parce punctato, plicis 2 utrinque supraocu-

laribus, thorace punctato, elytris punctis maiusculis usque ad

elypei forma valde distinctam constitit, diagnosi sequente definitam: clypeus

trilobatus, mentum magnum, fissura buccalis nulla; oculi superciliati; antenne

11-articulate, tenues, articulo 83io longiore ; articulo ultimo haud minore: pedes

tenues tibiis filiformibus, Affines videntur Epiphisa, Capnisa, Pterocoma, Prio-

notheca, et Trachyderma,

Adjungitur genus alterum. Trm«ytis.

Clypeus lobo intermedio brevi truncato, lateralibus rotundatis, mentum apice

incisum, mandibule haud dentate : oculi emarginati: scutellum minutum. Corpus

ovale convexum, thorace lato elytris arcte conjunctum: epipleuris angustis, coxis

posticis valde approximatis. Habitus omnino Eurymetopi.

T. pruinosa, ovalis convexa, atra nitida, capite thoraceque confertim punc-

tatis, elytris subtilius minus dense punctatis, seriebus punctorum majorum ante

apicem obsoletis. Long. -23.

Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi frequens, viya pruinosa.

142 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

medium 9-seriatis, interstitiis, apiceque impunctatis. Long.

32. Habitat in desertis Colorado; vivus pruinosus.

2. rugiceps, niger, vel piceus, nitidus, capite thorace

paulo angustiore, fronte tuberculato, rugose-punctato, plica

solita supraoculari, thorace confertim punctato; elytris sub-

tiliter parce punctulatis, seriebus novem punctorum ee

versus apicem obsoletis. Long. °29.

San Jose, sub lapidibus sat frequens, femina elytris paulo

minus convexis solum, differt.

3. punctatus, piceus, capite thorace angustiore acic-

ulato, thorace breviusculo confertissime punctato rugosoque,

elytris sat dense minus subtiliter punctatis, punctis vix seria-

tis. Long. 25. Vallecitas, specimen mortuuam.

CRaANIOTUS.

Clypeus lobo intermedio lato, brevi, truncato, lateralibus

acutis, mandibule haud dentata@, oculi subtransverst. Corpus

convexum, pubescens, gracile, thorace angustiore rotundato,

epipleurts latis, immarginatis, coxis posticis parvis distanlt-

bus, utrinque ad intermedias propinguis.

Habitus fere preecedentis, sed lobis clypei lateralibus acutis

productis peculiaris, coxis posticis distantibus parvis, optime

cum familia sequente (Scauris) quadrat, et transitionem facit.

1. pubescens, niger pube dense cinerea vestitus,

capite thoraceque confertissime punctatis, hoc linea longitu-

dinali levi, elytris opacis, subtiliter punctulatis, lineis 3 vix

distinctis minus pubescentibus. Long. -45.

Specimen unicum mortuum, Vallecitas.

CentTriopTERA Man,

1. muricata, nigra, subopaca, capite profunde parce

punctato, utrinque impresso, thorace elytris haud latiore sub-

cordato, sparsim punctulato, lateribus anguste reflexis punc-

tatis, elytris pone medium latioribus, 9-seriatis, punctis ver-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 143

sus suturam impressis, extrorsum vero muricatis, reclinatis ;

femoribus posterioribus subtus spiculatis. Long. ‘55-95.

Habitat in desertis Colorado. Cum figura C. caraboidis.

Man. (Guér. Mag. Zool. 1845) congruit, excepto mento solum

unicarinato, elytrisque postice paulo dilatatis.

CERENOPUS.

Labrum omnino tectum, clypeus vi« emarginatus, anten-

ne crassiuscule, leviter tncrassate, articulo 3° longiore,

ultimo transverso acuminato, mentum parvum apice angus-

tius, utringue impressum, medio subcarinatum: tibie antice

margine externo acuto, elytra bast marginata.

Corpus elongatum ; mares femoribus anticis Incrassatis,

posticis dentatis, tiblis anticis intus curvatis, denticulatis vel

exasperatis. ;

1. concolor, ater nitidus, capite marginibus reflexis,

transversim impresso vertice subelevato, thorace longiusculo,

subcylindrico postice leviter angustato, lateribus subtiliter

parce punctato, ante basin vage foveato, elytris pone medium

leviter dilatatis, thorace sesqui latioribus, foveis seriebus positis

octo margineque profunde impressis, tibiis anticis processu

externo apicali brevi rotundato. Long. ‘75. Habitat in

desertis Colorado. Mas tibiis anticis extus profunde sulcatis.

2. bicolor, ater nitidus, capite marginibus reflexis,

transversim leviter impresso subtiliter punctato, thorace lon-

giusculo, subcylindrico postice leyiter angustato, subtilissime

punctulato, ante basin vage foveato, elytris thorace haud latio-

ribus elongatis, foveis maioribus seriatis impressis, pedibus

lete rufis. Long. -4. Specimen unicum masculinum: Val-

lecitas.

3. costipennis, ater, opacus, depressiusculus, capite

confertissime punctulato, lateribus minus reflexis, thorace pla-

niusculo, postice subangustato, confertissime subtiliter aci-

culato, ante basin vage minus profunde luvesto, elytris thorace

144 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

non latioribus, profunde 8-sulcatis, sulcis uniseriatim puncta-

tis, interstitiis angustis, subacutis, pedibus saturate rufis.

Long. 43. Ad flumen Gila.

Euxasis Esch.

1. pubescens, oblonga, minus convexa atra, thorace

pedibusque obscure rufis, illo transverso, lateribus rotundato,

confertissime aciculato-punctato, elytris Jate sulcatis, sulcis

uniseriatim foveatis, punctisque minoribus utrinque seriatim

positis, omnibus flavo-setigeris, interstitiis externis magis ele-

vatis, acutis. Long. °3d.

San Diego, frequens. Habitu fere E. ru fipedis, paulo

latior, et statura maiore, necnon corpore pubescente facile

cognoscenda.

EPANTIUS.

Labrum bast obtectum, clypeo antice late truncato; an-

tenne moniliformes leviter incrassat@ articulo 3° longiore,

ullimo maiore, rotundato ; mentum apice latius triangulare,

medio tuberculo impresso notatum : elytra bast declivia, haud

mar ginata.

Sexus differentia latet, victus sub fucis ad littora maris.

1. obscurus, ater vix nitidus, oblongus, fere depressus ;

capite thoraceque confertissime punctatis, hoc subquadrato,

lateribus rotundato, basi vix angustato, angulis posticis rectis,

elytris thorace haud latioribus, apice rotundatis, subtiliter

punctatis obsulete sulcatis, foveolis oblongis approximatis

8-seriatim positis, pedibus obscure rufis. Long. ‘38. San Diego,

Junio, sat frequens.

Noristus.*

Oculi divisi: clypeus apice acute emarginatus: palpt

* Ut melius enodari possint genera sequentia, diagnosin familie Opatrinorum

adiungo: Clypeus productus, antice yel emarginatus yel rotundatus, tibie anticee

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 145

dilatati ; antenne moniliformes, extus crassiores, articulo 3°

longiore ; mentum latitudine longius, apice emarginatum,

planum, tibie antice valde dilatate.

Mares tibiis anticis supra medium intus angulatis gau-

dent: tarsis vix dilatatis.

1. sulcatus, oblongus convexus, niger, thorace subtrans-

verso quadrato, lateribus vix rotundatis tenuiter marginatis,

-confertissime subtiliter punctato, elytris late profundeque

sulcatis, interstitiis subtilissime parce punctulatis: pedibus

rufis. Long. ‘22. San Diego.

2. granulatus, elongato-oblongus, modice convexus,

niger, thorace quadrato, basi paulo angustato, lateribus antice

modice rotundatis, tenuiter marginatis, confertissime granulato-

punctato, elytris profunde striatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis

elevatis, subtiliter parce muricatis: pedibus rufis. Long. °2.

Vallecitas, et Colorado.

3. puberulus,—ellipticus, modice convexus, piceus

subtiliter muricatus, pubescens, thorace latitudine duplo bre-

viore, tenuiter marginato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis

acutis, elytris vix striatis: tibiis anticis valde dilatatis.

Long. 2. Vallecitas.

4. puncticollis, ellipticns, modice convexus, pu-

bescens piceus, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, thorace

latitudine duplo breviore, lateribus rotundatis, marginatis,

angulis posticis vix acutis, elytris subtilissime parce muricatis,

vix striatis, tibiis anticis valde dilatatis. Long. ‘2. Speci-

men unicum a San Jose.

Conislus.

Oculi divisi, clypeus apice emarginatus : palpi dilatati,

compressae ; mentum parvum: coxe postice approximate haud prominule, para-

pleurx appendiculatz : abdomen articulis haud emarginatis ; tarsi subtus pubes-

centes.

SEPT., 1851. 15

146 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

antenn@ crass@, articulo 3° viz longiore: mentum minutum

quadratum, apice viz latius; tibie antice modice dilatate :

mares tarsis anterioribus paulo dilatatis.

1. seriatus, oblongus, paulo convexus, nigro-piceus,

nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus modice rotun-

datis, confertim punctato, elytris seriatim punctatis, interstitiis

minus dense punctulatis, pedibus rufis. Long. *15. San Jose.

2. parallelus, oblongus, paulo convexus, nigro-piceus

nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus vix rotundatis,

parallelis, confertissime punctato, elytris seriatim punctatis

interstitiis minus dense distinctius punctulatis, pedibus rufis.

Long. 15. Vallecitas.

Buarstinus. Sol. (Dej. ined.)

1. sordidus, ellipticus sordide-cinereus, pube densis-

sima vestitus, thorace disco convexo, lateribus late depressis,

basi bisinuato angulis posticis acutis, elytris obselete tessela-

tis, striis per paria paulo approximatis, interstitiis 3'°, 5'°

7™° que paulo magis elevatis. Long. °3. Specimen unicum,

Colorado.*

2. crassus, ellipticus, sat convexus, piceo-subeeneus,

fusco-pubescens, confertissime punctatus, thorace latitudine

triplo breviore, antice paulo angustato, lateribus rotundato,

basi vix bisinuato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis alterna-

tim paulo elatioribus. Long.-25. San Diego minus frequens.

3. dilatatus,—ellipticus, depressus, ater, pube brevi

depressa cinerea vestitus, thorace confertissime aciculato,

punctatoque latitudine plus duplo breviore, antrorsum valde

angustato, lateribus rotundato, basi subsinuato, angulis pos-

ticis obtusis; elytris striis profunde punctatis, interstitiis sat

dense subtiliter punctatis. Long. °3.

Habitat ad flumen Colorado :—specimen unicum a San

* Affinis videtur Epilasio rotundato De (Cajennis), at character

genericus me fugit.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 147

Diego, elytris subtilius fere obsolete punctatis differt: vix

species distincta.

4. brevicollis, ellipticus paulo convexus, ater pube

cinerea parce vestitus, thorace confertim aciculato, puncta-

toque, latitudine plus duplo breviore, antrorsum angustato,

lateribus rotundato, basi bisinuato, angulis posticis fere rectis,

elytris striis profunde punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime punc-

tatis. Long. -24. San Francisco: precedente minor, tho-

race minus depresso.

5. pubescens,—oblongus, convexus, ater, pube fusco-

cinerea dense vestitus, thorace confertim punctato, latitudine

sesqui breviore, antrorsum paulo angustato, lateribus antice

rotundatis, basi truncato, elytris striis profunde punctatis, in-

terstitiis subtilissime punctulatis. Long. -25. Colorado, et

Vallecitas.

6. sulcatus, oblongus, paulo convexus, ater, opacus,

sordide pubescens, thorace confertissime punctato, latitudine

sesqui breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundato, basi

bisinuato, elytris punctis quadratis approximatis fere sulcatis,

interstitiis parce punctulatis. Long. 21. Vallecitas.

7. longulus, elongato-oblongus, parallelus, ater niti-

dus pube cinerea parce vestitus, thorace punctato latitudine

paulo breviore, antrorsum haud angustato, lateribus rotundato,

basi vix sinuato, elytris striis valde punctatis, interstitiis parce

punctatis, pedibus rufis. Long. 23. Specimen unicum ad

Gilam.

8. angustus, elongatus, depressus, piceus, pube cine-

rea dense vestitus, thorace sepius rufescente, vix transverso

subrotundato, utrinque truncato, punctato, elytris parallelis

striis punctatis, interstitiis planis parce punctatis pedibus rufis.

Long.24. In desertis Colorado, minus frequens.

ANEPSIUS.

Oculi viz divist, clypeus apice haud emarginatus, anten-

148 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

ne graciles extus incrassate, articulo 3° longiore ; mentum

trapezoideum, apice latius, palpi tenues, haud dilatati: tibie

antice valde dilatate extus crenulate: corpus apterum.

1. delicatulus,—elongato-oblongus, paulo convexus,

piceus nitidus, thorace confertim aciculato, transverso, lateribus

rotundato, apice emarginato, basi truncato, angulis posticis

valde obtusis : elytris punctis oblongis approximatis confertim

seriatis, brevissime pubescentibus; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Long. ‘17. Vallecitas et Colorado.

Batuuivs.

Oculi haud divisi, clypeus apice haud emarginatus, an-

tenn. breves, extus incrassate, articulo 3° haud longiore:

mentum trapezoideum apice latius ;.palpt tenues haud dila-

tati ; tibie antice valde dilatate, extus subdentate. Corpus

apterum.

1. setosus, rufo-pallidus, oblongus, convexus, nitidus

parce pilosus ; thorace latitudine plus duplo breviore, muri-

cato-punctato, densius ad latera, Jateribus valde rotundatis,

apice emarginato basi truncato, angulis obtusis; elytris punc-

tis minus approximatis, sub-seriatim positis. Long. ‘14.

Vallecitas et Gila.

2. rotundicollis, rufus, elongato-oblongus, convexus,

nitidus, thorace latitudine plus duplo breviore, minus dense

grossius punctato, lateribus valde rotundatis, basi angustiore

truncato, angulis posticis nullis; elytris punctis magnis mi-

nus approximatis sub-seriatim positis; versus marginem vero

subtiliter striatis. Long. ‘1. Vallecitas et Gila.

Puateria Lat.

1. rotundata, elliptica, latiuscula, convexa, pallida,

occipite subtiliter punctato, thorace brevi antrorsum suban-

gustato, striola utrinque basali notato; elytris tenuiter striatis,

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 149

striis postice profundioribus. Long. 23. San Diego ; variat

elytrorum dorso infuscato.

Piatypema Lap.

1. angustum, elongatum, depressum, nigro-piceum,

subnitidum, thorace latitudine plus sesqui breviore, confertim

punctato, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus rotundato, tenue

marginato, basi subsinuato, elytris striis tenuibus punctatis

profunde impresso, interstitiis confertim punctulatis ; subtus

rufo-piceum. Long. °2. Colorado, minus frequens.

Apvetina De}.

1. plana ,—testacea nitida depressa, cly peo vix impresso,

punctato elytris subtiliter punctulatis, tenuiter striatis, accu-

rate planis, margine ad striam 7™™ abrupte declivo. Long.

‘12. Colorado, sat frequens. Mas clypeo supra antennas

utrinque producto, cornu breve formante. -

Utoma Meg.

1. marginata,—elongato-oblonga, fere depressa, piceo-

rufa nitida, clypeo impresso, thorace subtiliter punctulato punc-

tis paucis grossis intermixtis, margine minus tenui reflexo,

elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, margine

minus tenui reflexo, tibiis anticis teretibus haud spinosis.

Long. ‘27. Colorado, sat frequens; clypeus quam in specie-

bus alteris mihi notis longior, impressione apici minus approx-

imata. Mas cornu utrinque antrorsum spectante tereti supra

oculos armatus.

Tenesrio Lin.

1. estriatus,—elongatus piceus nitidus, confertim

punctatus, thorace latitudine haud breviore convexo, lateri-

bus antice rotundato, tenuiter marginato, basi truncato, angu-

lis posticis rectis prominulis, elytris thorace non latioribus

150 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

marginatis; pedibus rufo-piceis. Long. -27. Specimen uni-

cum ad San Jose; antenne articulis 8-11 paulo latioribus,

haud transversis.

Catocnemis Man.

1. magna,—niera vix nitida, thorace latitudine sesqui

breviore subcordato, subtiliter confertim punctato convexo, la-

teribus rotundatis, postice angustato, basi truncato, angulis rec-

tis, elytris subtiliter punctulatis, punctis majoribus in seriebus

8 margineque positis, postice obsoletis. Long. 1:2. San Jose.

Mas, tibiis posticis infra medium intus longius, densissime

flavo-pubescentibus.

2. obesa,—latior, nigra nitida, thorace latitudine duplo

breviore, subhexagono, subtiliter parcius punctato, convexo,

lateribus valde dilatatis, fere angulatis, basi truncato angulis

obtusis; elytris obsolete parce punctulatis, punctis majoribus

in seriebus 8 margineque positis, postice non cbsoletis. Long,

1-1. Specimina duo ad Sta Isabel.

Anevus De}.

1. rotundicollis,—piceus nitidus, punctis magnis

confertis impressus, breviter cinereo-pubescens, thorace lati-

tudine sesqui breviore, lateribus rotundatis, basi truncato,

angulis prominulis, elytris thorace paulo latioribus. Long,

"15. Specimen unicum ad flumen Gila. Ab Anedo brun-

neo (Pandarus brunneus Ziegl. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 45)

thorace minus transverso distinctus.

STENocuia Kirby.

1. gracilis, elongata atra opaca, capite thoraceque con-

fertissime granulato-punctatis, hoc quadrato, latitudine vix

breviore, antrorsum vix angustato, elytris striis profundis

punctatis, interstitiis convexis, femoribus lete rufis, apice

nigris, antennis corpore vix brevioribus. Long.*3. Speci-

men unicum ad San Diego lectum.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 161

Hetoprs Fabr.

1. rugulosus, nigro-zneus, capite thoraceque confer-

tissime punctatis, hoc transverso subquadrato, tenuiter margi-

nato, antrorsum subangustato, angulis nullis prominulis,

elytris tenuiter distincte striatis, interstitiis planissimis, sub-

tiliter punctulatis, transversimque rugosis. Long. ‘35—*d.

San Francisco in folia: pedes anteriores dilatati subtus spong-

iosi sunt.

MELANDRYADA.

Evstropeuus Ill.

1. indistinctus, oblongo-ellipticus convexus, subti-

lissime punctulatus, niger nitidus, densius breviter pubescens,

elytris postice subangustatis tenuiter punctato-striatis, anten-

narum basi apice pedibusque rufis. Long.-25. Colorado, mi-

nus frequens. Eu.bicolori simillimus, punctura subtiliore,

punctisque elytrorum seriatis multo minoribus sat distinctus.

LAGRIARILA.

Pepinzus Fisch.

1. punctulatus, ater breviter cinereo-pubescens, tho-

race subtransverso, rotundato convexo, lete rufo, parce punc-

tulato, elytris confertissime subtilius punctatis rugosisque.

Long. ‘26. San Francisco. Variat elytris testaceo rufis :—

variat quoque pedibus posticis basi rufis. Sexus differentia

sicut in speciebus indigenis, in plaga elytrorum apicali levis-

sima pallida.

ANTHICID.

Euryceentius Ferté.

1. constrictus, elongatus, ater pube dense cinerea

vestitus, pilisque longis erectis intermixtis, thorace campanu-

lato, latitudine plus sesqui longiore, apice subito constricto,

152 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

elytris confertim grossius punctatis, maculis densius pubes-

centibus adspersis. Long.’4. San Diego, minus frequens.

Eu. murino (lchthydion murinum Hald. Pr. Ac. Nat.

Se. 1, 304) simillimus, at pilis erectis longis sparsis, thorace-

que longiore vix canaliculato mox distinctus.

Noroxus Geoff.

1. cavicornis, minus elongatus fuscus nitidus cine-

reo-pubescens, thorace subtransverso, elytris vix angustiore

cornu valde elongato, apice concavo, basi subito elevato, parte

elevata cornu ipso non angustiore, elytris testaceo-pallidis,

subtiliter punctulatis sutura, maculis 1 vel 2 linearibus ante

medium, fasciaque obliqua angulata pone medium infuscatis,

pedibus pallidis. Long. ‘1. San Francisco, frequens :

variat maculis plus minusve distinctis. Mas, elytris apice

acutioribus extus oblique truncatis.

2. conformis, elongatus testaceo-fuscus, cinereo-pu-

bescens, thorace globoso, haud transverso, cornu elongato,

apice concavo, basi paulo elevato, cristo cornu ipso vix angus-

tiore, marginato, elytris testaceo-pallidis, minus dense punc-

tulatis, maculis utrinque 2 ante medium, fasciaque postica

obliqua angulata nigris, pedibus pallidis. Long. 18. Speci-

men unicum ad Gia inventum.

ForMICILLA.

Thorax non cornutus: tarsi elongati, filiformes, articulo

penultimo non emarginato: femora modice elavata ; corpus

alatum.

Habitus et summa affinitas Anthicorum quorundam (A.

cinctus Say &c.), tarsis autem filiformibus valde dis-

tinctus.

1. munda, rufo-testacea, nitidissima, thorace elongato,

postice angustato, ante basin lateribus sinuato, basi 3-punc-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 153

teto, elytris pilis paucis erectis, nigris, basi fascia angusta

pone medium, apiceque rufo-testaceis, antice parce punctatis,

pone humeros late impressis. Long. ‘09. Colorado sub quis-

quiliis ad fluminis marginem.

Antuicus Payk.

1. tenuis,—elongatus, niger nitidus, tenuiter cinereo-

pubescens, capite subtiliter punctulato, thorace latitudine

sesqui longiore, lateribus bisinuato, postice valde angustato,

elytris pone basin impressis, fascia albida angustata ad quad-

rantem, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. 08. Colo-

rado, frequens: A. cineto (Say) similis, at thorace longiore,

magis sinuato differt.

2. nitidulus,—elongatus niger nitidus, parce pubes-

cens, thorace latitudine sesqui longiore, convexo, lateribus

antice valde rotundato, ad medium valde angustato, basi cyl-

indrico, marginato, elytris subtiliter punctulatis, pone basin

impressis, ibique cinerascentibus: antennis basi testaceis.

Long. ‘1. San Jose.

3. annectens, elongatus niger nitidus, subtiliter

griseo-pubescens, capite thoraceque parce vix conspicue punc-

tatis, hoc latitudine longiore, cordato, lateribus antice rotun-

dato, pone medium angustato, ante basin paulo constricto

basi cylindrico, elytris basi fere truncatis, minus subtiliter

punctatis postice vix punctatis, antennarum basi tibiisque

testaceis. Long. 1. San Diego: specimen unicum ad littus:

forma omnino A. californici (Ferté), at thorace capi-

teque multo subtilius punctatis distinctus.

4. confinis, elongatus, niger nitidus, vix pubescens,

capite postice vix rotundato, fronte parce punctato, thorace

modice convexo elongato-ovato, postice angustato, parce

punctato, basi marginato; elytris thorace duplo latioribus,

minus subtiliter punctatis, omoplatis prominulis. Long, °1.

Specimen unicum: San Diego, ad littus.

SEPT., 1851. 16

154 New Species of Californian Coleoptera. :

do. nigritulus, elongatus, niger nitidus, longius cine-

reo-pubescens, capite parce punctato, postice vix rotundato,

thorace elongato ovato, paulo convexo, postice subangustato,

sat dense punctato, basi marginato, elytris thorace sesqui

latioribus, minus subtiliter punctatis, omoplatis prominulis.

Long. ‘08. San Francisco, in locis humidis.

6. luteolus, elongatus flavo testaceus, cinereo-pubes-

cens, capite postice rotundato, prominulo, dense punctato,

spatio verticali levi, thorace confertim punctato longiusculo,

ovato, convexo, postice angustato, basi truncato, marginato,

elytris confertim minus subtiliter punctatis, convexis, basi

truncatis, omoplatis paulo prominulis. Long. ‘12. Speci-

men unicum: Vallecitas.

7. corticalis, fusco-piceus, subnitidus, longius cine-

reo-pubescens, capite thoraceque impunctatis, illo postice trun-

cato, hoc latitudine paulo longiore, modice convexo, postice

vix angustato, basi truncato marginatoque, elytris thorace

duplo latioribus, pone medium paulo dilatatis, convexis an-

tice grosse punctatis, basi truncatis, omoplatis prominulis,

pedibus rufis. Long. 11. Frequens ad Colorado, sub arbo-

rum cortice.

8. horridus,—elongatus, testaceus, pilis erectis albidis

hispidus, capite grosse punctato, linea longitudinali levi, basi

vix truncato, thorace ovato, subcampanulato, latitudine lon-

giore, confertim grosse punctato, basi angustato, elytris elon-

gato-ellipticis convexis, grosse punctatis nitidis, punctis versus

apicem paulo minoribus, fascia obscura pone medium ornatis.

Long. ‘11. Specimen unicum ad flumen Gila.

9. cribratus, elongatus, nitidus, flavo-testaceus,

longius cinereo-pubescens, capite postice rotundato, confertim

punctato, thorace longiusculo, subconvexo, subcampanulato,

basi vix angustato marginato, confertim punctato; elytris

basi truncatis, grosse punctatis, punctis ad apicem minoribus,

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 155

fascia angusta nigra pone medium notatis. Long. ‘11.

Specimen unicum ; Sta Isabel.

10. rufulus, elongatus, saturate rufus, nitidus cinereo-

pubescens, pilisque erectis hispidus, capite minus dense punc-

tato, medio levi, basi truncato, thorace longiusculo, ovato

punctato, minus convexo, basi subangustato marginatoque ;

elytris elongatis, paulo convexis thorace sesqui latioribus, mi-

nus subtiliter punctatis, basi subtruncatis, omoplatis haud

prominulis. Long.:1. Specimen unicum, San Diego.

11. biguttulus, valde elongatus, niger subnitidus,

tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, capite confertim punctato, basi

fere truncato, thorace longiusculo, ovato minus convexo, con-

fertissime punctato, postice angustato, basi valde marginato ;

elytris thorace latioribus, sat dense punctatis, macula utrin-

que pone medium rufo-testacea. Long. -15. Specimen

unicum ad San Francisco.

12. punctulatus, elongatus, niger nitidus, cinereo-

pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, illo linea

longitudinali leevi, basi fere truncato, hoc longiusculo, minus

convexo, confertim punctato, ovato, basi subangustato mar-

ginatoque, elytris minus convexis grossius sat dense puncta-

tis, basi vix truncatis, omoplatis haud prominulis. Long. -1.

San Jose et San Diego.

13. alutaceus, elongatus minus convexus, niger sub-

tilissime alutaceus, vix pubescens, capite punctato, postice

fere truncato, thorace ovato, punctato, postice angustato

truncato marginatoque, elytris vix punctatis apice latius

rotundatis abdomine brevioribus. Long. ‘1. San Diego et

Gila.

14. obscurellus, longiusculus, fuscus, cinereo-pu-

bescens, capite punctato, basi truncato, linea longitudinali

tenui levi, thorace longiusculo, ovato, sat convexo, confertim

punctato, basi paulo angustato, submarginato, elytris convexis,

ellipticis, thorace latioribus, sat dense punctatis, pone me-

156 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

dium obscurioribus. Long. ‘08. San Jose, frequens sub

quisquiliis.

15. be llulus,—rufo-testaceus, cinereo-pubescens, cap-

ite postice truncato, confertim punctato, callo verticali vix

conspicuo ; thorace longiusculo, ovato, confertim punctato,

paulo convexo, postice angustato, elytris thorace duplo latio-

ribus, confertim minus subtiliter punctatis, basi truncatis,

fascia nigra, lata ad medium ornatis. J.ong. ‘07. San Diego,

ad maris oras.

16. nanus,—longiusculus, testaceus, cinereo-pubescens,

capite postice truncato, grossius punctato, linea longitudinali

levi, thorace ovato, sat dense punctato, paulo convexo, pos-

tice paulo angustato, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, basi

valde truncatis, minus convexis, confertim punctatis, versus

medium obsolete infuscatis. Long. ‘07. San Diego.

17. maritimus,—pallidus, cinereo-pubescens, capite tho-

raceque confertissime subtiliter punctulatis, illo basi truncato,

linea longitudinali levi, hoc ovato, latitudine longiore, con-

vexo postice paulo angustato, elytris murinis, ellipticis, con-

vexis, confertim punctatis thorace plus sesqui latioribus, apice

pallidis, abdomine obscuro. Long. ‘09. San Diego ad

maris oras.

‘TANARTHRUS.

Antenne jiliformes, articulo 2°°° paulo breviore, 11™° elon-

gato, intermediis fere turbinatis: oculi parvt laterales.

Palpi mediocres, paulo dilatati. Tibia longius bicalcarate.

Tarsi filiformes, articulo penultimo haud bilobo. Corpus

alatum elongatum depressum, capite magno, bast emarginato,

elytris thorace paulo latioribus, apice fere truncatis, abdo-

mine paulo brevioribus.

Habitus fere Dromii, et Anthicorum reliquorum speciebus

magis depressus.

1. salinus, rufo testaceus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens,

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 157

subtiliter punctulatus, capite quadrato, plano, basi subemargi-

nato canaliculatoque, thorace ovato-quadrato, postice leviter

angustato, basi marginato, coleopteris thorace paulo latiori-

bus, latitudine duplo longioribus, utrinque truncatis. Long.

°21. Habitat ad lacum salinum desertorum Colorado, more

Bembidiorum volitans.

MORDELLONA.

Anaspis Geof.

1. luteipennis,—nigra subparallela, cinereo-pubes-

cens, transversim subtiliter rugosa, thorace latitudine sesqui

breviore, angulis posticis rectis, lateribus paulo rotundatis,

elytris flavo-testaceis, antennarum basi, pedibusque plus min-

usve testaceis. Long.°12. San Francisco. A,flavipenni

Hald. (J. Ac. N. 8. 1,100) simillima at thorace minus abbre-

viato, lateribus minus rotundatis.

2. collaris,—nigra fere linearis, cinereo-pubescens,

transyersim subtiliter rugosa, thorace rufo, convexiusculo,

latitudine vix breviore, capite paulo latiore, lateribus minus

rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis; pedibus anticis basi, ore,

antennarumque basi testaceis. Long. :1. 8. Diego; speci-

men unicum.

3. atra,—aitra, fere linearis, cinereo-pubescens, subtilis-

sime transversim rugosa, thorace capite sesqui latiore,

latitudine breviore, lateribus rotundatis, angulis -posticis

rectis, elytris distinctius rugosis, antennarum basi pedibusque

plus minusve testaceis. Long.:1. San Francisco.

OEDEMERID/E

Diryuus Fisch.

1. quadricollis,—ater subtilissime pubescens, tho-

race capite latiore, paulo transverso, quadrato, subtiliter con-

fertim punctato, utrinque suboblique late impresso, medio

158 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

foveato, elytris thorace plus sesqui latioribus, coriaceo-rugosis,

lineis 4 obsoletis elevatis. Long. ‘64. Oregon. A. D. ceru-

leo Hald. thorace quadrato yalde distinctus.*

AScLERA Schmidt.

1. excavata, atra, subtiliter pubescens, thorace nitido,

subtiliter parce punctato, subcordato, disco utrinque valde

excavato, basique valde impresso, elytris scabris, lineis eleva-

tis duabus obsoletis. Long. °3. San Diego. .

2. bicolor,—fusca, pubescens picea, capite thoraceque

rufis, subtiliter punctatis, hoc longiusculo, ovato postice an-

custato, disco utrinque, et ante basin late impresso, elytris

subtiliter rugose punctatis, lineis vix distinctis, pedibus rufis.

Long. °25. Oregon.

MELOIDES.

CysTEODEMUS.T

Antenne filiformes, articulis arcte connexis, 3° haud lon-

giore ; tarsi filiformes, unguiculis dente basali armatis:

elytra amplissima, connata.

Generi Meloi proximus, at elytris amplissimis, non

imbricatis valde distinctus.

1. armatus, obscure olivaceo-ceneus, thorace utrin-

* Tilustratione causa adiungo:—Catorus Fabr.

1, angustus, valde elongatus, fusco-testaceus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens

confertissime punctatus, thorace cylindrico, latitudine longiore, capite haud latiore,

canaliculato, apice, basi, et utrinque ad latera vage impresso, elytris dilutioribus,

lineis tribus vix distinctis: antennis serratis. Long.-7. Specimen unicum ad

Sta Fe, (Nove Mexico) a Dom. Fendlerlectum.

+ Species altera a Dom. Wislizeno benevole data ;

6. Wislizeni, supra splendide cyaneus, nitidus, capite thoraceque parce-

punctatis, hoc pentagono, canaliculato, angulis lateralibus acutis, elytris valde

ventricosis, sphericis, apice acutius divergentibus, apice summa rotundatis ; foveis

minoribus valde profundis cancellatis. ‘Long. °65,lat. 5. Habitatin Nova Mexico,

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 159

que spina acuta armato, elytris ventricosis, basi angustatis,

dorso antice late impressis, apice latius divergentibus, apice

summa rotundata, opacis, foveis magnis cancellatis. Long.

‘4—65, lat. °25—4. Habitat ad flumen Colorado, preecipue

inlarrew mexican® ramos.

TEGRODERA.

Antenne breviuscule, filiformes, articulis arcte connexts,

3° haud longiore, oculi transverst, reniformes ; tarst filifor-

mes, unguiculis dente magno basali armatis ; elytra ampla,

lateraliter valde declivia elongata: corpus alatum.

A Cantharide differt elytris haud granosis, denteque

unguiculari unguiculo haud eequali: antennarum art. 1™°

apice concavo, excavatoque peculiare hoc genus est.

1. erosa, nigra supra glabra, capite late rufo, lateribus

fusco parce punctato, sulco profundissimo utrinque, altero-

que a fronte ad verticem exarato; thorace nigro, ineequali,

subpentagono, elytris reticulatis flavis, fascia ad medium,

margine pone medium, apiceque nigris ; antennis, ore, pedi-

busque nigris; tibiis omnibus rectis. Long. *8—I1:1l. San

Diego, Julio.

Cantuaris Geof.’

In speciebus omnibus subtus descriptis unguiculi fissi sunt,

partibus eequalibus: tibie intermedize curvate, trochanter-

esque postici non armati.

$1. Tibie postice calearibus latis, obtusis.

1. vulnerata,—niera nitida, capite basi subemargi-

nato, pone medium rufo, macula occipitali nigra ; thorace

parce punctato, pentagonali, angulis lateralibus acutis rufis;

elytris subtiliter confertissime rugosis. Long. -4—1:0. San

Diego ; Septembre, frequens.

160 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

§ 1. Tibie postice calcari uno lato, obtuso, altero tenut.

2. nitidicollis, nigra, supra luteo-flava, capite tho-

raceque parce punctatis nitidissimis, hoc longiusculo, antror-

sum angustato, vage impresso, elytris elongatis, confertim

rugosis, lineis 5 indistinctis ; scutello ore antennis pedibus-

que nigris. Long. ‘65. San Diego, Junio.

3. tenebrosa,—atra opaca, minus elongata, capite

panctato, gutta parva verticali rufa, thorace punctato, quad-

rato postice subangustato, elytris subtilissime rugosis. Long.

‘6—'8. San Diego minus frequens.

4, eneipennis, nigroenea, capite thoraceque rufis,

minus dense punctatis, nigro-pubescentibus, illo antice ni-

gro, hoc transverso, sub-quadrato, basi angustato, canalicu-

lato, vageque impresso ; elytris olivaceo-ceneis confertissime

minus subtiliter rugosis, pube obsoleta grisea parce vestitis.

Long. *26—'4. Sta Isabel, Maio, Calcare tibiarum posticarum

minus dilatato, altero solum paulo crassiore optime cum $3

transitionem facit.

§ 3. Tibie postice calcaribus equalibus acutis.

5. cyanipennis, cyanea, capite thoraceque splendide

viridi-aureis, parce punctatis illo puncto verticali cuprascente,

basi vix emarginato, brevissime canaliculato; hoc subpenta-

gono, transverso, profunde canaliculato, utrinque foveato ;

elytris confertissime rugosis, lineis vix distinctis. Long. ‘55.

Oregon.

6. chalybea, obscure cyanescens, capite thoraceque

punctis parcis notatis, canaliculatis, hoc convexo, subcam-

panulato, ad apicem profunde impresso, disco utrinque

foveato, elytris confertissime rugosis. Long. ‘42. Oregon.

7. smaragdula, nigra plus minusve enescens, capite

thoraceque minus dense punctatis, illo puncto verticali testa-

ceo; hoo antrorsum angustato, lateribus antice rotundatis,

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 161

utrinque late foveato; elytris confertissime rugosis ; antennis

corporis fere longitudinis. Long. -37. Ad montes circa

Sta Isabel.

8. sty gica,—atra, opaca, capite nitidiusculo, basi ca-

naliculato parce punctato, gutta verticali testacea, thorace

quadrato, canaliculato, parce punctato,; versus apicem vage

impresso, elytris confertim rugosis. Long.:55. Oregon. C.

tenebrosam refert, at elytris minus subtiliter rugosis,

antennisque longioribus minus incrassatis sat distincta.

9. lugens,—elongata, atra, opaca, parce nigro-pubes-

cens, capite punctato, canaliculato, basi subernarginato,

thorace elongato, antrorsum angustato, minus dense punctato,

vage impresso, elytris confertissime rugosis. Long. -42—5.

San Diego, frequens. Epicautam puncticollem,

et alias valde refert, sed antennis hujus generis, articulis

minus arcte conjunctis, 3° haud longiore, et elytris rugosis,

haud punctatis distincta.

Ericauta Redt. (Dej ined.)

Genus Cantharidi simillimum, et antennis extus

haud incrassatis, articulis cylindricis haud rotundatis solum

distinctum. Habitu paulo differt corpore densius pubescente,

thoraceque non impresso nec lateribus angulato.

$1. Antenne filiformes, articulis (versus apicem) arcte conjunctis, 3'° quam

4to Jongiore.

* Unguiculi parte inferiore paulo breyiore.

1. ele gans ,—atra, cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque

punctatis, illo puncto verticali rufo, thorace latitudine fere

longiore, capite vix angustiore, elytris thorace duplo latiori-

bus, confertim rugose punctatis, nigris vitta magna fulvaa

humero fere ad apicem extensa, medio angustiore, macula

parva laterali nigra pone medium includente. Long. 45.

San Diego; rarissime.

SEPT., 1861. 17

162 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

** Unguiculi partibus zequalibus.

2. puncticollis,—elongata, nigra, nigro-pubescens,

capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, canaliculatis, hoc lati-

tudine longiore, antrorsum angustato, elytris confertissime

eranulato-punctatis antennarum articulis intermediis crassitie

duplo longioribus. Long. °45. San Diego et San Francisco.

Man. Bull. Mosc. 1843. 288.

3. oblita,—elongata nigra, nigro-pubescens, capite tho-

raceque minus crebre punctatis, hoc subtiliter canaliculato,

latitudine longiore antrorsum angustato, elytris confertissime

granulato-punctatis, antennarum articulis intermediis crassi-

tie vix sesqui longioribus. Long. -4.. Habitat in Oregon et

ad San Francisco: preecedenti simillima, at thorace minus

confertim punctato, antennarumque articulis minus elongatis

differt.

$2. Antenne setacew articulo 3° 4'° longiore.

4. maura,—elongata nigra, nigro-pubescens, capite

minus dense punctato, thorace parcius subtilius punctato,

subtilissime canaliculato, latitudine longiore, lateribus parai-

lelis, antice rotundatis ; elytris confertissime granulato-pune-

tatis. Long. -4. Habitat ad San Francisco.

HISTRINI.

Houotepra Payk.

1. cacti, fronte utrinque striola obliqua, thorace lateribus

antice rotundatis, parce punctatis, margine medio interrupto,

elytris stria interna integra, lateribus postice parce punctatis ;

tibiis posticis dentibus 38 equaliter distantibus, mandibulis

capite longioribus, mento utrinque carinato. Long.‘d8. San

Diego in cactis putridis. Mas, thorace ad angulos anticos

fovea maxima excavato ; variat stria externa fere integra.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 163

2. vicina, fronte utrinque stria_ horizontali curvata,

thorace lateribus antice rotundatis, parce punctatis, margine

integro, elytris stria interna integra, externa postice in lineam

punctorum fracta, tibiis posticis dentibus 3, intermedio api-

eali propiore; mandibulis capite longioribus, mento concavo.

Long. 33. San Diego, cum priore minus frequens.

3. populnea, valde depressa, fronte subtiliter punctu-

lato, utrinque striola vix conspicua notato, thorace lateribus

antice rotundatis, postice vix angulatis, obsolete parce punc-

tatis, margine integro, elytris stria interna late interrupta,

externa brevi, basali; pygidio utrinque punctis paucis notato,

mandibulis capite brevioribus, mento concayo. Long. -28.

Habitat ad flumen Colorado, sub cortice Populi; mas linea

thoracis marginali antice profundiore ; variat thorace elytrisque

parce punctulatis.

Histrer Lin.

1. sexstriatus, oblongus, niger nitidus, thorace bis-

triato, stria externa margini approximata, interna subsinuata,

elytris striis externis tribus marginalique integris, reliquis

obliteratis, vel solum punctis apicalibus notatis, epipleuris ex-

cavatis punctatis, tibiis anticis 4-dentatis, posterioribus spinis

majoribus sub-4-dentatis, Long. -23—35. San Francisco,

minus frequens.

2. corticalis, ovalis depressus, niger nitidus, fronte

marginata, minus subito deflexa, thorace vix punctulato,

punctis 4 vel 5 utrinque impressis, stria marginali nulla,

elytris parce punctulatis, striis punctatis, duabus primis ab-

breviatis, marginali nulla, epipleuris bistriatis, tibiis anticis

pidentatis. Long. ‘07. Ad Colorado minus frequens.*

* Ad divisionem eandem pertinet :

H. venustus—ovalis, latior, depressus, cyaneus, nitidus, capite parce punc-

tato, fronte excavato, thorace linea marginali obsoleta, parce punctato, medio levi,

angulis anticis impressis, elytris ad apicem parce punctatis striis punctulatis, duabus

164 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

Eprervus Er.

1. decipiens, ovalis, depressus niger nitidus, thorace

confertissime punctulato, elytris punctulatis striis integris,

suturali antice obsoleta, marginali nulla, epipleuris bistriatis,

tibiis anticis crenulatis. Long. :1. Ad Colorado, sub cortice

Populi frequens. Platysoma apparet, at tibiis edentatis,

fronte subito deflexa prolongataque, et mandibulis retractis,

ad hoc genus revera pertinet.

2. vicinus, elliptico-ovalis, modice convexus, confer-

tim punctulatus, fortius in thorace, elytris striis profundis punc-

tulatis, marginali exteriore integra, epipleuris bisulcatis, pygidio

toto punctato, segmento secundo parcius. Long. ‘1. Ad Colora-

do frequens. EH. nigrello paulo angustior, et pygidio minus

parce, segmento ultimo evidenter punctato precipue distinctus.

Paromauus Er.

1. Opuntiz, oblongus, subdepressus, thorace confer-

tim punctulato ad latera parcepunctato, elytris ad apicem

punctatis, stris profundis fortiter punctatis, duabus primis

obsoletis punctorum compositis, marginali nulla, vel brevis-

sima, laterali superiore exarata. Long.:11. San Diego, in

Opuntiis putridis. A sequentibus stria laterali excavata

distinctus.

2. consors, oblongus, postice subangustatus subde-

pressus, thorace confertim subtilissime punctulato, lateribus

latius parce punctato, elytris pone medium parce punctatis,

striis parce punctatis, stria prima abbreviata, secunda inter-

rupta, marginalibus duabus tenuibus, exteriore brevissima.

Long. ‘10. Cum priore.

3. Gilensis, oblongus, postice subangustatus, thorace

subtiliter punctulato, lateribus parce punctato, elytris ad

primis antice obsoletis, epipleuris tristriatis, tibiis anticis 4-dentatis. Long. ‘11.

Habitat in provinciis australibus sub cortice arborum rarissime: a Dom. Zimmer-

man, amice datus. Platysoma venustum Dej. Cat.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 165

apicem punctatis, striis parce punctatis duabus primis abbre-~

viatis, marginali nulla. Long. ‘10. Ad flumen Gila, in

Cereis giganteis putridis.

Pacuytopus Er.

1. sulcifrons, oblongus ater, capite marginato, line-

aque antice concava insculpto, thorace margine basali confer-

tim punctato, elytris confertissime punctatis, plaga parva

scutellari, basi anguste, humeris et apice externa levibus, striis

quatuor dorsalibus abbreviatis, obliquis suturali integra, cum

dorsali coniuncta, tibiis anticis fortiter bidentatis, supra longe

spinoso-serratis. Long.:25. Habitat ad San Diego, ad oce-

ani littora. Saprinus sulcifrons Man. Bull. Mose. 1848, 259,

Cum genere Pachylopo (Er. Klug. Jahrb. 196) omnino

quadrat: differentia tamen sexus in P. dispare anom-

ala, in speciebus nostris abest.

2. serrulatus, oblongus ater, thorace basi lateribus-

que postice anguste punctatis, elytris confertim punctatis,

humeris plagaque apicali externa leevibus, striis dorsalibus

ad medium abbreviatis, suturali integra cum dorsali con-

iuncta, tibiis anticis spinoso-serratis. Long. 15. Cum pri-

ore minus frequens: caput lineis similiter insculptum est,

Variat elytris castaneis.

3. gaudens, oblongus, ater, enescens, nitidus, capite

marginato, lineaque utrinque antica obliqua notato, thorace

basi punctis marginato, elytris pone medium parce punctatis,

lateribus omnino levibus, stria marginali brevissima, dorsali-

bus ad medium abbreviatis, suturali integra cum dorsali

coniuncta, tibiis anticis tridentatis, dente apicali bifido.

Long. ‘14. Cum prioribus specimen unicum.*

* Ad hoc genus quoque pertinet Saprinus dimidiatipennis Lec, =

Hister palmatus Say : qui tamen ab aliis supra descriptis tibiis apice longius calea-

ratis differt; spinze quoque externe rariores sunt, et potiusin series quatuor con-

fusas, ordinari habeantur.

166 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

Saprinus Leach.

Species subtus descripte omnes epipleuris bistriatis gaudent.

Secundum prosterni formam, striarumque dispositionem ma-

nipulos plures efformavi.

A. Caput antice viz marginatum.

a. Prosternum convexum striis nullis.

1. interstitialis, oblongo-elongatus, eneus, thorace

lateribus late punctatis, disco punctulato, elytris striis par-

allelis, pone medium abbreviatis, 2""* dorsali duplicata, inter-

stitiis plagaque apicali communi transversa punctatis, tibiis

anticis 5-dentatis. Long. 13. San Francisco, rarissime, in

fimeto.

b. Prosternum convecum striis parallelis.

2. obscurus, ovalis, ater, nitidus, thorace punctato,

densius ad latera, elytris parce punctulatis, pone medium

punctatis, striis externis longioribus, marginali distincta, pros-

terno punctato, tibiis anticis 6-denticulatis. Long. °22. San

Francisco, rarissime.

3. pectoralis, ovalis ater, nitidus, thorace lateribus

dense punctato, disco punctulato, elytris parce punctulatis,

pone medium punctatis, striis externis longioribus, marginali

nulla, prosterno punctato, striis approximatis, tibiis anticis

6-denticulatis. Long. *2. San Diego, minus frequens.

4. peminosus, ovalis ater, nitidus thorace lateribus

punctato, disco punctulato, elytris parce punctulatis, pone

medium punctatis, striis externis longioribus, marginali nulla,

prosterno vix punctulato, striis remotis, tibiis anticis 6-denti-

culatis. Long. ‘18. San Francisco, variat stria marginali

brevissima.

5. interceptus, oblongo-ovalis, ater, nitidus, thorace

minus dense punctato, elytris punctatis, versus basin punctu-

latis, striis inequalibus, externis longioribus, suturali brevis-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 167

sima, basali, cum dorsali interna coniuncta, tibiis anticis sub-

6-dentatis. Long. ‘11. Specimen unicum. San Diego.

ce. Prosternum compressum leve, striis antice via divergentibus.

6. discoidalis, latus, nigro-gzneus, nitidus, capite

tenuiter marginato, thorace impresso lateribus valde punctatis,

disco postice levi, elytris striis impunctatis, externa elongata,

flexuosa, marginali brevi, interstitiis spatioque postico ad

suturam fere extensa opacis, cum lateribus parce punctatis,

3° usque ad medium nitido, tibiis anticis sub-4-dentatis.

Long. ‘18—3. Vallecitas, in cadaveribus ; optime ad divi-

sionem, B. spectat heec species.

7. alienus, latus, nigro-eeneus, nitidus, capite tenuiter

marginato, thorace impresso, lateribus valde punctatis, elytris

striis equalibus, dimidiatis, disco rotundato, ad apicem extenso,

humeris, maculaque ad interstitium 3™™ nitidis, levissimis,

reliquis opacis, punctatis, tibiis anticis 6-denticulatis.

d. Prosternum convecum striis divergentibus, medio approximatis.

8. lugens Er.=californicus Man. Bull. Mosc.

1843, 259. Habitat in Territorio Missouriensi, ad Sta Fe,

Novi Mexico, et in California ubique.

9. Oregonensis, latus, nigro-zeneus, nitidus, capite

tenuiter marginato, subtiliter punctato, thorace subimpresso,

plaga laterali angusta punctata, elytris aciculato-punctatis,

minus dense versus basin, spatio magno communi lateribusque

leevibus, striis sequalibus, punctulatis, dimidiatis, marginali

distincta, tibiis anticis fortius 5-serratis. Long ‘2. San Fran-

cisco, San Diego, et Nova Mexico. Variat stria suturali antice

obsoleta, vel abbreviata. Lec. Bost. Journ. 5, 75.

e. Prosternum convexum, utrinque ad apicem foveatum striis remotis divergentibus.

10. insertus, ovalis, convexus, atro-aneus, thorace

confertim subtilius punctato, elytris punctulatis, pone medium

168 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

punctatis, striis externis longioribus, marginali distincta, tibiis

anticis crenatis. Long. ‘15. San Francisco.

11. obductus, ovalis, convexus, atro-czeneus, thorace

confertim subtilius punctato, elytris punctulatis, pone medium

aciculatis, striis subequalibus paulo pone medium abbreviatis’

marginali distincta, tibiis anticis crenatis. Long. ‘17. Cali-

fornia borealis.

12. ciliatus, latus, e#neus, thorace confertissime

punctato, disco postice punctulato, margine longe ciliato,

elytris aciculatis, disco parvo scutellari parce punctulato, striis

internis longioribus, pone medium extensis, marginali distincta,

suturali antice obsoleta, tibiis anticis valde serratis. Long. ‘10.

Colorado; striis prosterni quam in preecedenti minus distan-

tibus.

13. vinctus, rotundatus, ater, nitidus, sat dense punc-

tatus, elytris striis subeequalibus, suturali integra, marginali

longiuscula, punctis versus basin paulo subtilioribus ; tibiis

anticis subserratis. Long. 10. Specimen unicum, San Diego.

14. laridus, rotundatus, ater, nitidus, thorace parce

punctato, elytris parce punctatis, subtilius versus basin, striis

fere parallelis, punctatis, dimidiatis, marginali distincta, tibiis

anticis crenulatis. Long. ‘(07—10. San Diego, in fimeto.

Variat stria suturali antice obsoleta.

15. scissus, rotundatus, ater nitidus, thorace parce

punctulato, elytris pone medium parce punctatis, antice vix

punctulatis, striis obliquis dimidiatis impunctatis, 1™* breviore,

suturali antice abbreviata, marginali distincta, tibils anticis

crenulatis. Long. ‘07. San Diego, in fucis putridis.

f. Prosternum compresso-carinatum, striis divergentibus.

16. vestitus, rotundatus, ater, opacus, confertim punc-

tatus, elytris striis equalibus, pone medium abbreviatis,

marginali indistincta, tibiis anticis valde serratis. Long. ‘10.

Specimen unicum, San Jose.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 169

17. fimbriatus, latus, eneus, nitidus, thorace margine

longe ciliato, lateribus punctato disco leevi, elytris striis equal-

ibus paulo pone medium abbreviatis, punctatis, area scutellari

magna levi, tibiis anticis valde serratis. Long. -11.—:15.

California, ubique ; variat (mas ?) thorace antice subimpresso ;

variat seepe elytris castaneis.

17. plenus, latus, wneus, nitidus, thorace lateribus

punctato, disco levi, elytris striis equalibus dimidiatis, mar-

ginali longiore, aciculatis, area scutellari magna levi, humeris

parce punctatis, tibiis anticis serratis. Long.:18. Colorado:

preecedenti simillimus, et punctis elytrorum densioribus, aci-

culatis, prosterno magis punctato, thoracis lateribus brevius,

parcius ciliatis solum distinctus.

19. vitiosus, latus zneus, nitidus, thorace lateribus punc-

tatis, ely tris aciculatis, area scutellari magna, apiceque leevibus,

lateribus parce punctatis, striis equalibus, 2" a sutura defi-

ciente: tibiis anticis serratis. Long. -11. Colorado, minus

frequens.

20. lubricus latus, eneus, nitidus, thorace lateribus

punctato, elytris striis eequalibus dimidiatis, confertissime

aciculatis, area scutellari ad striam internam extendente,

apiceque latiore levibus, humeris parce punctatis, tibiis sub-

tilius serratis. Long. 14. San Francisco et San Diego, fre-

quentissimus. )

21. cerulescens latus, cyanescens, confertim puncta-

tus, subtilius versus thoracis, et elytrorum basin, elytris striis

externis longioribus, tibiis anticis serratis, antennarum clava

maxima. Long. ‘15. Specimen unicum. San Diego, in

cadavere.

B. Caput antice marginatum: (strits prosterni fere

conniventibus.)

22. bigem meus rotundatus, eneus, elytris confertissime

aciculatis, area triangulari versus thoracis basin, altera scu-

BSEPT,, 1851, 18

170 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

tellari parva humerisque levibus nitidis, striis fere obsoletis,

externa longa, flexuosa, tibiis anticis 4-dentatis. Long. ‘10.

San Diego. ‘

23. lucidulus, oblongus, piceus nitidus, thorace

punctato, parcius in medio, elytris striis equalibus, longius-

culis, marginali longiore, area postica fere ad marginem ex-

tendente punctata: tibiis anticis 5-dentatis. Long. :13. San

Francisco, specimen unicum. 8. patruelem refert, at

thorace punctato distinctus.

Asrazus Leach.

1. maritimus, oblongus, minus convexus, niger,

thorace parce punctato, basi immarginato, elytris minus dense

punctatis, stria obliqua dimidiata notatis, pygidio impunctato.

Long. ‘04. San Diego, in fucis putridis. In hoc genere

maximus.

2. basalis, oblongus, subdepressus, piceus, parce sub-

tiliter punctatus, thorace basi striolato, medio marginato, ely-

tris striola nulla dorsali impressis, laterali tenui, humeris later-

ibusque levibus, pygidio parce punctulato. Long. ‘02. Ad

flumina Colorado et Gila, sub cortice.

CICINDELIDA.

CicinDELA Lin.

1. gravida, obscure eneo-brunnea, subtus viridi-

eenea, albo-pubescens, labro albo vix 3-dentato, fronte parce

punctato, thorace quadrato, postice subangustato, impression-

ibus transversis valde profundis, vix canaliculate, elytris tho-

race duplo Jatioribus, postice paulo dilatatis, lunula humerali

postice rectangulariter flexa, fascia medii rectangulariter flexa,

ad dedrantem descendente, cum margine albo coniuncta, lun-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 7

ulaque apicali supra breviter oblique adscendente, albis, mar-

gine summo neo, apice oblique attenuatis subtilissime

serratis. Long. 53. San Diego, ad oceani littora. Mas C.

albohirte simillimus, et thorace postice subangustato,

vix canaliculato differt. Femina thorace latiore, elytris ad

medium subito dilatatis, margine explanato.

2. imperfecta, elongata supra nigra, rugosa subtus

viridi «nea, fronte subtiliter striata, labro albo dente medii

prominulo, lateralibus obsoletis, thorace quadrato, postice

subangustato, lateribus fere rectis, impressionibus transversis

profundis, subtiliter canaliculato, elytris thorace duplo latiori-

bus, cuprascentibus parce punctatis, postice vix latioribus, lun-

ula obliqua humerali vix curvata, striga ad medium obliqua

subsinuata fere ad apicem descendente, marginem non atti-

gente, lunulaque apicali supra breviter oblique adscendente

tenuibus albis; apice non serratis. Long. ‘45. California

borealis. C. cinctipenni Lee. affinis thorace autem

postice minus angustato, elytrisque non albomarginatis differt.

3. tenuisignata, elongata, supra brunneo-znescens,

rugoso-eranulata labro albo vix dentato, fronte utrinque subti-

liter striata, thorace cylindrico, postice subangustato, impres-

sionibus distinctis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, confertim

punctatis, lunula humerali curvata obliqua, striga media obli-

que sinuata ad dodrantem descendente, cum margine albo

coniuncta, lunulaque apicali breviter oblique adscendente,

tenuibus albis, apice suboblique attenuatis serratis; subtus

viridi-zenea, albo-pubescens. Long. 43. Ad flumen Novum,

in desertis fluminis Colorado. Mas elytris cylindricis; Fe-

mina elytris ad medium paulo dilatatis.

4. hemorrhagica, nigro-cyanea, labro albo, medio

unidentato, fronte utrinque subtiliter striata, thorace quad-

rato, lateribus rectis, impressionibus transversis profundis,

elytris punctis minus densis ad apicem obsoletis, macula hu-

merali, altera submarginali, fascia media obtuse refracta,

172 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

macula marginali pone medium lunulaque subapicali oblique

ascendente clavata albis, apice serrulata ; subtus parce albo-

pilosa abdomine lete rufo. Long. -45—:55. San Diego ad

oceani littora, Junio. Variat maculis plus minusve obliteratis.

0. Sigmoidea, supra obscure enea, capite thoraceque

subtiliter evidenter rugosis, fronte utrinque striata, thorace

lateribus subrotundatis, postice leviter angustato, impressioni-

bus transversis profundis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus,

antice subangustatis, confertissime viridi-punctatis, lunula

humerali intus subito flexa, fascia media longius tortuosa

cum linea marginali postice dilatata coniuncta, lunulaque

apicali oblique intus breviter ascendente subhamata albis,

subtus viridi-zenea, albo-pubescens. Long. 47. San Diego,

ad portus ripas arenosas. Forma et summa affinitas C.

tortuose.*

6. latesignata, supra atra, subtus viridi-enea valde

pilosa, labro tridentato albo, fronte striata, punctata albo-

pilosa, thorace rugoso lateribus subrotundatis, postice suban-

gustato, impressionibus transyersis profundis, elytris convexi-

usculis, confertim punctatis, margine interrupta, lunula hu-

merali oblique producta, fascia intermedia refracta, lunulaque

apicali intus ascendente latis albis, apice late eequaliter

rotundatis, subserratis ; sutura levi, latius incrassata. Long.

*C. tortuosa, supraobscure znea, capite thoraceque subtilissime rugosis,

thorace postice subangustato, impressionibus transversis profundis, elytris thorace

duplo latioribus, antice vix angustatis, minus dense viridipunctatis, lunula hume-

rali intus subito fiexa, fascia media longius tortuosa cum linea marginali postice

dilatata coniuncta, lunulaque apicali oblique intus breviter ascendente subhamata,

albis tenuissimis sepius interruptis. Long. °50. Georgia et Louisiana, in

oryzaceis. Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 87.

C. ascendens, supra enea, capite thoraceque subtilius evidenter rugosis,

thorace postice non angustato, Jateribus paulo rotundatis, impressionibus transver-

sis profundis, elytris thorace vix duplo latioribus antice vix angustatis, minus dense

viridi-punctatis, lunula humerali intus subito flexa, fascia media longius valde tor-

tuosa, cum linea marginali postice dilatata coniuncta, lunulaque apicali oblique

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 173

‘5. San Diego, in pratis salinis, et ad oceani littora. Variat

maculis latissimis confluentibus, ita ut elytra alba videntur,

macula elongata, triangulari, postice dilatata, atra relicta.

Habitus et summa affinitas C. generose, punctis autem

profundioribus elytris ad apicem latius rotundatis, suturaque

latius inerassata differt.

CARABIDZ,

Eea Lap.

1. letula, lete rufo-testacea, nitida, thorace parvo

convexo, postice angustato, elytris pone basin transversim

impressis, dein infuscatis, striis profundis integris, 6'° abbre-

viata, interstitiis parce punctulatis setosisque; maculis ante

medium fasciatim positis, alteraque maiore pone medium

argenteis notatis, antennarum articulis 4 ultimis nigris,

Long. 15. Ad flumina Colorado et Gila, Martio, in locis

humidis frequentissima.

Drarxorvus Dej.

1. tenuicollis, saturate testaceus pubescens, capite

thoraceque parce punctulato, hoc elongato, postice valde

angustato, basi cylindrico, elytris striis impunctatis interstitiis

intus longe ascendente, fere cum fascia coniuncta. Long. -42, Specimen unicum a

Georgia, ad maris oras.

©. serpens, supra enea, capite thoraceque subtilius evidenter rugosis,

thorace postice vix angustato, lateribus minus rotundatis, impressionibus transver-

sis profundis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, antice subangustatis, minus dense

viridipunctatis maculis sicut in prioribus, fascia vero brevius tortuoso, lunulaque

apicali brevius ascendente valde hamata. Long. “45. Ad maris oras: Key West,

Florida. Dom. Jones.

C. cumatilis, lete cyaneo-purpurea labro vix dentato, fronte utrinque pro-

funde striata, thorace convexo postice non angustato, impressionibus transversis

profundis, elytris thorace fere duplo latioribus, confertim minus profunde punctatis

punctis 3 submarginalibus, alteris utrinque duobus posticis, minutissimis, lunulaque

apicali albidis, abdomine testacea. Long. “4. Louisiana. Dom. Guex. C. rufi-

ventri affinis multo minor.

174 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

Vix convexis, obsolete punctulatis, 3° indistincte multi-pune-

tato, setis paucis marginalibus instructis. Long. ‘21. Spec-

imen unicum. San Jose.

E\NAPHORUS.

Caput bast constrictum, collo crasso thoraci coniunctum :

mentum medio non dentatum: ligula valde elongata, angus-

tata: palpi labiales cylindrict, maxillares dilatati: an-

tenne articulo 1° sequentes 3 equante, reliquis subequalibus

latitudine longioribus, leviter compressis ; tarsi art. 4° sim-

plict, postict art. 1° elongato, unguiculis simplicibus.

Diaphoro similis, at habitu depresso, thoracis angulis

posticis prominulis, et antennis tarsisque posticis aliter con-

structis differt.

1. rufulus, rufo-testaceus, depressus, pubescens, cap-

ite thoraceque confertim punctatis, hoc elongato, canaliculato,

postice angustato, basi truncato, angulis extantibus, elytris

striatis interstitiis planis, confertim punctatis. Long. ‘22.

Ad San Jose, in locis humidis, sub lapidibus. Variat macula

communi suturali pone medium infuscata.*

Axtnopaupus Lec.t

Propter species subtus descriptas, diagnosim ampliorem

ut melius distinguatur hoc genus, adiungo.

* Adde genus novum THaxrivs.

Caput basi constrictum, collo crasso thoraci coniunctum; mentum medio eden-

tatum ; palpi labiales cylindrici, maxillares dilatati; antennz articulo 1™° sequen-

tes 3 equante, reliquis equalibus rotundatis, tarsi articulo 4° simplici, postici art.

1™° elongato, unguiculis simplicibus.

Optime Helluones cum Dryptinis coniungit hoc genus; habitu fere Hellu -

omorphe, articulo vero antennarum1™° longo mentoque edentato, Dia-

phoro similis, a quo tamen tarsis posticis minus elongatis, antennisque moniliatis

differt. Species unica, T. pygmeus—Helluo pygmeus. Dej. Sp. 2, 460.

In provinciis australibus rarissime. D, Schaum.

{+ Genus novum adiungo. APENEs.

Mentum dente magno obtuso: ligula apice rotundata paraglossis latissimis

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 175

Mentum medio acute dentatum: palpi maxillares elongati

(/abialibus triplo longiores) tenues, articulo ultimo longiore

fere acuto, labiales articulo ultimo longiore crasso, dilatato,

obconico: thorax postice angustatus, basi pedunculatus ;

tarst filiformes, tenues postict valde elongati, articulis 1—4

longitudine decrescentibus, unguiculis pectinatis (A. bi-

plagiatus) vel stmplicibus (A. fusciceps.)

1. californicus= Dromius californicus Motsch. Bull.

Mose. 1845, 336. tab. 5, fig 1. A. biplagiato simil-

limus, differt tamen pectore, epipleurisque nigris, femoribus

fuscis, unguiculisque non pectinatis.

2. fusciceps, pallidus capite supra obscuro, thorace

Jatitudine vix breviore postice angustato, angulis posticis ob-

tusis distinctis, elytris indistincte striatis bipunctatis. Long,

‘11. San Jose, sub quisquiliis frequens.

? Puitotecnus Sch.

Genus defectu librorum mihi non satis compertum, et

charactere imperfecto (Chenu Ene. Hist. Nat. Coleopt. 74.)

solum cognitum; genere Cymindi vel potius Glyciz proxi-

mus et unguiculis simplicibus tantum differe videtur.

Species duo hic descripte, tarsorum articulo 4'° emarginato,

non breviore; palpi labiales articulo ultimo longiore dilatato, maxillares labiali-

bus longiores tenues, articulo ultimo precedente duplo longiore, apice truncato

thorax postice pedunculatus ; tarsi articulo 4° leviter emarginato, unguiculis pec-

tinatis. Ab Axinopalpo differt palpis maxillaribus minus elongatis, apice

non acutis, labialibus minus incrassatis, articulo penultimo longiore, mento

longius dentato, tarsisque articulo 4'° non filiformi. Corpus punctatum non pilo-

sum. Hicponende sunt. C. lucidula Dej., C. sinuata Say, et species

nova.

A.opaca. Nigra, capite thoraceque nitidis parce punctulatis, hoe trans-

verso, postice angustato, angulis basalibus obtusissimis, basi medio valde producto,

elytris opacis striis subtiliter punctulatis, interstitiis planis, 3° bipunctato, hume-

ris rufescentibus : anteunis pedibusque testaceis, Long. ‘31. Specimen unicum in

Georgia inventum,

176 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

palpis labialibus articulo ultimo valde dilatato, praecedente

non longiore gaudent. |

1. nigricollis, nitidus capite confertim, thorace

parce punctato, nigrozneis, hoc cordato, postice valde angus-

tato, angulis posticis prominulis, elytris viridi-eeneis thorace

duplo latioribus, striis vix punctulatis, interstitiis planis parce

punctulatis, brevissime pubescentibus, antennis palpis pedibus-

que nigris. Long. °32. San Jose, minus frequens.

2. ruficollis, niger nitidus, capite subtiliter punctato,

thoraceque lete rufis, hoc cordato, postice valde angustato

anculis posticis prominulis, apice basique punctato, disco fere

levi, elytris viridi-eeneis thorace duplo latioribus, striis pune-

tulatis, interstitiis vix convexis, parce punctulatis, brevissime

pubescentibus, palpis ferrugineis. Long. “32. Specimen

unicum, San Diego.

Apristus Chaud.

Mentum medio viz dentatum ; palpi articulo ultimo ovali,

apice compresso, fere acuto, maxillares labialibus vix longi-

ores, art. ullimo longiore: thorace postice angustalus, bast

non pedunculatus, truncatus, vel paulo rotundatus, filiformes,

postict elongati, articulis 1\—4 gradatim brevioribus, ungut-

culis stmplicibus.

Huc ponendi sunt; A. cordicollis Chaud. Bull. Mosc.

1850, 66. (Dromius cordicollis Lee. An. Lye. 4,): Drom-

ius subsulcatus Dej. Sp. 2,451. Dr. latens Leo

An. Lye. 4, 191.

1. laticollis, nigro-subeneus, thorace latitudine bre-

viore, postice valde angustato, lateribus vix sinuato, angulis

posticis obtusis, basi utrinque leviter obliqua, elytris subtiliter

reticulatis, minus profunde sulcatis, interstitiis vix convexis,

parce subtiliter punctulatis, 3° bipunctato. Long.:15. San

Diego. D. subsuleato simillimus; thorace breviore,

elytris minus profunde sulcatis differt.

New, Species of Californian Coleoptera. i

Bomius. (@wmos = basis.)

Mentum medio vix dentalum; ‘palpi articulo ultimo

ovali, apice compresso, acuto, maxillares labialibus vix lon-

giores, art. ultimo longiore ; thorax postice angustatus, bast

pedunculatus ; tarsi tenues, filiformes, postict elongati artic-

ulis 1—4 gradatim brevioribus, unguiculis vel simplicibus,

vel vix dentaiis (B. Luci do).

In hoc genus inscribendi Dromius americanus

Dej. Sp. 5--361 et B. linearis (Dromius angustus Lec. An.

Lye. 4—191) et Dromius nigrinus Man. Bull. Mose.

1843. Forté cum Blechro coniungendum hoe genus, at

mentum medio bidentatum meminit Motschoulsky. (Bull.

Mose.)

1. lucidus,—elongatus niger nitidus, thorace latitu-

dine non longiore, postice valde angustato, latitudine basali

apicali sesqui minore, angulis posticis vix distinctis, elytris

abdomine paulo brevioribus, striis fere nullis, bipunctatis,

unguiculis simplicissimis. Long. .10. Colorado. B. lineari

minor thorace postice magis angustato, elytrisque minus ab-

breviatis.

Cyminpis Latr.

Species nostrates in divisiones duas naturales inscribi

possunt.

A. Corpore piloso; ¢ tarsorum anticorum art. 1—3

dilatatis; palpis labialibus vel dilatatis (C. pilosa) vel

cylindricis (C. reflexa).

Huc pertinent C. laticollis Say, cribricollis

Dej.. venator Dej.. americana Dej., pilosa Say,

elegans Lec, neglecta Hald, et reflexa Lec.

(Agass. Lac. Sup. 203).

B. Corpore glabro; ¢ articulis tarsorum anticorum ‘1—4

dilatatis; palpis omnibus eylindricis. C.limbata Dej.,

SEPT, 1851. 19

178 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

C. fuscata Dej., p! atycollis Lec. (Lebia platycollis

Say.) cum sequente.

1. punctigera, depressa, picea, subnitida, capite

parce punctato, thorace latitudine breviore, postice angustato,

margine latius reflexo, disco punctato, apice basique punctato,

angulis, posticis obtusis, non rotundatis, elytris striis punctu-

latis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, fere planis. Long. ‘4.

Ad flumina Colorado et Gila.

Lesa Latr.

1. guttula, pallida, nitida, capite postice utrinque

obsolete striato, thorace canaliculato subtilissime rugoso, lati-

tudine fere triplo breviore, antice angustato, lateribus valde

rotundatis, margine depresso reflexo, angulis posticis rectis,

basi paulo prolongata: elytris bipunctatis, sutura macula

rhomboidea pone medium communi, altera marginali, apice-

que nigro-piceis, abdomine nigro. Long. 15. Specimen

unicum ad Colorado.

2. ruficollis, nigra, capite vix subtiliter punctulato,

thorace rufo canaliculato, rugoso, obsoleteque punctato, lati-

tudine triplo breviore, antrorsum minus angustato, ad apicem

rotundato, margine late depresso, angulis posticis rectis, basi

modice prolongata ; elytris lete cyaneis tenuissime striatis,

bipunctatis, interstitiis planis, parce obsolete punctulatis.

Long. -23. San Diego: in Artemisiz folia.

Piuatynus Bon. Lec.

1. variolatus, subdepressus, nigro-zneus, thorace

transverso, rotundato, subtiliter canaliculato, angulis posticis

nullis, basi utrinque minus profunde impresso, elytris thorace

duplo latioribus, basi emarginatis, apice non sinuatis tenuiter

striatis, interstitiis planis, tertio. 5-foveato, fusco eeneis, mar-

gine lato pallido: antennarum basi pedibusque pallidis, palpis

nigris. Long. ‘25. San Francisco.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. tg

Cutznivs Bon.

1. regularis, obscure cyaneus, dense fusco-pubescens,

thorace latitudine haud breviore quadrato, antice posticeque

paulo angustato, lateribus paulo rotundatis minus dense

punctato, basi utrinque leviter impresso, linea longitudinali

subtili; elytris thorace duplo latioribus, ellipticis, basi trun-

catis, subtilissime striato-punctatis, interstitiis subtiliter

punctalatis, antennis palpis pedibusque ferrugineis. Long.

65. Ad flumina Colorado et Gila; C. rufipedem et

laticollem refert, at thoracis forma distinctus.

2. cumatilis,—elongatus, lete cyaneo-purpureus, vix

conspicue pubescens, occipite profunde parce punctato, thorace

cordato, latitudine haud breviore, postice angustato angulis

posticis rectis, parce grosse punctato, basi utrinque longius

impresso, elytris thorace fere duplo latioribus, striis obsolete

punctatis, interstitiis vix parce punctulatis, antennis palpis,

pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. ‘6. San Diego, et Sta Isabel.

Variat fronte viridescente.

3. apicalis, elongatus cyaneo-viridis, dense ferrugi-

neo-pubescens, capite profunde punctato, fronte levi, thorace

convexo, cordato, postice angustato, angulis rectis, grossius

minus dense punciato, basi vix impresso, elytris thorace fere

duplo latioribus striis subtilibus, antice punctatis, macula

magna apicali lete rufa; antennis palpis pedibusque ferru-

gineis. Long. -45. Ad fluminis Colorado ripas.

4. obscurus ,—obscure niger, subtiliter cinereo-pubes-

cens, capite subtilissime punctulato, thorace latitudine brevi-

ore, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis, minus dense

punctato, basi utrinque profundius impresso, linea longitudi-

nali utringue abbreviata, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus,

striis sat profundis, interstitiis confertim punctulatis, anten-

narum articulis duobus, palpis tibiisque piceis. Long. ‘43.

San Jose, et ad flumen Colorado.

18) New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

0. obsoletus,—obscure purpureus, cinereo-pubescens,

fronte virescente, capite vix subtilissime punctulato, thorace

lateribus rotundatis basi subangustato, angulis posticis obtu-

sis, minus dense punctato, punctis seepius fere obsoletis, basi

utrinque leviter striatim-impresso, linea longitudinali pro-

funda, abbreviata, elytris thorace plus sesqui latioribus, striis

sat profundis, interstitiis obsolete punctulatis, antennis palpis

pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. °37. San Diego, et Colorado.

6. monachus, elongatus, depressus, cyaneus, elytris

breviter cinereo-pubescentibus, thorace cordato, postice valde

angustato, versus basin grossius parce punctato, basi utrinque

profunde longius impresso, linea longitudinali profunda, ely-

tris thorace duplo latioribus, striis profundis, ad medium

punctatis, interstitiis distinctius punctulatis, antennis palpis,

pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. ‘50. Specimen unicum in

valle fluminis Gile. C. solitarium forma refert.

Ooves Bon.

1. elegans, elongatus cupreus nitidus, late viridi-mar-

ginatus, thorace ovali, latitudine longiore, antice posticeque

angustato, basi truncato, angulis posticis fere rectis, basi

utrinque puncto impresso, elytris profunde striatis, insterstitiis

leviter convexis, 3'° bipunctato, subtus niger, tibiis, tarsis,

palpis antennarumque basi pallidis. Long. ‘37. Ad fluminis

Gilee ripas, circa Pimas. ;

Loricera Latyr.

1. foveata, piceo-znea, nitida, thorace transverso,

lateribus valde rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis, subrotun-

datis. basi utrinque profunde impresso, parceque punctato,

elytris thorace latioribus, margine late testaceo, striis usque

ad medium profunde punctatis, interstitio 3'° trifoveato, 5

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 181

bifoveato; antennarum basi, palpis pedibusque pallidis,

Long. ‘31, San Francisco, specimen unicum.

Pzxciuus Bon.

1. cursorius; oblongus, niger, vix cyanescens, capite

subtilissime punctulato, thorace quadrato, antice angustato,

lateribus rotundatis, subtilissime canaliculato, margine tenui

reflexo, basi punctulata utrinque longius bistriata, elytris

striis impunctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, tertio 3-vel 4-

punctato, antennis fuscis, articulis 3 primis ferrugineis.

Long. -42. San Diego, ad montes.

2. subcordatus, elongatus, fere depressus, supra

viridizneus, nitidus, thorace subcordato, postice angustato,

lateribus vix sinuatis, margine non depresso, angulis posticis

rectis linea longitudinali abbreviata, basi utrinque bistriata

stria externa brevi, punctiformi, elytris striis ultra medium

fortiter punciatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3'° tripunctato,

antennis palpis pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. 45. Ad flu-

mina Colorado et Gila.

PrEROSTICHUS.

Feronia De).

1. lustrans, alatus elongato-oblongus, subdepressus,

niger nitidus, thorace latitudine vix breviore, subcordato, pos-

tice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, postice sinuatis, angulis

posticis rectis, basi parce punctato, utrinque profunde im-

presso, elytris thorace non latioribus, striis profundis impunc-

tatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3° tripunctato. Long. -43.

San Francisco, San Jose, et Sta Isabel: P. muto &c., sim-

ilis, at minus convexus.

2. simplex, apterus elongato oblongus, sat convexus,

niger subnitidus, thorace subquadrato latitudine non longiore

182 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis, fere rectis, non rotun-

datis, basi utrinque profunde unistriato, linea longitudinali

postice abbreviata, elytris thorace non latioribus, ovalibus,

tenuiter striatis, interstitiis planis, 5'° impunctato, palpis rufo-

piceis. Long. 65. San Jose et Sta Isabel.

3. illustris, elongatus, niger nitidus, thorace latitu-

dine fere longiore, cordato, postice magis subito angustato,

lateribus rotundatis, postice sinuatis, angulis posticis rectis,

prominulis, basi utrinque striato, elytris transversim convexis

thorace non latioribus profunde striatis, interstitiis convexis,

stria rudimentali brevi palpis rufo-piceis mesopleuris impunc-

tatis. Long. 65. San Diego et Sta Isabel P. adoxum

(Say) revocat. Variat striis elytrorum obsolete punctatis.

4. contractus, elongatus, niger nitidus, thorace lati-

tudine fere longiore, subcordato, postice sensim angustato,

lateribus leviter rotundatis, vix sinuatis, angulis posticis

rectis, basi utrinque striato, elytris transversim minus con-

vexis, thorace fere latioribus, profunde striatis, interstitiis

leviter convexis, stria rudimentali longiuscula, palpis rufo-

piceis meso pleuris punctatis. Long. ‘50. San Jose: pre-

eedente angustior, elytris minus convexis.

5. Isabelle, elongatus, niger nitidus, thorace latitu-

dine paulo breviore, subcordato, postice angustato, lateribus

rotundatis, postice breviter vix sinuatis, angulis posticis fere

obtusis, basi utrinque striato, elytris transversim minus con-

vexis, thorace paulo latioribus, profunde striatis interstitiis

paulo convexis, stria rudimentali longiuscula, palpis rufo-

piceis, mesopleuris antice punctatis. Long. ‘66. Sta Isabel.

Antsopactytus Dej.

1. californicus, oblongus, minus convexus, niger

nitidus, capite subtiliter punctulato, rubro-notato, thorace

parce punctulato, latitudine non sesqui breviore postice an-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 183

gustato, lateribus minus tenuiter marginatis, sinuatis, angulis

posticis rectis prominulis, basi utrinque late impressa dense-

que punctulata, elytris striis tenuibus, interstitiis paulo con-

vexis, 3° unipunctato, palpis antennarumque articulo 1m

rufo-piceis. Long. -47. Oregon et California; variat elytris

bipunctatis : Dej. 4, 148.

2. confusus, oblongus, minus convexus, niger nitidus,

capite subtiliter punctulato rubro-notato, thorace punctulato,

latitudine sesqui breviore, postice angustato, lateribus non

sinuatis, tenuiter marginatis angulis posticis rectis, non

prominulis, basi utrinque late impressa, dense punctulata,

elytris thorace non latioribus, striis tenuibus, interstitiis

paulo convexis, 3° impunctato, palporum apice, antennarum-

que articulo 1™° rufo-piceis, hoc fusco maculato. Long. 46.

San Francisco, frequentissimus ; preecedenti similis, at tho-

race lateribus non sinuatis, angulisque posticis non prominu-

lis distinctus. |

3. brevicollis, oblongus, minus convexus, niger,

capite subtiliter punctulato, vix rubro-notato, thorace punctu-

lato, latitudine fere duplo breviore, postice oblique angustato,

lateribus non sinuatis, margine tenui depresso, ad medium

evanescente, angulis posticis obtusis, basi utrinque latius

minus profunde impressa, dense punctulata ; elytris striis

profundioribus, interstitiis paulo convexis, 3 unipunctato.

Long. ‘47. Sta Isabel: preecedentibus latior.

4. consobrinus, oblongus, fere depressus, niger niti-

dus, capite vix punctulato, thorace punctulato, latitudine plus

sesqui breviore, postice oblique angustato, lateribus non sinu-

atis, margine tenui depresso, fere ad basin extendente, angu-

lis posticis obtusis, basi utrinque profundius impressa, dense

punctulata, elytris profundius Striatis, interstitiis paulo con-

vexis, 3° unipunctato, palpis apice, antennarumque art, 1™°

tufo-piceis. J,ong. -47. California borealis.

5. similis, oblongus, minus Convexus, niger, capite

184 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

vix punctulato, thorace punctulato, latitudine sesqui breviore,

postice non angustato, margine tenui depresso pone medium

evanescente, angulis posticis rectis, basi vix impressa, dense

punctulata, elytris tenuiter striatis, interstitiis fere planis, 3'°

impunctato, antennarum articulo 1™° rufo-piceo, fusco-notato.

Long. 46. .Oregon.

6. alternans, oblongus sat convexus, nigro-viridis,

nitidus, thorace latitudine vix breviore, postice angustato,

lateribus subsinuatis tenuiter marginatis, angulis posticis

rectis, basi utrinque profunde impressa, punctataque ; elytris

thorace latioribus, (feminze opacis) subtiliter punctulatis,

brevissime pubescentibus, interstitiis fere planis, alternatim

densius punctulatis; ad apicem sinuatis, antennarum articulo

1™° yufo. Long. 4. San Jose, minus frequens.

7. amaroides,—ovalis sat convexus, obscure eneus,

thorace latitudine duplo breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateri-

bus rotundatis tenuiter marginatis, angulis posticis rectis,

basi utrinque sat profunde impressa, punctataque: elytris

thorace vix latioribus, interstitiis fere planis, 3° unipunctato,

antennis basi testaceis. Long. °388. San Francisco, minus

frequens; tibiis anticis calcare terminali simplici; variat

lete cyaneus, subtus rufo-piceus.

DicuEirus Man.

Genus Amphasie proximum, differt tamen tarsts posticis

minus tenuibus, articulis 2—4 triangularibus, fere transver-

sis: tibiisque anticis calcare trifido (sicul in Anisodactylis

§2) terminatis. In mare tarsi intermedii via dilatati sunt,

antici valde dilatati, subtus dense breviter setost articulo

1™° angustiore. Errore inductus Ill. Com. Mannerheim

tibias anticas bicalcaratas declarat ; sed rite excaminate, cal-

car trifidum plane exhibent.

1. paralellus, oblongo-elongatus, parallelus, nigro-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 185

piceus, parce brevissime setosus, capite thoraceque parce grosse

punctatis, hoc latitudine vix breviore, postice vix angustato,

angulis posticis obtusis, subrotundatis, basi vix impresso : ely-

tris interstitiis leviter convexis, minus dense biseriatim punc-

tatis, pedibus rufo-piceis. Long. ‘3. San Jose et San Diego,

minus frequens.

29, obtusus, oblongus, depressus, nigro-piceus, pube

rigida brevi cinerea vestitus, capite thoraceque grosse puncta-

tis, hoc latitudine breviore, postice angustato, angulis posticis

valde obtusis, basi utrinque leviter impresso, elytris intersti-

tiis fere planis, dense biseriatim punctatis, pedibus palpisque

ferrugineis. Long. ‘29. San Jose minus frequens.

”

Harpauus Latr.

1. obesulus, oblongo-ovalis, paulo convexus niger ni-

tidus, thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, apice angustato,

margine non depresso, angulis posticis rectis, basi utrinque

obsolete biimpresso, vix rugose-punctulato, elytris thorace

paulo latioribus, apice oblique sinuatis, striis postice profun-

dioribus, interstitiis vix convexis, 3° unipunctato, antennarum

basi testaceis. Long. ‘35. Specimen unicum femineum ;

- Oregon.

2. advena, elongato-ovalis, paulo convexus, niger niti-

dus, thorace latitudine breviore, antice subangustato, angulis

posticis rectis, margine ad medium obsolete explanato, basi

utrinque leviter foveato, obsolete punctulato, elytris apice

oblique subsinuatis, interstitiis vix convexis, 3° unipunctato,

palpis antennarumque basi rufo-testaceis. Long. ‘39. H.

cauto maior, nitidior, thorace basi profundius impresso,

elytrisque striis profundioribus differt.

3. fraternus, oblongus, fere depressus, niger nitidus,

thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, postice angustato, an-

gulis posticis obtusis, ultra medium tenuiter marginato, basi

utrinque vix impressa obsoleteque punctulata, elytris thorace

FEB. 1852. _ 20

186 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

non latioribus, apice oblique subsinuatis, interstiis fere planis,

3° unipunctato, palporum apice truncata rufescente. Long.

‘58. Specimen unicum masculinum. Oregon. Habitus fere

Anisodactyli confusi, at latior.

Opontium Lec.

1. carinatum, eneum, nitidum, thorace latitudine

sesqui breviore, basi vix angtistato, utrinque breviter biimpres-

so, elytris profunde seriatim punctatis, carinula obliqua hu-

merali ad striam 5°" extendente, antennarum palporumque

basi pallidis: pedibus, ferrugineo-zneis. Long. ‘25. Ad flu-

men Colorado. ;

OcuTHEDROMuS Zim.

A. striis elytrorwm integris.

1. bifossulatus, eneus, versus medium nitidus,

thorace latitudine plus sesqui breviore, basi valde angus-

tato, breviterque sinuato, angulis posticis prominulis, la-

teribus valde rotundatis basi utrinque latius minus profunde

impresso, rugosoque : elytris subtiliter seriatim punctatis, ad

striam 3" profunde bifoveatis, trochanteribus anticis rufescen-

tibus. Long. ‘3. San Diego, minus frequens. O. ameri-

canum valde refert.

2. sexpunctatus, elongatus depressus, piceo-sube-

neus, thorace postice subangustato, lateribus rotundato, an-

gulis basalibus fere obtusis, basi utrinque breviter 1-striata,

carinulaque ad angulum instructa, elytris testaceis striato-

punctatis, interstitio 3° punctis 3 parvis notato ; palpis pedi-

busque testaceis. Long. ‘22. Specimen unicum ad Colora-

do: elytris tripunctatis abnormis hee species.

3. insulatus, depressus nigroeneus, pernitidus tho-

race brevi, postice valde angustato, lateribus valde rotundato,

angulis posticis rectis, basi utrinque impresso rugoso et ca-

rinula angulari instructo, elytris thorace latioribus, subtiliter

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 187

striatopunctatis, bipunctatis, humeris macula rectangulata

pallida circumcinctis, altera annulari ad apicem, epipleu-

risque pallidis: pedibus piceis. Long. ‘25. San Diego, in

pratis salinis: species pulcherrima, maculis apicalibus ad

suturam conniventibus, fasciam undulatam formantibus.

4. laticollis, depressus nigro-zneus, nitidus, thorace

brevi, postice valde angustato, lateribus. valde rotundato, an-

gulis posticis rectis, basi utrinque profundius impressa, cari-

na angulari distincta, elytris thorace paulo latioribus, subti-

liter striatis, bipunctatis, striis antice minute punctatis, mar-

gine toto fasciis solitis postica brevi, apiceque late, epipleu-

ris antennis pedibusque pallidis. Long. :17. Colorado;

elytrorum margo extima nigra est; variat abdomine rufo.

5. approximatus, depressus, nigro-wzneus, nitidus,

thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, postice angustato, lateribus

rotundatis, postice subsinuatis, angulis rectis, basi utrinque

profundius impresso, carina angulari longa acuta, elytris sub-

tiliter striatis, bipunctatis, striis antice minutissime punctatis,

maculis solitis indistinctis, apice, epipleurisque pallidis, pe-

dibus obscure testaceis. Long. ‘21. San Diego, et San

Francisco, variat maculis elytrorum fere obsoletis, epipleuris-

que nigris.

6. consentaneus, depressus, nigro-zeneus, nitidus,

thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, postice angustato, lateri-

bus rotundatis, postice subsinuatis, angulis rectis, basi utrin-

_ que profundius impresso, carina angulari longuiscula, acuta,

elytris subtiliter striatis, bipunctatis, striis antice minutis-

sime punctatis, maculis solitis indistinctis, apiceque pallidis,

epipleuris plus minusve, pedibusque obscure testaceis. Long.

"17. San Diego. Preecedenti simillimus, sesqui minor, cari-

naque thoracis breviore sat distinctus.

7. indistinetus, depressus, nigro-zneus, nitidus,

thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, postice angustato lateribus

haud simatis, angulis fere obtusis, basi utrinque profundius,

188 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

impresso, rugosoque, carina angulari distincta brevi, elytris

subtiliter striatis, bipunctatis, striis ad medium punctulatis,

maculis solitis apice epipleurisque pallidis: pedibus antenna-

rumque basi testaceis. Long. ‘17. Bembidium indistinctum

Man. Bull Mose. 1843. Ad San Francisco abundat. Variat

maculis plus minusve obsoletis.

8. tesselatus, depressus nigro-subeneus, nitidus,

thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, postice angustato, lateribus

vix sinuatis, angulis rectis, basi latius profunde impresso, ru-

gosoque, carina angulari longiuscula subtili, elytris striatis,

bipunctatis, striis ad medium punctatis, maculis solitis valde

distinctis angustis, apice, epipleuris, antennarum basi, pedi-

busque pallidis. Long. ‘15. San Diego, in salinis.

9. ephippiger, longiusculus, minus depressus, eeneo-

virescens, nitidus, thorace latitudine fere sesqui breviore,

postice leviter angustato, angulis rectis, basi utrinque profun-

dius impresso, punctulato, carina subtili distincta, elytris

elongatis thorace vix latioribus, bipunctatis, fortius striato-

punctatis, striis ad apicem fere obsoletis, pallidis, scutello,

fascia angulata ad medium, maculaque rotundata subsuturali

paulo pone medium nigricantibus, palpis pedibusque testaceis,

antennis obscuris. Long. 16. San Diego, in pratis salinis,

minus frequens.

B. Striis plus minusve obsoletis.

10. connivens, minus depressus, nigro-zneus, niti-

dus, capite sulcis frontalibus profundis antice conniventibus,

thorace cordato, angulis posticis rectis, basi utrinque profunde

impresso, carina angulari distincta, elytris bipunctatis, striato-

punctatis, stria 7™! vix distincta, macula postica, apice, an-

tennarum basi pedibusque flavo-testaceis. Long. ‘13. San

Francisco, minus frequens. Species omnino abnorma; divi-

siones Notaphum et Peryphum conjungere videtur.

11. angulifer, niger nitidissimus, sulcis frontalibus

antice conniventibus thorace cordato, angulis posticis acutis,

basi utrinque profunde impresso, carina angulari brevi, elytris

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 189

thorace latioribus convexis, bipunctatis, usque ad medium

subtiliter punctato-striatis, apice maculaque subapicali ob-

scure pallidis. Long. 15. Specimen unicum: San Francisco.

12. aratus, nigro-eneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine

vix breviore, postice angustato, lateribus rotundatis postice

sinuatis angulis rectis, basi profunde impresso, carina dis-

tincta, elytris thorace latioribus, convexiusculis, bipunctatis,

punctato-striatis, punctis approximatis, ad apicem obsoletis,

stria 7™* versus apicem exarata: macula subapicali pallida

parva notatis ; tibiis tarsisque obscure testaceis. Long. °17.

Ad flumen Gila minus frequens.

13. grandicollis, nigro-eneus, nitidissimus, thorace

latitudine sesqui breviore, postice magis angustato, lateribus

valde rotundatis, postice breviter sinuatis, angulis rectis, ba-

si marginato, utrinque fortiter impresso, carina angulari dis-

tincta, elytris thorace vix latioribus convexis subtiliter punc-

tato-striatis, striis postice obsoletis, 7" ad medium desinente.

Long. *18. San Diego: specimen unicum.

14. vilis, nigro-zneus, nitidus, sulcis frontalibus par-

allelis, thorace cordato, angulis posticis acutis, basi fere

marginato utrinque profunde impresso, carina angulari dis-

tincta, elytris thorace latioribus, convexis, bipunctatis, forti-

ter punctato-striatis, versus apicem levigatis, striis externis

brevioribus, 7™* ad medium desinente. Long. -10. Specimen

unicum: San Diego.

15. dubitans, nigro-zneus, nitidus, sulcis frontalibus

convergentibus, thorace valde cordato, angulis posticis vix

rectis, basi utrinque impressa punctis marginata, carina an-

gulari minutissima, elytris bipunctatis punctato-striatis, striis

internis profundioribus, omnibus ad apicem obliteratis ; ma-

cula pone humerum triangulari obscure pallida. Long. °12.

Ad San Francisco, minus frequens. O. affinem. Lec.

(Bemb. aff. Say) refert.

16. cruralis, nigro-eneus, nitidus, sulcis frontalibus

190 - New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

convergentibus, thorace valde cordato, angulis posticis vix

rectis, basi marginato, utrinque profunde impresso, carinula

angulari vix distincta, elytris thorace latioribus bipunctatis,

subtilissime punctato-striatis, ad apicem leevigatis, tibiis, tar-

sisque pallidis. Long. ‘11. San Jose.

17. mundus, niger, nitidissimus, thorace latitudine

vix breviore, postice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, vix sinua-

tis angulis posticis rectis, basi marginato, utrinque profundius

foveato, carina angulari brevissima ; elytris thorace latioribus,

bipunctatis, estriatis, maculis utrinque 2 pallidis ornatis ; an-

tennarum basi, pedibusque flavis. Long. ‘14. San Jose,

minus frequens.

18. striola, subdepressus, niger nitidus, vix eeneus,

thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, postice angustato, lateribus

valde rotundatis, postice sinuatis, angulis rectis, basi utrinque

longius impresso, carina angulari distincta, elytris thorace la-

tioribus, bipunctatis, subtiliter seriatim punctatis, striis postice

obliteratis, 7™* nulla; macula subapicali, antennarum basi,

palpis pedibusque flavis. Long. -23. San Diego. O. post-

remus (Lec.) refert.

19. Mannerheimii, depressus, nigro-zneus, subvir-

escens, nitidus, thorace latitudine fere sesqui breviore, postice

angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis, fortius

marginato, basi utrinque breviter profundius impresso, punctu-

latoque, carina nulla; elytris thorace latioribus, subtiliter

striato-punctatis, bipunctatis, stria 7™ postice obsoleta, 5" ad

apicem profundiore ; macula magna humerali, alteraque api-

cali, antennarum basi palpis pedibusque flavis. Long. ‘3.

Bembidium transversale Man. Bull. Mos. 1848, 216. Ab

Och. transversali Lec. (Bemb. trans. Dej.) angulis

thoracis posticis acutioribus, striaque elytrorum 7™ haud ob-

literata distinctus. San Diego, minus frequens.

20. trechiformis, depressus, nigercceruleo-micans,

thorace latitudine vix sesqui breviore, postice angustato, la-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 19T

teribus rotundato, angulis posticis vix rectis, basi utrinque

breviter profunde impresso, carina angulari distincta, elytris

thorace latioribus, bipunctatis, striis subtilissimis, obsolete

punctatis, externis valde abbreviatis: 5‘* ad apicem distincta,

7™ nulla, antennarum basi palpis pedibusque flavis. Long.

‘22. Habitat ad montes, circa Sta Isabel. O. planum Lec.

(Pery. plan. Hald.) refert, at carina angulari thoracis valde

distinctus.

21. iridescens, depressus, niger, cceruleomicans, tho-

race latitudine vix breviore, postice subangustato, lateribus

paulo rotundato, angulis posticis rectis, basi utrinque latius

impresso, punctulatoque, carina angulari indistincta, elytris

, thorace latioribus, bipunctatis, subtiliter striatis, striis exter-

nis obliteratis, 5° ad apicem distinctiore ; apice rufescente,

antennarum basi pedibusque flavis. Long. "15. Specimen

unicum: San Jose. Priorem refert : plus duplo minor.

PERICOMPSUS.

Caput sulcis frontalibus. Mentum basi angustum, pro-

_fundius biimpressum, dente mediali brevissimo fere obsoleto.

Palpi labiales crassissimi. Elytra bipunctata stria scutel-

lari nulla, suturali haud recurvata ; marginali integra.

Tarst anticis $ haud dilatatt. (?)

Ad hoe genus pertinet Be mbidium ephippiatum

Say. (Tachys ephippiatus Lec.) forma propter striam sutura-

lem simplicem, et marginalem haud interruptam locum gene-

ricum tenere haud indignum. Speciminaplurima examinavi,

sed tarsis anticis dilatatis in nullo invenire potui.

1. sellatus, rufo-testaceus, vix nitidus, thorace latitu-

dine vix breviore, confertim rugoso, postice angustato, lateri-

bus leviter rotundatis, late marginatis, ad basin marginato,

utringue longius impresso, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris tho-

race latioribus, striis sex profundis notatis, disco macula mag-

na communi fere ad marginem extensa rufo-picea, sutura

192 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

infuscata. Long. -12. Ad flumen Colorado, minus frequens.

Variat macula antice indeterminata.

2. letulus, elongatus, parallelus, rufo-testaceus niti-

dus, thorace latitudine plus sesqui breviore, postice paulo an-

gustato, angulis posticis rectis, basi valde marginato, utrinque

bipunctato, elytris thorace vix latioribus, striis sex subtilibus

punctulatis notatis, disco macula magna oblonga communi

picea, sutura infuscata. Long. ‘10. In valle fluminis Gila,

circa Pimas.

Tacuys Kn.

Genus sic constitutum, limitibus distinctis definitum, di-

agnosi sequenti facile cognoscitur. Caput sulcis frontalibus;

mentum medio breviter dentatum: elytra bipunctata, stria

scutellari nulla, suturali valde recurvata, marginali profunda

late interrupta.

Secundem puncturam elytrorum in turmas duas dividi

possint.

A. Elytra puncio secundo paulo pone medium sito. (Cor-

pus minus depressum.)

1. obesulus, rufo-testaceus, nitidissimus, thorace lati-

tudine sesqui breviore, postice angustato, lateribus valde ro-

tundato, angulis posticis rectis, basi profunde transversim

impresso, tripunctato, utrinque foveato, carina angulari brevis-

sima, elytris thorace latioribus, dorso obscurioribus, stria su-

turali profunda. Long. *12. In vallem fluminis Gila, in

truncis putridis. Speciebus aliis maior et crassior.

2. anthrax, niger, nitidissimus, thorace brevi, postice

vix angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis rectis, basi

profunde transversim impresso, utrinque foveato, carinula an-

gulari brevissima, elytris thorace vix latioribus, stria suturali

profunda, antennarum basi, tibiis tarsisque piceis. Long. ‘09.

Specimen unicum San Diego.

3. rapax, elongatus, rufo-testaceus, nitidissimus, tho-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 193

race latitudine vix breviore, postice haud angustato, lateribus

rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis, basi profunde transversim

impresso, utrinque profundius foveato, elytris thorace vix la-

tioribus, stria suturali profunda. Long. ‘08. Ad fluminis

Gile ripas, frequens. ‘

4. audax, elongatus, testaceus, nitidissimus, thorace la-

titudine fere sesqui breviore, basi haud angustato, lateribus

rotundatis, angulis posticis fere obtusis, basi profunde trans-

versim impresso, sub-tripunctato, utrinque minus profunde

foveato, carina vix distincta, elytris thorace vix latioribus,

stria suturali profunda, basi seepius vix attingente. Long.

‘09. Ad Colorado et Gile ripas.

B. Elytra puncto secundo fere ad apicem sito. (Corpus gra-

cilius depressiusculum thorace basi transversim impresso,

seepius haud foveato.)

5. marginellus, nigro-piceus, nitidissimus, thorace la-

titudine sesqui breviore, postice angustato, angulis fere rectis,

lateribus valde rotundatis, elytris thorace latioribus, striis 3

subtilibus, suturali profundiore, margine latissimo flavo (mar-

gine summo infuscato); antennarum basi pedibusque flavis.

Long. -10. Habitat ad flumen Colorado, circa millia xxx a

mare.

6. vittiger, nigro-piceus, nitidissimus, thorace latitu-

dine sesqui breviore, postice angustato, angulis fere rectis, la-

teribus valde rotundatis, thorace latioribus elytris bistriatis, -

stria suturali profundiore, vitta submarginali flava a humeris

fere ad apicem extensa, antennarum basi, pedibusque flavis.

Long. -10. Habitat ad San Diego, in pratis salinis. Preece-

dente paulo minor, thorace postice paulo minus angustato.

7. mordax, elongatus, depressus, pallide testaceus, ni-

tidus, thorace latitudine breviore, postice angustato, angulis

posticis prominulis, elytris thorace paulo latioribus obsolete

bistriatis, stria suturali vix profundiore. Long. ‘09. Speci-

men unicum ad Colorado.

FEB., 1852. 21

194 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

8. virgo, nigro-piceus, elongatus, fere depressus, niti-

dus, thorace piceo, latitudine vix breviore, postice subangus-

tato, angulis fere rectis, elytris thorace latioribus, striis 2 vel

3 obsoletis suturali vix profundiore, pallidis disco ad medium

late infuscato, antennis, pedibusque pallidis. Long. ‘09.

Specimen unicum ad San Diego.

9. edax, elongatus, fere depressus, piceus, nitidus,

thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, postice angustato, la-

teribus rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis, basi utrinque late

foveato, elytris thorace latioribus, obsolete striatis, striis 2 in-

ternis profundioribus ; antennarum articulo 1™° pedibusque

pallidis. Long. .07.

10. corax, latiusculus, depressus, niger nitidus, thorace

latitudine duplo breviore, postice angustato, lateribus rotun-

dato, angulis posticis obtusis, reflexis, basi utrinque subfovea-

to, elytris thorace latioribus, striis 2 indistinctis, pedibus

piceis. Long. ‘08. Specimen unicum ad flumen Novum,

desertorum Colorado. T. inornatum refert.

11. vorax, latiusculus, depressus rufo-testaceus, niti-

dus, capite obscuro, thorace latitudine plus duplo breviore,

postice angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis obtusis

reflexis, basi utrinque foveato, elytris thorace latioribus, striis

2 indistinctis ; disco seepius infuscato. Long. 08. Ad flumi-

nis Gil et Colorado ripas, frequens.

AKEPHORUS.

Ligula brevis cornea, apice rotundata ; maxille longa,

apice acuta inflexe, intus valde barbate : mandibule longius-

cule, apice valde acute curvateque, intus edentate. Mentum

via transversum planum, antrorsum angustatum, valde emar-

ginatum, medio dente brevi armatum, lobis lateralibus acutis,

lateribus rotundatum. Labrum profunde emarginatum, lobis

rotundatis. Palpi articulo ultimo subsecuriformi ; antenne

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 195

articulis 2° 3° que equalibus. Tibie antice spinis termi-

nalibus longissimis, eatus digitata, tarsi tenues, paranychio

inter ungues nullo.

Habitus fere Dyschirii, at thorace majore, elytrisque ante

medium gradatim attenuatis, humeris omnino nullis, facie pe-

culiari gaudet: elytris pone medium declivibus, apice subito

rotundatis, punctis marginalibus nullis.

1. marinus, pallide-testaceus, subnitidus, capite tho-

raceque subtilissime rugosis, hoc subquadrato, basi rotundata,

medio producta, linea longitudinali integra : elytris subovatis,

antrorsum valde angustatis, pone medium sensim paulo an-

gustatis, apice declivibus, subito subtruncatis, tenuiter striatis,

margine haud punctato, macula transversa communi fusca ad

medium ornatis. Long. °25. Ad littora oceani circa San

Diego, Junio frequentissimus : arena fodiens, et crustaceorum

minutorum raptu subsistens : elytris punctis nullis insculptis,

striis ad apicem et basin obsoletis.

ar Dyscurrius Bon.

1. tridentatus, nigro-eneus, nitidus, epistomate 3-

dentato, fronte breviter cristata, sulcis profundis, thorace

transverso, convexo, antrorsum angustato, elytris basi margi-

natis, striis profundis punctatis, postice integris, interstitiis

-paulo convexis, 3° tripunctato, tibiis anticis extus acute bidi-

gitatis; spina exteriore longiore, paulo curvata. Long. ‘18.

Specimen unicum ad San Diego lectum.

2. convexus, nigro-eneus, nitidus, epistomate 3-den-

_ tato, fronte breviter cristato, sulcis frontalibus profundis, tho-

race transverso, convexo, antrorsum subangustato, elytris basi

marginatis, striis postice integris, tenuiter punctatis, intersti-

tiis planis, 3° tripunctato ; tibiis anticis extus uni-digitatis,

denteque superiore armatis: spina exteriore vix longiore,

paulo curvata. Long. 16. San Diego, minus frequens.

186 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

3. patruelis, nigro-eneus, nitidus, epistomate biden-

tato, lateribus obliquis, fronte subtiliter cristata, sulcis profun-

dis, thorace ovali, non transverso, elytris basi non marginatis,

striis integris, ultra medium tenuiter punctatis, interstitiis

paulo convexis, 3° tripunctato, tibiis anticis extus 1-digitatis,

denteque superiore armatis, spina exteriore longiore curvata.

Long. ‘14. San Diego, sat frequens.

4. consobrinus, nigro-zneus, nitidus, epistomate

truncato, lateribus fere rotundatis, fronte transversim impres-

sa, sulcis profundis, thorace rotundato, elytris non angustiore,

his basi non marginatis, striis integris ultra medium puncta-

tis, interstitiis convexis, 3 _ bidendato; tibiis anticis extus

muticis, spina exteriore vix longiore curvata. Long. ‘13. Spe-

cimen unicum: San Francisco.

0. integer, nigro-zneus, nitidus, epistomate bidenticu-

lato, fronte sulcis profundis, puncto elevato inter oculos notata,

thorace rotundato, elytris vix angustiore, his basi marginatis,

striis profundis postice integris, ad medium grosse punctatis,

interstitiis convexis, 5'° tripunctato, tibiis anticis extus biden-

ticulatis, spina exteriore non longiore, curvata. Long. ‘12.

Ad flumen Colorado, frequens.

6. aratus, elongatus, nigro-eneus, nitidus, epistomate

bidenticulato, fronte suleis curvatis profundis, thorace sub-

quadrato, antice vix angustato, elytris basi non marginatis,

striis utrinque abbreviatis, usque ad medium grosse punctatis,

apice striola obliqua profunde exarata notatis, pedibus rufis,

tibiis anticis extus 1-dentatis, spinis eequalibus valde curva-

tis. Long. 12. Ad flumis Gile ripas: interstitio 3° im-

punctato singularis.

7. analis, elongatus, nigro-eneus, nitidus, epistomate

bidenticulato, fronte sulcis profundis, thorace ovali, linea lon-

gitudinali profundiore, elytris basi non marginatis, striis basi

abbreviatis, antice profundis, usque ad medium grosse punc-

tatis, externa apice exarata, interstitio 3° tripunctato, apice

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 1914

rufis: antennarum basi pedibus posterioribus abdomineque

testaceis: pedibus anticis rufo-piceis, tibiis extus unidenta-

tis, denteque superiore obsoleto, spinis sequalibus, valde cur-

vatis. Long. °12. Ad fluminis Colorado ripas.

Scuizocenius Putzeys.

1. depressus, elongatus, valde depressus, rufus niti-

dus, epistomate 5-dentato, capite plurisuleato, occipite punc-

tulato, thorace antrorsum non angustato, elytris striis ultra

medium subtiliter punctulatis, interstitiis subconvexis, alter-

natim pluripunctatis, tibiis anticis extus bidigitatis. Long.

16. Ad flumen Colorado.

2. simplex, elongatus, subdepressus, niger nitidus,

epistomate 5-denticulato, capite plurisulcato, thorace antror-

sum vix angustato, elytris striis profundis, impunctatis, in-

terstitiis valde convexis alternatim pluripunctatis, ore anten-

nis pedibusque rufis, tibiis anticis extus bidigitatis, denteque

superiore armatis. Long. 16. Colorado.

3. pluripunctatus, elongatus, vix depressus, niger

znescens, nitidus, epistomate 5-dentato, capite plurisulcato,

occipite punctato, thorace antrorsum leviter angustato, elytris

striis profundis, obsolete punctatis, interstitiis convexis, alter-

natim punctis 15—20 impressis : pedibus ferrugineis, tibiis an-

ticis extus bidigitatis, denteque obsolete superiore armatis.

Long. *17. Ad flumen Colorado: preecedenti similis, at ma-

ior, punctisque elytrorum magis approximatis.

4. crenulatus, elongatus, cylindricus, niger, sub-

eenescens, nitidus, epistomate 4-denticulato, capite plurisul-

cato, occipite punctato, thorace utrinque bistriato, stria exter-

na utrinque valde abbreviata, punctata, elytris striis profundis,

fere ad apicem fortiter crenatis, antennis pedibusque rufo-

piceis, tibiis anticis extus bidigitatis, denteque superiore ar-

matis. Long. ‘17. Ad flumen Colorado.

198 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

Cuivina Latr.

1. confusa, elongata, cylindrica nigra nitida, episto-

mate truncato, alis rotundatis, sulcis frontalibus integris, si-

nuatis, occipite levi, thorace latitudine non longiore, antror-

sum paulo angustato, elytris striis profundis, fere ad apicem

punctatis, interstitio 3° 5-punctato, tibiis anticis extus bidi-

gitatis, denticuloque obsoleto superiore armatis, spina termi-

nali exteriore longiore, breviter curvata, intermediis calcara-

tis. Long. 3. Ad fluminis Colorado ripas: habitus fere C.

dentipedis, et femoribus anticis similiter armatis; differt

tamen thorace breviore, antice subangustato.

2. punctulata, elongata, depressa, rufa, nitida, epis-

tomate truncato, alis obliquis, subsinuatis, capite parce punc-

tulato, sulcis frontalibus profundis, inter oculos utrinque

longitudinaliter elevato, medio sulcato, thorace punctulato,

subquadrato, antice non angustato, elytris striis fere ad api-

cem punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, 3° 4-punctato, tibiis

anticis extus bidigitatis, denticuloque superiore armatis, in-

termediis extus calcaratis. Long. ‘21. San Jose, in

aquosis.

Scarites Fabr.

1. californicus, niger nitidus, mandibularum sulco

integro, profundo, vix rugoso, impressionibus frontalibus pro-

fundis, thorace latitudine breviore, angulis posticis minutis

prominulis, antrorsum non angustato, elytris obsolete striatis,

striis externis omnino obliteratis, interstitio 3'° tripunctato ;

tibiis intermediis extus longe flavo-ciliatis, bicalcaratisque, an-

tennis testaceis. Long. *7. Specimina duo, ad San Diego.

S. subterraneo simillimus, et striis elytrorum externis

obliteratis solum distinctus.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 199

Catosoma Fabr.

l.angulatum, nigrum, capite varioloso-punctato,

utrinque profundius impresso, thorace valde transverso, lateri-

bus acute angulatis, margine vix reflexa, basi angustato, sub-

rotundato, subtiliter rugoso, postice punctato, elytris nitidis,

subtiliter seriatim punctatis, punctis versus basin maioribus,

interstitiis vix rugosis. Long. ‘13. Specimen mortuum cir-

ca Pimas.

2. semileve, nigrum, opacum, fronte deedaleo-punc-

tato, thorace. deedaleo-punctato, grossius pone medium,

valde transverso, lateribus valde rotundatis, margine sub-

reflexo, basi apice non minore, bisinuata utrinque impres-

sa, elytris subtiliter seriatim punctatis, punctis antice maiori-

bus, interstitiis usque ad medium imbricato-rugosis. Long.

‘85. Specimen unicum, San Jose: coleoptera alteri ad San

Diego inveni.

3. tepidum, atrum, capite thoraceque confertissime

rugosis, hoc valde transverso, postice angustato, lateribus valde

rotundatis, margine subreflexo, basi leviter bisinuata, utrin-

que impressa, elytris postice leviter dilatatis, subtiliter stria-

tis, interstitiis valde rugosis, fere in sranulas interruptis,

foveisque enescentibus serie triplici impressis. Long. °75.

C. calido brevius et elytris fere scabris diversum ; Callis-

theni simile videtur, et antennis articulis 5 et 6 glabris mar-

ginibus solis pubescentibus afhinitatem indicat, at parte gla-

bra male definita, articulisque 7—11 equaliter pubeseentibus,

in hoe genere inscribendum. Oregon. In Coll. Exp. Exp.

specimen alterum vidi.

CaLLISTHENES Fischer.

Genus a Carabis et Calosomaiis distinctum antennis ca-

pite cum thorace non longioribus, articulis 1—4 carinatis,

200 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

reliquis subcompressis, glabris, marginibus pubescentibus.

Corpus apierum.

Hue pertinent Calosoma lepidum Say (J. Ae. 3,

149,nec Dej.) et Carabus Zimmermani Lee. (An.

Lye. 4, 445.)

1. Wilkesii, ater punctatus, thorace latitadine plus

duplo breviore postice angustato, lateribus valde rotundatis,

margine subreflexo, basi late emarginata, angulis posticis {e-

viter productis, coleopteris latitudine fere sesqui longioribus,

postice non dilatatis, rugose-punctatis, utrinque foveis serie

triplici vix distinctis impressis. Long. 65. Oregon. Speci-

men quoque in Ex. Exped. Celeber. Car. Wilkes duce, collec-

tione vidi.

2. moniliatus, obscure eneus, opacus, capite thorace-

que confertim rugosis, et punctatis, hoc latitudine fere duplo

breviore, postice subangustato, lateribus modice rotundatis,

margine vix reflexo, basi late emarginata, angulis paulo pro-

ductis, coleopteris latitudine sesqui longioribus, confertim ru-

gosis, utrinque callis levibus oblongis foveisque serie triplici

dispositis. Long. °65. Oregon. Dom. Wilcox. Reliquis lon-

gior, statura fere Carabi serrati Say.

Evapyrus Fabr.

1. levigatus, ater vix eneus, nitidus, capite subtili-

ter punctato, fronte verticeque foveato, thorace subtransverso,

cordato, basi apice minore, lateribus valde rotundatis postice

brevitersinuatis, impressionibus profundis, disco utrinque fo-

veato, elytris thorace vix duplo latioribus, postice non dilatatis,

foveis solitis vix purpureis, interstitils levigatis, pectoribus

omnibus subtiliter dense punctatis. Long. 3. San Francis-

co Maio frequens.

Omopnron Latr.

1. dentatum, subtus nigrum, supra cum antennis pe-

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 201

dibusque pallidum, labro argenteo, capite postice thoracis

macula transversa fere ad latera extensa antice 1-dentata,

postice 3-dentata, elytris sutura, macula scutellari, duabus

basalibus conjunctis, fasciis 2 tesselatis, maculaque subapi- |

cali communi viridi-eneis: elytris striis punctis minus ap-

proximatis impressis, interstitiis vix convexis. Long. ‘28.

San Diego.

2. Gile, orbiculare, subtus piceum, supra cum antennis

pedibusque pallidum, capite postice, thoracis macula trans-

versa minore, elytris sutura, macula postice dilatata scutellari,

alteris basalibus conjunctis fasciisque duabus interruptis vel

sinuatis, viridieeneis, striis punctis maioribus impressis, inter-

stitiis convexis. Long. -28. Ad fluminis Gile ripas. Pree-

cedente latius striis elytralibus profundioribus, thoraceque

breviore distinctum. In speciminibus omnibus (immaturis 2)

abdomen rufo-piceum est.

DYTISCID.H.

Cnrempotus Illiger.

1. callosus, testaceus, nitidus, capite thoraceque parce

punctulatis, hoc macula utrinque basali picea, parce grosse

punctata, elytris piceis vix variegatis, seriatim cribratis, cos-

tulis 1 vel 2 basalibus ad humerum, calloque elevato in inter-

stitio 3° ad medium sito, masgine lutescente. Long. ‘14.

San Francisco et San Diego, frequens.

2. simplex, testaceus, nitidus, capite thoraceque parce

punctatis, hoc macula utrinque basali picea, grosse punctata,

elytris obscurioribus, piceo-sub-variegatis, seriatim grosse

punctatis. Long. ‘14. San Diego, minus frequens.

Haurruus Latr.

1. concolor, rufo-testaceus, nitidus, utrinque valde

angustatus, capite thoraceque sat dense punctatis, elytris se-

riatim grossius punctatis, interstitiis planis, uniseriatim parce

FEB., 1852. 22

202 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

subtiliter punctulatis. Long. ‘1. Specimen unicum ad flu-

men Colorado.

CyBisTeR Curtis.

1. ellipticus, regulariter elongato-ellipticus, supra

minus convexus olivaceus, nitidus, thorace latitudine triplo

breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus hand rotundatis,

epistomate, margine thoracis elytrorumque lato, ore, pedibus-

que anterioribus flavo-testaceis, subtus cum pedibus posticis

obscure ferrugineis: elytrorum margine haud explanata.

Long. ‘1:17. lat. -63. Femina, elytris striolis approximatis

strigatis, sutura, apiceque levi. In vallem fluminis Colorado

abundat. Variat thoracis margine antica, posticaque testa-

ceis: abdomine utringue flavo-maculato.

2. explanatus, ovalis, postice paulo dilatatus, supra

paulo convexus, obscure olivaceus, nitidus, thorace latitudine

triplo breviore, antrorsum valde angustato, lateribus haud ro-

tundatis, epistomate, ore, margine thoracis elytrorumque la-

to, pedibus anterioribus, abdominisque maculis lateralibus fla-

vo-testaceis ; subtus cum pedibus posticis ferrugineis ; elytro-

rum margine pone medium paulo explanato. Long. 1:12.

lat. °6. Femina, elytris levibus. Preecedente paulo latior,

convexior, margineque elytrorum explanato distinctus : ad

San Diego, Colorado et Sacramento minus frequens: elytris

sepius subtiliter confertim tuberculatis.

Aciuius Leach.

1. simplex, latinsculus, ovalis, fere depressus, nigro-

piceus, thorace brevissimo punctato, marginibus omnibus,

fasciaque transversa extus dilatata luteis, elytris confertis-

sime punctatis, luteis nigro-irroratis, margine tenui, sutura

antice, fasciaque postica luteis; ore, epistomate, macula trans-

versa verticali, prosterno, pedibus anterioribus, femoribusque

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 203

pesticis apice flavo-testaceis. Long. °6. Femina elytris haud

suleatis. San Diego minus frequens. A. fraterno sim-

illimus sed elytris femine simplicibus valde distinctus.

2. laticinctus, fere ellipticus, minus convexus, fer-

rugineus, supra nigro-piceus nitidus, thorace latitudine triple

breviore, lateribus late fasciaque transversa angusta luteis,

elytris margine lato nigro irrorato, fascia subbasali (sepius

interrupta) apiceque luteis, ore, epistomate, macula verticali

transversa, pedibusque anterioribus flavo-testaceis. Long.

‘45. Femina, thoracis lateribus rugosis, elytris versus basin

striolis approximatis strigosis. Ad flumen Colorado, et Valle-

citas, frequens. A. ineiso similis.

CotymBetes Clairville.

1. strigatus, valde elongatus, subtus nigro-piceus,

capite piceo, epistomate, ore, maculaque verticali transversa

rufo-piceis, thorace luteo, fascia lata margineque postice piceis,

elytris olivaceo-piceis, versus marginem indeterminate Inteis,

striolis transversis subtilibus strigatis, seriebus 3 punctorum

distinctis, tibiis anticis ferrugineis. Long. -63. Speciebus

aliis striis subtilioribus distinctus. San Diego, rarissime.

Inysius Er.}

1.regularis, ellipticus convexus, postice declivis,

supra nigro-eneus, subtilissime reticulatus, thorace latitudine

triplo breviore, lateribus subrotundatis, indeterminate ferru-

gineis, elytris postice regulariter rotundatis, punctis solitis

vix distinctis, striola parva utrinqgue pone medium pallida,

epistomate, ore, epipleuris pedibusque obscure rufo-piceis.

Long. °5. San Diego.

Acasus Leach.

1. lugens, ellipticus, paulo convexus nigro-gneus,

204 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

subtilissime reticulatus, thorace latitudine triplo breviore, la-

teribus subrotundatis, tenuiter marginatis, elytris punctorum

lineis solitis distinctis versus apicem confusis, postice regu-

lariter rotundato-attenuatis, antennis piceis. Long. 38. San

Diego, et Colorado, minus frequens.

2. semivittatus, ovalis, postice subacutus, con-

vexus, nigro-eneus, nitidus, capite picescente, thorace latitu-

dine plus duplo breviore, lateribus rotundatis, tenuiter mar-

ginatis, elytris punctis solitis distinetis, ad apicem confusis,

vitta submarginali pone medium pallida, pedibus antennisque

rufo-piceis. Long. 32. Colorado.

3. discolor, elliptico-ovalis, postice acutus, subtus

niger ; capite rufo-bimaculato thoraceque venescentibus, hoc

latitudine triplo breviore, lateribus tenuiter marginatis testa-

ceis, paulo rotundatis, elytris obscure luteis, punctis solitis

subtilibus ; labro, antennis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis. Long:

.3. ¢ nitidus, thorace subtilissime reticulato, elytris parce

obsolete punctulatis. % opaca, thorace, elytrisque minus

subtiliter reticulatis. San Francisco, et Vallecitas.

4. morosus, ovalis, pone medium paulo latior, apice

rotundato-acutus, nigro-zneus, modice convexus, subtiliter

reticulatus, thorace latitudine triplo breviore, lateribus rotun-

datis, subtilius marginatis, angulis posticis subrotundatis,

cum elytris angulo obtusissimo formante, his punctis solitis

subconfusis, margine postice lutescente, antennis, tibiis tar-

sisque rufo-piceis. Long. ‘29. Specimen unicum ad San

Francisco inventum.

Cortotomus Say.

1. difficilis, elongatus, utrinque attenuatus, rufus?

subtilissime aciculatus, thorace latitudine plus triplo breviore,

lateribus rectis, apice et basi media nigricante, elytris pallidis,

sutura nigra. macuhs latis discoidalibus, fuseis. margine

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 205

postice rufescente. Long. ‘28. Specimen unicum ad Co-

lorado.* .

Laccoruttus Leach.

1. decipiens, testaceus, ovalis, nitidus, elytris nigro

irroratis, sutura antice, macula parva communi pone medium,

margine usque ad medium, macula ad medium duabusque

posticis pallidis, pone medium oblique attenuatis, apice ma-

gis oblique subtruncatis. Long. -29. In California, et in

Territorio Oregonensi abundat. L.amer icano simillimus,

at elytris aliter attenuatis differt.

Hyproporus Clairville.

+ Epistoma marginatum. ©

1. hydropicus, ovalis, convexus, latitudine duplo

longior, postice acutus, confertim punctatus, piceus, thorace

rufo, marginibus omnibus piceis, lateribus rectis, cum elytris

angulum obtusum (lateraliter visum) formante; his punctis

parvis interiectis, margine rufescente ; subtus grosse punctatis.

Long. 12. H.inew quali minus inflatus ; San Diego : mas

nitidus, femina opaca.

2. latissimus, sub-rotundatus, minus convexus, lati-

tudine haud longior, utrinque attenuatus, testaceus, nitidus,

punctatus, capite postice, thoracis apice et basi nigricantibus,

hoc basi utrinque impresso, plicaque brevissima instructo ;

elytris macula communi suturali integra lata, versus apicem

dilatata, alteraque utrinque ad medium submarginali nigris.

Long. 08. San Diego, minus frequens.

% Speciem alteram adiungo.

C. longulus, elongatus, antice obtusus postice sensim valde attenuatus, rufug

subtilissime punctulatus, thorace brevissimo, lateribus rotundatis, apice et basi medio

nigricante, elytris crebre nigro irroratis, margine lato pallido, striga nigra notato-

Long. 31. Specimen unicum masculinum ad Laramie ( Territorio Missouriensi) in-

ventum,

206 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

+ + Epistoma haud mar ginatum.

a. Thorax et elytra striola basali utrinque notata.

3. obscurellus, oblongus, postice subacutus, piceus,

punctatus, nitidus, capite fere levi, thorace lateribus late tes-

taceis rotundatis, tenuiter marginatis, cum elytris angulum

obtusum formantibus, striola basali profunda: elytris versus

latera indeterminate testaceis, fusco nebulosis. Long. °07.

San Jose et flumen Colorado.

4. macularis, oblongo-elongatus, postice subacutus,

testaceus, punctatus nitidus, capite fere levi, thorace medio

infuscato, lateribus rotundatis, tenuiter marginatis, elytris

fere angustiore cum eis angulum formante, striola basali

tenuiore, elytris striolis 2 vel 3, macula utrinque basali, alter-

aque postica submarginali nigris. Long. 06. Colorado et

Gila. Precedentem valde refert, et forsitan varietas revera

haberi debet, at forma paulo angustiore, et magis parallela,

corporeque toto pallide testaceo diferre videtur.

5. subtilis, oblongus, postice subacutus, piceus, sub-

tiliter punctatus, nitidus, capite parce punctulato, thorace

antrorsum angustato, rufo, antice posticeque nigricante, lateri-

bus paulo rotundatis, tenuissime marginatis, cum elytris an-

eulum vix formantibus, striola basali profunda ; elytris ma-

cula quadrata pone humerum, alteraque marginali pone medi-

um rufis, stria suturali distincta. Long. 06. Specimen

unicum ad Sta Isabel.

6. cinctellus, oblongus, postice subacutus, piceus,

punctatus, capite vix punctato, thorace rufo, postice late nigri-

cante, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus rotundatis, tenuis-

sime marginatis cum elytris angulum obtusum formantibus,

striola basali profunda ; elytris fascia transversa pone basin,

seepe interrupta, strigaque submarginali hamata versus apicem

pallidis, stria suturali, alteraque discoidali vix distinctis. Long.

‘O07. Ad flumen Gila. Mas nitidus : femina opaca.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 207

7. amandus, oblongus, magis parallelus, piceus, sub-

tiliter punctatus, nitidus, capite parce punctulato, thorace

testaceo medio infuscato, antrorsum vix angustato, lateribus

paulo rotundatis, tenuissime marginatis, angulum cum elytris

formantibus, striola basali profunda : elytris fascia pone basin

integra, striga subapicali hamata, striolis brevibus duabus

pone medium, margineque.tenui pallidis. Long. ‘06. Spe-

cimen unicum in flumine Gila. Precedenti similis, at minor,

punctura subtiliore, thorace magis parallelo, angulum cum

elytris magis distinctum formante, his stria suturali nulla,

diversus.

b. Thorax et elytra striola basali nulla.

8. striatellus, latiusculus, ovalis paulo convexus,

nigro-piceus, confertissime punctatus, brevissime pubescens

thorace elytris paulo angustiore, lateribus valde rotundatis

tenuiter marginatis, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, ely-

tris, striis utrinque 4 profundis, fascia sub-basali, maculisque

1 vel 2 marginalibus obscure testaceis ; capitis macula

transversa, antennarum basi pedibusque ferrugineis. Long.

‘17. San Francisco et San Diego.

9. fortis, elongato-ovalis postice acutus, convexus ater

subtilissime alutaceus, subtiliter dense pubescens, capite

punctulato, thorace basi utrinque profundius bisinuato, lateri-

bus rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis, cum elytris (lateraliter

visurn) angulum vix distinctum formante ; antennarum basi,

epistomate pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -26. San Diego,

minus frequens. Mas thorace nitidusculo subtiliter punc-

tulato.

10. humeralis, oblongo-ovalis, postice subacutus,

ater, opacus, subtilissime alutaceus, subtiliter dense pubes-

cens, capite levi, thorace basi utrinque profundius bisinuato,

lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis, cum elytris (later-

aliter visum) angulum obtusum formante, his macula parva

208 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

humerali testacea ; macula capitis verticali, antennarum basi,

pedibusque rufo-piceis. Colorado. Mas thorace subtiliter

punctulato, nitidiusculo distinctus. Long. °20.

11. subpubescens, elongato-ovalis, postice subacu-

tus, nigro-piceus nitidus, punctulatus parce subtiliter pubes-

cens, thorace lateribus rufescentibus subrotundatis tenuiter

marginatis, cum elytris angulum (lateraliter visum) obtusum

formantibus, his versus latera indeterminate rufo-piceis, stria

suturali minus profunda, antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-

piceis. * Long. ‘20. Specimen unicum, ad San Francisco in-

ventum.

12. hirtellus, oblongo-ovalis, postice subacutus, ni-

gro-piceus, minus nitidus, confertim punctulatus, dense subti-

liter pubescens, thorace lateribus vix rotundatis tenuiter mar-

ginatis, cum elytris (lateraliter visis) angulum haud formante,

his versus latera indeterminate piceo-testaceis, stria suturali

vix distincta; antennarum basi, pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long.

‘16. Specimen unicum ad San Francisco.

13. vilis, elongato-ovalis, paulo convexus, postice ma-

gis attenuatus, piceus nitidus minus dense subtiliter punctu-

latus, thorace elytris vix angustiore, lateribus vix rotundatis,

tenuiter marginatis, cum elytris angulum haud formantibus,

his lutescentibus striis 3 punctorum maiorum vix distinctis,

antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. 10. San Jose et San

Diego.

14. latebrosus, ovalis, convexiusculus, postice magis

attenuatus, minus dense punctatus, piceus nitidus, thorace

lateribus vix rotundatis, tenuiter marginatis, cum elytris

angulum haud formantibus, his ad medium thorace la-

tioribus, lutescentibus, antennis pedibusque rufis. Long.

15. San Diego.

15. lutescens, elongato-ovalis, utrinque equaliter

attenuatus, nigro-piceus, supra luteo-testaceus, nitidus, confer-

tim subtiliter punctatus, capite infuscato, thorace lateribus

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 209

vix rotundatis, tenuiter marginatis, medio infuscato, cum ely-

tris angulum (lateraliter visum) obtusum formantibus, his

medio thorace paulo latioribus, late infuscatis, sutura mar-

gineque luteis, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. ‘15,

San Francisco, et San Jose : sequentibus duobus angustior.

16. medialis, ovalis, convexiusculus, utrinque equa-

liter attenuatus, nigro-piceus, supra luteo-testaceus, confertim

punctulatus, nitidus, thorace medio, et basi infuscato, lateri-

bus paulo rotundatis, tenuissime marginatis cum elytris an-

gulum obtusum formantibus, his late infuscatis (precipue

pone medium) thorace latioribus: antennis pedibusque tes-

taceis, capite utrinque infuscato. Long. ‘15. San Diego,

sat frequens ; mas nitidior.

17. fraternus, ovalis, convexiusculus, postice magis

attenuatus, nigro-piceus, supra luteo-testaceus nitidus, confer-

tim punctulatus, thorace lateribus paulo rotundatis, vix mar-

ginatis, cum elytris angulum obtusum formantibus, his disco

precipue postice fusco-maculato, ad medium thorace vix lati-

oribus, antennis pedibusque testaceis, occipite infuscato.

Long. ‘15. Ad flumen Novum in deserta Colorado: mas ni-

tidior : preecedenti simillimus.

Gyrinus: Lin.

1. plicifer, ovatus, valde convexus, niger, awnescens

nitidissimus, vix eeneo-limbatus, elytris seriebus punctorum

internis subtilioribus, interstitiis planis, levibus, angulo in-

terno apicali vix rotundato, externo late rotundato, plica ob-

liqua incrassato ; thoracis margine inflexo, epipleuris, pedi-

busque testaceis, abdomine rufescente. Long. :20. Speci-

men unicum, San Diego, sequenti multo convexior.

2. consobrinus, ovatus, convexus, niger nitidissi-

mus, eneo-limbatus, thorace latitudine plus triplo breviore,

impressione transversa profunda, elytris seriebus punctorum

FEB., 1952.

210 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

internis subtilioribus, interstitiis planis levibus, angulis api-

calibus sub-rotundatis, thoracis margine inflexo, epipleuris,

pedibus anoque testaceis. Long. ‘21. San Francisco et San

Jose; G. limbatosimillimus, at thorace latiore, corporeque

postice magis angustato, necnon impressione thoracis profunda

differt: plica ad angulum apicale externum elytrorum vix

distincta.

Gyretes Brulle.

1. sinuatus, elongato-ovalis, valde convexus, nigto-

zneus nitidissimus, parce obsolete punctulatus, thoracis ely-

trorumque marginibus punctatis, cinereo sericeis, his apice

valde oblique subsinuatis truncatis, angulo externo obtuso,

subtus ferrugineus. Long. ‘20. Ad flumen Colorado. Fe-

mina tarsis simplicibus, anguloque externo elytrorum apicali

paulo minus distincto differt.

HYDROPHILIDA.

Hevopnorvs Ill. Fabr.

1. obscurus. elongatus nigro-piceus, nitidus, thorace

scabro, lineis 5 solitis profundis, intermediis sinuatis, ad me-

dium utrinque callo vix elevato Jevi notato; elytris striis

profundis fortiter punctatis, interstitiis convexis, pone basin

oblique impressis. Long. ‘15. San Francisco, minus fre-

quens.

Ocutuesius Leach.

1. puncticollis, ellipticus nigro-piceus, thorace

lateribus maxime rotundatis, 5-lineato, lineis externis magnis,

intermediis subsinuatis, elytris convexiusculis fortiter striato-

punctatis. Long. 07. Ad flumen Gila.

2. interruptus, longiusculus eneo-testaceus, thorace

transverso subquadrato, lateribus rotundatis, marginatis,

disco vage punctato antice transversim impresso, 5-lineato,

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 211

lineis externis obliquis, intermediis interruptis, elytris forti-

ter striato-punctatis. Long. ‘05. San Diego, frequens.

3. lineatus, elongatus, capite thoraceque eneis, hoc

subquadrato, lateribus subrotundatis, marginatis, disco alu-

taceo, transversim biimpresso, 5-lineato, linea media obsoleta,

externis obliquis, intermediis vix sinuatis, elytris subtilius

striato-punctatis. Long. ‘05. Colorado.

Hyprocuus Germ.

1. variolatus, elongatus, cinereo-czneus, thorace quad-

rato, angulis acutis, grosse punctato, profunde 5-foveato,

elytris fortiter striato-punctatis, interstitiis striis angustiori-

bus, 2" paulo carinato, maculis pluribus utrinque parvis ni-

gris. Long. ‘11. San Diego.

2. vagus, elongatus, cinereo-eeneus, thorace quadrato,

angulis acutis grosse punctato, vage 5-foveato, elytris fortiter

striato-punctatis, interstitiis striis equalibus. Long. 09.

Colorado.

Berosus Leach.

1. punctatissimus, ovatus, convexus, supra luri-

dus opacus, punctatissimus, capite thoracisque vittis tribus

(intermedia duplicata) cuprascentibus, elytris thorace plus

duplo latioribus fusco nebulosis, striis punctulatis postice pro-

fundius punctatis. Long. °30. San Diego, ad Missionem.

2. punctulatus, supra pallide testaceus oblongo-

ovalis convexus, capite confertim punctato eneo, thorace

bivittato elytris thorace vix sesqui latioribus, striis parce

punctulais, interstitiis planis vage punctulatis, nigro-guttatis.

Long. ‘20. Ad flumen Colorado.

3. exilis, oblongo-ovalis convexus, supra luridus,

capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, eneis, hoc margine

antico lateribusque pallidis, elytris parce nigro guttatis, grosse

striato-punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim punctulatis. Long.

‘08. Ad flumen Gila. j

212 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

CLERIDA.

RuaDALuvs.

Oculi magni, convexi, vix emarginati ; labrum apice

rotundatum ; palpt maxillares elongati, articulo ultimo valde

dilatato ; labiales breves, viz dilatati ; antenne elongate, ser-

rate ; tarsi tenues, articulis 4 primis subequalibus, breviter

appendiculatis ultimo longiore, ungutculis acutis, subtus ap-

pendice vix breviore obtuso acutis. Corpus molle, pilosum,

thorace valde transverso, rotundato, marginato.

1. testaceus, rufo-testaceus, confertim punctatus,

pilosus, thorace latitudine duplo latiore, lateribus valde rotun-

datis, tenuiter marginatis, elytris thoraee non latioribus.

Long. -25. Specimen unicum. ad Colorado.

CymatopeRa Hope.

1. fuscula, elongata, pallida supra fusca, nitida sub-

tiliter punctulata, thorace pone medium lateribus constricto,

disco equali convexo, elytris parallelis, thorace duplo latiori-

bus punctis quadratis seriatis, ad medium obsoletis, fascia

transversa pallida indeterminata ad medium signatis, antennis

articulis 2—4 subeequalibus. Long. *22. Colorado.

2. punetata, valde elongata, fusca, longius pilosa,

thorace utrinque constricto, confertim punctato, elvtris pos-

tice paulo latioribus, punctis quadratis seriatis, ad apicem ob-

soletis, fascia extus dilatata ad medium pallida, abdomine

pedibusque testaceis, antennis articulis 2—4 equalibus, re-

liquis vix brevioribus. Long. °8. Colorado.

Cuerus Fabr.

1. rufescens, rufus, dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace

modice convexo subtiliter dense punctulato nitido, elytris

confertim punctatis, obscuris basi rufis, fascia lata ad medium,

alteraque ante apicem pallidis. Long. ‘33. Colorado. C.

ichneumonio similis.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 213

Hypnocera Nm.

1. scabra, nigro-znescens, pilis argenteis densis ves-

tita, capite thoraceque confertim rugosis, hoc breviusculo,

lateribus rotundatim tuberculato, elytris abdomine vix brevi-

oribus, confertim rugose-punctatis, fascia late ad medium,

humerisque minus pubescentibus. Long. ‘16. San Diego.

H. subenee similis.

2. discoidea, atra, dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace

confertim rugose punctato, breviusculo, postice angustato,

utrinque constricto, lateribus rotundatim tuberculatis, elytris

confertim grosse punctatis, macula utrinque magna’ basali

fere communi alteraque pone medium flavis. Long. -10—15.

Colorado. In Larream mexicanam.

3. bicolor, ater, cinereo-pubescens, thorace parce ru-

gose punctato, lateribus late rotundatis, postice subangustato,

antice constricto, elytris parce punctatis flavis, apice nigris,

pedibus flavis. Long. -1. Colorado.

AcREPIS.

Palpi articulo ultimo ovali, labiales brevissimi : ocult

prominuli, antice vix emarginati ; labrum parvum deflexum

vix conspicuum ; antenne breviuscule, 10-arliculate, artt-

culis 7—10 majoribus, discretis, viz compressis, acetabula

antica hientia ; tarst omnes 4-articulati, filiformes, non ap-

pendiculati, unguibus simplicibus.

1. maculata, piceo-enea, nitida, cinereo-villosa, ca-

pite thoraceque sub-globoso postice angustato, truncato et mar-

ginato dense punctatis, elytris parallelis cylindricis thorace

non latioribus rugose-punctatis, sutura margine externa, ma-

culisque utrinque tribus albidis. Long. 34. San Francisco,

specimen unicum: macula prima humeralis, secunda discoi-

dalis ad medium, tertia angusta lunata versus apicem. ,

214 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

‘Enopiium Latr.

1. fasciatum, eneo-piceum nitidum parce pilosum

thorace confertissime punctato, utrinque angustato, lateribus

medio dilatatis, elytris punctis quadratis seriatis ad apicem

obsoletis, fascia curvata pallida ante medium ornatis. Long.

‘26. San Diego. Ad divisionem Pelonium Spin. per-

tinet.

PSELAPHIDA.

Crenistes Reich.

1. pulvereus, elongatus depressus rufus, parce flavo-

pubescens, capite subreticulato fronte canaliculata, postice

profunde bifoveata, foveis discretis occipite elevato, thorace

lateribus subrotundato, basi foveato, elytris stria dorsali tenul,

palpis articulis valde transversis, ultimo apice rotundato.

Long. 10. San Jose, cum Formica parva picea pedibus

testaceis frequens: sexus differentia me fugit. C. Zim-

mermani maior, capite foveis posticis minoribus, palporum

articulis minus rotundatis, extus magis prolongatis.

Tycuus Leach.

1. puberulus, piceus, valde pubescens, fronte divisa,

transversimque impressa, capite levi, thorace globoso, lateri-

bus subangulato, elytris pedibusque rufis. Long. ‘08. San

Jose: cum formicis. T. longipalpi Lec. equalis, pal-

porum autem articulo penultimo intus rotundato, appendice

nullo, ad 'T'ychos Europeos potius spectat.

2. tenellus, piceus, abdomine pubescente, fronte sub-

divisa, minus profunde transversim impressa, capite levissi-

mo, thorace globoso, postice distinctius foveato, elytris pedi-

busque rufis. Long. ‘06. San Jose sub quisquiliis ; palpo-

rum structura precedenti similis, licet articulo ultimo minus

compresso.

New Species of Californian Coleoptera. 215

Bryaxis Leach.

‘

1. compar, picea, convexa, subtiliter pubescens, capite

punctulato, bifoveato, punctoque frontali notato, thorace glo-

boso, subtilissime punctulato, in disco trifoveato, fovea inter-

media minima. Long. ‘05. B. puncticolli Lec.

(Bost. Journ. 6, 87.) similis, capite punctato, fovea antica

fere nulla distincta. San Jose, mas abdomine subtus im-

*presso.

2. subtilis, rufa, convexa, parce pubescens, capite tri-

foveato, thorace lateribus subangulatis, foveis lateralibus par-

vis, intermedia minima, elytris stria tenui ad medium obso-

leta. Long. ‘05. Specimen unicum ad Gilam masculinum,

articulo antennarum 5° paulo maiore. .

3. foveata, saturate rufa, convexa, parce pubescens,

capite trifoveato, thorace globoso, in disco foveis tribus mag-

nis impresso, elytris stria dorsali tenui ad medium obsoleta

Long. ‘05. Ad Gilam: mas, antennarum articulo 5'° paulo

majore distinctus.

Faronus Aube.

1. Isabelle, elongatus depressus, piceus, fronte can-

aliculata, vertice bipunctato, thorace rotundato, postice trun-

eato, ad angulos foveato, ante basin transversimi profunde

excavato, elytris rufo-testaceis, obsolete punctulatis, basi

bistriatis, stria interna brevissima ; antennis pedibusque pal-

lidis. Long. 06. Specimen unicum. Sta Isabel. F. Tol-

lule Lee. minor, striisque brevibus distinctus. |

STAPHYLINIDA.

T'HINOPINUS.

Antenne recte ; palpi maxillares filiformes ; maxille ma-

la exteriore elongata: ligula apice emarginata: coxe in-

termediea contigue: tarsi posteriores non depressi: elytra

brevissima sutura imperfecta, imbricata.

216 New Species of Californian Coleoptera.

Inter Staphylinos genuinos propter corpus apterum, elytra

valde abbreviata, rotundata, suturamque imperfectam genus

maxime admirandum. Habitus fere Staphylini, at abdomine

latiore, oculisque minoribus ; discedit autem labro brevissimo,

latissimo, late emarginato, longissime ciliato; tibiis interme-

diis brevibus crassis, anticis compressis, triangulariter dilata-

tis fossoriis, omnibus confertim spinulosis.

1. pictus, testaceus, vel pallidus, capite thoraceque

nitidissimis, fascia interoculari ad latera postice flexa ochro-

leuca, thorace postice subangustato, macula utrinque maxima

annulari nigra, elytris obsolete strigosis annulo lato nigro ad

humerum interrupto utrinque signatis, thorace duplo brevi-

oribus, abdomine supra bifariam nigro signato. Long. ‘55.—

‘70. Adoceani littora estu humida circa San

Diego, Junio minus frequens: victus marinus.

ADDENDA.

CanTHARIS.

p. 160. moerens, atra opaca, elongata, capite parce

punctato, subcanaliculato, gutta verticaii rufa, thorace parce

punctato, canaliculato, subquadrato, postice leviter angustato,

elytris subtiliter, scabris. Long. ‘7. Sacramento, Rathvon.

C.tenebros@ affnis, longior, elytris confertim, distinc-

tius scabris.

p. 182. Husattus dubius, pro ‘ tibiis anticis in-

tus basi serrulatis,’ lege ‘‘tibiis anticis extus ad basin serru-

latis.”’

p- 166. Saprinus interceptus epipleuris tristria-

tis gaudet, et in divisione cum 8. rotundato Europe ponen-

dus: divisio pronima (c.)8. discoidalemetalienum

includens epipleuras tristriatas habet.

Description of a new Species of Syuvicoua. By 8. F. Barrp.

Read January 12th, 1852.

SYLVICOLA KIRTLANDII, Baird. ¢.

Plate VI.

Above ashy blue and gray, streaked with black, as in S.

coronata. No yellow on the crown or rump. Beneath yel-

low, streaked with black across the breast and on the sides.

Lores black ; eyelids white. 53, 82, 2t9.

The species to which this approaches most closely is the

S. coronata, which it resembles in size and the coloration of

the upper parts. It is, however, without the conspicuous

yelloy rump and crown, and is nearly uniform yellow

beneath. It has not the yellowish olive of the supposed S.

parus, Wils; nor the yellow frontlet of Myiodioctes bonapar-

tiz, Aud.

The single specimen procured is not quite matured,

although dissection showed it to be a male. The dull winter

brown of the upper parts is giving way to an ash gray, most

distinct on the crown. ‘The central lineation of black in the

feathers of the crown is not so extensive as in S. coronata.

Hinder back and rump uniform dull ash, probably to be re-

placed by the brighter color of the crown. Beneath yellow:

the black spots across the breasts and along the sides of the

body are sparse and small. Lower tail coverts yellowish

white. A narrow frontlet and the lores black, this color

strongly tinging the cheeks. Eyelids white, as is also a

small spot at the posterior corner of the orbit. Bill and feet

considerably larger and stouter than in S. coronata. Primary

and secondary wing coverts marginated and tipped with in-

conspicuous dull white. Two outer tail feathers spotted on

JUNE, 1852, 24

218 Descriptions of Species of Fresh Water Shells.

the inner web. The outer edges of all, delicately margined

with dull white.

3d quill longest, then, in succession, 2d, 4th, 5th and 6th.

Length 53; extent 8;; wing from carpal joint 233; bill

along ridge 23, rictus $5; tarsus $3; hind toe and claw aa

middle do. 25.

This species, which was shot near Cleveland, Ohio, by Mr.

Charles Pease, May 18th, 1851, is appropriately dedicated to

Dr. Jared P. Kirtland, of Cleveland, a gentleman to whom,

more than any one living, we are indebted for a knowledge of

the Natural History of the Mississippi Valley.

Descriptions of Two New Species of Fresh Water Shells.

By TemeLte Prime, Corresponding Member. Read 26th

January, 1852.

Cycias Securts. Plate VI.

C. testa, parva, rhomboidea, postice abruptissima, sube-

quilaterali ; natibus elevatissimis; dentibus cardinalibus

minutis, lateralibus elongatis, fortibus.

Long. 0.27; Lat. 0.24; Diam. 0.16.

Shell small, rhomboid, posteriorily very abrupt, somewhat

equilateral, striations hardly visible, color light, pale yellow ;

beaks very prominent. Hab. Massachusetts.

This is one of our best distinguished and most attractive

species: it somewhat resembles the Cyclas truncata of Lins-

ley, but is much more compressed, and is less acute. One of its

best marks is the contrast of the roundness of its anterior

with the abruptness of its posterior. When the animal is

alive, this shell assumes a bright pink color ; and its beaks

are of a dark brown; it, however, loses these peculiarities

when the animal is dried up.

Description of a New Species of Fuligula. 219

Found in running streams, living with the Cyclas trun-

cata and Pisidium dubium.

Pismprum Compressum. Plate VI.

P. testa minuta, compressa, perobliqua, triangularis, pos-

tice abrupti, albi, nitida, tenuiter striata, natibus parvis

apiculatis.

Long. 0.16; Lat. 0.14; Diam. 0.9.

Shell small, somewhat oblique, compressed, triangular,

posteriorily abrupt, slightly striated, epidermis very light,

color pale yellow, beaks small, slightly elevated, depressed at

the summit. Hab. Massachusetts.

This species somewhat resembles, the young of the Pisi-

dium dubium, but is somewhat more compressed, and its

beaks are likewise less elevated.

Found in company with the Pisidium dubium and the

Cyclas minor.

Description of a New Species of the genus Futeuna.

By Joun G. Bety. Read 30th Aug. 1851.

Vioter, Duck—Fuligula viola.

Specific Characters.— Length 30 inches ; extent 43 inches.

Bill dull yellow, black at tip and base; head and neck violet,

changeable to glossy green; irrides hazel. Foreneck and

breast dark chesnut; back, rump and upper tail coverts, me-

talic green; wings brown, slightly glossed with dull green ;

primaries tipped with violet ; tail light sooty brown, shaded

with violet, except the four centre feathers, which are shaded

with green; greater wing coverts, light ash; smaller under

wing coverts, brownish ash, barred and largely tipped with

white; axillars dark ash, minutely spotted and tipped with

220 Ornithological Notes.

white; abdomen ash grey, spotted with brown and light ru-

fous ; sides dark brown, finely waved with light rufous and ash.

Speculum deep glossy green, edged with white ;—greater-

wing coverts, narrowly edged with white ; under tail coverts

dark chestnut brown, conspicuously shaded with green: legs

dull yellow.

Ornithological Notes. By Guo. N. Lawrence. Read April

24th, 1852.

1. Buteo Harlani Aud. I have received a fine specimen

of this very rare species of Hawk from California, where it

was procured by Mr. E. 8. Holden. It agrees with the

figure and description given by its discoverer, Mr. Audubon,

in the octavo edition of the Birds of America. Vol. 1, p. 38.

2. Procellaria meridionalis, Lawrence. A specimen of this

recent species was shot in the bay at Quogue, Long Island,

after a severe storm in July, 1850.

3. Philomachus pugnax (Linn). I had an opportunity

not long since of inspecting a young male Ruff, which was

killed on Long Island in October last; it was evidently a

bird of that season, and must, therefore, have been bred in

this country. I have an adult male in mature plumage

which was vbtained on Long Island in the summer of 1845.

Dr. De Kay gives the figure of a female in the Natural His-

tory of the State of New-York. This was supposed to have

been brought from Europe, and to have eseaped from confine-

ment; but two others having since been obtained, and one of

them a young bird, would seem to warrant the belief that

they are now resident here, and entitled to a place in our list

of birds.

4, Pterocyanea cxruleata (Licht). (Anas Rafflesii King).

Ornithological Notes. 221

I have in my collection a male specimen of this Duck, pro-

cured in California, from whence several have recently been

sent. The first instance of its being found within our limits,

that has come to my knowledge, is recorded in the Proceed-

ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. This

one was obtained in Louisiana by Dr. J. Pilate, and presented

to the Academy. I have added a short description, which I

think should always be done in noticing additions to our

Fauna, as many of them are described in European works

not at all times accessible to the general reader.

The male has the crown brownish black ; sides of the

head, neck, breast and sides deep chesnut red ; abdomen

brown ; the feathers of the upper part of the back are brown,

margined and waved with chesnut ; lower part of the back

and tail brown, the latter edged with light ash ; lesser wing

coverts light blue ; greater blackish brown at their bases, and

white at their ends, forming a white band between the blue

coverts and the speculum, which is glossy green ; primaries

and secondaries umber brown ; the tertiaries have their shafts

white, are black on the outer webs, and brown on the inner ;

_ shorter seapularies dark brown, margined with chesnut ; some

of the longer ones are pale blue, others greenish black, mark-

ed with white along their shafts ; inner lining of wings and

axillars pure white ; under tail coverts black; bill black ;

legs and feet yellow. :

Length of the skin 16 inches, wing from flexure 7} inches,

bill above 2 inches, tarsus 1+ inches.

5. Turdus nevius Gmelin. A varied Thrush was ob-

tained in the vicinity of New-York in December of last year,

as they are seldom found east of the Rocky Mountains, the

distance it wandered from its usual localities is remarkable,

having crossed almost the entire breadth of this conti-

nent.

This species was first found by Captain Cook on his third

222 Ornithological Notes.

voyage, at Nootka Sound; it is abundant in Oregon and

California.

Dr. Richardson figures one in the ‘Fauna Bor. Amer.

which was obtained at Fort Franklin in lat. 654°; he did not

observe it on the Saskatchewan River, and remarks: “ it

most probably does not go far to the eastward of the Rocky

Mountains in its migrations North and South.”

One other instance of its being found here, was noticed a

year or two since by Dr. Samuel Cabot, in the Journal of the

Boston Society of Natural History.

6. Strobilophaga enucleator (Linn). Large numbers of Pine

Finches have appeared this winter near our city, as well as

in different parts of the State, having left the North, where

they usually remain throughout the year. Numerous flocks

have also been observed in Massachusetts, New Jersey, and

Pennsylvania.

7. Sterna Forsteri Nutt. I have a Tern from California

which agrees very closely with the one obtained by Dr.

Richardson on the Saskatchewan, and described in the

Fauna Bor. Amer. as ‘Sterna hirundo.” In a note, he

remarks as follows :—

“ English specimens of Sterna hirundo differ from the

above in the outer web of the exterior tail-feather, being

blackish-grey ; the inner webs of all the tail feathers, and the

whole of their coverts, white. The blackish gray of the quills

is more extended. ‘The tarsus is more slender, and two lines

shorter than in the American bird. Further observation must

determine whether these differences are constant. They ex-

ist in several specimens from both countries which I have

examined, and the peculiarities of the Hudson’s Bay bird at-

tracted the attention of Forster.”

Mr. Nuttall in his ‘‘ Ornithology,” vol. ii. p. 274, under

Sterna hirundo has the following note :-—

“This bird, agreeing with the European species, appears

Ornithological Notes. 223

distinct from that of Richardson, in which the tail and its

coverts are pearl-grey, the outer feather white exteriorly, and

the tarsus 2 lines longer. If this should prove to be a dis-

tinct species, which is more than probable, we would distin-

guish it by the name of Sterna Forsteri, from the eminent

naturalist and voyager who first suggested these distinctions.”

That this is a distinct species from Sterna hirundo Linn.,

{ have no hesitation in deciding, and have accordingly

adopted the name proposed by Nuttall for Dr. Richardson’s

bird. I would, however, state, that as Forster’s description

differs in some particulars from Dr. Richardson’s, I think it

by no means conclusive that they refer to the same species.

8. Sylvia autumnalis Wils. Several writers describe this

as the young of the Hemlock Warbler, (S. parus Wils.), a

specimen of which I have never seen. The 8. autumnalis is

observed in great numbers in the autumn. Wilson met with

more than a hundred in one afternoon; and Mr. Nuttall in

placing it as the young of S. parus, remarks: “‘ Nothing is

more remarkable than the rarity of the adult and the abun-

dance of the young birds.”

There would seem, therefore, but slight grounds for sup-

posing it the young of 8. parus, which I have never believed

it to be, but have always considered it the young of quite an

abundant species, viz., Sylviocola striata ; a comparison with

the female of this species, I think, will remove all doubt.

9. Toxostoma curvirostris (Swainson.) I have received

several specimens of this fine Mocking-bird from Texas. In

the proceedings of the Acad. of Nat. Sci. Vol. iv. p. 63, Col.

Geo. A. McCall describes it and gives an account of its ha-

bits, from observations made at Matamoras, Mexico.

I consider Pomatorhinus turdinus Temm. and 'T. vetula

Wagler, identical with this species,

Descriptions of New Species of Maretweiia, with Notes on

Sundry Species of Marainetua and Cyprma. By Joun H.

Reprietp. Read May 24th, 1852.

Mareineiia vexillum.

Testa ovata, straminea, fasciis ineequalis purpureo-fusei; albo concin-

né catenatis ornata: anfractibus 4—5, spira mediocri, eonicd ; labio

crasso, purpureo-punctato, intus denticulato ; columella albo callosa, 4-

plicata ; apertura angusta.

Descriprion.—Shell ovate, composed of 4 to 5 whorls, with

a moderately conical spire. ‘The ground-work of the coloring

is yellowish white, which is crossed at irregular intervals by

unequal bands of purplish brown, (the example before us dis-

playing six of them.) On close examination these bands are

found to be composed of an exquisite chain work, consisting

of transverse alternating white and brown lines, the lighter

ones being regularly interrupted by darker longitudinal lines.

In the upper band the transverse chain work is less apparent,

and vertical lines are more predominant. Beside the trans-

verse bands which form the most conspicuous markings of the

shell, the example before us exhibits traces of vertical highly

undulating lines of yellow, arranged in flames or patches, of

which 7 or 8 may be seen on the body whorl. Probably this

is more apparent when the enamel is in perfect condition:

The outer lip is much thickened, covered with brown dots,

and denticulate within. The columellar margin is covered

with a white callosity, and has four plaits. Aperture rather

narrow.

Length, 0.71 inch, (19 millim.) Breadth, 0.41 inch, (11

millim.)

Habitat.—Cape Palmas, West Africa.

Remarks.—The only example known to me of this elegant

Descriptions of New Species of Marginella, §c. 225

species, belongs to the collection of Geo. A. Perkins, M.D., now

of Salem, Mass., formerly missionary at C. Palmas, by whose

kindness I have been permitted to describe it. Although in

tolerably good condition, it has probably lost the original

brightness of its enamel. In size and form it closely ap-

proaches M. Belchert Hinds, and even in the style of mark-

ing, it somewhat resembles some varieties of that species, but

is at once distinguished by its greatly thickened, denticulate

and dotted lip. In its thickened lip and ventral callosity it

is allied to M. Petitéi Duval, but is much smaller, and quite

differently marked.

Marainetta amabilis.

M. carnea (in part) Sowb. Thes. Conch., p. 398, pl. 76, f,102, 114,

(noteof Storer.)

In Annals of Lyc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, p. 495, I expressed a

doubt whether the figures above cited were truly referable to

M. carnea Storer. I have since become convinced that they

are not. Fig. 103 of the same plate in the Thesaurus truly re-

presents Storer’s shell, but Sowerby erroneously regarded that

figure asa variety, and not as the typical form, and hence his

description, which is well worded, applies not to the true M.

carnea, but to the form which we now separate under the

above name. The M. amabilis is larger and more elongate

than M. carnea, and the rich flesh-colored tinge which the

back of the shell exhibits, is arranged in three bands in the

former, while in the latter only two are evident. The junc-

tion of the spire and lip is less shouldered in M. amabilis, and

the lip is usually marked by two brown spots. In short, it

is as closely related on ‘the one hand to M. oblonga Swains.

as it is to M. carnea Storer, on the other, and has near affini-

ties also to M. gutlata Dill.

Length, 0.75 inch, (20 millim.) Breadth, 0.46 inch, (12

226 Descriptions of New Species of Marginella, &c.

millim.) A very old wornexample measured 25 millim. long,

and 14. millim. broad.

Habitat. —It is said to be brought from the coast of Yu-

-eatan. MM. carnea is well known to occur at Key West.

MareinELia antiqgua—Fossil.

Testa elongato-ovata, polita, spira obtecta : labio extus incrassato,

intus acuté denticulato ; coiamella oblique quadriplicata ; apertura an-

gusta, ad extremam spiram extensa.

Description—Shell oblong-ovate, with polished enamel ;

lip much thickened without, closely and deeply denticulate

within, and extending quite to the summit of the spire which

is entirely concealed by a vitreous deposite ; aperture narrow ;

columella with four oblique well developed plaits.

Length, 1.10 inch, (28 millim.) Breadth, 0.57 inch, (14

millim.)

Habitat—Found in the miocene tertiary deposites of

Petersburgh, Va.

Remarks.—It is a pity that this large and striking Mar-

ginella (for which I am indebted to Chas. M. Wheatley, Esq.)

should have lived at a period when no conchologist existed to

appreciate its elegance, such as it must have exhibited in its

freshness,—and it is equally fortunate that it has so well sur-

vived the vicissitudes of ages, as to show most of its original

beauties, deprived only of color. Jam acquainted with no re-

cent species which illustrates its character. It would occupy

an intermediate position between M. bullata Born, and M.

angustata Sowb., but for its serrated lip, and less cylin-

drical form.

In a catalogue of the Marginellide in my collection,

printed for distribution, appear the names of Marginella

Gambiensis, and M. vermiculata. Both these names I have

since abandoned, the former proving to be a variety of M

Descriptions of New Species of Marginella, §e. 227

amygdala Kiener, and the latter having been given to a worn

example of a peculiar aspect, which is now ascertained to be-

long to a variety of M. quinqueplicata Lam. M. Petit, in his

“ Journal de Conchyliologie” for Nov. 1851, describes and

figures a Marginella Hainesii, which is apparently identical

with the shell I had called M. vermiculata, and does not ap-

pear to me to possess sufficient distinctive characters to war-

rant its separation from M. quinqueplicata. Should it prove

otherwise, the name of M. Hainesii must be adopted.

In the same journal (which should be more widely known

and circulated among conchologists than it is), May, 1851,

M. Petit has published a well-digested catalogue of recent and

fossil Marginelle. Including Erato and excluding a few

species which M. Petit thinks should be retained for the genus

Volvaria, he enumerates 155 recent and 27 fossil species.

We note here, that M. pudica Gaskoin, which appears in the

catalogue as a distinct species, should have been placed as a

synonym to our M. chrysomelina. We are in doubt as to M.

Delessertiana Recluz, not having seen the description in Re-

vue Zool., 1841, but from the fact that M. Petit doubtfully

quotes for this species fig. 141 of Sowerby’s Thesaurus, we

are inclined to regard it as identical with Orbigny’s M. alboli-

neata, which does not appear in M. Petit’s catalogue, and which

Sowerby’s fig. 141 certainly represents. If identical, Recluz’

name has probably precedence, though the current French

mode of publishing works of the character of the “ Mollusques

de Cuba,” in fasciculi, without date, renders it difficult to de-

cide this point. M. ovuliformis Orb. seems also have been

overlooked by M. Petit.

In an article aiming to show the distinctive character of

Cyprea histrio, and C. reticulata, published in vol. 4 of An-

nals of Lyc. Nat. Hist., pp. 447, 448, I mentioned that I had

not had opportunity to consult Meuschen’s Museum Geversia-

228 Descriptions of New Species of Marginella, §c.

num for the the original mention of C. histrio. Since then,

the munificence of Dr. T. B. Wilson, of Philadelphia, has

supplied the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences of

that city with a large number of rare books upon natural his-

tory, among which is the Museum Gevyersianum, from which

Iam now enabled to quote what is said of the species in

question, with Meuschen’s references.

“No. 1381, P. (Porcellana) histrio: elevatior, testa maculis atro-fuscis,

albida fusco-reticulata.

Linn. 327 «sen. 0. Seba iii. 55 in No. 23. Lister 659, 3 a.

Argeny. Suppl. 2 L. Rumphius 39 R? Petiv. Gaz. 53 b.

These citations, particularly that of Lister’s figure, seem

to fix distinctly the history and character of C. histrio as a

distinct shell from Martyn’s.

In confirmation of the views expressed in that paper, Iam

enabled, by the kindness of Dr. Gould, to communicate the

following note made by Mr. Couthouy, at Disappointment

Island, (A-too-a,) while connected with the U. 8. Exploring

Expedition, showing that the soft parts of C. reticulata differ

essentially from those both of C. arabica and C. histrio.

“This (C. maculata Barnes=C.reticulata Martyn) was

published as a distinct species from C. arabica, by Barnes,

with yery good reason, notwithstanding it was disputed in the

same journal by some English author not recollected, who as-

serts it to be nothing but a variety of that shell. Quoy and

Gaimard, however, figure that as having the mouth sprinkled

with simple white tubercles, and there is a black band on the

extremity of the siphon. In C. maculata the mantle is nearly

the color of burnt sienna, with undulating veins of very deep

brown, and very thickly ornamented with short, slender, and

taper papille. Towards the aperture it is lighter colored than

elsewhere. The white patches on the back are all distinct and

separate, asin C. histrio, but the animal ts widely distinct from

that species.”

Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama, with Notes on

Synonymy, Station, and Habitat, by C. B. Apams, Pro-

fessor of Zoology, Sc.,in Amherst College, Massachusetts.

Read before the New-York Lyceum of Natural History,

May 10, 18852.

INTRODUCTION.

ON THE MARINE ZOOLOGICAL PROVINCE OF PANAMA:

Panama is situated near the middle of a well defined

marine zoological province. Perhaps none of the species of

testaceous Mollusca, (to which part of the Fauna our remarks

are limited,) which inhabit the neighboring seas, exist south

of 22° S. lat., or north of 28° N. lat., or west of the Gallapago

Islands. All of the few examples of species, which are sup-

posed to have a wider range, are more or less doubtful. Some

species which inhabit the northern part of the province, and

others which inhabit the southern part, may overlap the

boundaries between this and the adjacent provinces. But

these species present only the usual difficulty in attempting

to define the limits of a zoological provinee.

The most definite and satisfactory methed of defining the

limits of this province, is to place the boundaries at the ex-

treme limits of the range of about 99 per cent. of the

species which inhabit its middle regions. Thus it will be

seen that several of the species which inhabit Panama also in-

habit Guaymas, in the Gulf of California, nearly in 28° N.

lat.; but none of them inhabit San Diego, which is near 33°

N. lat. In the same manner the southern limit is found near

the boundary between Peru and Chili, between 22° and 24°

8. lat.

The reason why the range of the species south of the

equator is several degrees less than on the north side, is ob-

vious in the Antarctic current, which sets along the west

coast of South America. In Jike manner, on the eastern

230 Panana Shells. INTRODUCTION.

coast of North America, a polar current appears to extend

the Arctic Fauna of marine shells to 41° N. lat., and the cold

current along the shores of the Middle and Southern States

seems to limit the tropical Fauna to about 26° or 28° N. lat.

on the coast, although on the east side of the Gulf Stream it

extends to the Bermuda Islands in latitude 32° N.

It will be seen also in the following pages, that a large

number of the species which occur at Panama were collected

by Mr. Cuming at the Gallapago Islands. But if any of the

species occur in the Polynesian Islands, the number does not

exceed three or four, and in these cases the specific identity

of the shells is very doubtful. The western boundary of the

Panama province may therefore be made to include only the

Gallapago Islands.

Thus, in the language of one hypothesis, climate prevents

the dispersion of the species to the north or south ; and the

Antarctic current setting over from the coast of Peru to the

Gallapagos, has favored their dispersion to those islands, and

the broad sea beyond has restrained them from any farther

dispersion westward. Perhaps this is as favorable an illus-

tration as can be found of the doctrine of physical causes ac-

counting for the distribution of the individuals of each species

rom a single centre. Yet this doctrine is obviously a mere

hypothesis. If it be granted that these mollusks can travel

coastwise until they find the waters too cold for them, it

would still remain to be proved that they actually do so.

But the supposed dispersion of the species over the sea to

the Gallapagos, presents more difficulties than at first appear.

The shells of Cirrhopods which adhere to floating wood,

have been often found far out at sea; perhaps, too, some

species of Pholas may be distributed in this manner. But

the only way in which such dispersion of the species generally

can be accounted for is by an imaginary voyage of their spawn

across the sea. The species, in those stages of growth which

have been observed, are mostly restricted to narrow, vertical

INTRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 231

limits, out of which they never have Been found. With most

of the littoral species, these limits are extremely narrow.

The following is a list of the species which we collected at

Panama and T'aboga, which occur also at the Gallapagos,

with a statement of their habits of station.

Cyprea rubescens ; under stones.

Mitra tristis ; at the depth of 6 to 10 fathoms of sandy

mud ; also under stones, near low water mark.

Planaxis planicostata ; under stones, between high water

and half tide level.

Purpura Carolensis ; under stones, at low water mark.

Columbella atramentaria ; under stones, at low water

mark.

Columbella bicanalifera; sandy mud, in 10 fathoms

water.

Columbella hemastoma ; under stones.

Columbella nigricans ; under stones, between half tide

and low water mark.

Ricinula Reeviana ; under stones, near low water mark.

Cassis coarctata ; in crevices of rocks.

Oniscia tuberculosa; in clefts of rocks, at iow water

mark.

Conus brunneus ; in clefts of rocks, at low water mark.

Conus nux ; station unknown.

Strombus granulatus ; sandy mud, at the depth of 6 to 8

fathoms.

Turbinella cerala ; under stones and in the crevices of

rocks, at low water mark.

Pleurotoma excentrica; coral sand, at the depth of 6

fathoms.

Hipponyz radiata ; attached to stones, near low water

mark.

Fissurella macrotrema ; under stones, on the shore.

232 . Panama Shells. INTRODUCTION

Fissureila nigropunctata ; on stones and rocks, at and be-

low half tide level.

Siphonaria gigas ; on rocks near half tide level.

Thus it appears that a larger proportion of the littoral

than of the pelagic known species are common to the Galla-

pago Islands and the mainland: and of the pelagic species,

all which are known inhabit moderate depths. Locomotion,

therefore, beneath the sea cannot be assumed as a probable

means of dispersion.

If, however, the distribution is due to dispersion by the

floating of the spawn westward, along with the prevailing

winds and currents, it is remarkable that there are no well

authenticated examples of clearly identical species which are

common to the Gallapagos and to the Polynesian Islands.

In respect of species, which so nearly resemble each other as

to be sometimes confounded, and which are by some authors

regarded as varieties preduced by local conditions, the West

Indies furnish as many of these analogues to the Panama

species as have been found in Polynesia, There is, therefore,

no reason for referring the Polynesian analogues to a conti-

nental origin.

If such dispersion westward were a fact, then we ought

to find, as we go westward from the Pacific shores of America,

a contintial accumuiation of species. For, in addition to the

full complement of aboriginal species in any region, there

would bea per centage of immigrant species. If such dis-

persion were a common fact, the Gallapagos should be much

richer in species than the continent, and the western regions

of Polynesia and the Australasian Archipelago should contain

a great number ef immigrant species in addition to their ab-

original Faune. But there are ‘no facts which correspond

with such hypetheses. So far asis known, the Bay of Panama

#8 as rich in species as any region westward, with no more

INTRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 233

than an equal variety of stations. The number of species in

any region appears to be connected only with climate and

variely of stations.

It is scarcely necessary to consider the question, whether

any of the shells on the opposite sides of tropical America

could have had a common origin. Although in some points

the Caribbean sea and the Pacific approach within 40 or 50

miles in a direct line, it is difficult to imagine any adequate

méans of the intercommunication of living marine mollusks.

If human agency had transplanted any species, we should

have expected that the edible species would have been selected.

The following are some of the edible Caribbean species, in the

order in which they have appeared to usin Jamaica to be

most commonly used: Trochus pica, Pyrula melongena,

Ostrea folium, Arca Noe, (or an undescribed analogue of this

species), Strombus gigas, Turbo celatus, Avicula crocata,

&c. At Panama, the edible species which we observed are

in the same order, Arca tuberculosa, Venus discors, Ostrea,

two or three species, Arca grandis, Murex radix, Pyrula pa-

tula, &c. All of these are remarkably distinct, if we except

the Pyrule, which are analogues. If it should be supposed

that the analogues might have had a common origin, it will

be seen that the entire list of analogues comprises a full pro-

portion of the rare or minute species, which are not likely to

have been noticed by the inhabitants.

Birds are commonly called in to aid the imaginary dis-

persion of species. On the Isthmus, the buzzards are best

able, with their extraordinary powers of flight, to transport

them; but their habits of feeding are wholly at, variance

with such a supposition. The water birds which feed on the

marine mollusks are unknown to us. But if their agency has

been effective, it is remarkable that we can identify only one

species, and that doubtfully, (Crepidula unguiformis), on both

sides of the Isthmus, and that the habits of this mollusk, at-

JUNE, 1852 20

234. Panama Shells. INTRODUCTION.

tached to dead shells within the aperture, render it one of

those which are least exposed to such accidents.

The following is a list of the principal pairs of analogues

which inhabit both sides of the Isthmus. The list might be

increased, especially by comparision of the very minute

species. But the group, as it is, presents such a variety in

respect of size and characters, of habits of station, tenacity of

life, &c., as to render it incredible that they all should owe

their distribution in pairs to a common process of transp6rta-.

tion. Cypreea cervinetta occurs only beneath large rocks, at the

low water mark of the spring tides, and lives but a short

time when removed from the water, and Strombus gracilior

is pelagic; and the others live at or near low water mark

on rocks, under stones, in sand, in fine mud, &c. In gene-

ral the derivation of analogues from a common stock is more-

over inconsistent with the existence of analogues which are

antipodes to each other.

Panama. * Jamaica.

Cypreea cervinetta ; C. exanthema.

Marginella minor ; M. minima.

M. sapotilla ; M. prunum.

Mitra nucleola ; M. granulosa.

Oliva araneosa ; O. reticulata.

O. venulata ; O. scripta.

Purpura undata ; ° P. fasciata.

: Gelinuellc watewia® C. cribraria Lam.

C. parvula Dunker.

Cassis abbreviata ; C. inflata.

Oniscia tuberculosa ; O. oniscus.

Strombus gracilior : S. pugilis.

Triton vestitus ; T. pilearis.

Murex erosus; M. intermedius.

Pyrula patula ; P. melongena.

* These Carribbean species have all been collected by us in Jamaica.

INTRODUCTION. ; Panama Shells. 35

Panama. Jamaica,

Turbinella ceestus ; T. muricata.

Cerithium assimilatum ; C. terebellum.

Fissurella microtrema ; F. sp. indet.

Arca gradata ; A. Domingensis.

Cytherea squalida ; C. maculata.

Capsa altior ; C. Brasiliensis.

Tellina sp. indet. ; T. bimaculata.

' The number of known species of shells which occur in

the Panama province, probably is not far from 1500. The

actual number is undoubtedly much greater.

An examination of the catalogue of the species which we

collected in the Bay of Panama, will show that nearly all the

very minute species are new to science, although most of the

larger shells have been described. In other words, the

species which are as small as those which constitute a large

portion of the conchological Fauna of regions, which have

been thoroughly explored, have been overlooked by previous

collectors. This is by no means surprising, when we con-

sider the great number of species, and the abundance of their

individuals, which are of a size that is more convenient for

discovery and collection. It is also accounted for in part by

the fact that the minute species in this region are much more

rare in individuals. Yet the new species, which were col-

lected in six weeks at two localities, must be a very small

portion of those which actually exist in this zoological pro-

vince. Perhaps, therefore, the number of the undiscovered

species is equal to that of the known species.*

% After describing nearly sixty new and rather small Pleurotomoid shells which

had been coilected during the voyage of H. M.S. Sulphur, Mr. Hinds observes,

“when we reflect what multitudes of similar beings inhabit the recesses of the

globe, beyond the reach of human observation, and which at rare intervals are

brought to light, * * it requires the boldest stretch of the imagination even to

bring within the comprehension an idea of the countless multitudes of organised

beings of our earth, and all rich in some manner pecuiiarly their own, either in

color, sculpture, decoration, or symmetry.” —Hind’s Zool. Voy. Sulph, Moll. p. 24

236 Panama Shells. INTRODUCTION.

On the Eastern side of the continent, a totally distinct

marine zoological province, which may be called the Carib-

bean province, occupies about an equal part of the earth’s

surface. It has however, a much greater extent of coast, in

the great number of islands, and in the sinuous outlines of

the continent. The number of known species of shells in this

province is not far from 1500. The actual number probably

is less than in the Panama province. It isa remarkable fact

that the number of rather large species in the Caribbean pro-

vince is but a small fraction of the number of such species

which occur on the other side of the continent. Of the Ca-

ribbean species, very few occur north of the Bahamas, or

south of Brazil, although, from various sources of error many

of them have been reputed to inhabit England, and various

other parts of the world. Although there are several analo-

gous species in the two provinces, in general there is a great

dissimilarity.

Conchological Collectors in the Panama Province.

One of the earliest collectors in this zoological province

was Joseph Dombey, the well known French Botanical tra-

veller. Dombey arrived in Peru, on his botanical expedition,

in April, 1778. He is quoted by Lamarck for eight new

species of shells from Peru.

Baron Humboldt, and his companion, M. Bonpland, next

made collections of the shells. In 1803 they were on the

coast of Peru, whence they sailed to Acapulco. Here they

collected many species, of which eleven are described by La-

marck in the Animaux Sans Vertebres. The first volume of

Humboldt’s Recueil D’observations de Zoologie, &e., was

published in 1811; but the second volume in which the shells

are described by M. Valencienres, bears the date of 1888.

Of the 92 species mentioned 88 are described in full, and of

the 92 all but 3 or 4 are said to inhabit this province. In

INTRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 237

the case of several species however, errors have evidently

crept in. Hither the species must have been derived from

other regions and were given to the travellers as natives, or the

describer has confounded analegues. The Columbella rustica,

mentioned with doubt, may have been a-C. fuscata, Cassis

testiculus, which inhabits only the West Indies, Ranella

granifera, Pyrula ficeides, Pyrula vespertilio, and Solarium

granulatum, which inhabit the Indian ocean, are said to have

been collected at Acapulco. Perhaps the ancient extensive

commerce between Acapuico and the Philippine Islands may

have introduced, into the dwellings, at Acapulco, specimens

of East India shells.

Next we find in the supplement to Wood’s Index several

species from the same province, and most of them were col-

lected at Panama.

In Feb. and March 1823, the Coquille (French) was at

Callao and Payta. M. Lesson has enumerated 8 marine spe-

cies of shells collected here, none ef which are identical with

our Panama shells.

But we are chiefly indebted for a knowledge of the shells

of this region to the well known expedition of Hugh Cuming,

Esq. This celebrated collector, who has in person collected

one-third of all the species of shells now known to science,

was occupied in the years 1827-30 in collecting the shells of

this province and of adjacent parts of the Polynesian and

southwest American shores. Besides previously known spe-

cies, 400 new species were collected, of which a large majo-

rity were obtained at the Gallapagos and on the western shores

of tropical America. His explorations comprised, in fact, the

whole of this zoological province, with the exception of its

northern extremity. The description of the new species was

eommenced by the London Conchologists in the Proceedings

of the Zoological Society, Feb. 28, 1852, and were continued

for about four years, until the second and great expedition of

238 Panama Shells. INTRODUCTION

this gentleman to the Philippines. Subsequently more of them

have appeared in the Proceedings of the same Society, in Sow-

erby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, and especially in Reeve’s

Conchologia Iconica. In these last two works, we find the habi-

tats of all, and the stations of most of the species collected

by Mr. Cuming, so far as the genera have been mono-

eraphed.

The laborious and productive travels of the Chev. Alcide

D’Orbigny during the years 1826-33, comprise a portion of

this zoological province. In July 1833, this gentleman

reached the Pacific coast at Arica by a journey across

the Andes. Embarking thence on the 25th, he stopped

at Cobijo, Islay, Arequipa, and Callao. Re-imbarking

here, this industrious traveller returned to Kurope by way

of Valparaiso.

In the large quarto which D’Orbigny has devoted to the

Mollusca of South America, numerous species of shells are

described from the four marine faune. Among them are

many which were collected by M. Fontaine, and by Mr.

Cuming, and others. The tropical and the temperate marine

faunze of the west and east sides are shown to be entirely

distinct in respect of the Mollusca, of which 628 species are

enumerated, there being only one species common to.any two

of these provinces. But it is conjectured that collections

made near the southern extremity of the continent on both

sides might show that several species are there common to

the Atlantic and Pacific faune. The species common to

both sides is Siphonaria Lessoni, found at Montevideo and

‘at Callao. Other species, however, are said, in the body of the

work, to inhabit both sides of the continent, as Bulla stréata.

But in this case, analogous species may have been confounded.

Since Dr. Philippi has shown that several species had been

confounded under this name, the specific types are found to

be as local as most species are. D’Orbigny is one of the very

INTRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 239

few travellers who have collected any of the very minute

shells of the tropics.

In 1836-37 the Bonite (French) made a voyage of explo-

ration around the world. In the summer of 1836 this expe-

dition touched at several places in the southern part of the

Panama zoological province, as far north as Guayaquil,

whence the Bonite sailed for the Sandwich Islands. M. M.

HKydoux and Souleyet were the zoologists of the expedition.

The former gentleman died of yellow fever at Martinique in

1841, before the results in this department were published.

On the Mollusca we have seen only a folio volume of about

00 plates, without date and without text. The only text of

the zoology which we have seen, is on the mammals and

birds, with date of 1841.

In August, and during the remainder of 1836, H. M.S.

the Sulphur, under Lieut. Commander Kellett, visited Callao

and Payta, and carefully explored the coast from Guayaquil

to Panama. Here Commander (now Captain Sir Edward)

Belcher arrived and took command, and in collecting shells

was aided by Mr. Hinds, surgeon of the expedition. The

dredge was frequently used, and the cabin of the commander

became a museum. Proceeding to the north, they visited nu-

merous places up to San Blas, in June 1837. In the follow-

ing December, the Sulphur returned to the coast, and explora-

tions were made from Acapulco to Cerro Azul. Again in the

latter part of 1858, and during much of 1839, collections were

made in many localities. About 70 new species were de-

scribed by Mr. Hinds in the Proc. Zool. Soc. of London, com-

mencing February 14, 1843 ; also in the Zoology of the voy-

age of H.M.8. Sulphur; and they have been included in

monographs which have subsequently been published in London.

In 1837 the Venus (French) was at Callao from May 24

to June 3; from Nov. 25 to Dec. 6 at the Bay of Magdalena,

in the peninsula of California ; from Dec. 12 to Dec. 18, at

240 Panama Shells. INTRODUCTION.

Mazatlan; Dec. 21 to Dec. 27 at San Blas; Jan. 8, 1838 to

Jan. 23 at Acapulco; May 10 to June 1 at Callao; June 5to

June 17 at Payta; June 23 to July 3 at the Gallapagos. The

Atlas de Zoologie of this expedition, (pub. 1846) contained 24

folio plates, of shells and mollusca. The text we have not

seen.

In 1839 the U. S. Exploring Expedition touched at Callao,

which was the only place in this zoological province, that was

visited by the expedition. About 30 species of shells were

collected, of which four new species have been described by

Dr. Gould in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural

History since 1846.

_ In the Zeitschrift fur Malakologie of Aug. 1847, Dr. K.

tT. Menke commenced a catalogue, with descriptions of the

new species, of the shells of Mazatlan. These shells were

collected by Mr. Henry Melchers of Bremen, who has spent

several years in Mazatlan. Additions have since been made

to the catalogue, and up to Feb. (inc.) 1851, Dr. Menke has

catalogued 173 Mazatlan species. Of these 26 are described

as new species, not including a few which were proposed as

new but have since been identified by Dr. Menke with pre-

viously described species.

At the present time Dr. Gould is engaged in the exami-

nation of species, which have been collected at various points

between San Francisco and Mazatlan. These collections were

made by Maj. William Rich, and Col. E. Jewett, U.S. A.,

and by Lieut. Thomas P. Green, U.S. N. They are the more

important, because they come from regions intermediate be-

tween two great zoological provinces, and we may hope there-

fore that Dr. Gould will show, with as much precision as the

facts themselves will admit, the boundary between them. At

a meeting of the Boston Society of Natural History, Septem-

ber 8, 1851, Dr. Gould read descriptions of 17 new species of

Acephala from these frontier regions. The collections made

INRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 241

by Lieut. Green merit especial notice. This officer collected

more than 200 species, and carefully noted the habitat of the

specimens. Of those which have been determined by Dr.

Gould, and which were also found by us at Panama, we

have incorporated’ into the following paper the habitats ob-

served by Lieut. Green. This collection proves conclusively

that Upper California belongs to a distinct Zoological province.

The shells collected by Nuttall in Upper California in 1836,

and described in the Journ. Acad. Nat. Ses. of Philadelphia,

VII, in 1837, confirm this inference. None of them are identi-

cal with the species which inhabit Panama.

Narrative of the Expedition.

In November, 1850, I left home with the design of spend-

ing a few weeks on the Isthmus of Panama, and the remainder

of the winter in Jamaica. Leave of absence not having been

granted until Nov. 6, the preparations were few and hasty.

On the afternoon of the 15th I sailed from New York in the

Steamer Empire City, Captain J. D. Wilson,* and on the mor-

ning of the 22nd, landed at Chagres. Most of that day was

occupied in rambling about the shores. A few shells were

found of the same species, which occur throughout the Carib-

bean seas. But near Chagres the shoresare too much exposed to

sustain many species of Mollusks. In the afternoon, Captain

Knight, his clerk, and myself hired a boat and started for

Cruces, where we arrived on the evening of the 25th. The

* Since it must be confessed that American naturalists find little sympathy

with their pursuits among most of their countrymen of all classes, it affords me

the more pleasure to acknowledge my obligations to the owners of the Steamer,

Messrs. J. Howard & Son, for a passage to Chagres; and to Capt. Wilson for

various attentions on the voyage, and subsequently at the monthly visits of the

Steamer to Jamaica. To Capt. E. Knight, agent of the Pacific Mail Steam Ship

Co., and my travelling companion across the Isthmus, I was especially indebted

for unusual facilities in crossing, as well as for other aid. Good company, and the

extraordinary beauties of nature, more than compensated for four days saturation

in mud and water during the transit.

242 '. Panama Shells. INTRODUCTION.

amt

next day we rode to Panama, where I soon found myself

at home in the American Hotel.* Before 8 A. uM’, of the next

day, shells had been collected in such quantity and variety,

that, had nothing more been subsequently collected, the re-

sults of the expedition would have seemed ample.

The objects proposed to be accomplished, during a few

weeks at Panama, were the foilowing:

1. To make collections for the Museum in Amherst Col-

lege. The original plan had embraced the Crustacea, Radiata,

and other animals, but the short time to be devoted to it, and

especially the impossibility of making suitable preparation

during the few hours, which were allowed for this purpose,

rendered it expedient to restrict the objects mainly to the col-

lection of shells.

2. A second object was to ascertain, with the certainty

of personal observation, what and how many species of shells

exist at Panama. Having formerly collected about 500 ma-

rine species in Jamaica, near the centre of the Caribbean Zoo-

logical province, it was thought that a comparison of these au-

thentic materials would not be without interest. These two

were the principal objects of the expedition.

3. A subordinate object was to make some observations on

the habits of the species, in respect of station. Mr. Cuming’s

careful explorations had left but little to be added, but that

little is therefore perhaps the more valuable. This knowledge

was also a necessary preliminary to the acquisition of such a

quantity of specimens as would fully illustrate the varieties,

which may exist within the limits of a species. But these

observations, could not be extended to the pelagic species

on account of the enormous expense of boating consequent on

* With James C. Staples, Esq, the proprietor, an old acquaintance and con-

nection, who with his partner, myself, and all my Mollusks, occupied as comfort,

able an apartment as the place could furnish.

INTRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 243

the California travel. Littoral explorations however, produce

a greater amount of results in a short time.

It has become so fashionable to undervalue a knowledge

of the shells of Mollusca, because the shell is only a part of

the animal, that we shall probably be censured for having neg-

lected to observe the soft parts. But on omnes omnia pos-

sumus, especially with only six weeks time. It will not be

denied that the existence of the species is sufficiently proved

by collecting the shells, nor that their geographical distribu-

tion may be learned, when we ascertain where they exist,—

nor that habits of station may be learned without dissection,

although this is indispensable for some objects,—nor that the

recondite questions on the origin of the species are intimately

connected with the facts of distribution and station,—nor

even that the number of species in a given region and the

abundance or scarcity of individuals are interesting features

in the plan of creation. In short, it will not be denied that

the sum total of Zoology consists of parts, and that the per-

fection of the whole may be better secured by a division of

labor. We hope therefore, that the following results, not-

withstanding the magnitude of the deficiencies, will be re-

garded as somewhat better than the only alternative before us,

—that of the stay-at-home collectors.

The situation of Panama is eminently favorable for the

collection of shells. At the head of an extensive bay, whose

waters well merit the appellation of Pacific, it stands also at

the head of a reef, which furnishes a great variety of station

for the mollusks. Our hotel was within a minute’s walk of

this reef. In front of the city, the reef consists of ledges of

trachytic rocks, with flat and concave surfaces, with gently

sloping, precipitous, or shelving sides: in other parts exten-

sive tracts are covered with loose fragments of rock, the diffe-

rent sizes of which, and the different degrees in which they

are buried in sand, or in which they have open spaces be-

244 Panama Shells. INTRCDUCTION.

neath, accommodate a great diversity of species: in some

parts, flats of mud or of sand prevail.

On the west of the city is a very broad gently sloping

beach of fine sand, where Oliva, Tellina, Donax, and Artemis

abound. ‘Then proceeding westward we find alternating

ledges of trachytic and basaltic rocks, sand beaches, and

broad muddy or sandy flats, with groves of trees a little above

half tide level. Here during the recess of the tide, the col-

lector finds an agreeable shade, and gathers Purpure and

huge Littorinee from the trees, and numerous species of Ve-

neridae, of Columbella, the little and elegant Veritina picta,

and sometimes the massive Arca grandis, among the sticks

and moss-like Algae beneath. Three miles west of Panama

a Rio Grande enters the bay, and is bordered by impenetra-

ble thickets of mangroves and not impenetrable ooze.

On the east side of Panama is a steep sand beach, at the

bottom of which the flats consist of an impalpable mud of a

creamy consistence. On this fluid, Marginella sapotilla crawls

or rather glides rapidly about. Between two and three miles

to the East, there are ledges of smooth basaltic rocks, with

abundant Littorinae, Fissurellae, and Siphonariae. Here too

are marine groves, rising from a stony surface, by the side of

which a small rivulet comesin. At high water mark is a man-

erove thicket, beneath which in near proximity we find the

Potamides, Arcee, a large Cyrena, Potamomye, and the ele-

gant Auricula concinna, and over head is Littorina pulchra,

but almost as rare as beautiful. A little farther up, where the

water is nearly fresh, occurs the Neritina Guayaquilensis,

whose thin depressed elliptical shell attests its fluviatile ha-

bits, unlike the solid ellipsoidal shell of the marine N. picta.

This diversity of station was multiplied by the high tides.

In the office of the Pacific Mail Steamship Co., we saw it

recorded on a tide table, that the extreme difference of high

and low water had amounted to 28 feet. The ordinary tides

INTRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 245

are about sixteen to twenty feet. The difference be-

tween the spring tides and the neap tides amounts to from

four to six feet. Hence at the low water mark of two or three

tides, once each fortnight, species of shells, as well as of

Echinoderms and other animals, may be obtained, which can-

not be procured at any other time except by dredging. Other

species live where every tide will leave them exposed to the

air for a short time. All the way from low water mark, up

to the ledges of rocks where some species of Littorina live out

of the reach of the highest tides, species are found, most of

which are limited to a very narrow vertical zone. The sur-

face in front of the city, which is left bare by the recess of

the tide, extends out half a mile or more. Thus over several

square miles the secrets of the ocean may be explored.

The bay of Panama contains several beautiful islands,

which rise as steep mountains directly from the water’s edge.

One of these is Taboga,* 12 miles from Panama, from and to

which a small American steamer runs daily. We made two

excursions of three days each to this island. The shores are

mostly steep, but sand beaches, ledges, and enormous frag-

ments of rocks, afford many favorable stations for the Mol-

lusks. At high water, a small island, on the northeast side,

is cut off from the principal island, but at low water a high

ridge of sand unites them. Here the elegant Conus Maho-

gani, Strombus Peruvianus, Natica otis, Corbula ovulata, &c.,

were found.

These varieties of station enabled us to find a multitude

of species in their proper haunts. But in addition to this ad-

vantage, the hermit crabs (Paguwridae) swarmed here, as

elsewhere in tropical regions. Some of the smaller species

have the habit of congregating in heaps of many hundreds

* This name is sometimes written, erroneously we believe, Tabago; and

sometimes, in the publications of the London Conchologists, Saboga.

246 Panama Shells. INTRODUCTION.

beneath stones. Many such heaps were collected in the mass,

to be culled over in the leisure of home. ‘To this source we

are wholly indebted for many species of shells, not a few of

which are in such a good state of preservation that we have

to regret only the impossibility of describing the station of

these species.

In these Pacific waters, not much addition to the stores

of the collector can be made from the drift shelis. Yet the

flow of the tides and a moderate surf brought several species

within reach. Several of the bivalves, which live buried in

sand, and whose station eluded discovery, were thus obtained.

But especially were we indebted to this source for the ex-

tremely minute species, several of which were not recognised

until the conchiferous rubbish and sand had been assorted

with sieves and then carefully examined.

From the natives we obtained but little aid. The shells

of a few edible species weie taken from heaps near their huts.

A few species were obtained in a fruit shanty, which was

kept by an American on the Plaza. The habitat of most of

these was verified by subsequently finding them on the shores.

That of four or five species was satisfactorily inferred, inde-

pently of the testimony, from the fact that no shells known

to inhabit other regions were seen in the shanty, and that

these species have been found by others in the same zoologi-

cal province. ‘Those which were thus obtained are mentioned

accordingly in the statement of habitat.

In a few instances it will be noticed that our account of

the station differs somewhat from Mr. Cuming’s. This is due

chiefly to the considerable range which some species have,

especially with different circumstances of place. Thus sever-

al of the species, which we found at the low water mark of

spring tides, were obtained by Mr. Cuming at the depth of

fifteen or more fathoms. ‘The difference between such sta-

tions is obvions!y of much less importance than that between

INTRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 247

this extreme low water mark, where the air will but slightly

reach the animal every fortnight, and that of a few feet high-

er, whence the water wholly recedes twice every day.

Having an opportunity of shipping the collections, which

filled eight cases, we wrote the bills of lading, Jan. 3, 1851,

and the next morning left Panama for Chagres and Jamaica.

It was not until Aug. 14 that the cases arrived at their des-

tination. After assorting the shells, we find 38.920 speci-

mens of 376 species of Gasteropoda, 2.860 specimens of 139

species of Acephala, and 50 specimens of 1 species of Brach-

iopoda : total, 41.830 specimens of 516 species of Mollusks.

The number of specimens of each species is mentioned in the

following pages. It is scarcely necessary to add that we have

stated the total number of individuals, to give approximately

an idea of the relative abundance of the species at the time

and places mentioned, and not of such specimens as amateurs

would pronounce ‘ good shells.’

In the following catalogue our principal object, after the

enumeration of the species, has been to collect the statement

of various writers concerning the habitats and stations of the

species. Where two names of persons follow the habitat or

station, the first is usually that of the person who collected the

species, and is followed by an exclamation mark! The second

name is that of the author who is quoted. The (!) after a

single name indicates that the author was also the collector ;

but the absence of this mark indicates that the testimony is

not original, whether one or more names are cited.

It will be seen that for a knowledge of the stations we

are chiefly indebted to Mr. Cuming.

In appending synonymy, we have quoted nothing. The

references have been made chiefly as vouchers for the accu-

racy of the names of the species, and as means of detecting

errors. A subordinate object has been the convenience of

those friends among whom the duplicate specimens may be

248 Panama Shells. INTRODUCTION.

distributed. We have been under obligations, which we ac-

knowledge with much pleasure, to Dr. A. A. Gould, of Boston,

and to John H. Redfield and Robert L. Stuart, Esqrs., of

New-York City, for the use of books; also to the librarians

of the Boston Atheneum, of Harvard University, of the Acad.

Nat. Sciences, of Philadelphia, and to Dr. Henry Wheatland, of

the Essex Institute in Salem ; chiefly have we been indebted

to the nearly complete zoological library which Drs. T. B. and

Edward Wilson have presented to the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia.

On Errors Respecting the Habitat of Species.

Those who are familiar with the frequency and

magnitude of the errors, which occur in the works of

the most celebrated authors respecting the habitats of

species, will not probably accuse us of presumption for the

little ceremony with which we have treated such statements.

Hearsay testimony has often been received without sufficient

scrutiny. Jn addition to the errors likely to occur in the ver-

bal communication of statements respecting habitat, naturalists

at home are of course subject to all the mistakes which the

original collectors may have made. ‘These persons often mix

the collections made in various places, and depend on memory

for the localities, although they are often unable to distin-

guish the species when placed side by side.*

Another class of errors, we fear, must be laid te the charge

of the writers themselves. When we see a marine species

affirmed to inLabit the Mediterranean, Senegal, the Indian

* Thus we have received from an intelligent shipmaster, who was accustomed

to collect for a conchologist, specimens of Cyclostoma,flavidum, with the positive

assurance that they were collected in a spot well known to us, not far from King-

ston, Jamaica. Yet the species occurs only in Porto Rico, while the locality in

Jamaica contains a Cylindrella of similar aspect. We may be allowed to mention

also an illustration of the manner in which mistakes of locality and not of species

INTRODUCTION. Panama Shells. 949

Ocean, New Holland, &c., we may often suspect the error to

arise more or less from erroneous testimony. But when one

species is referred to two distinct zoological provinces, which

are known to contain analogous but not identical species, we

must sometimes suspect the author of confounding such species.

If indeed in these cases the difference of the local types were

clearly distinguished, it would be of little importance whether

or not the difference were considered to be of specifie value.

But not even after the specimens are deposited in a collection

has all danger of error ceased. A misplacement of labels or

of shells, which are not properly secured, may lead to

erroneous statements of habitat.

For all these causes of error there is but one remedy, and

that is not infallible. Rejecting the testimony of careless

and incompetent observers, and all hearsay testimony, we

must rely on the testimony of competent observers. We may

hope for accuracy when they shall remember that a very few

errors may essentially change the aspect of the plan of dis-

tribution, and prevent all correct generalizations.

A great amount of valuable materials, for interesting

generalizations on the number and distribution of the species

of marine Mollusks, has been collected by public and private

expeditions. But when we consider the immense profusion

of species and of individuals in tropical seas, and the confu-

sion of the habitats of many as exhibited in the present

literature of conchology, so that the plan of distribution is

misrepresented,—that which has been done only stimulates

may happen in casual collections. By a singular coincidence, only a few days

after we had described Helix Redfieldiana (which proves to be H. Carmelita Fer.)

that inhabits a limited district in Jamaica, a specimen was brought to New-York

by a collector, who affirmed that he procured it in California. Subsequently the

statement was repeated, but afterwards it was recollected that the shell had been

purchased in Kingston, where the steamers stop on their homeward voyage.

JUNE, 1852. 26

250 Panama Shells GEOGRAPHICAL

the curiosity to know more and to know more accurately.

An expedition of cireumnavigation, with the specific object of

investigating the distribution of the testaceous Mollusks,

through several tropical marine provinces, would accomplish

more than the discovery of many new species: it would de-

termine the distribution of a much greater number, in a

manner which would justly inspire confidence.

Index of Places in the Pacific, which are mentioned in the Catalogue of Panama

Shells.

Acapulco. A town and harbor, in Mexico; it is the principal and best port of

Mexico on the Pacifie ; lat. 16° 55’ N.; lone. 100° 54’ W.

Annaa. An island in Polynesia. Probably Anna or Aana, or Chain Island ;

lat. 17° 20’S.; long. 145° 40° W.

Arica. In Peru.

Atacamas. A seaport in Equador, on the Pacific.

California, The boundary between Upper and Lower California is near lat.

38° N. The waters of Upper California, therefore, belong wholly to the tempe-

rate Fauna, and those of Lower California almost wholly to the tropical Fauna.

The Fauna of the Gulf of California is tropical, at least as far as Guaymas. The

importance in zoolo y of distinguishing between Upper and Lower California, in

statements of habitat, is therefore obvious. New Albion was a name given by

Sir Francis Drake, to an extent of coast which includes upper California and Ore-

gon, and is ofien used more indefinitely.

Callao. The port of Lima, capital of Peru; lat. 12° 2’ S.; long. 76° 58° W.

Caraccas, Bay of. A small bay on the coast of Guayaquil, next north of Cape

San Lorenzo, between 4° and 1° 8. lat.. It is not mentioned in any of the Gazet-

teers which we have consulted. It is also called Manta Bay.

Central America, This name is used very indefinitely by some conchological

writers. It includes on the Pacific, only Guatemala, San Salvador, Nicaragua, and

Costa Rica, from about lat. 9° N. to 15° N. The whole country was called Guate-

mala before its independence.

Cerro Azul. A town in Peru, in the department of Lima.

Charles I. One of the Gallapagos, at the southwest part of the group.

Chatham I. One of the Gallapayos, at the southeast part of the group.

Chili. Its northern boundary, about 24° 20’ 8. lat. is not far from the south-

ern limit of the tropical Fauna.

Chiloe. A large island in the southern part of Chili, between 42° and 44° 8.

lat.

Chiriqui. A town in Veragua, Central America, on the Pacific side; lat. 8°

30° N.; long. 83° 28’ W.

INDEX Panama Shells. 251

Columbia, West. New Grenada, reaching from about 2° §. Jat. to 8° N, lat.;

including Guayaquil on the South. It is frequently written Colombia.

Conchagua, Another name for the Bay of Fonseca; alsothe name of a volcano

near the same place.

Costa Rica. A province of Central America, between Nicaragua on the north,

and Veragua on the southeast. The Gulf of Nicoya penetrates the middle por-

tions; it lies between about 8° 380’ and 10° 40’ N. lat.

Cusma. A town on the coast of Peru; lat. about 9°40’ S.

Fonseca, Gulf of. Also called Amapalla and Conchagua, A spacious harbor

in Central America; lat. about 13° N

Gallapago Islands. A group lying under the Equator, with the line of 85° 80’:

W. long. passing through the central island. They are uninhabited. They are

about 60U nautical miles from the mainiand.

Guacomayo. In Central America.

Guayaquil. A town, gulf, &c, in lat. 2°11’S.

Guaymas. A town in Mexico, on the East side of the Gulf of California, in

lat.about 28° N. ,

Honda, Bay of. A small bay next west of Montija Bay, in Veragua, in about

4° 45’ N, lat. :

Islay. In Peru.

Isthinus. Se. of Panama.

Lambeyeque. A town on the coast of Peru; lat. 6° 45'S.

La Paz. A town or mission in Lower California, on the west side of the Gulf,

in lat. about 24° 30’ N.

Lobos I. Near the coast of Peru, in lat. about 6° 40'S.

Lord Hood's I. Hood's I., in the southeast part of Polynesia, in about 22° S.

lat. and 135° W. long.

Magdalena, Bay of. In Lower California, on the Pacific side, in lat. about 24°

40’N.

Mazatlan. A town in Mexico, near the entrance of the Gulf of California, in

lat. about 23° 20' N,

Mexivo. Occupying the Pacific shore from lat. about 88° N. to 15° N., from

Upper California to Central America.

Monte Christi. A town in New Grenada, in the province of Guayaquil; lat.

about 1° S,

Montijo, Bay of. In Veragua, on the south side, next west of the Bay of

Panama,

Muerte, Isle of. In the Bay of Guayaquil.

Nicoya, Gulf of. In Costa Rica, lat. between 9° and 10° N

Pacosmayo. Probably in Central America.

252 Panama Shells. GEOG. INDEX.

Panama. A town, province, bay, &c., in New Grenada. The town is in lat.

8° 49’, N. long. 8° 21’ W.

Papogayo, Gulf of. In Central America, between Costa Rica and Nicaragua,

in lat. about 11° N.

Payta. A town in Peru, in lat. 5° 15'S.

Peru. Occupying the Pacific shore from New Grenada to Chili, from about 4°

8. lat. to 25°S. lat.

Plata, Isle of. On the coast of Guayaquil, in lat. 1° 10'S.

Polynesia, Comprising most of the tropical regions of the Pacific.

Puerto Portrero. Inthe Bay of Guayaquil.

Puna, Isle of. In the Bay of Guayaquil; about 3° 8. lat.

Punta St. Elena. A cape on the coast of Guayaquil, in lat. about 2° 10'S.

Quito I. In the Bay of Guayaquil.

Real Llejos, or Realejo. A port in Nicaragua, serving as a harbor to Leon, lat.

12° 43'N.; long. 87° 46’ W.

Rio Grande. A name given to many rivers by the Spaniards. The one re-

ferred to is a small stream near Panama.

Saboga. An error, for Taboga.

St. Elena. A town on the coast of Guayaquil, in lat. about 2° S.

Salango. On the coast of Guayaquil, about 1° 30'S.

San Blas. A town onthe west coast of Mexico, lat. about 22° N.

San Diego. A town on the coast of Upper Califurnia, one league from the

southern boundary ; lat. 33° 12'N.; long. 116° 53’ W.

San Francisco. The principal port of Upper California ; lat. about 37° 20'N.;

long about 122° W

San Juan. A bay on the east side of Lower California, in lat. about 27° N.

San Lorenzo. A cape on the coast of Guayaquil, about 1° S. lat.

San Salvador. A city in Central America, on a river, twelve miles from the

coast; also an adjacent district along the coast.

Santa Barbara. In California.

Sitcha. An island on the coast of Russian America, in lat.57° N.

South Seas. An indefinite term for more or less of the Pacific Ocean adjacent

to America.

Taboga. A small island twelve miles southwest of Panama. It has a better

harbor than Panama, and is the depot of the Pacific steamers.

Tahiti. The largest of the Society Islands; lat. 17° 30'S.; long. 149° 20’ W.

* Toobouai. A small Polynesian island, under the southern tropic, in lat. about

150° W.

Tumbez, A town near the northern extremity of the coast of Peru; lat. 3° 40°

S.; long. 79° 51' W.

Veragua. The southeastern province of Central America, between Costa Rica

and the Isthmus of Panama.

Xipixapi. A town on the west coast of New Grenada; lat. about 1° 30'S

OVULA. Panama Shelis. 253

Family—CYPRAIDA.

OVULA.—M. Kiener’s monograph of this genus contains

only 23 species, but Mr. Sowerby, in Thes. Conch., describes

48 species, besides 4 from the west coast of tropical America,

which were described in the Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1852, and

figured in the Conch. Illust., but which seem to have been

overlooked when his monograph was published in 1849.

Some of Mr. Sowerby’s habitats of the species are so ,compre-

hensive, that we cannot suppress the suspicion of some error,

either in the testimony on this point, or in confounding allied

species. Especially are we perplexed by the habitat assigned

to the well-known and very distinct Caribbean species, O.

gibbosa, “collected at Panama by Mr. Cuming.” Dr. Jay,

however, in the last edition of his catalogue, mentions

(copies?) the same habitat. The general question of the

identity of any specific types on both sides of the Isthmus is

of so much importance as to require a careful scrutiny into

all statements of such identity.

1 Ovula avena.

Synonymy.

Ovulum avena Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 173. - Oct. 1832.

— —— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 128. May 1836.

Sowb. Catal. Cyp. p.17. No. 29. - - 1841.

——— —— Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 8. f. 59. - - - - 1841.

Our shells are somewhat smaller than the figure here

quoted. This is one of the species omitted in the Thesaurus.

Stalion.—We found this Mollusk on a small species of

Gorgona at the low water mark of the spring tides.

Habitat. ‘In America Centrali, (Conchagua.)”—Cum-

ing! Sowerby in Proc. Z. 8. ,

254 Panama Sells. CYPR EIDE.

*¢ At Conchagua in Mexico.”—Cuming! Sow-

erby in Catal. Cyp.

Mexico.—Jay.

Santa Barbara.—E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama.—C. B, A.!

We obtained six specimens on the reef at Panama. The

second quotation contains a geographical error. If this is

copied by Dr. Jay, we have only two habitats, besides Panama.

Conchaguia is another name for the Gu'f of Fonseca.

2. Ovula emarginata.

Synonymy.

Ovulum emarginatum Sowd. Spec. Conch. Part L., p. 7,

£54.55, =) =.'-i =) -.f= dowd sser

Gray Deser. Catal.p.19. No.161. June 1832.

Ovula emarginata, Kener Iconog. p. 18. pl. 3. f. 2.

Ovulum emarginatum Sowb. Thes. Coneh. p. 479. No.

$9.7 pH 09! at. Lic 12. - 1848.

Of our three perfect specimens, one is covered with fine re-

volving stria over the whole of the back, not excepting

the keel; another, over all but the keel, as in the fig. in Sowb.

Thes. ; the third is smooth over the middle portion, as in Kien-

er’s figure.

Slation.— Unknown.

Habitat—Unknown.—Sowerby in Spee. Conech.: also

Kiener.

St. Elena——Cuming! Sowerby in Thes.

Conch.

St. Elena.—Jay.

Panama.—C. B. A.!

In the Species Conchyliorum, Mr. Sowerby says, ‘ the only

specimen of this rare species I have seen is in Mr. Bland’s

collection.” We were indebted to the hermit crabs for six

OVULA. Panama Shells. 255

specimens, of which three are quite perfect. They were

found on the reef at Panama. A fragment of a seventh was

found on the beach.

3. Ovula Neglecta.—Nov. sp.

Shell rather slender: dark violaceous red, sometimes with

as light tinge of brown; paler on the lip: smooth, sometimes

with microscopic revolving strize: aperture very narrow in the

posterior three-fifths, wider anteriorly ; slightly produced at

both extremities, and slightly emarginate anteriorly : lip well

thickened, nearly straight along the middle: columella acu-

minate at both extremities, with a longitudinal impressed line,

and a callus behind it. Length, .31inch; breadth, .1 inch.

This species resembles the fig. of O. rufa, Sowb, which is

represented as much larger, with a broader aperture.

Station.—With O. avena, which see.

Habitat.—Panama.—C. B. A.!

We collected 13 specimens on the reef.

4, Ovula Variabilis.—Nov. sp.

Shell very slender: usually white, with a slight tinge of

rufous, with the lip opaque white; sometimes of a rich red

purple: smooth: aperture not very narrow, a little widened

anteriorly, moderately produced, effuse, and slightly inflected

posteriorly ; obliquely emarginate anteriorily : lip well thick-

ened: columella with a longitudinal keel, acute and obliquely

produced anteriorly, posteriorly somewhat biplicate. Length,

.o4 inch; breadth, .15 inches.

This shell resembles O. énflexa, Sowb., but is more slen-

der. Perhaps on comparison of specimens, they may be proved

identical. O. uniplicata, Sowb., is larger, with a wider aper-

ture.

256 Panama Shells. / CYPRAIDE.

Station.—At the low water mark of the spring tides.

The light colored specimens were found on a cream-colored

species of Gorgonia, and the purple specimens on a Gor-

gonia of the same color. Of 56 specimens, four are purple,

and 14 are mature, and 42 immature.

Habitat-——San Juan, Lower Calif.—Lt. Green! Gould

Mss. Purple shells.

Santa Barbara.—H. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Pale, or moderately tinged with purple.

Panama.—C. B. A.!

The 56 specimens were all taken on the reef at Panama.

Mr. Cuming found one specimen of O. inflexum in the Gulf

of Dulce.

5. Ovulas sp. Indet.

We abstain from describing this species, because the only

two specimens which we have are immature. They resem-

ble O. variabilis, but the general form and the aperture are

wider, and the shells are covered with excessively minute re-

volving striae. Exerpt in being striated, they resemble O.

inflecum Sowb. ‘They were found on the reef.

CYPR ZA. Of the seven following species, all appeared

to be rare atPanama, except C. punctulata and C. cervinetta.

6. Cypraza arabicula.

Synonymy.

Cyprea arabicula Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 100. No. 54. 1810.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 399. No. 54. Aug. 1822.

—— ——__ Gray in Zool. Journ. 1.78. - - - - 1825.

—— — Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 3.f. 7. - - 1828.

—— ——__ Gray Deser. Catal. p. 3. No. 13. June 1832.

—_—— _ ———._ Valenc. in Humb. kee. Obs. II. 384. - 18388.

——— —— Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 104.f77. - - 1841.

Kiener Iconog. p. 125. pl. 28. i oy

CYPR EA. Panama Shells. 957

Cyprea arabicula Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 534. No. 54. Desh.

dae alee A at 22a ous> 4. 1844,

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 13. f. 60. - Dee. 1845.

One of our specimens, which is -large and very deeply col-

ored, has the dark brown dorsal lines so confluent, as to re-

semble C. reticulata, It is 1.37 inch long.

Station.—Under stones; Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were under stones, which were from about

eight to twenty inches in diameter, at and just below the

low water mark of the neap tides.

Habitat.—Western shores of Mexico, at Acapulco; Hum-

boldt & Bonpland ! Lamark. :

South Seas; Wood.

Acapulco; Humboldt & Bonpland! Valenciennes,

Brazil ; Ravenel in Catalogue.

St. Elena and Real Llejos ; Sowerby.

Mexico; Gray.

Western shores of Mexico, near Acapulco; Kiener.

St. Elena ; Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

St. Elena; Jay.

Panama; C. B.A!

We collected 7 specimens on the reef.

7. Cyprzea cervinetta,

Synonymy.

Cyprea exanthema var. « Gray in Zool. Journ. I. 139. - 1825,

— — var. fp, “ a ‘e 1825.

——— cervinetla Kiener Iconog. p. 74. pl. 6. f. 1. 2. -

— Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 547.

OS 7 UE a a! bal de Cah StS PSS 1844,

—— exanthma Hinds in Voy Sulph. p. 6 - - - 1845.

— cervus var. Reeve Conch. Icon. - - - - - #£Nov. 1844.

Mr. Reeve regards this species as merely a variety of C. cer-

vus, and has well described its peculiarities of color, But the

258 Panama Shells. CYPR EIDE.

more important difference is in its form, which is scarcely dis-

tinguishable from that of C. exanthema. Although there is a

prevailing type of coloring in each of these three species, it is

rather less constant than the form, so that C. cervinel/a is some-

times liable to be confounded with C. exanthema, until we ob-

serve the aperture, which is like that of C. cervina. 'The latter

is ventricose, rather thinner, with the aperture dilated anteri-

orly ; C. cervinetia is subcylindric, with the aperture as in C.

cervina: C.exanthema is subeylindric, with the aperture nar-

row anteriorly, and the right lip more bent upwards anteriorly.

Station.—At and just above the low water mark of the

spring tides, this species was found under stones which were

not less than fifteen or twenty inches in diameter.

Hlabitat.—Caribbean Sea, and shores of Senegal: Kiener.

Indian Ocean ? Deshayes.

Indian Ocean; Jay.

Panama, and I. of Taboga: C. B. A!

The words of Kiener are “* Habite ’océan des Antilles et

les cétes du Sénégal.” Since no authority is given for this ha-

bitat, and since gross errors of habitat are common in Kiener’s

Iconography, we must be allowed to regard the statement as

wholly erroneous. Some varieties of C. ecanthema, which is

a Caribbean species, might be mistaken for C. cervinetta, and

thus lead to the belief that the latter is also Caribbean. But

C. exanthema is exclusively Caribbean; C. cervinetta we

believe occurs only in the Panama province, as we have above

defined this province ; and C. cervus probably belongs to the .

Polynesian zoological province. We have indeed received a

specimen of C. cervinetta from the Sandwich Islands ; but at

these islands it is a common custom to collect shells from the

whale ships. The habitat assigned to the species by Des-

hayes (copied by Dr. Jay ?) is probably due to hearsay testmony.

Probably the ‘* C. exanthema” found by Mr. Hinds at the

island of Muerte belongs to this species.

CYPR ZA. Panama Shells. 259

We collected 115 specimens, mostly on the reef at Pana-

ma, but partly at Taboga.

8. Cyprea punctulata.

Synonymy.

Cyprea punctulata Gray Zool. Journ. 1. 387, - - - - 1825.

= — Gray Descr. Catal. p. 10. No. 86. - June 1832.

————— ———— “Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll: Mus: Douat.

I. 484. pl. Soe Deere) =~ rape t= 1838.

—— ——___ Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 4. f 20. - - 1841.

——— —— Kiener Iconog. p. 114. pl. 21. f.2.- -

ae es | Deshe ind Bam: £Ane sane)\ Verb.

563. No. 92. a a lem em wi 1844.

a) | Reeve, Canch. Icon, ploilia. 1.60, =. = (Dec leda.

oy.

“ Specimens differ in size and color. Very elegant light

colored specimens occur rarely. One shell is 1.5 inch long

and .88 inch wide; another is .7 inch long and .48 inch wide.

Station — Under stones; Cuming! Reeve.

We found it with C. arabicula, which see.

Habitat—Unknown; Potiez and Michaud.

Panama ; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

New Holland; Gray.

Shores of Peru and of New Holland; Kiener.

Panama; Deshayes: also Jay.

Panama, and I. of Taboga; C.B A!

Gray and Kiener must be in error in citing New Holland as

a habitat of this species. We collected 335 specimens, mostiy

on the reef at Panaima, and partly at Taboga.

9. Cyprzea pustulata.

Synonomy.

Lister Conch. t. 710. f. 62. - = 1678,

Schrot. Einl. Conch. I. 146. - - 1783.

Cyprea pustulata Lam, Aun. Mus. XVI. 101. No. 56. - 1810.

260 Panama Shells. CYPR EIDE.

Cyprea pustulata, Dillw. Catal. I. 469. - - - 1817.

— — Wood Ind. Test. pl. 17. f. 63. - - 1818.

—— ——__ Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 400. No. 56. Aug. 1822.

—— —— Sowb. Gen. f. 5. - - - - 1824.

—— Gray in Zool. Journ. I. p. 513. - - 1825.

Trivia ——— _ Gray Deser. Catal. p. 16. No. 138, June. 18382.

— Penny Cyclop. VIII. 257. f. - - 1837.

Cyprea ——— Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 102. f71. - - 1841.

— Kiener Iconog. p. 128. pl. 2. f. 3.

—— —— __ Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 15. f. 76. Dec. 1845.

Chenu Lec. Elem. pl. II. f 11. 12. - 1847.

Specimens differ much in size: one is 1.04 inch long, and

.6 inch wide; another is .55 inch long, and .33 inch wide.

But we have never seen a specimen as largeas Mr. Reeve’s

figure, which is 1.22 inch long and .73 inch wide.

Station.— Under stones; Cuming! Reeve.

We found this species alive under large stones, at the ex-

treme low water mark of the spring tides only.

Habitat.—Coasts of China, according to Humphreys; Aca-

pulco, according to Lamarck ; Dillwyn.

China; Wood.

Western shores of Mexico, at Acapulco; Hum-

boldt and Bonpland ! Lamarck.

West coast of Mexico; Say in Catal. Mus.

Panama and Isle of Plata, Mexico; Sowerby.

Pacific Ocean ; Gray: also Penny Cyclopedia.

Western shores of Mexico, near Acapulco ; Kiener.

Isle of Plata and Panama, west coast of America ;

Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; Jay.

Panama 4C. 5. Au

The citation of China, as a habitat of this species, is an

error due probably to hearsay testimony. The Isle of Plata

inentioned by Sowerby and by Reeve is probably the island of

CyPREA. Panama Shells. 961

that name, off the coast of Guayaquil, near Cape San Lorenzo,

in latitude 1°10’. It is only 4 miles long and 1 1-2 broad.

Mr. Sowerby’s reference to Mexico 1s unintelligible. ‘T'wo

specimens received by ts from a German conchologist, are said

to have come from Chile, but this is a very doubtful habitat.

We collected 8 living specimens at the end of the reef at

Panama, and 20 dead shells in the vicinity.

10. Cyprea radians.

Synonymy.

Davila Catal. I. pl. 15. f. 1. ; 1767.

Cyprea radians Lam. Am. Mus. XVI. 102. No. 62. 1810.

oniscus Wood Ind. Test. pi. 17. f. 58. 1818.

radians Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 402. No. 62. Aug. 1822.

—_— Gray in Zool. Journ. III. 364. 1828.

Valence. in Humb. Ree. Obs. Il. 335. 1833.

Trivia Gray Descr. Catal. p. 16. No. 187. June. 1832.

Cyprea Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai. 1.485. 1838.

Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 119. f. 146. "841.

—- Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 286. f. 146. 1842.

—_——

Kiener Iconog. p. 129. pl. 23. f. 3.

________ Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 540. No. 62. Desh. ed. 1844.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. f. 117. Feb. 1846.

In the Supp. of Wood’s Ind. Test. C. oniscus has received

by transposition the name of C. radians.

Station —Under stones ; Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat—Adriatic ; Wood.

Western shores of Mexico, at Acapulco; Hum-

boldt and Bonpland! Lamarck.

Pacific Ocean ; Gray.

Acapulco ; Humboldt and Bonpland ! Valenciennes,

Chili; Ravenel in Catatogue.

Western shores of Mexico, near Acapulco; Kiener.

Chili, Western shores of Mexico ; Potiez and Mi-

chaud.

262 Panama Shells. CYPR EIDE.

St. Elena; Cuming! Reeve.

St. Elena; Jay.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould Mss.: also Mus

Essex Inst.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B.A!

Wood is obviously incorrect. It may be doubted also

whether the species inhabits Chili, We found near Panama

only 2 dead specimens.

11. Cypraea rubescens,

Synonymy.

Cyprea rubescens Gray in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 185. Nov. 1832.

-— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 25. f. 141. Feb. 1846

Station —Under stones; Cuming! Gray: also Reeve.

Habitat.—Gallapago Islands ; Cuming! Gray: also Reeve.

Panama (C. BAT

We found 1 dead but perfect specimen on the beach next

east of Panama.

12. Cypraa sanguimea.

Synonymy

Trivia sanguinca Gray Deser, Catal. p. 14. No. 119. June. 1832,

Cyprea — Sowb. Catal. Cyp. p. 12. No. 115. 1841,

— -———. Sowb. Conch. Hl. pl. 6. f. 32. 1841.

——— ~——— Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 570. No. 102.

Desh, ed. 1844.

—_—— ~———— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 23. f. 1277. Feb. 1846.

—-— ——— Chenu Lec. Elem. pl. 10. f. 9, 10. 1847.

Station.— Under stones; Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat —Panama and Mexico; Sowerby.

Pacific Ocean ; Gray : also Deshayes.

St. Hlena; Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

ERATO. Panama Shells. 263

St. Elena; Jay.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B. a

On the beach east of Panama, we found 1 dead but per-

fect shell of this species.

13. Erato scabriuscula.

Synonymy.

Erato scabriuscula Gray Deser. Catal. p. 16. No. 140. June. 1832.

Marginella cypreola Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soe. p.57. March? 1832.

———— granum Kiener Iconog. p. 17, pl. 8. f. 33. 1835.

Erato scabriuscula Sowb. Catal. Cyp. p. 15. No. 1. 1841.

- — — Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 7. f. 45. 1841.

—— — Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 285. f. 7, 10. 1842,

By some mistake a species of Trivia is figured for this spe-

cies in the Penny. Cyclopedia, VIII. 257.

Station.— Under stones and in sandy places ; Sowerby.

On the rocks; Kiener.

We found fine perfect specimens alive under stones near

low water mark. Kiener’s statement, that they live on the

rocks, is probably erroneous. Like Cypraeas, they seek con-

cealment.

Habitat. St Elena; Gray.

‘Sainte Hélene ;” Kiener.

Acapulco; Cuming; Sowerby.

St. Elena; Cuming! Sowerby.

Acapulco; Sloat! Redfield Mss.

Mazatlan; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B. A!

We found 1 youn

g, and 3 mature shells on the reef at Pa-

nama. Although we turned over many hundred stones in the

search, no more could be found.

Our specimens exhibit the pliciform columellar teeth, and

the pustuious enamel of the surface in full development. M.

264 Panama Shells. CYPR EIDE.

Kiener’s figure represents a mature specimen, probably not an

old one, with the columellar teeth not fully developed. We

are indebted to Mr. Redfield for the gift of his best specimen,

which appears to be full grown and porfect without the pus-

tulous surface. Col. Jewett also collected several specimens

of the same variety at Mazatlan. Perhaps the acquisition of

this character is the last change which the shell undergoes.

14, Wiargimelia mimor. Noy.sp.

Shell ovate: white, or pale horn color, subtransparent ;

rather thin, smooth: spire slightly elevated: whorls about

three (?) with a very indistinct suture: aperture linear: lip

rather thin at the margin, thickened behind, posteriorly as-

scending the spire: columella with two well developed plaits

at the end, with a third one less developed, and sometimes

with a fourth which is more or less indistinct. Length, .09

inch: breadth, .063 inch: some of our specimens, which ap-

pear to be full grown, are much smaller.

This little shell closely resembles the Caribbean species,

M. Lavalleana Orb. (M. minima Guild,): the most obvious

difference is in the outline, which in the Caribbean species is

broader across the upper part of the last whorl, the lip conse-

quently being, at this part, more excurved.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A!

We obtained 10 more or less perfect specimens from the

calcareous sand, which had been washed up near the sea wall

of Panama.

15. MWMarginella sapotilla.

Synonymy.

Marginella sapotilla Hinds in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 74. April, 1844.

sa — Hinds inVoy. Sulph. Moll. pl. 13.f10,11. 1844.

——— Thes. Conch. p. 383. No 39. pl. 77. f. 150-1. 1846.

MARGINELLA. Panama Shells. 265

Station.—From 5 to 13 fathoms sandy mud ; Hinds! copied

by Sowerby.

We found these molluscs on a flat of liquid mud, a little

above low water mark. On the surface of this mud they

were moving about with great vivacity while the tide was out.

Habitat.—Panama ; Hinds! copied by Sowerby.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama > €> BAe!

Mr. Hinds calls this species “‘ the American analogue” of

M. prunum Gm. (syn. M. coerulescens Lam.) but Mr. Sowerby

assigns M. prunum to Panama as its habitat! A little east

of Panania we obtained 40 living specimens of M. sapotilla,

and also collected many dead shells on the beach above the

muddy flats. No specimen of M. prunum was found. The

latter, however, occurs abundantly in some parts of the Ca-

ribbean sea. We have obtained in Jamaica a large number

of this species, said to have been taken on the keys south of

that Island, and the Hon. Edward Chitty, of J., kindly gave

us a parcel said to have been collected at Curacoa. Inde-

pendently of the testimony, the other shells, which were

mingled with these parcels, were all Caribbean species.

Without affirming anything respecting the existence of M.

prunum on the west coast of Africa,* we may therefore safely

say that it is the Caribbean species,—as MW. sapotilla is the:

Pacific species—of tropical America.

* Mr. J. H. Redfield, the best authority in reference to this genus, informs me

that he has examined many parcels of shells collected in the Gambia region, at

Cape Palmas, and the I. of St. Thomas, in the Gulf of Guinea, and has never been

able to find any evidence that the MZ prunum inhabits West Africa. Mr. R. sug-

gests that by some means Adanson may have been in error, and that his error has

been simply copied by all subsequent authors.

JUNE, 1825. 21 ANN. LYC NAT. HIST.

266 3 Panama Shells. MITRIDE.

Family MITRIDA.

16. Miter fumiculata.

Synonymy.

Mitra funiculata Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f. 122. Oct. 1844.

— Reeve Proc. Zool. Soc. London. p. 177. Dec. 1844.

Station.—In coral sand at the depth of 14 fathoms; Cuming!

Reeve.

Habitat —I. of Plata; Cuming! Reeve.

I. of Plata; Jay.

Panama}: ‘C..B: Ay!

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 23 specimens in :

different stages of growth.

17. Nditra lems.

Synonymy.

Voluta lens Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 3. f. 25. 1828.

Tiara foraminata (Swains. Mss.) Brod. Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond.

p. 194. Dec. 1885.

Mitra Dunontii Kiener Iconog. p. 43. pl. 13. f. 39.

lens Reeve Conch, Icon. pl. 1. f. 1. Aug. 1844.

Wood’s figure is too wide anteriorly: Kiener’s figure is

both elegant and inaccurate; the description is much better:

Reeve’s figure leaves nothing to be desired.

Station.—Sandy mud, at a depth ranging from 6 to 14 fath-

oms ; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve.

Habitat.—Unknown; Wood.

Panama, St. Elena, and I. of Plata; Cuming!

Broderip : also Reeve.

The Red Seca; Kiener.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama, and St. Elena; Jay.

MITRA. Panama Shells. 267

La Paz; Major Rich! Gould Mss.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 24 specimens in

different stages of growth.

Kiener’s statement is doubtless erroneous.

18. Miitra mucleola.

Synonymy.

Mitra nucleola Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVII. 218. No. 64. 1811.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 320. No. 64. Aug. 1822,

Kiener Iconog. p. 84. pl. 26. f. 83. vars. excl.

Pot. & Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai. I. 499. pl. 35.

feller Ge 1838.

Kust. Conch. Cab. p. 112. No. 95. pl. 17.f. 18. 19? 1844.

Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 337. No. 64. (Desh. ed.) 1844.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 28. f. 226. Jan. 1845.

bua

We had at first some doubts of the identity of our speci-

mens with the Lamarckian species, but the differences be-

tween their form and that of Mr. Reeve’s figure are precisely

-similar to those between the half-grown, and the mature M.

granulosa of the Caribbean seas. M. Kiener’s remarks leave

no room for doubt. Our shells, being fresh, are of a deep

brown, like fresh specimens of the Caribbean species.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Unknown ; Lamarck: also Potiez and Michaud :

also Reeve.

Indian Ocean, seas of Java; Kiener.

Panama 7, Cy BY Av!

We obtained 11 specimens, none of which are quite ma-

ture. Kiener’s statement of habitat is probably incorrect.

Kiener remarks that this shell is only a variety of Mitra

granulosa ; Reeve says that there is ‘“‘ no analogy whatever,”

268 Panama Shells. MITRIDZ.

between these species. We will venture to add that while

the species are clearly distinct, they constitute one of those

interesting pairs of analogues, which inhabit opposite sides of

the Isthmus of tropical America.

M. granulosa we believe to be exclusively a Caribbean

species, although Kiener says ‘‘ Habite les mers de |’Inde et

de la Nouvelle Zélande, de la Guadeloupe, de la Trinité et du

Mexique.”

19. Mitra solitaria. Nov. sp.

Shell rather slender, fusiform: of a very deep blackish

brown, less deep in the aperture, and quite pale on the plaits:

with very numerous small transverse ribs, which are obsolete

anteriorly, and which are granulated by revolving striz, that

are obsolete in the interspaces posteriorly, and are strongly de-

veloped anteriorly, with microscopic incremental striz ; apex

acute: whorls ten, moderately convex, slightly shouldered

above, with a moderately impressed suture: aperture long,

with a rather short canal: labrum thick, with numerous sharp

plaits inside, with a sinus near the posterior end: columella

with four plaits. Length .68 inch ; breadth, .23 inch; length

of aperture, .34 inch.

Station —Under stones near low water mark we found this

elegant and rare shell.

Habitet.— Panama ; ©. B.A;

We found a single specimen on the reef.

20. Mitra tristis.

Synonymy.

Mitra tristis Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p- 194. Dec. 1835.

- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 15. f. 114. Sept. 1844,

Station.—In sandy mud at the depth of 6 to 10 fathoms ;

Cuming! Broderip; also Reeve. We found sey-

TEREBRA. Panama Shells. 269

eral individuals alive under stones near low

water mark.

Habitat.—St. Elena, and the Galiapago Islands; Cuming!

Broderip : also Reeve.

St. Elena; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained 28 specimens, of which 20 are immature,

and only 3 are both mature and perfect.

Family PURPURIDA.

TEREBRA. Although 11 species of this genus were

collected, the number of specimens is small, and they are

more or less imperfect. Probably they all, like most of their

congeners, and as is well known of several of these species,

live only below low water mark. 5 of the species may be

new ; but as our specimens are not perfect and not sufficiently

numerous for distribution, we shall leave them undescribed.

21. Verebra elata.

Synonymy.

Terebra elata Hinds in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 156. Dec. 1848.

Hinds in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 177. No. 78.

pl. 45. f. 68. 69. - - - - 1844,

Station.—In 15 fathoms, coarse sand ; Hinds!

Habitat.—Bay of Montija ; Hinds!

Montija ; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 4 specimens.

22. Terebra larveformis.

' Synonymy.

Terebra larveformis Hinds in Proc. Zool. Sec. Lond.

p. 156) 7 =F ar Dea tae

270 Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

Terebra larveformis Hinds in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 176.

No. 73. pl. 48. £46.47. - - 1844,

Station.—In from 6 to 15 fathoms, sandy mud ; Hinds!

Habitat.—St. Elena, Monte Christi; Hinds!

Monte Christi; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

's We found only 2 specimens.

23. TWerebra robusta.

Synonymy.

Terebra robusta Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 149. Dee. 1843.

_ — Hinds in Zool. Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 32. 1844,

—— Hinds in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 152. No. 5.

PAOLE ao. NOPE pacar e 1844.

Station.—In from 4 to 18 fathoms, sandy mud; Hinds!

Habitat.—West coast of America, between 8° 57’ and 21° 32’

N. lat.; namely, at Panama, Gulf of Nicoya,

Gulf of Papagayo, and San Blas; Hinds!

Gulf of Nicoya; Jay.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B. A.! |

We collected 5 specimens.

24, Werebra specillata.

‘ Synonymy.

Terebra specillata Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 155. Dee. 1848.

— Hinds in Zool. Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 34. 1844.

—— ——— Hinds in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 163. No. 35.

pL MASEope sei yi. anne 1844,

Station.—7 fathoms, sandy mud; Hinds!

Habitat.—San Blas; Hinds!

San Blas; Jay.

TEREBRA. Panama Shells. o71

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 12 specimens in various degrees of preser-

vation.

o5. Nevebra tuberculosa.

Synonymy. ‘

Terebra tuberculosa Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 154. Dee. 1843.

——_— Hinds in Zool. Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 34. 1844.

—_——_ Hinds in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. Wide

Td il hs:

Station.—From 4 to 11 fathoms ; Hinds!

Habitat-—Panama, Gulf of Papagayo, and San Blas; Hinds!

Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

26. Terebra varicosa.

Synonymy.

Terebra varicosa Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 152. Dec. 1843.

— Hinds in Zool. Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 32. - 1844.

——— Hinds in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 163. No. 37.

fiz. on same page. - - - 1844.

Station —23 fathoms, mud ; Hinds !

Habitat—Gulf of Papagayo; Hinds!

Panama; C. B. A!

We obtained only 1 specimen.

27. TWerebra (a).—Like T. specillata, but more finely

sculptured : 2 specimens.

28. Terebra (b).—A slender brown species: 5 spe-

cimens.

99. Nerebra (c).—Small, olivaceous, with a dingy white

band next above the suture: 1 specimen.

30. Werebra (d).—A small very delicately and

sculptured shell: 1 specimen.

31. Terebra (e¢).—1 very imperfect specimen.

272 Panama Sheils. PURPURIDE.

OWLUVA. In searching for species of this genus, I had

but little success, although all the sands near Panama were

visited, from the low water mark of the spring tides upwards.

Of the ten species which were obtained, only one was found

alive. Probably the species appear chiefly at certain seasons.

_ The one which was found alive in countless myriads, was seen

during only a part of my stay in Panama.

32. Oliva angulata.

Synonymy.

Davila Catal. I. pl. 15. f. F. - - 1767.

Martini Conch. Cab, IL. 164. pl. 47.

f. 499. 500. - . nl te

Schrot. Ein]. Conch. I. 248. - - E83:

Voluta oliva var. ¢ Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3440. - 1788.

Oliva angulata Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 310. No. 6. 1810.

Voluta incrassata Dillw. Catal. I. 516. No. 35. - - 1st

—+— ———— Wood Ind. Test. pl. 19. f. 35. - 1818.

Oliva angulata Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 420.

No. 6. - - - - Aug. 1822.

Encye. Meth. pl. 363. f. 6. - - 1824,

—_— —§ Desh. in Encye. Meth. Vers. IIT. 649. No. 9. 1832.

—_—s ——————— Duel. Mon. Oliva, pl. 17. f. 9. 10. - 1835.

—- Kist. Conch. Cab. pl. 2. f 1. 2. - 1840.

— 1 ~——— Ducl. in Chenu. pl. 18.f. 9.10. - - 1843.

— ———- Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 607. No. 6.

Desh. Ed. 1844.

— —— Reeve Elem. Conch. pl. 1. f. 4. also pl. D. 1846.

SO Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f 1. Optime. Nov. 1850,

Station.—In sandy mud, at the depth of 9 fathoms; Cuming!

Reeve.

Habitat —Unknown; Wood: Lamarck.

Peru; Deshayes.

Gulf of Nicoya, Central America; Cuming!

Reeve: also Duclos.

OLIVA. Panama Shells. Be

Bay of Magdalena; Duclos.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Real Llejos ; Jay. |

Bay of Panama; C. B. A.!

The text of Duclos (in Chenu II]. Conch.) is somewhat

ambiguous; ‘* Habite la baie de la Madeleine, le golfe de

Nicoyo, Costa Rica, Amérique centrale, d’oG M. Cuming l’a

rapportée.” The Bay of Magdalena is much farther north

than Costa Rica, on the outside of the peninsula of California

in latitude 24° 30’ N. Probably a different punctuation

should have been used, so as to indicate two distinct localities.

We obtained 17 fine large specimens in the fruit shanty

before mentioned. ‘They were said to have been taken

“down the bay.” Their condition, and the other shells which

were with them, fully confirmed the statement.

33. Oliva arameosa.

Synonymy.

Martini Conch. Cab. IT. 167. pl. 48. f. 509. 510. 1778.

Oliva araneosa Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 315. No. 19. = 1810.

——_— Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 424. No. 19. Aug. 1822.

—-— ——— Lam. in Encye. Meth. pl. 363. f.1. - - 1824.

Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 614. No. 19. Desh. Ed. 1844.

—-— reticularis Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 10. f. 169. 16d.

alt. excl. - - - - - Aug. 1850.

If Lamarck and Duclos have sometimes gone into the one

extreme of excessive multiplication of species, Mr. Reeve has,

we fear, in a rare instance of error, gone to the opposite ex-

treme, in uniting with O. reticularis, O. araneosa, and O.

venulata of Lam., and Duclos’ species O. Timoria, O. obesina,

and O. pindarina. Mr. Reeve’s fig. 16a. represents well the

common Caribbean species, O. reticularis, which inhabits the

islands and main land around the Caribbean sea. Fig. 167

274 Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

resembles a variety of the same species, which Mr. Redfield

has received from Carthagena. But figs. 16d and 16g re-

present the kindred type of the Pacific shore. This we sup-

pose to be O. araneosa of Lamarck. The difference between

the Caribbean and the Pacific types is somewhat less in value

than the average difference between species. But we have

elsewhere shown, (Cont. Conch. p. 191,) that it is impossible

to make all the species of exactly equal value. Those figures

on Mr. Reeve’s pl. X, which we have not before referred to in

this paragraph, represent probably one or two other species of

the Pacific coast.

In consequence of this union of distinct types, Mr. R. gives

as the habitat of O. reticularis, ** Gulf of California ; Donnet.

I. of Granada, West Indies; J. Cuming.”

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—South Seas? Lamarck.

Bay of Panama; C. B. A.!

In the fruit shanty we found 1 specimen, in company

with other shells, all of which had been taken near Panama.

34. Oliva imconspicua. Nov. sp.

Shell rather slender: white: smooth: spire about as long

as the aperture: apex rather obtuse: whorls six, with a well

impressed suture, slightly convex: aperture acuminate in the

upper half, subrectangular in the lower half: labrum thin:

anterior notch very slight, wide.

Mean divergence about 30°; in another specimen nearly

40°; leneth .15 inch; breadth .055 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained only 3 mature specimens and one immature,

in picking over several quarts of fine drift materials gathered

on the shore near the city wall.

OLIVA. Panama Shells. 275

A kindred undescribed species occurs in Jamaica. Like

the above and like most of the minute rare tropical species, it

appears to have escaped the notice of collectors.

35. Oliva pellucida.

Synonymy.

Oliva pellucida Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 27. f. 85. - Nov. 1850.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Unknown; Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained one specimen, which is about three-fifths as

large as Mr. Reeve’s specimen.

36. Oliva porphyria.

Synonymy.

Gualt. Test. pl. 24.fP. - - 1742.

D’Argeny. Conch. p. 285. pl. 16. f. K. 1742.

D’Argeny. Conch. p. 243. pl. 13. f, K. 1757.

Knorr. Vergn. I. pl. 15. f. L - L757.

Voluta porphyria Linn, Syst. Nat. (Ed. ie I. 729:

No. 349. = - 1758.

ee Linn. Syst. Nat. (Ed. 10. Pea Pars.

II. p. 1187. No. 398. - i767.

D' Argeny. Conch. p. 201. pl. 13. f. K 1772.

——$ —#—_—————— Martini Conch. Cab. II. 157. pl. 47.

£,495-6i pl 4 £4980) (s = 798.

Panama or Camp Olive Da Costa Elem. Conch. pp. 189. 291.

pl. 5. f. 4. - - - - /VEI6.

Favanne’s D’ Argeny. II. 818-822. pl.

19. f. K. = 3 os -.' 1780.

Voluta porphyria Born Mus. Ces. p.212. —- - 1780.

os Schrot. Einl. I. 201. No.7. - - 1783.

—=_—s@ Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3438.

No. 16. - = = _ 1788.

Oliva ———— Lam. Syst. An, sans Vert. p. 75. 1801.

276 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA.

Oliva porphyria Cubieres’ Hist. Coq. p. 69. pl. 7. f. 4.

- Roissy in Buff. Moll. V. 429. No. 1.

PG ae eee ice od a

Voluie se Turt. in Linn. Syst. Nat. IV. 361. 1806.

Oliva — — Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 309. No. 1. 1810.

—— Panamensis seu porphyrius Montf. Conch. Syst. II.

387. f. ad p. 386. - - 1810.

—— porphyracea Perry Conch. pl. 41. f.3. - Jan. 1811.

Voluta porphyria Brooke Introd. Conch. pl. 6. f. 68. 181p.

——- ———= Dillw. Catal. 1. 510. No. 29. - 1817.

on Schum. Nouv. Syst. p. 243. - 1817.

V0 ————— Wood Ind. Test. pl.19.f.29. — - 1818.

023 Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 418.

No. 1. - - - - Aug. 1822.

—_ ———— Children’s Lam. Gen. pl. 5. vol. 16.

1.200: - - - - 1823.

—-— =—§ Sowb. Gen. ph—. f. 1. - - 1824.

—-— =—- Lam. in Encye. Meth. pl. 361. f. 4. 1824.

——_— Blainy. Malac. pl. 30.f. 4. - - 1825.

—— Roux Icon. Conch. Liy. I. p. 4. pl. 3.

sae ofS - - - - 1828.

—— —- Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 2 Obv = 1828.

—— ———— Desh. in Encye. Meth. Vers. III. 648.

No. 8. - - - - 1832.

Sa) eee Ducl. Monog. Oliva. pl. 24. f. 1-5. 1835.

eee Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai.

ar. - - - 1838.

—- —§ ———_— Kist. Conch. Cab. p. 10. pl. 2. 7 5.

hae os). ae 1840.

— ~——— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 273. f. 1. 1842.

a Hanley Conch. Book Spec. p. 180. 1842.

— Ducl. in Chenu Ill. Conch. pl. 1.f 1-5. 18438.

— —s§ —_— Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 605. No. 1.

Desh. ed. - - - 1844,

—_—- ——— Reeve. Conch. Icon. pl. 1. £9 2. Nov. 1850.

— Heck Icon. Encye. pl. 75. f. 125.

Baird ed. = : ~ : 1851.

patan foe tee Woodward Man. Moll. p. 116. pl. 6.

freee Mea - ieee S185.

Station.—In sandy mud at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

OLIVA. Panama Shells. Py

Habitat. —Unknown ; Linnzus, 1758,

Brazil ; Linneeus, 1767 : also Gmelin: also Turton :

also Say in Catal. of his Mus.

West Indies and coasts of South America ; Dillwyn.

West Indies; Wood.

Seas of South America ; shores of Brazil; Lamarck:

also Roux: also Potiez and Michaud: also

Kuster.

* T,’Olive de Panama; Lamarck: also Blainville.

South America; Ravenel in Catalogue.

Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; Jay: also Woodward.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

La Paz, Lower California ; Lt. Green! Gould Mss.

Bay of Panama; C. B.A.!

Linneus, Dillwyn, Wood, and Lamarck are obviously in

. an error, which has been successively copied from the former.

But the common name of the species, which we find in most

of the old authors, indicates the true habitat.

Unfortunately none of my rambles were rewarded with a

specimen in any condition. ‘Two or three were seen in the

fruit shanty among other shells, all of which inhabit the vi-

cinity of Panama.

Two intensely colored specimens in the Mus. Amh., from

an unknown habitat, are 42 in. long and 2 in. wide.

37. Oliva semistriata.

Synonymy.

Oliva semistriata Gray, Zool. Beech. Voy. pl. 36. f. 10. 1839.

- Siebold, Wiegm. Archiv. p. 210. 1839.

—- ———— _ Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 23. f. 61. Oct. 1850.

Station.—* Moving about by hundreds, with great rapidity,

in the wet sand ;” Cuming! Reeve.

278 ~ Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

Habitat —Salango, West Columbia ; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; C. B.A.!

We obtained a few specimens, which were occupied by

hermit crabs, on the reef at. Panama, near low water mark.

In the fruit shanty we purchased 175 specimens, which ap-

peared to have been taken alive.

38. @liva testacea.

Synonymy.

Oliva testacea Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 324. No. 51. - 1810.

—_—- Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 435. No. 51. Aug. 1822.

——- ——— Valen. in Humb. Ree. Obs. IL. 334. - 1833.

——- ——— Duclos in Chenu Conch. Ill. pl. 3. £17.18, (£19.

SOC NeD a BN, ites mieten 1843.

—- ——— lam. An. sans Vert. X. 627. No. 51. Desh. Ed. 1844.

—- ——— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 18. f. 36. - Sept. 1850.

Station.—In sandy mud at a depth of about 6 fathoms; Cu-

ming! Reeve.

Habitat.—The South Sea, on the shores of Mexico; Humboldt

and Bonpland ! Lamarck.

Acapuleo; Humboldt and Bonpland! Valen-

clennes.

Mexico and California; Duclos.

Mazatlan; Melechers! Menke.

Panama; Jay.

Real Llejos, Mexico; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama? ©. B.A.

Duclos says, ‘‘ Habite le Mexique pour sa plus grande

taille, la Californie pour sa plus petite, et la Nouvelle Hollande

pour la varieté blanche.” The variety (f. 19, 20.) is evidently

a distinct species.—Mr. Reeve’s punctuation seems to imply

that Real Llejos is in Mexico, but since Real Llejos is not in

Mexico, the latter must be another habitat on the authority of

Mr. Cuming, unless Mr. R. bas fallen into a geographical

error.

OLIVA. Panama Shells. 979

On the sand beach, next west of Panama, we collected

20 dead but entire specimens.

39. Oliva umdatelia.

Synonymy.

Oliva wr datella Lam. in Ann, Mus. XVI. 326. No. 55. - 1810.

—_— — Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 438. No.58. Aug. 1822.

——- fenebrosa Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4.f.38. 0 - - 1828.

——- undatella Duel. Mon. Oliva. 11. 5. f.5-10. - - 1835.

—- ——— Gray, Zool. Becch. Voy. pl. 36. f.23,27. - 1839.

—— ——- Duclos in Chenu Lil. Conch. pl. 6. f. 5-10. 1843.

—- ——— Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 630. No. 58. - — 1844.

——- ——— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 25. f. 73. - Oct. 1850.

Wood’s accurate figure appears to have been overlooked

by most authors.

Station.—In sand and on mud banks at low water ; Cuming!

Reeve.

Habitat.—Unknown ; Wood.

Acapulco; Humboldt and Bonpland! Lamarck :

Duclos

West coast of Mexico; Say in Catal. Mus.

Pacific; Ravenel in Catalogue.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Acapulco ; Jay.

Bay of Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B. A.!

For this species I was indebted wholly to the hermit crabs.

15 specimens were obtained near a sandy spot on the reef,

near low water mark. They are all of one pattern of coloring,

intermediate between Wood’s figure and 73 6 of Reeve.

280 Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

40. @liva venuilata.

Synonymy.

Voluta ispidula var. B (pars) Born. Mus. p. 216. . wy aL 80)

Martini Conch. IT. 158. pl. 46. f. 488. 17738.

Oliva venulata Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 313. No. 18. 1810.

Sak) Lam. An.sans Vert. VIT. 422. No. 13. Aug. 1822.

——- ——— Lam. in Encye. Meth. pl. 361. f. 5. 1824.

ee SES Desh. in Encyc. Meth. vers. IIT. 650.

No. 12. - - - - 1832.

———————— Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai. I.

472. - - - 1838.

——- ———_- Kit. Conch. Cab. pl. 6. f. 5. - 1840.

—— Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 611. No. 138.

Desh. Ed. - - - 1854.

——- reticularis var. Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 10. f. 160. (alt.

excl.) - - - Aug. 1850.

Our specimen more resembles O. splendidula as figured in

the Ill. Conch. of Chenu, than O. venu/ata in the same work.

We think, however, that it is the species, which is figured in

the Eneye. and by Reeve as above. The principal difference

between this shell and O. araneosa is in the short dark brown

bent lines of the former.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat —Unknown; Lamarck: also Potiez and Michaud.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

La Paz; Lt. Green! Gould Mss.

Bay of Panama; C. B. A.!

Duclos (in Chenu) says of his O. venulata, which proba-

bly belongs to a different species from ours, ‘‘ Habite la mer

des Indes.” In the fruit shanty we found 1 specimen among

other shells, all of which are known to inhabit the Bay of

Panama.

OLIVA. Panama Shells. 281

41. Gliva volutelia.

Synonymy.

Oliva volutella Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 322. No. 43. - 1810.

——- ——— Lam. An. sans Vert. VIL. 4320No. 43. Aug. 1822.

___. ___«-Swains. Zool. Il. 2nd ser. pl. 40.f 1. - 1823.

__—- ewrulea Wood Ind. Test. supp. pl. 4. f. 36. - 1828.

___ yolutella Valenc. in Humb. Rec. Obs. II. 334. - 1833.

___. _ Duel. Mon. Oliva. pl. 6. f, 7-14. - 1835.

aot oe) Gray at Beech. Voy. p. 131. - - 1839.

___. ___ -— Sowb. Man. No. 561. f. 560. - - 1839.

___. _____~ Duclos in Chenu Ill. Conch. pl. T. i. 1-14. 1843.

- Souleyet (?) Voy. Bonite. Moll. pl. 45. f. 22-24. 1844?

spunea hd = iam. Anseaner Verk X. 623. No. 48. Desh. Ed. 1844.

___. ____- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 21. f. 54. - Oct. 1850.

Station.—On mud banks at low water ; Cuming! Reeve.

This species we found alive in vast numbers, over an ex-

tent of many acres, on the sand beach west of the city of Pa-

nama. They were most numerous where the beach had a

gentle slope, about midway between high and low water mark.

Some time after the retreat of the tide they were found

erawling about with much vivacity on the wet sand. The

shell, while the animal was moving, was wholly covered with

the mantle, and the mantle was entirely concealed with a

thick coat of sand. When the first wave of the returning tide

struck them, washing off their coats of sand, they instantly

buried themselves. Frequently, however, I passed over this

spot without seeing any of them. They were also found, but

in less numbers, just above the low water mark of the neap

tides, on sandy flats near the beach above mentioned.

Habitat—Shores of Mexico ; Humboldt and Bonpland! La-

marck.

Isthmus ; Swainson.

Unknown; Wood.

JUNE, 1852. 28 ANN. LYC, NAT. HIST.

282 Panama Shells PURPURID&.

Acapulco; Humboldt and Bonpland ! Valenciennes.

West coast of Mexico; Say in Catal. Mus.

Mexico, California, Panama; Duclos.

Panama; Cuming! Reeve: also Morch.

Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 4,500 specimens.

42, Plamaxis planicostata,.

Synonymy.

Planaxis planicostata Sowb. in Tank. Catal. No. 1418. App. p. 13. 1825.

Buccinum planawis Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 15. 1828.

Planazxis canaliculata Duval in Rey. Zool. - - Apr. 1840.

pensereree -- Trosch. in Wiegm. Archiv. p. 271. 1840.

-- planicostata Reeve Elem. Conch. pl. B. f. 17. 1846.

The epidermis of this shell is exceedingly thick and tena-

cious, and of a dingy olive green. Beneath the epidermis the

shell is black, but near the apex and in faded specimens the

color is brown. All the specimens at Panama and in one spot

at Taboga belong to a large variety, and are often more than

an inch long. The others at Taboga were mostly from .6 inch

to .7 inch long.

Station.—Under stones between high water and half tide

level.

Habitat —Gallapago Is.; Sowerby: also Duval: also Jay.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

At Taboga in incredible numbers: less common on the

reef at Panama. We collected about 1200 specimens.

NASSA. Panama Shells. 283

NASSA. Mr. Powis has described in the Proceedings

of the Zoological Society of London, 1835, pp. 95, 96, seven

species of this genus from Panama and from other parts of

the same Zoological province. We obtained fourteen species,

two (perhaps three) of which answer to the descriptions by

Mr. Powis.

43. Nassa camescems. Nov. sp.

Shell rather long, ovate conic: pale brown on all the

raised portions of the surface, with the interspaces pale gray :

with ten or eleven very prominent narrow ribs, and many

raised spiral lines, which are not interrupted by the ribs, and

of which two on the middle of the whorls and some anteriorly

are larger: spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear: apex

acute: whorls eight or nine, subangular in the middle, with a

well impressed suture; last whorl moderately ventricose, an-

teriorly spirally subcanaliculate: aperture subelliptical : labrum

subacute, much thickened by a varix a little behind the edge,

finely grooved within: labium finely wrinkled, a little dilated

but not appressed: notch larze and deep.

Mean divergence about 50°; length 1.05 inch ; breadth .6-

inch ; length of spire .6 inch.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. BA!

1 specimen was obtained.

44, Nassa coliaria. Nov. sp.

Synonymy.

Nassa collaria, Gould MSS.

Shell ovate conic: dingy white, with a dark reddish

brown band on each side of the whorl: with, on each whorl,

about ten or twelve ribs, which are smaller and more approxi-

284 Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

mate but not obsolete on the last part of the last whorl ; with

many spiral raised lines, with the intersections subnodulous :

spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear : apex acute: whorls

seven, slightly convex, with a distinct suture ; last whorl with

a minute spiral canal anteriorly: aperture subelliptical: la-

brum subacute, thickened with a stout varix, within crenu-

lated coarsely and unequally: labium a little thickened, not

appressed : with a deep notch.

Mean divergence about 50°; length .38 inch: breadth .21

inch ; length of spire .23 inch.

Var. «; smaller (.23 inch long); with the lower fascia

much broader, and darker anteriorly.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama ; (var. «); E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 4 specimens of the type, and one of the va-

riety.

45. Nassa corpulenmta, Nov. sp.

Shell ovate conic, very robust: spirally banded with white

and brown, sometimes mostly white, sometimes mostly brown,

with a broad white stripe below the middle of the last whorl,

white in and about the aperture: with, on each whorl, about

eleven narrow ribs, which are traversed by spiral raised lines:

spire with the outlines rectilinear or slightly concave : apex

acute: whorls nine, moderately convex, with a well impressed

suture ; last whorl very large and ventricose, spirally canali-

culate anteriorly : aperture subelliptical, contracted: labrum

subacute thickened with a very stout varix, within coarsely

sulcate: labium wrinkled, a little thickened but not appressed :

notch large and deep. NV. festiva Powis must resemble this

shell, and possibly may be identical with it.

Mean divergence about 46°; length .88 inch ; breadth .63

inch ; length of spire .46 inch.

NASSA. Panama Shells. 285

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

17 specimens were obtained.

46. NWassa gemumulosa.—Nov. sp.

Shell ovate conic, ventricose : whitish, more or less tinged

with yellowish brown; with a narrow spiral stripe of brown

at the upper margin of the whorls, and another anteriorly ;

with two or three minute spiral brown lines on the middle of

the last whorl, which are interrupted by the nodules: with

about fifteen or sixteen minute ribs on each whorl, and spiral

raised lines, of which three or four are visible on the spire ;

with the intersections developed into well rounded nodules:

spire with the outlines rectilinear: apex very acute: whorls

seven, a little convex, with a distinct suture; last whorl spi-

rally subcanaliculate anteriorly : labrum subacute, well thick-

ened by a varix, coarsely ridged within: labium much arcuated,

a little thickened but not appressed: notch deep.

Mean divergence about 56°; length .25 inch; breadth .17

inch; length of spire .15 inch.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

47. Nassa giauca.—Nov. sp.

_ Shell ovate conic, ventricose: glaucous or olivaceous, with

a broad spiral stripe of dingy white a little above the suture,

whitish about the aperture, deeply colored in the anterior spi-

ral canal: with, on each whorl, about ten ribs, of which the

last two or three next to the aperture are nearly obsolete ;

with many spiral striae, which traverse the ribs: spire with

the outlines nearly rectilinear: apex acute: whorls eight,

286 Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

moderately convex, with a distinct suture ; last whorl ventri-

cose, with a narrow deep spiral canal anteriorly: aperture

subelliptical: labrum subacute, thickened with a stout varix,

within with about five acute spiral ridges: labium well

thickened, not appressed : notch deep.

Mean divergence about 55°; length .5 inch; breadth .31

inch; length of spire .28 inch.

Var. « ; with the color nearly black.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

32 specimens were collected.

48. Nassa luteostoma.

Synonymy.

Nassa luteostoma Brod. & Sowb. in Zool. Journ. 1V. 376. 1829.

Buccinum Kiener Iconog. p. 110. pl. 30. f. 1.

WNassa —_ xanthostoma Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. pl. 36. f. 3.

(parva.) - - : - - 1839.

—- ——— Souleyet (?) Voy. Bonite. Moll. pl. 41.

f. 5-7. - - - - - 18442

—- - luteostoma Reeve Elem. Conch. pl. 3. f. 11. 1846.

—— _ xanthostoma Mrs. Gray Moll. pl. 85a. f. 5. (soft parts.) 1850.

Station.—On sand, usually not far below high water mark,

in places where water is running during the recess

of the tide: also in similar places not far above

low water mark.

Habiiat.—Senegal; Kiener: also Jay.

Real Llejos, and Acapulco; Lesson.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 330 specimens, mostly near the sea wall of

Panama. ‘“ M. Kiener indique le Senegal pour patrie 4 cette

NA SSA. Panama Shells. 287

coquille; il y a, sans doute, erreur.” Lesson in Rev. Zool.

Aug. 1842.

49. Nassa modifera.

Synonymy.

Nassa nodifera Powis in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 95. June. 1835.

This shell has distant fine spiral strie, which are usually

obsolete on the middle of the whorls. Some specimens are

ornamented with spiral lines of dark brown, and rarely the

whole shell, except the aperture, is dark brown. Mr. Powis

disposes of the coloration with the single word albescente, but

otherwise his brief description corresponds exactly with our

shells.

Station.—In coral sand, in from 6 to 10 fathoms; Cuming!

Powis.

Habitat—Gallapago Islands and the shores of Panama ;

Cuming! Powis.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

40 specimens were collected.

50. Nassa pagodus.

Synonymy.

Buccinum decussatum Kiener (nec Linn. nec Lam.) p. 109. No.

106: pli 30; ode ee

Triton pagodus Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p.

LAT LY i ee July. 1844,

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 20.%.97. Aug. 1844.

The colors are sometimes more intense than in Mr. Reeve’s

figure. From M. Petit we have received two specimens la-

belled B. decussatum Kiener; Payta.

Station —Unknown.

288 Panama Shells. PURPURID&.

Habitat.—Atlantic Ocean, on the shores of Africa; Kiener.

“Bay of Montija, West Columbia;’ Cuming!

Reeve.

Payta; Petit in sched.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

22 specimens were collected.

51. Nassa Pamamensis.—Nov. sp.

Shell long ovate conic: bluish olivaceous, with a whitish

spiral line below the middle of the whorls; colors more dis-

tinct on the ribs; whitish near the upper part of the labrum ;

anteriorly with a pale spiral band, which is sometimes obso-

lete: with, on each whorl, about eleven narrow acute ribs,

which are obsolete anteriorly ; with very minute spiral striz,;

which are less distinct below the middle of the whorls: spire

with the outlines moderately curvilinear: apex acute: whorls

eight, slightly convex, with a distinct suture; last whorl not

ventricose: aperture elliptical; labrum thickened by a stout

varix : labium thickened but not appressed : notch deep.

Mean divergence about 37°; length .58 inck; breadth .25

inch; length of spire .35 inch

Station.—Under stones, a little above low water mark, in

company with several species of Columbella.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected about 1500 specimens on the reef.

52. Nassa proximna.—Nov. sp.

Shell like that of V. versicolor (v. infra), but much more

slender, with the ribs less prominent, and very densely covered

with very minute uninterrupted striz, which give a silky

lustre to the surface.

Mean divergence about 38°; length .44 inch ; breadth .2

inch ; length of spire .28 inch.

NASSA. Panama Shells. 289

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

One specimen was obtained.

53. Nassa scabriuscula ?

Synonymy.

Nassa scabriuscula Powis in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 96. June. 1835.

Our specimens are mostly pale olivaceous or glaucous, with

the granules, upper part of the labrum, and a spiral stripe, of

a dingy white. Mr. Powis describes his shell as fusca luteo

fasciata.

Var. a is deeply tinged with black, and has some pure

white spots at the upper part of the labrum.

Var. 6} is black, more gibbous, and is wholly covered with

granules.

Station—Sandy mud at a depth of 12 fathoms; Cuming!

Powis.

Our specimens were found on sand, usually not far below

high water mark, where water runs during the recess of the

tide; also in similar situations near low water mark.

Habitat.—Bay of Montija; Cuming! Powis.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Panama; C: B. A.!

We collected 380 specimens.

51. Nassa striata.

Nov. sp.

Shell long ovate conic: white about the aperture, other-

wise dingy white more or less tinged with yellowish brown:

with, on each whorl, twelve or thirteen small ribs, and many

coarse spiral strie : spire with the outlines a little curvilinear:

apex acute: whorls eight, convex, with a well impressed su-

290 Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

ture ; last whorl spirally canaliculate on the left side: aper-

ture subelliptical: labrum rather sharp, thickened by a broad

varix, coarsely grooved within: labium well thickened, not

appressed, with two small wrinkles anteriorly : notch deep.

It resembles JV. versicolor (vy. infra) var. striatula: but

besides being more coarsely striated and minutely ribbed, the

whorls are much more convex.

Mean divergence about 48°; length .58 inch; breadth .31

inch; length of spire .33 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were obtained.

55. Massa versicolor.—Nov. sp.

Shell long ovate conic: pale yellowish brown, or nearly

white, with a darker sutural line, or blackish brown: some-

times the ends or the summits of the ribs are whiter than the

interspaces ; sometimes the sutural fascia covers the anterior

part of the last whorl: with, on each whorl, nine or ten narrow

very prominent ribs; with very minute spiral strie, which

are nearly obsolete on the middle of the whorls; spire with

the outlines nearly or quite rectilinear: apex acute: whorls

eight, slightly convex, with a well impressed suture; last

whorl spirally canaliculate anteriorly : aperture subelliptical :

labrum subacute, thickened with a stout varix : labium thick-

ened, not appressed, finely wrinkled: notch deep. Var. stria-

tula is covered with very distinct strie.

Mean divergence about 45°; length .6 inch; breadth .33

inch ; length of spire .35 inch.

NV. ambigua, the Caribbean analogue, is also an extremely

variable species.

Station.—Unknown.

BUCCINUM. Panama Shells. 291

Habitat —Taboga; C. B. A.!

More than 500 specimens were collected, all occupied by

hermit crabs.

56 Nassa Wilsomi.—Noy. sp.

Shell ovate conic, ventricose : blackish brown, with a dingy

white spiral band, at or a little above the suture: with six-

teen to twenty small ribs, some of the last of which are obso-

lete on the convexity of the whorl, and of which one next be-

hind the varix is larger ; with many spiral raised lines, which

are smaller on the summits of the ribs, and which are nearly

obsolete in the region where the ribs are obsolete: spire with

the outlines curvilinear: apex acute: whorls seven, slightly

convex, with a distinct suture: last whor! ventricose, ante-

riorly with a small spiral canal : aperture suborbicular : labrum

subacute, much thickened within and without, with a few

sharp ridges within: labium thickened, not appressed: notch

deep.

Mean divergence about 58°; length .32 inch; breadth .19

inch ; length of spire .18 inch.

This pretty little species is named in honor of Dr. Thomas

B. Wilson, of Philadelphia, the munificent patron and success-

ful cultivator of Natural History.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

57. Buccinum crassuim.

Synonymy.

Phos crassus Hinds Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 38. pl. 10. f. 1, 2. 1844,

A, Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. VIII. No. 43.

pe id. - . - - - July 1851.

292 Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

Station.—Dredged as solitary shells in from 3 to 14 fathoms

among mud; Hinds!

Habitat,—Panama, and Gulf of Fonseca ; Hinds!

Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained only 1 dead specimen.

58. Buccinum distortum,

Synonymy.

Buceinum distortum Bligh Catal. No. 64. (not described.) May 1822.

a) rea ery 00d nid. lest. Supmiuploet: tar. 1828.

—- —- Kiener Iconog. p. 48. pl. 18. f. 64, 65.

Pollia distorta Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 112. 1839,

Columbella triumphalis Ducl.in Chenu, Il. Conch. pl. 5. f. 13-16. 1843.

Buccinum distortum Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. p. 192.

No. 70. > - = - 1844.

————— ——— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 11.f.86. Dec. 1846.

Kiener has figured as the young of this species, f. 65, a

variety in which the revolution of the whorls is more oblique,

and which, when full grown, has the last whorl only mode-

rately shouldered, like the young of the common type. We

obtained only two specimens of this variety. Deshayes has

well described the varying characters of this remarkable

species.

The epidermis is thick, rather coarse and brown, and en-

tirely conceals the color of the shell.

Station—We found this species in the crevices of rocks, be-

tween the low water mark of the neap tides and

that of the spring tides.

Habitat—Unknown; Wood.

New Holland; Kiener.

Chili; Deshayes: also Jay.

St. Hlena; Cuming! Reeve.

BUCCINUM. Panana Shells. 293

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss. ©

Panama, and Taboga; ©. B. A.!

We collected 95 specimens, mostly on the reef.—Kiener’s

statement is undoubtedly erroneous: nor are we informed on

what evidence Chili is said to be a habitat. Valparaiso being

the great centre of commerce on the west coast of South

America, there is much danger of referring to that habitat

species which belong to other parts of the coast.

59. HBuccimuma imsigme.

Synonymy.

Buccinum mutabile Val. (non Linn.) Voy. Venus. Moll.

po: ee ee ea 1846.

—— : insignis Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 8. f. 58. Dec. 1846.

Station.—In clefts of rocks at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

We found the species in the same situation, but

more frequently under stones, and especially

under stones which were lying on sand.

Habitat —St. Elena; Cuming! Reeve.

West Columbia; Jay.

Lower California; Major Rich! Gould Mss.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 140 specimens of this beautiful species on

the reef at Panama. Most of them are both more completely

and more intensely colored: than the figure given by Mr.

Reeve. The colors are wholly concealed by a thick brown

epidermis.

60. Buceinum lugubre.—Nov. sp.

Shell long ovate-fusiform: very dark brown with a cine-

reous tinge: with small ribs, from nine to thirteen on each

whorl, traversed by rather coarse unequal spiral strie, with

the intersections of the larger strie rather acutely nodulous:

apex acute: spire conic: whorls eight, very convex, witha

294 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA.

moderately impressed suture: aperture ovate: labrum rather

sharp, thickened behind: with a short recurved canal.

Mean divergence about 44°; length .67 inch; breadth .31

inch ; length of spire .4 inch. |

After much doubt respecting the generic characters of

this species, we have provisionally referred it to that group

of Buccina, which have a short recurved canal.

Station.—Under stones at low water mark.

Habitat—Panama, and Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 175 specimens.

61. Buccinum pagodus.

Synonymy.

Buccinum pagodus Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 50. Dec. 1846.

Station—lIn the clefts of rocks at low water; Cuming!

Reeve. We found this species in the same sta-

tion and also under stones.

Habitat.—1. of Taboga; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; Jay.

Panama; HE. Jewett! Gould Mss.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

This species is rare. Mr. Cuming obtained only one or

two specimens. We obtained 7 adult, and 11 young speci-

mens. ‘The color of the young is very intense, almost black :

that of some of the adult shells is very dark.

62. Buccinum pristis.

Synonymy.

Buccinum serratum Kiener Iconog. p. 23. pl. 9. f. 28.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 268. f. 5, 6. 1842.

pristis Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 192, No. 69. 1844.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 39. Dec, 1846.

BUCCINUM. Panama Shells. 295

The name originally given to this species by Kiener had

been preoccupied by Brocchi in 1814 for a fossil species.

Station.—Probably below extreme low water mark. Our

specimens were collected at low water mark,

where they were occupied by hermit crabs.

Habitat.—The South Sea, on the shores of California; Edoux !

Kiener.

Seas of California; Deshayes.

St. Elena; [? Cuming!] Reeve.

Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

San Blas; Dr. J. L. Burtt, U.S. N.! Mus. Acad.

Nat. Sc. Philadelphia.

Panama ; C. B. A.!

The California of the French authors is probably Lower

California. On the reef at Panama, we obtained 1 perfect

specimen, which is 23 inches long, and 5 others more or less

imperfect. In two large old shells the labrum is much thick-

ened but not deeply serrated. A magnificent specimen has

been presented to the Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. by Dr. Burtt, who

found it at San Blas: it is 32 in. long.

63. Buccinum rimgens.

Synonymy.

Buccinum ringens Reeve (non Phil.) Conch. Icon. pl. 7.

f. 45. S - - - Dec. 1846.

In the Zeitschr. Malak, 1851, p.59, Dr. Phillippi has in-

advertently repeated this name for another species.

Station—On the rocks at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

We found this species chiefly under stones about

the low water mark of neap tides.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

296 Panama Shells. PURPURIDS&.

Panama ; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected on the reef 275 specimens.

64. Buccinum sanguinolentum.

Synonymy.

Purpura sanguinolenta Ducl. in Guer. Mag. Zool. pl. 22.

RAMS Ue =e eae 3 Tete 18358.

Pollia hemastoma Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 112. 1839.

Buccinum hemastoma Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 46. Dee. 1846.

— Janelit Val. Voy. Venus. Moll. pl. 6. f. 1. 1846.

— sanguinolentum Menke in Zeitsch. Malak. p. 180. Dee. 1847.

Station.—Under stones at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

A few of our specimens were found alive in the same situa-

tion; but as most of them were occupied by hermit crabs, at

low water mark, it is probable that their favorite station may be

somewhat lower.

Hfabiiat—Panama ; Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; Jay.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 16 specimens.

65. Buccinum Stimpsomiamuma. Nov. Sp.

Shell long ovate-conic: rather pale slate color, more or less

white above, with the revolving ridges brownish red or white

where they cross the ribs, white in the upper half of the labrum,

often with a broad white spiral band on the middle of the

whorls: on each whorl with seven or eight stout transverse

ridges, which are less prominent on the back of the last whorl;

with several spiral linear ridges, of which four are visible on

the penult whorl, which are obsolete between the transverse

ridges, and are more numerous ard smaller anteriorly ; covered

DOLIUM. Panama Shells. 997

with five crowded spiral strize : apex acute: spire conic: whorls

eight, scarcely convex : aperture ovate: labrum much thickened,

with a few plaits inside: columellar lip irregularly plaited:

with a short well notched canal.

Mean divergence about 38°; length .72 inch; breadth .32

inch. :

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to William Stimp-

son, Esq., whose researches on the Mollusca of this country

will furnish a most valuable contribution to Malacology.

Station.— Under stones, near low water mark.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 19 specimens, of which a few only were alive.

66. Dolium ringens.

Synonymy.

Cassis ringens Swains. in Bligh Catal. App. p. 4. May 1822.

‘Dolium dentatum Barnes Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York

I, 135. 384. pl.9.f.3. - - - - 1824,

Cassis ringens Sowb. Tank. Catal. p. 21. 1825.

Buccinum Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 1. 1828.

Dolium personatum Menke Synop. p. 62. 1830.

Malea _latilabris _—‘ Valenc. in Humb. Ree. Obs. II. 325. 1833.

crassilabris Valenc. in Humb. Ree. Obs. Il. 327. var. 1834.

Dolium latilabre —_ Kiener Iconog. p. 14. pl. 4. f. 7. 1835.

Dolium plicosum Menke in Zeitsch. Malak. p. 138. 1845.

ringens Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 5. Dec. 1848.

— dentatum Jay Catal. Dec. 1850.

— crassilabre Menke in Zeitschr. Malak. p. 182. Apr. 1851.

One of our specimens is 4.25 inches long, but most of them

are small, One, with an excessively thickened lip and a deep

groove behind the lip, is only 2.3 inches long. Mr. Reeye’s

figure represents a fine specimen 5% inches long. One in the

Mus. Amh. is 6 inches long. Mr. Barnes notices a specimen 9

inches long and 7 inches wide.

JULY, 1852, 29 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hisr.

298 Panama Shells. PURPURIDE.

_ Station.—We found this species under and between stones at

‘extreme low water mark,

' Habitat.—-Coast of Peru; Baie eeanbe Bait SE

Quito I. near ran pap a ee ‘A badea !

° Barnes. 2! : SOG ETIaT eT fae A

Unknown; Wood.

' “Acapuleo Humboldt and Bonpland !: Valenciennes.

‘° “South Sea, Pacific een as i a genie: at

; Acapuleo-? Miener. vier cao is

Payta, Peru ; ; Cuming |! Reeve,

Peru; Jay. ie oH

Acapulco ; Jay, (a var.) , avi tae PDEA CTETEL AL

viv Mazatlan ;,Melehers! Menke.) guj 9)

Panama; C. B. A.!

Hight specimens-ywere, collegted,on the reef.

67. Miomnoceros brevidentatum.

in fans Synonym» «,

Buccinum brevidentatum Wood Tnd. Test, Supp. pl. 4. 5 il 0M a 2

“Purpura cornigera Blain, in Nouv. Ann. Mus. I. 218.

3 at LO hal Ss te Mare dee.

—S Ss§- ————— Kiener Teonog. P. 123. pl. 30.2. 92,

ocellata. Kiener Iconog. p. 124, pl. 37. f 86.

’ junior. nip .

“maculata, ° “Gray in Beech. Voy. p. 125." 1839.

“Monoceros brevidentatum, Sowb.: Conch: Ill, pl. 79. £.°42° 41841.

— i" Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.'p. 441. '1848.

——— ——_———° Desh! in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 123.

fe No, 9... 32" NPS Ne 18a

atk OS oS Sion THe, BL LSE “Sep Tade.

‘Station.—In ‘crevides of rocks at low water > Cuming’! Reeve.

“ We found this species in ‘the crevices aiid on the sides of

rocks: ‘and stones, Oy at ee above half tide’ i

i Oa are eg eae aie Hy bhi ih

Mazatlan; Botta! Blainville. . si bs eiiad

MONOCEROS. Panama: Shells. 299

Shores 6f Peru ;: Kiener..:

[Chih ; Kiener, de=P. ole)

Pacific Ocean? Gray.“ ” Co astaih be han

pePaytas Fontaine! Orbignys fic 9 al- iy

Seas of Peru; Deshayes.

Xipixapi, ae Monte Christi; ‘Cuming! Reeve.

Xipixapi; Jay. Moar’ -

oi: Monterey; Major Rick! Earl MSS.

San Francisco ; Col. Hidewett! eels MSS.

‘yo Panama, C..B/ Ad

On the reef this species occurred plentifully. We collected

about 800 specimens. ° “According to Col. Je ewett, this species

occurs at San Franciseé. We have séen the’ specimens, which

are undoubtedly identicAl with the Patiana ‘shells; if there be

no error in Col. Jewett’s’ statement, this“is the only species

known to us; which is’common to Panama and to San Francisco.

But it is worthy of note’ that none of the Panuiia ‘specimens

appear in Col. Jewett's collection. Major Rich also states a

habitat, Monterey, ‘which is beyond the northern limit of the

Panama zoological province.

Wry v8

‘Monoceros ‘cingulatiin. '

hee

_, Synonymy. Mier tea icies

me TOK 2 Bir vot oW

Teun cae Wicod Ind. Test. ie 24, £ 167. ayo 1818.

Monoceros ——-——— Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 250. No. te Aug. 1822.

++ Lam, Encye. Meth. pl. 396.£-4. ov 1824,

— Sowb. Gen. f. 4. ORL 1824,

Buccinum pseudodon Burrow Elem. ey pl. 26,.f. 2. 1825.

Bane cingulatum Crouch Conch. pl. 18. f. 10. 1826.

Su OU S “Schub. et Wagn. Chemn. Supp: pt 156,

pl. 233, f. 4096. -_ - - E820)

Turbinella ¢ingulata HGF Pony p.'36."ph 20. f. 1.

Monoceros cingulatum Sowb. Conch, Ill. Catal. No. le, i)... 2 1841.

a a eave Concn. Syst. pl. 261, f 4. OTE

‘i el cingulate. Lésson Rev. Zool. “~~ - “Suly, 1842.

oo (ou Kast. Conch. Cab. pP 81 plo7.£ 8." 1°! rea,

3800 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA.

Monoceros cingulatum Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 118. No. 1.

Desh. Hid... \G-4hr vse gis ie ie 1844,

——— ———— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 3. f. 11. Sept. 1846.

Station.—In clefts of rocks at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

We have found it in the same situation.

Habitat—Unknown ; Wood.

Western shores of Mexico; Humboldt and Bon-

pland! Lamarck.

Western shores of Mexico, those of California;

Kiener.

Panama; Sowerby; also Jay.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga, and Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 75 specimens, a majority of which are young, in

part at Panama, but mostly at Taboga.

69. Purpura Carolensis.

Synonymy.

Purpura Carolensis Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 11. f. 57. Sept. 1846.

Station—Under stones at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

We found this species under stones and in the crevices of

rocks near low water mark.

Habitat.—Charles I. Gallapagos; Cuming! Reeve.

Gallapagos ; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 20 specimens, many of which are immature.

70. Purpura foveolata. Nov. sp.

Shell obliquely rhombic: white: with very prominent com-

pressed transverse ridges, about nine on each whorl, and four

spiral keels which are very prominent and much compressed, of

PURPURA. Panama Sheils. 301

which the upper one is seen on the middle of the whorls of the

spire, and of which the anterior one is much less developed ;

with the intersections prominent; with rather fine spiral striee :

apex acute: whorls six, concave on both sides of the keel, with

the suture indistinct: aperture long ovate, produced into a

short canal: labrum rather thin, scalloped by the keels and

finely serrated by the striz.

Mean divergence about 70°; length, .43 inch; breadth,

.28 inch.

Station.— Under stones, near low water mark.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were obtained.

71. Purpura kiosquiformis.

Synonymy.

Purpura kiosquiformis Ducl.in Ann. des Sc. Nat. XXVI.

107. pl. 1.f.5. - - - - - May 1832.

——_ ——_—_——. Kener Iconogr. p. 59. pl. 15. f.

40. ( Optimé.)

—<—$———————————— Jesh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X.

pi6B Nor eG... wel Pec yezs weegeea,

——_ ————- Souleyet (?) Voy. Bonite. Moll. pl.

39. f. 28-25. - - - - - - 1844 ?

——— —————__ Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 31. var. Aug. 1846.

—_— _ ———_- Mrs. Gray Moll. pl. 87 a. f. 6. soft

pants 3) ay Ud eR Se aR:

Station.—On rocky places at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

We found this species abundantly from half tide nearly up to

the high water mark of neap tides, on rocks, and on the lower

parts of the trunks and about the roots of trees, which were

growing from a stony bottom.

Habitat.—-Seas of New Holland; Duclos; also Kiener.

Seas of New Holland, according to Kiener; De-

shayes.

302 Panama Shetts. PURPURIDA

oi <0 2 Bayyof: Panama 3.-\Cuming"! eee LSP CLF Bt

nol (West@olumbia;s Jayco. ss sat s¢ ih. 10

» a 2Paz, im ibannendeealtiaaings vais acc Gould

ss CMSS. : also Muss: Hssex Inst.”

» car Panama; Jewett! Gould MSS. : i

3 wRandmas: GbgB. ate! ios 12 dea a1

Duclos’ and Kiener’s statement is sateen erroneous.

Weicollected 170 specimens. The: variety, figured ty Mr.

Reeve, with two keels almost equally developed, we did. not

find: but several specimens: have a:second>keeb: moderately

developed.

2 OG

72. Purpura ——.° Sp-idet.

This shell resembles, P. tosqu “iforn mis, is. longer, with the

whorls revolving more ‘obliquely, ‘and me other differences.

One specimen was obtained. It:is:not sufficiently perfect for

description.

rR son Y rr oF PILL . ESHA t

ie: Purpura melo.

Ss “piece da

Purpura crassa Blain. in Nitigues Amn. “Mus. iL 241,

_.s No. 83, pl, 42. are rete te 7 2 2-March.1832,

en Sowb. Gen. No. 42, fi. 5. 1824,

— melones Ducl.: Ann. , des. Se. SIN atic ee a a CO cee

‘ pl.glat,.25.> Ot6 7 Rte) Bias, -_-May.1832.

eed Kiener Teonnety p. “125. pl. 39. f. 93. junior.

eee Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 259. f. 5. gunzor. 1842,

——~ melo. . Desh. in Lanic Ans sans Verts Ky 106% 32-10

OF? EE sINo. Vas cvetiey roses esto? auuts Do inhB44,

—- _ melones, one Conch. Teon. Si 4, £195 jo + car Atty 1846.

Statién.Unider stones at low water; ‘Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were found about the: sides and crevices of

rocks, from, the low water, mark of, neap, tides up to, three-quar-

ters tide.. , soit Sen. to

2) ARY. ' a

Habitat— Unknown ; Bainville : also Ducles.

PURPURA. Panama Shells. 303

Shores of Peru; Kiener: algo Deshayes.

Monte Christi; Cuming! ,,Reeve..,

Monte Christi and Perw;:Jayeos ¢ ont x

Panama; K. Jewett! Gould. MSS eat

_, . Panama and Taboga ; (SER UN NS een a ae ee

We-collécted 150 specimens, partly at: Taboga, -but mostly at

Panama. Old specimens become! very thick, and are: rectan-,

gularly shouldered on the:last-whorl.) stl: » yk WN

74. Purpura osculans. Nov. sp.

Shell” obliquely. rhombic :* dingy white; pure| white ‘within :

with, on’each whorl, 9 transverse; rather small, prominent, well-

rounded ridges, which are produced to the anterior extremity :

with crowded spiral closely imbricately scaled narrow ridges,

which traverse the transverse ridges, and of which the alternate

ones are more prominent: apex acute: spire with the outlines

one-half, convex, with a well-

rectilinear: whorls six and

impressed suture: aperture obovate : labrum finely scalloped,

transversely grooved within : with a short, deeply-notched

canal. “Allied: to:Purpura galea and other kindred species.

Mean divergence about 70° ; length, .27 inch ; breadth, .17:

inch; length of spire, 12 inch.

83.8 535

ee ES ERS 3

Station—Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C.B.A.! 2 specimens were obtained. —

le.X Purpura. tecta. RPA hye ae ene ed

To Synonymy. | d ivi h a Nias 8H

Purpura callosa ~* Sowb. (non Tam.) Gen. No. 42. £95 1824.

Buccinum tectum, Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4. f, 13. 1828.

Purpura angulifera Duel. GF. ied Bee Wate aR

| 107. pl. 1.,£ 6-7. - 5 .- > May 1832.

“ Kiener Iconog. p. 60: pl. yl as aan

Cuma sulcata ~——- Swains, Malae. p. 87. f. 4. p. 307. 1840.

304 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA.

Purpura callosa Reeve (non Lam.) Conch. eye pl.

4 i) OA a ie eS a 1842.

Turbinella — Lesson Rey. Zool. July 1842.

tectum Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 8. f. 41. Aug. 1847.

Jay Catal. Dec. 1850.

The specific name given in Sowb. Gen. was preoccupied by

Lamarck for a shell, which, according to Kiener and to Reeve,

is only a variety of P. bufo ; but Deshayes regards it as a good

species. We have therefore used the name given by Wood,

after Reeve and Jay.

Station.—In 10 fathoms sandy mud; Cuming! Reeve.

We found our specimens in the crevices of rocks, between

the low water marks of the neap tides and of the spring tides.

Habitat.— Unknown; Wood: also Duclos.

Shores of Chili; Kiener.

Real Llejos; Lesson.

Bay of Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; Jay.

Panama; ©. B, A.!

We collected 60 specimens on the reef. All of them are of

the var. b Reeve.

76. Purpura undata.

Synonymy.

Purpura undata Lam. (non Orb.) An. sans Vert. VII.

238. No. 10. (Syn. Excl.) - - Aug. 1822.

— Blainv.in Nouv. Ann. Mus. I. 217. es 9.

se it oa ee - - Mar. 1832.

—————- ——-~ Valence. in Humb. Rec. Obs. Ir. 315. 1833.

——_——- —— Kiener Iconog. p. 116. pl. 34. f. 81. (Var.

s Excl.)

————— -——. Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 67. No. 10. Desh.

Ed. - - - af tas 1844,

Souleyet (?) Voy. Bonite Moll. ph 39.

f.17-19. - - = -.- -.-.- 1844 ?

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. 805

Purpura undata Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 9. f. 43. Sept. 1847.

heemastoma Menke (non Lam.) Zeitschr. Malak,

DEtHot en a Nov. 1847.

— undata Mrs. Gray, Moll. pl. 87. a. f. 1. 1850.

Station.—Under stones at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

We found this species under stones near the low water

mark of the neap tides.

Habitat—Unknown; Lamarck.

Acapulco; Humboldt and Bonpland! Valen-

ciennes.

South Sea and Shores of St. Helena; Kiener.

Monte Christi; Cuming! Reeve.

Monte Christi; Jay.

Panama; OC. B. A.!

We collected 180 specimens on the reef at Panama.—This

species and P. hemastoma are sometimes confounded. The

latter inhabits only the Mediterranean and the eastern shores

of the Atlantic, in warm latitudes. It is, therefore, extremely

probable that Dr. Menke’s P. hemastoma from Mazatlan is the

true P. undata. As Kiener confounds three distinct species,

there can be no advantage in learning whether his “Sainte

Héline” is St. Helena in the Atlantic, or St. Elena in West

Columbia.

COLUMBELLA. Numerous species of this genus, and

an incredible multitude of individuals were found at Panama.

Many of the species are among the most beautifulin the genus.

Perhaps no other fauna equals the marine Pacific fauna of tro-

pical America for its development of this genus in these three

characters—number of typical forms, number of individuals,

and their size and elegance. The number of species which

have been collected at Panama much exceeds the number in

the entire genus which were known to Lamarck. While very

few of the species which we collected have been described in

306 Pandina Shells: PURPURID®.

M. Kiener’s monograph of the genus, most of them are ‘easily

determined with Mr. Sowerby’s accurate figures. To these

the descriptions of many of the species; by Deshayes Gn Lam.

An. sans Vert. & have lige found a atone addition.

- Columbelia atramentaria.

Synonymy.

Columbelta , ratramentaria Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soe. Toad.

icy p: Bie are? a me March 1844.

—-—— ———__——_ Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 134:-No.

Pp AG é (cy Capertee ow pl AQ Wik, SiG B36 1844.

This species closely resembles C. 11 gricans, “differing chiefly

in the shorter spire and more obese outline. Its coloring i is also

different from the common style of that species, Gee of

pale’ rectangular spots on’a eke hoe ene

Se found this. shell, under stones near low water

mark, .

Hoidar CHatiere lst Galapagos. Sowerby,

, Panama.—C. B, A.!,,

We ‘obtained only three specimens.

“rs ~Golumbella bicamalifera. ©

Synonymy.

oe ‘Vieanalifera Sowb. in Proc. “Zool. Soe! “Lond. siientcbui

a peti eee te -- i ce Tane $8325

ne 2. Mill. Synop. Noy. Test. Viv. p. 81.50. 9: 1836.

—<—<5 Sowb. Thes. Conch, p.137, No. 77. ;

| Tee ke

Station. ae Poni mud, ait 10 Hoa k os Reawiai oe

Sowerby.’ ORS

Habitat. —Gallapagos ; Cuming! EBbeiby ! also Miller." 3

Taboga ; BE. Jewett! Gould MSS. © aed

“Patianis 0. Bp aot te meee

fy<

COLUMBELEA. Panéma Shells. 307

We were-inidebted'to the hermit ¢rabs for 36 specimens, which

were taken, ih’a more or less perfect state of eine “ipbe'

two miles east = Panama.’ oy Gs 4 3

79. Coinmbella Boivinii.

Columbella Boivinit Kiener Iconog. p. 47. pl. 11. f. 1.

Duel. in Chenu, Il. Conch. me 21.

dee aa ee tess ot wel ede

- Sowb., Thes. Conch, p: 126. No, 43. -

Cee ts ee ee,

Desh. in Lam. an sans Vert. 10.

b B8YeMoe28.s:f iss eas es 1844.

Station.—We found these mollusks between half and three

quarters tide, in the margin of water left by the ebbing tide in

cavities of the rocks.

Habitat. —Unknown; Kiener.

Gulf of, Nicoya;: Hinds! Sowerby.

Gulf. of, Nicoya; Deshayes :: also. Jay.— —

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

Our specimens were obtaitied ‘chiefly on the rocks im front of

the fortifications in the sea wall, of Panama. Immature indivi-

duals were quite numerous, but only 50 adult specimens were

taken alive.

pean ELKO LEAS j rea

s0. Columbella conspicua, Nov. sp.,

Shell ovate‘cdnic: with a broad white! spiral band ‘on ‘the

convexity of the whorls, on’each side of which is a broad ‘band

of brownish’ orarige ;' ‘dnteriorly white with itregtilar brown

spots ;“ with deep brown spots near the summits’ of the alternate

ridgés+ with, on eachwhorl, nine very prominent obtuse trans-

verse ridgés, which até obsolete ‘at’ the upper part-of the whorls;

with coarse ‘spiral strie,\‘which “traverse the ridges except ‘at

the summit of the middle and most ‘protninett: part t“apex Stibat

308 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA.

cute; spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear; whorls eight,

convex, with a moderately impressed suture; last whorl sub-

angular; aperture a little wider above; labrum moderately

thickened, with a few wrinkles on the inside: notch wide and

deep.

Mean divergence about 35°: length .21 inch; breadth, .1 inch;

length of spire, .12 inch.

WStation.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

Only one specimen of this elegant shell was found.

81. Columbella costellata.

Synonymy.

Columbella costellata Brod. and Sowb. in Zool. Journ.

ING Bi. SS a fs =, = 1829.

————— Sow. in Proc. Zool. a Lond.

De ENS p = = - June 18382.

—_——__——- —— _ Mill. Synops. Nov. Test. Viv. p- 88. May 1836.

—_—_——- —— Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. Pe 36.

£59 0 f= 3 one - - ~ 1839.

— )Ducl. in Chenu IIl. ee ph 25. ;

ge ey ei ey ae 1843.

—_———_— ——— _ Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 131. No. 79.

plesoe. ay) veneers? 2 eae

We have had some difficulty in determining whether our

shells belong to this species or to C. scalarina. Taking the

descriptions and figures by Mr. Sowerby, the ribs in C. costellata

are said to fall far short of the anterior extremity, but to be pro-

longed in @ scalarina, although the figures of these species ex-

hibit no difference in this respect: most of our specimens have

them prolonged, but the character is not constant. In other

respects the figures of the two species are very different, and

that of C. costellata well represents our shells. Many of the

specimens are larger than this figure.

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. 809

In Chenu, the figures of both species have the ribs prolonged.

Tn these figures the ribs are more distant in ©. costellata than in

(. scalarina. The figure of the former very exactly represents

our shells.

Station—A single specimen was found at the depth of 16

fathoms; Cuming! Sowerby. Our specimens were found under

stones near low water mark.

Habitat Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Panama and coast of Africa; Gray.

Panama. CAB; A. !

We collected 25 specimens on the reef. Mr. Gray must be

in error when he includes the coast of Africa in the habitat.

82. Columbella diminuta. Nov. sp.

Shell subfusiform : pale yellowish brown, black or brownish

black anteriorly : ribbed, with the interstices covered with spiral

strie, which are coarser anteriorly where the ribs are obsolete ;

apex acute: spire conic: whorls seven, scarcely convex: with

the suture lightly impressed: aperture rather narrow : labrum

variciform, broadly thickened, sinuate posteriorly, crenulated

within: columellar lip with the granules obsolete.

Mean divergence about 45°; length, .155 inch; breadth, .07

inch; length of spire .08 inch.

This species resembles a dwarfed C. nigrescens.

Station.— Under stones near low water mark we found this

shell.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.! 19 specimens were obtained.

83. Columbella dorsata.

Synonymy.

Columbella dorsata Sowb.in Proc. Zool.Soc. Lond. p.120. June 1832.

—- Miiller Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 91. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 257, f. 7. 1842.

310 PanamaShells. _PURPURIDEZ.

Columbella-dorsata . Ducl. in, Chenw IIL Conch. Rt ont;

elt ee eee OUR (2

—_——_—_ ay Thes. Conch. p. 136, No. a

Cc Poe eee gee

ccs sdaatiet iia Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X.

991,No.45..- - 2 7 5 - = =, 1844.

‘Station. —Unknown, ;

Habitat.—I. of Meee aa of erent Gaining Soveriy:

_ also Miiller, ’

Shores of Columbia ; “Deshayes.

I. of Muerte ; Jay.

be Panama: CoB Aa fen

We obtained only if dead shell of rather small size. { ve.

s4. Colmmbella, ductuata.

Synonymy.

Columbella fluctuata Sowb. in ‘Proc. Zool. "Soe, ct Oe Nie

hls : Dose eee nee oe ape oeae oe:

DEGh Sis = sdtdralis © Griff Cuv. An. King: Mott, sit aioe te

oo Wise fp6 dere der Sore oo OH pae -x9c 1884,

, fluctuate =Mall Synop. Nége Test. ‘Viv. p..84, > -)/ 1836.

- suturalis Kiener Iconog. p. 45. pl. 9. £2. veal

a fluctuosa Ducl. in Chenu, pl. 13. f.,11, 12. _. 1843,

a fluctuata’ Sowb. Thes. Coach: p- 138. No. SP aban?

e Mion GE pl. 89, ££ 15080-8 S54 ol 1844,

—_——- —— Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert: XxX.

Vi QBS Nan 38 is a eet ceeticest maieoaes ealaae

- Station,—Under. stones; Cuming! +. Sowerby: ,also, Miiller.

Our specimens were found under stones a little above the low

water, mark.of neap tides. (ah & aiceastiqw toca

Habitat.—Gulf of f Nicoya ; Cuming | Sowerby: also Miiller.

Shores of Peru; Kiener.

Gulf of Nicoya; Deshayes: also Jay.

Panama ; CB kena

We collected 0 on reef about 400 specimens of this a elegant

species. (eure sdemod jst en

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. Sill

8% Columbella fulya.

ig eek

Columbella fulva Sowb. in eae Zool. Soc. fonda p. 115. June 1832.

————_-——, Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 83. 1836.

—— “Sowb. thes, Coneh: ps lec. bake 80. pl.

See (ab ous toe tesele 1844,

—_——— _ —— Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. x, 281, No. 29. 1844.

Station.— Under stapes : Cuming I PRON o= GN GE stones;

Deshayes.

Our specimens. were ‘dotnd, in hee same ences not far

from low water mark.

Habitat—Panatha Ouminé!' Sowerby : also Miiller.

Panama; Deshayes: also Jay.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama<°C."B: Av!

“We obtained only 8 specimens.

86. Columbella fuscata.

f Synonymy.

Columbella fuscata “Sowb. in’ Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond:~

pi AU preee see - - June 1832.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p- 88. _ 1836.

meleagris Kiener Iconog. p.'10. pl. 3. f. 3.

— Duel. in Chenu Ill. Conch. ‘ph. 4.

rus otro, ofr £15516. and plrd6. fol38,cl4.-ayascon 1840.

—_—- — Orb. Voy. Amer, Merid. Moll. p, 430. 1843.

————— fuscata Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 114. No. i.

Pears pl, 36.f..21, 25.2. - = -. - 1844,

a ELL. ~ Desh: in fava: ‘An. ‘sans’ Veit x.

276. NB es 2M TAN Se 1844,

Station.— Under eaten Cennage Sowerby.

Our specimens were found under stones a little above low

water mark. iy iy

CUT NTS FROTE Ai70)

ole Panama Shells. PURPURIDS.

Habitat—Common at Panama, St. Elena, and Monte Christi ;

Cuming! Sowerby; also Miiller.

Shores of San Blas; Kiener.

Acapulco ; Lesson.

Panama, St. Elena, and Monte Christi; Deshayes.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

At the season of our excursion to Panama, specimens were

scarce. We obtained only 4 living and 2 dead shells. One of

these, although mature, is only .83 inch long.

87. Columbella gibberula.

Synonymy.

Columbella gibberula Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 415s = = '- = = ee ume sie:

—_—_——_ ——— _ Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 83. 1836.

———_——-— ——— Duel. in Chenu Il. Conch. pl. 12.

Fat i Oe ha vo acter 1843,

—__—_——_ ——_—— Kener Iconog. p. 44. pl. 15. f. 3.

———— Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 136. No.

136. pl. SOMA O=3 en 1844,

SS Deshi ins LameeAn sang Vier x:

DOORINO MAC © tei) So 1844,

Station—In sandy mud, at 11 fathoms depth ; Cuming!

Sowerby.

Habitat—Bay of Caraccas, and Puerto Portrero; Cuming!

Sowerby; also Miller.

Shores of Chili; Kiener.

Shores of Southern and Central America ; Deshayes.

Central America; Jay.

Taboga; HE. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We found 7 specimens occupied by hermit crabs in a perfo-

rated log. The northern boundary of Chili is the most extreme

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. 813

southern limit, so far as authentic testimony goes, reached by

any of the species which inhabit the Bay of Panama, and we

have, therefore, some doubt of the accuracy of Kiener’s state-

ment.

88. Columbella gracilis. Nov. sp.

Shell long ovate conic; upper whorls pale brown; with irre-

gular spots of darker reddish brown, mostly near the suture

and nearly covering the last whorl, on the periphery of which

is a whitish band articulated with arrow-headed brown spots:

with very numerous small ribs, of which the posterior ends only

remain on the back of the last whorl; anteriorly with revolv-

ing strize: apex acute: spire conic: whorls eight, scarcely con-

vex, with the suture distinctly impressed: aperture narrow:

labrum variciform, rather sharp-edged, thickened behind, a lit-

tle sinuate posteriorly, with a few granules inside: columellar

lip nearly smooth.

Mean divergence about 87°: length .8 inch; breadth .125

inch: length of spire .2 inch.

Var. with the color nearly uniform dingy brown.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 7 specimens.

89. Columbella guttata.

Synonymy.

Columbella guttata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 118. June 18382.

a Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 88. May 1836.

cribraria Sowb. (non Lam.) Thes. Conch. p. 129.

ING. Ble pl. Soest, LUZ 2° me fas a) = 1844.

Mr. Sowerby, having relinquished the species, has re-used

the name for quite a different species, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 50. Mar. 1844, and in Thes. Conch. p. 181. pl. 39. f 124.*

* In his Index this species is called C. punctata.

JULY, 1852, 30 Ann. Lye, Nat. Hist.

314 Panama Shells. PURPURID&.

We have excluded from the synonymy the @. cribraria (Buc-

cinum) of Lamarck and of some other authors, because at least

two species appear to have been confounded. One inhabits the

Panama zoological province, and the other, the Caribbean seas.

The Caribbean type is that which generally bears the Lamarck-

ian name in the collections of the United States. In Jamaica,

we have taken several varieties of it, all of which are distin-

guishable, by slight differences, from the Panama type. Kie-

ner’s figures (Buccinum, pl. 16. f. 57) resemble the Caribbean

rather than the Pacific type. This author, however, says of the

species :—‘‘ Habite les mers des Indes, Vile de |’Ascension et les

cdtes de Gorée, ot elle est trés abondante.” And Lamarck

gives as the habitat of his shell, ‘les mers du Java, M. Lesche-

nault.” The Caribbean shell, however, has been described by

Professor Dunker (Zeitschr. Malak. 1847. p. 64; and in Phil.

Abbild. IIT. pl. 2. f. 7. 1849) under the name of Buccinum par-

vulum. Whether there be also an Indian species, which

furnished the Lamarckian type, remains to be ascertained.

In the “Voyage of the Astrolabe,” II. 421. pl. 30. f 21, 22,

we recognise the Caribbean type (badly colored). It was

obtained at Ascension Island.

Station.—Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby.

Our specimens were found under stones, not far above low

water mark.

Habitat.—Very common at Panama; Cuming! Sowerby : also

Miiller.

Panama; Jay.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

Mazatlan; EK. Jewitt! Gould MSS.

Most of our specimens were found at Taboga. We collected

about 75 individuals of the type which is figured in the Thes.

Conch., and as many of a type, which is much more finely and

densely dotted with the white or even reticulated only with the

brown color. Most of the former are rather larger than the

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. 815

figure referred to; but the latter differ much in size. Some of

these are as small as the Caribbean type. Individuals were by

no means common at the time of our visit to Panama.

90. Columbella hzemastoma.

Synonymy.

Columbella hemastoma Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond.

pe Lt6, ays- - - - June 1832.

$e eapaotch woystepl eb. tas 1842.

Duel. in Chenu, Ill. Conch. pl.

Bee idee te eee er ae 1843.

ae S| Kiener leonog. py: pl 100%. 2.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 111.

Nowsupl sat Sma’ 1844.

de ds Reeve Blams, Conchin pl. it

f.34.1a..°) = - - - 1848 ?

Station. —Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat,—Panama, and the Gallapago Is.; Cuming! Sowerby.

Shores of California; Kiener.

Panama, Gallapago Is. ; California ; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A!

We found but one dead specimen, in which the colors of the

last whorl consist of two white and two brown alternating

bands.

91. Columbellia harpiformis.

Synonymy.

Columbella harpiformis Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond.

pill3:, ».> - - - June, 1832.

_ “Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 80. 1836.

—_—_—_- — Reeve. Conch. Syst. pl. 257. f 3. 1842,

Griff. An. King. Moll. pl. 37. f. 2. 1834.

_ Ss eitharula Duel. in Chenu, Ill. Conch. pl. 10.

Oe Yop Loc ei ate Seae 1843.

316 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA.

Columbella citharula Kiener Iconog. p. 54, pl. 16. f. 2.

harpiformis Sowb. Thes. Conch, 112. No. 6.

FONE to. As a be 1844,

Station.—On dead shells at a depth of 10 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby. Our specimens were found under stones at low

water mark.

Habitat—Bay of Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Unknown; Kiener.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A!

We obtained on the reef 9 specimens of this rare shell.

92. Columbella labiosa.

Synonymy.

Columbeila labiosa Sowb. Gen. pt. 9. f. 2. 1824.

- Crouch Conch. pl. 19. f. 7. 1826.

— —— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 258. f. 2. 1842.

— Souleyet (?) Voy. Bonite. Moll. pl. 45.

f, 8-12. - = = = = 1844 ?

—- Kiener Iconog. p. 6. pl. 3. f. 1.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 112. No. 5. pl. 36.

Lier aa Can leah, oe 4) ae MAD

Station.—We found this species under stones near low water

mark.

Habitat—Unknown; Kiener.

Found abundantly at St. Hlena; Cuming! Sowerby.

St. Elena; Jay.

Taboga; ©. B. A.!

We obtained 4 mature and 6 young specimens.

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. 317

93. Columbella lyrata.

Synonymy.

Columbella lyrata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 114. June 1832,

—_—_——— - Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 82. 1836.

—- Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 257. f. 1. 1842.

— Duel. in Chenu, Ill. Conch. pl. 10. f. 13, 14.

— Kiener Iconog. p. 59. pl. 10. f. 1.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 138. No. 80. pl. 39.

f.149. - = ; 2 - 1844.

Station.— Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby. Our specimens

were found under stones at low water mark.

Habitat—Bay of Panama and Chiriqui ; Cuming! Sowerby:

also Miiller.

‘tes rochers des cotes de Panama;” Kiener.

Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained on the reef 19 specimens of this beautiful

shell.

94. Columbella major.

Synonymy.

Columbella major Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond.

pe LID fe gosh secon! pei AI ABB 2,

gibbosa Valence. in Humb. Ree. Obs. II.

331? = . 5 = 1833.

major Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.

Pe; BOY Sinn - - May 1886.

—_—._ gibbosa Duel. in Chenu, Ill. Conch. pl. 5.

£5, 62 et a 1843.

strombiformis Var. Kiener Iconog. p. 4. pl. 1.

f. 1. a.

major Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 110. No. 2.

pl sent ey aha t 23). 1844,

—— Desh. in Lam, An. sans Vert. X.

274.No.19. - - - 1844,

— Desh. Traité Elem. pl. 120. f. 11, 12.

318 Panama Shells. PURPURID&.

Station.—Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby. Our specimens

were found under stones near low water mark.

Habitat—I. of Muerte; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Seas of South America; Deshayes.

Central America; Jay.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.: also Mus.

Kssex Inst.

Panama; KE. Jewett ! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained 30 specimens, most of which were taken

alive. They are more intensely colored than Mr. Sowerby’s

figure, and several have the spire more elevated.

95. Columbella modesta.

Synonymy.

Buccinum modestum Powis in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 94. June 1835.

— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 19. Dec. 1846,

Columbella modesta Gould MSS.

Station—-Muddy gravel at a depth ranging from 7 to 17

fathoms ; Cuming! Powis; also Reeve.

Our specimens were brought up by hermit crabs, which

frequented rocks, and were especially numerous about a pile of

railroad iron lying in the soft ooze not far above low water

mark.

Habitat.—Bay of Montija; Cuming! Powis: also Reeve.

West Columbia; Jay.

Santa Barbara; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama: (C).Bi et

We collected 80 specimens, mostly in good condition.

96. Columbella meesta. Nov. sp.

Shell slender, subfusiform: black, or brownish black, with

the color less intense on the back of the last whorl: upper

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. 319

whorls smooth or with one or two revolving strie; middle

whorls with twelve to fifteen ribs, with the interstices spirally

striate; with the ribs and strize obsolete on the back of the last

whorl; more strongly striated anteriorly: apex acute: spire

very slender: whorls eight, scarcely convex, with the suture

lightly impressed: aperture long and narrow: labrum varici-

form, very thick, sinuate posteriorly, crenulated within: colu-

mellar lip nearly smooth.

Mean divergence about 35°; length .3 inch; breadth .11

inch ; length of spire .17 inch.

Station—We found this species about sticks and stones in a

grove of trees, a little above half tide level.

Habitat— Panama; C. B. A.!

58 specimens were obtained about two miles west of the city.

97. Columbella nigricans.

Synonymy.

Columbella nigricans Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 52. Mar, 1844.

—__. Duel. in Chenu, Ill. Conch. pl. 21. f. 7, 8.

——_——- ————_ Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 143, No. 95. pl. 40.

Station.—Our specimens were found under stones, between

half tide and low water mark.

Habitat—Gallapago Is. ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Gallapago Is.; Jay.

Taboga; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained on the reef about 120 specimens of large size,

most of which are colored as described by Mr. Sowerby.

About 500 specimens of small size were collected, among which

there is a great diversity of coloring. Many have a white spiral

band. All shades of brown occur. Some of the small indi-

viduals are likely to be confounded with C. parva Sowb.; but

320 Panama Shells. PURPURIDS.

in C. nigricans a revolving impressed line cuts the posterior

ends of the ribs.

98. Columbella parva.

Synonymy.

Columbella parva Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 52. Mar, 1844.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 142. No. 83. pl. 40.

1 Os) we ee Seg eee 1844.

Station—Under stones ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat.—Monte Christi; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We found only one specimen.

99. Columbella pulchrior. Nov. sp.

Shell rather long ovate: with a whitish revolving band next

below the suture articulated with large spots of a dark slate

color; with a translucent ground of pale yellowish brown, on

which are placed in quincunx order rather numerous, exces-

sively minute sharply defined dots of reddish brown; with one

or two large irregular spots of dark brown near the end of the

last whorl: surface smooth and shining: apex acute: spire

conic: whorls six or seven, scarcely convex, with the suture

lightly impressed: aperture narrow: labrum rather sharp,

thickened behind, with a few granules inside: columellar lip

nearly smooth.

Mean divergence about 45°; length .15 inch; breadth .07

inches; length of spire .075 inches.

Station.— Under stones near low water mark.

Habitat.—Panama ; C. B. A.!

We found of this rare and elegant little shell only 5 speci-

mens.

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. 3821

100. Columbella pygimzea.

Synonymy.

Columbella pygmea Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 119. June 1832,

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 90. May 1836.

Sowb Thes. Conch. p. 141. No. 89. pl.

405 VES. =r He 1844,

Station—On dead shells in sandy mud, at a depth of 10

fathoms ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Our specimens were found under stones at low water mark.

Habitat.—St. Hlena ; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

St. Elena ; Jay.

Panama; ©; B. Aw!

We collected on the reef 185 specimens of this pretty species.

101. Columbella rugosa.

Synonymy.

Columbella rugosa Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 115. June 18382.

—_——- Mill. Synops. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 84. 1836.

Sowerbyi Ducl. in Chenu, Il]. Conch. pl. 19. f. 5. 6.2 1848.

———— bicolor Kiener Iconog. p. 46. pl. 16. f. 4. ?

———— rugosa Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 130. No. 53. pl. 38.

fi. L4G) ets ae gw eto =n BAS,

There are three principal varieties, which freely graduate

into each other. The first has a few distant tubercles on the

lower whorls: the second has ribs on the first part of the last

whorls, but they are rather short and wide: in the third these

ribs of the last whorl are narrow and long. Specimens of a

diminutive size are very common. About two thirds of those

which we collected are from .60 inch to .75 inch long; about

one fourth of them range from .35 inch to .50 inch in

length. The epidermis is brown, and very thin but tough.

Station.— Under stones ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Our specimens were found under stones between half tide

and the low water mark of neap tides.

3822 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA.

Habitat—Panama and Xipixapi; Cuming! Sowerby; also

Miiller.

Panama and Xipixapi; Jay.

Real Llejos; Mérch.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A. !

We collected about 1500 specimens on the reef, where it is

the most abundant species in the genus.

102. Columbella strombiformis.

Synonymy.

Columbella strombiformis Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 293.

Novis == =! = =" = > Aug re22;

—__— —____— sowb, Gen. ple —- id 1842.

—$—$—$—$+— ————— Desh. in Encyc. Meth. Vers. IL

p. 251. (pag. ser. 1.) No.1. - 18830,

Blainv. Malace. pl. 29. f. 23. May, 1825.

Buccinum — strombiforme Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4.

ea a eM SE I) ey el foe)

Columbella strombiformis Valenc. in Humb. Rec. Obs. IL.

d00, 5S = S e e ees

= — | —— Reeve’ Conch: Syst. pl 2a7:

£ Latent) cee ee eee

—_—_—- — — Duel. in Chenu, Ill. Conch.

Pl. 5.) he da Gs

———_—— —__—_-__— . Kiener lconog. p..o.p). 1. £1.

—_—_—- — ——_ Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.429. 1843.

| SOW. Lies... Copenh p. 110;

Now ply SG 2. 2 = 1844,

——_-——- ———— Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 266.

Nod. Desh. Ed. = =: (<y)<t9) 1 844e

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Coasts of Acapulco; Humboldt and Bonpland!

Lamarck.

Acapulco; Humboldt and Bonpland! Valen-

ciennes.

Coasts of Péru; Deshayes: also Kiener.

I. of Muerte; Cuming! Sowerby.

COLUMBELLA. Panama Shells. 823

Acapulco; Lesson.

Payta; Fontaine! D’Orbigny.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Acapulco; Jay.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained only 1 specimen.

103. Columbella tesselata. Nov. sp.

Shell rather long ovate: dark sea-green, tinged with black

or brown, fading to a brownish red; more or less tesselated

with nearly quadrangular white spots: with about fifteen stout

approximate ribs, which lean forward, and which are obsolete

on the back of the last whorl; with all the surface ridged by

strongly impressed revolving strive: apex acute: spire conic:

whorls eight, scarcely convex, with a distinct suture: aperture

rather long: labrum variciform, thick behind, a little sinuate

posteriorly, with three or four granules inside: columellar lip

slightly granulous.

Mean divergence about 48°; length, .225 inch; breadth,

.105 inch; length of spire, .13 inch.

This species resembles the small variety of C. nigricans. It

also resembles C. lentiginosa Hinds (Zool. Sulph. Moll. pl. 10.

f, 21, 22), in coloring and sculpture; but the latter is repre-

sented as being much wider and as having a short spire.

Station.—This species was found under stones, near low

water mark.

Habitat—Panama ; C. B. A.!

We collected 27 specimens.

104. Columbella turrita.

Synonymy.

Columbella turrita Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 115. June, 1882.

324 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA.

Columbella turrita Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 83. 1836.

—— Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 135. No. 73.

SOT Sy, aha ie mie Cec oa (ee

——_—— — Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. 10. 290.

Las al &: eda tel oe eit ei oy

Station.—In coarse gravel and sandy mud, at a depth of 10

fathoms ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat.

Bay of Montija and St. Elena, Cuming! Sowerby.

Central America; Deshayes.

St. Hlena; Jay.

Panama: C@, B.A!

We were indebted to a hermit crab for one specimen.

105. Columbella varia.

Synonymy.

Columbella varia Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 116. June 18382.

— Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 86. 1836.

——— — Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 130. No. 54,

ph S030 116 -7e Rie Zee er anita:

——— —— Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 282.

No. 81.- - - - - - - - - - - 1844,

Station—Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Under stones; Deshayes.

We found this species in the same situation near low water

mark.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Panama; Deshayes: also Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected about 880 specimens on the reef.

This species, when deprived of the epidermis, presents in

a full suite of specimens a great variety of shades of brown,

from orange to blackish brown, for the most part beautifully

variegated with spots, and a spiral band of pure white.

RICINULA. Panama Shells. 825

106. Columbella ?

« Sp. indet.

We obtained, under stones, at low water mark, on the reef

at Panama, two specimens of a species, which appears like a

small Conus, but it has stout ribs transverse to the direction.

It may be a young Columbella, but it is not the young of any

shell known to us.

107. Ricinula carbonaria ?

Synonymy.

Ricinula carbonaria Reeve Conch, Icon. pl. 4. f. 22. ? Oct. 1846.

Station.—Under stones at low water mark.

Habitat—Unknown; Reeve.

Philippines; Jay.

Panama; G. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

If Dr. Jay’s shell is the same as ours, there must be an error

in his statement of habitat. We collected 70 specimens, mostly

at Taboga and partly at Panama.

108. Ricimula jugosa. Nov. sp.

Shell with a rhomboidal outline: mostly dark brown ; tuber-

cles mostly white; with a white fascia next below the peri-

phery of the last whorl; with some of the tubercles partly

rufous: with eight or nine very prominent transverse ridges,

which are crossed by ten or eleven spiral ridges, of which three

or four appear on the spire; with the intersections sharply tuber-

culous; with fine spiral strie: apex acute: spire conic:

whorls eight or nine, convex, with a moderately impressed

suture: aperture rather long: labrum rather sharp, strength-

ened by the last ridge, which is very long, scalloped by the

spiral ridges, with corresponding plaits within: inner lip exca-

vated above, with a few wrinkles above and granules below ;

canal moderately long. This species is much like a Murea.

326 Panama Shells. PURPURIDA,

Mean divergence 55°: length, .94 inch; breadth, .47 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

Only one specimen was obtained.

109. Ricinula Reeviana.

Synonymy.

Buccinum pulchrum Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 11. f. 80. . Dec. 1846.

Mr. Reeve’s specific name of this shell is preoccupied in

Ricinula.

Station.— Under stones, near low water mark.

Habitat—Gallapago Is.; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

110 specimens were collected.

110. Cassis abbreviata.

Synonymy.

Bonanni Reer. III. f. 157. 1684,

List. Conch. t. 1000. f. 65. (Dillw. Ed.) 1688.

Cassis abbreviata Blainv. Fauna Franc. Moll. p. 194.

———— Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 224. No. 12. Aug. 1822.

—— ——— Keener Iconog. p. 33. pl. 15. f. 31.

lactea Kiener Iconog. p. 35. pl. 16. f. 35.

abbreviata Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 30. No. 12.

Deshis Eds os c=) ety hry veagsyi il eresin 1844,

—— ———— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 8. f. 18. Sept. 1848.

This species, like its analogue, C. znjlata, has remarkable

varieties of color and of sculpture.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—E Lusitanico litore; Bonanni.

Shores of Portugal, according to Bonanni; La-

marck.

CASSIS. Panama Shells.

Unknown; Kiener.

Acapulco; Reeve.

Panama; C: B. ak. |

O27

7 specimens were found. Bonanni is undoubtedly in error.

1ll. Cassis coarctata.

Synonymy.

Cassis _coarctata Sowb. Tank. Catal. No. 1826. p. 21. 1825.

Buccinum coarctatum Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 5. 1828.

Cassis coarctata _—- Valence. in Humb. Ree. Obs. I. 313. 1833.

Kiener Iconog. p. 19. pl. 8. f. 15.

—— — Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 40. No.

21. Desh. Bd. sz 4, saube 7p = 1844.

=< — Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 14. 1848.

Station.—In crevices of rocks; Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat“ We believe it to be a New Zealand shell;”

Sowerby.

Unknown; Wood.

Acapulco; Humboldt & Bonpland! Valenciennes.

The shores of Peru, at Acapulco; Kiener.

The shores of Peru, at Acapulco; Deshayes.

Gallapago Is.; Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Peru, Acapulco; Jay.

Lower California; Major Rich! Gould MSS.

San Juan, in Lower California; Lt. Green! Gould

MSS. also Museum of Essex Inst.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained one dead, but nearly perfect specimen.

In copying Kiener’s statement, Deshayes has partly, and

Dr. Jay has wholly, dropped its absurdity. It does not, how-

ever, appear obvious, whether Kiener intended to name two

habitats, or to say that Acapulco is in Peru! Compare, how-

ever, his description of the habitat of Doliwm ringens above.

828 Panama Shells. STROMBIDA.

112. Omiscia tuberculosa.

Synonymy.

Oniscia tuberculosa Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 253. f. 2-4. 1842.

Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 13. No. 2. 1844.

——— —————. Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 5. Aug. 1849.

Station.—In clefts of rocks at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat.—South Seas ; Deshayes.

Gallapago Is.; Cuming! Reeve.

Australia; Jay.

San Juan, in Lower California; Lt. Green! Gould

MSS. ; also Mus. Essex Inst.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We think Dr. Jay must have been misinformed.

We found 2 specimens, one mature and one young; both

were dead, but nearly. perfect.

Family—STROMBID &.

113. Conus brunmneus.

Synonymy.

Conus brunneus Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 3. f 1. 1828.

_ ———— Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 18. Mar. 1834.

———. —_——— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 123. May 1836.

SS Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 57. f. 88. 1841.

oe Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 14. f. 72. June 1843.

ee bam, An sans Vert 227, Neo ts2: 1845.

i Kener Leonop, p. 24sipk tant, 1:

Station.—In clefts of rocks; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found in a similar situation, near low

water mark.

Habitat—Unknown ; Wood.

Gallapago Is., Puerto Portrero, and Panama; Cum-

ing! Sowerby: also Reeve: also Miiller.

CONUS. Panama Shells. 329

Panama, and the Gallapagos; Deshayes: also Kiener.

Panama; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We found 4 specimens. Deshayes’s words are, “Tile de

Panama; * * * que l’on rencontre assez fréquemment 4

Panama et aux Gallapagos.” In several instances this author

appears to have fallen into the geographical error of supposing

Panama to be an island.

114. Conus gladiator.

Synonymy.

Conus gladiator Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 55. Apr. 1833.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 121. May 1836.

—- —— Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 33. f. 34. 1841,

a Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 22. f. 127. Aug. 1843,

———_ ———— Kener Iconog. p. 25. pl. 15. f. 4. and pl. 109. f. 4.

Station—In sandy mud in the clefts of rocks; Cuming!

Broderip. In soft mud in the clefts of rocks; Cuming!

Reeve.

We found this species at low water mark, mostly under

stones which were more or less mingled with sand.

Habitat Panama; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve: also

Miller.

Panama; Sowerby: also Kiener: and Jay.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 70 specimens.

115. Conus mahogani.

Synonymy.

Conus mahogani Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 22. f. 126. Aug. 1848.

—— ———— Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 169. Dec. 1843.

——- ——— Kener Iconog. p. 170. pl. 74. f. 3.

Station Sandy mud ; Cuming! Reeve.

JULY, 1852. 31 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

330 Panama Shells. STROMBIDA.

Our specimens were found crawling on a beach of clean and

very wet sand, between low water mark and half tide level.

Habitat——Salango ; Cuming! Reeve.

Pacific Ocean, shores of Columbia; Kiener.

Salango; Jay.

Taboga: C. B. A.!

We collected 8 living and 14 dead specimens.

116. Conus nux.

Synonymy.

Conus nux Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 54. Apr. 1833.

—— —— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 120. May 1836.

— — Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 32. f 31. 1841.

——— —— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 20. f. 110. Aug. 1843.

——— —— Lam. An. sans Vert. XI. 129. No. 185. 1844.

—— — Kiener Iconog. p. 47. pl. 11. f. 3. and pl. 102. f. 2.

Station Unknown.

Habitat.—Gallapago Is.; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve:

also Miiller.

Gallapago Is.; Sowerby: also Deshayes: and

Kiener: and Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained only 2 small specimens.

117. Conus princeps.

Synonymy.

Conus princeps Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 713. No. 256. (Ed. 10.) 1758.

———- Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 713. (Ed. 10. alt.) 1760.

—— ————__ Linn. Mus. Ulric, p. 552. No. 156. 1764.

— Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1167, No. 297. (Ed. 12.) 1767.

La Robe Persienne Favanne’s D’Argenv. II. 546. pl. xvii. B. 1780.

Conus princeps Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat. VI. 3378.

No, 9. =: =) = 92) eer eee 1788;

regius Chem. Conch. Cab. X. 17. pl. 188. f. 1276. 1788.

Conus princeps

——— __regius

princeps

reguus

princeps

regius

Panama Shells.

Turt. in Linn. Syst. Nat. IV. 313.

Lam. in Ann. Mus. XV. 31. No. 10.

Dillw. Catal. I. 368.

Blainy. Dict. des Sc. Nat. X. 251.

Wood Ind. Test. pl. 14. f. 25.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VIII. 446. No. 10. Aug.

Swains. Zool. Ill. 1st Ser. II. pl. 86.

Encye. Meth. pl. 318. f. 3.

Brod. in Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 55. — Apr.

Valence. in Humb. Ree. Obs. II. 336.

lineolatus Valenc. in Humb. Ree. Obs. Il. 336. (var.)

——— princeps

———_ regius

———__ princeps

——_regius

—_—_—_

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 122.

Kiist. Conch. Cab. p. 59. N. 44. pl. 9. f. 3.

Sowb. Conch. Il. pl. 32. f. 30, 30 a, 30 6.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 36. Mar.

Lam. An. sans Vert. XI. 13. No. 10. Desh. ed.

Kiener Iconog. p. 15. pl. 3. f. 2, and pl. 11. f. 4.

Chenu Lec, Elem. pl. 12. f. 5.

331

1806.

1810.

LBL.

1818.

1822.

1821.

1824.

1833.

1836.

1838.

1841.

1843.

1845.

1847.

Three varieties of coloring have been found, as follows :—

1. With broad stripes: Lister's fig.; Wood’s fig.; Reeve var.

a. and fig. 86 a.; Kiener pl. 3. f 2; Chenu’s fig. in Lec.

Elem. According to Mr. Reeve, this is the Linnzan type.

2. With linear stripes; C. lineolatus Valenc.; Sowb. C. Il.

f. 30 a., 80 b.; Reeve var. 6. and fig. 360.; Kiener pl. 11.

f. 4.

3. Without stripes: Sowb. C. Ill. pl. 30? Reeve var. c. and

fig. 36¢.

Station—In sandy or soft mud in the crevices of rocks ; Cum-

ing! Broderip

: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones at low water.

Habitat—Unknown ; Linnzeus: also Gmel.

Indies; Turton.

Asiatic Ocean; Dillwyn : also Lamarck : also Bligh

Catal.

“ Pacific Ocean, shores of Mexico, Bay of Panama ;”

Kiener.

332 Panama Shells. STROMBIDA.

Asiatic Ocean, Philippines ; Jay.

San Juan, in Lower California; Lt. Green! Gould

MSS.

Hab. of Var. 1.—Asiatic Ocean ; Wood.

Acapulco ; Humboldt and Bonpland! Valen-

clennes.

Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Hab. of Var. 2.—Acapulco ; Humboldt and Bonpland! Valen-

ciennes.

St. Elena and Panama; Cuming! Broderip :

also Miiller.

Monte Christi and Panama ; Sowerby.

St. Elena, Central America, Panama; Cum-

ing! Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

Hab. of Var. 3.—Panama and Monte Christi; Cuming! Bro-

derip.

Monte Christi, Panama; Sowerby.

Monte Christi; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 8 specimens of var. 38, and 1 of var. 2. It will

be observed that there is no original testimony for any habitat

out of the Panama zoological province.

118. Conus purpurascens.

Synonymy.

Conus purpurascens Brod. in Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond.

we) OO eo eee ce

—_ —————_ Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 121. May 1836.

——- —-———_ Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 25. f. 13. 1841.

——— ———_ Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 19. f. 105. July 1843.

oe —— Tam. An. sans Vert. XI. 184. No.

198. Desh, Ed. - - = == = = 1845.

CONUS. Panama Shells. 333

Conus purpurascens Kiener Iconog. p. 189. pl. 39. f. 2.

and pl. 61, f. 3.

Station. Sandy mud in the clefts of rocks; Cuming! Brode-

rip: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones at extreme low water

mark.

Habitat— Panama; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve: also

Miller.

Annaa; Sowerby.

San Blas; Hinds!

San Blas; Hinds! Reeve.

Panama; Kiener: also Deshayes.

Panama and San Blas; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 12 specimens on the reef. Is there not an error

in Sowerby’s statement? It appears to want confirmation.

A variety (?) differs in being more slender, in having a convex

spire and a subovoid outline, with a few distant elevated spiral

lines over the whole surface.

119. Conus regalitatis,

Synonymy.

Conus regalitatis Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 19. Mar. 1834.

Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 124. May 1836.

Se Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 57. f. 87. 1841.

—- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 40, f. 218. Jan. 1844.

— ———_ Lam. An. sans Vert. XI. 133. No, 192. 1845.

Kiener Iconog. p. 237. pl. 39. f. 3.

Station—In the clefts of rocks on sandy mud; Cuming!

Sowerby : also Reeve.

We found this species under stones at extreme low water.

Habitat.—Real Llejos; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Real Llejos; Deshayes.

Shores of Peru; Kiener.

334 Panama Shells. STROMBID&.

Real Llejos and Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 9 specimens, one of which exceeds three inches

in length. May not @ achatinus in Menke’s catalogue of Ma-

zatlan shells be identical with this species? C. achatinus belongs

to another and distant zoological province.

120. Conus regularis.

Synonymy.

Conus regularis Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 29. f. 29. pl. 36.

fame Dickies wearer © pseioeue 1841.

—— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 26. f. 126. Sept. 1843.

——— ——— Lam. An. sans Vert. XI. 132. No. 189. 1845.

——— Kiener Iconog. p. 124. pl. 23. f 3. (var.)

Mr. Sowerby’s reference to Z. P. 1841, we are unable to

verify.

Station.—Soft mud at the depth of 23 fathoms and at 7

fathoms; Hinds! Reeve.

Habitat— Gulf of Nicoya and Panama; Hinds! Reeve.

Gulf of Nicoya ; Deshayes.

Philippine Is.; Kiener.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Gulf of Nicoya and Panama; Jay.

Guaymas; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

Kiener has doubtless been misinformed.—We found only 1

imperfect specimen of this very rare shell.

121. Conus vittatus.

Synonymy.

Knorr Vergn. III Theil. pl. 11. f. 3. 1768.

Conus vittatus Lam. in Ann. Mus. XV. 267. No. 63. 1810.

Dillw. Catal. I. 390. No. 67. 1817.

———— —— Wood. Ind. Test. pl. 15. f 63. 1818.

——— ——__ Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 470. No. 63. Aug. 1822.

STROMBUS. Panama Shells. 3365

Conus vittatus Lam. in Encye. Meth. pl. 335. f. 3. 1824,

Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 28. f. 21. 1841,

—— — — Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 14. f. 75. June 1843.

——- ——— lam. An. sans Vert. XI. 49. No. 63.

Deshvede =F = = hs ee 1845.

Kiener Iconog. p. 110. pl. 63. f. 5.

Station.—In coarse sand, at a depth of from 7 to 11 fathoms ;

Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were found at low water mark.

Habitat Asiatic Ocean; Wood: also Lamarck: and Kiener.

Bays of Panama and Montija; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

The first-named habitat is probably erroneous; it does not

appear to be authenticated by any conchological traveller.

We obtained 4 fine living specimens, of which two have an

orange tinge, and two have a tinge of brownish purple.

122. Strombus galea.

Synonymy.

Strombus galea Wood Ind. Test. Supp. ee 4, f. 13;

also f. 14jr. - - --- - 1828.

—— galeatus Gray Descr. Catal. p. 2 (2 a pag.)

No,.235 Soa =) = - - June 1882.

—_—— Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 36. nae 54. pl.

10. f UWA. =; eas eS Bea 1842.

Kiener Iconog. p. 5. pl. 2.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 710. No.

33. (Desh. ed.) - - - - 1843.

Duel. in Chenu Ill. Conch. sh 26, on, f 1; 1843.

Lam. An. sans Vert. II. Pt. 2. p. 751.

No. 83. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - 1844.

ae Kiist. Conch. Cab. p. 13. pl. 4a. f. 5.

pl 46. £4,902 one ee pies kee

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 13. Noy. 1850.

Station.—On the reefs at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

336 Panama Shells. STROMBIDZ.

Habitat— Unknown ; Wood.

Peru; Gray.

Mazatlan; Kiener: also Duclos.

Sea of California; Deshayes.

Gulf of Nicoya; Cuming! Reeve.

Pacific Ocean ; Kiister.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Gulf of Nicoya & California; Jay.

Taboos. (C.D. A.

Many fragments only of this shell were seen.

123. Strombus gracilior.

Synonymy.

Strombus gracilior Sowb. in Tank. Catal. No. 1792. p. 20. 1825.

Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 1. 1828.

—— Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 32. No. 35. pl. 8.

Pe ha Rima ih toe Mh corel, Eakin (ead ie 1842.

Kiener Iconog. p. 31. pl. 21. f. 1.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 713. No. 36.

(Desh. eds) ye ice = - 1843.

Duclos in Chenu Il. pana op 17. £6 6, 1. 1843.

Lam. An. sans Vert. III. p. 752. No. 36.

HT Ty T|

d S

(esh, ted. tent.) y=” voy et - 1844.

Kiist. Conch. Cab. p. 36. pl. 4a, £6 6, 1. 1845.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f. 38. Jan. 1851.

Station.—Sandy mud at a depth of from 6 to 10 fathoms ;

Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat—Unknown ; Wood: also Duclos.

South Seas; Sowerby.

Shore of California; Kiener: also Kiister.

Seas of California; Deshayes.

St. Elena & Panama, Central América; Cuming!

Reeve.

Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

California & Tahiti; Jay.

STROMBUS. Panama Shells. 337

La Paz; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.; also Mus.

Essex Inst.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained only 1 dead, but nearly perfect specimen. Mr.

Reeve’s statement is an example of a common ambiguity. The

phraseology implies that St. Elena and Panama are in Central

America; but neither place being in that country, the question

arises, whether Central America is named as a third locality.

Looking over the habitats mentioned by English, and French,

and German authors, many such examples occur: and in view

of the acknowledged superiority of Huropeans in all depart-

ments of science, such geography is exceedingly perplexing to

an American.

If the locality Tahiti, mentioned by Dr. Jay, can be

authenticated, it will be a very important fact of distribution.

124. Strombus granuiatus.

Synonymy.

Strombus granulatus Swains. in Bligh Catal. App. p. 8. | May 1822.

— Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4. f. 21. 1828.

Swains. Exot. Conch. ee 36. ae

ley ed.) -. - - - : 1841.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 33, ne 39.

TOR BRUM eg et PEA MP WEE) A fee

Kiener Iconog. p. 28. pl. 22. f. 1.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 713. No.

Clos ion Onenuiues Conch pee ante

37. (Desh. ed.) - - - - - - - 1843.

Bethe Gate, =a N= - - 18453.

Lam. An. sans Vert. I. Pt. 2. ps

752. No. 37. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - 1844,

Kiist. Conch. Cab. p. 64. pl. 13. f. 13. 1845.

Reeve Conch. Icon, pl. 14. f. 32. Jan. 1851.

Station.—In sandy mud at the depth of from 6 to 8 fathoms ;

Cuming! Reeve.

338 Panama Shells. STROMBIDZ.

Habitat.—Unknown: Wood: also Sowerby.

Seas of India; Kiener: also Duclos: also Kiister.

Seas of India, according to Kiener; Deshayes.

St. Hlena & Gallapago Is; Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Central America; Jay.

La Paz; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.

Panama; EH. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 7 dead specimens. We have received a num-

ber of specimens from the Sandwich Islands, but cannot vouch

for this locality.

125. Strombus Peruvianus.

Synonymy.

Strombus Peruvianus Swains. Zool. Ill. 2nd Ser. No. 39

in Index, No. 1 on plate. - - - 1823.

—— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 250. f. 3. 1842.

——— Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 34. No. 42.

pl fOPe 210 2). ee ieee

—— Kiener Iconog. p. 11. pl. 8.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 712. No.

eaaal

35. (Desh. ed.) - - - - - - 1843.

—— Ducl. in Chenu III. Conch. pl. 22.

PA or hee ee ec ae

——— [am. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2.

p- 752. No. 35. (Desh. ed. tert.) - 1844,

—— Kiist. Conch. Cab. p. 24. pl. 5a. f. 1. 1845.

—w— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 5. 6. Dec. 1850.

Station.—On the reefs at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

Our ‘specimens were taken on a clean sandy beach at low

water. On Dec. 6th (1850) there were many seen alive: but

on revisiting the place, Dec. 81, only 2 or 3 dead shells could

be found.

Habitat.—Peru, and near Panama; Swainson.

Unknown ; Sowerby.

TRITON.

Argo-buccinum nodosum

Murex argus var. 8 pars.

Triton

Fusus

Cassidaria

Triton

Fusus

Triton

Panama Shells. 339

Shores of Peru; Kiener: also Deshayes.

‘tLe Perou et je crois la mer Rouge ;’’ Duclos.

Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Reeve.

Peru; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 24 specimens.

Notwithstanding the opinion, of Duclos, we are very sceptical

of the identity of any Red Sea species with those species which

inhabit this continent.

Family

Chemnitzit

MURICIDA.

126. Triton Chemnitzii.

Synonymy.

Chem. Conch. Cab. IV. 98. pl.

1S 5 —G 1780.

Gmel. in Linn. Syst. 3547. No. 78. 1788.

Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 110. 1839.

Anton Verzeich. p. 77. 1839.

Wiegmanni

setosa

Chemnitzii

Wiegmanni

perforatus

nodosum

Hinds teste Reeve.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 11. f. 37. May 1844.

Phil. Abbild. II. pl. 2. f. 2. 4. var. 1845.

Con. in Proce. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil.

TVG SGwe eon ee ha) = ix ep. ESa0,

Con. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil.

new ser. I. 280. pl. 39. f. 6. var. 1849.

Mke. in Zeitschr. Malak. p. 189. 1850.

Station —In sandy mud, at the depth of 6 fathoms; Cuming!

Reeve.

We found this species under stones at extreme low water mark.

Habitat.—Panama ; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; Philippi: also Jay.

Lower California ov Peru ; Conrad.

Mazatlan ;

Melchers ! Menke.

Panama, and Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 9 specimens.

340 Panama Shells. MURICIDA.

127. Triton constrictus.

Synonymy.

Triton constrictus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 5. Jan. 1833.

2 decussatum Valence. Humb. Ree. Obs. II. 306. 1833.

— constrictus Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 101. 1836.

— — Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 12. f. 41. May 1844.

Station.—In sandy mud, in from 7 to 10 fathoms; Cuming!

Broderip : also Reeve.

Habitat—Monte Christi, and Xipixapi; Cuming! Broderip:

also Reeve: also Miiller.

Acapulco; Humboldt and Bonpland! Valenciennes.

(Triton decussatum.)

Panama; C. B. A.!

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 4 specimens.

128. Tritom fusoides. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate-fusiform, slender: whitish, stained with brown,

with a white spiral stripe near the middle of the whorls: with

prominent narrow not approximate ribs, about nine on each

whorl, crossed by numerous raised fine spiral lines, of which

the alternate ones are mostly larger: apex acute: spire conic:

whorls eight, convex, with a well impressed suture: aperture

long subovate: canal short.

Mean divergence about 35°; length .76 inch; breadth .28

inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.

We obtained only 1 specimen.

129. Triton gibbosus.

Synonymy.

Triton gibbosus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 7. Jan. 1833.

TRITON. Panama Shells. 841

Triton gibbosus Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p 102. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 14. f. 38. pl. 11. f.

SEG Mane eee ge a leh aS June 1844,

Mr. Reeve’s reference to Proc. Z. 8. 1844 appears to be a

misprint.

Station.—Coarse sand at the depth of 7 fathoms; Cuming!

Broderip : also Reeve.

Habitat—Panama, and Monte Christi; Cuming! Broderip:

also Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 5 specimens.

130. Tritom ligmarius.

Synonymy.

Triton lignarius Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 5. Jan. 1838.

Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 101. May 1836.

ee Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 13. f. 40. June 1844,

-—- Hinds in Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 12. pl. 4.

PLR LGN Pe SA a8 Oxy ayn Fey ene 1844.

Station—Sandy mud at a depth of from 7 to 12 fathoms;

Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve.

Sandy mud 7 fathoms ; Hinds!

Habitat—-Puerto Portrero, and Panama; Cuming! Broderip:

also Miiller.

Puerto Portrero, St. Elena, and Panama; Cuming!

Reeve.

Monte Christi; Hinds!

Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained one small but perfect specimen of this very

elegant species. The varix at the labrum is enormously

developed. The shell was occupied by a hermit crab.

3842 Panama Shells. MURICIDA.

131. Triton vestitus.

Synonymy.

Triton vestitus Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 21. Feb. 1844.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 20. f. 101. Aug. 1844.

—- Hinds in Voy. Sulph. Moll. pl. 4. f. 1. 2. 1844,

Station.— Among the rocks on the shore ; Hinds !—copied by

Reeve.

Our specimens were obtained under stones near low water

mark.

Habitat.—Real Llejos, Gulf of Nicoya, and Bay of Honda;

Hinds! copied by Reeve.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained 4 specimens of this beautiful species.

TRITON VESTITUS? VAR. SENIOR.—We found also near

Panama a shell which differs but little from the preceding. It

is not so deeply colored, and is lengthened by the addition of

another whorl, and consequently it has an additional varix.

The sculpture of the lower whorls is less prominent; and the

shell is distorted.

132. Ranella czlata.

Synonymy.

Ranella celata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 179. Oct. 1832.

Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 100. May 1836.

os Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 8. pl. 85. f. 8. 1841.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 241. f. 8. 1842.

semigranosa Kiener (non Lam.) p. 19. pl. 11. f. 2.

celata Lam. An. sans Vert. [X. 554. No. 21. (Desh.

Ey,

es Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 697. No.

21. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - - 1844,

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 3. f. 10. July 1844.

According to Deshayes and to Reeve, Kiener has fallen into

an error in confounding with this species the &. semegranosa of

RANELLA. Panama Shells. 343

Lamarck. Is not Deshayes also in error, when he refers Kiener’s

figures to the Lamarckian species? Deshayes has copied from

Kiener’s text the reference to pl. II., which is a misprint for

pl. XI.

The apex is always eroded, and many are eroded over much

of the spire. The individuals differ much in number and in

the degree of development of the granules. Some of the shells

are from 2 to 2.3 inches long.

Station.— Under stones; Cuming! Broderip. Under stones

at low water; Cuming! Reeve. We found this species under

stones between the low water mark of the neap tides and that

of the spring tides.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve.

Panama; Sowerby: also Kiener: and Deshayes:

and Jay.

Panama; EH. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 190 specimens on the reef.

133. Ranella nana.

Synonymy.

Ranella nana Brod, and Sowb. in Zool. Journ. IV. 376, 1829.

Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 51. June 1841.

——— —— Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 6. pl. 85. f. 6. 1841.

—. —— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 241. f. 6. 1842.

——-. Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 29. July 1844.

Station.—Coarse sand at the depth of 7 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby. Coarse sand at the depth of 10 fathoms; Cuming!

Reeve.

Habitat Ad insulam Panama, Philippinarum ;” Cuming |

Sowerby.

Panama; Sowerby: also Jay.

Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

344 Panama Shells.

Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; C. B. A.!

MURICID&.

Mr. Sowerby’s statement of habitat,’in the Proc. Z. S., is

not intelligible. We found two specimens occupied by hermit

crabs. One of the shells is perfect and very elegant.

134. Ranella nitida.

Synonymy.

Ranella nitida Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 179.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 99.

Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 4. pl. 84. fi 4.

—— ——~ Kiener Iconog. p. 9. pl. 2. f. 2.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 557. No. 25.

(Desh. ed.) - - - -

Lam. An. sans Vert. II. Pt, 2. p. 698.

No. 25. (Desh. ed. tert.) - -

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 8. f. 45.

Oct. 1882.

May 1836.

1841.

1843.

1844,

July 1844.

Station.—Under stones; Cuming! Broderip. Our specimens

were found under stones near low water mark.

Habitat.—Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve:

also Miller.

Columbia; Sowerby.

Shores of Columbia; Kiener.

West Columbia; Deshayes.

Bay of Caraccas ; Jay.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 300 specimens.

135. Ranella plicata.

Synonymy.

Ranella plicata Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 33.

Statton.— Unknown.

July 1844,

MUREX. Panama Shells. 845

Habitat.— Unknown; Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 6 specimens of this very aberrant species.

136. Miurex dubius.

Synonymy.

Murex aculeatus Wood (non Lam.) Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 5. f. 19. 1828.

dubius Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 119. pl. 61. f. 28. 1841.

a Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 26. f. 116. Aug. 1845.

Station.—Under stones near low water mark.

Habitat—Unknown ; Wood.

Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

Panama ; Jay.

Panama > C; B.A.)

We collected 72 specimens on the reef. The spines are

remarkably acute.

137. Miurex erosus.

Synonymy.

Murex erosus Brod. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 174. ' Oct. 1832.

- — Mill. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 93. May 1836.

a Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 104. pl. 60. f. 16. 1841.

——— ——- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 32. f. 160. Aug. 1845.

Statvon.—Under stones; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones near low water

mark.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Broderip: also Sowerby : and

Reeve.

Panama; C.'B. A.!

We obtained 2 specimens on the reef.

JULY, 1852. 32 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

346 Panama Shells. MURICID&.

138. Murex radix.

Synonymy.

Favanne’s D’Argeny. pl. 37. f. D.

Murex radix Schrét. Einl. Conch. I. 548. No. 17. 1783.

Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3527. No. 10. 1788.

— melanomathos Dillw. Catal. 686. pars. 1817.

—— radix Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 168. No. 36. Aug. 1822.

—— Swains. Zool, Ill. 2d. ser. ee 113. ioe Mis

Centronotus.) - - - - - - 1823.

—_ —— Schub. et Wagn. Supp. Bho P. 132. pl.

230. f. 4064-5. - - - 1829.

Eh i Wodarch Introd. Conch. (4th a nea f 3. 1831.

ee Valence. in Humb. Ree. Obs. IT. 299. 1833.

eats ge ee Sowb. Conch. Ill. Catal. No. &5. 1841.

—__ —— Kiener Iconog. p. 60. pl. 37, 38. f. 1.

—__ ——_ Hanley Conch. Book Spee. p. 91. 1842.

ee Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 584. No. 36.

(Deshi eds) =u 9 piu! a ae ne - 18438,

2 Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 707.

No. 36. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - - - - 1844.

—_—_ ——_ Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 17. f. 69. June 1845.

pee AES Chenu Lec. Elem. p. 198. f. 652. 1847.

Perhaps to this synonymy we should add Murea ambiguus,

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 13. f 51. Mr. Reeve remarks :—“ Any

modification of structure may, I apprehend, be considered of

specific importance, when it is not immediately approached on

either side.”—Conch. Icon. Murex. pl. 18. Or even if we could

find, in a great number of specimens, a dominant type, with

only occasional gradations into another type, the former might

be considered as of specific value. In this case, the number of

varices not exceeding eight, (while in WM. radix they are said to

equal or exceed ten,) the large open flowery fronds, and the

elongate form, are supposed by Mr. Reeve to indicate a specific

type. But among our shells, the specimens, which have nine

varices together with an intermediate form, are much more

numerous than those which correspond to the description and

MUREX. ; Panama Shells. 847

figure of M. ambiguus. So far, therefore, as we can judge from

the 100 specimens collected in one locality, the IZ ambiguus

appears to be, not a dominant type, but the extreme limit of

variation. It is quite possible, however, that a greater number

of specimens collected in various localities would confirm the

opinions of Mr. Reeve.

Dr. Menke, in distinguishing MZ. ambiguus from M. nigritus,

among the shells from Mazatlan, (Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1850,

p- 188,) finds nine varices in his specimens of the former.

M. radix is not mentioned as occurring among them.

Station.—On mud banks at low water; Cuming: Reeve.

Our specimens were found in part in the crevices of rocks,

but chiefly about stones, where there was more or less of sandy

mud, near low water mark.

.- Habitat—East Indian Seas; Dillwyn.

Shores of Acapulco; Humboldt and Bonpland! La-

marck: also Valenciennes.

Acapulco; Say in Catal. Mus.

Shores of Acapulco and of Panama; Kiener.

Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Bay of Caraccas; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 100 specimens on the reef. ‘T'wo of them weigh

22, ounces each, and one of these is 53 inches long.

Habitat of M. ambiguus——Unknown; Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; C. B. A.!

Murex nigritus Phil. we were unable to find at Panama.

139. Miurex rectirostris.

Synonymy.

Murex rectirostris Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 138. Nov. 1840.

Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 197. f. 111. 1841.

—— ——— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 22. f. 91. June 1845.

348 Panama Shells. _ MURICIDA.

Station —Sandy mud at the depth of 11 fathoms; Cuming!

Reeve.

Habitat.—Xipixapi; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained only 1 immature specimen.

140. Wurex recurvirostris.

Synonymy.

Murex recurvirostris Brod. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 174. Oct. 1832.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p.92. May 1836.

——— ———— Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 59. f. 9. 1841.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 19. f. 75. June 1845.

Station.—Sandy mud at the depth of 9 fathoms; Cuming!

Broderip : also Reeve.

Habitat——Gulf of Nicoya; Cuming! Broderip: also Sowerby :

and Reeve: and Miiller.

Gulf of Nicoya; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 1 imperfect specimen.

141. Wurex regius.

Synonymy.

Murex regius Swains. in Bligh Catal. p. 16. No. 201 and

No. 806. (Spec. non dese.) - - - - May 1822.

—— —— Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 5. f. 13. 1828.

—— —— Wodarch Introd. Conch. (4th ed.) Front.

esl em Sige crn a hee > cy GUI So 1831.

—— tricolor Valence. in Humb. Ree. Obs. II. 300. 1833.

—— regius Swains. Exot. Conch. p. 5. pl. 15. 1834.

—- i . ee “ (Hanley Ed.) 1841.

——— —— Sowb. Conch. Ill. Catal. No. 89. 1841.

—— —— Penny Cyclop. XXII. 55. f. 1842,

Kiener Iconog. p. 65. pl. 42, 43. f. 1.

MUREX. Panama Shells. 849

Murex regius Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 610. No. 80.

(Desh. Ed.) - - - - - 1843.

—— —— Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 16. No.

80. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - - - - 1844.

—— ——_ Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 15. f. 59. June 1845.

Station.—On mud banks at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were found in the crevices of rocks between

the low water mark of the spring tides and of the neap tides.

We cannot help suspecting some omission in Mr. Cuming’s

statement of the station of this species and of I. radix. Neither

species was found by us away from rocks or stones, and we can-

not well conceive how, without such shelter, the fronds could be

protected from injuries.

Habitat—Peru; Bligh Catalogue.

South Seas; Wood.

Acapulco ; Humboldt and Bonpland! Valenciennes.

Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Western Coast of Central and South America;

Penny Cyclopeedia.

Shores of Peru; Kiener: also Deshayes.

Panama; Jay: also Mérch.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 18 specimens on the reef. Only a few were

taken, because the species is extremely common in collections.

We have since regretted the restriction to such a small number,

on account of the fine coloring of the exterior and perfect con-

dition of most of these shells. Some of them are also remarka-

ble for size. One specimen is 5.3 inches long, and 4.2 inches

wide.

142. Wurex salebrosus.

Synonymy.

Murex salebrosus King in Zool. Journ. Lond. V. 347. 1835.

vitulinus Gray (non Lam.) in Zool. Beech. Voy.

pl 89. £ 4 Oe terbat cies 1839.

350 Panama Shells. MURICID Ax

Murex salebrosus Sowb. Conch. Ill. pl. 68. f. 48. 1841.

Kiener Iconog. p. 121. pl. 47. f. 1.

——— ——_——._ Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 613. No. 84.

Desh, ed." 2 ee ee 1843.

~_ ______ Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. i aa WG

No. 84. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - - 1844,

—— ———— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 24.f 98. Aug. 1845.

Station.— Under stones; Cuming! Reeve.

We found this species under stones not far from low water

mark.

Habitat—“ Southern Coast of South America ;” Sowerby.

Unknown; Kiener.

Shores of South America; Deshayes.

Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; Jay.

Lower California; Major Rich! Gould MSS.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

14 specimens were collected.

143. Wiurex vibex.

Synonymy.

Murex vibex Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 175. Oct. 1832.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 94. May 1836.

—— —— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 34. f. 175. Oct. 1845.

Most of the transverse ridges are simple ridges only, over

which the spiral lines are continued without interruption. Occa-

sionally some one ridge appears to be a true varix. ‘The species

has been regarded as intermediate between Turbinella and

Murex. It seems to be nearer to the former than to the latter

genus.

Station—In sandy mud, at a depth of from 6 to 12 fathoms ;

Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve.

PYRULA. Panama Shells. 351

One of our specimens we found alive under a stone. The

others were occupied by hermit crabs.

Habitat.—St. Elena and Panama; Cuming! Broderip: also

Reeve.

Panama; Jay.

Panama, 'C;. B, Al

13 specimens were collected.

144. Wuwex vittatus.

Synonymy.

Hurex vittatus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 176. Oct. 1832.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 29. f. 140. Aug. 1845.

Station—Sandy mud at the depth of 11 fathoms; Cuming!

Broderip: also Reeve.

Habitat—I. of Muerte Bay, at Guayaquil; Cuming! Brode-

rip: also Reeve.

West Columbia; Cuming in sched.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained, which is much larger than Mr.

Cuming’s specimens.

145. Pyrula patula.

Synonymy.

Pyrula patula Brod. and Sowb. in Zool. Journ. IV. 377. 1829.

Valence. in Humb. Ree. Obs. I. 291. 1833.

——- —— Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. pl. 35. f. 1;

also pl. 34. f. 10. and pl. 35. f. 3. young. 1839.

——— —— Keener Iconog. p. 14. pl. 2. f. 1, 2.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 522. No. 31.

(Desh. ed.) - - ~ - - 1843.

——— —— Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 686. No.

31. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - 1844.

Cyrtulus Hinds in Zool. Sulph. Moll. p. 13. 1844,

Pyrula Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 20. July 1847.

852 Panama Shells. MURICID&.

Deshayes has very aptly remarked of this and of the kindred

species, P. melongena, that their differences, although not very

obvious, derive importance from their constancy; and, we may

add, from their restriction each to distinct zoological provinces.

One of these types belongs to the Pacific shores of tropical

America, and the other to the Caribbean shores. Mr. Reeve,

however, has unfortunately assigned the Caribbean species to

the “ Eastern Seas.” It is perhaps unnecessary to say that we

have collected plentifully living specimens of P. melongena, in

Jamaica, where it is a common article of food. Dr. Gould

has also received it direct from Cuba, and Mr Redfield from

Carthagena, 8S. A.

Station—-On mud banks; Cuming! Reeve. Its analogue,

P. melongena, has a similar station in the West Indies.

Habitat—Acapulco; Humboldt and Bonpland! Valenciennes.

Shores of Mexico; Kiener.

Shores of the Pacific Ocean; Deshayes.

Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Reeve.

Peru; Cuming in sched.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.: also Mus. Hs-

sex Inst.

Pacific ; Jay.

Bay of Panama; C. B. A.!

We saw this species in a large heap of edible Molluscs, near

the houses of some natives in Panama. None of the specimens

being perfect, we took only one, which is nearly seven inches

long.

146. Ficula ventricosa.

Synonymy.

Martini III. pl. 66. f. 733. Litas

Pyrula ventricosa Sowb. in Tank. Catal. No, 1614. App. p. 16. 1825.

Bulla decussata Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 3. f. 3. 1828.

Pyrula ventricosa Kiener p. 27. pl. 12. f. 2.

Lam. An. sans Vert. [X. 521. No. 29. (Desh. ed.) 1843.

FASCIOLARIA. Panama Shells. 853

Ficula ventricosa Chenu. Ill. Conch. pl. 1. f. 1. pl. 2. f. 1. 1843.

Pyrula — Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 686. No. 29.

(Desh. ed. tert.) - - - - 1844,

Ficula decussata Reeve Conch. Icon, pl. 1. f. 3. May, 1847.

Station —None of our specimens were taken alive; but it

is probable that the species inhabits sands below low water

mark.

Habitat—Unknown ; Sowerby.

Panama; Wood.

Shores of San Blas; Kiener.

Seas of India and of China; Deshayes.

Unknown; Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

San Blas, and Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 8 specimens on the sand beach west of Panama.

147. Fusus bellus. Nov. sp.

Shell rather elongate and regularly fusiform ; white, with

some reddish brown spots in spiral series, mostly in three series,

one above and two next below the middle of the whorls: with,

on each whorl, about ten rather narrow prominent ribs, some of

which are varicoid, with spiral raised lines, with the intersec-

tions nodulous, and spiral striz: apex acute: spire conic:

whorls seven, very convex, with a moderately impressed suture :

aperture long ovate ; canal wide, moderately lengthened.

Mean divergence about 50°; length .44 inch; breadth .21

inch ; length of spire .22 inch.

Station— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A. !

One specimen only was obtained.

148. Fasciolaria granosa.

Synonymy.

Fasciolaria granosa Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 82. Feb. 1832.

354 Panama Shells. MURICID &.

Fascioluria granosa Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 106. May 1836.

—_—— Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 114. 1839.

— Kiener Iconog. p. 15. pl. 5.

— Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 437. No.

11. (Desh. ed.) - - - . - 1843.

Lam. An. sans Vert. II. Pt. 2. p. 656. No.

11. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - 1844,

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 3. f. 6. Oct. 1847.

Station—On mud banks; Cuming! Broderip. We found

only one specimen alive. It was among stones in a muddy

place, near low water mark. From the number of imperfect

specimens, which we saw occupied by hermit crabs near low

water mark, it seemed probable that its usual station was at a

lower level.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve: also

Miller.

South Pacific; Gray.

Shores of Peru; Kiener.

“Tile de Panama ;”’ Deshayes.

Panama; Hankey! Reeve.

Peru, and Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 7 specimens.

149. Turbimella caestus.

Synonymy.

Turbinella cestus Brod. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 8. Jan. 1833.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 106, May 1836.

Reeve. Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 34. Aug. 1847.

—

Station—In soft mud among the rocks; Cuming! Broderip :

also Reeve. We found it on asand beach near low water mark.

Habitat—Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve:

also Miiller.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Bay of Caraccas; Jay.

TURBINELLA. Panama Shells. 855

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We obtained 1 living and 1 dead specimen.

This species and 7. muricata furnish another interesting ex-

ample of a pair of nearly allied types, of which one inhabits

the Pacific shores of tropical America, while the other is a

Caribbean species.

150. Turbimella castanea.

Synonymy.

Turbinella castanea Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 114. 1839,

Siebold in Wiegm. Archiv. p. 213. 1839,

acuminata Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 229. f. 2. 1842.

castanea Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 5. f. 26. July 1847.

Station.—In crevices of rocks; Cuming! Reeve.

We found this species in the same situation, not far from low

water mark.

Habitat.—Pacific Ocean ; Gray.

Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; Jay.

Panama; EK. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 32 specimens, 12 of which were taken alive.

Many of them are covered with prominent spiral linear ridges,

which are wanting on others. But the number of specimens

with intermediate characters is so large as to show that the dis-

tinction is not of specific value.

151. Turbimella cerata.

Synonymy.

Murex — ceratus Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 5. f. 15. 1828.

Turbinella cerata Griff. An. King. Moll. pl. 41. f. 5. 1834,

a Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 114. 1839.

——— —— Kiener Iconog. p. 25. f. 16. f. 1.

— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 37. Aug. 1847.

Station.— Under stones at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

356 Pintivin: Shells. MURICIDA.

We found this species in the same situation and in the cre-

vices of rocks.

Habitat-—Unknown ; Wood.

South Pacific; Gray: also Jay.

Mazatlan; Kiener.

Gallapago Is.; Cuming! Reeve.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 12 specimens.

152. Wurbimella rudis.

Synonymy.

Turbinella rudis Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 10. f. 51. Aug. 1847.

Station.—Under stones, and in the crevices of rocks, near low

water mark.

Habitat—Unknown; Reeve.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 80 specimens.

153. Turbimella spadicea.

Synonymy.

Turbinella spadicea Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 9. f. 44. Aug. 1847.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.— Unknown; Reeve.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 15 specimens in various states of preservation.

CANCELLARIA.—The species of this genus being

pelagic, we were unable to make any observations on their habits

of station. The number of individuals is small as compared

with the number of the species obtained. We collected 25

specimens, which belong to 9 species.

154. Camcellaria affimis. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate fusiform: brown, sometimes with one or two

CANCELLARIA. Panama Shells. 357

spiral bands of white : with, on each whorl, about thirty narrow

prominent transverse ridges more or less inequidistant; with

numerous raised spiral lines, of which five are seen on the spire,

and which on the last whorl are less prominent and wide than

the transverse ridges: apex subacute: spire with the outlines

nearly rectilinear: whorls six, convex, with the suture subca-

naliculate ; last whorl rather large: aperture semiobovate, with

long sharp ridges within on the right side: labrum sharp,

thickened a little behind the edge, scalloped by both the inter-

nal and the external sculpture: columella stout, with three

plaits, of which the upper one is lamelliform and very promi-

nent, and the lower one is small and very oblique: canal short:

with a small umbilical chink bounded by the raised labrum and

a spiral bridge.

Mean divergence about 68°; length 1.05 inch; breadth .65

inch ; length of spire .45 inch.

This species is not so densely and finely sculptured as C.

elegans Sowb., and is less ventricose than C. asperella Lam.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

8 specimens were obtained.

155. Camceliaria clavatula.

“ Synonymy.

Cancellaria clavatula Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 52. Mar. 1832.

eat Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 74. 1836.

_ Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 11. pl. 10. f. 12. 1841.

— Kiener Iconog. p. 31. pl. 5. f. 2.

—— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 230. f. 12. 1842.

———— Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 416. No. 23.

(Desh. ed.) - - - - - - = 1843,

—— Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 648.

No. 23. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - 1844,

——— Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 445. No. 20.

pl. 92. f, 18. pl. 95. £, 67. 1848,

308 Panama Shells. MURICID&.

Station.—Sandy mud in 7 fathoms water ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat—Panama and Payta; Cuming! Sowerby: also

Miller.

Bay of Panama and shore of Payta; Kiener.

Panama and Payta; Deshayes.

Panama ; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

8 specimens were collected.

156. Cancellaria decussata.

Synonymy.

Cancellaria decussata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 55. Mar. 1832.

- Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 787. 1836.

-———_ Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 8. pl. 9. f. 8. 1841.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 446. No. 24,

TE Aes a elke ht hb 1848.

Station. Sandy mud, in 10 to 13 fathoms water ; Cuming !

Sowerby. :

Habitat—Panama and Puerto Portrero; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; Jay.

Panama,—C. B. A.!

2 specimens were obtained.

157. Cancellaria goniostoma.

Synonymy.

Cancellaria goniostoma Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond.

p. 51. - - - - Mar. 1832.

Mill. Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 73. 1836.

—_———_ —————— Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 47. pl. 18. f. 43. 1841.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 457. No. 64.

pl. 94. f. 40. ° - - 1848.

Station.—A. sandy bottom, in 8 fathoms water; Cuming!

Sowerby.

CANCELLARIA. Panama Shells. 359

Habitat.—Conchagua, San Salvador; Cuming! Sowerby:

also Miiller.

Central America; Jay.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Mazatlan ; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Lower California; Major Rich! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We found 1 specimen.

158. Cancellaria mitriformis.

Synonymy.

Cancellaria mitriformis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

Ae ee - - - - Mar. 1832.

————— uniplicata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

Ds. BiG) . Mecca hy bac Wats dvs atid aes

———— Mill. Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 79. 1836.

mitriformis Miill. Syn. Nov. Test. Nov. p. 73. 1836,

uniplicata Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 12. pl. 10.f18. 1841.

mitriformis Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 13. pl. 10. f. 14. 1841.

uniplicata Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 230. f. 18. 1842.

mitriformis Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 230. f. 14. 1842.

——__——- ———— Kener Iconog. p. 27. pl. 9. f. 3.

———_—__- ——_———_ Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 445. No. 19.

BINS y dt tay tee as erie 1848,

Station.—One specimen of C. m. was dredged in sandy mud;

Cuming! Sowerby. Two specimens of C. u. were dredged in

sand at a depth of 10 fathoms; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Panama; Kiener: also Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

Two young and 3 mature specimens were obtained. Two of

the latter of a deep blackish brown, like var. uniplicata.

159. Cancellaria pulchra.

Synonymy.

Cancellaria pulchra Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 50. Mar. 1832.

360 Panama Shells. MURICIDZ.

Cancellaria pulchra Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 72. pw d836.

ee Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 39. pl. 18. f. 37. 1841,

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 451. No. 42.

IDRC 75 ae SR 1848.

Station.—Sandy bottom in 8 to 10 fathoms water; Cuming!

Sowerby.

Habitat.—St. Elena; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miller.

Pabopa. CO: BAL!

Two specimens were obtained.

160. Cancellaria pygmea. Nov. sp.

Shell subovate, short; pale wax color, with minute dark

brown dots on the ribs, and dark brown irregular rays on the

upper part of the last whorl; with slender prominent ribs,

which are only nine in number on the last whorl, but are

crowded and numerous on the spire, and which are much

developed at the angle of the whorls; with several fine raised

spiral lines, which are stouter on the summits of the ribs, and

crowded intermediate microscopic striz: apex subacute: spire

with the outlines rectilinear: whorls five, acutely shouldered,

with a broad concave area above, moderately convex below

the angle, with a well impressed suture: aperture triangular,

effuse below: labrum thickened by the last mb; labium thin,

elevated : columella with two lamelliform slightly oblique plaits ;

umbilicus narrow, deep, bounded by an acute angle in the last

whorl.

Mean divergence, about 100°; length .83 inch; breadth

.25 inch; length of spire .15 inch.

This species is allied to C. contabulata Sowb., and C. bicolor

Hinds.

Station — Unknown.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

One specimen was found.

PLEUROTOMA. Panama Shells. 861

161. Cancellaria solida.

Synonymy.

Cancellaria solida Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 52. Mar. 1832.

Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 72. 1836.

Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 6. pl. 9. f. 6. 1841.

—— Thes. Conch. p. 440. No. 5. pl. 92. f. 4. 1848.

Station.—Hight to ten fathoms, sandy bottom; Cuming!

Sowerby.

Habitat—Real Llejos and St. Elena; Cuming! Sowerby:

also Miiller.

Real Llejos; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

One specimen was found.

162. Cancellaria tesselata.

Synonymy.

Cancellaria tesselata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 51. Mar. 1832.

Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 74. 1836.

Sowb. Conch. Illust. No. 21. pl. 11. f. 20. 1841.

Kiener Iconog. p. 32. pl. 9. f. 4.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 447. No. 29. pl. 93.

f, 32. 5 = - - - - 1848.

Station—Sandy, muddy bottom, in from 7 to 10 fathoms;

Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat—Bay of Caraccas, St. Elena, and Xipixapi; Cum-

ing! Sowerby: also Miiller.

“South Sea; Bay of Caraccas, and St. Hlena;”

Kiener.

Bay of Caraceas; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

Two specimens were obtained.

PLEUROTOMA. Like Columbella, this genus was found

to be represented by numerous species ; but unlike that genus,

JULY, 1852. 33 Ann. Lyc, Nat. Hist.

362 Panama Shells. MURICID&.

the species were represented by few individuals, at least so far

as they could be found withouta dredge. A similar abundance

of species and scarcity of specimens in this genus oecurs in the

Caribbean seas. One large species was found; of the others,

nearly one half are as small as the Caribbean species: the rest

are nearer to an average size as compared with the species which

have been described by European authors. Most of the small

species are undescribed. If we may judge from the collections

made by us in Panama and in Jamaica, and received from Cey-

lon, it may be conjectured that the undescribed species in this

genus are as numerous as those which have been described.

We do not refer to Kiener’s monograph, which contains 60 spe-

cies: for, including the allied genus Mangelia, nearly 500 species

have been described. Probably this is not more than half of

the number actually existing.

163. Pleurotoma aterrima.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma aterrima Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p- 1387. - - - - - Dec. 1833.

————— ———— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 113. “May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 12. f. 100. May 1843.

Station.— Under stones; Cuming! Reeve.

Our living specimens were found in the same situation at low

water mark.

Habitat—Monte Christi; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

West Columbia; Jay.

Panama: C. Bast

We collected 14 specimens, most of which were occupied by

hermit crabs.

164. Pleurotoma atrior. Nov. sp.

Shell subfusiform: jet black, with a paler translucent spiral

stripe below the middle of the whorls: with a spiral series of

PLEUROTOMA. Panama Shells. 363

granules next above the suture, and a not very prominent keel

above the middle of the whorls; on the last whorl three other

keels appear, which are more or less granulated: apex very

acute: spire with convex outlines: whorls eleven, angular un-

‘der the spiral keel, beneath it-concave, with an indistinct suture :

aperture long, with a rather deep sinus: canal very short, wide.

This species has some resemblance to P. discors. It must also

resemble P. Melchersi Menke, Zeitschr. 1851. p. 20.

Mean divergence about 38°; length .8 inch; breadth .28

inch ; length of spire .5 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama,; C. B. A.}

Only 1 specimen was obtained.

ié65. Pleurotoma bicanalifera.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma bicanalifera Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 136. - - - - Dec. 1833.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p.

112. - - - - - May 1836.

——_—_——— —————_ Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 12. f. 108. May 1843.

Station.—Sandy mud at a depth of 10 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat.—Shores of Central America; Cuming! Sowerby:

also Miiller.

Bay of Montija; Cuming! Reeve.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We found only 1 specimen.

166. Pleurotoma collaris.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma collaris Sowh. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

polsa = =F ee - Dec. 1833q

364 Panama Shells. MURICIDA.

Pleurotoma collaris Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 117. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 15. f. 120. July 1843.

Station.__Muddy sand at the depth of 8 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby : also Reeve.

Habitat._-Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Sowerby : also Reeve.

West Columbia; Jay.

Panama;..C. B. A.!

4 specimens were collected.

167. Pleurotoma concinna. Nov.sp.

Shell fusiform: white, tinged more or less with reddish

brown: with numerous crowded small ribs, which become ob-

solete near the labrum, and erowded spiral strise, which are finer

on the spire: apex acute: spire with moderately convex out-

lines: whorls eight, angular along the middle, with a mode-

rately impressed suture: aperture very long and narrow: la-

brum very much thickened a little behind the edge, with the

sinus deep and very near the suture: canal scarcely distinct

from the aperture. It resembles P. triticea Kiener, and may be

a Mangelia.

Mean divergence about 48°; length .42 inch; breadth .17

inch; length of spire .18 inch.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; ©. B. A.!—I specimen was obtained.

168. Pleurotoma : corrugata.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma corrugata Sowb. (non Kiener) in Proc. Zool.

Soe. Lond. p, 137. - - - Dee. 1833.

— turricula Sowb. (non Macgillivray) in Proc.

Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 187. - - Dec. 1838.

— corrugata ) 4... 7s 936.

aN aida Mill. Synop. N ov. Test, Viv.p.114. May 183

PLEUROTOMA. Panama Shells. . 365

Pleurotoma turricula Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 233. f. 6. 1842.

—_— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f£ 49.

(non pl. 19. f. 162.) - ~- Feb. 1848.

Sowerbyi Reeve Conch. Icon. in “ Errata”

Pleurot. - - - - Apr. 1846.

Station.—Sandy mud at 10 fathoms depth; Cuming! Sow-

erby.

Habitat—Bay of Montija, and Puerto Portrero; Cuming!

Sowerby: Miiller.

Taboga; C. B. A.1

3 specimens were obtained.

169. Pleurotema discors.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma discors Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 187. Dec. 1833.

ee Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 113. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 235. f. 14.* 1842,

— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 38. Feb. 1843.

Statton.—Coral sand at the depth of 17 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat.—I. of Plata; Cuming! Sowerby : also Reeve.

West Columbia; Jay.

Panama: C. B. As!

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 5 specimens.

170. Pleurotoma duplicata.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma dupiicata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p- 188. : : : : Dec. 1833.

Reeve. Conch. Icon. pl. 9.f 78. Apr. 1843.

Station.—A sandy muddy floor at 10 fathoms depth; Cum-

ing ! Sowerby : also Reeve.

* The citation in the Conch. Icon. of fig. 10. in pl. 284 of Conch. Syst. is evi-

dently a misprint for fig, 14.

366 Panama Sheils.. MURICID&.

Habitat—Puerto Portrero and Bay of Montija in Central

America; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Panama; ©. B. A. !

1 specimen was obtained : it is of a blackish brown eolor, but

otherwise is indistinguishable from a specimen received from

Mr. Cuming. It is smaller and more slender and finely seulp-

tured than Mr. Reeve’s figure.

171. Pleurotoma excentricat?®

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma excentrica Sowb. im Proc. Zool. Sos. Lond.

Dp le Bias a> ~. .. +) «Dee, E88

- Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 145. May 1836..

- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 58. Mar. 1843:

Station.—Coral sand at the depth of 6 fathoms; Cuming f

Sowerby : also Reeve.

Habitat.—Gallapago Is. ; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Panama; C.. B A.!

We found lb specimen, which probably belongs to this species.

It is a little longer than the figure in the Conch. Ieon., and is.

distorted only in the last whorl: spixal lines cross the ribs only

anteriorly.

i72. Pleurotoma exigua. Nov. sp.

Shell slender: pale cream color, with very fine brown spiral

lines, of which the two.or three upper ones are single, and the-

rest are in pairs: with distant obtuse transverse ridges, about

six or seven on each whorl, obsolete on the anterior half of the

last whorl: apex acute: spire with the outlines moderately

convex: whorls six, convex, with a distinct suture: aperture

narrow: labrum thickened by the last ridge a little behind the

edge, with a deep sinus near the suture: canal very short.

Mean divergence about 84°; length .175 inch; breadth .06:

inch; length of spire .1 inch..

PLEUROTOMA. Panama Sheils. 367

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat— Panama; ©. B. A.!

1 specimen of this elegant little shell was obtained in the

calcareous sand on the shore.

173. Pleurotoma gemmulosa. Nov. sp.

Shell long, subfusiform: brown, with some pale spots:

surface densely covered with small transverse and spiral ridges,

with the intersections developed into elegantly rounded promi-

nent nodules, except near the end of the last whorl, where the

transverse ridges are obsolete: apex acute: spire with the out-

lines very curvilinear: whorls eight, a little convex, with a

moderately impressed suture: aperture very narrow, with a

small sinus near the suture: labrum thickened without and

within: canal very short.

Mean divergence about 33°; length .22 inch; breadth .08

inch ; length of spire .14 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

174. Pleurotoma grandimaculata. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate pyramidal: black, with a single spiral series

of very large dingy white spots: with excessively minute incre-

mental and spiral striz, the latter of which are obsolete ante-

riorly ; with a sharp simple spiral keel a little below the suture;

a little below the middle of the whorls is a sharp tuberculated

keel, which is less developed between the tubercles; these

tubercles coincide with the white spots, and on the last whorl

are transversely elongated ; on the last whorl four or five more

spiral linear keels are Seen: apex acute: spire conic: whorls

ten, concave between the keels, with the suture indistinct;

aperture rather narrow ; labrum moderately thickened, with the

sinus rather deep: labium well developed: canal very short.

368 Panama Shells. MURICID&.

Mean divergence about 38°; length .95 inch; breadth .385

inch ; length of spire .62 inch.

Having received from Mr. Cuming specimens of this species

labelled P. zonulata, we infer that it has been confounded with

that species in collections. Mr. Cuming’s specimens are said

in the MS. catalogue to have come from the Philippine Is.,

but as their specific identity with our species is unquestionable,

it is probable that the catalogue is erroneous.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 1 fresh and 1 faded specimen.

175. Pleurotoma incrassata.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma incrassata Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p- 138. - - - - Dee. 1833.

— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 115. May 1836.

Botte Kiener Iconog. p. 33. pl. 15. f. 2.

incrassata Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 9. f. 76. Apr. 1843.

—————

Station—Sandy mud at the depth of 6 to 10 fathoms; Cum-

ing! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat—Panama, and Monte Christi; Cuming! Sowerby.

Mazatlan; Botta! (?) Kiener.

Bay of Panama, &c. ; Cuming! Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; C. B, A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

176. Pleurotoma nigerrima.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma nigerrima Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p: 187. 2-' <!0ee seek = | Dee. 1838.

PLEUROTOMA. Panama Shells. 369

Pleurotoma cornuta Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

Pe 196.) <p say seis) = Dee: 1888;, .

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 112. May 1836.

nigerrima Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p.113. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 12. f. 102. May 1843.

Station—Sandy mud in 6 and 10 fathoms; Cuming! Sow-

erby : also Reeve.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miil-

ler. (var. cornuta.)

Panama and Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 3 specimens.

177. Pleurotoma obeliscus.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma obeliscus Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p.110. Oct. 1845.

———- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 20. f. 175. Oct. 1845.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Unknown; Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

178. Pleurotoma olivacea.

Synonymy,

Pleurotoma olivacea Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 126. Dec. 1833.

— Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p.111. May 1886.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 27, Feb. 1843.

Station—In sandy mud at 5 to 12 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby. From mud in 4 to 7 fathoms depth; Hinds!

Reeve.

Habitat—Salango and St. Elena; Cuming! Sowerby: also

Reeve: also Miiller.

370 Panama Shells. MURICIDA.

Panama, Gulf of Nicoya, and western coast of

Mexico; Hinds! Reeve.

Panama; Jay.

' Panama; C. B. A.!

8 specimens were obtained.

179. Pleurotoma pallida.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma pallida Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 137. Dee. 1833.

— Mill. Synop. Noy. Test. Viv. p. 1138. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f. 134. Aug. 1848.

Station— A. sandy muddy floor at the depth of 13 fathoms ;

Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Hlabitat.—Puerto Portrero; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve:

also Miiller.

Panama; C. B. A.!

12 specimens in various stages of growth were obtained.

180. Pleurotoma rigida.

Synonymy.

Clavatula rigida Hinds in Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 45. Mar. 1843.

— ‘Hinds inVoy. Sulph. Moll. pl. 7. f. 18. 1844.

Pleurotoma Reeve Conch. Icon, pl. 25. f. 216. Oct. 1845.

Station — Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; Hinds! quoted by Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 20 specimens of this species in some calcareous

sand near the sea wall of Panama.

181. Pleurotoma rudis.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma rudis Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 184. Dec. 1833.

PLEUROTOMA. Panama Shells. 371

Pleurotoma rudis Mill. Synop. Noy. Test. Viv. p. 109. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 53. Mar. 1843.

Station.— Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve:

also Miiller.

Habitat.—Monte Christi; Cuming! Sowerby; also Reeve:

* also Miiller.

Monte Christi; Jay.

Panania 3 Co, Aut

2 specimens were obtained.

182. Pleurotoma rustica.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma rustica Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 138. Dee. 1833.

Miill. Synop. Noy. Test. Viv. p. 116. May 1836.

thiarella Kiener Iconog. p. 56. pl. 23. f. 2. ?

— rustica Reeve Conch, Icon. pl. 11. f. 91. May 1843.

Mr. Reeve’s reference to Proc. Z. 8. 1848, is a misprint for

1833.

Station.—Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve:

also Miiller. We found it under stones near low water mark.

Habitat.—Xipixapi; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve: also

Miiller.

West Columbia; Jay.

Panama; C. B.-A.!

10 specimens were collected, most of them more strongly

striated spirally on the last whorl than is represented in the

Conch. Icon.

183. Pleurotoma striosa. Nov. sp.

Shell slender: dingy white, with a more or less distinet

brown spiral stripe on the last whorl issuing from the upper

part of the aperture: with indistinct crowded spiral striz, with

ten or twelve very slender ribs on each whorl: apex acute:

372 Panama Shells. MURICID&.

spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear: whorls eight, convex,

with a moderately impressed suture: aperture rather narrow:

labrum rather sharp, thickened behind the edge by a very

stout rib: canal rather wide, very short.

Mean divergence about 33°; length .3 inch; breadth

1 inch; length of spire .2 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

13 specimens were found in the calcareous sand on the

shore.

-184. Pleurotoma zonulata.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma cincta Sowb. (non Lam.) in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond. p. 136. - - - - Dee. 1833.

—— zonulata Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 234. f. 10. 1842.

cee — Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 39. Feb. 1843.

The name given by Mr. Sowerby was pre-occupied by

Lamarck.

Station.—Sand and gravel at a depth of 7 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby : also Reeve.

Habitat.—Monte Christi and Xipixapi; Cuming! Sowerby:

also Reeve.

Panama: CU. B. A.!

T'wo specimens were obtained.

Of each of the following species we obtained but one speci-

men in a more or less imperfect condition. They were found

near Panama, mostly in the calcareous sand.

185. Pileurotoma

186. Pleurotoma b.

187. Mangelia ¢.

MANGELIA. Panama Shells. ; 873

188. Wangelia d.

189. Mangelia e.

190. Mangelia i

191. WMamgelia neglecta. Nov. sp.

Shell subfusiform: pale brownish red: with, on each whorl,

eight or nine prominent curved ribs, and an elevated spiral line

on the middle of the whorls, which becomes obsolete on the

last whorl; anteriorly with several spiral striz: apex acute:

spire with the outlines moderately convex: whorls seven,

rather convex, with a distinct suture: aperture rather narrow,

mostly parallel with the axis of the spire: labrum much thick-

ened within and without, with a narrow sinus: canal very

short.

Mean divergence about 40°; length .2 inch; breadth .07 inch;

length of spire .11 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Hahitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 2 specimens from the calcareous sand at

Panama ;, also other 2, of a more slender variety.

This is one of the many species whose claim to a place in the

genus Mangelia will not be universally conceded.

192. Mangelia sulcosa?

Synonymy.

2 Columbella sulcosa Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 118. June 1832.

peeeroe Duel. in Chenu Ill. Conch. pl. 21. f. 5. 6.

7 —_—_—_—_- ———. Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 141. pl. 40. f. 165.

The color of our specimens is a very deep green between the

cream-colored ribs, and brownish towards the apex, which is

nearly colorless. The “infra canali distincto” and “interno

374 . Panama Shells. MURICIDZ.

[labio] rugis basilibus nonnullis” Sowb., the well defined sinus

of the lip, and the sharp continuous ribs, present a group of

characters more characteristic of a Mangelia. We are not,

however, perfectly satisfied of the specific identity of our shell

with Mr. Sowerby’s.

Station.—We found our specimens under stones at and below

the low water mark of neap tides.

Habitat—Annaa and Lord Hood’s Is-

land; Cuming! Sowerby. + Columbella sulcosa.

Lord Hood’s Island; Jay.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

170 specimens were collected.

193. Cerithium adustum.

Synonymy.

Cerithium adustum Kiener Iconog. p. 37. pl. 13. f. 2 non 3.

‘Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 313. No. 46.

(Desh. ed.) He (et hore - - 1848.

——— Lam. An. sans Vert. IIT. Pt. 2. p. 611.

No. 46. (Desh. ed. tert.) ty Me - 1844,

There is evidently a transposition, as noticed by Deshayes,

Jay, and Menke, in Kiener’s references to and names on the

plate of his figures of this species and of C. maculosum.

Station.—In wet sand, under stones, at half tide level.

Habitat—Indian Ocean, Red Sea; Kiener.

Indian Ocean, aecording to Kiener; Deshayes.

Red Sea; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

206 specimens were collected. The doubt which Deshayes

implies of the accuracy of Kiener’s statement of habitat, must

be well founded.

194. Cerithium assimilatum. Noy. sp.

Shell very long, conic: very dark brownish red, with some

CERITHIUM. Panama Shells. 375

irregular linear spots of white on the spiral keels: with three

excessively prominent compressed acute nearly equal and equi-

distant spiral keels, with narrow deep interspaces, which are

crossed by microscopic raised lines, with a fourth keel on the

periphery of the last whorl, and another anteriorly which is

more minute: apex acute: spire with the outlines nearly recti-

linear: whorls sixteen to eighteen, planulate, with the suture

very indistinct: last whorl very short: aperture ovate : labrum

deeply scalloped by the spiral ridges: canal large, very short.

Mean divergence about 18°; length .23 inch; breadth

.06 inch; length of spire .19 inch.

This species is allied to C. trikneatum Phil. and to C. terebel-

lum Ad.

Station.—Under stones, sponges, and marine plants, &c., near

low water mark.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

Hight specimens were collected.

195. Cerithium bimarginatum. Nov. sp.

Shell long, conic: wax color, dark brown on the upper

whorls: with a spiral ridge at each margin of the whorls of the

spire and an intermediate raised line ; on each whorl with about

eighteen transverse small ridges with intersections strongly

nodulous; with a simple spiral ridge at the periphery of the

last whorl; anteriorly without sculpture: apex very acute:

spire with the outlines rectilinear: whorls thirteen, concave, with

a well impressed suture; last whorl very short, concave ante-

riorly, with the periphery angular: aperture subquadrate:

columella with a very prominent spiral fold: canal rather short,

recurved.

Mean divergenee about 20°; length .175 inch; breadth .055

inch; length of spire .14 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

376 Panama Shells. MURICID&.

Habitat,—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

196. Cerithium famelicum. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate conic: dingy white, more or less profusely

mottled with irregular brown spots, which are divided by fine

white spiral lines ; or nearly covered with fine alternating white

and brown lines: with a narrow spiral ridge on the middle of

the whorls, crossing transverse obtuse ridges, with very promi-

nent acute intersections; with the upper margin of the whorls

more or less granulous; anteriorly with two more granulous

spiral ridges; surface covered with fine spiral strize: apex acute:

spire with the outlines slightly curvilmear: whorls twelve,

moderately convex, with the suture lightly impressed; last

whorl short, gibbous on the left, with an anterior concave area:

aperture large, obliquely elliptical: labrum advanced in the

lower half: labium with a moderately thick deposit and a stout

transverse plait above: canal short, oblique.

Mean divergence about 33°; length 1.13 inch; breadth .5

inch ; length of spire .75 inch.

In color and sculpture only, this shell has some resemblance

to C. maculosum Kr. (C. adustum of Kr.’s plate.)

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Taboga ; C. B. A.!

17 specimens were collected.

197. Cerithium gemmatum.

Synonymy.

Cerithium gemmatum Hinds Voy. Sulph. Moll. pl. 11. f. 5. 6. 1844.

Station—Sandy mud, in from 2 or 8 to 7 fathoms or

upwards; Hinds!

CERITHIUM. Panama Shells. 377

Habitat.—Panama,; Hinds!

Taboga; C. B. A.!

19 specimens were collected.

198. Cerithium interruptum t

| Synonymy.

? Cerithium interruptum Menke. Zeitsch. Mal. p. 178. for

1850. - - . - , Apr. 1851.

Our specimens are, for the most part, much larger than those -

which Dr. Menke describes. In other respects, they answer to

his description as nearly as could be expected in a species with

variable characters. Menke’s shell is 5.4 lines long, and many

of our specimens are 1 inch long.

Station.—On and under rocks and stones, between half tide

level and the low water mark of neap tides.

Habitat.—Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

1100 specimens were collected.

199. Cerithium

° Sp. indet.

This shell is so nearly related to the preceding that it may be

a question whether it should rank as a distinct species. It is

larger, being 1.2 inch long; and is wholly black, except the

eroded apex : it has one series of sharp tubercles, and the spiral

granular lines are more prominent and more nearly equal than

in C. interruptum.

Station.—Like that of C. enterruptum.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

Thirty specimens were collected.

JULY, 1852. 84 Axx. Lye, Nat. Hist.

378 Panama Shells. MURICIDA.

200. Cerithium irroratum.

Synonymy.

Cerithium irroratum Gould in Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.

EE 110. - a = - Feb. 1849.

Gould Exped. Shells. p. 61. Feb. 1849.

This species closely resembles ©. ocellatum Brug., but Dr.

Gould informs me that it is his C. zrroratum.

Station.—At and above half tide level ; mostly in the margin

of water left on the rocks by the tide.

Habitat—Unknown; Gould, in Exped. Shells.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

Hight hundred and twenty specimens were collected.

201. Cerithium neglectum. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate conic: blackish red, with the apex white :

with three prominent spiral ridges on each whorl, of which

the upper two are less distant; with prominent transverse

ridges, sixteen or eighteen on the last whorl, where they are

less robust than on the spire, and which become obsolete on

the periphery of the last whorl; with the intersections developed

into very prominent elegantly rounded nodules; anteriorly

with two additional subgranulous spiral ridges; apex acute:

spire with curvilinear outlines: whorls ten, moderately convex,

with the suture indistinct; last whorl rather short: aperture

obliquely subovate: labrum a little modified by the spiral

ridges: canal deep, very short.

Mean divergence about 20°; length .125 inch; breadth .04

inch ; length of spire .09 inch.

Station.—Under stones, in old shells, in dead sponges, &c.,

near low water mark.

CERITHIUM. ; Panama Shells. 879

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

33 specimens were collected.

202. Cerithium Pacificum.

Synonymy.

Cerithium Pacificum Sowb. Genera. No. 42. f. 9. 1824.

—_—— Humboldti Valenc. in Humb. Ree. Obs. I. 280. 1833.

Kiener Iconog. p. 83. pl. 26. f. 2.

Pacificum Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 236. f. 9. 1842.

Kiener ascribes priority to the description by Valenciennes in

Humb. Rec. Obs. The second volume of Humboldt’s work, in

which the Mollusca are described, bears the date 1833. ?

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat —Cumana; Humboldt & Bonpland! Valenciennes.

Cumana; Kiener.

Panama; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen only was found.

003. Cerithium pauperculum. Nov. sp.

Shell slender: pale horn color: with several spiral keels, of

which five are visible on the spire, with many transverse ridges

on the upper whorls, which are reduced to raised lines on the

lower whorls, with the intersections slightly granulous ; ante-

riorly the spiral ridges are obsolete: apex acute: spire with

the outlines nearly rectilinear: whorls eight, slightly convex,

with a moderately impressed suture; last whorl rather long:

aperture long, acute above, with a small umbilical chink: canal

very short.

Mean divergence about 18°; length .18 inch; breadth .04

inch ; length of spire .09 inch.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

2, specimens were found.

380 Panama Shells. MURICIDA.

204. Cerithium pulchrum. Nov. sp.

Shell rather long, subconic: very dark brownish red, with

a yellowish white spiral line on the middle of the whorls : with

about forty slender acute ribs on each whorl, which terminate

abruptly on the periphery of the last whorl; with very stout

varices 240° distant ; with a narrow acute spiral keel, above the

middle of the whorls, traversing the ribs and varices: with a

few raised spiral lines and many minute spiral strize, which do

not traverse the ribs; anteriorly with crowded coarse spiral

strie: apex acute: spire with the outlines moderately curvi-

linear: whorls eleven, convex, with a deep suture; last whorl

short: aperture large, quadrate-orbicular, broadly effuse above,

with a very narrow sinus in place of the canal; labrum and

labium continuous, very thick and highly polished.

Mean divergence about 38°; length 1.25 inch; breadth .65

inch ; length of spire .82 inch. .

This species must closely resemble C. Montagnet Orb. But in

Kiener’s figure and description, Orbigny’s species appears to be

destitute of varices. Menke, however, in his specimen of C.

Montagnei from Mazatlan, finds 48 ribs on the last whorl, but

mentions no varices.

Station.—Half buried in muddy sand under bushes at high

water mark.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

125 specimens were collected, near the mangrove thicket, 23

miles east of Panama.

205. Cerithium Reevianum. Nov. sp.

Shell rather long, subconic: dark reddish brown, with a yel-

lowish white spiral line on the middle of the whorls, which is

darker between the ribs; with a similar spiral line anteriorly,

and another tipping the upper ends of the ribs on the lower

whorls: without varices: on each whorl with about twenty-

four prominent subacute, not approximate, ribs, which are less

CERITHIUM. Panama Shells. 881

regular and prominent on the last whorl, on the periphery of

which they become obsolete ; anteriorly with spiral raised lines,

of which one near the periphery is larger: apex acute: spire

with the outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls fifteen, con-

vex, with a well impressed suture: aperture large, quadrate-

orbicular, broadly effuse above, with a narrow sinus in place of

the canal: labrum and labium thick, not continuous; labium

reflected below.

It resembles Orbigny’s figure (not Kiener’s) of C. Montagnez;

Orbigny’s description is too meagre to enable us to identify our

species with it, and the figure represents it with flattened

approximate ribs, and with several spiral white bands, most

of which are wanting on our shell.

Mean divergence about 28°; length 1.55 inch; breadth .66

inch; length of spire 1.04 inch.

Station.—With C. pulchrum, q. v.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

190 specimens were collected with C. pulchrum.

206. Cerithium validum. Nov. sp.

Shell long, conic: dark reddish brown, with a pale spiral line

along the middle of the whorls : rufous on the varices, and white

in the aperture: sometimes whitish on the varices, the spiral

ridges, and the last whorl: with, on each whorl, about twenty

arcuate ridges, which are prominent and rather narrow but not

compressed, and which terminate abruptly at the periphery of

the last whorl: with stout varices about 270° distant: with six

spiral ridges, of which two next below the suture are small and

approximate, and are sometimes replaced by a single ridge:

and of which one is partly concealed in the suture: with inter-

mediate minute spiral striz: anteriorly covered with slightly

wrinkled spiral ridges: apex acute : spire with the outlines mode-

rately curvilinear: whorls twelve, convex, with a deep suture:

last whorl subangular at the periphery, very short: aperture

382 ‘Panama Shells. MURICID&.

sub-quadrate, effuse below, sub-effuse above: labrum produced

very far in the lower half, in old shells excessively thickened.

Mean divergence about 32°: length, 1.6 inch; breadth, .75

inch; length of spire 1.15 inch.

This species must closely resemble C. varicoswm Sowb., and

0. varicosum Kiener, which are probably distinet from each

other. ©. Hegeswichii Phil. is also similar to our shell. (It is

to be regretted that Dr. Philippi has not stated which side of

Mexico his species inhabits.) Sowerby’s shell may be ours. It

appears like a dwarfed variety. Orbigny considers it as the

young of the shell which he had from Guayaquil, but speaks of

a circular umbilicus.

Station — With C. pulchrum.

Habitat—Panama; EK. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

250 specimens were collected with C. pulchrum.

207. Triphoris alternatus. Nov. sp.

Shell long, conic, sinistrorsal: blackish red except that in the

lower whorls a dingy white spiral stripe occupies the lower two-

thirds of each whorl: with two stout marginal spiral ridges, and

a rather smaller intermediate one, which is wanting on the upper

whorls; with about twenty-five transverse moderately developed

ridges, which terminate at the periphery of the last whorl, with

the intersections strongly nodulous; anteriorly with two addi-

tional spiral ridges: apex very acute: spire with the outlines

slightly curvilinear: whorls twelve, nearly flat, with an indis-

tinct suture; last whorl short, concave anteriorly : aperture

rhombic: canal rather deep, short.

Mean divergence about 80°; length .2 inch; breadth .06

inch ; length of spire .155 inch.

Station.—Unknown..

TRIPHORIS. Panama Shells. 383

Habitat—Panama ; C. B. A.!

3 mature and 2 young shells were found.

208. Triphoris inconspicuus. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate fusiform, sinistrorsal: blackish red, fading

into a cinereous color: with three spiral equidistant strongly

nodulous ridges on each whorl, of which the intermediate one is

wanting on the upper whorls, and three or four additional

scarcely nodulous ridges anteriorly; with about twenty or

twenty-two transverse less prominent ridges on each whorl:

apex very acute: spire with curvilinear outlines: whorls twelve,

moderately convex, with the suture indistinct; last whorl with

the periphery subangular: aperture subrhombic, with a sinus

above: labrum much advanced: canal deep, short.

Mean divergence about 22°; length .165 inch; breadth

.055 inch; length of spire .13 inch.

Station.—Under stones near low water mark.

Habitat—Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

16 specimens were collected.

209. Triphoris infrequens. Nov. sp.

Shell long, conic: blackish red: with three excessively promi-

nent much compressed spiral ridges on the spire, and another on

the periphery of the last whorl; with about sixteen or eighteen

less prominent transverse ridges on each whorl; anteriorly with-

out sculpture: apex acute: spire with the outlines nearly rec-

tilinear: whorls thirteen, nearly flat, with the suture indistinct ;

last whorl very short: aperture subquadrate: labrum scalloped

by the spiral ridges : canal rather wide, very short.

Mean divergence about 20°; length .18 inch; breadth .045

inch ; length of spire .105 inch.

_ Station — Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

384 Panama Sheils. LITTORINIDZ&.

Family—LITTORINID A.

210. Turritella Banksii.

Synonymy.

Turritella Bankstt Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 15. May 1849.

Station —Sandy mud at the depth of 10 fathoms; Cuming!

Reeve. .

Between the low water mark of the neap tides and that of

the spring tides, this species was found living in the calcareous

sand among and under stones.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.

On the reef we collected about 350 specimens, one-third of

which were taken alive.

This species is remarkable for the diversity of color in

different individuals. Some are nearly black and are but

slightly variegated ; others are mostly white, mottled with a few

irregular blackish spots; many are ornamented with a profu-

sion of irregular greyish and blackish spots on a light ground;

and a few are brown. Not less than 20 individuals would be

required to exhibit fairly this diversity of coloring.

CaECUM.—A European type of this extraordinary genus

has long been known under the name of Dentaliwm trachea. In

1849, Mr. Clark of Exmouth, England, described the soft parts in

the Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. Mr. C. considered the animal

to be kindred to Rissoa. In the Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Oct.

15, 1851, Mr. William Stimpson has described three American

species, of which one inhabits Massachusetts, and two inhabit

Florida. For some time we have possessed several undescribed

species which we collected in Jamaica. Now we offer descrip-

tions of eight species from Panama. It is probable therefore

that the genus is well represented on this continent.

CCUM. Panama Shells. 885

211. Coecum diminutum. Nov. sp.

Shell well arcuated, slender, with the diameter uniform,

except near the summit: white: with about 17 stout rings,

which are rather distant and are but slightly flattened at the

summits, followed by about 10 rings which are small and less

prominent: apex lateral, not prominent.

Length .06 inch; breadth .018 inch.

Station — Unknown.

Habitat—Panama,; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

212. Coecum eburneum. Nov. sp.

Shell rather slender, well arcuated, scarcely widening towards

the aperture, slightly contracted at the summit: ivory white:

with about 88 broad stout approximate rings with flat summits ;

with the first 4 to 10 rings and sometimes the last 2 or 3, very

prominent and less approximate, and the rest slightly promi-

nent and closely approximate: apex prominent.

Length .09 inch; breadth .025 inch.

A yar. (?) has only 24 rings, of which the last 8 or 4 are pro-

minent, indicating maturity.

Station. Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

22 specimens were found in the sand.

213. , Coecum firmatum. Nov. sp.

Shell rather stout, well arcuated, widening towards the aper-

ture, moderately contracted at the summit: ivory white: with

about 25 very stout broad prominent not. closely approximate

rings, with flat summits: apex not very prominent.

Length .09 inch; breadth .03 inch.

886 Panama Shells. LITTORINIDA.

A variety (?) is more slender, and has the ribs less pro-

minent.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; ©. B. A.!

85 specimens were collected from the sand.

214. Coecum lve. Nov. sp.

Shell well arcuated, rather stout, of nearly uniform diameter:

white : smooth and shining: apex very prominent.

Length .08 inch ; breadth .027 inch.

Var. (?) minus is more slender, with the apex less prominent.

Length .062 inch ; breadth .02 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found, viz. 1 of each variety.

215. Coecum laqueatum. Nov. sp.

Shell slender, moderately arcuated, with the diameter regu-

larly increasing: white: longitudinally furrowed with about 20

shallow somewhat unequal grooves: apex moderately promi-

nent, lateral.

Length .11 inch; breadth .028 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama ; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were obtained.

216. Coecum monstrosum. Nov. sp.

Shell well arcuated, stout in the lower half and very slender

in the upper half, with the transition abrupt, as if the effect of

an accident: ivory white: on the upper part with about 18

rather stout approximate moderately prominent rings with flat

CCUM. Panama Shells. 387

summits ; in the lower part with about 12 very stout prominent

not closely approximate rings with flat summits; with 2 or 8

ribs on the middle with intermediate characters: apex pro-

minent. |

Length .09 inch; breadth of the upper part .018 inch;

breadth of the lower part .03 inch.

This extraordinary shell appears like a monstrosity. It

cannot however be a deformed C. firmatum, since it is the last

half of the shell which resembles that species. If it were the

last half which is contracted, it would look more like the effect

of an accident. But accidents to mollusks do not, so far as we

have seen, cause a greater development of the shell.

7 specimens, agreeing in all the above described characters,

establish the species.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

217. Coecum parvum. Nov. sp.

Shell well arcuated, slender, of nearly uniform diameter :

white: with about 15 acute-edged moderately prominent distant

rings: apex lateral, prominent.

Length .065 inch; breadth .019 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

218. Coecum pygmzeum. Nov. sp.

Shell well arcuated, slender, of nearly uniform diameter:

white: with about 23 narrow but very prominent rings with

flattened summits: apex lateral, prominent.

Length .06 inch: breadth .018 inch.

Station—Unknown.

388 Panama Shells. LITTORINID&.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

CHEMNITZIA.—The following species of this genus,

with the exception of C. communis and C. emarginata, have the

axis of the first whorl nearly or quite perpendicular to the axis

of the other whorls, constituting a subacute, subtransparent,

smooth and colorless apex. This remark, however, cannot yet

be applied to C. major, the unique specimen of which has lost

the apex.

As in Vitrinella and in some other groups of minute tropical

species, the number of individuals is small in proportion to the

number of species. The following 12 species are represented

by 129 specimens, of which 90 belong to one species, and 21

others belong to 2 species, leaving 9 species represented by only

18 specimens.

219. Chemnitzia aculeus. Nov. sp.

Shell conic, very slender: white: with, on each whorl, about

seventeen obtuse ribs, which terminate abruptly at the periphery

of the last whorl: spire with the outlines rectilinear except near

the apex: whorls twelve, moderately convex, with a well im-

pressed suture; last whorl with the periphery subangular:

aperture subovate: labrum thin: columella scarcely curved:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 138°; length .18 inch; breadth .04

inch ; length of spire .145 inch.

Station— Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; ©. B. A.!

4 specimens were found in the sand.

220. Chemnitzia acuminata. Nov. sp.

Shell fusiform conic: dingy white: with about sixteen or

eighteen transverse somewhat oblique ribs, which terminate ab-

CHEMNITZIA. Panama Shells. 389

ruptly on the periphery of the last whorl: spire with the out-

lines nearly rectilinear: whorls eight, very acutely shouldered

above, slightly convex, with a deep suture; last whorl long:

aperture subovate, acute at both extremities: labrum thin:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 23°; length .11 inch; breadth .043

inch ; length of spire .07 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was. obtained.

221. Chemnitzia affinis. Nov. sp.

Shell long, conic: pale yellowish brown: with, on each

whorl, about twenty-four rather slender ribs, which terminate

abruptly at the periphery of the last whorl; very smooth an-

teriorly : spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear: whorls ten,

moderately convex, with a well impressed suture; last whorl

angular at the periphery: aperture subovate: labrum thin:

columella rather stout: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 18°; length .21 inch; breadth .055

inch ; length of spire .165 inch.

Most easily distinguished from C. striosa (p. 898), by the

sculpture of the last whorl.

Station.—Unknown.

Hobitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found in the sand.

222, Chemnitzia clathratula. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate conic, much elongate: white: with, on each

whorl, about thirty minute ribs, which gradually become obso-

lete on the periphery of the last whorl, and which are decussated

by spiral raised lines, of which five or six appear on the spire

390 Panama Shells. LITTORINID A.

and of which the remainder cover the anterior part of the last

whorl : apex very minute: spire with the outlines nearly rec-

tilinear: whorls eight, more or less angular in the upper part,

with a well impressed suture; last whorl rather long, with a

well rounded periphery: aperture subovate: labrum thin:

columella rather stout: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 16°; length .13 inch; breadth .04

inch; length of spire .1 inch.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

10 specimens, in various stages of growth, were collected from

the sand.

223. Chemmnitzia communis. Nov. sp.

Shell long, fusiform conic: dingy white : with, on the penult

whorl, about twenty-two transverse ridges, and on the last whorl

a greater number, which are less prominent, and which become

obsolete anteriorly : with spiral ridges, of which four or five are

seen on the spire, and which on the last two whorls are as pro-

minent as the transverse ridges, but above are less developed :

apex with the axis oblique: spire with the outlines curvilinear :

whorls eight, moderately convex, with a well impressed suture:

last whorl rather long: aperture ovate, acute above, very

broadly effuse below: labrum rather thin, but not sharp: colu-

mellar lip well thickened, below reflected over a minute umbili-

cal indentation: columella with one small plait. A large speci-

men has the following dimensions :— -

Mean divergence about 23°; length .165 inch; breadth .05

inch ; length of spire .11 inch.

Station.—Under stones near low water mark.

Habitat— Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

90 specimens were collected.

CHEMNITZIA. Panama Shells. 391

224. Chemnitzia gracilior. Nov. sp.

Shell very long, conic: very pale yellowish brown: with, on

each whorl, about twenty-eight slender ribs, which terminate

abruptly just below the periphery of the last whorl: with a

well impressed spiral line next behind the anterior termination

of the ribs, and a few obsolete spiral strize : spire with the out-

lines nearly rectilinear except near the apex: whorls twelve,

slightly convex, with a well impressed suture: aperture ovate,

acute above: labrum very thin: columella a little curved:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 13°; length 381 inch; breadth .06

inch; length of spire .255 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found in the sand.

225. Chemnitzia major. Nov. sp.

Shell conic, long: dingy white: with, on each whorl, about

twenty-four stout obtuse approximate ribs, which are obsolete

anteriorly ; with lightly impressed fine spiral strize over all the

surface except the summits of the ribs: spire with the outlines

rectilinear: whorls fifteen, moderately convex, with a well

impressed suture: aperture subovate: labrum thin: columella

nearly straight: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 17°; length .88 inch; breadth .09

inch; length of spire .31 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen only was found.

226. Chemnitzia marginata. Nov. sp.

Shell fusiform cylindric; dingy white: with, on each whorl,

392 Panama Sheils. LITTORINIDA.

eleven or twelve very prominent strong compressed ribs : in the

interspaces with fine spiral striz, of which five or six are seen

on the penult whorl: apex with the axis oblique: spire with

the outlines curvilinear: whorls seven, margined above with a

spiral compressed ridge, moderately convex, with a well

impressed suture: last whorl with the periphery rounded:

aperture small, oblique, ovate: labrum thin: labium with a

distinct deposit: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 28°; length .115 inch; breadth .042

inch; length of spire .08 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

227. Chemnitzia Panamensis. Nov. sp.

Shell long, conic: white : with, on each whorl, about twenty-

seven oblique ribs, which become obsolete on the middle of the

last whorl, the anterior part of which is very smooth: spire

with the outlines nearly rectilinear: whorls twelve, moderately

convex, with a well impressed suture: last whorl sub-angular at

the periphery: aperture obliquely ovate: labrum thin: colu-

mella nearly straight: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 17°; length .22 inch; breadth .055

inch; length of spire .17 inch.

Station.—In the sand between high water and half tide

levels.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

11 specimens were found on the reef. .

228. Chemmitzia similis. Nov. sp.

Shell long, conic: white: with, on each whorl, about twenty-

six rather obtuse ribs, which terminate abruptly on the peri-

phery of the last. whorl: spire, with the outlines nearly. rectili-

CHEMNITZIA. Panama Shells. 893

near: whorls eleven, convex, with a rather deep suture: last

whorl rather long, with the periphery well rounded: aperture

subovate: labrum thin : columella straight: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 17°; length .17 inch; breadth .045

inch; length of spire .13 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat— Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found in the sand.

229. Chemmitzia striosa. Nov. sp.

Shell long, conic: yellowish brown: with, on each whorl,

about forty very minute slender ribs, which gradually become

obsolete on the periphery of the last whorl; covered with dis-

tinct spiral strize, of which one a little below the suture and also

those which are anterior are larger: spire with the outlines

nearly rectilinear: whorls ten, slightly convex, with a well

impressed suture: aperture ovate, acute above: labrum thin:

columella a little twisted: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 20°; length .21 inch; breadth .06

inch; length of spire .16 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the sand.

230. Chemmitzia turrita. Nov.sp.

Shell subcylindric in the lower whorls, conic in the upper

whorls: white: with, on each whorl, about eighteen sharp

compressed slender ribs, which are less prominent on the last

whorl, and terminate abruptly at its periphery ; with an impressed

spiral line next below the upper margin of the whorls, another

at the periphery of the last whorl, and an anterior spiral groove:

spire with the outlines curvilinear above the middle, otherwise

nearly rectilinear: whorls ten, acutely shouldered, slightly con-

JULY, 1852. 35 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

894 Panama Shells. LITTORINID&.

vex, with a well impressed suture; last whorl angular at the

periphery : aperture subovate : labrum thin: columella straight :

umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 238°; length .185 inch; breadth .055

inch ; length of spire .14 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were found in the sand.

231. Littorima (?) angiostoma. Nov. sp.

Shell obliquely ellipsoidal: dingy white: surface covered

with deep regular spiral striz: apex obtuse: spire rather small

with curvilinear outlines: whorls three and one half, very con-

vex, with a distinct suture: aperture subeffuse, nearly semi-ellip-

tical, the inner lip being straight, and well developed: umbilicus

conspicuous.

Mean divergence about 85°; length .18 inch; breadth .1

inch; length of spire .055 inch.

The generic character of this species is doubtful. The shell

resembles some small species of NARICA.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were found in the sand.

232. Littorima aspera.

Synonymy.

Littorina aspera Phil. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 139. Dec. 1845.

Phil. Abbild. II. pl. 4. f. 13. Mar. 1847.

The young are very commonly much angulated near the

periphery of the last whorl, as in several other species. They

are also more vividly colored. Some extreme examples of this

kind might at first be supposed to belong to a distinct species ;

but the intermediate examples are far more numerous, showing

LITTORINA. Panama Shells. 895

that the former are the extreme limits of variation rather than

distinct types.

Station.—W e found this species on ledges and large fragments

of rocks at or above high water mark.

Habitat—Sitcha, Mexico, and San Salvador; Philippi.

San Salvador; Jay.

Taboga, and Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 2400 specimens. Dr. Philippi’s statement of

habitat is “Oceanus Pacificus, Americam borealem alluens ;

Sitcha ; ora Reipublicze Mexico; S. Salvador in America

centrali:” Philippi. It is scarcely credible that this species

should have been found in so high a latitude as Sitcha. No

original testimony is cited.

Inttorina aspera, var., is more slender, and the sculpture is

reduced to spiral impressed lines. 83 specimens were collected

at Panama.

233. Littorima atyrata. Nov. sp.

Shell conic when young, subglobular when mature: black,

sometimes with a few whitish spots on the last whorl: with

spiral keels varying in size and number; usually a strong

sharp keel is seen on the periphery of the last whorl and in the

suture, and another appears on the upper part of the whorls,

with one slightly developed between them; with two or three

well developed keels beneath the periphery of the last whorl:

apex acute: spire small, eroded in full grown shells, with the

outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls four, a little convex,

with a well impressed suture; last whorl with an acute

periphery in the young, rounded in the mature shell: aperture

broadly ovate: labrum well excurved: umbilicus very small.

This species is variable in form and in sculpture.

Mean divergence from 65° to 90° in different stages of

erowth; length .08 inch; breadth .06 inch.

Station.—In or near cavities of rocks between half tide and

high water levels.

396 Panama Shells. LITTORINID&.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

3,300 specimens were collected.

234. Littorima conspersa.

Synonymy.

Littorina conspersa Phil. Abbild. I. pl. 4. f. 14. March 1847.

Some individuals, of a more ventricose form and with

broader striz, approximate towards L. puncticulata Phil.; but

for the most part the two species are easily distinguished.

Station—This species was found chiefly on large fragments

of rock at high water mark.

Habitat.—Real Llejos ; Philippi.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

320 specimens were collected.

235. Littorima (’) excavata. Nov. sp.

Shell obliquely ellipsoidal: very dark brown at the apex, in

the umbilical region and in the fauces, otherwise pale horn

color: with several spiral raised lines, and intermediate very

minute spiral striz; apex subacute: spire small, with the out-

lines very curvilinear: whorls nearly four, compressed, with a

distinct suture; last whorl ventricose: aperture subovate:

labrum very sharp, but thickened much a little behind the

edge: columella dilated and thickened: region around the

umbilicus much excavated: umbilicus small.

Mean divergence about 90°; length .17 inch; breadth

18 inch; length of spire .04 inch.

The generic character of this species is doubtful. It resem-

bles a small NaARica.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the sand.

LITTORINA. Panama Shells. 397

236. Littorima fasciata.

Synonymy.

Littorina fasciata Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 139. 1839.

— Siebold in Wiegm. Archiv. p. 209. 1839.

Phil. Abbild. II. p. 37. pl. 5. f. 1, 2. Apr. 1847.

Station—This species was found, with LZ. varia, Sowb., on

the trunks and branches of small trees, which were growing

between half tide and high water levels.

Habitat.—Pacific Ocean? Gray.

Tumbez, Peru; Cuming! Philippi.

Panama; C. Bs A, |

160 specimens were collected.

237. Littorima (?) foveata. Nov. sp.

Shell globose conic: dingy white, with a very broad dark

brown spiral stripe occupying the middle of the last and more

or less of the upper whorls: with several inequidistant spiral

raised lines: apex subacute: spire with the outlines moderately

curvilinear: whorls nearly four, subangular, with a distinet

suture; last whorl angular below the middle: aperture sub-

ovate: labrum very sharp, but much thickened a little behind

the edge: columella dilated and thickened: region around the

umbilicus much excavated, and forming with the umbilicus a

funnel-shaped pit.

Mean divergence about 80°; length .19 inch; breadth .15

inch; length of spire .08 inch.

The generic character of this species is doubtful. It may pos-

sibly be a NARICA.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found in the sand.

398 Panama Shells. LITTORINIDZ.

238. Littorima (?) megasoma. Nov. sp.

Shell obliquely ovoid : dingy white : with eight or nine small

spiral ridges, of which three are seen on the spire; with very

coarse deep regular transverse striz: apex acute: spire very

small, with the outlines nearly rectilinear: whorls three, angu-

lar, with an excavated suture: last whorl very large and

obliquely dilated: aperture subelliptical, with the margin con-

tinuous and thin: umbilical region well defined by the ante-

rior spiral ridge, well excavated, and forming with the umbilicus

a funnel-shaped pit.

Mean divergence about 135°; length .09 inch; breadth .09

fhch ; length of spire .035 inch.

This species also is referred to Littorina with much hesitation :

it approaches Narica more nearly than any of the species which

we have mentioned as resembling that genus.

Station. —Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the sand.

239. Littorina parvula?

Synonymy.

2 Littorina parvula Phil. in Zeitschr. Malak. vol. for 1848.

p- 149. - - - - - March 1849.

If our shell is distinct from Philippi’s species, it may take

the name of L. dubiosa, with the following description.

Shell conoid: blue, whitish next below the suture and an-

teriorly, with oblique brown bars on the whitish parts; very

dark brown inside, spotted with brown and white in the labrum :

with several impressed spiral lines, which are more or less indis-

tinct on the spire and on the middle of the last whorl, and of

which one next above the angle of the last whorl is deeper :

apex subacute: spire with the outlines moderately curvilinear:

LITTORINA. Panama Shells. 899

whorls nearly six, a little convex, with a distinct suture; last

whorl angular: aperture ovate, acute above, slightly effuse :

columellar lip slightly flattened and dilated.

Mean divergence about 55°; length .25 inch; breadth .17

inch.

Some of the more strongly striated and colored individuals

resemble the young of Z. aspera, but the spire is always less

acute.

Station—In the cavities of a rough ledge of rocks, at and

above high water mark.

Habitat—Panama; EH. B. Philippi! Philippi.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

600 specimens were taken at Taboga.

240. Littorima pulchra.

Synonymy.

Litiorina pulchra Sowb. Gen. No, 37. f. 2, 3. 1824.

Griff. An. King. Moll. pl. 1. f. 3. 1834.

Turbo pulcher Swains. Malac. p. 207. f. 39. 1840.

Littorina pulchra Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 222. f. 23. 1842.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 208. No. 7.

(Desh.ed.) - - ° - : 1843.

wa Lain. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 574.

No. 7. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - 1844.

———- Phil. Abbild. II. pl. 1. f. 1. Aug. 1846.

Reeve Elem. Conch. pl. 12. f. 60. 1848?

Station— We found this species on mangrove trees, in a very

dense thicket, which was growing from a soil of black unctuous

mud a little below high water mark.

Habitat—Unknown ; Deshayes.

“Panama, West coast of Columbia ;” Philippi.

Pacific; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

400 Panama Shells. LITTORINID&.

This species is probably rare. With much labor we obtained

11 specimens in the mangrove thicket, which is about two

miles east of Panama. Some of them are fully equal in size and

beauty to the specimen which is figured by Dr. Philippi. The

largest is 1.55 inch long and 1.15 inch wide.

241. Littorina puncticulata.

Synonymy.

Littorina puncticulata Phil. Abbild. IL. pl. 4. f. 15. March 1847.

Station.—On fragments of rocks at high water mark.

Habttat—Real Llejos ; Philippi.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

80 specimens were collected.

242, Littorima varia.

Synonymy.

Littorina varia Sowb. Gen. No. 37. f. 4. 1824.

Reeve Syst. Conch. pl. 222. f. 4. 1842.

——-— —— Phil. Abbild. II. Pl. 1. ft 2, 3. Aug. 1846.

Station.—This species was found on the trunks and branches

of small trees which were growing between half tide and high

water levels.

Habitat Panama ; Sowerby.

Panama, Guayaquil, Cusma (Peru); Philippi.

“Chiloé (?) nach eimer brieflichen Angabe von

Herrn Petit ;” Philippi.

Peru; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

300 specimens were collected.

Since, this species inhabits the middle regions of the marine

zoological province on the west side of tropical America, it is

extremely improbable that it should also inhabit a region in so

RISSOA. Panama Shells. 401

remote a latitude as Chiloé. Dr. Philippi has, therefore, with

much reason, quoted with doubt the statement of M. Petit.

243. Rissoa clandestina. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate conic: dingy white: with, on each whorl,

about eighteen or nineteen stout prominent compressed ribs,

which are continued to the anterior extremity: apex acute:

spire with the outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls seven,

moderately convex: with a well impressed suture: last whorl

rather large: aperture large, oblique, moderately effuse at both

extremities: labrum much advanced along the middle, much

thickened with a broad varix: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 30°; length .115 inch; breadth .05

inch ; length of spire .07 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Hatitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

244. Rissoa firmata. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate conic: dingy white: with, on each whorl,

about twelve very stout, prominent, rather acute ribs, which

are continued to the anterior extremity : apex acute: spire with

the outlines curvilinear: whorls seven, convex, with a well

impressed suture: last whorl rather large: aperture oblique,

subovate, effuse at both extremities: labrum well advanced

along the middle, thickened with a broad stout rib: umbilicus

wanting.

Mean divergence about 30°; length .185 inch; breadth .075

inch; length of spire .13 inch.

Station. —Unknown.

Habitat— Panama; ©. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the sand.

402 Panama Shells. LITTORINID A.

245. Rissoa fortis. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate conic: white: with, on each whorl, about

twenty-two to twenty-four stout prominent approximate ribs,

which converge at the anterior extremity, where they become

very small: apex acute: spire with the outlines curvilinear:

whorls ten, slightly shouldered, moderately convex, with a well

impressed suture; last whorl ventricose: aperture oblique,

ovate, retreating above, deeply effuse: labrum much advanced

in the lower half, very thick: labium thick: umbilicus want-

ing.

Mean divergence about 33°; length .29 inch; breadth .12

inch; length of spire .185 inch.

This species resembles #. ambigua Gould, and is very different

from Rissovna Inca Orb.

Station.—Under stones near low water mark.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

31 specimens were collected.

246. Rissoa (?) Imconspicua. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate conic: white: with several spiral ridges, of which

two or three are seen on the spire: with about twelve or four-

teen transyerse narrow ridges, which are obsolete anteriorly:

apex subacute: spire with curvilinear outlines: whorls four,

very convex, with a deep suture: last whorl rather ventricose,

short: aperture orbicular, scarcely effuse: lip well thickened:

with a very minute umbilicus. Perhaps this species should

have been referred to CINGULA.

Mean divergence about 55°; length .045 inch: breadth .08

inch ; length of spire .032 inch.

Station—Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

RISSOA. Panama Shelis. 408

247, Rissoa infrequems. Nov. sp.

Shell very long, ovate conic: white: with, on each whorl,

sixteen very obtuse slightly elevated indistinct ribs, which are

separated only by strive, and a few microscopic revolving striz :

apex subacute: spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear :

whorls seven, contracted above, otherwise convex or subangular

with a moderately impressed suture ; last whorl long, subangu-

lar: aperture oblique, subovate, scarcely effuse: labrum much

excurved, well thickened: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 28°; length .24 inch; breadth .075

inch; length of spire .18 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

248. Rissoa Jamus. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate conic: white: anteriorly with fine crowded

spiral strize ; elsewhere covered with small crowded transverse

ribs, which on the last whorl appear merely as transverse striz

becoming obsolete near the periphery : apex acute: spire with

the outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls nine, moderately

convex, with a lightly impressed suture: aperture large, oblique,

moderately effuse below, more deeply effuse above: labrum

much advanced along the middle, thickened by a broad stout

varix : umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 80°; length .19 inch; breadth .07

inch; length of spire .115 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2, specimens were found in the sand.

Var. a is larger, being .24 inch long.

404 Panama Shells. LITTORINID &.

249. Rissoa notabilis. Nov. sp.

Shell long ovate-conic: white: with, on each whorl, about

fourteen transverse very prominent ribs, which have concave

summits; with four spiral keels, of which the upper two are

more distant and are seen on the spire on each side of the

suture; the transverse ribs are smaller in the parts between the

second and third keels, and are obsolete below the third: apex

subobtuse, smooth and shining: spire with the outlines recti-

linear except near the apex: whorls six, abruptly shouldered,

planulate, with the suture subcanaliculate: aperture ovate:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 24°; length .06 inch; breadth .027

inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

250. Rissoa scalariformis. Nov. sp.

Shell elongate, ovate conic: dingy white: with, on each

whorl, eleven stout prominent acute compressed ribs, which are

continuous on the successive whorls; covered with microscopic

spiral strize, which ascend the sides of the ribs but are obsolete

on their summits: apex acute: spire with the outlines mode-

rately curved: whorls eight, convex, with a well impressed

suture: aperture obliquely ovate, effuse above and below:

labrum moderately thickened, well excurved and produced

along the middle.

Mean divergence about 83°; length .13 inch; breadth .05

inch; length of spire .08 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Halitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in sand.

CINGULA. Panama Shells. 405

251. Rissoa

- Sp. indet.

The sculpture of this shell shows it to be distinct from any

others which we have enumerated: but the apex and the lip

are both defective in the single specimen found at Panama.

Family —TROCHID A,

252. Cimgula (?) inconspicua. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate fusoid: white: with several spiral ridges, of which

four are seen on the penult whorl, and of which the upper two

are less prominent; anteriorly the ridges are also less promi-

nent; with transverse ridges decussating the upper spiral ridges

and terminating at the third: apex subacute: spire with the

outlines a little curvilinear: whorls five, a little convex, with

a well impressed suture; last whorl small: aperture small,

ovate, acute above: labrum rather thin: labium well developed :

umbilical region a little indented.

Mean divergence about 30°; length .065 inch; breadth .085

inch; length of spire .045 inch.

Some authors would refer this species to Rissoa: but the aper-

ture is Turbinoid rather than Melanoid.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

253. Cimngula paupercula. Nov. sp.

Shell conoid: dingy white, sometimes with a pale brown spt-

ral stripe on the middle of the whorls: surface smooth: apex

subacute: spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear: whorls

five, planulate, with a well impressed suture: aperture broadly

ovate: labrum slightly thickened: labium well developed :

umbilicus very minute.

406 Panama Shells. TROCHIDA.

Mean divergence about 33°; length .085 inch; breadth .05

inch ; length of spire .058 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

4 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

254. Cingula (?) terebellum. Nov.sp.

Shell subcylindric: white: with four very prominent com-

pressed acute spiral keels, of which two are seen on the spire:

apex subacute : spire with the outlines moderately curvilinear :

whorls six, slightly convex, with an indistinct suture; last

whorl small: aperture small, ovate, acute above: labrum thin:

labium indistinct: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 28°; length .08 inch; breadth .04

inch; length of spire .055 inch.

Station. Unknown.

Habitat.— Panama; CO. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the calcareous sand.

255. Cingula (%) turrita. Nov. sp.

Shell conic, elongate: white: with numerous prominent com-

pressed transverse ribs, which terminate a little above the su-

ture, where they are crossed by a spiral raised line; anteriorly

with two or three spiral ridges: apex acute: spire with the out-

lines nearly rectilinear : whorls six, above abruptly shouldered,

planulate, with the suture in a broad groove, which is continued

along the periphery of the last whorl: aperture small, ovate,

acute above, very slightly effuse: labrum thin : umbilical region

with a very minute indentation.

Mean divergence about 80°; length .08 inch; breadth .033

inch; length of spire .024 inch,

Station.—Unknown.

ADEORBIS. Panama Shells. 407

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the sand.

256. Litiopa (?) saxicola. Nov. sp.

Shell long ovate conic: pale horn color, subtransparent: sur-

face covered with deep regular crowded spiral strie; apex

acute: spire with the outlines slightly curvilinear: whorls five,

convex, with a well impressed suture; last whorl rather ventri-

cose: aperture broadly ovate, acute above: labrum thin: labium

with a distinct deposit: umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 45°; length .14 inch; breadth .075

inch ; length of spire .07 inch.

The generic character of this species is doubtful. The shell

has the appearance of a Lztiopa, but the station is that of Cingula,

to which Dr. Gould is inclined to refer it. We leave it doubtfal,

until the soft parts shall have been examined.

Station.—Under stones at low water mark.

Hlalntat—Panama; C. B. A.!

7 specimens were found on the reef.

257. Adeorbis (?) abjecta. Noy. sp.

Shell subglobular: sometimes wholly of a yellowish white or

wholly of a dingy black, or partly of each color: with several

stout spiral raised lines and more or less distinct intermediate

strie on the upper part of the whorls: apex subacute : spire

small, much eroded in mature shells: whorls three or more, con-

vex, with a distinct suture ; last whorl ventricose: aperture

effuse, nearly semicircular, the inner lip being straight: umbili-

cus small.

Mean divergence about 110°; length .1 inch; breadth .09

inch ; length of spire .045 inch.

A. scaber Phil., from Panama, is described as having sublam-

ellar striz of growth and an acute periphery of the last whorl.

Our shell resembles Littorina porcata Phil. of the Gallapago Is.

408 Panama Shells. TROCHID&.

Station.—Unknown.

Hlabitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

40 specimens were found in the sand.

VITRINELLA.—The number of species and the scarcity

of individuals in this genus of minute shells is remarkable. To

the 5 species from Jamaica, of which the genus was originally

constituted, we now add 12 from Panama. It will be seen,

however, that we have only 60 specimens, of which 24 belong

to one species, and 18 to another.

258. Witrimella comncinna. Nov. sp.

Shell discoidal: white: with five prominent acute spiral

keels, of which one is next below the suture: the second is

about equidistant between the suture and the periphery of the

last whorl; the third is a little below the periphery ; the fourth

is on the middle of the lower side of the last whorl; and the

fifth is within the umbilicus; with a more or less distinct ridge

between the first two keels; with curved transverse elevated

lines, which become obsolete on the last half of the last whorl:

apex minute, papillary: spire nearly flat: whorls three and

one-half: planulate above, with the suture subcanaliculate ; last

whorl declining near the aperture below the plane of the spire:

aperture orbicular, very oblique: lip moderately thickened,

slightly angulated by the keels: umbilicus broad and deep.

Divergence about 175°; greatest breadth .062 inch; least

breadth .05 inch; height .03 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat— Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

259. Witrimella exigua, Nov. sp.

Shell subdiscoidal: white: on the periphery of the last whorl

VITRINELLA. Panama Shells. 408

is a keel, which is visible on a small part of the penult whorl,

and then runs into the suture; with another somewhat less

prominent keel below the periphery, and a third, which is

nearly obsolete, around the umbilicus; with not very distinct

transverse raised lines, which are most developed between the

two lower keels: apex obtuse: spire convex, slightly elevated :

whorls nearly three, with a well impressed suture, very convex

above so as to simulate a moderately developed carina; last

whorl concave on each side of the periphery: aperture orbi-

cular: labrum slightly thickened, modified by the ends of the

spiral keels; umbilicus very narrow, deep.

Mean divergence about 170°; greatest breadth .045 inch;

least breadth .036 inch; height .021 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama.—C. B. A.!

7 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

260. Witrimella Jamus. Nov. sp.

Shell subdiscoidal: white: with four very narrow acute

spiral keels, of which one on the periphery is very prominent,

another a little below the periphery is less prominent, and

the other two, on the middle of the upper and lower sides,

are moderately developed; with minute spiral striz within

the lower keel; otherwise with transverse strive, which are

interrupted by the keels: apex prominent; spire moderately

elevated: whorls three and one-third, with a distinct suture :

aperture orbicular, very oblique: lip slightly thickened, angu-

lated by the keels: umbilicus deep.

Mean divergence 160°; greatest breadth .068 inch; least

breadth .06 inch ; height .03 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

JULY, 1852. 36 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hisr-

410 Panama Shells. TROCHIDA.

261. Witrimella minuta. Nov. sp.

Shell discoidal: dingy white, shining: with excessively

minute transverse striz : apex obtuse : spire scarcely elevated :

whorls nearly three, depressed above, with a well impressed

suture ; last whorl much depressed, subangular at the periphery :

aperture rather large, orbicular: labrum slightly thickened :

umbilicus rather deep, nearly covered.

Mean divergence about 170°; greatest breadth .042 inch;

least breadth .036 inch; height .017 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

4 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

262. Witrimella modesta. Nov. sp.

Shell discoidal: dingy white, translucent: with a spiral

elevated line next below the suture, and a spiral keel around

the umbilicus; with few microscopic spiral strize about the

periphery of the last whorl: apex not prominent: spire a little

elevated and regularly convex: whorls three and one-half, with

the suture distinct: aperture orbicular: umbilicus deep.

Mean divergence 170°: greatest breadth .06 inch; least

breadth .05 inch; height .028 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A,!

1 specimen was obtained.

263. WVitrinella Panamensis. Nov. sp.

Shell subdiscoidal: white: with a stout spiral keel on each

side of the periphery of the last whorl, and two others on the

lower side of the shell, of which one next to the umbilicus is

slightly prominent; with transverse rather distant curved ribs:

apex obtuse: spire convex, but little elevated: whorls a little

VITRINELLA. Panama Sheils. 411

more than three, convex above and concave below the middle,

with a distinct suture: aperture orbicular: labrum angulated

externally by the spiral ridges, a little thickened: umbilicus

deep, narrow. A variety has the ridge around the umbilicus

well developed.

Mean divergence about 160°; greatest breadth .07 inch ;

least breadth .06 inch; height .04 inch.

Statton.— Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

24 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

264. Vitrimella parva. Nov. sp.

Shell subdiscoidal: white: with numerous stout prominent

transverse ribs; with, on each side of the periphery of the last

whorl, a not very prominent keel, of which the upper one is

visible on the spire: apex very obtuse: spire convex, slightly

elevated: whorls three and a half, angular above, concave

between the angle and the keel, with the suture not very dis-

tinct ; last whorl very large: aperture orbicular, very oblique

in consequence of the advance of the labrum above: lip

slightly thickened: umbilicus deep, narrow. This species

resembles V. Panamensis.

Mean divergence about 160°; greatest ae 047 inch ;

least breadth .04 inch; height .026 inch.

Station—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

18 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

265. Witrimnella perparva. Nov. sp.

Shell subdiscoidal: white: with a very prominent acute

spiral keel on each side of the periphery of the last whorl, and

a less prominent one around the umbilicus; with transverse

412 Panama Shells. TROCHIDA.

wrinkles, which are obsolete on the upper part of the whorls ;

apex obtuse: spire flat: whorls nearly three, moderately con-

vex, with a distinct suture; last whorl very large: aperture

orbicular, very oblique: lip slightly thickened: umbilicus

deep.

Mean divergence 180°; greatest breadth .037 inch; least

~ breadth .031 inch; height .015 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

8 specimens were found in the caleareous sand.

266. Witrwimelia reguiaris. Nov. sp.

Shell subdiscoidal: pearl white: smooth and shining, with

an. impressed spiral line just below the suture: apex subacute:

spire convex, moderately elevated: whorls four and one-half,

convex, with a distinct suture; last whorl somewhat ventri-

cose: aperture nearly orbicular: lip thin: umbilical region

deeply indented.

Mean divergence about 120°; greatest breadth .07 inch;

least breadth .06 inch; height .05 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the calcareous sand.

267. Witrimella seminuda. Nov. sp.

Shell discoidal: white: above with excessively minute striz

of growth; beneath covered with spiral strize: apex obtuse :

spire scarcely elevated, convex: whorls three, moderately con-

vex, with a distinct suture; last whorl with the periphery sub-

angular: aperture orbicular, very oblique: lip thin: umbilicus

narrow, deep.

VITRINELLA. Panama Shells. 413

Mean divergence about 170°; greatest breadth .062 inch;

least breadth .053 inch; height .32 inch.

Station.—-Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the calcareous sand.

268. Witrimella tricarinata. Nov. sp.

Shell subdiscoidal: white: with three prominent spiral keels,

one on the periphery of the last whorl, and one on each side of

it, of which the upper one is visible on the spire: with some

irregular transverse striz : spirally striate within the umbilicus:

apex subacute: spire convex, a little elevated: whorls three,

depressed above and compressed below the keel, with a distinct

suture: aperture oblique, orbicular, angulated by the keels:

umbilicus wide and deep.

Mean divergence about 150°; greatest breadth .072 inch;

least breadth .065 inch; height .035 inch.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat.-—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the calcareous sand.

269. Vitrimella valvatoides. Nov. sp.

Shell discoidal: whitish, sub-transparent: last whorl with a

prominent keel above, which is visible on the spire, with

another prominent keel beneath, and a third, less developed,

around the umbilicus: spire concave: whorls three, concave

above the keel, with a distinct suture: last whorl subangular at

the periphery : umbilicus wide and deep.

Greatest breadth .1 inch ; least breadth .075 inch; height .04

inch.

Station —Unknown.

414 Panama Shells. TROCHIDZ.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

270. Solarium. Sp. indet. a.

This species closely resembles S. granulatum ; it differs from

S. quadriceps Hinds in having the lower series of tubercles not

so large as the upper series: the umbilicus is not so open as in

S. granulatum.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat— Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were obtained.

271. Solarium. Sp. indet. 6.

This species is eminent for the beauty both of its coloring

and of its sculpture. It resembles the preceding, and belongs

to a group of closely allied species of which several have been

described by Dr. Philippi, Mr. Hinds, and others. But few

have yet been figured. This also differs from S. quadriceps in

having the upper girdle larger than the lower one.

Station.— Unknown.

Hoabitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were obtained.

272. Solarium. Sp. indet. c.

This is a small species, finely granulated, of a dark brown

color, with the last whorl very convex beneath.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We found 6 specimens in the sand.

273. Trochus catenulatus.

Synonymy.

Trochus catenulatus Phil. in Kiist. Conch. Cab. p. 110. pl. 18. f. 4. 1847.

TROCHUS. Panama Shells. 415

Trochus (Monodonta) catenulatus Menke in Zeitschr. f. Malak. vol.

for 1850. p. 173. - - Apr. 1851.

This species belongs to the subgenus Mopuuus. Its Carib-

bean analogue is 7: angulatus Ad.

Station. — Unknown.

Hakitat.—Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

28 specimens were collected in various states of preserva-

tion.

274. 'Trochus coronulatus. Nov. sp.

Shell conic, moderately elevated, thick: dingy white, with

broad reddish brown oblique flammules, with the nodules pale

red: with minutely undulated spiral raised lines: anteriorly

with four or five larger raised lines: with, on the periphery of

the last whorl, two spiral nodulous keels, of which one appears

on the spire: with a series of larger nodules on the shouldered

margin of the whorls: spire with the outlines moderately curvi-

linear: apex subacute: whorls six, planulate above the keels,

with the suture broadly and deeply canaliculate: aperture

nearly orbicular: labrum much advanced in the upper part:

columella bidentate: umbilicus one third as wide as the aper-

ture, reaching to the apex.

Mean divergence about 90°; length .55 inch ; greatest breadth

.72 inch; least breadth .6 inch.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

We found 2 specimens.

275. Trochus Leanus. Nov. sp.

Shell conic, well elevated: pale yellowish or reddish brown,

with broad dark brown oblique flammules; anteriorly some-

what articulated with red and yellowish white in fine con-

416 Panama Shelis. TROCHID&.

centric lines: with many elevated granulous spiral lines, of

which three larger are next above the suture: spire with the

outlines nearly rectilinear: apex acute: whorls nine, planulate

or concave next below the suture, very convex or suban-

gular next above the suture, which is moderately impressed ;

last whorl subplanulate anteriorly: aperture subquadrate :

labrum thin : columella obliquely produced, nearly straight:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 60°; length .48 inch; greatest

breadth .44 inch; least breadth .4 inch.

Station.— Under stones at low water mark.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

7 specimens were collected on the reef. We have named

this pretty species in honor of Isaac Lea, Esq., of Philadelphia.

276. TWrochus lima.

Synonymy.

Trochus lima Phil. in Zeitschr. f. Malak. vol. for 1849.

p-. 159. ae be - - - = Mar. 1850.

— Phil. in Kiist. Conch. Cab. pl. 44. f. 15. 1850.

Station.—Under stones, between the low water mark of the

spring tides and that of the neap tides.

Habitat.— Unknown ; Philippi.

Santa Barbara; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 75 specimens on the reef.

277. Twochus lividus.

Synonymy.

Trochus tidus Phil. in Zeitschr. f. Malak. vol. for 1849,

p. 168. - - - - - - Mar. 1850.

—— Phil. in Kiist. Conch. Cab. pl. 45. f. 8. 1850.

This species belongs to the subgenus MopuLUs.

TROCHUS. Panama Shells. 417

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Unknown; Philippi.

Acapulco; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We found 3 specimens.

278. Trochus Panamensis.

Synonymy.

Trochus Panamensis Phil. in Zeitschr. f. Malak. p. 127. Aug. 1848.

- Phil. in Kiist. Conch. Cab. pl. 44. f. 16. 1850.

Fresh specimens are very dark colored; but by exposure the

shell fades to a red color, as in Kiister’s figure.

Station.—Under stones at low water mark.

Habitat—Panama; HK. B. Philippi! Philippi.

Panama; C. B. A.!

65 specimens were collected on the reef.

279. Twrochus pellis-serpentis.

Synonymy.

Trochus pellis-serpentis Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 5. f. 4. 1828.

Turbo ——- Valence. in Humb. Ree. Obs. II. 273. 1833.

Trochus strigilatus Phil. Abbild. I. pl. 2. f. 9. Nov. 1848.

pellis-serpentis Phil. Abbild. I. Index.

—_—___ —_————- Kist. Conch. Cab. p. 105, pl. 17. f.4. 1849 %

Station.—On or under rocks and large stones near half tide

level. When the tide retires, these animals crawl around over

the surfaces of stones and rocks, beneath which they retire

after the surfaces become dry. They are therefore collected

most easily when following the tide out. We saw them in the

greatest numbers and most active at twilight.

Habitat—Panama; Wood: also Jay.

418 Panama Shells. TROCHID ZA.

Acapulco; Humboldt & Bonpland! Valenciennes.

California; Philippi.

West Coast of Mexico and Central America;

Kiister.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

On the reef at Panama we collected 5 specimens; at Taboga

we collected 500.

280. Trochus reticulatus.

Synonymy.

Trochus reticulatus Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 6. f. 38. 1828.

Kiist. Conch. Cab. pl. 14. f. 10. 1847.

Station.—Under stones at the low water mark of the neap

tides.

Habitat Unknown ; Wood.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 600 specimens on the reef.

TURBO.—The difference between the shells of Turbo and

of Trochus is of little value. The peculiarities of form, which

distinguish these genera, are not only inconsiderable and ill

defined, but they are also unaccompanied with corresponding

differences in the texture, sculpture, or other characters of the

shells, or in the characters of the soft parts of the animals. A

great number of other genera present in each a difference of

outline equal to that which here is made the ground of generic

distinction.

The calcareous and the horny opercula present a well defined

character. This distinction, however, is not accompanied by

corresponding differences in the shells and in the soft parts, and

therefore cannot be regarded as of much zoological value. But

on account of its convenience we shall for the present distin-

guish these genera by this character.

TURBO. Panama Shells. 419

281. Turbo Buschii.

Synonymy.

Trochus Buschii Phil. Abbild. I. pl. 3. f. 3. 4. Jan. 1844.

Kiist. Conch. Cab. pl. 32. f. 1. 1849.

emermis Kiener Iconog. pl. 14. f. 2. 1851.

According to Dr. Philippi, this species is commonly mistaken

for 7. imermis. Kiener has figured the Panama shell as 7.

mermis, and a very different species as 7. Buschit ; v. pl. 81.f. 1.

On account of the solid calcareous operculnm, we have removed

the species into Turbo.

Station.—On or under stones between the low water mark of

the neap tides and that of the spring tides.

Habitat—Panama; Philippi.

Panama; EH. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 180 specimens on the reef.

Dr. Philippi cites Von dem Busch as authority for the

habitat, but not, we suppose, as original testimony.

282. Turbo (?) phasianella. Nov. sp. ?

Shell ovate conoid: color various, mostly red or brown, some-

times uniform, frequently in dark flammules on a light ground,

sometimes with spiral darker stripes or series of spots: surface

covered with strong spiral striz: apex subacute: spire conoid,

with the outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls five, convex,

with a distinct suture: aperture broad ovate, subeffuse : labrum

thin: umbilicus very small.

Mean divergence about 64°; length .16 inch; breadth .11

inch; length of spire .08 inch.

Operculum calcareous, very thick and solid. But for the

want of a polished surface, this species would have been referred

to Phasianella. It may be a Trochus. It may be Littorina

phasianella Phil. in Zeitschr. Malak. 1848. p. 149.

420 Panama Shells. TROCHID.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

In the calcareous sand we collected 112 specimens in various

stages of growth.

283. Turbo rutilus. Nov. sp.

Shell trochiform, well elevated: bright red, with pale, ill

defined transverse streaks: with very numerous small very

oblique subnodulous ridges on the spire, which are traversed by

two or three small spiral grooves on the lower half of the

whorls; anteriorly with six to eight narrow deep inequidistant

spiral grooves: spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear: apex

obtuse (?); whorls (seven?)* planulate, with a distinct suture;

last whorl with the periphery angular, subplanulate anteriorly :

labrum much advanced above: columellar lip very much

dilated and thickened, appressed : umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 70°; length 2.5 inches; greatest

breadth 3 inches; least breadth 2.7 inches.

Station. — Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 1 specimen on the reef. Fragments of a few

others were seen.

284. Turbo saxosus.

Synonymy.

Turbo saxosus Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 6. f. 45. 1828.

Kiener Ieonog. pl. 15. f. 2. pl. 16. f. 2.

—- Kit. Conch. Cab. p. 64. pl. 18. f. 5, 6. 1847.

—- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 14. Jan. 1848,

—- Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 49. March 1848.

— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 13. f. 14, Apr. 1848.

* Our unique specimen is imperfect.

SCALARIA. Panama Sheils. 424

Mr. Reeve, in referring only to the MSS. of a private collec-

tion for the name of this species, appears to have overlooked the

name and the tolerably correct figure in Wood’s Index. Three

extreme varieties are well represented by the figures in the

Conch. Icon. Most of our specimens are intermediate between

fig. a and fig. 6, having a second row of tubercles moderately

developed above the middle of the last whorl, with a corres-

ponding keel on the spire.

The operculum is very thick and deeply sculptured. A deep

indentation corresponds to the apex, and deep narrow furrows

occupy ares of about 300°; of these furrows, the larger is mid-

way between the apex and the margin, and three others are

exterior to it. The surface is granular, and the sides of the fur-

rows are rugose.

Station—On rocks, not far from the low water mark of the

neap tides.

Habitat—Unknown ; Wood.

West Columbia; Cuming! Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 160 specimens on the reef at Panama. Half

grown shells were numerous.

285. Scalaria hexagona.

Synonymy.

Scalaria hecagona Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p.29. Feb, 1844.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 98. No. 60. pl.

SB OTs0 | wiciwn!s AiO fad Riis 1844.

Station.—In the sands; Sowerby.

Habitat_—Acapuleo; Col. Moffat! Sowerby.

Acapulco; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

422 Panama WSheils. EULIMIDA.

286. Scalaria obtusa.

Synonymy.

Scalaria obtusa Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 29. Feb. 1844.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 98. No. 63. pl. 33.

f. 54. - 2 - - - - 1844,

Station—Sandy mud at 6 fathoms; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat.—Punta St. Hlena; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

287. Scalaria. Sp. indet. a.

2 specimens, one of which was immature, were obtained at

Panama.

288. Scalaria. Sp. indet. &.

1 specimen was obtained at Panama.

289. Scalawia. Sp. indet. c.

1 immature specimen was obtained at Panama.

Family —EULIMID &.

290. Eulima iota. Nov. sp.

Shell subulate: smooth and shining: with a microscopic line

a little below the middle of the whorls, above which line the

shell is chalcedonic white and translucent, and below which it is

transparent: apex subacute: spire much arcuated: whorls ten,

moderately convex, with a distinct suture: aperture small,

ovate, subeffuse : labrum much advanced along the middle. It

may be a STYLIFER. Mean divergence about 20°; length .08

inch; breadth .08 inch; length of spire .06 inch.

Statton.— Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

We found 1 mature and 1 young specimen. |

EULIMA. Panama Shells. 493

291. Eulima recta. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate conic: chalcedonic white, with a more

opaque and another less opaque spiral band at the upper part of

the whorls; with two minute delicate brown spots on the la-

brum, and above with several similar pairs of spots at the stages

of growth: smooth and shining, with a few very faint trans-

verse strize marking stages of growth: apex very acute: spire

with the axis straight, with the outlines nearly rectilinear :

whorls eleven, subplanulate, with the suture very indistinct ;

last whorl long, with the periphery very regularly rounded:

aperture narrow and very acute above: labrum sharp, retreating

anteriorly : columella stout, nearly straight.

Mean divergence about 21°; length .41 inch; seatete si

inch ; length of spire .285 inch.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat.—Taboga; CO. B. A.!

5 specimens were collected.

292, Eulima solitaria. Nov. sp.

Shell long, ovate conic: chalcedonic white, with a brownish

tinge above the middle of the spire: smooth and shining : apex

acute: spire with the axis nearly straight, with the outlines

nearly rectilinear: whorls eleven, planulate, with the suture

very indistinct: last whorl with the periphery very regularly

rounded: aperture ovate, acute above: labrum sharp, much

advanced along the middle into an elegantly curved edge: colu-

mella stout, slightly curved. This may be a STYLIFER.

Mean divergence about 28°; length .19 inch; breadth .005

inch ; length of spire .14 inch.

Station—On Holothuriz.

The small species of Holothuria, which is very common at

Panama and at Taboga, did not furnish any specimens. A

larger species, which is more rare, afforded one shell,

- Habitat—Taboga; C. B. A.!

424 Panama Shells. NERITIDZ.

Family—TORNATELLID 2.

293. Pywamidella. Sp. indet.

A snow white shell, of which 1 specimen was found near

Panama. It is probably a young shell, having only eight

whorls.

2904, Pyramidella comica. Nov. sp.

Shell long, regularly conic: white on the upper whorls, dark

brown on the others, with a pale spiral line just above the

suture: surface smooth and shining: apex very acute: spire

with the outlines rectilinear: whorls fourteen, flat, with the

suture in a narrow deep groove: last whorl sharply angulated

at the periphery: aperture oblique: labrum thin: columella

with three plaits, of which the one is lamelliform, and the other

two are very small.

Mean divergence, about 28°; length .52 inch; breadth .175

inch; length of spire .88 inch.

This species is remarkable for the exact conical form of the

spire.

Station. Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

Family —NERITID.

NWATICA.—We are deterred from the description of any

indeterminate species in this genus, because several species,

which belong to the same zoological province, are known to us

only by brief descriptions. Hven the species which was

obtained most plentifully, we have not been able to determine:

yet from its abundance, it must be well known. Monographs

of Natica and Nerita are now greatly to be desired.

The success with which M. Recluz has devoted himself to

this and to the allied genera is well known. By the thorough

NATICA. Panama Shells. 425

exploration of a limited field, those who have but little leisure

from other pursuits may add much to science.

295. Natica Chemnitzii.

Synonymy.

The synonymy of this species was overlooked until too late

to be completed. With the partial data now before us, it

appears to be Pfeiffer’s NV. Chemnitzw, which, and N. unifasciata,

Lam., and WN. lurida Phil., were included by Koch (Zeitschr.

fiir Malak. 1844. p. 154) in the Chemnitzian species NV. maroc-

cana, the NV. marochiensis of Gmelin, not of Lamarck. Proba-

bly it is the V. maroccana of Menke in his catalogue of Mazat-

lan shells, in Zeitschr. fiir Malak. 1847, p. 179.

Station.—On soft mud near low water mark.

Habitat.—Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

Guaymas; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst. : also Gould

MSS.

Panama: ©. B.A. |

We collected 60 specimens at the bottom of the beach next

east of Panama.

296. Natica lurida ?

Synonymy.

Natica lurida (?) Phil. in Kiist. Conch. Cab.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Taboga; C. B. A.!

8 specimens were collected.

297. Natica otis.

Synonymy.

Natica otis Brod. and Sowb. in Zool. Journ. IV. 372. 1829.

—— Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. pl. 34. f. 13. 1839.

—— Kiist. Conch. Cab. pl. 9. f. 4. 1850.

JULY, 1852. 37 Ann. Lyc, Nat. Hist.

426 Panama Shells. NERITID &.

Station—This beautiful species was found crawling on a

sand beach, a little below half tide level. Like its congeners,

it crawled half buried in the sand, leaving a furrow behind.

Habitat—Mazatlan ; Broderip and Sowerby: also Gray.

Mazatlan; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

11 specimens, mostly rather small, were taken on the north

side of a sand beach, which, except at high water, joins Taboga

to a small island on its northeast side. The specimens had

corneous opercula, but unfortunately these were destroyed by

the rats, which entered one of the boxes on their passage around

Cape Horn.

298. Natica Salangonensis ?

Synonymy.

Natica Salangonensis (?) Recl. in Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 211. Dee. 1843.

Station.— Sandy mud; Cuming! Recluz. One of our speci-

mens was taken alive in sandy mud between half tide and low

water mark.

Habitat.—Salango ; Cuming! Recluz.

Panama; C. B. A.!

10 specimens were collected.

299. Natica Souleyetiana.

Synonymy.

Natica Souleyetiana Reel. in Petit. Journ. Conch. I. 385.

pl, 14. £8. = - - - - Dee. 1850.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Pacitic Ocean? Recl.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 mature and 3 young specimens were find

NATICA. Panama Shells. 427

300. Natica virginea?

Synonymy.

Natica virginea (?) Recl. in Petit. Journ. Conch. I. 388.

pl. 12. f. 6. - - - - - Dec, 1850.

The description and figure by M. Recluz, accurately repre-

sent a small specimen of our shells, except that the very minute

crowded spiral strize are not mentioned. The outline is too

regularly rounded to correspond well with the description of

N. Panamaénsis Recl. Our largest specimen is 1.75 inch long,

and 1.4 inch wide.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Realejos : Recluz.

We collected 40 specimens, all of which were occupied by

hermit crabs.

301. Natica » Sp. indet. a.

Station.—In wet sand, from half tide to low water mark.

The tracks of this species were abundant on the beach, and led

to the discovery of numerous living specimens.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 200 specimens, mostly on the beach one mile

west of the city.

302. NMatica

« Sp. indet. 0.

Two specimens of this species were sent to me by M. Petit as

N. cora Orb. But the figures of that species in Orbigny’s Voy.

Amer. Merid. and in Kiist. Conch. Cab. represent a very

different shell with the form (extraordinary in this genus) of a

compressed cylinder; but our shells and M. Petit’s have a well

curved outline. It is a white and very solid but small species

of the mammillate group.

428 Panama Shells. NERITIDZ.

Station.—In wet sand.

Habitat.—Callao; Petit in sched.

Pabesa OB. AC

We found only 2 specimens.

303. NWatica

« Sp. indet. c.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained only 1 imperfect specimen. Jt may possibly be

a variety of NV. Hlene Recl. It scarcely differs from N. Hanetz

Recl. except in the absence of spiral striee (which a better speci-

men might.exhibit), and in the continuity of the transverse

impressed lines across the last whorl.

NERITA.— In this genus we found an incredible profusion

of individuals, all of which belong to only two species.

304. Nerita scabricosta.,

Synonymy.

Nerita scabricosta Lam. (non Delessert) An. sans Vert. VI.

Pt. 2. p. 194, No. 14. Pepi elid si

ornata Sowb. Gen. pl. 4. f. 4. 1824,

—— ————— Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 8. f. 4. 1828.

scabricosta Lam. An. sans Vert. VIII. 608. No. 14.

(Desh. Ed.) - - - - 1838.

Deshayesii Recl. in Rey. Zool. (var.) Apr. 1841.

— ornala Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 202. fi 4. 1842.

—— ——— Phil. Abbild. I. p. 1. pl. 1. f. 2. 3. Jan. 1844.

scabricosta Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. 486. No. 14.

(Desh. ed. tert.) ath este por 1844.

multiiugis Menke in Zeitsch. Mal. p. 179. Dec. 1847.

Reeve Elem. Conch. pl. 16. f. 86.

— scabricosta Recl. in Petit. Journ. Conch. I. 287. 410.

|) ES eB - - - - Sep. 1850.

By some mistake J. costata appears to have been figured in

Deless. Rec. for this Lamarckian species.

NERITA. Panama Shells. 429

Most of our specimens are of a uniform jet black color, with

the exception of the eroded spire. Some are sparingly mottled

with cream colored spots, and a few specimens have some small

bright red spots on or near the labrum. Several are elegantly

banded with narrow or broad spiral stripes of cream or orange

colors. The young are more or less profusely mottled with

white, grey, and greyish black.

Station.—On rocks between high water and three-quarter

tide levels. They are especially disposed to collect in the

crevices of rocks. The young are commonly seen crawling

above high water mark, where the rocks and stones are wet

with spray.

Habitat—Unknown ; Lamarck: also Wood.

Real Llejos; Sowerby : also Recluz.

California; Philippi.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

I. of Timor; Recluz.

West Coast of South America; Petit.

Panama; Jay.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 400 specimens on the reef.

Probably the statement of habitat (I. of Timor,) by Recluz is

erroneous. It was taken from the label of the Lamarckian

specimen (long supposed to be unique) in the Massena Collee-

tion.

305. Nerita

This may be M. Bernhardi Recl., which is said to inhabit

Panama, but we have not seen the description of that species.

- Sp. indet. a.

Station.—On rocks and stones from half tide level to the low

water mark of neap tides.

We collected 2,800 specimens.

430 Panama Shells. NERITIDZ.

306. Neritina Guayaquilensis.

Synonymy.

Neritina Guayaquilensis Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 520.

No. 44. pl. 114.f177. — - - 1849.

This may, according to Recluz, be identical with WN. inter-

media Sowb. It is certainly identical with shells which have

been distributed by Mr. Cuming and by Mr. Petit under the

latter name. Mr. Sowerby’s figures, however, seem to repre-

sent two species.

Station.—This shell was found a little above the highest tides,

among sticks and leaves, in a muddy place overflowed by fresh

water.

Habitat—Real Llejos, Guayaquil; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; 4G. .5. A.)!

Two miles east of Panama we collected 90 specimens in vari-

ous stages of growth.

307. Neritina picta.

Synonymy.

Neritina picta (non Hening) Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soe.

Lond. p. 201. - - Dec. 1832.

ee Desh. ain .Lanl. An. sans Vert. VILL 588.

No. 40. - - - - 1838.

———— ———— Sowh. Concise Ll: No. § 35. pl. 86. f if 1841.

SS Desh. in Lame An. sans Verte Westen, 2.

p- 479. No. 40. (Ed. tert.) - - - 1844,

—— Thes. Conch. p. 530. pl. 116. f. 267-9. 1849.

Station—On a mud bank partially overflowed with fresh

water; Cuming! Sowerby ; “ Dans les eaux douces ; Cuming!”

Deshayes. On sticks and stones, in a grove of trees, a little

above halftide level: also in dirty places on rocks at or a

little below half tide level. According to our observations it

is strictly marine.

Halitat—Panama; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; Recluz: also Jay.

PEDIPES. Panama Sheils. 431

San Miguel; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.

Panama; C. B. A.!

290 specimens were collected. The specimens which Lieut.

Green collected are of extraordinary size.

Family—AURICULID&.

308. Pedipes angulata. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate globose: dark brownish red, white in the aper-

ture: solid; with crowded wrinkled unequal raised spiral

lines, which are much finer on the upper part of the whorls,

and which on the middle of the whorls are larger, and are dis-

posed with one or two smaller lines between the larger lines:

apex subacute: spire with the outlines somewhat curvilinear;

whorls a little more than four, very angular, concave above the

angle, imbricately appressed at the suture; last whorl large and

ventricose, subangular below the middle : aperture subelliptical :

labrum very sharp, sinuated by the angle on the whorls, a little

within much thickened by a white callus, which is interrupted

at the angle, and next below it, is developed into a long tooth :

columella expanded with a broad flat surface, with two acute

transverse plaits, of which the lower one is smaller: labium

with a very large lamelliform spiral plait above the columella :

umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 90°; length .25 inch; breadth .19

inch; length of spire .1 inch.

Station.—Under stones at high water mark.

Halitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 90 specimens at the foot of the sea wall at

Panama. ‘This and the two species of Truncatella were found

only in one place less than two yards in diameter.

Mr. Cuming obtained at Iquiqui a very small species of

Pedipes, which has not been described. We believe that these

two are the only known species in this zoological province.

432 Panama Shells. AURICULID&.

AURICULA.—Hight species of this genus were found,

and two of these occurred abundantly; but we have been

able to determine only two of the less common species. The

number of known species in the genus is very considerable, yet

very few appear to be known which belong to the same zoolo-

gical province in which Panama is situated. ‘Two rather large

species were collected by Mr. Cuming in West Columbia, and

were described by M. Petit in the Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1842.

309. Auricula acuta.

Synonymy.

Auricula acuta Orb. in Guerin Mag. Zool. p. 23. 1835.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 326. pl. 42.

f, 4-6. - - = = - = - 1846.

Marinula Recluziana Cuming in sched. 1852.

Station.—Near brackish water; M. Fontaine! Orbigny.

Under stones near high water mark.

Habitat Near Guayaquil; M. Fontaine! Orbigny.

West Columbia; Cuming! in sched.

Panama: C: B.A!

Only 1 mature and 2 young specimens were obtained.

310. Auricula concinna. Nov. sp.

Shell ellipsoidal: blackish brown, paler on the convexity of

the last whorl, with a yellowish white spiral band on the last

whorl issuing from beneath the suture; with the plaits and

callus in the aperture white: smooth and shining: apex acute:

spire with the outlines very curvilinear: whorls five, convex,

imbricately appressed, with the suture moderately impressed ;

last whorl long: aperture narrow and very acute above, much

contracted by the plaits: labrum sharp, in the lower part much

thickened within by a broad thick deposit: plaits three, of which

the lower one is very oblique, and the upper one is very large,

AURICULA. Panama Shells. 433

coneave on the lower side, and on the upper side extended

to the summit of the aperture with a transversely ridged

surface.

Mean divergence about 80° ; length .82 inch; breadth .2

inch; length of spire .09 inch.

Station.—Our specimens were found mostly on the short

suckers, which were growing up thickly beneath the mangroves,

near high water mark.

Habitat—Panama ; OC. B. A.!

We collected 74 specimens two and one-half miles east of

Panama.

311. Auricula imfrequems. Nov. sp.

Shell ellipsoidal: brown, with a pale ill-defined spiral band a

little below the suture: with fine striee of growth: apex acute :

spire with the outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls SIX,

obtusely shouldered, with a deep suture ; last whorl compressed :

aperture subelliptical, rather wide: labrum very thin: with two

plates, of which one is at the anterior part of the aperture and

is oblique, and the other is transverse and is at the middle.

Mean divergence about 80°; length .23 inch; breadth .15

inch ; length of spire .1 inch.

Station.—Under stones, near high water mark.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 6 specimens, in company with Pedipes angulata,

at the base of the sea wall of Panama.

312. Auricula Pamamensis. Nov. sp.

Shell long ovate: blackish red throughout except that the

plaits are white : smooth and shining, with a few microscopic

spiral striae near the apex: apex acute: spire with the outlines

very curvilinear over the middle whorls, and nearly rectilinear

on the lower whorls: whorls eight, convex, imbricately appressed ;

434 Panama Shells. AURICULID&.

upper part of the lower whorls compressed; last whorl sub-

angular next below the compressed part: aperture rather long,

very acute above: labrum moderately thickened but not reflected :

with three plaits on the left side, of which the middle one is

larger and the lower one is the least ; sometimes with a small

toothlike plait on the right side.

The general form varies, as will be seen in the following

dimensions of two specimens, the first number expressing the

mean divergence, the second the length, the third the breadth,

and the fourth the length of the spire :—

50°; .44 inch; .17 inch; .23 inch.

DOW oNAOM hil tated ns eer action "ht

Station.—Under stones, at high water mark; or crawling

over wet stones.

Habitat. Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

650 specimens were collected near the sea wall of Panama,

where the species was most abundant.

313. Auwricula stagmalis.

Synonymy.

Auricula stagnalis Orb. in Guerin mee Zool. Synop.

p- 23.* - - . - July 1835.

SS ) Reaye/conch syste si 187. f. 9. (too narrow.) 1842.

—- — Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. p. 325. pl. 42. f. 7, 8. 1846.

— papillifera Kiist. p. 25.

stagnalis Kist. p. 70.

pl. 3. f. 9, 10, 10*.

Station.—In a marsh, and even in stagnant fresh water; M.

Fontaine! Orbigny.

Our specimens were found under a heap of stones just above

high water mark.

* The vol. of the Mag. is not paged continuously, nor are the new species of

Mollusca, which are described by D’Orbigny, enumerated in the Table Methodique.

Kiister appears to be in error when he ascribes the authorship of this article to

M. Petit.

AURICULA. Panama Shells. 435

Habitat—Guayaquil; M. Fontaine! Orbigny.

West Columbia; Cuming! Kiister.

I. of Tumaca; Cuming! in sched.

Panama; C. B. A.!

At the base of the sea wall of the city we collected 36 speci-

mens in various stages of growth. They are rather more robust

than the species is represented in the figures above cited.

314. Auricula Tabogemsis. Nov. sp.

Shell obovate: very dark brownish red, more or less rufous

on the columella, usually white on the plaits and callus within:

smooth and shining, with some fine spiral strize on the upper

whorls: apex acute: spire with the outlines very curvilinear:

whorls ten, imbricately appressed, with a distinct suture: last

whorl large : aperture long and narrow, in the right side mostly

covered by a transversely ridged callus : with three plaits on the

left side, of which the upper one is a little larger, and the two

lower are separated by a sinus.

Mean divergence about 100°; length .59 inch; breadth 86

inch ; length of spire .15 inch.

Two specimens of A. fusca Phil., which we have received

from M. Petit, are more angular in the upper part of the whorls,

and have the callus within the labrum more finely and closely

ridged. A. fusca, as figured by Kiister, more robust and less

pyriform than our shell. According to M. Petit’s label, A. fusca

occurs at the Marquesas, and Kiister mentions the Sandwich

Islands as its habitat. In outline our shell resembles A. pyri-

formis Petit (West Columbia, Cuming !), but within the aperture

there is no resemblance.

Station. —On and under stones and rocks at high water mark.

Habitat.—Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

800 specimens were collected.

436 Panama Shells. CYCLOSTOMIDZ.

315. Auricula trilimeata. Nov. sp.

Shell obovate: dark brownish red, with three revolving dis-

tant white lines on the last whorl, of which the anterior line is

not so well defined: rufous on the columella: with irregular

stris of growth: apex obtuse ? spire very small, with the out-

,* very narrow, imbricately

lines curvilinear: whorls

appressed, with the suture distinct: last whorl very large, con-

volate: aperture very long, narrow: labrum not sharp, with a

deposit over the whole visible interior, which is transversely

plaited: at the end of the columella with a twisted plait, sepa-

rated by a sinus from a large transverse plait, above which are

four small approximate transverse plaits.

Mean divergence about 135°; length .71 inch; breadth .438

inch; length of spire .05 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

316. Auricula

e Sp. indet.

Station. Under stones at high water mark.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 2 specimens, which, although immature, appear

distinct from the other species of Auricula.

Family—C Y CLOSTOMID.Ai.

TRUNCATELLA.—We include this genus, as well as

Pedipes and Auricula, in this paper, because they are maritime

in their habits. Their geographical distribution, corresponding

with that of the marine genera, is entirely different from that of

the terrestrial molluscs.

* In our unique specimen the suture of the upper whorls is obliterated by ero-

sion. Probably the number of whorls is six or seven.

TRUNCATELLA. - Panama Shells. 437

317. WTruncatella Bairdiama. Nov. sp.

Shell cylindric: of a rich amber color: with rather small

crowded ribs, which are obsolete behind the labrum, less pro-

minent on the convexity of the whorls, well developed ante-

riorly, in number about twenty-four on the penult whorl: apex

acute, truncate with the loss of four whorls: spire with the out-

lines slightly curvilinear; whorls nearly four after truncation,

convex, with a well impressed suture: aperture ovate, slightly

effuse above: labrum advanced along the middle, reflected,

double: labium with a thick deposit, continuous with the

labrum.

Mean divergence about 22°, being considerably less in the

lower whorls and more above; length after truncation, .21 inch;

breadth .075 inch; length of spire .15 inch.

This species must resemble 7. scalariformis Reeve from the

island of Annaa; but that shell is figured with five whorls after

truncation, in color it is described as ‘ luteola,”’ and the labrum

is said to be sharp and simple.

Station.—Under a heap of stones at the high water mark of

spring tides.

Habiiat—Panama; C. B. A.!

400 specimens were collected at the bottom of the sea wall of

Panama.

One specimen has come to maturity without the loss of the

apex, which, however, is white and cretaceous from partial

decay.

We dedicate this species to Professor 8. F. Baird, whose

name is so well known to Herpetologists.

318. Truncatella (??) dubiosa. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate conic: translucent, deep yellowish brown : thin,

smooth, and shining: apex subacute: spire with the outlines

moderately curvilinear: whorls six, convex, with a well

438 Panama Shells. BULLID2.

impressed suture; last whorl rather short and subangular, but

ventricose: aperture broadly ovate: labrum thin: labium a

little reflected below, above interrupted by the penult whorl.

Mean divergence about 45°; length .083 inch; breadth .055

inch; length of spire .045 inch.

Operculum corneous.

Station. — With Truncatella Bairdiana.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

550 specimens were collected.

This species cannot properly be referred to Truncatella. The

apex is not truncated ; the operculum is horny ; and the general

form and texture indicate a different genus. In form it approxi-

mates to 7. fusca, T. littorea, &c., which are not Truncatelle, but

which probably belong to Bembiciwm. From the habits of our

species, 1t may be inferred to be an air-breathing mollusc, while

the characters of the shell are very different from those of

Bembicium. The shell appears too deficient in characters suit-

able for generic distinction, and we refrain from proposing a

new genus until the soft parts shall be known.

Family—BULLID&.

319. Bulla (Tormatima) imfrequens. Nov. sp.

Shell cylindric, not compressed about the middle: white:

smooth: apex papillary, very minute and prominent: spire

moderately elevated, convex: whorls four and one-half, acutely

shouldered, with a deeply channeled suture: aperture long and

narrow, anteriorly rounded: labrum very thin, much advanced

along the middle: columella terminating in a very robust

spiral plait.

Mean divergence about 130°; length .28 inch; breadth .11

inch; length of spire .03 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

BULLA. Panama Shells. 439

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

320. Bulla (Cylichna) luticola. Nov. sp.

Shell subcylindric, wider anteriorly: pale horn color, sub-

transparent: with the striz of growth very minute: apex ina

deep narrow umbilicus, which is partly covered by the upper

part of the labrum: last whorl compressed around the middle :

aperture rising higher than the umbilicus, linear above, subor-

bicular below: labrum very thin, much advanced along the

middle: columella thickened with a callus: anterior umbilical

region indented, partly covered with a deposit.

Length .2 inch; breadth .095 inch.

Station.—This species was found crawling on liquid mud,

near low water mark, at the bottom of a steep sand beach.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

28 specimens were collected half a mile east of Panama.

321. Bulla punctulata.

Synonymy.

Bulla punctata Ad. in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 577. No. 53.

plist a te 1849.

——- punctulata Ad. in Sowb. Thes. Conch. Index. 1849.

Station.—Sandy mud, 10 fathoms; Cuming! A. Adams.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! A. Adams.

Acapulco; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

25 specimens were found in various states of preservation,

322. Bulla « Sp. indet.

Another species is represented by 1 imperfect specimen.

440 Panama Shells. HALIOTIDA.

Family—VERMETID &.

3238. Vermetus slomeratus?

Synonymy.

? Serpula glomerata Var. b. (alt. excl.) Lam. An. sans

Vert. V. 8363. No.6. - - July 1818.

Var. b. (alt. excl.) Lam, An. sans

Vert. V. 619. No. 6. (Desh. ed.) 1838.

Vermetus glomeratus Rousseau in Chenu. Ill. Conch. pl. 2. f. 2. 1843.

centiquadrus? Val. Voy. Venus. Moll. pl. 11. f. 1. 1846.

Station.—Attached by a small part of the spiral portion of

the shells to rocks and stones near the low water mark of neap

tides.

Habitat.—Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

Panama. "C. oA.

We collected 25 specimens on the reef.

324, Yermetus Pamamensis.

Synonymy.

Vermetus Panamensis Rousseau in Chenu. Ill. Conch. pl. 5. f. 1. 1848.

Station.—In the same situations as V. glomeratus, attached

on one side of all the whorls.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

10 specimens were collected.

Of these two species of Vermetus, a much larger number of

specimens might have been collected, with some additional

labor in carefully detaching them from the rocks.

Family —HALIOTID.&.

325. Stomatella inflata. Nov. sp.

Shell very obliquely eiliptical: white, thick and opaque

anteriorly, above thinner and translucent: with very fine irre-

HIPPONYX. Panama Shells. 441

gular strie of growth; without spiral striz: apex minute,

obtuse, prominent: whorls two, very convex, with a well

impressed suture; last whorl very oblique, much inflated and

very convex: aperture contracted, yet exhibiting the spiral

columella to the apex ; columellar side of the aperture abruptly

arcuated.

Length obliquely .45 inch; breadth obliquely .31 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

Family—CALY PTRAID A.

326. Hipponyx

« Sp. indet.

We found of this species only 2 small specimens, which pro-

bably are immature. The spire has more than two whorls.

They may be the young of Hipponyx subrufa Sowb. Lam. ?

The Lamarckian Pileopsis subrufa is probably the Caribbean

species, of which Mr. Sowerby’s species is the Pacific analogue.

327. Hipponyx barbata!?

Synonymy.

Hipponyx barbata ? Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 5. Jan. 1835.

—_——_ —? Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 369. No. 1. pl. 73. f.

26, 27. - - - - - - 1846.

Our shells correspond very nearly to the description and

figures by Sowerby. Yet they may be distinct. It will be

seen that they belong to a distinct zoological province. Our

specimens also resemble Pileopsis pilosus Desh. in Guer. May

1832, pl. 19.

Station.—On stones and shells near low water mark.

Habitat.—Ad Insulas Maris Pacifici. Found on coral reefs

around Toobouai, one of the Society Islands;

Cuming! Sowerby.

JULY, 1852, 38 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

449, Panama Shells. CALYPTRAIDZ.

Panama; C. B. A.!

12 specimens were collected.

328. Hipponyx Panamensis.

Synonymy.

Hipponyx mitrula Sowb. (non Lam.) in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond.

Booey are - - - - Jan. 1835.

Sowb. (non Lam.) Thes. in Conch. p. 369. No.

2. pl. 73. f. 18-20. - - = - 1846.

We propose this name for a shell, which Mr. Sowerby seems

to have confounded with H. mitrula Lam. The Lamarckian

shell is the Caribbean species, which has a curved apex that is

sometimes much elongated, “‘apice adunco” Lam. The Panama

shell is obliquely conic, with the apex moderately prominent.

The concentric laminz are more numerous and the radiating

strize on them are more deeply impressed than in the Caribbean

shell. This species is thick and solid.

Length .67 inch; breadth .7 inch; height .387 inch.

A dead specimen of Cardita affinis has on one valve 4 rather

small individuals. The attached valves are rather thin, and have

been more or less perforated, from within the Cardita, by some

boring animal. Around the perforations there is a thicker

deposit, which fills up some of them.

Station—On stones in 17 fathoms water, among coarse sand ;

Cuming! Sowerby. Our specimens were found on stones and

shells near low water mark.

Habitat—Lobos I.; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; C. B. A.!

14 specimens were collected.

329. Hipponyx radiata.

Synonymy.

Hipponyx radiata Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 5. Jan. 1835

a Sowb. Thes. Conch. p.370. No. 4. pl. 73.f. 24, 25. 1846

CALYPTR2AA. Panama Shells. 448

Station.— Attached to rocks; Cuming! Sowerby. Our speci-

mens were found attached to stones near low water mark.

Habitat—Panama and the Gallapago Is. ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; C. B. A.!

16 specimens were collected.

330. Calyptraea aberrans. Nov. sp.

Shell irregularly, somewhat concave externally : papyraceous,

pearly, with fine irregular strie of growth: apex very minute,

subterminal : the cup in our unique specimen is probably imper-

fect: what remains consists of a very thin, deeply concave, nar-

row lamina, transversely attached under the apex of the shell.

In texture this shell much resembles a valve of an Anomia.

Length .7 inch; breadth .59 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat— Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

331. Calyptrzea (Syphopatella) aspersa. Nov. sp.

Shell conic: thin: dingy or brownish white, irregularly

sprinkled with many reddish brown spots: with very short and

irregular minute wrinkles: apex acute, central: lamina with

the fold appressed only at the inner margin, broadly expanded,

making about two thirds of a revolution: margin very thin

and acute.

Diameter .55 inch ; height .21 inch.

Station —Under stones at low water mark.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were found.

444 Panama Shells. CALYPTRAIDA.

332. Calyptraea cepacea.

Synonymy.

Calypirea cepacea Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 35. May 1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. I. 197.

pl. 27. f. 4. - - - - 1835.

—_——— —— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 142. May 1836.

—_——— _- ——— Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 633. No. 24.

(Desh. ed.) - - - - - 1838.

—_—— —— Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soe. July 1838.

———— —— Lam. An. sans Vert. II]. Pt. 1. p. 233.

No, 24. (Desh. ed. tert.) —- - - 1841.

——- Chenu Lec. Elem. p. 144. f. 462? 1847.

Station.— Adhering to dead shells, in sandy mud, at a depth

of 11 fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Our specimens were found adhering to dead shells, at low

water mark.

Habitat—I. of Muerte; Cuming! Broderip: also Deshayes :

also Rev. Zool.: also Miiller.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; C. B. A.!

4 small specimens were found.

3338. Calyptraea conica.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea (Syphopatella) conzca Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond. p. 38. - - May 1834.

——- Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soe.

Lond. I. 202. pl. 27. f. 7. 1835.

Miill. Synop. Nov. Test.

Viv. p. 147, - - May 1836.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 630.

No. 17. (Desh. ed.) - 1838.

Lam. An. sans Vert. ITI. Pt. 1.

p- 232. No. 17. (Desh. ed. tert.) 1841.

Station. —Attached to shells in deep water ; Cuming! Broderip.

CALYPTRAA. Panama Shells. 445

Habitat—Xipixapi and Salango; Cuming! Broderip: also

Miller.

Panama; C. B. A.!

12 specimens were obtained.

334. Calyptrza dentata.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea rugosa Reeve (non Desh.) Conch. Syst. pl. 144. f.1. 1842.

dentata Menke Zeitschr. Malak. p. 185. Dec. 1847.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Mazatlan ; Melchers ! Menke.

Panama; C. B. A.!

8 specimens were collected.

335. Calyptrza hispida.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea (Calypeopsis) hispida Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soe.

Lond. p. 37. —- - May 1834.

——- Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.

T2000) 27. £40, 0). heal:

Miill. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 144. May 1836.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 638,

No. 36. (Desh. ed.) - 1838.

Rey. Zool. Cuv. Soe. July 1838,

—_—- Lam. An. sans Vert. Pt. 1. p. 233.

No. 36. (Desh. ed. tert.) 1841.

—— Chenu Lee. Elem. p. 144. f. 464. 1847.

Our specimens vary much in form and in coloring. Some are

almost flat, but the cup is as deep in such as in the more coni-

cal shells: such specimens grow on a concave surface. One

shell, instead of having a subcircular outline, has the outline of

a very eccentric ellipse. The color of some is nearly white ; of

others, a deep brown; many are spotted and striped in the

manner described by Mr. Broderip.

446 Panama Shells. CALYPTRAID A.

Station—On dead shells, in sandy mud, at a depth of 12

fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Our specimens were found under stones at low water mark.

Habitat.—I. of Muerte; Cuming! Broderip : also Rev. Zool. ;

also Miiller.

I. of Muerte ; Deshayes: also Jay.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

20 specimens were collected.

336. Calyptrzea imbricata.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea ( Calypeopsis) imbricata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soe.

Lond. p. 36. - - May 1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.

193. pls 27 ae - 1835.

——-— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.

p- 143. - - - May 1838.

— Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 636.

No. 33. (Desh. ed.) - - 1838.

——_——— Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soe. July 1838.

Hanley Conch. Book Spec.

a Ceo te

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

pi460,-0¢ 0 . =|) ee

Station.—On stones in sandy mud at a depth of from 6 to 10

fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Habitat—Panama ; Cuming! Broderip : also Rev. Zool. : also

Miiller.

Central America ; Deshayes.

Payta; Orbigny.

Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

As M. Deshayes mentions another habitat, it is to be regretted

that the authority is not stated.

CALYPTRAA. Panama Shells. 447

337. Calyptrza maculata.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea (Calypeopsis) maculata Brod. (non Quoy) in Proe.

Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 37. May 1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soe.

Lond. I. 200. pl. 27. f. 11. 1835.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test.

Viv. p.145. - - May 1836,

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 638.

No. 37. Desh. ed. - 1838.

Rey. Zool. Cuy. Soe. July 1838.

Station—In sandy mud on dead shells at a depth of 11

fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Hathitat.—I. of Muerte; Cuming! Broderip: also Rey. Zool.

I. of Muerte; Deshayes.

Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

338. Calyptrza planulata. Nov. sp.

Shell flat, suborbicular: thin: pure white: with very minute

radiating strie, which are obsolete around the apex: apex sub-

central, acute, slightly elevated above the plane of the shell:

cup with the sides free and the corners acute, thin, curved

through about 220°: margin very thin. It belongs to Calyp-

trea as restricted by Broderip.

Length .32 inch; breadth .85 inch.

Station.— Adhering to an oyster, a little below half tide level.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

339. Calyptrza radiata.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea (Calypeopsis) radiata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond, p. 36. - - May 1884,

448 Panama Shells. CALYPTR AID.

Calyptrea radiata Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. I.

pose OTs) - yee ASE.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 143. May 1836.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 635. No.

31. (Desh. ed.) Eli < - 1838.

—_— . Rey. Zool. Cuyv, Soe. July 1838.

——— Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 1. p. 284.

No. 31. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - - 1841.

—- Chenu Lec. Elem. p. 144. f. 460, 461. - 1847.

Station.—Sandy mud on dead shells at a depth of 7 to 14

fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Habitat—Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Broderip: also Rev.

Zool.: also Miiller.

Seas of South America; Deshayes.

Bay of Caraccas; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.

10 specimens were collected.

340. Calyptrza (Syphopatella) regularis. Nov. sp.

Shell with a circular margin, regularly conic: moderately

thickened: snow white, tinged with brown about the apex:

with very fine lightly impressed strize of growth, somewhat

shining: apex subacute, subcentral: lamina folded so as to

form a tube about one-third of its own width, produced to the

margin so as to make one complete revolution: margin acute.

Diameter 1.27 inch; height .55 inch.

Station. — Unknown.

Habitat—Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.: also

Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were obtained.

CREPIDULA. Panama Shells. : 449

341. Calyptrzea umbrella.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea umbrella Desh. in Encye. Meth. Vers. II. 173.

(1st ser. pag.) - - - - 1830.

rudis Brod. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 35. May 1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. I. 196.

oc a alll AA gail le ig

———— umbrella Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 635. No. 30.

Desh. ed. - - - - - 1838.

— Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 1. p. 234.

No. 30. (Desh. ed. tert.) - - 1841.

—— rudis Rey. Zool. Cuv. Soe. July 1838.

(Crucibulum) rudis Woodward Manual Moll.

p- 152. pl. Jil enie TA . 1851.

Station. Under stones; Cuming! Broderip. :

Habitat.—Panama and Real Llejos: Cuming! Broderip: also

Rev. Zool.

Seas of Central America; Deshayes.

West America; Woodward.

Guayaquil; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

342. Calyptrza unguis? ?

We found one immature specimen which may belong to this

species.

343. Crepidula cerithicola. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate, convex: posteriorly whitish, sometimes with a

broad ray of dark brownish red on each side of the umbo;

anteriorly subtransparent, pale brownish red, with narrow dark

rays of the same color; sometimes all the rays are confluent,

and more rarely the entire shell is of a dark brownish red;

with the septum white: smooth: apex acute, terminal and

marginal, a little dextrorsal: septum slightly angulated along

450 Panama Shells. CALYPTRAIDZ.

the middle, with a small sinus at the left, a broad one at the

middle of the edge, and none at the right side.

Length .23 inch: breadth .14 inch; convexity .07 inch.

Station.—On Cerithium irroratum, q. Vv.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

This species was not observed until after the shells arrived

here. When cleaning a quantity of C. wrroratum, 45 specimens

were obtained.

344. Crepidula echinus.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea ( Crepipatella) echinus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soe.

Lond. p./39..,.="%).= May 1834.

— Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soe.

Lond. I. 203. pl. 27. f. 1. 1835.

—— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test.

Viv. p. 148. - - May 1836.

Crepidula —— Lam. An. sans Vert. VII.

; 650. No. 23. (Desh. ed.) 1838.

a ——— Lam. An. sans Vert. III.

Pt. 1. p. 239, No. 23.

(Desh. ed. tert.) - - 1841.

Station.—Under stones at low water.

Habitat—Lobos I.; Cuming! Broderip: also Miiller.

Peru; Deshayes: also Jay.

Panama; C. B. A!

18 specimens were obtained.

345. Crepidula excavata.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea (Crepidula) excavata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soe.

Lond. p. 40. - - May 1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc.

Lond. I. 205. pl. 29. f. 7. 1835.

—__ —____.

CREPIDULA. Panama Shells. 451

Calyptrea (Crepidula) excavata Miill. Synop. Nov. Test.

Viv. p. 150. - - May 1836.

Crepidula Lam. An. sans Vert. VII.

649. No. 19. (Desh. ed.) 1838.

Tam. An. sans. Vert. III. Pt. 1.

p- 239. No. 19. (Desh. ed. tert.) 1841.

Station— Unknown.

Habitat.—Real Llejos; Cuming! Broderip.

Chili; Deshayes.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

In the absence of testimony, the habitat mentioned by

Deshayes must be considered as doubtful.

346. Crepidula hepatica?

Synonymy.

Crepidula hepatica Desh. Encye. Meth. Vers. II. 26. (2d ser. pag.) 1830.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 646. No. 12.

(Desh. ed.) - - - - - 1838.

Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 1. p. 288.

s No. 12. (Desh. ed. tert.) - = - - 1841.

Menke in Zeitsch. Mal. p. 184. - - Dec. 1847.

Our specimens have an epidermis, which is more or less

lamellar or pilose. Deshayes describes the shell as having a

smooth exterior surface, but Menke says “confertim distincté

porcata.” Our shells exhibit a variation in the character of the

surface, which reconciles this apparent discrepancy. A variety

is very convex.

Station.— Adhering to Strombus Peruvianus, q. v.; also to

Purpura tecta, q. v.

Another specimen is on a Conus gladiator, and is very

convex ; probably in consequence of the very convex surface to

which it adheres. Some specimens are longitudinally recurved

but laterally very convex ; conforming to the surface on which

they grew.

452 Panama Shells. CALYPTR#IDZ.

Habitat—Unknown ; Deshayes.

Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

Mazatlan ; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

28 specimens were collected.

According to Dr. Krauss, C. hepatica occurs at the Cape of

Good Hope. We have several specimens, collected at the Cape

by Dr. K., of his convex variety, which differs from our shells

in having the septum very deeply placed, and the beak very

prominent. The depressed variety figured by Dr. K. may more

nearly resemble the Pacific shell, but we have no specimens for

comparison. Probably, however, the Cape shells belong to a

distinct species: but as the habitat of the original type was not

known, and as the original description is applicable to both,

we must leave this question undecided.

347. Crepidula incurva.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea (Crepidula) ineurva Brod. in Proe, Zool. Soe.

Lond. p. 40. - - May 1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soe.

Lond. pl. 29. f. 6. - 1835.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test.

Viv. p. 150. - - May 1836.

a Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid.

Moll. p. 468. - - 1843.

Station.—On dead shells dredged from sandy mud, at a depth

ranging from 6 to 10 fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Our specimens were found adhering to living shells at and

near low water mark. Its favorite station was on the shell

which we have mentioned as Zrochus sp. indet. b, almost every

one of which supported one or more of this Crepidula. Turbo

saxosus was next in the frequency with which it furnished

specimens. The species was found also on Columbella rugosa,

C. varia, Buccinum ringens, Purpura tecta, P. undulata, Trochus

CREPIDULA. Panama Shells. 453

Buschi, T. reticulatus, &c. Frequently also they are attached

one to another.

Habitat.—St. Elena, and Xipixapi; Cuming! Broderip.

St. Elena; Jay.

Payta; Fontaine! Orbigny.

120 specimens were collected. 2 specimens in the Mus.

Amh. were sent by a German conchologist, as having come

from Peru.

348. Crepidula Lessonii.

Synonymy.

Calyptreea (Crepidula) Lessonii Brod. in Proe. Zool. Soe.

Lond. p. 39. - - May 1834.

olden Es Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc.

Lond. I. 204. pl. 29. f. 5. 1835.

Miill. Synop. Nov. Test.

Viv. p. 149. - - May 1836.

Crepidula Lam. An. sans Vert. VII.

649. No. 20. (Desh, ed.) 1838.

Lam. An. sans Vert. ITI. Pt. 1.

p- 239. No. 20. Desh. ed. tert. 1841.

This species is remarkable for the very broad far projecting

laminze, which occupy the surface. Most of our specimens are

nearly or wholly destitute of the brown longitudinal lines.

Station.—Under stones at low water ; Cuming! Broderip.

Our specimens were found in the same situation.

Habitat—I. of Muerte; Cuming! Broderip: also Miiller.

I. of Muerte ; Deshayes: also Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

80 specimens were collected on the reef.

349. Crepidula squama.

Synonymy.

Calyptrea (Crepidula) syuama Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p40, - - - May 1834.

454 Panama WSheils. CALYPTRAZID.

Calyptrea (Crepidula) squama Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.

1 205. pl. 29.10. - 1885.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p.

151. - - - - May 1836.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 648.

No. 16. (Desh. ed.) - 1838.

Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 1. p.

239. No. 16. (Desh. ed. tert.) 1841.

Crepidula

The specimens vary much in color: the normal arrangement

is with dark reddish brown rays on a whitish ground; in some

shells the rays are few and faint; in others they are crowded or

even confluent. The surface is incurved or excurved according

to the figure of the spot on which they grow.

Station.— Under stones and in dead shells near low water mark.

Habitat.—Panama; Cuming! Broderip: also Miiller.

Panama; Deshayes: also Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

35 specimens were collected.

350. Crepidula umnguiformis.

Synonymy.

Gualt. Test. pl. 69. f. 11. 1742.

Patella crepidula _—_ Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1257. No. 752.(Ed. 12.) 1767.

Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3695. No. 17. 1788.

_—— Turt. Linn. Syst. Nat. IV. 554. 1806.

— Broce. Foss. Subapp. Il. 253. 1814.

Crepidula unguiformis Lam. An. sans Vert. VI. Pt. 2. p. 25. No. 4.1818,

Ltalica Defr. Dict. des Se. Nat. XI. 397. 1818.

plana Say Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. (Old Ser.)

TE. 226. =<) = - July 1821.

Italica Dict. Classique d’Hist. Nat. V. 54. April 1824.

unguiformis Sowb. Gen. pl. — f. 6. 1824,

calceolina Desh. Encyc. Meth. Vers. I. 26. No. 6.

(2nd ser. pag.) - - - - 1830.

plana Say Amer. Conch. pl. 44. 1830.

unguiformis Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 39. May 1834,

CREPIDULA. Panama Shells. 455

Crepidula unguiformis Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. I. pl. 29.

G4 - = - = 1835.

Mill. Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p- 151. May 1836.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 643. No. 4.

(Desh. ed:) - - - 1838.

Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Deas I. 514. 1838.

plana Gould Invert. Mass. p. 159. f. 16. 1840.

unguiformis Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 1. p. 236.

(Desh. ed. tert.) - - - 1841.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 143. f. 6. 1842.

dilatata No. 4. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 467. 1843.

plana Dekay Zool. of N. Y. Moll. p. 158. pl. 7.

f. 153. a. 6. - - - - 1848.

This shell is well calculated to confound the popular notion

of species. We have now before us many perfect specimens

from Sicily, from Massachusetts, from Jamaica, and from Panama,

all of which, with the exception of the Mediterranean shells,

we collected in person. They present many modifications of

form dependent on progress of growth, and the positions which

they occupy in dead shells. But we have in vain attempted to

discover any characteristics of locality. The only approach to a

local character is to be found in a few of the Panama shells, which

have longitudinal rays of reddish brown, while all the other

specimens are of a uniform white. So far at least as the shells

are concerned, it seems necessary to admit that they all may be

comprised in one species ; or to maintain that individuals, which

cannot be distinguished from each other, belong to different

species, because it is probable that they descended from distinct

original stocks. Butif we admit that each species in the animal

kingdom was introduced by the creation of many original stocks,

then the fact before us becomes intelligible and very uncommon

in only one particular, viz: that the original individuals of a

single species were created in very distant zoological provinces.

On the opinion that the North American @. plana Say is

identical with the Mediterranean C. unguiformis Lam., Dr.

Gould remarks as follows :—

“Tn this opinion I have the concurrence of Mr. Sowerby.

456 Panama Shells. CALYPTRAID A.

Deshayes observes that he can hardly think that the shell

figured as Calyptreea unguijormis by Broderip in ‘ Trans. Zool.

Soe.’ I. pl. 29, f. 4, is the shell of Linnzus. He says the shell

of Linnzeus is distinguished by a profound notch at one

extremity of the partition, and a feebler one at the other; that

the shell described by Mr. Say as Crepidula plana wants this

notch, and is the shell figured by Broderip. Now it so happens

that the only specimen which I am certain is entire, has this

notch precisely as described, and the tooth-like process which

separates the large notch from the rest of the margin is such as

would be likely to be broken in almost every instance. This

fact leads me to suppose that all three of the shells in question

are of the same species, and should be called C. unguiformis.”

Station.—Dans lV intérieur des coquilles univalves abandonnées;

Defrance. Espéce quia l’habitude de se mettre a l’abri dans

les coquilles abandonnées ; Deshayes. Inside of dead shells of

Ranella vextllum, FR. ceelata, &e. * * * Dredged from sandy mud

at a depth ranging from 4 to 10 fathoms; Cuming! Broderip. In

the aperture of other shells; Gould! In dead shells, whether

or not the shells are occupied by Paguride. We have received

the shell from Sicily in the aperture of a Murex trunculus. In

Massachusetts we have found it in the aperture of Nateca dupli-

cata, of Pyrula canaliculata, P. carica.; on the inside of Pecten

concentricus, and of the crustacean Limulus polyphemus, &e.

In Jamaica, we found it in Murex brevifrons, M. funiculatus (2),

Fasciolaria tulipa, Pyrula melongena, Turbo crenulatus, &e.

In Panama we found it in Murex radix, Fasciolaria granosa,

Turbo saxosus, Natica sp. indet., &e. It occurs more frequently

near half tide level, but is not very narrowly limited in its ver-

tical range.

Dr. Gould and D’Orbigny both consider the peculiarities of

this shell as the effect of its position; and Orbigny ascribes the

flattened form to the pressure of the organs of hermit crabs,

one of which usually occupies the same habitation. If, however,

CREPIDULA. Panama Shells. 457

these writers are correct, we ought to find the characters always

graduating into those of other species, according to the position

of the shell. ) .

Habitat.—Ilva ; Gualteri.

Seas of Barbary; Linnzus: also Gmelin: also

Lamarck.

In nearly all the Mediterranean; Deshayes.

Mediterranean ; Jay.

Bays of Tunis and Algiers; McAndrew!

Sicily; C. B. A.

Mediterranean and Seas of Senegal; Potiez and

Michaud.

Maine; Mighels!

Massachusetts; Gould! also C. B. A.!

New York harbor; C. M. Wheatley !

New Jersey ; Say.

Maryland, Carolina, Georgia, and Hast Florida;

Say !

Jamaica; C, B. A.!

I. of Childe and Panama; Cuming! Broderip;

also Miiller.

Panama; C. B. A.!

In the United States, Maine appears to be the northern limit

of the species: Dr. Mighels says, ‘I have never found but one

individual of this species in Casco Bay [Maine]; this had

located itself within the mouth of a dead Buccinum undatuin.”

In Massachusetts, we have only found one specimen north

of Cape Cod; this was on Chelsea Beach. But south of Cape

Cod the species is common. In Jamaica, it is common in the

Bay of Port Royal. At Panama we collected 385 specimens.

This species is thus found to inhabit the following distinet

marine zoological provinces :—

1. The Mediterranean.

2. East side of North America, north of Cape Cod.

5 aa if ‘ “ middle regions.

JULY, 1852. 39 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

458 Panama Shells. CALYPTRAIDZA.

4, The Caribbean waters.

5. West side of America, tropical shores.

Boe a southern temperate region.

It is also common in a fossil state.

‘ Fossile en Italie, en Sicilie, en Morée, 4 Bordeaux et 4 Dax,

dans les faluns de la T'ouraine :” Deshayes.

“Fossile nel Piacentine e nel Sanese ;” Brocchi.

351. Crepidula mivea. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate-elliptic: rather thick : within snow white: with-

out dingy white, sometimes with a faint tinge of brown: very

irregularly concentrically more or less wrinkled, with very dis-

tinct stris of growth: apex turned more or less to the right,

moderately prominent, marginal: septum longitudinally sub-

angular, with a deep sinus at the left and a shallow one at the

right: margin thick, exhibiting strie of growth. It closely

resembles C. unguiformis, but constantly differs in characters

and station.

Length 1.4 inch; breadth 1 inch; height .4 inch.

Station.— Under stones, near low water mark.

Habitat.— Panama; C. B. A.!

45 specimens were collected on the reef.

352. Crepidula osculans. Nov. sp.

Shell elliptical: pale horn color, subtransparent: surface

minutely decussated with numerous very small radiating and

concentric ridges: apex subterminal, very prominent, not

marginal, with the nuclear portion smooth, shining, transparent

and slightly directed to the right: septum but little above the

margin, extremely narrow or linear, extending around the

posterior part of the shell: margin very thin. In some respects,

this species is allied to Pileopsis.

Length .14 inch; breadth .1 inch; height .045 inch.

FISSURELLA. Panama Shells. 459

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen of this extraordinary species was obtained.

353. Crepidula rostrata. Nov. sp.

Shell very convex, irregularly elliptic: livid brown, some-

times with pale ill-defined spots: irregularly somewhat corru-

gated both radiately and concentrically: apex very acute and

prominent, rostriform, very distant from but extending beyond

the posterior margin, slightly directed to the right: septum far

within the margin, planulate, usually very oblique to the plane

of the aperture : margin thin, irregular.

Length .48 inch; breadth .3 inch; height .29 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

5 specimens were obtained in different stages of growth.

Family—FISSURELLIDA.

354. Fissurella wqualis.

Synonymy.

Fissurella equalis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 127. Novy. 1834.

—_——— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 158. May 1836.

Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 49. pl. 76. f. 56. 1841.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 8. f. 55. Dec. 1849.

Station.—On dead shells in from 6 to 10 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby : also Reeve.

Habitat.—St. Elena; Cuming! Sowerby : also Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

5 specimens were obtained.

460 Panama Shells. FISSURELLID&.

355. Wissurelia alta. Nov. sp.

Shell subconic, high : dingy white, often more or less covered

with broad ashy black rays, which may be seen through the

shell: with prominent radiating ribs, of which the alternate

ones are excessively developed, and intermediate small raised

lines; with many concentric ridges, which are less prominent

than the larger radiating ribs, and more so than the others:

summit nearer to and somewhat inclined towards the anterior

extremity: fissure small, ovate-elliptic: margin pectinated by

the radiating ribs.

The following are the dimensions of a very large and high

shell and of another of average size :

Height .42 inch; length .55 inch ; breadth .41 inch.

6c 52D 6c 6b A? 6c cé 29 66

Station Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

26 specimens were obtained.

356. Fissurella macrotrema.

Synonymy.

Fissurella macrotrema Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 125. Nov. 1834.

Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 155. May 1836.

Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 33. pl. 74. f. 41. 1841.

——__——— Chenu. Il. Conch. pl. 1. f, 14. 1848,

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 5. f. 31. Aug. 1849.

—

Station.—Under stones on the shore ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat,—Gallapago Is. and Real Llejos; var’s at Lobos I.

and Lambeyeque, Peru; Cuming! Sowerby: also

Miiller.

Gallapago Is. ; Cuming! Reeve.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 5 specimens, which are somewhat narrower

than the figures in Sowerby and in Reeve.

FISSURELLA. Panama Shells. 461

357. WFissurella microtrema.

Synonymy.

Fissurella microtrema Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 125. Nov. 1834.

a = Mill, Synop, Nov. Test. Viv. p. 156." May 1836.

_—_____—. ——___—— Chenu Ill. Conch. pl. 1. f. 11.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 473. 1843.

— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 44. Dec. 1849.

The shells before us seem to be intermediate between this

species and F. rugosa Sowb., as these species are figured by

Sowerby and by Reeve. We are indebted to Mr, Cuming for

specimens which enable us to determine the species.

Station.—Under stones at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat.--Real Llejos ; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

West Columbia ; Cuming! in sched.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 10 specimens in various stages of growth.

358. WFissurella mus.

Synonymy.

Fissurella mus Reeve Conch. Icon, pl. 16. f. 120. Aug. 1850.

Var. Two of our specimens differ from the type in having

the fissure shorter and the region around it more elevated.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Unknown ; Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

8 specimens were collected.

359. Fissurella nigropunctata.

Synonymy.

Fissurella nigropunctata Sowb.in Proc. Zool.Soc. Lond. p. 125. Noy. 1834.

— ———_———_ Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 155. May 1836.

462 Panama Shells. FISSURELLID An

Fissurella nigropunctata Sowb. Conch. Ill. No, 32. pl. 75. £51. 1841.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 8. Aug. 1849.

Station Under stones on the shore; Cuming! Sowerby :

also Reeve.

Our specimens were found on rocks at and below half tide level.

Some of them have their outlines singularly modified by the

surface of the rugged rocks on which they were living.

Habitat—Gallapago Is., and Lobos I.; Cuming! Sowerby:

also Reeve: also Miiller.

Gallapago Is.; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 95 specimens. Most of them are elongated like

the figure in the Conch. Illust., and are narrower than the figure

in the Conch. Icon.

360. Fissurella ostrina.

Synonymy.

Fissurella ostrina Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 14. f. 106. Aug. 1850.

Station. Unknown.

Habitat—Unknown ; Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were found near Panama.

361. Fissurella virescens.

Synonymy.

Fissurella virescens Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 125. Nov. 1834.

—-— Mill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 154. May 1836.

— Sowb. Conch. Illust. No. 31. pl. 78. f. 87. 1841.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 12. Aug. 1849.

Station—In exposed situations at low water; Cuming!

Sowerby. In exposed situations on rocks at low water; Cum-

ing! Reeve.

Our specimens were found on a ledge of rather smooth

rocks, between half tide and low water mark, in a place

somewhat exposed to the sea.

SIPHONARIA. Panama Shells. 463

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve: Miiller.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.

Panama ; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 142 specimens on a ledge of rocks nearly three

miles east of Panama.

362. Siphonaria characteristica.

Synonymy.

Siphonaria characteristica Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 49. Mar. 1842.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 138. f. 3. 1842.

Station—On rocks above and below half tide level.

Habitat—Bay of Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

Bay of Panama; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

70 specimens were collected.

363. Siphonaria costata.

Synonymy.

Siphonaria costata Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p.6., Jan. 1835.

Station.—On rocks in exposed situations at low water; Cum-

ing! Sowerby.

Habitat—Guacomayo ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Guacomayo ; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

364. Siphonaria gigas.

Synonymy.

Siphonaria gigas Sowb. Tank. Catal. App. p. 6. No. 808. 1825.

—_+_—_ Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 138. f. 6. 1842,

—— Val. Voy. Venus. Moll. pl. 12, 13. 1846.

464 Panama Shells. FISSURELLID &.

Station.—On rocks above and below half tide level.

Habitat.—Panama ; Sowerby.

Peru; Voyage of the Venus.

Gallapago Is.; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.

220 specimens were collected.

Nearly one half of the specimens, which we have included

in this species, are intermediate between this and S characteristica.

There is so little constancy in the two forms, that the distinction

is a source of much perplexity.

365. Siphonaria maura.

Synonymy.

Siphonaria maura Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 7. Jan. 1835.

Reeve Elem. Conch. pl. 24. f. 144 ? 1848 ?

Station.—On rocks ; Cuming! Sowerby. Our specimens were

found on ledges of rocks, mostly above half tide level.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Sowerby.

200 specimens were collected.

366. Siphonaria pica ?

Synonymy.

Siphonaria pica (?) Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 6. Jan. 1835.

Slation.—On rocks in exposed situations ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat.—Acapulco; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; Jay.

Panama ‘C,.B.A.!

3 specimens were found.

Is not Mr. Sowerby in error when he represents Mr. Cuming

as having made collections at Acapulco ?

PATELLA. Panama Shells. 465

367. Lottia patina?

Synonymy.

Acmea patina (?) Rathke in Esch. Zool. Atlas. Heft. V.

p. 19. pl. 24. f. 7, 8. - - - - 1833.

Station—On and under stones at the low water mark of neap

tides.

Habitat—Mazatlan ; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.

Panama; C. B. A.!

34 specimens were collected on the reef.

Var. a has only linear pale rays on a dark olivaceous ground,

and the margin is of a uniform blackish brown: the radiating

striz are coarser than in the type.

368. Beottia . Sp. indet. a.

A small suborbicular conical thin shell.

Station.—Under stones near half tide level.

Habitat—Panama ; C. B A.!

45 specimens were collected.

369. Lottia

- Sp. indet. 2

20 specimens were taken with the preceding.

370. Lottia

- Sp. indet. c¢.

11 specimens of this minute species were collected at

Panama.

Family—PATELLID&.

371. Patella (?)

» Sp. indet. a.

Station —On rocks not far from half tide level.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

16 specimens were collected.

466 Panama Shells. PATELLIDZ.

372. Chiton clathratus.

Synonymy.

Chiton clathratus Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 18. f. 113. Apr. 1847.

Station.—Under stones near low water mark,

Habitat—_Unknown; Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

12 specimens were found.

373. Chitom dispar.

Synonymy.

Chiton dispar Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 58. Mar. 1832.

Miill. Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 168. 1836.

——- ——~ Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 511. No. 50. (Desh. ed.) 1838.

——- ——- Sowb. Conch. Ill. No, 47. pl. 41. f. 25. 1841.

——-— ——-— [am. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 1. p. 188. No. 50.

(Deéshi.ted! tet.) 1S) Wee) steely se Appne Rea.

—— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 18. f. 96. Apr. 1847.

Station.— Under stones: Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones near the low water

mark of neap tides.

Habitat—“ 1. of Saboga;” Cuming! Sowerby.

Gulf of Panama; Deshayes.

“TY. of Saboga, Panama;” Cuming! Reeve.

Panama, and Taboga; C. B. A.!

This species is common. We collected about 100 speci-

mens, many of which have been destroyed by rats.

374. Chitom luridus ?

Synonymy.

Chiton luridus Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 26. Feb. 1832.

Mill. Syn. Noy. Test. Viv. p. 163. 1836.

—_———

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 495. No. 18. (Desh. ed.) 1838,

CHITON. Panama Shells. 467

Chiton luridus Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 1. p. 182. No. 13.

(Desh. ed. tert.) - - - - 1889.

—- Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 99. pars. pl. 40. f. 20. 1841.

—- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 15. f. 85. Mar. 1847.

Our specimens differ from C. luridus, as described by Sowerby

and by Reeve, in having the granules of the terminal valves

and of the lateral areas rather sparsely scattered, instead of

being crowded.

Station—Attached to stones at a depth of 5 fathoms; Cum-

ing! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones at low water mark.

Habitat.—St. Elena; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

St. Hlena; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were found.

375. Chiton pulchellus.

Synonymy.

Chiton pulchellus Gray Spicil. Zool. 1828.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 489. 1843.

——- ——— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 23. f. 153. May 1847.

Station.—80 or 40 fathoms depth; Orbigny.

Under stones, which were lying half buried in sand near the

low water mark of the neap tides.

Habitat— Arica, in Peru; W. V. Hennah! Reeve.

Islay ; Orbigny.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

80 specimens were collected.

376. Chitom Stokesii.

Synonymy.

Chiton Stokesii Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 25. Feb. 1832.

468 Panama Shells. OSTR AIDA.

Chiton Stokesit Mill. Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 162. 1836.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VIL 510 No. 49. (Desh. ed.) 1838.

Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 1. os 188. No. 49.

(Desh. ed. tert.) - - - 1841.

———- —— Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 20. pl. 41. £2 24, 1841.

——— ——— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 486. 1843.

—- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 4. Mar. 1847.

Station.—On stones at low water; Cuming! Broderip. Under

stones at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones near the low water of

neap tides.

Hlabitat—Port St. Elena, and Panama; Cuming! Broderip.

Seas of South America; Déshayes.

Columbia; Sowerby: also Jay.

Arica and Islay; Orbigny !

St. Hlena; Cuming! Reeve.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected about 40 specimens, many of which have been

destroyed by rats. The species is very common.

Family—OSTR AID AK.

377. Amomia lampe.

F Synonymy.

Anomia lampe Gray in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 117. Nov. 1849.

Gray in Catal. Anom. Brit. Mus. p. 19. 1850.

Station.—In 60 fathoms water; Major Rich! Gould MSS.

It also occurs at low water mark.

Habitat.—California ; Gray.

La Paz and Monterey, Calif; Major Rich! Gould

MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was obtained. The specimen obtained from

60 fathoms water by Major Rich was taken at Monterey. One

from La Paz in Mus. Gould is of enormous size.

OSTREA. Panama Shells. 469

378. Amomnia temuis. Nov. sp.

Shell orbicular: flat, extremely thin: white, subtransparent,

pearly: externally somewhat uneven: upper scar large,

rounded, with the lower side arcuated: two lower scars small,

circular, equal: anterior one nearly entering the arcuation of

the upper scar; posterior one near the other, with the upper

margin as high as the centre of the other.

Diameter about .85 inch.

Station.—Near low water mark.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were obtained.

379. Amomin

e Sp. indet. a.

A very small yellow shell with the convex valve excessively

convex, and the margin lobate. Although only 1 valve was

found, it is obvious that it belongs to a very distinct species.

380. Ostrea e Sp. indet. a.

Rather large and ovate; with the upper valve radiately cor-

rugated, with many notches on both sides of the hinge: lower

valve attached to a ledge of rock by the whole of its surface:

on this account it is rarely possible to detach a specimen entire.

It occurs more commonly near half tide level. It is rather com-

mon, but not abundant on the reef at Panama. We collected

only 6 specimens. It is an edible species of excellent flavor.

During the recess of the tide the natives open the shells on the

rocks, without detaching the lower valves, and collect the soft

parts in a calabash.

381. Ostrea

« Sp. indet. 0.

Rather large and solid, with both valves strongly notched on

both sides of the hinge: surface without sculpture other than

470 Panama Shells. OSTR HID.

the incremental strize: nacre extremely brilliant, with delicate

changeable colors.

Attached to ledges of rock by the greater part of the lower

valve. It occurs near half tide level.

It is not common: we collected only 3 specimens on the reef

at Panama.

382. Ostrea « Sp. indet.

Synonymy.

20. Columbiensis Hanley, P. Z. S. Lond. p. 107. Oct. 1845.

Rather small, more or less pentangular, and short but not

plicated.

Attached to stones, rocks, and other shells, near half tide

level: the lower valve is attached by rather more than half of

its surface, and then abruptly rises from the attached part so as

to form a deep cavity.

O. Columbiensis Han]. was found by Mr. Cuming attached to

rocks at half tide at St. Elena. At Panama our shell is not

rare, although we took only 15 specimens.

. Sp. indet. d.

383. Ostrea

Like O. borealis.

Usually occurs in clusters.

It was brought from some place near Panama which we did

not visit. We obtained 35 specimens. The flavor is superior

to that of O. virginica or O. borealis. They were sold in Pa-

nama at a dime each.

384. Ostrea e Sp. indet. e.

A small plicated species. The animal has a bitter flavor.

Attached to rocks and stones from three quarters to one quar-

ter tide level. A small var. grows on Nerita scabricosta,

This species covers many parts of the reef at Panama in great

profusion. We collected 330 specimens.

PECTEN, Panama Shells. 471

Family—PECTENID &.

385. Spondylus Lamarckii?

Synonymy.

Spondylus Lamarckii (?) Chenu Ill. Conch. p. 6. pl. 9. f. 4.

(?) Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 425. No. 21.

pl. 85. f. 20. Be feats Sate,

Our specimens being old, with the sculpture eroded, we are

unable to determine confidently what the species is, it being

unfortunately the custom in this genus and in Chama to describe

and figure little more than those exterior characters which are

very rarely found in perfection. One of the most permanent

characters of this species is the broad deep red purple finely

wrinkled limb of the otherwise white interior.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—La Paz; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Bay of Panama; C. B. A.!

At Taboga we found a large pile of odd valves of this species,

which the natives had taken in the bay.

386. Spondylus « Sp. indet. a.

Brown, with a narrow white margin. Only one very young

specimen was found. Hab. Panama.

387. Pecten Inca.

Synonymy.

Pecten tumidus Sowb. (non Turt. nec Zeiten) in Proce.

Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 109. - - July 1835.

— ventricosus Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 51. No. 19. pl.

12. f) 18, 19, 26. - - - 1842.

Inca Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 663. 1846.

Station.—In sandy mud at from 6 to 10 fathoms.

472 Panama Shells. PECTENID&.

Habitat—St. Elena and Salango; Cuming! Orbigny.

St. Elena; Sowerby.

Calapan, Philippines; Cuming! Sowerby; “ young

specimens.”

West Columbia; Jay.

Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

Great numbers of odd valves, much worn, were seen at T'abo-

ga; but we did not learn the station of the species, and collected

only 8 odd valves —Probably the young shells from the Philip-

pines are the young of some allied but distinct species.

388. Pecten Tumbezensis,.

Synonymy.

Pecten aspersus Sowb. (non Lam.) in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond. p. 110. - - = - July 1835.

— ——— Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 51. No. 16. pl.

19. f. 198-9. - = - = 1842,

—- Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 271. 1845?

——— Tumbezensis Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 663. 1846,

Station. —Soft mud at the depth of 5 fathoms: Cuming!

Sowerby.

Habitat.—Tumbez, in Peru; Cuming! Sowerby: also Or-

bigny.

Peru; Hanley.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 2 odd valves were found.

389. Lima anguilata.

Synonymy.

Lima angulata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 23. Feb. 1843.

Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 86. No. 12. Lp 22.

f. 39, 40. - - = 1843.

— ——- Orb. Vey, Amer. Merid. Moll. j p- 653. 1846,

AVICULA. Panama Shells. 473

Station.—Sandy mud, 12 to 20 fathoms; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat Panama and Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Sowerby:

also Orbigny.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We found 1 entire shell and 8 odd valves.

390. Lima Pacifica.

Synonymy.

Lima arcuata Sowb. (non Geinitz 1840) Thes. Conch. p. 86.

No. 15. pl. 22. f. 41-2. - - - - 1843.

— Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 268. 1845?

—— Pacifica Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 654. 1846.

Station.—Under stones at the low water mark of the spring

tides.

Habitat Guayaquil and Panama; Cuming! Orbigny.

Panama; Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

‘ At Lord Hood’s I., under coral rocks; at Panama, in sandy

mud; at Guayaquil Bay ; at Guacomayo, under stones, &c., by

Mr. Cuming.” Sowerby.

3 specimens were found alive on the reef.

Family—A VICULID &.

391. Avicula margaritifera?

Under the name of A. margaritifera are included several

kindred but distinct types. It would be of great service to the

general subject of the geographical distribution of marine

species, if some one would collect authentic materials, and

investigate the peculiarities of the local types.

Station.—In the crevices of rocks near low water mark.

Halhitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

We found only 2 living, rather young, specimens. Probably

JULY, 1852. 40 Ann. Lyc. Nar. Hist.

474 Panama Shells. MYTILID &.

these are identical with the species which occurs abundantly in

some parts of the Bay of Panama, and from which pearls are

procured.

392. Avicula sterma.

Synonymy.

Avicula sterna Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. p. 93. Noy. 1851.

Station.—Attached to a small species of Gorgona, at the low

water mark of the spring tides.

Habitat.—Panama ; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama CO. BaAcd

10 specimens were collected on the reef.

393. Perna - Sp. indet. a.

Station.—Under stones and in the crevices of rocks at low

water mark.

Habitat.—La Paz; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Panama) 0.75: Alt

130 specimens were collected on the reef.

394. Perna - Sp. indet. 6.

With the preceding: 30 specimens were collected.

Family—MY TILID At.

395. Pinna maura.

Synonymy.

Pinna maura Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 84. June 1835,

— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 255. . 1845?

Station.—Muddy banks; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat_—Panama ; Cuming ! Sowerby.

Panama; Hanley !

MODIOLA. Panama Shells. A475

Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

396. Pinna tuberculosa.

Synonymy.

Pinna tuberculosa Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 84. June 1835.

— ——_—— Hanley Desc. Catal. p. 255. 1845?

Station —Muddy banks ; Cuming! Sowerby.

We found it in crevices of rocks, near low water mark.

Habitat.— Panama ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

4 specimens were found on the reef.

397. Mytilus . Sp. indet. a.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

398. Lithodomus - Sp. indet. a.

Station—In thick shells, between half tide and low water

mark.

20 specimens were collected on the reef.

399. Modiola semifusca?

Synonymy.

Modiola semifusca (?) Lam. An. sans Vert. No. 11. 1820.

Sowb. Gen. pl. —. f. 6. 1824.

—— ————_ (?) Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 22. No, 11.

(Desh. ed.) - 1836.

Mytilus Guiaénsis Kiist. (an Lam. ?) Dasidh; Cab. “G A 1. 1840.

476 Panama Shells. MYTILIDZ&.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

A few dead shells were found in several places near Panama,

and fine specimens were procured at the fruit shanty. 35 spe-

cimens were obtained.

400. Modiola - Sp. indet. a.

Station.—In the crevices of rocks, between half tide and low

water mark.

Habitat——Panama and Taboga: C. B. A.!

6 specimens were obtained.

401. Modiola » Sp. indet. 0.

Station.—-In the crevices of rocks, between half tide and low

water mark.

Habitat—Taboga; C. B. A.!

35 specimens were collected.

402. Modiola . Sp.indet. c.

Station.—Unknown.

4 specimens were obtained.

403. Modiola

» Sp.indet. d.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

404. Modiola . Sp.indet. e.

Station.—In soft, partly calcareous stones, not far from half

tide level.

CHAMA. Panama Shells. 477

Habitat—_Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were obtained.

Family—-CH AMID.

405. Chama Buddiana. Nov. sp.

Shell orbicular or subtriangular: exterior surface and inner

margins purplish red, with the spines pure white: surface

uneven, with interrupted radiating strize; upper valve orna-

mented with a few radiating series of short thick triangular

vaulted spines: lower valve attached by about two-thirds to

three-quarters of its surface, the rest being like the upper valve,

but with the dentiform spines smaller: within both valves are

deeply and finely crenulated at the junction of the white sur-

face and red margin: beak submarginal. LEasily distinguished

from C. Pacifica and C. Broderipit by the small thick dentiform

triangular white spines.

Diameter about 3 inches.

Station.—On ledges of rocks, a little above low water mark.

The lower valve is so firmly attached as to render it difficult to

obtain specimens entire without the use of mineralogical tools.

Habitat—Guaymas; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.

Panama: C. B. A.

6 specimens were obtained.

Named in honor of Dr. B. W. Budd of New York city.

406. Chama corrugata!?

Synonymy.

Chama corrugata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 150. Dee. 1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. I. 305.

pe isk te Mie Sore? Wie nee

—— Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 229. 1845 ?

— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 2. f. 9. Dec. 1846.

Possibly our shell may be a large specimen of C. Panamen-

478 Panama Shells. ARCID&.

sis Reeve. Having only 2 odd valves with an eroded surface,

we are unable to determine the species with confidence.

Station.-Attached to stones at low water; Cuming! Brode-

rip. Under stones; Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat.—Real Llejos; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve.

Central America; Hanley.

Real Llejos ; Jay.

Panama O23. 2A]

We found only 2 valves.

407. Chama echinata.

Synonymy.

Chama echinata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 150. Dec. 1834.

— Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 305. pl. 39.

f.5=%../ = = = = = = - 1835.

Reeve Conch. Icon, pl. 7. f. 35. junior. Jan. 1847.

Station.—At low water, attached to rocks; Cuming! Broderip:

also Reeve. On rocks near low water mark.

Habitat—Puerto Portrero; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

15 specimens were obtained.

Family—ARCID.&.

408. Nucula Elemensis.

Synonymy.

Nucula Elenensis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 198. Dec. 1832.

Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 191. 1836.

—_—— -—_—_——. Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 19. pl. 15. f. 14. 1841.

pa Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 85. f. 14. Sept. 1841.

———— ————— Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 169. 1845?

With some hesitation we have referred our specimens to this

species, although we cannot detect the “‘marginibus crenulatis.”

NUCULA. Panama Shells. 479

Station—Sandy mud, at a depth of 6 fathoms ; Cuming!

Sowerby.

Habitat—St. Hlena; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

West Columbia; Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

20 odd valves were found.

409. Nucula exigua.

Synonymy.

Nucula exigua Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 198. Dec. 1832.

Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 192. 1836.

—— Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 34. pl. 16. f. 24. 1841.

ee Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 172. 1845 ?

——— ——- Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 625. 1846.

Station.—Sandy mud, in 9 fathoms; Cuming! Sowerby:

Habitat Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller:

also Orbigny.

West Columbia; Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 valve only was found.

410. Nucula polita.

Synonymy.

Nucula polita Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 198. Dec. 1832.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VI. 507. No. 8. (Desh. ed.) 1835.

——— —— Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 190. 1836.

—— —— Lam. An. sans Vert. II. 660. No. 8. (Desh. ed. tert.) 1839.

——— —— Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 16. pl. 15. f. 11. 1841.

—— —— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 85. f. 11. Sept. 1841.

——— —— Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 169. 1845?

Station.— A single specimen of this very beautiful species was

dredged up in sand from a depth of 7 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby.

480 Panama Shells. ARCIDE:

Hoabitat—Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Panama; Deshayes: also Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

10 odd valves were found.

411. Pectunculus assimilis.

Synonymy.

Pectunculus assimilis Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 196. Dec. 1832.

Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 189. 1836.

——- - Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 4. f. 15. Mar, 1843.

ee - Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 629. 1846.

In the number, width, and form of the cross bands of brown

our specimens are so variable that no two are alike, and two

of them have most of the ground color of a greyish blue. In

respect of coloring, therefore, the species does not appear to be

well distinguished from P. inequalis. Nor is the distinction in

sculpture much more constant.

Station —In sandy mud and gravel, in from 8 to 12 fathoms;

Cuming! Sowerby : also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones, in calcareous gravel,

between one quarter tide and low water mark.

Habitat—Puerto Portrero, Bay of Guayaquil, Central Ame-

rica; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller: also

Reeve: also Orbigny.

Guayaquil; Jay.

Mazatlan ; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

20 specimens were collected on the reef.

A common ambiguity again appears in Mr. Sowerby’s state-

ment; since the Bay of Guayaquil (and Puerto Portrero ?) is not

in Central America, is the latter mentioned as a third locality ?

ARCA. Panama Shells. 481

412. Pectunculus maculatus?

Synonymy.

Pectunculus maculatus Brod. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 126. June 1832.

— ———— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 4. Feb. 1843.

Station.—In fine gravel in 11 fathoms water; Cuming!

Broderip.

Habitat—Puerto Portrero; Cuming! Broderip: also Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained only one specimen. It is nearly covered with

very large irregular spots and radiating lines of dark red; it is

also very convex at the umbones, and in both of these charac-

ters appears to differ from the P. maculatus as described by Mr.

Broderip, and as figured by Mr. Reeve.

413. Area alternata.

Synonymy.

Byssoarca alternata Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 17. Feb. 1833.

— Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 184. 1836.

Arca —-— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 13. f. 88. Apr. 1843.

—— ———— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 156. 1845?

——_——— ——-— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 638. 1846.

Station.—Attached to stones, on a rocky bottom, at the

depth of 12 fathoms ; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat.—W est Columbia; Cuming! Sowerby : also Reeve.

Equador; Cuming! Orbigny.

West Columbia ; Hanley.

Mazatlan ; HE. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

4 specimens were collected.

414. Area aviculoides?

Synonymy.

Arca auriculata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 20. Feb. 1833.

482, Panama Shells. ARCID&.

Arca aviculoides Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 10. f. 63. Mar. 1844.

Station—Muddy bottom at the depth of 10 fathoms; Cum-

ing! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat.—St. Elena ; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained, which is too young to be confi-

dently determined without a series.

415. Area emarginata.

Synonymy.

Arca emarginata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 20. Feb. 1833.

—— Miill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 180. 1836.

—— ——_—— Reeve Conch. ‘Icon: pl. 4. f. 26. Jan. 1844.

—— ————— Hanley Deser. Catal. p 161. 1845?

—— ———— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 635. 1846,

Station.—Sandy mud at the depth of 6 or 8 fathoms; Cum-

ing! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Hlabitat.—Real Llejos, Atacamas, Xipixapi, Panama, and

Gulf of California; Cuming! Sowerby: also

Reeve.

Atacama, Xipixapi, and Panama; Cuming!

Orbigny.

Central America; Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were obtained.

416. Arca gradata.

Synonymy.

Arca gradata Brod. and Sowb. in Zool. Journ. IV. 365. 1829.

Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 152. pl. 43. f. 1. 1839.

— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 14. f. 92. Apr. 1844.

—— Hanley Descer. Catal. p. 155. 1845 2

—_—_

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 636. 1846.

ARCA. Panama Shells. 4838

Station.—Attached to stones ; Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones near low water mark.

Fabitat.—Mazatlan ; Broderip: also Beechey’s Voyage.

St. Elena; Cuming! Reeve: also Orbigny.

St. Elena; Jay.

Mexico ; Hanley.

Santa Barbara; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were found.

417. Area grandis.

Synonymy.

Arca grandis Brod. et Sowb. in Zool. Jour. IV. 365. 1829.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 4. Dec. 1843.

—. Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 160. 1845 ?

— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 637. 1846.

Station.—Our specimens were found half buried in mud and

small algse, under trees, a little above half tide level.

Habitat—Unknown; Broderip.

Real Llejos, Bay of Guayaquil, &c., Western Coast

of S. America; Cuming! also Hinds! Reeve.

Guayaquil; Fontaine! Orbigny.

Panama; Jay.

Panama: C. B. A.!

13 specimens were obtained. This species is used by the

natives for food. A single valve taken from a heap of the

shells of edible mollusks weighs 24 lbs.

418. Awea mutabilis.

Synonymy.

Byssoarca mutabilis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 17. Feb. 1833.

Arca Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 13. f. 85. Apr. 1844.

Hanley Descer. Catal. p. 156. 1845?

484 Panama Shells. ARCIDA.

Arca mutabilis Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 638. 1846.

Station.—Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones and in the crevices

of rocks, near low water mark.

Habitat.—I. of Plata; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve: also

Orbigny.

West Columbia; Hanley.

I. of Plata; Jay.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

70 specimens were collected; among them are some remark-

able varieties of form.

419. Awea (Byssoarca) pholadiformis. Nov. sp.

Shell extremely elongated, subcylindrical, contracted ante-

riorly, very inequilateral: inferior margin a little irregular,

somewhat excurved, scarcely gaping for the passage of the bys-

sus: posterior margin very oblique, moderately excurved : ante-

rior margin well rounded: dingy white: surface very finely and

closely fimbriated, with the concentric ridges larger except above

the posterior angle of the umbo, on which the concentric ridges

are lamellar: with the intersections nodular and deeply marked

beneath with the arcuate striz of growth: umbones flattened,

with a very prominent and very oblique posterior angle, from

which the radiating ribs divaricate: beaks small: area of

ligament linear, nearly concealed: margins of the interior finely

crenulate; teeth obsolete at the middle of the series, at the

ends divaricate. The sculpture is like that of A. divaricata

Reeve.

Length 1.25 inch; height .53 inch; breadth .48 inch.

Station.—In soft stones, near low water mark.

Habitat.—Taboga; C. B. A.!

2 specimens of this extraordinary shell were obtained.

ARCA. Panama Shells. 485

420. Arvca Reeveana.

Synonymy.

Arca Helblingii Reeve (non Brug.) Conch. Icon. ee

90 pars. pl. 14. f. 90 ? - - Apr. 1844.

—— Reeveana Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 635. 1846.

Station.— Under stones at low water; Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were found in the same situation.

Habitat—St. Elena, Monte Christi; Cuming! Reeve.

Payta; Fontaine! Orbigny.

Panama; C. B. A.!

9 specimens were collected: one of them is nearly 4 inches

long. Mr. Reeve mentions also I. Corregidor, Philippines,

where probably the true A. Helblingii was obtained.

421. Avea veversa.

Synonymy.

Arca reversa Sowb. in Proce, Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 20. Feb. 1833.

Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 180. 1836.

—— hemicardium Koch. in Phil. Abbild. I. pl. 1. f. 1. Mar. 1843,

—— reversa Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 5. Dec. 1843,

pices Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 635. 1846.

Station.—Soft mud, at the depth of 7 fathoms; Cuming !

Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat—Tumbez; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve: also

Orbigny.

Unknown: Koch.

Panama; C. B. A.!

4 odd valves were found.

422, Area similis. Nov. sp.

Shell ellipsoidal, very inequilateral, slightly auriculate: infe-

rior margin subrectilinear ; anterior and posterior margins well

486 Panama Shells. ARCID&.

rounded: dorsal margin somewhat oblique: white: with an

epidermis, which is greenish brown on the young shell, and

brownish black on an old shell: with forty to forty-four ribs,

which are larger and more sharply angled posteriorly : umbones

prominent, flattened, not angulated: area of the ligament nar-

row, depressed: margins of the interior pectinated by the ribs:

teeth small. It resembles A. tuberculosa Sowb.

Length 2.2 inches; height 1.3 inch ; breadth 1.1 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

10 specimens were obtained.

423. Awea solida.

Synonymy.

Byssoarca solida Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 18. Feb. 1833.

— Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 186. 1836.

Arca Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f. 106. May 1844.

—— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 155. 1845 ?

— —— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 633. 1846.

Station.—Under stones; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones, near low water mark.

Habitat—Payta; Cuming! Sowerby; also Reeve: also Or-

bigny. |

Peru; Hanley.

Payta; Jay: Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Panama and Taboga: C. B. A.!

60 specimens were collected.

424, Area (Byssoarca) Tabogensis. Nov. sp.

Shell not much elongated, not very inequilateral; inferior

margin nearly straight, a little gaping for the passage of

the byssus; posterior margin oblique, rectilinear or mode-

ARGA. Panama Shells. 487

rately excurved; anterior margin well rounded: dingy white,

with blackish brown epidermis: with numerous very pro-

minent but very narrow linear ribs, which are often alter-

nately large and small, and of which a few at each extremity

are a little stouter and are subnodulous; with a few indistinct

concentric lines: umbones prominent, flattened: area of the

ligament very narrow, anteriorly widened abruptly: margins

of the interior finely and irregularly crenulated: middle teeth

very small. The epidermis is between pilose and lamellar,

with the points long posteriorly.

Length 1.8 inch; height .85 inch; breadth .65 inch.

Station.—Under stones near low water mark.

Habitat—Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

60 specimens were collected, mostly at Taboga.

425. Awea tuberculosa.

Synonymy.

Arca tuberculosa Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 19. Feb. 1833.

— Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 179. 1836.

— — Phil. Abbild. I. pl. 1. f. 2. Mar. 1843.

— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 3. f. 18. Jan, 1844.

— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 161. 1845?

Station—Found at low water at the roots of the mangrove

trees; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve. Our specimens were

found in impalpable mud, under a mangrove thicket, near high

water mark.

Halitat—Real Llejos ; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Pacific Ocean, Central America ; Philippi.

South America; Hanley.

Real Llejos ; Jay.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.

Panama; C. B. A.!

488 Panama Shells. CARDIIDA.

We procured 147 specimens, many of which were obtained

from the natives. The animal is used by them for food.

426. Areca

« Sp. indet.. ‘a.

2 specimens were found. They are too young for descrip-

tion. The species is remarkable for the prominence and sharp-

ness of one of its two umbonial angles.

Family—CARDIIDA.

427. Cardita afffiimis.

Synonymy.

Cardita affinis Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 195. Dee. 1832.

- Miill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 211. May 1836.

— —— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1-f. 6. June 1843.

———— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 149. 1845 ?

modulosa (?) Val. Voy. Venus Moll. pl. 22. f. 2. 1846.

Valenciennes quotes Lamarck for the name which he gives to

this species, which must therefore be an error for nodulosa.

But the Lamarckian shell probably belongs to a different species,

for it is said to be Australian. The name nodulosa is yet

farther involved in errors, by its reappearance in Reeve’s

Iconica for a very different species.

Station —Sandy mud, at a depth of from 6 to 12 fathoms ;

Cuming ! Sowerby.

Our specimens were found in stones and rocks at and below

half tide level. It is a boring species.

Habitat—Bay of Montija and Gulf of Nicoya; Cuming!

Sowerby : also Miiller.

Central America; Hanley.

Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

West Columbia; Jay.

CARDITA. Panama Shells. 489

Guaymas; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!

70 specimens were collected.

428. Cardita laticostata.

Synonymy.

Cardita latecostata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 195. Dee. 1832.

— Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 210. May 1836.

ee Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 7. f. 36. Aug. 1843.

———— ———— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 146. 1845?

— — Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 582. 1846,

——_ arcella Val. Voy. Venus. Moll. pl. 22. f. 1. 1846.

Reeve Elem. Conch. pl. 35. f. 191. 1849 ?

Statoon.—In sand, at a depth of 6 to 12 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby.

In coarse sand and mud at the depth of from 10 to 12

fathoms ; Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were found partly buried in calcareous sand

and gravel, under stones, near the low water mark of spring

tides.

Habitat—Guacomayo, St. Elena, Panama, and Real Llejos;

Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

St. Elena, Panama, Real Llejos, Guayaquil, &c.

Cuming! Reeve.

All the Coast of Peru from Payta to St. Elena in

’ Equador; Orbigny.

Central America; Hanley.

Guayaquil and Real Llejos; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 150 specimens on the reef.

429. Cardita radiata.

Synonymy.

Cardita radiata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 195. — Dee. 1882.

JULY, 1852, 4] Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

490) Panama Shells. CARDIIDA.

Cardita radiata Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 211. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 5. June 1843.

—— Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 148. 1845 ?

ea Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 582. 1846.

Station —In muddy sand at the depth of from 6 to 12 fathoms ;

Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found near low water mark.

Habitat.—Salango and Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also

Miiller: also Orbigny: also Reeve.

West Columbia and Panama; Hanley.

Salango and Panama; Jay.

We collected 20 specimens in various stages of growth.

430. Cardium graniferum.

Synonymy.

Cardium graniferum Brod. et Sowb. in Zool. Journ. IV. 367. 1829.

Sowb. Conch. Hl. No. 38. pl. 49. f. 17. 1841.

———-— ——————- Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 76. f. 17. Sept. 1841.

—_ —- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 8. f. 43. Nov. 1844.

—— ————— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 137. 1845?

——- —————. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 592. 1846.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Mazatlan ; Broderip.

Pacific Ocean ; Cuming! Sowerby.

Gulf of Nicoya and Xipixapi; Cuming! Reeve:

also Orbigny.

Pacific; Hanley.

West Columbia; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A. !

6 odd valves were found.

CARDIUM. Panama Shells. 49}

431. Cardium obovale.

Synonymy.

Cardium obovale Brod. and Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 84.. - - - - 7 - July 1833.

———— ——— Miill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 217. May 1836.

———— ———._ Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 90. pl. 46. f. 4. 1841.

———- —— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 73. f. 4. Sept. 1841.

———-— ——- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 21. f. 117. Mar. 1845.

— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 593. 1846.

Station.—Sandy mud, at the depth of 11 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat.— Xipixapi; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller: also

Reeve: also Orbigny.

Panama; C. B. A.!

3 odd valves of this remarkable species were found.

432. Cardium planicostatum.

Synonymy.

Cardium planicostatum Sowb. Proc. Zool.Soc. Lond. p.83. July 1833.

Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 217. May 1836.

———- -——————_ Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 83. pl. 50.

E 25.-= - - - - 1841.

——————— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 6. f. 31. Nov. 1844.

Station—In fine sand at the depth of 18 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat.—Guacomayo ; Cuming! Sowerby : also Miiller: also

Reeve.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 valve of this extremely rare shell was obtained.

433. Cardium procerum.

Synonymy.

Cardium procerum Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 83. July 1833.

492 Panama Shells. CARDIID2A.

Cardium procerum Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 216. May 1836.

— —— Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 61. pl. 50. f. 23. 1841.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 77. f. 23. Sept. 1841.

—_—_—_— ———— _ Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 10. f. 51. Dec. 1844.

—_—__—_ ———— Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 140. 1848?

—_—__—— ———— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 594. 1846.

Station.—-In coarse sand, at a depth of from 4 to 6 fathoms;

Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat.—Real Llejos; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miller: also

Reeve.

Real Llejos; Jay.

Mazatlan ; Melchers! Menke.

Panama; C. B. A.!

6 odd valves were collected, and many more were seen on the

beach east of Panama.

434. Cardium senticosum.

Synonymy.

Cardium senticosum Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p.84. July 18338.

a Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 218. May 1836.

—— owb. Conch. IL No, 43. pl 47. f 10. 1841.

a Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 74. f. 10. Sept. 1841.

——— rastrum Reeve in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. ubz ?

———-— ——— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 16. f. 82. Jan. 1845.

———— senticosum Reeve Conch. Icon. Ind. and Errata

of Cardium - - - - Mar. 1845.

——_—— ————— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 137. 1845 ?

——_——- ———— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 598. 1846.

Mr. Reeve’s reference to Proc. Z. 8., 1841, for Sowerby’s

description is evidently a misprint for 1833; and the reference

to the same work, 1845, for C. rastrwm seems erroneous. Mr.

Hanley’s reference to Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 84 is also a

misprint for 74.

Station.—In sandy mud, at from 6 to 12 fathoms depth ;

Cuming! Sowerby.

VENUS. Panama Shells. 498

Habitat.—St. Elena; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miller: also

Reeve in Index of Cardium: also Orbigny.

S. America; Hanley.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

5 specimens were found.

Family—VENERIDA.

435. Wenus amathusia?

Synonymy.

Venus amathusia Phil. Abbild. I. pl. 2. f. 4. Apr. 1844.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Unknown; Philippi.

Mazatlan ; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained two specimens.

436. Wemus discors?

Synonymy.

Venus discors Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 42. March 1885.

- Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 563. 1846.

Station—In sandy mud at from 6 to 9 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby.

Our specimens were found in coarse sand among stones be-

tween one-quarter and one-half tide level.

Habitat—St. Elena and Guacomayo; Cuming! Sowerby :

also Orbigny.

Guaymas; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Panama; OC, B. A.!

We collected 146 specimens on the reef.

437. Vemus gmidia.

Synonymy.

Venus gnidia Brod. et Sowb. in Zool. Journ, [V. 364. 1829.

494 Panama Shells. VENERID&.

Venus gnidia Gray in Beech. Voy. Zool. pl. 41. f. 3. 1839.

- Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 68. f. 5. Sept. 1841.

—_—— ——— Hanley’s Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 13. f. 43. 1845 #

——— -——— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 113. 1845 ?

——— ——— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 564. 1846.

Station.— Unknown.

Hakitat—Pacific; Hanley.

Payta; Fontaine! Orbigny.

San Blas; Jay.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 4 specimens of a variety which is distinguished

by smaller size and proportionally more approximate concen-

tric ridges. Very fine specimens, with the concentric ridges dis-

tant, thin, and much elevated, are sometimes obtained at Panama.

438. Wemus multicostata.

Synonymy.

Venus multicostata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 22. Feb 1835.

Hanley Descer. Catal. p. 128. 1845 #

—— Thouarsi Val. Voy. Venus. Moll. pl. 16. f. 2. 1846.

Station.—In coarse sand, at low water; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat.—Bay of Panama; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; Hanley: also Jay.

La Paz; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

5 specimens were collected.

439. Vemus pectunculoides.

Synonymy.

Venus pectunculoides Val. in Voy. Veuus. Moll. pl. 16. f. 3. 1846.

VENUS. Panama Sheils. 495

Station.—In coarse sand, between one quarter and one half

tide level.

Habiiat.—Guaymas; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.

Panama; C. B. A.!

172 specimens were collected under a marine grove, on the

reef, &c.

440. Yenus subrugosa.

Synonymy.

Venus subrugosa Sowb. Gen. pl. —. f. 2. pl. —. f. 5. 1824!

Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 2. f. 6. 1828.

——— ———— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 67. f. 2. Sept. 1841.

——— ———— Phil. Abbild. I. pl. 3. f. 6, 7. Noy. 1844.

——_— ————— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 116. 1845?

— — Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 561. 1846.

Cytherea subsulcata Menke must resemble this species.

Station.—We found this mollusk partly buried in coarse sand

among stones, or under trees, near half tide level.

Habitat—Panama; Wood: also Hanley: also Jay.

Peru; Philippi! Orbigny.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.: also Mus.

Hssex Inst.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 33 specimens on the reef, and in a marine grove

west of Panama.

441, Yemus

Sp. indet. a.

12 odd valves were found at Taboga and Panama.

442, Wemus

Sp. indet. 6,

Station.—In coarse sand, near half tide level.

Habitat— Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 14 specimens.

496 Panama Shells. VENERIDZ.

443. Cytherea affimis.

Synonymy.

Cytherea affinis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 45. Mar. 1835.

— Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 15. f. 27. 18452

——- Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 630. No. 62. pl. 132. f. 101. 1851.

Station —Sandy mud at a depth of 10 fathoms ; Cuming!

Sowerby.

Habitat—Panama and Xipixapi; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; C. B. A.!

10 specimens were found on the beach west of Panama.

444. Cytherea aurantiaca.

Synonymy.

Cytherea aurantiaca Sowb. Gen. pl. —. f. 3. 1824 ?

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 69. f. 3. Sept. 1841. 4

——— aurantia Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 15. f. 20. 1845?

———- aurantiaca Jay Catal. p. 35. Dec. 1850.

———— aurantia Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 628. No. 58. pl. 132.

fe PIs. = E : 2 = - 1851.

Station —Unknown.

Habitat— Unknown; Sowerby: also Hanley.

Gulf of Nicoya; Jay.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.: also

Gould MSS.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

We collected 3 specimens of this beautiful shell.

445. Cytherea comsanguimea. Nov.sp. —_--

Shell obovate, subcordate, with the ventral margin well

excurved: very pale straw color, with numerous yellowish

brown linear rays, which are more or less interrupted, and

which usually terminate before reaching the margin: smooth

and shining, with the lines of growth very minute: beaks pro-

CYTHEREA. Panama Shells. 497

minent, approximate: posterior area long and narrow, well

defined: lunule cordiform, defined by a well impressed line ;

both areas striate: margin of the interior not crenulate: ante-

rior tooth much larger than the others. This shell belongs to a

group of very closely allied species, among which are C. inflata,

C. albida, C. convexa, ke.

Length 1.25 inch; height 1 inch; breadth .68 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

We found 8 specimens on the reef.

446. Cytherea radiata.

Synonymy.

Cytherea radiata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 23. Feb. 1835.

- Hanley in Deser. Catal. p. 106. 1845?

— Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 615. No. 9. pl. 128. f.

28-31. - - - - = Soe io

Station.—In sandy mud at a depth of 9 Late Cuming !

Sowerby.

Hobitat.—Salango and Xipixapi; Cuming! Sowerby.

‘ West Columbia; Hanley: also Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

447. Cytherea squalida.

Synonymy.

Cytherea squalida Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 23. Feb. 1835.

biradiata Gray in Beech. Voy. Zool. p. 151. pl. 48. f. 5. 1839.

— Siebold in Wiegm. Archiv. 1839.

squalida Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 629. No. 61 (pars).

pl. 181. f. 87. (88, 89 exclus.) - -| 185%:

Mr. Sowerby (in Thes. Conch.) says that the species, as there

constituted, was first named from specimens brought by Mr.

498 Panama Shells. VENERID 2.

Cuming from the Philippine Islands: but there must be some

error in this statement, for in Feb. 1835, Mr. Cuming had not

made his collections in the Philippine Islands, and Mr. Sowerby,

in the original description in Proc. Zool. Soe. at that time, gave

the station and locality as we have quoted below. Conse-

quently the name C. drradiata must stand as a synonym of

C. squalida, and the shells from the Philippine Islands should

be named and described as a distinct species.

Station.—In sandy mud, at a depth of 6 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby.

Habitat.—St. Elena; Cuming! Sowerby, 1835.

Abundantly at San Blas and Mazatlan; Beechey!

also Siebold.

California ; Sowerby, 1851.

La Paz; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst.

West Columbia, Mazatlan, and California; Jay.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

448. Artemis Dunkeri.

Synonymy.

Cytherea Dunkeri Phil. Abbild. I. pl. 2. f. 5. Oct. 1844.

Artemis Pacifica (Mus. Berol.) Trosch.in Wiegm. Archiv. p. 824. 1844.

Dunkeri Reeve Conch. Ieon. pl. 6. f. 34. March 1850.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Pacific shore of Mexico; Philippi: also Troschel.

St. Elena and Panama, Central America (?); Cum-

ing! Reeve.

Pacific; Jay.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould MSS.: also Mus.”

Essex Inst.

Panama; C. B. A.!

36 specimens were found on the beach next west of Panama.

CYRENA. Panama, Shells. 499

449. Artemis saccata.

Synonymy.

Arthemis saccata Gould in Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. p. 91. Nov. 1851.

Station —Unknown.

Hahitat—Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould.

Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were obtained.

450. Gouldia Pacifica. Nov. sp.

Shell subtriangular, but with the ventral margin well

excurved: the color varying in different specimens from dingy

white to pale brown, often tinged with red about the beaks,

with some narrow rays of brown, and rarely with short irregu-

lar lines of brown: with eight to twelve stout subequal concen-

tric ridges : sometimes radiately striated: beaks very acute and

closely approximate: posterior area moderately depressed:

lunule defined by a well impressefl line, rising at the margin of

the valves: margin of the interior not crenulate. It is closely

allied to G. parva Ad.

Length .22 inch; height .19 inch; breadth .09 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 4 entire shells and 60 odd valves.

451. Cyrena maritima. Nov. sp.

Shell subtriangular, but with the ventral margin well

excurved, ventricose, thin: dingy white, more or less viola-

ceous in the posterior half: with an olivaceous coarsely striate

epidermis: with well impressed strie of growth: beaks very

prominent, approximate: umbones very prominent: with a

prominent posterior angle, and another less developed posterior

500 Panama Shells. TELLENID&.

angle, which defines the area of the corselet: with an indis-

tinct intermediate angle: lunule broad and deep, but not well

defined : ligament large: margins thin: with all the cardinal

and lateral teeth well developed, but not thick.

The dimensions of two specimens are as follows :—

Length 2 inches; height 1.75 inches; breadth 1.5 inches.

dena AY aia ot) eee ae FS tO

Station.—In impalpable mud, under bushes, at high water

mark, where a small stream emptied.

Some of the dead shells, which had not been moved from

their station, had Balani growing in them.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

+ miles east of Panama 9 specimens were collected.

Family—TELLENID&.

452. Lucina tellimoides.

Synonymy.

Lucina tellinoides Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 9. f. 56. June 1850.

Station.—In sandy mud, at a depth of about 11 fathoms ;

Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat.—I. of Muerte; Cuming! Reeve.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

30 specimens were collected.

453. Capsa altior.

Synonymy.

Capsa altior Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 196. Dee. 1832.

—-- Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 225. May 1836.

——— —— Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 14. f. 34. 1845 ?

——— —— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 86. 1845 ?

Station.—Coarse gravel, in 12 fathoms water; and a variety,

DONAX. Panama WSheils. 501

which is smaller and higher, at a depth of 5 fathoms in thin

mud; Cuming! Sowerby.

The only living specimen which we found was buried one or

two inches deep in sand, on a sandy flat, near low water mark.

Habitat.—Gulf of Nicoya; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Tumbez (for the var. above mentioned); Cuming!

Sowerby: also Miiller.

Peru and Central America; Hanley.

Punta St. Elena; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were obtained.

454. Domax assimilis.

Synonymy.

Donazx assimilis Hanley in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 17. Mar. 1845.

Station.—At about three quarters tide level, buried a few

inches deep in sand. It is frequently used for food by the

inhabitants. The regard which these mollusks have to a deter-

minate level, was shown by a method for finding them, which

was employed by a negro woman, who was seen several times

collecting them. Beginning below the level where they might

be found, the sand was scooped up with a calabash, in a line

running up the beach, until the shells were found. Then by

keeping to this level, every calabash full of sand yielded more

or less of the Donaz.

Habitat—Panama; Hanley.

Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Mus. Essex Inst

Panama; C. B. A.!

350 specimens were collected.

455. Domax gracilis.

Synonymy.

Donaxz gracilis Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 15. — Feb. 18465.

502 Panama Shells. TELLENID A.

Station — Unknown.

Habitat—Bay of Guayaquil, and of Caraccas, Chiriqui;

Cuming! Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

20 odd valves were taken on the beach west of Panama.

456. Domax navicula.

Synonymy.

Donax navicula Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 15. Feb. 1845.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Gulf of Nicoya; Cuming! Hanley.

Panama; K. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.|}

3 specimens were obtained.

457. Domax rostratus. Nov. sp.

Shell elongated, inequilateral, rostrated anteriorly ; ventral

edge excurved along the middle, anteriorly rectilinear; anterior

margin very oblique, nearly rectilinear, forming with the ventral

edge a rostriform extremity: purple and dingy yellowish brown,

more or less in ill defined zones; interior with the same colors

not in zones: posteriorly and near the beaks smooth and shin-

ing; with rather distant very fine radiating stris over the

middle of the disc; striz coarser anteriorly, more distant next

behind and more crowded before the umbonial angle ; the latter

are slightly rugose: beaks small, prominent: umbones pro-

minent; with a very sharp angle separating a concave anterior

surface ; within slightly radiately striated ; with the anterior and

ventral margins crenulated, more coarsely and deeply at the

anterior extremity: with a prominent lateral tooth on each

side of the cardinal teeth. It somewhat resembles D. cardinatus

Hanley.

Length 1.6 inch; height 1.15 inch; breadth .8 inch.

TELLIN A. Panama Shells. 502

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Mazatlan ; Lt. Green ! Gould MSS.

Santa Barbara; Col. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 valve only was obtained.

TELLEINA.—The number of species in this genus which

occur at Panama is extraordinary: it will be seen that 19 were

collected.

458. Wellima aurora ?

Synonymy.

Tellina aurora Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 147. Sept. 1844.

— Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 304.

No, 153. pl. 58. f. 76. : - : : 1846.

Station.—Soft sandy mud in 10 fathoms; Cuming! Hanley.

Halbitat— Panama; Cuming! Hanley.

Rio Janeiro; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

2 entire specimens were found.

Probably there is some error in Dr. Jay’s statement. One of

our specimens is colorless, and both of them are a little more

acuminated posteriorly by the more descending slope of the

dorsal margin than the specimen which is figured in the The-

saurus. An odd valve is less acuminated.

459. Tellima cognata. Nov. sp.

Shell subelliptical, solid, convex, subequilateral; ventral

margin slightly excurved; anterior margin broadly rounded ;

anterior dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping; posterior dor-

sal margin slightly concave, sloping equally with the posterior

dorsal; posterior extremity somewhat obliquely and very

broadly truncated; flexure slight; white, with a pale reddish —

or brownish tinge; with excessively minute unequal radiating

504 Panama Shells. TELLENIDZ.

strie; with concentric crowded somewhat oblique minute

stris, which terminate much before reaching the umbonial

angle, covering less than half of the posterior side, and which

are also wanting near the anterior dorsal margin: beaks not

very prominent: ligament short, conspicuous: lateral teeth

obsolete. Itis closely allied to 7 similis, which is said to be a

Caribbean species.

Length 1.75 inch; height 1.23 inch ; breadth .5 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat— Panama; C. B. A.!

A single valve was found.

460. WVellina Columbiemsis.

Synonymy.

Tellina Columbiensis Hanley in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond.

poet - - - - Apr. 1844.

a Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 307.

No. 166. pl. 65. f. 246. - - - 1846.

Station.—Sandy mud, 12 fathoms; Cuming! Hanley.

Habitat—Monte Christi; Cuming! Hanley.

Taboga: *C., B.A.

2 specimens were found. '

461. Wellima concinna. Nov. sp.

Shell subelliptical, rather thin, convex, with the anterior side

a little larger; ventral margin moderately excurved ; anterior

margin broadly rounded; anterior dorsal margin a little

excurved, moderately sloping; posterior dorsal margin nearly

straight, sloping equally with the anterior dorsal margin ; pos-

terior extremity somewhat obliquely and very broadly trun-

cated ; flexure slight: shining, snow-white, with a slight tinge

of pink in the middle; with very unequal, and, for the most

TELLINA. Panama Shells. 505

part, very fine concentric striz, which are much coarser poste-

riorly ; with excessively minute unequal radiating striz: beaks

not very prominent: ligament short, conspicuous: lateral teeth

obsolete.

Length 1.6 inch; height 1.02 inch; breadth .47 inch.

Stattoon.— Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

3 fine specimens were obtained.

462. TVellima crystallina.

Synonymy.

Tellina crystallina (Chem. XI. 210. f. 1947-8 ; teste Hanley)

(Wood. Ind. Test. pl. 3. f. 10 ; teste Hanley)*

— Wood. Gen. Conch. p. 149. 1835.

—— Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 66. 1845!

———— ————— Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch. I. 270.

Blob eh dav rap eee ee oe eae

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—St. Elena; Hanley.

We obtained only 1 valve.

463. Vellina Cumingii.

Synonymy.

Tellina Cumingii Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 59. Apr. 1844.

Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 228.

Wo. So pl wee, PS ree:

Station.—In coral sand; Cuming! Hanley.

Habitat—Guacomayo; Cuming! Hanley.

Panama; C. B, A.!

We found only 1 entire shell and 1 single valve.

* We have not had an opportunity of consulting Chemnitz and Wood's Index

since this species was determined.

JULY, 1852. 42, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

506 Panama Shells. TELLENID2-

464. VTellina Dombel.

Synonymy.

Tellina Dombei Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 144. Aug. 1844.

Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 323.

No. 199. pl @206 162))- 9) pee

Station.—In sandy mud, 12 fathoms; Cuming! Hanley.

Habitat—Panama; Cuming! Hanley.

Panama; Jay.

12 specimens were collected.

465. Wellima felix.

Synonymy.

Tellina felix Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 71. Apr. 1844.

—— Hanley in Thes. Conch. p. 281. No. 110. pl. 57.

fig. 52. 1846.

Station.—Sandy mud, 6 to 10 fathoms; Cuming! Hanley.

Habitet—Panama; Cuming! Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 36 odd valves on the beach west of Panama.

466. Fellima laceridens.

Synonymy.

Tellina laceridens Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 61. Apr. 1844.

Hanley in Thes. Conch. p. 243. No. 40. pl.

61. f. 168. 176. - - - - 1846.

Station —Sandy mud, 8 to 5 fathoms; Cuming! Hanley.

Habitat—Tumbez and Chiriqui; Cuming! Hanley.

West Columbia; Jay.

TELLINA. Panama Shells. 507

Panama; C. B. A.!

7 specimens were collected on the sand beaches.

467. TWellima prora.

Synonymy.

Tellina prora Hanley in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 61. Apr. 1844.

— Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 243. No. 39.

pl. 60. f. 152. 20 Wome aie! Grae wake Senos

Station.—Sandy mud, 6 to 9 fathoms; Cuming! Hanley.

Habitat. St. Elena and Salango; Cuming! Hanley.

Salango; Jay.

Panama: CO. By Ant

A single valve was found.

468. Teliima puella. Nov. sp.

Shell elongate, rather solid, convex, moderately inequilateral ;

ventral margin slightly excurved, posteriorly straight; anterior

margin broadly rounded; anterior dorsal margin slightly ex-

curved; posterior dorsal margin straight, rapidly sloping to an

acute posterior extremity; flexure moderate: white, more or

less deeply tinged with red, mostly near the margin : shining:

with excessively minute concentric striz, and some faint micro-

scopic radiating striz: beaks not very prominent: ligament

small: lateral teeth well developed.

Length .9 inch; height .53 inch; breadth .28 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

12 odd valves were collected.

469. Vellima rubescens.

Synonymy.

Tellina rubescens Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 60. Apr. 1844.

508 Panama WShells. TELLENIDZ.

Tellina rubescens Hanley in Sowb, Thes. Conch. p. 242. No.

38. pl. 60. f 153. - = = - 1846.

Station.—In sandy mud; Cuming! Hanley.

Habitat.—Panama and Tumbez; Cuming! Hanley.

Tumbez; Jay.,

Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were found.

470. Wellima siliqua. Nov. sp.

Shell elongate, subelliptic, very thin, very convex, very in-

equilateral; ventral margin nearly straight; anterior margin

well rounded; anterior dorsal margin slightly excurved, mode-

rately sloping; posterior dorsal margin straight or concave,

sloping to a small subtruncate posterior extremity; flexure

great: pure white: with excessively minute concentric striz:

beaks acute: ligament small: cardinal teeth small; lateral teeth

wanting. Dr. Gould suggested the very appropriate name

which we have adopted.

Length .7 inch; height .4inch; breadth .3 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

471—Tellina simulans. Nov. sp.

Synonymy.

Tellina punicea (pars) Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch. I. 239. {s46.

Shell subovate, solid, moderately convex, nearly inequilate-

ral; ventral margin slightly excurved; anterior margin well

rounded; anterior dorsal margin slightly excurved; poste-

rior dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping ; posterior extremity

obliquely truncated ; flexure slight: white, more or less deeply

tinged with rose color except near the margin and around the

TELLINA. Panama Shells. 509

pure white beaks; within of a very deep red: shining; with

deep crowded regular concentric sulci, which are of equal depth

at both extremities: beaks prominent: ligament short, conspi-

cuous: with a long posterior dorsal area well defined by an

angle: lateral teeth nearly obsolete. The difference between

this shell and 7. punicea is slight: its furrows are deeper and

are continued over the flexure without change of depth; the

interspaces are less flattened, and the lateral teeth are nearly

obsolete.

Length 1.18 inch; height .7 inch; breadth .8 inch.

Station.—In sandy mud at 10 fathoms: Cuming! Hanley.

Hatitat.—Xipixapi; Cuming! Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 valve was found.

472. Vellima sincera.

Synonymy.

Tellina sincera Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 68. Apr. 1844.

Hanley in Thes. Conch. p. 261. No. 70.

Pies TAA ee ee ae et Sa

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—N. W. Coast of America (Dr. Sinclair); Hanley in

Thesaurus.

15 specimens were obtained on the beach west of the town.

473. Wellima vicima. Nov. sp.

Shell very short, subovate, solid, convex, subequilateral ;

ventral margin well excurved, sometimes slightly incurved near

the flexure; anterior margin broadly rounded; anterior and

posterior dorsal margins nearly straight, sloping; posterior

extremity subtruncated ; flexure moderate: dingy white, some-

times tinged with yellowish brown; sometimes deep red, with

a10 Panama Shells. PETRICOLID.

a tinge of blue or grey; some whitish specimens are orna-

mented with bluish purple zigzag lines on the umbones, or

with a short ray of the same color before the beaks: with deep

unequal crowded concentric striz: beaks prominent: ligament

short, conspicuous: lateral teeth rather small. This species is

closely allied to 7! bimaculata, and has similar varieties of color-

ing, but is larger, higher, and has coarser strize.

Length .95 inch; height .78 inch; breadth .4 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

10 specimens were collected.

474, Tellima » Sp. indet. a.

1 valve, obtained near Panama, resembles an overgrown

7. elongata Hanley, which species Mr. Cuming found at Chiri-

qui: but the figure of that species in Sowb. Thes. represents

the umbonial angles as concave upwards, but in this shell they

are convex upwards, and consequently the posterior area is

less. Our specimen is more than 3 inches long.

475. TWellima « Sp. indet. 0.

A long elliptic plain white shell; 1 valve was found near

Panama.

476. Wellima

- Sp. indet. c.

Like T. puella, but less rostrate and more deeply striate; 5

odd valves were found near Panama.

Family—PETRICOLID A.

477. Petricola cognata. -Nov. sp.

Shell pholas-shaped, inequilateral: dingy white: in the

upper posterior area with very fine crowded radiating equal

CUMINGIA. Panama Shells. Bill

strie; in the lower posterior area with unequal fine raised

radiating lines; in the anterior half with radiating ribs, which

are ornamented with small thick vaulted scales; beaks small,

prominent: umbones prominent, somewhat flattened: lunule

defined by the anterior ribs, a little depressed: ventral margin

scalloped anteriorly. It is allied to P. pholadiformis Lam.

Length .92 inch; height .42 inch; breadth .44 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat,—Panama; C. B. A.

i specimen was obtained.

478. Saxicava tenuis ?

Synonymy.

Sazicava tenuis (?) Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 88. Aug, 1834.

The description of this species is too meagre to enable us to

identify our shell confidently.

Station.—In soft stones near half tide level.

Habitat.—Pacosmayo and Lambeyeque; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found in the same stone with Modzola, sp.

indet. e.

Family—M ACTRID i.

479. Cumingia coarctata.

Synonymy.

Cumingia coarctata Sowb. Gen. pl. —. f. 4.

— Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. p. 34. Mar. 1833.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 49. f. 4. Sept. 1841.

Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 12. f. 37. 1845?

Station.—Sandy, muddy bottom, 7 fathoms water; Cuming!

Sowerby.

512 Panama Shells. MACTRIDZ,

Habitat—Bay of Caraceas; Cuming! Sowerby.

Panama; C. B. A.!

4 specimens were obtained.

480. Cumingia trigonularis.

Synonymy.

Cumingia trigonularis Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 35. Mar. 1833.

—_——_ — Sowb. Gen. pl. —. f. 2.

—_—_—- ——-_———- Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 49. f 2. Sept. 1841.

Station— Among stones in deep water; Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat—St. Elena: Cuming! Sowerby-

3 specimens were found.

481. Cumingia - Sp. indet. a.

4 specimens were obtained near Panama.

482. Cumingia « Sp.indet. 6.

1 specimen was obtained near Panama.

483. Cumingia . Sp. indet. ¢.

1 valve was found near Panama.

484. Cuminmgia

2 Sp. indet. d.

1 specimen was found near Panama.

The above are probably new species of Cumingia ; but as

their characters are probably somewhat variable, more speci-

mens are requisite for good descriptions.

485. Ammphidesma bicolor. Nov. sp.

Shell elliptical, scarcely flexuous, inequilateral, the posterior

side being larger; with the posterior dorsal margin a little con-

AMPHIDESMA. Panama Shells. 5S

cave, otherwise with all the margins well rounded: purple near

the beaks, otherwise dingy white: interior similarly colored,

but with the purple region larger: smooth near the beaks,

otherwise with fine raised concentric lines, and crowded radiat-

ing strize, which are mostly microscopic, and which posteriorly

are divergent and wholly microscopic; beaks small, prominent :

umbones convex.

Length .85 inch; height .74 inch; breadth .42 inch.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 valve was found.

486. Amphidesma ellipticum ?

Synonymy.

Amphidesma ellipticum Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p- 200. - - . - Dee. 1832.

— — Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 45. 1845?

Station.—Dredged at a depth of 9 fathoms in sandy mud;

Cuming ! Sowerby.

Habitat—Monte Christi; Cuming! Sowerby.

West Columbia; Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We obtained 20 specimens on the reef at low water mark.

Most of them are in fine condition, although none were taken

alive.

487. Amphidesma proximum. Nov. sp.

Shell suborbicular, shghtly flexuous, a little inequilateral,

with the anterior dorsal margin concave, with the posterior

dorsal margin a little exeurved, subtruncated posteriorly, other-

wise with the margins well rounded: snow white, with a thin

slate or umber-colored epidermis : centrally and anteriorly with

very fine rather distant raised lines; with extremely minute

514 Panama Shells. MACTRIDZ,

radiating striz over the whole surface: beak small, approxi-

mate: left umbo more convex than the right one: corselet and

lunule long and narrow, concave. It is closely allied by varieties

to A. ellipticum Sowb. : it corresponds mostly to the descriptions

of A. lenticulare Sowb., but the figures of that species in Sowb.

Conch. Ill. and Hanley App. Wood Ind. appear to represent a

distinct species.

Sometimes the shell is tinged with brownish orange near

the beaks and middle portion, especially in the interior. In

some specimens the inner surface within the pallial line is finely

and deeply punctated, and the deep pallial sinus is marked

with strize radiating from the opening of the sinus.

Length 1.8 inch; height 1.58 inch; breadth .82 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.— Panama; C. B. A.!

18 specimens were taken on the reef at low water mark.

488. Amphidesma pulchrum.

Synonynry.

Amphidesma pulchrum Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 57. Mar. 1832.

Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 221. May 1836.

a Sowb. Conch. Ill. No. 2. pl. 17. f 2. 1841.

—— ——_-——_ ———— Reeve Conch. Syst. pl. 47. f. 2. Sept. 1841.

—__——__— ———— Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pi. 12. f. 6. 1845 !

-——_——__— ———_— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 45. 1845 ?

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 534. 1846.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.—Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Sowerby in Proe. Zool.

Soc. : also Miller.

Bay of Caraccas ; Orbigny.

St. Elena and Panama; Cuming! Sowerby in

Conch. Il.

S. America; Hanley.

AMPHIDESMA. Panama Nheils. 5S

St. Hlena; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We found 4 specimens.

489. Amphidesma striosum. Nov. sp.

Shell elliptical, slightly flexuous, inequilateral; with the

posterior dorsal margin slightly excurved, with the anterior

dorsal margin concave, otherwise with the margins well

rounded: pale yellowish brown : with numerous fine raised con-

centric lines, and closely crowded radiating strie, which are

mostly microscopic: beaks small, approximate: umbones con-

vex: corselet and lunule not well defined.

Length .78 inch; height .71 inch; breadth .88 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat— Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

490. Amphidesma tortuosum. Nov. sp.

Shell compressed, subequilateral, triangular above, orbicular

below, the slightly excurved posterior dorsal margin and the

slightly concave anterior dorsal margin meeting at an angle of

about 125°, and the rest of the margins being well rounded;

posterior side very flexuous, with a broad deep groove on the

left valve and a corresponding ridge on the right valve: dingy

white: with numerous concentric ridges, which are crossed by

radiating strize that are partly microscopic: beaks very minute,

approximate: .left umbo flat, right one convex: corselet and

lunule long and narrow, deeply concave.

Length 1.25 inch; height 1.1 inch; breadth .85 inch.

Station. — Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained.

516 Panama Shells. MACTRID&.

491. Amphidesma ventricosum. Nov. sp.

Shell suborbicular, subequilateral, ventricose, flexuous; with

the anterior and posterior dorsal margins nearly straight; with

the margins otherwise well rounded: dingy white, brownish in

ill-defined zones: with unequal striz of growth; densely

covered with radiating microscopic strize: beaks small, approxi-

mate : umbones very convex: corselet and lunule not very well

defined.

Length .7 inch; height .62 inch; breadth .36 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

A single valve only was found.

492. Crassatella gibbosa.

Synonymy.

Crassatella gibbosa Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 56. Mar. 1832.

—_— Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 212. May 1836.

Reeve Conch. Syst. I. pl. 44. fi 2. Sept. 1841.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 1. Jan. 1848.

a Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl.12.f16. 1845?

—— Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 37. 1845 ?

—_—- Chenu Ill. Conch. pl. 2. f. 6, 12.

—_—— ——— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 578. 1846.

Station.—Sandy mud, 11 fathoms ; Cuming! Sowerby : also

Reeve.

Habitat—St. Elena and Xipixapi; Cuming! Sowerby: also

Miiller: also Orbigny: also Reeve.

Payta; Fontaine! Orbigny.

S. America; Hanley.

Punta St. Elena; Jay.

Panama; C. B. A!

Only 1 valve was obtained.

LUTRARIA. Panama Shells. 517

493. Walimia domaciformis.

Synonymy.

Mulinia donaciformis Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 35. 1845 4

——— Hanley Supp. Wood. Ind. Test. pl. 10. f.29. 1845 ?

This species, according to Hanley, was described by Gray in

Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, and figured in Zool. Beech. Voy. pl. 44. f.

13, 1839; but not having these books before us since our speci-

mens were determined, we have not verified these references.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat.—South Seas; Hanley.

Panama; Col. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

14 specimens were collected on the beach west of Panama.

494. Mulimia vemtricosa.

Synonymy.

Lutraria ventricosa Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1V.89. Noy. 1851.

Station.— Unknown.

Habitat—Mazatlan; Lt. Green! Gould.

3 specimens were collected on the beach west of Panama.

495. Lutraria elegans.

Synonymy.

Mactra elegans Sowb. in Tank. Catal. No.116. App. p. 2. pl.1.£3. 1825.

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. VI. 107. 1835.

——. Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 33. 1845 ?

——_—— ——— Hanley Supp. Wood. Ind. Test. pl. 11. f. 16. 1845 ?

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat—Unknown ; Sowerby: also Deshayes.

ole |. Panama Shells. CORBULIDA.

Florida; Hanley.

Panama; C. B. A.!

We collected 6 odd valves of this rare and elegant shell. L.

canaliculata Say is the Atlantic analogue. Dr. Gould has shown

us his Z. undulata, which is quite distinct from either species.

Mr. Hanley must be in error as to the habitat of the species.

Its Atlantic analogue inhabits Florida, but is not likely to have

been confounded with this shell.

496. Miactra velata.

Synonymy.

Mactra velata Phil in Zeitschr. Mal. p. 153. No. 10 for 1848. Mar. 1849.

Phil. Abbild. III. pl. 3. f. 5. Noy. 1850.

This shell attains a length of 4 inches. A small variety (a) has

the posterior dorsal outline much less excurved. It may possi-

bly be a distinct species. Col. Jewett’s specimens belong to this

type.

Station — Unknown.

Habitai.—Panama; H. B. Philippi! Philippi.

Panama; Troschel.

Panama; Col. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; C. B. A.!

10 specimens were found on the reef.

Family—CORBULID &.

497. Amatima alta. Nov. sp.

Shell ovate, short; anteriorly subangular and flexuous;

otherwise with the margins well rounded: pearl-white, with a

thin brownish epidermis: with unequal strize of growth;

surface microscopically sagrinate: beaks small, prominent,

approximate : umbones moderately convex: spoon-shaped tooth

followed by a well rounded deep sinus under the beak.

POTAMOMYA. Panama Shells. 51S

Length 1.98 inch; height 1.85 inch; breadth .7 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

1 valve only was found.

498. Pandora cornuta. Nov. sp.

Shell elongate, ovate, very inequilateral, the posterior part

being much longer and higher; dorsal margin nearly straight,

posteriorly sharply rostriform ; posterior margin much exca-

vated next beneath the rostriform projection; ventral margin

well rounded : pearl-white: with some unequal striz of growth;

right valve with a prominent angle extending from the beak to

the middle of the sinus of the posterior margin ; left valve with

a corresponding depressed angle: beaks indistinct: umbones

slightly and almost equally convex.

Length .7 inch; height .42 inch ; breadth .11 inch.

We adopt the appropriate name suggested by Dr. Gould.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was found.

499. Potamomya zxqualis. Nov. sp.

Shell subovate, nearly equilateral, slightly inequivalve; with

the margin subangulated posteriorly, otherwise well rounded :

white beneath a pale brown epidermis: with unequal strie of

growth; posteriorly with an umbonial angle not very promi-

nent: beaks small: right umbo very prominent, both somewhat

compressed: tooth rather small; teeth of the left valve with a

medial ridge.

Length .78 inch; height .66 inch; breadth .42 inch..

Station.—In soft impalpable mud, under a mangrove thicket,

near high water mark, and near the outlet of a small stream,

with Arca tuberculosa.

520 Panama WShells. CORBULIDA.

| Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was obtained about 23 miles east of Panama.

500. Potamomya inflata. Nov.sp.

Shell ovate, ventricose, inequilateral, moderately inequivalve ;

posterior margin subtruncated between the extremities of two

umbonial angles, of which the upper one is indistinct ; ventral

margin moderately excurved; anterior margin abruptly and

regularly rounded: white beneath a pale brown epidermis:

with unequal striz of growth: beaks small: umbones very

prominent, somewhat compressed: teeth small; tooth of the

left valve with a medial ridge.

Length .7 inch; height .67 inch; breadth .5 inch.

A less ventricose variety has the following dimensions:

Length .6 inch; height .46 inch; breadth .83 inch.

Station— With P. cequalis, q. v.

Habitat—_Panama; C. B. A.!

3 specimens were obtained with P. equals.

501. Potamomya trigomalis. Nov. sp.

Shell solid, triangular, moderately inequivalve, subequi-

lateral; upper posterior margin moderately excurved, forming

an angle with the slightly excurved ventral margin; anteriorly

with the dorsal margin abruptly and regularly rounded into

the ventral margin: white beneath a pale brown epidermis:

with fine stric of growth; with a sharp umbonial angle defining

a posterior area: beaks large and prominent: umbones promi-

nent, somewhat compressed: teeth large and robust; tooth of

the left valve with a medial ridge.

Length .95 inch; height .8 inch; breadth .56 inch.

Station.— With P. equalis, q. v.

Habitat—Panama; C. B. A.!

2 specimens were obtained.

CORBULA. Panama Shells. 621

502. Corbula bicarinata,

Synonymy.

Corbula bicarinata Sowb. in Proce. Zoo]. Soc. Lond. p. 35. Mar. 1833.

— Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 229. May 1836.

——— ———— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 3. f. 23. Jan. 1844.

—— ——-—— Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 12. f. 31. 1845?

———_ ——— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 46. 1845?

—— ——— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 571. 1846.

Station.—In sandy mud, at the depth of from 7 to 17 fathoms ;

Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under stones, which were sunk

deep in sand, a little above low water mark.

Habitat.—Panama, Real Llejos, Caraccas, St. Elena, &c.;

Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller: also Orbigny:

also Reeve.

West Columbia; Hanley; also Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

260 specimens were collected on the reef.

503. Corbula biradiata.

Synonymy.

Corbula biradiata Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 35. — Mar. 1833.

Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 230. May 1836.

——— ———— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 3. Aug. 1843.

———— Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 10. f. 51. 1845?

——_ Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 47. 1845 ?

——— ——— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 571. 1846.

Station.—In sand and mud, at the depth of from 8 to 7

fathoms; Cuming! Sowerby ; also Reeve.

Hdbitat.—Chiriqui and Bay of Caraccas ; Cuming! Sowerby:

also Miiller: also Orbigny: also Reeve.

Caraccas; Hanley.

JULY, 1852. 43 Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.

522 Panama Shells. CORBULID&.

West Columbia; Jay.

1 entire specimen and 8 odd valves appear to be the shell

described as above. 2 entire specimens and 10 odd valves of a

beautiful variety were also obtained.

504. Corbula obesa.

Synonymy.

Corbula obesa Hinds in Proce. Zool. Soc, Lond. p. 57. May 1848.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 5. f. 38. May 1844.

——— -—— Hinds Zool. Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 68. pl. 20. f 12. 1844.

Station—Mud, at the depth of 22 to 33 fathoms; Hinds!

also Reeve.

Habitat.—W est coast of America, between 8° 57’ and 21° 82’

N. lat., Panama, Veragua, San Blas, &c.; Hinds!

also Reeve.

San Blas; Jay.

6 odd valves were found.

505. Corbula ovuiata.

Synonymy.

Corbula ovulata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 35. Mar. 1833.

— — Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 230. May 1836.

——— ~—— Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 1. f. 7. Aug. 1848.

——_— ——— Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 47. 1845?

——— ~——— Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 10. f.52. 1845?

——— ——— Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 571. 1846

Station—In sandy mud, at various depths from 7 to 17

fathoms ; Cuming! Sowerby : also Reeve.

Habitat—Xipixapi and Bays of Montijo and Caraceas :

Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller: also Orbigny :

also Reeve.

‘On the sands at Real Llejos and Mazatlan, a few

CORBULA. Panama Shells. 523

odd valves, of a clear pink color, were picked up ;

Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

S. America; Hanley.

Taboga; C. B. A.!

6 odd valves and 1 entire specimen were found. The latter

is of extraordinary size and thickness. Its dimensions are—

length 1.22 inch; height .81 inch; width .68 inch: it weighs

2 oz. On and around the umbones, it is of a clear pink color.

506. Corbula rubra, Nov. sp.

Shell subovate, moderately inequivalve and inequilateral,

posteriorly acuminate, with the ventral margin arcuate, anteriorly

rounded ; rufous, with a short white ray on the anterior side of

the umbo, and a dark red spot before it: with fine concentric

striae, decussated by radiating microscopic striz : beaks not very

prominent: umbones prominent, somewhat angulated on both

sides near the beaks: teeth small. Our unique specimen has a

broad flexure a little behind the middle: but this may be an

accidental growth.

Length .31 inch; height .19 inch; breadth .14 inch.

Station.—Unknown.

Habitat.— Panama; C. B. A.!

Only 1 specimen was obtained.

507. Corbula tenuis. Newsf

Synonymy.

Corbula tenuis Sowb. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 36. Mar. 1836.

Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 231. May 1836.

-——- Reeve Conch. Icon. pl. 2. f. 18. Sept. 1843.

Station.—Sandy mud, at the depth of 12 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby: also Reeve.

Habitat.—Bay of Montijo; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller:

also Reeve.

Mazatlan; E. Jewett! Gould MSS.

Panama; CO. B. A.!

524 Panama Shells. SOLENIDA.

Of this species, hitherto unique in the Cumingian collection,

we obtained only 1 specimen of the convex valve. Col. Jewett

also brought a convex valve to Dr. Gould, and retained another

odd valve from Mazatlan.

508. Corbula » Sp. indet. ‘a.

. This species has some resemblance to (. Tahedtensis, We

obtained at Panama but 1 valve, which is probably immature.

509. Corbula . ) Sp. indet.. 6.

T'wo left valves were obtained at Panama.

Family—SOLENID Ai.

510. Solecurtus afffimis. Nov. sp.

Shell much elongated, compressed cylindric, well rounded at

both extremities; ventral edge straight or slightly arcuated:

white beneath a deep yellowish brown epidermis: with unequal

striz of growth: beaks not prominent, a little behind the mid-

dle of the shell: umbones compressed along the middle: liga-

ment broad, with stout nympheeal callosities: teeth small, one

in the left, and two in the right valve. ‘This is the analogue of

S. Caribeeus.

Length 2.25 inches; height .8 inch; breadth .55 inch.

Station—Unknown.

Habitat Panama; C. B. A.!

10 specimens were collected.

511. Solem rudis. Nov. sp.

Shell solid, straight or slightly recurved; with the posterior

extremity abruptly truncated nearly perpendicularly; ante-

riorly with very thick rounded margins: white beneath a

brown deciduous epidermis, which is produced much beyond

the margins: with only indistinct strize of growth on the shell ;

with some radiating lines on the epidermis: beaks inconspicu-

PHOLAS. Panama Shells. 525

ous, at one seventh of the length from the anterior extremity :

ligament large, with stout nympheeal callosities: teeth large in

old shells.

Length 5.8 inches; height 1.3 inch; breadth 1 inch.

Station.—In coarse sand, among stones, near low water

mark,

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

55 specimens were collected on the reef. It is an edible spe-

cies, and many of our specimens were obtained froin the natives,

who were digging them for food.

Family—PHOLADID &.

512. Pholas crucigera.

Synonymy.

Pholas crucigera Sowb. in Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 69. July 1834.

cruciger Mill. Synop. Noy. Test. Viv. p. 236. May 1836.

——— ————_ Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 499. 1848.

——-~ crucigera Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pl. 11.

f. 53. - . - - 1845 ?

——- ———- Hanley Deser. pian p- 6. 1845?

— — Sowb. Thes. Conch. Index. 1849,

——— crucifera Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 489. No. 13. pl.

Oa Road. he van) gale costomrionis Pegg:

——- crucigera Phil. Abbild. IIL. pl. IL f. 4.) - - Nov. 1850.

Station.—In soft sandstone at half tide ; in soft stone at low

water; in hard clay at the depth of 13 fathoms; Cuming!

Sowerby.

Habitat.—I. of Puna, Bay of Caraccas, and Gulf of Nicoya;

Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Central America; Hanley: also Orbigny: also

Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

526 Panama Shells. PHOLADID&.

518. Pholas tubifera.

Synonymy.

Pholas tubifera Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 71. July 1834.

Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 238. May 1836.

a Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 499. 1843.

ee Hanley Deser. Catal. p. 8. 1845 ?

eS Sowb. Thes. Conch. p. 499. No. 41. pl.

106. f. 64, 65. = = = = 1849.

Station.—In decayed wood, dredged up at 10 fathoms’ depth ;

Cuming! Sowerby.

Habitat._-Bay of Caraccas; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller.

Payta; Fontaine! Orbigny.

West Columbia; Hanley: also Jay.

Panama; C. B. A.!

1 specimen was found.

514. Pholas xylophaga. (Val. non Desh. et al.)

Synonymy.

Penitella rylophaga (?) Val. Voy. Venus Moll. pl. 24. f. 2. 1846.

Station.—Boring in wood, near high water mark.

Habitat.—Panama; C. B. A.!

20 specimens were taken from the bottom of an old “dug-

out,”* on the rocks near the sea wall. The bottom of the canoe

was filled with this mollusk.

515. Pholas e Sp. indet. a.

2 right valves were found near Panama. It resembles P.

lanceolata Orb.

516. Pholas « Sp. indet. °d.

1 partially decayed valve was found near Panama. This is

probably an undescribed species.

* A large canoe made of the trunk of a tree.

ORBICULA. Panama Shells. 527

Class—BRACHIOPODA.

517. Orbicula Cumingii.

Synonymy.

Orbicula Cumingzt Brod. in Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 125. Nov. 1833.

— — Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. I. 148,

ph 2s ieee Mt tes 15

a Brod. in Amie, ded sc. Natapy 200 Mn 2. i, 1. esd.

——_—— ——— Mill. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 175. 1836.

———- ———- Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 317. No. 3.

(Desh. ed.) - - - 1836.

———— ————. Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. L p- 118.

No. 3. (Desh. ed. tert.) —- - : 1841.

————— ——-—— Sowb. Thes. Conch. P- 366. No. 4.

piece By >, eas,

———- Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. “Moll. p. err. 1846.

Station.—Attached to the lower sides of stones, in sandy

mud, at low water, and in some instances at a depth of 6

fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Our specimens were also found at low water mark, attached

to the under side of stones.

Habitat.—Payta, St. Elena, and Panama; Cuming! Broderip ;

also Sowerby.

Payta and St. Klena; Cuming! Orbigny.

Seas of Chili and of Peru; Deshayes.

Panama; C. B. A. !

50 specimens were collected on the reef.

SPECIERUM NOVARUM CONCHYLIORUM,

IN SINU PANAMENSI REPERTORUM,

Di NOP al Ba

OvuLa nectrcta. O. t. gracili: rubra, labro pallido: levi, vel

exilissimé spiraliter striata: apertura supra angusta, infra latiore,

utrinque rostrata: labro crasso, medio recto: columella utrinque acumi-

nata, lined longitudinali impressa et callo mstructaé. Long. 7.8 millim.,

Jat. 2.5 millim.

OvuLa vArtaBiiis. O. t. gracillima: albida, vel subrufé, labro albo :

interdum rubro-purpurea : levi: apertura subangusta, emarginata, infra

haud multtm latiore, supra effusé, haud multum producti: Jabro

erasso: columella longitudinaliter carmata, supra subbiplicata. Long.

US Aiaetlat ols:

MarGivetta minor. M. t. ovata: albida, diaphand: tenui, levi:

spira haud multim elevata; anfr. circa 3, sutura inconspicua : apertura

lineari: labro crasso, spiram adnato: columella plicis duobus magnis,

und parva, interdum altera obsoleta, imstructa. Long. 2/.3: lat.

Mirra soxirarta. M. t. gracili, fusiformi: atro-fusca, plicis pallidis :

costis transversis, parvis, plurimis, infra obsoletis, et striis spiralibus,

supra exilioribus, intersectionibus granulatis: apice acuta: anfr. 10, sub-

convexis, sutura subimpressa : apertura longa, canali brevi : labro ecrasso,

intus plicis acutis plurimis instructo, supra sinuato: columella quadripli-

eataé. Long. 17'.3 ; lat. 5/".7; apert. long. 8’””.6.

Oxtva Inconspicua. O. t. gracili: albida: levi: spira aperturam

subeequante: apice subobtusa: anfr. 6, sutura conspicua: apertura supra

acuminata, late sed non profundé emarginata: labro tenui. Div. 30°

ad 40°; long. 3’”.8 ; lat. 1/4.

Nassa canescens. N. t. subelongata, ovato-conica: ‘pallidé fusea,

ad costarum interstitia canescente: costis angustis, 10 vel 11; lineis

elevatis spiralibus haud interruptis plurimis: spira subconied: apice

acuta: anfr. 8 vel 9, mediis subangulatis ; sutura conspicua : labro suba-

cuto, a varice crasso firmato: labio exilé rugoso: apertura laté et pro-

fundé emarginatéa. Div. 50°; long. 26’”.7; lat. 15/’.2; spire long.

Ups

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells.

Nassa couuarra. | N. t. ovato-conica: albida, fasciis fuscis nigrescen-

tibus duobus ornata : costis 10 vel 12, prope labrum. minoribus et erebri-

oribus ; lineis elevatis spiralibus pluribus ; intersectionibus subnodulosis

spira subconica: apice acutéi: anfr. 7. subconvexis ; sutura conspicua

labro subacuto, a varice crasso firmato, intus crenulato: apertura pro-

fundé emarginata. Div. 50°; long. 7.8; lat. 5.3; spire long.

PS“R8:

Nassa corputenta. N. t. ovato-conicd, ventricosa: fusco et albo

spiraliter fasciata; apertura alba: costis angustis 11, a lineis elevatis

spiralibus trajectis: spira conic&é: apice acuta: anfr. 9, subconvexis ;

sutura conspicua; anfr. ultimo magno, ventricoso: labro subacuto, a

varice crasso firmato, intus suleato: labio rugoso: apertura laté et pro-

fundé emarginata. Diy. 46°; long. 22’'.4; lat. 16’; spire long.

Dh .Gs

Nassa Gemmutosa. N. t. ovato-conica, ventricosi: albida, flavula ;

linea fusca infrasuturali, altera anteriore, et ad anfr. ultimum. medium

paucis interruptis,—ornata: costis minimis 15 vel 16; lineis elevatis

spiralibus; intersectionibus eieganter nodulosis : spira conica : apice

peracuta : anfr. 7, subconvexis ; sutura conspicua: labro subacuto, a

varice crasso firmato, intus suleato: apertura profunde emarginata.

Div..56° ; longs 5”".2 ; lat. 2’..7 ¢ spiree long: 3°/’.8.

Nassa exauca. N. t. ovato-conica, ventricosa : glauca, fascia albida

suprasuturali ornata: costis 10, 2 vel 3 ultimis ‘obsoletis : spiraliter

striata : spira subconica: apice acuta : anfr. subconvexis ; sutura con-

spicua ; anfr. ultimo ventricoso: labro subacuto, a varice crasso firmato,

intus carinis 5 instructis: apertura profundé emarginata. Div. 55°

long. 12’7.7 ; lat. 7'".9 5 spire long. 5’7’.3.

Nassa PANAMENSIS. 'N. tis elongata, ovato-conica : olivaced, eceruleo

tincta, linea albida spiraliter fasciata ; labro supra albido: costis 11, angustis,

acutis, anteritis obsoletis ; striis exilibus, spiralibus : spira subconoidea :

apice acuta: anfr. 8, subconvexis ; sutura conspicua ; anfr. ultimo parvo:

labro subacuto, a varice crasso firmato, intus suleato : apertura profunde

emarginatéa. Div. 37°; long. 14’".7; lat. 6'"".3 5 spiree lon. 8’’.8.

Nassa proxma. N. t. Masse versicolori (v. infra) simili, exiliore,

costis mints prominentibus, striis continuis exilissimis creberrimée insculpta.

Div. 38°; long. 11.2 ; lat. 5'73 5 spire long. 7.1.

Nassa strtara. N. sis elongata, ovato-conica : albida, flavo tincta ;

apertura alb&: costis parvis 1 12 vel 13 ; striis magnis, spiralibus, multis ;

spira subconoidea : apice acuta: anftr. 8, convexis ; sutura subprofunda

labro subacuto, a varice lato firmato, intus sulcato: labio birugoso

apertura profundé emarginata. Div. 48°; long. 14.7; lat. 77.9.

spire long. 8'’’.4.

Nassa versicotor. N. t. elongata, ovato-conica : flavula, vel albida,

sutura atro-fusca, vel omnino atro-fusca : costis angustis prominentibus, 9

vel 103; striis exilibus, spiralibus, ad anfr. medios evanescentibus : spira

subeonica : apice acuta : anfr. 8, subconvexis ; sutura profunda: labro

subacuto, a varice robusto incrassato: labio exile rugoso : apertura pro-

530 Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

fundé emarginaté. Div. 45°; long. 15/2; lat. 8’".45 spire long.

Sis (ey '

Nassa Witsonr. N. t. ovato-conicé, ventricos&’ : atro-fusca, fascia

suprasuturali albid& ornat&: costis parvis, 16 ad 20; lineis elevatis spi-

ralibus multis : spira conoideé : apice acuta: anfr. 7, subconvexis ; sutura

conspicua ; ; anfr. ultimo ventricoso: labro subacuto, extus et intus ineras-

sato, carinis paucis instructo : apertura profundeé emarginata. Div. 58° ;

lone. 8/1; lat. 4’"".8; spire long. 4'7".6

Bucernum tucupre. B. t. are) ovato-fusiformi ; atrofusea :

costis parvis, 9 usque ad 13 ad singulos anf, 2 striis spiralibus inequali-

bus decussatis, intersectionibus nonnullis acute nodatis: apice acuta:

spira coniei: anfractibus 8, convexis, sutura haud valdé impressa :

apertura ovata: labro acuto: canali brevi recurva. Div. 44°: long.

Wes date") separeationei10'7".

Bei CCINUM Sea Rp ny b. t. elongata, ovato-conicé : atro-cine-

rei, labro supra albido, seepe albo-fasciata: rugis transversis crassis, 7

vel 8 ad singulos anf. et rugis angustis spiralibus, quorum conspicuis ad

penultimum anfr. 4, infra minoribus 5 striis spiralibus exilibus plurimis :

apice acuta: spira conica: anfr. 8: apertura ovata: labro crasso, intus

plicis paucis instructo : columella rugosa : canali brevi, valdé emarginata.

Diy. 38° 5, long, 18'7.3 > late) iis

Purpura roveorara., P, t. oblique rhombica: albida ; rugis trans-

versis, magnis, compressis, 9 ad singulos anfr., et carinis 4, elevatis,

angustis 5 SOE eae elevatis ; “striis spiralibus exilibus: apice

acuta: anfr. 6, supra et infra cone: avis, meds carinatis, sutura incon-

spicud : apertura elongata: labro tenui, a carinis pectinato, a striis spi-

ralibus serrato. Div. 70°; long. 10’.93; lat. 777.1.

PURPURA OSCULANS. P. t. abliegaa mhorbiet< sordidé alba, intus

nivea : rugis transversis, convexis, prominentibus, 9 ad singulos anfr., et

rugis spiralibus, a striis disjunctis, creberrimé imbricatim squamosis, rugas

transversas superantibus, alternis majoribus: apice acuta: spira conica;

anfr. 64, convexis, sutura impressa ; apertura obovata: labro exilé pee-

tinato, intus transverse sulcato; canali brevissima, profundé emarginata.

Div. 70°; long. 6'7".86; lat. alg 33; spire long. 3’.

CoLumELLA conspicua. C, t. ovato-conica: fascia alba laté ad medios

anfr., utringue fascié fuseo-aurantia lata ornata ; infra alba, fusco macu-

lata; rugis alternis macula fusc& conspicuis : rugis transversis, 9 ad sin-

gulos anfr., maximis, obtusis, ad summos anfr. obsoletis: striis magnis

spiralibus rugas prope superantibus : apice subacuta: spira subconiea :

anfr. 8, convexis, sutura haud multtm impressa ; anfr. ultimo subangu-

lato : apertura supra haud multtm latiore, late et profundé emarginata :

labro subincrassato, ints rugoso. Diy. 35°; long. 5/3; lat. YL

spire long. 377,

CoLuMBELLA piminuTa. C, t. subfusiformi: pallide flavo-fusea, infra

nigreseente: costata, spiraliter striata: striis costas haud superantibus,

infra’ majoribus ; costis infra obsoletis: apice acuta: spira conica : anfr.

7, sutura parum impressi: aperturd subangusta: labro valde incrassato,

SYNOPSIS, Panama WShells. odl

intus crenulato: labio subgranuloso. Div. 45°; long. 3.9 ; Jat. 117.8 ;

spire long. 2'”.

COoLUMBELLA GRACILIS. C, t. elongata, ovato-conica : supra pallidé

fusca, infra rubro-fusco irregulariter maculata, a linea albo et fusco arti-

culata fasciata: costis parvis, plurimis; infra spiraliter striata: apice

acuta; spira conicai: anfr. 8, suturd conspicua: labro crasso, intus

gparsé granulato, supra subsinuato: columella sublevi. Diy. 37°;

long. 7’".6; lat. 3'.2; spire long: 5/1

Patios MasTA. C. t. gracili, subfusiformi: atra vel atrofuscé :

supra sublievi; media costata, costis 12 usque ad 15 ad singulos anfr.,

costarum intervals spiraliter striatis ; costis et striis ad ultimum anfr.

obsoletis : apice acuta: spira gracillim&: anfr. 8, suturaé parum impressa :

apertura lineari: labro lal incrassato, supra sinuato, inttis crenulato :

columella sublevi. Div. 35°; long. 7.6; lat. 2’.S; spire long.

AS.

CoLuMBELLA PuLcHRIonR, C.t. subelongatd, ovata : diaphana, pallidé

flavo-fusca, fascia alba atro-cinereo articulata infrasuturali, et punctis mini-

mis rubrofuscis quincuncialiter dispositis ornat&: levi, nitida: apice acuta :

spira conica; anfr. 6 vel 7 7, suturd param impressa: apertura angusta :

labro crasso, inthis sparse granulato: columella sublevi. Div. 45° ;

long. 3’.8; lat. 1.8; spire long. 1/’’.9.

CoLUMBELLA TESSELATA. C, t. subelongata, ovata ; atro-glauca, fusco

tineta ; albo tesselata: costis approximatis, validis, circa 15 ad singulos

anfr.; striis spiralibus protundis : apice acuta: spira conica: anf. 8,

sutura conspicua : apertura elongata: labro erasso, supra subsinuato,

intus sparsé granulato: labio suboranuloso. Div: 48% xtong.), 6/4

lat. 2’.7; spire long. 3’’7.3.

sites sucosa. Kh. t. rhombica: perfused, tubereulis albidis, vel

rufis, infra albo-fasciata : rugis transversis, elevatis, 8 vel 9, a rugis spi-

ralibus 10 vel 11, quorum 3 Pvel 4 ad spiram videntur, —decussatis ; ; In-

tersectionibus tuberculatis ; ; Striis exilibus spiralibus : apice acuté: spira

conica : anfr. 8 vel 9, convexis, sutura parum impressa : apertura, elon-

gata: labro a rugis spiralibus pectinato, intis plicato: labio supra con-

cava, infra sparse rugosa et granulata: canali subelongaté. Div. 25° ;

long. 23’7.9; lat, 11°'.9.

Triton Fusoipes. ‘TT. t. gracili, ovato-fusiformi: albida, fusco tincta,

albo fasciat& : costis distantibus, angustis, elevatis, 9 ad singulos anfr.,

a lineis elevatis spiralibus exilibus, alternis majoribus,—decussatis : apice

acuté : spira conica: anfr. 8, conyexis, sutura impressi; apertura elon-

gaté: canali brevi. Div. 35°; long. 19’.3 ; lat. 7/7”.1

Fusus Betis. F, t. sub-elongata, fusiformi: alb&, maculis rubro-fus-

cis, plerumque in seriebus tribus spiralibus—dispositis : costis subangustis

elevatis, circa 10 ad singulos anfr., quarum nonnull varices simulantur,

et lineis elevatis spiralibus, intersectionibus nodulosis, et striis spiralibus :

apice acuta: spira conica; anfr. 7, perconvexis, suturaé parum impressa :

apertura elongata : canali lata, subelongata, Dive60° slong, 11)Bis

lat. 5’’’.2 ; spiree long. 5’’’.6.

5oe Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

CANCELLARIA AFFINIS. C. t. ovato-fusiformi: fusca, interdum albo

unifasciata vel bifasciaté ; rugis transversis angustis, elevatis, Inequidis-

tantibus, circa 30 ad singulos anfr. ; lineis elevatis Spiralibus plurimis,

quarum 5 ad spiram videntur : apice subacuta: spira conic&: antr. 6,

suturaé subcaniculata : apertura semiobovata, intlis ad dextram partem

carinis acutis instructi: labro acuto, pectinato : columella valida, tripli-

cata, plica superiore magna lamvellifonine: inferiore e parva et perobliqua:

canali brevi. Div. 68° ; “long. 267.73 lat. 16.5; spire long. D177 as

CANCELLARIA PYGM@A. CO, t. subovata, brevi: pallidé cerina, supra

atrofusco irregulariter radiata, punctis atrofuscis ad costas dispositis :

costis elevatis, angustis, ad anfr. ultimum 9, supra crebris, plurimis, ad

angulum anfr. majoribus; lineis elevatis, spiralibus, ad intersectiones

majoribus : striis spiralibus exilissimis: apice subacuta: spira coniea;

antr. 5, acuté angulatis, supra late concavis, sutura conspicua : apertura

triangulari, infra effusa: columella biplicata : umbilico angusto, pro-

fan. eel 100°; long. 8’’’.4; lat. 6'’’.3; spire long. 38.

PLEuROTOMA aATRIoR. P. t. acbihastionnht aterrima, fascia pallida :

supra suturam granulis in serie spirali dispositis ; supra medios anfr. cari-

nata; anfr. ultimo carinis tribus alteris spiralibus instructo : apice pera-

cuta: spira conoidea: anfr. 11, angulatis, infra concava, sutura incon-

spieud: aperturé elongata: sinu subprofundo: canali brevi, lata. Diy.

38°: long. 20'7'.3 ; lat. 7.13 spire long. 127.7,

PLEUROTOMA CONCINNA. P. t. fusiformi: albida, rubro-fusco tincta :

costis parvis, erebris, plurimis, prope labrum obsoletis, et striis spiralibus

crebris, supra exilioribus: apice acuta: spira conoidea: anfr. 8, mediis

angulatis, sutura parum impress&: apertura lineari: labro valdé ineras-

sato: sinu profundo, sutura: appr es : canali brevissima. Div. 43°;

long. 10’.7; lat. 4'’.3 5 spire long. 4’".6.

PLeuRotoMA Exicua. P. t. o7 Salis sen flava, liueis fuscis spirali-

bus, exilibus, plerumque g ceminatis : rugis transversis obtusis distantibus,

6 vel 7 ad singulos anf, infra obsoletis : apice acuta: spira conoidea:

anfr. 6, convexis, sutura impressa: apertura angusta: labro acuto, a

ruga ultima firmata: sinu profundo, sutura approximato: canali brevis-

sima. Div. 34°; long. 4'.53 lat. 1.55 spire long. 2’’".5.

Prevuroroma Gemmutosa. P. t. elongata, subfusiformi: fusca, pallideé

maculata: plicis transversis et spiralibus, creberrimis, parvis, intersectio-

nibus valdé nodulosis: apice acuta: spira conoidea : anfr. 8, subconvexis,

sutur’ haud multum impress&: apertura angusta: sinu parvo: labro

incrassato: canali brevissima. Div. 383°; long. 5.6; lat. 2’; spiree

long. 3'’’.56.

P.LevROTOMA GRANDIMACULATA. P. t. elongata, ovato-pyramidata :

nigré, maculis (ad tuberculas) albidis magnis im serie spirali dispositis :

striis spiralibis, exilissimis, infra obsoletis ; carina spirali acuta infrasutu-

rali; infra altera, tuberculata ; anfr. ultimo carinis 4 vel 5 alteris in-

structo: apice acuta: spira conicd: anfr. 10, sutura inconspicua : aper-

tura subangust&: labro subincrassato: sinu subprofundo: labio incras-

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells. bas

sato: canali brevissima. Div. 38°; long. 24/.1; lat. 8’.9; spire

long. 15'".7.

Pievroroma srriosa. P. t. gracili: subalbida, ad anfr. ultimum fusco

exilé fasciata ; striis spiralibus creberrimis ; costis exilibus, 10 usque ad

12 ad singulos anfr.: apice acut&; spira subconica: anfr. 8, convexis,

sutura parum impressa : apertura subangusta: labro subacuto, a costa

ultima firmato: canali brevissim&. Diy. 33°; long. 7’’.6; lat. 2’".5 ;

spire long. 5/’’.1.

Maneeria NectectTA. M. t. subfusiformi: pallide fusco-rubra: costis

eurvatis, elevatis, 8 vel 9 ad singulos anfr., et linea elevata spirali ad

medios anfr., ad anfr. ultimum obsoleta; infra spiraliter striata: apice

acuta: spira conoidea: anfr. 7, subconvexis, sutura conspicua: apertura

subangusta: labro valdé incrassato: sinu angusto: canali brevissima.

Div. 40° ; long. 5’’.1; lat. 1.8; spire long. 2’'’.8.

CrRITHIUM ASSIMILATUM. C. t. spualnets conica: atro-rubra, ad eari-

nas albo lineatim maculat&: carinis spiralibus, tribus, perelevatis, com-

pressis, acutis, et carina alterA simili ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam, et in-

fra carind quinta minori; lineis elevatis transversis, inter carinas, exilissi-

mis: apice acuta: spira conica: anfr. 16 usque ad 18, planulatis, sutura

inconspicua ; anfr. ultimo brevissimo : apertura oy ata : labro pectinato :

eanali lata, brevissimé. Div. 18°; long. 5’".8; lat. 1.55 spire long.

AES:

Cerrratum Brmarcinatum. C. t. elongata, conici: cerind, supra

fuscatai : carinis spiralibus duobus, suturze approximatis et lmea elevata

ad medios anfr.; rugis parvis transversis, 18 ad singulos anfr.; intersec-

tionibus valde nodulatis; anfr. ultimi peripheria carinata; infra levi:

apice acuta: spira conica: anfr. 13, concavis, sutura impressa ; anfr. ul-

timo angulato, infra concavo: apertura subquadrata: columella spirali-

ter uniplicataé: canali brevi, reeurvé. Div. 20°; long. 4’’’.4; lat. 1''.4;

spire long. 3.5.

Ceriruium FAMELIcwM. C. t. elongata, ovato-conica : sordidé albida,

fusco irregulariter maculata, maculis albo spiraliter exilé lineato; vel

lineis fuscis et albis alternis crebris spiralibus ornata: carina angusta

spiralt ad medios anfr., et rugis transversis, intersectionibus élevntis

acutis ; infra rugis duobus spir alibus eranulosis instructa ; exilé creberrimé

striata: apice acuta: spira subconoidea: anfr. 12, subconvexis, sutura

parum impressi; anfr. ultimo brevi, gibboso, infra concayo: apertura

magno : Jabio supra transversim uniplicato : eanali brevi, obliqua. Diy.

33% long. 28')'.7 slat, 12'"".7 5 spires Jonp. 197", 1).

CreRITHIUM NEGLECTUM. C., t elongata ; ovato-conica : atro-rubra, ad

apicem alba : carinis spiralibus elevatis tribus, et rugis transversis elev atis,

ad anfr. ultimum 16 usque ad 18, et reeagten ae intra obsoletis ; intersec-

tionibus valdé nodulatis: infra spiraliter birugata : apice acuta: spira

conoideA: anfr. 10, subconvexis, sutura inconspicua: canali brevissima,

profundé emarginata. Div. 20°; long. 3’.2; lat. 1’; spire long.

Ceriraium PAupercuLum. C, t. gracili: pallidé cornea: spiraliter

584 Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

multicarinata ; supra rugis transversis, infra evanescentibus ; intersectio-

nibus subgranulatis: apice acuta: spira subconoideé: anfr. 8, subeonvexis,

sutura parum compressa; anfr. ultimo subelongato: apertura elongata,

supra acuminata: canali brevissima. Div. 18°; long. 3.3; lat. 1’;

spire long. 2.3.

JERITHIUM PULCHRUM. OC. t. subelongata, subconica : aterrimé fusco-

rubro, linea spirali flavo-alba ad medios anfr. ornata: costis angustis

acutis, ad singulos anfr. 40, ad anfr. ultimum medium truncatis ; varici-

bus robustis, 240° distantibus; carma spirali, supra medios anfr.,

angusta, acuta: spiraliter striata : apice acuta: spira subeonoidea: anfr.

11, sutura profunda: apertura magna, supra effusa, infra angusté

sinuata: labro crasso. Diy. 33°; long. 31.8; lat. 16.5; spire long.

207.8. ‘

CeritHiuM Rrevianum. C. t. subconica: rubro-fusca, linea spirali

flavo-alba ad medios anfr. et altera anteriori ornata ; costis summis pallide

flavis : varicibus nullis ; costis elevatis, 24 ad singulos anfr., infra evanes-

centibus ; infra spiraliter striata: apice acuta: spira subconoidea : anfr.

15, convexis, suturé impressa: apertura magna, supra effusa, infra anguste

sinuata : labrocrasso. Div. 28°; long. 39’.4; lat. 16’".7; spiree long. 26.4.

Cerirnium vaLipum. C. t. conic&é: rubro-fuscd, linea pallida ad

medios anfr. ornata; varicibus rufis, interdum albidis ; apertura alba ;

rugis transversis, arcuatis elevatis, 20 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi

peripheriam truncatis ; varicibus 270° distantibus; carinis spiralibus 5

vel 6 ; spiraliter striata : apice acuta: spira subconoidea : anfr. 12, con-

vexis, sutura impressa; anfr. ultimo brevissimo: apertura infra effusa :

labro incrassato. Div. 32°; long. 40'.6; lat. 19’’.15 spire long.

Bol tia.

TRIPUORIS ALTERNATUS. T. t. sinistrors&, conic: atro-rubra, infra

albido fasciaté: carinis spiralibus duobus suture approximatis, et tertia

intermedia minore ; rugis transversis, 25 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi

peripheriam truncatis ; intersectionibus valdé nodulatis : apice acutissima ;

spira subconoidea : anfr. 12, subplanulatis : sutura inconspicua ; anfractu

ultimo brevi, infra coneavaé: apertura rhombica: canali brevi, profunda.

Div. 30°; long. 5’’".1; lat..1/'.55 spire long. 3/’".9.

Tripnoris inconsercuus. ‘TT. t. sinistrorsa, ovato-fusiformi: atro-

rubra, cinerascente : carinis spiralibus tribus, nodulosis, et infra alteris 3

vel 4 subnodulosis ; rugis transversis, 20 ad singulos anfr.: apice acutis-

sima: spira conoided : anfr. 12, subconvexis, suturaé inconspicua : aper-

tura supra sinuaté: canali brevi, profunda. Div. 22°; long. 4’.2;

Jat. 1'".4; spire long. 3'’.8.

TripHoris InFrequens. TT. t. conici: atro-rubra: carinis spiralibus

tribus perelevatis compressis; rugis transversis, 16 ad singulos anfr. ;

infra levi: apice acutéi: spird subconicé : anfr. 16, subplanulatis, suturd

inconspicua ; anfr. ultimo brevissimo : ]abro pectinato: canali brevissima.

Div. 20°; long. 3’’.8; lat. 1'’.13 spire long. 2’.7.

Cacum piminutum. C. t. arcuata, gracili, haud tereti: albida:

annulis 17, robustis, subdistantibus, ad summam partem planulatis, et

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells.

annulis 10, minoribus, minis elevatis: apice laterali, haud prominente.

Long. 15: lat. 0'°".46,

Gaver EBURNEUM. OC, t. arcuata, subgracili, vix tereti: eburned:

annulis 33, latis, approximatis, ad summam partem planulatis ; superi-

oribus 4 usque ad 10, interdum inferioribus 2 vel 3 magis clevatis ct

mints approximatis : apice prominente. Long. 2'.3; lat. 0’’".63,

Ca@cum Firmatum. C. t. robusta, arcuata, tereti: eburnei: annulis

25, robustis, latis, subdistantibus, ad summain partem planulatis: apice

haud multum prominente. Long. 2’7.3 5 lat. 0.76.

Cacum Lave. C. t. arcuata, valida, vix ahi : albida : leevi, nitente :

apice prominente. Long. gir. lat. 0". 68. Var. (2) minus ; t. gracili,

apice minis prominente. Long. 1'.57; lat. 0.51.

Cacum Laqveatum. C, t. subarcuata, gracili, tereti: albida: longi-

tudinaliter suleata; suleis haud profundis, 20: apice laterali, parum

prominente. Long. 2’”.8; lat. 0.71.

Cacum monstrosum. C. t. arcuata, supra gracili, infra robusta :

eburnea : ad superam partem annulis 18, validis, approximatis, ad sum-

mam partem planulatis—instructa ; ad inferam partem annulis 12, robus-

is, elevatis, parum approximatis : apice prominente. Long. 2'’".3 ; lat.

supra 0’’’.46 ; lat. intra 0’’.76.

Cacum parvum. C, t. arcuata, gracili, vix tereti: albida: annulis

15, acutis, distantibus, haud multtim elevatis : apice laterali, prominente,

Long. 1'’’.65 ; lat. 0’".48.

Ca@cum pyemaum. C. t. arcuata, gracili, vix tereti: albid&: annulis

23, angustis, prominentibus, ad summam partem planulatis : apice

laterali, prominente. Long. 1/75; lat. 0'.46.

CHEMNITzZIA AcuLEUS. C. t. gracillima, conica: alba: costis obtusis,

17 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam truncatis: spira conica :

anfr. 12, subeonvexis, sutura. impressa : apertura subovata: labro tenui :

columella vix areuata: umbilico nullo. Div. 13°; long. 4’"".53 lat. 1’;

spire long. 3'7".6.

CHEMNITZIA ACUMINATA. C. t. subeonici: sordidé albida: costis

obliquis, 16 ad ee anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam truncatis :

spira subconica: anfr. 8, supra acute angulatis, parum convexis, sutura

profunda; anfr. ultimo elongato: apertura subovata, supra et infra

acuta: labro tenui: umbilico nullo. Div. 28°; long. 2’".8; lat. 17.1;

spire long. 1/’.8.

singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam truneatis: infra levissima :

spira subeonic’ : anfr. 10, subconvenis, suturA impress: apertura subo-

yata: labro tenui: umbilico nullo. Div. 18°; lone. 5’’.3; lat. 177.4;

spire long 4''7.1.

CHEMNITZIA CLATHRATULA, C. t. ovato-conicd, prelonga: albida:

costis minimis, 36 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam obsoletis,

a lineis elevatis spiralibus, 5 vel 6 suprasuturalibus,—decussatis : apice

minutissima : spira subconiea : anfr. 8, ad summam partem plus minusve

536 Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

angulatis, sutura impress4; anfr. ultimo regulariter rotundato: apertura

subovata : labro tenui: umbilico nullo. Div. 16°: long. 3’’.3 ; lat. 17";

spire long. 2'’".5.

CHEMNITZIA commuNIs. C. t. subconica: sordide alb&: rugis trans-

versis, 22 ad anfr. penultimum, ad anfr. ultimum pluribus, intra obso-

letis; rugis spiralibus, 4 vel 5 suprasuturalibus, supra minoribus : apice

obliqué: spira conoidea: anfr. 8, subconvexis, sutura impressd ; anfr.

ultimo elongato: apertura ovata, supra acuta, infra late effusa: labro

subtenui: columella uniphicata; regione umbilicari haud multum inden-

tata. Div. 28°; long. 4/1 3'lat. 1°27 5 spire long. 2"””.8.

CHeMnitzia Gracizior. C. t. prelonga, conica: pallide flava : costis

eracilibus, 28 ad singulos anfr., infra truncatis; striis spiralibus paucis

inconspicuis ; infra costas line&é impress& spirali—iwstructa: spira sub-

eonica: anfr. 12, parum convexis, sutura impress&: apertura ovata,

supra acuta: labro pratenui: umbilico nullo. Div. 13°; long. 77.8 ;

lat. 1’.5 ; spire long. 5’".1.

Cuemnitzia MAJor. C. t. conic&: sordidé alba: costis approximatis

robustis obtusis, 24 ad singulos anfr., infra obsoletis ;‘striis spiralibus,

exilissimis, creberrimis, haud costas superantibus : spira conica : anfr. 15,

subconvexis, sutura impress&: apertura subovata : labro tenui: umbilico

mille, “Div. He? long. 9°". 73 lat. 27°38; spire long. 1 28. ;

CHEMNITZIA MARGINATA. C. t. subcylindrica: sorlidé alb&: costis

compressis, validis, prominentibus, 11 vel 12 ad singulos anfr.; striis

spiralibus, exilibus, quarum 5 vel 6 ad anfr. penultimum videntur: apice

obliqua: anfr. 7, marginatis, subconvexis, sutura impressa ; anfr. ultimo

reguiariter rotundato: apertura parva, ovata: labro tenui: umbilico

nullo. Div. 28°; long. 2.9; lat. 1"5 ; spire Tong,.2"".

Caemnirzta Panamensis. C, t. conica: albida: costis obliquis, 27

ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam obsoletis, infra leevissima :

spira subconic&a : anfr. 12, subconvexis, sutura impressa; anfr. ultimo

subangulato: apertura ovata: Jabro tenui: umbilico nullo. Div. 17°;

long. 5'".6 ; lat. 1.45 spire long. 4/73.

CHEMNITZIA simILis. C. t. conica: albid&: costis subobtusis, 26 ad

singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam truncatis: spira subconica :

antr. 11, convexis, sutura valdé impressi; anfr. ultimo regulariter

rotundato : apertura subovata: labro tenui: umbilico nullo. Div. 17°;

long. 4.5; lat. 1'.1; spires long: 3’’’.3.

Cuemnitzia striosa. C. t. conicd: flava: costis exilibus, 40 ad

singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam obsoletis; striis spiralibus

creberrimis : spira subeonica : anfr. 10, parum convexis, sutura impressa ;

apertura. ovata: labro tenui: umbilico nullo. Diy. 20°; long. 5.3;

lat. 11.5 ; spiree long. 4/7".1.

CHEMNITZIA TURRITA, C. t. supra conica, infra cylindraced: albida :

costis gracilibus, compressis, acutis, 18 ad singulos antr., ad anfr. ultimi

peripheriam truneatis ; infra spiraliter unisulcata : spira subconoidea :

anfr, 10, supra acute angulatis, parim convexis, sutura impressa ; anfr.

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells. 537

ultimo angulato : apertura subovati: labro tenui: umbilico nullo. Div.

23°; long. 4’’.7; lat. 1/4 ; spire long. 3’’’.56.

Lirrortna (?) ancrostoma. L. t. subellipticd: sordidé alba: striis

spiralibus, equidistantibus, profundis : apice obtusd: spiraé parva, conoi-

dea: anfr. 34, perconvexis, sutur&é conspicué: apertura subeffusa, semi-

elliptica : labio recto: umbilico conspicuo, Div. 85°: long. 3’.3; lat.

2''".5 5 spire long. 1.4,

Lirrorina atrata. L, t. subglobosd: atro, interdum albido macu-

lata : carinis spiralibus, inequalibus ; plerumque ad anfr. ultimi peripheri-

am et ad summam partem anfr. omnium precipue carinata: apice

acuta: spira parva, subconoidea : anfr. 4, subconvexis, suturé impressa :

apertura lata, ovata: umbilico minimo. Div. 65° usque ad 90°; long.

2's lat. 175.

Lirrorina pusiosa. Nov. sp.? L. t. conoided: ceerulea, fascia sub-

albida fusco-articulata—ornata ; ints atro-fusci; labro fusco et albo

maculato : striis nonnullis spiralibus : apice subacuta : spira subconoidea :

anfr, 6, parum convexis, sutura conspicua; anfr. ultimo angulato :

apertura ovata, subeffusa: columellé haud multim dilatata. Div.

55°; long. 6.3; lat.47".3. An LZ. parvula Phil. ?

Lirrorta (?) excavata. L. t. subelliptica : ad apicem, ad umbilicum,

et intus, atro-fusca; ad partes ceteras pallide cornea: lineis elevatis et

striis exilissimis—spiralibus: apice subacuta: spira parva, conoidea:

anfr. 4, angustis, sutura conspicua; anfr. ultimo ventricoso: apertura

subovata: labro acuto: columella dilatata, incrassaté : regione umbili-

cari profundé excavata: umbilico parvo. Div. 90°; long. 4.3; lat.

3/3 ; spire long. 1’.

Lrrrorma (?) FroveaTa. L. t. globoso-conicaé: sordidé alba, fasci&é

fusca, spirali, lata,—ornata : lineis elevatis, spiralibus, nonnullis, inequi-

distantibus: apice subacuta: spira subconoidea: anfr. 4, subangulatis,

sutura conspicua: apertura subovata: labro acutissimo: columella

dilatata incrassata: regione umbilicari profundé excavaté: umbilico

profundo, Div. 80°; long. 4’’".8; lat. 3’’".8 ; spire long. 2’,

Lirrortna (?) MeGAsoma, L, t. ovoided: sordidé alba: carinis

spiralibus, parvis, 8 vel 9, 3 suprasuturalibus ; striis transversis, magnis

profundis, equidistantibus : apice acuta: spira minima, subconica : anfr.

3, angulatis, sutura canaliculata; anfr. ultimo magno, obliqué elongato :

apertura subelliptica : labro tenui: carina spirali umbilicum continente :

umbilico magno, profundo. Div. 135°; long. 2.3; lat. 2’"".3; spire

long. 0'’.88.

Rissoa cLanpestina. R. t. elongata, ovato-conica: sordidé alba;

costis robustis, compressis, prominentibus, 18 vel 19 ad singulos anfr.,

ad inferam extremitatem productis: apice acuta: spira subconoidea :

anfr. 7, subconvexis, sutura impressa: apertura magna, utrinque sub-

effusi: labro ad mediam partem longé producto, a varice lato valdé

incrassato: umbilico nullo. Div. 30°; long. 2’".9; lat. 1’".27; spire

long. 1'’’.78,

Rissoa rirmata. R, t. elongata, ovato-conica: sordidé alba: costis

JULY, 1852. 44 Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

538 Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

robustis, prominentibus, 12 ad singulos anfr., ad inferam extremitatem

productis: apice acuta: spira conoided: anfr. 7, convexis, sutura

impress& : apertura subovata, utrinque effusd: labro ad mediam partem

producto, a varice crasso—firmato: umbilico nullo. Diy. 30°; long.

4/77: Jat. 1/79 ; spire long. 3/”.3.

Rissoa Fortis. R. t. elongata, ovato-conica : albida: costis robustis,

approximatis, 22 ad singulos anfr., ad inferam extremitatem minoribus

productis : apice acuta: spira conoided: anfr. 10, subconvexis; anfr.

ultimo ventricoso : apertura ovata, profundeé effusa : labro infra producto,

crassissimo: uinbilico nullo. Div. 33°; long. 7/4; lat. 3’"’; spire

long. 4.6.

Rissoa (?) inconspicua. R. t. ovato-conica: albida: carinis spirali-

bus nonnullis, infra obsoletis: apice subacuta: spira conoidea: anfr. 4,

perconvexis, sutura profunda; anfr. ultimo brevi: apertura orbiculari,

vix effusi: labro incrassato: umbilico minutissimo. Div. 55°; long.

1/14 ; lat. 0'".76 ; spire long. 0’.81. An Cingulz species ?

RissoA INFREQUENS. R. t. praelonga, ovato-conica: albida: costis

perobtusis, haud multim elevatis, confertim approximatis, 16 ad singulos

anfractus ; striis spiralibus, nonnullis, exilissimis: apice subacuta: spira

subconica : anfr. 7, sutura haud multtm impressa ; anfr. ultimo elongato,

subangulato : apertura subovata, vix effusa: labro incrassato : umbilico

nullo. Div. 23°; long. 6'.1; lat. 1.9; spirze long. 4’’’.6.

Rissoa Janus. R. t. elongata, ovato-conica : albida: infra spiraliter

exilé striati; aliunde costis exilibus creberrimis ornata: apice acuta:

spira subconoideé: anfr. 9, subconvexis, suturaé parim impressa :

apertura magna, infra effusd, supra profundé effusi: labro ad mediam

partem producto, a varice robusto firmato: umbilico nullo. Diy. 30° ;

long. 4/".8; lat. 1’’.8 ; spire long. 2’’”.9.

Rissoa norasiuis. R. t. elongata, ovato-conica : albida: costis per-

elevatis, ad summam partem concavis, 14 ad singulos anfr., infra obsoletis ;

earinis spiralibus, duobus ad spiram, duobus alteris inferis: apice subob-

tusa, nitidd: spiré conic&: anfr. 6, ad summam partem acute angulatis,

aliunde planulatis, sutura profunda: apertura ovata: umbilico nullo.

Div. 24°; long. 1.5; lat. 0’’’.68.

Rissoa scALArirormis. R, t. elongata, ovato-conica: albida&: costis

validis, compressis, prominentibus, acutis, continuis, 11 ad_ singulos

anfr.; striis spiralibus, exilissimis, costas ascendentibus, haud superanti-

bus : apice acuta : spira subconoidea: anfr. 8, convexis, sutura impressa :

apertur& perobliqua, ovata, utrinque effusi: labro subincrassato, ad

mediam partem producto. Div. 33°; long. 3’.3; lat. 1.27; spire

long. 2'’’.03.

Cineuta (?) rnconspicua. C. t. ovato-fusiformi; albida: carinis

spiralibus, nonnullis, 4 ad anfr. penultimum; duobus superioribus,

minoribus, et a rugis transversis decussatis : apice subacuta: spira sub-

conoidea : anfr. 5, haud multtim convexis, sutura impressa ; anfr. ultimo

parvo: apertura parva, ovata, supra acuta: labro subtenui: regione

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells. 539

umbilicari haud multiim indentata. Div. 30°; long. 1’”.65 ; lat. 0’ 89's

spire long. 17.14.

CineuLa pauprercuta, R. t. conoided: sordidé alba, interdum flavo-

fasciata: levi: apice subacuti: spird subconicd: anfr. 5, planulatis,

sutura impressa : apertura lata, ovati: labro haud multim incrassato :

umbilico minutissimo. Div. 33°; long. 2’.16; lat. 1!’ 27; spire

long. 1'’’.47,

Cineura (?) rerEBetLuM. C. t. subcylindricd; albidi: earinis 4,

spiralibus, perelevatis, acutis, compressis, quarum 2 ad spiram videntur :

apice subacuta; spird subconoided: anfr. 6, parm convexis, suturd

inconspicua; anfr. ultimo parvo: aperturA parva, ovata, supra acuta:

labro tenui: umbilico nullo. Div. 28°; Jong. 2’; Jat. 1’ spire

long. 1''".4,

Cineuta Turrira. C. t. elongata, conic: albidi: costis prominenti-

bus, compressis, crebris, prope suturam a strid spirali suprasuturali trun-

catis ; infra spiraliter striata: apice acuta: spira subeonicd: anfr. 6, ad

summam partem acuté angulatis, aliunde planulatis, suturA canaliculata :

apertura parva, ovata, vix effusa: labro tenui: regione umbilicari minu-

tissimé indentata. Div. 30° ; long. 2’""; lat. 0'".74 ; spire long. 0’.61,

Irrropa (?) saxicota. L. t. elongata, ovata: cornea, subtranspa-

rente: striis spiralibus profundis equidistantibus crebris ornat’: apice

acuta: spira subconoideé: anfr. 5, convexis, sutura impressé : anfr.

ultimo ventricoso: apertura lata, ovati, supra acuta: labro preetenui ;

umbilico nullo. Div. 45°; long. 3/””.56 ; lat. 1/'.9; spire long. 1/’.8,

Avrorsis (?) Absecta. A. t. subglobos’: pallidé flava, vel sordidé

atra, vel partim utriusque coloris : lineis elevatis spiralibus, et striis spira-

libus ad summam partem anfr. ornat&: apice subacuti: spira brevi:

anfr. 3, plusve, convexis, sutura conspicua; anfr. ultimo ventricoso:

apertura effusa, semicirculari : labio recto : umbilico minimo. Diy. 110° :

long. 2/54; lat. 2.29; spire long. 1/”.14,

VirrINELLA concinna. VV. t. discoided : alba: carinis spiralibus,

5, acutis, prominentibus, quarum superior infrasuturalis est, quarum

inferior umbilicaris est: transversé striata : apice minima, papillari: spirad

subplanulata: anfr. 34, ad summam partem planulatis, suturé profunda :

apertura orbiculari: Jabro subinerassato, a carinis subpectinato :

umbilico lato, profundo. Div. 175°; lat. max. 1/57; lat. min, 1’’’.28:

alt. 0'".77,

ViTRINELLA ExIGuA. V. t. subdiscoideA: alba: carinis spiralibus, 8,

una superiore ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam, und inferiore umbilicum con-

tinente ; transversé substriata : apice obtusa : spira convexa, haud multim

elevata: anfr. 3, ad summam partem subangulatis, suturd impressa ; anfr.

ultimo prope peripheriam utrinque concavo: apertura orbiculari: labro

subincrassato, a carinis subpectinato : umbilico angusto, profundo. Diy.

170°; lat. max. 1'”.14; lat. min. 0'.9 ; alt. 0.53.

Vireinetta Janus. V. t. subdiscoided: alb&: carinis spiralibus,

4, acutis, angustis; infra exilé spiraliter striatt; aliunde transversé

striata ; striis a carinis interruptis : apice prominente : spira haud multim

540 Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

elevataé: anfr. 34, sutura conspicua : apertura orbiculari : labro subineras-

sato, a carinis pectinato: umbilico profundo. Diy. 160°; lat. max.

qe nt mm 15 2 alt..O,”'. 76.

VirrtnELLA MiINuTA. VY. t. discoided: sordide alba, nitidaé : exilissimé

transverse striata : apice obtusa: spira partim elevata: anfr. 3, ad sum-

mam partem depressis, sutura impressa; anfr. ultimo perdepresso, sub-

angulato: apertura magna, orbiculari: labro haud multtim incrassato:

umbilico subprofundo, partim obtecto. Div. 170°; lat. max. 1’’.01;

lat mim. 0.9 alt, O77 4,

VirRINELLA MopEsTA. V. t. discoidea: sordidé alb&, diaphana:

linea elevata spirali, infrasuturali, et carina umbilicum continente, et

striis nonnullis exilissimis ad anfr, ultimi peripheriam,—instructa : apice

haud prominente : spira convexa, haud multum elevata : anfr. 34, sutura

conspicua: apertura orbiculari: umbilico profundo. Diy. 170°: lat.

VirrINnELLA Panamensis. V. t. subdiscoidea: alb&: carinis spirali-

bus, 3, superiore robusta, inferiore plerumque parva, umbilicum conti-

nente; costis arcuatis, subdistantibus: apice obtusa: spira convexa, haud

multim elevaté: anfr. 3, sutura conspicua: apertura orbiculari: labro

subincrassato, a carinis subpectinato : umbilico angusto, profundo, Div.

160°: lat. max. 1.78 ; lat. mim. 1//".52 ¢ alt1/7”.

VITRINELLA PARVA. VY. t.subdiscoidea : alba: costis robustis pluribus

firmata ; carinis spiralibus prope anfr. ultimi peripheriam, utrinque una:

apice perobtusa: spira convexa, vix elevata: anfr. 3}, ad summam

partem angulatis, suturé haud multum impressa ; anfr. ultimo maximo :

apertura orbiculari: labro haud multim incrassato: umbilico angusto,

profundo. Div. 160°; lat. max. 1'.18; lat. min. 1’’; alt. 0.65.

VITRINELLA PERPARVA. V., t. subdiscoidea: alba: carinis spiralibus,

prope anfr. ultimi peripheriam utrinque una magna acuta, altera umbili-

cum continente minore ; transverse rugosa: apice obtusa: spira plana :

anfr. 8, subconvexis, sutura conspicua ; anfr. ultimo maximo: apertura

orbiculari: labro haud multum incrassato: umbilico profundo. Div.

180° ; lat. max. 0’’’.94 ; lat. min. 0'’.79; alt. 0'”.38.

VITRINELLA REGULARIS. V. t. subdiscoidea: albida, margaritacea :

levi, nitida ; stria infrasuturali una impressa : apice subacuta: spira con-

vexa, sutura conspicua: apertura suborbiculari: labro tenui: regione

umbilieari profundé indentaté. Div. 120°; lat. max. 1/78; lat. min.

1/52 + alt, 1/27.

VirRINELLA sEMINUDA. V. t. discoideA: alb&: supra exilissimé

transverse striat& : infra spiraliter striata: apice obtusa: spira convexa,

vix elevati: anfr. 8, subconvexis, suturaé conspicua; anfr. ultimo sub-

angulato + apertura orbiculari: labro tenui: umbilico angusto, profundo.

Diy. 170° ; lat. max. 1/067 2 Jatin. 1.95: alt. 0; 81.

VITRINELLA TRICARINATA. V. t. subdiscoideé; alb&: carinis spirali-

bus, 3; striis transversis, nonnullis, irregularibus ; umbilico spiraliter stri-

ato: apice subacuta: spird convexd, haud multiim elevata: anfr. 3,

depressis, suturé conspicu&é: apertura orbiculari, a carinis pectinato:

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells. 541

umbilico lato, profundo. Div. 150°; lat. max. 1’”’.83 ; lat. min. 1/’’.65 ;

‘alt. 0/89.

VITRINELLA VALVATOIDES. V. t. discoided : albida, diaphana : carinis

spiralibus, 3, inferiore umbilicum continente minore: spiraé concava:

anfr. 3, ad summam partem concavis, suturé conspicud; anfr. ultimo

subangulato: umbilico lato, profundo. Lat. max. 2/54; lat. min.

Var "any

Trocuus coronutatus. T. t. conicd, haud multim elevata, crass4 :

albida, flammulis latis obliquis rubro-fuscis ornata, ad nodulos rubelld :

lineis spiralibus elevatis exilé undulatis ; infra, lineis 4 vel 5 majoribus ;

carinis spiralibus nodulosis ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam, et nodulis major-

ibus infra suturam instructa : apice subacuté: anfr. 6, planulatis ;

sutura valde canaliculata : apertura suborbiculari: columella bidentata :

umbilico magno, profundo. Diy. 90°; long. 14’; lat. max. 18'’.2;

lat. min. 15/’7.2,

Trocuus Leanus. T. t. conica, procera: fusca pallida, rubro vel

flavido tincté; flammulis obliquis latis atro-fuscis ornata ; infra lineis

rubro et flavo-albo articulatis, concentricis picta : lineis spiralibus elevatis

granulosis : apice acuta: anfr. 9, supra perconvexis, infra planulatis vel

concavis : apertura subquadraté: labro tenui: columellA subrecta :

umbilico nullo. Div. 60°; long. 12’.2; lat. max. 11.2; lat. min.

Torso (?) PHAsIANELLA. TT. t, ovato-conoided: eolore varia,

plerumque rubra vel fuscA, interdum unicolore, plerumque flammulata,

interdum fasciaté vel seriatim maculata: striis profundis, spiralibus,

creberrimis : apice subacuta: spira conoidea: anfr. 5, convexis, suturd

conspicua : apertura lata, ovata, subeffusa: labro tenui: wnbilico

minimo. Div. 64°; long. 4/1; lat. 2"”".4; spire long. 2”,

Turbo rvtitus. T. t. trochiformi, elevata : rutila, pallidé transversé

strigata : spire rugis plurimis parvis obliquis subnodulosis, a sulcis parvis

spiralibus intersectis ; infra, sulcis angustis profundis concentricis 6 yel

8: spira subconoidea : anfractibus planulatis; suturd conspicua : anfr.

ultimo angulato, anteriiis subplanulato : labio expanso, appresso, calloso :

umbilico nullo. Div. 70°; long. 63'.5; lat. max. 76''".2: lat. min.

68''".6,

Evuma tora. E. t. subulata: levi, nitente: lined microscopica

impress ; supra lineam lacted, infra lineam diaphana: apice subacuta :

spira valdé areuaté: anfr. 10, subconvexis, sutura conspicua : apertura

parva, ovata, subeffusii: labro ad mediam partem porrecto. Div. 20°;

long. 2’”’; lat. 0’".76 ; spire long. 1//’.5.

Evia recra. E. t. elongata, ovato-conica : albida, fascia und opacd

et alteré diaphana infrasuturalibus—ornata; ad labrum et ad gradus

wtatis fusco exile bimaculata: levi, nitente, striis nonnullis gradus zetatis

monstrantibus : apice acutissima : spira recta, conicd : anfr. 11, subplanu-

latis, sutura inconspicua ; anfr. ultimo elongato: apertura angusta, supra

acutissima: labro acuto: columella robusta, subrecté. Diy. 21°; long.

10.3; lat. 2'".54; spire long. 7''".24,

542 Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

Evima sorrrania. E, t. elongata, ovato-conica : albida, supra fusco

tincta: levi, nitente: apice acuta: spira haud multum arcuata, sub-

conicé: anfr. 11, planulatis, suturé inconspicua: apertura ovata, supra

acuta: Jabro acuto, ad mediam partem producto : : columellé robusta,

subarcuata. Div. 23°: long. 4'.8; lat. 1.45 spire long. 3.56. An

Stylifer ?

PyrAMIDELLA conicA. PP. t. elongata, conica: supra albida, infra

fusca, linea pallida suprasuturali: levi, nitida : apice acutissima: spira

conica: anfr. 14, planulatis, sutura angusté canaliculata ; anfr. ultimo

angulato : aperturd obliqua : labro tenui : columella triplicata ; plica una

lamelliformi, plicis duobus parvis. Div. 23°; long. 14’7.5 ; lat. 47.45;

spire long. 97.65.

Pepipes AnGuLata. P. t. ovato-globosa : fusco-rubra, apertura alba:

crassa, lineis elevatis spiralibus rugosis creberrimis inequalibus, ad sum-

mos anfr. exilioribus : apice subacuta : spira conoidea : anfr. 4, angulatis,

ad summam partem concavis, ad suturam imbricatis; anfr. ultimo

magno, ventricoso, subangulato : apertura subelliptica : labro acutissimo,

supra subsinuato, intus crassissimo, callo ad anfr. angulum interrupto, infra

angulum in dentem longé producto : columella crassa, plana, biplicata :

plicis transyersis, inferiore minore: labio plica spirali lamelliformi

maxima instructo: umbilico nullo. Div. 90°; long. 6.35; lat. 4’’".8 ;

spire long. 2/775.

AuricuLa concinna, A. t. ellipsoided: atro-fusea, ad anfr. ultimi

peripheriam pallida et infra linea pallide flava ornata ; plicis et callo

albis : levi, nitida: apice acuta : spira conoidea ; anfr. 5, convexis, imbri-

catis, sutura parum impressa : : apertura angusta, supra acutissima, a

plicis contracta : labro acuto, intis a callo crasso firmato : ; plicis 3, inferi-

ore perobliqua, superiore maxima, infra concava, supra dilatata et

rugosi. Div. 80°; long. 8’’’.1; lat. 5'’".1 ; spire long. Bi 8.

AURICULA INFREQUENS. A. t ellipsoided : : fusca, fascit pallida infra -

suturali: striis transversis exilibus: apice acuta: spira subconoidea:

anfr. 6, ad summam partem subangulatis, sutura profunda; anfr. ultimo

compresso : apertura subelliptica : labro tenuissimo: plicis duobus, una

inferiore obliqua, alteraé transversé. Div. 80°; long. 5’.8; lat. 3.8;

spire long. 2’’".5.

Auricuta Panamensis. A. t. elongata, ovata: atro-rubra, plicis

internis albis: levi, nitida, striis spiralibus prope apicem insculpta:

apice acuti: spird supra conoidea, infra subcylindracea : anfr. 8, con-

vexis, imbricatis : apertura subelongata, acuta: labro intus mermi vel

uniplicato: labio triplicato. Div. 50° ; ; long. 11/71; lat. 4.3; spire

long. 5’’’.8; teste alterius, 65°; 9'". 3; Made ae 3.

AvuricuLa TaspocGEnsis. A. if aboutus heise fusco-rubra, colu-

mella rufa, plicis et callo albis: levi, nitida, supra exile spiraliter striata :

apice acuti: spira conoidea : anfr. 10, imbricatis, sutura conspicua ;

anfr. ultimo maximo: apertura prclonga, angusta, callo ad dextram

partem transversé rugoso: plicis 38, ad sinistram partem, superiore haud

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells. 543

multim majore, duobus alteris a sinu disjunctis. Div. 100°; long.

15’; lat. 9'".15 spire long, 3/’’.8.

AURICULA TRILINEATA. A. t. obovata: fusco-rubra, lineis albis tribus

spiralibus ornata ; columella rufa: striis transversis inequalibus : spirA

minima, conoided: anfr. angustis, imbricatis, suturaé conspicua; anfr.

ultimo maximo: apertura prelongaé, angusta: labro intis calloso et

transverse plicato: infra ad columellam plica una torta, supra hane

altera transvers&é inagna (his a sinu disjunctis), supra 4 parvis transver-

sis approximatis. Div. 135°; long. 18’’’: lat. 10'.9; spire long.

1 CAE:

TRUNCATELLA Barrprana. A. t. cylindrace’: succinea, aurantid:

costis parvis creberrimis, post labrum obsoletis, ad anfr. penultimum 24 :

apice acuta, truncata, anfr. 4 deperditis: spira subconvidea : anfr. reli-

quis 4, convexis, sutura impressa: apertura ovata, supra haud multim

effusa: labro reflexo, duplici: labio calloso. Div. ad med. 22°; long.

(testze truncate) 5'".3; lat. 1'7.9 ; spire long. 3’’’.8.

TruNCATELLA (27) puBrosa. T. t. ovato-conicd: diaphana, flavo-

fusca : tenui, levi, nitente: apice subacuta: spira subconoided: anfr. 6,

convexis, sutura impressa; anfr. ultimo brevi, ventricoso : apertura lata,

ovata: labro tenui: labio infra subreflexo, Div. 45°3 long, 2’.8 ; lat.

1’’".4; spire long. 1.14,

Butta inFrequens. B. t. cylindracea: alba: levi: apice minutis-

sima, prominente, papillari: spira elevaté, convexé: anfr. 44, ad sum-

mam partem acute angulatis, sutura canaliculata: apertura prelonga,

angusti; labro tenuissimo: columella in plicam spiralem robustam

desinente. Div. 130°; long. 7’’’.1; lat. 2’’.8; spire long. 0'’.76.

Burra vuticota. B. t. subcylindracea, infra latiore: diaphana, pal-

lidé cornea : striis transversis exilissimis : spira umbilicata, a labro par-

tim tecta: anfr. ultimo constricto: apertura supra spiram producta,

supra lineari, infra. suborbiculari: labro tenuissino: columella callosa :

infra regione umbilicari indentata. Long. 57.13 lat. 2’'.4,

SroMaTeLta INFLATA. S. t. oblique elliptica: alba, infra crassi et

opaca, supra tenui et diaphana: striis transversis inequalibus exilissimis ;

striis spiralibus nullis: apice minima, obtusd, prominente: anfr. 2, per-

convexis, sutura impressa ; anfr. ultimo ventricoso: apertura contracta,

columellam usque ad apicem monstrante: labio profundé arcuato.

Long. (oblique) 11'.4; lat. 7'’".9.

CALYPTR#A ABERRANS. C. t. subconcavi: papyratia, margaritacea :

striis transversis exilibus inequalibus: apice minima, subterminali: cya-

tho tenuissimo, angusto, concavo, transverso, sub apice. Long. 17'7.8;

Tak. U5) Be

Catyprr#®s (SypHOPATELLA) AspERSA, O. t. conicd: tenui: sordidé

vel subfusco-albida, maculis pluribus rubro-fuscis irregulariter aspersa :

rugis brevissimis minimis inequalibus minimé elevatis: apice acuta, cen-

trali: lamina replicata,—plica ad latus interius appressa et tubum for-

mante,—lata, per 240° revolvente: limbo tenuissimo, acuto. Diam.

14's; alt, 57.23.

544 Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

CALYPTR#A PLANULATA. C. t. plana, suborbiculari: tenui: nivea :

striis radiantibus, exilissimis, prope apicem obsoletis: apice subcentrali,

acuta, haud multiim elevataé: cyatho libero, angulis acutis, tenui, per

220° arcuato: limbo tenuissimo. Long. 8'.13 lat. 8'7.9.

Catyprr#A (SYPHOPATELLA) REGULARIS. C, t. conied: subincras-

sata : nived, prope apicem subfusco tincta: striis concentricis, exilissimis,

leviter impressis ; nitida: apice subacuta, subcentrali: lamina replicata,

tubum parvum formante, per anfr. unum volvente, ad limbum_ pro-

duct’: limbo aeuto. Diam. 32'’.2; ult. 14’.

CREPIDULA CERITHICOLA. C. t. ovata, convexa: posted albida, radiis

duobus latis fusco-rubris; anterius diaphana, pallidé fusco-rubra, fusco-

rubro radiaté; imterdum subunicolore; septo albo: levi: apice acuta,

terminali: septo ad sinistram partem angusté sinuato, ad mediam late

sinuato, ad dextram haud sinuato. Long. 5’”’.84 ; lai. 3'.56 ; sin. 1/’.78.

CrEPIDULA NIvEA. C, t. ovato-elliptica : subincrassata : intus nivea,

extus sordidé albé: irregulariter concentrice plus minusve rugosa, con-

centricé conspicué striata: apice dextrorsum deflecta, subprominente,

marginali: septo longitudinaliter subangulato, ad sinistram profundé et

ad dextrum haud profundé sinuato: limbo erasso, erebré striato. Long.

35)" bs Tats 2b45" alt. 1077.

CREPIDULA oscuLANs. C. t. elliptic&: tenui: pallidé cornea, dia-

phana: rugis minimis concentricis et radiatis decussata; apice subter-

minali, multim prominentc, haud marginali; nucleo nitente, transpa-

rente, dextrorsum vix deflecto : septo juxta limbum affixo, mmimo, lines

eurvate forma: limbo tenuissimo. Long 3’.563; lat. 2.55; lat.

1 02:

CrEPIDULA RosTRATA. OC. t. maximeé conyexa, subelliptica : livido-

fusca: rugis inequalibus haud prominentibus radiatis et concentricis :

apice acutissima, maximé prominente, rostriformi, a limbo multim dis-

juncta, dextrorsum vix deflecto: septo profundé affixo, planulato, plerum-

que declivi: limbo tenui, contorto.. Long, 1217.2; lat. 77.6; alt.

YEW

FissuRELLA ALTA, C. t. subconica, alt&: sordidé alba, radiis latis

atro-cinereis picté: costis radiatis, alternis majoribus; rugis concentricis

erebris: apice subanteriore: fissura parva, ovato-elliptica : limbo pecti-

nato. Long. 10.67; lat. 7.36; alt. 5°”’.6.

Anomra TeNuIs. A. t. orbiculari: planata, tenuissima: alba, sub-

transparente, margaritaceé: cicatrice superiore magna, subcirculari,

infra sinuat&é; cicatricibus duobus inferioribus parvis, circularibus,

equalibus, approximatis, quarum anterior prope superioris sinum posita

est; posterioris vertice parti medi anterioris exequante. Diam. 33’.

Cuama Buppiana. C. t. orbiculari vel subtriangulari: extus, et intus

ad limbum, purpureo-rubra, spinis albis: strits radiantibus interruptis ;

valva superiore spinis brevibus crassis triangularibus fornicatis ornata ;

valva inferiore quoad 2 vel 2 ad rupem affixa, aliter spinis dentiformibus

ornata ; limbis exilé et profundé crenulatis : apicibus submarginalibus.

Diam. 76’.

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells. 545

Arca pHoLapirormis. A. t. pholadiformi, vix hiante: albida: exilé

celathrata ; intersectionibus nodosis, infra striosis: umbonibus planulatis,

posticé valde angulatis ; rugis radiantibus ad angulum divaricatis: api-

cibus parvis: areé ligamenti lineari: limbis exilé cremulatis: dentibus

ad mediam seriem obsoletis. Long. 31/73; alt. 13/4; lat. 12’’".2.

Arca simitis. A. t. subellipticd, inequilaterali, subauriculata ; mar-

gine inferiori subrectaé : marginibus anticé et posticé rotundatis ; mar-

gine dorsali vix obliqua: alb&: epidermide virescente-fuscé in wtate

juniori, nigro-fusea in etate adulta : costis 40-44, posterioribus majoribus

et acuté angulatis : umbonibus prominentibus, planulatis, haud angulatis :

area. ligamenti angusta, depressi; marginibus intis a costis pectina-

tis; dentibus parvis. A. tuberculose Sowb. similis. Long. 55’’.9;

alt. 33/""; lat. 27'””.9.

Arca Tasocensis. <A. t. subelongata, subinequilaterali: margine

inferiori haud multtim hiante, subrecté; margine posteriori subrecta,

obliqui; margine anteriori rotundata: albid& ; epidermide atro-fusca :

costis radiantibus plurimis, perangustis, inequalibus ; rugis concentricis

obsoletis: umbonibus planulatis, area ligamenti angusta, anterius lati-

ore: limbis exilé et inequaliter crenulatis: dentibus ad mediam seriem

parvis: epidermide subpilosd vel lamellosa. Long. 33’’’; alt. 21.6 ;

lat: 16''",5,

CyTHEREA CONSANGUINEA. C., t. obovata, subcordata, infra rotundata:

pallidé straminea, radiis flavo-fuscis, angustis, irregulariter interruptis, ad

marginem haud productis : levi, nitida: apicibus approximatis, promi-

nentibus: area posteriori distincta, elongata, striata: ]unula cordiformi,

striata: limbis haud erenulatis. Long. 31/'.7; alt. 25’7.4; lat. 17/77.3.

GouLtprA Pacirica. G, t. subtriangulari, infra rotundata : varie colo-

rata, albida, vel pallide fusca, apicibus plurium rubro tinctis ; fusco inter-

dum radiatim vel rariis concentricé lineata : rugis concentricis crassis 8

usque ad 12; interdum radiatim striata : apicibus acutissimis perapproxi-

matis : lunula distincta : limbis haud crenulatis. Long. 5’’’.6 ; alt. 4’".8 ;

baton’ "23:

Cyrena MARITIMA. C. t. subtriangulari, infra rotundata, ventricosa,

subtenui: albida, posticé violacea: epidermide olivacea, asperé concen-

tricé striata: umbonibus inflatis, posteriis biangulatis, angulo tertio

intermedio obsoleto: lunula lata, profunda: ligamento magno: limbis

tenuibus: dentibus omnibus magnis. Long. 68'.6; alt. 57'.15 lat.

49’ 6.

Donax Rostratus. D. t. elongata, imequilaterali, anticé rostrata,

supra carinam concava : margine ventrali ad mediam rotundata, antice

recta : margine anteriori perobliqua, subrecta : purpureo et sordido flavo

zonata : supra et posterius levi nitida ; ad mediam striis exilibus distanti-

bus radiata; anterius profundits et crebrits striata: apicibus parvis,

prominulis : umbonibus anticé acuté carinatis: limbis anterits et infra

crenulatis : dentibus lateralibus utrinque magnis. Long. 40’’’.6; alt.

29'.2; lat. 20'”.2.

TeLiina coenarta, T. t. subelliptica, solida, convexa, subequilaterali ;

546 Panama Shelis. SYNOPSIS,

margine ventrali subrotundat’; margine anteriore late rotundata :

margine dorsali anticé subrecta, declivi, postice subconcava, declivi;

parte postic& oblique et late truncata: flexuraé parva: alba, rubro vel

fusco tincta: striis exilissimis inequalibus radiata; striis exilibus sub-

obliquis crebris, posticé deficientibus ; ligamento brevi, conspicua : denti-

bus lateralibus obsoletis. Long. 44'’’.6 3 alt. 81''.2 ; lat. 12.7,

TeLLINA concinna. T. t. subellipticé, tenui, convexa, parte antica

vix majore; margine ventrali subrotundata ; margine antica late rotun-

data; margine dorsali anterius vix excurvata, haud multum deelivi, pos-

terils subrecta, paululum declivi; parte postica suboblique latits trun-

cata: flexura parva: nitida, nivea, ad mediam partem rubella: striis

concentricis inequalibus exilibus, posticis majoribus ; striis radiantibus

inequalibus exilissimis : ligamento brevi, conspicuo: dentibus lateralibus

obsoletis. Long. 40.6; alt. 25’; lat. 12”.

TELLINA PUELLA. T. t. elongata, subsolida, convexa, subinequi-

laterali ; margine ventrali vix excurvata, posticé recta; margine antica

laté rotundata ; margine dorsali anticé vix excurvata, posticé recta, per-

declivi; parte postica acuminata: flexura parva: alba, prope marginem

rubro tinct&: nitid&; striis concentricis exilissimis; striis radiantibus

microscopicis: ligamento parvo: dentibus lateralibus conspicuis. Long.

92/8 + alt. 12/4; lat. 7/1.

TeLuINA siLtiquA. T. t. elongata, subellipticé, tenuissima, inflata,

perinequilaterali; margine ventrali subrecté ; margine antic rotundata ;

margine dorsali anticé vix excurvata, subdeclivi, postice recta vel con-

cava, declivi; parte posticaé angusté subtruncata : flexura magna : nivea :

striis concentricis exilissimis : apicibus acutis: ligamento parvo: dentibus

cardinalibus parvis, lateralibus obsoletis. Long. 17’’’.8; alt. 10’’.1;

daitaidt 6:

TeLLINA sImuLANs. T. t. subovata, solidé, subconvexa, subinequi-

laterali; margine ventrali vix excurvata: margine antica rotundata ;

margine dorsali anticé vix excurvata, posticé subrecta, declivi; parte

posticd obliqué truncata: flexura parva: alba, ad mediam partem roseo

tinct: nitida: sulcis concentricis crebris, regularibus, profundis, anticeé

et posticd zqualibus: ligamento brevi, conspicuo: area dorsali posticd

ab angulo umbonali finitai: dentibus lateralibus subobsoletis. Long.

eae lbs. Day ge Lb cae

TrLtiva vicina. TT. t. brevissima, subovata, solidé, convexa, subequi-

laterali; margine ventrali rotundata, interdum prope flexuram subin-

curvata; margine antica laté rotundata; margine dorsali subrecta,

utrinque declivi; parte postica subtruncata: flexura parva: albida,

interdum flavo tincté; interdum rubra, ceeruleo tincta, vel canescente ;

interdum albida, lineis purpureis angulatis ad umbones—vel radio antico

purpureo—ornata : striis profundis concentricis crebris inequalibus : liga-

mento brevi, conspicuo : dentibus lateralibus parvis. Long. 24/".1 : alt.

19’”.8 dag, 10", 1.

Perricora cocnara. P.t. pholadiformi: albidi; are& supera posticd

SYNOPSIS. Panama Shells, 547

striis exilibus equalibus crebris radiata ; area infera postica lineis elevatis

exilibus inequalibus radiat&; parte dimidia anticd costis—a squamis for-

nicatis erassis parvis instructis—radiata : umbonibus subplanulatis ; limbo

ventrali anticé pectinato. Long. 23’”.4; alt. 10.7; lat. 11”.2.

AmeuipesMa picotor. A. t. elliptied, vix flexuosa, inequilaterali,

posticé majori; margine dorsali posticé subconcavaé ; marginibus alteris

rotundatis : albida, prope apices purpurea ; intus area purpurea majori :

prope apices levi aliunde lineis exilibus concentricis et striis radiantibus

crebris exilissimis—posticé microscopicis, divaricatis—ornata : apicibus

parvis, prominentibus : umbonibus convexis. Long. 21'’’.6; alt. 187.8;

bite. 10%.

AmPHIpEsMA pRoximMum. A. t. suborbiculari, subflexuosa, subinequi-

laterali; margine dorsali anticé concava, postice subexcurvata ; parte

posticd subtruncaté ; marginibus aliunde rotundatis : nivea: epidermide

tenui, lutescente vel atro-fusca : parte media et postica lineis elevatis sub-

distantibus exilibus ornata ; striis exilissimis radiata: apicibus parvis ap-

proximatis: umbone sinistré quam dextrd convexiore: lunula et pube

angustis, concavis. Long. 45'.8; alt. 40’".1; lat. 20.8.

Ampuipesma srriosum. A. t. ellipticA, subflexuosd, inequilaterali;

margine dorsali posticé subexcurvata, anticé concava ; marginibus alteris

rotundatis : pallidé flava: lineis elevatis concentricis exilibus crebris et

striis radiantibus creberrimis exilissimis : apicibus parvis approximatis :

umbonibus convexis. Long. 20’.1; alt. 18’’’; lat. 8’”".4.

AmpHipesMA tTorTUosuM. <A. t. compressa, subequilaterali, supra

angulari, infra rotundaté; margine dorsali posticé vix excurvata, antice

vix concava; angulum cirea 125° continenti; marginibus alteris rotun-

datis: flexuraé magn&: albid&: rugis concentricis crebris, a striis radi-

antibus exilissimis trajectis: apicibus minimis, approximatis : umbone

sinistro planato, dextro convexo: Junul& et pube angustis, profundis.

Long. 31'.7; alt. 28’; lat. 8'".9.

AmpnipEsMA vENTRIcosuM. A. t. suborbiculari, subequilaterali, ven-

tricosd, flexuosa ; margine dorsali utrinque subrecta; marginibus alteris

rotundatis: albida, pallido fusco zonata : striis concentricis inequatibus ;

striis radiantibus exilissimis creberrimis : apicibus parvis, approximatis :

umbonibus perconyexis. Long. 17’.8; alt.15/.7; lat. 977.1.

Awatina atta, A. t. ovata, brevi; anticé subangulata et flexuosa ;

marginibus aliunde rotundatis : albidé, margaritacea : epidermide tenui,

fusco-lutescente: exilissimé sagrinata: apicibus parvis, prominentibus,

approximatis ; umbonibus subconvexis : ints post dentem cochlearifor-

mem profundé sinuataé. Long. 50'’.4; alt. 34’.3; lat. 17/78.

Panpora cornuta. P. t. elongata, ovata, perinequilaterali; parte

posticd longiore et alteriore; margine dorsali subrecta ; postice rostrata ;

margine posticd supra profundé excavata ; margine ventrali rotundata :

albida, margaritacea : umbone dextro posticé angulato: apicibus incon-

spicuis: umbonibus subsqualiter subconvexis. Long. 15/2; alt.

10’”.7; lat. 2’".8,

PoraMomya aqQua.is. P, t. subovata, subequilaterali, subinequivalvi ;

we ee

548 Panama Shells. SYNOPSIS.

margine posticaé subangulata ; marginibus alteris rotundatis: alba : epi-

dermide pallido fusco: angulo umbonali postic& haud prominente ;

umbone dextro inflato: apicibus parvis : dentibus parvulis : dente sinis-

tra ad mediam carinata. Long. 19'.8 ; alt. 16778 lat. 1077,

Poramwomya inruata. P. t. ovata, ventricosa, inequilaterali, subin-

equivalvi, posticé inter angulos duos umbonales subtruncata ; margine

ventrali haud multim excurvati; margine antici rotundata : alba :

epidermide fusco-lutescente : apicibus parvis: umbonibus inflatis « denti-

bus parvis: dente sinistra ad mediam carinata. Long. 17'”".8; alt.

e705: Tate a.

PoraMoMyA TRIGONALIS. P. t. solida, triangulari, subinequivalyi,

subequilaterali; margine dorsali posticd subexcurvata ; anticé angulata ;

posticé rotundataé ; infra subrecta: alba: epidermide fusco lutescente :

angulo umbonali postico acuto: apicibus magnis, prominentibus : denti-

bus robustis; dente sinistra ad mediam carinata. Long. 24’"".1; alt.

20°73 > lat. 14°72,

CorBuLa RuBRA. C. t. subovatd, subinequivalvi subinequilaterali

Se ie tigi see ear eae ’

postice acuminata, infra arcuata, anticé rotundata: rufa, anticé radio

brevi albo, anteriiis maculé atro-rubri—ornata : striis concentricis

exilibus ;_striis radiantibus exilissimis: umbonibus inflatis : dentibus

parvis. Long. 7’’’.9; alt. 4/8; lat. 3/”.5.

Sotecurtus arrinis. §, t. elongata, subcylindric&, utringue rotun-

data: alb&: epidermide stramined: apicibus subposticis : higamento

lato: nymphis callosis: dentibus parvis ; sinistraé und; dextris duobus.

Long. 57’”" ; alt. 20’”’.3'* lat. 14°”,

Soren rvupis. S. t. solidd, recta vel subrecta 3 posticd truncata ;

anticé rotundata ; limbis anticis crassissimis: alba’: epidermide fusco

lutescente, crassa, decidua, trans margines producta; striis exilissimis

nonnullis radiata : apicibus ab extremitatem anticam + longitudinis totius

distantibus: ligamento magno: nymphis callosis: dentibus in testis

senioribus magnis. Long. 147'”’; alt. 83”; lat. 25/.4,

CONCLUDING REMARKS.

THE reader of the Introduction to this paper, and of Dr. Gould’s

Introduction to his great work on the Shells of the United

States’ Exploring Expedition, may be struck with the coinci-

dence of opinions relating to the geographical distribution of

species, and to errors in the statement of their habitats and

distinctive characters. The coincidence is so exact, that it

might naturally be supposed that these opinions originated

in a single source. Such was their origin; but that source was

the book of nature. It was not until after both Introductions

had been written, that opportunities occurred for a free inter-

change of views with Dr. Gould. It is therefore with the

liveliest satisfaction that we derive assurance of their correctness,

both from the extent and accuracy of Dr. Gould’s knowledge

and also from the coincidence of the results of independent

investigations.

To avoid delay, it has been necessary to work off the sheets

of this article without revision by the author: hence some

errors have since been detected, and if many more should not

be discovered by others, we shall be agreeably disappointed.

We have, however, some confidence that they will not exceed

in magnitude those which we have endeavored to eliminate from

Conchological literature. All are liable to error: but it may

be reasonably expected, that, as in Astronomy rude approxima-

tions have been repeatedly corrected with successive advances

towards absolute accuracy, so in Zoology the errors respecting

geographical distribution and the characters of species will be

gradually eliminated. A real advance towards accuracy, how-

ever small, will be an ample reward for a labor which has been

performed con amore.

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Page

Abreus basalis Le Conte, = LO

maritimus Le Conte, . 170

Achatina Blandiana Ad, . . . 91

Dominicensis (Gmel.), . :

Grifithii Ad, . . ». » « 45

Grofithstt Ad, . . . « « 46

leucozonias (Walch.), .

proxima 4d, . .. .. 91

BolitarintAG.s mM. tet val etiten whee

SIIOGE ACh ute. ht sds ee ta Oe

VENUE AG. (ss 6.

Achatinella abbreviata Reeve, . . 44

castanea Reeve, . . - - . 44

deeepta Ady . 4 42) ») 2 0) 48

DimondUpAdeay | iieyel ve is ae

magenta Ady Hah) a) ajyees one

TIOCERtANA ese luati ees led tien ae

pulcherrima Swains, . . . 44

TOMGEG PAT saul il colette ed = Oo

Rieeview Ad. se lolkentts sito ae

rubens Gould, '. ... . 48

Tappaniana Ad, . . . . 42

viridans Migh, . . . . . 44

Acilius fraternus, 208

GTETRUB IE chy att? 31): oUt Popes 203

laticinetus Le Conte, . . . 208

simplex Le Conte, 202

Acrepis Le Conte, . . . . 2138

maculata Le Conte, . . . 218

Adams, C. B. New Species of Par-

tula and Achatinella, . . 41

New species of Jamaica

Shells, 45, 77, 98

— On the Habitat of certain

species of Land Shells, . _. 100

—— On Cyeclostoma Jamaicensis

and allied species, . . . 56

Note on the Genus Stoastoma, 64

Catalogue of Jamaica Land

Shells: kat. 3) dull teinkem eeu tk Oo

—— Catalogue of Panama Shells, 229

Adelina plana Le Conte, .

Adeorbis abjecta Ad, .

scaber Phil, . . .

Agabus discolor Le Conte,

lugens *

—— morosus ss

semivittatus “

Akephorus i

marinus ee

Amphidesma bicolor Ad.,

ellipticum Sowb.,

—— lenticulare Sowb.,

proximum Ad, .

—— pulchrum Sow), .

striosum Ad.,, .

tortuosum Ad, .

ventricosum,. . .

Amphidora WERCM is cot Mints

—— attenuata Le Conte,

— nigropilosa -

— osculans s

rufipes

Anas Rafflesii, King, . .-

Anaspis atra Le Conte,

collaris “e F

flavipennis Hald., .

luteipennis Le Conte,

Anatina alta Ad, . . -

Ancylus obliquus Ad.,

Anepsius §_Le Conte,

delicatulus “ ;

Anisodactylus De, . .

alternans Le Conte,

—— amaroides a“

—— brevicollis “

—Californicus ‘“

—— confusus és

—— confusus «e

— consobrinus of

—— similis Kt

Ancedus brunneus Ziegl,, .

or concerning which new information is given, are

hich only incidental reference

r higher divisions in Sma.

552

Ancedus rotundicollis Ze Conte, .

Index.

Page

150

Anomia lampe Gray,. . . . . 468

PANUIS Ade) Mele) ae cs 469, 544

ANTHICID &, Be edie coat Mist ia 151

Anthicus!Paglis (Ys si tices ke iis . 158

alutaceus Le Conte, . . ~ 155

annectens id by ish He Oe

bellullus ss . 156

—— biguttulus “ . 155

Californicus, . . 158

cinctus Say, . = ae 152-3

— confinis Le Conte, ...:.; «. . 1538

corticalis ss » Wp

eribratus < Oe een Pr es

—— horridus as 4 vale libs:

— luteolus ce Seal pA.

ATG : scl b6

nanus es a eloOo

—nigritulus “ ° . 154

—— nitidulus ss eb) eae al'5S

obseurellus “ . 155

— punetulatus “ - 155

— rufulus sd - 155

tenuis ce . 153

Apenes opaca s Phe oe Z(G)

Apoerypha anthicoides, . . . . 187

dyschirioides Le Conte, . 137

Apristus cordicollis Chaud, 176

laticollis Le Conte, . 5 116

Areoschizus costipennis, Le Conte, 138

Area alternata (Sowd.), 481

auriculata Sowb., 481

aviculoides Reeve, . . 481

emarginata, Sowb., 482

gradata Brod, 482

grandis “ cay eh is 483

grandis ee SHS! ge 283

— Helblingii Reeve, 485

— hemicardium Koch, . 485

mutabilis (Sowd.), 483

—— Noe Lin., . i500288

pholadiformis Adsoi ‘ 484, 545

—— Reeveana Orb., 485

— reversa Sowbd., ws ABS

— similis dd, . 485, 545

—— solida (Sowd.), ~ . 486

— Tabogensis Ad, 486, 545

—— tuberculosa Sowb., 487

tuberculosa Sowb., 233

ARCID&, ‘ PAL 478

Argo- buceinum nodosum Chem, 339

Argyreiosus, 5 68

funiculatus Brevoort, 76

Vomer, .

68, 69, 70, 75, 76

Artemis Dunkeri (Phil. ) . 498

saccata Gould, : . 499

Asbolus Le Conte, 7129

levis Ke . 180

verrucosus Le “Conte, . 129

Page

Asclera bicolor Le Conte, . . . 158

excavata = eee RLS

Ash-colored Flycatcher, . . . . 121

Asida anastomosis Say, ee eecire! LOT

opaca Bes Sparen bey

polita Se Oar Lee

Auchmobius Ze Conte, . . . . 189

sublevis, iy ) aa Ane eee O

Aupicula: >. 6 0c) 2 4g. Oe

acuta. Orb, s 4) je eee

concinna 4d, . . 432, 542

—— fusca Phil, . . . . « . 485

infrequens Ad., 433, 542

Panamensis “ - + 483,542

papillifera Kiist,, Pa lege

—— pyriformis Petit, . . . . 485

stagnalis Ord, . . . « » 484

Tabogensis Ad., 435, 542

trilineata i . . 486, 548

AURICULIDA, . by GRIT ER LO

Avicula crocata Sw., tes dew ao

margaritifera (Lin.), eae

Bterna’ Gould, 002% Sh. aie

AVICULIDA, . ahve eee 8

Awah-kattoe- jahwe, id? § ONS E E te

Axinopalpus biplagiatus, . . ~ 175

Californicus (Motsch.),. . . 175

fusciceps Le Conte,. . . . 175

Baird, 8

. F., Description of ie

ale Kirtlandii, -— Oy

Batulius Le Conte... . 5 «ss 148

rotundicollis Ze Conte, . . 148

setosus Le Conte, . .. . 148

Bell, J. G., Observations on Limosa

scolopacea Wanye 17.7 Wotan 281

— On Pipilo Oregonus, 7. 6

New species of deine he ho

Bembicium, . a oe as quae!

Bembidium affinis Say, oy Peet tana SO

ephippiatum “ iene ret GIL

indistinctum Man.,. . . . 188

transversale “» 5 . 3 . 190

Berosus exilis Le Conte, . . . . 211

punctatissimus “ . . . . 211

punctulatus “ .. . . 211

Black-bird, . . gpl)

Black- winged mocking: bird, Sas.

Blaps acuta Say, -. . « 138

Blapstinus angustus Le Conte, ge

brevicollis iy of. ae

—— crassus a 146

— dilatatus ha Sigg lee

longulus ig eee

—— pubescens “ pay

sordidus eS ee Vas

sulcatus nS Hegre

Blehrua 4 os oS a

BuepuaRIDA,. . ..

Bomius Le Conte, .

—— linearis Le Conte,

lucidus Le Conte,

Bracutopopa,

Brevoort, J. C, On Selene argentea,

Brown- striped Olive Finch,

Bryaxis compar Le Conte,

foveata i

——s puneticollis ss

subtilis ae

Buecinum,

“

cingulatum

coarctatum

crassum (Hinds),

—— decussatwm Kien.,

distortum Wood,

“

insigne feeeve,

Janelii Val,

lugubre Ad,

— . luteostoma Kien.,

modestum Powis,

— mutabile Val.,

—— pagodus Reeve,

planaxis Wood,

=— pristis Desh., .

—— pulehellum ‘Ad,

—— pulchrum Reeve,

ringens Reeve,

ringens Wood,

hoamasonl Kien.,

— Stimpsonianum Ad.,

strombiforme Wood,

tectum

Bulimus anomalus Aa

hortensis i:

macrospira “

-— mirabilis 4

octonoides ef

rufescens Gray,

subula Pfr., .

Bulla decussata Wood,

infrequens Ad.,

—— luticola s

— punctata A. ade

siriata Brag.,

Burwz, . .

Buteo Harlani Avil,

Byssoarea alternata Sowb.,

“

mutabilis

— pholadiformis Ad.,

solida Sowb., .

Tabogensis Ad.

Callisthenes Fisch.,

JULY, 1852.

Breviden tatum Wood,

hemastoma Reeve, .

parvulum at yt ,

sanguinolentum (Duct),

punctulata A, Ada, ,

Index.

Page

Relea

Asal Wehr)

. 527

. 215

~eallD

215

e291

. 298

- 299

- 327

s 291

287

- 292

. 296

- 293

. 296

530

. 286

. 818

. 293

553

Page

Callisthenes moniliatus Le Conte, 200

Wilkesii Le Conte, . 200

Calopus angustus “ . 158

Calosoma angulatum Le Conte, - 199

calidum, . 199

— lepidum Say, . : . 200

semileve Le Conte, . . 199

tepidum M . 199

Oalypeopsis hispida Br od, . 445

imbricata . 446

maculata i A . 447

radiata « Pea Ay

Calyptrea aberrans Ad, . 448, 543

aspersa . 443, 543

—— cepacea Brod, . .. . . 444

—— conica th . 444

—— dentata Menke, . 445

— echinus Brod., . . 450

—excaata “ wml, fat Meee EDO,

hispida Brod, . . . . . 446

imbricata “ or EO ee eae

incurva Brod., . . « «452

Lessonii . 453

maculata “ Se eons AA

planulata dd, . . . 447, 544

radiata Brod., . 447

——regularis Ad, . . . 448, 544

= PUTS at OU en tay ts ~ . 449

—— rugosa Reeve, 4 . 445

—— squama Brod., . 453

—— unbrella Desh., . 449

unguis Brod., . 449

@anrerr ama. 6) FNS 8 . 441

Campi Olives va a ys . 275

Cancellaria, . 856

affinis Ad., i : ; y 356,

532

—— asperella Lam., Sint eRe |

—— bicolor Hinds, eee ee 60

— clayatula Sowb., es ete Soir

— contabulata Sowb., eee estes 00)

decussata Sowd., . 358

goniostoma “ . 358

— wmitriformis ‘“ : . 859

—— pulchra Sct . 859

solida Sowbd.,

——pygmea 4d, . .. 360,

532

. 361

tesselata Sowb., . 361

uniplicata Sowb., . B59

Cantharis aeneipennis ‘Le Conte, . 160

chalybea - 160

eyanipennis “4 . 160

—— lugens ‘s . 161

moerens Be . 216

—— nitidicollis as . 160

smaragdula fs . 160

—— stygica 9 . 161

tenebrosa ty 160

tenebrosa Le Conte, . 161,

—— yulnerata Le Conte,

216

. 159

Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

554

Capnisa, . . nites

Capsa altior Soub.,

CaRABIDA,

Carabus serratus ‘Say, . ;

Zimmermani Le Conte,

Cardinalis sinuatus Bonop :

CaRDUDsA, . .

Cardita affinis Beane,

arcella Val.,

laticostata Sowb.,

nodulosa Val, . .

radiata Sowb., . -

Cardium graniferum Brod.,

obovale

planicostatum Soub,

procerum es

rastrum Reeve,

senticosum Sowb,,

Caspian Tern, . . :

Cassidaria setosa Hinds, ‘

Cassin’s Tyrant Flycatcher, .

Cassis abbreviata Blain.,

coarctata Sowb.,

lactea Kien, . . .

ringens Sowb., . -

Cavalli, =...

Centrioptera caraboidis Man.,

muricata Le Conte, .

Centurus elegans Swaine,

Santa-Cruzi Bonap,

Cerenopus Le Conte,

bicolor “ :

concolor “

costipennis Le Conte,

Cerithium adustum Kien.,

assimilatum Ad,

—— bimarginatum Ad,

famelicum

gemmatum Hae 3

Hegeswichii Phil.,

Humboldti Valence,

interruptum Menke,

irroratum Gould,

maculosum Kien.,

—— Montagnei Orb.,

neglectum Ad, . .

ocellatum Brug.,

Pacificum Sowbd.,

pauperculum Ad, .

pulchrum Pe

Reevianum (cane

terebellum Ad., i

trilineatum Phil.,

validum Ad.,

varicosum Kien.,

Ceryle Americana (Gmel, Wad :

Chama Broderipii Reeve,

Buddiana Ad, . .

—— corrugata Brod,

Index.

Page

- « 141

« » 500

ers

- 200

. 200

ea thG

. 488

. 489

. . 488

=») « 489

« » 490

. 491

oll

ates ESL

aw bii4o2

. 492

5 gay

a)» Bog

Pe mets)

. 326

Misuoed

“ih es Aoao

. 297

ae Ks

- 148

- 142

oliLG

- £23

. 148

- . 143

.. 149

. 148

. 3874

, 5338

, 033

- 816

. 382

. 319

377

este

, 316

, ool

, 538

. 378

- 379

, 233

, dot

, 584

~ ab

. 875

, 534

. 382

iaels,

Bec lrie

ani, 544

~ ATT

Chama echinata Brod, . .

Pacifica Brod.,

CHAMIDA, . . eae

Chemynitzia. arog. were

siculens):Ad ame

acuminata Ad, . . .

affinis pee Ne

elathratula * . .

communis “

communis Ad.,

gracilior Ad., ad

AEE

major Ad., Sides

marginata Ad, . .

Panamensis “ . . -

—— similis as

—— striosa a ere res

—— striosa Ad, . ...

turrita ‘Ad,

Chestnut- shouldered Warbler,

Chiton clathratus Reeve, .

dispar Sowb, . . - «

Iuridus “ .. pa are

pulchellus Gray, gts

Stokesii Brod, . . .

Chlenius apicalis Le Conte, .

cumatilis gs F

latecollis: “0 hh v- :

monachus Le Conte, j

obseurus a é

obsoletus $

regularis a

TUDOR a o's cans Wests

SOLMEATIUGY Ste een rae

Cheetodon arcuatus, .

Faber,

Page

. 478

sp ATT

ATT

. 388

388, 535

388, 585

389, 585

389, 535

390, 586

. 388

391, 536

- 388

391, 536

. 388

392, 536

392, 586

3938, 536

. 389

398, 586

Chordeiles Brasilianus (Gel. )

Virginianus, .

Cicindela albohirta,

ascendens Le Conte,

cinctipennis Le Conte, .

cumatilis Le Conte,

gravida, Fe

generosa Le Conte, .

hemorrhagica Le Conte,

imperfecta iy

latesignata

—— rujiventris, . 4

serpens Le Conte, .

sigmoidea “ ,

tenuisignata ‘ :

tortuosa “

CIcINDELID&, -

Cingula i inconspieua Ad,

paupercula Susie

terebellum ub :

turrita $ ‘

Clavatula rigida Hinds, .

4 A

- 466

. 466

. 467

. 179

Riles:

. 180

lr)

- 180

. 179

Se)

. 180

pees)

68, 70

. 14

. 114

meelirti

. 172

Seb

- Lis

- 170

. 178

. 171

erie

. 172

. 178

- 173

2 Li

Prely(i

. 172

Spe to)

405, 538

405, 589

406, 589

- 310

Index.

Page

CLERIDE, . + - <f OP AZ

NGleriisa®. shies Lemtee Oe et sera 19

analis Ze Conte,. . oe r20

angustus “ A eee

arachnodes Klug, . . » . 22

bicolor Melsh., 5 weet

brachypterus Klug, . a0

eordifer Le Conte, Spiele

erabronarius Spin., . ; 21

—— dubius Faé., . = 24

dubius Spin., . : 24

erythrogaster Spin., . 23

eximius Mann., - 25

— humeralis Germ., 27

ichneumoneus Fab., 3 20

ichneumoneus Fab., . 212

lunatus Sturm, jeer

Mexicanus Spin., : 21

nigrifrens Say, . 23

migocipes ) ve reo

nubilus Alug, . . ce ah

oculatws Dej., . . + aaa

— oculatus Say, . et tee

pallipennis Say, . . . 28

quadriguttatus Oliv., - ee

quadrisignatus Say, 219

rosmarus eat 20

rufescens Le Conte, . a2

rufiventris Dej., . . - 24

—— rufus Oliv., : : 20

sanguineus Say,. . . - 19

sexguttatus Fab, 25

sphegeus “ a) ae

thoracicus Oliv., . - 23

trifasciatus Say,. . . - 24

truncatus Le Conte, . 23

undatulus Say, . 25

—— unifasciatus Say, 27

verticalis Klug, 29

viduus Klug,. .. . . 22

Clivina confusa Le Conte, - 198

dentipes e . . 198

unctulata Le Conte, 198

Cnemidotus callosus “ oan 200

simplex “ - 201

Gecinm:. 787 Ss 384

diminutum Ad, . . 385, 584

eburneum “ 885, 535

firmatum ‘“ 4 885, 535

—— firmatum Ad, . . ‘aba 1

=f ilaye Adi cs sh ee eu) Hoe

laqueatum Ad., . 886, 535

— monstrosum “ , 386, 535

parvum ower: 387, 535

pygmeum “ . . . 887, 535

Celeenemis magna Le Conte, . . 150

obesa 4 one LOO

Ceelus ciliata Esch, ~. . . 188

globosus Le Conte, . . 133

Columba flavirostris

Columbella,

bieanalifera ‘‘

bicolor Kien., .

Boivinii Kien.,

citharula Duel. .

—— conspicua Ad.,

—— costellata Brod,

— cribraria Sowb.,

—— diminuta Ad.,

dorsata So2b.,

—— fluctuata’ “‘

fluctuosa Ducl.,

fulva Sowd.,

fuscata “ :

fuscata Sowb,,

—— gibberula Sow, .

gibbosa Valence, .

gracilis Ad, . .

— guttata Sowd.,

—— hemastoma Sowd.,

harpiformis “

labiosa “

lentiginosa Hinds,

—— lyrata Sowbd., .

major “ ;

meleagris Kien., .

modesta (Powis),

— mesta Ad.,

—— nigrescens Sowb.,

—— nigricans Sowb., .

—— nigricans Sowb.,

—— nigricans “

—— parva Sowb, . .

—— pulehrior Ad, .

—— pygmea Sowd.,

rugosa es

rustica (Linn.),

scalarina Sowb.,

Sowerbyi Ducl., .

sulcosa Sowb.,

suturalis Griff, .

tesselata Ad.,

— turrita Sowd.,

varia s A

Colymbetes strigatus Le Con

Colyphus, .

interceptus ‘“

rufipennis “

signaticollis “

Conibius Le Conte, . .

seriatus

Conicntis affinis 9“

atramentaria Sowb.,

Wagl.,

strombiformis Lam.,

strombiformis var. Ken.,

cinctipennis Spin. .

parallelus Le Conte,

“

triumphalis Ducl., . .

ve,

555

Page

Selbewl lhe)

. . 805

; ee toUe

. 306

. oa

. 807

. d1b

530

. 808

ecole

309, 530

nT SOD

. 310

ole

5 hk!

S28

. 812

SARS LT

318, 531

erie i:

. 318

J) eeole

. . 816

. . 323

SiS

ean UF

Pum bt

Ce Oe

318, 531

. . BUS

a eee

S sene

. 806

. . 320

320, 531

eae 34

3 Oak

Bee

. 3808-9

Banya

. 822

silyl

fd ES

oF SLO

323, 531

. 292

ose pho

556

Coniontis obesa Le Conte,

ovalis

puncticollis, “

subpubescens “

Conirostrum ornatum Lawrence,

Cononotus Le Conte,

punctatus “

sericans “

Conus,

brunneus Wood, .

gladiator Brod.,

lineolatus Valence,

—— mahogani Leeve,

— nux brod,,

princeps Linn,

purpurascens Brod,

regalitatis Sowb.,

regius Chem., .

regularis Sowb.,

vittatus Lam, j

Coptotomus difficilis Le Conte,

longulus

Corbula bicarinata he

biradiata, 6

obesa Hinds,

ovulata Sowb.,

rubra Ad.,

tenuis Sowd.,

CorBuLip#, ; :

Corvus Peruvianus Gmel. be

Corynetes Fab., .

marginellus Chev,

ruficollis Fab.,

rufipes De Geer, .

violaceus (Lin. ) ;

Craniotus Le Conte,

pubescens “

Crassatella gibbosa Sowb.,

Crepidula, , i

calceolina Desh.,

cerithicola Ad,

dilatata Orb., :

echinus (Brod.), .

excavata ( “ )

hepatica Desh.,

ineurva (Brod. ), ;

Italica Defr., . .

Lessonii (Brod. Dies

nivea Ad, . .

— osculans Ad, Ang

planaSay, ...

rostrata Ad... .

squama (Br od.),

unguiformis Lam. .

unguiformis Lam,

Crepipatella echinus Brod,

Crucibulum rudis Woodward,

Cryptadius Le Conte, .

inflatus “ :

Index.

Page

ulioil

. 181

131

. 131

Se)

MESH

. 138

Aly

- 328

. 328

. 829

. 831

. 329

. 3380

- 330

. 832

- 888

. 830

. 384

» 834

. 204

523,

. 205

. 521

621

. 522,

" 522

548

- 523

. 618

. 142

Be dls}

. 142

. 516

. 449

233,

age

tenistes pulvereus Le Conte, Old

Zimmermant . . ; 214

Culicivora atricapilla Swain., Riess Loe

Cuma suleata Swain., 803

Cumingia coaretata Sowb., 511

trigonularis s 512

Cyanocorax Yucas Bodd, 115

Cybister ellipticus Le Conte, 202

explanatus 202

Cyclas minor Ad., . 219

securis Prime, aS

truncata, “918- 19

Cyclostoma aberrans Ad., - OR

Adamsi Pfr., all Soothe 55

ee aibinodania, Ad., itphclig ies 55

— album 80

—— amandum ie 78

—— anomalum s 78

—— articulatum Sowb., 78

—— asperulum ss 100

— Auguste Ad. : 79

— aurora Ad., . Ae OL

— Banksianum Sowb, 80, 101

—— Linneyanum Pfr, 45

— Campbellii Ad., 78

——Chevalieri “ 79

concentricum Ad. (4. 03%. 48

—— corrugatum Sovwbd,, 59

—— corrugatum Sowb.,, 56, “59, 100

—— crassum Ad., Shh elas Se.

— decussatulum Ad., . . . . 101

—— dubiosum Ad,, 81

—— fascia Gray, . 719

—— jilosum Sowb.,, 78

—— jimbriatulum Sowb.,, : 55

OQTAMOSUT CAG» 1aj\,.tie akeaie DO

— Hillianum “ Sadie Waar ded

—— hyacinthinum Ad, 80, 101

—— ignilabre oy Pena ha, arr ()

Jamaicense (Chem), 56

Jamaicense (Chem.), . Bi, 58, 59

Jayanum Ad, . . . 79

jugosum Ad., 59

labeo (Miill. ye 100

lamellosum ‘Ad, 54

lincina (Lin.), . 56

lincinellum Lam., 47,101

mirabile (Wood), . 101

Moussonianum Ad, 77

mutatum Me 78

Neweombianum Ad., 101

nitens ke ists 79

nodulosum oe Br 56

pallescens Ad., sub 59

papyraceum Ad, . . . 81

perpallidum Ad, . . 81

pisum Ad., BRL 78

proximum Ad., ee 79

——pulehrius “ . ... 45

Index.

Page

Cyclostoma retrorsum Ad, Sidi

sagittiferum Ad., 53

scabriculum Sowb., 78

seminudum dd., 59

sericinum ‘“ 80

simulans $ 54.

spinulosum Ad., nN, “48, 101

subrugosum Sowb, 57, 59

succineum a . 64

suturale . 58, 81

Tappanianum <Ad., AgeoHlt

Tappanianum Ad., PLO

tectilabre Ad, “ 54

a tenwistriatum 55

variabile Ue 78

varians Ad., “ 59

virgineum Ad., : 78

xanthostoma Sowb., .« 79

Yallabense Ad, yh)

CycLosToMID&, . 436

Cylichna luticola Ad, wy . 439

Cylindrella Agnesiana Ad., 84

alabastrina Pfr., 100

— Binneyana Ad, 45

brevis Pfr., 2 101

cylindrus (Chemn.), 85

— Dunkeri Pir., 91

—-elatior Ad, . 91

—— Humboldtiana Pfr., 100

lata Ad., : reo 88

Maugeri (Wood), . 85—90

— *Mangeri (Wood), Sees ane

nobilior Ad., : 45

princeps Ad., 91

Robertsi “ 84

TOSCOMPED | hei th vente 85

WUOTOIAG 91

variegata Pfr., 100

zonata Ad., 85

Cymatodera, . iy te 14

angustata Spin, . 16

bicolor (Say), . 16

-—— Bosci Chev., . . . 15

brunnea Jéels., : 15

fuscula Le Conte, . . 212

inornata (A/ug.), 15

longicollis Spin., 15

longicornis Le Conte, 16

punctata c 212

tenera Le Conte, 14

undulata (Say), . 15

Cymindis Americana Dej., .. 177

eribricollis Sab ialh 177

elegans Le Conte, . . 177

— fuscata Dej., . . . . 178

laticollis Say, 177

limbata Dej., . 177

neglecta Hald., . oy

—— pilosa Say, is Ws

557

Page

Cymindis platycollis (Jay), Buliis

—— punctigera Le Conte, . 178

reflexa Le Conte, 5 alee

venator Dej., culiia

Cyprea, Si enone . 256

arabica Lin, Seen viad . 228

arabicula Lam., c . 256

arabicula Lam., . 259

cervina Lam., . 258

cervinetta -Aven., Sy weed

cervinetta Kien, . 256, 258

Comuus SITS). ec nl een ne

exanthema Lin.,. . . 257, 258

histrio Meuschen, 227, 228

maculata Barnes, es ae

oniscus Wood, . 261

punetulata Gray, . . . 259

—— punetulata Gray, . . . 256

pustulata Lam., . 259

radians e ee er yo)! |

reticulata Martyn, 227, 228, 257

rubescens Gray, .. . « 262

sanguinea “ . 262

Cypraip&, : ay e208

Cyrena maritima Ad, - - 499, 645

Cyrtulus patula Hinds, Sie toh

Cysteodemus Le Conte, . 158

armatus a Belts!

— Wislizeni “ se LoS

Cytherea aftinis Sowb., - . 496

albida, : . . 497

—— aurantia Hanley, atts . 496

—— aurantiaca Sowb, . . . 496

—— biradiata Gray, . . ao SEN

— consanguinea Ad., . 496, 545

—— convera Say, . ead

—— Dunkeri Phil., Bg Se neice)

—inflata,....... . 497

—— radiata Sowb., . 497

—— squalida “ . 497

——. subsulcata Menke, . 495

Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linn.), . 117

Dentalium trachea Mont., . 884

Dermestes violaceus Linn., : . 34

Diaphorus tenuicollis Le Conte, . 173

Dicheirus obtusus . 185

parallelus BRON EBAY

Ditylus ceruleus Hald, . . . . 158

quadricollis Le Conte, . . 157

Dolium crassilabre Menke, > 297

dentatum Barnes, OO,

—— latilabre Kien., 3: 297

personatum Menke, . SANT

—— plicosum aha . 297

ringens Swain, . . . 297

ringens Swain., od) ates . 827

Donax assimilis Hanl., . 501

carinatus Hanl., . 502

558

Index.

Page

Donax gracilis Hanl, . 501

nayicula. “ So ab

rostratus Ad, 502, 545

Dromius Americanus s Dej, ~ 11%

angustus Le Conte, leit

ce Motsch, . 175

cordicollis (Chaud.}, . 176

latens Le Conte, . biG

—— nigrinus Man., Be Lei

subsulcatus Di : . 176

Wack. : . 219

Dyschiri ius Bon., . 195

analis Le Conte, . 196

aratus SS . 196

consobrinus “ . 196

convexus “ - 195

integer ti oe LOG

patruelis. “ . - » 196

tridentatus “ . aps LOO

PIs A Te ee a. ZOU

Edrotes Le Conte, ; . 140

ventricosus Le Conte, . 141

Ega letula . 1738

Elaphrus levigatus “ . 200

Elasmvecerus Le Conte, 13

megatoma (Spin.), . 13

terminatus ( “ ). . 14

Eleodes acuta (Say), . 133

acuticauda Le Conte, . 185

armata v3 ° . 134

consobrina - . 135

depressa oh . 136

femorata . . 1384

laticollis fe . 135

longicollis ‘S . 134

——nitidipennis “ . 138

subnitens e . 134

—— sulcipennis Man, . . 133

—— vicina Le Conte, - . 133

Embernagra rufivirgata Lawrence, 112

Enaphorus Le Conte, oe ee

rufulus Le Conte, : . 174

Enoplium bimaculatum Mels, 33

cinctum De}, j 32

damicorne (Fabr.), . 33

dislocatum Say, Ne aoe

distrophum ey ee

fasciatum, . . eke). hae es

laticorne Say, . . . . sl

marginatum Say, . 32

oeulatum (Say), . 82

onustum Say, oe ee

pilosum Say, : A soi

—— punctatissimum Chev, ae ee

—— quadripunctatum, Say, oak. Oe

thoracicum Say, . . 33

venustum Hald., ose

vetustum Spin, . . . 32

Epantius Le Conte, .

obseurus “

Ephippus Faber Cuv,

Epicauta elegans Le Conte

maura :

oblita ‘6 °

—— punctieollis KS

punceticollis Le Conte, .

Epierus decipiens Le Conte, .

nigrellus Le Conte, .

vicinus Le Conte, .

Epiphleus distrophum Klug,

Epiphisa,

Erato scabriuscula Gray,

Eulabis pubescens Le rie

rufipedis, -

Eulima iota Ad,

mectar ye ers

solitaria Ad, .

Evuiimips, .

murinus Hald.,

499,

423,

Eurygenius constrictus Le Conte,

Eurymetopon abnorme Le Conte,

atrum

convexicolle ie

longulum “

obesum ae

Eusattus as

convexus e

— difficilis a

— dilatatus oe

dubius ae

—— dubius Le Conte, .

—— muricatus Le Conte,

reticulatus Say,

Euschides obovata Le Conte,

Eustrophus bicolor, .

indistinetus Le Conte,

Faronus Isabelle Le Conte, :

Tollule

Fasciolaria granosa Brod,

Feronia Dej, . . . .

Fieula decussata Reeve, ;

ventricosa (Sowb. )

Finch,

Fissurella eequalis (Sowb. )

alta Ad,,

macrotrema Sowb,

—nmicrotrema “ Rhee

mus Reeve, iy

—— nigropunctata Sowb, ;

ostrina Reeve, f

virescens Sowb, M40

FissuRELLID&,

Fly-catcher, :

Formicilla munda Le Conte,

Fringilla arctica Aud,

Fuligula.viola.Bell, .

eo. Sie

112,

460,

Index.

e Page

Fusus bellus Ad, . 3538, 531

Wiegmanni Phil, . 389

Geomelania conica Ad, 84.

costulosa a . 84

exilis s . 84

—— Hilliana Ad, Bens

—— pyramidata Ad, 83

striosa Ad. 84

Giraud, jun, J. P, New species of

Helinai, 5 40

Gouldia Pacifica Ad, 499, 545

parva Ad, . . 499

Great Crow Black- bird, 11éE

Guaperva, . - 76

Gyretes sinuatus ‘Le Conte, ee ea kt

Gyrinus consobrinus Le Conte,. . 209

—— limbatus, ; aboxe . 210

—— plicifer Le Conte, 209

Hauiommz, . . e - 440

Haliplus concolor Le Conte, : . 201

Harpalus advena Es . 185

cautus, . . > Se gedlisty

fraternus Le Conte, oa weeeeLeD

obesulus As a id ital gon RED

Helicina albolabris Ad., . . . . O5t

ampliata ee kan DONA

BrOUnit GIA eeu wen eles

consanguinea Ad., ae BO

consanguinea Ad, . . - . 52

— depressa Gray, Soaion gos ee

—— hirsuta Ad, rare ee 49

BITS HAUL pis tee, js 51

Hollandi “ . sou taduts 49

Jamaicensis Sowb., data meet 2

— maxima s . 49, 50

— microstoma Ad,. a Re ish

—— neritella Lam., . Ae eT Resi;

——- nobilis Ad, . .... . 49

MOVILIS-AG S| Mylo) aM oe see OU)

—palliata Ad,..... . 50

valida ae mht So rerun

Helinai brevipennis Giraud, ~ « 40

Helix amabilis Ad, . . . . «+98

angustata Fer., ° ol rerp dO

ANOMPLA Les Va wale elie MeO

arboreoides Ad., : ai} talaeOs

Bainbridgei Pfr, . . . . 95

‘Beinbrigget Eitiyy ye iss re 90

Boothiana ‘“ Rhine sige a

Buddiana 4d, . Sve cwenen AO

cara Ad, . pe ee Mery eet 83

—_ Chittyana Ad, aft Coigileis.trens. 00

consanguinea ‘Ad, Mxeitie bein Ot

—— epistylium Mudl., Senin die EE

fuscocincta Ad., . . - « « 91

— Haldemaniana Pfr,. . . . 45

—— ingens dd, . . . 2 6 » 94

Helix Jacobensis Ad.,. .

Martiniana Pfr,. . .

——munda Ad, ... »

—— Okeniana Pfr, . .

osculans Ad, . . .

peraffinis Ad, .

pulehrior ‘“

spreta Phase hoe

subconica Ad.,. . . «

Swainsoniana Ad,

tunicata Ad., :

Helluo pygmeeus Dej. tle

Helophrus obscurus Le Conte,

Helops rugulosus a5

Hemlock warbler,

Hipponyx,. . .

ee bata Sowb., 3

—— mitrulaSowb., . .

Panamensis Ad, eee

radiata Sowb,. . . »

subrufaSowb, . . -

Hister corticalis Le Conte,

palmatus Say, .. .

sextriatus Le Conte, .

venustus “ :

aster tk 5

Hololepta cacti Le Conte, ;

populnea s .

vicina ss 4

Hydnocera Newm,... .

gra ts .

—— bicolor Le Conte,

curtipennis Newm. yi

eyanescens Le Conte,

—— difiicilis MS

—— discoidea iG

— humeralis Newm., .

—limbata Spin, . .

longicollis Ziegl.,. .

pallipennis (Say),

—— pubescens Le Conte,

—— punctata Spin, .

rufipes Newm.,

scabra Le Conte, .

serrata Newm., . .

steniformis Newm.,. .

eo: Js. cer kt: ee, ater oe

. .

—— subaenea ce

subaenea Spin., P

suturalis Diep oe

tabida Le Conte, .

——tricondyle “

— unifasciata (Say), .

—— verticalis (“) FE

Hydrochus vagus Le Conte, :

yariolatus < :

Hydroporus, :

amandus Le Conte, Y

— cinctellus ss

WAre ete heute ee, ee) fea RS. Sa 8 ne? gy 016, 8 Ay

eo 6) ee 12) sete, 8) 8 esq) 8) Ue 8

560 Index.

Page

Hydroporus fortis Le Conte, . . 207 | Littorina atrata Ad,

fraternus oy noe Z08) eonspersa Phil., .

hirtellus i . . 208 | —— dubiosa Ad.,

humeralis K ADrDH excavata Ad, .

— hydropicus ai . 205 fasciata Gray,

— inequalis, . 205, foveata Ad, .

latebrosus Le Conte, . 208 megasoma,

latissimus Hs . 205 parvula Phil.,

lutescens . 208 | —— phasianella Phil.,

macularis re . 206 porcata as

medialis a . 209 pulehra Sowb.,

obseurellus =“ . 206 puncticulata Phil.,

striatellus . 207 | —— puncticulata Phil.,

subpubescens “ . . 208 varia Sowb,,

— subtilis a . 206 | Lirrorinips,

vilis 3 , 208 | Loricera foveata Le Conte;

Lottia patina (Rathke),

Ichnea laticornis (Say.), . 81 | Lucina tellinoides Reeve, .

Ichthydion murinum Hald, . . . 152 | Lutraria canaliculata Say,

Ieterus cucullatus Swain, . . 116 elegans (Sowd.),

Tybius regularis Le Conte, . 208 undulata Gould,

ventricosa Gould,

King-fisher, . 148

Macroramphus Leach, .

Laccophilus Americanus, . 205 griseus, :

decipiens Le Conte, 205 scolopaceus Say,

Lacriariz, cheats) Loin) inerorelusis : :

Lampyris pilosa For: st, 32 terminatus Klug, :

La Robe Persienne, . 380 | Mactra elegans Sowb,

Lawrence, G. N. Obacrentione: on

Limosa scolopacea, Bell, +

— Description of Mimus mela-

nopterus, . 35

— On the Caspian "Tern (ylo-

chelidon Caspius), 37

Description of new species of

Tyrannus, 4) 38

Description of new species

of Birds of the U.S 121

—— Additions to N. Am. Omi”

thology, : 117, 128

Ornithological Notes, . 220

Lebia guttula Le Conte, . 178

ruficollis ie Sy celles

Le Conte, Synopsis of the Cleridee

of the U. Se iene 9

Description of New Coleo-

ptera from California, . 125

Le Conte’s Mocking-bird, . ae At

Lesser Orchard Oriole, . «. «. . 118

Lima angulata Sowd.,, . 472

arcuata Sowb., . 4738

Pacifica Orb. . 473

Limosa seolopacea Say, .14

Lithodomus, . . 475

Litiopa saxicola Ad, 407, 539

Littorina angiostoma Ad, 894, 537

aspera “Phil, . 394

aspera Phil, . 2. « . 899

velata Phil.,

Macrriv&, .

Malea craastlabee is Val,

latilabris Es

Mangelia neglecta Ad,

a suilcosa Sowb.,

Marginella alboluaneata Orb.,

amabilis Redf., .

amygdala Wen.,

angustata Sowb.,

antiqua Redf,,

avena Val., .

Belcheri Hinds,

—— bullata (Born),

carnea Storer,

cypreola Sowb.,

chrysomelina Redf.,

— Delessertiana Reel. .

Gambiensis Redf.,

gracilis Ad.,

granum Kien,

—— guttata (Dill), .

— Hainesii Petit.,

Lavalleana Orb.,

minima Guild.,

minor Ad, . .

oblonga Swains,

ovuliformis Orb.,

Petitii Duval, .

prunum (Gmel.),

LTT |

395,

398,

396,

397,

398,

Page

537

. 396

537

aout

5387

537

. 398

419

. 407

. 399

- 400

. 396

- 400

. 384

- 180

- 465

. 500

. 518

Oda

. 518

264,

. 517

Index.

Page

Marginella pudica Gaskoin, . 22

- quinqueplicata Lama) agdeseeet

sapotilla Hinds, . . 264

varia Sowb., aaa AG

vermiculata Redf., 226, 227

vexillum Kedf., . . 224

Marinula Recluziana Cuming, . . 432

MELANDRYADA, . . . « Spailtyl

ME ors, . . 158

Microschatia ineequalis Le Conte, . 129

puncticollis, . 129

Mimus melanopterus Lawr., 35

polyglottus Linn, . . . 36

Mitra Dupontii Kien., =) =e 206

funieulata Reeve, ey eG

granulosa Lam., 267, 268

lens ( Wood), s 200

nucleola i as sean

solitaria Ad., ae 528

tristis Brod., . . 268

Mirrips, dive : . 266

Mocking-bird, 35, 121, 223

Modiola semifusca Tic ae . ATS

Monoceros brevidentatum ( Wood), 298

cingulatum ) 299

Monodonta catenulatus Menke,. . 415

Monophylla terminata Spin., Sete

MorpDeELttons, . see led

Mulinia donaciformis Hanl., a only

ventricosa Gould, . . . . 517

Mur ex aculeatus Wood, . . . . 845

ambiguus Reeve, . . « « 346

—— argus var. B Gmel., . 339

—— ceratus Wood, . 355

— dubius Sowb., . 845

— erosus Brod., ne . 845

— melanomathos Dillw., . . 846

— nigritus Phil, . B47

————= TAdIx Gmeél. «6 » « « « 346

—— radix Gmel., 238, 349

rectirostris Sowb., . 847

recurvirostris Brod., . 848

rezius Swain, . « . 848

salebrosus King, . . 849

tricolor Val., . 348

vibex Brod., . 350

vittatus ‘ ME ea OO

vitulinus Gray, . . . . . 349

Mouricip#,. . 5 . 339

Muscicapa coronata ‘Gmel, . 115

Mytodioctes aL Aud, Be ty

Mytiuipx, . . 474

Mytilus, . . Sal sate eco

Guiaensis Kiist., an sso

EN OTICO a se Vlokd ay WAM dest OOOT ORS

INSSB8,” 34s AS RE

ambigua (Mont.), ice, ce

canescens Ad, . . . 2838, 528

JULY, 1852,

561

Page

Nassa collaria Ad, 283, 529

corpulenta “ 284, 529

—— festiva Powis, . . 284

—— gemmulosa Ad., 285, 529

glauca he . . 285, 529

— luteostoma Brod, pelt . 286

—— nodifera Powis, 2 200

pagodus (Reeve), . 287

Panamensis Ad, 288, 529

proxima * F 288, 529

scabriuseula Powis, 3 . 289

striata A

versicolor ‘“

—_—

ee aeG hoo

. . 290, 529

versicolor Ad., . a e208

—— Wilsoni Ad, 291, 530

axanthostoma sag ; . 286

Naticas.. . 424

Chemnitzii Pfr . 425

CORM@IOLO eas) . 427

— Elene Reel., ewes Be . 428

Haneti “ Atte . 428

rida eras, . 425

lurida Phil., . 425

maroccana Menke, ~ 425

marochiensis (Gmel.), . 425

otis Brod., : 3 . 425

Panamaensis Reel, . 427

Salangonensis “ - 426

Souleyetiana ‘6 . 426

unifasciata Lam., . . 425

WIT SING AUILCCI:s, § alice ie . 427

Necrobia rujicollis Latr., Se 34

rufipes Oliv., . 3% . 384

violacea Oliv. . ~ 34

Nerita, . . 428

Bernhardi Reel., 429

costata Chem., 428

Deshayesii Reel, 428

multiiugis Menke, . 428

ornata Sowb., 428

scabricosta Lam, 428

Neririp4, 424

Neritina Guayaquilensis Sowb,, 430

Jamaicensis Ad., : 99

—— picta Sowb., 430

punctulata Lam. 99

tenebricosa Ad, . . .. . 99

Nosoderma diabolicum Le Conte, . 130

Notaphus, . seayias 188

Notibius Le Conte,. . 144

granulatus Le Conte, 145

puberulus, q 145

—— puncticollis gh 145

sulcatus “ 145

Notoxus eavicornis “ 152

conformis “e 152

Nucula Elenensis Sow}. . 478

exigua oe . 479

—— polita " 479

Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.

562 Index.

Page Page

Nyctoporis carinata Le Conte, . . 138 | Omophron Gilae Le Conte, . 201

Oniscia tubereulosa Reeve, . 328

Ochthebius interruptus Le Conte, . 210 | Oodes elegans Le Conte, . . . 180

lineatus . 211 | Opetiopalpus luridus Spin, : 35

puncticollis s 210 | Opilus albofasciatus Mels., 17

Ochthedromus, 186 castaneus Newm., 17

affinis (Say), 189 distrophus Mels, - PB

— Americanus, ; 186 | Orbicula Cumingii Brod,. . 527

angulifer Le Conte, : 188 | Oriole, . . A atts}

approximatus “ . 187 | Ortalida vetula Wagl, . 116

aratus 189 | OstraIpDs, . - 468

—— bifossulatus “ sue tea GG A) SORER CAS OR 7 6 . 469

connivens ae 188 borealis Liam: teats . 470

consentaneus “ 187 Columbiensis estes ye . 470

cruralis ok 189 bjolium Lin.,) )- | F. spimes EeMOe

—— dubitans oT wate ok OO I) MO RU . 258

—— ephippiger “ 188 avena Sowb,, . 258

grandicollis “ 189 | —— emarginata Sow, - . 254

indistinetus (Man), . 187 inflexa Sowb., . 255, 256

insulatus Le Conte, 186 neglecta Ad, 255, 528

—— iridescens 3 191 | —— uniplicataSowb, . 3) PDD.

laticollis fe 187 | ——vvariabilis Ad, . . 255, 528

Mannerheimii cc 190 variabilis Ad., - 256

mundus eS 190 | Ovulum emarginatum Sowb., . 254

—— planus Le Conte, . 191

postremus ip 190 | Pachylopus gaudens Le Conte, . - 165

sexpunctatus Le Conte, 186 serrulatus - 165

striola 190 suleifrons (Man), . . - 165

tesselatus « 188 | Pecilus cursorius Le Conte, . - 181

transversalis Le Conte, 190 subcordatus fs + 281

trechiformis Le Conte, . 190 | Panama Olive, . . 5 . 275

vilis “ 189 | Panama Shells, Catalogue of . 229

Odontium ecarinatum “ 186 | Pandarus brunneus Ziegl., Bee G0)

CipEMERID&, ai56 157 | Pandora cornuta Ad, . 519, 547

Olivas ee. fi. Sale suean were ||| eearatenecus|spinnals 3) eae ESD:

angulata Lam., ie, ae 272 | Paromalus consors Le Conte, . 164

araneosa ‘“ bo ol oe BS Gilensis ss . 164

araneosa Lam., . . . 274, 280 opuntiz be 164

cerulea (Wood), . . . 281 | Partula awriculata Brod, . . 4)

inconspicua Ad, 274, 528 diminuta Ad, . . 41

ispidula (Born), . 280 Otaheitana (Brug. ) 5 41

obesina Ducel., 273 | Patella, ; ! 465

Panamensis Montf., 276 crepidula Linn, 454

pellucida Reeve, . -275 | PareLuips, . . ; 465

pindarina Duel. . 273 | Pecten aspersus Sowb., opie 472

porphyracea Perry, . 276 | ——JncaOrb, . . « 471

porphyria (Linn.), : | 275 | —— Tumbezensis Orb, > 472

reticularis Reeve, 278, O74, 280 | —— tumidus Sowb., 471

semistriata Gray, . . . . 277 ventricosus Sowb, . 471

splendidula Sowb, . . . . 280 | Prcrenipa, : oe,

tenebrosa (Wood), | 279 | Pectunculus assimilis Sowb,, . - . 480

—testacea Lam, ... . 278 ineequalis Sowb, . 480

—TimoriaDuel, .. . 208 maculatus Brod, . 481

undatella Zam, . . 279 | Pedilus punctulatus Le Conte,. . 151

venulata “ . . . 280 | Pedipes angulata Ad, 431, 542

venulata Lam, Duel, 273, 280 | Pelecyphorus angulatus Le Conte, 127

volutella Lam, . .. . . 281 carinatus as . 128

Olive, . SE fj) confluens Se. 128

Omophron dentatum Le Conte, . 200 | —— hirsutus ee tee

Index.

Page

Peleeyphorus hispidulus Le Conte, 197

marginatus 128

— murieatulus <s 129

—— obsoletus £ 128

parallelus s 128

Pelonium,. .. BS .afpe ree!

marginipenne S Spin., Ft agin +3

Penitella xylophaga Val, . . . 526

Pericompsus Le Conte, . . . . 191

letulus “ i ueekent oan

sellatus “ abot ge ola

(Perna) <% is cae ae

Perylypus carbonarius Spin, oft Kase galt

Peryphus planus Hald., Se de, UN

Petrel, 2 . tue a Ale

Petricola cognata ‘Ad, . . 510, 546

pholadiformis Lam., aes Megas lil

PerricoLws, . eo) CIC

Phaleria rotundata Fe Conte ae LAS

Philomachus pugnax Linn, . . . 220

Philotecnus Scha 2"). see. LTO

nigricollis Le Conte,. . . . 176

rufieollis « Broun co llee:

PHOLADIDA, Bin Wk eee

Pholas crueifera Sowb.,. Hy Ga oe OUD

crucigera Wowb, 2 = . . = O25

tubifera 8 cesta) ee eG

xylophaga Val, . . . . . 626

Phos crassus Hinds, . .« 291

Phyllobeenus discolatus (Say), « Ge Cl

transversalis Spin. . . . 380

Physa Jamaicensis dd, . . . . 98

Picolaptes brunneicapillus La

Fresn., . . eee ey 4:

Pileopsis pilosa Desh., av eiige teen Se

subrufa Lam.,. . pee ey 2A

Pimelia alternata Kirby, 7 6) dS

RUTTEN, 5 Sh Gy Gell

Pine Finch, . . ipicbathe joe

Pinna maura Sowb., Smarr ay yee

tubereulosa Sowb., yids 5 eels:

Pipilo arcticus Swain, . .. . 6

erythrophthalmus, . . . . 6

Oreponus Belly iy omelet

Pisidium compressum Prime, . . 219

dubium,. . . Seca

Planaxis canaliculata Duval, 522

planicostata Sowb., . . . . 282

Planorbis dentiferus Ad, a ELS

chumilis 5 AT

Platydema angustum Le Conte, . 149

Platynus variolatus se 7S

Platysoma venustum Dej, . . . 164

Plectrophanes McCownii Lawr., . 122

Plenrotoma, <= “skews eee od

albella! Adin yo) Eee ear

ation Ad”. on ae ee seo BoS

—— bicanalifera Sowb, . . . . 863

Pleurotoma Botte Kien., .

cincta Sowb.,. .

eollaris Sowb.,

— concinna Ad,

—— cornuta Sowb.,

corrugata Sowb.,

discors §

discors Sowb., .

duplicata Sowb., .

excentrica “

exigua Ad,

gemmulosa “

—— grandimaculata, .

inerassata Sowb., .

Melchersi Menke,

nigerrima Sowb.,

obeliscus Reeve, .

olivaeea Sowb.,

pallida

rigida Hinds, .

rudis Sowb.,

rustica “

Sowerbyi Reeve, .

—— striosa Ad.,

—— thiarella Kien.,

triticea ee 5

turricula Sowb., .

zonulata Sowbd.,

Pollia distorta Gray, =

haemastoma, “

Pomatorhinus turdinas Temm.,

vetula Wag,

Potamomya equalis Ad, 1

inflata

trigonalis -

563

Page

- 368

- 812

. 863

364, 532

. 869

- 364

. 865

. 863

. 3865

ie, O06

366, 532

367, 532

367, 5382

. 368

. 363

- + 368

- . 369

. 869

. 870

shen LO)

. 371

. 865

371, 533

. 871

. 364

. 864

. 3872

. 292

. 296

. 223

ap MOM eAS:

519, 547

520, 548

Prime, T., Deserip. of New Fresh-

water Shells,

Priocera Kirby, .

albomacula Zieg.,

eastanea,(Vewm. )

maculata Ziegl.,

rufescens Spin.,

Pies :

Procellaria meridionalis Laior.,

Proserpina nitida, .

PSELAPHIDA, .

Pterocoma,

Pterocyanea ceeruleata Licht,

Pterostichus, .

adoxrus Say,

— illustris ce

Isabellae a

lustrans “

mutus,

simplex Le Conte,

Purpura an aaiapiins Duel,

bufo, ..

callosa Sowb, F

contractus Le Conte,

. 218

oe he

. 141

. 220

- 98

. 214

- . 141

. 220

. 1st

. 182

7 else

. 182

. 181

- 3803

. 804

. 803

564

Purpura Carolensis Reeve,

cornigera Blainy.,

crassa tek Yate

foveolata Ad,

galea,

—— kiosquiformis Duel.,

maculata Gray,

melo Desh.,

—— melones Ducl.,

— ocellata Kien.,

osculans Ad., 3

sanguinolenta Ducl.,

tecta ( eas ee

undata Lam.,

Purrurip#, ,

Pyramidella conica Ade

Pyrocephalus rubineus Bodd,

Pyrula ficoides Lam, .

melongenda (Lin),

patula Brod.,

patula Brod.

ventricosa Sowb.,

vespertilio (Gmel.), .

Quisealus macrourus Swain.,

“cc

major

Ranella celata Brod.,

granifera Lam, . .

nana Srod.,

nitida ‘ :

—— plicata Reeve, .

semigranosa Kien.,

Red-breasted Snipe,

Redfield, J. H., Description of New

Species of Marginella, &e,

Rhadalus Le Conte,

testaceus ‘

Ricinula earbonaria Reeve,

jugosa Ad,

Reeviana “

Rissoa ambigua Gould,

clandestina Ad,

— firmata cf

—— fortis ce

ineonspiecua ‘

infrequens “

Janus ae

notabilis oe

sealariformis “

Rissoina Inca Orb., .

Ruff, .

Rufous- winged Lark- --bunting,

Saprinus alienus Le Conte,

alienus Le Conte,

—— bigemmeus Le Conte, .

Californicus Man.,

Index.

Page

- . 300

ng Ae)

FeO

300, 530

. 303

etna Menke n non Lam, 805

. 801

. 298

. 802

. . 298

308, 530

. 296

. 808

. 804

. 269

424, 542

115

. . 287

238, 352

eSB

. 233

. 852

. 237

- 115

SM)

. 842

= 2B

. 848

. 344

. 844

. 842

224

. 212

. B25

325, 531

. 326

. . 402

A401, 537

401, 537

402, 538

403, 538

403, 588

404, 538

. 402

. 220

. 122

. 167

. 216

- 169

Saprinus ciliatus Le Conte, 168

ccerulestens “ 169

—— dimidiatipennis Le Conte, 165

— diseoidalis Le Conte, 167

discoidalis Le Conte, 216

—— fimbriatus Le Conte, 169

—— insertus s . 167

interceptus “ 166

interceptus Le Conte, 216

interstitialis Le Conte, . 166

laridus us 168

—— lubricus cs 169

lucidulus ss 170

——lugens #7. . 167

oo obductus Le Gane 168

obseurus Ms 166

— Oregonensis “ 167

—— peminosus “ 166

[HEMORES so e Ree atye i)

pectoralis Le Conte, 166

plenus s 169

scissus ‘s 168

sulcifrons Man, . . 165

vestitus Le Conte, 168

vinetus fs wate 168

vitiosus cs : 169

Saxicava tenuis Sowd., 511

Sealaria hexagona “ 421

obtusa cf » « 422

Searites Californicus Le Conte, . 198

subterraneus, 198

Schizogenius Putzeys, . 197

crenulatus Le Conte, 97

depressus < 197

—— pluripunctatus “ 197

simplex w 197

Seolopax grisea Gmel., 4

longirostris Bell, . it ae

Noveboracensis Gmel., Aline

ScoMBEROID#, : 68

ScoMBEROIDS, . 76

Selene argentea Lacep., bs 70

argentée Lacep, .

. 68, 69, 70

quadrangulaire ep bie)

Serpula glomerata Lam., . 440

Short-winged Swamp Warbler, 40

Siphonaria ch: aracteristica Reeve, . 468

costata Sowd., . 463

—— gigas a - 463

maura se . 464

pica . 464

Snipe, «| eve

Solarium, . . 414

granulatum Lam, 237, 414

quadriceps Hinds, . . 414

Solecurtus affinis Ad., 524, 548

Solen rudis as . . 624, 548

SoLENIDA, . cee O24

Spermophila albigularis (Spiz), . 124

Index.

Page

Spiraxis aberrans ISS SED?

brevis Ad, 92

Spondylus Lamarekii Chen, . 471

STAPHYLINIDA, e UND

Staphylinus, . 216

Stenochia gracilis re Conters = 150

Stenomor “phat, : 127

Sterna Cayana Lath, . . 37

Forsteri Wuth, . ~ . + 922

Forsteri Nutt.,

— hirundo Linn.,

229, 223

regia Gamb., 37

Stoastoma Agassizianum Ad, 82

Anthonianum gi ahs 67

Gouldianum Ad, . + 65

Hollandianum Ad., 65

Morieandianum “ ae 66

Petitianam Ad, .. . 67

— Philippianum “ + - . 82

— Redjieldianum Ad., 67

succineum (Sowb.), - 64

— Tappanianum Ad, . 65

Vilkinsonie “ . be 64

Stomatella inflata “ . . 440, 543

Strobilophaga enucleator (Linn.), 222

SrROMBIDA, . 5 328

Strombus galea Weod, 335

galeatus Gray, 835

— gigas Lin., 233

—— gracilior Sowb, 336

granulatus Swains., . 337

Peruvianus, ‘“ . 338

Stylifer ; c . 422

Sylochelidon Caspins, z ame Y|

Sylvia autumnalis Wils, . 223

parus Wils., . 223

Sylvicola coronata (Gmel. i. 217

—=——— Kiptland bard, << 217

parus Wils., 217

striata Forster, 223

Syphopatella rae Ad., 443

conica Brod., - 444

regularis Ad, oeecbeah 448

Tachys Kn., 192

anthrax Le Conte. 192

—— audax, i: 193

—— corax oe 194

— edax <s 194

— ephippiatus (Say), 191

—— inornatus, 6 194

—— marginellus Le Conte, : 193

—— mordax “6 : 193

obesulus & 5 192

rapax s 192

virgo « 194

yittiger - 193

vorax x 194

Tanarthrus “ 156

565

Page

Tanarthrus salinus Le Conte, . 156

Tarsostenus albofasciatus (Mels.), . 17

Tegrodera Le Conte, . 159

erosa $ - 159

TELLENIDZ, . . 500

Tellina, . . 503

-—— aurora Hants 7908

bimaculata Lin., 5 5 NO)

—— cognata Ad, 508, 545

— Columbiensis Hanks . 504

— concinna Ad, 504, 546

-—— erystallina Chem., . 505

— Cumningii Hanl., - 505

Dombei st . 506

elongata Hanl., - 510

felix Hanl., . 506

laceridens “ Alurs . 506

—— prora ee Es eee SOK

—— puella Ad, . 507, 546

—— puella Ad., ~ Bik)

—— punicea Gmel, 509

—— rubescens Hants. . 507

—siliqua Ad, . . . . 508, 546

—— similis Sowb,, . 504

—— simulans Ad., 508, 546

—— sincera Tank . 509

vicina Ad, . . 509, 546

Tenebrio estriatus Le Conte, . 149

TENEBRIONIDE, . 127

Terebra, ee 269

elata Hinds, 269

l rveeformis 6 269

robusta - 270

specillata sf 270

— tuberculosa bi 271

varicosa “ Seetill

Tern, : 87, 41

Thalassidroma fr egatta Sol., sacl lyf

leucogaster Gould, 117

Wilsonit : 118

Thalpius pygmeus Dej, Bee 174

Thanasimus abdominalis Kirby, 25

monilis Mels, . . 23

ruficeps Spin., 25

Thinopinus Le Conte, . 215

pictus ty . 216

Tiara foraminata Swain., 266

Thillus bicolor Say, . .- 5 «= « 16

collaris Spin, . . 12

damicornis Fab., . 33

inornatus Klug. . ny ance 9:

—— pectinicornis Klug, . . . 12

terminatus Klug., ang ; 14

undulatus Say, . ae 15

Tornatina infrequens Ad., | 438

ToRNATELLIDA, . . 424

Toxostoma curvir ostris (Swain), . 223

-—— Le Contei LZaur.,, - . 121

Trachyderma, . . « 141

566

Trichodes Herbst.,

apivorus Germ.,

eribripennis Dej.,

interruptus Thomp.,

Nuttalli Aird.,

— WNuttalli Say, .

ornatus Say, . . .

trifasciatus Sturm, .

verticalis Say,

Trimytis pruinosa Le Conte, .

Triorophus Le Conte, .

levis

—— punctatus “

rugiceps “

Triphoris alternatus Ad,

inconspicuus ss

infrequens

Triton Chemnitzii Gray, .

constrictus Brod.

decussatum Val...

fusoides Ad, . . .

“ec

340, 531

Index.

Page

Aig cali

382,

3838,

383, 534

——gibbosus Brod, . . . 340

—lignarius “ gs 341

nodosum Menke, . 339

pagodus Reeve, 287

perforatus (Cony nas 339

vestitus Hinds, 842

Trivia pustulata Gray, . . 260

radians “ 261

sanguinea “ 262

Trochatella Josephine Ad, 52

multicarinata fs . 83

— pulchella Gray, 62, 83

—— pulehra Ad., By esate . 52

Tankervillié Grits aS | 52

TRocHIpz, . . bade 405

Trochus angulatus Ad, . 415

Buschii Phil., ty Rote 419

catenulatus Phil, Sas 414

coronulatus Ad, 415, 541

inermis Kien. A cl)

TeanusAd, . .. . - 4llp; 541

— lima PR ae ee fe etl)

lividus 7 . 416

Panamensis ‘ 5 AT

—— pellis- soot Wood, ; . 417

pica (Lin.), . eee . 233

reticulatus Wood, alae!

strigilatus Phil. . . . 417

Truncatella, ee oe . 436

Bairdiana Ad, . . 487, 543

——dubiosa “ .. 437, 548

—— fusca Phil, . . . . 438

littorea Del Chi,. . . . 438

modesta Ad, .. . . 48

scalariformis Reeve, . 437

Turbinella acuminata “ . 855

exestus Brod., aw. 8b4

callosum Less., . « 304

Turbinella castanea Gray,

cerata ( Wood),

cingulata Less.,

—— muricata (Wood),

rudis Reeve, .

—— spadicea “

tectum Reeve,

Turbo; .

Euschii (Phil. ie

celatus (Chemn. .

phasianella Ad., .

pulcher Swains., .

rutilus Ad.,

saxosus Wood,

Turdus nevius Gmel., . .

Turritella Banksii Reeve, .

Tychus longipalpis Le Conte,

puberulus Le Conte, .

tenellus t .

Tyrannula cinerascens Lauwr.,

Tyrannus Cassinii %

verticalis Say, .

Uloma marginata Le Conte, .

Valvata inconspicua Ad, .

VENERIDA, . :

Venus amathusia Phil. te

diseors Sowb.,

—— discors Sowb.,. shia

— gnidia Brod, . . .

multicostata Sowd., .

pectunculoides Val.

subrugosa Sowb.,

Thouarsi Val.,

VERMETIDA,

Vermetus centiquadrus Val.,

glomeratus Lam, .

glomeratus Lam.,

Panamensis Rouss., ..

Violet Duck, .

Vitrinella concinna Ad,

exigua

Saiits as

—— minuta ¢

modesta Ke

Panamensis as

Panamensis Ad.,

parva Ad

perparva “ ,

regularis “

seminuda “

tricarinata “

valvatoides “

Voluta incrassata Dill,

lens Wood,

oliva Gmel, ee

Voluta porphyria Linn, . .

Volaria 35 us

Page

. 355

. 855

« 299

. 855

. 356

. . 356

. 804

. 418

. 419

=) ee

419, 541

- >. 399

420, 541

. 420

. 221

. 384

. 214

. 121

“eo

qe 3

. 149

< 4t

. 493

. 238

. 493

. 494

. 440

. 219

408, 539

409, 589

410, 540

. 411

411, 540

412, 540

413, 540

413, 541

. 272

. 266

. 272

. 215

. 227

Vomer Brownit, .

Warbler,

White and Green Kingfisher, :

White-bellied Stormy Petrel,

Xanthornus affinis Lawr.,

—— spurius Linn.,

Index.

Page

40, 112

> ual

. 113

- 114

Zeus capillaris Mitch.,

quadratus Linn.,

rostratus Mitch.,

Zopherus concolor Le Conte

pectoralis

tristis sf

Zophosis reticulata Say,

Page

. 180

. 130

. 182

567

ERR AMA.

40, 15th line from the bottom, for GIRAND read GIRAUD.

55, 13th “ ‘ top, dele Cyclostoma modestum Ad., Cont. Conch.

80, llth ‘“ Us We for (p. 9) read (C. C. p. 0.)

SI, 12th)“ &¢ bottom, )\! 146i! 64.

135, 14th) * ae £5 Quisealis read Quiscalis.

Q1O lithe) <s s «dele the comma after VIOLET.

244, llth ‘* oe top, (for Veritina ‘ Neritina.

247, llth “ ae bottom, ‘“ (!) ‘« same mark,

265, at foot of the page, £6 11825 < -1852;

Qodgeeuds snes ne bottom, ‘ whorl (in the middle of the line) read suture.

289, 6th, “ se a 51 read 54.

ali oth,) ‘¢ ee OG OS) COP Ese

o19) doth, ) <o) 76 ‘¢ insert 1844.

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419, 2nd, “ bottom, dele It may be a Trochus.

cehy (yaa Ca Ce ae before more insert is.

ZU fellie, C 3 tt “ for imca read ventricosus.-

484, 14th, * as “ for fimbriated read clathrate.

502, 3rd, “ 33 es “ cardinatus ‘ carinatus.

GRIBe fait GS Cs st at the end of the line substitute a semicolon for

the comma.

514, Ist, “ top, for beak read beaks.

DLO ithe ean ee “ at the end of the line substitute a semicolon for

the comma.

523, llth “ ‘ bottom, dele Nov. sp.

“« 6

530, 13th,

«for CoLUMELLA read COLUMBELLA.