[Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., Vol. XII, No. 1, pp. 1 to 40, April 21, 1299. |

CHARTER, ORDER OF COURT, CONSTITUTION AND

BY-LAWS.

CHARTER.

AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

Passed April 20, 1818.

WueEreas, The members of the Lyceum of Natural History

have petitioned for an act of incorporation, and the Legislature,

impressed with the importance of the study of Natural History,

as connected with the wants, the comforts, and the happiness of

mankind, and conceiving it their duty to encourage all laudable

attempts to promote the progress of science in this State—there-

fore,

Le it enacted by the People of the State of New York repre-

sented in Senate and Assembly, That Samuel L. Mitchill, Casper

W. Eddy, Frederick C. Schaeffer, Nathaniel Paulding, William

Cooper, Benjamin P. Kissam, John Torrey, William Cumber-

land, D’Jurco V. Knevels, James Clements and James Pierce,

and such other persons as now are, and may from time to time

become members, shall be, and hereby are, constituted a body

corporate and politic, by the name of Lyceum oF NATURAL

History IN THE City oF New York, and that by that name

they shall have perpetual succession, and shall be persons

capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded,

answering and being answered unto, defending and being de-

fended, in all courts and places whatsoever; and may have a

common seal, with power to alter the same from time to time ;

and shall be capable of purchasing, taking, holding and enjoy-

ing, to them and their successors, any real estate in fee simple

or otherwise, and any goods, chattels and personal estate, and

(1)

ANNALS N, Y. AcaD. Scr., XII, April 21, 1899—1

2 CHARTER.

of selling, leasing, or otherwise disposing of said real or personal

estate, or any part thereof, at their will and pleasure: Provided

always, that the clear annual value or income of such real or

personal estate shall not exceed the sum of five thousand dol-

lars: Provided, however, that the funds of the said corporation

shall be used and appropriated to the promotion of the objects

stated in the preamble to this act, and those only.

2. And be it further enacted, That the said Society shall, from

time to time, forever hereafter, have power to make, constitute,

ordain, and establish such by-laws and regulations as they shal]

judge proper, for the election of their officers; for prescribing

their respective functions, and the mode of discharging the same;

for the admission of new members ; for the government of the

officers and members thereof ; for collecting annual contributions

from the members towards the funds thereof; for regulating the

times and places of meeting of the said Society ; for suspending

or expelling such members as shall neglect or refuse to comply

with the by-laws or regulations, and for the managing or direct-

ing the affairs and concerns of the said Society : Frovided such -

by-laws and regulations be not repugnant to the Constitution

and laws of this State or of the United States.

3. And be it further enacted, That the officers of the said Sa

ciety shall consist of a President and two Vice-Presidents, a

Corresponding Secretary, a Recording Secretary, a Treasurer,

and five Curators, and such other officers as the Society may

judge necessary ; who shall be annually chosen, and who shall

continue in office for one year, or until others be elected in their

stead ; that if the annual election shall not be held at any of the

days for that purpose appointed, it shall be lawful to make such

election at any other day; and that five members of the said

Society, assembling at the place and time designated for that

purpose by any by-law or regulation of the Society, shall con-

stitute a legal meeting thereof.

4. dud be it further enacted, .That Samuel L. Mitchill shall be

the President ; Casper W. Eddy the First V ice-President ; Fred-

erick C. Schaeffer the Second Vice-President ; Nathaniel Pauld-

ing, Corresponding Secretary; William Cooper, Recording

ORDER OF THE COURT. 3

Secretary ; Benjamin P. Kissam, Treasurer, and John Torrey,

William Cumberland, D’Jurco V. Knevels, James Clements and

James Pierce, Curators ; severally to be the first officers of the

said corporation, who shall hold their respective offices until the

twenty-third day of February next, and until others shall be

chosen in their places.

5. And be wt further enacted, That the present Constitution of

the said Association shall, after passing of this Act, continue to

be the Constitution thereof ; and that no alteration shall be made

therein, unless by a vote to that effect of three-fourths of the

resident members, and upon the request in writing of one-third

of such resident members, and submitted at least one month

before any vote shall be taken thereupon.

State of New York, Secretary's Office.

I certiry the preceding to be a true copy of an original Act

of the Legislature of this State, on file in this Office.

ARCH’D CAMPBELL,

Dep. See’y.

AxBany, April 29, 1818.

ORDER OF COURT.

ORDER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

TO CHANGE THE NAME OF

THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE

CITY OF NEW YORK

THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

WHERAS, in pursuance of the vote and proceedings of this

Corporation to change the corporate name thereof from “ The

Lyceum of Natural History in the City of New York” to “The

New York Academy of Sciences,’’ which vote and proceedings

appear of record, an application has been made in behalf of said

4 ORDER OF THE COURT.

Corporation to the Supreme Court of the State of New York to

legalize and authorize such change, according to the statute in

such case provided, by Chittenden & Hubbard, acting as the

attorneys of the Corporation, and the said Supreme Court, on

the 5th day of January, 1876, made the following order upon

such application in the premises, viz :

Ata special term of the Supreme

Court of the State of New

York, held at the Chambers

thereof, in the County Court

House, in the City of New

York, the 5th day of January,

1876:

Present—Hon. Gero. C. BARRETT, /ustice.

itn the matter of the applica-

tion of the Lyceum of Nat-

ural History in the City of

New York to authorize it to

assume the corporate name

of the New York Academy

of Sciences,

On reading and filing the petition of the Lyceum of Natural

History in the City of New York, duly verified by John S. New-

berry, the President and chief officer of said Corporation to

authorize it to assume the corporate name of The New York

Academy of Sciences, duly setting forth the grounds of said

application, and on reading and filing the affidavit of Geo. W.

Quackenbush, showing that notice of such application had been

duly published for six weeks in the State paper, to wit. Zhe A/-

bany Evening Journal, and the affidavit of David S. Owen, show-

ing that notice of such application had also been duly published

in the proper newspaper of the County of New York, in which

county said Corporation has its business office, to wit, in the

Daily Register, by which it appears to my satisfaction that such

notice has been so published, and on reading and filing the

ORDER OF THE COURT. 5

affidavits of Robert H. Brownne and J. S. Newberry, thereunto

annexed, by which it appears to my satisfaction that the appli-

cation is made in pursuance of a resolution of the managers of

said Corporation to that end named, and there appearing to me

to be no reasonable objection to said Corporation so changing

its name as prayed in said petition: Now on motion of Gros-

venor S. Hubbard, of Counsel for Petitioner, it is

Ordered, That the Lyceum of Natural History in the City of

New York be and is hereby authorized to assume the corporate

name of The New York Academy of Sciences.

Indorsed: Filed January 5, 1876.

A copy. WM. WALSH, Clerk.

Resolution of THE ACADEMY, accepting the order of the Court,

passed February 21, 1876.

And whereas, The order hath been published as therein re-

quired, and all the proceedings necessary to carry out the same

have been had, Therefore :

_ Resolved, That the foregoing order be and the same is hereby

accepted and adopted by this Corporation, and that in con-

formity therewith the corporate name thereof, from and after the

adoption of the vote and resolution hereinabove referred to, be

and the same is hereby declared to be

EEN, MORK NG ADE MY Ol SCHENCES.<

6 CONSTITUTION.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE I.

This Society shall be styled The New York Academy of

Sciences.

ANRDICEE ep

It shall consist of four classes of members, namely : resident

members, corresponding members, honorary members, and fel-

lows. Resident members shall be such as live in or near the

City of New York ; corresponding members, such as reside at a

distance from said city ; and honorary members, such as may be

judged worthy, from their attainments in science, to be admitted

into the Academy. The number of honorary members shall

not exceed fifty. Fellows shall be chosen from among the resi-

dent members, in virtue of scientific attainments or services.

ARTICLE III.

All fellows and members shall be elected by ballot. The

names of candidates shall be proposed in writing, at least two

meetings previous to being balloted for. The affirmative votes

of three-fourths of the fellows and members present shall be

necessary to elect a candidate ; honorary or corresponding mem-

bers, however, may be elected without previous notice, provided

that the ballot on such election is unanimous.

ARTICLE lV.

None but fellows or resident members shall be entitled to

vote in the Academy.

ARTICLE V.

No fellow or member who shall be in arrears for one year

shall be entitled to vote or be eligible to any office in the

Academy. ;

ARTICLE VI.

The officers of the Academy shall consist of a president, a

first and second vice-president, a corresponding secretary, a re-

CONSTITUTION. 7

cording secretary, a treasurer, five curators, and a librarian, who

shall be chosen annually on the fourth Monday in February,!

The president, vice-presidents and secretaries shall be fellows,

There shall also be elected, at the same time, a finance com-

mittee of three.

ARTICLE VWiII:

There shall be elected at the annual meeting six members, at

least three of whom shall be fellows, who, together with the

president, the vice-president, the two secretaries, and the treas-

urer, shall constitute a Council, by whom all business, to be

brought before the Academy, shall ordinarily be prepared.

Vacancies occurring in the offices or in the Council of the

Academy in the interval between the annual elections, may be

filled for the unexpired term by special election at any regular

business meeting, provided notice of such election shall have

been given at a previous regular business meeting.

AR@TIGEE. Vill:

The election of officers and of the Council shall be by ballot,

and the candidates having the greatest number of votes shall be

declared duly elected.

ARTICLE IX.

Five members at an ordinary meeting shall form a quorum,

and ten ata special or business meeting, a majority of whom,

in either case, shall be fellows.

ARTICLE X.

By-laws for the further regulation of the Society may from

time to time be made.

ARTICLE XI.

7 No alteration shall be made in this Constitution, unless by

a vote to that effect of three-fourths of the fellows and three-

fourths of the resident members entitled to vote under Article V.

1See eighth line of Section 3 of the Charter.

1This clause must be taken in connection with Section 5 of the Charter, which

requires a previous request in writing of one-third of all the resident members

(which must be considered in this case as including fellows, as that class of mem-

bers was not in existence at the time the Charter was granted), submitted one

month previous to any vote being taken.

BY-LAWS.

BY-LAWS AMENDED TO DECEMBER 5, 1898.

CHAPTER I.

Officers.

1. President. It shall be the duty of the President, or, in his

absence, one of the Vice-Presidents, to preside at the business

and special meetings of the Academy; he shall exercise the

customary powers of a presiding officer.

_ 2. Corresponding Secretary. The Corresponding Secretary

shall keep a corrected list of the Honorary and Corresponding

members, their titles and addresses, and shall conduct all cor-

respondence with them. He shall make a report to the Acad-

emy at the Annual Meeting.

3. Recording Secretary. The Recording Secretary shall keep

the minutes of the Academy proceedings; he shall have charge

of all documents belonging to the Academy ; shall keep a cor-

rected list of Resident Members and Fellows; shall send to

Resident Members and Fellows announcements of the meetings

of the Academy ; shall notify all Members and Fellows of their

election and committees of their appointment ; shall give notice

to the Treasurer and to the Council of matters requiring their

action, and shall bring before the Academy business presented

by the Council ; he shall make a report to the Academy at the

Annual Meeting.

4. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have charge of all moneys

belonging to the Academy, under the direction of the Council,

and of their investment. He shall receive all fees, dues and

contributions to the Academy, and any income that may accrue

from property and investments; shall report at the Council

meeting in January the names of members in arrears ; shall keep

the property of the Academy insured, and shall pay all debts

against the Academy, the discharge of which shall be ordered

by the Council. He shall report to the Council from time to

time the state of the finances, and at the Annual Meeting shall

report to the Academy the receipts and expenditures of the en-

tire year.

BY-LAWS. 8)

- §, Librarian. The Librarian shall have charge of the library,

under the general authority of the Library Committee of the

Council, and shall conduct all correspondence respecting ex-

changes of the Academy. He shall make a report on the con-

dition of the library at the Annual Meeting.

6. Other Officers. The other officers of the Academy shall

perform such duties as may be assigned to them by the Council.

CHAPTER II.

Council.

1. The Council shall meet once a month and shall have

general charge of the affairs of the Academy. Past Presidents

of the Academy, resident in New York, shall be advisory mem-

bers of the Council, with the right to be present at the meetings

and to serve on committees, but without vote; they shall be

notified of all meetings.

2. Quorum. Five members of the Council shall constitute a

quorum.

3. Officers. The President, Vice-Presidents and Recording

Secretary of the Academy shall hold the same offices in the

Council.

4. Committees. The Council shall organize within itself a

Committee on Publications and a Committee on the Library ;

the action of these committees shall be subject to revision by

the Council.

CHaPTER III.

Finance Committee.

1. The Finance Committee shall have the duties and powers

of a committee on ways and means ; it shall audit the annual

report of the Treasurer, and shall report on financial questions

whenever called upon to do so by the Council.

CHAPTER IV.

Elections.

1. Resident Members. Resident members shall be elected as

follows: Candidates may be nominated publicly in writing at

any meeting, and such nominations shall be referred to the

10 BY-LAWS.

Council ; if approved by the Council candidates may be elected

at any succeeding business meeting, (See Art. III. of Consti-

tution.)

2. Fellows. Fellows shall be elected as follows: Candidates

may be nominated by the Council in writing at the business

meeting in January or February, and shall then be balloted for

at the subsequent Annual Meeting.

3. Honorary and Corresponding Members. Honorary and

Corresponding Members may be nominated by the Council in

writing at the business meeting in January or February, and

elected at the subsequent Annual Meeting. Only persons emi-

nent in some branch of science shall be eligible to corresponding

membership.

4. Officers and Councillors, Officers and Councillors shall be

elected at the Annual Meeting as follows: Nominations may

be sent in writing to the Recording Secretary, with the name of

the proposers, at any time not less than thirty days before the

Annual Meeting, and the Council shall then prepare a list which

shall be the regular ticket; this list shall be mailed to every

Resident Member and Fellow at least two weeks before the

Annual Meeting, but any Resident Member or Fellow shall be

at liberty to prepare and vote another ticket. The election of

Officers and Councillors shall be by ballot.

CHAPTER V.

Fees and Dues.

1. fees and Dues. Every Resident Member shall pay an

initiation fee of $5.00 within three months after his election, or

such election shall be void. Annual dues of Resident Members

and Fellows shall be $10.00, payable in advance at the time of

the Annual Meeting ; but new members elected after November

Ist shall pay $5.00 for the remainder of the fiscal year.

2. Members in Arrears. If any Resident Member or Fellow,

in arrears for his annual dues for over one year, shall neglect or

refuse to pay the same within three months after notification by

the Treasurer, his name may be erased from the rolls by a two-

thirds vote of the Council.

BY-LAWS, 11

3. Renewal of Membership. Any Resident Member or Fel-

low who shall resign because of removal to a distance from the

City of New York may by a vote of the Council be restored to

membership or fellowship at any time upon application, and

without payment of an initiation fee.

CHAPTER VI.

Original Subscribers, Patrons and Life Members.

1. Original Subscribers. Every person holding a receipt for

the sum of $100 (whether as original owner, transferee or lega-

tee), paid toward the liquidation of the debt incurred in the

erection of the building formerly the property of the New York

Lyceum of Natural History, shall be deemed an Original Sub-

scriber. Original Subscribers and their families shall be ad-

mitted to all lectures before the Academy, and shall be entitled

to use the library.

2. Patrons. Any person contributing at one time $1,000°

to the general funds of the Academy shall be a Patron, and

shall during life be entitled to the same privileges as an Original

Subscriber, and in addition to one copy of all subsequent publi-

cations of the Academy.

3. Life Members. Any Resident Member contributing at one

time $100 towards the general fund of the Academy shall be a -

Life Member, and shall thereafter be exempt from annual dues.

Any person becoming a Life Member immediately upon elec-

tion as a Resident Member shall be exempt from an initiation

fee,

CHaPter VII.

Sections.

1. Sections. Sections devoted to special branches of science

may be established or discontinued by the Academy on the rec-

ommendation of the Council.

2. Organization, Each section shall be organized with a

chairman and a secretary who shall have charge of the meetings

of their section.

1 Patron’s Fee was raised from $250 to $1,000 in 1898.

Wy BY-LAWS.

CHAPTER VIII.

Meetings.

. Business Meetings. Business meetings of the Academy

shall be held on the first Monday evening of each month from

October to May inclusive.

2. Sectional Meetings. Sectional meetings shall be held on

Monday evenings from October to May, inclusive, and at such

other times as the Council may determine. The sectional meet-

ing shall follow the business meeting when both occur on the

same evening.

3. Annual Meetings. The meeting held on the fourth Mon-

day in February shall be the Annual Meeting.

4. Special Meetings. A special meeting may be called by the

Council, provided one week’s notice be sent to each Resident

Member and Fellow, stating the object of such meeting.

CHAPTER IX.

Order of Business.

1. Business Meetings. The following shall be the order of

procedure at business meetings :

1. Minutes of the previous business meeting.

Report of the Council.

Report of committees.

Elections.

Nominations for membership.

. Other business.

2: Suen! Meetings. The following shall be the order of

procedure at sectional meetings.

1. Minutes of the preceding meeting of the section.

2. Nominations for membership.

3. Presentation and discussion of papers.

4. Other scientific business.

3. Annual Meetings. The following shall be the order of

procedure at Annual Meetings:

1. Minutes of the preceding Annual Meeting.

2. Annual reports of the Corresponding Secretary, Re-

cording Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian and other officers.

ARR YN

BY-LAWS. 13

3. Election of Honorary and Corresponding Members and

Fellows.

4. Election of officers for the ensuing year.

5. Annual address of the retiring President.

CHAPTER X.

Publications.

1. Annals and Memoirs. The established publications of the

Academy shall consist of the Annals and Memoirs. ‘They shall

be issued by an Editor appointed by the Council, and shall be

under the supervision of the Committee on Publications. One

copy of all publications shall be furnished free to each Resident

Member and Fellow, and one copy of each volume of Annals

to all Honorary and to all Corresponding Members who may

signify their desire to receive them.

2. Publication Fund. Contributions may be received for the

publication fund, and the income thereof shall be applied to-

ward defraying the expenses of the scientific publications of the

Academy.

CHAPTER XI.

General Provisions.

1. Debts. No debt shall be incurred on behalf of the Academy

unless authorized by the Council.

2. bills. All bills submitted to the Council must be certified

as to correctness by the officers incurring them.

3. Lnvestments. All the permanent funds of the Academy

shall be invested in United States, or in New York State securi-

ties, or in first mortgages on New York real estate, provided

they shall not exceed 65% of the value of the property. All in-

come from Patron’s fees, Life membership fees, and initiation

fees, shall be added to the permanent fund.

4. Expulsion, etc. Any member or Fellow may be censured,

suspended or expelled, for violation of the constitution or by-

laws, or for any other offence deemed sufficient, by a vote of

three-fourths of the members and three-fourths of the Fellows

present at any business meeting, provided such action shall have

14 BY-LAWS.

been recommended by the Council at a business meeting, and

one month’s notice of such recommendation and of the offence

charged shall have been given the member accused.

5. Changes in By-laws. No alteration shall be made in these

by-laws unless it shall have been submitted publicly in writing at

a business meeting, shall have been entered on the minutes with

the names of the members or Fellows proposing the same, and

shall be adopted by two-thirds of the members and Fellows pres-

ent at a subsequent business meeting.

RESIDENT MEMBERS. 15

LIST OF FELLOWS AND RESIDENT MEMBERS. .

f. = Fellows ; 1. = Life Members ; p. = Patrons.

Adams, Edward D., 455 Madison Avenue.

Alexander, Chas. B., (1.) 120 Broadway.

Alexander, Henry M., (1.) 10 West 54th Street.

Allen, Ds, George S:, 51 West 37th’ Street.

Allen, J. A., (f.) American Museum of Natural History.

lente: EVE ea(f) *3ast 4isth Street.

Amend, B. G., (f.) 120 East 19th Street.

Anderson, A. A., 93 Fifth Avenue.

Andreini, José M., 29 West 75th Street.

Anthony, R. A., (1) 591 Broadway.

Tmoldaeb. Sse, (Cane: of > Newport, Nat. Mist. Soc:,

Newport, R. I.

Astor, John Jacob, 23 West 26th Street.

Bailey, James M., (1.) 77 Madison Avenue.

Beach, Frederick C., 361 Broadway.

Beard, Daniel C., 204 Amity Street, Flushing, Long Island.

Beatty, A. Chester, 3 East oth Street.

Becky banning de (fl) 78) Bast 56th Street.

Beers, M. H., 408-410 Broadway.

Bickmore, Prof. A. S., (f£) American Museum of Natural

History.

Bien, Julius, 140 Sixth Avenue.

Biggs, Charles, 13 Astor Place.

Blake, Dr. Joseph A., (f.) 437 West 5oth Street.

Bliss, Prof. Chas. B., (f. 1.) 115 Washington PI.

Boas, Dr. Franz, (f.) American Museum of Natural History.

Bolton, H. Carrington, Ph.D., (f.p.) Cosmos Club, Washing-

toni,

Boyd, James, 12 Franklin Street.

Bristol, Prof. Chas. L., (f.) University Heights.

16 RESIDENT MEMBERS.

Bristol, John I. D., 1 Madison Avenue.

Britton, N. L., Ph.D., (f p.) N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx

Park.

Brockway, Fred. J., M.D., 183 West 73d Street.

Brown, Hon. Addison, (f. p.) 45 West 89th Street.

Brown, Alfred S., 160 West 76th Street.

Brown, E. C., 741 St. Nicholas Avenue.

Brownell, Silas B., (f) 322 West 56th Street.

Bruce, Catherine W,, (1.) 810 Fifth Avenue.

Burnett, Douglass, 42 Livingston Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

‘Burr, Prof. W. H., Columbia University.

Calkins, Gary N., Ph.D., (f.) The Beresford, West 81st Street.

Casey, Capt: Thomas dL.)U.S. As, (f p.) U.S. ‘Bngineert@iacey

Norfolk, Va.

Caswell, John H., (f) 11 West 48th Street.

Cattell, Prof. John McK., (£.) Columbia University.

Chamberlain, L. T., M.D., The Chelsea, 23d Street, bet. 7th and

8th Avenues.

Chandler, Prof. Chas. F., (f) Columbia University.

Chapin, Chester W., (p.) 34 West 57th Street. :

Chapman, Frank M., (f.) American Museum of Natural History.

Cheesman, Dr. Timothy M., (f) 46 East 29th Street.

Chester, Prof. Albert H., 39 College Ave., New Brunswick,

Noa:

Collingwood, Francis (f.) Elizabeth, N. J.

Conkling, Alfred R., 27 East roth Street.

Constant, S. Victor, (1.) 420 West 23d Street.

Cook, James B., Memphis, Tenn.

Cooper, Hon. Edward, 12 Washington Square, N.

Cooper, Prof. F. T., 177 Warburton Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y.

Cornish, Robert H., 123 Claremont Avenue, Montclair, N. J.

Coster,.\C. H.; (I) 27 West Tothstreet.

Cox, Charles Fy (£54 Hastie7thystreet.

Crampton, Henry E., Jr., Columbia University.

Crow, A. Eugene, St. Andrews Hotel, 721 Western Boule-

vard.

RESIDENT MEMBERS. 17

Curtis, Henry S., Columbia University.

Curtis, Prof. John G., M.D., 327 West 58th Street.

Daily, W. H., 32 Old Jewry, London, E. C., England.

Daly, Hon. Chas. P., (f.) 84 Clinton Place.

Davies, Wm. G., 34 Nassau Street.

Davis, J. Woodbridge, Ph.D., 523 West 173d Street.

Day, Wm. S., 203 West 85th Street.

Dean, Prof. Bashford, Ph.D., (f.) Columbia University.

Delaneld, M.L., jr., (@) 56. Liberty Street. )

Dennett, Wm. S., M.D., 8 East 49th Street.

Devereux, W. B., Hetel San Remo, City.

Devoe, F. W., 101 Fulton Street.

DeWitt, W. G., 88 Iwassau Street. ;

Dickerson, Edward 'N., Washington Life Building, 141 Broad-

way.

Dix, Rev. Morgan, /\9.D., 27 West 25th Street.

Dodge, Prof. R. E. (f.) Teachers College, West 120th Street.

Dodge, Wm. E., (p.) 262 Madison Avenue.

Donald, James M., Hanover Nat. Bank, 11 Nassau Street.

Doremus, Chas. A., Ph.D., (f.) 59 West 51st Street.

Doremus, Prof. R. Odgen, M.D., (f:) 241 Madison Avenue.

Douglas, James, (1.) 99 John Street.

Douglass, Alfred, 170 West 59th Street.

Douglass, Andrew E., (f.) 9 East 54th Street.

Draper, Mrs. M. A. P., 271 Madison Avenue.

Drummond, Isaac W., M.D., 436 West 22d Street.

Dudley, Henry, (f.) 56 West 57th Street.

Dudley ir: H.,-Ga)so0; Pine Street.

Dunham, Edward K , M.D., 338 East 26th Street.

Dwight, Jonathan, Jr., M.D., 2 East 34th Street.

Dyar, Harrison G., 243 West goth Street.

Dyckman, Isaac M., 15 East 71st Street.

Egleston, Prof. Thomas, (f. p.) 35 West Washington Square.

Bihothe nH. PhiDP()) An invine Place.

English, George L., 64 East 12th Street.

_ ANNALS N, Y. ACAD. Sc1., XII, April 21, 1899—2

18 RESIDENT MEMBERS.

Eno, Wm. Phelps, 111 Broadway.

Eyerman, John, Easton, Pa.

Fargo, James C., 56 Park Avenue.

Farrand, Livingston, M.D., (f.) Columbia University.

Farrar, John N., M.D., 1271 Broadway.

Field, C. de Peyster, (p.) 21 East 26th Street.

Flemming, Robert L.; 76 Montgomery Street, jersey Cit

ING

Foley, Ernest, 108 East 62d Street.

Ford, James B., (1.) 507 Fifth Avenue.

Hostepwle. 7S) Line senect!

Foster, Scott, 332 West 72d Street.

Frankland, Fred. W., 346 Broadway.

Freeborn, George C., M.D., 215 West 70th Street.

Frissell, A. S., 530 Fifth Avenue.

Gallatin, Frederick, 670 Fifth Avenue.

Garrettson, Francis T., 26 Broad Street.

Gibier, Paul, M.D., (f). 313 West 23d Street.

Giddings, Prof. F. H., Columbia University.

Godkin, E. L., 36 West 1oth Street.

Gordon, Reginald,-Ph.D., Columbia University.

Gould, Edwin, (p.) Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.

Gould, Frank J., Irvington, N. Y.

Gould, George J., (p.) 195 Broadway.

Gould, Miss Helen, (p.) Irvington, N. Y.

Gouley, J. W.S., M.D., 11 East 43d Street.

Greacen, Thomas E., 65 West 48th Street.

Green, Hon. Andrew H., 214 Broadway.

Greene, Jeannette B., M.D., 135 West 41st Street.

Hall, Prof. Robert W., University Heights.

Hallock, Prof. William, (f-) Columbia University.

Hascall, Mrs. Virginia K., 110 East 16th Street.

Havemeyer, William F., 29 West roth Street.

Heller, Max, 76 East goth Street.

= SONS

RESIDENT MEMBERS. 19

Hering, Prof. Daniel W., (f.) University Heights.

Herrman, Mrs. Esther, (p.) 59 West 56th Street.

Herter, Christian A., M.D., 839 Madison Avenue.

Hewitt, Hon. Abram S., (f.) g Lexington Avenue.

Hewitt, Edward R., 119 East 18th Street.

Hinton, John H., M.D., (f p.) 41 West 32d Street.

Hitchcock, Miss F. R. M., (f) 4038 Walnut Street, Phila-

delphia, Pa.

Hoe, Henry, 91 John Street.

motman,) iwev, i, JAN) 11) 1 Chelsea Square:

Hoffmann, S. V., Morristown, N. J.

Hollick, Arthur, Ph.D. (f) Columbia University.

Holt, Henry, (1.) 29 West 23d Street.

Hooper, Franklin W., 71 St., James Place, Brooklyn, ING:

Hoppin, Wm. W., 111 Broadway.

Hornaday, Wm. T., (f.) 183 2d Street and Southern Boule-

vard.

Howe, Prof. Henry M.., (f.) Columbia University.

Howe, J. Morgan, 58 West 47th Street.

Howe, Marshall A., Columbia University.

Hoyt, Alfred M., 1 Broadway.

Hubbard) Brot, ©. Evi (f) 117 West, 55th Street.

Hubbard, Walter C., Room 25, Cotton Exchange.

Humason, Thomas A., M.D., 42 West 76th Street.

Huntington, Geo. S., M.D., () 50 East 73d Street.

Hyde, B. Talbot B., (1.) 82 Washington Street.

Hyde, E. Francis, 835 Fifth Avenue.

ey dewhiny wie: (1) Zo nWestassd Street:

Hyde, Henry St. J., 210 East 18th Street.

Iles, George, (1.) Park Avenue Hotel.

Ireland, John B., 31 Nassau Street.

Irving, John D., Columbia University.

J ackson, Prof. A. V. Williams, Columbia University.

Jacobi, Abram, M.D., (f.) 110 West 34th Street.

Jacoby, Prof. Harold, (f) Columbia University.

20 RESIDENT MEMBERS.

James, D. Willis, 40 East 39th Street.

Jesup, Morris K., 197 Madison Avenue.

judd Prot. Chas. Jbl NN) Ye University:

Julien, Alexis A., Ph.D., (£ p.) Columbia University.

Kane, S. Nicholson, Knickerbocker Club.

Kemp, Prof. James F., (f.) Columbia University.

Kendig, Rev. A. B., 86 Vernon St., Brookline, Mass.

Kennedy, John S., 6 West 57th Street.

Keppler, Rudolph, (1.) 28 West 7oth St.

Keyser, Samuel, 14 East 36th Street.

Kunz, George F., (f.) care of Tiffany & Co., 15 Union Square.

Lamb, Osborn R., (1.) 356 West 22d Street.

Laudy, Louis H., Ph.D., (f) Columbia University.

Laurence, Amos E., 1 West 81st Street.

Lawton, James M., (1.) 37 Fifth Avenue.

Leao, F. Garcia P., Brazilian Consulate, 23 State Street.

Lederle, Ernest J., 471 West 143d Street.

Ledoux, Albert R., Ph.D., (f) 39 West 50th Street.

Wee, Prof. Frederic S.,,(¢.); 437 West 50th Street

Leeds, Prof. A. R., (f p.) goo Hudson Street, Hoboken, N. J.

Lembke, Chas. F., 21 Union Square.

Levison, W. Goold, Ph.D. (f. p.) 1435 Pacific Street, Brooklyn,

IN. Ys

Rewis; W.-H. Jr, 11 Bast-35th Street

Liautard, A., M.D., 141 West 54th Street.

Lichtenstein, Paul, 48 Exchange Place.

Lloyd, Prof. Francis E. (f.) Teachers College, 120th Street

West.

Loeb, Morris, Ph.D., (f.), 118 West 72d Street.

Loeb, Solomon, 37 East 38th Street.

Lord, Benjamin, M.D., 34 West 28th Street.

Love, E. G., Ph.D., 80 East 55th Street.

Low, President Seth, (1.) Columbia University.

Luquer, Lea MclI., (f.) Columbia University.

Lusk, Prof. Graham, N. Y. Univ. Hospital and Med. College.

RESIDENT MEMBERS. 21

McClintock, Emory, (f.) Mutual Life Insurance Co., 32 Nas-

sau Street.

McCook, Col. J. J., (1.) 10 West 54th Street.

McCracken, Chancellor H. M., N. Y. University.

McKim, Rev. Haslett, 33 West 20th Street.

McLouth, Prof. Lawrence A., (f.) University Heights.

McMillin, Emerson, 40 Wall Street.

~ McNulty, Prof. John J., 17 Lexington Avenue.

Macy, Chas. A., 2d, 208 West 45th Street.

Maitland, Alexander, 45 Broadway.

Marble, Manton, Bedford, Westchester Co., N. Y.

Marie, Peter, 6 East 37th Street.

Marquand, Henry G., (f.) 11 East 68th Street.

Marston, Edwin S., 20 William Street.

Martin, Prof. Daniel S., (f. 1.) 126 Macon Street, Brooklyn,

NENG

Martin, T. Cumerford, The Monterey, West 114th Street.

Mason, Wm. L., 170 Fifth Avenue.

Mayo-Smith, Prof. Richmond, 305 West 77th Street.

Mead, Walter H., (p.) 65 Wall Street.

Meltzer, S. J., M.D., 66 Past 124th Street.

Mendelson, Dr. Walter, 159 West 74th Street.

Merrill, Fred. J. H., (£) N. Y. State Museum, Albany, N. Y.

Meyer, Max, M.D., 157 West 103d Street.

Meyer, Thomas C., Union Club. |

Miller, Geo. N., M.D., 811 Madison Avenue.

Mitchell, Edward, 31 East 50th Street.

Mitchell, John Murray, 17 Broad Street.

Morgan, J. Pierpont, 219 Madison Avenue.

Moses, Prof. Alfred J., Columbia University.

Munsell, C. E., Ph.D., 100 Horatio Street.

Nichols, George L., 66 East 56th Street.

Niven, William; POs Box 361, Ni Y:

Nott, F. J., M.D., 544 Madison Avenue.

Olcott, E. E., (1.) 38 West 39th Street.

“

22 RESIDENT MEMBERS.

Osborn, Prof. Henry F., (f.) 850 Madison Avenue.

Ottendorfer, Oswald, 150 West 59th Street.

Parker, Herschel C., Columbia University.

Parmly, D. D.,. Phoenix Bank.

Parsons, John E., 111 Broadway.

Patten, John, (1.) 27 Union Square.

Peabody, Hon. Chas. A., 70 West 21st Street.

Pell, Alfred, 20 East 35th Street.

Pellew, Prof. Chas. E., (f.) 68 East 54th Street.

Peckham, Wheeler H., 685 Madison Avenue.

Perry, Prof. Edward Delavan, Columbia University.

Pettegrew, David Lyman, Box 75, Worcester, Mass.

Pfister, J. C., Columbia University.

Phcenix, Lloyd, Union Club.

Pierson, Israel C., (f) 21 Cortlandt Street.

Piffard, Dr. Henry G., 256 West 57th Street.

Pitkin, Lucius, (f.) 138 Pearl Street.

Post, ©. Av, 16 Exchange Place:

Post, George B., (f.) 11 West 21st Street.

Prime, F. E., (p.) 26 Broad Street.

Prime, Temple, (p.) 26 Broad Street.

Prince, Prof. John D., 19 West 34th Street.

Prudden, Prof. T. Mitchell, (£.) 437 West 59th Street.

Pupin, Prof, M. 1; Ph.D. 68 West 72d(Strcet:

Quackenbos, Prof. J. D., 331 West 28th Street.

Rees, Prof. John K., (f.) Columbia University.

Reuter, Dr. L. H., Merck Building.

Rice, Charles, Ph.D., Bellevue Hospital.

Rich, Jacob M., 50 West 38th Street.

Ricketts, Prof. Pierre de P., (f) Columbia University.

Ries, Heinrich, (f-) Cornell University, Ithaca, N: Y-

Riley, James Johnstone, 77 Beaver Street.

Riley, R. Hudson, Bensonhurst, N. Y.

Robb, J. Hampden, 23 Park Avenue.

RESIDENT MEMBERS. 23

Rogers, Henry H., 26 East 57th Street.

Roosevelt, J. A., 4 West 57th Street.

Rusby, Henry H., M.D., (£.) College of Pharmacy.

Russak, Frank, 46 Exchange Place.

Sabine, Wm. T., Jr., g60 Madison Avenue.

Satterlee, F. Le Roy, 8 West 18th Street.

Satterlee, Livingston, (1.) New Brighton, S. I.

Schermerhorn, F. A., (1.) 61 University Place.

Schermerhorn, Wm. C., 49 West 23d Street.

Schoonmaker, W. D., 116 Duane Street.

Schuyler, Philip, Nevis, Irvington P. O., N. Y.

Senff, Chas. H., (p.) Whitestone, L. I. ~

Serrell, Lemuel W., 140 Nassau Street.

Shiland, Andrew, Jr., 262 West 78th Street.

Shriver, Walter, 333 East 56th Street.

Shultz, Chas. S., Hoboken, N. J.

Sickles, Ivin, 17 Lexington Avenue.

Sieberg, W. H. J., 138 West 126th Street.

Skeel, Frank D., M.D., 361 Mott Avenue.

Sloan, Samuel, (p.) 26 Exchange Place.

Smith, Ernest E., 262 Fifth Avenue.

Sommerfield, Wm. I., 32 West 13th Street.

Starr, Prof. M. Allen, 22 West 48th Street.

Stetson, Francis Lynde, (1.) 576 Madison Avenue.

Stevens, George T., M.D., 33 West 33d Street.

Stevenson, Prof. J. J., (f. 1.) 468 West End Avenue.

Stokes, James, 49 Cedar Street.

Stone, Mason A., 20 East 66th Street.

Stratford, Prof. Wm., (f.) 17 Lexington Avenue.

Strong, Chas. A., Lakewood, N. J., Box 208.

Stuyvesant, Rutherford, (f.) 246 East 15th Street.

Sutro, Mrs. Mathilde E., 60 West 49th Street.

Taggart, Rush, 319 West 75th Street.

Matlock; John; jr; G1) POBox 194.

Terry, James, (1.) New Haven, Conn.

24 RESIDENT MEMBERS.

Thompson, Prof. W. Gilman, 34 East 31st Street.

Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar Street.

Todd, Prof. Henry Alfred, Columbia University.

Tows, C. D., Buckingham Hotel.

dirask, Spencer, 277 hinepotect:

Tripler, Chas. E., 121 West 89th Street.

Trotter, Alfred W., 26 Cortlandt Street.

Trowbridge, Chas. C., Columbia University.

Tuckerman, Alfred, 342 West 57th Street.

Tufts, Frank L., Columbia University.

Underwood, Prof. L. M., (f.) Columbia University.

Van Beuren, Fred. T., 21 West 14th Street.

Van Brunt, Cornelius, (f) 319 East 57th Street.

Van Giesen, Ira, Columbia University.

Van Ingen, Gilbert, (f.) Columbia University.

Van Nardroff, E. R., 89 Quincy Street, Brooklyn.

Van Slyck, George W., (1.) 120 Broadway.

Wade, Herbert T., Columbia University.

Waller, Elwyn, (f.) 440 First Avenue.

Warburg, F. N., 18 East 72d Street.

Ward, Delancey W., Flushing, N. Y.

Ward) Ses Heya Wallestreer

Washington, H.S., Locust, N. J.

Waterbury, John I., Morristown, N. J.

Weston, Theodore, 14 West 48th Street.

White, Thaddeus R., 242 West 45th Street.

White; Theo. Ga. 30) \Wests20thy Stree =)

Whitfield, Prof. R. P., (f) American Museum of Natural

History.

Whitman, Alford A., 305 West 78th Street.

Whiton, Louis C., 114 West 76th Street.

Wicke, William, First Avenue and 31st Street.

Wiechmann, F. G., (f.) 771 West End Avenue.

Wiener, Joseph, M.D., 1046 Fifth Avenue.

PATRONS. 25

Wiggin, Frederick H., 55 West 36th Street.

Wills, Chas. T., 156 Fifth Avenue.

Wilson, Prof. Edmund B., (f.) Columbia University.

Wolff, Alfred R., 15 West 89th Street.

Wood, William H. S., 45 East 1oth Street.

Woodhull, Prof. John F., Teachers College, West 120th

Seicer

Woodward, C. A., 49 West 46th Street.

Woodward, Prof. R. S., (f) Columbia University.

Wortman, J. L., (f) American Museum of Natural History.

Youmans, Wm. J., M.D., (f.) 72 Fifth Avenue.

Zabriskie, George, 45 West 48th Street.

PATRONS.

Bolton, H. Carrington ; Cosmos Club,Washington, D. C.

Britton, Dr. Nathaniel Lord; Director Botanical Garden, Bronx.

Park, New York City.

Casey, Captain Thomas L.; Engineer Department U. S. Army

Norfolk, Virginia.

Chapin, Chester W.; 34 West 57th Street, New York City.

Dodge, William E. ; 262 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Egleston, Thomas ; Professor Emeritus of Mineralogy and Met-

allurgy in Columbia University. New York City.

Field, C. de Peyster ; 127 Water Street, New York City.

Gould, Edwin; Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.

Gould, Miss Helen; Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.

Herrmann, Mrs. Esther; 59 West 56th Street, New York City.

Hinton, John H., M.D. ; 41 West 32d Street, New York City.

26 HONORARY MEMBERS.

Leeds, Albert R., Professor; goo Hudson Street, Hoboken, N. J.

Levison, W. Goold, Ph.D.; 1435 Pacific Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Prime, Frederick E.; 26 Broad Street, New York City.

Prime, Temple ; 26 Broad Street, New York City.

Senff, Charles H.; Whitestone, N. Y.

Sloane, Samuel ; 26 Exchange Place, New York City.

Weston, Henry; 29 Broadway, New York City.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Agassiz, Alexander; Director Emeritus Museum Comparative

Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (1887).

- Akerman, Richard, Ph.D.; Director General and Chief of Royal

Board of Trade, Stockholm, Sweden (1876).

Auwers, Arthur; Professor of Physics and Mathematics, Uni-

versity of Berlin; Berlin, Germany (1898).

Barrois, Charles, M.D.; Adjunct Professor of Geology ; Secretary

Geol. Soc. of France ; 37 Rue Pascal, Lille, France (1889).

Brooks, William K.; Professor of Invertebrate Zoology, Johns

Hopkins University ; Baltimore, Md. (1898).

Bunzen, Robert W., Ph.D. ; Professor of Chemistry in Heidel-

berg University ; 12 Bunzen Street, Heidelberg in Baden,

Germany (1876).

Dallinger, Wm. Henry, LL.D., F.R.S.; Ingleside, Lee, London

S. Es England (1837):

Darwin, George Howard, M.A., F.R.S.; Professor of Physics,

Trinity College, Cambridge, England (1899).

Dawkins, W. Boyd; Professor of Geology and Paleontology,

Victoria University, Owens College, Manchester, England

(1876).

Dawson, Sir John Wm.; Emeritus Principal McGill University

293 University Street, Montreal, Canada (1876).

HONORARY MEMBERS. ZN.

Flower, Sir William H., LL.D., F.R.S.; Late Director British

Museum of Natural History ; London, England (1887).

Frankland, Sir Edward ; Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society

of London; the Yews, Reigats Hill, Surrey, England

(1870).

Geikie, Sir Archibald, F.R.S.; Director General of Geological

Survey of Great Britain and Ireland ; 28 Jermyn Street,

London S. W., England (1876).

Geinitz, Hans Bruno; Professor of Paleontology and Mineralogy,

Geheimrath., Dresden Mus. of Geol. and Archezol. 10

Lindenaw Strasse, Dresden, Germany (1876).

Gibbs, Wolcott, LL.D. ; Professor Emeritus of the Application

of Science to the Useful Arts, Harvard University. New-

port, R. I. (1889).

Gill, David ; Professor of Astronomy at the Observatory. Cape

of Good Hope, Africa (1898).

Goodale, George Lincoln, M.D., LL.D.; Professor of Natural

History and Botany, Harvard University, Cambridge,

Mass. (1889).

Heckel, Ernst, Ph.D.; Professor of Zoology in the University of

Jena. Jena, Weimar, Germany (1894).

Hall, Asaph ; Professor of Mathematics U. S. Naval Observa-

tory. South Norfolk, Conn. (1889).

Hartlaub, Gustav, M.D.; Assistant Director Museum of Natural

History. Bremen, Germany (1864).

Hauer, Franz Ritter von, Ph.D.; Hofrath, Supt. Royal Museum

_ of Natural History. 7 Kirchbergstrasse, Vienna, Austria,

(1864).

Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton, LL.D., F.R.S.; Sunningdale, Eng-

land (1879).

Hubrecht, Ambrosius, A.M.; Professor of Zoology and Com-

parative Anatomy in the University of Utrecht. Utrecht,

Netherlands (1896).

28 HONORARY MEMBERS.

Kelvin, The Right Hon. Lord, F.R.S.; President of the Royal

Society of Edinburgh. University of Glasgow; or 28

Chester Square, London, England (1876).

Klein, Felix, M.D.; Professor of Mathematics in the University

of Gottingen. 3 Wilhelm Weber Strasse, Gottingen, Ger-

many (1896).

Kokscharow, Nicholas von; Professor of, Lesnoj Inst. St.

Petersburg, Russia (1879).

Lang, Victor E. von, Professor of Physics in the University of

Vienna. Vienna, Austria (1876).

Langley, Samuel Pierpont ; Secretary of Smithsonian Institu-

tion, Washington, D. C. (1887).

Lankester, E. Ray, LL.D., F.R.S.; Director British Museum of

Natural History. Cromwell Road, London, England

(1898).

Lockyer, Sir Norman, F.R.S.; Professor of Astronomy in the

Royal College of Science; Solar Physics Observatory,

Kensington, England (1880).

Moissan, Henri; Professor of Chemistry in the University of

Paris. 7 Rue Vangullin, Paris, France (1898).

Nansen, Fridtjof, M.D.; Professor of Zoology in the Royal

Fredericks University. Christiania, Norway (1898).

Newcomb, Simon ; Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy

in the Johns Hopkins University, and U. S. Naval Observa-

tory. 1620 P. Street, Washington, D. C. (1891).

Penck, Albrecht ; Professor of Geography in the University of

Vienna. Vienna, Austria (1898).

Pfeffer, Wm.; Professor of Botany in the University of Munich.

Munich, Germany (1898).

Rayleigh, Lord, LL.D., F.R.S.; Professor of Natural Philoso-

phy in the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Albemarle

Street, Piccadilly, N. W., London (1899).

Reusch, Hans H., M.D., Professor of Geology ; Head of Nor-

wegian Geol. Investigations. Christiania, Norway (1898)

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS, 29

OScoey Soin menn a nield ys Re Sss Nice Chancellor

University of London. 10 Braham Gardens, London S.

W., England (1887).

Rosenbusch, Heinrich ; Professor of Geology and Mineralogy,

University of Heidelberg. Heidelberg, Germany (1887).

Stokes, Sir George Gabriel, LL.D., F.R.S.; Lucasian Professor

of Mathematics in Pembroke College. Lensfield Cottage,

Cambridge, England (18809).

Thomson, Joseph John, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Experimental

Physics in Cambridge University ; Cavendish Laboratory,

Cambridge, England (1896).

Torrell, Otto Martin ; Professor of Zoology and Geology ; Head

of Swedish Geol. Investigations at Stockholm. Stockholm,

Sweden (1876).

Virchow, R.; Professor of Pathological Anatomy in Royal Fried-

rich-Wilhelms University. Berlin, Germany (1898).

Young, Charles Augustus ; Professor of Astronomy in Princeton

University. Princeton, N. J. (1878).

Zittel, Karl Alfred Ritter von ; Professor of Geology and Pale-

ontology in the Royal Bavarian Ludwig-Maximilian Uni-

versity. Munich, Germany (1808).

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Abbe, Cleveland, Professor of Meteorology in Columbian Uni-

versity. Weather Bureau of the Department of Agricul-

ture, Washington, D. C. (1883).

Abbott, Charles Conrad, M.D.; Trenton, N. J. (1883).

Achiardi, Antonio D., Ph.D.; Professor of Mineralogy and

Meteorology in the University of Pisa. 12 Via San Mar-

tino, Pisa, Italy (1890).

Acosta, Antonio Gordon y; M.D., President of the Dispen-

saries of Havana. 54 San Nicolas, Havana, Cuba (1883).

30 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Adams, F. D.; Professor of Geology in McGill University.

Montreal, Cn (1898).

Alexander, Wm. DeWitt; Surveyor General of the Hawaiian

Islands. Honolulu, Hagen (1890).

Andrews, Dr. C. W.; British Museum of Natural History, Lon-

don, England (1899).

Appleton, John Howard, M.A.; Professor of Chemistry, Brown

_- University. 209 Angell Street, Providence, R. I. (1876).

Baker, J. G.; Royal Gardens, Kew (1899).

Balfour, I. B., Professor of Botany in the University of Edin-

burgh ; Edinburgh, Scotland (18098).

Bell, J. Graham ; Washington, D.C. (1878).

Bertrand, Emile ; Professor of Geology in the Ecole des Mines.

Paris, France (1883).

Boltzmann, Ludwig; Professor of Physics in the University of

Vienna. Vienna, Austria (1899).

Bombicci-Porta, Professor of Mineralogy and-Applied Gainer

in the University of Bologna. Bologna, Italy (1883).

Boulenger, G. H.; British Museum: of Natural History. Lon-

don, England (1899).

Branner, John C., Ph.D., LL:D., Professor of Geology and

Vice-President of the Leland Stanford Junior University

(1899). Palo Alto, Cal. (1884).

Brewster, William ; 145 Brattle Street, Cambridge, Mass. (1874).

Brogger, W. C.; Professor of Geology in the University of

Christiania. Christiania, Norway (1899).

Brush, George Jarvis; Former Director of Sheffield Scientific

School, Yale University. New Haven, Conn. (1876).

Caldwell, George Chapman; Professor of Chemistry in Cornell

University. Ithaca, N. Y. (1876).

Garmichael, Henry, Ph.D:; “Analytical Chemist. 12 eean

Street, Boston, Mass. (1876).

Carruthers, Wm. C.; M.D.; Consulting Botanist Royal Agricul-

tural Society of England. British Museum, London, Eng-

land (18098).

Chamberlin, T. C.; Head Professor of Geology in the Univer-

sity of Ginceee Chicago, IIl. (1898).

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 31

Chandler, W. H.; Librarian of Lehigh University. Bethlehem,

Rass@r 8770): |

Clarke hrank Ve. Chiet\Chemist) Us S:1Geolosical Survey;

Washington, D.C. (1876).

Comstock, Theo. B.; M.D. 535 Stimson Block, Los Angeles,

Cal(877):

Cooke, M. C.; M.A. 2 Grosvenor-villas. Upper Holloway,

England (1868).

Cornwall, H. B., Professor of Chemistry, Princeton Univ., Prince-

ton, NGF (37):

Cory, Charles B.; 160 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. (1880).

Cox, Kenyon; 75 West 55th St., New York City.

Crawford, Joseph. 2822 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

(1877).

Credner, Hermann, M.D., Professor of Historical Geology in the

University of Leipzig ; Director of Geological Survey of

the Kingdom of Saxony. Leipzig, Germany (1866).

Cushing, Henry P.; Professor of Geology in Western Reserve

University. Adelbert College, Cleveland, O. (1895).

Dale, T. Nelson, Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey ; In-

structor in Geology in Williams College. Williamstown,

Mass. (1879).

Dall, Wm. Healey; Curator Department of Mollusks in the

U.S. Nat. Mus.; Professor of Invertebrate Palaeontology

in the Wagner Free Institute Science, Philadelphia. Smith-

sonian Institution, Washington, D. C. (1870).

Dana, Edward Salisbury, Ph.D.; Professor of Physics in Yale

University. 119 Grove Street, New Haven, Conn. (1885).

Deane, Ruthven ; 30 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Ill. (1894).

Deperet, Dr. Charles ; Professor of Geology in the University.

Lyons, France (1899).

Derby Onalle Ns bsGess Chictcof, Geog.) and Geol; Com-

mission. Sao Paulo, Brazil (1890).

Dollo, Dr. Louis; Musée d’Histoire Naturelle. Brussels, Bel-

gium (1899). :

Drown, Thomas Messinger, LL.D.; President of Lehigh Uni-

versity. South Bethlehem, Pa. (1876).

32 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Duns, Rev. John, D.D.; New College, Edinburgh, Scotland

(1868).

Edsall, Burroughs; Spuyten Duyvil, N. Y. (1884).

Elliot, Henry W.; Lakewood, Cuyahoga County, O. (1876).

Elliott, John B.; Professor of Theoretical and Practical Medicine

in Tulane University. New Orleans, La. (1880).

Engelhardt, Francis E.; Chemist to Syracuse Board of Health.

7 Clinton Block, Syracuse, N. Y. (1869).

Ernst, A., M.D.; Professor of Natural History in the Univer-

sity of Caracas. Caracas, Venezuela (1878).

Fairchild, Herman Le Roy, B.S.; Professor of Geology in the

University of Rochester. Rochester, N. Y. (1879).

Fensi, Sebastiana ; Florence, Italy (1887).

Fittica, Frederic B., Ph.D.; Professor of Chemistry in the Uni-

versity of Marburg. Marburg, Germany (1879).

Fletcher, Lazarus, M.A., F.R.S.; Keeper of Minerals in the

British Museum. 36 Woodville Road, Ealing, London W.,

England (1885).

Ford, Prof. Darius B.; Elmira, N. Y. (1874).

Fraas, Professor Dr. Eberhard ; Kgl. Naturalien Kabinet, Stutt-

gart, Germany (1899).

Fritzgartner, Reinhold, Ph.D.; State Geologist of Honduras.

Tegucgalpa, Honduras (1879).

Gadolin, Gen. Alex.; St. Petersburg, Russia (1868).

Gilbert, G. K.; Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey.

Washington, D. C. (1870).

Gill, Theodore, M.D.; U. S. National Museum. Washington,

IDBAGA Emacs)»

Gilman, Daniel C., LL.D.; President of the Johns Hopkins

_ University. Baltimore, Md. (1876).

Goessman, Charles A., LL.D.; Professor of Chemistry in the

Massachusetts Agricultural College. Amherst, Mass.

(1865).

Gooch, Frank Austin; Professor of Chemistry in Yale Univer-

versity. New Haven, Conn. (1888).

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 33

Grattarola, Guiseppe; Professor of Mineralogy. San Marco,

Florence, Italy (1883).

Greenleaf, R. C.; Honorary Prof. Military and Public Hygiene

in the University of California. Boston, Mass. (1868).

Greao Wink i MeL Porte @hester, NV: (1865):

Gregoris, Marguis Antonio, M.D.; Editor of the Annals of

Geol. and Paleon. Palermo, Sicily, Italy (1883).

Grierson, T. B., M.D.; Dumfriesshire, Scotland (1865).

Grote, August R.. Professor at Roemer Museum. Hildesheim,

Germany (1876).

Groth, Paul; Professor of Mineralogy in the Royal Bayr. Lud-

wig-Maximilians University. Hamburg, Germany (1877).

Gudeman, Edward, M.D.; Philadelphia, Pa. (1890).

Guppy, R. J. Lechmere; Late Chief Inspector of Schools.

Tunapima, Trinidad (1869).

Hale, George E.; Professor of Astronomy and Physics in the

University of Chicago. Yerkes Observatory, Williams

Bay, Wis. (1898).

Hamlin, Chas. E.; Cambridge, Mass. (1865).

Hesse-Wartegg, Count Ernst von; New York, N. Y. (1882).

Hill, George W., M. D. ; West Nyack, N. Y. (1898).

Hill, Henry Barker ; Professor of Chemistry in Harvard Uni-

versity. Cambridge, Mass. (1876).

Hitchcock, C. H., LL.D.; Professor of Geology in Dartmouth

College. Hanover, N. H. (1867).

Hoskold, H. D.; Director General National Department of

Mines and Geology. 2043 Santa Fé, Buenos-Ayres, Ar-

gentine Rep. (1890). :

Howard, Thomas D., Jr.; Perth Amboy, N. J. (1877). —

Howe, Professor G. B.; Normal College of Science, S. Kensing-

ton, London (1899).

Hyatt, Alpheus, LL.D.; Curator of the Boston Society of Nat-

ural History. Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass. (1876).

Hyatt, James, Sc.D.; Stanfordville, Duchess Co., N. Y. (1876).

Iddings, J. P.; Professor of Petrology in the University of Chi-

cago. Chicago, Ill. (1898). .

ANNALS N, Y. ACAD. Sci., XII, April 22, 1899—3

34 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Iles, Malvern W.; Metallurgist. Globe Smelting Co., Denver,

Colorado (1875).

Innes, Dr. Walter ; School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt (1899).

Jaekel, Dr. Otto ; Koniglichen Museum fur Naturkunde. In-

validenstrassen 43, Berlin, Germany (1899).

Jannettaz, Pierre Michel Edouard ; President of the Faculty of

Sciences and Assistant in Mineralogy, Mus. Hist. Nat. 86

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Jannetaz, A.; Professor of Mineralogy in the University of

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Jessup, Henry Griswold, M.A.; Professor of Beene in Dart-

mouth College. Hone ee Ni (1835)):

Johnson, Samuel H., M.A.; Professor Emeritus of Agricultural

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Jordan, David Starr, LL.D.; President of Leland Stanford Jr.

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Koenig, George A., Ph.D.; Professor of Chemistry and Metal-

lurgy in the Michivan College of Mines. Houghton,

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Kohlrausch, Professor Dr. Friedrich ; President of the Physikal-

ish-Technisches Reichsanstalt. Charlottenberg, Marsh-

strasse 25, Berlin (1899).

Koltzoff-Massalsky, Princess Helene; Florence, Italy (1887).

Kroutschoff, Baron K. de; St. Petersburg, Russia (1890).

Kukio, Baron R.; Privy Counselor and President-General of

the Imperial Museum of Japan. Tokio, Japan (1888).

Kulbin, N.; Military Medical Academy. St. Petersburg, Rus-

sia (1890).

Lacroix, Alfred; Professor of Mineralogy in the Museum of

Natural History. Rue Buffon, Paris, France (1890).

LaCroix, P.; Professor in the Musee d’Histoire Naturelle.

Paris, France (1899).

Land, Wm. J.; Atlanta, Ga. (1877).

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 39D

Langley, John W., Ph.D.; Professor of Electrical Engineering

in the Case School of Applied Science. Cleveland, Ohio

1876).

oe S. A.; University of Rochester. Rochester, N. Y.

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Laussedat, Col. Aime; 292 Rue St. Martin, Paris, France

(1890).

Le Conte, Joseph, LL.D.; Professor of Geology and Natural

History in the University of California. Berkeley, Cal.

(1876).

Le Jollis, Auguste Francois; Directeur Museum des Sci. Nat.,

of Cherbourg; 29 Rue de la Duche, Cherbourg, France

(1876).

Liversidge, Dr. A.; University of Sydney. Sydney, New South

Wales (1899). -

Macloskie, George ; Professor of Biology in Princeton Univer-

sity. | Erimecton, N35), )( 0876):

Mallet, John William, LL.D.; Professor of Chemistry in the

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Va. (1876).

Marcy, Oliver, LL.D.; Professor of Geology in Northwestern

University. Deane College of Liberal Arts, 1703 Chicago

Ave., Evanston, Ill. (1871).

Matthew, George F., LL.D.; Surveyor of. Customs. St. John,

Neb Canada (13867):

Maynard, Charles Johnson; 477 Crafts Street, West Newton,

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Meade, Theodor Luquer, C.E.; Oviedo, Fla. (1874).

Meek, Seth E.; Professor of Zodlogy in the Arkansas Industrial

University. Fayetteville, Ark. (1888).

Merriam, Clinton Hart, M.D.; Chief of U.S. Biological Survey,

Washington, D. C. (1874).

Meyer, A. B., M.D.; Director of the Royal Museum. Dres-

den, Germany (1890).

Michie, P. S., Professor of Mathematics at the U. S. Military

Academy. West Point, N. Y. (1885).

36 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Minot, Charles Sedgwick ; Professor of Histology and Human

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Murray, George, M.D.; British Museum, London, Eng. (1898).

Netto, Ladislaus ; Professor of Mathematics in the Theological

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Newton, Alfred, F.R.S.; Professor of Zoology and Compara-

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Nicholls, Henry Alford, M.D.; Dominica, Br. West Indies

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Nicolis, Enrico de; Verona, Italy (1884).

Niles, Wm. H.; Professor of Geology and Geography in Massa-

chusetts Institute of Technology. Boston, Mass. (1881).

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Ostwald, Professor Wilhelm ; University of Leipzig. Leipzig,

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CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 37

Packard, Alpheus Spring, Ph.D.; Professor of Zodlogy in Brown

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INE Ye (1876):

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Pickering, Edward C.; Director of Harvard College Observatory.

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Prime, Frederick, Ph.D.; Professor of Natural History in Girard

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Pumpelly, Raphael; U. S. Geological Survey. Dublin, N. H.

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_ ophy in Trinity College. Hartford, Conn. (1876).

Randall, F. A.; Warren, Pa. (1876).

Rawson, Sir Rawson William ; 68 Cornwall Gardens, London

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Remsen, Ira, LL.D.; Professor of Chemistry in Johns Hopkins

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Ridgway, Robert ; Curator Division of Birds in the U. S. Na-

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C. (1874).

Robb, William L.; Professor of Physics in Trinity College.

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38 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

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Schaeffer, Charles A.; President of the University of Iowa.

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Scott, W. B.. Professor of Geology, Princeton University.

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Scudder, Samuel H.; Cambridge, Mass. (1876).

Sherwood, Andrew ; Mansfield, Pa. (1876).

Slosson, Charles; Buffalo, N. Y. (1885).

Smith, J. Ward; 144 Monmouth Street, Newark, N. J. (1883).

Smyth, Charles H., Jr.; Professor of Geology and Mineralogy

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Spencer, J. Selden, Rev.; Tarrytown, N. Y. (1890).

Staebner, Frederick W.; Willimantic, Conn. (1882).

Stearns, Robert E. C., Ph.D.; Associate Zoologist of the U. S.

National Museum. 1025 East 18th Street, Los Angeles,

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Stevens, Wm. Le Conte; Washington and Lee University.

Lexington, Va.

Stover, Francis H.; Professor of Agricultural Chemistry in

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Stuart, “A. FR. .S:," M-A.; Professor of ‘Chenustny in University,

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Thwing, Rev. Edward P.; President of the Western Reserve

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CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 39

Traquair, R. H.; Museum of Science and Art. Edinburgh,

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Walcott, Charles D., Director of the U. S. Geological Survey.

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White, I. C., Ph.D.; State Geologist. Morgantown, W. Va.

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Whitman, C. O.; Head Professor of Zoology and Director of

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40 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Woodward, Dr. A. Smith; British Museum of Natural History.

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De. 038 70):

[Anwnats N. Y. Acap. Scr., Vol. XII, No. 2, pp. 41-56, April 22, 1899. ]

A PALZOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH THE

CAMBRIAN.

Gro. F. MaTTHEw.

(Read November 28, 1898.)

[FiGuRES 1-4. ]

CONTENTS.

: PAGE

1 liheoldest Raleeozoic Hauna (Etchemunian)) oir ss.cs-cs-c2 sce wcaconsecsne ona AI

2wNew Brunswick sectionsiofitheitenrame: smcnsachodeccesaeacext cee sdeeccceneeene cena 42

3. Newfoundland sections of the terrane...............c2..2066 Hoc waswenae Mastee ese vena 45

4. Distinctness of the Fauna from the Cambrian...................2.065 HbR ara ne 52

Kem Vestward extension othe Htchemimians.sassareecteceasccecaencesce es eenen es rececr 54

1. The Oldest Paleozoic Fauna.

THE author has for some years been aware of the existence

of a fauna in the rocks below those that contain Paradoxides and

Protolenus! in New Brunswick, eastern Canada, but the remains

of the higher types of organisms found in these rocks were

so poorly preserved and sc fragmentary, that they gave a very

imperfect knowledge of its nature.

To assure us that there had been living forms in the seas of

that early time, other than Protozoa and burrowing worms, we

had only the casts of Hyolithide, the mould of an Obolus, a

ribbed-shell similar to Palazaacmzea and portions of what appeared

to be the arms and bodies of Crinoids.

These objects were found in the upper division of a series of

rocks, immediately subjacent to the Cambrian strata containing

Protolenus, etc. Asa decided physical break was discovered

between the strata carrying the objects named above, and those

1Trans. New York Acad. Sci., XIV, 101-153, Pl. I-XI, fig. 1.

(41)

42 MATTHEW.

having Protolenus, it was thought that the underlying series

was worthy of a distinctive name, and ETCHEMINIAN was chosen— .

derived from a tribe of aborigenes which inhabited this country

before the advent of Europeans.

In most countries the basement of the Palzeozoic sedi-

ments seems almost devoid of organic remains. It has been

thoroughly searched in Europe, but with very unsatisfactory re-

sults; and there seemed little hope that America would yield

better returns. Nevertheless, the indications of a fauna obtained

in the maritime provinces of Canada seemed to hold out a hope,

that in some more favored region, these basement beds of the

Paleozoic might yield remains in a better state of preservation.

With this hope the author last summer made a visit to a part

of Newfoundland where Mr. J. P. Howley, the director of the

Geological Survey of that island, had reported a clear section of

sediments below the horizons of Paradoxides and Agvazulos

strenuus. Before describing the rocks of that district, however,

it may be well to speak more fully of the corresponding terrane

in New Brunswick, in which the relation of this series to the

Cambrian was first observed, and the break between the two

series of strata first demonstrated.

2. The New Brunswick Sections.

The accompanying general section will show the relations

which the Cambrian and Etcheminian terranes bear to each other

in the province of New Brunswick, and their attitude to the

underlying Prepalzozoic Systems. The section, which cuts

through all these terranes, shows how insignificant in bulk the

whole Eopalzozoic is to the underlying Archzan masses. It

is perhaps owing to the thinness of the Eopalzozoic rocks and

the firm platform of older sediments on which they rest, that

they have escaped severe metamorphism, and contain recogniz-

able fossils at the present day ; and yet withall there is a differ-

ence in the conditions of preservation of the organic remains of

the Cambrian and those of Etcheminian age, so that it is not

alone the greater recency of the former, which will account for

PALAOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH CAMBRIAN.

the ease with which the fossils can be recog-

nized, but the chemical changes which took

place in the Etcheminian sediments, as well as

different conditions existing at the time of

their entombment, have tended to obliterate

the Etcheminian organisms while the Cambrian

have remained.

In the base of the Cambrian the Hyolithoid

shells andthe Foraminifera have preserved the

substance of their tests, but in the older ter-

rane this has been replaced by glauconite or,

some other mineral substance ; so that in many

cases the structure is gone and only a cast of

the fossil remains. Still there is no evidence

that the Etcheminian sediments were consol-

idated before the deposition of the Cambrian,

as.they have given no fragments to the latter,

and apparently have furnished only mud and

sand, for the building up of the Cambrian

layers.

Section North from St. John.—Al\though

there is but slight evidence in the condition of

the sediments of the greater antiquity of the

Etcheminian, and the unconformity existing

between it and the Cambrian, this break be-

comes manifest when the distribution of the

two is traced in the field, for then we find

that the older terrane was entirely eroded from

large tracts of country before the depesition

of the newer. The accompanying section,

taken along a line from the harbor of St. John

northward, (Fig. 1) shows an instance of such

erosion. In the city of St, John a, belt-of

Etcheminian strata crosses the southern end of

the city, being exposed along the southern

side of the basin of Cambrian rocks on which

the city is built. On the north side of this

‘snolojluoqieg JaMoT ‘OT f uvuquies ‘0 { ueluIMYsyq ‘8 £ UBTUOIMT;T

‘sounoy Ss Sulyy pue uYyof }S YSnoiy) preMyjiou uyof[ +g Wor UOT}Iag

‘1 Oly

Y-Y ‘Ye foj9 ‘uvnuoiney “T ‘your ¥ 0} sap %z ateos

s/sevaqauuay

AdAls

“yoy Su07

!-Protolenian— —— —

—. Paradoxidian— — — — N.

Fic. 2. Section of Eopaleozoic at Hanford Brook, St. John County, N. B., Can.

Scale 700 feet to 1 inch.

MATTHEW.

basin the Etcheminian thins out and disappears

in going westward.

Crossing from the St. John Basin to the one

next northward containing Cambrian rocks,

we find this to be one in which no Etchemin-

ian rocks appear. The Etcheminian here has

been entirely eroded before the deposition of

the Cambrian, and this is the condition for

many miles to the westward.

Passing over another plateau about five

miles wide one reaches a third valley in which

Cambrian sediments remain. Here we again

meet beneath them the familiar red rocks of

the Etcheminian, exposed along an anticline

with Cambrian measures on both sides of it.

The Etcheminian appears also along the north

side of this basin’ and, so far as thickness .of

measures counts, is an important part of the

Eopalzozoic sediments there...

Section on Hanford Brook.—In the eastern

part of St. John County at Hanford Brook a

clear section of the lower part of the Eopalao-

zoic is exposed, and is worthy of comparison

with that of Smith Sound in Newfoundland de-

scribed ona following page. From this section

at Hanford Brook (Fig. 2) we see that the Hu-

ronian (Coldbrook) in Prepalaozoic times,

formed in this area a district raised above the

sea, against which a sea-beach deposit was

made, the initial member of the Etcheminian.

As the land sank the texture of the sediments

changed, first to sand and then to clay. Sub-

sequently there was a gradual re-elevation, so

that flags alternated with the finer beds, and

finally predominated in sandstones full of cast-

ings and burrows of worms. With added eleva-

tion of the land the condition of a sea beach

PALAOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH CAMBRIAN. 45

with which the terrane begins, was restored. ‘The resulting in-

terraned conglomerate then sank, and clays and sands accumu-

lated, in which are buried the remains of the fauna mentioned

on a former page. From this point to the summit of the series

somewhat coarser accumulations of sand and clay continue.

The Etcheminian terrane in New Brunswick, like the Cambrian,

contains two cycles ; each, in the Etcheminian, begins in a con-

glomerate, sands and fine shales follow, and then there is a re-

turn to coarser flags and sandstones toward the end. A similar

succession, but of finer sediments can be traced in the St. John

or Cambrian terrane,’ and to this condition there is an approxi-

mate parallel in Newfoundland.

When one considers the softness of the Etcheminian sediments

at the time of the deposition of the Cambrian it seems alto-

gether likely that in the 1,200 feet of measures exposed on

Hanford Brook, the entire thickness of the Etcheminian may

not be represented, and this argument as to thickness also holds

in Newfoundland, where a lesser thickness of beds is visible on

Smith Sound, than is to be found in New Brunswick.

At several localities in southern New Brunswick masses of

red shales, sandstones and conglomerates are seen, but as these

are not accompanied by Cambrian strata, and are not known

to contain definite fossils, there is no proof that any of them are

of Etcheminian age.

3. The Newfoundland Sections.

So often do we find the basement beds of a Cambrian basin

raised to a high angle of dip, or displaced by faults, leading toa

doubt of the regularity in the succession of the beds, that one

where the sequence is clear and continuous, and the dip low is de-

serving of careful examination. Such favorable conditions are

present in the western of the two Cambrian basins on Smith’s

Sound in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. Here the succession ap-

pears to be normal throughout, and besides the Etcheminian

strata, it contains a series of beds extending to at least the summit

1 Division 1 and Division 2a belong to the lower cycle, and Division 2¢ and ¢ and

Division 3 to the upper.

46 MATTHEW.

of the Cambrian, since Dictyonema flabelliforme Eichw. was found

in some of the higher beds. Even the rocks on which the Etche-

minian rests, and which undoubtedly belong to an older system,

are so little disturbed that no difference of dip was observed in

passing to them from the Etcheminian.

The small amount of disturbance which this basin has under-

gone is also shown by the absence of slaty cleavage, which so

often obscures, or even obliterates, the organisms of the older

Palaeozoic rocks. These conditions were almost as favorable

as those which exist in Sweden, for the study of the basement

sediments of the Paleozoic.

As the author has already remarked, the rocks in eastern

Canada, corresponding to these old Palzozoic layers in New-

foundland, are distinguished from the true Cambrian by a slight

discordance of dip, and by evidence of erosion prior to the dep-

osition of the Cambrian, and similar conditions prevail in New-

foundland. The latter feature is well shown at Manuel’s Brook,

where the Etcheminian is entirely eroded and the Cambrian

rests directly upon feldspathic gneisses, felsites and ash rocks of

the Intermediate or Huronian system. The relation of the Cam-

brian to the Huronian at this place has been shown by Mr. C. D.

Walcott. It corresponds to the conditions in the Kennebecasis

Valiey in New Brunswick, where the basal beds of the Cam-

brain rest directly upon Laurentian rocks, without the interven-

tion of the Etcheminian.

But at Smith Sound in Newfoundland a lower series of Palz-

ozoic rocks, z. ¢., the Etcheminian, separates the Cambrian from

the Huronian. Here as at Manuel’s Brook a conglomerate lies

at the base of the Cambrian, the pebbles however, consist of

fragments of slate and small blocks of limestone, similar in ap-

pearance to a bed of this rock occurring in the Etcheminian

series a few hundred yards to the eastward. The conglomer-

ate also contains lumps and elongated pieces of phosphate of

lime intermingled with the limestone pebbles. The presence of

this mineral, according to the studies of J. G. Andersson and H.

Hedstrom in Sweden, show that beds in which it occurs were

deposited along a shore line, or at least not very far from shore.

PALAOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH CAMBRIAN. 47

In the more easterly basin of the Eopalzozoic sediments on

Smith Sound, the conglomerate at the base of the Cambrian is

in more massive beds, and the fragments are largely small

pebbles of red slate, derived from the Huronian terrane. ‘This

shows beds of such red slate a few hundred yards to the west

of the place of the conglomerate.

The basal conglomerate of the Cambrian may therefore vary

much in composition in the different localities where it has

been recognized. It separates the Cambrian from the Etche-

minian and indicates an emerged area of the latter sediments

when the Cambrian rocks were being formed.

The Section at Smith Sound.—TVhree years ago Mr. J. P.

Howley, the director of the Geological Survey of Newfoundland,

sent to the writer a section of the Cambrian measures on the north

shore of Smith Sound, together with some fossils which he had

collected there and at Random Island on the south side of this

sound. The fossils were found to be mostly of upper Cambrian

age, there being an Olenus related to O. cataractes, Salt., a

Parabolina having affinity with P. spznulosa, Wahl. and a Pro-

topeltura resembling P. acanthura, Brogg. The Paradoxides

zone was indicated by a few other fossils, viz., an Agraulos like

A. holocephalus, Matt., and a Liostracus near L. Ouangondianus,

Hartt. From the same locality came an Acrothele apparently

A. Matthew, Hartt, which might indicate either the Paradoxides

or the Protolenus zone.

The section was of special interest to the author as showing

that below the Paradoxides beds there was a continuous section

of underlying, and not greatly disturbed, measures that gave

promise of older faunas ; in fact, Mr. Howley indicated several

horizons with obscure fossils, and a limestone with Agvaulos

strenuus and Straparollina remota.

The section (Fig. 3) shown in this article is practically Mr.

Howley’s section reduced to one-tenth of his scale, with the dips

preserved as he gave them, but with some data and a classifica-

tion added by the author. By this section it becomes apparent

that in this basin of Paleozoic sediments we have two terranes,

of which the overlying one has a higher dip than that beneath.

Crosses indicate where fossils are found.

Scale 600 feetto I inch.

Fic. 3. Section of Eopaleozoic at Smith Sound, Newfoundland.

MATTHEW.

From the direction of the dips it would ap-

pear that when the Cambrian (the upper)

series was deposited upon the Etcheminian,

these rocks had been tilted in a direction the

opposite of that which now effects them, and

had been eroded chiefly on the landward (west-

ern) side.

If, as the writer has inferred in a previous

part of this paper, the Etcheminian sediments

in the “Atlantic coast” province’ of the

Cambrian sea were in an incoherent state,

erosion would proceed rapidly. The exception

to this rapid destruction would be the lime-

stones, which would have already become con-

solidated, and would supply an abundance of

blocks and boulders to the new terrane.

Besides the limestone bed shown in this

section the eastern basin of Eopalzeozoic rocks

on Smith Sound shows a lower bed of lime-

stone, and as the measures intervening between

‘the limestones in both basins show great

numbers of layers studded with nodular cal-

careous masses, an abundance of material for

building up limestone conglomerates existed

in this eastern part of Newfoundland over

which the Etcheminian terrane was spread.

As a consequence, it happened that while

the deposits of the Protolenian and Paradox-

idian zones were accumulating, every debacle

of a more violent character tore from the land

and spread over the sea-bottom the ruins of

these Etcheminian limestones and nodular de-

posits. As will be seen by the section there

are two such fragmental beds in the Protole-

nus zone and one or more in the Paradox-

ides zone in this basin on Smith Sound,

1U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 81, Pl. I.

PALAOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH CAMBRIAN. 49

and similar deposits occur in the Protolenus zone at Manuel’s

Brook.

It will readily be seen that a careful discrimination must be

exercised in separating the fossils occurring in the limestone

boulders from those that belong to the paste of the conglom-

erate, otherwise the fossils of the Etcheminian terrane will be

accredited to the Cambrian system. This commingling of

species is less likely to mislead in the conglomerates of the Para-

doxides zones, where the paste is usually gray, than in the Pro-

tolenus zone, where it is usually red, and paste and pebble seem

of equal antiquity. Still more misleading are the conditions

when, as is frequently the case, the limestone blocks are imper-

fectly rounded, and seem portions of a limestone paste formed

an siti.

The two Eopaleozoic basins in Smith Sound are separated

by a wide area of strata of the Intermediate (Huronian) series,

chiefly the slates of the ‘“d” division, and the sandstones or

quartzites of the ‘“e” division. The whole of this system was

injected with trap and greatly eroded before the Etcheminian

time. Resting upon these gray beds on their eastern side

is a comparatively narrow band of tough, feldspathic, red (and

greenish), heavy bedded sandstones and slates, which separate

the gray beds from the lowest recognizable Etcheminian ; these

are perhaps a part of “f” of the Intermediate system. They

are mentioned here because their red beds seem to have fur-

nished the numerous fragments of red slate, which, in this basin

of Paleozoics, form the bulk of the basal conglomerate of the

Cambrian part of the deposit. This conglomerate is much

heavier than that of corresponding age in the western basin, and

is exposed for hundreds of yards along the shores of the sound.

It would thus appear that in both basins, at least so far as the

exposures along this shore of the sound give any clue to the

matter, the materials of the basal conglomerate were swept

from the westward into the basins, and were in close proximity

to the place of deposit. |

It is quite possible that the cause which led to the produc-

tion of the basal and interraned conglomerates of the Cambrian

Annals N. Y. Acap. Sct, XIT, April 9, 18€99—5.

10) MATTHEW.

(which in all probability was a disturbance and uplifting of the

earth’s crust) may have operated in a milder way in the earlier

Etcheminian time, and have produced the limestone beds in

Newfoundland, and the flags and conglomerates which in New

Brunswick form the middle part of the terrane. In this view

the limestone beds would mark a shoaling and clearing of the

sea water in this district of eastern Newfoundland while the

pure shale beds, and especially those having layers beset with

calcareous nodules, would mark the deeper water. We suppose

(though their structure has not been investigated) that these

nodules may be due to some sedentary protozoan or to accumu-

lations of errant protozoans, on account of their peculiar growth

and structure, which will be described in a future article.

The limestone beds of the Cambrian, as we have said, are due

to different conditions of accumulation from those of the Etche-

minian. That they are littoral is seen from the abundance of

coarse material which they contain, as well as to the lumps and

grains of phosphate of lime, and the nodules of hematite with

which they abound. At Smith Sound, in the lowest conglom-

erate bed, the former mineral is common; while in the next,

hematite is so plentiful as to form a thin bed of iron ore; a

limestone conglomerate occurs in the Paradoxides zone on this

sound in which the upper boulders are peppered over with parti-

cles of phosphate of lime, as we now often see rocks on the sea-

shore coated with barnacles ; this indicates clear water and quiet

conditions after the boulders were deposited. These little, round

grains of phosphate may have been the moulds of minute

organisms which have fallen to the bottom of the sea and

lodged upon the stones accumulated there.

In conclusion it may be said that we have in the Eopaleozoic

basins of Smith Sound two separate terranes: the Etcheminian

of which the summit and base are not visible, and which con-

tains true limestones, and the Camdrian, of which the limestone

beds are fragmental, and which has a definite base as shown by

the fauna, the structure and the lithological characters.

The Sections at Manuel's Brook.—While waiting in St.

Johns, Newfoundland, for a train to go northward to Smith’s

PALAOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH CAMBRIAN.

Sound, the author took opportunity to spend

a day at Manuel’s and on Conception Bay.

The section in the gorge at Manuel’s Brook

has been so well and so fully described by Mr.

Walcott that the author had no occasion to

seek for other data ; he has, therefore, for com-

parison with the section at Smith Sound, con-

structed the accompanying section (Fig. 4) on

the data given by that author.'

As in the case of the Smith Sound sec-

tion, the difference between the Olenian and

Paradoxidian is arbitrary, but the limit between

the two lower Cambrian zones is fairly well

defined by fossiliferous outcrops. The dip

of the beds as given by Mr. Walcott is 12°.

Here, as at Smith’s Sound, it will be noted

that the Cambrian begins with a conglomer-

ate, but this, in place of resting on the soft

shales of the Etcheminian, as at that place, is

based on Huronian gneisses, felsites and ash

rocks, and from these the pebbles of the

‘conglomerate have been derived. But it

seems highly probable that the ruins of the

Etcheminian are also represented in these

boulder-beds, as Mr. Walcott says that

there are ‘irregular masses of limestone on

and among the boulders of gneiss, forming

the base of the Olenellus zone at Manuel’s

Brook,” and these are said to contain fossils.

There are also certain red slates in the lower

part of the Cambrian here which are similar to

those at the same horizon on Smith Sound, °

but at the latter place the red shales are in

much greater mass.

The correspondence of these two sections is

obvious, as the genus Protolenus is found in

1U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 81, p. 260.

*puv[punojmany “Yoorg s jonuvyy ye uvliquiey jo uoNDeg “FY ‘ONT

“YOUT T 0} 3O9F OOH a[vos

uelpixopeseg

ueluajo20dg

USB. I UROS | 0) petiaes a ment er

52 MATTHEW.

both at the top of the basal conglomerate. It is plain there-

fore, that the Etcheminian terrane was entirely eroded at Man-

uel’s Brook before the first member of the Cambrian was laid

down, though perhaps the harder calcareous masses remained to:

contribute to the boulders in the conglomerate. This is parallel

to the conditions in New Brunswick onthe Kennebecasis River,

except that there are no limestones or remains of them in that.

valley, and the Etcheminian is entirely wanting.

4. The Etcheminian Fauna distinct from the Cambrian.

If there is a break in the geological succession, such as we

have shown by the above sections, there should be some differ-

ences to mark it between the faunas of the two terranes. This.

we find to be the case, and believe the difference to be an im-

portant one.

In the Etcheminian beds the author has found no trilobites,

though other classes of animals, such as Gasteropods, Brachio-

pods and Lamellibranchs, occur, with which trilobites else-

where are usually associated in the Cambrian and later geo-

logical systems; and the absence (or rarity?) of the latter

appears to have special significance, since they are the most

notable fossils of the Cambrian deposits, and serve better than

any other organisms to differentiate the several zones of that.

important system.

The fossils which are most abundant and most characteristic

of the Etcheminian of Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, are shells of

the genera //yolithes and Orthotheca, not distinguishable in size

or general appearance from the usual forms of the Cambrian.

Conical shells resembling Pa/@acmea' are rather common, and

others belonging to the genus Sceze//a. The shells of Gastero-

poda outside of those named above, as well as the Brachiopoda

and Lamellibranchiata, are small, almost minute. We have thus.

far found no Linguloid brachiopod, nor any Acrothele in this ter-

rane, though they are common in the Protolenian zone of the

Cambrian in New Brunswick.

1 Such shells are usually referred to Stezotheca, but, as the author has sno n in

previous publications, this name is not applicable.

PALAZOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH CAMBRIAN. 53

Adding to the Etcheminian fauna of Newfoundland that of

southern New Brunswick we have the following forms (macro-

SCopic) :

Species. Species.

JE OLUGDS fears eooaeeoe sage sotnoon DUN BLA Gy QUULIVCUIELS I pctepae merece a 2

OZTNOTHWEED en een oe AL CLERC TNs Bie NOT NGAI ODIO ae ui I

(QOUVARL, Wis (KAN erccohokbobnataoor TAU ATAMIAD kor abno sho sedans dane Kee I

ADL COP SIS te as ers Meet eh on ac or Mee | PO CCHLCLI A tana Sacre Wa veteny Murer tie 2

ED EDU NB) eibadebengsns naconuse SU EUNICE AOS sec MASON ARO RMNu SN 3

QOD CHE OG TATE CS ie its | MU QOMOMO PSS conc supce sb Adon osu coat I

QOD SE ESS OU Gui Ae ine I | AUOEVSOUCIIOLES | (hia ee enn eect I

COTCOCMES BIR Waa Se NE heen tele I

Coral-like forms (Protozoans), fragments of Cystidians and bur-

rows and trails of marine worms, including Arenicolites and

Psammichnites.

The uniformity of conditions attending the depositions of the

Etcheminian terrane throughout the Atlantic Coast province of

the Cambrian is surprising, and points to a quiescent period of

long continuance during which the Hyolithide and Capulide

developed so as to become the dominant types of the animal

world, while the Brachiopods, the Lamellibranchs and_ the

other Gasteropods still were puny and insignificant. The crus-

tacea so far as we know, were represented only by one Phyllo-

carid and the trilobites so far have not been recognized at all.

Dana has said that “if strata should be found containing no

Trilobites, but only Worms, the lower types of Brachiopods,

Ostracods among the Crustaceans, and other. inferior species, a

place in the Cambrian would properly be made for it.’”’ To the

author it appears that while a place might for convenience be

found in the Cambrian for such a fauna, it would not be ‘‘prop-

erly found,” if we regard its biological significance. To assign

such a fauna to the Cambrian would be to ignore the impor-

tance of the trilobites in distinguishing from each other the sev-

eral life-zones of the Cambrian system; we would not recog-

nize aS Cambrian a varied fauna from which the trilobites

were absent.

1 Manual of Geology, 4th ed., pp. 487-488.

54 MATTHEW.

But the Etcheminian is not sucha fauna as that described

by Dana, for it has the marks of advancement and develop-

ment in it and the dominance of one class over others. The

Hyolithide had at this time reached as high a development

structurally as they ever attained. While not having the

diversity of ornamentation, or varieties of shape which they

afterward exhibited, they had already reached a high standard

as regards their general structure. Gerard Holm, in his stand-

ard memoir on the Hyolithide and Conulariide of Sweden,

divides Hyolithes (sens. strict.) into two great sections, viz :

Equidorsati, in which the boundary between the real dorsal and

ventral sides is at the lateral edge of the shell; and Jlagnidor-

sati in which the real division between these two sides (7. ¢., the

place where the growth-lines change their course) is on the

dorsal. Both of these sections are found among the Hyolithes

of the Etcheminian Fauna. The Hyolithide then were highly

developed in this fauna, and dominated all other forms, burrow-

ing worms excepted, in numbers and size.

5. Extension of the Etcheminian to the Westward.

Having found the physical history of the Etcheminian terrane

so constant and parallel in the two regions of New Brunswick

and Newfoundland, 600 miles apart, I took advantage of an op-

portunity presented to me through the courtesy of Prof. W. O.

Crosby, at the time of the meeting of the American Association

for the Advancement of Science in Boston, to see the shales at

Braintree. Dr. Crosby first showed me the red slates near

Braintree which have been referred to the Olenellus zone, and I

was at once struck by their resemblance to the Etcheminian of

Newfoundland. These slates are said to underlie the trilobite

slates of Braintree, but they are separated from these by a granitic

intrusion ; this granite has so far affected the calcareous masses

found in the red slates that the borders of such bodies are epi-

dotized and the rock has an appearance of greater antiquity than

the red shales and slates of Newfoundland. But there are the

same occasional limestone beds and the same layers beset with

PALAOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH CAMBRIAN. 5D

calcareous nodules, which we have remarked in the Etcheminian

of Smith Sound. As I learn from Dr. Crosby, the fauna found

in these red slates includes many of the types which I have spec-

ified, as characteristic of the Etcheminian fauna, and no trilo-

bites have with certainty been obtained from them. Whether

these red slates are Etcheminian or not, future investigation will

determine, but it may with certainty be affirmed that the con-

ditions of deposition closely resemble those of the Etcheminian

of Newfoundland. Red slates have been studied at Nahant near

Salem, which have yielded Hyolithide and other fossils, and

are probably of the same age as the red slates near Braintree.

The lowest Cambrian zone has not been recognized at this

locality by its characteristic fossils, and the space where it should

occur is occupied by the granitic intrusion above referred to,

but at North Attleborough, some distance to the westward of

Boston, a Cambrian fauna was found some years ago by Messrs.

Shaler and Foerste, and the fauna described by these authors.

As the trilobites all have continuous eyelobes, and the species

Microdiscus bellicinctus is common to this locality and the Proto-

lenus zone in Newfoundland, it is evident that this fauna is

Protolenian. The group of trilobites to which the above Jfcro-

discus belongs, have a series of tubercles along the anterior mar-

ginal fold, which had a functional meaning. Though not

found at St. John, these trilobites are evidently characteristic

of the Protolenus fauna series ; they occur with it at Attlebor-

ough and Conception Bay; but they are also a common con-

stituent of the Cambrian fauna at Troy, N. Y., it seems therefore

highly probable that the Troy fauna in part at least, belongs to

the Protolenus zone, but with considerable variation from the

typical facies. The fauna is found in its integrity only in the

areas over which the Etcheminian fauna is known to be spread.

It is a disappointment to the writer that he has not been able

to find Olenellus (sens. strict.)'in any of the sediments de-

scribed in this paper, which are spread for a thousand miles

along the Atlantic coast of America. This has debarred him from

1As represented in O. Thompsont, Hall, O. Gilberti, Meek,? O. J/ddings?,

Walc. and O. Lapwortht and O. reticulatus, Peach.

56 MATTHEW.

using the name Olenellian for any Cambrian fauna in the At-

lantic region. This region hada physical history different from

that of the interior and the St. Lawrence Valley, from the begin-

ning of the Etcheminian to the middle of the Ordovician, and

had faunas more closely allied to those of Europe, than to the

parts of America to the north and west. ‘This has been sig-

nalized by Dana in his descriptions of the “ Eastern Border

Region,” and stands out distinctly in the earliest Palaeozoic time

—the Etcheminian.

ST. JoHN, N. B., CANADA, Nov., 1858.

{Annais N. Y. Acap. Sci., Vol. XII, No. 3, pp. 57 to 86, April 9, 1899. ]

NEW YORK

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION.

April 19 and 20, 1899.

CATALOGUE

OF EXHIBITS.

NEW YORK

ACADEMY OF. SCIENCES.

1399

Sixth Annual Reception

and Exhibit of

Fees’ ipfO%ess Ii olelice

at the

American Museum of Natural History.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL Io:

RECEPTION TO MEMBERS OF ACADEMY AND INVITED GUESTS,

8-10 P. M.

THURSDAY, APRIL 20:

AFTERNOON EXHIBIT, 3-5 P. M.

EVENING RECEPTION, TO MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC

ALLIANCE, 8-10 P. M.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 61

COMMITTEES.

Honorary Committee of Members.

Miss; GATHERING BRUCE Mrs STH ER HERR MAN®

WME. DODGE, ABRAM S. HEWITT,

(C)ELAURICIES) Je, IBVAIEING, MOKRIS KY JESUP;

Mrs. HENRY DRAPER, CENRIERS EH. SE NE

We EAA VEE ras SVEUNMOTEIE, SILOVAIN

Reception and Exhibition Committee.

HENRY F. OSBORN, GRHAREE Sh COx

CHAS VA. DOKE MUS, (CISUNS, JEy IRIS IONE,

WILLIAM HALLOCK, Chairman.

General Committee.

INATONMY. OS. Ne Bile AKGRe:

ASTRONOMY: J. K. REES.

Horny: CC CURTIS:

CHEMISTRY : CHAS. A. DOREMUS.

ELECTRICInY, > GEO, Fk. SEVER.

ETHNOLOGY AND ARCH#oLocGY: L. FARRAND.

EXPERIMENTAL PsycHoLoGy : CHAS. H. JUDD.

GEOLOGY AND GEoGRAPHY: J. F. KEMP and R. H. CORNISH.

MineraLocy: A. J. MOSES.

PAL#ONTOLOGY: GILBERT van INGEN.

PHoToGRAPHY : CORNELIUS Van BRUNT.

Paysics: © ©. TROWBRIDGE.

ZooLocy : GARY N. CALKINS.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 63

NEW YORK

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64 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS,

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SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 65

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THE SECRETARY,

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TEACHERS COLLEGE, NEw YorRK CITY.

ANNALS N. Y. Acab. Sct, XII, April 9, 1899—5.

66 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY, 1898-9.

President,

HENRY F. OSBORN.

first Vice- President, Second Vice-President,

JAMES F. KEMP. CHAS. L. BRISTOL.

Corresponding Secretary, WILLIAM STRATFORD.

Recording Secretary, RICHARD E. DODGE.

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Editor, GILBERT VAN INGEN.

COUNCILLORS.

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CURATORS.

HARRELSON G. DYAR, GEORGE F. KUNZ,

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FINANCE COMMITTEE.

HENRY DUDLEY, JOHN H. HINTON,

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OFFICERS OF THE SECTIONS.

Section of Astronomy and Physics.

M. I. PUPIN, Chairman. W. S. DAY, Secretary.

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F. S$. LEE, Chairman. F. E. LLOYD, Seexetary.

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CHAS. B. BLISS, Secretary for Anthropology and Psychology.

Subsection of Philology.

L. A. McLOUTH, Chairman. A. V. W. JACKSON, Secretary.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 67

ANATOMY.

In CHARGE OF JOSEPH A. BLAKE.

. MorPHOLOGY OF THE AMPHIBIAN VASCULAR AND VISCERAL

Systems. From the Department of Anatomy, Columbia

University. Exhibited by Prof. George S. Huntington.

DRAWING ILLUSTRATING VARIATIONS OF THE HEPATIC AR-

TERY IN Forty CONSECUTIVE DIssEcTIons. From the

Department of Anatomy, Columbia University. Ex-

hibited by Dr. George E. Brewer.

. SPECIMENS SHOWING TyPEs OF THE HuMAN ILEO-cOLIC JUNC-

TION AND VERMIFORM APPENDIX IN THE ADULT AND

Cuitp. From the Department of Anatomy, Columbia

University. Exhibited by Dr. K. Walton Martin.

. SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATING THE CELLOIDIN CORROSION Mass.

From the Department of Anatomy, Columbia Univer-

sity. Exhibited by Dr. Joseph A. Blake.

. RECONSTRUCTIONS AND DRAWINGS ILLUSTRATING THE STRUC-

TURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOURTH VENTRICLE.

From the Department of Anatomy, Columbia Univer-

sity. Exhibited by Dr. Joseph A. Blake.

. SPECIMENS OF ZOOMETRIC IMPREGNATION Casts. Exhibited

by the Department of Anatomy, Columbia University.

”

ASTRONOMY.

In CHARGE OF JOHN Krom REEs.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF RECENT Work, 1398 AND 1899.

Exhibited by Harvard College Observatory ; E. C.

Pickering, Director. I-21.

1. The Cluster w Centauri, showing 125 variable stars.

2. Light Curves of Variable Stars in w Centauri.

68 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

3. Comparison of the Potsdam and the Harvard Photo-

metric measures of the variable stars U Vulpeculee and

Sle Gyo:

4. Photographic Method of Discovering Variable Stars of

Short Period.

5. Meteors photographed on November 14, 1898, show-

ing radiant point.

6. Distribution of Stars of Type V.

7. Specimens of Stellar Spectra, Types I., 1. 111:

8,7 Specimens of Stellar Spectray Dy pessull iy ave

g. Specimens of Stellar Spectra, peculiar.

10. Method of converting Prismatic into Normal Spectra.

11. Method of converting Prismatic into Normal Spectra.

12. The New Planet Eros (433); Bruce Telescope.

13. The New Planet Eros (433); Bruce Telescope.

14. Path of Eros in 1894, showing positions of images found

on Harvard photographs.

15. The New Star in Sagittarius.

16. New Satellite of Saturn.

17. New 12-inch Horizontal Photometer ; exterior.

18. New 12-inch Horizontal Photometer ; interior.

1g. Ascent of El Misti.

20. Interior of crater of El Misti.

21. Stations on El Misti; elevation 15,700 and 19,200 feet.

Lick OBSERVATORY, CALIFORNIA; James E. Keeler, director.

22. Campbell’s photographs of the total solar eclipse of

January 21.1808, 12

23. Photographs of the Orion Nebula taken with the Cross-

ley reflector.

24. Enlargements of Campbell’s photographs of star spectra.

WARNER AND SWAZEY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.

25. New Model Telescopic gun sights.

26. Sextant.

27. Latest design of 2-inch Alt-Azimuth Telescope.

CoL_uMBIA UNIVERSITY OBSERVATORY ; J. K. Rees, director.

28. Graphical representation of the variation of latitude at

New York City from 1893 to 1899.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 69

29. Photographs of ancient Chinese instruments.

30. Loewy and Puiseaux’s latest enlargements of photo-

graphs of the Moon, taken with the Paris Equatorial

Coude.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE OBSERVATORY STAFF:

Bit

34-

35.

a. Vol. I. Rutherfurd’s Stellar Photographs by Rees,

Jacoby, Davis and Schlesinger.

Astronomical Journal, Nos. 401 and 451, giving “The

Variation of Latitude at New York and a determination

of the constant of aberration from Observations at the

Observatory of Columbia University” by Rees, Jacoby

and Davis.

. Bulletin Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg on “ Pho-

tographic Researches near the Pole of the Heavens,’’

by Jacoby.

. Contributions Nos. 12, 13 and rg from the Observatory

of Columbia University on “ A Catalogue of 65 stars

near Ol Cyeni~ “Whe parallaxes of 61! and 612

Cygni,” and “A catalogue of 34 stars near Bradley

3077,” by Davis.

. Contribution No 15 from Observatory of Columbia Uni-

versity on “The Prasepe Group: Measurement and

Reduction of the Rutherfurd Photographs,” by Frank

Schlesinger.

. Elements of DQ—(433) Eros—with projection of

orbit on ecliptic plane with Mars and Earth.

. Path of pole of axis of Earth’s figure around axis of

rotation. Exhibited by Dr. S. C. Chandler, of Cam-

bridge, Mass.

Glass positives showing spectroscopic proof of iron,

etc., in the Sun. Exhibited by Professor J. S. Ames, :

Johns Hopkins University.

Glass positives showing rotation of the Sun by dis-

placement of lines in spectrum (Doppler principle).

Exhibited by Professor J. S. Ames, of Johns Hopkins

University.

70 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

YERKES OBSERVATORY, UNIVERSITY OF CuIcaco, George E.

Hale, Director.

36. Collection of photographs illustrating the work of the

Observatory staff.

BOTANY.

IN CHARGE-OF C. C. CURTIS.

I. EXHIBIT By THE NEw York BOTANICAL GARDEN.

a. Architect’s designs of the Museum Building and Horti-

cultural Hail now in course of construction.

6. Illustrations of methods of exhibiting specimens in the

Botanical Museum.

c. Photographs of various portions of the Botanical Gar-

den, including Buildings.

2. PUBLICATIONS: OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB AND ITS

MEMBERS.

Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club.

Fern Bulletin.

Plant World.

Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada,

Vol. III. by Professor N. L. Britton and Addison

Brown.

e. Flora of the Upper Susquehanna by W. N. Clute.

#. Monograph of the North American Potentilleze by

P. A. Rydberg.

. @ SOME NEw FERNS FROM MEXICO AND THE SOUTHWESTERN

UNITED STATES.

6. New Funai From MAINE.

Exhibited by Professor L. M. Underwood.

c. COLORED PHOTOGRAPHS OF PERISHABLE FUNGI.

Exhibited by J. A. Anderson.

4. PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATING DISEASES OF PLANTs.

Exhibited by Professor B. D. Halsted.

5. Mosses New To THE EASTERN UNITED STATES.

Exhibited by Mrs. E. G. Britton.

Na fe

WwW

10.

If Je

16.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. Wl

EXAMPLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF NEW HEPATICAE FROM

CALIFORNIA. Exhibited by Dr. M. A. Howe.

SoME INTERESTING MossEs oF NoRTH AMERICA, with ex-

planatory notes. Exhibited by Dr. A. J. Grout.

NeEw GRASSES FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHERN NORTH AMERICA.

Exhibited by G. V. Nash.

STUDIES OF THE ASCLEPIADACEAE AND LEGUMINOSAE OF NorTII

AMERICA.

Exhibited by Miss Anna Murray Vail.

STUDIES IN THE LOCAL FLORA.

Exhibited by EP: Bicknell:

UNDESCRIBED PLANTS OF THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES.

Exhibited by Dr. J: K. Small.

PLANTS NEW TO THE VICINITY OF New York.

Exhibited by W. N. Clute.

PREPARATIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF A PARASITE OF THE

ERYSIPHACE®. Exhibited by D. Griffiths.

STUDIES IN THE Lire History or Spherella lacustris.

Exhibited by T. E. Hazen.

PREPARATIONS AND DRAWINGS, ILLUSTRATING THE EMBRY-

OLOGY OF THE RUBIACE.

Exhibited by Professor Francis E. Lloyd.

-a. SPERMATOGENESIS OF FPel/ia.

6. Fruitinc Trips oF Sargassum.

Exhibited by Dr. W. R. Shaw.

DEVELOPMENT OF Empryo-sac oF Delphinium exaltatum.

Exhibited by Miss L. B. Dunn.

a. EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IRRITANTS UPON CERTAIN FUNGI.

b. FORMALIN AS A PRESERVATIVE OF ALG.

Exhibited by Dr. H. M. Richards.

A SELF-RECORDING AUXANOMETER FOR CLASS DEMONSTRA-

TION. Exhibited by Professor J. C. Arthur.

A CONVENIENT MANOMETER FOR RooT PRESSURE.

Eeanibited by; Dre G2 ©. Curtis:

72 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

CHEMISTRY.

In CHARGE OF CHARLES A. DOREMUS.

1. SPECIMENS OF EFFECT PRODUCED ON METALS BY THE DETO-

NATION OF EXPLOSIVES.

Exhibited by Charles E. Monroe.

2. BASE OF SIX-INCH CARTRIDGE CASE FOUND ON THE DECK OF

THE VISCAYA AFTER THE BATTLE, EXPLODED BY HEAT

OF FIRE.

Exhibited by W. W. Gilmartin, gunner, U. S. Navy.

SoME CHEMICAL Propucts USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF

Exposives. Exhibited by C. W. Volney.

4. APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS FILTRATION AND EXTRACTION.

Exhibited by C. W. Volney.

5. PROGRESS IN ARTISTIC GLass.

Exhibited by Louis C. Tiffany.

6. AN APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF SOLIDS WITH AN

ATTACHMENT FOR THE EXTRACTING ONE LIQuID By AN-

OTHER. Exhibited by Aug. E. Knorr.

7. An APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION OF ARSENIC, ANTIMONY,

SELENIUM AND TIN BY FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION.

Exhibited by Aug. E. Knorr.

8. GUAIACOL.

a. Guaiacolsulphonic acid (crude).

6, Barium Guaiacolsulphonate.

Sodium Guaiacolsulphonate.

d. Acetylguaiacol Sodium sulphonate.

Exhibited by Ludwig H. Reuter.

9. SAMPLES SHOWING THE MANUFACTURE OF PURE LITMUs.

Exhibited by Ludwig H. Reuter.

10. 8 NAPHTALENESULPHONIC ACID AND BENZENESULPHONIC

ACID FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ETHERS AND ESTEE:

Exhibited by Ludwig H. Reuter.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. ee

11. PHENYLDIMETHYLPYRAZOLONE-SULPHONIC ACID (crude).

a. Morphine Phenyldimethylpyrazolonesulphonate.

6. Codeine Phenyldimethylpyrazolonesulphonate.

c. Caffeine Phenyldimethylpyrazolonesulphonate.

d. Quinine Phenyldimethylpyrazolonesulphonate.

e. Barium Phenyldimethylpyrazolonesulphonate.

Exhibited by Ludwig H. Reuter.

12. FIivE SAMPLES SHOWING THE MANUFACTURE OF ACETYL DE-

RIVATIVES OF SULPHONATES OF PHENOLS.

Exhibited by Ludwig H. Reuter.

13. Carsoric Acip (Merk & Co.) REMAINING PERFECTLY WHITE

UNDER USUAL PRECAUTIONS IN KEEPING.

Exhibited by Ludwig H. Reuter.

14. a. HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE SULPHATE.

6, HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE ETHYSULPHATE.

Exhibited by Ludwig H. Reuter.

15. A SERIES OF THE APPROXIMATE CONSTITUENTS OF TRINIDAD

Lake ASPHALT. Exhibited by Clifford Richardson.

16. PHENOLS FROM CALIFORNIA PETROLEUM.

Exhibited by Clifford Richardson.

17. A SOAP CONTAINING 25 TO 30% OF KEROSENE. © Exhibited

by Hermann Poole and Ralph W. Bailey.

a. A soap containing 40% of paraffine oil.

A soap containing 50% paraffine wax.

c. An ointmeat, base Permol, which will not become -

rancid.

d. Various ointments with base Permol.

é. A solid ammonia soap.

Exhibited by Hermann Poole and Ralph W. Bailey.

18. TELLURIUM EXTRACTED BY SUGAR.

a. Raw material.

6. Pure tellurium oxide. Exhibited by Victor Lenker.

1g. COLORIMETER.

Exhibited by Jerome Alexander.

20. APPARATUS FOR TESTING FOR ALUM IN WATER FILTRATION.

Exhibited by C. A. Doremus.

74 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

21. a. PARAFFINE, extracted from commercial oleomargarine.

6. ARTIFICIAL COFFEE BEANS.

Exhibited by Joseph F. Geisler.

ELECTRICITY.

IN CHARGE OF GEORGE F. SEVER.

1. EXHIBIT OF NEW APPARATUS BY QUEEN & Co. THROUGH O. T-

LoulIs.

a. A new complete incandescent lamp Photometer.

6. A sensitive simple D’Arsonval Galvanometer.

_ETHNOLOGY AND ARCHAOLOGY.

In CHARGE OF LIVINGSTON FARRAND.

1. DECORATIONS AND PROPERTY MARKS ON EskIMO HARPOONS.

From the Collection of the American Museum of

Natural History. Exhibited by Franz Boas.

. INDIAN BASKETS FROM WASHINGTON AND BRITISH COLUMBIA,

illustrating the development of conventional designs.

Collected for the Jesup North Pacific Expedition by

Livingston Farrand and James Teit.

. A New Form oF HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING FROM MEXxICco.

Collected for the American Museum of Natural His-

tory by M. H. Saville.

4. Types oF Hanp HAMMERS AND PESTLES FROM THE NORTH

Pacific Coast oF AMERICA. From the collection of

the American Museum of Natural History.

Exhibited by Harlan I. Smith.

5. PHOTOGRAPHS OF ARCHZOLOGICAL SPECIMENS FROM WESTERN

NEw YORK AND SARATOGA COUNTY.

Exhibited by W. L. Hildburgh.

io)

iS)

ios)

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 75

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.

IN CHARGE OF CuHas. H. Jupp.

. New ERGOGRAPHS.

Exhibited by Professor J. McKeen Cattell.

. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF ACCURACY

OF MOVEMENT.

Exhibited by Mr. R. S. Woodworth, Columbia Uni-

versity.

. APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF BINOCULAR RIVALRY.

Exhibited by Mr. B. B. Breese, Columbia University.

. SIMPLE PHOTOMETER FOR MEASURING LIGHT INTENSITIES IN

SCHOOLS.

Exhibited by Mr. G. E. Johnson, New York University.

. CHarts oF Opricar JELUSIONS.

Exhibited by Professor Chas. H. Judd, New York Uni-

versity.

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY.

In CHARGE OF J. F. Kemp anp R. H. Cornisu.

. GEOLOGICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL MopEL ILLUSTRATING THE

YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL Park, prepared for exhibi-

tion at the Paris Exposition in 1900. (Modeled by E.

E. Howell.) Exhibited by U. S. Geological Survey,

Washington, D. C.

. SERIES OF Maps SHOWING THE TOPOGRAPHIC WORK OF THE

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

a. Printed map to show the progress of topographic map-

ping by the survey in the Eastern third of the United

States in 18098. :

6. Hand-colored map of New York State showing prog-

ress in topographic mapping last year.

c. Five wall maps of portions of New York State, in-

76 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

cluding new sheets and old ones, viz:

The new map of New York city, 2’, 9!’ by 3’, 8”’.

ThewLower Hudson 114 3/7 bye sar

The Adirondacks, 4’, 4’ by 5’, 10”.

Syracuse: tor Utica, 15.545 4 Dyan Oe

Theveastern’ end of Wake Ontario 3/13) sbyalOn

Niagara Falls to Rochester, 6’, 6’’ by 2’, 9/”.

3. SERIES OF Maps AND PUBLICATIONS TO SHOW PROGRESS IN

GEOLOGY :

a. The Holyoke, Mass. ; Butte, Mont.; Ten Mile, Colo. ;

Boise, Idaho ; and Nereces, Texas, Folios.

6. Wall maps of the London and Richmond sheets, Ky.

Wall.maps of the Little Belt Mtns. ; Ft. Benton and

Livingston sheets Mont.

Wall maps of Tazewell and Pocahontas sheets, Vir-

ginia.

Wall maps of Fredericksburg and Nomini sheets,

Maryland.

Wall maps of Truckee, Pyramid Park, Big Trees and

Sonora sheets, California.

Wall maps of Holyoke sheets, Massachusetts.

c. Eighteenth Annual Report of the Director of the U.S.

Geological Survey.

ad. Monograph XXVIII. and Atlas.

. Physiographic Folio.

Exhibited by U. S. Geological Survey, C. D. Walcott,

Director.

A. @. RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEvum,

Albany, N. Y.

6. RELIEF Map OF THE EASTERN ADIRONDACKS.

Exhibited by Dr. F. J. H. Merrill, State Geologist of

New York.

5. a VARIOUS CRUDE PETROLEUMS FROM THE East INDIES, Ja-

PAN, ETC.

6. New GeoLtocic Map or WEstT VIRGINIA, prepared by

I. C. White, State Geologist.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. ial

Exhibited by Professor J. J. Stevenson, of New York

University.

6. a. MAP SHOWING THE GEOLOGY OF MARYLAND, SCALE 2’ TO

THE MILE. ;

6. Map showing the relative elevations of Maryland, scale

Zito thesmiile:

c. Map showing the physiographic provinces of Mary-

land @scaley2/ tolthe mile

ad. Map showing the divides and drainage basins of Mary-

lancdseale.24 to) tie mile:

é. Framed chart showing Maryland building and decora-

tive stones. 5

jf. Framed chart showing the physical features of Mary-

land.

Framed chart showing the quarries and quarry areas

of Maryland.

h. Reports of the Maryland Geological Survey.

Exhibited by the Maryland Geological Survey through

Professor W. B. Clark, State Geologist.

7. SERIES OF SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATING THE EFFECT OF MINER-

ALOGICAL COMPOSITION UPON THE FUSIBILITY OF CLAY.

Exhibited by Dr. Heinrich Ries, Cornell University.

8. SERIES OF SPECIMENS OF Rocks, DIAGRAMS, PHOTOGRAPHS

AND ORES, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE NORTHERN BLACK

Hixzs, SourH Daxora. (Paper read before the Acad-

emy, March 20, 1899.)

Exhibited by John D. Irving, Fellow in Geology,

Columbia University.

is)

g. SERIES OF SPECIMENS OF Rocks, ILLUSTRATING THE GEOLOGY

OF SonorA, MEXICO, NOW UNDER INVESTIGATION.

‘Exhibited by Bi P. Hill

10. @. TEN LARGE THIN-SECTIONS OF ADIRONDACK Rocks, ILLus-

TRATING Dynamic METAMORPHISM.

6. SPECIMENS, PLATES AND PHOTOGRAPHS, ILLUSTRATING

THE GEOLOGY OF THE TITANIFEROUS MAGNETITES.

(Paper read before the Academy, February 20, 1899.)

Exhibited by Professor J. F. Kemp.

CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

11. SERIES OF ABRASIVES, NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL, VIZ. COR-

UMDUM FROM ONTARIO, CANADA, SHOOTING CREEK, N.

C., CARBORUNDUM FROM N1rAGaRA Fatts, N. Y.

Exhibited by G. F. Kunz and J. F. Kemp.

MINERALOGY.

In CHARGE OF ALFRED J. MOSEs.

a. Exurspit OF DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY,

Soo Se Sk

AMERICAN Museum Narturav History,.through L. P.

Gratacap.

. Mass of Corundum Rock, Towns Co., Ga.

Fuggerite, Le Salle, Monzoni, Tyrol.

Lorandite, Allchar, Macedonia.

. Herderite (large crystals), Stoneham, Me.

. Epididymite, Greenland.

: Celestites (groups of large crystals), Strontian Island,

Lake Erie.

. Series of English Barites.

1. Parkside, Cumberland, Eng.

Mowbray, Cumberland, Eng.

Dalmellington, Eng.

Frizington, Eng.

I. Pallaflat, Cumberland, Eng.

ae We

. Stilbite, Berufiord, Iceland.

. Apophyllite (geode cavity) Berufiord, Iceland.

. Phacolite, Melbourne, Australia.

Microcline (Baveno Twin), Crystal Peak, Col.

Crocidolite (unaltered, long fiber), Griqua Land, S. A.

m. Fluorite (large elongated cube), Northumberland, Eng.

. Barite on Calcite (large nodular mass), Bad Lands, S.

Dakota.

. Large group of associated Galenite, Sphalerite and

Chalcopyrite, Joplin, Mo.

Stephanite on Pyrite, Grand Prize Mine, Tuscarora,

Elks Co., Nev.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. a8)

Column of Halite (crystallized froma natural solution),

Greatisalt Wake 2 Utah:

r. Smoky Quartz (colossal crystal), Auburn, Me.

s. Smoky Quartz (parallel crystallization), Auburn, Me.

2. EXHIBIT OF DEPARTMENT OF MINERALOGY, CoLUMBIA UNI-

GY Sy So SxS

the

Uw.

VERSITY.

. Goldschmidt’s Two Circle Application Goniometer.

Fuess’s Student Goniometer No. IVa.

. Goldschmidt’s Goniometer Lamp.

. Fuess’s Pyroelectric Apparatus after Kundt.

. Suite of microphotographs showing the figures pro-

duced on crystal faces by means of the etching method.

Prepared by H. P. Whitlock.

Suite of microscope slides showing etching figures on

crystals of Gypsum, Natrolite, Calcite, Rhodochrosite,

Siderite, Apatite, Fluorite, Cerussite, Calamine, Pyrite,

and Biotite. Prepared by H. P. Whitlock.

. Marshite (Copper Iodide) Broken Hill Mines, New

South Wales.

Tocornalite (Silver Mercury Iodide), Broken Hill

Mines, New South Wales.

. Clinohumite, Monte Somma, Vesuvius.

. Chalcotrichite, matted, Old Dominion Mine, Arizona.

. Hessite, large crystal, Botes, Transylvania.

. Alexandrite, large crystal, Emerald Mines, Urals.

. Silver, twinned cubes, Lake Superior.

. Anglesite, large crystal, Wheatley Mine, Penn.

. Ramosite, Ramos, Mexico.

. Olivenite, large crystal, Mark Valley Mine, Cornwall.

Capped quartz, England.

. Coquimbite Crystals, Atacama, Chili.

. Rubellite, Schaitausk, Urals.

. Titanite, twin crystals, Renfrew, Ontario.

Beryl, terminated crystals, Mursinka, Urals.

The specimens and apparatus have been acquired by the

Department during the year. Specimens / to w are from the

CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

collection of Dr. Thomas Egleston, recently presented to the

Department.

3. ERIONITE, DURKEE, OREGON. A New Zeolite, described

and exhibited by Arthur S. Eakle, of Harvard Univer-

sity.

4. @. PHOTOGRAPHS OF MINERAL SPECIMENS REDUCED OR EN-

”)

LARGED, ‘‘ photomicrographs” with society size acces-

sories including lantern slides for lecture illustrations

and prints for book illustrations. | Made by exhibitor.

6. APPARATUS FOR PROJECTING THE EFFECTS OF THE

PASSAGE OF CONVERGENT POLARIZED LiGut, through

crystals practically after the plan given in Wright’s

“Tight”? London. But being made of aluminium it

is so light that it is not disposed to sag, and requires

no supporting bed. Made by exhibitor.

RAKESTRAWS OF SOCIETY SIZE, showing methods of

mounting in special instances.

1. Attwood cells in rakestraws.

2. Cover glass cemented on ground surface of speci-

men.

ACCESSORIES FOR SOCIETY SIZE RAKESTRAWS.

1. Modern Cartoon designed by Roy Hopping.

2. Microscope stage attachment for holding Rake-

straws during examination, designed by James

Walker. Made by William T. Gregg. Exhib-

ited by Wallace Goold Levison.

5. a. Large Quartz Twin from Japan.

IAS

Green Fluorite from New Hampshire.

Unaltered Crocidolite from South Africa.

Uranium Minerals from Colorado.

Thomsonite and Analcite from Colorado.

Recent finds in the Iron Mines North of England.

Allophane from New Mexico.

Recent Finds near Joplin, Missouri.

Exhibited by Geo. L. English & Co.

6. a. Neptunite, Narsasuk, Greenland.

Epididymite, Narsasuk, Greenland.

SIXTH ANNUAL: RECEPTION. 81

Elpidite, Narsasuk, Greenland.

Catapleiite, Narsasuk, Greenland.

Parisite, Narsasuk, Greenland.

Rinkite, Kangerdluarsuk, Greenland.

Steenstrupine, Kangerdluarsuk, Greenland.

Ilvaite, Siorarsuit, Greenland.

z. Aemigmatite, Naryakasik, Greenland.

j. Parisite, Ravalli Co., Montana.

k. Scheelite, Dragoon, Arizona.

/. Scorodite, Tintic District, Utah.

m. White Olivenite, Tintic District, Utah.

nm. Red Olivenite, Tintic District, Utah.

o. Green Olivenite, Tintic District, Utah.

p. Penfieldite, Tintic District, Utah.

. ss SS

Josephinite, Josephine Creek, Josephine Co., Oregon.

Vanadinite, near Bannock City, Montana.

Exhibited by Lazard Cahn.

7. CRYSTALS OF Mica.

Exhibited by Jerame Alexander.

PALEONTOLOGY.

In CHARGE OF GILBERT VAN INGEN.

1. Upper DEVONIAN BRECCIA wiTH Fish Remains DEPOSITED

IN A SUBTERRANEAN CHANNEL IN THE NIAGARA LIME-

STONE. Elmhurst, Illinois. Exhibited by Dr. Stuart

Weller, of the University of Chicago.

2-8. Exhibition from the Department of Vertebrate Palaeon-

tology, American Museum of Natural History. Mainly

the Western Expedition of 18098.

2. Dinosaur Limps.

a. Hind limbs of great Carnivorous Dinosaurs, full-grown

and two-thirds grown.

6. Hind limbs of great Herbivorous Dinosaurs, probably

two stages of growth of Brontosaurus. Exhibited by

Hs Fs @sborn, Curator:

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII, April 10, r899—6.

82 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

3. SKULL AND FEET OF THE PRIMITIVE CARNIVORE, Oxy@na,

WITH A RESTORATION OF THE SKELETON.

Exhibited by J. L. Wortman, Assistant Curator.

4. COMPLETE SKELETON OF A. JURASSIC TURTLE, Compsemys,

FROM THE DINOSAUR BEDS OF WYOMING.

Exhibited by J. L. Wortman, Assistant Curator. Mu-

seum Expedition of 1808.

5. CHART AND SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATING THE ANCESTRY OF THE

Docs AND Raccoons.

Exhibited by J. L. Wortman and W. D. Matthew.

6. New MEMBERS OF THE CAMEL SERIES, FILLING GAPS IN THE

CHAIN OF DESCENT.

Exhibited by J. L. Wortman and W. D. Matthew.

7. NECK AND HinpD Lins oF A GIRAFFE-LIKE CAMEL. JA CASE

OF INEXACT PARALLELISM.

Exhibited by W. D. Matthew.

8. RESTORATIONS OF Extinct ANIMALS OF NORTH AMERICA.

Painted by Charles Knight. Nos. 20-24.

0. Phenacodus primevus, a Condylarth.

Coryphodon testis, an Amblypod—male and female.

Floplophoreus primevus, a Sabre-tooth Cat.

Lrontosaurus, a great Herbivorous Dinosaur.

Telcoceras fossiger, a short-limbed Rhinoceros.

Exhibited by H. F. Osborn, Curator.

9g. PHOTOGRAPHS OF EURYPTERUS SCORPIONIS AND E. BENNETTI

FROM THE WATERLIME GrRoUP OF BUFFALO, N. Y.

Exhibited B. Ky Mixers ButialossN. Ne

by b& NO NY N

Hou sy 1S) Ua

PHYSICS.

In CHARGE OF C. C. TROWBRIDGE; PHOTOGRAPHY, IN CHARGE

OF CORNELIUS VAN Brunt.

I. STREMMATOGRAPH, Third Form, with recording tape, to ob-

tain strains under both rails for high speed trains.

iS)

ISS)

10.

Tiles

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 83

CAMERA FOR DouBLE Exposures of 1-100 to I-1000 of a

second of locomotives and trains as they pass over the

Stremmatograph, and scale-boards for timing exposures.

PHOTOGRAPH OF RUNNING LOCOMOTIVE, exposure 1-500 of a

second, showing position of counterbalance in reference

to the Stremmatograph.

PHOTOGRAPH OF 80 Car TRAIN, 34 of a mile long. Gross

load 3,400 tons.

PHOTOGRAPH OF TRAIN with Goerz five system double Anas-

tigmat.

PHOTOGRAPH OF VENUS AND THE Moon, March 8th, 5:30’A.

M., lens 120 millimeters focus.

4 SHEETS OF TABULATIONS OF STRESSES in 100-Ilb. rails taken

by the First Form of Stremmatograph.

BosTON AND ALBANY ‘‘CONDENSED D1aGRAms’”’ of track, show-

ing reduction in undulations per year from 1881 to

1898.

Nos. 1—8 exhibited by P. H. Dudley.

IMPROVISED STILL for continuous production of distilled

water of extreme purity for general laboratory purposes.

Exhibited by E. H. Loomis. Princeton University.

RESISTANCE VESSEL for electrolytes.

Exhibited by E. H. Loomis. Princeton University.

MODIFICATION OF PFAUNDLER’S CALORIMETER for the meas-

urement of the specific heat of solutions.

Exhibited by W. F. Magie. Princeton University,

STILL FoR Distittinc Meruyt Atcouor (etc.) and deter-

mining its specific gravity without contact with atmos-

phere. Exhibited by E. H. Loomis. Princeton Uni-

versity,

. CROOKE’S TuBE WITH RADIOMETERS to show unequal distri-

bution of gaseous pressure after discharge.

Exhidited by J. E. Moore. Princeton University.

14.

itis

16.

18.

19.

20.

22.

CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

STILL FOR THE PurIFICATION OF WATER for experiments in

conductivity. Exhibited by G. A. Hulett. Princeton

University.

PHOTOGRAPHS OF CuRVES showing conductivities of various

electrolytes and the hydrolysis of stannic chloride.

Exhibited by William Foster, Jr. Princeton Uni-

versity.

Gass PosITIVES comparing metallic and solar spectra.

GLAss Positives showing effect on spectra produced by in-

creased atmospheric pressure on the arc.

Grass Positives showing Zeeman effect in spectra.

Grass Positives showing the displacement of spectrum

lines by the rotation of the sun. Dopplar principle.

Nos. 16-19; taken at John Hopkins University and

exhibited by J. S. AmEs.

MECHANICAL ILLUSTRATION OF KIRCHHOFF’S PRINCIPLE.

Exhibited by W. Hallock.

. THompson DousiLe BribdGE, improved form of, for the

measurement of low resistance, reading directly to

o0.ocoocor ohm. Manufactured by Hartmann and

Braun of Frankfort. Exhibited by H. C. Parker.

REICHSANSTALT STANDARD CLARK CELL.

Exhibited by I-(@> Parker,

. BRIDGE FOR THE COMPARISON OF STANDARD Oxms by the

Carey-Foster Method. Manufactured by Queen &

@or; Exhibited iby, rl 7Gs Parker:

WEHNELT’S ELECTROLYTIC INTERRUPTER, a form of, for in-

duction coils. Exhibited by F. L. Tufts.

. A PLatinum THERMOMETER for the measurement of low

temperatures.

Designed and exhibited be C. C. Trowbridge.

MerTALLic Bopies used in determining the specific heat of

metals at low temperatures. (+ 15° to — 182°C.)

Exhibited by C. C. Trowbridge.

35:

30.

37:

38.

39.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTICN: 85

Hertz WAVE Apparatus. Exhibited by A. E. Lawrence.

. EFFECT OF AN ALTERNATING CURRENT upon the glowing

filament of an incandescent lamp producing nodes and

loops as in Melde’s experiments.

FE xinibiteds my Winn ©. beckham,» Adelphi College,

Brooklyn. -

Mercury Vacuum Pump; new short form, designed by

Boltwood, which requires only 5 lbs. of mercury ; will

exhaust a vessel of one liter capacity to a cathode ray

vacuum in 25 minutes.

. PoLariscopr, new half shade instrument with triple field of

vision, adopted as United States Standard for sugar

polarization.

. COLORIMETER, according to Lovibund. An apparatus for

the recording and comparison of colors.

. JUNKE’S REeapinG Lens for thermometers.

. X-Ray TuseE for 16-inch spark. For induction or static

machine. No platinum used at cathode.

. Grass Prisms, hollow, plates fused together to stand all

acids and alkalies.

New REVERBERATORY SHADE AND CHIMNEY for Welsbach

incandescent light.

Nos. 29 to 35 exhibited by Eimer & Amend.

AUvUDIMETER. Aninstrument for the production of standard

units of sound intensity, and for the establishment of

corresponding units of sensitiveness and defectiveness

of hearing. Exhibited by Alfred G. Compton.

ELECTRICAL INTERRUPTER for Helmholtz’s acoustic appar-

atus and other uses. Exhibited by Alfred G. Compton.

Focusinc Arc Lamp. Exhibited by Alfred G. Compton.

a. CHROMO-PHOTOGRAPHS on paper, of life scenes, instantan-

eous.

b. Stereoscopic views on glass.

Exhibited by Charles L. A. Brasseur.

86 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

ZOOLOGY.

In CHARGE oF Gary N. CALKINS.

1. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE Nite Fauna. From coliection made

by the Senff Zodlogical Expedition of 1898, to the

Nile. Exhibited by N. R. Harrington.

a. Mormyrus oxyrhynchus.

b. Malapterurus electricus. The “ electric fish.”

c. Polypterus bishir. The special object of the Expedi-

tion.

d. Various vertebrates and invertebrates from the Nile

and the Red Sea.

FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FAUNA OF BERMUDA.

From collection made in the summer of 1898 by the

New York University Alumni Expedition.

Exhibited by C. L. Bristol.

3. ILLUSTRATIONS OF BirD Hapits. °

Exhibited by Frank M. Chapman. !

a. Nesting Habits of the Brown Pelican. Collected by

F. M. Chapman on Pelican Island, Florida. Mounted

by, EH Smith:

6. Photographs of Birds in Nature. Photographed by

F. M. Chapman.

4. THE PLUMAGES OF CERTAIN PASSERINE Brirps oF NEW

York, illustrating the changes produced by Moult and

by Wear. Exhibited by Jonathan Dwight, Jr.

a. Bobolink. fj. Gold Finch.

6. Cowbird. g. Scarlet Tanager.

c. Red-winged Blackbird. /. Black-Yellow Warbler.

ad. Meadow Lark. z. Red-stark.

é. Purple Finch.

5. a DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE STONE CAT, JVoturus

gyrinus.

6. A FREE-LIVING TunicaTE, Dololum. -

Exhibited by F. B. Sumner.

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 87

6. a. BoRN Wax-PLaTeE MODEL OF THE CRANIUM AND JAWS

OF THE LARVAL CHIM#ROID, H/ydrolagus collier.

6. SEGMENTATION STAGES OF THE HaG-Fisu, /dellostoma

stoutia. Exhibited by Bashford Dean.

7, PREPARATIONS ILLUSTRATING RECENT NEUROLOGICAL METH-

ops. Exhibited by O. S. Strong.

8. PREPARATIONS ILLUSTRATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPER-

MATOZOA IN THE CRUSTACEA.

Exhibited by M. Bunting.

Q. PREPARATIONS ILLUSTRATING THE EVOLUTION OF THE Kary-

OKINETIC FicurE. Exhibited by G. N. Calkins.

10. PREPARATIONS ILLUSTRATING THE MATURATION AND FERTI-

LIZATION OF AN ASCIDIAN.

Exhibited by H. E. Crampton, Jr.

II. PREPARATIONS ILLUSTRATING CERTAIN STAGES IN THE Ma-

TURATION AND FERTILIZATION OF A SNAIL, Limuea

elodes. “Exhibited by H. R. Linville.

12. PREPARATIONS ILLUSTRATING fORMATION AND DIVISION OF

AN ABNORMAL TETRAD IN THE SPERMATOGENESIS OF

Various HEmMIPTERA. Exhibited by F. C. Paulmier.

13. @ PREPARATIONS SHOWING A METHOD oF HISTOLOGICAL

AND CyTOLoGICcAL TECHNIK.

6. DEMONSTRATION OF THE BREATHING APPARATUS OF

FISHES.

Exhibited by Ulric Dahlgren, of Princeton University.

CATALOGUE OF

EXHIBITS.

INDEX OF EXHIBITORS.

NAME,

Mexandernm|cc eee

NTIMES WANs MS tit Se eect tyres ee eee

AWOGKEOI, ov Je\us.ob3eacgsacue

Arthur,

Bailey wa Veiaeran = a aes

Ibrekmelll ak. iey s..anee eres

Blakesley (Anes ee eee

OAS web ramiZaesere ca aa aeose

Botanicals Gardent.fa. 20-5.

iBrasseur Ces AL reenter

Bre Wer Gc i.e ave wets

BItSESE; 18 Mogumseewmesnaesec

IB TIStO MGI eee ake uae

Britton plnG se peeks

BmutOmaNe gle: cen seen ee

Bumatimeee ND yet aaa. cee ance

Calmealeazandit: sracnsctn se

GalikimGunGeiNge sno seen

@attell ane MG ee.

ChandlennsutGs ew es

Ghapmians bei oon) i.

@latkea Web etree.

GlntemWiwiNiteecheecn eet cae

Compton WA Geese...

Crampton}: (E35 |ir-...

Curtis heats ee eee

Name. PaGE

DoremussCeA ne ee eee Ae

Dudley, Rese: ice. weer 83

Dnin Sea icer ores eee if

Dwiehe oe reese 86

Hakle A eOne ic. <sacen neem 80

ing lishije Giese ee cee ee 80

Bimer and Amend ......... 85

Be Sng 2000 il Decent ne eae A 74

Booster Wes eps eceeerre 84

Geislerss ae eee 74

Geological Survey, U.S... 75, 76

Galmantin Wil Wica eee 72

Gratacap wis Po eee 78

Grout, Asie. Scene 71

Griffiths.) eater eee i

Elalle; G.cali sa ee eee 70

| etaloek;. Wiens es cee ocean 84

Halsted: ia. g Deer Ne 70

clanrimg tom, Ne Reese 86

eave: cle. Hie Sete eee 71

Hild burot Wise eee 74

IDSC bees kee ea Tan 77

Howe wMicAy Sa 71

Etulett (Ga Asa= sapere 84

Huntington, (Gases 67

Irvine [2 (De ace. cece 77

SIXTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 89

Name. PAGE. Name. PAGE.

WACO, Ee ic eves woot Goi Oueeny Sj Comore eases 74

fohnnson Gal bac... nesses 75 |

ee ee To Reee. |e Ke 68, 69

INGHCIg, Ths Tae eh eadeeHeene Ay nes

eclen vals Wisp eanan sansa a OSilsRacharcd saplings ie eye 71

[SOM Oye [rtd he ee aenmictae FG). W]e) || INseloeinolyores, (Coosbbonopopaoe 73

Iinyoraey Jao dpe Geodeduahe asec TOR WIRES ey lanai renee aac eNs WG

Kerns Ga Wateaed ot Pen 78

Saville sisal case cece act 74

Wawmence Au Hy setaeeelcce = Se | Siolalleswtayersye, | IPs ccobodaodcedus 69

WevisomseWerGeeces. SOS mawin VV uN aan ae 71

Wenlker veer snnce eens Gigi Saal iit (od SMe eee bs ates aa

ILphanmillllos ISls INS 3 cane ansandee SF INN. Ith Valea hac onsunsede 86

IBloydialss ee eee Prin) Suiithy yElemle eee 74

IL@oras,, 1th, le loncoseasosbedse SB SteVeENSONe ial ssnoussee AG

Wowiss sO a econ reisiadorner. (Ole. Sis easeedosondsaes 87

Summer: Heme: ese 86

Westie We ie 83 Swazey, & Warnet.......... 68

TM Pavitt ICD AN Ness ence 67

Matthew We Di ease. ese. SPI TA Sas [em aa igs ae SONA eas 74

Ngan 86 No TEL, cobcanoseec ho) | alisittramiyy aul tees es 72

IME isco tran 82 Torrey Botanical Club..... 70

WMioninos, (Go lbs ssegousesuence 2 | Treonylovevelae, (Co Cac soneoce 84

MIO CIS, Ile Beacocpereocascebs POR abuatse: Ie ene a. 84

Nas GY Tevet Nia wet 71

Whollinysnve AC NS ea anaes ee 72

@sbornyhies hans een teas 81, 82

NValcott. CD ye ie 76

eamlce rer bles © Vase tear: 84| Warner & Swazey..........- 68

Ranullmavena has Ohne: huni. S74 MVM eit (Ss sae SOL Au Eee e 81

ReckdnaimncWriG2 ease. sae. iis | Waites IEA Coe coeeiek Bae Benas er 76

Ricker. pCi seven a: OF Wioodworxt hiya) Sy eanic. 2: 75

RoOolesn Tia yes cee une cane FS NVOTEIMAAT lisa Mesos. cc. 82

[AnnaLs N. Y. Acap. Sct., Vol. XII, No. 4, pp. 91 to 102, July 7, 1899].

SOMESE EAU Ss. Oky irr DRIEie ON) Si AEN

ISIE JEUNID) INS © 4

ARTHUR HOLLICK.

(Read October 17, 1898.)

[ Plate I.]

CONTENTS.

PaGE.

Mmtrod uc tromlersaciucn cae ssineccee sei sa cost meee ocnae en senetn euep ane ashe Sure gI

Ceneraleceolooicaliconditionsyer. sansercsecce sce sesesseoce cesses gl

Permiunvalesmoraimeesshss. cee sec asus sicteleuresiecoset aublenwoaraccisnisniianumelaces 92

Harnlienedescnip tons eaase-casasesmactceneen cceccicceaneice see meaneas g2

Kocationkandvextemtiy Wrasccvescer enon uscastenssmeenccuiecesionestnr 93

SEnUCtuUTe ns cee daitenoanialsa nie vetio nce eeerame ech Sen aee nn ealaica ecu remal ets 93

Charactemotsthesmatenialeaspe-renerrecere cent -eecee cee eeeeaceeee 94

GiStsKohfossil seen acta sacma cen ork ae caisisnnien cian tialeuentusecnmeketmaace 94

sal 2OZO1 CHAE EE aaneee cals taniciee seas sacs aereers misbere cls wal 94

Wie MieSOZOICe acd acnasaiatenc enced stacmuceneds sesieseece tes 98

Summanyeandy Conclusionseerescscerece tee eee eee eee eee 99

INTRODUCTION:

GENERAL GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS.

In order that the full significance of many of the features of

the drift on Staten Island may be appreciated it is necessary

to have at least a fair idea of the general geological conditions

which prevail there. Topographically the island may be

roughly divided into a hill region at the north and east and a

plain region at the south and west. The hill region is limited

on the east and south by a ridge of serpentine, which extends

from the point nearest to New York City, at New Brighton, to

(91)

[Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII, July 7, 1899—7. ]

92 HOLLICK.

about the center of the island, at Richmond. The eastern and

southern border of this ridge is abrupt, in places forming a

steep escarpment and reaching a maximum elevation of 380

feet, at a point distant about a mile from the border. From

the summit of the ridge to the north and west the surface is an

irregular slope to tide water at the shores of the kills, which

separate the island from the adjoining mainland. A low trap

ridge is the only other well-defined rock exposure in this re-

gion. The plain region comprises the remainder of the island.

It is an isolated portion of the Atlantic coastal plain, over the

greater part of which is spread a series of morainal hills with a

maximum elevation of 175 feet. The underlying strata are

Cretaceous. Almost the entire area of the island is covered by

boulders, till or modified drift.

TERMINAL MORAINE.

EARLIER DESCRIPTIONS.

Probably the earliest published account of the drift on Staten

Island is ina communication from Mr. James Pierce, to the

editor of the American Journal of Science, in 1818. In this he

says: ‘‘ Large beds of water-worn siliceous pebbles, in no way

differing from those washed by the ocean, are seen on the

height of the ridge, in which excavations have been made sev-

eral feet, leaving the depth of the mass uncertain. * * * Adja-

cent to Fort Tompkins, detached pieces of copper ore have

been found. I have observed petrifactions of marine shells

in rocks excavated in that neighborhood, twenty feet from the

surface and sixty above the ocean.”

In 1838 Mr. W. W. Mather’s preliminary report on the geol-

ogy of New York was issued, in which he mentions the occur-

rence of fossiliferous boulders on Staten Island, as follows: ‘‘A

boulder of limestone filled with fossil shells, and similar to that

of Becroft’s Mountain, near Hudson, was dug from a well at a

considerable depth. A boulder of siliceous limestone, like one

of the strata of the Helderberg, containing fossils, was dug from

another well on Staten Island. * * * I found a small boulder

STATEN ISLAND DRIFT. 93

of decomposed rock, on the shore near the southwest lighthouse,

filled with fossil remains similar to those of the middle lime-

stone of Becroft’s Mountain, Columbia county.”

In his final report in 1843, he frequently refers to features of

the drift on the island, noting among other facts that the soil is

largely colored red by reason of the quantity of red sandstone

contained in it.

In 1881 Dr. N. L. Britton read two papers on the geology

of the island, before the Academy, in which the general features

of the drift were discussed and the terminal moraine was. de-

scribed and mapped. (Annals, ii, 161-182; pls. xv, xvi.

Transactions, 1, 56, 57.)

During the same year the Natural Science Association of

Staten Island was organized, thus providing a medium for the

recording of local notes and the preservation of local specimens,

and it is largely upon these notes, scattered through its Proceed-

ings, and the specimens contained in its museum, that the pres-

ent paper is based.

LOCATION AND EXTENT.

The terminal moraine extends through the island in an irreg-

ular line, from Fort Wadsworth, at the Narrows, to Tottenville,

opposite Perth Amboy, N. J. It reaches tide-water at these

localities and also near Great Kills, between which point and

Prince’s Bay it formerly extended beyond what is now the shore

line. Only two limited areas are driftless. One of these, about

7% square miles in area, is in the sinus where the moraine

bends northward and rests upon the serpentine ridge, in the

vicinity of New Dorp; the ofher is a similar, smaller area, in the

vicinity of Tottenville.

STRUCTURE.

Where the moraine rests upon the serpentine ridge it presents

but few features that are especially striking, consisting entirely of

boulder till, gravel and occasional deposits of clay, varying in

depth from a mere layer of scattered boulders to accumulations

eighty feet in thickness.

94 HOLLICK.

Throughout the plain region, however, it is invariably found.

to consist of a core of contorted Cretaceous clays and Tertiary

gravels, on top of which is the true morainal material. This.

structure is the same throughout Long Island, Block Island

and Martha’s Vineyard and is manifestly the result of ice ac-

tion, first squeezing upward and pushing forward the incoherent

strata of the coastal plain, afterwards melting and depositing the

glacial debris on the ridge thus formed.

CHARACTER OF THE MATERIAL.

The morainal constituents comprise practically all rocks which

outcrop between Staten Island and the Adirondacks. The

boulders most abundantly represented are of diabase, evidently

derived from the Newark system of New Jersey, while the bulk

of the finer material which enters into the composition of the

till is Triassic shale or sandstone, giving to it a prevailing red

color. A large number of other boulders have been more or

less definitely identified from their lithological characters, but by’

far the most satisfactory determinations have been made from

those in which fossils were found.

Lists oF FossI Ls.

Two lists of these fossils have been prepared. The first con-

tains 112 Paleozoic species, the second 42 Mesozoic species.

I. Pat#ozoic FossIts FOUND IN THE DRIFT ON STATEN ISLAND.

|) 4. aGROLOGICAT Mam

NAME. HORIZON. | LOCALITY.

1. | Ambonychia radiata Hall. | Hudson(Lorraine) Kreischerville.

2. | Anoplia nucleata (Hall). | Oriskany. | Clifton.

3. | Anoplotheca concava (Hall). | Lower Helderberg. | Clifton.

vil | Gb flabellites (Hall). | Oriskany. | Se

5. | Aspidocrinus scutelliformis Hall. | Lower Helderberg. Prince’s Bay.

Go loktarareionlana inn | § Schoharie. | Prince’s Bay.

fail YP ; _ \ Lower Helderberg.| New Brighton.

he UG cs impressa Hall. | Schoharie. | New Brighton.

8. | Atrypina imbricata Hall. Lower Helderberg.) Clifton.

g. | Aviculopecten recticostus Hall. Oriskany. | Clifton.

oO.

Lal

Ss umbonatus Hall. | Lower Helderberg.) Prince’s Bay.

I. Patzasozoic FossILts FOUND IN THE DRIFT ON STATEN ISLAND.

STATEN ISLAND DRIFT.

( Continued.)

NAME, | seotosicat rocatity.

II. | Chonophyllum conatum Hall. Schoharie. New Brighton.

12. | Chonostrophia complanata Hall. Oriskany. Clifton.

13. | Conocardium attenuatum Conr. Schoharie. New Brighton.

14. | Cryptopora mirabilis Nicholson. Schoharie. New Brighton.

15. | Cyathophyllum rugosum Ed. & H. Schoharie. New Brighton.

16. | Cyrtina rostrata Hall. Oriskany. Prince’s Bay.

17. | Cyrtolites (?) curvilineatus Conr. Schoharie. New Brighton.

18. | Cyrtoceras eugenium Hall. Schoharie. New Brighton.

Ig. | Cystiphyllum sp.? Schoharie. | Prince’s Bay.

20. | Dalmanella sub-carinata Hall. Lower Helderberg.| Clifton.

Pike ag concinna Hall. Lower Helderberg | Clifton.

| ( Tottenville.

| | [ Richmond Valley.

22. Gs testudinaria (Dalm. ). | Hudson (Lorraine) { Prince’s Bay.

Rossville.

‘ | Re Brighton.

23. | Dalmanites anchiops Green. Schoharie. | New Brighton.

24. | Dalmanites micrurus Green. Lower Helderberg. Clifton.

25. cis nasutus Conr. | Lower Helderberg.) New Brighton.

20. 86 pleuroptyx Green. | Lower Helderberg.) Clifton.

27. | Dictyonema fenestratum Hall. Upper Helderberg.) Clifton.

28. | Eatonia medialis Vanux. | Lower Helderberg.) Clifton.

29. <¢ peculiaris Conr. Oriskany. | ae Bay:

30. | Fayosites emmonsii Rom. Schoharie. New Brighton.

31. | Fenestella zsyle Hall. (?) Lower Helderberg.) Prince’s Bay.

Bz 6G biserialis Hall. | Lower Helderberg.) Clifton.

33. a nervia Hall. | Lower Helderberg. Nee Bact

34. GG obliqua Hall. Lower Helderberg.) Clifton.

35. GG parallela Hall. Schoharie. Prince’s Bay.

36. us precursor Hall. | Lower Helderberg., New Brighton.

37. | Fistulipora sp.? _ Lower Helderberg.) Tottenville.

38. | Gosseletia mytilimera Conr. | Lower Helderberg. Clifton.

39. | Heliophyllum exiguum Billings. | Schoharie. | New Brighton.

40. | Hipparionyx proximus Vanux. Oriskany. Clifton.

| ( Schoharie. Prince’s Bay.

41. | Lepteena rhomboidalis Wahl. LowerElelderberg. Ay ieee

42. | Leptzenisca concava Hall. Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay.

43. | Lichas bigsbyi Hall (?) Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay.

4A. «¢ pustulosus Hall. Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay.

45. | Lichenalia concentrica Hall. Schoharie. New Brighton.

46. ae sp.? Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay.

47. | Lingula rectilatera Hall. Lower Helderberg. | Huguenot.

48. | Megambonia sp.? | Oriskany. Tottenville.

49. | Meristella arcuata Hall. Lower Helderberg. Neen

50. ef bella Hall. Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay. —

HOLLICK.

I. Pat#ozoic FossILs FOUND IN THE DRIFT ON

STATEN ISLAND.

( Continued. )

= —— —— = = ae ee ip —

= GEOLOGICAL

NAME. | See LOCALITY.

51. | Meristella lata Hall. | Oriskany. Prince’s Bay.

52. « nasuta Conr. Schoharie. Prince’s Bay.

53- | Metaplasia pyxidata Hall. | Oriskany. Clifton.

54. | Nucleospira concinna Hall. | Schoharie. Prince’s Bay.

55- | Orthoceras pelops Hall. | Schoharie. New Brighton.

56. | Orthodesma parallelum Hall. | Hudson (Lorraine).| Kreischerville.

57- | Orthothetes woolworthanus Hall. Lower Helderberg. Clifton.

58. | Pentamerella arata Conr. Schoharie. New Brighton.

59. | Phacops cristatus Hall. Schoharie. Piince’s Bay.

60. us logani Hall. Lower Helderberg. | Clifton.

61. | Phillipsastrea verneuilii Ed. & H. Schoharie. New Brighton.

62. | Pholidops arenaria Hall. | Oriskany. ee

oa: f Clifton.

63. | Platyceras nodosum Conr. | Oriskany. py Tetras Ts

64. | Platyostoma ventricosum Hall. | Oriskany. Clifton.

: : | es jaja Clutton:

65. | Plectambonites sericeus (Sow. ). | Hudson ( Lorraine). | { Reseailes

66. | Proétus crassimarginatus Hall. | Schoharie. New Brighton.

67. |. Pterinea communis Hall. | Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay.

a Q es cote _§ Prince’s Bay.

68. gebhardi Hall. | Oriskany. | Clifton.

a6 : Clifton.

66 : S | x |

609. — textilis Hall. | Oriskany. |\ Tottenville.

70. | Pterinopecten bellulus Hall. | Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay.

71. | Ptilodyctia tenuis Hall. | Lower Helderberg. | Clifton.

72. | Rafinesquina alternata Emmons. | Hudson (Lorraine). Prince’s Bay.

73. | Rensseleeria mutabilis Hall. _ Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay.

OE : lieraeee nee Prince’s Bay.

74. ovoides Eaton. | Oriskany. Clifton.

lee Ieee : | ( Prince’s Bay.

75. | Rhipidomella alsa Hall. | Schoharie. | New Brighton.

76. ce eminens Hall. Lower Helderberg. | Prince’s Bay.

e | ; F Prince’s Bay

Cloke oblata Hall. Lower Helderberg. | New Brighton.

78. és peloris Hall. | Schoharie. New Brighton.

79. | Rhychonella multistriata Hall. | Oriskany. | New Brighton.

80. te sp.? | Schoharie. | New Brighton.

81. | GG sp.? | Lower Helderberg. | New Brighton.

82. | Schizophoria multistriata Vanux. | Lower Helderberg. | Clifton.

| | | ( Tottenville.

83. | Scolithus linearis Hall. | Potsdam. |< Prince’s Bay.

| | (Clifton.

84. | Spirifer arenosus Conr. | Oriskany. | es

| | ( Tottenville.

| | _| Prince’s Bay.

85. ‘¢ arrectus Hall. | Oriskany. 4 New Dorp.

| | | Clifton.

| | Old Place.

STATEN ISLAND DRIFT.

I. Pat#ozoic FossiILs FOUND IN THE DRIFT ON STATEN ISLAND.

(Continued ).

NAME.

GEOLOGICAL

HORIZON.

LOCALITY.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

gl.

92.

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

99.

100.

Iol.

102.

103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

IIo.

Ill.

112.

lesen: 3

| Spirifer concinnus Hall.

cyclopterus Hall.

macropleurus Conr,

‘* mucronatus Conr.

‘¢ perlamellosus Hall.

Streptelasma strictum Hall,

| Stropheodonta beckii Hall.

demissa Conr.

inzequiradiata Hall.

magnifica Hall,

parva Hall.

perplana Conr.

varistriata Conr. (?)

cic arata Hall.

Strophonella ampla Hall.

ot headleyana Conr.

punctulifera (Conr. )

radiata ( Vanux. )

| sp.?

Syringopora hisingeri Billings.

Taonurus cauda galli ( Vanux. )

Tentaculites gyracanthus (Eaton. )

Trematopora corticosa Hall.

| es regularis Hall.

| rhombifera Hall.

‘Trematospira concava Hall.

Uncinulus nobilis Hall.

Lower Helderberg.

_ Lower Helderberg

Lower Helderberg.

| Lower Helderberg.

Hamilton.

Lower Helderberg.

| Lower Helderberg

Schoharie.

| Schoharie.

Oriskany.

| Schoharie.

Lower Helderberg.

Schoharie.

| Lower Helderberg.

Lower Helderberg

Lower Helderberg. |

| Lower Helderberg. |

| Schoharie.

Schoharie.

Lower Helderberg. |

Lower Helderberg.

| Lower Helderberg. |

| Lower Helderberg.

Prince’s Bay.

{ Prince’s Bay.

Z| 1 New Brighton.

{ New Brighton.

\ Clifton.

New Brighton.

{ Richmond.

| New Brighton

| \ Clifton.

| New brighton.

| ( Prince’s Bay.

. | 4 Huguenot.

| Clifton.

| New Brighton.

| ( Prince’s Bay.

| | New Brighton.

| f Tottenville.

| (Clifton.

| New Brighton.

New Brighton.

Prince’s Bay.

New Brighton.

Huguenot.

Tottenville.

Clifton.

New Brighton.

¢ Tottenville.

\ Clifton.

Tottenville.

New Brighton.

Clifton.

New Brighton.

Clifton.

NoTre.—The identifications in this list were all either made or verified by Professor

R. P. Whitfield and Mr. L. P. Gratacap, of the American Museum of Natural History.

For the final revision I am indebted to Mr. Gilbert van Ingen of Columbia Un versity.

II. Mesozoic FossILs FOUND IN THE DRIFT ON STATEN ISLAND.

| NAME. Fea acon LOCALITY.

I. | Equisetum rogersi Schimp (?) Triassic. Clifton.

2. | Andromeda parlatorii Heer. Cretaceous (Clay Series.) Tottenville.

3. | Aralia rotundiloba Newb. (?) a se us e¢

4. | Dalbergia hyperborea Heer. of oe GG os

5. | Dammara borealis Heer. (?) oc OG “e i

6. | Dewalquea groenlandica Heer. CG 6G G6 GC

7. | Diospyros primeeva Heer. ef of fe ee

8. | Eucalyptus geinitzi Heer. a of GG i

g. | Ficus atavina Heer. (?) | oe oe os af

10. ‘¢ proteoides Knowlton. ue RG ae is

Il. *¢ woolsoni Newb. (?) Gd OG 66 es

12. | Hedera sp. ? | a oe GG OH

13. | Laurus’plutonia Heer. | ii: SC ce gs

14. | Liriodendron primzevum Newb. Rese ab il se

ae mee Ff * : Tottenville.

I5. ESR ENERO DI simplex Newb. : Prince’s Bay.

16. | Magnolia glaucoides Newb. | BE SG aC Tottenville.

17. “s longifolia Newb. (?) | 6G a Ge) OC

See, | 5 ’

18. | Moriconia cyclotoxon Deb. and Ett. | Ks us ee ae Ee

19. | Myrica longa Heer. el aC «¢ | Clifton.

20. | Myrsine elongata Newb. es BG Gavel | a

21. | Paliurus sp. ? Bs ee cc | Dottenvalle:

22. | Pinus sp. ? (cone and cone scales). | es se can | cca

23. | Platanus newberryana Heer (?) ss ue «6 Prince’s Bay.

24. | Populus apiculata Newb. (?) a 6 GG Clifton.

25. | ‘« harkeriana Lesq. | ss as Ge Tottenville.

26. | Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer. | ss a es a

27. | Pterospermites modestus Lesq. RE a “ Tottenville.

28. | Rhamnus pfaffiana Heer. es a CN (joecass

rince’s Bay.

29. | Salix inaequalis Newb. a og cee Clittons

30. | Sapindus morrisoni Lesq. « GG 6G Pee ake

31. | Sequoia reichenbachi Gein. | ss Ot “| Tottenville.

32. | Sterculia snowii Lesq. (?) 96 OG ke Ke

23. “ec sp. ? 6“ “ce co | ce

34. | Thinnfeldia lesquereuxiana Heer | cc OG $6 | oes

; f | | \ Prince’s Bay.

35. | Tricalycites papyraceus Newb. | se 6 a Tottenville.

: | ‘¢ (Marl Series).

36. | Aphrodina tippana Conr. (?) | 36 80 co pe Clittons

37. | Cardium dumosum Conr. | 9 ef a of

38. | Gryphezea sp. ? | uc a EOS ie BG

39. | Ostrea plumosa Morton (?) | BG GG 3G BC

40. | Pachycardium burlingtonense Whitf. | aie OC uC Tottenville.

41. | Terebratella vanuxemi Lyell & Forbes. ce GG GG | ‘

6c 6 | 6c

42. | Terebratulina atlantica Morton (?)

Nore,—In the preparation of this list I am indebted to Dr. Lester F. Ward of the’

United States Geological Survey, for verifications of doubtful species of plants and to Pro-

fessor Whitfield for identification of the molluscs. All the species enumerated in the two

lists, together with many others not yet identified, are in the museum of the Natural Science

Association of Staten Island.

A number of species first described from Staten Island specimens are not included

for the reason that the geological age of such species might be questioned. (98)

STATEN ISLAND DRIFT. 99

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.

There are but few rock outcrops on the island sufficiently

hard to preserve the glacial striz, but from the few that are

available the direction has been ascertained to be between north

13 degrees west and north 20 degrees west, which, if extended

northward, may be seen to cross the known outcrops of the

rocks represented in the list.

Satisfactory lithological identifications have also been made of

labradorite and other crystalline boulders, which would extend

the geographic and geologic range of the morainal material at

one extremity into the Archean of the Adirondack region and

of sandstone, conglomerate and gravel which would extend it at

the other extremity into the Tertiary of the coastal plain. If

the lists alone are examined, however, it may be seen that in the

Paleozoic the range of the fossils is from the Potsdam to the

Hamilton while in the Mesozoic there is represented the Trias

and the middle and upper Cretaceous.

There are, therefore, two breaks—the first between the Ham-

ilton and the Trias, the second between the Trias and the middle

Cretaceous. Indications of either Carboniferous or Jurassic rocks

are entirely lacking, which is in accordance with our knowledge

in regard to the absence of any rocks of these periods along

‘the line of glacial movement towards Staten Island.

Probably one of the most interesting facts which may be

noted, from an examination of the list of localities, is that the

Cretaceous fossils are confined to those parts of the moraine

which lie south of the serpentine ridge. Tottenville and

Prince’s Bay are the two localities at one extremity of the

island where they occur, while Clifton is the one locality at the

other. Between these two extremities they are absent, and the

natural conclusion to be drawn from this fact is that there was

never any Cretaceous extending around to the north of the

serpentine ridge, otherwise some evidence or at least indications

of it ought to occur in that portion of the moraine which rests

upon the ridge, but thus far not a fragment of a fossil or piece

100 HOLLICK.

of rock, which could be even provisionally identified as Cre-

taceous in age, has been found there.

The character of this Cretaceous material is identical with that

which is found in connection with the moraine throughout Long

Island and the islands to the eastward, consisting of ferruginous

shaly fragments, or concretionary nodules of hardened clay or

marl, due to oxidation of the included iron salts or to the forma-

tion of limonite layers over the exterior. The lithologic char-

acter of this material, even in the absence of any palzontologic

evidence, is so peculiar that once recognized it can not be mis-

taken for anything else. It evidently represents fragments of

clay or marl which have been torn up and included in the moraine,

after which it became oxidized and hardened into the condition

in which we now find it.

Attention should also be called to the significance of the oc-

currence of marl fossils at Clifton, indicating beyond doubt that

the marl belt, which now has its farthest eastward exposure in

New Jersey, at the Atlantic Highlands, must originally have ex-

tended across the Lower Bay to Staten Island and occupied part

of what isnow New York Harbor. This fact gives us the con-

necting link between what we know of the outcrop of New Jersey

and what we infer in regard to its eastern extension, from the oc-

currence of similar fossils in the moraine of Brooklyn, Montauk

Point, Block Island and Martha’s Vineyard. Thus far, how-

ever, no exposure of marl strata has been found on Staten

Island.

Finally, it is of interest to note the relation which the mo-

raine bears to the underlying or pre-glacial topography. Appar-

ently the serpentine ridge served as a more or less effective

barrier to the advance of the ice, as indicated by the mo-

rainal sinus immediately south of the highest point of the ridge,

from whence the ice was deflected eastward towards Fort Wads-

worth and southward toward Prince’s Bay, forming the lobes in

the moraine at those localities and protecting the plain region

between by checking the further advance of the ice in that

direction.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY,

October, 1898.

PLATE I.

TERMINAL MORAINE ON STATEN ISLAND.

The terminal moraine is indicated by hachure when known,

by dotted lines where inferred.

(102 )

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[ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sci., Vol. XII, No. 5, pp. 103 to 118, July 7, 1899. }

DEV CORMEND OF iii OSSICUlAGAW DITA. IN

frit OLOssuM:

RICHARD WEIL.

(Read November 19, 1898.)

[Plates II and III.]

Tue following is a preliminary report on the development of

the ear-bones in the Trinidad Opossum. Owing toa lack of the

proper stages of the anatomical material, the present notice will

deal only with the development of the malleus and incus.

Up to the present time, November, 1898, only the higher

Mammalia have been investigated with regard to the development

of these bones. Meckel, in 1820, first described the embryolog-

ical continuity of the malleus with the first visceral, or mandibu-

~ lar, arch, and this statement has since that date never been over-

thrown. The question remains: does the incus arise from the

first arch, or from the second, or independently ?

The history of the evidence is briefly as follows: Valentin

and Rathke (1835) were the first to maintain the origin of the

incus from the first arch, that is to say, its embryonic continuity

with the malleus. This view was firmly established in 1838 by

Reichert, whose conclusions were verified and amplified by

Huxley (1858). In 1869, however, Professor Huxley was in-

duced, by his discovery of a direct union by means of cartilage

of the stylo-hyal with the columella in Sphenodon, to believe

that the embryonic appearances had been misinterpreted by

Reichert, and that the incus was actually a derivative of the

hyoidean arch. This view was taken up by Parker, and re-

ceived full confirmation from his embryological researches

(1874, 1877), and other and later researches by English investi-

gators, noticeably Fraser, have successively accumulated the

(103 )

104 WEIL.

evidence for this theory. On the other hand, German authority

since the time of Reichert has been unanimous in declaring the

incus to be derived from the first, or mandibular arch. With

reference to these long-standing and apparently irreconcilable

discrepancies, the following statement of Fraser, who made sec-

tions in three planes of a large number of forms, is deserving of

particular attention. He says: “I soon learned that the incus

was quite as distinct from both cartilages (mandibular and

hyoidean) when they could properly be called so, as it was at

birth or at adult age, so that I had to work upon embryos at a

stage preceding the true cartilaginous one, that is, at a stage

between that in which there was not the slightest trace of carti-

lage to be detected, and that in which the cartilages of the

arches were sharply and clearly defined, and in which the

cartilage cells had acquired a characteristic hyaline structure.

But here again the difficulty arose that although the cartilages

could be roughly distinguished, yet they were not limited by

any sharp line of demarcation, but faded gradually away into

the adjacent mesoblastic or embryonic tissue, from which they

differed only in the greater aggregation of round cells.”

Two years ago, as I reported to the Academy, an investiga-

tion of sections of a full series of Pig embryos, induced me like-

wise to conclude that it was impossible from the material em-

ployed to decide with certainty as to the origin of the incus.

DipELPHYsS MurRINA.

Up to the present time, no investigation into the ossicula of

the Marsupialia by means of the newer methods has been re-

corded. In the Berliner Monatsberichte for 1867 there is a note

to the effect that Professor Peters found in certain young Mar-

supialia, including Didelphys, that the os tympanicum was con-

tinuous with Meckel’s cartilage. This was in support of his

theory that the quadrate of lower vertebrata is to be sought in

the tympanic bone of Mammals. Upon this point, however,

Peters was led astray, doubtless on account of the minuteness of

the object under observation and the lack of the more perfect

modern method of sectioning. In my sections I find that the

EAR-BONES OF OPPOSSUM. 105

tympanic bone is not yet formed, its future position being indi-

cated, however, by a definite mass of cells, situated between the

eustachian tube and the gelatinous anlage of the meatus audi-

torius externus, and just below the anlage of the membrana

tympani (Plate II). Secondly, Professor Minot quotes Parker

to the effect that an investigation of the Marsupialia had con-

vinced him of the error of his previous opinions, since the incus

was here without any doubt continuous with the mandibular

arch. Parker’s investigations upon this point have, however,

never been published; as far as Parker ventures in the brief

statement above referred to, my observations perfectly coincide

with his.

The material at my disposal consisted of three Opossums of

the species, Didelphys murina of Trinidad.’ One of these,

the largest, was of no service in the research, as the sections

revealed that the ear-bones had already assumed their adult

relations. The other two, coming from one litter, were of the

same size, and represented identically the same stage of devel-

opment. They were taken from the pouch, but measured in

length no more than six to seven millimeters. The length of

the head from the tip of the snout to the external ear was two

to three millimeters. Sections of the thickness of seven » were

cut with the Minot microtome, and the complete series mounted.

In order to demonstrate the relations of the cartilages, a model

of the ear bones of the left side was made, in which all their

dimensions were multiplied by 175. The method here employed

was a slight modification of that recommended by His.

An understanding of the general topographical relations may

be gained from an inspection of the figure of the model, the fol-

lowing description being added merely as commentary. From the

distal extremity Meckel’s cartilage passes up on each side at an

angle of about 30° to the base of the skull, lying inwards of the

anlage of the dentary, to which it contributes in the usual man-

ner. The shape of the cartilage towards the symphysis is

rounded but as the sections run back, it is seen to increase very

1T am happy to make acknowledgement of the courtesy of Dr. Chapman and

Professor Allen to whom I owe this material.

106 WEIL.

materially in size, and to assume the oval form seen in the model

(Plate III., Fig. 2). Beyond the dentary, it continues for a short

distance, unchanged in shape or direction, then gradually bulges

out at the end directed towards the: base of the skull, anda

little later bends down at a sharp angle as in the Pig. This

highly differentiated portion without any doubt represents the

malleus ; init may be distinguished, as seen in the model, head

(capitulum), neck (cervix), the processus gracilis, and the manu-

brium. Furthermore it has all the important relations of that

bone, impinging on the tympanic membrane, articulated with the

incus, etc. In direct continuity with it at some points, but al-

ready splitting off from it in others, is a relatively small cartilage,

the incus. The articulation between these two elements is of

the same nature as that found in the adult marsupial, and con-

trasts strongly with the ball and socket joint of higher mammals.

In the incus, the long crus to which the stapes is articulated,

and the short crus, contributed as in higher mammalia by the

auditory capsule (Dreyfuss), are easily to be distinguished. The

stapes is a single element, which comes into relation both with

the mandibular arch, through the long crus of the incus, and

with the periotic capsule. The stapes here appears as an im-

perforate plate, and the characteristic stapedial branch of the

carotid is lacking, so that the cause of its eventual perforation

in the adult still remains obscure. The hyoidean is attached, not

as in the Pig, in the proximity of the ear bones, but a measur-

able distance below them, so that this fruitful source of error

and confusion is eliminated.

In a general way, the stage of development of the head is in-

dicated by the fact that the only bone present is the dentary.

As regards the ossicula audita, the condition of the anlage

is very extraordinary, and presents a parallel with no stage

found in the Placentalia. The cartilage of the bones in question

is already well formed, and their shape is accurately defined, as

in the Pig of from two to three inches, but in their relations to

other cartilages they present a far more embryonic condition

than is found even in the early stages in which these elements

can be made out in the Pig embryo, as above described.

EAR-BONES OF OPPOSSUM. 107

As regards the anatomical relations of the malleus, this in-

vestigation serves merely to confirm the now almost universal

opinion that the malleus is a derivative of the mandibular arch.

As in the higher mammalia, it continues Meckel’s cartilage

without a break, the cartilage throughout being well developed,

The relation of the head of the malleus’ with the body of the

incus is, however, entirely different from anything yet found in

the embryos of the higher forms. The process of segmentation

of the incus from the malleus has already begun, but cellular

continuity is in certain places still plainly to be made out. This

continuity is not by means of histologically indifferent tissue,

but by tissues sharply separated from the neighboring undiffer-

entiated mesoblast. The connecting cells are, in fact, cartilage

cells, though only in the first stage of their development (see

Plater Ei Hiss i,also: Plate [1);

It is apparent, therefore, that the incus is to be regarded, as

the Germans have so long contended, in the light of a descend-

ant of the mandibular arch. With the hyoidean arch it has ab-

solutely no relation. The derivation of the short crus from the

labyrinth wall, already noticed by Dreyfuss in some of the

higher forms, is present also in the Opossum (Plate II.). Its

significance is still problematical.

This investigation was suggested to me by Professor Osborn,

’ and was carried on during the year 1896 in the Zoological

Laboratory of Columbia University.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., XII, July 8, 1899--S.

yas

Verang

aay

i Bee ’

i BNP i

pine

PLATE II.

Ear BONES OF OPOSSUM.

Part of a vertical section of the skull, running through the middle

ear. Multiplied 300 times.

(110 )

ANNALS N.

Auditory Capsule

Short Crus of Incus

Long Crus

Tympanic Cavity

Malleus

Bastlar Cartilage

Tympanic Membrane

Eustachian Tube

Annulus Tympanicus

—

VY ACAD. SC:

VOL, XII

a Aobes,

PEATE ie

Meatus Auditortus

Lixternus

Kehoe lien Eis

(111)

PLATE, 111.

Ear BONES OF OPPOSSUM.

Fic. 1.—Section of malleus and body of incus. Drawn with Abbe’s

camera lucida, multiplied 200 times.

Fic. 2.—Model of ear bones, multiplied 175 times. The model was.

made in three pieces, although segmentation was not yet complete.

The lines of future division are, however, very distinctly indicated

in the sections, as seen in Plate III, Fig. 1.

(112 )

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCI. VOL. XII. RUA ie

Incus

Short Crus of Incus

Head

Processus

Gracilis

[Annas N. Y. Acap. Sct., Vol. XII, No. 6, pp. 113 to116, July 8, 1899. ]

ORIGIN OR EEE VWiEGhs: 2NDe VA GAGE

Cle Ole Walls, INU I sl SislOUNe, Ole

EONG TSEAND:

By FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL.

(Read January 19, 1899.)

In 1883, during a study of the Cretaceous and Tertiary clays

of the north shore of Long Island, the writer became interested

in finding a solution of the problem of their origin. Through

the last fifteen years various items of geologic evidence have

been carefully collected which, with the help of chemical analysis,

make it possible to present a satisfactory demonstration of the

fact that the white and variegated clays in question are derived

from the residuum of the crystalline limestone of Lower Silurian

age which forms an important part of the crystalline terrane of

Westchester county, N. Y. and, by its solution in connection

with subsidence of the land, has given existence to the navigable

channels which surround Manhattan Island and to the great

waterway of Long Island Sound.

In 1889 the attention of this Academy was drawn to the

occurrence of some highly colored material resembling clay

which had been observed in Morrisania in excavating for the

readjustment of the railroad tracks. Dr. D. S. Martin collected

some specimens of this which were exhibited to the academy in

connection with a paper read jointly by Dr. Martin and myself.

In this paper it was shown that the seeming clays were re.

sidual products from the decomposition of the crystalline lime-

stone which underlies the valley occupied by the tracks of the

New York and Harlem Railroad Co. A few years later, Pro-

fessor Kemp called attention to some specimens of similar ma-

terial from the Blackwell’s Island tunnel, the bottom of the

Ref. Zrans. N. VY. Acad. Sci., Vol. 1X, p. 45-46, 1889.

(113 )

114 MERRILL.

channel on either side of the island being underlain by decom-

posed material resembling a kaolin.

This material I recognized to be similar to that collected by

Dr. Martin in Morrisania. Subsequently in making a detailed

study of the geology of Manhattan Island, I had occasion to

investigate the material of the bottom of the East and North

Rivers.

My first visit was to the office of the engineer of the Dock

Department where I ascertained that a whitish material like

kaolin had been found at many points on the bottom of the

East and North Rivers. Then going to the office of Colonel

Gillespie, in charge of the harbor improvements, I found sam-

ples of similar material from the East River near the foot of 1oth

street and from the ‘middle ground”’ near Astoria. Further

effort put me in possession of some material from the latter

place where dredging was going on.

It then seemed desirable to make a chemical examination of

this residual material and this work was placed in the hands of

Dr. H. C. Bowen of New York. The results of the analyses

are given in the following table.

These analyses show a very close relation in chemical com-

position between the white and variegated clays of the North

Shore of Long Island, of which those from Elm Point and Ea-

ton’s Neck may be regarded as types, and the residual products

of the decay of the metamorphosed Paleozoic limestone of

New York and Westchester counties.

A geologic study of the shores of Long Island Sound and

the adjacent territory shows that the prevailing rock on the

north shore of that territory is the Manhattan schist, a meta-

morphosed representative of the Hudson River group and that

on Long Island wherever solid rock is found beneath the loose

deposits of mesozoic and cenozoic age, it is a banded gneiss,

identical in lithologic character with that which has been deter-

mined to be Precambrian on New York Island and in West-

chester County."

This may be regarded as conclusive evidence that the former

1See Fiftieth Annual Report, N. Y. State Museum, 1896, pp. 21-31.

LONG ISLAND CLAYS. 115

’

rock which occupied the site of Long Island Sound was the

crystalline dolomite which has-been recognized as a metamorphic

limestone of Lower Silurian age.

The inference from the facts presented and, indeed, the well-

founded conclusion, is that the portion of Long Island Sound

which borders Westchester County owes its origin in part to

the solution of a limestone which once occupied that place and

that the white and variegated clays of Long Island, some of

which have been regarded as of Cretaceous age on account of

the leaf prints contained in them, are accumulated residues from

the solution of that limestone under atmospheric agencies.

How large a portion of Long Island Sound owes the forma-

tion of its depression to mechanical solution in the manner sug-

gested, cannot be determined in the light of present knowledge,

but it is probably safe to conclude that so far eastward as the

Paleozoic rocks extend beyond the New York and Connecticut

boundary, these causes have had a controlling influence.

The large granite area east of New Haven is regarded by

those who have given it most attention, as Precambrian, but

this is known to exist only along the northern margin of Long

Island Sound and it is entirely possible that to the south-

ward of these Precambrian rocks extended a large Palaeozoic

limestone area occupying the site of the present channel of the

Sound and which, by solution, has disappeared.

We have at present no definite record of the occurrence of the

white and variegated clays on Long Island to the eastward of

Eaton’s Neck where they are now found quite near the surface.

However, as they have been observed on Block Island and

Martha’s Vineyard, it is possible that the deposit is continuous.

MERRILL.

116

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[Annats N. Y. Acap. Sci., Vol. XII, No. 7, pp. 117 to 138, July 8, 1899. ]

FURTHER NOTES ON THE ECHINODERMS

OF BERMUDA.

Hupert LYMAN CLARK.

(Read March 173, 1899. )

[Plate IV.]

OncE more I am indebted to Professor Bristol for the privi-

lege of examining a collection of echinoderms, made in Ber-

muda by students of New York University, and it has proved

of even greater interest than the one made in 1897. The value

of the collection made in 1898 is very greatly increased by the

care taken in the preservation of the specimens, and especially

by the valuable field notes made by Mr. C. E. Brush, Jr., and

Mr. F. W. Carpenter, and I wish to express my thanks to these

gentlemen for their courtesy in turning their notes over to me

for my use. The chief interest in the collection centers on the

holothurians, especially on the Synaptide, of which there are

five species. Only one of these has previously been recorded

from Bermuda, while one of the others is apparently new to

science. Most of the holothurians are remarkably well pre-

served and some are as well extended as in life.

The collection contains only two Ecuinorps and both of these

have been recorded from the islands before. They are Echino-

metra subangularis (Lecke) and Melita sexforis A. Ag. The

former are reported as common on both the north and south

shores but in color those from the north shore are “rich dark red”

while those from the south are said to be “jet black.” There

are two very good specimens of Melhta “‘ dredged in eight feet

of water at the entrance to Flatt’s Reach, just off Giblet Island,

on sandy, non-shelly bottom.’”’ According to Mr. Brush’s field

Cinta)

118 CLARK.

notes they were drowz when alive, while the specimens I have

collected in Jamaica were a delicate olive green.

There are four species of OpHiurips in the collection and

these also have all been collected in Bermuda previously. One

of these, Ophiocoma echinata (Lamk:) (= O. crassispina Say),

was previously known from Bermuda from only a single speci-

men, but there are eleven before me, one taken in Harrington

Sound and the rest along the north shore ‘“ about a quarter of

a mile southwest from Seaward.’’ There are also three speci-

mens of Ophiocoma pumila Ltk. each with six arms, collected in

Castle Harbor and Bailey’s Bay, a single Ophiura appressa

Say from Bailey’s Bay and a very large number of Ophionerets

reticulata (Say) from the same place. The last one, said to be

very common, occurring in “bunches partially buried in the

sand.”’

There are only two AsTEROIDs in the collection but one of

these is of special interest as it is an addition to the fauna of

Bermuda. This is Luda clathrata (Say) of which there is a

single very fine specimen, dredged off the north side of Trunk

Island, Harrington Sound, in one or two fathoms of water, the

bottom being of clear white sand. Mr. Brush says in his notes:

“This starfish must have been buried in the sand in order to

have been broken by the dredge, as the latter was slung so that

it scooped up about three and one-half inches of sand. I found

from inquiry among the natives that this species is only fairly

common and that it buries itself in the sand. Its presence is

denoted by five furrows in the sand, converging to a single

central point. This of course may be an error.’’ The most

remarkable thing about the specimen is its color. Mr. Brush

says that in life it was sa/imon pink, in alcohol this has bleached

to a creamy white. All of the specimens of c/athrata which I

have hitherto seen are bluish-gray, quite dark on the center of

the disc and along the aboral side of the arms, and I thought

the specimen from Bermuda might prove to be a distinct species.

Unfortunately I have no good specimens of clathrata available

for comparison, but so far as I can judge from descriptions and

from such material as is available, there is no difference aside

BERMUDA ECHINODERMS. 119:

from color between the specimen from Bermuda, and typical

clathrata. The other starfish in the collection is the small

pentagonal form Asterina folium (Ltk.) which has been reported

from the Bermudas twice before. Mr. Brush, however, says.

that this specimen was collected ‘‘in the channel connecting the

two small lagoons in Coney Island. This is the first time we

have found this species in any place but the spit in Castle Har-

. bor to the east of Waterloo.”’

The collection is rich in holothurians, with more than fifty

specimens representing, almost beyond doubt, every species

hitherto collected in Bermuda and adding several others to the

list. The most prominent of these animals, because of their

large size, are seven specimens of Stchopus, two representing

the black form named adzaboli by Professor Heilprin? and the rest

the spotted form which he called ranthomela. The comparison

of these specimens with each other and with specimens of

Stichopus from Jamaica has confirmed the opinion expressed last

year,’ that xanthomela is a synonym of médit Semp. and has

made me very doubtful of the standing of dzabvol as a good species.

While the question can only be settled by a careful study of

the animals in life, there are several reasons for thinking that

mobu will prove to be immature individuals of dzaboli. . Professor

Heilprin separated the two forms for four reasons (to judge from

his descriptions) : (1) the difference in color ; (2) the size of the

dorsal papilla; (3) the fineness of the filaments in the genital

bundles ; (4) the number of tentacles. Regarding the difference

in color neither Professor Heilprin’s account nor Mr. Carpenter's -

field notes, nor the specimens before me from Bermuda, give

any hint of intergradation. But in a large series of Stchopus

collected and studied in Jamaica almost every possible grada-

tion from reddish yellow without a spot, to jet black without a

light mark anywhere, was found. Moreover, as a rule the dark

forms were larger and, generally, the larger the specimen the

more uniformly dark it would be. In the matter of the dorsal

papillae, in the alcoholic specimens from Bermuda, there is no.

real distinction between the condition in the black and that in

the spotted form. In Jamaica there was considerable variety

120 CLARK.

noticed in this particular, though it was not so marked as in the

matter of color. My observations on the genital organs do not

accord with those of Professor Heilprin for I was unable to see

that the “filamental processes’’ are to any important degree

finer in one form than in the other; what slight difference there

was seemed to me indicated that the filaments were coarser and

less numerous in the spotted form. Finally, regarding the

number of tentacles, my specimens from Bermuda differ from

Professor Heilprin’s. Both those examined last year and four of °

the five spotted ones in this year’s collection have twenty tenta-

cles, the remaining one having nineteen. Each of the black

ones has twenty. Apparently the specimens examined by Pro-

fessor Heilprin and the specimen collected at Bermuda?’ by the

‘Challenger’ were exceptional. I have tried in vain to find

some characteristic in the calcareous particles of the body wall

or in the calcareous ring, which would serve to distinguish the

two forms, but entirely without success. I have not found the

larger tables which Theel found in his specimen of w0ddi from

Bermuda, though it would be absurd to say that there are none

present. The calcareous ring varies more or less in different

individuals but where best developed, it is markedly asymme-

trical (as Theel described it in S. yapontcus)° that is the dorsal

pieces are much stouter than the ventral, and the dorsal radial

pieces have posterior prolongations. Both Professor Heilprin

and Mr. Carpenter say that the spotted form is somewhat smaller

and very much more scarce. Mr. Carpenter says of the two

forms: ‘‘ The large black holothurian (Szzchopus diabol) is ex-

ceedingly abundant in the water of Castle Harbor and Harring-

ton Sound and along the outer shores of the island, within the

reef. Wherever the white, sandy bottom, which is sometimes

more or less overgrown with seaweed, can be seen, there

Stichopus is sure to be detected. The large spotted form is

much more rare. Living under the same general conditions

alongside of the uniformly black Szzchopus, its occurrence is to

that of the latter, roughly as 1 to 60.”’ The above facts seem

to show that the only real difference between the two forms is

in the color, and it would be a cause of some surprise if inter-

BERMUDA ECHINODERMS. 121

gradations cannot be found. It seems to me that the smaller

size of the spotted form and the occasional absence of one or

two tentacles may be indications of immaturity. We know

nothing of the breeding habits of this species, but if the early

period of life were passed in deep water or on a different bottom

from that where the adults are found, the relative scarcity of the

spotted form would be easily accounted for. The whole ques-

tion offers a fascinating field of inquiry for the zoologist fortu-

nate enough to spend some weeks on the island. Since, how-

ever the intergrading forms have not been found, a@adolz must

for the present stand as a recognizable species.

There are more than twenty specimens, of varying size, of

the small holothurian, which was identified last year’ with /7.

surinamensis Ludw. A careful examination of these and com-

parison with specimens of sawrizamensis from Jamaica has con-

vinced me that the form from Bermuda cannot properly be

separated from that species. The only constant difference

which I can find is in the absence from the dody-wall of the

‘bars’ which are present as supporting rods in the pedicels and

papilla. It might easily be supposed from Ludwig’s descrip-

tion * that in his specimens these bars were present only as sup-

porting rods, but Theel *® found them in the body-wall of speci-

mens from Mexico, and in my Jamaica specimens they are

present, though few and far between. I have not found them

in a single one of the specimens from Bermuda, but it is not

impossible that they may be present. But even if they are not,

it does not seem to me that that fact would justify the formation

of a new species. The calcareous tables are like those figured

by Ludwig and are very numerous, but in the pedicels and

papillz they have usually a well-developed disc, the edge of

which is not smooth, but rather irregular and with a number of

spiny projections. These tables also have more teeth (18-20)

at the apex than the common tables of the body-wall. This is

true of Jamaica specimens as well as those from Bermuda.

The radial pieces of the calcareous ring are not exactly like

Ludwig’s figure, being wider than they are high, and not over-

topping the interradial pieces so much. The pedicels are irregu-

122 CLARK.

larly scattered and are comparatively few in number, averaging

from 12-15 per sq. cm., while the papillz are even less numerous,

averaging in the same individuals, 6-12 per sq. cm. The

largest specimen before me is 170 mm. long by 23 mm. in thick-

ness; the smallest is 40 mm. by 14 mm. The color of the

alcoholic specimens is brown, indistinctly marked with spots and

blotches of black ; the pedicels are yellow especially at the tip ;

the tentacles are yellow; the body-wall is thin. In formalin

specimens the body-wall is thick, the ground color is much

lighter and the pedicels and tentacles are almost white. One of

the alcoholic specimens is lighter than the others and very

strongly tinged with yellow. Mr. Carpenter says in his field

notes on this species: ‘Color, a general brown in varying

shades. Several specimens have a darker color approaching

black. Can be picked up almost anywhere along the reef-pro-

tected shore after a little search among the broken rocks.’’ The

twenty-one specimens which are in proper condition for a thor-

ough examination showed an interesting diversity in the number

of tentacles and Polian vesicles :

2 had 21 tentacles. 3 had 1 Polian vesicle..

13 66 20 66 8 66 2 66 (a3

3 66 19 66 i3 66 3 66 66

I 66 18 (a3 3 66 4 66 (as

I a3 15 66 I 66 5 66 66

I 66 12 (?) (a3 I 66 8 66 66

The specimens with twelve and fifteen tentacles were very much

contracted and I could not be positive of the number but it was

certainly much smaller than normal. The stone canal was

always single and, except in two cases, free. It was sometimes

very small but in one specimen it was 4 mm. long and distinctly

pear-shaped. Cuvier’s organs were present in a few individuals

but in most cases they had either been discharged or were never

present. After a careful study of Professor Heilprin’s descrip-

tion? and figures, I am convinced that the form which he identi-

fied as H!. floridana Poutt. is really this species, sur¢mamensts.

The reasons for this conclusion are as follows: There is nothing

BERMUDA ECHINODERMS. WAR

in his description which will not apply to swrinamensis, while

his figures of the stools and his comment on their variability

apply perfectly to that species. Moreover, he neither mentions

nor figures the “‘ rosettes,’ which are so very characteristic of, and

noticeable in forzdana and the holothurians of that group. The

diversity in the number. of..tentacles, the ‘‘ distinctly papillate ”’

dorsal surface and the irregular distribution of the ‘“‘ elongated

yellowish pedicels,” all point to swrimamensis. Finally it is

hardly probable that florzdana should be common enough in

1888 for Professor Heilprin’s party to collect five specimens,

while in 1897 and 1808 not a single individual could be found

by the New York University students. And since surinamensis

is obviously the common holothurian of the Bermudas, it is not

likely it would have entirely escaped the notice of the Philadei-

phia party. These reasons to me are sufficient for striking

fiortdana from the list of Bermudan holothurians.

There are seven specimens of the holothurian which was

identified from two specimens in the collection last year,’ as

Cucumaria punctata Ludw. Several of these are beautifully

preserved, thanks to Mr. Carpenter’s skill, and the tentacles and

pedicels are as well extended as in life. A careful study of

these specimens has confirmed their identity and led me to the

conclusion that Semperta bermudensis Heilp. must be considered

a synonym of Cucumaria punctata Ludw. The seven speci-

mens before me vary in size from 40 mm. by 15 to 70 mm. by

25. The tentacles are ten in number and are arranged either as

nine long and one short, or seven long and three short, or one

very long, three on each side medium and three short, or all ap-

proximately equal. The variation in the number of Polian

vesicles is also notable. Four specimens have one each, two

have two each and one has three. The stone-canal is single

and usually in the mesentary but sometimes the end is free.

The genital bundles have numerous (40-50) undivided fila-

ments, yellow or orange in color, and three or four centimeters

long. The vent is more or less rayed and one specimen seems

to have anal teeth but the presence or absence of the latter

seems to be only a question of the more or less calcifying of

ANNALS N. Y. AcAb. Sci., XII, July 8, 1899—9.

124 CLARK.

the largest anal papilla. In alcoholic specimens the color is

whitish, very thickly spotted and mottled with dark purplish

gray; some specimens have a strongly yellow tinge. Mr.

Carpenter says in his notes on this species: ‘“ Certainly not of

a common variety. Found in but one place ; under loose slabs

of rock on north shore just southwest of Bailey’s Bay. Color

of body ranging from yellowish-brown to dark blue. Color of

numerous and prominent tube-feet grayish-yellow.” Professor

Heilprin? based his new species, Semperia bermudcnsis, upon a

single specimen collected on the north shore west of Flatts’

village. He distinguished it from C. punctata Ludw. on ac-

count of (1) the different color, (2) the different arrangement of

the tentacles, (3) the number of Polian vesicles, and (4) the

number of filaments composing the genital bundles. After

what has been said above it hardly seems necessary to state that

these characteristics are more or less variable, and while one of

my specimens is exactly like Ludwig’s* type, another is almost

as nearly like Heilprin’s. Semperia bermudensis must therefore

be reduced from the list of valid species to the already crowded

ranks of synonyms.

The collection of 1898 contains four specimens of a small

holothurian not represented in the collection of 1897. These

four were in the same bottle with H/. swrinamensis and were

apparently not distinguished from that species by the collector.

They came from the same localities. but were probably less

common than that form. The alcoholic specimens are easily

picked out from those of suwrznamensis by the position of the

anus, the flattened ventral surface, the tendency of the feet to

form regular longitudinal series\and the color. They were

readily identified as 7. captiva Ludw., the large bright yellow

bunch of Cuvierian tubes being very noticeable. It is attached

well up on the respiratory tree some little distance from the

cloaca. Papilla are quite numerous and prominent on the

dorsal surface. Pedicels are numerous on the middle and rear

of the ventral. surface, indistinctly arranged in three series.

The specimens vary in size from 30 mm. by 12 to 70 mm.

by 20 mm. Stone canal single and Polian vesicles one or

BERMUDA ECHINODERMS. 125

two. The genital organs are present in only a single individual

and consist of a small bunch of two or three dichotomously

branched tubules attached to the mesentery very near the mouth.

The anus is on the dorsal side or terminal close to the dorsal

surface. The calcareous ring is like Ludwig’s? figure for 7.

captiva but the calcareous tables and buttons resemble more

closely Heilprin’s? figures for 7. abbreviata. After comparing

the figures and description of the latter species with Ludwig’s

description and figures of 7. captiva and with the four speci-

mens before me, I am confident that the two species are iden-

tical. One of my specimens agrees in every detail except the

shade of color and the number of tentacles with the type of

abbreviata, yet cannot properly be separated from the other

three. Accordingly I have stricken 47. abdreviata from the list

of Bermudan holothurians.

The rest of the collection before me is made up of fourteen

synaptids, thirteen of which were in a single bottle labeled

“Synaptas.” Of these Mr. Carpenter says: ‘Collected at

Cove, Coney Island, June 28, 1898. The cove, which opens

on the submerged reefs of the north shore by a narrow channel

through the rocks, is well protected from the waves. In the

sandy bottom of this cove less than eight inches below the sur-

face of the sand, the Synaptas were found. Bottom of cove

covered with water even at low tide. Synaptas cylindrical in

shape varying in length from half an inch to about five inches,

when found. Diameter never exceeded half an inch. Color of

body a light brown, modified by the color of the sand which

filled the intestine of each. We found the Synaptas in but one

place. However this was the only spot where we looked for

them carefully. We found them on an average I should say of

one to every three shovelfuls of sand sifted.’’ The other syn-

apta was in a small bottle by itself and of this one Mr. Car-

penter says: ‘‘ Collected at Cove, Coney Island, July 28,

1898. Found under a stone in a tideway through which

water constantly runs but never with great rapidity. Surround-

ings rocky. Specimen was of uniform cylindrical shape and

about one inch long and one-eighth inch in diameter. When

126 CLARK.

undisturbed tentacles were extended and. seemed to assist in

locomotion. Color, reddish-brown with longitudinal markings

some darker and some lighter than ground color of body. I

considered this specimen a ‘ find.’ — It was the only one we came

across.’ This single individual proves to be a small specimen

of Synapta vivipara (Oerst.) which has been recorded from the

Bermudas before. It agrees in all particulars with specimens.

from Jamaica, except that there are only eleven tentacles. In

the body cavity were three very young embryos, in which the

hydroccel was just formed. The situation in which the speci-

men was found is quite remarkable, since, in Jamaica, vvipara

always occurs in bunches of a peculiar seaweed sometimes

growing on sandy or muddy bottom but especially on the roots.

of mangroves.

The other thirteen synaptids represent four distinct species.

There are two specimens of Chzridota rotifera (Pourt.) pre-

viously known from Florida, Jamaica and Brazil, but not

hitherto recorded from Bermuda. The specimens are both

large and similar to specimens from Jamaica, but are slightly

different in color having a decidedly yellow tinge. There isa

single very small specimen (16 mm. long) of S. zvherens, easily re-

cognized by the characteristics of the calcareous ring and miliary

granules. as well as its pure white color. This species though

widely distributed throughout the north Atlantic has not been

recorded previously from Bermuda. Synapta roseola (Ver.) 1s.

represented by five specimens, distinguished by their reddish or

yellowish color but really identified by the calcareous ring and

miliary granules peculiar to that species. They agree in all

particulars with specimens from the New England coast, hitherto

the only locality from which the species has been recorded.

The remaining five specimens consist of two whole synaptas.

and fragments of three others, entirely different from any species

hitherto described. In size this new species agrees with S-

inherens, the largest specimen being about 175 mm. long.

The color is somewhat rosy, the prominent verruce being well

supplied with the reddish pigment so abundant in. S. roseola.

The verruce are quite numerous, over 500 to the square centi-

BERMUDA ECHINODERMS. 197

meter, though the number per square centimeter would of

course be greatly increased by increased contraction of the body

wall. There are twelve tentacles, each with from 15-19 digits,

and-on the inner side of each near the base are numerous

(25-30 or more) ‘‘sense-cups’’ similar to but somewhat smaller

than those found in zzherens. There is no trace of eye spots.

The genital papilla is in the mid-dorsal line just outside of the

tentacles and in one specimen is very prominent, half a milli-

meter long. The reproductive organs are only slightly de-

veloped in these specimens, the branches being only 10 mm.

long. The latter are very slender and lie on both sides of the

dorsal mesentery. The stone-canal is small and single and lies

in the mesentery. The Polian vesicles are fairly numerous, two

long ones (8 mm.) and three short (1% mm.) in the largest

specimen, two long and one short in the other. The longi-

tudinal muscles of the body wall are very prominent. The ali-

mentary canal is almost straight so that the mesentery which

supports it is confined to the mid-dorsal interradius. The

cesophagus is wide and the stomach is quite prominent (Fig. 13).

The hemal system is very noticeable on the latter and on the

intestine also. The ciliated funnels are of two kinds (Figs. 11

and 12) and occur not only near the mesentery in the mid-

dorsal interradius, but, in the left dorsal interradius, they form a

prominent line over 100 mm. long. The large ones are com-

paratively few but the small ones are crowded. The former are

about 1.1 mm. long and .500 mm. wide, while the latter are

only .110 mm. long but are .133 mm. wide. In length both

sorts of funnel are about equal to the corresponding ones in z7-

herens, but they are much wider so that the proportions are

quite different. Their shape and proportions can be best under-

stood from the figures. There is no cartilaginous ring. The

calcareous ring (Fig. 10) is narrow and its pieces are wide so

that their relative proportions are quite different from zzh@rens.

Moreover the opening for the passage of the radial nerve is very

wide and narrow instead of circular, and is slightly overarched

by the main body of the radial piece. The anchors and plates

are of two kinds very different from each other in size and shape.

128 CLARK.

The smaller ones are found chiefly at the anterior end of the

body where they are fairly numerous, about 350 or so per

square centimeter in a normally contracted specimen ; near the

rear end there are only about twenty-five or so per square centi-

meter. The larger ones are found only near the middle and

posterior end of the animal; they occur about 215 or so per

square centimeter near the middle but further back are not so

numerous, about 125 or so per square centimeter. The smaller

anchors (Fig. 3) are about equal in size to the ordinary anchors

of zzherens, measuring about 188 uw long. The arms are short

and thick and quite smooth. A few abnormal ones have a

third arm projecting in front (Fig. 5). The posterior end is not

at all branched but is simple and very finely toothed. The

plates accompanying these anchors are somewhat like the ordi-

nary plates of zzherens. They measure about 166» x 125 &

and have seven large, toothed holes, and numerous small

smooth holes at the narrower end (Fig. 4). The bow is not

arched out of the plane of the vlate, and is only present in part,

the center being fused with the plate itself as will be seen in the

figures. One curious double plate was found, accompanied by

twin anchors (Fig. 6). The large anchors (Fig. 1) are about

three times as long as the small ones, though they vary greatly

in size. A few are only about 300 y in length but the great

majority are over 500 “ and many are over 700 w._ The largest

one measured was 733 » long. The posterior end is not at all

branched but is finely toothed. The arms are long and slender

and each has about eight teeth on the outer side, the points of

the teeth turning upward away from the tip of the arm, The

plates accompanying these anchors (Fig. 2) vary greatly in size

but are always much longer than broad and are usually much

shorter than the anchors. Most of them are from 300 4 to

400 yz in length but many are nearly 500 w. The largest one

measured was 510 4 long by 260 » broad. These plates have

from ten to thirteen large, toothed holes arranged in three longi-

tudinal rows, and numerous small, smooth, holes at the posterior

end, which is often nearly square, though generally the corners

are rounded. The bow is merged into the plate itself as in the

BERMUDA ECHINODERME. 129

smaller plates. The miliary granules (Fig. 7) are very rumer-

ous and are not confined to the longitudinal muscles, nor to

special patches, but are pretty uniformly distributed over the

body. They are nearly all more or less C-shaped and measure

about 22 y long, those near the posterior end of the body (Fig.

8) being a trifle the largest. In the tentacles and their digits,

are numerous rather irregular supporting rods, which have a

tendency towards an elongated C-shape (Fig. 9). The surface

of the body is very rough ard prickly in all the specimens ow-

ing to the prominence of the projecting anchors. For this

reason, I have selected the name for this new species, Syzapéa

acanthia, (Plate IV.)

The exact relation of this synapta to previously known

species is somewhat -obscure. In the presence of two very dis-

tinct sorts of anchors, it approaches zxzomnata and bankensis,

two species described by Ludwig, from fragments from the other

side of the globe. But the difference in the plates are so great,

it is clear there can be no close resemblance to those forms.

The new species will not fit into any of the five genera into

which Ostergen‘ has recently divided the genus Synapta, so

that it must either be made the type of a new genus or else some

one of his five genera will have to be modified for its reception.

It approaches most nearly to Syzapta s. str., from which it dif-

fers in the presence of two distinct sorts of anchors and plates

and in the larger number of Polian vesicles, but the definition

of the genus can be slightly modified to receive it and for the

present it may remain there. It is certainly allied to S. zzherens

which it superficially resembles quite closely.

In conclusion it seems desirable to add a revised list of the

echinoderms of Bermuda with the important and, so far as pos-

sible, external and obvious, characteristics which distinguish

each one. This is done to assist future students and visitors to

the Bermudas to identify readily the species they collect and so

to encourage such collecting. But it should be borne in mind

that such brief descriptions are necessarily not exclusive, and

will not distinguish closely allied species. Specimens not an-

swering clearly to these definitions should be carefully preserved

for further examination.

130. CLARK.

DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF BERMUDAN ECHINODERMA.

ASTEROIDEA. STARFISHES.

1. Luidia clathrata (Say).

Large flat starfishes with five arms (about five inches long),

living on sandy bottoms or underneath the sand. Usually

bluish-gray above and light beneath, but the only specimen re-

corded from Bermuda is said to have been ‘‘ salmon-pink ”’ when

alive: Not at all common.

Dy Asterina folium (Lrk.).

Small pentagonal starfish, less than an inch across, found on,

the underside of pieces of rock. Color varies considerably, us-

ually light, often blue. Not very common.

3. Linckia guildingii (Gray).

Medium sized reddish- or yellowish-brown starfish with five

or six rather slender, smooth, cylindrical or slightly flattened

arms, from one to eight inches long. Found about the reefs but

apparently quite rare.

4. Asterias tenuispina Lamx.

This starfish usually has six or seven arms, but the number

varies from five to nine. They are nearly cylindrical, only

slightly flattened, and very spiny. Color yellow or more or

less orange with dark markings. Quite common.

OPHIUROIDEA. BRITTLE STARS.

1. Ophiura appressa Say.

Disc finely granular ; arm spines 8-9 very small ; arms cyl-

indrical. Color brownish-gray, variegated with green, red and

white ; arms banded with darker. Rather common, under

rocks along sandy beaches.

2. Ophiactis mulleri Lrx.

Disc closely covered with radial shields and overlapping

scales, the latter usually bearing small spines. Arms stout,

somewhat flattened, bearing stout, smooth spines. Very small ;

greenvand white. -- Rare:

BERMUDA ECHINODERMS. 13}

3. Ophionereis reticulata. (Say).

Disc covered with fine overlapping scales ; in other respects

like No. 6, but easily distinguished by the disc which is finely

reticulated with dark lines. Very common, occurring in bunches

in the sand and underneath rocks.

4. Ophiostigma isacantha (Say).

Disc coarsely granulated: arm spines 3, short and smooth ;

no tooth papillz. Color whitish, the arms ringed with green.

Rare.

5. Ophiocoma echinata (Lamk.). -

This, the largest brittle star found in Bermuda, may be easily

recognized by the very dark color and very spiny arms. The

disc is an inch or more across and the arms are several inches

long. Found under rocks on sandy shores but not very common.

6. Ophiocoma pumila Lrx.

Smaller than the preceding; disc granular, half an inch

across. Arms long, slender and spiny. Arm spines 4-6.

Color brownish-yellow, the arms banded: with dark. The

specimens before me from Bermuda all have six arms. Not

common.

7. Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say).

Disc and arms covered with a thick naked skin ; arm spines

stout and thorny; large; color very variable, orange to olive

ereens) are.

ECHINOIDEA. SEA-URCHINS. SAND-DOLLARS.

1. Cidaris tribuloides (Lamk.).

This sea-urchin is seldom more than two inches in diameter,

and may be very easily recognized by the stout, club-shaped

spines. Common about the reefs off shore.

2. Diadema setosum Gray.

A large black sea-urchin with sharp, slender spines six inches

long or more. Sometimes the spines are banded black and

white. Common about the reefs off shore.

132 CLARK.

3. Echinometra subangularis (Lxske).

This species is often called the “ rock-boring”’ urchin as it is

found in holes in the rocks about the reefs, where it is common.

Color varies considerably, from reddish to. black; the spines

vary from light-brown, more or less greenish and tipped with

violet, to almost black. The test is always oval or elliptical

and somewhat flattened.

4. Toxopneustes variegatus (Lamk.).

A medium-sized almost spherical urchin, with numerous

spines. The color varies greatly but Bermuda specimens are

rich violet. Abundant.

5. Hipponoe esculenta (Lrsxkr).

A large, nearly spherical urchin with numerous short, white

spines. Not common.

6. Mellita sexforis A. Ac.

_ This sand-dollar may be recognized at once by its extreme

flatness and the six slits through the test. Color of Bermuda

specimens, brown. Not commen.

7. Echinoneus semilunaris (Gwet.).

This little elliptical spatangoid, seldom over an inch long, is

easily recognized by the five equal, simple, narrow ambulacra

extending from aboral pole to mouth. The spines are very

short and light brown in color. In life the tube feet are bright

red and stand out in striking contrast. Is found in the sand

underneath rocks but has not been collected in Bermuda for

some years.

8. Brissus unicolor (K1.).

Oval spatangoid seldom over three inches long, of a grayish-

brown color with numerous very short spines. Found in the :

same location with the preceding, and like it has not been re-

corded from Bermuda for some years.

BERMUDA. ECHINODERMS. : 133

HOLOTHURIOIDEA. SEA—-CUCUMBERS.

1. Cucumaria punctata Lupw.

Small (two or three inches long), bluish- or yellowish-gray

holothurian with ten branching tentacles. Found under rocks

along shore. Not very abundant.

2. Holothuria captiva Lupw.

Rather small brown holothurian with twenty yellowish shield-

shaped tentacles. Ventral surface somewhat flattened, with the

numerous feet indistinctly arranged in three longitudinal series.

Dorsal surface with rather numerous scattered papille, situated

on small elevations. Not very common but occurs under

broken slabs of rock with the following species.

3. Holothuria surinamensis Lupw.

Medium-sized holothurian, two to six inches long, of a gen-

erally brown color, blotched and spotted more or less indis-

tinctly with darker: sometimes tinged with yellow. Tentacles

shield-shaped, normally 20 (ranging from 10-21) yellow or

whitish. Feet yellowish, not very numerous, scattered, not at

all arranged in series. Dorsal papillae not numerous, scattered,

rather slender. Found under broken slabs of rock along shore.

Quite common.

4. Stichopus mobii Semr.

Large holothurian, eight to eleven inches long, buff blotched

with black. Tentacles shield-shaped, normally 20 but vary from

18-21. Feet arranged in three longitudinal series on the flat

ventral surface. Rather uncommon; on sandy bottoms with

the next species.

5. Stichopus diaboli Hert.

Large black holothurian, a foot long; the common holo-

thurian of the Bermudas. Except for color, like the preceding

with which it occurs though. far more abundantly. S. haytiensis

Semp. reported from Bermuda by Théel’® is doubtless this

form.

134 CLARK.

6. Synapta acanthia, nov. sp. Plate IV.

Medium-sized ‘synaptid, five or six inches long, white with a

strong rosy tinge. Tentacles 12, each with 15-19 digits and

25 or more sensory cups on inner surface. “No trace of eye

spots: Anchors of two kinds, those of the rear of the animal

long and prominent, giving a very spiny appearance and feeling

to a contracted individual. Found in the sand in sheltered

coves and probably not rare.

7. Synapta inherens (O. F. MiLt.).

Medium-sized synaptid, generally pure white, rarely rosy.

Tentacles 12, with 7~11 digits each and about a dozen sensory

cups on the inner surface. No trace of eye spots. Radial

pieces of calcareous ring per forated for the passage of the nerve.

Found in sand with te preceding but rather uncommon appar-

ently. :

8. Synapta roseola (VERR.).

Small synaptid, one to four inches long, bright rosy in color.

Tentacles 12, each with 5-9 digits and 7-15 sensory cups. No

eye spots. Radial pieces of calcareous ring simply notched,

not perforated, for passage ‘of the herve. Found with the pre-

ceding but seems to be more common. . pa Sn

9. Synapta vivipara (Orrsr.). Sa

Small synaptid, reddish- or greenish-brown, generally more or

less flecked with white. Tentacles 12 (11-13) each with 25-37

digits...No sensory cups but. eye spots at base of tentacles.

Body cavity usually contains young. Found in seaweed and

under rocks, never buried in the sand. . Apparently not common

though recorded several times from Bermuda.

10. Chiridota rotifera (PourtT.).

Small synaptid, one-half an inch to. two inches long, white,

yellowish or flesh-color. Tentacles twelve,» each with -~ 5-9

digits not arranged so pinnately as in Synapta. No anchors in

the body-wall but wheels with six spokes. -Body cavity some-

times contains young. Found under rocks in the sand, and in

company with nos. 6, 7 and 8.

BERMUDA ECHINODERMS. 135

The list as above given includes all the echinoderms recorded

from the Bermudas (except a few deep water forms) up to the

present ‘date. Although there are -five additions to last-year’s

list! there are four names of holothurians stricken off, so that

there is only a net gain of one. Last year’s list and: the one

above given compare as follows:

1898. 1899.

-~ Asteroidea. ° a3 nd

Ophiuroidea. 7 s : ea i

Echinoidea. 8 : 8

Holothurioidea. ~ .

-- Cucumaria. 2 z

Holothuria. 4 2

Stichopus. 3 2

Synapta. I 4

Chiridota. fo) I

28 29

Of course as this list is increased, as it doubtless will be, the

above given ‘‘key”’ to the species will prove of less and less

value but it is hoped it will be of some service to students and

collectors for a few years at least.

AMHERST COLLEGE, 1899.

136 CLARK.

ite

LITERATURE REFERENCE LIST.

Clark, Hubert Lyman. Notes on the Echinoderms of Ber-

muda: Anni oN: Yo Acad.sci) Xk No. 19.9 1808:

. Heilprin, Angelo. The Bermuda Islands. Chap. VII, pp.

136-145. Philadelphia. 1889.

. Ludwig, Hubert. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien.

Arb. aus dem Zo6l.-Zoot. Ins. in Wiirzburg. II. Band. 1875.

. Ostergren, Hjalmar. Das System der Synaptiden. Ofr. of

K. Vet.-Akad.:Forh. Stockholm, 1898.

. Théel, Hjalmar. Report on the Holothuroidea. Pt. 2.

‘¢ Challenger

Reports. Zodlogy, Vol. XIV, part 39. London,

1886.

PEACE, SIV!

ECHINODERMS FROM BERMUDA.

Synapta acanthia. NOV. SP.

Fig. 1.—Anchor from posterior end of body. xX go.

Fig. 2.—Plate from posterior end of body. xX go.

Fig. 3.—Anchor from anterior end of body. x go.

Fig. 4.—Plate from anterior end of body. X90.

Fig. 5.—Abnormal anchor. x go.

Fig. 6.—Twin anchors and plate. . x 90.

Fig. 7.—Miliary granules from anterior end of body. xX 450.

Fig. 8.—Miliary granules from posterior end of body. xX 450.

Fig. 9.—Calcareous rods from the tentacles. x 450.

Fig. 1o.—Radial and interradial pieces from the calcareous ring-

xX 10.

Fig: 11.—One of the ordinary ciliated funnels. x go.

Fig. 12.—One of the large ciliated funnels. X go.

Fig. 13.—Part of a large specimen, laid open along the mid-ventral

line, to show the stomach, the straight course of the intestine, the —

large blood vessel and the row of ciliated funnels in the left dorsal. |

interradius. Nat. size.

All figures were drawn with the aid of a camera except No. 13-

(138 )

PLATE IV.

VOL. XII.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCI.

[Annas N. Y. Acap. Scti., Vol. XII, No. 8, pp. 139 to 186, Nov. 15, 1899. ]

MisivOr FOSSILS iVPES) AND SPIGURED: SPE Cl-

MENS, USED IN THE PALAZZONTOLOGICAL WORK

Oke Ra Wil TELE SOWING OWE Roe avi

INE PROB ABE TO; BE POUND: Ack Wh PiRBS=

BND PME:

R. P. WHITFIELD.

(Read November 21, 1898.)

INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION.

THE accompanying catalogue is of the types and other speci-

mens described and used in the paleontological work done by

R. P. Whitfield in the several reports and papers published

under his name, from time to time, with the exception of those

described and figured in the bulletins and memoirs of the —

American Museum of Natural History, in New York City.

Of all the forms used in the museum publications by R. P.

Whitfield, the originals are to be found in the museum collec-

tions. Consequently it has not been deemed necessary to

burden the catalogue by including them.

The generic and specific names given in the catalogue are

those under which they are published, and it has not been

considered desirable to attempt to refer them to more recently

adopted names given or proposed by various authors.

The first column gives the name under which the species or

specimen is described. The second column gives a citation of

the work where it is to be found. The third column gives the

name of the collection or institution where the specimen is sup-

posed to be at the time of publication, or at the present time

(1898), so far as known to the writer. The fourth column

mentions the geological formation to which the specimen or

ANNALS N. Y. AcaApb. Sci., XII, November 15, 1899—10.

(189 )

140 WHITFIELD.

specimens used were referred at the time of their publication ;

and the last column, the locality from which they were ob-

tained, so far as known to the author.

The specimens stated to belong to the Wisconsin State col-

lection, which was located at Madison, Wis., were mostly de-

stroyed by fire some years ago, when the state buildings at that

place were partially destroyed. Many of the Cretaceous fossils

(mostly bivalves) given as being at Trenton, N. J., were de-

stroyed by fire and water at the capitol at Trenton soon after

the publication of the first volume of the New Jersey Paleon-

tology.

Among the lamellibranchiate fossils in the State Museum at

Albany and in the American Museum of Natural History in

New York are many species, the authors of which are stated to

be ‘“H. & W.” These species and several genera were written

by R. P. Whitfield, under an agreement of joint authorship

with Prof. James Hall, but published in an anonymous pam-

phlet entitled ‘‘ Preliminary Notice of the Lamellibranchiate

Shells of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Chemung

Groups, with Others from the Waverly Sandstones. (Prepar-

atory for the Paleontology of New York.) Part 2.’ See the

initials, RK: P. W., on pp. 84, 91, .93, of the pamphlet.” ihe

species are not entered in this catalogue, but they and the gen-

era referred to will be found appended thereto. _

The writer commenced the compilation of this catalogue

many years ago, under the impression that it would be an aid

to other workers, to know where such specimens described and

figured in different publications were to be found, as he has

very often felt the need of such knowledge of forms which he

has needed to compare with, or refer to, in course of his own

work.

A list of the abbreviations used for the institutions or collec-

tions and of those used for the geological formations will be

found appended.

Each specimen was originally marked with a small emerald-

sreen paper ticket, to indicate that a drawing had been made

of it for publication.

LIST OF FOSSELS. 141

ISO Abb WE VIATTONS (OR WORkRKS: Cllr DIN

AMe08, CAIDAILOG UIE,

Mes Our Conch Viol ik Amencan Jour: Conchology,

Wolwie rhiladelphiay Pasa OvVOs oO.

Expl., B. H. Rept. on the Geol. and resources of the Black

Hills of Dakota, 1880. Henry Newton and Walter P. Jen-

ney. 4to. Washington, D.C. 1880. Preliminary notice

publish. 1877.

Geol. of Wis., Vol. 4. Geol. of Wisconsin, Vol. IV. 1882.

For the years 1873-1879.

Ludlow’s Rept., 1874. Report of a Reconnaissance of the

Black Hiils of Dakota, made in the summer of 1874. Wil-

liam Ludlow. Washington, D.C. 1875. 4to.

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875. Reconnaissance from Carrol, Montana,

to the Yellowstone Park and return, 1875. William Lud-

lowmlUi Saree) Washington, 4D. Ca) 1s761) 410:

Mioc. N. J. Mollusca and Crustacea of the Miocene forma-

Hons Of New) jeney Ato. \Washineton, DiC. oR. P;

Whitfield, U. S. Geol. Surv. Monograph XXIV.

NEN Acad Scien Olnsa. Annalse Ne VYeuncad:. Sei. Vol. 11)

Nios 82 138.2:

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1. Rept. on the Brachiopoda and Lamelli-

branchiata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New

jeqseve alrenton,, NJ; 40) 1836, Monograph 1X.; U.

SuiGeolk Surv 1335.

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2. Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Rari-

tan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey. By R. P.

Whitfield. 4to. Trenton. 1892. Monograph XVIIL., U. S.

Geol)’ Suny, 10.

ial yOhio; Volkov wixept. of the Geol. Surv. of Ohio, Vol. II.

Columbus, Ohio. 1874. 4to.

Proc. B.S. N. H. Proceedings of the Boston Soc. Nat. His-

tory. Pp. 289-306 of Vol. for 1862.

Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Engineers. Transactions of the Am.

Inst. Mining Engineers, Vol. XIX. Appendix, pp. 103-106.

142 WHITFIELD.

23d, 24th, 27th St. Cab. Annual Reports of the Regents of

the Univ. on the New York State Cabinet of Nat. Hist. at

Albany, N. Y. 1870 onward.

4oth Paral. Surv. U.S. Geol. Expl. of the 4oth Parallel. By

Clarence King. | Vol. IV. 4to, Washinsten: Di @ vire77z

ABBREVIATIONS “USED T0- DENOTE COLEREe

TIONS WHERE” THE SPECIMENS Nis

BE FOUND.

A. M. N. H. American Museum of Natural History, New

York City.

A. N. Sci. Phil. Acad. Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.

C. B. Andrews. Collection at Lancaster, Pa.

Columbia College. Collection at Columbia University, New

York City

Dr. Knapp. Formerly at Louisville, present location of speci-

mens unknown.

Dyer Coll. Collection of C. B. Dyer, now at Cambridge,

Mass.

High School, Whitewater, Wis. A collection formerly located

in that High School.

N. Y. St. Mus: State Cabinet of Nat. Hist. at Albany, N. Y.,

now known as the State Museum.

Ohio St. Coll. State Museum at State University, Columbus,

Ohio.

Prof. J. Hall. Prof. Hall’s Collection, made subsequent to the

sale of his first collection to Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.

Rutgers College. At New Brunswick, N. J., some of the

specimens referred to this collection may be in Trenton and zice

versa.

Trenton. State Collection at Trenton, N. J., some of those

thus referred may be at Rutgers College.

Univ. Cal. State Univ. at Berkeley, Cal., in collection sold to

them by R. P. Whitfield.

U.S. Nat. Mus. U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.

U. P. James. Of Cincinnati, Ohio.

LIST OF, FOSSILS. 1438

White Coll. Collection sold to Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor,

Michigan, by Dr. C. A. White.

Wis. St. Coll. State Collection formerly at Madison, Wis.,

part of which has been destroyed by fire.

Abbe VTALIONS USED TO DENOTE GEOLOGICAL

FORMATIONS.

C. M. Coal measures.

Cret. No. 4. Number 4 of Meek & Hayden’s Cretaceous sec-

tion of the Upper Missouri regions = Dakota.

Chester. Chester limestones or Kaskaskia group.

Cret. L. M. Cretaceous Lower Marls of New Jersey.

Cret. M. M. Cretaceous Middle Marls of New Jersey.

Cret. U. M. or Up. M. Base of Upper Marls of New Jersey

underlying the Farmingdale or Eocene beds.

H. R. or Hud. Riv. The Hudson River or Cincinnati beds.

le inelds ome Elelderb) ower blelderbers formations off

New York.

L. Carb. Lower Carboniferous or Sub-carboniferous.

Quebec. Metamorphic or disturbed Lower Silurian beds,

exact age not determined.

Up. Carb. Upper Carboniferous or Coal Measures.

Up. Helderb. Upper Helderberg limestone = Corniferous of

Authors.

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sci., XII, November 15, 1899.—II.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

PLANTZ.

HIPPODOPHYCHUS. |

CowlesimW hi thiby perseccecsinecsleseeseeasccemercese ns: | 23d) Rept. St. Cab:3.p: 204. cn. jeesseesereeee Prepeoe

PALAOCHORDA. |

rarabones WN) mNHe, {8/012 Ranbapenacen icoucooc coc scouccHBECoae | Expl..Black Hills, Pl. 1, Fig. 2.000.000) .cccsescenvanme

PALZOPHYCUS. |

occidentalis Whitf., type.............ececeeeeeceeeeceees | Expl. Black Hills, Bl. 1, Pig 23 )cecsee ee seeeee eee

PlaMOsusHWihitts, Cy Pe: <.0 se. sncamaamtccelsceesenee nie | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Fig: > s2esnecscasseeceeee

SEO actin ssics cis ie seran oai ARO RENSNO Helos ow ve a cioiad bits | Expl. Black Hills,-Pl. 1, Figs) Ticcesee-eeeeeereeeee

ANIMALIA. |

PROTOZOA.

CAUNOPORA |

planulata vEl Gc Wig typeatesnancsacsssccsesesssscsroes | 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl.-9; Fig. 25oicnn.essssene tee

CERIONITES. |

dactyloides: Owen spsrereermoececocccccssasesceurcmaces Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl., Figs. 1-3............+ceceres

| .

RECEPTACULITES.

Devonicus Whitf., type.........ccecseseceeeeeeeee renee oe Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 6, Figa tO: temmesee

inemiispliericus: ball auemomeetenancass...s.nodeee sees | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 13, Fig: 4n20.20--pnesceneeeeee

Ohioensis H. & W. » type Weme erating ove g tee ae | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. ©, Wig. 1..)...2.0207-css-weaeee

@yweniy balls 2: Seana einen eet, Lc mei Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. £0, Fig: 7..0..2.-.2ss-sseeee

STROMATOPORA. |

erratica El. Gz Winitypencaeseertcces oves<cssecsmssoees | 234 NM St. Cab., Pl. 10, p. 226... 0. eiseeem

expansa EH. (02 Wtaty pe meer eeereeiiistsscuce saa lene | Be ek 9, Fig. Toe eeeeeeeee esse eee ees

(CanosTroma) incrustans Igooi W., type. sssnneee [66 EO 66 PLO, PIG 3a leew eee eee

a solidula H. & W. htype.s cee 66 OE 66 OC OR). Ol PISS Ac ceueeeeee ee eee |

DICTYONEMA. |

mersracile Hl w8e Wi wutypemeenccrn: ses s-oascsaercastect | 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 181 ; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, I

INOCAULIs. |

Ibellay El.) Sai Wa), typeisncmcmccectnicesissececas ise sencee | Pal:-Ohio; Vol-s2, Bl. 6) igs 2722 ce snare eeeeenceee

CCELENTERATA. |

ACERVULARIA. |

nmequalis EL. ci Wis, typenastsemecestee dc srstssschesee | 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 9, Bigs. ii—=T2syereeeeeneee

ALVEOLITES.

irregularis Whitf., tyPe.........csseeeceseeeeeeeeeeeeees | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Figs. 1-2. ..........c000e

Rockfordensis Els GciWe sity pen aeneneessmce cece scans 23d) Rep. St’ Cab., pi -220.ts-e-cancss sn eseeeeeeeeena

AMPLEXUS

annulatus Whith sity De. acc-ccemsactnsceeecsenetiese teins Geol. ES ; Vol. 45) PIP 23)-Bigss S= lies steer

fenestratusavVhiti.,: typeusds-ceacecteet eaten aces ee be ASub le Ts, Figs. I—3\. osactencseoseer

ASTROCERIUM. i

VETAUStUM, Laas) sacs omc atmo cuaieea tee eeeeeee ees anes Geol. Wis., Vol., 4, Pl. 13, Figs. 8-10............

AULOPORA, |

Mowensisiaie 6c Wis itypeu. a. ccceacecdecsereacsitenecne: 23d Rep: St: Cabs, sRlG TO; hior snes eeeeeeneeeeeeenee

Saxdvia dames 0c Wis iby pC.cesa-nsetcecseeeereeeeenetemaee | ea 1 10, Fig. Go. 2b bbe sdaoan cee Teor

PLANT A47-—CCELENTERATA.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOcALITY.

: WANE WA State: Muss. -c..2éccsce.cssces je Chemumn pipeeesceeees

| Ws Si Nets IWS erosnoeeoncanbopodes Rotsdameeeeeeeee

PWS Neats MuSiac.ccocoecoetewse sos Rots amet eeeee

\RAGBUISIE CO) Rats sn praatiinasoncaeccs Apes eA ee

(WES wiNate Muss: assist sacs tenes Se Oi aN

600 |) INTs Wo (SHENG NOUS), cosaqdansonsaoonene Chemunotpeeetsceees

| Waive Callen forte ercicesie scnismesieies eeNitia oalralerererecreract

NWinivan Gallien icc kt acs etka as | Up. Helderb. Lime

Gh rears eeeeaNces Scaeasce sch cae WeNifaparaleecteeeneacte

OhiomStatesColli ee oes ese eee OME SPA P A MEP aane ee

NWiiseestate: Colle eee onsaas Galena eereceeeees

WNGo Nie State Mus... islicess fo. _ Up. Helderb. Lime

36 Oe ip iora uae sche liataais meme | Chemung eeeeeeeeee

66 66 66 | 1G

Ceacoe eg ME Leh ca ee hee iM

DisakGnapp pieer acascceueceersanecsee ce | INiagakate-caeaceuee

@hiogS tates Collies steereeeseteee INilalparasseerees ceme.

INT, Mo tSHEMUS) IMU, Cs nososocoodosonaene | Chemung wees

Wiis Siete (COM coscsosnoccsonsonssee | Jebel Roheeqcssdasod

INGEes Staten Miu steacese eee eeee ree jeObemungeeei. pean

Nise State Colla i... seamen Guelphgee es |

a6 OG ico eS cde nate weniaateene ere see WeNiagaraseensen csc.

Wane Callife....5: suc caee aeons WeNialgarareaeenae eee

INS Wo SHEED WOU Scsdoconeoonosso0de ap Chemung. 75.0560

eee ccceeccos

eee cess corce

Salamanca, N. Y.

| Redwater Valley, B. Hills.

| Mendota, Wis.

Redwater Valley, B. Hills.

Hackberry, Iowa.

| Waukesha, Wis.

| Yellow Springs, Ohio.

| ?

| Waterloo, Iowa.

Rockford, Iowa.

Hackberry, Lowa.

Louisville, Ky.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Rockford, Iowa.

Iron Ridge, Wis.

Hackberry, Lowa.

Carlton, Wis.

Cato’s Falls, Wis.

Rockland Ledge, Wis.

Hackberry, Iowa.

Rockford, Lowa.

it M. N. of Columbus, Ohio.

WHITFIELD:

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

PLANT.

HIPPODOPHYCHUS.

Cowlesi Whitf., type.........sscscsseseeerser ceeeeceeoes

PALAOCHORDA.

prima Whitf., type. .......ccsccseceeescnecsecenenereeees |

PALAOPHYCUS.

occidentalis Whitf., type..........::0cseeeseeseseseeeeees

plumosus Whitf., type..........secssseecnseeeereeeeen ees

IDs? seqacQcoonbcts00nb0de0800000 ecbop oogDoe bap apaneddeda aco.

ANIMALIA.

PROTOZOA.

CAUNOPORA

Plamulatay G2 Wie, tyes trecweevertdnecegecrescsesreees

CERIONITES.

dactyloides Owen Sp. ...........0scscsscesecsencansceees |

RECEPTACULITES.

Devonicus Whitf., type.........sccs.cseeeeneeeeeeeeeers

hemisphericus Hall

Ohioensis H. & W., typ

Oweni Hall. .............. SD DHODEOE ASS CO FUG IBDE CORE CAREER

STROMATOPORA.

eimatied Els GS Wi, ty PCscvccc-erserest«ceseecevcuvieesese

G6 solidula H. & W., type.......... 2

DICTYONEMA.

pergracile H. & W.,

INOCAULIs.

ell ambien ct WissntyPCraadscatisscosedeserasseesanecvesene

CCELENTERATA.

ACERVULARIA.

inequalis H. & W.,

ALVEOLITES.

irregularis Whitf., type..............sssccssssccsceceeees

Rockfordensis H. & W., type. ............:ececeeeeeee

AMPLEXUS

annulatus Whitf., type. ..........sssssscesecesssssesseere

fenestratus Whitf., type..............ccseseeeecsseseeees

ASTROCERIUM.

SEWUSHINM ELA ee aescspssjeceiste'setvetleasaleces sls acen axis

AULOPORA,

MOM EDSIS alle ROC VV <5 CPC. cce-eveesesaecsceacwencdereiee

saxivada H. & W.,

LIST OF FOSSILS

PLANT &—CCE:LENTERATA.

WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED.

lezgd'Repta St. Cab. sp: 204 sys se nee ON eaten State Mus\...-.<ccs<nevecoses.

| Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 1, Fig. 2.cccccsccsessceseseee Wepre Nat, MUS. 520 Jcsvevreessvieas

| Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 1, Fig. 3..ccce0cc<secceseeee RaW etS: Nett Mitts: Jesu: euch od-0s:

[Geols Wish) Vol4, Ble n, Bigs is cere-c-cssseret se oo ||) NGS Stine Co) | Eee ne

lex Blacks Enlss irr. Hice Uy regssescsn sce) tea Wasim MUSs cecseccacecenseceass

| iv IN ew otaten Muse shecconcescceas ss

| AUhontig (CHIN, sacbocenbeeaceeeee babeceer

|,N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 6, Fig, 10..............fh....-- li UWinivee Galli aria eer, oo weenie en

Geol Wis; Vol.4, Pie 13) Hig. As essere teense “ Ge sare

Pal. Ohio, Vol, 2) PG) Bigs toe Pala @ ioiStater Collec) ise ae

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 10, Fig. Jevsucssssssssseee INE, Gets Colle es.

| 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 10, p. 226 vaccecesesesesseaeee Penman static sive: eke eae |

[COR eam ee IRC Sab eee NS St COS orc gn ae er a0

Wie eo en. <6 < Deo. Rigs 9-1 5 hee High OSS UG a doit cry ceo cea

Gcemg atts Caxet eel. Gx Fig’ Al a BD A ORG ecoccaeotereceoneee

| 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 181; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, F Dr. Wnappiercsrseraarccaccnestnes toe

IAG Oi), Well JA O, TS 2 eecocn. ennonsennocece sos Esbooaod | Ohio State Coll...............ss000es

23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 9, Figs. 11-12.........00.e00 Pagans Ifo 3c, ISTE WH See goovacononovencenea

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Figs. 1-2. ..s.sesseeeee veal | Wis Statel Coll resdetmeeredeas=as

2gdeRepy st: Cabs, p.- 220ss:.sscesneerseeeee see esesneeee thie Ni. Y. State: Mursieescesssesseeereene

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 23, Figs. 8-11. cscs boas ivisestate Collis maeeeneerese

He Ee Va. Pl, rg publ o se E—Styse...deceaeeeeee tees uf $6 seteereeeeteeenecerens

Geol. Wis., Vol., 4, Pl. 13, Figs. 8-10......ss0escenerePreceees Univ. Calif......ssseseseeeeeeeeeeceees

23d Rep. St. Cab., Pl. 10, Fig. 5 ....ccseccceeeceseeronenseee N, Y. State Mus...........000see0ee ;

fe ae te Pl to, Fig. 6, 3.55:-.20eeeeeee (OE aa enteenenecsneneens

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOcALity.

Chemuncaeeeeeseeee | Salamanca, N. Y.

Potsdam.............. | Redwater Valley, B. Hills.

ROtSd andy westeeseeee | Redwater Valley, B. Hills.

ee ee ea tree | Mendota, Wis.

CEs Ses ener Redwater Valley, B. Hills.

Clremun payee | Hackberry, Iowa.

INES eas eccoontee Waukesha, Wis.

Up. Helderb. Lime

INTEYEET Ens. coooneceann

Galenameaneseenrees

Up. Helderb. Lime

Chemung. ...........

“ce

Guelph. ..............

Niagara..............

Niagara........0ss0+8

Chemung............

“ce

it M. N. of Columbus, Ohio.

Waukesha, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Waterloo, Iowa.

Rockford, Iowa.

Hackberry, Lowa.’

ce “ce

Louisville, Ky.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Rockford, Iowa.

Iron Ridge, Wis.

Hackberry, Iowa.

Carlton, Wis.

Cato’s Falls, Wis.

Rockland Ledge, Wis.

Hackberry, Iowa.

Rockford, Iowa.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. | WHERE PUBLISHED.

Ceelenterata— Continued. |

CAMPOPHYLLUM. |

VATA EL et CONV Vistay EYE erottcienlete oisiclo so cite eitncletctereetecteracleiae | 23d. Rept. St-Cab., p 232) 0. i. .ce.seaessee eee

» CHATETES. |

HUSIFOLIMIS| VVNIti ty Del eres. cussions sscseseceeeoeseiicsies | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Figs. 13-14..........0.

CHONOPHYLLUM (PTYCHOPHYLLUM). |

eliipticumilp He roca Vin, ALY DES. «or. cnaanesesemtineeee seas | 23d Rept. St. (Cab.,, Pl.:o, Pigs 3is-seeeee eee

CLADOPORA. |

MAGMA el Ce NVA IM EYP Cs alsc ace sacs sreceeienmesesseesie: <s | 23d Rept. St. Cab.; Pl 10, Figs. 3-40)... .eeaaeeey

Palinmatiam ile rGca Wie iCYPC: case soe ne cr enecemeeretee sec = Miss oa 66) 66 Pl. 10, Figaitieane cece ae eee

PROMIICA EL Oza Wig ALY DE... 1c.+cscseeuemteatectes i re si 6660 CPL OP 1St 25a eee

CYATHAXONIA. |

Wisconsensis Whitf., type............--c+ececeeeeceeees | Geo. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 14, Figs’ 3—5-2...-.spesene

CysTIPHYLLUM. |

mundulum H. & W., type.........-sssseseerereeesseres | 23d Rept. St. Cab., p. 23420... scncscsseaeestersemeee

CysTOSTYLUS. |

infundibulum Whitf., type................ceeeeeeeseeees | Geol. Wis.) Vol. 4, Pl. 14, Fig. 7-5

GYPUCUS WIE LC DC vosesoisc sc ais>. oececaciemeenmaceteceect reas «c Vol.-4, Pl. 14, Figs) 8=0)05---sseeeeee

FAVOSITES. |

Occidens WHI AIty PEs. .u6c.22 55. sacescectteneetinnteees | Geol. Wis., Vol.-4, Pl 23; Wigs: 6-72 esseeneeeeee

HALYSITES.

Catena tusioimMMese ce stiges ws ceils weve ove celeemeee incre Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 10; Fig! 6.20.2.2.c.seessene

6¢ Cement atss sc citieincifianaie oe eo RE REECE (eaeacrs “¢ WVol. 45 Bl 13) Migs: 3=7eeeseeee :

OG var. labyrinthicus Goldf. ..............66+ Ot é¢.. Vol. 4; Pl.-135 Pigs [eens eee

ee var. micropora Whitf., type.........c066. retanse 6¢ Vol. 4, Plint3, HigtiGkteees-a-eeeeeeee

LopHOPHYLLUM. | -

Cal CeOlaaWerGa Vir OV PCM ecie secs .'s ones sneseeeeeaeeees | Proc. Boston S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 305....... s+.

MICHIEL INTAIS piviwesesinstitereaisscine: os. sess cadneemesoser se 4cth Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Fig. 19.........

OMPHYMA.

Stolcsesiviial sacollramertaecctcicici ess s+. cases meeeeeeeree Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 14, Fig. 10............-200

GD Geaneosndsonsocouesc00add cous cuoU aoc oR eH EREnGeoocuoaucodob oC “6 Vol. 4, PID 15,) Fis: 40s .ceeseecs seer

PACHYPHYLLUM.

SOli tari uma ed sa COMER Ab YD Ose rnicltcs sss ccsseeum sees 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 9, Figs.-6—8: 2. -cssesceee

Woodmani White sp., type.........0.-ccceeeeeeeeeceees Ee roames 66) 6 PIN OS Fist) On eeeeeee eee

SMITHIA.

ohammni Fl. CcoWienahypeseestettecnecccsc.s. 5. -0.dcsaseer 23d Rept. St. Cab. , Pl--9; Pig. gl... s-seeeee ae

mmultinadiata del p Scam type wsceracisisstcc\- c+. +e -sceeenee oy fo OO 66% SECT 2 3A each aneeee eR eC EEE creer

STROMBODES.

pentag onus Gold fe ieassseeecere ssc: ss + cecleiar Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 15, Fig. 5.........-<-----te

STYLASTRAA.

Anna Whitt) vty, pescscsccceecne samen toseecisle ooces eel | N.Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 6, Figs) 1-5) esse

SYRINGOPORA. |

verticellata*Goldfji.cvseessecsteeeeserteeesenccss ss Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 14, Fig. 6..............000

ZAPHRENTIS.

BICTEN NMVGas'a Binning enroseneeoodaoooacboos. cond0oQcdens Proc. Bost. S: N- Hi, Wol.783p: 3002..cssseeeeeeer

Glitfordana Eid) (Sees ese ce ee eeeo ne encanto: | N. ¥. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 1-3......

RacinensisaWihitfy sty pes-cscscecnescceeetecemscecces es | Geol Wis:, Volk4, Plr4, Bigsii—2.eeeeeeee se

Solidamld. SoaWi- sity pOncsscosacemeeesmeestcereeectercaee | 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 9, Fig. 5.......-.-.eec0-+-s

CCELENTERATA.

= TT = = = = a

| WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE. | LOcALIry,

Hoon MEN Oi State Mus¢--osc...cec.sesc0e0: | Chemunioeeeeeeece | Rockford, Iowa.

a WriCaneese eee || Elude Rives): |\lronlRidgen Wis

Seana | N. Y. State Mus..................... | Chemung............ | Rockford, Iowa.

Lele eit Neve state Mish sac. crceesceesiee | Up. Helderb....... | Waterloo, Iowa.

| ce oe 66 | oe “eé ce ce

Sadeooull Nyse Staten Colllesaen sac sseserse i peNagaT ars... cee. | Racine, WIS:

1A atin | N. VY. State Mus..................... | Chemung............ | Rockford, Iowa.

Sade (Wiowhy,” (Callie, soscannoocnsbooabgancosucoo al INTEVSENE) Geog soconcsue. | dese Kerboree Nic

se. feat es Ris au ass mamas atte sles WY aocenie aul Catos Vast

eee Witsenstate: Colleen secensceesectedsen | Guelphcccss.ses-c.e: | Ozaukee, Wis:

| |

aise Wismstatey Colleyuerscases seis eee) Mebnenton sss seen ene mleockton Mle

ies Wham @aliiftmen acter sccseteletacee secu |e Niagata sobre moturgeon. Bay, Wis:

66 | 66 66 a 6

ye OY BRM d. Aatedineicepanaeet| 6O seeceeeeseees. | Bailey?s Harbor, Wis.

Seibiatee MEINE Midis esacsnnsacnoneaseeeeoe || WAVetbyaee cease. ma ieDurlington. Lowa:

Mtge) | (Ols Se INTE, MUTI Ccocosoanobdbooncoone |) NAMEN pacsosoccose |) Clepibiado Wham Of eo,

AaB eWinliven Calittenmescccceencseceecece im Nlamaraene wn os lal watosa.) WAS:

| Sein AEST e oink cee Tee aaah vee LOTSA ARS ee en aa £6 oe

HR I NeWeState Musweener eines Chemung............ | Rockford, Iowa.

ce ce é | 6é ee

dewoue (UNE Wenotate Must cs meemeenee- cela Chemunes nase. blackberry, Lowa:

> 66 ce 6é nae 6é oe

HE Wnty Calitry cc eccanseeeeen cece y Niagara nase. clmked) Rivers Wis:

HH ed Wii. Califey....cs+sceteccanentece | 9 Ups lelderbye.se.. |), baulding, Co. , Ohie:

ae | Winivas Califa sano asc-vecceeeseeneeeas eNIagatarseeseecs.o. | Rockville, Was.

dagoee | UNE MieNeEle esse sccssceceeeeeeee teem Wa ieLly: soceeecesee.:, | Burlington, Lowa.

Sane | Univ. Calif.....................0... | Chester Limestone | Newtonville, Ohio.

Ai oane pa Witsepotaten Collis.) aeecucmeeeeenan Niagara secs. | Racine, Vis.

Jaseee IN] Wey State Mustceeatc 1 eee Chemung: ).24.+2-. |) Rockford.) lowa.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

CQZELENTERATA.

Name, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE Pua ————— oe e sites LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE, |

Ceelenterata — Continued. ie |

CAMPOPHYLLUM. |

nanum H. & W., type....secccreceeretereceeessereeen noes eo chia St Cab.;p 232... aie | N. Y. State MuS..-ceeceesereceserees Chemung ...........

CHATETES. ' : : TM eeeveshaneene! p

fusiformis Whitf., type.....0:+ssescseersereesenenee reese Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. £1, Figs. 13-14 Univ: Califire-cnnssaeteneenaaeeeaaaatie Tshul, IRON Aesoeeeseeee

CHONOPHYLLUM (PTYCHOPHYLLUM).

ellipticum H. & W., tyPe.ssseeeeeseessesseeeeeeeees 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 9, Fig N.Y, State Mus.sssccsssseeseeeeees @hemung...........

CLADOPORA.

magna H. & W., type...c.:s-seesssseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeenes 23d Rept. St. Cab., PI. N. Y. State Mus.....scseseeeesersees Up. Helderb.......

palmata H. & W., type. ...cceccecsseeeccnteeeeeeeeceees CG-2G0 meee» P), oe ae rf CC, ERR oeeeice 6G OG "yaaa

prolifica H. & W., type......s.scecseeeeeeeeeeeen scenes Gey GG CGS ae 6c: ee Gb G6 eceeree

CYATHAXONIA. : | :

Wisconsensis Whitf., type.........cssceeeeeecneeeeeeees Geo Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 14, Figs. 3-5 | Wis. State Coll... .aaaaneinreeee Niagara ..............

CysTIPHYLLUM. | |

mundulum H. ie \W/a, 180 2socbo-nonannanacoaandg=nosogs0 23d Rept. St. Cab., p. 234 IN. V.:State Mus.aeeeeeereeeneeses Chemung ............

CyYSTOSTYLUS. |

infundibulum Whitf., type.............seseseseeseeeees Geol. Wis:, Vol. 4, Pl. 14, Fig. Fiiiscscsscsh Meise. iUniv. Calif... scaaeanmememeettsteteettistatt Niagara ...........06

Ey PUGHSMV VUE fag aLY DE siteeeieinetelta= ier )see=sieletialseeeterler uG CeViolke45, Pl. 14, FigsiiS=ommers sss ye Ta canoe cc ei

FAVOSITES. |

OGEIGENs NVM by PCrersensermceseeae oss eieneleismsecie Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 23, Figs. 6-7....:c:sscee y=. Wis. Statel@olleteeeememeeeeeee rest Gilelphicts...-0-se50s

HALYSITES.

CALSMMMAMIS MUI M seveeveiceacenercetcrcteceaececatereccceses Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 10, Fig. 6.....c.cccccuen Ba | Wiss States COllneneeeeentteseser nists Bie ntOnersesie ween

SS OD heaenhictiicvc esti aailectae loaSeeces easels OG “© Vol. 4, Pl 13, Figs. 3 re UVa Calif ice. ccenacsescoetnctcentencs Niagara ............+5

se var. labyrinthicus Goldf. .............0+6+ 6G OG WO, 7 Laleae BRIN. Yloocos ee Sa atctsnia eaiasinstetcnsceec aisiaslsie OG careso089e0000

«¢ var. micropora Whitf., type.............. fs © Vol. 4, Pl. 13, Fig. O..ccccceesesereetrees MMMM Tere Coser. ica ccusets CCB Rr dascilasteasetes

LOPHOPHYLLUM.

aleeolan WisiGO\Vi.g LY PCccssssccasccecussececcenssscs .... | Proc. Boston S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 305-100 see =: AC VIMIRIN BE eit encase Waverly...........00

MVINGEUMIGUNTAYS Distbives esnastteae vewslsjeapeecededasauecovsdseusse acth Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Fig. 19.10 Seeemsee USSNaGa Nis eee eres . | Waverly. ..........+

OMPHYMA. e ’

LOK CSIM Cl SOI EL emo ectons sajssiesui cine cnceoossececteueaeee Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 14, Fig. 1O...+:scrss Laas Calpe eeReeRe Se acdc cis Niagara ..........000

SPREE ers een oatec aieaiavioscaclsteasdyweeve shaeneaaee iets “ “© Vol. 4, Pl. 15, Fig. 4 ; Dp BocticonncoSe cyan nee ne A ewcaeinast ec

PACHYPHYLLUM. N.Y

pes Meeamttr EA Ge Won iby Gy. sess stcsbaeisasbacvssecuude 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 9, Figs. 6-B..:-s:-senr errs: > ©: State Micteieeis.... | Chemung +...

Woodmani White sp., type....00sssssssssncen Be ee te? BY 9, Fig, Quon netenes = CES

SMITHIA. N.Y

Nota EL Gc Wi ibyperccresessssesessesceeseeleesece 1. 9, Fig. TOssrscreerree i - Y. State Mus.......,

multiradiata H. &W., iS [oleae weve te een a oe ae ey we oe ane Daya: gen Lee ee. Choaung Pa cuuae!

STROMBODES. 5 Uni ese

DEMeAPONTISAG Old ss tre.sceccs.ncseseteoesouseeecee cece Geols Wis:, Vola, Ely 15, Higiee = ie E BUY. Calif. eet NAW ATA Hecesustc

STYLASTRA&A. = Wat -

‘Ania, VIVES (a fol onasmeee ocean ee N. Y. Acad, Sci,, Vol. 5, Pl- 6 8s me Bag on-site Up. Helderb........

SyRINGoPoRA, : Me, | Unitees: ; ‘

“TATRA EA 10) (a aaa ee Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 14, Fig: Ota SEL Oe oe ee Niagara ......eeceeees

ZAPHRENTIS. witteees. | AMON m 0080

ta W. of a Grscnecer Ot eeeee NRE

Clitfordan aul me BaDODBOAbUAGeRaOAD Ana. Kespe rede son Proc. Bost. S. N. H., Vol. s yi aries 1-3. sss. | Univ, Calipso eattteceees Waverly ........++0++

2 OTL N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, ra oe Tete IS. State Cop] ttreeeeeeees Chester Limestone

Geol Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 14, rg: aes State Mus Geotnealvewalsiemescosic Niagara Santopiateldicivie’eeiy

23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 9, Hig wong ——— See os Chemung. ........+-.

Locauiry,

Rockford, Towa.

Iron Ridge, Wis.

Rockford, Iowa.

Waterloo, Iowa.

ee “ce

ce “ce

Racine, Wis.

Rockford, Iowa.

Racine, Wis.

| Cato, Wis.

Ozaukee, Wis.

Rockton, Ill.

Sturgeon Bay, Wis.

7 oe co

Bailey’s Harbor, Wis.

Burlington, Iowa.

Ogquirrh Mts., Utah.

Wauwatosa,

eé

Wis.

Rockford, Iowa.

(3 ce

Hackberry, Iowa.

Red River, Wis.

Paulding Co., Ohio.

Rockville, Wis.

Burlington, Lowa.

N ewtonville, Ohio.

Racine, Wis.

Rockford, Iowa.

ees

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

ECHINODERMATA.

ACTINOCRINUS.

WapuneglalleetvMelcascccsiosessececsccacereecccase sees

CML UY PEs steacicisoccescesteccicessssveeceless seciaces

Eelncepelalll types caccciscessceeacseessiscedeacerneice

viminalis Hall, type

ASTERIAS.

? dubius Whitf.,

eevee eee eeeeee soe oecers cescerecevesese

EY) E atelolsiielaloreisisilolatelseleisieyars sie scisielejotsiefatars

CYATHOCRINUS.

Maxvillensis Whitf.,

OMATUS HOAV sc scan-cevissesseeseestasenes itecairiesiaaisceeeeeee

Somersi Whitf., type

Cee e reece ccccceceseccrscsescvceseeD

EUCALYPTOCRINUS.

cornutus Hall, type

crassus Hall

eee e reece ceeesoreeesctesescccesecescecn

Se ee wcrc wee ancacnc acces ccrcssesosescssccsesesen

eer eeecce eee sercereoeeseseccceparsesecees

FORBESIOCRINUS.

communis Hall, type

Kelloggi Hall, type

tardus Hall, type

Cece eecccccaseeesecsreroeseoesscoo0e

Pee eee re cerece recs cers sesees reeves coe

eer ee ese vescenccsees ser esesecsecesseeeeee

GILBERTSOCRINUS.

SPUN Serpe al esa ca acc cicwinciseve eis secsnesuawemocens

GLYPTOCRINUS.

AGM OSUS) MiGCHESMEYccwaieceseoics-cescess:chcsececouscoete

nobilis Hall, type

emt wee eer sec ccc r reser ees ecercseeesescee

GLYPTASTER.

occidentalis Hall

Peet cere ere ewes ens te eeeeeesecreeceescceces

MELOCRINUS (CTENOCRINUS).

Bainbridgensis H. & W.,

PENTACRINUS.

asteriscus M.

CO i ti ras

Corer sees eresesor reese enceesesesee.ceces

PENTREMITES.

elegans Lyon

subcylindricus H. & W.,

Peewee eee e rece ee wees ee se eee se seesenecenstsece

PLATYCRINUS.

Bedfordensis H.

contritus Hall, type

& W.,

Deni ie i rary

eraphicus sal Mtiyperccscsscscemasiescactsessce sce hans

Lodensis H.

prematurus H. & W.,

Richfieldensis H.

&W.,

& W.,

POTERIOCRINUS.

crineus Hall, type

Pleias Hall, type

(SCAPHIOCRINUS) Corycia Hall

Feber reece we eet eeeeeeseereseeeaeseee

Se i errr

scene ee eee reer esesesee

SACCOCRINUS.

ornatus H. & W., type

eer eee eee eee eee ee ry

WWennesseenSislncoste. sence eae ener eee

| Geol peas, Vel’ 4 Pl. 16, Fig. 11

| Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 16, Figs. 3-4

Pal. Ohio, Vol a) my Be Fig i eeseese

66 66 (O5Q—lOs eee

ge a6 8G oe 66.» Save oeeee

ee 66 (a4 be ce 12-14 ay ee

Expl Black Hills; Rl 3; Bign3-.e- acer

N. Y. Acad. Nat Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Fi

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 16, Figs. 1-2........

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 15, Figs. 4-

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 16, Figs. 5-7

Hell Olle Wels 25 PINs (6; Fig. 1G EeePearacaadll

(0 Bigs 22) haces

eer ceeen

ce “ce 6é 6é

N. Y. Acad. Sci, Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig 12..|

ete eee ey

6 Bigs .O—=lOsey

Pal; Ohio, Vol:)2, Pligr3; Figs2—s.ee ene

| Expl Black Hills, Pl. 3, Figs. 1-2...........

- goth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 16..

N. Y. Acad. Sci. Vol. 5, Pl 13, Fig. Tit

Pals @hio; Viol-:2;7RIRO™ Bigs nance

eal Ohio, Vola bl l35 Hig. Arsene

COU MPL SPL, Higa Aeiccccereres

Ge “c G5 - Ab gtity Fig. Bik oa serene

ot Ge seal II, Fig. Bw ccaievstocene

OG 6G oe) PING; Bigsan3—Oreeeneees

a6 oe 6 Plena Pigs Denese

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 12, Figs 6-7........

ee 6 és (5S WEI gS ea seers

ot ce 36 66s Dig: (ORS aee cere

Pal. hic; Nels 2, Pl 16; igs) 7-9) eee

ic ‘| (Bipthao a eee

ECHINODERMATA.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

peeee

neeee

seeee

secee

oeeee

secre

,ecoee

poses

pooese

pe seoe

pe cece

yeceee

coccce

| Ohio State Coll

INGE Ver Statee Miustusccscaccarccnasene |

ce ce ce

Beer eccesesccosecsese

eevee cece eeeeescecce

(ie Sue Nira Gh Sue tose eigen

Ohrors tates Colleen eeeeee cee

Waist states Colleeccessenuaueencsnccs

Univ. Calif.....

IN URNINDUE Te se |

Una, (CAINE cosscecasasceoode Batrsianoe |

Olney Sere COU bcasanesboocssconoea 5

INTG Ws. SGI IN GIG GA canineonoucooadane

be ee ‘

eee eee eeeseccccvecce

ee wee c cere eee ees ceseseses

1} WW, Stati Coll cocsscascsouseconese

I @hhiosStater Colle sors eae

Wes Sie Na a Miisieeee erent ere

ee e be

ster ewes cccccccsseeeee

Hee ccc ent tees sccove

(a3

Columbias Colley eae

(lesinive (Calntise iio eee ea ale

INE; State: Mus: eee eeeeeee renee

ce ce ce

ee ces ecceresecseseces |

6é ce 66

SOOO OOOO i iirc

ran Gall nies Oe 2 areata ate

wees ecco eeeeee

eee ee reer eeece

sJUTASSI Ceeeeee secrete

Chester lime.........

Ni agianayere aster tlsiee

| Coal Measures......

ees eeecreeeece

ee erry

were eect sence

INiagaraleeeereaceete

Huron Shales

Jurassic

Chester Lime.......

INiaganageessrcsee

ied Sivall exist

Wiaverlyseeeseeeseece

Cee EN Sat paNAE. Seals

Ser nm Map uoatore eisai

Niagara

Waverly

Richfield, Ohio.

6e oe

ce ce

_ Spear Fish Creek, Black Hills.

Newtonville, Ohio.

Waukesha, Wis.

Carbon Hill, Ohio.

_ Racine and Waukesha, Wis.

| Cedarville, Ohio,

Springfield, Ohio.

| Richfield, Ohio.

Columbus, Ohio.

Racine, Wis.

66 6é

Racine, Wis.

Bainbridge, Ohio.

Black Hills.

Pah-Ute Mts., Nev.

| Newtonville, Ohio.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

| Bedford, Ohio.

| Richfield, Ohio.

Lodi, Ohio.

Cedarville, Ohio.

| Richfield, Ohio.

66 ce

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

66 ce ce

_—) <-> |

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

ECHINODERMATA. ;

ACTINOCRINUS.

Daphne Hall, type Pal. Ohio, Well 2 Pl on, Figs ohh ..2.0s esse Risener

Bris Hall) types.:..........sccccenee G6 se 6) 1910. op ene «cfoaeeetae

LelicesElall ty percencsrceesesceses & a OG ss 6 R= 8. vente omnes

viminalis Hall, type Ga ee GG be “¢ 12-14

ASTERIAS.

PIdubUIS aVVinithe, Ly PCs.-0-s-s-escenoccecntennve aacere se Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 3, Fig. 3.............]s-ccoe

CYATHOCRINUS.

Maxvillensis Whitf., type .............sscseseessesereee N. Y. Acad. Nat Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 5

COUMALUS | SAY. c,c0s-~eosececnensnssenenee oounmobadtodendoad Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 16, Figs. 1-2.......J....+.

DSOMELSINVV Mi tiny by POreteeseeeneeeetessctacseennssersteeses N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 15, Figs. 44-5.....-

EUCALYPTOCRINUS.

COUN S EEL al lyphy PC useere nse nscececawelenseressacee secs. Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 16, Figs. 5-7.......J.s+0++

QRSUS, TSIEN so oedenoo boone: ceesiconosascodeeq9enobcdqN0005 Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 6, Fig. LTS savveweanl team

SplendidismUrOOStarersesecerrsecsebeesbescscerseasss saci (CO BIGM D2 waves: cos 4 eee

FORBESIOCRINUS.

communis Hall, type ..........scsscsseeeseeeeeeceeneeeee Pal. Ohio, Ral 2 Pl. eb Figs. 3-5........{sceeeees |

Re Op GI EVAll Sty POs ciecrssepecssiersercoe<ccenssccer snes «6 GG Figs Dee nesenenece Memes

PATA S Medal om hyp Cresemebenersisacaseseee cecasiceatraese ase OS Es Og eh oO ers cemadany (.cc0000

GILBERTSOCRINUS. :

sypwanieeye LBNL 5 ccenosanoaccodenccoog0 noc nbesonOsBeLOSpEDE N. Y. Acad. Sci, Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig 12..)........ §

GLYPTOCRINUS. |

armosus McChesney... ..sceceseecssseesecessceseesenees | Geol: Wis: : Vol" 4 Pl. 16, Big. 10 .--.....)-2->eem

MObiliswelallenbypersmecssseepnettesecsersnehesnassest sss «Figs. Q-I0.....)

GLYPTASTER. ‘ i

OecidentalisMlall cers .ewemeneesecavisiiecnseecrlassee\s => Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 16, Figs. 3—4....... [ereeeees

MELOcRINUS (CTENOCRINUS).

Bainbridgensis H. & W., type......s.csssceeeseeeeees Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 13, Figs. 2-3........

PENTACRINUS.

asteriscus M. & H

ce ce

Expl Black Hills, Pl. 3, Figs. 1-2........

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 16

PENTREMITES.

OU AT smiley Ol eseotarescecelse sens chc-beveeeiesesacscle anaes N. Y. Acad. Sci. Vol. 5, Pl 13, Fig. 4.

subcylindricus H. & W., type.........0sseseseeeseeenee Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 6, Fig. 13........-

PLATYCRINUS.

Bedfordensis H. & W., type......sessseeeeeceeeeeeeees | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 13, Fig. 4........+

contritus Hall, type................ ts ce GG 1 ie UNE Al aococece

graphicus Hall, type HES 0G se Pll rr} Bigs 25.-.--e-

Lodensis H. & W., Gb 6 86 PL IT, Fig. 3eccccceereee§ cores

Prosmiaturuswed Ge Woy ty PCs. .c2.cessec-scseacesereer Of G6 ce Pl. 6, Figs. 3-6........2-4 #002

Richfieldensis H. & W., type.......scssssceeceeeeeees Oo 6 Pl AL, Fig. 1......+000-e-Heeeenae

POTERIOCRINUS.

TIMES MELA EVOs aesionsies vices s vchslsieviee pits a>) vee eciet Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 12, Figs 6-7

Welerase bial ity Pesvesss0csccssisetonscceesspsvecetanesseos Gs) “ to Hig. (8).....050e--|psnenee

(SCAPHIOCRINUS) Corycia Hall............ssesereeeeee Biba 2G OG CIS 3) ea OPppprecpocace |) 057°

SACCOCRINUS.

OTMIAPHS ELM OGIVVin's) HYPCveccctiesaicvscerierecasresceseneves Pal. Ohio, vole 2, Pl 6, Figs. 7-9

MUEMMESSEENSIS! LYCOSE:. 2s. -cercccesvse, eenecseceiencecers Gis

6¢ Fig. 10,,..-.2+-++

WHERE LOCATED.

| N. Y. Stat

6c 66

se se

U. S. Nat.

cc “ec

Ohio State

Univ. Calif

| CG 6c iG

“ce ce “ce

PMS MNT MIVIUS Sh roneecsacecsesncce ss

(Oderts) Skene (COM sosponnnsnonnnsecneno

Waismstater Coll scccnceseseemesec aw

Wriivag Calitics. ceases noseuess eeiwe

QWMUS secession sce ecu

MUS eaatnwtaeesecnce ss

Columbia (Goll... --.ss-ce- sc ees

N. Y. State Coll

ce ce ce

Columbia Calle emia oke:.

Univ. Calif......... a's

INEM Yen StatevMUS:.; ssecesvessereecss

“cc

Croll eonaneceecaceriene

ECHINODERMATA,

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

| UNTERSENE cioenneococios

| Coal Measures......

Niagara

sé

| 66

Marcellus............

Niagara ..............

Niagara..............

Huron Shales

| Jurassic

| Chester Lime.......

Niagara ..........+...

Erie Shale...........

Waverly ee

Niagara

Waverly

Jf 5 cnaccencocce |

| Chester lime......... |

(14

| Locatity.

Richfield, Ohio.

“ce 6é

66 cc

Spear Fish Creek, Black Hills.

Newtonville, Ohio.

Waukesha, Wis.

Carbon Hill, Ohio.

Racine and Waukesha, Wis.

Cedarville, Ohio,

Springfield, Ohio.

| Richfield, Ohio.

66 “cc

66 “ce

Columbus, Ohio.

Racine, Wis.

“ce ac

Racine, Wis.

Bainbridge, Ohio.

Black Hills.

Pah-Ute Mts., Nev.

Newtonville, Ohio.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Bedford, Ohio.

| Richfield, Ohio.

Lodi, Ohio.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Richfield, Ohio.

“e ee

“ce cc

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS:

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Echinodermata— Continued.

SCAPHIOCRINUS.

Bubcanimatus wilalls type. os.ccsseemecteneaessccsee vocneee Pall One ols 2, Pi. ue) Figs. 230A eseeeet

Subtontuosussadlallly types cececemseetsenecres snes ete: Pigs.215—0Os-sseeeeeee:

POTERIOCRINUS AXgina Hall, type...............seeseeee pe aw a (0° Figs! “=i22 eee

“6 Jeyriope (elallMtypersce....+-ensenece Ibyauies’ ay OG Gs Fig. 1O.ciresdeen cee

ZEACRINUS.

Neropenilall ty pe a iicesteeceeeeteeesias. sence eeeenes Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2; Pl. 12; Fig (1822.

IMooresi Whitt: ty pes ncemepenecciei ns tess. ons sconcies | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 15, Figs 6—10.....

patcrnus Elall. typé.saemcesteece tees s< Sa ra Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 12, Figtt7 275-2 eee

BRYOZOA.

CLATHROPORA. |

Glintonensis! He Sc Wiayatyperrsntscicenscues vases ss | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2; Pls 5, Big™ 7tesces cece eee

CONSTELLARIA.

polystomella INicholson 22. sscuecseceseecere ceeee ses ee es | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Bigs) 9=4:iee-cseeeeee

FENESTELLA. |

Pranwlosa.Whith.., type.sssesetesssmmereeee one ane sa sees | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs, 1=2)ir2cessesmee

FISTULIPORA. |

IGS: NAVISIICE 5 1h WO eyeneegpEerecacocoatcde on oaddocddacadudadee | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Figs §=os-e sence

occidensvElnrcc Win, type iacnasacccecneceseeeecececceeknce | 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 10, Figs™9=10..2.-ssseeee.

MUS OSAMNVMths. LYE.) cocecnsmememonetceea cence eet cieeoes | Geol. WES. ‘ Well 4 Pl. £¥; Figs, 20-2125.

Solidissimay Wihiti,, itype.cceeasuesemsronesceree see eees ioe ics ee Figs. 18-10..........6.

MONTICULIPORA. |

multituberculata Whitf., type............ssceeceeseeees Geol Ws: Ves 4 Pl. tt, Kigs) 0=lOme.5- seen

(GE Oxtonigi Nicholson... (:iGaccaeeetsens<ceiwesaehenuae a Figs) 7—S:.sese eee eeeee

pUNctataMVnities type. -scseaceeraeteasceueccsucceeerenees Ge 5G 86 GG Figs: 3=4?.neece-sceeees

MectanomlanismVnith , typesacencccseceacskecpsececeerecs Betis os < 39 Figs. 11=12.. seen

PH4NOPORA (PTYLODICTYA).

ergoninee) lal, We \Wagniay ekemeacisosocosecobeosonodccccecocen | Pal. Ohio, Vol-92; Rl 55 Hig. |i aieeecseeeeee eee

RETEPORA.

AAU LAMA Al ere caecicls ciate ss u.nclere ene vevredonooneesenene: | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2; Pl. 5; Figs 2-4°eces--sessaneeer

RHINOPORA. |

ALON COSAMEIMECGAN | 56 LY, PCns.scdociacwnccneus scacancacsesere | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5, Figs. 8-9/2 2.:c0>- seme

STICTOPORA.

TATA PL COMA oY D Coca sa velcinie di smaisivcie ss seesinnenemiaynee Pal: Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5, Figs. 5—O2c:-cesseseeenne

Aracilis (Billings tapes etce ac ac-ce a sneee oMecdececeeeen | Geol. Wis, Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Figt 245.----s-eeeeee:

STOMATOPORA.

Pieihieroorey ae Ge Nan. (nyo songnanodoaceecenssaesonccadon: | 23d Rept. St. Cab , Pl. 10, Figs. 7—Ssseeseeeemer

SYNOCLADIA.

KECtISbY la, Whitt, types scn sees eoss:cv>s dens vaeeeitenee eX Y. Acad. Sci, Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 9-10...

TREMATOPORA.

AMMUlitera WW hith.subypeaseecemtseidccsciscs s-'ssse necienecee Geol. WW Sh 5 Vol. 4, Pl. tt; Figs! 15=1/7e--seeeeee

Sranulata Wihittssatyperca-eeccccstmecrcse tee +s cscs sence 4 ss Figs. 22=23. 0. ceseaes

BRACHIOPODA.

ATHYRIS.

Clayton TEIGiGeN Wes tty pe wrerectrnscitececeteeciscsces acta eels Parall, Sa Welk 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 15-17...

Planosulcata (Phill s.s.ceassete see sese ee ececceececons sce Gt oc Figs. IO-I1....

subguadrata lal .nn. sesame tosceseemenecect een ste N. Y. Acad. Sei, Vol. Sj bl. 145 Bigs; ames

ECHINODERMATA—BRYOZOA—BRACHIOPODA.

WHERE LOCATED.

wees MeN PEVe State MUSmcseccteccce wen acsees

06 OG FTN AR Ae) heen SN a nai

BN hee pc ie

Mc ee

Mer ON:. Y.-State: Musi. .cccssccsccseescees

eae fen Orniwan @alliteses 2-.\9,Sasstiiessessetene

eeseee

ees | Wis: State Colle ois. esecscsccsescs:

eeccce

DOC OOO Wy SOO OOOUOUDUUUTOOOOU OOO000

Peewee es erecescceesese

eipinlely ay | Oat eee NC Tel olalelelvlelelelestwleisielelpleisiaiciola

serene

| Univ.

womeee | VV EDs DLALG CULT c cece ewer cevccescceee

» ERE INGA SHES WIG sos coooosonsscodes

Bes Caps AmdrewSaseeeee eee eee

Pee ae | Wise Pile Coll... sssseeeeeetee eee

po RE See ecpeacaoncococcconotbeo

BB sc | Ge Se Nat Nts, Peete eccosdscaan

. ce Ce ee

OOOO Onn iii iii)

WeNpm ee State: Mus css0ss.-csessecesase |

[pinion @cslithe si cnctons cnautuencsie «scsi |

Pete cece ees eeesscecess |

Hee e ees eescecescoersessereee |

| GEOLOGICAL AGE. | LocaLirty.

Wravenliyicncseseneetr _ Richfield, Ohio.

CO ch rateae ene bone ae

“ce ee ce

| g :

le \ Wawel ieee aeenacer | Richfield, Ohio.

| Coal Meas........0-- | Carbon Hill, Ohio.

AWE Grd biasceranannacne | Richfield, Ohio.

@linton=-eee-cn-ce: Dayton, Ohio.

ein clip Riveeac cance: | Delafield, Wis.

| Teevals IRN is coosccaccos | Delafield, Wis.

labivals IRIN S.sacnoo000 | Delafield, Wis.

i biemmun oayeereceen Rockford, Iowa.

| JERL: IRA os cseosene Delafield, Wis.

VENOGLY RUN oessbockecan Delafield, Wis.

| C@lintonetresrasaeeet | Dayton, Ohio.

le Climtomnesenencennee: | Dayton, Ohio.

@limtonbpeeeeeeensesone Dayton, Ohio.

Clintons ee Dayton, Ohio.

| TSGHGlS TRI asecsnacee Delafield, Wis.

| C@hemungigeeese sees Hackberry, Iowa.

| Chester Lime....... Newtonville, Ohio.

telauely IRShy Gascaguesoo | Delafield, Wis.

| 66 66 66 66

fie Sy peapeoaace:

| NWiawienlyasen eae | Little Cottonwood, Utah.

| Chester .............. Newtonville, Ohio.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

| ECHINODERMATA—BRYOZOA—BRACHIOPODA. (148)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. | WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE, | LOCALITY.

ae 3 2 es weFeT By ee g

| |

Echinodermata—Continued.

SCAPHIOCRINUS. |

Sulcauinatise lal puby Cyn cceseiresreatasserceeen sees | Pal. Olutes Mole oy, Pl. 12, Figs. Nema State; MUSiencwccee-deuseceaect UL aie siegesdestece | Richfield, Ohne:

subtortuosus Hall, type........00csssesesecsseseeseceneee tains Figs. eRe ants ie eaecteds Merecsy, | of ott Cah aeeansan sf

POTERIOCRINUS Aigina Hall, type............ceseeeeeneee CG eg se Ce Shigs OG OG ppccogedoaosbo0a0ge™ 66 sasaeeeenaees ys >

a Lyriope Hall, type................... oo ie Se ut ‘© Fig. 10. ciieceseeeeeeee fs OO OG eceoqcobc000aNge008 Yee ee taocagtedas | a BY

ZEACRINUS. | | sobiebigse ;

Weropesklalll ity pelrcrhesssccueceseretetees vothecrerne Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 12, Fig 18............ss00000 BemUN. Vaistate Mus. i. .cscsccessessseeee |) Waverlyeeesescar ssc. | Richfield, Ohio.

BVO ESIgAY VI tie by De ere eripeisgetasiee selene srtmren selciews N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 15, Figs 6-10....... (Wirt, (Celli, .-saepnpanonosnBbagenogsoc , Coal Meas.......... | Carbon Hill, Ohio.

eatennuspllall ty perc. .cer-eseenctnaeccoees-tilcsesedeaces etal, deri, WO 2, NG He TR Bf aco ren oonecn|p¢o oo: WIND We State Muss ..7......-.. ccc. | Waverly.......-.+00+- | Richfield, Ohio.

BRYOZOA. |

CLATHROPORA. eke ee

CGlintomensisnldnoe Why ty Pelecssccasen-cssseesceeserces TAL, erty, WOM 2, VAL By TNE Gocersocnneeuaoaeesseccao4 jUnival@alifire.ssssssessnsse acre (eG lintonterssesterte: Dayton, Ohio.

CONSTELLARIA. | ; - ee

polystomella Nicholson ...... ..-...-ssseccsececenseeaes Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Figs. 3-4..........cscseeee i Wine, Slane (Cobia concosoonsoonaeeoones | Efud. Riv,........... | Delafield, Wis.

FENESTELLA. | : BR eel Sh

zirararnllorg”, Wylontils 57) 8%2acsao0ca nods udeacusedeoBodasees 000 | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs 1-2.....-cccsesesees | Wis. State Coll.........cseseeees TBNGL, TREN eqsconen one | Delafield, Wis.

FISTULIPORA. | : abate

ROSMAN ViMittey ty Dect sreres tees acrnesesecdeassascccaasees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Figs. | Wis. State Coll.....s.cseeeeeeees | Hud. Riv.......-.+.. Delafield, Is.

CCID SnS PEN WOc Wing i LY PCsen nee nerslenseocieee esse sence 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 10, Figs. | Ni WY, State Mus... ov... esc... -n. Chemung. .......++.. | Rockford, ote.

MINT OSA VV LI tte) BY DCm wee -Aeceasscisssiashcosssseeestnseee Geol. Wis. ; Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Figs. Wis. State: C@ollGaisscsacce<ssroseoure | Hud. ay wastesensore BEETS bis

SOMTGIGSINI AV VIUI ts EYP Comes szirill ser ielers\csieiiesies eile) je OS Gc Figs. DEA OC ee soca DR ERBDeICOBECIGODD pe ote Ebr cooriano

MonTICULIPORA. | | : | : re

multituberculata Whitf., type.........s0ssceseseeseeee | Geol. Wis. ? Vol. Zip Val, Sih, IN CRO) ceecsncncne. o0 Wis. State Coll.........0::sccceeeenee Hud: RUV. vsorsseees Delafield, WHE

(Ga) O@xtonieNICHOlSON ers. seecersrsnsasepsesaecrccssnase es CO MSE, 7Stshencoononcso: 0° > a EM Pe ae ence | Z ‘i

imluavdietian WRITS 18)])012seqnocdnoneosnpecdeonosanoDooeonAeeE ae ap ‘ 66 Figs. 3-4......02eceeeeee penta son eae ee eh | “ “

rectangularis Whitf., type..........--.scscsercseseenoee Heald ue ie (Figs) Pi—12.n.. cea GES GSO accep nooo REO CH-OD005 If = otvenrEAco |

PH4NOPORA (PTYLODICTYA). 4 : igen | :

RETEPORA. | sigue - see | ein

yoann) 13 Fo sap oaninonsannoscenbnanor Cor ACE 2q0080000900 Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5, Figs 2-4.........-..+0+-++ | Univ, Calif......0....sssesserseeeeree | Clinton..........00+ Dayton, Ohio.

RHINOPORA. ? : ees Ohi

frondosavll. (Go Wi, ty Pess.seeeccedsccoseainnoeseednaci= Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5, Figs. 8-9......... peseeeeaees Winiven Califigecce.ccrececesesienemcecs | Clinton...........+++- | Dayton, Ohio.

STICTOPORA. | } WP tase |'eseaue :

magna H. & W. » type BORDA Ncticlicasie deapeieseceeichens Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5, Figs. 5-6..............------1g| Univ. Galllifseeecttoreteeeteseenmeeacan | Clinton... aieasueess Re ae

PACU SMO IN Si ypas geome cersaninescateacaMeaaseearaces ss Geol. Wis , Vol. 4, Pl. 11, Fig. 24 Wis. State Coll)..........0..000--2--+ | Hud. Riv... | Delafield, Wis.

STOMATOPORA. | | :

Praltemata EW Ge Wi... ty PO:..acerccsevccssssesessccaere> 23d Rept. St. Cab, Pl. 10, Figs. 7-8............. ~ BN. Y. State Mus.................000 Chemung. ........-+- | Hackberry, Lowa.

SYNOCLADIA. : : | Newtonville, Ohio.

MECHSEY IAN WV Litia.y Ly PC-csscsereasersncecnesseriedeomase sens N. Y. Acad. Sci, Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 9-Io...... (Gus Am drew Sr mcceem teem neeertaner Chester Lime....... Mass: ,

TREMATOPORA. P | Delafield, Wis.

annulifera Whitf., type.......scsssecsececceeseeeceeceees Geol. Wis: 5 Vel 4, Pl. 11, Figs. 15-17...........00. Wis. State Coll pe ceeeeeeeeeesenecvenee tind: HSN 0 eal | £ ee 2 se

granulata Whitf., type.......-.sssseccesssressenssecneees ee « ‘Figs, 22-23 OP rahe Aer UEC COUR COS ON || Se Eg meas BRC SESREDSY |

BRACHIOPODA. i

ATHYRIS. Tarerl vee ee Little Cottonwood, ele

Clayton Hi. & W., type.......01c.csscascresconsceseress xsi evel SRE Wols 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 15-17...... WEEN icooce Ke

Planostilcata PHil........1...-02scsesseenssesencennereeoore G6 Figs, 10-I1...... Gilestes Newton Ohio.

subquadrata Hall........01...s0sessesscoerecceneeresceeee | N.Y. Mae Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Figs. 1-3..

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

| WHERE PUBLISHED.

Decnosoda!) intima

ATHYRIS—Continued. |

Subanadratay kale (2) cneces.saraueeeceeeeraeacsenens 4oth Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 19-20 .....

Sul tiliitallall Mecsas: sees scqeecnsceeeermmen ena iscecs | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Figs: 7—onaae

ATRYPA.

Ey s Eup eal Dee ei teats «a wie ins olsinars choo preemtetenraacieisc close | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26) Fig: (5) sece-csees eee

MOdoStriatarlallss . <22).4.(cleusesuaeeemueteeeertes «a cseicls | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. I2=04 . cccses eee

Meticulanismeinn. 4... 0c-eacceeeeecene ee oS CESEHOE | zoe Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 1,-Figs. 1=4).2..2.. eee

ge 6.0 Scidvien ad eis eee OT Cee ees ciesee sees | G1 6G 6 igs. 5=0225-...ch eae H

ae GE LAs Ae 2 RRC a 28 ey Meer Wis. Pe Vol: 4, Pl. 26, Fig. (6)-.esee-ee- eee i

Spinosa (lal 2. -.ccescsveat comemenemeeceeoncenccesey nes ce «Figs. 7=8:...02- ee :

CHONETES,

Coronatus: Conrady... soe tere cee ee oe eee isewis sinless _ Geol. Ws: ; Wels we Pl-25, Higs 1020 eee

Geflectuis Halls. susickserseter ses eee PRR ae ve dneneise GG Fig. 17..25.4c6s

leoganensis Hi.) 8 Wi, type ti casseeeeeeettiecescseclme joe Parall. ae Pl.-4,. Fig: 'Q.2:cisscecece peer

MEVEESUS> WME. 02. 2ce ta etoae eRe ee Reem oT eee act N. Y. Acad. Sei. Vol. 3 Pl. 11, Figs. 8-g.....9 |

Sertulltis: lial |. svise\ssecuisccees cuemeeneracmeeetsaeacesea os GG «< Kig. foe

CRANIA. |

Bordent: (Hs GW.) ty pele caseseeeteneeconceee ncaa 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 187; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, Figs

Carbonarial) Whitty, type: acsmsarotcectreeec eee aecl cee | N.Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 229, Vol. 5, Pl. 15, Figs

famelica H & W. » tyPer cei ceeeeusaess ontsceaas 23d Rept. St. Cab);Pl. 11, Pigs: 6—72222- eee

Weeliawelall,., tyPe.....:s<<sscsascssee meee cent oeeeeecisest Pal. Ohio, Wells 2s Pl. ip Fig. 16.00. .deassc ace fat

scabiosa Hall Be nbn ueboBOOSBB HONS 6G Ot (Fig. l7Sieqeccsten- eee

CRYPTONELLA. |

Calvinia isc W.,. type ase eeeeeeee eee eee eee ea eeeee | 23d Rept.iSt. Cabs, p. 280.0. sesecusese eee: EERE

CYRTINA.

famultonensis var. recta’ Elalllsik...c.cc..0cccececse | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Migs 19-21......... ale

DINOBOLUS. |

(Conavaeal 12 bib aaa C0 eae eet ean | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2; Pl. 7, Pigs. 9=40sses-: eee te

PALVUSMVVANT thas etY PC: .....5.nsmceeeeemeen sates sect omcceeeeee | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 27, Figs. 8-10.........1600

DISCINA.

ILeclensis Jnlell lh aaa PaERSRPen. seonsannusnoccooadaucuseck | NOY. Acad. Sci., Volt 5, Ply ri) Pica seeee He

linet SE Comma dies ia. . sacs. Juss eeesee tere eee | Mioc.. N°. J.5~Pl. 2, Figs--i—3° 0... cccceeede- sea

MALIN ISMWNIOItE, ityPC.......s0.sse seca eee cere es | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Fig. 10......2.:ceedsein

IMieekana Whitt; type;......<scccciessdnucoanen meee | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 15,, Figs. 1-322

TTA TIN UT CUM ll eall eee ee ie cisseisiccsa ocisnic csc cide eee ee eee | Bt GG cc” Pl. rr, Figs: 5-6:

(ORBICULOIDEA ?) grandis Vanux...........ceeceeeee | 24th Rept. St. Cab., p- 187; 27th Rept., Pl. 9,Fig

HEMIPRONITES. |

PAIMETICATUSMV VDL MEY DC. .05 ceecsss0cess secceneneeeenee | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 10, Figs. 15-17.......sc--ss.

KUTORGINA. |

minutissima H. & W., type........ ... | 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 11-12.....

LEIORHYNCHUS.

KeeWog cipal ene aten ret atten scsecccsess. «sees ccseumene | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Big: Os.c--.-c-.-cseeeueet

MIMICATE MV AM UX erect seence cesses essesis de ooteoceeceecee N. Y. Acad). Sci., Vol. 5, Pl) ra, Bic. 0 -ssceeeeee

ENG WDEEGYAMEL ROC IV VoghtYIC twee cseccoscescsescsacueseioee | 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 25-27:..-:cuenaue

LEPTAENA.

Bara buensishwwanchellleecmmccatmosccicesccesce sos sess Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 6—7............s0e

GG IMMUN esse ccceiae cise eciesisiens'ses aces | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Fig. 6.....c..2.0..ceeeeeee

Melita wEteScAWissitypescceasseccesccescebisnatess, sates<tee 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 13-14....

LEPTOBOLUS.

lepis piliall typ eressensccscsesseeresseseesatccneceestecss

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 25 Plo 15 Fic. Lis. .cceccs see eeeeee

BRACHIOPODA.

(149)

WHERE LOCATED.

—

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

[eeee

tween

IBUMISUENEE MUS. cece: |

Winn Galliifee yc sentasavewansiwincemcncs

Wiiisens tates ollie cerncctesnsecn ct |

iUiionlre (Calthigt steeganscooeesnoassnsccscn

= HOUSE Nanmest lal emesaceciest.

ce 66

acc cccscorcence

) \Witige (Sti (Collis, coosonaeadsdocescnov

| ee ee ce

soccer sere seseseesscoses |

.. | Wis. State Cells sacs mssonssen

eheee

erece

seece

be nee

ee oe

sere eer ccccoccceseseee

4 ce

eee e cesses sor ccrccosssessces

eee ee ere esi cece eeseseeseee

eevee cece coe secs eee ressens

Bal High ‘School, Whitewater, Wis...

peeoee

| Dyer Coll.,

Winivan Gallien eee rsa aie ares

WES Soa Gi ste aeen ni a eeeeon

Wis. State Cro) ae ae ee ee sees

CeO ni irri ity

Wintve: Calta cces ce eee eu |

We SarNiaty Miris Serena eee

A. M.N.

Seog gerry

LUsoyi yy, CET Es Ne epee od Oe

WinivAR Callies. 2.2. co ee

U. S. Nat. Mus

Secceccoeeseesceecesees

| Hamilton

| Hamilton .

Lower Carb.........

Coal Meas...........

Hamilton

Niagara

onc cccsccce

L. Held. &Up. Held.

Hamilton, Jr........

Felanntl toneeeseeeris

| Elanniltomsesceneeecee

6é

Wiavierlyiaceccecneneee

Marcellus............

(73

wearer cceces

eet wecceccce

Seovesceccee

Chemung

eet cece ene

Paccecceceve

Niagara

Galena

eee e wot ecr seers

Marcellus

Miocene

Seevccceccce

eo ceecccceccse

Coal Meas...........

Marcellus,...........

Hamilton

coer cccecccn

wot coe eesscccce

Hamilton............

Marcellus............

Chemung

Rotsdam yes. ssssceese

Rotsdam eae eeeee:

eeccceccsscoce

Oquirrh Mts , Utah.

Falls Township, Ohio.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Albany Co , N. Y., Falls of Chio.

Darien, N. Y.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Logan Cafion, Utah.

Near Columbus, Ohio.

6e oe ce

Clark Co., Ind.

| Carbon Hill, Ohio.

Rockford, Iowa.

Oxford, Ohio.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Rockford, Iowa.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Racine, Wis.

White Water, Wis.

Near Dublin, Ohio.

Shiloh, N. J.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Flint Ridge, Ohio.

Near Dublin, Ohio.

Falls of the Ohio.

Oshkosh, Wis.

Eureka, Nev.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Near Dublin, Ohio.

Kelloggsville, Ohio.

Devil’s Lake, Wis.

Eureka, Nev.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

BRACHIOPODA,

| GEOLOGICAL AGnr,

(149)

LOcALIty.

Brachiopoda— Continued.

ATHyRIs—Continued.

SMa] a rata kel alION (7) tees celaseistee\olsie/siealeelssisiasioarsseers

Ut) oti teal eeeaeememecasoeessese secre sacs dsisinnsee sess

ATRYPA. |

My Stiisalalllpeseseasne devs sseetcs deeb cuasessedreanaisneoeee

POMOSCHIALAELA lene caucus swsloutesaseucecsesiusesteantte |

ULC LAT SMIOANMS re ceteicebinis ce ee eiaesarilsisiesaciacatsistsie os

cc “ce |

ce “ec

SPiNnosae lal sescevescarsseenecwecesestetieats spe decendcan |

CHONETES. |

OrOnatism CONTAC enc ateceuenr oaks. ouueeeei ote se vee cinwe

OME CHS mall Ae aet Se acyeekcesiionine cestetaaen Se eede vain: |

Loganensis H. & W.,

EVELSLIS INV Mit feteamenescmocnaaemacueonmeseesteanecn cere thie

SCUWIS elles. e ceeece des sek sc vee stew ecnincldswesidveviaeise |

CRANIA. |

Bordeni H. & W.,

carbonaria Whitf., type

famelica H & W.,

iLedlies Isla, 1782 scoccnpanbadp son sc6 apoE pEOOooDDoR5000000

RHO Salma lel ail Oeatatasticsiac cistivlstilale aiae ceteris <os (sieeve a)a\sotie

CRYPTONELLA. |

Calvini H. & W.,

CyRTINA.

Hamiltonensis var. recta Hall................00c0ee0e

DINOBOLUS.

ES coriyel iw tele basemen eters cree taraeiteneieatciea/ennicvieisovle resleineins

parvus Whitf., type

DISCINA.

Gro era SIs pbd alle cee cies ascie'sseciaeteaivis sjsieaeiiiews.scisisesisisieces

Thoreqaloins; (Clete bs o55chooonnon po oondonocneonobnepocosREN008

PLAS TALIS MY LItf by Cement eres ecdyeemevecticeselectaseine

Meekana Whitf., type... Rate

Temata SIGN Ys sooacoscoo tcc Seco sbee COUOA aco OD Cee COBEOREOSES

HEMIPRONITES.

Americanus Whitf.,

KUTORGINA.

minutissima H. & W.,

LEIORHYNCHUS.

Tei blosefoa, LBI@ cacreconaqaosenonorinehoad Apo. aoHBonees00000

MIIPATE WAT UX sy autaeacseas seem sinclelslecsielenacle veel cscs

(EY) Ssietelaatslelnclelotalelts/ate smrais\e's else =

(HYWEnogsoscoac gb eodsesa00or

LEPTANA.

Barabuensis Winchell,............02cecescestecseercenees

ce ce

LEPTOBOLUS.

| paeyal IRoLe, tht (CEI, 19h 2BI2ranooconenanacaonobogGue os530 Sontag

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 19-21........0:0+0+. Hrs case 6

| Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 27, Figs. 8-10..........2..5+- heres 5

| Geol. Wis.,

Ne pismelallouby Perens seeacesessssesessonacsaccnceracssae

| goth Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 19-20

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Figs. 7-9

GeoliWist Voli 4,02) 205) Rigs he

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. I2-I4..

20th Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 1, Figs. Tae

3 73 (73 (73 ce Figs. 5- —6

Geol. ast Ss Viel 4, Pl. 26, Fig. Oy... 0

3 ce

Geol. Wis. a Vall Ay Pl 255) Fig. 16.20%. .0sce.. cae ee ane

“ce GG Fig. 17 }

40th Parall. sie TAL dip LEMS. @sconnnnon PRG pace Loc Ree

N. Y. Acad. bs Well, 1S Pl. 11, Figs. 8- ~93 Beit

6G ou se Fig. LO... ccieieas peters «

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 187; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, Figs. 36-37.

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 229, Vol. 5, Pl. 15, Figs. 11-12. |

23d Rept. st. Cabs, Pls Ti, BIgssO— 7s esse. seetieeee eeamn ¢ |

Pal. Ohio, Veells 2, Pl. I, Fig. LO. 5: coe hed hee

ce 6e ee

Wig. D7 censseseetesee sate eens ecb

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 3-4.....:ecsecssepeeees Jreeeese

N, Y. Acad: Sci,, Vol: 5, Pl. 21, Hig: 70-:-ecseeenepeemneny

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 1, Figs. 1-3. ....ccecseeeeeseeeceteeeretteneeees

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Fig. 11........-ssec000 seat

N, Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 15, Figs. 1-3

CG 6c GG 66 Pl. II, Figs. 5-6

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 187; 27th Rept., Pl. 9,Figs. 43-35:

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 10, Figs. 15-17.....+0es-e+++++

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 11-12....... | pscosen

Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Fig. Q.sseccsecsereseesseealeneeees

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 11 a

23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 25-27...-+-s1e+seres}ecee--

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 6-7

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Fig. 6......:sseseereeserees

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 13-14...+--+-s++-+

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Fig. 1O...scsesserssesensseenesfeeeees |

U. S. Nat. Mus

HOW CALE scacaictneties ewe oosiveesen

Wis. State Coll

| Wis. State Coll

_ | Wis. State Coll

ee ce ce

Winivs Callite sy. seduase cae ceewecdeovee |

U. S. Nat. Mus

Wis. State Coll

Wirrtven Call ifsc ce pieces sesisectsjsteacieee

“eé

Dyer Coll.,

| Prof. J. Hall

Univ. Calif.........

U. S. Nat. Mus

ce cc

“ce 66

“cc

6c 6c

Feet eee eseenaesyeas

hatte (CHllitisp<cconcesoneadaon000nsec0eD

Professor James Hall

High ‘School, Whitewater, Wis...

| Lower Carb.........

Coal Meas...........

Hamilton ............

INVES BIE) comrsocqacosec

Hamilton, Jr........

lal nen hiya ocneocnon

Taken esl) r6 aoceencoo

\weni@d by eccacecancece |

Marcellusic...c..<< |

(73

io)

i=}

is)

Hud, Rives

Chemung............

Hamilton..........4+

INIA gata crersneoseene

Galena ...........008

Marcellus............

Miocene ..........++.

Hamilton, ..........

Coal Meas..........-

Marcellus............

| Hamilton ............

Hamilton

Marcellus....

Chemung

Potsdam

Potsdam...

“ce

L. Held. &Up. Held.

Oquirrh Mts , Utah.

Falls Township, Ohio.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Albany Co , N. Y., Falls of Chio.

Darien, N. Y.

Milwaukee, Wis.

| Milw BUIEEs Wis.

Logan Cafion, Utah.

Near Columbus, Ohio.

ce ee ee

| Clark Co., Ind.

| Carbon Hill, Ohio.

Rockford, Iowa.

Oxford, Ohio.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Rockford, Iowa.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Racine, Wis.

White Water, Wis. /

Near Dublin, Ohio.

Shiloh, N. J.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Flint Ridge, Ohio.

Near Dublin, Ohio.

Falls of the Ohio.

Oshkosh, Wis.

Eureka, Nev.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Near Dublin, Ohio.

Kelloggsville, Ohio.

Devil’s Lake, Wis.

Eureka, Nev.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

es °

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Brachiopoda— Continued.

LINGULA.

brevirostra M. & Huu... . ccc cee eeeee eee reece encensecenene Exp Black Hill, Pl. 3, Figs. 4-5...--:seesereeeeeeee fe

Covingtonensis EL. & W.., type......-csceceereeesecers Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Fig. L...-....eseeceeeeeeeeee fe

Elderi Whitf., type ......ceceeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeesenseneeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 27, Figs. 1-5....-----0+-s00« fi

Ligea Hall...........sscccceeosscceceeesescensvenscancccees N. Y. Acad. Sci-, Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Figs. 1-2........};

Gi GCE Os ee nen eR te np RoE atoduaadojo¢oGood IWierec GG Ce co Pl. 11, Figs: 3=42-.---aae

iMiayasitl CG St pac Rnn nr Maepanrmanercenbndodooo0600s000000000 acs eG ee OG ¢¢ Wigs. 1=22eee |

paleeaformis 12 el eee eR BENE Ge cuGRaasaccodsscoodudaade _ Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Fig. 10.........:2seseees

Stoneana Whitf., tyPe.........csceeeeeeeeeeeeenene een ens [hake ie us Pl. 27, Figs. 6=7....s:-c>--+--= amt

LINGULELLA. |

Cincinnatensis H. & W., type.......eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Figs. 2-3.....::sseeeeeeeee

TowensisS OWED.......cccccccceeecseeceeeeceneeeensceeeees | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 9, Fig. 1....-.secessseceeene

LINGULEPIS. |

cuneolus Whitf., type.......eeeeeeeeee eset ee ners SoneeUE | Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. Oy pbonuqscacdesan .

Dakotensis M. & H........ cece eee ne renee ene e eee ee ees oC GG BG sé Figs. 10-11 .......00--+<2) :

Ella H. & W., type.......cscesssecscecsceecsesnenecteres 4oth Parall. Surv., Pl. 1, Fig. Socio sees ecseee

Meera H. & W., type.......secececeereeeeseeeeeeeneeeees us GG es 66 Figs. 5—7.ccsdsavecsereemae

(?) minuta H. & W., type......eeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeetes RG ss os (6 Figs. 3=4....2+c----00s-e-

perattenuata Whitf., type........cseeeereeeerseseeseeees Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. 7=9.....+--+++---+== .

pinniformis OWen.........secseeeeeeseeesceceeeeneeeennees Of uC « 6¢ Figs. I-4.....ceccesenrenee

pinniformis OWen,..........sssseeeeeeseeeneeeceesseeeeees | Geol, Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 2-3...-..-++-----+-

primzeformis ? Owen .......secseeeseeeeeeeer eer eeeesees Ludlow’s Rept., 1874, Pl. 2, Fig. 4...-...-++++++++

MERISTELLA.

TEEVISMNTATIUUXG oii. cc one onwaseessatiemcnsteseemameeccscras N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 6=7) «senate :

muUGleolatarlslalllis. cco. .sccssccss aceeceeeserinn termes | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl 25, Fig. 5 ...------:0-s-+0:

AV Mearst eal ebevaal disp serctsc clsin. « ocicie soni oe winisreisuelotowelneteieteisiciste(sesie\s Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. [oes eeppepacocsce:. <

MONOMERELLA.

Newberryi H. & W., type....cesseceeeeeeeeeeeeeesteees | Pal. Ohio. Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 1-2.........+.+-+++

NUCLEOSPIRA. |

rotundata Whitf., type.........ccceeeee cece eee e eee eens N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 11-14...-

OBOLELLA.

discoidea H. & W., type.........ccccesereceeeeceeeoeees 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1. Figs. 1-2 +.

MATTIAMN TES lek en EeL allie seetants stots ore soe es 010 sin lstessisteetetersieeerates Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. 14—17.....---+-+e++

polita Hall........ ese seeecesseeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeseeaeneeeees reas cs sf 66 Figs. 12-13.....0+0+ sees

OBOLUS. : |

pectinoides WWiltttifiesEYDGrcecc.c0+20-+00 soveceseeiscmeinisin | Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. 18-10.....0.e-se200

GG COMPRA ea vais s civ anes acts conmareiees | Ludlow’s Report, 1874, Pl. 2, Figs. 1-2 .......---

ORTHIS. |

Clytie Hall, type.......-eseseeeseecseeee seeeeeeeenneaaeees | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Figs. 18-19.....00eceeee

TEV, TBE wecscoadoccoooobond coo neo dd IG OcEOM EER eCabEoacdoc Gt oH ge 66 Fig. 20. ...-eeee reese eees

impressa Elall...........---seeeeseerssereeeseeeseeneeeeess Geol. Wis , Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 13-15----++++s+:

Jamesi Hall, type.....-cscesseeeeseeeesereeeeeeeerersesees Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Figs. (OT 22., 0. ons see

Nisis H. & W., type....scecccececeeeceseeecececeeeceeees 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 181; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, F

Oblata Hall ..........cecceeececceeeecsceesceececeeeeeeenace Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 1-2.....-.+-seses

occidentalis Hall..........ssccecseceeeersececeeceeeeceees a “6 ce PI, 12, Figs. 17-18.......--s00

pectinella Conrad ........:sseeeeeeeenererereses eee eeeeeens Bag OG cc Pl. 12, Fig. 8.......0+.-0- seme

Pepina Hiall.........-..2ecceseseseseecccesceeeseescnecerens GG» GC PL. 1, Figs. 4-5......-eeeeeeees

Pogonipensis H. & W.,, type... ..cccecsereereececneeees 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 9-10.....-

testudinaria Dalman...........cceeeeseeeeeeeerenetesseres Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs.5-7..----se+-+--

Tioga Hall.........cccsssercesneseeenneererccerseeccene res N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Fig. 3.--------:

BRACHIOPODA.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

3 Ul, > Nel

WemsmeNeat Mus’ cc icees-esscts.3 |

| (Ws JP, Jfenaaes (Coll sasecaatcceensoer

Wnnive Calitin...-. Taireisebinomeitinetesiog

AN Wily INIo Jel

ee meee cece eres eras eseceece

Win 126 “feng cooscopseaonopcodecoconen

WWistestater@ ollie cine) cecseseecr

eee e ee cere ees eeeeecee

seem eee scene coseeeee

cece eee ee reser oceves

eee e eee es tet eee seseee

Winniway Callutigee eeachonaccgnacsasoseses

5 || Ola Starts Coll sosscoscesscasagaccoce

WeOiniva@alieeb seis e eles a)

cURL Sia DN SIA UC cae ea a a

6¢ oe oe

(74 ce

eee e sere cscs csesoeesces |

6c *

eee cece vce eecs eres esone

Unde entiNeS,éepcre0 200900005 nooonoaes

A. M. N.

Dr. Knap

GG 6é ce

oe eee eee esasccsseeces

see cc ceo cc cree sessesene

eer eeccecccc cesses eseee

se eeee ceecesccsccccoses

Nig, (Siteuey (Coyle Ns ee eee

JeliuGly IRV sebodossouc

eee eeccccce

oper e ec eetas

I haves Helderb.....

eRotsdanc sees eeneeee

| TBhnGly IN oouedosaone

| Galena

eee e sce recenses

_ Potsdam

| QMEEAC. cscoeadascsose

sewer cccerce

sete eet ce esene

eee eee reeeee

| Lower Helderb....

INialearaleeea-te css 3

| Niagara

or eesooccscce

| Lower Helderb....

Cece eer escese

See eccceces

seecscccesce

oes Se rionunaenbobs

Lower Helderb.. ue

Cesc eeeroccce

eee eececcceee

Spearfish Creek, B. Hills.

| Covington, Ky,

| Rochester, Minn.

Delaware, Ohio.

Near Columbus, Ohio.

| Near Dublin, Ohio.

_ Cincinnati,

Milwaukee, Wis.

Mazomania, Wis.

Ohio.

Galena, Wis.

| Red Cajion Creek, B. Hills.

Castle Creek, B. Hills.

Box Elder Cafion, Utah.

aie NOY

| Red Catton Creek, B: ieullls

| ae St. Croix, nee

French Creek, B. Hills.

Greenfield, Ohio.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Springfield, Ohio.

Genoa, Ohio.

Greenfield, Ohio.

Eureka, Nev.

| Red Cafion Creek, B. Hills.

6eé ce ce

| Castle Creek, B. dolls.

French

Cincinnati, line.

66é

Milwaukee, fe

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Louisville, Ky.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Delafield, Wis.

ce 66

Berlin, Wis.

White Pine, Nev.

Delafield, Wis.

Leroy, Ohio.

Locauiry.

Red Cafion Creek, B. Hills.

Hills.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. BRACHIOPODA.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE,

Brachiopoda— Continued.

LINGULA.

Tavaniimostien, INE We 18 lo aconceaeosecogogoQ Unc soc NED 00obedoD Exp Black Hill, Pl. 3, Figs. 45 PEER AC ECRSROCAACeCe Ene hodornd MUSA HN ate VUUSS- s Scccecevsesersee<c | fe C oo s-ococnce Spearfish Creek, B. Hills

Covingtonensis H. & W., type........cssessseeeeeeees LENE (Olney, WONG 25 TIL MiG JRE Base ssnancoosacHuscencstod) o escue | UL, TP, Jemmes Calls scccopneceesoenene Hud Soe Cae a , B. Hills.

Te)keleyat WWVIaNTte 5 1018 Gaconono snodcoonosadogoesasn00Gcd000 Geol. Wis. 7 Val. 450 bl. 27, Bigs. l= bemeseeete easeee tinea | (Wii. (Cally consengeoanooodsapneqcoebec ialitentone eae Rochester, Minn.

ILigam, ISIN, coscanessoanpéiceepons oaopupanaquoONGaDOHEdRacG00 N. Y. Neal scl » Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Bigs) 1—20samseee- lees | (Clolhagoatoves, (CoM seconoooonnecconeoncn Huron Shales....... Delaware, @hior

I es eocaires cesksancne nent ctererri en paves a6 ‘ePL..11, Figs: 3=42 scene: eee | (Whi (CENT anoagecouboaposoasoncocetan | Marcellus eacetenact | Near Columbus, Ohio.

Wikre °C oo Sodengonmge po undbron co RGAD BASS poo nSBADHDIOsN6a Ieee : OG £6 CE eR Ho oanciccce oo ccod | Os 3CeS oC 00. SODECER EE CREED OE Near Dublin, Ohio.

PalesatOVIMIS Lal 2p scenssoesecsiawrcsaeensshcccmesee- (Gisell, VivitGog Wolly Zig Tal, s5 Ite MO, Goneonoceoanco. os caren | Wis Staten Gall Meese caiteeccsecteeese Milwaukee, Wis.

Sponeana Wihith, type... <..:.neccosscececsoersswsesevces KG u6 G6 Pl. 27, Figs. 6=7....cc.ccsesseeen Memeeeee HeAwe View Niwblntnestiic«tistcsaesesesss Mazomania, Wis.

LINGULELLA. |

Cincinnatensis H. & W., type...........0ssssceeeseeeee Balp@hion Volpe, blest, Wigs) 2=3)eccese-ossee tee heen | Wi lraa) AI eS rec ectsrsoenseser tenons Weuiclemeiyaeeeeeeeeee Cincinnati, Ohio.

INU ETISISH OWEN tase uvienccantieesaneeecee nc eak’A Sembee snwce (Geol Wiss, Vole4, lO), Bigs lt. .c.scccmes-csesaaeeeh aeeee NABH Staite Coll cp caencsaseconosanones | (Gea 06) epmanconaeenoon Galena, Wis.

LINGULEPIS. |

Ue OISAVVLths, aby DC wmncucisesssseecarasincesreesFerccies Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. 5-6............-.:sscse-wrsacees U. 3: ING, WIG se nenseonecospsencaae TRIE EWD ae noneonece

Or COTEMSIS/ WU OC. ome stec os ceaeescesives veiw edavciscoses 6G GG 66 «« Figs, 10-11 | OG Coe WK ieee waite | CERT aan MOS Castle Creek, B.

Ta}Nke, JBI, (03 NiVisn tbY{ok2saenosoocdo oss ondobonppondertenace Beas jolla Panel Su, 5 DP lg Tei gS iyecebessueetic sys ole ace eens «s ge sear atieenmaseneneneecenl | (ii QUCDECa.cavis ces ocine's Box Elder Canon, Utah.

Wlzare JAI We NAVAS (8 folenGanocindonoseapes cence oenBeunerseics C6 INI GS! B= 7ieshens eve sno ns ence Siammees UC = as Go. ceeeeeessceuaresase | OtSd andteewee ects Eureka, Nev.

((2)) saavvayetiay 1816 (2 \NiG5 189) 8k2ansoanoadonsooenasceedooceadoa us ES fs (6 PI GSip B=Ais cies srtecesesasced endemmeness (began. cea Ma -6 US Gnbeanocd tpanoasanase oe aronttenetsecay: es os

perattenuata Whitf., type............:sccseeeceeseeee eee Expl Black Sills, Pl. 2, Figs. =O yeserewcowe kamen see eee ce Ot 66 OU eee enanccsoe coded Cpe a ceer oa | Red Cafion Creek, B. Hills.

pinniformis Owen a 6€- “Bigs. L=qiunw. cemennaatiteetachch soem Gore EEE Holm avinceanceaeen ee etait se UG &G

pinniformis Owen Geol; Wis:, Vol. 4, Pll 1, Bigs: 2=3hen--epeseeener eee eee Wissstates Collie cannes canedcenee Ea 5 bn Ieee ee Falls St. Croix, Minn.

OLMIS LOMMMS tA OWED eve. ce cciieeneevssiictessnscic/ecenie se Ludlow’s Rept., 1874, Pl. 2, Fig. qi ceicecsanecaeeaces Sameeees TW Se INEUME 9, scaenecemctlrceanseeaias Ce He AaCED | French Creek, B. Hills.

MERISTELLA. | | |

NES ASMANIATALINe citric sictaueieciecetsaieiiessocedvcstestseisedsleriere N, ¥. Acad: Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Migs: 6—7/0:eeecee-ameerees Winivay Calif ioe deeneaaneasssece soe | Lower Helderb.... | Greenfield, Ohio.

nucleolata Hall....... Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl 25; Fig. 5) .l.....0--.cweeeee Semen | Wis. State Coll ot sc... | Milwaukee, Wis.

Vieira leeevesiecs (ese scaeecrciecsvsacetiisslesstuaseencades | Pals Ohio; Vol. 25) Pli 7, Bigs. |5—G).css...+se: ceeeeeeneemeears | Ohio State Coll Niagara .........00+ .. | Springfield, Ohio.

MOoNOMERELLA.

Newberry El. & W.., type..cccecccssnessevnneseoesceess (eRalyOhios Violl25 Rly, Bigs: 1 —2) ceewn ce -eneaeeee ee ements | Columbia ‘College................+--. INTaAp Ara vaccneeeesees | Genoa, Ohio.

NUCLEOSPIRA. | , : ;

ROTUIMG ALA VV MEL ., (Ly Cze-eljecioereaceaieercersscicere sre | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 11-14.............+. UnivetGalificnascceaeeessevectyescses Lower Helderb.... | Greenfield, Ohio.

OBOLELLA. | | |

ISCOLM EA ELC VVisg bY PCse.ccecscesneaverechencmccssnene | 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1. Figs. 1-2 .... | U.S. Nat. Mus | Potsdam.........+... Eureka, Nev. .

IAM MVE Ka Oe EA alls cots nwo <cecscnciveeeeeciavererasevess | Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. 14-17.........sssseeeeconereres Vemmic gah 0" petgons 6 « Seawaaaetees | Red Cafion Creek, B. Hills.

Roclnta@lalestere sci tcucisucesssCausesserevecremeattenscs 6 a6 G6 0 Bigs. 2213p. cscs eerometermnse = OG gee ae ACW eaanaacetsanite | “ “ ie

OBOLUS. ] |

pectinoides Whitf., type............s00sceceeeseeeeeenes Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. 18-19 Us Ss NEG IMIS econceonanenanenata Potsdam...........+++ | Castle Creek, B. Hills.

ce eS awed Gevsicesdsedenesdresei seceoeseeeess Ludlow’s Report, 1874, Pl. 2, Figs. r-2 U0 IEC RESIS: a cron qnosbscacnnncee “ | French ‘

ORTHIS. : Rana 6

Pay treslll en ty pers sc ceseeneesecaatacseect-tecsecessseees Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Figs. 18-19........0000006 ea. A. M. N. H Hud. Riv | Cincinnati, Ohio.

EVI eeeeeeeracceccssesenccsecsccsseesenaeacviestyensee ae ce OG CGN Be LO) cooncaacen U. P. James HS soo Pye 2

Rep Ese JAIN senoanens0nseq00nGo0700009905005000000503000 Geol. Wis , Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 13-15... .... | Wis. State Coll Hamilton... Milwaukee, Wis.

Paes EMA Py PCeccrew accu s\-soiescaesspspcaeacessasieesle Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, oe 1, Figs, 21—22) >. \s..1.<sseeeeeeeemeee A. M. N. H ... | Hud. Riv.... | Cincinnati, Ohio.

Nisis H. & W. PILY Deneeene ascenevoriancsasananeusceces cat 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 181; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, Figs. 4-8. | Dr. Kmapp.......-.sessssseeeeeeeeseeee Niagara ..........0066 | Louisville, Ky.

oblata Hall Geol. WAS: ., Vol. 4, EL 25, Figs. TH 2). ose censeineenigentnn= Wis. State Coll... Lower Helderb..... Milwaukee, Wis.

occidentalis Hall Ch “Pl. 12, Figs. 17-18... CC = ad Delafield; Wisse

pectinella Conrad aes C6 806 t¢ (Plh12), Bign Siccssereree eee ee Berlin, Wi

TPeypiine, TSI) 5 sos sonognboneseoponennoooonrsnonA69600050009 GG ac Cie Jala Figs. 45 cses secs cent sf a e nite Bi He N.

- Pogonipensis H. & W., type.......ssccecesseeeeseeees 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 9-10 U. S. Nat. Mus a os ee a

festidinaria Dalman,........c.sscstscsscencsssescconcones Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs.5-7......cc00e1-+ ..... | Wis. State Coll a ae Gia

Dis oAMEL all remeseclessreriscecearescdnssscesneccereeese0s N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Fig. 3.......c+000« Pieces Columbia Coll...... ...sssseseseeeees OY :

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Brachiopoda—Condinwed.

OrtTHIsS—Continued.

KESUpIMAT Ae VLATM Peeters oa/oiesieseie odoaommccisteneeseete ss

rugeeplicata H. & W.,

Cuibearimatawltallls’..tasticesese sieccwaaecleeiteceintassedsts

subelliptica W, & W.,

PENTAMERUS.

ISimuatus McChesney. ras sccocecs sete elicitor seecieeue rs

ena pinta rs: Wing type. skit veleceiactinesstentes ee aaa

Venticwlanis Wares Wi, Cy PCuoncscessesmecscscencceaccecs

Nysius var. crassicosta H. & W.,

Gc ‘* tenuicosta H. & W.,

ODLONUS | SOW ELDY ae. ccsweceunccuneeeeeeccerceec cence

ce oe

oblongus var. cylindricus H. & W.,

‘occidentalis blalliat eich aicmecideeeceeereacrecemecnet see

6 ce

pergibbosus H. & W.,

[OSSONAS NATE. el b¥a0) saagarBpeqcedatan pescogdadade soobuse

EM ELCOSUS dla sea se. eters ek LG. at Aen aa AE

oe oc“

SO i i i ry

PORAMBONITES.

obscurus H. & W.,

PRODUCTUS.

Flemingi, var.

PlEGAMSM Ney Ciara senctcecsssenabascdnenes docteccusmmeaas

oe oe

UeeNICOStALUS NM NLC ope nica eslecsise seve anus saceseeh acetate

ULE OLMIS HVLC CHESNEY seco... cnepvicssncaelonaseveseents

Semixeticulatus: Martins. .cece-scsccecccrceresssesceseer

RETZIA.

formosa Hall, s

CO er i ry

RHYNCHONELLA.

Emmonsi H. & W.,

apa CONTAC na mardestpedaicssine Seas.cssisasoaesamecaie ce

Gnathopnora pM ekimaraaeccidsces eis sens deme ceneeene

ny dianvlicamNVinithmbypesscscs crs ancdecesatese cess cenes

WaGyretiogy Tile Ge Nillon, 157] do cnanoc cedooe CECE CULE OCOROEOGOROE

Meplectaw blac. cc ceemtensaeseaateeanaeee ne saisceter assets

INeenahaWhiths; typeucurneshweresecressuscesccsessne

opposita W. & W.,

(ORE LBls eg Willing 1s Be corce acu osbeac caegocaeneocesanOEent ac

perlamellosay Wihittiag byPCs-recccacesteceeacceceesesces

pustulosa Wihiteys7ssiectie-seccecceotecsccrensescscescsas

HAICOSta AV Mithyy Oy Ca seosenietcdetete re sesce: sorten seer

Men NESSEeNSIS MECemMelanactcccesceaseeateseceeecene once

SCAPHIOCGE:LIA.

Boliviensis Wihitistsanccecccsset cron ae ae ence a tenetees

SCHIZOCRANIA.

Propet ij 1 a LE ae i ae een ee a se a ae i

4oth Paral]. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 1-2...J...... |

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 182; 27th Rept., Pl.9, Fi

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 3-4.. ...+++deceeee ;

Proc. Bost. S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 292.......... Peer

Geol. Wis:, Vol. 4, Bl. 17, igs seen ae voip

24th Rept.St.Cab.,p.184; 27th Rept., Pl. 10, Figs }

Proc. Bost: S.N.H.,,Vol.8,p.205..-+sc.seesemeee

(73 oe 6eé ce

P2184; 27th R’t., Ph ry

oe oe oe “e “e “e

Geol Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. we aa 4=Os wdelesces

Pal. @hio, Vol. 2; Pl. 7; Fig! Ol.osasecseneeese ene

Proc. Bost. $.N.H. , Vol.8,p. rea 27th R’t., Pl

Ger: Viste Vol, 45 Plo 175) HigentOs essere

‘6 Pl. 23, Figs. 1-2). 02). ee i

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 10-11... ......:eaaemann

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 18-2} Be |

Geol. Wis., Vol. te Pl. 17, Figs. 11=03-22-.. eee

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7; Wigs.\7—Siresessses naan

oes

4oth Parall, Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1,'Fig. 16....4++.

Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 9-12)... f.,

fc Pl. 5, Figs. 3=4.....-emealt

Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 15-10... }.

Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 7-8..$...: f.

Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 13-14...

Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 5-6

40th Parall. Surv.,

N. Y. Acad. Sci.,

40th Parall. Surv.,

N. Y. Acad. Sci.,

40th Parall. Surv.,

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5 Figs.

Proc. B. S. N. H., Vol. 8,

15-16.,... },,

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs. a fee fos

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs. 26-27.........eeatn,

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig: 6.074 y ae

N. Y. Acad. Sci, Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Fig. 7.....-.ceeala

40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl 7, Figs. 1-5...4...

Expl. Blk. Hills, Bl. 3, Bigs: O=72.seeese eee 3

Fall, ‘Ohio, Vol, 25 Plz mbion tse me

Geol. Wis., Vol. "aE Pl. 12, Figs. 19- ~22.. veeede bd,

Proc. B. S. N. EL. Volii85 (pes 294ueesetaeeeeee Foor Po

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 18—22.......-.0.feeee§

Geol. Wis., Vol 4, Pl. 12, Figs. 23-25. woe

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 12- 14 ae y

IN. ¥. Acad. Sct, Voli5;) bl) Oy hioaom

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 16-17......-.-5 Ia,

BRACHIOPODA.

(151)

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

pence

seeee

yews

peeves

U. S. Nat. Mus

IDIe, JKGHG0}9) - soa0obocondnsscopduoqooouNd

Wisse States Collen sisccssececeeccseess

Wii tel Colles selstevocesescoescrees

pores eee wees eweseseeeseses

ce 66

per wee eects eee eesessescese

“sé 66

Wis. State Colliers ace 1 aaa eae

oe oe (74

ira; (Callitt conics san coseneeneeaeaacaa

oe ce

eee cece ee wee e ees eteet ee esa eee

Wes. 0

ce 66 ce

See ry

Wie SaeiNia tis a ee es eae ote

Wis. State Coll

U.S. Nat.

ee voccscces cescecsccces

Bene wer ee cece ceesccee

ce 66 66

Winiven Calits: eeccyesce cue ee eee

Wis. State Coll

see cece escent sete eeasscesees

weet te seer ees csssosese

ee ce cee cer essere sesesas

U. S. Nat.

@hionstate Golly. ss.0..s-ocenee oe

Deere eerste sees esecseees

Columbia College

ees eccseserccsssecce

Univ. Cal. & A. M. N. H.

Lower Carb

Nia garabe nese seont:

Niagara & Helderb

Waverly

eaeceeeee

INidgavar i iacecnw act:

Wrawvenliyeenscmern=rr

seen cette sene

Guelpheresererceees

Niagara sere. seee

Lower Helderb.....

Nia garabeeneecosc:

Pewee eee et wees

Lower Carb.........

ee ee

Beene ee ses ceree

se peesecce

Lower Helderb

Waverly

seeee

tt eeeerccecen

[ORES Cs sconccsoseeos

Lower Helderb....

MESSE sdeusdeadosads

Niagara. - Ns ae

JaheVel, IRM Zooocons0500

Waverly..ccceccscscse

Wipe Eleldexbeea:

INTERENE ssoageeuebedon

Devonian............

Oquirrh Mts , Utah.

Louisville, Ky.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Burlington, Iowa.

> Wis.

Louisville, Ky.

Burlington, Iowa.

ce ce

Various, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Burlington, lowa.

Williamstown, WIS:

Greenfield, Ohio.

Adams Co., Ohio,

Pewaukee, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

White Pine, Nev.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

66 66 66

Newtonville, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Newtonville, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Greenfield, Ohio.

Burlington, Ia.

White Pine, Nev.

Stockbridge, Wis.

Uinta Mts., Utah.

Greenfield, Ohio.

Uinta Mts., Utah.

Red Cafion Creek, Black Hills.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Delafield, Wis.

Burlington, Ia.

Danville, Ohio.

Delafield, Wis.

Logan Cajion, Utah.

Columbus, Ohio.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Near Sucre, Bolivia, S. A.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

WHITFIELD :

LIST OF FOSSILS.

BRACHIOPODA. (151)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE, LocaLity.

Brachiopoda— Continued.

OrtTHIS—Continued.

TESUIPINATANVLALLIN Hecteadsacesseereeeeesdeessaspresmuesses 4oth Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 1-2............0000000 Wi, Ss IN fe AY ae Lower Carb......... Oquirrh Mts , Utah.

rugeplicata H. & W., 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 182; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, Figs I Seen TPIS ADD) ices sciesesichseressseueesse Niagara .............. Louisville, Ky.

subcarinata Hiall................ Geol. Wis., Vol. an "PL 25, Figs. 3-4 Niagara & Helderb | Milwaukee, Wis.

subelliptica W. & W., Proc. Bost. aS IN| EDS; Viol) 85 pn 20 25a rcs ene eeee nena nee \WWEM@IN7 Gosesocctsce: Burlington, Iowa.

PENTAMERUS.

bisinuatus McChesney............eccsceceeececeeeeseennee Geol Wisi Voli 45) Ril tn 7.) Bign oh sscsennteeeeeeae INGa gare er ceeses sae ? Wis.

Mera PUL OC Wing TYPE. ..ccecvoccecscevevesecseorersers 24th Rept.St.Cab.,p.184; 27th Rept., Pl. 10, Figs. 10-12. | Dr. ‘enp Sunocho eae ak ee een es Louisville,- Ky.

Wenticularis’ W. (6c W., tyPe.......0eccsoscecensrererere Proc. Bost. S.N. Hl., Vol.8,p.205.......:-c.++--.sesssseeeereees. PAW Vg IN Es thle ss cise ssccnevwcewecesve Waverly.............. Burlington, Iowa.

Nysius var. crassicosta H. & W., type.............. cs ee GG GO) 0}, 1845 27th R’ ty TeLG3s), IP 11="7 cag GG CC e ‘“ Pr

ef tenuicosta H. & W., type...eseeeeeeses Batic tees co ARS ee 5 caren:

oblongus Sowerby.............0000 Ba Saree ties sneak Geol Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 17, oe A=0, <c sci... deece cones « | Wihitex@ollieeete- sco ccnsstac sees oe Various, Wis.

PCR OE Re ate oo ante IPs, Olin, WO, 2, VIL Fp TWEE @ssnssascseantnnee nance: derncancee WRN O Sst. (CISA 2) see a ne ee 66 sevepeeesenees Yellow Springs, Ohio.

oblongus var. cylindricus H. & W., type ............ Proc. Bost. $.N.H. , Vol.8,p. eee 27th R’t., Pl. To, F.13-14. | PMN Hi esc icc, CO)" eencescagctaos Burlington, lowa.

Rrccrentalisthlallti cs clssoscveccsevsecerasseccsdeceveasies Geol Wiss, Vola Rl 7a. Ricoto: aechn es). dese <teeeeeeeee Wastastate: Colliess.ccciscevcensess INia gatas .eevese Williamstown, Wis.

es ee Ga ug 6S PID 235 Pigs: lH2 ie cos. basses eee CEE ERE Ger ideals asioscicneacs es (CHO Bs ccosconcasnens Gy aC

pergibbosus H. & W., type........0..ccseeeeeeeeeeeeee Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2; Pl. 7, Pigs. TO=10...-....-.seewsertoeees.- Wistity, (Calltic soocosnaoqeesnopne5 0605 INT EIEEV IE) oer ooccenone Greenfield, Ohio.

MIESONMISIVVIDICE. | PYPOs..<ncccecosesccceveseeecercserceres N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 18—22............... OCR crates Secasiscteceevevaesiases Lower Helderb..... Adams Co., Ohio,

Pen tCOSUSmilall wets n ces cuececsestveusecsastacsvocessioes Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 17, Figs. 11-13. ..........00ecesenee Wise stater Collec. .c.scsscaceeeveuns INGE cc nonncdoer: Pewaukee, Wis.

Gs Oe eee aceate ts cae oiwas oNauis ele eae eaide Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 7-8.......ccecccaceecerceneeees @hrorstates Coll eeeccseseesancee GC ecasdincce: Yellow Springs, Ohio,

PORAMBONITES.

OSGUGISHA CAV. LY POs...scccscsceccetvesrecsewsceses 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1,°Fig. 16...............00-+. Ws (SG INE INDIES Geocennesaqune ore @lWebecwrneecn seen White Pine, Nev.

PRODUCTUS.

Flemingi, vay. Burlingtonensis Hall................. 4oth paral: the Vol, 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 9-12........-......- Ome Ste Nate MUS: ccsacncesscasneces eos Lower Carb......... Ogquirrh Mts., Utah.

Bere S BIN EMG eecisserorecesaaiotssaecscestarcessenedsese ce Pl. 5, Figs. 3=4....cccssseeeeeenere 66 SEARO ios Foe Ratatat iG SOBs onrenatt GG ut cs

a ce N. y. ie Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 15-6.....-....... Wnivel Caliiven. «-nccseccessacesee cece (CESS) recoochocesence Newtonville, Ohio.

MPV ACOStALUS| | WHITE, ..c.cccsscevscssvcsstsessecsscsaceees 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 7-8...........:..200s WE SK INetis IMMER rogasconepceposcosn Lower Carb......... | Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

pileiformis McChesney N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 13-14.............. WnivaCaliiaccestercetsccseseosswene se @hestenncccscssaneas Newtonville, Ohio.

semireticulatus Martin............:..sscsceecsseeeecereee 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 5-6.............0.00- : Lower Carb......... Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

RETZIA.

HOMOMOS MELA SP nese. ccverccecsuscesentvissecessseseausees N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 15-16 Lower Helderb..... | Greenfield, Ohio.

Bexplicata WW.) OC W.5 tYPC...cccececc.ssceseeecneccesed Proc. B.S. N. H., Vol.) 8, p. 204. .1....2.00-<a0.aebeseiaeees Waverly...........00+ Burlington, Ia.

RHYNCHONELLA.

Emmonsi H. & W., 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs. 4-8................. (WS Sp INET IWIEES65 Goconoacbseanboang Devonian............ White Pine, Nev.

capax Conrad.........scssececeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs. 26-27..,......s0++- Meese state Collis ccrncussrrceseses Enid Rivies-secenees Stockbridge, Wis.

gnathophora Meek 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 6........:++++ WE Ss NERS INDUS, Soosodandesnansaped Jurassic...........0.+5 Uinta Mts., Utah.

hhydraulica Whitf., type.......ccccsecseeeeceesessesenees N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Fig. 7........ Fr. cdone boc Mee Wnivi@ alifierneyentose ameter Lower Helderb.... | Greenfield, Ohio.

MVUby TILA TOC sy) LY PCs. cree cecewaeceddeedeecasccennnces 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl 7, Figs. I-5......-- cosegeeees (Win See Netty MAUS erremretetasteee seats Jurassic .............. Uinta Mts., Utah.

« “ i Meet RE Re AAN Dir 2 oi i, Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 3, Figs. 6-7...j...cc0ccccsrtee cctewreees FEE IE ececooccose000200000 Caer Red Cafion Creek, Black Hills.

Mplectagelallys::.cccssosesecadsvaaddssecsesccasiesscsens Pal, Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl], Higy Us| ceseecese--s.saaeeeeee teehee Univ. Callif..........1025 ceseennnneee Cedarville, Ohio.

PWieenal WIDER) ty Pe... scveccdsodoevernscceseccecsseene Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs. 19-22 eeeemlvWis, State Coll.....: ceesscseunenes: Delafield, Wis.

Opposita W. & W., tyPe..cc...sseeecsevcerseseeevsconne Proc. B. S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 294 ........s:ceseeeees White Coll.........-s0ssseeeeeseeeeees i Burlington, Ia.

PISANI ee Wing LY PCcvccadade-.nsssarsresercoseneoes Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 18-22......... Univ. Calif... sssceeseeeeseeeeers Niagara Danville, Ohio.

perlamellosa Whitf., type Geol. Wis., Vol 4, Pl. 12, Figs. 23-25 Witsmistate: Colli)..-.sccsscesevetnseee Hud. Riv............. Delafield, Wis.

PABSEMIGSAIVVNTOzsdvces ccs: crea ssn0setssccsaceraessanven 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 12-14...- U. S. Natit Musy.iic.csccssaveriseaene Waverly.........60-+ Logan Canon, Utah.

PATCOSHANVVIMI Eg CYP Cs <.ccncsesncentcerececossesecsacess N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 6, Fig. 6.........+-+- pee |@Ohionstate Coll. scts...ccecccer enc) se Up. Helderb........ | Columbus, Ohio. :

Tennesseensis Roemer Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 16-17........ yo HI sAaapyenienles= ie (6 EE pee tee net eeeereeeeeeras Niagara............+6 Yellow Springs, Ohio.

ScAPHIOCE:LIA. BY

Roluviensis, WIE, <.....0..c0.+c0cccessscceseesensssessees Trans. Am. Inst. Mining Engin., Vol. 19, p. 34) Figs. 1-4 | Columbia College.................... Devonian..........-. Near Sucre, Bolivia, S. A.

Ber:

x IZ TA. 5 C +

ees 0090800 OC UOUCER AP GORLEER HERG p EEE Sor CRE EO rn Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Figs. 12—-15......-+...+- j P| boneeE Univ. Cal. & A. M. N. H. Hud. River......... Cincinnati, Ohio.

OT Akan sue

Note

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Brachiopoda—Conéinued.

SPIRIFERA.

allba-pimensis, El. 6c Wi, ty Pe...20...caeescccossenconees 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl 4, Figs. 7-8..... |

amnuaial 1alell | oasnananseenanpacen ap abodashdonusacodobosceds Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl) 26, Figs 3. 2peseeeeeean |

audaculay Conrad: .ess ences sais ceniscasesenceeseeeca cscs of a «Pl. 25) Bigs. 25—20.2--eee eee |

Centronota Wainchelllie i. .\h-.scanecesenieeeeaacce cote 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 5-6..

Contractay Meek. is. .se ccses ose sae eee epee eh eee oer N. Y. Acad. Sci., vote 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 18-19,

cyrtunitormis Il .& Wa, types. cnsseseese teeneceeassce 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 21-24.........

eurytines var. fornacula Hall....................eeeeeee Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl 25, Fig. 22.230

ints WV CCW .., TYPE s.assclucssuiemnecectemee earners Proc. B. S. N. H:, Vol. 85) p:)-203"ee-etee eee |

mM bre xs blall Py occa ie gnauien’swecioiteem eae ee eereameeeeeteee 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Fig. 16.........

Miata Billings. cities: is sinisbals se onset slecemeeeonineer N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 14......

mucronata Conrad. !.. .cccscsss sseemeneeseecaeenecetnee Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 27-28.........

@restessH 8 W:., ty Pest scene Seca anaseeeseanceemesene 23d Rept. St. Cab. Pl. 11, Figs. 16-20.......... |

plnnata Owen: ...c.<..sc.cacseescnasoasseeteeaeeerecte. Geol. Ws , Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Fig. “Astsiceestecee ee '

PACIAtA SOW ees feiss cca cveacen eUlenseetaeneee nt eeceeres 6 o Pl. 17, Figs. te -

oe Marcou. :. sccocesessneneecsosc reece N. Y. Net Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Pigs 20:

rostellum Hd” &. W., type.....ce5resemeeneeeeeeeteet 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 182; 27th Rept. Pl. 9, Fi

SEMSCLA LAN cin see su encase steel ioeee eee Rea eee EER eee 4oth Penal Surv., VO 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 17-18..

SUKI A EAs SOW ss .00 sets cease sane dace seco ce eee eoeeemeceeeneeres co Bigs: = :

Subvanicosaykl. (SW. “type. lasaeetese eee ee erect sce: 23d Rene St. Cab:, Pi II, figs. 12-I5..

Wanuxeml Elalll........i.01scscsqemeere create seseneneer N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pi. 5, Figs. eer wane

SPIRIFERINA.

ZACZAC WMA tvuiscesacsaese aa oaceemmenntne tere cence: Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 23-24.........

a ORGS ROS CHORE Ener prcnracscoouopaadergoonuasoots N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 13-7. -se

lomivay ite Gab Dic ssscas csis<s scone eenaeee eee eee ees 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 8.........

SPIRIFERA (CYRTINA).

AS Peticiem bial esac leevsiss ces eseaseececmeeee cence etme Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Figs. I-2............

tA DEZOIGANISHEN kOe Ws ....s. sseeceteeeenee eee eneeeTe Es 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 183; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, Fi

(NEAR TINA) lineata “Martin. .........2 sssecndeeecosere N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Figs. 3-6. .

CSPIRIEPRINA))haliay HI. & W., type..-s-sseseeeteses 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 17.......

STREPTORHYNCHUS.

CardinalegVVbiti Wty PCs s- -... .s0.sssace see eee Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs. 9-I0........... |

crassum M. & Wee. a N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Figs 11-12. f.

EGuiiVvalivas Mela Merce ce aticics cose cdss scan coe eee Neeee 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 1-2......

aoe lm Vin tien ty PCsevenqs snecsessoccceesecereeeeee N. Y. Acad. pees , Vol. 5, Pl. 6, Figs. 7—-Qusseee

ay draulicumaa Ninth eutyDCcccecs. v0. <>acecteneeeeeneee Gc ss Pl. 5, Figs: 1=3-:3ee

rove Wis 62. Won 115) O cpa docs oRee ee eRERE BER AceScsceos boc 4oth Parall. ee Vol. 4, Pl. 45 Bigs 3o---e

“< ‘6 Bee Ets ec icels tina vee ca vaceee eee Proc. 8-19: 9 Ne iviole 7 Po 2O32b anes eee |

STROPHODONTA.

Camace elem Gan VsmGV PE Recesarcas ites cscceceeconeaeeeteee 23d Rept. State Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 8—I1........ .

a6 Ct Metis aicletcsie(s'e +0 vs wa cisa'e seen 4oth Parall. Surv , Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs. 1-3.....

demissai@ontadinesseeseeetenteeacetce sci ccs oc sevees concen Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Fig! 18... -.....cssae

Ry bridave lela VEnubyD Cameeteerecicscsc.cc-Uscecsec ect 23d Rept. State Cabs, Ps 230 nesses: sstecsee eee i

IN eEGuisthiatay Conia CUeeem Macs eerncckeseccecess-ccees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pi. 25, Fig. 12) c.vse.ceeaee .

STROPHOMENA. |

Kein cua Wiaithepemtypemmeettee tittececcccsetissceocsnweaee | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs. 15-16........

EN emma kla/ QcOW maby Derr ascecmensneescisciciosiis sisbisees sae | 40th Parall. Surv , Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Fig. 15......%

patentayll alll eesenscscceec se eeemsscsces ecsecsce cela. s='s | Pal: @hio; Vol: 2; \Pli 5) Bigs TO ese ee seeeeee |

ThomboidalismWwailckatassecseseeeeceseeeccereeeere see ce 40th Parall. Surv , Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Fig 4........28

wnicostata Mis Ce Wi ctxscesuteareteet eee cuemen emice ss Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12; Fig: 14.0.:2220--.--6m .

BRACHIOPODA.

(152)

WHERE LOCATED.

eeveee

eevece

eeeees

en eces

bee eee

eeecce

se eace

eaceee

eer ece

weseee

eecee

ee ceec

ee eece

eococe

WUOMBSSaNia te Mius. sc c.scsseck leet ces

Wrseistatem Gollan ci sckes os sieccees

ce ce ee

pence nese es sees coon

Univ.

INGE Ven State Collste cs eis abi:

eu Gimine@alifete eos sckcss

PaseiLal IS Colle easel erence rele chiens

WS eaNate Mlusiee neces veeccescees

ee oe “ee

sere meee eset aw eescee

wap Vier otate Colles a aiete es Nome

OhiowStatel Colles eee eee

WissestatesCollie rar ue eaees

WimivenGalitecs seet hat he ah ee

Wrasse Nate Muse css ee eke.

DreplGmappsetsssjeescescaceeeecees

Wanner Callie, Meee aac

Wissnstatem@ollliie. entra:

Winivenn Calli fist ke ai Oe

U. S. Nat.

Univ.

fee eecescosvccesscevesscce

U.S. Nat.

White Coll

DOO iii iii iy

Fete tw cee cas eesessesceeecs

N. Y. State Coll

U.S. Nat. Mus

ween tee c cscs ees voces

OOOO nici i iii

COs neni

i NisseS tater Colic: 2 aacamunen

U.S. Nat.

Reenter eee cere te asec tssses

see eee ccc ccc rer ese ceens

WWastestate Callas ne usccasvssease secs. |

Wis! SES CO ee ee |

| GEOLOGICAL AGE. |

Waverly aieasene cere

Weel tompereeeeeesee

| oe

| IWaverlyereeceeracee

Kn GInestenscnmaee tenes

(n@hemungeseeesreaees

Ftamiltoni 22... 26

Wiawerlyacsenessccess

lmltowere Carbessese

| Wleres UGS Goooddoos

Eamnltoneesssenenee

Chenin erence

INiagaralinerassccncs:

Chestersa.ee

INiaigarabeneereensseee

eee eeecee

Upper Helderb.....

| Lower Helderb.....

amiltoneescessoneee

We Marcellistesen sneer

|SailinWAS Si Csi seceeeeee

Hamilton............

le Nia garaeeeeenereneeee

SETIaSSIGN Ce ecece

secret eeeee

Upper Helderb.....

Lower Helderb.....

se eer es esscee

Ciremun gee eee.

Devonian............

Hamilton. 2 ...22..0.

Hamilton

@uehecteereee eee

Clinton ae eee

| Wan ssocusdoa0 ee

Hud. Riv............

| Coal Meas.......... |

LOCALITY.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Newtownviile, Ohio.

Rockford, Iowa.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Burlington, Ja.

Bear River, Utah.

| Near Dublin, Ohio.

| Milwaukee, Wis.

| Rockford, Iowa.

Elamulitontesesscesece |

Milwaukee, Wis.

Racine, Wis.

| Newtonville, Ohio.

Louisville, Ky.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

oe ce oe

Waterloo, Iowa.

Put-in- Bay, Lake Erie.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Near Dublin, Ohio.

| Pah-Ute Mts., Nev.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Louisville, Ky.

Webb Summit, Ohio.

Pah-Ute Mts., Nev.

Delafield, Wis.

Newtonville, Wis.

| Ogden and Logan Cafions, Utah.

Columbus, Ohio.

Bellville, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Burlington, Ia.

| Rockford, Ia.

| White Pine, Nev.

Chemung............ |

Milwaukee, Wis.

Hackberry, Wis.

Milwaukee, Wis.

| Delafield, Wis.

White Pine, Nev.

Dayton, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Delafield, Wis.

WHITFIELD :

LIST OF FOSSILS.

BRACHIOPODA.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

LOCALITY.

(152)

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Brachiopoda— Continued.

SPIRIFERA.

alba-pinensis H. & W., type........0.:ssseseeeeeeeeeee 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl 4, Figs. 7-8..........s00000 U. S. Nat. Mus Waverl Oquirrh Mts.. Utah

AIT S tap llall nese eetlertirsesctinacaive see siina cas one cote avesctes Geol. Wis,, Vol. di D120; Hig 3 Nenanaee Meee. aeenen ¢ Wis. Sonn Galilee cee yma Paine oe MuGraiee Wis.

audacula Sa Sab uUOseDdoR dasoasbae erp odnosoGceaocG OG fc Pl. 25; Figs. 25=20 nse ee eee UG Ob 6 ae ee

Gentronota’ Winchelliic...c..cccscccesscceceeccnsucesiors ben Parall. sury., Vol. 4, Pll 4) iccis=osneny eeeeeeeee j THEMEN Mae Gea eae Haniel acco Jaui i

OMIA GLACE Karmne tescrn eee sce nGrctcresersien ese ssesie N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. e Pi. a Higs 18 Ig. “af U.S. raises io A | ee Phe ue eene ane

cyrtiniformis H & W., type.........:escceeeeeeeeeeee 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 21-24.. aN NIRVARSER GSD ht ee \Chenutiens 2. Pak: Rec fordiiton ami

eurytines var. fornacula Hall..................seeeeneee Geol Wish Vole; elas) igs 22.0. one eee 7 Wis State Cn ee | i Stecaehl eo, ee Milwaukee Wis

FrELaTIS WANG, 1s NUREPL TEC a ae te a Proc. B. S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 203..eeceescseeee WENN ho. \escarteeee oats eal | Burlington, Ta.

rralbyres? 16 AND. eeqasetcoronce suoc unc Ua cce ane REe reer eCaA 4oth Parall. Sury., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Fig. 16......... ; U. S. Nat. NI Seka, Reteecre. Vee | Bear ithe (Wiis.

Wea LSS WORSE, 5 jon ocososnpuanngeconacodaodasuANbS ==p900002 N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 14.... 86 (Liksiicte. =: CHIR een a ee | Marcellus.. ......... | Near Dublin, Ohio.

mucronata Comrad.........00.sesseeeeseeceeeee eeneeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 27-28..............0..0- bi Wits, Seve Colle ces Poe | Tlewmbltiorn, onc Milwaukee, Wis.

Orestes H. & W., type.......0.seescsseeeeeeseeeeseeeees 23d Rept. St. Cab. Pl. 11, Figs. 16-20................00006+ f | WAS Site Gill eee | Chemung............ Rockford, Iowa,

PUTA LAM OW Clee acesticcser cheer ccircessecs serio ensvernes Geol. Wis., Voll a5 bliv26s Hig eave ws cs:cceseeeee eee d tl cwis! State Coll _.. | Hamilton Milwaukee, Wis.

ACI ALA Mm SOM AEA ses erimerenaasncthuislsseusseenie vaevere «seve 6G Ce Big) Rigsy l=2\.2..5. ceca Waal 5 Pscatd. 2 a ea eee | Niagara..s.ccsesse. Racine, Wis.

Rockymontana Marcou N.Y. Acad. Sci. , Vol. 5, Pl. 13, Fig. 20 © | Wits, Callers) ene Newtonville, Ohio.

rostellum H. &. W., type 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 182; 27th Rept. Pl. 9, Figs BOEEUG | Wye tall Goll ieessarecccessec-seeseous Niagara.............. | Louisville, Ky.

RET perag lal leer veecserei crests stetecviecesduteceevr cates 4oth Paral. Surv., ‘Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 17-18....... UMIGRENTA nits cee ilteren @arh __ | Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

ShALAR OO Weareteaciieeriecstcssassecte ssl oteecncecs ccise enemies us Figs. 13-15.. | touerrein ee CSE th hor tle ie | “ “ pel aan GG ea

Bubwaricosa Elsi Weg) tYPC.crrercscteereneatacereecune 23d Ree St. Cab:, Pl. Li ics 2 = eee NE Waitin Cal tec uyenn. | Upper Helderb..... | Waterloo, sae

RWanitixeniig lal lewsncansencnenscseseasescincssesevedee sey ces N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 4-5......... ussseees. f Moho statacol a eee | Lower Helderb,.... | Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie.

SPIRIFERINA. |

ce ZAM isl Allleecmetseeeccetenwecerectsisvec sees ese sa easness Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 23-24......c.:ccceseeeeess j Wis, Sheri (Chill, Seance cancsaccccs Hamilton........ ... Milwaukee, Wis.

6s CRN EM RRR oir coisas uae aecies IN} Ye Acads Sci, Mol: 5%, Pl. ait, hig: 0a eeeeeene eee Ba Raneee Calitics een eee Marcellus............ Near Dublin, Ohio.

Nlonaicayie Gab Die vencsane ose ve release rcenesselersi-celnne 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 8...........,:.00000 | }- Ta SUNT Eee. US ee Serie Gime | Pah-Ute Mts., Nev.

SPIRIFERA (CYRTINA). g

agai) JAZ ocneonseqdaps6500nqb565encb0p0009 9500000000008 Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Figs. 1-2.........sscceceresenes } Wis: State: Colles. aiccsseecwieeries Hamilton.......0.066 Milwaukee, Wis.

teApeZOV ALIS EN Gl Wigs ctsr- covcecavssconreoseesccerose 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 183; 27th Rept., Pl. 9, Figs. 19-21 7 Drs Kinappin vn wsscise oecteeecte> Niagara........0000+- Louisville, Ky.

(MarrInia) lineata Martin... cceeesceeeeeees N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Figs. 6 ores pocoeee fF odliinrivenn Galifeseoeeeee Coal Meas.........- Webb Summit, Ohio.

(SPIRIFERINA) alia H. & W., type........c...:seeeeee 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 17.........01. .--2+ § Wi Se Naveen MIst te ee aceescewee Teiassi@s..osccdoree Pah-Ute Mts., Nev.

STREPTORHYNCHUS. i :

GardinalenVVinith em by pee-serteeeenstanstccs ss suede et Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs. Q-10........:ccceeeeree0= i AiVFay Geta Cll cansontoanoacnaszode Hud. Riv Delafield, Wis.

TSEFIS SITUA Vem CCaMNN ctie cee ctcerinctionsohatcicis hae eeeen scirans IND YepAcadsiScissViolem. Pl. 03, higse: lI lomesemmeret nm an lu miven Galitieeeseeeecseren sintees Chester....... Newtonville, Wis. .

Eq uivalyiswEtANM o2s.ccccsscrscosseereseivevvereiecever soe 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 1-2........ See | Ul St Nat Musics... .... | Waverly, Ogden and Logan Canons, Utah.

flabellum Whitf., type...............0.sseseseesseeeeeee N. Y. Acad. Sci. paVioles 5) Bly 6, Eigse) —oruemeam : Uitir, CaIB Rene Upper Helderb..... | Columbus, Ohio.

hydraulicum Whitf., type... ree ee ses Pll; igs) 1=setemees "| Ohio State Coll... Lower Helderb..... Bellville, Ohio.

inflatum W. & W., type 4oth Parall. ae Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Fig. 3...----- U. S. Nat. Mus.... Waverly | Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

es BS ae Proc. B. S. N. H., Vol. 8, p 203......0s-rcsee0- White: Colliciceeeeme aeerncaee Cee ERAS res Burlington, Ia.

STROPHODONTA.

Pamace tbls Oe Wisi tYPCLcuvosssesieeeesssiceewsaeesssedes 23d Rept. State Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 8-11....... N. Y. State Coll Chemung Roden’ ae ;

is Oo Beets ae cuan isn acaman tes tesoee 40th Parall. Surv , Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs: 1-3. .cssscesereseee i | U.S. Nat. Mus... Devonian.... White ee Te

ETI Ssay CONTAC edaceincsecccnuslvcrecesienk saceateceSeoonses Geol. Wis., Vol. hp Pl. 25, Fig. 18.......seceeee eectenevee Pala Visy State Coll, seeccessseesaeaeers Hamilton.... MNS ee, ae,

Py bridamel, Sc W., type.....1.ceseeessernesateresnesess 23d Rept. State Cab., p. 23Q-.-s-+ecessssssceseareserspensenes "| N.Y. State Coll Chemung.... Mei aie

Beg uistriata Conrad!) scnsvaccscssenersessreereasneeseass Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Fig. 12 ..cccccseenceceeereeeeers |. | Wis. State Coll.......:ceesccsseeees Hamilton Wa CUS Ee avs

STROPHOMENA. Melenelduayis

DSi eI WHI ty Perens. eeeerencceeussseuenanaeseseosenrse Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs. 15-16......:s:+cssss0ees |,, | Wis. State Coll,.........:-:02s:s2000 Hud. Riv.... SATS Nex

PEG AMER OCMV\aouILYDCrsctte sis sass cassevcsresaiuesens ore 40th Parall. Surv , Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Fig. 15..----+s:2s1seere-- LO. Si Nat. Mus...... 2.0. eeceren see Quebec......+e0e00001 lnestan Ohio. ‘

acta eA aN Pemeene stave eee iseeres#eesaeency vas saiseseonaes Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5, Fig. 10.......--sses01* [: Univ. Callif.........-:2sceeeeeeeseneee Clinton......++++++++ 0 eee Mts., Utah.

metyaalorotcea hs \WhI Vey ase aacenacooreseasssacnoronercreree 40th Parall. Surv , Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Fig 4 ++ |. | U.S. Nat Mus Dilafeld, Wis.

Mnicostataslvlls Sc Wane srgrce che ose-nas.isessreneonneene Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Fig. 14.sscceserceerres certeeeess *. | Wis. State Coll |

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. | WHERE PUBLISHED.

Brachiopoda— Continued.

STROPHOMENA— Continued,

Wisconsensis Whitf., type.......secceeeeceseereeeneeees | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Figs. II-13......... |

STRICKLANDINIA. | ‘

multilirata Whitf., type........secscceeseeereeece see c sees | Geol. Wis., Vol 4, Pl. 23, Figs. 3-4.....+++0 ,

TEREBRATULA. |

augusta H. & W., type.......-eeseereerercreeeeneeees | 40th Paral. Sur., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Figs. 7—lOs--ce ap

PlarlanivNlortom cos ceseecteraces cosee sees eseenn erin | Hl N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 1, Figs. 20-23............

Harlani var. fragilis, Morton...........-sseseeeereeeees | es sc Pl. a, Figs. 15-22... ease .

Harlani var. perovatus, Morton.........s.esseeereer ees ee be oe ge Pl. 1, Fig. 10%. -s-ee2-- eee

Helena Whitf., type.......csscceeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeecteees | Capt. Ludlow’s Rept., 1874, p: 103, Pl. =aag

Humboldtensis Gabb..........ceeceeeneeeeneeeeeceeeesees _ 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 22-24.

turgida Hall..........ecceseeeee ceeeeneseceeereeeeeeeeeees N. Y. Acad. Sei, Vol: 5, Pl. 13, Figs. 21-22..

Utah H. & W., type......-.cccsecsnrseseecseceeeeerenees | goth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Fig. 18.50

TEREBRATELLA.

WERE eaTitil On iall sy e sr nea nbrcadaparcosddosducsdoaad: Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 1, Figs. 1-4...........02+. :

plicata Say.....ccccoseeressesseseesceecenerererensecerceers aCe: iegees gs Pl. 1, Figs. 5=0. |) s:. 2. eee

_ TEREBRATULINA. |

Ntlantica’ Morton. csccstererecceaec eee raseeseeecesce =r Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 1, Figs. 10-13..........

lachryma Morton. .......sssssesscceeeereeeeeenseeraneee nes a <c._ Pl. a, Fig. 14....--0.-:-meaam :

TREMATIS.

millepunctata Halll ctypetsestecessessce teres erecre == | Pal. Chie: Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Figs. 4-6: 22. :--caeae

punctostriata isle, type Be Meee ese nectniictsciametiiinsiey oe co PL. Y, Figs Qe ---- eee

OG RG nw a aie edeergbopoacnnade ie IG ay ele re Fig. 8.:.cssvesse2- ee

rudis H. & W., type....ccccsesecseeeereeeeeneeeeesnenees | 23d Rept. St. Cab., p. 243, Pl. 13, Fig. 19.....

TRIPLESIA. |

primordialis Whitf., type.........:ss+-eeeeeeeeeeereeeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 10, Fig. 1-2........- +000:

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

ABRA.

cequalis SAY....ccceeceeeesseeeseesecsectecneeeneseeeenees Miocene N. J., Pl. 14, Figs. 1I-15....--.+s+s-+0:

ACTINODESMA.

subrectum Whitf., type...........seeeeceecereesereseeeee | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 20....00:

ALORA. |

Cretacea Conrad, type,.......sscscessccccececeeeereeees | Pal. N. J., Vel.-1, Pl. 23, Figs. 16—-17....-..0%

Eufaulensis Conrad, type........sseseeecscreneeneeeeees ae a¢ sc. PY. 23, Figs. 2=3.....:ceeaee

papyria Comrad, type.... ...sesseseeeeeeeeeererneeeeeeees ee ss ‘6 Pl23, Big: 4. neesee-eee

ALLORISMA.

Andrewsi Whitf., type........cceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesens N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. 6....-2:

Maxvillensis Whitf., type. ......ccecceeeeeeeeeneeeeeeees sic a OG cc Pl. 14, Figs. 7-38-33

AMBONICARDIA.

Cooki Whitf. type. ....ccccseeeeeceneeeeecec seen: seeeeeeee | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 2, Figs. LI-14........000

AMBONYCHIA. |

attenuata, lal secs nceweseececimttisaneitetieicletsielacisrssis( Geol: Wis. , Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Fig. ©6......:...-sesemme

lamellosai uss a. oacecsuaee oncese ssencoemcertisee isos: | K= -Jels Bp Fig. Secceseo neo

radiata Tt t SAEED Rie ta be LN aut cn | Pal. Outs Vol. 2, Pl. 2, Fig. 2. swccoses oo.

AMPHICGELIA. :

costata H. & W., type......:.cccescscsscersesecrnrseses | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Fig. 23.....:-0-+--a

AMPHIDESMA. |

Burnsi) Whit, type-.-<.c\.e:ceos-s0ocsceseesseceeseeee | Miocene N. J., Pl. 14, Figs. 16-18. ....-.-<

BRACHIOPODA—LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. (153)

WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE. LOCALITY.

| | |

canene | Wises tates Collteaannsccesnsnecreece | Eudes Nivaccesse eee aneclatrelads avis

| |

adseee Peis State: Collis ci. ..ccsccseses. | Guelph............... | Sheboygan, Wis.

sare | WSU Nat. Mus, ..0.50.ccce cede! | [WHFS soacccecacesoe | Augusta Mts., Nev.

Jaane eee VIGRAING Lletue neceoreceecite- seco | plese Cretaccoustanees im Newer cyte N |.

Rete TEE ie ee ee da Ca vee ceester| a6 ws... | Mullica Hill, Timber Creek, N. J.

agened acre Cie oe arch a Stes aca necnuetl aire 66 meeeee | umber Creek iNanl).

SOMO cSs Nats Musi. .cc..c.cucseesecess | CrASSOUS oncccasace | N. E. Black Hills.

pes Weider Seti (anc atcn en gecna sa | DASSIC.8e. stacecae: || Lab WteiMts;. Nev:

seca Whmtyeyy Calliten on ecerver nese - eee) Cestehas-s.-2.--4--. |) Newtonville, «Ohio:

Medics Wetoee Nate Nitisi eerie aseseesecdena | WW AVelly...ssseca<oee- || Cottonwood Divide, Utah:

odonee PizentonyeNGmpecesstene casera. see eret ean reece: |) Marlborough) Ni J:

Bye | Univ. Calif. and Trenton, N. J... | ug eeeeeeees | Cream Ridge, Na):

ye. A. M. N. H. and Columbia Coll. | Cret. L. M.......... | Farmingdale, Shark Riv., N. J.

anes SMM BN Ue ruee des shn tcc seats || MLOCENE. gene cesses soch lk @arlestony.9. /C:

aoe AveMe NG Soe. | Hud) Riv.) | Cincinnati, Ohio.

Aten Oe teer AIMCS Sa eke etree eae nc iipenss OST jesacentasion | “ ss

WN New ica Nid cn scceewencwesatats certs Aes Ge ae pecans i i

Hea ee ein tet0F aha casseetes, | MECNtON,. -.cacccasseay @Cliiton; “Tenm:

hanes | Wis. State Coll....................... | Potsdam.............. | Roche 4 Gris Bluff, Wis.

| | |

ae Se Nat Mus) see. e-| Miocene... #7... | Shilom, NJ.

Badeae 2X, WWE Ie Slessosneuoudctocosnosc0b0s |) Jelenratl ly cooooosones | Fishinger’s Mill, Ohio.

Mi. Bo INS). Telit ccsosccossccoversoses | Oe IU, Wccoiodons | Jelaclbatalah ING |p

ee Ca BoyAndrewsaaveaseeseceeees a=) 1 Chesters...2-4...2.4 |. Newtonville, Ohio:

SaSHE firentom, N: Vic: cep eeeaeectereeer)|) ret: Pu tececsecs.-4-. | Woodbridge, N. J.

SOCEE Whee Calif vest. ece.-cdnasreeeeere en esbrentone.9:-..5. |) Beloit, Was:

ce 6é ce ce oe

JORGRE © seenssecervececresccreessee | Hud. Riv............ | Waynesville, Ohio.

Be... Giiosiate) Coll. ..:.- eee | Niagara. 4s) .| Cedarville, Ohio.

ae Usson Nate Misses eee Miocene ni. Shiloh, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST

OF FOSSILS. BRACHIOPODA—LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. (15

= ; ; a —— = = ———— — = = ———

AME, GENUS AND SFeelsss bie | WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL Ace. | Locatiry.

Brachiopoda— Continued. | 7 ae =| a: para Rice

STROPHOMENA— Continued. | | |

Wisconsensis Whitf., type.........-.::eseeeeeeeeeeeees | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 12, Fi i : |

| * <4) Kl. 12) Rig Steele 3 eee eee NWevismmstate: Collie. sccnsssestsaveuese aR | is

ee ANDINGA. | 3 | is. State Co | ISAC IR ppoecancann | Delafield, Wis.

multilirata Whitf., type.-..esseesseeseeeeeeeses sees aee | Geol. Wis., Vol 4, Pl. 23, Figs g=qqe tase Weer State: Colll sac: ccccsccecsvieunss | Guelph......scessen | Sheboygan, Wis.

TEREBRATULA. |

ALO UstawlleeOc HVE LY PE-p eect sccacerecnastereseescesenes | 40th Parall. Sur., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Figs. 7-10 | Us &

Elarlanighlontonlcesesuearstessstsscencnsesasseessaceeris | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 1, Figs, Bees d A. MORE i ee reo ar wit Reade aes Nee

Harlani var. fragilis, Morton..............ssseccreeeees Peace Es £¢ | “Ga 0G ies (ete ra! ea Sie ceeuls ee oe eee NA 7

Harlani var. perovatus, Morton................:c0000- aie oe | ee be ce ce one rae aie ‘Hmber Creel, MJ Tee

leleuey Wits ty perce <resnares cerovwestied.vstessneens Capt. Ludlow’s Rept., 1874, p. 103, Pl. —, Figs, 5-10.. | U. S. Nat. Mus.................., | Cretaceous .......... | N. E. Black Hills,

Humboldtensis Gabb.........0..1.scceseeseeseeseeeeenens | 40th Parall. Surv., Voliv4) RI (6;) Bigs: 22—=24; 00 eee GG, GG Gs nC aaa ea peiliviasstentes.sscccsc jeeIHAKGo Wikis, ISexr,

ftureidaphlall es ssssseSetedsaecuctheoscetewesatecuteeennents _N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 13, HG S2) 2122 ese eee se (Unive Cali fie Aerts cacy ccssgserwce ONESIB? seconeecconnts Newtonville, Ohio.

Witaheller Sei Wao) byPesweasccscse.ceneiccsecteswescescvenss | 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Fig. 18..............026.-.. IW Ss INTE WHITES oocococancesopdeooner | Waverly............0. | Cottonwood Divide, Utah.

TEREBRATELLA.

Werniebeeyitl Wp 82 Ton os uscass99naqobosongseogscesponobSpoE Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 1, TESS 1 oooogatpnaohannti 6 9005paHn Velen tone Nel ieeeseeeeotseenee se | (Cixi, We Whe ncsceonce Marlborough, N. J.

PliGatagSay me -cacesencceacaceaserasbasesia sadn’ scm ecewen ate as Blot, SBIgSI5 =O 5. caeuu.saecactenteeee cess Univ. Calif. and Trenton, N. J... | Sone Mas Seco Cream Ridge, N. J.

. TEREBRATULINA. |

PAttlamticay NUOrtOn: ses. cvncencsscenes souceskesdedaseuevecens Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 1, Figs. 10-13 | A. M. N. H. and Columbia Coll. | Cret. L. M.......... | Farmingdale, Shark Riv., N. J.

Ha chny may WlOrtOnsaseesscsssearcseetesenenecceateeeene sane Coe ‘oP, Figs 14 COMME ORELC ERIC CIGD. eB iver aR it ele | Hocenéissrascassscas | Charleston, S. C.

TREMATIS. |

millepunctata Hall, type..............seeeceseseeeeenee Pal) Ohio; Vol: 25) Pls 1) Bigs: 4—Oleeee sae eeneneenee ee ANSI INSEL 02. cccsacnestesserees Turd ae lwiveeeeeeeeeees Cincinnati, Ohio.

punctostriata Hall, type..........c..ccsceeseeeeeeeeee ees oe Ss f° PL. 1) Fig. 9....225-0: cee eee eee Wis PS Veh Sosentedaoaccessecoseoace se Se eeteacitese ie ut

“ CO GO AL a 86 68 OP). 1, Figs 8...1....0.< 00 ee EAR ANI IN Eaten! oy occhinietaettavecece es w each ue oa

TIT ISM Ll ROCA is LYE esrcas tes seeatcaroieices est Seseselecs 23d Rept. St. Cab., p. 243, Pl. 13, Fig. 10.-...ceseueecesees GO °C HGS Eta a ae en ae erat Trenton.............. Clifton, Tenn.

TRIPLESIA.

primordialis Whitf., type..............ssscseeeeeeeeeeers Geoly Wis:,) Volt 4) Ply 10; Figs 1=22)....-usdesesemmeenirsn Wits! aotatel Colllvge.sseccecerceaesoces Botsdameeseessesses Roche a Gris Bluff, Wis.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. :

ABRA. |

SEG (EIS. SIEB-o2p0ca00nasco00nomcooeGhonnABacDNAadeoSo0600000 Miocene N. J., Pl. 14, Figs. 11-15..........22-csseeeree==ee-e Use Srp Na tee VInisionaseentenasesceterese Miocenetesssesiesnes | Shiloh, N. J.

ACTINODESMA,

SH DLE Chum Mitte mhy PC. teasesceecssescscese secs esses N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 20...... S3dds00D000G00 PANY MP WIN at lliere-citatiteaieaeesijeesa sis Hamilton............ | Fishinger’s Mill, Ohio.

FEORA. |

(Wretaceam Conrady ity Pe, nem. e-een-eesereseosrsrestiss ese Pall N. J, Vol: 1, Pl. 23) Bigs: 16=17/.-..acsummerneaecttesss. IGING Ste hile eeceaccncecccneacerecs (Chilis We Wiloccseccaon | Haddonfield, N. J.

Eufaulensis Conrad, type...........:seceeseeeeeeeeeeeee 6G Ob CC SPI 235 igs (23) n-ss seers _ 2:0 CE ee ale ea a 06 RG. ae deev eee 06 ne

papyria Conrad, type.... ....ssccssecseeceeceeeerseeeeees es fs GG VEL, Bg), TNE Ae onc snes : oe ae aes se = e os

ALLORISMA.

Amdnew si Wihiths iby PCr. ncseccescnesrseceesnseesrcnssss N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. 6......-022s:e-0ss00-s C2: Andrewsarcmmsarseeeees ean (Chestersserersverees Newtonville, Ohio.

Maxvillensis Whitf., type............:scseeecsseeeeeenee GG a5 Gt cc) Pl 4 phivse7—Otememeeesemere.s| °° RE cocoa {concern nested GE sana anibcBeorc Us ub

AMBONICARDIA. :

Wook MW iIRTtE type sieaecscstectiesesesetaresornertascaerene Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 2, Figs. 11-14.....:.ssseseeeseeeseeeee Trenton, N. J Woodbridge, N. J.

AMBONYCHIA. F : : :

PttenUatam blal lusesmencacmescneescaatcn ot cesaceeuvenceucence Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Fig. 6 Whig Calif. ..0sccssseeesesseseeeeeens Belois YE

lamellosa ‘‘ 6 “ «Pl. 5, Fig. 5 ee ‘ cs

radiata uO Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 2, Fig. 2.....cseecssseesetecneeneancnnees co Coed vcetos duaeaueaetaanes Waynesville, Ohio.

AMPHICGLIA, : , : :

COStataa ble Oce Wap ity Per mesiesee ss seeseasaesssaecieeasen Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Fig. 23......:csceeceeeeascseeneereecs Ohio State Coll Cedarville, Ohio.

AMPHIDESMA. :

PBrienist WHI y LYPE:.ccecvceocesitncasocccsesnerassceacee Miocene N. J., Pl. 14, Figs. 16-18.....00--sseecsrereevsseess U. S. Nat. Mus Shiloh, N. J.

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, .GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHBD.

Lamellibranchiata— OLEATE

AMUSIUM. \

Conradi Whitf., type

Simplicum Conrad..............sssessercscnseesceceseco ees

ANODONTA,

Corpulentoides WLea.............c0c0eeeeereeceeeeereeenons

grandoides oe

ANOMIA.

tellinoides Morton

ARCA.

altirostris Gabb, type

quindecemradiata Gabb............t...csesescseeeoereee

ARCA.

(LaTIARCA ?) idonea Conrad........: SceobnoodeqoGadeen

(ScAPHARCA) callipleura Conrad, sp............00+++

IiGTOREY ISERAEe aanerdbanad daeedaseEdOnoncacconocuocooHdKdo0N

(SERTARCA)) centenaria Say......5.csace-eoseeesernnss

(TRUCE) transversa Cabby tyre Ste iee acarite

eee

ee ee a

See ey

ce ce KF ce

eee ed

ASTARTE.

AmenOSawel ee Wis tyPe....c...00 ssememomeemenecmerie

SaCastanellawVMith. 5 LY PCs... «encemececccotenaneeneeeres

GnmeitormstConrad. 2... ...2.0.~. cnt emiie sesvanectseeceincs

distans ce

Evansi H. & M

2 Ions IN eal PR e ae eEeR eeAnenerntiosddoccoods

planimarginata Whitf., type

Thomasi Conrad

symmetrica ‘‘

veta oe

? AVICULA.

ATITI OSA BOMEA CW ase fai rorclsic onc ances sowene Loca ee eenee

(OxvgomA mucronata M. & H...........tcamcses

AVICULOPECTEN.

curtocardinalis H. & W.

crassicostata H. & W.,

? equilatera Hall

ATICSLIMME ALLIS MVIRECGRN Meet ccinssiscc oc ee ee cacenccsenseueere

liniformis W. & W. » type

nodocostatus W. & W.,

parvulus H. & W. , type Meee asus ss sis ss. sesaceck sates

Weberensis H. & W., HY DOmeeeRetiscsccnese cesses os octet

(EumicroTes) Augustensis H. & W,,

AXINEA.

eallcay. WAVIINE 6. (97 0125 ood6an00 “SoocenodouSo damn UDe SE AOBSBeRRHe

Conradi Whitf.. type

lentiformis Conrad

ee ee er ry

ee i

wen ew acer ccccct ccc c csc ereescecccceceseses

Tree eter eee eee ee ee ee eee

IMortonit Gonra dts ssen ee saaatetk comeeenccssececsscs seuss |

BARBATIA,

Marylandicay Conradiess.-csssseaeccstoseeeesisren-isesias sss

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 7, Figs. 8-10,.255 eee

G6. GC con 6 Pl. 7, Figs: 11-12.

Pal. N. J., Vol 1, Pl. 35, Fig. Yasssssssssessconnee

«PL, 35, Figs. 2=3:2.....+.--osenee

| Pal. N.J., Vol. 1, Pl.4, Figs12—=—geeeeeeee

al we suk Vol. 1, Pl. 12, Figs. -22=237) eee

| cc 6¢ Pll 27, Figs. 1O—1geee eee

Mioc, N. J., Pl. 7, Fig 1...

Ni 9 36 Pl. 6, Figs: -8-0:,....cssssee tees

| hese 6s. Pl. 6, Figs: 10=10a 225

te eo) PI.6, Figs: $=722 -csccsece se eee

| Pal. Ne ee Vel. Tw rele ES, 14-15... 2.5. -ceeee

“ 13. ...0c0c ee

Ge oe ‘6 6 MI COMPRES

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Figs. 20-21.....

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 1-2.........2...%,

| Mice: N. js Hele 8, Figs. S=1O.22.<sessccesss-eeeeeae

GG JEG G5 Figs. 1317 cic ccvetedccsiecs sea

Expl Black. Hulls; Pli®r1, Pigs 13iese-eeeee-ee eee

G6 Pl. 5, Figs. 32=33.0.005-0:e- eee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl; 30, Pigsso-40 eee eee

) Miocs INE Ujena: 8, Figs. 3-7 ...scssssesc eee eee

Bue ae ec. Pl. 8; Figs. 1-2)... 2ccssseeeee eee

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 2, Fig. 0.2..::2ses-ee eee

| Pal. N. J.,-Vol. 5, PI. 29, Fig. Quis besescasce ae eee

| Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 4, Figs: 1-2...2.sccesse0cs ea

| 40th Parall. Surv. Vol..4, Pl. 6, Fig. 4: 222s

| 24th Rept. State Cab., p. 188; 27th Rept., Pl. 1

| dNIo NZ ANeaGL Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig: 1633

ae6 <¢ Pl. 16, Figs. 10-11

| Proc. B. SN. H., Vol. 8, p. 295 Beppe scooboeron z

<c D: 290 ceeeeteeet soo aaa

| 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 6........33mm

| 269 a a6 ccoeee rele 6, Fig. 5......cscam

Pl. 7, Figs. 14-16.....

Eat N. Jo Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 26-29..

sc Pl. 20, Figs. 10—L10....- sess |

Mioc. N Nlep lak Ges FS 6. .:..0c ee

Pal.. N= J.5 Voloa, Pl. 11, Figs. 23-25.........cssme

| Mioc. N. J., Pl. 7, Figs. 2-4.......0+-ec-ceses ==

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

WHERE LOCATED.

LOcAULITy.

BAP NIN En eee. |

| Trenton, N.

AN, INT. {S. Jee pasesaqeecananeaeacnoose

ce ee

INS INIs Ss

Mnentombs Newer seas ssete csc selec

JVs IN. Sk~ oii pcocoadooososeaooa0e50ce

oe ee oe ce

ce ce ce oe

We Se Ne

WAS NewSoephilie ne

eee er ccnrercevoscces

SeeSgSgggees cirri

direntomseNe apes cemsc cease eoree

Usaha Nate MUST ng aces tae

U.S. Nat. Mus

Dr. Knapp

Univ. Calif.

sere e eee e cor ess sscceseesses

3 ce

SRO iii iri

COO i iin iii)

Petree ec cccre sees sesccces

cé 66 ee

eect et ere cce sec cceeee

‘TQASTALICI , INS | Ren eRRRMEBeRaaccoscccee

oe 66

US, A GE

Trenton, N. J

Peewee were eee eresecccvene

Woes Nate. IW n es ak he

eee e eee ec cee nee

Grete y Miocene

| Cret. eS la ee:

Greta eV eeanesen|

Eocene

Crete Mice aces

Jurassic

Eocene

eee ee ewes eseee

ecoeee

Eocene

Jurassic

Rermo-:Carbeeen

Up. Helderberg...

Marcellus

eee cre ec eaee

Permo-Carb......... |

(a4

OTERO Roos bonanonde

eecccccce |

Miocene ee nyse

Cret.

Miocene..............

| Haddonfield, N. J.

Enfaula, Ala.

| Fish House, N. J.

6e ee

| Freehold, N. J.

| Crosswicks, N. We

New Egypt, N. J.

Miocene sae ssen. | Atlantic City, N. J.

oe ees ace ag:

Sf oratuaeueten osc: | Shiloh, N. J.

Cre taleay Mi aeeeeaee | Arneytown, N. J. ?

eae ter ENG Mullica Hill, N. J.

ce ce 66 ae be

Chalk Creek, Utah.

Shark River, N. J

| Atlantic City, N. J.

Hoon ones eon eso bonen Shiloh, N. J.

Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

Red Water Valley, Blk. Hilis

Shark River, N. J.

Near Mullica Hill, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

Washington, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Belle Fourche, Blk. Hills.

Wahsatch Mts., Utah.

| Falls of the Ohio.

Columbus, Ohio.

Falls Township, Ohio.

Burlington, Ja.

Wahsatch Mts., Utah.

ce ce 6e

Augusta Mts., Nev.

| Walnford, etc., N. J.

| Shark River, N. J.

| Shiloh, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

| Shiloh, N. J.

WHITFIELD :

LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

NAME, .GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHBD.

Lamellibranchiata—Continued.

AMUSIUM.

Conradi Whitf., type

simplicum Conrad

ANODONTA.

corpulentoides Lea

grandoides

ANOMIA.

tellinoides Morton

ARCA.

altirostris Gabb, type

quindecemradiata Gabb

ARCA.

(Latrarca ?) idonea Conrad

(SCAPHARCA) callipleura Conrad, sp

(73

INETROBEL SERV oc socecconne can saaagnonnicoansbendboDEneeqcReDe

(STRIARCA) centenaria Say.............csseeeeeeeee eee

( TRIGONARCA) transversa Calo, (Sole aonroneedoconD

“

ASTARTE.

arenosa H. & W.,

~~ castanella Whitf. ,

(73

type

ebuaveypiovanonts; (Clo ebeKGl ne Ganosp soooe oon odNqR SHON DONOOSoD

distans

Evansi H. & M

? fragilis M. & H

‘planimarginata Whitf., type

Thomasi Conrad

symmetrica ‘‘

veta i

.? AVICULA.

~~annosa Conrad

AVICULOPECTEN.

curtocardinalis H.

“

&W.,

(OxyToMA) mucronata M. &H

type

crassicostata H. & W., type ...........eseeeeeeee

? equilatera Hall

interlineatus M. & W

‘ liniformis W. & W., type

; nodocostatus W. & W.,

parvulus H. & W.,

Weberensis H. & W.,

(EUMIcROTEs ) Augustensis H. & W., type

=) =o

AXINEA.

ts Whitf., type

onradi Whitt. . <

lentiformis Conrad

Mortoni Conrad

BARBATIA.

Marylandica Conrad

type

WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE. |

LOCALITY.

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 7, Figs. 8-10,.....cencscesreers PSM esecsceercnsrduerocertes | Cret. L. M.. | Haddonfield, Nags

ee es 66 PY 7, Figs, TE-12 v..eeecessesereeend| A oe a lee necdocepedasseodaun anes | Cretaceous.....-..... | Enfaula, Ala.

Pal. Ni J. Vol x, Plis35, Fig. 1......0 eee renronme Ninel essences cose: Vs Gietape: hoes eae | Fish House, N. J.

cose fc ss Pl. 35, Pigs. 2=3.:.:.:cssemereeete as “ BG apacbOcocSy QUUBOEGETE 66 seveseaeesen ees

(ebaleeN: ij) Ole ty Ele45 Bigs) 12=135 see eenenee ee j@zenton TS). ncepooenoedscoaueneeosca | (Gif, Ws Wlessooodee Freehold, N. J.

| 5 Ile Jacasoo

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 12, Figs. 22-23 i, & Dee ire rete su ieetene | Crosswicks, N. J.

ea TEE PL a2 7) Pigs LO= 13) .ec-usa eee {| ne N. 5 jpg booooRDGoAs0ed09N3B60 | (Cixefis WU, Wilocaroc _ | New Egypt, N. J.

Mioe: INE Woo JL 4, I Gu Ticcencnaracsetencscs saiedes- Remedy A. N.S. Phil.....cccceee eee see neers Miocene........-..--- Atlantic City, Ne J:

ee PING Bigs 8=O\n Ave st aciastcossssssccemteeet | GS (a > GGL ae ere CCS es ieee fe

a GG IDG (0), JESS TICSCET, opanenonancnatoosoanacen 74) toGe cde GG) 0G SE RARE Rae acencocososouco UG. isesncesonnoug ay "

S 0 = PIO; Bigs: jyhetesnce sree ccs | coe | ® Wh, Wwe nasennoacoasonbacoondee he aa eon Shiloh, N. J.

Pal. N. Js Vol. 1, Pl. 22, Figs. T4=15) ss schsssevenenene ‘| ie TN, Se Wail nacoeqeosouoneoonenord | CGiati, We Wloccacecoos | Arneytown, N. J. ?

66 beh eine ea Pedisedootck| eenion no dec OnE OB ORRDDUSEQUORBaEIINCD CO Ol Tos Kodug jpbiullice Bill, Ne Ip

ae 18 a ee Pa NREL fo gece Sires Vike |

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Figs. 20-21.............)) UJ, S. Nat. Mus......:seeeeerereees Triassic or Jur...... Chalk Creek, ee

Pall N. Ji, Voli 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 1-2.) ri NipAe NT GNIpa Lies teste se vsauseteaneca=s EOcene.«..+e-seseee+ SY eee

| Mioc. N. ihe Pl. 8, Bigs, 8=10..i.0.0:s002 +200 eee \iGax INE, Gi, TNL ocean soenpouceococctacc Miocene......-+.+-+++ See ale

«PI. 7, Figs. 13=07).. 00.008 00s eee U. S, Nat WES) sooo0g0uopos0cHco060 Ce weprpeeccicdeaee i Will

| | Chhabra age Clete Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

| Expl Blacke Hills, a ie ae Jette aioe « dee EERE meets cece Red Water Valley, Blk. Hills

Pal. N. vi Vol 1, Pl. 30; Pigs o—4.v.c.-necssem tees acen emu nesseos Shark River, N ae Ha NJ.

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 8 Figs. 3-7.... ‘ Miocene......-..++++: Near Mullica Hi

a ce ? Pl, 3. Bigs! Sopot ae Ga e See Atlantic City, N. j.

Pal. N. qj, Vol. 4, Pl. 2, Fig. t44....):9 4 Cicivon Owen: tieaeegeny elh

fe . Shark River, N. J-

TEBIL, INT, Nog WO Lig WG 9), TR @nonsccoacoscconccanccne occ BORene erecta Bik. Hills.

Expl Bile) Hills, Pll 4,! Bigs, 1220../sc11:./cteieemitTy) S, Nat, Mus.eoc.cccere--or-e-3* BVT En cerrenconcce Belle Fourche,

j if ts., Utah.

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 4... we U.S. Nat. Mus.....-0seeeeeeeeeeeees Benoa aaa Ba Tors 2

24th Rept. State Cab., p. 188 ; 27th Rept., ‘Pl. roi ‘Fig. | Dr. Kmapp.....eecseesseseeeereeerss Up. Helderberg... | Boneares, Ohve!

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 16 | Univ. Calif Marcellus «-.2-++-+- lls T ‘nship, Ohio.

o 3S «Dy. 36, Figs, 10-I1... eserves? Coal Meas......-+++ Falls Tow BED

Proc. B. 8. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 295 oe ee Waverly eee

De 20 Onemreseeaenaereese bs i h Mts., Utah.

4oth Parall, Suis Vol. 4, Pl. é Fig. 6 Permo-Carb SEU ae “

“ « Pl. y Fi sy

ee Bly, His 16 Jurassic pee

ford, etc., N. J-

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 26-29 Trenton, N. Jesceescceeesceeetertees Gret, Lu. Mu... ee eas NJ

& & «¢ Pl. 29, Figs. 10-11 COMM C2 va, enero cocennee E0cene...++seseeeee00+ Siok Ne it

Muoen NG Jn, els a, Bigs. (5=O0ss.snncesee-esseeeeeeeee U.S. Nat. Mus......ssceeseseeeeees Mose rf ae Presa I

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 23-25 "tetera, INL, |) neceeepeeeercerecaac0 Cret. L. M...+-++++

: Shiloh, N. J.

Mioc. N. Jes Pi. Tes Figs. Q—Aiccccccceccccccssersccevenaaessseces 1 U.S. Nat. Mus.....cceeeeeeeseerees Mioceneé.....--++++++* 110. J

> 4 |

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES,

- WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

BREVIARCA.

Saffordi Gabb., t

CALLISTA.

DeclawarensisnGabb; tyPelsc.escocseecsssoecooeesrcecee

CAMPTONECTES.

bellistniatarVlee ky iis cick seu nace epee ener wesc oant omens

ce ce

wee wees e rere cee e ce es sess esoveseesesess

ee mee merce ec escceeseceseeesessosesescese

Burin stonensis;Gabb,wspsessscestscasecstesecseeesees

extenuatusn Micek, (Sp. cscnceaceieecace eee -ecceccacres

Gc Ma & Hi. ake cave veetooveneeaskenaeeemacete

PanvyusiWihith , sty pezannssnaqcecmecesaseencsecettenceeeece

pertenuistriatus H. & W.,

CARDITA.

Be rittont Whitt.; type: :..s-stsseceenseseesemeseneeseee ae:

OMAN WALA LS AY! sce asic asieis’e sje welewre acta oas weeoeeeiseseiietsieies

intermedia Whitf.,

spekantiqua Conrad. <5... ..s«ssseseeeeemesen ss nescee

CARDITAMERA.

Maculeatam Conrad cease! sce soe e Oe eS ene

arata of

CaRDIOPsIS.

crassicosta H. & W.,

Pe eee ere rere eee ceseseesseeeesceesccaeesens

CARDIUM.

Enfaulense Conrad

ENE VAMC cts Whoa ie siccs sa wa ale outa Gerson cose aerate

(CERASTODERMA) craticuloides Con

Ce ee a

(GRIocAR DIUM) sdumosum Con. .......2...csceseetes ee

MOM tiradiatwanis Gal Dy sas jescs sc ccsecsesseenerceeeuneeceess

(FRAGUM. )

tenuistriatumeNVbithwty Pes. ascsesccssc-sscseeceonncsince

(PROTOCARDIUM) perelongatum Whitf., type.........

PerelongatumiVVhithe ty pesescssces.cc-ccdectecserenaees

CARDIOMORPHA.

Missouxiensis Swallowiscwerctecocecmacesceclsesce-ceneae

CARYATIS.

ovalis) Wihithi sty pesmeseasstdssactecsessceactere seca:

wetar WWihithc vty pevasceaceccset ccaneremenecceoscee aceon

CERCOMYA.

peculiaris ‘Conrad, type s.ses-dssestecse oeceees sence.

CHAMA.

congregata, Conrad, types cnccossresseneeecenacenseeeren

CIBOTA.

multiradiata, Gabb, itypem---sec-cose-eseecrenseee eee sose>

besa: Whith type .t.c.-cceccacser setenoerereeeneeeeeenne:

rostellata Morton

mnlOpsis Conrad. {ccs cscs-doacouseseaeteeeeeeemeees

Ral. N.\J.,; Vol. ri sbiaeersiias:

| Mioc. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 9, Figs.

| Pal.

Pal. N. J., Vol..1, Pl. 12, Figs. 11=12-.2..-2eeeae

Pal. N. J., Vol: 1, Pl. 22-Figs. 8—10....5:.-seeeee

40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 13.........

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 4, Figs-6—15.%....).-casemaee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 8; Figs. 3-9725.20:--caenum

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 18..........

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 4, Figs. 4-5..............000:

Pal. N. J.,; Vol. 1, Pl.-8, Figs. 1=2.2°5-222-seeee

40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig: 17-2. eee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 1I—12)--)--saaa

Mioc. N: J., Pl. 9, Figs. 1=45....22.cssse ce += eeeea

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 28, Figs. 14-15...) aaa

Sc Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 8-10) .-.2--aeeaee

Mice: N. i Pl. 9;-Figs. 7=8. cscscs..000e--e eee

cc Pil.-9,. Figs. 5=6-s.:..-c0cee sees eee

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 188; 27th Rept., Pl. 12,

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Figs. 17=19....-22-uee

66 ‘¢ Vol. 1, Pl. 20; Fig>—14sie.s2- eee

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 10, Figs. 16-19.......2..-...aan

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl:.20, Figs: 9=137--22--aenemm

Vol. 1, Pl. 21, Figs: 1=355.-2---. see

Pal. N. J.;-Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Figs. 15-16......2dem ce.

‘¢ Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Figs. 20=227.---- seen

aie ‘¢ 6Vols.4, Pl. 21, Figs. 4=5. <22.:-seee

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 1-2......

leat N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 15—16.-.-.:sheemm

cco Vols th bles: Figs. 16—10...... 20a

24-25,.......00ne

14-18. ....c 20am

N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 21-22........2aue

Ge ‘¢ Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 30=31---.. aaa

6 66 Vol. 1, Pl. 13, Figs. 34—36.-...-ce

36 ‘¢ =6-Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 32=33°.:--- see

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

pecees

ae eee

ee eee

pees

WHERE LocaTED.

A. INig So. Jen peecconancoesaeeEbeosce

AVON. |S» Phil? & Trenton, N. J.

Wis Ss INKS WWM Sogcos bosoudaonodoooe

(73 oe ce

sirentons Ne Js, 46 N.S. Bhilee

Us, So INGEN TIRES Coscosnecssdsaaded

“ce ce ee

see erence er ececssecs

AMrentons Nin icscessseceseeoleerseesss

(WiheSisNati Musi saccnwecnseeesmiec

+ ee ew weet eee s ee ese scans

PAW MIVIESUN Es elise cee itocesislscictsseesiices:

be 66 66

|, “seeratkoyar, IN. [a aeasasecoboncs doncanbes

| Columbia College....................

NeW SemNiataVitisSessernee vr amnn sacri

eee ve teece ete e ee sescce

Cece eter eee escccces

Wo So INeS AYES. sds Scoosscoscasadodee

Mien tom Nei aie-eomeereereeneeceee

6 & A.M. N. H

eee esceee

wee creer ecceseceeeessces

MiremtoneeN spe )/.22<3\s.00 ese eee

(At Vinge NEOs 36 0... scene cee

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Cretuless Vieesseeeees

ce ee

Greta Ups ilestess

IOcenetseseeeeene

| Up. Helderb.

Hamilt.

Miocene..........

Cret.

Grete leaiteenee

ce 66

anes

eee

LOCALITY.

Haddonfield, N. Y.

Holmdel and Freehold, N. J.

| Uinta Mts., Utah.

| Belle Fourche Riv., Blk. Hills.

Freehold & Burlington, N. J.

Rawling’s Station, Wyo.

Belle Fourche Riv., Blk. Hills.

Freehold, N. J.

Rawling’s Station, Wyo.

Squankum, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

Farmingdale, N. J.

| Shark River, N. J.

| Shiloh, N’ J.

| Louisville, Ky.

Holmdel, N. J.

Keyport, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

| Haddonfield, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

Marlborough, N. J.

Cream Ridge. N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

White Pine, Nev.

Shark River, N. J.

Farmingdale, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

| Freehold, N. J.

| Burlington, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. (155)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES, * WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE. LocaLity.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

BREVIARCA. |

AOKGIN GAD ity Pereseresspescsrercssersascaaresessenss Balen. Js, Vol. 0, Pl. 2), Bigs 0002s eee eet eee JN, JIN Sho] Bahl eesapeponsstopesonaceoe Cret. L. M.......... | Haddonfield, N. Y

CALLISTA.

Delawarensis Gabb, type......1....2ssesseereceeeeseeces Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 22, Figs. 8-10......cecccsseredeseresss A. N.S. Phil. & Trenton, N. J. Ob ON ease ase | Holmdel and Freehold, N. J.

CAMPTONECTES. ;

ellastriatay Meeks cca. sessessscrscedseccerececseesecssenes 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 13 Pee enon Naty MUSi..ccsscencecscoeccees S|ULASSI Comeeeeaeeesets Uinta Mts., Utah.

66 OE SSC SOR OBB ODECECUCEDACDOC aOR ROOegS Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 4, Figs. 6-15. .....Js.seees ic ce CMM Mr eae siroanonsecasoses OS geemeceacece Belle Fourche Riv., Blk. Hills.

Burlingtonensis Gabb, Sp............cseseceeceeeeceeees Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 8, Figs. 3-9...........000+ ... || Drenton, N. J., A. N. S. Phil.... | Cret. L. M.......... | Freehold & Burlington, N. J.

xtentatis: Meek, SPreeccwceasriecseceseseccecncrasersees 40th Paral. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 18 Dem MUM SH Nat wIVIUS!o.2.0c.c2cs.eceeeeoe JuILASSicaeeseeesses ee Rawling’s Station, Wyo.

Gs INUee Scaled teste ace se-estesaciecatestecccrsenses Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 4, Figs. 4—5.........-..:ssceseeceeeeeeeee ae GG 8 00s See csacheHncrocacenre COS ceeaseac aes | Belle Fourche Riv., Blk. Hills.

AILS MV VNIEE Wty DOr. sasesecesisceceescsscerise ie tinsciiel« BalING es aVOle I, bl cS) igs. T=2. 0... 1s esaseeemeenie == sirentonsyNew| fect ees. -eececccesccescce. | Gigli, We Mlercscasccs |) ECOG INK Vf.

pertenuistriatus H. & W., type...........ceceeeeeeeees 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 17........s.cecsseeeeee (WeeSueNath Miustecceenccsccces-s eens JWISSI© opasccsandacer | Rawling’s Station, Wyo.

—~ CARDITA. |

BeisrittonisWihitfy, type’..<ccceeeseest-ssevexceesccseceeeses Pal: IN. -J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30; Figs) 11-02. ........ 2 csscucemse--- Ave MiemiNaillinemie iets eines eesiowsissiee TEOYSEVNE-.nocnconaacoc Squankum, N. J.

TAMU At aRO AV Avance tek men seseisrcises cosa ssisemeisrisceiasge se MiochNG Jipeilivg; igs eA eensnessice: deen cetneetieen = AX TNlo IS UpltlS Sorgconoocecnaceon05Ken Miocene...:.....----- Atlantic City, N. J.

intermedia Whitf., type Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 28, Figs. 14-15..............csesseeees Columbia College. ...............05+ | Cret. Up. M......... | Farmingdale, N. J.

SEAT gual COMrAGyssse seme seassueissssseesosecseestonecsse GE CGT NOG tt, Tell Blo JESSE EMO scanenoncan.nrss: so08eos JX Wily IN5 Vile cag anpacesnncoocoenncbu6de TBGIEEE oocoocensnoon Shark River, N. J.

CARDITAMERA. tee

EArt eat COMLAC seq nwsoudevoavs'eaststesiessneesesecteasees Me, N. Tk Pl. 9, Figs. 7=8..cs.cacasneeeecenmeecmecinee:-c- U. S. Nat. RUBE c Sago cussatienee| [NILOCENES seeenceescsck | Shiloh, N J.

arata 08 sogeuadddoosonducpoecsG0 0000000 DbC0neceanC 6© Pl. 9, Figs. 5=6. 0.2000 cceeeeeer teen seater = Cay EE TERS | sete baad ee comeet 660 a eetaa eal ge ss

CARDIOPSIS. .

Grassicostay kl. 6c Wa, LYPOs--cecosccenescrcsnssssessene 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 188; 27th Rept., Pl. 12, Fig.9..... | Dr. Kmapp.........0.:..eseseeeeseeee Up. Helderb. or ; Louisville, Ky.

e Hamilt.

CARDIUM. |

IByatatenSe (CONTAC ein esseccecssneclscneseaess farses Pal. N. J., Me}, 1, Pl. 20, Figs. 17-19 soa || Aiesntwoyay, INI [6 coapaecosseocn cbnadgoe ae Be Holmdel, N. J.

PESNi a Les yA UVTI Sie Wet elocieate cele ias'einiseiecinsiloleese‘oi)ele icine CS Vole Pl. 20), Bigs: Ar asecsckes steeaaee ... | Columbia College.......... ae é Keyport, N. IIc

(CERASTODERMA ) craticuloides Con..................+ Mioc. N. J., Pl. 10, Figs. 16=10)..........-.++sss-eeiteveeess 1h, So Niet, NWIBIS; 35 s005e25a5po0000050 Shiloh, N. J.

(CRiocaRDIUM) dumosum Con, ..........:ceeeeeeseees Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Figs. Heddopiel aN J.

an gira tat Gab irer-erceces se ccessssscrerceecaracness ug ‘6 Vol. 1, Pl. 21, Figs. SSIVIE, Niet lensaeeen caret oe enees ll ofa SS eet Burlington, N. J.

(FRAGUM. ) |

tenuistriatum Whitf., type.............:ssceeceeeeceeees Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Figs. Menborous N {

(PRoTOcARDIUM) perelongatum Whitf., type......... 06 *¢ Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Figs. oo nod | nee PATER) T 3

perelongatum Whitf., type..............-sccsecseeeeeeoes oe 66 Vol. 1, Pl. 21, Figs. 4-5. ....cscereeeeeeeeeereees Mullica Hill, N. J.

CARDIOMORPHA. | : "

Missouriensis Swallow..........::sesceseeeceeeeeeeeceees 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 1-2...........- pacers 1U), Se INEM VAISS Guesancendasnosonconn Coal Meas. ......... | White Pine, Nev.

CaRYATIS. a 5

. : : | Shark River, N. J.

BS MYOItl sy LY Croce eneseesspsarnsnciersnss«osasnoesces Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 15-16.......--sessseseeeeeee Mrenton), Ne Jeo eeceecrecer-e=eeee = Eocene... pnanoodcoo c >

veta Whitf., type Bee ates Mic asleceGugborsccwsdiersmaveds us Sia 1, Pl. 28, Figs. 16-19........--...98 Peta ns & & A. MN He. .... Cret. U. M.......... Farmingdale, N. J.

CERCOMYA. : A

peculiaris Conrad, type ............ssseeeceeceeseeeeeeee Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 23, Figs. 24-25. -+sceesecersetteeeeeees A. N.S. Phil Crosswicks, N. J.

CHAMA. : an

congregata Conrad, type........seceseceeeceeeeeeeeeee Mioc. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 9, Figs. 14-18........ teeetecteceeeees U.S. Nat. Mus Sule ore At

CIBora. . P ill, N. J.

Paulitradiata!Gabb, tyPe.....-ss.rsesceeseeesseseeseoes Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 21-22 A. N.S. Phil aoe a Fe

obesa Whitf., type «. «¢ ‘Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 30-31.. oo recholasaNeuls

rostellata Morton .......... WG «¢ -Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 34-30... Trenton, N. J... Burli ngton nh Ip

OPS SM COMLAC evencecszscsecssecssvoncdsvecsdcseseeneees ee “© Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 32-33 A. M. N. Heese eeeeeeeteeteeeeeeees ‘

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata—Condinued.

CLAVAGELLA.

mrmata sMOTtOMvs.wivecscascssasecceececartacemmeeeeeseeeee | Pal. N. J., Vol: 1, Pl: 25, Fig-)24.-ee eee

CONOCARDIUM. |

pulchellum Wi. (& W., type «...c.c.ccceseernecet caren Proc. B. S. .N. Hi, Vol.(8)\p: 290.-2-se-ee eee

CoRBICULA.

EMMOSA A CONTAC, SP..ces: sn.o/svsooinactsaadcmuicnsemaseetne Pal. Ne J., Vol. 1, Pl. 2, Figs. 2-4............28.

Pemacerata Whitf., typ€.........cscccessesesscneeceeess v Pl. 2, Figs. 5—6............+

CORBULA.

erassiplica Gabb|i...s.0...4.sssnessccaseeuarere ene esepcce™ Pal. N. J., Vol. a, Pl. 23, Fig: 30.-p2--eeseeeens

elevatan Conrady .ceeasescsssecsceeeccemetseeetiee see Roe. N. de Pi. 15, Fig. 15...3...:csseeree eee

ae an A ae MTER RA Re OS cadabae OS Figs. 16-10)... -sces-sseeee

HO Miah Meea.s.c.cohosuwele evtuce tesuseeeneruicesmocmeeure Pal N. i Vol. 1, PI. 23, Figs..27-20) 2 -same

ACONeAt CONTAC seo sac cccciestecauoosetennmaceceecocosteee: Mioc. N. J., Pl. Is, Fig. 20.\..5:2/5.0.c0 eee eee

Sabcontracta, Whitf.,~ type.c.2-s.-cccseesssetcene scones is ¢ Figs. Tt-14............000

Bubcompressa Gablin ci scce<senuactenmaassecoemees sees Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl 235 /Bigs) 262e ees

(NERA) nasutoides Whitf., type ..........26 sees es «¢ Pl. 30, Figs. 18-19....--cm.

CoRIMYA.

tenuis Whitf., type........... Wieeiiesiececctcaeitoeeractese Pal. N. J, Vol. 1, Pl. 235 Figsiio>00seeeeeeeams

CRASSITELLA.

enlliay Cros oh ac bgp aanecenromecneaneacankceacnd6s boc onb00bo00000 Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Bigs 9172peeeeeeeene

OMTACIMNNnitt: ity Pee ....< cee meccincerereeeemececlsicl: 6¢ fie Pl. 28), Figs) 1=22..e---4-ene

ie Hien PRE ananeaacodcacocobodsosDudcRdca 86 ot 66 BIg. 2 seciecenssteeee

as se OES E I Haticio. ocuodobobeboade “e ac 6O\ Wigs. 4=5pcce..ceaeen

Gumeata Gab Dretiens.+scessecnactsesnecestecmesaesectias | G6 BG Pl. 17, Figs. §8=20:2.--cee

Welawarensis\ Gabb:........sce-s:e-cetmmerecensseaces | “ ce Pl. 27, Figs.’ 14-15. cose

HitttoxalismConradiss.....2-..-snnecnsce sesseneeesceacetce| te 66 Pl. 28, Wigs. 6—7/20.ceeenes

relma,’ Coyote elec oapesacnonenpananeadacaccobcsdacoaoo=ccnce Mioc: N. J.,-Pl. 8, Figs: i=t3 econ see

Monmouthensis Gabb, type .......:.......ceseeeeeeees Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 17, Kgs. 21-2272ae

GbliquatamWiMith uty Pe. .....5..0..0..sesasainanmecemseaecs Ob ss Pl) 29, Figs 0 Sieee seca

Oh re Ce EE are REET aSaoAGaccoonoaaaaa06 GG oie Pl. 30, Figs. 13-14.........

HHOMBS AMV Che MEY PCa. cessesssecec-s veeacioecencencseees Ge a Pl. 27, Figs. 16=072--o-cees

MMO Seif Siovicie sac ee assess emenneeemases 36 ac 106 Figs. 18-19.......-

SusplanaCOmradsety pe... s....0+c.cee wee sense seeamaect G6 56 Pl. 18, Figs. 14-16..........

subquadrata; Wihitf5 type..............0s0sesssceseereres Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Fig. 12 ..00sccene oe

BUATANSVETSAM GADD MEY PC a ccicsoss +2. o...sseesseeoreeseaees pale Nes; Violstejcil- 17, Figs. 16-17....-c0g8

Stumdula mV Wty PC cnet. 200s 0 eve, oseeceloeseenaseeess | Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 16.....

Val OSA MVlORtOMmcce tes ceciacisebes ce -vccssecniiceineeeeeeiees | Pal. Nt ilies Welt is Jel 17, Figs. 12=15.....-0sae

(ETEA) prora Conrad, type...............ceeseneeeerees | GG Figs. LOLI. ..5:-c8ae

CRIOCARDIUM. |

MULCLEOMUS VNTR ty DO wectee ee oseieloe- on «0 nicis ee smorssieeers | Pal. N.-J., Vol. x, Pl. 28, Figs. 1O=0%.----=3e.

CUCULLEA. |

MMACTOR ON LAM NVA tem VGaetieersccc occ esc esssicerecesees | Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 17.238

CUNEAMYA. |

Vitam Tensiswedew OM WARMLY PD Ceeeie else cals acl vin oee vllesiseees Pal. (ORD; Viol 2, Pl 2, Bigs. 9-10-23.

scapha H. & W. ee ncteateme 66 Fig. 12..sesssesessees

CYMELLA.

Mee kaa VVilhi tipereeeneececetenteseeticcsceiseriieiies sia.isie ces Pal. N. J. Vol. I, Pl. 20, Figs. 6-7 oc sisicic <i aa

CyYPRICARDIA ?

Mimic sWV.. ec Wey De conee mentee ee akan anesa..ntue« Proc. B.S. N. H., Vol. 8, P. 300......-++++++-

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

(156)

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

eereseee

te cccoce

reer cceee

eo eeeece

ee eceees

seen ecee

secre co

se eeeeee

se cceeee

see eeees

wee ee eee

se erccee

| C. A, White Coll

INReN@I, INS I/Sacaoqo0osnG00qp0000d0G.

(Cee Acawihites Colle recscc sess s5-ses-

“Uniesaioral, INTs | sencceconecouoocdonceoas

“e 6

eee meee recente eee scees

AXe Nie So) EM seeogsbobscecussq00050

We Ss NeiG

ACENE SS: Phil sodadecuooddaadoboGoq000 |

eee cece eee eee eecesesee

U.S. Nat.

AS IND S:

‘Inmet, INTIS \ecasceccusbdonssseunende

direntons Ni Jssacsscedessesssioseowses

Columbia Col E Ai aeeretesolianeaenes

PASOMU ING: hear oss ehercitauctice ste simsisls

Rutger’s Cie. sb ebsasacouceacuddess

Wusaton, IN Tel AO ecota dandodsands ce

jane & Columbia College.....

U.S. Nat. Mus, BRR ENS aE AAS aS

INES S)

ae ING aes erie seissetsacees

Sonnet irr

ce “6

eee c ewww ee were ane eene

GColumbiayCollemer ete aac:

Trenton, Ns ji ASN: S: Phill

U.S. Nat.

ames? bla sees snsstaescsccase cs

Mrentony HN ers tees ae

ASN San AED Sa ia atcata Re RS

A. M.N. H

Janaes:Vilial lei ese ene eeh

Wimivsn Califo. ircccese eee

Trenton, N. J

EN Tia Searels tere risers

Greta; Messer

Waverly sesencceeace:

Cret. or HOU

wccc cet eeccce

“ce

| Cret. L.

FLOcene weiss ccssscess

see ees cee wee

OCene sie erence

Walnford, N. J.

| Burlington, Ia.

ae Sayersville, N. J.

Woodbridge, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Slhillels, Neal

Haddonfield, NA

Shiloh, N. J.

| Haddonfield, N.

N."J.

| Atlantic City, N 5 fo

. J.

Shark Rien, IN Th

Upper Freehold, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

| Squankum, N. J.

| New Egypt, N. J.

| Squankum, N. J.

| Monmouth, N. J.

New Egypt & Farmingdale, }

Squankum, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Monmouth, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

| New Egypt, N. J.

Squankum, N. J.

Arneytown, N. J

Cheyenne River, ‘Black Hills.

? New Jersey.

| 6 M. + Claiborne, Ala.

Crete, Whos Wi cooted |

Freehold, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Farmingdale, N. J.

9 M. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

Waynesville, Ohio.

Marlborough, N. J.

Burlington, Ia.

N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. 2

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. (156)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE. | : iN Eae Tae

Lamellibranchiata—Continued. an oT i z

CLAVAGELLA.

BTITA TAM VLOLLON ersten scrctss-crses-+seeunlesocslaceeseea ses Rall Ne Jes) Wolves eb). 725) Bi pees eee eee ane ee “Idreerntioy, INIS Ve coouncceaoscnosebenses | (Geet, 1, IMececcsooe | Walnford, N. J.

CONOCARDIUM. I | |

pulchellum W. & W., type .....sc.sseceseeeeeeeeeeees Proc. BS. IN, Hl, Vol. 8; p) 29g seeaeesseseeeeee eee (Co, ANS Wlnittie, (Clo cnoooopenosaeoonss | WERE Ni osoccosccndes | Burlington, Ia.

CorBICULA. |

EnnOsa) COnLAd, SPreres ccccereneocessesceessrccoesoe shes Pal. N J: Vol. 1, Pl. 2, Figs. 2-4... eeeeeeen eee siren tons Nemilnstnescsecasancssrsesces | Cret. or lower....... | Sayersville, N. J.

Pemacerata Whitf., type..........ceecceseceeeceeeseenee oe Pl. 2, Figs. 5-6...........00005 Reperteier= se COA aiyastne catieaeaae steers “ CN oo | Woodbridge, N. J.

CORBULA. |

BrassiplicanGabbiectesssccseese-eeeeesesectohssssisavstenes Pal. IN: Ji) Vol. 2, Pl. 23, Hig. 30.......csseeeeneee | teens PAVING aS sees. certs. varneteescecue’s | Ciel, TL, Wile cconccooe | Haddonfield, N. J.

uhawatias, (Clo ieate lee oeoodetacsandedoceesooo ss scCASEoDAOBOE woe. N. a PUES; ig. 15) 20a: vecsoncne 01S eee Eee os Sar eet stciectn. cookers | Miocene............. | Shiloh, N. J.

“ “ 66 Bigs. 16=10)...0.0.- 0:05 center nes « Wie So INNS ING a aastecssoneeceececse aS cco ee | oC

Bran] cits W ead cote ee cA sckoc ne sa aioeteicectisea siete a se sciees Pal N. I Voli an, Pl. 235 Bigs: 27—20)...... seer: JN “IN/GESE 253) eRe ae ae | Cret. L. M.......... | Haddonfield, N.'J.

idonea Conrad wihtore, ae ie Pl. 15, Fig. QOS saafeleidie sesteele nc oe ee oe ec ee Bod) fs Samson duu re Messe | Miocene... ......... Atlantic City, N. J.

subcontracta Whitf., type........--sscssssseeeeneeeeeee 66S) SBIGSS GIIRTA eos bs 13. eOR EERE 3 (WSs Nato Must .2icssccsscecsscca | SE ee tcnasias | Shiloh, N. J. :

Subcompressa)lGabl.s-,..c.cesereessocsceeeecsocesesrenee Pal. v. le; Wells To el 235 Migs. 265. sive. sae. AX INI, Sh Last copsaos66s on6ocnn60000 Gis We Wilececcoaces Haddonfield, N. J.

~(NE#RA) nasutoides Whitf., type ............ see Blregoy Migs TS—10)...-seeeeeeheeeeene. TWigatiowa, Io Mosboconpoapeceneaoadncen IBIBENE ooo cercecouces Shark River, N. J.

CorIMyYA. |

PENUISMVVHILE:), LY DOrrarectaescueratveceeceteccenccaicacees Pale Neves Viole dsp bly 2a seticsyio— kes aceeeemeeere TeeaHWeRA, Ws Woonscan.000090000000005" | Grete IL WE snore | Upper Freehold, N. J.

CRASSITELLA. { :

alta Conrad VETG INS Woy Ws 15 TAG 2h), TMF, 7 nono cccimancondo! wanna eee | Trenton, INE Siatotodvensactisacdaenett BOGEN ewnneeeeeeers | Shark River, N. J.

conradi Whitf. type “ “ Bip28) Hicsael=2 eee ee. Columbia Collegess i resansamicceccts Crete pye Mewes | Squankum, N. J.

“ “ ‘ce “ fc WP igty 3 ucarcsen cote AL IMI ING Silas: Act aelossaecersiiseeene ee meee | New Egypt, N. J.

« “ “ &s (ics 4=5 ee IRS Gollee@. scomnoe connmanannace Oe saan. | Squankum, N. J.

cuneata Gabb “ “e Pl. 17, Figs. 18-20 ‘nieatieia, Ilo |fscooancesoonconcencencen 6 Is Monmouth, N. J.

Delawarensis Gabb 6c 66 Pl. 27, Figs. 14-15 Ss as COR aera ttanasredacaeon New Egypt & Farmingdale, N. J.

littoralis Conrad 66 ce Pl5 28) Bigs: \6—7/.0.--.0eseeee Trenton & Culumbia College... Squankum, N. J.

melina Conrad Mioe: IN. Ji, Pl 185) Figs: “WI=03.--.....acae..eeeeeeey Wo Sb INatic IMME, Snore oan aoscebananen i Shiloh, N. J.

Monmouthensis Gabb, type : Pal. N. Ts Vol. it, TPL, 17, Figs. 21-22 PAR ANE Oem hileycsestseecatese coensee iss Salnn(elalere sie Monmouth, N. Je

SlignataaWiniths, ty, pCrcece-encssvacsseorscn-csteesse0 ce o LAL, Po), LENS US ipocisocionnen Trenton, N. J............. ... | Shark River, N. J.

« I EN rset at ss etccecuas ts « «Pl. 30, Figs. 13-14 ahbrcencenbe seers | i #

EHOMMDeA WV Mites LY DE 2.scesctael-ns-/sceosueecie--- 00 renee 06 us Pl. 27, Figs. 16-17 a OG Saoesotnigead oeoee . Up. | New Egypt, N. J.

he ee ais See a ie ee Rm Ee Columbia College Squankum, N. J.

Biisp lanai CONtAd ty PC .en leds. csreoccue-cevaresecdeenae & Gb Pl. 18, Figs. 14-16.......... ....... | Drenton, N. J. & A. N.S. Phil. | Cret. L. M.......... | Armeytown, N. J.

subquadrata Whitf., type.........c.ecceceeeseeeeee ... | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Fig. 12......22....00-+- U. S. Nat. Mus SDEOS OCC E TS APIBEE Cer Cret:. sc.eeenaeeeee Cheyenne River, Black Hills.

transversa Gabb, type .........sscssceseccsccneceesceeess Pal. N. J., Vol. 1., Pl. 17, Figs. 16-17 A.N. S. Phil... eee | Cret. L. M......... | ? New Jersey.

“™tumidula Whitf., EY PO recresatyeslen ores mena sects sen ove Am. Jour. Conch., Volt I, Pl. 27, Fig. 16 James Hall............ see seeeeeee JOLENE cco coorccncs, | 6 M. + Claiborne, Ala.

DET OSAMm VLOULON eee ica sek oaultis sezcsdives Stesdensesees Pal. N. qe Vol. 1 Ely 175) isso =1b see eee. Teesattye, ING Mocorcaoncecsnonscoaonsee Cret. L. M......... | Freehold, N. J.

(ETEA) prora Conrad, type...........cssseeeeesseeeeees «Figs. 1021 ee eee A. N. S. Phil eeee sass sete te ce OS oi Raaee | Crosswicks, N. J.

CRIOCARDIUM. : | :

nucleolus Whitf., type.........ccccesseeesscsecesseseees Pal. N.-J., Vol. 1, Pl. 28, Figs. 10-11 A. M,N. Hon. eeeerceens Cret. Up. M | Farmingdale, N. J.

eC UCULL ZA. “e

puacrodontal Wihith., byp@ler.cecs---cors+e+-eesemereeess Am. Jour. Conch., Vol 1, Pl: 27, Vig. 17sec eeeeeeee ns Janets) 18 ENE pce occececeadeoo cocoon Eocene... .....+++.+ | 9 M. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

CUNEAMYA. f :

Miamiensis H. & W,, type Pal. JON) Veo)’ 2, Pl. 2, Figs: 9-10... :,.... eee Univ. Calif Ae RRSP sd aaieneopdbcG Hud. Riv.......... Waynesville, Ohio.

scapha H. & W., type-.eesersseeseseens 66 Fig. 12... s,s eeeeseeeeseeteereees SOM csi cecectevetaee teres cone ae | eh g

CYMELLA.

BVleelAN ii Cheetetceess ted s2ssectasta sii teexesleceseseteats Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Figs. 6-7.......:sereesseercessees ‘Thigatiown,, ING, Jonnosspocebobooscoaecor Grete Mitre Marlborough, N. J.

CYPRICARDIA ? Pe

eat BANS ORSAY RARE Ec suf cvsz, cree sdovintesaviseesrae> Brocy Bas. Ni El, Vols 8; 2 400) .sesevei eet eemeenemeeeee:- (Co AN, Wiiiti@ (Coll coagaceoneooonpncee Waverly........-...+. Burlington, Ia.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

CYPRICARDINIA.

- 2? cylindrica H. & W., LYPO....--2 2-2 eeeeeeeeeeee ees 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 190; 27th Rept., Pl. 11

inflata ver. subequiv alvi is H. & W., ‘type Seer = Re phe to eee i

CYPRICARDELLA.

TEREST SEU RSE SSE Ee SSE Ene Proc. “B. S. N:.H., Vol. 8, p: 308. anna

CYPRICARDITES. 2

Reape PO CONN ed =| OF WW. | ty PG == <ccnc neue woncnchaaee ns Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5, Fig. 32. ....... [ae

megambonus Whitf., OO Se eee Geol. Wis., Vol. ‘4 Pics: Figs. 9-8. csncoase

COPAY 1s FT eee em Re “ cc 4, Pl-5, Fig, 3a ee

SER TLNG EN sad & EY | ee eee Peet a see RCE es cc 4, PL 5, Big. f2 i

PCMIEETOOSUS | f88 Sa coco av cue sgu a wen see eenenneenen eee BOS < 4, Pl 5, Fis. 9°

CYPRIMERIA. -

densata Conrad, EYPE sess ees eeeeseseseee estes eeeeseeceess Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 22, Figs. 19-25...

UE NRERSA DR | COMERS Nace eo Sa ceee a S = «< Pl. 22, Biss. BE-5see5

esreavata MOran, SPicc<<.<<<..< scan cnenseneucencese eens << ce sc Pl. 22, Figs. 16—-87....

Fei pr AWV MICK |. ‘Ly Pe. <<< .s.ccsceancccesew eccassesan << + ec Pl. 22, Figs. 14-35...

SPISSas CONEAG soca cn sane 5 = csc sc neneseeta een sm eaceunees os = «< HF. 22, fic 2 a.

DIANCHORA.

echimata Maron; Sp... <<. 5.5. gsssnewesnensnssaesoeees Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, Pl. 10, Miss: 2-3 |

S <* BO ikon cdnaetscn eee eee > = <<” Pl. 10, Figs, 6-9... Sa

DICERAS.

Mactyloides WIRE. type... <<. ..cscscccncnsee ee eee Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, -Pl. 28, Figs. 26—27....22

DIONE.

Marylandicas GOnrad. <<<... <<... <ss.cossueceneuneacenees Mioc. N. J., Pl. 13, Fig. 4.....:...-.. 3 =

SAVER OTE ESR a *: < Fi. 22, Nsot.... eee “<

DIPLOSCHISMA.

SHER GES NTT | Aa ee ge we Pal. N. J., Vol. 3, Pl. 4, Figs. 4-8. :

DoNnax. ;

LORE PE] BSS i 2 PS ee Pal. N. a3 fol: 3, Pl. 23, iis soe Ee

TCU RELT PSY Reo SS Mioc. N Sic Pl. 14, Sigs. 19-20... es =

DosINIAa.

SUR RT e OT ISG ee ular tes v. J. Bl a3, Ns. 2. oe:

SORE CRS ST CE Rea re Fal mike Vol. 1, Pl. 18, Figs. 17-20... =

SOS PUNT NH G1 F PLRS es ea eee RE = << <<"), Ace: Figs. 4-5. 55. <3

Torre teen UIT IS fF Se SS RR eee Expl Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs. 21-24......... :

Missouriana Morten. EI pe eR EE << PL all, Figs. 25-26... ccc .

DYSTACTELLA (TELLINOMYA).

Submaswte ka. Who Speen nce essence ccc cncne sweats 27th Rept. St. Cab , Pl. 11, Figs. 16-27...

EDMONDIA. S

Burlingtonensis\W. & W................c 5. pss es ee enn en Proc. B. S. N. H., Vol. Sp) 308......-e

Myrna Ha & Wo ye 2 ee goth Paral Surv., Wol. 4, PL 6, Fi, 19m

ENDOCOSTEA. ‘

uleate RGO]n 9 Sp.....5<sces ~nsen ce ce ces ee ee eneueN een Expl. Bik. Hills, Fi. 30, Fic. 6... ee

typica Whitf., gen. & sp., type....... PAE ENAR SEER SSN “S Pig, Mss rye ~-

EUMICROTIS.

Slag £1] RRS 7 Gee EN Ses SO RR 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 24....5

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE, |

LOCALITY.

eee ee eee eee ee

5-6 | Dr. Knapp

Eni) Dy IN@eys}toossssccccesocaqascrecosasns

AL Wihite. Colle sc. Sesns escent

MOOSE: Collet e cece se eee

Nlranwen Galil ss cues o acs cce sees eeusees

tee

eet fe ke ae eecwecucecceccerccuvocecouves

AC ING os hil:

ee ee

& Trenton, N J.

CoAT MEN. ELS.

Pirentonen Nis [acne scoswscheecsascsccs

ihn IN S21 ai eee eee

PREEHIOONING aliec soca cce-es wee see ose

teens

renee

PACMINGR Sc oheg ON aera Gaul ceniessccsase

felirenton oN aJescciS ccc nsec conses acs

A. N.S. Phil................. 22.

nee

Be eee eee eee eee nent teens

A. N.S Phi

Trenton, aay

ee rr

ee rs

| Cret. L. M

TREK CINE | Pananceocecencesenecceen

Up-silelderbe sc.

EVamiltonss-secesees

Waverly s.2.c:ccces<cs

Clinton

ARrentoniesereaeeen es

“ee

Gretna Meee

Miocene.............:

Gretaricss Mien

Grevoin Mises

Miocene

sees eee eneee

Cret Seecnaceeeasce

[Waverly 2..<-...:55--

WAERIASSIC! ccc. sot ce:

Louisville, Ky.

Near Louisville, Ky.

Burlington, Ia.

Wilmington, Ohio.

Beloit, Wis.

Burlington & Holmdel, ee

Haddenceld & rechold INSRIE

Freehold, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

New Jersey.

Freehold & and Holmdel, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

Up. Freehold, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

g New Jersey.

Up. Freehold, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

Belle Fourche River, Black Hills.

Cheyenne River, Beaver Creek, B. H.

Near Louisville, Ky.

Burlington, Ia.

Pah-Ute Mts., Neb.

Beaver Creek, Black Hills.

Old Woman’s Fork of Cheyenne.

Uinta Mts., Utah.

WHITFIELD :

LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

CYPRICARDINIA.

@yylbvahakors 1als (82 WiNion (fel socesopncesnoseeavedaeduudoe5

inflata vay. subequivalvis H. & W.,

CYPRICARDELLA.

ciiadira tale VWig Oe Ww ccviccacastaniiessntreecsiesssnesscense

CYPRICARDITES.

ferrugineum H. & W.,

megambonus Whitf., Gi

TINO T AMA alll aetemeena ceacttoestaiece se caesauee ves meni een sees

ventricosus ‘‘

CYPRIMERIA.

densata Conrad, type Bs desed pone sn Ont HOD aBCUOUEEG EE OBEG AC

depressa ‘‘

excavate MOLtONsiSDisysnesemesteiasiechese ess hire siacme

Heilprini Whitf., type.............00.0..00. 009eGs3S06

SPISSALCONVAG yaweccsccee © siicwtsvavscetensiesbsecinconceee

DIANCHORA.

echinata stories, §JOl sano ononoe ound GonnouboancuGnobEuDoOnOO

GG 6c

DICERAS.

dactyloides Whitf.,

DIONE.

MN eraylamdicas Conta emceavetacescesesseseecactcrecss ssc

Aly Atlan CONTA deer octacieasiassiserw eens duscivonsslersoe

DIPLOSCHISMA.

cretacea Conrad

Donax.

HOA Um Meaty PEsmesislee'es els -lesieesolsinios'e'jo telse-ieeea sesh elev

WEHTIETONILIS) (S25 song soboGsosen95q508nR056e0 550 DDO UDREACBOO00

Dosinia.

ACerAD UNNI CONTA wes, senntnaeeseceecee esses Soman

euaaligt Venting (9 oleseososoac5030nNe“coneseomnnenneo cece

(GAD DIVA Thfey LY POs ancssecasescstosste-aeesercecasuisn

[tienen WEE 91819012 sspncoonondanscooooguneenodesendeso

iiss Opriariay WontOnees- eee sieec esse rena. saceeceee nace.

DYSTACTELLA (TELLINOMYA).

subnasuta H. & W.,

EDMONDIA.

Burlingtonensis W. & W............:ccccseeeneeeeeeeeee

Myrina H. & W., type

ENDOCOSTEA,

sulcata Roem

5) S]biesonsecsnnononon9soMnosonpacen}cdo6a 400

EUMICROTIS.

Glinta lal SY: SP iy sentences ncsvaecascssteredeescack nacwave

IW7OEliny ooSodstiddooqnoobonSkdSAnoppod

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 190; 27th Rept., Pl. 11, Figs. 5-6

66 Gis p. 189; ‘“ se Pl. 11, Figs. 2-4 |

Proc. Bis. IN.) Hl; Viol. 8; p. 300:-22.2- ss eeeeeeeeee ee

Ral Ohios) Voll 25, Pll 5, Migs Ui. ...:..ccssseeen er eeeennneeeee

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Figs. 7-8

6G 68 OG Ais Lely iS eA el aascodace

(75 6c cc 4, Pl. 55 Fig.

ce 66 3 4, Pl. 5, Fig.

Pal Nes, Vola te) Pls22)Kigs, LO=21)....c.coneeceeeeens.

“ OG Pl S22; Rigs. WI=13:...ccateereeertee.

Sh 06 (7 Ple225 Bigs, lO=17.....c0cdeaameeers.

6 Ee 6 PIS 22) Wigs a WAU 5 once cce eeeeeneen

U6 GG 6 Plc 225 SRG rl Otiwenw ucts ceeeeeeeereer es

| IPA ING Wop WOls ty J, Wo, TE 5 on ccocme onc once

“ OG sc PL. 10, Figs. G=9eteescaeeeeeeeeeee es:

Pal. IN. Y., Vol: 1, Pl. 18) Pigs. 26=27.0.., ssseemepeneeers

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 13, Fig. 1

GG 66 PN, 12; Fig. Ds. dec coves cance vee s cee eee

Rall N. Ji; Vol. 1, Bl 4) Bigs: 48h .cssrd:-+eeas eee

Pal. N. J, Vols 1; Pl. 235. Fige, Dic. .iee-cecsncneneeceeeeeen. |

IMIDE INE fag JEG RZ, TENSE, MO AL0), acnoanaronencannonnse you oa0e0

Mio: Nu Ji; Pl £3) Fig: 2: .s1.:.40- ccleaner |

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 18, Figs. 17-20

NGF eG OG HIG a5 Wifes ye aqansooane iapeteneertesye ss

Begjeil Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs. 21-24

fe Plait, Figs. 25-26.....

27th Rept. St. Cab , Pl. 11, Figs. 16-17..........00ssss0e0e

Proc. B. S. N. H., Vol. 8, p

Expl. Bike, Hills; Pl toy Big. (62.0... enc. oer. eee

cs Pl. 9, Figs 1-7

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 24....-...:.200.......

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Locatiry.

Dr. Knapp Up. Helderb........

6c 6 GG

Gietl s saeiteaoncers

Dri Knapps .cocssaestesseeeeemeneeees Up. Helderb........

PACU IGwIN: Eli... 20 oncueemuenetetemscn Wiavietliyirarssccesctees

ce [6 scideeet eet ieneeeemenies PRTIASSIG:....-0e-sseess

(Atareacnonosns0ce

4Xe Wit. INT “181 sasenbododootoonssenvice Jurassic.. ............

| Louisville, Ky.

Near Louisville, Ky.

Burlington, Ia.

Wilmington, Ohio.

| Beloit, Wis.

6c 66

“ec ‘ce

6 6c

Burlington & Holmdel, ee:

| Haddonfield & oka, calle

WDD ERMA Patni weis stersces ceceeassiews jp ediamil tone epeecmert rs |

Cy Ay \ililaiie: Colle ascosccnnoncbooe. | | ENE PUL ee aete

Ol oys fen Collerentacn cases te seesaw < | liar ecaccccaninod

WWirtivn GC all fee ce we cc sce cs snetenecks | Trenton Naeaecseetass

ce ce “cc

A. N. S. Phil. & Trenton, N J. | Cret. L. M

i G GG &A MN. 4H... | Cra

GP@oti@var; ING IneesocepecoasocceoCobare COR RES Acie

iACaING HOVER DTIO enc ccucsctasseects valle» | OCR al Pomme seed

|) Abeer, INS \oesccsnesoceocesq0s00n. | Sloe ah ree eracns

ARUN SieePhil nee a wedt ens Cremplp ieee,

TDA, INI. Yacacasecone-sosncecccoce OR Pesce

ANSTO}, IN | opseScoccobagosoceoso0n. (Cie Ws WM recrecoocn

PAINE, (5 ses BHD) ioe. Sestag esoneeaet saeee Miocene yeryeeneeee se

JE NAWTAES (OYENEToce jonoononerenoonrne6 GG

Dr. Bruere, Freehold................ Cretan, Maeeeneses

An NS SEoPIIING ease Goncect coect ox (Gist Wy Mls cosecnaes

EStal 6 oman Oumatanceceaaentecene sities © Miocene mecpereeeees

Freehold, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

New Jersey.

| Freehold & and Holmdel, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

Up. Freehold, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

ip New Jersey.

Up. Freehold, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

Belle Fourche River, Black Hills.

Cheyenne River, Beaver Creek, B. H.

Near Louisville, Ky.

Burlington, Ia.

Pah-Ute Mts., Neb.

Beaver Creek, Black Hills.

Old Woman’s Fork of Cheyenne.

Uinta Mts., Utah.

WHITFIELD: LIS sor

HOSSHES:

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

EXoGyYRA.

costata Say

FULVIA.

tenuis Whitf., type

GASTROCH ENA.

Americana Gabb

GERVILLIA.

CeCe eee cc cece ce ccrcceeces seccvcceeccssscccccces

Commer erecesscccccccc ccc ccs ccccccccccce

S\n 010.0 0.vle wc.e alec cle cc.ec.ccceccieeveciviccecseecic

wisisit7e}e)s}a\s\e\e{ela\s\e/e\eie)n\elele;s/eis\e.elofelalejejelafejaisieleietelelatelelsiavele

Cee reece rec esnccesvecccccceuccscece

GERVILLIOPSIS,

ensiformis Con,

BOO 4S slap 10 7 ol Sanessodaduduoosonehosbbe

6e ee 66

Cece ee esorcecesesesccene

ce oe ce ce

mA Witt ocean

GNATHODON.

tenuidens Whitf., type

GONIOPHORA.

dubia Halls, sp

GOULDIA.

VERO OOOO OOOO COO OOO OCIDCIOOT

CO meee ec cce cece nccceccccccceeccccce

Sin\e\0)a/e 0/00: ele\e a 0:s)0\0 0 5.0\0\0\010\0,se/elelsjalslelelajeveleleicteraints

0.004 a0 0 s\0 ele.ejcieleieiviejelalele\slel-lololalelevcjateieiete

Teme e ee eee e nce ee neces crssene

S278) ele|©-0/0\a/a\e 8/0 :0)e/e\n:e:e\eleleleralelelavataya)sleleialslcicielevels

GRAMMATODON.

inornata M. & H

GRAMMYSIA.

bisulcata Conrad

GRYPHAA,

Bryani Gabb., type...........

Bryani var. precedens W

calceola var. Nebrascensis M. & H

“e oe ee

SEn10}2/9\0\0\0 je m/p)8\0: 0:6) 6 eie\vlelalejejalataleinlelelalelststaisisintere

POC NNN ei

WGSICLIEITS) UA noc ics et e

ce ce

J O00SCSO53 C5 ODE E Eee REREME EE cc. cc0

s J (009060053900 cia CHEE Ea EEREEEEER 555565

: p79 00E AEC o: iS ROsceEEEEERRER 5:

YO ODOC ORO COUC OO CUCU O OME ODOHOACSGacc.. ||

vomer Morton

IDONFARCA.

EREQOOO COD OOO OD COCO SO ODO CO UOUE OTOH TE Serr Essa.

Tippana Conrad

vulgaris Morton

INOCERAMUS.

altus M. &H

ewe noieiej@is\©Leiegslelelejelejeielalelaiaie|sieis\e.vjeleleleje/e\eieis ase oe

S sp

clweialeicviccieceemesccecncecececicocncuccecesace

hitt., type--:..cn eee

| Pal. N.-J:;Vol:. 1, Pl. 6, Figs. 1-2

| Pal. N-|-5: Vol. 2, P1220; Rion Sa

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 26, Figs. 17-18..........

| Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl..4, Piss) 33.0

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 142, Pl. 2, Fig. 8...

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 15, Figs-8210) aaa

URE NMUMERE CI seis

| GG 36 6c 36, Pig seh

3G Ge 8895, ig. 7 Sete

| Bal N.- =, Vol. 1, Pl. 2, Bigs) 7=o..

N. Y..Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs, 24-26

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Plar8) Bisse 3 ea

ai ug ee ui Figs (renee. SS eee

ies OG GG eC Figs 5 el ete

Wesasunce «6 “ “¢ Figs. 121g)

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs..16—18........2-.ae

N. Y. Acad. Sci.; Vol. 5, Pl ort,.hica ion eam

| Ral: N: J., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Bigss6—oe

«6 GG ‘6 —26, Bigs: 7=S2seeen ae

Expl. Blk. Hills, Plo 3, Kigs:13=16.e

4oth Parall Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 11....5..2

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 142, Pl. 2, Figs. 9-1¢

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 3, Figs. 15-16...) aan

i a SSE ASE I—3 2-0: 2000e

Bh se 608 55, OS Sa oe :

66 CG GE GGA, | GC Q-10 2.000320: cee

cc 6¢ 6 86 20, {oS

GG BG 6 8626. SO ST a,

Pl. 13,)Higs, 6-11...

Pal3Ne Ws, Vole 1,

ce ee ce

«626, 8° T5—16..:..

6 dG ss 66 26, §© 5-6. .5.e ee

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 8-10.22)... eee

| Pal. N. J., Vol. a, Pl: 12, Figs. 19-213

“6 ce LLU ie POR Sere

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 9, Fig: 9¢)2s.2.--eeeeee

OC: 9G LAI (EACLE EY [BONG csc leo

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

WHERE LOCATED.

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

sees

see

fmiirenmftone Nit |loicsccseusescuecsopsces

% | Trenton and Rutgers:.........--.--- |

| A. N.S. Phil

rece

Trenton and Rutgers College....

oe oe oe ee

Peewee weet eee access eecesees

Trenton or Rutgers

oe 66 oe

pirentombe Neal pcctcchccseaccestre ene:

(Wiatweme Calitftatencecasstienccesnctensen:

AX. ING So Iauil

ce ce oe

SO ii i i

Pewee erence eeeccserens

ce ce

Jao SI (ECFA os Rieke eas Goosen a

Bee eee eee ere ees esses cses

Trenton and A.

ce ce

e ce

OO ini

sero cece esses scccesesce

U. S. Nat. Mus

oe ‘

eco cet wen e see ecessece

[i Gre tails ss Mirae crane

Greene iar

Cremona ee

| Jurassic

liam toniseeesseeeee

Gets Wyo Me soosccon

pu @retanVitw Mere

sUraSSI Co eseeeeeeee se

Dt eee cceeercce

ster t ecccsceee

Eocene

Cret

eee cee e es erccsccee

wees tees esses secs

wee eccccccscececce

Vs —

Marlborough, N. J.

| Holmdel, N. J.

Timber Creek, N. J.

Sundance Hill, Blk. Hills.

Bridger Mts., Montana.

Woodbury, N. J.

_ Tippah Co., Miss.

| Woodbury, N. J.

| Freehold, N. J.

Woodbridge, N. J.

| Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie.

Haddonfield, N. J.

ee ce

a aa

| Marlborough, N. J.

| Black Hills.

| Sciota, Ohio.

| Vincentown, N. J.

New Egypt, N. J.

| Wind River Mts.

| Uinta Mts., Utah.

Bridger Mts., Mont.

Marlborough, N. J.

| Timber Creek, N. J.

| Shark River, N. J.

| ‘Timber Creek, N. J.

| Holmdel, eevee

| Trenton Falls, N. J.

| Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

| Holmdel and Prairie Bluff, N. J.

. | Holmdel and Freehold, N. J.

Belle Fourche Riv., B. H.

| Beaver Creek, B. H.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS,

WHERE PUBLISHED.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. |

Lamellibranchiata—Continued.

EXOGYRA.

COStAL ARSE Memataretiges senceseas vs steed, Saubimanawaieeeen es | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 6, Figs. 1-2

FULVIA.

CREM It emmy De keseevenserseee Ureorses rectecece esters

GASTROCHANA. |

PAumeri Gan als Gableersnieeeerceseecececectinccuerecsrecere | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 26, Figs. 17-18

GERVILLIA.

REO, WIEBE concent eacto eae baeasosdec eee pauaebee er eek eee Cee | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 4, Fig. 3

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 142, Pl. 2, Fig. 8

GERVILLIOPSIS.

ensiformis Con. sp., gen., typ@...........eeeeeeeeeeees | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl.

a3 ce ce ee ce ce ce iad

“ce ce

minima Whitf., type

GNATHODON.

tenuidens Whitf., type

GONIOPHORA.

Kulaiaphlall susp wena nere eee | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 24-26

GouLpIA.

GRAMMATODON.

inornata M. & H

GRAMMYSIA.

bisulcata Conrad

GRYPHAA.

oe oe ee

planoconvexa Whitf.

Mesicilarisplsam\sers sects...)

u Pelee clomesnssemansvelrsssessneressuneeneet7

8 de Tit ttteeteneeeeenes

is be TTT ttateeeeeeeenee

- de TET Tintaseeneeaees

vomer Morton Pe er ae,

IDONFARCA.

antrosa Morton, sp

INOCERAMUs.

altus M. &H.........

Barabini Morton

| Trenton, N. J

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 20, Fig. 8

Trenton, N. J

GG GG GGI UG

Trenton and Rutgers

A. N.S. Phil

Trenton or Rutgers

de oooouboodousEConadondDenESArEsteS Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl.

}. | Univ. Calif.

| A. N.S. Phil

3 “ec

308009N6cioeqL conoboodnoHsaaSdADoEDE | Pal. N. 1.18) Wigs. 153... .csusseeees --teeeeeee

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 19.......00esc0e---

I, Pl. 27, Figs. 6-9

“26, Figs. 7-8

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 3, Figs. 13-16

4oth Parall Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 11

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 142, PI. 2, Figs.

I, Pl. 3, Figs. 15-16

(75 oe

TERI IN Toy WOE 1, VL pf VES, C=O) orerrcancannne- sn ecncone

é ee

eee eet tesa eee eneeneee

Trenton, N. J

oe = ce

A.M. N. H

PEEP enchign occcoctd Trenton, N. J

ce ce

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 8

I, Pl. 12, Figs. 19-21....

Pal. N. J., Vol.

ce 6e

eee cect enecessnsoeesepeceaacencs

Expl. BJk. Hills,

66 WG 6e

WHERE LOCATED.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

GEOLOGICAL AGE. |

LOCALITY.

. | Trenton and Rutgers College... |

6c ““

MrentoneNs \eceecscreesssvierces

ce 73

ese eee ccccns esses

Marlborough, N. J.

| Holmdel, N. J.

(Ciel, Wil Ml ccacenone | Timber Creek, N. J.

| Sundance Hill, Blk. Hills.

Bridger Mts., Montana.

Woodbury, N. J.

Tippah Co., Miss.

Woodbury, N. J

| Freehold, N. J.

| Woodbridge, N. J.

| Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie.

| Haddonfield, N. J.

iG “ec

| Marlborough, N. J.

Black Hills.

| Sciota, Ohio.

Vincentown, N. J.

New Egypt, N. J.

Wind River Mts.

Uinta Mts., Utah.

Bridger Mts., Mont.

Marlborough, N. J.

“ce oe

Timber Creek, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Timber Creek, N. J.

Holmdel, etc., N. J.

Trenton Falls, N. J.

ee “e ce

Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

Holmdel and Prairie Bluff, N. J.

Holmdel and Freehold, N. J-

Belle Fourche Riv., B. H.

Beaver Creek, B. H.

OA A, rh Ds,

ann

ark

Aono

SONU

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata—( ontinued.

INOCERAMUS— Continued.

Baralbimim Mortoniisesee sen cdesoeseeeeccoiosessece eeecs Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 9;-Fig. 85..0-2....7-.- sae

ue SHER ean ctmanronctndcpanceuancosncaaeone PalsN. J., Vol. 1, Pls, Bigs 3=5.ccss.---aeaeee

iTalent bi 1a | so(sse th arenes eppceocanucunoBonbauboooocdodsduddens Expl. Blk. Hills. Pl. 9, Fig? TOce0 tees. .-- eee

MMU tiled tus Tel SCH Wien mepiasesieise es sectssecaacsetesesse a6 66 66) 866 NG Se 12 1a eeeeene ee eee

perovalis; Conrad: \typerncsecssestesessnmescesaseercece Pal. N. J., Vol. 2,, Pl. 15, Mig: (OS eaeeessaneeee

perplexus Whitf., type..........s.cesseceseeeeeeeereereese Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 10, Figs’ 4-50) eemseeereeeme

problematicus Schlotec i. 0e.. sc cccccssccieeseensesinere asian GBH iG Gk Pl. 7, Fig.) Ws22 soca see eee

perobliquus Whitf., type.......sceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeteees | eel N. de Vol. 1,, Plict4, Pig. 7/pssceee eee eeeee

Sagensis Cre adda dane seit cle sciuetetetentensaaainnata nse Mees (6s Plas, igi 2aeeeecses eee

OG oP EC aN aan tial ea Naa recto aas cepa eeaeaG seit ce ab 66 o Pl. 14, Figs Sica eee

cc) vars quadranseWihiths, type sessss-secieascese 6c GG 6c Pl: 14; Wigs VO:ee eae cee

KS var. N anuxemt ll UOMEeY. bn. decqsese-ne meets Cees es 6 - Pl. 55 Big. Iie eee eee

SATeDSISN OWE eescontssestiscteestecscter ce ecee cee see Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 7, Fig. 12. ..)39:c0se- eee

SimpsontiMeceleteaseasonseresncnce-dese scence sees tiis=> see tei “ce fe Pl. 8, Bigs icc. steetees eee

Sub laevi Si Fas co MIB msn aac mc caninsiceneccbninsconcenececises GG 1 GG se Pl. 10, Figs. 1=202e.cs see eee eee

Wamuxeriis Mes Gculelsaaaswnctn ny scrcnissncancens eeemecitsise 56, GG cc Pl. 7, Figs. 8-10.s25. sesso eee

TISOCARDIA.

@onradi|Gabbiitypenwcescsceccssriscesmseecmser-laces Pal: N. J.;-Vol. 3, Pl. 26, Figs..3-40iese-0-eaee

LeEDA.

BarnisipWietec Wigay yp emesis misissisiiaieiis sis sasisa’leretnaieainlae Proc. .B. S: Ni Hi, Volk 8; pyi208ssseeeene-e eee

LEGUMEN.

appressum Conrad. oo ncuccccscesers te vascsesenecee eres Pal. N. J. Vel. 1, Pl. 25, Figs. 6-8-2... sese-eeeee

ellipticum Cea ease ING Mais hieae sake Srvesa'siss cust nesciaws slejmssee | G6 Pl. 255: Fig. 5.0.2 dec see. seeeee

planulatumm 66 se sccwcecsecerasss-+oscsecennecesiscerancces 6 fe ce Pl. 25, Figs.) 3=4eeesses-- eee

LEIOPISTHA.

iMiataw WV Ini ths Mey pe smemstecicssscessess\e+>scceieeisemee se Pal. N. 5A Vol. 1, Pl 20, Figs. 4=5...-..----eeene

protexta Conrad cosas sc tulareuane “6 ‘ec Pl. 20, Figs. 1=3.5. 2.0. eee

(CyMELLA) Meeki Whitf., type............0...seee0 Expl. Bik. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 27-28... .0.oceneee

LEPTOSOLEN.

biplicata Conrad........ Pernned tchicehvetinssacemneceee Pal. N. J-, Vol.-t, Pl. 25, Figs..1—2:22-02- =a

Lima ( PLAGIOSTOMA )

occidentalismEL. see (WieenbyPCsccssccre access srecessesee 4oth Parall: Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 23... sees

LIMOPTERA.

cancellata var. occidentalis eee Wty Pesos. conse 24th Rept. St. Cab, p. 199; 27th Rept., Pl. 11, Fig

LINEARIA.

contracta Whitf., type. .........ccceceecseecsereeeeeeeeeee Ral. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl223) Bigs 5 cece ss-eeeee

Metasthiata | Comrades. .o- ceseeee messes eeletene sel Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 23, Figs.6=8220.-.. esse

LITHODOMUS.

affinis Gabby, typescs-c.-on-cceeenseecetenesemceectssac: Pal. N. J., Vo'. 1, Pl. 17, Figs. 2-3.-.... cau

neglectus McChesney, SPp........cseceeeececeeseeeee reece Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 18, Figs. 3-4...........0+- :

Ripleyana Gabb, type ...........:sceceeeseeeeeeeeeece ees Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Ploo07, Figs. 4=5-.-2cs-s-ceeeene

undulatus Wihitf. , type.eea-cncc-cccsmoceweenessieccaenss Geol. Wis., Vol. A Pl. 18, Wigs. 1=25.--oss ssa

Subalveatus) Conrad: oiaccenscascsseccseseceineteecescces Mioc. N. ite PY 55 Wg. 9.5.5. oo cnc. conte ee eee

LUCINA.

ACClIVIS | COM iasccccsceosecceessereas se seeeermeeresseeree | Moc. N. J., Pl. 10, Figs. 5-6:.........2---s-.:seeea

Gremurl ata OC eee eer we ciaeelictonst te ctene eiciatenisloeeetaetseits GG Pl. 10, Bigs. 7=15..---------2--0eeame

crefaceall Conrad sencc.eseceetenseeseeee es cseeeeterecaee | Pal. N. Ji, 9Violax Pl. 18, Figs. 23-25....-- csc

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

LOcALITY.

WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE, |

| (WES ae Nate Miuscits tes accccosiocnes Grethceencen ae

Sees ANG ters ce aM NG EL See eecna on) Czetay Ie Mavis. |

Brann ee See Neate Vinh aaccn mares aoe enn be One baxteanime nl gemna eeeie |

ae PENTA Pil ets oe an sik ees Mise ata

WES ah, Us Ge ON eies INES, Sop Snsdedbonasoeedone) | CS cosueaccoccenenaee

MM trenton, No Jose cess. | Cret. L. Mo,

Beh sd faGolumbrai@ollegeaaresseeneceecesr CSU eden eeeaaen

iRrentormy NA eMemeea i eemc oe senses: CECB eet) yen

Abe LN aN SisS eta Steen gee Ba en SE Sealer taiterers nts sn ett

Bbeeas | Collermora COMEEEs5 cossccsaodsdco0ce SKS Plume inatieccosaseieewats

aohtets (We Sea tte Miistecteeceas ere mewn Crete ie cite scien

eee eee Gs GG 80 ee ey | uC ee

ari PAGING Ss abril een eNree ul Crete MME, pan

ea Nea Mina Eteive ates cca wanes nein hl WWeverlye ncrse cet

eee Ava Nig Set ea heanes eet tae nee reel Crete a, Miucek nn

ae BG INGE INE TICS ee es area ae Oy coe

Wee. Pliceratombse) New) ceeematis eecccmn soee acca try oe acy MIRC rae ee |

War siyentOnw a see ee nc anee eee eral Cre tllugu Ning. ence

RM ROR S Nat Maso eC Gretiay |

a piremtounNey Jie Mere auneense ce sal kOnets ly Mie (reas

Re WES Nata MUshomes eee teense URAS Contac. sa |

Marcel Prof; James Halle. e000). Up. Helberb........ |

he see Brenton Ny ieencses eer ene terete. Lee oat

PrentonyeNa iieasessema eee cee Cretwile wien

ita AX, INS Sy elon Besa se Beasacnosacs oases ill a Ge tel emn Ded [aeeneetunien

Reel, WWwismotate Collin. ser nascent. | Niagaraisaaccseewe yy,

ce aaa AN. INVo Se Leda eee RMN Gein ads alla Ora) tal DANY [iyaeeeu tame

WisepStates Collis. Wenie eae: INTEVEEIE) coodéanoudosce

jane i NeSNeg S aileliteseia. a coetase meee’ ll MAOCeNe. cause.

‘ieee Wisp Nate Musi eeen oul Mi@cene: hte...

MOG) TrentontN oe ret

| i

Beaver Creek, B. H.

Holmdel & Marlboro, N. J.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

Cheyenne River, B. H.

Delaware.

Belle Fourche River, B. H.

Beaver Creek, B. H.

Holmdel, N. J.

ae Keyport, N. J.

| Holmdel, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

| Keyport, N. J.

Sage Creek, B. H.

Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

Cheyenne Forks, B. H.

es River, B: Ht.

Timber Creek, N. J.

| Burlington, Ia.

Haddonfield, N. J.

| Tippah, Miss.

| Freehold & Marlboro, N. J.

Piclinele, N. J.

Dead Man’s Rapids, Up. Missouri.

Marlboro, N. J.

Uinta Mts., Utah.

Falls of the Ohio.

Holmdel, N. J.

Holmdel & Haddonfield, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

Wauwatosa, Wis.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Wauwatosa, Wis.

Shiloh, N. J.

Jericho, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

Lamellibranchiata—( ontinued.

INocERAMUS—Continued.

Barabini Morton

ce cc

fragilis H. & Mu... ...cecceeccneee nese eee esceeeeeeseeees

multilineatus H. & W........0e:scceessseeeeeeeeees eee ees

perovalis Conrad, type........-seeeeeeeeeeesseeeeneeeeeee

perplexus Whitf., type.........-.0---seeeeesseeeeeeeeeeee

problematicus SSA Ee ely ee aoe eae De

perobliquus Whitf., type..........ssseeeeeseceeeseeees

Sagensis Owen sbopecddanossvoqcosocosannododanqoncGq000%00

“ee

var. quadrans Whitf., type....

var. Vanuxemi Tuomey............:2sseeeee

SHBOASIS, OSEAN aso 0nnd0o00no0neoq.anooeooU9qD9nH00000R5000

BOLTS ODM Kireeeela meson za caaterereescelsemseseenease es

GubleeviSnble CM avcwcseonresnerscne

\Wearmanbagin’ We (82 18 b pasa nosqnanpoopsot sag soUcbosc0beood

ISOCARDIA.

onradi Gabbyityperarcsecscesseeneeesn sree ersr ere ers ss

LEpa.

Barrisi W. & W., type

LEGUMEN.

HP PLESsMil CONTAC wyaenssessiessectme rerctecresas+-meses

cllibgeyaenie, OO pscAgadosonnescdnsoateDs0ebug BbcaCBBUEbecs

planulatum

LEIOPISTHA.

MIME ALN VIET ys ILY D Creede srencesessnerassreossecssneasscas

protexta Conrad | Ro vObobS IO BbOdOH NGOS SrIDACE BOC O ADO NEAOGIGgG

(CyMELLA) Meeki Whitf., type............0....000+

LEPTOSOLEN.

biplicata Conrad........ | sO Se DO OTOOBSCCURC EOI aORACROsEN

LiMA (PLAGIOSTOMA)

occidentalis H. & W., type.........s.ccssecseeeeeseees

LIMOPTERA.

cancellata var. occidentalis H. & W.,

LINEARIA.

ontractapwiMitiay bY Perecesccsesseers-ccrsesrs ce aooeHea

mietastiiata’ (CONTAC Ns ..c.ss+.scecsescers+-scss00 Senses

LiITHODOMUs.

BEAN ISAGAD DM LY Crees. ncscssekescssccesesselcsessiasenee

neglectus McChesney, sp 86

Ripleyana Gabb, type

undulatus Whitf., type

“ec

Biibalveatits Conrad ix. ...0.-steoceccacnssseseveecstecseres

Lucina.

PICCIIVISH@OM Wire foseracardcesessweatbeccoest ce ouerentecceet

Expl Blk. Hulls; Pl. 9, Hig. Sivscsnesssessssseeeee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 15, Figs. 3-5

Expl Bike Gills! Pig), Bigs lOstscen ssieeeee eee eee eee eeee oh

oC (ee *G gs Wigs! 12-13. ...5.as eee pe lee renee =00

Pali IN: J, Vole i, Pl. 15, Fig: 6: ...:.....0tteeeeeeeeneeee

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 10, Figs. 4-5

G3" 0G sc B75 Bigs Ul ies. ov saccccese sees

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 14, Fig. 17

ee GB Ce OR ATS 5) LiGs 22. aeacsescerkate

Gh a6 cc Pl. 14, Fig. 15

OG 6G Cs PRET hoe TOs 8.) 0c a.. eee Seis: ses

Gras 0 EO eaTiS MMi St ilies oaiaiso'e aie aaeen

Targolly IEMs, JERVIS, 1G 7/5 IMSS F125 coosansapeenanoece:

G5 G6 open el (betes al auteaeen Onpenacctaer eerie

GG gee «Pl. 10, Figs. 1-2 oorede

GG 66 Phy, Bigs: S10. once scenes cin «

Pals Ne Jes Vol: 0, Pl 26) iigs:93 An pene ee eee eee ee meee te

Proce BS) NH. Vole 8) 1p)-208i.c. esses eee eee

Bal: MB Jo Val. 1, Pl. 25, Higs. 6=8...:.....:c:eeeeeeeeeeeeee

Pl. 255 Fig. 5 .ccc0.icstnes-coeseee eee eeeeeerte

c OG 66 Pl. 25, Pigs. 3-4ics.c.:-seceeeeeeemeneere

PallyN. J:5 Vol. 1, Pl 20; Wigs. 4=5....:-.---1aeeeamenmer

Gis Gi t¢ Pl. 20; Figs. 1—3)....cs..-semeeeeeeeeess

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 27-28

Palo NJ. Vol. t, Pl. 25, Figs, 1=2.........-ssesmmeseeasees

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 23...-....0-:0sesss0e+s

24th Rept. St. Cab, p. 199; 27th Rept., Pl. 12, Figs. 12-15.

Pal, N: J, Vol. 1, Ell 23, Hig) See eee ee.

Pale Na Je5 Vols 0, El, 235) Bigs O>Ouy tern eeemmrmeeey eemEeea =

Pale No J:, Voll x, Ble 07, Bigs: 2—9 0... << -ccenmereeeneemeeier

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 18, Figs. 3-4.........cseeeerteseeneees

Pally Ne j:, Vol. & Ble 17, Bigs. 4=5...0.--scsmaestesttesammeeneT

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 18, Figs. 1-2 :

Mioes ING Jey BE gy Hig Qin...6. once nnatespenss teeeameaneeteesene

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 10, Figs. 5=6:......:.0--->cssvedsaaledenecesess

«Pl. 10, Figs. 7-15

Pal. N, J., Vol. 1, Pl. 18, Figs. 23-25....--sesesesssseeeeeees

(WitSiNats MUSin. dstciecseaeessctens

Rutgers & A. M. N. H......... 5

U. S.

“c

6c ce

Teen, IN pal eairesecccs ce eheacearee

Columbia Collegetrarcececsancostees

AUREETO TEINS eaacogocensosenectacnoee

ACS INI Sar bint te. dvckiisedteaccenssenes

GG ce 6c

Trenton

“c

“Brentonse Ny Winvevesceussuacsevecvect:

LW fShs, Neti AE 08 soca cenconecc06es

Profes antes cla) lPeaepeeeeeee menace

‘Trenton; Ni. Jie cececseeeeateceees

direntony, IN) toed eseteneseseeetess

We SaiNatey Mis sc s.ecsseeecasscemcen

‘ec

Trenton, N. J

Ne IMIRIS Seah se cet eaneiiaatees

GEOLOG

ICAL

AGE, |

LOcALITy.

Niagara

Miocene.........s..00

ee teeeenneeene

| Beaver Creek, B. H.

| Holmdel & Marlboro, N. J.

| Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

Cheyenne River, B. H.

| Delaware.

| Belle Fourche River, B. H.

Beaver Creek, B. H.

Holmdel, N. J.

Keyport, N. J.

| Holmdel, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

| Keyport, N, IE

Sage Creek, B. H.

| Old Woman's Fork, B.

Cheyenne Forks, B. H

ob River, B. H.

Timber Creek, N. J.

| Burlington, Ia.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Tippah, Miss.

Freehold & Marlboro, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Dead Man’s Rapids, Up. Missouri.

Marlboro, N. J.

Uinta Mts., Utah.

Falls of the Ohio.

Holmdel, N. J.

Holmdel & Haddonfield, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

Wauwatosa, Wis.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Wauwatosa, Wis.

Shiloh, N. J.

Jericho, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued. “Sse

LucinA— Continued.

Rae, WEh cc | ERE Ble TERS Ee

trisulcata Canculs Bo Ee) R ea 0 SL ONIN Seen ere EVES | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 18, Figs. 21—22...........+

ventricosa H. & M..........ccceecceee nsec cen eesccseeccee Mice. N- J. Pl. 10, Figs. sep asoooo aor BBORSOROB006

(DirLoponTA ) Be data Eee Mine eae Bes Black Hills, Pl. 11, Migs. i416... ee

a a ee igs, L718 maser

ae gap eccidentalis Hi y 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 189; 27th Rept., Pl.12, Fi;

fragosum Meek........cseccseeeseeeeeeeeseeen een eene scenes | :

| aoth Parall. Surv., Vol. ]. 3, Figs. 9-II.....

LYRODESMA. Ihe arall. Sury-, Voli 4) lS aaa

Cincinnatensis Hall, type........:cseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeee PaDab Olen Nish Ss DL a Fig. 25

RR RODON. | ; 3 ; DB aire senators

parvus W. & W., type......ceseeeeeeeeeeereeec neste eeees | Pe AS ANE EL. Wels 8

MINCE A, | c. Bb. dS. N. «y VOL. S, P. 299... ..e sees eeeeeees

maia Whitf., type........ssseeeeeeeereee cee ee eee ee eeeens | ) ‘

(MuLINtA ?) lateralis, Say... .scsscesseceeeeneeneeee ee ee see 1445 El 25 eo

(ScHizopEsMA) delumbis @onradieenesseeessseresseses Satengelar rash Monte Rar ee aa Boctns tee oot

ieee | foe KO Memaroegadanoocagsca0ccc

Cretacea Gabb Rue :

wee ccc cee sccerscccssseeseseesessssesecereses | Pal. N. rs Vol. I, Pi. 2 : F : as Sena

MELEAGRINELLA. | J 3) ee

abrupta Con. sp., gen. tyPC....seseeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeee | Pal. N Vel .

| > Ns J: . 1; Pl.14, Bigs) Pattee eeeeeeee

MERCENARIA. spe anes ‘

Cancellata Gabb............cecccscctcescrecccececeeeetes | wae <0

plena Conrad.........ccseeeeseceet eee eeeteeeeceeeeenerens | Mnee: Me J.; Et ty pigs ae me tcr |

aia | GS. 4=O 00.0 ss eceoeneeeeeae

Burlingtonensis Whitf., type......-.-..:s eee eeeeee seers | :

iMilata a uOmreQeMel OlMESeee cence sige vss ecesesecncasseecas | ee 4 Bl 2 fae Figs. 8-9. .--.-.-07hp

ee 6 ci spconcar eee Rarer eet \oote cee ty ne ee

inflata Whitf., type.*......0...cececesesereeeeereeceeeces g Ph |

olmcomt WAI sf ypese sl. sconeessseeeessseeeasee Pal. N. Js Vol. 1 Ee ee

TS TEGAN Gri eascncc toon eer e “ . Play, Fic, 6 ane

edged Pe leeiatniclaletateisicio sialeleie(eveldc'eie|v\elel(s n\ejsieiejsle(ela(vinele Pal. N. Ike Vol. Tr; Pl. 26, Figs. 13—I4.<s 0)

subse LUE. .cececeereecreerseceece: -seeeeeeeeeceeerees | ade M. inflata Whitf................0:scecescceeceneseen,

MOoDIOLOPSIS.

concentrica EL. G Wi, types... .c...ccsceoerccrne-seeens : :

modiolaris Conrad) Spoyd 2.-c2.o.ce-en eerste secens ences Fal. Ohio; Vor 22 EL) ue se ammeter) ty

pholadiformis Hall...........s.eseeeeeeeeeeeeee nee eee ees Ge ae Ge I fA aber |

franvaverkiay BGAN 4. cca déoboosousasesoonodogadoboabonauba Ae AG PETS ae : ans eS

Mattes ne R Pereesococcanencancc!

CONCENtrica CON, SP.....sseseeeeceeeereeseeetseeeeeer sees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 264 Hizston ces. eam

MYALINA. ;

AVICULOIG ES) Men Ga lelancmceeeeiscte secisisnnclsieri\scsleeselesisienes | .

Permiana Swallow sp............ceeseencecrer eee eees eens dock Paral: Sa Vick = re es ery)

(GEKVILLIA) perplana Whitf., type........:s::eeseeeee ledlow eek Seer sy 1 |

? ept., 1875, p- 143, Pl. 1, Figmigeeume

Mysra. Pp 75, P- 143 1g

parilis Conrad pooddnonesosnarebopee, Boosdooaooucseqdédacnee Mioc. N. J., Pl. 9, Figs: 9-13:-.-1.-1.--sseeeee

* This name being preoccupied it will be changed

to M. (L.) subinflata R. P. W.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE, | LOCALITY.

| |

eee Wasa Nate MUS sicnc ese sencisvee oe | Cretns, aur | Cheyenne River, B. H.

Peee= SinenconmGe Nomi ere etiecnaceecoseer | aeret- ie, (Mix at een pebnceholdyy Nae):

Beaisis J. NigtSp 1Daill poadacsgpacaebeecneacds, |p WUMToreeeoe he stono-doo. |) tiene Cita ING Ie

Hisiss's tis So INletic IMU: Geossenosegoousndees. |) ERE Gcaoodeod oooae oon, || Clyne Isvive 18, 18l

EN6. | Dr. Knapp ?....cccsccccsccscecseeess | Hamilton............ | Louisville, Ky.

3 | JOR, TIo OF) Puscconcobondoasemodosonodc Devoniamysie sees | White Pine, Nev.

aa | Copeotomiclga; IME .csdSonstaenpobocs.|| PBUIGS INNcbocsepcoes | Cincinnati, Ohio.

: |

cud |) alo Wa INI Lice concontoscemeconscoboss Waverly........---.... | Burlington, N. J.

| °.

Bet sle iO ea See Natu Steeaeceeer meres eerncen | Chetcoc.c.seeecencess |e }udith Rive. Mont:

real Ate NewS allel cians ssietiidetsinte o's leMiocenes ce .me-<c- |peAtlantic: Citys

| aa | ad ac

ee Ne Se Philee ts e || Crets Te Moe... Raritan Bay, No J

JAG Te ONS CR ea ee Oe eee a [Crees IeM wee | Freehold, N. J.

At PACS Phils eee senses. |) Miocene’s.....+...... | Shiloh, N: J:

Rees. SNe ead Baek ecsnutses acess Cs Fe esd aR i? No hc

Pp) Neon lleressermereceasacectens |) CLct-wea Non. eae. Bunlinotom~eN., Je

sy padbe G6 Fs) easecdcnbcosec sconce Miocene rinse scm Shiloh, N. J.

betgeb West NatayNustesencdssceceee-s- 4" Fasoonacpsceedh || IdaGleeion, IN, Ife

Me he pirentoni NSE pesreees-e-ceseeeceacee lp ercts Met Mace -comenveollvea: Eli lNe ale

ae ASEM NeW le tenwers wesc secre en ee Chets UW pein. onl Marmine dale, N/.|s

Hives |) AX IN Sp Tela cescooceonacnsoanpneane |) (Cel IL WES sonoabeen || lelevelsloarirelkals INI)

ae ts coosconcadshoncoaendanecs || Sxslig Is MEER sce oaas Ib Alibaol over (Osqereliqn olny “Ip.

Wnty. Califia iiee ate nena sctesees eld Rav ease ccs Waynesville, Ohio.

oe, IE coe Cineinnati,, Ohio:

noone Wissystate Collet ea eereeeee een eelamail tones-eee en enee | Milwaukee, Wis.

Su aae U.S: Nat. Mus..................... | Permo. Carb........ | Wahsatch Mts., Utah.

ae ee ne i jurassionse er | Bridger Mts., Mont.

Be Seep to ac canoe ane IMO Cenesaeeeee sate: _ Bridgeton, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

(160)

NaME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

Lucima— Continued.

occidentalis Morton..........cceecseeeeeereresecessc tees

Smockana Whitf., type......-:eseesseereeneeeeeeeeeees

trisulcata Comrad........secseerececeeeereeeeeesersesersces

ventricosa H. & M.......eeeeceresecereeeceeneeeseeees ees

(DipLoponTA) subundata H.

(Paracycras) elliptica var. perience H.

LUNULICARDIUM.

fragosum Meek...........sssseesereersseserseteetnnnnees

LYRODESMA. —

Cincinnatensis Hall, type........-csceceseeeeeeenereees

MACRODON.

parvus W. & W., type.....s.sseeseeereesesereseeeeserees

MACTRA.

maia Whitf., type......-.ccceeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeetensetees

fearon ?) lateralis, Say

ScHIZODESMA) delumbis (Gonradsensierecessseeseeeees

MARTESIA.

Cretacea Gabb

MELEAGRINELLA.

abrupta Con. sp., eM. tyPC...+.ssseesseeeeereeeeeen ees

MERCENARIA.

eanicell lata Galbbpectmberecneiteisenisne velslsisitem ele stelelssiereell-™=

Mopio1a.

Burlingtonensis Whitf., type............:0..ssseeeeeees

inflata Tuom. & Holmes...................0.2sseceesee

ce “ce “e

inflata Whitf., type.*......0...ceceseceersceneseereeceees

Johnsoni Whitf., type

Julia Lea, type.........--+-seeeeeee

ovata Gabb. type..........2csesseeeee

Siilbyuavilegiay, \YVEIING sanocobedesoasooeec cone eeecocendancoedanoo

MOopIoLorsis.

concentrica H. & W.,

modiolaris Conrad sp

pholadiformis Hall..........::.cceeeeeeceseeeereereeeeees

reavennicy EIN o-rcossesendoosse-becepseenodDs00pbo9000550

MopiomMorPHaA.

Concentrica COM, Sp... .....02c.sce-seceseeeeesecsseereres

MYALINA.

PAVITCH OLCESe Vie OC HeLa wo sates veiseciswminceisisrsicsisisna swiss | 4oth Parall. Surv., Vel. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 8

Permiana Swallow Sp.............sssscccsssscsseeereeres

(GEkVILLIA) perplana Whitf., type.........--.----..-+

Mysia.

pe TalllS (COyVEK lyrapcagqsconnonpmondD ~soboLeGHunDBe0ND590G300"

| Mioc. N. J., Pl.

plena Conrad..........eeceeeeeteeserecereereeerteeeeeesees | ioe We

* This name being preoccupied it will be changed

to M. (L.) subinflata R. P. W

Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 11, Figs.

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 18, Figs.

Baap BOs Inte Pl. 11, Figs.

fs Figs.

40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3,

| Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Fig. 25

| Ludlow’s Rept.,

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 25, Figs.

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 14, Figs.

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 17, Figs.

Nowe, N. J., Pl.

‘ “ec

Fig. 4

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 10, Figs. 1-4....

L718 on eed

| 24th ee St. Cab., p. 189; Bai Rept., Pl. 12, Figs. sae

12, Figs. 2-3....

Figs. 4-6....

(TEE, Benno con

Pal. Wh, J., Vol. 1, Pl. 26, Tee I:

Pe ORO co ostice cocooa

1875, p. 144, Pl. 2, Fig. 5.............0..8 |

nbiote: N. dhe Pl. 15, Figs. 1-3.... ay)

Fig. I0......

Gar els 28, Tigs, 3-012. ..-.1esseeeea remeron

| OG CO API 17, Bigs: G—7is.n-s-menesceeee teeta

Pal. N. J; Vol. I, Pi. 26, Figs. 13-14

| Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Fig. 10..........eee eee

ve fies

Tehvofes 1h (Ss ING TBlo5 WolG Gy jo. 2812 Sonosnoesdeponcee con encores |

HL ee Ta i ee gt ee

ID); SSSF0) 9) Bocopseenboonenapeeceperecs

| A. M,N,

_N.

Jalen preReeasronnacdecno scan

| Cambridge, Mass..............c0-+0 |

GEOLOGICAL AGE,

Locality.

Creteenes

Gretteiicecescnes

Hamilton........... ;

| :

| Devonian

i=}

6é

Gréet: Wc Muse.

Miocene..............

“cc

Cret.

Hud.

“ce

“c

Hamilton............

Permo. Carb.......-

“cc 06

Jurassic

Miocene..............

Cretialeu Mies |

Cheyenne River, B. H.

Freehold, N. J.

| Atlantic City, N. J.

. | Cheyenne River, B. H.

“6

| Louisville, Ky.

| White Pine, Nev.

| Cincinnati,

Ohio.

Burlington, N. J.

Judith Riv., Mont.

Atlantic City.

Raritan Bay, N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

? Nous

Burlington, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Bridgeton, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Farmingdale, N = Me

Haddonfield, N. J.

‘Timber Creek, ING Ifo

Waynesville, Ohio.

ce “ee

Cincinnati, Ohio.

ce “ce

Milwaukee, Wis.

Wahsatch Mts., Utah.

ce ce oe

Bridger Mts., Mont.

Bridgeton, N. J.

ape

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

Wanna GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata—C ee

MYTILOCONCHA.

Hncrassatay CONTAC. a. saves sess senslnetucssenmenaeetes He. Iso" Veg Pi 5, Figs. LO=I1...c..cecensueseoneee

Sf COMO aie ca har sls saunas eodeseesecne raat ee 6, 88 TH 23 cte ene eee eee

MVTILUs.

HOEIStIALA NW. t OCW. LY PC. .ace teases ceecrossmneesadonese Proc. B. S$. N. EL, p. 296; Vol. 8);) Bale Ne een

1, Ele 35, ig. 6,Pl37;; Fig.6... aah

occidentalis; We) & W., type.-..csc-eeecceeceecesaeece Proc. B. St Ne Eps 2o07m) Molen Pal N. Ve

ie Jelly ei Ipites, 5, Pl. 87, Fig. 11.

Whi tel Wihith:, types uccessatcceeteccssenenenrece tenes Expl. Blk: Hulls, Pl. 5, Figs. Q=12ssseeceseeeeeere

oblivius ‘‘ RMR EREE Se en AGS anti cunn Ac eAAROL aie Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl.-17, Figs tesc-oeeceeee eee

MYTILARCA.

peKcarinatayWihitie ty peasractascactecceestec acre eee N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 10, Figs. 2.7:

NERA.

zequivalvis Whitt. >» type sodapondssdanoaadonatos GuusEapadas P..N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs, 20=21022oe-caee ce

LOMSANO SUIS) sym cmc tMmcmcseciieeceaiscnnccestmessseeccrse Expl. Blk. Hills, PI. 5, Figs: 35)ict-nsevesesce eee

Miorealensisy Misa Gegklt jase cceeswses tes acieesaciee ace y6 Pl. P1, (66 Busse codeseseaseeeee

NEITHEA.

quingtecostatas amin. wse.srnecastsseescsseneemson neers Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 3, Figs. £20400. eee

NEMODON.

angulatusiGabbyespas..uacscscsascessecrccesceeclsernses ae GG GE 6e> 60 12, Bigs. O=7ase eee ee-eeeeeen

Ibrevitrons (Contade eases ccmenentseesceesGes svete esis GG GG 6c 6672, Figs 2. eeeee seen

Bi ifaul ensis qi seamcntesaeissasieses ster seeanccee siecle? SG 5G fc 6612, SBigs) 3—5 peeeeee a eee

NEMOARCA. |

Gretaceai Conrad); ity Pekasesce socllepocssceces secesn cease ee nee sc 66 12). Figs 8 —lO)eecsesceeaees

NUCULA.

CircemWWhithsatypemerarnsncomsc ccs cecccienecs-eincl sie see OG Ty eu {6 | 6°20, Fig. 1223io.5 eee

HO WEDSISEWEUOCENV sp REVDC si ttas = <ncccessescesesccessisece Proc. B. S. No H., *Wol/8; ph 2082. ceeneesse see

Monmouthensis Whitf., type...............sseeeceeees Pal. Ny, Vol. I, Pl. IL, Fig. 1 ...0sc.ccesseee eee

Nec AMET ROCA Pm bye seme isles oekencseielecesinsiees saiencee 24th Rept. St. Cape p- 191; 27th Rept. Pla

QH1O... aoe eaederccseeoseiesis ee ceisieciececidece eee seem

TOU Ca wed CIN Vira MOY) Poesia ccot sist a/carcs siacesuincnccierses 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 190; 27th Rept., Plz

SET De. ca. loi cote siiiosttenenee es Oseat eee eee eee eee

Deis Conrad Meets reteseds esse cc asemceceinanre Pal. N. J., Voletvaklearr. Fig. J ee pgonoanacasso>2-—

COE aacciesoecietesee aa ssaai'esosgeacssaenee a Sens Big. §:...ctcete co eee

LOXA MAY SA Vrepececr tessa her coresainiele ciotie sotuaccmeneeene Mioc. N. I. Pl. 7; Figs. 7=1O) 2. ccsccse = eeeeeee

SlackianayGabbaitype sence setreccsscseececseascecenaee Pal. N. J, Vol: 1, Pl. 14, Fig. 2: s..cenecsos eee

‘ ‘6 OG 7 Si 8 Pn PSD 5 ce.66 opr, 86 8

NUCULANA.

AlbAT Al Conra cleeasee mse See aelsa cove ace oelen acon oeeenen G6" GG cc 20, °° SUS —TONEee.-- cee |

isu catay MigrGceidepecssccecacsscuss treks saeesees leans Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Fig. 7......--0ees-eeeseeeee

compressifrons Conrad, type .........cecseeseeeeeeeeees Pal. N. J. Vol. 1,. Pl. 1, BigsQesccses---. scene

GabbanagvwihithiptyPesccccescetcicie esse secon semeeceeeese ss 66 66 C6) T= 52 <2t-.

longifrons) Conrad hisporcstnsce-cesncsses-coececeeceeeee come | SE 66 665 (605 66 G07) .. 2c oe

pinniformis Gabby itypeyeas..cssecce.so0s-c~seoseceseeeees Se Wace co ee GC 6-8). oir

protexta G3" “"S0G5. 15 kScoocoucandocododdooaticoas0c sean S'S 660 SST ia ES 10 ooo caecee ee

Subequilatera Wihitfis typets.-..c-s--sescse sce eescssecs Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. rr, Figs. 3=4...-<----- eee

NUCULARIA.

papyrias Conradsty pelmeceecssscwseeececseccscseessoeers Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 18-20....2.gueeueme

SEcunday Whitty sty penaemicncmecceeracs see cusereeacedens oe sé c¢ 6 29, Figs. 13-40. -ssce= seer

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

WHERE LOCATED.

LOCALITY.

eoccee

scacee

ceeece

secese

feecce

Tirerntwoyny INIG -\/Genasebeccdaosodooundese

Unt (OPTI asde naecu secno nooadadon

eee ewer cere seecese

| Glinemtomay Ni a||e ease cvetcecieciscessiestel

AAO, ING No dodsagcasosvedoacscsonc |

ANS INo Se) Biatillosjcosteouacoosadecudec |

girentomsy NEM |e avermeseesucscstiicsees

ID, IRSTEND) 954005550 scsoopadoooseunonDGd

ING ING Sa LPsillls cogsdaccdoseqon0e0600

ibrentomsy Nel nasrceeciecscrsceessicce =: |

(OI, INERT 3a4 Gaashussoccecssese

WAISS Nate Muse easecmeecoemacce

ANs Ila Sa. leet egadsscoacsonososooso0cn

girentons Ni Ji) ..cecssececemaoeress

Jo Io Se Hal bo psdaocandoboscosopocKbc

ce 66 66

oo. eee eee ses eeseeccencse

(73 eé 6eé

eee eee v cece essocrecceee

ANG Nig So) JB av chek echoscoscson700¢

AinentonyeNialeseresecc ete ceeceeeeee

ececesccrs eee

Waverlysersesscet ste

Waverly

JOTEISENCsc6n6 cdatoce |

a Gee Boaaee |

Cret.

Up. Helderb.....;..

TEXOXCCIINS cadticoode odoos

(MEASSIC?eerctser aictls

Grete inn ness |

see eeseee

JBOWSNG ssdccdosocoson

Wav eb lyn censsence cet

Gretel Mie es

wees ces esceescce

es eorcsecce

eee eeeccce

ee ceseeeee

se ccccoere

cece cet oesescoce

Cretan Missi.

WOCENE. 6. akececec es

Shiloh, N. J.

South Car.

| Burlington, Ia.

Sun-dance Hills, B. H.

Marlborough, N. J.

| Dub'in, Ohio.

| Shark River, N. J.

Red-water Valley, B. H.

Cheyenne Riv., B. H.

Holmdel & Burlington, N. J.

| Haddonfield, N. J.

. | Holmdel, N. J.

| Haddonfield and Keyport, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Burlington, Ia.

Marlborough, N. J.

Near Louisville, Ky.

Marlborough, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Marlborough, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Box Elder Creek, B. H.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

Eufaula, Ala.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Mouth of French River, B. H.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

\ G

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

MYTILOCONCHA.

MNIGrASSAtAyN COMLAGs esseeeeeiexeiscbesceniesiensels rea see witer, ING Men Fi: 5, Bigs. LO=LLs ss: sclecoenesaeseoremeeenteelts Whe SaeNate MUS) cocci aces ceases

ef (0 neaeeneneteneeneseeceeeeseeeeeeecer ees oo 6, © Tao i inceeesteceecerae eet jecbcugedon PACMAN RUE oi. ois cn achneaaass neues

MVtTILus.

fibristriata W. & W., type........:-.scecessseeseeenene Proc. B. S. N. H. 2 p. 296, Vol. 8; Pal. N. Y., Vol. 5, pt.

I, Pl. 35, Fig. 6, Pl. 87, Fig.6. BPP Rrra ctnaco% 80240009000 pA MEIN aE duties cage aeeve saves

occidentalis W. & W., type........-..sceccscsereeees Proc. B.S. N. H., ’p. 297, Vol. 8; Pal N. Y., Vel-5, pt.

1, Pl. 35, Fig. 5, Pl 87; Fig. U0 .e...ccecseseeee eee PAVHINIGUIN wills cts. Ses sidensseisecieeee

\AVlovaiert \AnvIHIGG 15402¢ oaqoonoonpenooeneconooodsondgencecno0 Expl. Bikes Es, Migs: O=12) 2... s1see eee Ws Sis Wiehe WIGS eaeesescocoooseboosces

oblivius ‘< See Tale wees cacae aia aae ren cestiecsee css Bal IN. J-; Vol. 1,Pl. 7; Pig. 12...04:...-.s.ce eee | “Iineatverny, ING Voccocecasesccaseseceeca

MYTILARCA.

percarinata Whitf., type..............2seeceeceneeerenees INS We Acad’ sci: Vols 5; el) 10; Migs t—2)..-ceeeeleenaen ee (Winiver Calif. cccceacecensecsonbesvesaes

NERA.

zequivalvis Whitf., type P. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 20-21

longirostris ‘* so oe, Leal Bik. Hill; BSG UMI Gea hieeaneeetiscc ccs:

IMiG@reatensisy Mi gGethl in .aresaui-sceuiwsoselisiececeicsesss Gh 1) Bigs Gee ae 9 Cone a OPP Sine. cGOeN

NEITHEA. |

quinquecostata Lam..............0ccececeeceeeeeceeeeetes RalNe Jes Vole) Top bl. Ss Hie Shel 20 seeeee et ee nee seen - |) Aas, INK |) coodcoosagenaceaateoncas

NEMODON.

BUG MAUS! GADDs SPyeteeressct sete ceesscnenscrsericces ae OG 0G ce" tt yo) Wigs. 16=7. seaeceeeneecaeote mess Mirenton Ni) tecocessencedevensecs nes

Ibrevitrons) Contadsccecpeccceecectecccsescccsccsssccecess GG 0G 6¢ 66 12, Figs. =2) 02. ..00esteeenee seen ENS SNe ha edonl aneasnpectneoaerccnsece

PBITfA ULE TiSISMsGumar se stceae\schsteatcecslses ls tisisea'cSicie= aie 6G 06 66 66 12, Figs. 3-5) ccecsseosisenaueaeaeeenten et “renters INGE | escenaddencactononerecenc

NEMOARCA.

Cretacea Conrad, type.........ssss.sscesseeceserse scenes hirer 166 Ce 1 EOS Higse S—1O) je... eeeneteemtne A.N.S. Phi!., Columbia College.

NucuLa.

Circe Whitf., type ......... ..... cg OG £6 EC 20 RIG OL Qevadsttete ccederes ibventonsyINiagl un scessacesnsecseesrneee

Iowensis W. & W., type........ BLOG eB HSH NEP elena \0 leon 20 Seeneen enna Jer IN Es dN 5.28 lan tidooedsuatinodnancenosaD

Monmouthensis Whitf., type... Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. TD, Wigs ils.) ..ce.se sae deeeteceeaeteeee Gb Ob

DNied awh: Oc eV pty PO rvececserssacssssocsedesonssccceese 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 191; 27th Rept., Pl. 11, Figs.

(=H), Sooogoagboe sadenpeqsucnoopccan|G0ugns -OooAGOAEELCreCESCNN Coo cces Dye Knapp iewe sme cee es -eeeeeelems- se

MGIC AMELE RCO VV eis) CY DCsesaseecs steessissceacectsiisinesseens 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 190; 27th Rept., Pl. 11, Figs

GSI.) ncpnanbodonendo spreoncasadedbor aongubCeBpenScEHOSHoSe ICC NS IDNs STEP) soos nopogdecdeadsa9000e)

Percrassal Conrad... sse.c-sseccenoscsscenesssenscesmecore Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Fig. 4 PACMINER OSM En eeaacscecocesssncs es.

“ce CG 66 66 ‘ce GG Fig. 5 Trenton, N. ES

proxima Say. Mioc. N. J., Pl. 7, Figs. 7-10...........s0000+ U. S. Nat. Mus.

SlackianalGabbyity PGaredesssssrecrsscnscesessseeesceers Heals ee Ws Vol. I, Pl. 11, Fig. 2 INWIN Ss CRDi sotiiecesatec Sectess

Gb a Ms sey ee-acuiaereaenesen ete esouccs 06 GG GS ost, GO PCOS INE Voonecocenonencscaboccnod

NUCULANA. sat

al Datta ontad eerercssmese reese = say srenssedssfasnearees feet GIS io) OG IS 18) ponccennnosey ace JANN GN Ib) Bee ropcacdcackdoneacstienso

bisulcata M. & H. Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Fig. 7.........-+ WES: Nat: Mus\. jsccesessmeesteenes

compressifrons Conrad, type ........csecsceseeeeeeeons sell he J., Vol. mo Pl. 11, ae 9 PAWN (9.5 Ebi] ,.5.+seccescumeacteetee

(Gabbana NV lithe iby DOreseceesshsrelsclsteclesljnele= ss eeie/s<e ve a6 II ‘Tiayeti@yay INI6: | ponpbooooo;oDconGs0ce

longifrons Conrad, Sp........sscseeseeesneceeneseesseens G6 0G GG GG GG" GSN Eds Na Sh JE GRpeppepeposcoccncecoccss

pinniformis Gabb, type..........s:ccsseeeseeeseseeeeeees ayes GS CHGS = GG, 5 ifr Meee 688 ooo esac acietnceaeeneee

protexta GG (Bbq 189812 anooacencem senocansecceoG COW aE GCs se SEC eect 0) OC OG” NOG ererer ePeiccpne ceoraonas

subequilatera Whitf., type............ssccseeueseeeeenee Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 3-4 WreSieNatwMusis....2<ceescsneteeens

NUCULARIA.

papyria Conrad, type

secunda Whitf., type

Pal. N. J.,

Vol. 1, Pl. 11, Figs. 18-20.......sceeeeeessseneeee

66 6 29, Figs. 13-14...-eeeerserersereeeeeee

SOOO OOO neni inn

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Loca.ity.

Miocene..:.

Waverly

Waverly ...

Jurassic...

Cret.

Up. Helde

Eocene

{1 )sonori05 |

JENSEN. ceoncoconses

Grety ie .Sedsecse tae

(Gite IER Wilyasanccace

Eocene..........000

(Crete ye eee

Crete Le Minetecense

73 ee

o eee

7 Sf seaesecene

So seereeeees

Gait pais

Greta TiMiseorcess

Eocene. ic avecuesn

Shiloh, N. J.

South Car.

Burlington, Ia.

| Burlington, Ia.

| Sun-dance Hills, B. H.

Marlborough, N. J.

Dub'in, Ohio.

| Shark River, N. J.

Red-water Valley, B. H.

Cheyenne Riv., B. H.

| Holmdel & Burlington, N. J.

| Haddonfield, N. J.

| Holmdel, N. J.

| Haddonfield and Keyport, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Burlington, Ia.

Marlborough, N. J.

Near Louisville, Ky.

Marlborough, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Marlborough, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Box Elder Creek, B. H.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

Eufaula, Ala.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Mouth of French River, B. H.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata.— Continued.

NUCULITES.

HAAN PULSE NOCIV ss tYPEc 2.0 .cecnnesecesssemoscneaceeatte | 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs. 12-13....

NYASSA.

EL OUICAMEIE ROCs Wen cacowie a Vo na letealinaaise seereasestesessaticnel N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol:5, Pl. 11, Figs 1823s ceee

‘ORTHODESMA.

contractum nial, SPivesiadesailoniats dssiueaisseticnneemessaantts Pal, Ohio, Vals Be Pl. Be Fig. Ai aicsces ethos she

ce ee 6eé

curvatum H. & Ww, type... LU tendgotmne Soca tuaesaenase Pee de PI. 2," 6 ee a

mem, eG en OSs eos onbooonuccdcoaadgHoodcbogods leis Gircteaeys es 66) Bigs 7=Ossccesseenen eee

‘ORTHONOTA.

Wentiicosa’ Wi. OC We, type. ..sosvscse +s elke nlsmaielttel Proc. B.S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 297; Pala Ne }-5, Vien

|) Pl. (66, Pigs) 41—42.. .. edece se sseeosee eee neeeee

OSTREA.

erenulimarpinata Gabb.............0600:2secenscencorees Pal. N. Me Vel 1, Pl 3, Figs. LO-IT......-. <0

denticulifera Conrad, type.............2c0sceeee seceees lone 66. 33, | $82 C=O RNeceeeeeeeeee

SlanGitOrmlse NV Mitie, CVE scewsiscnssenceneaesscvaceesise lites ss 66 ECB, Ae eee

glauconoides ‘‘ Ot Gounod saducooboasopEabaobdepad Naess eg MELO A OUD Se cdquooc~

ergy awlGarniey eee Se cis eicleiniasiosetcets odslctus wes ioeoleiaionss es Oy MMi? RLU yf Bocq. Gds-<-

Sco aa7 INaSitay MOEtOMeen nes ascaneecieneenenesecmsisscies ge St COS E13 SN a3 A eee

Mime Ute SN Vth LY Caen seteacieseiecisseeeslseeirelsriselseniar a6 cs 66 6 2G, ES aT eeenecunse ee eee ;

percrassa Comrad...... 0.0.2... sesesocceceesenconsecereess Mioc: N. J, PL. 3, Figs. 1=4i:.tesesaseecdeetseeoeee

Plumosay Morton, LYPC-necseere-sneceae+-s-oeneenacncee Pal. N. J., Vol. I, IE 3s Bigs. 12=135 02sec eee

strigelecula UTS oe She a ee a Expl. Blk. Hills, Sr ae .

subspatulata Mey CUE SMMBIOND ESM taiscents ss cetelssisceincest Pal. Nev Je; Vol. 1,“ S° > Bignaeseicesceseese eee

tect costal Gabblvaby es -tectet sccic snes sem sec wesisciactessl Wine cose ratios He ‘¢ Figs: 1-2.20.02s 0s

Virginiana’ Gmelin, iy PE Maecaae i cclnciecislvstosie(sels aiecieeioise | Mie NG Te le I, FAG. io occ. cereedabeere oe

0G UAE PLOCY OM eNCe EL ey e.. .ccsecls clo cicelctles | Figs. 4=9s 0 ..nsi. cova cose. ee .

S05. Poogdscssdose soannodea0 oooqe es ecdaeseee BaLobeecEodobones aes Parall. shee Vol: 45) Pie iio Rares

PACHYCARDIUM.

Bunlingtonensis \Whitias ty PC... ...0.1.--0escsceeescerce | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 21, Figs) (0=7c:seseeeee .

PALAONEILO. |

CONSEICLAN CONTAC SP reccmcrisenseslsrcsceveeesessseeeceuass Geek Wi ies , Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Figs. 13=400).-2-.seme |

EVAN OMT AO Me feretsteles cleo ses\eo'eaicn ose siecle nn rcieaieleas | si 66926) Fig sl. osceeteceeeee .

nuculiformis Stevens, SP..........-cesecseecscseseeceeens [ihe ss ie 6€ "965.1 8. I 2st

parallela H. & W., type.............. RCO OERCOC EHEC EES 23d Rept. St. Cab., p: 240 ..0...... ce emenncerseseeeeee .

Similis mVVibielepy by Perescceaseesceseicleisease ccelekelecieleesieciees | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Figs. 4-5.......

PANOPEA. |

Gecisas Conradbaeercescna nace ecards esiseieweies sige ces css Fal: N. Je Vel I, Pi. 24, Hie 5 -ses dee eee See

ae OG Scapa pGodoacrn 0odeGc0ce non CoOsCOONCHeSOOsbeS | Figs. (6-8...----.---- sam

elliptical Whitt), type csccssesacecssrerace--ensnr-nsneseas eens 36 G6 66 98, S6 27=25)..\..-s eee

GoldfussipWiaoMenancsccsnsecscesoesiesiecilcieeieesierieials. | Miocs NaijeyeblsexGs Figs. @\ ie rnadacodocoocsceocc ck

PARACYCLAS. |

peroccidens H. & W., type.....cccccosn0see.sceresenses | 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, ee 14-17...

PARANOMIA.

Tineata Conrad .....1.6......cccscecncecsesncoccesseeenececs Bel. ING Jo Vol. Ej cdn9} Fig. IO... (coceseeeeeeee ae

scabra Mort., type............seeseeeeees casdzeccuen Sennen COTO, 36S “ORne desea eee *

PARAPHOLAS. - |

Keneiskerni Wihithsitypexccecssesceseiesescse) secence ones | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 22—24......---s08 a

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

(162)-

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

eeeee

oscee

coece

cooce

eocee

eocce

2 ccoe

cocee

JN INio Ss IHW G code peqodoosseadboondbes

Pee eerste neers ooo ess seo setes

Bee cere eset co oeeesseseeee

Pace erecesccesssasesseses

Peet mec c eee c sere eccesseee

eee et ce scoeecereessene

eee ceceeeesccet oveesecee

6e ce ce

seco re ceresscescet eesece

ce ce

eter ccceressccccseroce

aN Subs pslpa of OU re a ee a

WistiStx Colne tunic pense cseeer ses

66 é 66

eect coeeesesecescoccecese

6e ce é

weer cee veorccceesscces o8

eect eeeeescccses cos

POE MUSING, shal Cocacihaeementea a tren

direnton’, SN iy) cc stance eeeeeees

We SieNaty Mis. icc sneceaneeeeenes

WeSeNat Mus...) 23.. eee

Dr. Bruere, Freehold, N. J........

FANG S| Shi 1 1 a a

Mevonianhasceene

Hamilton ........

ce ee

Eocene............6-

Greta iene en

White Pine, Nev.

Marion Co., Ohio.

Freehold, N. J.

2? New Jersey.

Shark River, N. J.

letirels IRNGsacccscodae Waynesville, Ohio.

ee oe | ¢ ee

ee ce 6¢ 6eé

Wavenlyacwanceececsce Burlington, Ia.

(Crse We Wl oooganooate Marlborough, N. J.

ss Sais eae eae Haddonfield, N. J.

SSNS Meee rasraes Farmingdale, Vincentown, N. J.

IYCEAINS ngdagacaooover Shark River, N. J.

(Gixelig Ils We coccenson | Cream Ridge, ‘‘

sf Saelscecece ell Mullica Hill,

IDCESINS 6 Gacnacoocessce Farmingdale, ‘‘

Io cen ese aeneeeceia. Shiloh, N. J.

Crete aM ee. | Arneytown, N. J.

iunassicheieeeseeeee | Belle Fourche River, B. H.

(Girait, Ip Ws csasocage Shrewsbury, N. J.

a Stace Near Trenton, N. J.

Miocene eyeeaeete Shiloh, N. J.

ce 66 ce

sunaSSIC lass eeeeeeiser Rawlings Station, Wyo.

(Giele, IUb IM osposes soc Burlington, N. J.

Hamilton ............ Milwaukee, Wis.

6eé 66 66

ere ee la

Waverly. ccsecees Newark, Ohio.

Biiegs hal eseseesceee: Leroy, Ohio.

(Crethp les May eeeeness Holland, N. J.

as Seas sees Burlington, N. J.

GretmUnMeweheras, New Egypt, N. J.

Miocene ............. Jericho, N. J

Devonian............. White Pine, Nev.

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

(162)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOcALItTy.

Lamellibranchiata.— Continued.

NUCULITES.

triangulus H. & W., type...s.sesreseseseeseneeerernnnees 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs. 12-13...... ...-..06 WW Se INehe WES easdececscvocaressaas Devonian............ White Pine, Nev.

NYASSA. $ :

arguta LH. & W.....c00e ceseereeerescesseeeeeeceseaeaaeees NERY Acad Sci; Vole 55) learn.) Hic ant Oeeeeeeeeneeene (Olav (Sti, (COL, creconnsnagasorecsnosoe Vamilton ... Marion Co., Ohio.

ORTHODESMA.

contractum Hall, sp Pal. Oho; Nol 2, Jel 3, Fig. Aivenanslece) eects see eameeeeeeeetente Waynesville, Ohio.

6c GO 5GUE ihe eer ce ‘ | “ec (73

curvatum H. ONG: DPE Cece G6 PI. 2, 6 “

rectum SO ans. ce gu & ‘

ORTHONOTA.

ventricosa W. & W., type...cccseeccceeeconeeeeeeeenees Proc. B.S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 297; Pal. N. J., Vol. 5, pt. 1, |

BU NGG BSS(A RH Ale vec nc tloweresrsaisioi'sssi clo ou sale oeeeaaNeR te IA Mico EL eaicictatadoae tiesieettes Waverly . | Burlington, Ia.

OSTREA. |

crenulimarginata Gabb..........0.cseceseeceseeneeeeeeees Pal. N. J., Wel ii, IAL 3, Es IO-II Dr. Schank, Marlborough......... Gretiliy Mere.nere Marlborough, N. J.

denticulifera Conrad, type G6 OG Ss 8-9 A Ii, Sb 12a Gpeso ces | Haddonfield, N. J.

glandiformis Whitf., type ss fs BOS pi OO T=Al og Trenton, N. J Farmingdale, Vincentown, N. J.

glauconoides ce oe 6c oe ce oe 29, ce 2 (505 6é | Shark River, N. j.

NEU AMIGA pencccres ccasens soeecemcsblfee so Gt Gs pa iN Maes Peer CUS 8 Li) “ GG | Cream Ridge, “

*¢ var. Nasuta Morton GG G6 Se 2 eA ce 6G Mullica Hill, <‘

Jinguifelis Whitf., type..........0.-s.0sc0.sccosenseossnes we cs ASS aU OXE CGS Nt ecg GG G6 Farmingdale, ‘*

eLCLaSsa) CODLAG ecesenmnsseeeeiese-tierereensserrserenvsns Mioc. N. J., Pl. 3, Figs. 1-4..........+. U. S. Nat. Mus Shiloh, N. J.

plumosa Morton, type Pal. N. J., Vol. it LAL 2}, INE 12-13 VLININ Sty Philivn a ccriscncuatecetanee .... | Arneytown, N. J.

Strigelecula White............s.csscecsseceessseceeseeeeees Expl. Blk. as ss OPS eNate Mus: ..sccceensscccteesee: ytxassicueuee eres. e: Belle Fourche River, B. H.

subspatulata Lyell & Forbes ............sccesceseeeenes Pal, N. J., WO: ee AS, -INIp Sb, J 20 Green eecesnesoonccuDusED Cret. L. M.......... | Shrewsbury, N. J.

Rect costal Gabbyaby pe) auneesescccsersersdsc-seesceneseec ea. Sette Ee BG GOT OC renoncepBocacopoounboded es v3 Near Trenton, N. J.

Virginiana’ Gmelin, type.....:.....cceeseceeeeeeeeeeeeees wibesre, No Wap PL Ty FAGS.6.. gs ca. ode SRSA. etka eee G5. .OGis 06: te connbensa peda oconenOCd Miocene... Shiloh, N. J.

206 HELA, FOROS ROG, AG 2 8 Uses anonnoppneeeence te 660" * FIGS. 45 we sedae cos cattenceseatiee aaee |. Wins iNate VLUStneamencserrelsseceanen» Gi eB maces OG UG

370) Poasqocnpooodbesn900uEds05s 1bdeo Busco HDOSDCBBSSGEADSOOn Sah Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig 12 SIE Pel OSEY ate aoe avo ee eres JMEASSIC2 1. eeave secre Rawlings Station, Wyo.

PACHYCARDIUM.

Burlingtonensis Whitf., type............esseceeeneeeene | Pale Ne J; Vol. 1, Pls 25, Pigs \6=7vecsesstertnaccerc esa AXING Si (PRU vane teees ees ees Crete Mi sane Burlington, N. J.

PALZONEILO.

constricta Conrad, Sp ......ssccessssseeeeessesseeeeeees Cet Wi se yp VOlerAberl) 265 Bigs: a= lAen i ceeeeteeeiee sees Wissists (Coll cvivacodecds secrets selves Hamilton............ Milwaukee, Wis.

eran, 68 9 06 gnanponoscopigsnosqnoonaqaceneccod GG 61 26, Fig. 11 ON SSE erate canes Selec aiietioieies bu Ob sf

MUCHIMOXMIS SLCVENS, SP.-..--s00--encresssrarcerarasv ace ee fe GO GG 26, GS 156 ST LON IE Ah en naaasleac seem ae Ks ae Ga

parallela H. & W., type.. 23d Rept. St. Cab., p. 241 B8e0 Waverly ............. Newark, Ohio.

SHIMITISMN VMI bbs by Pe venesertratessnetc slisrpeatnavesienecat ate INOW Acad. ‘Sei., Vol.'5; Pl. 12; Bigs. d=Sueseeeenreeeces | SO) ENE eeeseerees es Erie Shale........... Leroy, Ohio.

PANOPEA.

decisa Conrad......... Pa scinince emeacaeetcnevneectisesiseces Pal. N. lea Nol: 1, Pl. 24, Big. 5 ccatseeeeeeeee 7 oe Trenton, No Ji-cesnssseeseseeeese Crety es Mereeeece Holland, N. J.

Es fe ss ag Figs. 6-8 A. M.N, H....... Gt WO g srdaneaiae Burlington, N. J.

elliptica Whitf., type... GG Gb OG GG of), G8 gyi Trenton, N. J..... (Grain We Wile srcscanns New Egypt, N. J.

Goldfussi Wagner, |.....cecsseccosseorcossesseseossessenes Mioc. N. J., Pl. 16, Figs. CO) fk BSD EBECEE Resend cob 310039000800 (Wis: Nat. Mus Miocene ............. Jericho, N. J.

-PARACYCLAS.

peroccidens H. & W., type.........c.csese secceceeeee 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Ph 3, ae LA=V7iseesenenenees (WemsweNats MUuUSiicnswencesesigeeee sens Devonian............. White Pine, Nev.

PARANOMIA.

RIMeEAL AN CONTAC terces=suesslsrserrensoessusersoesereecrcess Pal. N. Je Vol. 1, Pl. 9, Fig. b fo REBRRROREEAp ECD InO I 3493 3o0U5C00 Dr. Bruere, Freehold, N. J........ (CiGfig Wn Wile sccnnccian Freehold, N. J.

Scabra MOre. ty PpOyveccascsesces¥isnestecceesestecanosceee ee 6G 6 10, 8° LOsivscevcseeees ten eeeeamemeeeee AC SINED Se Is sarees <tapeaceesdeneees «6 se fcaeeveenoae ? New Jersey.

PARAPHOLAS. -

Kneiskerni Whitf., type............scccseee sesceeeeeees Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Figs. 22-2/.....0csceessceccenneers PUTA, INI, occocoonacenoneenccnes Kocenez..sce.cccesees Shark River, N. J.

wah

eu ene

ear

oii _ :

vee

Rae hs

mien:

Nudes

ret inces

Sys

ce ae

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata — Cuntinued.

PECTEN.

Kneisicerniys Conrad, ty pe. s..<.-cec-.ccen ses ese wees sees

IMiaAGiSONIUSS SAY. «since sth caiiesacesscieecantceeaeabincmmntt

INewbernyleWihitis, ty Perc. .nes esses cee sessn cere ees

planicostatus Whitf.; type o.2..d.c.01.scoeseccseeeineine

quingquenarius Conrad). v..iciec.cdoesssnocucssarececens

Rig bya WNinith: 5) type: /s..nselacteeanowecadewaseoeadceeae

tenuitestus Gabb iv. Sssasateseatausnnioeeencsnaosseiseeens

oo craticulus Mort., type...

(SYNCYCLONEMA ) perlamellosa Whitf.,

PERIPLOMA.

Pal tay onra ds, teste pevcnane casement mess eee caceseee

PERIPLOMYA.

elliptica (Gabbe cii5 .tnececcasoecesehcnsseeiiesennceooes

truncata Whitf.,

PERISONOTA.

protexta) Conrad; type. .-cacnodseccseresscseseessseassees

PERNA.

HONE AME SAV ata ti. teacasiecemtincuicesecieds vec te eictelees Saat

PETRICOLA.

MOVA=Leg yt CAR WV Mitts > tVPCLs wclosssccie ve ssoecsne'sasiees

PHOLADOMYA.

PINNA. -

laqueatay Conta dwemmertsctete ses celine sinc ssn ices scree

Ludlovi Whitf.,

Maxvillensis Whitt. PAL VPC sass cialsotleiaTis es/ojsciis.\cisieie Slee

MOS(EILOLNAI SH MOtOMeseMestteceeees eases es seins eiecsicice ses

PLEUROMYA.

Newton Wihithyntyp er smescerncscsessor scsi sceciscs cress

PLICATULA.

GensatanConradisycacscc see oe ealeereeeatcislsioaras eisai sisters

urticosa! Mortonats aesce e eeine ace eels s slainninawon Sess sin

PROTOCARDIA.

curta Conrady io oGcce. ee oe eee awe osn es Saeeencts

PSAMMOBIA.

? prematura Whitf.,

PsEUDOMONOTIS.

(EuMIcRoTIs) curta Hall, s

( EuMICROTIS) orbiculata Whitf., type............00

LY [D Sorerarsialeiels clatelsjerarelatelslsicteielsis(e/s[=I=}e\e)=

See ey

I Oe so suseadasde onuoodnoataooannoos 1

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 29, Figs) 3-5. s--cdecssaeen

Mioc. N. Ji.j Pl. 4, Bigs: 1=8).cicccetesaceoeeeciee

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 4, Figs. 12-15...............

Pal. N. Me Well I, Es 8, Figs. 10-00 2.:.....5ee

ce 75 O° “Tat...

ce ce ce ce

ce ee ce 6¢

Pal. N. J., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Pigs: (1=4eseee eee

Mioc. N. J., p. 31 (fragments only.) ..-f222sseees-

Pal. N. J.,; Vol. 1, Pl. 7, Figs: 17=18seceseeepee

6c ce 6¢ ce ce

Mioc. N..J., Pl. 16, Figs. 7=8: -2:-2c- eee eee

Pal. Ne Ie, Vol. 1, Pl. 23, Figs. 14=15..........-

os GG «© 28) $6 20=21i.cteaceee

ce II, ce

Mioc: N.. J, Pl. 5jeMigs) §2=13 ee. ceeene score saeeee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 28, Figs 225. e=ee uae

Pal. N. J; Vel ob Pl. 24, Figs. 1-3...........00+

ce ce

| Pal. N. J. Vol. 1, Pl. 25, Figs. 14-16....sssee

OG 669 ig WI eereesehoeeeeeme

Gy Percmacreatsascseers acc ces acinnenkees |

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1,Pl-16, Pigs. 1-2).eeeeeee

| Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 142, Pl. 1, Figs. 6—7..

| N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. 5

| Pal. N. J., Vol. I, PI... 16, 3-40. 0 oee ete

eee eceeees

| Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs. 19-20.............00.

| Mioc. N. J.. Pl. §, Figs: 328:ctscssestees: =e

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 9, Figs. 1-2...........:cssem-

ce 3; ce

ce 3) “ce

ee ce ce

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

(163)

WHERE LOCATED.

= :

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

reeecee

eeecece

ce eesece

ee eceee

ce eeece

ceeceee

eeeseco

seceeee

sevcece

ocsevce

cceseas

wecocee

pocccece

| iNutoersiCollevetescsccs. tasers sce |

Uo Ss INeke MWe otcGnecaosescasocoooee |

6 ce

finenfonspe Nemes .cs.csscescecsesents

ee oe

Coe merece es ersesecesesese

PONeNID Ee le.

U.S. Nat, Mussccscessesseee

Se ein

dlinentomseN Male teece eee cece:

RutmersmCollegesnnceneoseeensereso:

eee bee cc rere re seeeseeee

Rsuitsersy Colleger.cen. ns sesencnscene

AGO MEg Ne Elen cai lirentonsaeeceenee

Trenton, N. J

Pee ec cece sees ees cccnes

Cee emcee cr ccr ees eseseevce

A. N. S. Phil

U_ S. Nat.

See rcecsccesscccsescccsece

eee eecceccesescccees

CO niin

Poe sere er scc ese scereseee

et Pe ccese ee esosnerceee

sicentoms Na) Ji: Ju. cceseeeeeeeneeeees

Pececescccccsccesccees

Wise Naty: Musee re scmeeceesteess |

co)

(o}

ie)

wa RIRASSICaneeees comeeete.

nCxetaple.

sect cee eee

seer ceeee

Cre Lk:

eee eeeee

Miocene............

Cret. L.

Cret...U.

| Gretanls:

MIMI OCeNesseeseeeerne

Cret. U.

Cret.

St eccescce

Cret.

Coal

dec ec ceeee

Cret. M.

Jurassic

eer ccc e eee rces

eee c cc eeeeeres

O(@)

Eocene: ss .cccses esac:

[TERETE in snctossosoo

IES eaccsobdicboones |

Shark River, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

West of Black Hills.

Marlborough, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

Arneytown, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

_ | Shiloh, N. J.

| Holmdel, N. J.

_ New Egypt, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

New Egypt, N. J.

Muorauinertthy, N ; He

Tinton Falls, N. J.

Marlborough, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

- Mussleshell Cafion, Mont.

Maxville, Ohio.

Timber Creek, N. J.

Belle Fourche River, Black Hills.

Shiloh, N, J.

Freehold, N. J.

| Shark River, N. J.

Belle Fourche River, Blk. Hills.

Red Water Valley, Blk. Hills.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. (163)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED, GEOLOGICAL AGE. LocaLity. yi

Lamellibranchiata —Cuntinued.

PECTEN.

Kneiskerni Conrad, type........:0sscseceeserneee eoneee Ral) Ni J:, Vol. 2, Pl. 295 Higsy =5eerecceseeeaeiacmeeeetes Rutgers College... ..cecencvse-se | Eocene .........0e0+- Shark River, N. J.

MMercison ust cay mecrrrsce tec ceserecetrszsetttaysevcetes Mice. N. J., Pl. 4, Figs. 1-8....... TW. SS INeati, WIRE) sconnanorenonsenenre: | Shiloh, N. J.

Newberryi Whitf., type.........0.0c0s.scse0, escessones Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 4, Figs. 12=U5\.c...0+-seeeeemereneatncs oY SMe cise sehen efece receive sie J West of Black Hills.

planicostatus Whitf., type .............sseceecseeneeeeee Pal. N. Je Welk 1, Pl. 8, Figs. ro-11 TB@alKye; INI, [accsequaccosonooeceouaee Greta eevee Marlborough, N. J.

Quinquenarius Conrad..............0.ceeeeessseeeeeeenes is a 7, “© 13-16 oe OO ppb DOCEECDOIBDAGCCOAOSGLE aie! te Ss i

ANE DVAMVVilegntype.sses.cheeesesuverstecs+eecterseeoa st come ct HS WSS 20.66. 16) 2. PACE MOSIN EW ldlieessi ete seiieceectrernces.) |) OCENGrarcceecnmenece Shark River, N. J.

RENUILESLUSUG ADD... ccesceccrsesecanvees sssisscseccscescees GG GG OG ly (Pen OSREARER A cindc Biren tonse New |fveseevenceeesr sce | Cret. L. M.......... Holmdel, N. J.

EMMIS EUSP EK s. uvcccecatesn re tevious ganic sen wapemaceeves PalSsNe yey Vols I, 0b. 7, Migs: l=45..2...cssdeeenenemeeerenate Sem VIERIN MEAs. Sescesncusaecesesssare Cret. L. M Freehold, N. J.

vincenarius Conrad ?...........sssscseceeeereseneeeeeeee Mioc. N. Te p- 31 (dagiments\only,) ie. .ac.ss seen eeeeeeeee 1s Ss INGEN WIS Sascensceconssen ere Miocene ....... | Atlantic City, N. J.

(CHLAMys) craticulus Mort., type ..........-....0+ Pal. N. J. Vol. 1, Pl. 7; Bigs. 17-18...:2..: cscese eee A. Y Sie Bhileesecest won sverses csees Cret. L. Arneytown, N. J.

(SYNCYCLONEMA ) perlamellosa Whitf., type...... os io ss FE Tiassa evade teeeceaey Meee oe OG © pecnosnonaondosoauscbds0 es Haddonfield, N. J.

PERIPLOMA.

BEALE AE CONTAC Soyer vciec velvsocert noteseheeoslesCareweseseivic WORT, INS Non LEE ule), JIMS) Gta} cceonsoocangaaesecciecc oon 00000080 ABEND Se bile acceeneceresneaes Miocene Shiloh, N. J.

PERIPLOMYA. |

ellipticanGabDy. soeccacecctesacceccwostoussceececdsscesescs PaleoNin is) Violet, Plav2gy ipsa th nesosaseeeneeteeeee ese Menton yeep) ences esetvenssrbea= Holmdel, N. J.

Aruncatal\Whith., ty PCsc.sccecreveewsssscteserse ne seedy ee “ “ 6 28, 66 “BOSONS. . Srcecoem teases Rutgers College _ New Egypt, N. J.

PERISONOTA. I

protexta Conrad) ityperrnacessscceesesecnesseccrcccre+s OG og BG CO 8 raid 01 a ocqonencococcsboccneeee fale IN Sb ath) ena beecceneobeseEroca | Haddonfield, N. J.

PERNA.

OULD AY Aeceteereretarrercr caret ee sceetesssixcsueaseanesers Mice) Ne Jig Pl 5, Higss 12=132.:-seeenestee sees eeeee eee Rutgers College Shiloh, N. J.

PETRICOLA.

nova-cegyptica Whitf., type........ccccceceeeseeeeeeeeee Bal Ne Jp Vol 1) Els 285, Bigs 22.2.0 eaten eee Rutgers College................0000 Gre tel Ue Veneer New Egypt, N. J.

PHOLADOMYA.

BecidentalisMMlOrtOMrerecrre esse crecsasssncsssececseeeecs Pal, N. J; Vek ah Pl. 24,. Figs: I=3\...:-.<<-aceseeieemeeseeers A. M. N. H. & Trenton........... Crete eas Miianerats Monmouth, N. J.

RGemexinV Vite Ly peseceveccesceseueeeare.-csosseenersece 3G Fig. 4) vce sens oncceectaeeeemaeene AAS AVONA, ING |sconncenonanocoeinooeanoe Se eee ease i es

PHOLAS

Bithayap Morton secce-sac--cacccuccectcrnceaecetueveccestves Pal. N. J.» Vol. a Pl. 25, Bigs. 14=\Osrs. ceeeemeeemementee: JXG IN Sb bth coceooconasso5509000000 Cret. L. Tinton Falls, N. J.

PUlataMNVINIEE ity DEcesn ca tecscheetessccnssnescesvewavecetes ag (60) Bigy 17 sicccescoo+eseeaeeeameeees en Rutgersm College: sn tcessssesceys EG, MARES GG Marlborough, N. J.

PINNA. - -

Hag eatam CONTAC ee waelecee ast eouceenecssdossteacsacces Bale Ninny Vlad, blestOy Higsat—20eceynn-setecanessmmeeiere: Asa Ilo Sis 1a oo oscedocaasoodhceoeen Cret. Haddonfield, N. J.

Merdloyvi! Whitt... types. .c..:seeesesssesscedeceoerosssoess Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 142, Pl. 1, Figs. Oot tite WW) SS INES URES cccssosanoscaenangen Coal - Mussleshell Cation, Mont.

Maxvillensis Whitf., type........-.--cessseseeseeeeeees N. Y. Acad. Sci. .» Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. Di vcseeneneieae Semirecres' CEB ys Andrewsmaeeeeenenerenee: Chester.... Maxville, Ohio.

rostriformis Morton. ...........sssccsseeeceeseeeneeereeees PallNa Jr; Vol. 5 Bl. 16) 3=4\asceesteescss ecertemeeeeeeressts ABET INI. | ooseoraoceascosanonecoee Cret. M. M Timber Creek, N. J.

PLEUROMYA.

PME WLOGIMVVLIbf ity De: tacesssersssseseresocsecessneeeeres Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs. 19-20.............0+ pabconoacee Why Sh NEN WS nos snosoounononana: MIAUSSIC Reece eesienes Belle Fourche River, Black Hills.

PLICATULA. eae

Klensatan Conrady waenceernacsesssssstiovsiertaessasseseense Mioc. N. J, Pl. §, Wigs. 3=8..0s+-ccc--+-0--nnesscuseeavenesnce WES) Nat. Musi roc atmesttectassrreen mV UOC ees seen eecees Shiloh, N. J.

MInttcOSa) Morton... 5.07.c0cc0+eccesescaccscnasosesesoeees Pall IN. Je, Vol. ¥, Pliig; Wigs: —2:c0.-....seneemeecteearen as Menton, IN.) Jj. -.c-.seesersseenenenes (Grete Pome reeeeen re Freehold, N. J.

PROTOCARDIA.

PEMEEIAM CONTA ese aeteates se sauce an ee tease ewuneesteesaubies CG 66 6666 30), 8 B97... sade nace ieee: PAMpIVieMIN s JEL siccccesscscsageseadasames Eocene..........0000: Shark River, N. J.

PSAMMOBIA. j

? pramatura Whitf., type...........ceccseseceeeneeeeens Expl Bike Hills) Pia i55) Bigs, 3U-cc---eecceses sees neeeeeeeeete We {Ss INER ING Se aseapeesricocascropos Jurassic..........006+ Belle Fourche River, Blk. Hills.

PSEUDOMONOTIS.

EUMICROTIS) curta Hall, sp.....--........ceeeeeeee Gt ai ee 66 3, §€ 20-25. ce cue eens « WSS Naty Musi cescsescovecresanes Jurassic............64. Red Water Valley, Blk. Hills.

Evumicroris) orbiculata Whitf., type...........000 te 3, 8 10, Ge Seta a CeeeRePR ree renery CC feapicuaaess ee s =

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

PTERIA.

laripes Mort., sp.,

linguliformis E. & Si USpiterssseiaseseteoastenesaactes

navicula Whitf., type padi nadoosooBosbnoauoobanEdgoddKaadG

(Oxytoma) Nebrascana E. & S., sp

petrosay Conrad, Spoic.ssecscassneceacceescsecesetausnces

GESEUDOPTERTA))| fibrosa: Miya lee eaicniaksmcceas

( PSEUDOPTERIA ) subleevis Whitf., type

PTERIMEA.

aviculoidea Hall

6é (a3

eoee vec eeeccccce

eee cccccceas

Pee c er eee ncee corres rscescescsesssccesscoes

PRN i tae ean cs ee kre

flabella Conrad

Peewee cece err arses eecceeesesesesceooesseee

Cece cece rece esccccssessereeceeccoseeessecee

PTYCHODESMA.

Knappiana H. & Whit

RADULA.

acutilineata Conrad, type

Pelagic MOortOMe ss tsoss docecestaseceasenesseticcia.ssise

reticulata L. & F.

RANGIA.

(PERISSODON) minor Conrad ?

SANGUINOLARIA.

oblata Whitf.

SAXICAVA.

bilimeatau Con ra deassnarece eae cec uc ccseeectleoseeeuezes

iurassicam NV hitieemby pereeiodasccccnsine «ee sesecetessdecece

myzeformis Conrad

paralis Conrad

SCAMBULA.

perplana Conrad

SCAPHARCA.

subrostrata Conrad

SCHIZODUS.

Chesterensis M. & W

SEDGEWICKIA.

ECON CAV Ay VOC Renee Resin eae ne Na ou suis ocstaaiag

divaricata H. & Whitf., type..............eceeeeeeeeeee

(GRAMMYSIA) neglecta Meek

SEPTOCARDIA.

Poor eevee ococescss concer see esseoesoseoceee

ee eee eer cccccccccscsece

Peewee rece eeeeaneecceees ere eeseesereseseeession

wee coe eeserssecercs cece se eseeseseseesces

wee reer ecco see ses eeeeseresccoeesescseseesees

Peco reese see see cesses eeeeeseseesecsece

Pere meee reer eseee seer eesensesesceseene

See er i irr

wee eee c crete essere cesees

carditoides) HI\& WiaityPerecscccsecscceescssssceescesss

ty picamels: Sc Wi type mac. rece eeriseeeesioncsies secs c's

SILIQUA,

Cretacea Gabby ity pesactcoccneencceenecaeweek coc scisccsts

SOLEMYA.

lineolata ‘Conrad \itype ssn .cccseseececeeossesenettsenesscne

SPH ERIOLA.

transversa Whitf, 7 Re podeodasddodesbobsadadasoodcoucodan

umbonata ie

Peewee we enee eee sere nesses sessesees

Pal. IN: J, Volk 1,..Pl. 14; Big: Oieeseseeee ecco

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 7, Figs. 2-3

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 14, Fig. 8

Exp]. Blk. Hills, Pl. 7, Fig. 4......2....--+ceeeee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 14, Fig. 10::2..2.-..esssaa '

[Ege IBN Hills, Pl. 7, Fig. 5

6“ (73 We GG (6)

sec eecesosesscece

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 6—7.....-....0am

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl 5, Fig. 23

Pal.(Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl.2} Figs ieeceeeeeseeese eee

N. Y. Acad. Sci, Vol. 5, Ws Il, Fig. 17

66 é ee 5, 15

see reees

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 192; 27th Rept., Pl. 12,7

Pal. iN: Je« Vol. I, El 9, Figs:;6—7,...:.-..s40am

6° 9). 185.0) 2B asec eaeeeeeane Ef

ob sé 669, §° "8200 eee LY

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 15, Migs: 4-6: see ii

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 144, Pl. 2, Figs. 3-4

| Mioc. N. J., Pl. 16, Figs. 1-3:ccssccsseecneesel th,

Exp. Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs. 25-30

Mioc: N. J., Pl. 16, Figs: 4=5ei7-seseseeseeee seam au

ec 66066) 16, Bigs i(Os..2caceee eee }

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 18, Figs. 8-10......... f

=——

——

Mioc. N, J., Pl. 6, Figs. 11-12

eee eect eee ccereseee

| N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. 4......-04

| goth Parall. Surv, Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 3.....000- i)

| Pal. Ohio, Vol.-2, Pll 2, Rigs aan 2

GG 2 Ot 6 25 6 25 380 OTe eee eee 4 .

(ae

;

_ goth Parall. Surv, Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 25....:29 Mi

| “< se 66) ge Plz) Bigs.126—29ee ve

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 25, Figs. 9-10.......00008 i

«6 4 ge Pll 23, Figs: an

| Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 10, Figs. 14-16......ss0000 f

| Pal. N. J, Vol. 1, Pl. 19, Figs. 17-18......cs00m i)

Si >

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

(164)

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

—6.

eene

co eoe

pees

SeiNa te Maus! oe vcctcsesccesceeee |

Whig. Ses (Collie exanarnancneasscsdooncs

Whniwan Calf eee aes ecaaensmecene

havin, (Calli: cbsnedsodscocassooucadooaos |

rte Knapp it aucsccdsacsccn-cesecncseecns |

(Nae SERENE sg choo eo sateneesc: |

Pe mem ere eee reesei coesecoseses

MrentOnweN y leeesecccseereeceuescec

66 6é

Wi See Nate Niustye cece cciacaecr seek

U. 5. Nat.

Mus

eee ete cece eesescce ree

(We Sme Nate Musee. eee lee

66 ce

AGEN

6é ce

ce oe

ce ce

We lee

WeSW Nats Mus: cc). cere |

ee 6é

lelelelolelsleieielotelefeisiececenint

SR niles cea stay eae

66 oe

eiclelelelelareteleteisieieieteieteveistetarere

ce [a9

ppdooonoodHdoconaabooboSs

ce 66

Bee cceee ee ees ceseeeseses

eee escrcee veces cen

Peer eet eee een ee ces cesccres

eee cect eens ees seeerecce

ce oe é ce

Bhs IN Sipe gh 00) ERE Ber tecod,.sonoce

66 66 66

U. S. Nat. Mus

A. N. S. Phil

eee c re cce® cocseseesseces

ee eee er ecesesccsessces

ee ececcescocsscsoescesce

Sete w ees sccesserseses |

Creticls Meee

leale

| Cretaceous... ........

| ce

| Lower Helderb. ...

Miuoceneseesascee

jurassic cceecsscceces

| Miocene.............-

Greenies

Mi ocen'esyeaenaecee:

eo eee erceces

(x9

eee covsce

peer ccescecosesscce

Delaware ?

S. fork Cheyenne Riv., BI’k Hills.

Iladdonfield, N. J.

Sage Creek, B. H.

Keyport, N. J.

Cheyenne River, B. H.

Old Woman’s Fork, BI’k Hills.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Marion Co., Ohio.

Columbus, Ohio.

Louisville, Ky.

Haddonfield, N. J.

‘Holmdel, N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Judith Riv. Mont.

Jericho, N. J.

Red Water Valley, B. H.

Shiloh, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

Maxville, Ohio

| Wahsatch Mts., Utah.

| Blanchester, Ohio

Waynesville, Ohio.

Augusta Mts., Nev.

ce 66

Burlington Co, N. J.

| Haddonfield, N. J.

Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

? New Jersey.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

§ =

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Locauirty.

Lamellibranchiata— Continued.

PTERIA.

laripes Mort., Sp., tyP€?...--esesesesesseeeeerecereeneee

linguliformis E. & S., sp. ....

navicula Whitf., type........:.seseeeeereescereceeeseeeee

(Oxytoma) Nebrascana E. & S., Sp...-...+.+0000

petrosa Conrad, SPp......-sssseseecsessesereeesenereeeenes

(PsEuDoPTERIA) fibrosa M, & H.................00

(PsEUDOPTERIA) sublzevis Whitf., type ............

PTERIMEA.

AVIGHIOIG GAM all Becueteesceeeesssecneecsersseree cesses

ce “ee

‘tarnbiieen Clie ee eee ee

flabella Conrad

PTYCHODESMA.

Knappiana H. & Whit.............ccccseecseceeeeneeees

RADULA.

acutilineata Conrad, type .........sssesseeneeeseeereens

pelagica Morton............csecssseceseeeeseneceeceneeens

Reticulatay lan QW yo ccesascssctetscacesscccccecscsscsesce

RANGIA.

(PERISSODON) minor Conrad ?..............000eee00s

SANGUINOLARIA.

CoD HLM D1 bheweisten Semcaswedoeeweos otculse/suvevwcessxcviesas

SAXICAVA.

Ivltmental Conrad ’s..,cccseaneeessaeccdsvebecsersascesseses

Jurassica Whitf., type

myzeformis Conrad............

PALALISICONTAC veewewvenecsccesaserescessesceesessscssasess

SCAMBULA.

Eup lan ae Conradtencssnacestsssesessnerseesecessereeares

SCAPHARCA.

SUI DLOStrAtay CONLAG ss. cp c0cclareseconshscen sceateceswenieee

ScHIZODUS.

Chesterensis M. & Woeu..cccccccecscesceeseessceasecseees

SEDGEWICKIA.

PECONCAVAM Niky OCW isesesavsceccosteetsesssvacissceacuecas

divaricata H. & Whitf., type...........c.ccesseeeseeees

(GRAMMYSIA) neglecta Meek................s0cc000

SEPTOCARDIA.

carditoides El (& Wi, tyPe:-..<...c0sccescessesesccese

by Pic Amidon CCV ty DOsccrescetsercnsseecccerccsseteravce

SILIQUA,

Cretacea Gabb, (59) 9} sqaq scnoconDanUndeppesOBOGCOSeA DAL GGE

SOLEMYA.

lineolata Conrad, type.........s.s.sccssssseeeeseeennners

SPHARIOLA.

transversa Whitf., type

umbonata 00 G6

Pal. Ni). J.5. Volivt, Plo 14, Fig: Q)t.ces«cescesseetinemes: aeteeine

Expl) Bik--Hills, Pl. 7, Figs) 2=3).c:-.ses+-eveeseene-+ semen cele

Pal, N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 14, Fig. 8.........

Expl) Blk: Hills, Pl. 7, Hig: 4h ....cceccneseetteceenits Maeemeee

Pall N. J:,, Moll, 1, Pl.) 14, (Fig) LOl...seceseeeneeee oes

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 7, Fig. 5...............seseveee

GG GG 6c CG oh cc 6, . =

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 6-7..........ccssceesseceeees

IN. YY. Acad! Sci., Vol. 5, Pl 5, Fig. 23).....cceeen.nuseeenee

leeIL, CO)artoy, WAVE 225 1G 64) Wika TeScongeqoupconoduensaouadncccops

N. Y. Acad. Sci, Vol. 5, Pl. 11, Fig. 17........c0ssceeeeeee

GG ce “cc 5 6c ‘

15 ss caceeee te css

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 192; 27th Rept., Pl. 12, Figs. 1-6.

Pal. N. Jig Vol. 2, Pl. 9, Figss:6=7..0.-.-: em nes ot

ce oe ce 9; “cc

“ “ec “ce 9; ce

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 15, Figs..4=655... .csccesessaneeemee eeiaels

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 144, Pl. 2, Figs. 3-4............-

Mioc, N. J., Pl. 16, Figs. 223:0c.00.+.:.-.. a

Exp. Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs. 25-30

Mises Niji, blo r6s Bigs: —Seccntseeeseneemeeneen

“ce

a a ee =

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 18, Figs. 8-10......... .ssesceoeeeeeee

Mioe) Ni J.) Pl 6) Bigs LI=12\...cescsenecesseteeeeee risers.

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. 4......cccseseseresrenss

40th Parall. Surv, Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Fig. 3

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 2, Fig. 3

Gg 6 Bt 2 TT

40th Parall. Surv, Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 25........ccssseeeeeee

6G 6G “¢ «¢ 4, Pl. 7, Bigs. 26-20) oe eee ,

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 25, Figs. 9-10............sesseeeeess cl

os “ «¢ 1, Pl. 23, Figs. 11-03%...ccmeeeeerembeses F

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 10, Figs. 14-16...........cceccsesesees+

Pal. N. J, Vol. 1, Pl. 19, Figs. 17-18.......ceceseeeseeeneees

PAGE NCES oaececaaseccccs<oseewe |

WerSh Naty Musi. cteescceccesec nes |

eee Collene Jb aiiaeac eas outa cies

U. S. Nat. Mus

Ulster een eae

Trenton, N. J

ce ce

see eeet anes eeesesseees

Wn@retw Now 4ieescceecs

(Ce STG IMIS acy aoe

Cretaceous.. ........

Miocene............-

Jurassic...........0+.

Miocene............--

6c ?

Delaware ?

S. fork Cheyenne Riv., Bl’k Hills.

Iladdonfield, N. J.

Sage Creek, B. H.

Keyport, N. J.

Cheyenne River, B. H.

Old Woman’s Fork, Bl’k Hills.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie.

| Cincinnati, Ohio.

Marion Co., Ohio.

Columbus, Ohio.

Louisville, Ky.

Haddonfield, N. J.

‘Holmdel, N. J.

Freehold, N. J

Shiloh, N. J.

Judith Riv. Mont.

Jericho, N. J

Red Water Valley, B. H.

Shiloh, N. J.

ce ce

Haddonfield; N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

Maxville, Ohio

Wahsatch Mts., Utah.

Blanchester, Ohio

Waynesville, Ohio.

Augusta Mts., Nev.

ce cc

Burlington Co, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

? New Jersey.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. wee PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata — Continued.

SPONDYLUS.

LIAO MAUS AV WLI thes CYC ae are ve'e soiss'elteteisieteinesieiectatserelsetelsiss Mioc. IN. Ji5 Pls; Figs: i—2s.ce.csssese reese eee

MEM A SHMLOKCOM ss. lecsleneaeeisccaedessesticeninceeasiclslescies He NSE Vol. I, Pl. 0, Figs) 1%—1252-02 sees

es HOE, Les aisle Sivas ola hive vee wale einsee neeiaelsamonectasss (ee ys Bln 10; Bigs) i—2 esses eee in

SYNCYCLONEMA.

Hi OI CLIT EL OCT | FSP) wines siciestceslenmseine necwlenesisece reste Expl. Blk: Hills, Pl. 7, igseXceeeesemece eae cae

SYNDOSMYA. |

muculoides’ Conrad, spico.tvecceseserctascceceesensene ses Mioc. N. J. Pl. 15, Figs: 7-0: -e-seeeseeec neem

TAPES. |

Nontanensisu whith: ity perc. vesdeecicrisessarnciie ees Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 143, Pl. 2, Figs. 1-2.

TANCREDIA. ae)

Dullbosa; Whit, ty Pesimencceseresclee cee ceceseldee sone Seeise | Peso Blk. Hills, is 6, Figs. [=32.ccsee-eocaeeee

corbuliformis Whitf., type.............ceece esses eeeees | fie 6,0 8S 5=S sa eerecere eam

PAMOLMAta: WHE bY Perens cases rceiemerceticcesmelctr acces GG OG se 6 16, SO GSE Bie eee ee eeeee eee

MOStICanVVMtl, aby PCreriececisersselar sees ecieiiemselsesvesjetes louie 66 661 S616, Caen eee

\AY elie rehoeeha hh GG 19 Lsatedanceneaneennndenconoreosoccsacde liegasels OG 6 86 6, OO SAR eee

TELLIMERA. |

Eboreay Comma dese sycawana cts alee paced sianpssiciesisn See seers | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 23, Figs: 12-13 epeenecame,

TELLINA. |

ELACH amCONTA Ces re asonsiincisslaidenisesioelecesiceie site aiacierar ; Mioc. oe J. Pl: TAT an Josncoceivesivsesavsieesalsecee

(PANG UIDUS) GeClivs4Saycert sssesss Waste sesvereneanreae 66 Figs. 4-6. csc-eseeaeesasepne!

(PERONAODERMA ) producta Com..............eeeee8 es Ve Sie ones too naQod 2

(EVLINEL UA) capilliteras Cons ...c. 000. s0ccenoee es of 66 AE BNO Lo vssedeateeeee ee

TELLINOMYA.

Nev Atal alll emsmcane aneeamaiiclslas sak ss viisie'e gisic/sas stseiejeneete | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl 1, Wigs 23200 ces= eae

INAS U CA MECN Ree Nelcts cine eaisara ioe sc «5 dys sicialelsjslainis ooh aljose’es | ‘Geol. Wis., Vol..4, Pl. 5, Big. t2-2sscceeee ee eeee

pectunculoidesmlal tyPerscnc.c...scosssvcerccscecee Pal Ohio, Wol. 2; Pl. 1; Fig.) 2400s eee sees eee

GS Ub NASU tad Qa Veer mene cietetic ess seicicsssmeesisiejneenebie | 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 191; 27th Rep., Pl. 11, Fi

TENEA.

pin SMIsM Conrad ty POrsmars cscs. sce +osceeseuaciocsenore Pal. N. J., Vol. ,.Pl--225 Figs. 1-30. eee. heeeaeme

TEREDO.

emaceratanWihittirmtypescrtcicccesscers«-lsincciostatsesene eal N.J., Nel: 1, -Pl. 30, Fig. 29e--ss-0-eeeeeee

irre Ularisa Gabby emmagmmerelcec sia se siovslecaciesesiideces “6 6 26, Higs, 18—LOpes sence

tibealissMontom encase eneccsecrecnisss ccassesceneseeesieicy ee 36 (66 26, 1 O=22 eae eerenien

THETIS. |

elrcularish Men Gcableeemceerer cree cactscs esc ccs ecleisisciaes _ Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 22-24.........s000+.

THRACIA.

suberacilisWVihittsy ty pesaesscsseessses+eseceeeecseen Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 1x, Bigs. 290—30.....-..easeee

PaSublaevisw Ne Oca bllesenen emeneememsterc nesses sien . | Expl. Blk. Hills) R155) io 345-...eance oss eae

(CoRIMYA) grinnelli Whitf., type................2++ | Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 144, Pl. 2, Figs. 6-7..

TRAPEZIUM, | ;

Bellefourchensis Whitf., type..........cscseeeeeeeeeees Expl. Black ELAS, Jal Figs. T=4 soo seseo-seaeheee

Subequalis Whit. ity pels. 2-cssse- ceceanencrencberalecses rns cs 5-8 .)....cccn stone

TRIGONARCA.

euneiformis \Courad, types. .-en-escesstessasseasosenes _ Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 12, Figs. 17-188, +: epee

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

LOcALITY.

secece

eeceee

eeeeee

eoseee

eveeee

eeccee

eoccce

aecece

eosece

WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE.

WSS Nate Muse soe) ccccessncacecs | Miocene........s0++++

Menton Nem menctenu.s sceadcsssttocs Imi@reta sya Min uasean

OG Gu | GO G6 ween eeeeee

UE SteiNat Musesc.. setae smeueescs (Oyen psa ea a agnedards

ORES SUN tar Mii sternite. seen aca Mioceneleenceneeniee

Wer se Nate Mis eee anc sekce tases Crete en ee

(WansaeNat-e Must erence Renee ase | IuaASSIC Ieee oeceees

« CG EG caine See is

66 Si Wy Wr avanste een cteicioestcalaictonise LG SRN NE Tae

CG 6G Seeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseoe | CO Aco eeh eae oe

AMON a Philouets aeaes eee, Crete Mew aioe

AMpNieSuePhily ar mate ca et | Miocene..............

65 (73 | OO eat Ree ae ais

OG CCE var ay i ch PR eo a OC epnsanosuened

CoE Dyer Collec ssrenenaeee sa ld Rivascceet ease

Wiminvne Gall bre ees oe SCM es pes bee Nien direntont yee

CUB Dyer Coll epee acetal DUG Ryne easeeeene

Wremkenappss. deciesasesnesee acne Up. Helderb........

PANDY Sly Philiccen ameter enti a 0s WCretstle Meueaee

Mrenton NGM perc eesenenee eases Eocene...............

HAIN RSE AB inillieetns eae | Cret. L. M..........

INR PaN Eas INES Late) a ao ae Cret. M. M..........

Wr SeNats i Miusiel 2 cei (CE saocoocccoceseadons

War Se Nats Musics. comenane wee Were EA ee rae eae

Wor Nats Musi. octeseneaecacce Jucassic teen ene

$6 Cee a mma DURANT Os oa th Crete erie

Wie! Sto, INES ITS Ampenn pn dab iunassicheaecesececace

ee 6¢ ce

TAIN SUP ilies ee eo Crete

| Shiloh, N. J.

| Freehold, N. J.

| Cheyenne Forks, B. H.

| Shiloh, N. J.

| Judith Riv., Montana.

| Belle Fourche Riv., B. H.

6eé ce ce

ce ce ce

| Red Water Valley, <‘

| Haddonfield, N. J.

| Shiloh, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

| Shiloh, N. J:

| Cincinnati, Ohio.

| Beloit, Wis.

| Cincinnati, Ohio.

Louisville, Ky.

Haddonfield, N. J

| Shark River, N. J.

| ? New Jersey.

Timber Creek, N. J.

Rapid Creek, B. H.

| French Creek, B. H.

| Red Water Valley, B. H.

Judith Riv., Mont.

Red Cafion Creek, B. H.

Haddonfield, N. J.

| Belle Fourche Riv., B. H.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

Name, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Lamellibranchiata — Continued.

SPONDYLUS.

inornatus Whitf., type.........sscseeesereeeeeeeeee renee

regalis MOorton........c.sssceseseceereresneeseeeeneeneeecee

6c 3

SYNCYCLONEMA.

rigidum H. & M., SP....ecceseceeeeeeecen eee eereeeeeeees

SYNDOSMYA.

nuculoides Conrad, Sp..........csseeeeseeneeeeeeeeeeeees

TAPES.

Montanensis Whitf., type...........:.seceessseereceeees

TANCREDIA.

bulbosa Whitf., Gye pees Grndetnta rs cacao:

corbuliformis Whitf.,

POSLICAMVWV NI tia Ly PCuscaesemssssses-aseveesiarekeceesiaseres

Warrenana M. & H...

TELLIMERA.

EDOLEAL CONTAC te anes ssw ecasiessnhcpecssetesenewes cesses:

TELLINA.

SLAC em On re Cleeeenanenat tense elem iaetisteer (ie seca sacle |

(ANGULUS) declivus Say............seseseeereeeeereee

(PERONAODERMA ) producta Con..............s00.0

(TELLINELLA) capillifera Con...............00cse0ee

TELLINOMYA.

sy ziteimpbl allllpenseee cscs vewssstaciarec seme s neittesswane serie

ASI Aare Mie ee ctainne satel minisintata'er sss ola litbiuiticc

pectunculoides Hall, type aahe

SAID MAS LUCA MEL LOCO WN sisctoc te sities ls pweacie“aie Suceteessoaasettc

TENEA.

LU USm CONTAC bY Des srecencseress src eseec ser aneee

TEREDO.

emacerata Whitf., type

irregularis Gabb, ‘“

tibealis Morton......... ORCC OCeREaG

THETIS.

Gineularist Mis CoE ia cecancencweveosecsnasaveedaenen teste

THRACIA.

BUberaciis VW bith ty Des sccacerseccev sty. recceceearesnes

PES D | SevIS WU OS AS acres tcercuccaeecescnrsseieiesiere c

(CorimyYA) grinnelli Whitf., type................00

TRAPEZIUM.

Bellefourchensis Whitf., type............ssseseseseeee

subequalis Whitf., type.........-+ssceeseeeseeeeeee cone

TRIGONARCA.

cuneiformis Conrad, type..........:ccscssccssceneeeneees

Mioe. N.. J; Pl. 5; Bigs. t=20..e-cseseeerecen eee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 9, Figs. 11-12...........-

6e “ce GG

Expl) Bike Efills) (Pl. 7, Bigs Te. .c:..cesee este eneeeee See emeere

Mioe. N. J), Bl. 05, Figs. 7=0......:...-<s.s0ceeseeeeebmeneetels

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 143, Pl. 2, Figs. 1-2..............

Bxpl Bike Halls Sel GS Bigs. T—3tc. snare .ecctceenmebeteectie

7 66 6é 3 6, “ce

CG GG 66 66 6, 6c

3 ce ce 3 6, ss

ce ce 6c “ec 6, 66

TANS INTs Von WONG 5 VBE elo JERE 1) aoc gccdnenods jooecoeee

Mioc. N. J., Pl.

«Figs. 4-6

Geol S Wiss, Vola Aske hos 2a spe ce see ereeeeeenen eet

Palli@hio; Voll) 25 Pl. tj) Pig 24h eee eee ree ee

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 191; 27th Rep., Pl. 11, Figs. 16-17

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl.

GG 6c “ce GG

(Ts Gs GG OG

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 22-24.........::000ddestbeeeees

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 29-30

Expl. Blk, Hills, Pl. 5, Fig. 34.......ssssssseessees

Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, p. 144, Pl. 2, Figs. 6-7

Expl. Black Hills, Pl. 5, Figs, 1—4...1.:0-/aeeee eee

se ce ce tay oe

I, Pl. 10, Figs. 1-2... *

eect eeeeee

bY el ea eee RRB BREEE Ect oc 0000 joacodced

“ GB OR IE TR a ton

GG GG ce 6é 8-10

| Pali Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. x, Fig: 23...-.:cce-1.s1 eee

22; Bigs, 1=3).....0..»-smieeeeememenins

Gfo)s UR BE ponsoognonceec.3 200500000

25, FIGS, US—LO pss eceieneeemectaeentiens

26, LO=22 2h... caemanenneneess°

Wh 'Sb INIEKia WL Sba56aonecosns00ebee000

U. S. Nat.

6c &&

(79 “ce

A. N.S.

A. Phil

‘

N.S:

CB a Dyer Colliers scccsseessesearss

Univ. Calif...

CPE yers Collieereaccneescsenseces:

Dr. Knapp....

A. N.S. Phil

pS ewNettey VEUS! syne ptaeceteseremetes

U. S. Nat. Mus..

6c GG

Wit Siw Nate Mus: 5: -scceseaeaeseaweees

ce ce

wee cee erecesesccessenes

Locatity.

Shiloh, N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

Cheyenne Forks, B. H.

Shiloh, N. J.

Judith Riy., Montana.

| Belle Fourche Riv., B. H.

“ec ce oe

‘ec

Cret

66 ce ce

3 6c

Red Water Valley,

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Atlantic City, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Beloit, Wis.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

| Louisville, Ky.

Haddonfield, N. J

Shark River, N. J.

? New Jersey.

Timber Creek, N. J.

Rapid Creek, B. H.

French Creek, B. H.

Red Water Valley, B. H.

Judith Riv., Mont.

Belle Fourche Riv., B. H.

Red Cajion Creek, B. H.

Haddonfield, N. J.

see

Cowes

Me pusie Aten SS neiseere:

OO cao yt wat, Ter aa

i “Lar q

Terrier cane

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata— (ontinued.

‘TRIGONIA ,— Continued, |

cerulea Whitf., type..........ccceeeee reece cree seeeeeeeeees | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 14, Fig. 7.......-sssesseee ye

Eufaculensis Gabb......... ccc cee eceseer ee ee ecene eee seanees ae “s <6” Figs. I-4......+.0.--o= ene

Mortoni Whitf., type...........csceeeeeceeeeeeeseeeereee | ee se 66 66. BOs Visecnccss eee

quadrangularis H. & W., type.......ceesseeeeeeeeeeee | goth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 22......-00. Bi

UNIO.

AleENGaS, IU GE pe suaboaauecdnnccoicescousnapadasoaa Goo GOSOLe | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 33, Figs. 3-4.......--sssseupm

fs GG We nye BabochonaadpacoroteooododaesanaaDDSDSHC G6 GC GOS y MEN 20s (Saeco aocacoones 2s: :

cariosoides Lea, type...........seeeeee Udaasastetoesneane | UG sg DEE Ye CORR ce osccncacons=:- i

humerosoides Lea, type. .........- ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenee | Gls OS Coe pe laonodoonosecos:

ligamentoides Lea, type.......:sceeeeseseeeeeee eee eeees gs gs (0°21, (Ste Wepeeesecee-eeaae

a6 eICKPEIG.O gt. COL Ene nai i Yat, Ce Deir teers os | 66 6 66 39. 66 4 ee

nasutoides Lea, type...........sceseeseeecerecsceeeeeees | Ob es 6¢ 34; Figs. 4—5.20.0.cs-=eeme

preeanadontoides Whitf., type........:ssseseeeeseeees | ae sé <¢ 31, Bigs 2 .eeeaeeee eee

Madi AtOldesmUCaemenseeererioneerncsscieste seine cesisieces | ce 05 <6 34, Figs. 1=3s2:----o--eeae

Tectoides Whitf., type..........02.5 sscsssssteoseereereers | UG 66 66 33, 66 peo

Roanokoides Lea, type........:.sssseseeseeeeeeeeeeeere | Gt oe 6620, Bigs Gic.-ccesesee eee

es eg COT ie pots ant seccneonecTccd “ic 3G ‘6 33, Figs. [=2:0-...cem ib.

ob CESS BEE Tans Conca cuuitic ea can aidecs | Ge 36 PY oe caely PPM &

subrotundoides Lea, type...........ceseeeeeee rete teens | es ss Me VP RESO SGocSSOCOS: |

VELEPA. |

zequilatera Whitf., type........-s:eeeeeeeeeeeeceereeenees | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 30, Fig. 17.....-.....---20amn

lintea Conrad, type..........eececeeececeeeeceeeceeeeeeees | OG OG ‘¢ 23, Figs. 18-21.......-.0smn

masuta Whit, type..........scceceeecessceeerereeeeeees wa “s gs 60 28. igs 23ee.sc-seeee eee k

tellinoides, Whitf., type..........eceeseeeeeeeeeee sees | Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 23, Fig. 23%...2..0-. sae

transversa ‘°° CRM ne PEG A ss s'ecjvcicisiesieiese cleisiers eat ss 66D, - 08 23) ee

VENIELLA. |

Conradi Morton...........++: Meese sins awoaneclesse une ves coo og, Pl. 19, Figs. 8=10::.-sam

decisa GG. LescbidoouneoosSecodbEUbar end acecsaneK: ees cco se og, ** XQ) Figs. 15 =20..- oan f

elevata Conrad, type.......scscsecscee coeceeereceeeeees Wie JAGe seg, 6S rQ, Figs. 6=7 .....:.--5an

MEETING Wily @2 Tetseeoqdossececoosonesodeaocsscorcsaconce | Expl. Blk. Hills, ‘* 10, Figs. 7-13.......-ses0+ fs

amflata mM CONTACS: Ly PErscr oc occcesasesesecssseeanecaeeoes Pal. N. J: Voli 2, S10) Bigsi4 [5 eee eee: ,

rhomboidea Conrad, type.......csceesee ceeeeeneeeeeees po ougs 66 66, 68285 Keo eeee eee

subovalis és CM eee scccicisscssiscssesiccscsssesee < 66 66~ STS SEOs SS) = 2 eee ee

trapezoidea ‘‘ OG poacecadoogBobp EEE poapTandcon lies eh me Piet Ko pl Ne koonasccconccotls :

trigona Gabb, type.......cesceseeseeceeeeeeeeeee eee eeees gs Leer meer ecm rey GO iii)

VENUS.

WDucatelil Contra dspecsseseeecece se se ccescd=scosc sees sennns Mioc. N. J., Pl. 11, Figs. 1-7 .....:.ssee-eeeeeeeeo eee

(ARTEMIS) staminea Conrad, Sp......-..+00-seeeeee es GON tee GCSES Geopoandcosre 2080 ea) F

«6 ‘ Go. CGR ae TUS PMCONCSES 2s oot

VETOCARDIA. |

crenulirata Conrad, type.......2.sseeeeeeeceeeee eens eee Pal, N. J., Vol. 1, Pl. 18, Figs. 5-7 .........s00

VOLA.

Humphreysi Conrad, ..........:1eesseee esses seesseeeees | Mioc. N J., Pl. 4, Figs. 6-9.....-..:seseseeeeseeees

VOLSELLA. |

pertenuis M. & Ho....... ceseeeeeeeeeeeeee eter eeenee es | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs 13-14.......++++++e i

(MoproLa) formosa M. & H........eseeeseeeeeeeereens [ernie ancé co PING. Big. 15 :.--ccsaaeeeeoeceees 4.

YOLDIA. |

Evansi M. & Ha......ccceececeneeee eee eteeeeee recone ces | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Bigs. I=2scsceseqsseees |

limatula Say.............ssccecescnecereeeecseee enceeeeees | Mioc. N. J., Pl. 7, Figs. L1-12.......--s0e+-+-220 B

? valvulus H. & W., type..........sccceceescecceeeeees | 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 190; 27th Rept., HIS LE;

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

MrentonyNe Wee... BonsascsuooDOHG |

AeeNe os hile cadlirentonsc..-csec

ec ere eee cc ceeserceesee

wee cee see cee es eer eeeene

MBrentomssiNey jeoeiecscmer ser sceninse

J. C. Lewis, Germantown, Pa....

Mrentons Nea) esesesseciseteeces see

GC OOo HE SSO BODE TB OCSCCEOT Soros

AVSNE

(c9 6e¢

eet cece ee eee cer esessscse

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bweatweves ING |egosscnodasaccoedodooosa

Ave Ne Seal onl ees sngsuesbossdecebsaees

RuteersiCollegemersnnecennescee se:

plixenitome Niailineucccasdieclscs sections

ce 6eé

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eee ee sees tascoorcereeses

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renton, N.

. N.S. Phil

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a“

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S Ceerceseccecctcccccscescees

Crete Mies

OG Bes Ee anes Nee ES

GG Cor ete aeeere

MrassicMeeeessesstes

Grete ieee nue

GG Dini sae etwratsns

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ee ecccccee

e eseccccce

ecceescccces

ecceeccescos

eoeccercccce

eoccccececce

@ececccecccceve

Holmdel, N. J.

Red Bank and Long Branch, N. J.

Freehold & Holmdel, N. J.

Como, Wy.

Fish House, N. J.

‘

ce 6eé

6eé Ce

6¢ eo

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e¢ ceé

ce ce

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Shark River, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

New Egypt, N. J.

| Marlborough, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J., and Eufaula, Ala.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Burlington Co, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Monmouth Co , N. J.

Jericho, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

South Carolina.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Spear Fish Creek, B. H.

Big Horn Mts.

Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

Shiloh, N. J.

Near Louisville, Ky.

(166)

WHITFIELD :

LIST OF FOSSILS.

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.

(166)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Lamellibranchiata— (ontinued.

“TRIGONIA ,— Continued.

cerulea Whitf., tyPe............ceeceeceeeeeseesereaeeeenes

Eufaculensis Gabb...........:eccescssesseeeceereeeesecnees

Mortoni Whitf., type..........ccsssseeeseneeeee see eeeees

quadrangularis H. & W.,

Unio.

BIEROTEIES THEE ans posponsnu6000od nebo sonuesonH5000 00000000

“e ce

Cariosoides Lea, type........:scseeeeeesereeeeneeeeceeees

humerosoides Lea, type

Heemenioules WEG El, 15 7)0) SosaganconoaocEda6n05a00I909000500

ce OE

Masutoides) Wea; ityPescsecesr-coseeserucencsscesmseesese

preeanadontoides Whitf.,

RAC YALOI CES keds meuemsccsenamsinrtrs esses varitasier sare tess

ECLOIMe SMU Uti ays by PO rentsck sta eecieerecersncisseraee elses

Roeinelieyteles Lea, {5770 Bocano0000 o850600N0000000000000000

cc “cc

eee ee eeeeeee st cesecceceeessenee

(73 “ce 3

subrotundoides Lea, type

VELEDA.

zequilatera Whitf., type

liitealConrad Gy pes. sseesseussncrsssesccesassessoecenseee

RTA Stam VEN Cheb Pere enmnaaeisiestcrecisasreisnesesiesie-iee--iecis

tellinoides, Whitf., type

transversa ‘‘

VENIELLA.

Conradi Morton.............! pnainoa ad BSpIbONAGTOaDOO5R00C00

decisa Gy

elevata Conrad, type

humilis M. & H.............

inflata Conrad, type........

thomboidea Conrad, type...

subovalis BC

trapezoidea ‘ we

trigona Gabb, type

VENUS.

6c G

PET ScaR SrA:

crenulirata Conrad, type

Vola.

Humphreysi Conrad,

VOLSELLA.

PEKLCUMISUM ROG MEO se avechocgesi sess sn esshanessesneccds

(Movio1LA) formosa M. & H

YOLDIA.

Evansi M. & H

Mimmat lay Sa yee neues: ccdcactssatsccecbsnseccvexs, esseveists

? valvulus H. & W.,

Senne eee cee t sence sseaeensteesenecsscesees

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

| Pal, Nhe Ts; Vol. I, Plog, Hign 7eespereecenent cinta. Seema

“Figs. 1-4

(73 a3 GG GG

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, Pl.

33, Figs. 3-4

6c ‘ 34, Fig. 6

ce oe ce 32, ce

“ce ce ce 31, ee 4

oe 6e tay gi; ce I

“ee ind ce 32, ce 4

) Pal. N. Ji, Vol. 2, Pl. 30), igs 7acescesserseeeec es aes

GG “¢ ‘* 23, Figs. 18-21

&¢ GG (6-285 Fig 23)asceseenrenentin

Bale NEw )s5) VOlemstsy ble 293s bic 2 2 teee sees ena

BG cee a 88 23, 88 22 ce cers eee

GG cc 1; Pl. t0; Figs. 8-10.....:saeasteearee

OG EE 1S £19, Figs: 1510.5, ascseaeeremeeene

ce GG “ec I, GG Ig, Figs. 6-7

Expl. Blk. Hills, ‘‘ 10, Figs. 7-13

Pal. N. J., Vol. 1, ‘‘19, Figs. 4-5...... BP nabs

OG GO" a6 Ty 628, “1 2=13) hens eee

ce I,

“ce its

STO, SO Bees

., Pl. 11, Figs. 1-7

BD 2 S5)

6c be 66 13, “ 6-10

Pale N: Js, Voll 15, Plb 18) Bigsh 527) 2s tece steerer

NiDROYe, INT Yay 1G 7 Je, (6=0)y-agonecansoapnebdnancocccn coecscnce

Basel Blk. Hills, Pl. 5, Figs 13-14........ssssseresceneeeeees

G 66 Pl. 5, Big. U5 c.ccecse0ece coo nns(eaceemeoaengen™

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 11, Figs. 1-2

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 7, Figs. LIFI2......c5scresn sens

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 190; 27th Rept., Pl. 18, Figs. 18-20

MRYENtOMsNe iisvenoceceiecssecsessneax

A. N.S. Phil. & Trenton

PPRNISSRSBHT scsi lakersteigceee-ese

£6 CoD er toctaceaclsestdeticwcsee

GG 6 coe eat eS

sDrenton ym New| pecensemnes se esiancs

J. C. Lewis, Germantown, Pa....

axentonss Newi|messameesseeencere ssc

ini oe

Bdy IN So. 1B ett esocscacacanoodasoceseos

« oe

ci TERE ae oe

pixenton;\ Niw|igsersvcccsserescdaseees

JANGAIS Rb) 5101 Geena cr accee RC OSee ee oS

Rutgers College.............s.00000

girentonswNin|qesscsecsnercensss-ses

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GG 6 66 “ce

Aen

A. N.S. Phil

eee ecceeeseccsesecces

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Cret. L. M

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Jurassic

Gretisi2” aeesvneccews

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Gretna. Minis

Cratis Wo IWMonasasaon

Creth Ls. Me ecossece

“e ce 6

a eecesceesccens

Up. Helderb........

Holmdel, N. J.

Red Bank and Long Branch, N. J.

Freehold & Holmdel, N. J.

Como, Wy.

Fish House, N. J.

“ec

“cc

“cc “ec

TG oe

6c 6c

ce “6

ce ce

cc 6“

ce “c

i} ce “ce

| “ 73

oc 6c

“cc ce

cc ce

| Shark River, N. J.

| Haddonfield, N. J.

New Egypt, N. J.

Marlborough, N. J.

ee ce

Holmdel, N. J., and Eufaula, Ala.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Burlington Co, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Monmouth Co, N. J.

Jericho, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

South Carolina.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Spear Fish Creek, B. H.

Big Horn Mts.

Old Woman’s Fork, B. H.

Shiloh, N. J.

Near Louisville, Ky.

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WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

GASTEROPODA.

ACTON.

Cretacea Gabb, type

Forbesiana Whitt. PE

Gabbana 80

prisca Conrad, sp

Shilohensis Whit. type

subovoides ‘

AKERA.

CLANS-OLYZA, WIth: it VPCncsccnieseinseassssireeacseeeeses

ALARIA.

rostrata Morton, =P

wo ceo eeet es eoeeeeres eevee sesecsore

ee a

Se ee ry

sere reo reese s cesar er seessorsseseseeresees

peewee cece weer e sere cesereeesesece

Pewee e een ec esesecessesssevessece

Pee ee merce er cceserececeseseseresesesee

AMAUROPSIS.

Meekana Whitf., type

paludiniformis H. & M

punctata Gabb, type........0...ceiecceecesereceeeeeeres

AMYCLA.

COMMUNISCOnLAd saacceareesemuees deve ccc sleet secs |

ANCHURA.

abrupta Con.

abrupta var. acutispira Whitf., type.........eceseseee |

arenaria Mort., sp., type

pagodiformis Whit. type

pennata Mort

Solitaria, WWMIth eeaacesci shel eeiisee eins seuss ci cuessiorsieines |

? sublevis M. & H

(DRAPANOCHILUS ) COMDIESE Ww sa, Dae

eee e re ee ec et see ere access teeeeeeney

Fee w ee cece eer eet cece ceseseessesssssesesesses

see e eee e ene seeeesesesesesesccee

eee

Cree eee ee reer eases scese sar eesesserssessosseseee

eee ee reece eee cere ese esses eesasesecens

Se ccccce

aeioacncte ets Gh. Anan

ANGUINELLA.

Wiroimiana COM icrscncscwcrsessscine+cssesccaeccecereesses

ANISOMYON.

alveolus M. & H

borealis Mort., sp...... Frere eee ae oietlo nals ctscin ate ete inteareats |

patelliformis M. & H

subovatus M. & H

ANTHRACOPUPA.

Ohioensis Whitf.,

APPORHAIS.

(GONIOCHEILA ) castorensis Whitf., type

Meeki Whitf., type

Newberryi Meek

ARCHITECTONICA. |

annosa Con

AVELLANA.

bullata Mort.,

BELLEROPHON.

alternodosus Whitf., type

te meee cece ens ccereseeeeesene

eM wcc eres ere rose re eeeesereseseesscsesssen

ee nec c cece se teres eect are eesesessseee

eee cece cers eer cereeseserseees ceseseses

type

eee e eee teeter cess sees eenees tosses

coer eeeeee

Pe meee cece recesses eseeseeresesseseee

ee emcee eee rece erase eee ereeeesaseesasene

eee meee rere meee eeeeserasasesssere teseseesesssese

TYPO. rc cecccccccccceeceecceeensseteeeesees

see eee eee em senseeseeeeeesseee

| Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 19, Figs.

ce eé ce

| Mioc. N. J., Pl. 24, Figs. 15-17

| Mioc. N. J., Pl. 19, Figs. 12-15

Hel aN J; Vee PIE 14 Figs.. 13h saseeseeeeee

Rig. qiaeensscnes ooceeee

at ge ag ce €6 AO scese nee. eee

BG a BG (Figs, a5=1Gses eee

6 ‘ é uC ee 7-8 .2c5. see

ue 6 ok Rig or

| neers Blk. Halls; Pl. 12, “<> (0)2eteeeeeeeeeeeeeee

PalssINewyiss Vor 2, eh 33, Figs. 22=230zeseeseseeene

66 24-25 oes

| Expl Blk. Hills, Pl. 42, Figs) 2-25. sceceseeeeeeeeee

| Mioc. N. J.; Pl 24; Figs) 125 ::-s-eee ee

| Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Fig. 20.....c.csssssseeceeen

<f Figs. 21-23-02. .sceeeeers

a Ge os ge 66 17-18-22 noe ee

‘< “ ‘ ce f° Qi. cgscseee= eee

| N. VY. A: Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Bigs s05=07/s.scseeee

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12;. Fig. fosccsscers--c-cseee

“ “ “ ‘ £6 Bh sebeccttn ss. oe

ab GG GG ce SO AW sip necen cess <<a eee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2; Pla345 Bigs. 23-27 <.ceseesaaeae

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2; Bl-20; Figs. I=a5.-sce-cesseateee

| N.Y. A. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Figs. 17=19...-.s0016

Bowe

ce ce ce

cé ce ce

seer eec ree ccesereces:

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 19; Figs: 14=107-c:0. seceer

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Figs 25-ceesecsseeeee eee j

Fale XN ley Mol. De ae 14, Fig. 5 Jasiesee eesicoeeeeend

* pe ceec cesses ose cose:

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 16, Figs. 22-25......02.--s.

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Fig. 16

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 16, Figs. 17-21

see eeececeasccsee seeee

eee neesesesce

GASTEROPODA,

(167)

WHERE LOCATED.

| GEOLOGICAL AGE. |

LOCALITY.

PAVEIN HONS sete eerie le snlccica\e's'e classe

iRenlwexerds (COMMS, soe abnescos0ocds40060C |

WS IN IMIRGS aes Ae ane sicesbode

FAM Nir Sombie sone ame oktetnees

eee eens see escccccccee

ce “ce ce

eee eee e sees ees seescscs

Se mene iii)

Columbian Collegerssssscsseesetee.

Ratigiensi College crwatsssseenseee ne

WES See Nate Mis) iiss, seceececes

US: Nat) Musii8: Tar eon Beet ices

Wat Seats Mustesstsas. vossvoe esses

“ee 6c ee

st peeeceee seesceess

eé ee ce

ce oe ce

tt eeceecc es coccceres

oe ee 66

Fer eeeespcecesceseve

es eccceceseecsccosce

et pee ee ec es a eeceecescosccs

sec ce recess sesecscesees

| KOiwetis IL, IWS cocneéeoc |

See)

ln Witocenerinpeesseeeeee

(Grete ulbeuMicetesecs

| Cret. L. M

ss eeeceees

* seecosese

s peccccece

sw eeeeeeee

ew eeccceas

Whe cer eeercececcce

Cecesescsccsccccces

ee ceeecesceseseece

seecesececccescces

eeecerececcccccece

eccseoecesccesecce

cece eeesscccccsccs

_ Crosswicks, N. J.

| Mullica Hill, N. J.

| Trenton Falls, N. J.

| Shark River, N. J.

| Shiloh, N. J.

| Mullica Hiil, N. J.

French Creek, B. H.

| Holmdel, N. J.

| Haddonfield, N J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

| Box Elder Creek, Blk. Hills.

| Mullica Hill, N. J.

| Shiloh, N. J.

Burlington, N, J.

| New Jersey.

Monmouth Co., N. J.

_ Holmdel, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Box Elder Creek, Blk. Hills.

Freehold, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

Jericho, N. J.

Old Woman’s Fork, Blk. Hills.

Cheyenne Riv., Black Hills.

Old Woman’s Fork, Black Hills.

oe ce ee

| Near Marietta, Ohio.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

Cheyenne Riv., Blk. Hills.

Rio de la Platte, Blk. Hills,

Shark River, N, J.

—., New Jersey.

Newtonville, Ohio.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

GASTEROPODA,

(167)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LocaLity.

GASTEROPODA.

ACTON.

Cretacea Gabb, type .....sccece ceeeeenee teeeeeeeeeeees |

Forbesiana Whitf., type........csseeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeens

Gabbana Ob OG

prisca Comrad, Sp......cseeeeeesseeecenereeseeeeeneerenees

Shilohensis Whitf., type........:.cecceeeeeneeeeeeesneees

“cc 6c Habe

subovoides

AKERA.

glans-oryza Whitf., type.......0-2+seeeeeeeesseeeeeeeeees |

ALARIA.

rostrata Morton, sp

ce ee

AMAUROPSIS.

Meekana Whitf., type...........cseccesecseeceeseeeeeeeny

paludiniformis H. & M...

punctata Gabb, type......sssereseeecessseeeerseeceeerees

AMYCLA.

COMMMUNIS CONTAC een os-ecascewerscseessoceesieereasiecise.

ANCHURA.

Mea) COM WP nccsssssseeserrsreesevsnsceaeinassessrs cons

abrupta vay. acutispira Whitf., type................--

arenaria Mort., Sp., tyP€......0.scsesseesesseerscceeceees

pagodiformis Whitf., type..........:sseeseeseeeee terres

SOMATA Olt aneemecnecesssbnctaacaheatecenessrec(se.seei-s

solitaria Whitf............2+-2ssee0e-

? Slolbayms Wik, W2"16 1, oasspocecoedn cepen doce SoCoDBeAeeseEn

(DRAPANOCHILUS) compressa Whitf., type........

“ce iad oe

nebrascensis Ev. & Sh., Sp....cccsseeccsesesseesenseers

ANGUINELLA.

Ware maa COM essecsesneenecseresstresrarserceuaresscesr

ANISOMYON.

BV EOUIS HIER OS VEL saan sine inten scenes cesacewel'saepeseaes eg

borealis Mort., sp

patelliformis M. & He. .......cesesseecereeseeseeeeneees

BUDOV ALIS Vs GC Ul. s.corsssnesascsnsco race cases covensess

ANTHRACOPUPA.

M@bioensis Wihith., ty Per. ..con-orccsjececceeescesrer cesses

APPORHAIS.

(GONIOCHEILA ) castorensis Whitf., type

VISE ities BY PCicierscscssscenccesenteceensssccssoe

iNew berry) Meek sc. secsersensccsssseecsesdceseressesers

ARCHITECTONICA.

PATLNIOS Ay COM estes vciesio idan sScaleteinsaises's socleissseesesencees

AVELLANA,

bullataw Morte ty Perenncsssssseccasssssecerueresessr asec

BELLEROPHON.

alternodosus Whitf., type...........0seseseeeeeneeeeeee

oe ce ce ce

36, ‘¢

Mioes No Ji, Pl 24, Figs. 15—17-2.21...0.0steneeeeeeeneeee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 19, Figs. 14-16.............. pd 3599

tc ‘é cc

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Fig. 25

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 14, Fig. 5

ce ce (73 ce 6

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 16, Figs. 22-25

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Fig. 16...........

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 16, Figs. 17-21

Mioc: N. J., Pl. 19, Figs, 12=5 ....c.scssesccesecseseoeperenee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 14, Figs.

ee ce ee ce Fig.

6c 6c GG 6c ce

GG “cc 6c 6c Figs

é T3 GG CG “

| GG iG GG ce Fig.

| Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, ‘“<

Pal. IN. J).,, Viol. 2; Pl 035 Bigs: 22-230... on. .sseseuesteeneee

GG ei “s OG ZAR 25 wan ein ev atolls isaipte beams

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. £2, Figs. 2-3........00.00secesceserese

Mioc! (Ni Jia, RIS 245 UF igs! L=Svicceecssa-.+eenseeecee een teemerte

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Fig. 20.......0:.e:ssessesens fc

as oS fe fe JON 2 Fee son aooguaqnacscosonacce

73 ce 6c 6é ce 17-18... e

OG es GY ee se TQ... ceeccerccescsnsssecsencnes

N. Y. A. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Figs. 15-17......... eines

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12), Figs d....00...:-..

ce 6c OG 3 6c

Fall IN: Ji, Volt 2) Pll34, Bigs) 23=27/.0:...0.scsseaeieesmeet

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 20, Figs. 1-4........ssscsecceereeoonse

N. Y. A. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Figs. 17—19.+--..sc00+ «s000.-

Rutgers College.................000+

Ia P RS ocr es cwensscedece sees sees

Rnitexsi Collec emeneessraenerese ses

(Ore SeeNiateMlisieewrcayresl aeecmecus |

PAREN Sst DI caine sssecedceaevevcve |

cc iG 6c

Columbia College...............2++

ISTE, (COUEEE socosoouccncnancoonor

WES), INKS WS recom Scosnoceacee

(Wie SsaNatjoMiusteseansrescteeecccce.

tt cece weet eescccene

(Citefis IU. We sesogecice

Miocene. ...........

Crete Mes. Beas |

(GiGig 1g WS aeoeeoone

Gretascacscuescsecces

Grete

Miocene.,...........

Gretolis Mi caicces.

Gls Choe pte aetaas

OG EOD ep eeeenttes

OG EG epee:

GG CR en ad ie

Gretitistncsaseetene:

Cret. L. M.........

“ce ce

Cret sy cccesttidedvesuee

Miocene.............

Chester ..,.....0.000+

Crosswicks, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

| Trenton Falls, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

| French Creek, B. H.

| Holmdel, N. J.

Haddonfield, N J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Box Elder Creek, Blk. Hills.

| Mullica Hill, N. J.

| Shiloh, N, J.

| Burlington, N., J.

New Jersey.

ee ee

Monmouth Co., N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Box Elder Creek, Blk. Hills.

Freehold, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

Jericho, N. J.

Old Woman’s Fork, Blk. Hills.

Cheyenne Riv., Black Hills.

Old Woman’s Fork, Black Hills.

“e “ce oe

Near Marietta, Ohio.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

Cheyenne Riv., Blk. Hills.

Rio de la Platte, Blk. Hills,

Shark River, N. J.

——, New Jersey.

Newtonville, Ohio.

; Hered iz Y ee

a ee res

c Mw 4

om ales as

WHI TFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES..

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda— Continued.

BELLEROPHON— Continued.

antiquatus Whitf., type.........----seeeeeeeeseeeeee ees

bilabiatus W. & Whitf.,

Neleus H. & W., type... ..ccscccscercosessesencenensee

perelegans W. & ’Whitf., (Boles toncosocopeaonongudoooK

Sully ceva Sipidiall Were ce aneee closes teriecicicicstaiacs siesta

vinculatus W. & Whitf., type....... 2... cess eee ee eee

Wisconsinensis Whitf., type........scccesccseccseseees

BUCANIA.

Devonica H. & W.,

BucanIA (TREMANOTUS).

Buelli Whitf., type

Buccinopsis.

variabilis Whitf., type.........ccscesececeseeeeeeeseneees

BULLA.

conica Whitf., type.

Morton WyelliScOrDeSy.cccucwsesteseces-seeea-ecrieaeae

66 66

wee eee reser scececeese seen ssesesee

eee mee carer eres csvecrestsseeeesenses

eevee ecercesccensreccsseoeensesecees

BUSYCON.

CaUTicavluinmassSPrmssecssoecccseoreser slacsasectssacececis

scalarispira Comrad...........ssscocserssreseccescesonconce

CALYPTROPHORUS.

Mavelatus: Comradmacecosscrtcjssiicciieesiclecielrisiesssseelseiveneise nies

(a3 ce

Pere ee ccecse serves rscceseresesesssesesesssese

CANCELLARIA.

Altern atam CONTACE Ase etaaceasieseae cued sas esetoee sle'sletyactee

HUGS MANUS b YP Caen ssnetstelsicis/nioaeisjonciaclaiseisesiesaieiaciees

(Merica) subalata Conrad, type.........0. sepeeees

CANTHARIS.

Cumberlandiana Gabb, type..........0...seseeseeeeees

CARICELLA.

ponderosa Whitf., tyPe..........sesssscesosenseecrecnees

plicata Whitf.,

™ pyruloides Conrad,..............+4 JonossodcocbaondodeHd6

6eé 6eé

CASSIDARIA.

GaLin ata elecarmyme sine atirecee hiesicc on seis siee cieicls welac'eistniiie sicicle

CAVOSCALA.

aAnnulatay Ort |SPst..cssescisccessennsccecsaseaesecessenes

CERITHIUM.

vinctum Whitf., type ........ccccccscecceeresceecsceeees

CITHARA.

crosswickensis Whitf., type .........sceceeseseseeeees

Mullicaensis Whitf., type........c0:.ceceeeeeeeeeteeeees

CINULIA.

(OLIGOPTYCHA) naticoides Gabb............seseeeeee

e “cc

Pee ee eee tenses eee r se eeeeeetusesessserene

Geol. Rept. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 13-14....

Proc. Bost. S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 304... ............

40th Paral. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs. 18-20.....

Proe., Bost. 8. N: H., Vol.(8) p:304)-2 eee

N. Y. A. Sci.,-Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Figs. 20=21 eum

Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 304.........008

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 15-16.............

24th Rept. Si. Cab., p. 195; 27th Rept., Pl.

LB] se isgecesenesenieecrestscsee at

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 12=14..2---ceeeem

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 175: Figs: 13-18.....cs05--+-cesee

Fall N. by Wel: 2, Pl. 23, Figs./12=13.2.-..s.-eem

ae 6 20, “8 (OS

“s $s $f 62°20). 9289 1@ Scememeceete eee eee

| Mice. N. sls. Pl:. 18, . Fig.l. ciiadacnes seen eee

(17, FigSTIH12. 2 c.cccesss- shee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 33, Figs. 23=25........s0s

“ OG Gc 66°92) 4 26227 ee

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 20,-Figs. 5=2O.... 5. .ce.2se--0--eoem

Pal. N. Je Vol. 25 Pl. 33, Figs. 1—2.22.c-5<-eseaan

6G 6 12,9 “24-2 hese

Mioc. N. J:,-Pl. 17, Figs. 3=6.-.-.c-c:seese ss see

Pal. 2Nies Vol. 2, Et 20, Figs. 7—S.csces-c-2 see

ag 66 $23, TS2 ieee ee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2. PI. 29; {°° SIS ieee eee

G6 ee 66) 20, Figs (6 .cececccss eee

ec GG ‘© 34) Figs. 18=22)).2..-ceeee

66 aC 66 22 AS) T= 15.) ee Je

| Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 5.... 00m

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, PE 13, Figs. 7-8) )ie---cea

EC 66 33, °© 2°60. eee

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 19, Figs. 28-209) {ieee

Ig, Fig. 30

GASTEROPODA.

(168)

WHERE LOCATED.

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

igs.

Wits Sie" Coll esscoacdaodacanseaceeasa

AN IE TN EN laces aera a pee ret |

Ws |S. INET IN GG eeaeneacpanadcanseede

AXA NIN Salo gs On one ee Le |

JOYE, JOEY S; cooocobodadcans 4o0d00000850

WnivenCallafetecsce sta ccsts ct ete aes

Rute enss College esesicrareisnlsjecioiser

Columbian Collecerresssccescccess see

Jy JNla Sip 2201 beeocaptqncdacaducoesasen

ReteerssCollesetpeesaeccnee anes

We Ss NEG WIG seecsoca66e aitiales eis

PAG aN Ie Ne miles seis Vcleiaciae setesisenies

(Wo So INES INIED pean aoaangcocosudeda

Raitsersi College cea. cosoonec ace

Pe N PE Sty bhi ttecncdcccesececest

Pe ee erer cree ssccesseoce

Pec cce cee ecerccccesecsce

eee eveseesocseeccescccc”

ENE S35 PDI; .o.scetereecenmenescee:

ames@ivallye iy eiscecccaeeeeee eau

Trenton, N. J.

ce ee

sec ceecceccescescecn-

Columbia College

Rutgers College

Rotsdamaeesnereeees

Wraverlyresee-acecs:

Devonian............

Wiavienly/nereecse sets

le@hesternussseucesesece

ln Viawrerliy7elersece cscs

Mrentoneceesccseee

Wipe blelderbysnra.

direntonerseeeeeuees

Peeeeeccccsce

eee erccccesccee

wecescvecscscce

weocccoesccsccee

eocce:

eeececscecee

e@cccoccce

Osceola Mills, Wis.

Burlington, Iowa.

White Pine, Nev

Burlington, Ia.

| Newtonville, Ohio,

Burlington, Ia,

Beloit, Wis.

Louisville, Ky.

Beloit, Wis.

Cape May, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

? ING Ie

Heisterville, N. J.

Jericho, N. J,

Shark River, N. J.

Claiborne, Ala.

Shiloh, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Farmingdale, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Claiborne, Ala.

Shark River, N. J.

Timber Creek, N. J.

Vicksburg, Miss.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Monmouth, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

WHI TFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. GASTEROPODA

, ; (168)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LocaTED. | GroLocicar, AGE fas sop z

s . ITY.

Gasteropoda—Con/inued. ae 3 . =

BELLEROPHON— Continued.

antiquatus Whitf., type.....secceeeeeeeeerneseeeeaeeeees Geol. Rept. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 13-14.............

bilabiatus W. & Whitf., YPC... seeceeerseneeeerereeers Proc. Bost. S. N. H., Vel. 8, p. Ae Sait oo ae Fotsdem, atsare ss Osceola Mills, Wis.

Neleus H. & W., type.....ssscsccessceccrneeeseeeenens 4oth Paral. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs. 18-20................ | eee Pier pe coo Burlington, Towa.

perelezans W. & Whith, type-s-scssssseceeoseseeree Proc. Bost. S. N. H., Vol. 8, ps 304.+.seresesssuesestntersss A. M.N. 4H... Wests umes White Pine, Nev

sublavis Hall.......-. idle recat eceate et IN, ¥..A\Sci., Vol: 5, Pl. 14, Figs, 20-20 ee Univ. Cy Oe Raa arrears Mewinans Rae ee,

vinculatus W. & Whitf., type...........ssseeseeeereee Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 304........0-..+ eiaerasais PMN TENT ec Wiavedliind me: ewtonville, Ohio.

Wisconsinensis Whitf., tyPe.......ssseseererseceereees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 15-16..........csecesseeeeeee Univ. Galies.. We oc. nee entitee Writ Burlington, Ia,

sii, oe ES a —=— | lll| rl AMC Banseecsnecn Beloit, Wis.

Devonica H. & W., type....cssccsccsseeenecrsereeeeene 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 195; 27th Rept., Pl. 13, Figs.

1131 7. 5p nqonacanaansGnd00" naa DUO VOSBCBOEOD LOOSSCeOpANIALNITE 99050 Dr. Knapp................ isvi c

Bucania (TREMANOTUS). PP + sseseeveescecessecseneeceee Up. Helderb....... Louisville, Ky. 3

Buelli Whitf., type .......ssccssseccnseeeeteeseeeseeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 12-14..............0+ Univ. Cal’f i i

pene <i Sle ntOnemeceenseeey Beloit, Wis.

variabilis Whitf., type.........sesccseeseeeceneeneeeneees Mioc) Ni Ji, Pls 175 Bigsw 13=1Sitccessceresseceeeaenes Rutgers: Coll i

BLA. ’ ach gerss College ie ccesumecese eles Micceneneeeessmtes Cape May, N. J.

conica Whitf., type. .......cccssecescescensensenceeeeens Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 23, Figs. 12-13......... i or

Mortoni Lyell & Forbes d ty maine BS ie 7- we oe Cloeiedloe Coble © Shark River, N. J.

H ds Wo 9 @ eh a9, 9. MEN GeBhil seciece Vina

re OEE eee ? N, J.

Gaurica Linn,, SP.-.--..s.0ccssscceceasteacseosroserassess Mioc. Neji, RIL 18) Bigs Lice scso.ccetecoesseoee i i 4

sealarispira Conrad ei ay, Bigs Tiara. ce gM GE aig ae Sais pgs Heisterille, NJ

CALYPTROPHORUS. OnG00K"» ncagoopedg: |. Ae Aeacusanoodca Jericho, N. J,

\ Welatus Canes PED OUSIDIOOORFODEE Genoa COCOPEELECORCRECE SET? Galt N. J. Viele 2, aa 33, JN 23 25 .cssssescoopareneenens Rutgers Pollese Ro vonstoncnshereesees Eocene Shark River, N. J

sci) | 33» 20-27 ssc eeseenceeeerenseeens PAWIMG ING VEL. J ccduaatstiasossoeseasece Gee ceaaesececaees Claiborne, Ala.

alternata Conrad.......ss.ssssecesserarscccsceenecsscsones Mioc. N. J., Pl. 20, Figs. 5-10 U.S. N

5 ING Yan LL, ao, + SoTO. ss seersesecesseseereerseeeenee Gimea Nate MUSen oscseeemisesene tess Miocene..... Shi

pais Saeco SSun00 ae RaleNiy Jey Vols 2) Pl 33) Bigs: I—2)ecremenn sss bemteemetremmcr Werndieegssas) (Cro E25 cooooancanancnocoocn Beceiie a bas Shank Riv 7 N.

(Merica) subalata Conrad, type.........++ sereeees 66 ce OB 6 12, § Q4=25 aheawanenseen Renee N. S. Phil........ Gret L.M sonore Had iver, N. J.

mann a Se ||| MMM ane mnao p de i caoannd addonfield, N. J.

Cumberlandiana Gabb, type..........0...scsseceeereee Mi 5 i — i

ees, 2 YP Tae Nee )ey alent EGS y 3 —Oimesetcenrares ter tee ——— PAGHIN iG.t Phil tcese’ yvAoteacensaneet Miocene ..........-++ Shiloh, N. J.

ponderosa Whitf., type Pal. N. J., Vol. i =

plicata Whitf., type........ Fe ene an Bee Shar Rive ua

= faymuloides Clee poaoccdanas Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 29, ‘* 1-5 ae x i

SOPHO E eRe H ee HEE Te eee EE EHH Hees See Ee a0 “ce ee i fi ‘ : é

cri. 20, Bigs Gieecenesstesssceeeemeteenees's Claiborne, Ala.

Games) ILE BbocrcospanonooncconosagronogncoaCba0 66Arn GG i = mie

PO OSCATLA. os (6 34, Figs. 18=22) ....scscetenheeenscns Ay. Ma No Eis. 2 ceonceeesemeaeee res CO ete Shark River, N. J.

annulata Mort., Sp......sceesscceseceecsesnceseeceeeseres Of ‘ CO

a P ai ¢ 22, T- 5) siastnorc eens INGEN Si: Phil. ..:3.00 nena Timber Creek, N. J.

vinctum Whitf., type .......sssssssccsesssenseeseesconees A

oe » YP m, Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 5......ssecssreeeeeeee James; Halli .3.50\s<<ecccreccuceeetaeeee Vicksburg, Miss.

crosswickensis Whitf., type Pal. N

Mullicaensis Whitf., type. ...sssscssssscsesseseesveveevs al. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. Trenton, N. J. Crosswicks, N. J.

Fria. Mullica Hill, N. J. ‘

(OEcomnare)) naticoides Gabb............ssssse00 Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 19, Figs. 28-29 Columbia College ..............0008 Cret. L. M.... «1... Monmouth, N. J

Or A AALS eon IOHOANOAAICCONOOUDSEDUBOnLAEOND Ot “ Io, Fig. 30 Rutgers College ........ ...se.eseeee CE OP oonopcnn Crosswicks, N. Ih

a ie

Eat

ea i a

ae He

con

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda-— Continued.

CLAVELLA. |

raphanoides Conrad ? ...sscccsscsseeceseeeeeeceevoeees | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 26, Figs. 7—Si-.ce-seemeen

CLISOSPIRA.

occidentalis: Wihitf:, type <.cesesercecsecssesncesseceeree Geol. Wis:, Vol. 4,-Pl. 5, Fig. 21 se.e-+ seer

COLUMBELLA.

turmicula Wihith 5) type coc sceacececnersesieesveerennnens | Am. Jour:-Coneh:,- Vols top 27ee iow:

_CONUS. |

Subsatrid ens: Comrad sree sr cierisctecinsscceseiessssnelsieeee | Pal. N.J., Vol--2; Pll-34, Bigs) tG—i72e-- ee

CRUCIBULUM.

COstatum Saya sen ewer seit iscdeseelcmeetieesceiiertertelsetsilette | Mioc. N. J.., Pl. 22; Figs) 11-04) e-ceecs-peeeeee

CYCLONEMA.

percarinatum Hall............sccecsessseetensencseee rene | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Fig. 15 ........0--0s

CYLICHNA. |

ME Clay Gabba uty eateccooteeicslladsececsieiseleeisleclsiesectisl> Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 20) Figs) to—ut eee

CYPRAEA. |

(AricIA) Mortoni Gabb, type.........--0--eeeeeeeeeee | ee “6 cic ance | eae eR

subuloviridis Whitf., type ............ccsseceseeeeeeeees ua oy 6€° 3330 \ 920222 eee

CyYRTOLITES.

SIMUALUS PEL MOCUN Melby DE -umewemsiesioassumievieiisleeselslerasls 4oth Parall. Surv., Pl. 1, Figs. 23-24 ..........

DENTALIUM.

emnolle JBI, We Wid GegneconddenoocourdendononbuancecoocEane Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 125) Pig:s26:0escecss.oeem |

Martini Vilaitiee sty Pestiestcscicsicceae scslscnsiarissieleseseinele N. Y. Acad. Sci; Vol 5; Pl275 Hici folsee |

Subarcua tum Connad wecssaasecececessemscestiselsscisc cee | Pal. N.-J:;. Vol. 2, Pl. 20; Bigs Sio=240 ease |

(FaLcuLa) ‘falcatum BQ OMTACA ee sce es etaween em aanees pu 6 es Ge 66 208 9) oT one eee

DIPLORA. |

(SERPULA ?) Cretacea Conrad. .............sseeeseeeee | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2; Pl. 20) Pigti2igcsteesaseee |

DOLIUM.

(Dotiopsis) multiliratum Whitf., type ............. Pal. N..J.; Vol. 2, Pl. 15; Figs) 4—6:.sc.cseeeeem .

DRILLIA.

elegans) EMMONS. ......2.. 5. scccseceteoreeveeaesereesoese- Mioc. N. J.; Pl. 2%,, Figs! 2-45 ..-coec-m cecceeee .

subflexuosa Whitf., type......... Sy vice ect yceremant lowe oe cc EG 2a, SS Sa Fee ee eee .

ENDOPTYGMA.

umbilicatum Tuomey .............cccesceescereveceeesees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 17, Hig "20.)--2 coon

ERATO.

I MMONSIMVWINI Eh LY PCmitecscclsesicseslncclonsecesoes ssl Mioc. N. J., Pl. 19, Figs. Q—I1.......02-..eceeeeee

ERIPACHYA. |

? paludiniformis Whitf., type..........ssseosseeseesenes | Pal. N. J., Vol: 2, Pl. 3; HisssGou7 re... .eeeme

EUOMPHALUS.

AMMONVWe Oca Di thas by PCr yseccsesa! cecccecinc-eseesies.s | Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 30%......-.-c=

aXUS WWIIC ERR eee renee cemneacis sacteeleiseecislosiste <eis seisisisle visio. | goth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 24-25..},

macrolineatus Whitf., type...........csceceeeeeeeeeeeees | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 18, Figs. 5—-6.........0. ]

StronsiGwVibithe pity pees wearers cecariseaccsss esses sastacen “6 “6 cc) 66 4, Figs. 1—2.2-.c eee

(CycLoNEMA) rugilineatus H. & W........... ee | 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 186; 27th Rept., Pl. 13}

(STRAPAROLLUS) Ophirensis H. & W., type...... | 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 26-27..},

(STRAPAROLLUS) Utahensis H. &. W., type...... ees “6 6 SC “ 4, .% 20-23"

EUTHRIA. |

Par ACNLiS NViMibtemby Pere tasueesecrenenesercceuesaet rence: | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 9, Figs. 11—12.......-.252

Oe Pine rt

GASTEROPODA. (169)

f: WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE. Locatiry.

Me ke. Ae MN. Fh seieeeseesessereeseee | Eocene. .....c+0.. | Shark River, N. J.

| Beas « es Wises Callies es cosets eae firen tones eee | Beloit, Wis.

| Lae iieascce r Some Lt Nie EE oot seth Roie tol eb Oceneweeape aaa Claiborne, Ala.

eee sicliee ds Rutgers Colles Rare aeeeeeen MB ocene an ae | Shark River, N. J.

btteeteees U. S. Nat. Mus. and Rutgers ... | Miocene ............ | Shiloh and Bridgeton, N. J.

: |

(ee Unive Calif nm oui soe) ieirentonme ened: | Beloit, Wis.

Caer Ue NaS thai ley escsavate coy cee Cretan Mi oa Burlington, N. J.

eosin NE Saebbilienr sss ewes ees Cnet gM aces | Burlington, N. J.

Aa eS Rutgers Collegey ee te Eocene............... | Shark Riv., N. J.

Messier ee SwuNa te Muse ee tee ee @uebece tes en ihite Pine, Nev.

Be ariclaine aS Naty Must wesen meinen Crety git) 1 Rapid Creek, B. H.

2 SORE NEEE Manis Calta dasa cece Se Up. Helderb....... Dublin, ‘Ohio.

BBM ciccpe No INo Ss LEM ccc nocnanae catgeanennad: «(Giles IOUS Eee Mullica Hill, etc., N. J.

> dOBHASEBG WEM ets coins sauce unset muncrael atte Oe ip eitizceesee-es is Crosswickss Np J.

- sbROHBBOB dircntontuNen|icastseccees 3. nee sly Cret sili: M......... | Crosswicks, N. J,

Bee eles PenutxersiCollegen a. er | Greet, Le M.......... | Freehold, N. Ve

. ae esc Naty Mis: sues eee e..c0e. ol Miocene. te Jericho, N. J.

Be ciiaee oH Md RSE ED DOU OEE EEECB RAEN Th Papeoeoncoose |) Slaulkeley, ING If

> OOH HEBER A cee Ele Aeseames ieee sco || Cret 1. M......... | Burlington, N. Mfc

Be ai Wa SaiNate Musee iy Miocene.......,..... | Jericho, N. J.

PRG (icenton) eNews eee ll Grete, M.......... | Crosswicks, N. Ve

. POCEEEER HM AT HOY... css eee ec Waverly............. | Burlington, Ia

Peres cient eS Nat.. Mus... aetna eeeeee eee Oquirrh! Mts) Utah.

dodpeteee WisteSt:! Coll: .: |S eee Niagara) ee Manitowock, Wis.

Becca G6 Be he =- cee eeeemeeeeeeee il CalCiterausiens nn Richland Co., Wis.

ig. 2 Beep Snia piss. 1... 5. seee ree. Niagaraye nen Louisville, Ky.

BS csc Weiss Nat; Mus...) ees Waverly ............. | Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

66 ce ce 66 66 ce

Boece Zw Ng Semis .2..0. nee Crete 1. M.......... | Haddonfield, N. J.

7 ee

ra -

i ni iu 9

ty nae : me

Cane, ooh ty) :

: 7 Ms Ly . 7 Me .

a, ih Ge 7 ve

hae - a 7 if con

7 ; ov -

: r 7 2 Ven aie

Ly) a : ~~ a |

ih” eee

ir ms Ne Se

: oe a a

. : =)

Sc ae te

ie , 7 hv : wD

: a Ce ar:

x oa

a eh '

, P . - 7 7

: : 7 oe

= a a

7 a. ‘

” a

: ind 7 i

i 2 as : :

i s

2 7 a 7

a 7

: sy

ai > = >

ee ‘S

bd = oe Ly ar

- =- 7, ey

7 _ : : ’ : -

aa - a ae a

: en _ :

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. GASTEROPOD

(169)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED x sai

) . WHERE LOCATED. GroLocicaL A ;

GE. Locatity.

Gasteropoda-— Continued. - takes =

CLAVELLA.

raphanoides Conrad ? ...ésesseccsseeseeeeseseeennneees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 26, Fi 8 |

5 » 2, Pl. 20; Bigs 7—Ocesdesasnieanieee el iestaise JN, IMIG IN[G 1S Goneeane

Eesti 7 Re errr: DOceneynessaiee Shark River, N. J.

occidentalis Whitf., type ........ssseseeeeeerseneeeeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Fig. 21 a Uofesie cease Univ. Calif.

ee eeu. aeueiate oaaiaecene tare eee leelirenitoniyieseeeenes Beloit, Wis.

turricula Whitf., type...........s.seceeeee sence cewereree Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 1. E

Conte | Claiborne, Ala.

subsauridens Conrad .......ccececceececeeeeeeases senses Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 34, Figs. 16-17............. atclstels aise

icine | Shark River, N. J.

COStAT INS Ay Mew eee ieniiesteeeeeelscetesicesslemiersletelteet stein Mioc. N. J., Pl. 22, Figs. 11-14 U.S |

a IN don Lal, 22, Bee) (l RP RREEB ED BEDS cor c.c< foun obopS . S. Nat. Mus. i Fe

CHOU. at. Mus. and Rutgers ... | NITGGENe aneeeeaees | Shiloh and Bridgeton, N. J.

percarinatum Hall...........cccccsseeeeeneseeceeeeeseeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Fig. 15 .......e..sse0ee Lee... Univ. Cali |

cone ’ 5, Hig. 15 . Tiley Galitieen ston sdeceeeeacwesncceen | Dien ton eeeeee tes | Beloit, Wis.

Pee aD Dis Uy DCIS Merten RVAGs aSasnescaves tact eve Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 20, Figs. ro-11 4 A.N ; | |

eam yp PIGS. LO-IL oo ..sesepesrereeeee PONE OSSD LIN aeaekaasatioeswosees see (iets Wy Wloccceoonen | Burlington, N. J.

(ArictA) Mortoni (Grae), 15 ADIEh cnonopoGacuocosno9an000 GG oe CUS see cs 1G gpa pniccar ec UECCREEE A. N. S. Phil

subuloviridis Whitf., type ...........:scsseceseeseeseere GG ce (ON 3 (N20 =2 2 nee yew estle a Rutgers eee eee eer oe Le Me csssesoee | Burlington, N. J.

later ories NS CIEE once s 709 2 OPED ERIGS linc a eaeiahe See Slt sonncosenacsood | Shark Riv., N. J.

PRR IeRLIE ee Wie iy pea ae eee Ss tones goth Parall. Surv., Pl. 1, Figs. 23-2 U.S.N

; : _ Surv., Pl. 1; Figs: 2322 eed orate... | U. S. Nat. Mus....... | White Pi

Oe , gS. 23-24 at CMS te. aieereret onsen. Quebec............... White Pine, Ney.

gracile H. & M. oc .ssssesescsseesseseeseeeseeereneeteens Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Fig. 26...........ccccoseeQeasees--2' U. S. Nat. M

MVWantiminy Vai thee by Deseeeterh recess css seeecbieseresieeas N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol 5, Pl. 7, Fig. 10.........f-----..-.. Univ. Ga on einc deine fe Efelderhiels RSS 22 RE

subarcuatum (Convadbesecsenaecns otecsrevessueosesce Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 20, Figs. 19-24.........sse§-e+-=+r- Be RAVEN bSe Pia ad sedi ios Ga ae ean eel ee

(FALCULA)*falcatum Comrad.............seeeeeeee nese of &e LC is-So ieuauai ah 2 tee mrn a ya 555, prronactiooo6 hse AES ae eae oe ae Cait ae eteh Aa ica ELAN peter Nee

cmc a i 8 mre | ney Crosswicks, N. J.

(SERPULA ?) Cretacea Conrad......sss.csscesceeseees 1G Is Ion WO 2, WAL Ae}, WHE, BE, coonecetnoooonn paceeceeeee Trenton, N.

Tyee. > g. 25 eEntOn WINE alias aeasesscereareeeeceee esfig We Whos rcocer Crosswicks, N. J.

(Doriopsis) multiliratum Whitf., type ............. Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 15, Figs. 4-6........... Ware cies | Rut, (e

ane I , 5, Figs. 4 sees | utgers College.........secccesseeeee ) Gr Il, We conccocoo Freehold, N. J.

elegans EMMOMDS......... ccssseseseescsecesenseeeeeees Mioc. N. J., Pl. 21, Figs. 2- ) i

Ce enWih, ype ee cee PO Ore i Semone SE ea ie ae eves St I

ih a a a gh mats Toone ene | > IR Shiloh, N. J.

umbilicatum Tuomey ..........sssseceeeeseeesenseseseene Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 17, Fig 20........cssseeenfereeeeeers

Pio, J > y ET, 17, PIG 20. ..cccsserccenee Burlington, N. ne

Emmonsi Whitf., type ........sesscsesscsccssserscceeeee Mioc. N. J., Pl. 19, Figs. Q—11......c0eeceseseseeperteseres

ERIPACHYA. 5 ES OO a Jericho, N. J.

? paludiniformis Whitf., type........:sssccoseeeeeseeeee Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 3, Figs. 16-17 .........sscgstereeevees ;

aie Crosswicks, INE J

Ammon W. & Whitf., type ....ss02 sesecesresersoeees Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 3O0.........:0deeceeeerees i

Tee WR iter tresses Acs cacyeocasseeeatobesecesesseecss goth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 24—25..Jecereeeees Biilinetone

macrolineatus Whitf., type Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 18, Figs. 5-6............ [ Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

font ee CD ee gre acAdsaccaqshandae as 6 (66 4, Figs. 1=2......seememectioeelar ee oe

A) rugilineatus H. & Wo... sesso 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 186; 27th Rept., Pl. 13jFig. 2... | Dr. Knapp. ae sce pee IE

(STRAPAROLLUs) Ophirensis H. & W., type...... 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. arm ae 390008 Us: NEE Niue oo eee =e eee ilies 1S

(STRAPAROLLUS) Utahensis H. &. W., type...... ee a ne 6 Ay 20-23. feveeeeeeeee ce « Car Ue

EUTHRIA. “ “ «

Petragilis) Wihitte, ty Peless-wesss.teeeceres-rence=-oeeeves« Pals Ni J;, Vol. 2) Pl. (o) Higs) (102 )eese eee eeetn== Al NeCSBe Phil io. .cceeeornacse anes Cret. L. M Haddonfield, N. J

| Ne rg har reer Ce ees FINE VE

Py Witla?

oh. ' ; Pe as

ct AA ‘aly ar mc

male aoe

ah taht at Mactan tel f :

Pic Laevih on | 2

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda—Continued.

FASCIOLARIA.

InUeancs nite tyPe sect bielsiatobistasue sieeve cemuiaeseeee gs Fal ING aes Wels 2 Ele 26, Figs. Q-II......7.....

slefelaialalejstatafeieieielcietaiecleisieieietstetecieicieines ge sé 275 °° 8°. Ua2ieaaceereeceen

propinqua Whitf. eles baBdngabaodé scodoabnouboboosbones Gh it SI Ai BR) Becca doocoooos

Samsoni Ss uC eS oe eat Ae ae yn a a OG 6¢ GG heey (Pema Leora oco8s

“< GG MGs i wanna euedioueeacebeasiea seems a Gy £6 F283 | SLE ee eats

WOOdI) Gabb. i .hsgessessiesssccsumenemes en cen cite semecnaees Mioc. N. J., Pl. 17, Figs. 78 atid ee |

(CRYPTORHYTIS) contorta Meck, SPu icin sisioelaisasecisie Beal, Blk. Hills, eh Be: Fig. LO" r 5.5. so-e eee

36 fusiformis H. & M. ....0c-cc00e--. Wes Ye Rseaacncbcons csc7

GEVRODESMA) sulcosa Cons sini casecscccessceencecces Mice. Ne Von Jee iG Figs. cons Ke eer ceonnepen scoc:

( PIESTOCHEILUS) Culbertsoni M. & H............... Expl. Blk: Hills, Pl. 12) Pigs tte ee- sesso eee

Ficus.

PeMleUS! CONTA’ Ae umsncanaentsasceeseeescesesc sets. ss cee al: N. Jo Vol: 2, -Pl..34) Mig. iS siaesee eee

oieccedenss Wibitfe wtypernsensesscercsoneeitter secsiee tse | CE 66 BBS OO eeaete ese eee

FISSURELLA. |

(Griscombij Conrad ew aeesascsccsecenensuse cucenen cower | Mioc. N. J., Pl. 24, Figs. Wi=14.0.- co eeemeeeene

FULGUR. |

Semtriseriale sWihitt. types ...riac-mcnssceceecnace aeeenoccees | Am. Jour. Conch., Voli, p: 260:seceeeeeeeee

FUSISPIRA,

CompactayklasGe Win tyPCscnnseeidecoe Gestersiess saessione | 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Fig. 25........

elongatawelalle sscinaeekasecslstegsoaeasensascetless senses Geol: Wis:, Vol.-4, Plo) Migciaiteneseeees see eeeee

NV EMULI COSA se) Octeciaasletece calceeemaae cre mcuitadameuaneneks ag sf SOO NCD Sere neliiee Begee

Fusus.

ANG ULAris Waites pbyIDE y larcee sic .eclrielsislasiers-[ecleclesjee cies Pal. N. J., Vol..2, Pl. 24, Figs. 15-10....<..c0

Chemungensis Whitf., type...............ecceeeeeceeees Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Pig. 19...3teeersseceeee

? Holmdelensis Whitf., type............ ccc seecee eee eee | Pal. N. Js Vol. 2, Pl. 6, Figs. 10-11 ...........

PAUCICOSTALUSH WVIDICTe tYPErencilcaeoeesieceistweeeeeseecess sf se 6626, $6 1-0 ee

EKO DESUSM VV MIs CY PEsccaseoe «aciclewieecesiavisleivioatin dele oe GG 6 ag) SNS =O eee

PleUNICOStatUSMWihith EY PCs. .c..(.ceucceevevareeiocensnate a §¢ CORES OU ASL snoop. -

Shum ardi@e ere Mir asewcsau cc cscscsstisesesecsuoedectoes Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Figs. 7=8)-2 ee eseseee

De TOrtilisnNVhitty ity perecccrcs stent oot.nscdasoesasasievallnedes Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 5........

( NEPTUNEA )

Pe Wocenicus) WihIti ity PC sasc.c s+ -eceescusecnssnces Pal. N. Je Vol. & Pl. 25, Figs. 10=13....--.csae

? Hector Whitt. , type Be uie aang ccckea gue ncccekemenee ee (¢~" Figs. 3=O:.csc--ee eae

? Hector var. multilineatus Wihithjatypern acces es $s ue (6 Fig. 277 eeeetee eee

PaStamimens CONTAC Maen corasels clvieiisis sales cele celsreenere ss rs uy cc Figs: 1=2) Steere

(URosaLPinx ).

multicostatus, Whitf., type............ccceceeeeeees Pal. N. J., Vol 2, Pl. 24, Pigs: 6=7.222-scsseeceee

GLOBICONCHA.

(G@livmosmomas) (curtail Gabbmnesenve.<c-o4--cleascessenas Pal. N. J., Vol. 2; Pl. 19, Pigs: 26-270). -sceeaae

GYRODES. ;

AibbottiaGabb ity pe seecmscsestcsseecewsriesscisseee dc sssieclc | Pal. N..J., Vol. 2, Biss shige 07), s..sc-eeeeeene

altispiraly Gabby merece seem serencisee 2 -\odesanascecssastasnsl a6 6 ‘c 16; Figs. °7-8\-...<<seseeee

crenata Gabb;*typesin ccsccccseesssoccssseeemcsenseesnecone oF GG 3 16, °° 5=6).c.aeeeeeeee

Infracarinatan Gabb assess esswesecctecesses accel cscicicreee's cu G6 ae 15, 66 T3—US.ccaedeeeee

af GO Soadaonghdedo dobcabados acbooudsbuNRdE | es CO oe 215, Big. [65a soeeeeeene

obtusivolva Babb be adodaseagad sanaboooebadooooDHa4OND Se | 3 OG 36 16;*Higs. Q—IL ........0-.-

GU OR noaseno05. e6sacconnGusDaqsaqsccoade0ce0S | es < St 16) Big. 02 escseeeeeeeee

pewesa Morty Spictascnscsjeeaseesesencese seeiveiiectoesiosces oy a Gt 16, Figs. 1=3)/sccceseeeeee

es So RSS E CODE OnE ecocecodade De ACBnOOTCE RDO | ge ce G6 16, Bigs V4) -tecoseeee eee

GASTEROPODA. (170)

WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE. LOCALITY.

Bess JAA. THE, INIG BU sbekeosnabadadoadoonsonna |}! ROSS pdcbccoousede ||| msuoehdse INR, INS IIe

oe cé 66 ce ce o6

a eG erate et ae

Me acccesenesetans aie CR ee I

Bris IRinyeeres, CoallllsexS padscocb- coossasscace BONNE aac es ciets 86 GG ae

ee, AX, INlo Gy Teo ssccuoconsbeobossecoads |) WOE INS “Sscascccooge || Shaulllelays ING: Jf.

Be ice Wis Go INNS IMTS Sessesenoscnconnecooe |) a6 gobossooscosooocuo || Ole! \iveormoenns Imoydte. 15}, Jel

a is a SEE SOD HER GOSBEOERO UY eur: MBaSeobncHObboseeRe ip eleyoy Col 1G) geeltes Is} dale

Btareits os ue Scoactuneonoaosesad |) WUE IaS. dossteoeton! |! Gately ING lo

Beisia Y ag Apaguévooaasnodoons ||) (CHEE oosobacheoobeusoca! ||’ cere (Graeliss 13, Jel,

Sao IRintiexeres COMERS coasoscsonononscncaso ||| IOCEIIES Grocconconon || SINAN ING fe

Bp TWrremionn, ING. |) covoossoosecondedannoocs | (Creel LG WE Holmdel, N. J.

ea 1 Sb INNS INNS Sootehocnoncdencosces || MAUIIKee\Sosccsecosbodcs| || elev Kole aN Io. Ale

eS sep lelallleereee seeeeceaneeeeeeereeieeceen mM OCeN ey ..eebasees- | OM Lbelow elanic) BluttieAllas

WS WASH NabeNins erates | Oucbee. y.2-4-. |) White Pines Nev:

A Whitewater High School ......... | Galena............... | Whitewater, Wis.

La os Sie if eapeoaatee OS | apscossnsnoactes ||| NA ENEo ION, Wie

Pants Nutcersi Collesemmeeeeee eee nsec) je OCeN ex eereeeeccrtes ds olarks Ravers Nea.

Ree ie Ween Natan VitSeesesceeereeer seen yl Creteretoaen. ec ote-| eapidy Creek,» bik. brill:

Aaa TERI, INTs “Woteaccsoasacoso0usconc0e || Otetis Is IME Seoccoce! |] Jeloileelals INIa IIe

Merenmieutoers; Collegetsaneyeicesnse cose IEVCYSEINS, gocoq0uqc00000 Shark River, N. J.

6é ce ce ceé (a9

NM ree

meas WA Sse Nate Miusiascsuesccestecsonecon in CLELamecesaceseeceece ellie beaver Creek. Bika sbills:

pane iJammestialli een: secee cece vececesseesee ||) WNOCENe. eee eeeeeeeeh || Q) Ma) below, Prairie Bluth, Ala:

.dqodog vutgersy Collegen-cessscssesteeesee | WUOCEM ere se cose acacia tO haLkwRivers Ne |

6é 66 66 ee ce (a3

ee | ee

pe- eeee OG Ob @eeseoessessescoeseeseee OG eesosereeeoseee GG 6G OG

Hee Ruy SersmCOllegermeneaescaeesecesea tli) MOCENEs...cdcnccan|) Shark) River, IN: J).

fees AGaIN Is Ssuslehi lee eee acnoeaeac scares: | Cletscsovesdcsmesdeesos le Bellacor, exase

segOHoR NONE See lalla enaeaeeeceeen im erete Ie. Mikes co ie Mcullicay itil Nay.

Hei PAD IRVING Ede itor e Wane acernencenn. Gb Ci eae G3 SG oe

soabee8 eiirenton, ING Wocc.en ces daceceecccsues ue ‘¢ 4.206. | Haddonfield, N. J.

>besooD se panecon iste Sacencuie teeters s cs ‘¢ ......... | Atlantic Highlands, N. J.

1560000 ee Heidt aun vice dedeousiansnaiae's a GG Gossadco ||| Lobia biayedroyal, INS fe

se G6 SO eC END ah Le ce SO eseeee ee paknechold.y Neal:

Bestslesie i Aaa Vise Ne E Ve. c oanee te nese aind on OF oqe050600 New Egypt, N. J.

se ie SOME ee Sucebeaa sone gar ss 66 ..eeeeee | Mullica Hill, N. J.

sedeooy Columbia; College: Ware iwesese. us ‘¢ ......... | Crosswicks, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

GASTEROPODA.

(170)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda—Continued.

FASCIOLARIA.

nlovallles MAUS type

eee cewccesesssesessesessesesceses

propinqua BU isles ouscnnoosoog son sodoseosaqsoeG0000

Samsoni

GG GO CM ie hic oetease eels ots Caw bee eels vs aalawe

WoodilGabbine cas. c.:csiciteiscctesttscdesacressasseanece

(CRYPTORHYTIS) contorta Meek, sp..........20.c00

ce fusiformis H. & M. ...............

(LYRODESMA) sulcosa Con. ..............scsseeeceeens

( PIESTOCHEILUS) Culbertsoni M. & H...............

Ficus.

FISSURELLA.

GriscombitGonrads,.cnesescscceusteess cers sowoeceneeees

FULGUR.

firiserialemVVMithyabypererdcnces-eceeaeeccssrert=ssenecees

FUSISPIRA,

OMA Claw len OG VnsibyCstaceecbeiss)dsrenseecdcescerwe

elongata Hall

ventricosa ‘‘

Fusus.

BHC UALISMVV Il tlersty Demeter stesaverceercssnacetcsesc is

Chemungensis Whitf., type..........0...-seseeseeneeeee

? Holmdelensis Whitf., type.............::..eeeeeeeeee

paucicostatus Whitf., type

perobesus Whitf., type..........

pleuricostatus Whitf., type

SS ne AIMED OC ctersstsaeicetssleeine se etsisiseisrelerioeesrte es

ZOVLIS HV Mitta, by POa-secdesreeeeeussesisecceswelresiesictasiiee

( NEPTUNEA)

? Eocenicus Whitf., type

? Hector Whitt. , type Jueoies

? Hector var. multilineatus Whitf.,

Mestamined,, CODLAG. n.5s<cscssessisssseaterecsenicesees

(UROSALPINX).

multicostatus, Whitf.,

GLOBICONCHA.

(TYLOsTOMA) curta Gabb............sssseeeeeeeeeeenee

GYRODES.

Abbotti Gabb, type

altispira Gabb, ofo5

crenata Gabb, type........00-esseceeceeesreeeesneeesanens

infracarinata GabD...........csceececceseccseeecsevecees

ce “e

obtusivolva Cte

petrosa Mort., Sp......-..sseseeeeeeees

ce ee “ec

ty PChaesrsetersacteesastneses

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Loca.ity,

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 26, Figs. 9-11......7

6“ 27, OG

ce OG GG GG 27, Fig. 3

GG “cc “ ‘é Dy

ce ce 6c ce 28, “ 79

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 17, Figs. 7-8 .

Bgells Blk. Hills, et, we Fig. 10

ee 12

Pal N. ds Vio DEP SAG IGA AG acces vs ves seceeee Rees

3 15, oe 7-8

WES INS Nog Ib Ay The, SUI, aanonnbedeepececcon. 5 Andee

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 260

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Fig. 25

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 9, Fig. 3

ce ce ee ce 2

Pall.N. J., Vol.-2, Pl. 24, Figs, 15-10... eee

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Figo: ../......:..-scssdesaeeBeeeess

Tale N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 6, Figs. 10-11 .

ge EOS SEBO EC: TO yeaaacae

GG Fe GES GO IE). Gonoaononose

6 “c 6 6 oO “© 12-14

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Figs. 7-8 .ccsscccssscoaseciuesconees

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 5\...-.cossocses=snees

Pal. N. J; Sele 2, Pl. 25, Figs. 10-13

6 6 OG Figs. 3- —6.

ee a «ss GG" 6 Y/co nccce

ce “cc ee “ce Figs. T—2

Pal. N. J., Vol 2, Pl. 24, Figs. 6-7

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 19, Figs. 26-27........s:ssmeeeeerees

Fe Bh J; Vol. Eb Pl. 15, Fig.

16, Higs:

ce 1G 3 16,

“cc 66 GG 15, CG

6s “c “ 15, Fig.

“c ‘“ “c 16, Higs

6c “ec 6c 16, Fig.

ce “c cc 16, Figs

66 6c “cc 16, Fig. 4

Nem EamiN MEL cieinc tests ssniiaeesesets

OG NY eee aE on cree mn etree

oe ee

3 ce Snr ereeeeeenes

meee cares. gQoGenanqHob0

JM IND, Si Jeon cine

U. S. Nat. pats

Rutgers College

Trenton, N. J

U. S. Nat. Mus

Wa So NEG; WGI) oAecoscocecepeocuecce

WHR Tae High School

e 66 ?

Rutgers College

U. S. Nat. Mus

Trenton, N. J........

Rutgers College

“ce “cc

ce ae

U. S. Nat. Mus....

James Hall

Rutgers Pope

“ce “ce

ee ee

Ru'gers College.............sc0s000+

AG ING SS.) Philly eecesntaesememtrasteaerts

Cret

“6

Eoc

Mio:

Eoc

ene.

ICENE: .ccceeseeeee

ENG i ccsceccerseces

Shark River, N. J.

ce ce oe

ee “ce ce

oc «ce oe

Shiloh, N. J.

Old Woman’ s Fork, B. H.

Rapid Creek, B. H.

Jericho, N. if

French Creek, B. H.

Shark River, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

| Shiloh, N. J.

9 M. below Haric Bluff, Ala.

WWiirelPinen News

Whitewater, Wis.

Waupun, Wis.

Shark River, N. J.

Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

Holmdel, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

ce ce

“cc “ec

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

9 M. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

Shark River, N. J.

ce ‘ “e

“ce OG “

Shark River, N. J.

Bell Co., Texas.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

6c “c UG

Haddonfield, N. J.

Atlantic Highlands, N. J.

Burlington, N. J.

Up. Ereehold, N. J.

New Egypt, N. J-

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda— Continued.

HIAMINEA.

subeylinidricay vin 162 Elec asecsawence since onceeceeseees | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Figs: 242);2e-eeseeeee

HELCION.

? tentorum Morton, sp., type...........ssesscsesceceees Pal. N. J., Vol 2, Pl. 10; Pigs: 6-8. 25ssc-eseeeee

HOLopEA.

magniventra Whitf., type.............ssceccssesseeeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 24, Figs. 2-3..........0000

Newtonensis ‘‘ SEF ehoacswacshaskaeenseokeameaes N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. 12........

obesa GG Se Sue ab epieielne tiecee ouren aie seater Geol. Wis. D, Vol. i Pl. 27; Figs. Wlaeeeena ace

Sweeti 6G SOS ee eatin ataaeniscee ce oaeanaeae BG is ce 10, $45. (Bee eee

HYOLITHES.

BaconiWwihitt:; ty pes.excicemuccconssescussoreac es sacs tes Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 9-10.............

gibbosawmbl. ConWe aby De wascseeer cet seeciiccicnee sees 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 1-3..............

LiMordialis) Eales sesascwesscouccemeescccen ences scene Geol. Wis., Vol..4, Pl. 1, Fig.) 1252c:-e--sseeeee

LAXISPIRA,

lumbricalis'Gabb: csasscas cess accuses von eoemnasee ssesetee | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 18, Fig 25 \tecspenmesteeemn

LEIOSTRACA.

Wretacca Conrad es. secu scatasy-smovmecanse de ccte sess we | Pal: N. J.; Vol. 2, Pl. 10, Figs) 2-5

LEPTOMARIA.

giganteamwihitiay ty perccssacacesesssstaecaceesceccnseces | Fel Bt Ties el os a 375 Figs. T=2e.cce see seoee

pergranulosa Whitf., type..........s.seceeseseeceeeeees | 1. 36, 0 SS ASO eee eee

Pepetlatam COnraG sesccsscct-cccesessosccionsesstree sptbadd | 6 cs PL 35, So SIS 2iieces cee

Fie OG SV DSocccubouondognadoapoosoabesccudoboce | cs Oo $f £60 BeAr eclseneeceeee

LOXONEMA. | |

Inpalrennibyeben Jats wd \i/Geaccesocusedannecocoaseceenaascola. | 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 193; 27th pee PIE =

TA STUN athe bY Coreneetns siieise\ovedetmebsiceseroseccs Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 24, Fig. Ms suee

PALI Ty a RR sersertenrsc sistance cicitiecsisie since cation Se l IN= MW. Acad: “Sci, Voleish ble 7, Fig. . vide ste eee

PIU CALTON MIURA Ee meee nec cicsesnesae svaeijeceeonsetes | sea cc rl 1, Figs. I4-15..

LUNATIA. |

CONCHINA MEN mOCpN ep eISP Hate stoescse vec. teens Sebitnsicedecsee | Expl. Blk. Hills; Pl. 12, Big: 13) igsesereseeeemee

Vallis Gall biteeeenacesctsceesees ocisisaests oie selsa als eseiscetiers |iRalt i Wee ver 22oPls 15; Bigs: £3=14):-.-...-e

i SUR net ert MRM Haas filct ss otis ccajececamenen tices | © F5—-16.2.. eee

CPU atone mer enas ot sinc Taisecicas bnieiseucalse senoise ‘ie BG PI, 21, (*! TO-1T jee

MACLUREA.

Bis sby labial ueesmeenesenosccheresccccisaaccon-eceescncess Geol. Wisi .» Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 17-182.:2.secneeee

Cuneata mW VihitismeyPeraeascessescee \osecrescdessecdssce LOR AEC ce 5-6. ...:.0.sceneeane

roarbavbeney lala eke Wiley 4319 01S gadoc seq unoe CO DSDOBE DEDUCE LOBOeC 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 17-19....

SubrotundavVWhitieymtypCnecre.eecserceckosecceeeecscic Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 9, Figs. 7-8 dsdecbees see

MACHROCHEILUS.

PUSCUS Whit wntypCrmeeacececsiesiensisverioeeseissecee cena BAN ACRE Sci., Vol. 5, Pl.-7, Figs. 3=4- secu.

HESUlanis) COKs wee raeendeeet esac tacecciececiececnes 3G Pl. 15. Hig. 13 See

subcorpulentus. \Wihith ity pess.cnsccscesncsceeseccsssse ING A non Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig) 54°. --ceee

MARGARITA.

INebrascensisy Mer &e Wwe secchcscacpstc cess se sees ceseis Expl. Blk. (Hills) Pil a2) cRig- 925. ..s-cee cesar

abyssinay Gabbessescspccceceenensateeremt oe cs ese smcteseiceces Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 17, Figs. 1-37... eee

GG TASS AEORURO A Siaecat.h ONYAG 52 eevee crater aie Gc ‘6 66 ge

MARGARITELLA.

Albbottig Gabbevsnenccscecestessenceaciceecsdscseccesceseees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 17, Figs. 12=15°..)soteceeme

MESALIA.

elongata sWhith.typescocssnesteeacuaesoe sceeneseesees | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 34, Figs. 13-15......-:-su0-

GASTEROPODA.

(171)

WHERE LOCATED.

| GEOLOGICAL AGE,

LOCALITY.

Uss:

JXe INIo- 1S 18 jpedoapoosgaouadesooda0

Wie Si (Co lcconcenso50o6d0000000006

Columbia College.................+

\WiibIas Shi Collect cocbeabaoadsondaccada

cé 6é

Beers ccrscesescessesese

wee eer es ress cesenesesse

Cece corer sereescesccsses

Peewee eee s sees sesessessces

Drie ap Paws ticestiewsceteesescsses |

eee cece rece ccscsscce

seceeseeeser ess sesesseee

Wines Calter ces dctsatecsscsevesens

Whitewater High School

We SmNataiNMuswe arse ee |

Whitewater High School.......... |

Winiwa: Calificc ance eee ree shoe e

6é ce

a Cece eros cece cceneccesccsese

see e ee acccceccescscos

Ori iri

Bree ee sereccsssccceseece

ecccccescceseccccsscsece

INA tMIUSScsaccuscusete cases |

eee eer eee eccrreesse

Guelpheecnceasneee

| Chestenccccbetiases

| Calciferous. .........

Potsdam

eeceee ceecce

eee er ceesccees

wer eeecccesscee

oeeereccesccsos

Wp Eleldexbies sn.

| Guelph

(eWipsyatlielderb sence.

| (Ca Uo eeocosoopnenbooe

cece eet eeecee

eeeccecee

sececesee coccee

Up. Helderb.......

(Ce ile hdoncon podobonos

Chester

eee e cocceeee

ee cceseeecceccr sce

«© ecvceccce

ececcccces

Old Woman’s Fork, Blk. Hills.

Arneytown, N. J.

Clinton, Wis.

Newtonville, Ohio.

River Falls, Wis., Loose.

Osceola Mills, Wis.

Beloit, Wis.

Keeseville, N. Y.

Trempealeau, Wis.

Figure Copied.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Wall Township, N. J.

| Shark River, N. J.

ce ce

Louisville, Ky.

Carlton, Wis.

| Dublin, Ohio.

Carbon Hill, Ohio.

Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Timber Creek, N. J.

| Beloit, Wis.

Whitewater, Wis.

Ute Peak, Utah.

Whitewater, Wis.

| Dublin, Ohio.

Carbon Hill, Ohio.

Newtonville, Ohio.

Yellowstone Riv., Wy.

Burlington, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. GASTEROPODA. (171)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE, | % eee oe

Gasteropoda— Continued. "

HAMINEA. |

ae WIS” G26. 8 I ospocponspscossosedboboaDDqadd0D Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Figs. 24......ss0ssessscsesscereeeeees (Winore Naty MUS: csr... ccceecceveve | Crete rstteeeee Old Woman’s Fork, Blk. Hills.

ELCION.

? tentorum Morton, sp., tyPpe......s0.ssesessssecssenees TANG ING Moy WOLEE IBN Fi, TOE BEB or anccanconee deere vonece Ako Wins Je) Gsesepeepacconaccneeceee Gigs We Weocoosnns Arneytown, N. J.

HOLopea.

magniventra VICE by Pe besckssinadeoriasecseestocance se Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 24, Figs. 2-3.............00- oubtees PM IWASH Stack COlliccescccecescoscsswenees | GT sc socnsoeccaece Clinton, Wis.

Newtonensis ‘‘ cr N.Y. Acad. Sci. 3 Vols 5, BIS 145 Wigs st2)esseeeene eee Columbia College................00 | OHERIOE ceooeosencoone Newtonville, Ohio.

obesa | GG ce Geol. Wis. , Vol. 4; Pl. 27, Pigei0l..c..00c:ste ee eee Wiste StalColl ee ccrsisessesseecasses Calciferous.......... River Falls, Wis., Loose.

Sweeti 6G GG 06 GG TO), £8 | hac. case ce cates. Sener EE CERES Wore vac en cueesles Potsdam............. Osceola Mills, Wis.

HYOLITHES. |

Baconi Whitf., type...........sseereeeeseserenccennecerees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 9-10 WinivenGalitaeeenite.cescersene.teenetee lelnentoneeeessestneeee Beloit, Wis.

gibbosa Hi. & W., type.........-+c-sessecreeeesoeeneee 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 1-3 INIa Wo Sits WINS .oananaa5secaq60-c00dK6 Potsdam ...... racadoa Keeseville, N. Y.

PLMIOLdalisielall we ynecasncecaceneceseacacvsacscesceens Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Fig. 12.........cccccsececceeeeeneces Wiss ooten Colle tesecercostesteusecases CON eee eae Trempealeau, Wis.

LAXISPIRA.

umbricalis(Gabb? coceescncsccscsansoscsnchessctsveacenss PaloN: Je, Viol.2)) Pl, aS yMig 2h eeieecteescteccommecteaees «2 Aa ING Sue Phillis tess ceca vvewweseenaes \.@rets To MEa cn. scs Figure Copied.

LEIOSTRACA.

KCretaceas COnTAG ecrssumecerca cscs dveced svevesaveceestene Pal: N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 10, Figs. 2=5)....cs.---svesseweneemes ve | A. N.-S:-Phil........secevtescdeccees Haddonfield, N. J.

LEPTOMARIA.

PiganteapW Mitiy, typer=-euscersscersscresccss-seeccssecos Fal 2b lies Voll 2, Pl. 37; Figs. 12. tWeresesetaee. seeeeees Rutgers College............s0s0c000 Wall Township, N. J.

pergranulosa Whitf., type..........s.cecseeseeceeeeees Pl. 36, § 1-0 ..ae. sateen eee PAV IN [EIEN spd pttoeteinceisncns sisiece ics Shark River, N. J.

? perlata Wonradteasaecaceseon tee seenscecshesescnescsases OG eo” Pl. 35, §© I=2i. acu desmeeeeeee sees ce [Oe Seo Sowcalacxcucwereeneas | ca ce

G9. = “18710 SsaqcqnonaapoqnDb | bore COOnCEBnBAprCE G6 66 & 66 Bodie c scones seaneel PeReE ems Rutgers College...................5 GG G4

LOXONEMA. |

ny dranlicumpl Se Wesscrcesesccceaerssseersecesserouee | 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 193; 27th Rept., Pl. 13, Fig. 15. | Dr. Knapp.............-ceceeseeeeeeee Up. Helderb....... Louisville, Ky.

magnum Whitf., type........sccesseseeeseeeseeseceerees | Geol. “Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 24), Fig. 1.c.:..2-5-..0ss mee oeteeeeee Carlton, Wis.

PANN Ta OLS SLAN dss Sjacvawseievesssesaestsees IN| Y. Acad. (Scit,, Vol. 5, Ploy, Bigs ho. essere came a6 Dublin, Ohio.

lice tlre ss ae | CE Eels csterce sn cscviesreennecvreeseses | Ces ce PL. 15, Figs. 14-15.......000000 Carbon Hill, Ohio.

LUNATIA. ;

gona, IBI, WeiiIg Se: csosocasusedsoonboneneeonedeeaeoe Wego, Jil, WEHVS, TG HO, WM 8) oe ccecuecaen scocoociens a Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

Eleallit Gab beewserecsractres tcc: ccvcecetresiedeosrscssscoe Pal. N, Js Vol: able pa: Figs. 13=14..:.. 00. ceteeaecc eee Mullica Hill, N. J.

SMC CMR ASH ch ccisree stale iisseciet cess swcelesicudasgieauceses f T5=16......cesemeeneeeents ‘i Sa

SMM a ona nae Genseieoces aweeeele eoea ve sia ¥eeceees | 06 GG PL, 25, “6 | TOSED.ns..cospeeeny Timber Creek, N. J.

MACLUREA. . : ’

ISTO SDY IIL All S eiacmsascercasstes\ssacedaievocwelss teeeeeiions Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 17-18.........+++ Wnnive Califitsccccincsueueectecstessecs siiventoutesseeeeeeses Beloit, Wis. _

CUNECATAN WVINIthe uty DOsisensicoccschsiscceceeencee=cseensins UG 6 Bg; 8! 5 20.esecee sn cuca) Whitewater High School.......... Galenan:. Aeceeeent Whitewater, Wis.

vaayhonyar) VEIL; (2 Nor, 1/781 heemncneo ioonerspecooon NaaeeAbon 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 17—-19....., U.S. Nat. Mus. ................22200 (Chazyirececcspoeeees Ute Peak, Utah.

subrotunda Whitf., type. ........:scsssceeseeeeeeseeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 9, Figs. 7-8.......+2 ssseeee | Whitewater High School.......... Galena............... | Whitewater, Wis.

MACHROCHEILUS. ea eas am, ‘Suton

MISCLISMNVINITE LY POn sieessercissceehosceaeesesnsnidsceene N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 7, Figs. 3-4........ Winivas Califz.....cccccareeesmem ence p: Helderb....... ublin, Ohio.

Be ters oe Job ode SACOABCOD RY : TG 25 JENS G03} seca CC Oe snes saisewe nace eeeeeemeeet (Ea IN Be gpspegacencooon Carbon’ Hill, Ohio.

subcorpulentus Whitf., type N. Y. rere Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. 14........+ Is. Bs Andrews....::..-o-ccesessees iiG@hesten are sreeeres Wevitonville, Ohio.

MARGARITA. Riv., Wy.

MN SbyascensisyVliGCi Deer cnesasepeeesoeseescvecsns sls cose Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 12, Fig. 15.......s..ssseneenee WW St, INKS IMT focorricscnoo ace nenand Gretiircerensasetesdens Vel oie cheery y

abyssina Gabb..........0..sesccrsnone-eeeee Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. an Figs. 1=3 ccd eee JARS UNG DEL oc. .sscenvcetsonstense > CP Tene Mitac ecess Burlington, N. J.

as 06 osa0cmahnenonetonsercanoaser Of 02 ARS ccsocccea ape eee Mirentony yO Naw |evecsccencessansicisenee fee OR nr Crosswicks, N. J.

MARGARITELLA. F é

PADD OLtION GADD west eieasessestress sere sesasestemesrsureaeess | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 17, Figs. 12-15......sssccesstleseeeee PXe INI, Sh 120 sgeonenceonnoecnacoocn (Gaait, Wn WH sconccore Mullica Hill, N. J.

MESALIA. : 0

elongata Whitf., type.........scseesee seceeesererseenees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 34, Figs. 13-15.:+ceesseeseensreneesees A. My UNJBEIG evoses teas aeeseeess Eocene........ sss+++ Shark River, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda—Continued.

METOPTOMA.

Barabuense Whitt,

perovale OG sBgbacadopianoacsoDebesecadsadeos

recurva 3G GE Neiobare aoteiale oleiale oeiaiaieeatestaistercisistecote

retrorsum as G6: Tue ociasfeleleibicle aicie atale ciaetelssleleeleloclsiets

simile GG OO raster ae Raae Meee ohne asses

MITRA.

—~ biconica Whitf.,

Haleana ‘‘

Mopvu._us.

lapidosus Whitf., type..........ccscccscseserecscceeeeees

MONILEA.

(LEIOTROCHUS) eborea Wagner...............-+0000

MONOPTYGMA.

Leai Whitf., type........ BM caiseamsnaswiesclenee/ssiase eis

MorREA.

maticellas Gabby itypesssrescccesiececeseeses sececincesisecacs

MURCHISONIA:

Chamberlini \Whitf., type .....2c0c:scuesceneensaeee one

OTACIUS Malle weet neciecceljo siete evtasaine sWleveisesmsicnes lst =

MWMelictenespoal terenswcceccacsiessisiemesetece eats

AINA) OTA alll ei mentrmst sateisseisteciacteiscesseisstiasce sects:

PetilavtALnc! Wn CY PCncecsoseretesscice veceeerresencneiel

PEpYOlixay NVal6c: WiHItE,, ty PC jadsecsesscsceesicinseeciens

tr Canimeartaylelalllltreteprecicinelsieleitecievsicwieeisisieisialensiseitieeielseceleciatsia

LYPC .cceeserecsccceeeesccene cocecseeee

oe weceecesoascevcccoresesonee pecescces

Murex.

Shilohensis Heilprin...............0ccecsecessesecersseees

6s var. Burnesi Whitf..............cceeeeseee

Se MULT Le feeeeerefeateotistatctetelsis scteel- (eer cis os sais sini(e-ieleeie/l-i\=iss

NATICA.

gbyssina IMIG Tie co pcenoocoabanoduneesdHoHnoseocoboscodecuodd

See ee ee ee a)

BirrcrectasWihitte ptype ssa essette.t-cosissuse vas cencssotsoss

olobulellaVinithemtypCacssesteseecces ise cere nescence cie=

PMbeliaslde Ocm Nie ityPCsmereesecewsosisee-tcsiscseeesasesis

perspectiva Whiitf., type..........scscsescscsceeeesceoees

Ortoni Whitf., pide job000 400060 vodapuo adoOnadEsoBoHONgGaKs

~~ reversa Whitf., t

(GYRODEs) Ataboniencis Wihiti:y types... ...secses

= as apetta Winitisg0ypCsrncechecsenressccsessss

(LuNnaTIA) hemicrypta ie ae

OG NYAS NSD 4, cnasanGoncnadosobooocuO oNoaadonoOuE

oe Tuomeyi Whitf., type.............eeee es

(POLYNICES))onusta Wihitfs, types-........0-0.scc0=

NATICOPSIS.

Cretacea H. & W.,

eee e cece rere sence ses seseseeserescen

| Pal. Neji, Vol. 2; Pl. 245 Pig) 3.cese eee FP

. 16-17 see ae

13-14..... a

T4—15..c.0cccen hie

18 ....00050ce i,

"I 2—13..25.000

Geol. Wis., Vol.

ee 66 6é

Am. Jour. COREE, Vol. I

ce 66 6é

I, DP» 2630 .20ss see

Pal. N. J.,

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 34, Figs. 7—-1Os...3.-.0. ae

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1,

Pl. 27, Wig. 7e-seue

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 12, Figs. 19—20...2:.3aam

Cool” MSS ; Vol. 4, Pl. 24, Figs 4:2.......-.05 ee

Sl 8 65, Fig 1@.22:..-e eee

6 GG Vol, 2 lags Mg. 17 . cece .cesee

“<6 66 ‘6 Pl.'9, Higs-4...25:--- en

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 186; 27th Rept.,

Proc. Bost. S. N. H., Vol. 8, P: 303). ..0.-ceeea

Scol. SNES i Welt 4 Pl. 5s Fig. 16. sec200t eee

18...50005 0c

66 oe ce ee “ce 20

se rece cer erereeee

| Mioc. N. J., Pl. a7 Fig. 1.i.2...0eee

ce ee oe ce 2

ce ce

Pl. 24, Figs. 1=2.....ssc0s.0-e+eseea

Pal. N. J.5 Vol: -2, Pl. 15, ‘Pigs: 9—n2neesserm i

Pl, 21, Figs. 12=03-......cmm

Am. ae Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 11...

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 24, Figs. I-A.eesc sol

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Figs. 19-21

Am. Jour. Conch:, Vol. 1; p:92648.e-.c--.--eaem

N. Y. A. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl: 16) Bigs. 12-140

A lorie Conch., Vol. I, p. 264. uasseeeeeeeae

sc Pl. 27, Figs. 9=5

Go GG SG f° Ps 205 scdsceeeseee

Mioc. ls Vos lA 2 ee. | Epnopeoocons0so<05-

“ Q=10, . chee eeeeeee

oe 6 GC URS Boancognsccccicccs

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. I, p. 264............00

23d Rept. Sta iGabs ps 240s bl

Naticopsts levis Meelis sc cnceescenneeeeee ets

GASTEROPODA. (172)

WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE. LocaLirty.

(hatin, (Ceiliicgcneeacdsasosdopapedccesodcs | Calciferous. ......... | Baraboo, Wis.

ac GG TB AR eC es de nites aan ena ubrentoneneecuneee | Beloit, Wis.

MR essere Usa conesosy sess Calciferous.2-c:.+-5- | Baraboo ‘é

cé ee ce cé ceé

cc.” Cs ae a Ce OOS | Bt accent

Venaes: letenll csaseconocaadesoeeooonbods i Rocenetcoy aes 6 M. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

ns Sith SdaedanacadsagpasAaeuoeocoK Oligocene..,......... Vicksburg, Miss.

WAtaNit Sa Phils ccccaseenssasccsuenese Crete Me nsttecs | Mullica Hill, N. J.

Wis SoaNateMiustienea--ccereses cess WGICEANSS Goococdoesen Jericho, N. J.

|@naGS' ISIE Sscadconcédanneonadeqa60006 Oligocene! sisc.c.s- | Vicksburg, Miss.

Ar NM Ssh Il tssecvsctnaccoscenesss Gret-glsM..cenees ? New Jersey.

WWisesty Collis sntemscsscssesccasee Giel phittessceanseas Carlton, Wis.

MnO maya Califo. cc: ceesesiacecasiscint a dtrenton=sseeeeecesecs Beloit, Wis.

MU Calin esse sccctc.caesaesessene Uf | Socegoonedono8e Beloit, Wis.

Whitewater High School.......... Gallenaleeeesnssee Whitewater, Wis.

Din ap prcreenccsusecaccaecesscioceer Niagra ralseereeeeeeeae Louisville, Ky.

AN MIL INTo7 18 Lec cuanaoseecdeneacesacases Wiavietlyecentricrcer | Burlington, Ia.

WinivaeCalifiarceccss crc sehoumes causes eDrenton-eanneeacnen | Beloit, Wis.

E. Walter, Philadelphia........... | Miocene. .......0.++- Shiloh, N. J.

WW), @o-INlets Mn eccocsosadadcooacebe ECan iis cae crara nals Jericho, N. J.

Inuit (Collexe. -odanccgossoooscc0d |, BOEING 6 cscnsqsbe0d0 Shark River, N. J.

66 6“ | 66 3 be 6é

ColumbiayCollegeneeesseessesees se: | Grete Mies cnc Monmouth, N. J.

JAN IMLS CINE STS lets goa ae a eee cha tees Giratis IMs IM soacasoo Timber Creek, N. J.

JamesitElall Wy eepencasesasvenc cece: WHocemessmeeesetenes 6 m, above Claiborne, Ala.

USS MIC CAINI Te sacha dcaneee sites 3: Sih eae duictetcieeiee Shark River, N. J.

We SeaNa te Mussa cee nceteseccce Mliriassicia. suceeeceo: Uinta Mts., Utah.

Namesebtallcesneueeeaeneee wena We ocene lee secrerst: g m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

i Uiiaui if Cat ERRORS Seb Mec cnaber Gd CB Were eae aia neee Falls township, Ohio.

amvespeldialli iss dase cctasueencncseeae IDOS NS ps coacogooaced g m, below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

pe SAG eitaicte o etaieis aeioisiee sieemeeeeee EON deistesionaneeats 6 m. above Claiborne, Ala.

U.S. Nat, Mus...ccccccccssees | Miocene. .......5... | Shiloh & Jericho, N. J.

ce ee ee (74 oe ce ee ce

ee a a.

ames PElallerei 20. cs .ccceceevscen IMOVIE iGo aosoodossed 6 m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

vA Mira SIN Pe Teepe nae te an Soe Up. Helderb..... Dublin, Ohio.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

GASTEROPODA.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda—Continued.

METOPTOMA.

Barabuense WRT is S GOBASBO0000) ODO COGHOSUOTOIELS

perovale fF ace caecceeneeeeeceeerereseeeee

recurva i Seca sorren cienieatciniew aiecleseisieateie

retrorsum ce Beae Caren ineniais ie sate suleuateicialo siniein = wien

simile WG Le aera serneireuesscseseaieewes see

MITRA.

Beeebconica Wihith.; type....c.c0sesc--cascaronser senseceses

Haleana ‘ CO FS EHS SUC a ADE CCOMADCEROC EOE Raeeaeee

MOoDULUs.

lapidosus Whitf., type...........cseeeeeeseseeeeneeeenees

MONILEA.

(LE1orrocuHus) eborea Wagne?..............1eeeeeee

MONOPTYGMA.

They \AVIS 5 (99) 81255 soo gognonee spp oosepenoobonpponsepascoos

MorEA.

naticella Gabb, type.........0:sssccoscseceeeeeeeenecesees

MURCHISONIA:

Chamberlini Whitf., type

GEOINT 18 IGN coonoonaanecoondocornosoconnaopeno95000905900

helicteres Salter...........

major Hall.................

petila H. & W., type

?prolixa W. & Whitf., type

tricarinata Hall

MUuREX.

Shilohensis Heilprin...............22:sscseeseeeseeneenees

of var. Burnesi Whitf..........cssescseeeeees

SJB TRESS ao ssncnosooeonasonepano so uncopevaEpceaDqND03EOI000

NATICA.

PibySsina gl Oltweemencosssas scr asessseesceneer soeaeocekdens

~~ erecta Whitf., {B21 Ssocos000anc900"LoDosaanN0nIEDONN90000

globulella Whitf., type

PUlGel iam eMC ciiby Dr carercneceersesa-esecusconssssene

perspectiva Whitf., type

Ortoni Whitf., type Mareceeneries

> reversa Whitf., {RY]BE oo oessbeecosonapsesas5seD9G09GbONNS

Bee tODES) Alabamensis Whitf. , type

Cs aperta Whitf., type

(LunaTIA) hemicrypta Gabb

0G NEL OSHSAY Ar teasenetoceseiecssnetevessdetcatine

OG Tuomeyi Whitf., type

(PoLYNICcES) onusta Whitf., type

NATICopPsis.

Cretacea H. & W., type

Fee eeceeceeseceesesescccccssseaes

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Locality.

‘

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Figs. 16-17.......05...4), ie...

oe EEE 5. 88 BEARS eee lee.

“ OG OL PUREE Letts cco

GG GG 66 66 68g 6 8 ee

“ 6 (66 6C gS Gt

Am. Jour. (CONAN Vol: I, p: 263)...c.c...20ceeeeee Ree

“46 «PL. 27, Fig. 6...cc0c00e

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 34, Figs. 7=-10;..............00e08 j

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 7........ : Brcs's

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 12, Figs. 19-20

es wee nee cecee Panncce

Ceol Was: 5 Welk 4, Pl. 24, Fig. 4

“5, Fig. 19

6 Gt Vol. 25 Plige Bigt 07. sneceerseae

G6 Ke 6€ Pl. 9, Fig. 4). osc. seseseseeeeh Reseee

24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 186; 27th Rept., Pl. 13, g. 8

Proc. Bost. S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 303

(Ecol Noe 9 Well a ral 3 Fig. 16

Penne ence wee eens Pecereee

6c “ce 19 6c “ec

Mioc. N. ae Pl. ID Eh I

‘eé

Bene ere enna eee e cesses ceses! Peeeene

moe Tie

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 24, Fig. 3

cc “e

Pal. Ne J., Vol. 2, Pl. 15, Figs. 9-12......... .... |

«Pl. 21, Figs. 12-13........ssse08 ott ©

Am. Taw Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 11.........dfee--+

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 24, Figs. 1-4.....seseceeenedpeeree es

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Figs. 19-21..... [oe

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 264........cscceecrereed foresee’

N. Y. A. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Figs. 12-14........

Am. Jour, Conch., Vol. I, p. 204......2..00c0csccnms

ce ‘¢ Pl, 27, Figs. 9-10. ..

Pp. 265

Nba, Np Vos IF ee, JENS i Wel pagpapaeesesudecenccacs” >"

6s 6c GG 6c

“cc ee ce oe

23d Rept. St. Cab., p. 240,

Naticopsis levis Meek

Wis. St.

A. M.N.

Univ. Cal

jae Hall

atv: WG Aliffercccncssscuesascsieucberts

Ce AG STAN orate ke icle digaie dieses

GG Se UNoaattcnentels osiceecree recy

“ec oe 3

Goll... cecesnaseascsseeenee

Univ. Callif.........cssccseeneeeeeeees

Uniy. Calif.........ccucenseeeeeeeevee

Whitewa'er High School b0

Dr. Knapp......600 ceoeeeseveees

Univ. {Celli eaaosuaaeasesatueccesascede

E. Walter, Philadelphia...........

U.S. Nat. Mus........0.seeeeeeeeee

Rutgers College

Miocene. .........--.

Oligocene.. ......... |

Cret. L. M..........

Guelph.............+.

Galenase.-tececne ene

Niagara.........0.+++

Waverly ..........+++

Trenton,

| Baraboo, Wis.

Beloit, Wis.

Baraboo ‘*

ce ce

. | 6M. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

| Vicksburg, Miss.

| Mullica Hill, N. J.

| Jericho, N. J.

Vicksburg, Miss.

| ? New Jersey.

Carlton, Wis.

Beloit, Wis.

Whitewater, Wis.

Louisville, Ky.

Burlington, Ia.

Beloit, Wis.

ce oe

6c 6c

Shiloh, N. J.

Jericho, N. J.

slat River, N. J.

Monmouth, N. J.

Timber Creek, N. J.

6 m, above Claiborne, Ala.

Shark River, N. J.

Uinta Mts., Utah.

g m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

Falls township, Ohio.

g m., below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

6 m. above Claiborne; alee

73 ce

Shiloh & Jertcha: N. dh

6c 6c GG ce

6m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

Dublin, Ohio.

= 7 7 i = >

* - a

= - - “

S +

: 7 ra = >,

5 ' p 7

: 4

uy af ~ : ~

- y

‘ - A - - ‘

/ .

' 2 ) i‘ ,

A A ; =

“ ‘ .

, =

a 7 u : 2 Va

. 3 - 3 .

i 1

: A re,

“

- : 5 R

: ie 7 “

WHITFIELD :

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda— Continued.

NatTicopsis—Continued.

gigantea H. & W.......csccecsecseeseecesseteeeeceeeees

Jeevis Meek (by error)..........csecsceeeceeeeeeerenees

PA CZACMNNINILE CYC seeoteece set aenscesomnacesiecaselauiietr |

NEPTUNELLA.

Mullicaensis Whitf., type..........ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees

NEVERITA.

Cuplicata Say. ........cccsssesccecsterscecsesceeeecerereees

OBELISCUS.

conellus Whitf. ; type. .c.c.cecs vcs csaesesersineleiias

ODONTOFUSUS.

medians” Whitf., “types. .2.:..c....cen oceceseeesdnesices

rostellaroides ‘‘ se nosed cnt ae ooene came aeneeneeincsacs

Glacki) “Gabb; Sp. ty Pers sccacisecssc case cise sinetelscinns

typicus: Whitt), ity pe. s.c-cssacwauslecsensiesnuieesesesle'sac

OLIVA.

Carolinensis Conrad... ........0...0ss00e scccsevessscescess

OPHILETA.

(RAPHISTOMA ) primordialis Winchlelllfeassccseceees |

PALAACHMEA. |

Irvingi Whitf., type..-...seeeceeeeessseseeseeneeeeeees |

typica H. & W. » tYPE..c.ccnccceveracstonroecrooecesernee |

PERISSOLAX.

Citbialn Gab bieepcaccccectsisetsctteciecionecleisiiclesisicisisisis'seisisisie<'=

S 66 LYPO...ecccenceecee ree eee cence tees eee eeeeeeees |

fadtralng 66 “SG SdoonpndooSnsddanoqandobodadsoodoaEa0n0 |

OG oe apres erieretsaraloteielcieiele oleic (oie c\clejeieleieleleic/ereleleleieieiele |

PISANIA. |

—— Claibornensis Whitf., type.........cecceeenseeeeeeeeeees |

PLATYCERAS.

bivolve W. & Whitf., Wee Beeches eccindsacnsen teers |

paralium GG. | GB e cagbeosodaanndopseoposoqoos |

PLEUROTOMA.

~~ Adeona Whitf., type MRE ence hv aicticslose oe stele nabe(sians

~~ capax Cl CMMI Reet tayeeicforeferalelaja'e]e’sie [oisiaie eiele\s[eie(s/stele

Farmingdalensis Whitf., type ..........-eeseeseeeeeees

nasuta Whitf., type snnsagadoon beodogoodacuapodEnGoGsOnSGS

——~ persa Ce recto ielec'-loreiseieisisilsie-/-\nejeloieinetaisicio.ncisialele

regularicostata Whitf., DDE Hadaband abedeoddonachosGddcos

surculitiformis:. © — $s ..sesseeeesececceveesccsces

(DrILL1A) pseudoburnea Heilp..........eeeeeeeeteees

(SUSCoLES) aldspira Wintiy type soc SungeEDEOROOEECOOT

PLEUROTOMARIA.

Brittoni Whitf., type.,.....cceessseseeeereeeecetereeeees

Estella H. & W., 6 wcscecccceccecessccecsecscccnceeees

inexpectans H. & W., type sduad DoHoRteeospodoRCoOnNSHOS

Tsaacsi «i i 8 NE etc neeceeercecceccecorece

| Pal. N. J., Vola ePlejesrsiies 7-9

| 24th Rept. St. Cab. »p- 195

23 oh Bey Sis CAD: P12) Figs. 8-10

eee er eccseseeee.

eee eeeeesceses

eoccoe

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 4, Figs. 20-21

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 21, Figs. 13-16

see e eer ee sess ceescece

es eeececeroseeessogses

Pal. N. Ji, Volue2; <b )-e 5; aigs:

ce ‘ 6 oe

ee ce (a3

“on

a «6S. 15

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 19, Fig. 8

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 10-11

see e eer ccesceee

Geol. Wis:, Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 8-9

23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 14, Figs. 4-5

eee eee ee ees ceecee

see cee eee sees

Pal. IN fies wel: 2, Plo 35. Pig.2ghe-casesseestes = eee

Cero

21, Hig:

“¢ Figs.

see cereeeensece

6é ee ce

eee ce cere eeescesece

ee oe

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 2

eo ecceceese

Proc. Bost. Soc. N. Milos Vel 8, p. (pom ReesHoncosec

oe ce ee

st eeeeeccccons

secre cee reccceres

Re me Vol 2s Pl. 23, Figs. 3-4

done SOE. Vol. 1, p. 262

30 Pl. 27, Fig. 4

SING ee Vol. 2, Pl. 23, Figs. 7-9

oé oe 33, ce

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 21,) Bigs:g3—me

Pal N. J.5 Vol. 2 Pl. 33 Figs. 10-11

ee ee ce I2- 13

eee wee c cc cccoseeseees

~ ** Dl. 2fy Bids Geocevccccees

eee e eet ewes eeeeees

“oe

eee cee ee cre eecens

eee ee tee t ese eesseeses

Laphami Whitt 55

wee e reese eee eeeesesecesesesee

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5; Hig. 12. .2...es-ese- so ena:

23d Rep. St. Cab., Pl. 12, Figs. 6-7.........-seseres.

Geol. Wis., Vol. re BE 18, Big's' Que ceccce- seen

GASTEROPODA. . (173)

| WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE. LOcALIty.

| alanis rea.

| |

| | |

oo) |) Nig: We ASYige nd Ce Secencosoaqadossecco la@hemunperreeseeneee | Rockford, Ia.

ame GE) etaa seas para | Up. Helderb....... | Dublin, Ohio—N. Cretacea.

(Winivan Califor cssnecetiscisoslencisss Se Wee Hestei ieee messes | Newtonville, Chio.

PRPNPRS Sahil. cs scale steers Ii Cretan, Lat Mio cee. Mullica Hill, N. J.

Wg; Sp ANNE NING 3 cosansuqacossedoodes I Miocenere snc seerance Shiloh and Jericho, N. J.

PAMBNGE So Phill veccredecnadeerdesien< Cre tapi ieceeer an | Haddonfield, N. J.

Rutgers College...... eR56A006I06000 | Creteloa Me eee ese Up. Freehold N. J.

PUP lKeMtOnewN[ clliececmessceeiscciesetese'e hain v6 OG Geaqcaodn | Holmdel, N. J.

WEA NER Saint ise esti ileecs steels eases iene nee BC agan0d6ac Crosswicks, N. J.

Rutoersm Collegennnrcscssecese eect. hese OO cosoaeouc | as se

Wer Nate MUS tocesceoccsse scence WOEONGS adoasosaooe Jericho, N. J.

Nie Gali 20.8500. cet aces | Potsdam. ........-. Devil’s Lake, Wis.

WSS Stee (Colll. ca. tscesnkeecacessccss Ro psdameceascnccene Jackson Co., Wis.

INPRV ER Sta MiUISH cco ncmoceseskcledeen eG Se | Keeseville, N. Y.

Pe putciersiy Colleges cecseeeceneescecse Crete Mee eece | Holmdel, N. J.

APACS IN Seo bese dneeseanees cases es Cee Ua caecaeias Mullica Hill, N. J.

He nye aiurceectcretiacit wtcislsagiae Cassy Chay Ceenonene Timber Creek, N. J.

PACIVICUNE Elissa tesneasNsebioe'eeiscieniiss ee SCiaisccts shed | os as es

Jamiespilalle saecsiesasce-sssccremene INCA NS soanucaaoandode | Claiborne, Ala.

Nee VEGSIN ILS eee cians cluinioy «eeinien oe | Waverly...........0.. Burlington, Iowa.

ames vElalleey Me cwceccousnecsincgeacese Eocene sense snecrescee | 9 m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

«g SE SOE GASB ROCHE NOLS OS aE ERAS Ee eleaareictaatere aeeciee 6m. above Claiborne, Ala.

NutgexsaColllegetnenrecmeseeeee sets CrelaU Mer ree Farmingdale, N. J.

Waammes) lal lle Oc aoc eaaillseetace ISOGENSssogo00e0000000 6 m. above Claiborne, Ala.

COME oa Se oI nega EERO sr, | Osi TUN abana 9 m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

PAUSINI eEN 5 JEL cies s nu ducosaticeeseaiies Si bie aida eaters . | Shark River, N. J.

INutoerssCollegeniasc.csseceencece Pin: We pBeOR NC HONG HSS ss ss te

We Sa UNI rn Ieee ne docadcsosocuneca Miocene............. | Shiloh, N. J.

PACE NIE IN Ee ot cc vccshcsonauceaaee IBOCENEypecacceeeaces Shark River, N. J.

Heuoers) College: ......csseseeccuedeee Se clea teat iathis ss i ce

Tiagitionns De) Basan oneness ccaarpets GretUAe Mires Farmingdale, N. J.

DBGAP pe cess esadesoncosseneacucie Hamilton ........... Falls of the Ohio.

ORR BIOS He Melson reels oe edace eet Clinton ere snesececse Clinton Co., Ohio.

INE RVG Ste ieee eon! ake csc cabneees Up. Helderb ....... Raymond Sta., Ia.

WIVES ac Cag Col lMereec sc. skcaas sere Niagarals secenee secs: Ashford, Wis.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. GASTEROPODA. (173)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE. Locatity.

Gasteropoda— Continued. | % aa ee.

NATicopsis— Continued. |

lgeiatiee Il, G3 \W/cgosoasussosoconocdanasannaeqesodos6cc0 23d Rept. St. Cab , Pl, 12, Figs. SETO cece. neste INe Wo fSiis, MM ecoasocedaooogpedponeeee | Chemung............ | Rockford, Ia.

DESWIS mechan ((DYMELEOL) s.secee<ceveecesiicsossseusecess es a Bice secececineteey es fA sete eeeeeeeeeeeeeneseens Up. Helderb....... | Dublin, Ohio=N. Cretacea.

PACZACMAVVLILTasITYDE ve csiees sss veveeeredeuneasSsasevctees's N. Y. Acad. Sci , Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Figs. 15-16......, NOAM Calif cts ienceessareseccuecwes Chester cee | Newtonville, Ohio.

NEPTUNELLA. |

Mullicaensis Whitf., type...........csecceeceeeeeeenees Pali Nes a5) VOl2) blo yy iss 20=2 0a PARSING Semele cnsitecievcwsmeaecisey | (Giel, We Wo posanooe Mullica Hill, N. J.

NEVERITA. |

HAM PLGHtAMOA Yleeeton ce esacheclsc cc eilseeeesniesietcaieriivere’ Mioes IN. 5) Ply 21, Figs) 13=16........--c sees Wem Sen Nat NGS tiennesevessseccessss INGEN cecnoosesoncs Shiloh and Jericho, N. J.

OBELISCUS. | |

ToNellUsiWihith., t¥ PCs. .ceccnceccsecsccccccsccvcensosceens Pal. N Vol} 2,P). 109), Pigs 1 ..2...<..aceee ' PAGE NE Sal htlees acces ceccatecnsss cs li Gre tam les lees aereee | Haddonfield, N. J.

yp g | J

ODONTOF Usus. /

medians’ Whitf., “type. ........0...005 csececseecescsens Pell, Ble J; el: a Pl. 5, 1s 18-21. -2:csse0eccee ees Rutgers College ren use-e-essese (Gin Jp Wil ppoassac Up. Freehold N. J.

rostellaroides ‘‘ O60 vv anowatae ese ee ta eais acten ceaweiss 6, (CEy Pere eerecic.d |) dons TN@atovel, INE, |eoootecoscodseresécoscee es CO ONE ener Holmdel, N. J.

lackie Gabby spy) ty peices see -csancsteeroesecenenrae es OG G6 6 6S BED. Siew nce os eee EERE AN, ING Sh J8)t0lloconcoccgnadsoncacenan05 es CC pooeeeae Crosswicks, N. J.

Ry pIGUsE WiNIthe ity PCrrcs+ceresmerrescetresseses scenes oe ug us OG IE Ss LOT aapepenigoonc: {> sade Rutgers College...... ....ssesesee fs SOE cae cacbe Bt oC

OLIva.

Garolinensis| Conrady. jesccssessrvesesscnertresccecvsnemee IND ING Von 1G 2G), JES isceonondoneceecosnnaracconnee df) afc Wa Sem Nate Miscrscresiececseceense | ININ@YeEIES ecocosnennne | Jericho, N. J.

OPHILETA. | |

(RAPHISTOMA) primordialis Winchell............... Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 10O-11.............004 sere Oiriryanen Calliftenetststetselsictaoseetsser eters Potsdam. .........- Devil’s Lake, Wis.

PALZACHMEA. | 3

Ibaaberee) WANs 1571612 pocosenooencoooastecnaarobadeaeodoos Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 8-9..........0:0cc0ee DE ain Wisse tae Collae. kere esas caine Potsdam. ............ | Jackson Co., Wis.

EY PLGAMEL SOC 1, LY JDC uscectecseenstaseverveeseserersucscs 23d Rept. St. Cab., Pl. 11, Figs. 4-5............. ii Aerie TN MG, thE IMS peccapanscadeosoan5cc606 Seta aac ay | Keeseville, N. Y

PERISSOLAX. = cn Gace, Blscle Mee

dubia Gabb Pal. MN Nol. Ay Pl. 3}. FigecQis.ccs.scsesssee eee 8) eres utgers College............0-..00008 re aa Rasen or olmde

«“ « ys “ Figs IO-11.....05.0000eee Kocos |) AX INE Sh Tedodl of Co eeepaccon Mullica Hill, N. J.

trivolvis ‘ GG Ga ae 2K, Fig. Dis.cs.0secnesee eee ‘alee ay . « M. M......... Timber Creek, N. J.

ef a se GG Ge 66 Figs. 2=3...0).<cenc secon su aemer DNe IMIG Ne JE ls arcondoeeasandonecnoccdde Gi Le PRA ECD 00 GG oe

PISANIA. :

~~ Claibornensis Whitf., type..........0cseceseseseeeeeeeee Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 2.......... Lon James) Elia escwemecsesses--eese=eie Boceneseccssesce vers Claiborne, Ala.

PLATYCERAS. :

bivolve W. & Whitf., type A AODSTNoSOaRCOSECSORORCEOOSO Proc. Bost. Soc. N. i: pvol: 8, p. B02 Reeopobedoe: <f |iicene A. M. N ss nuiersbocgbbno500n000005000 Waverly eponosanaodcn Burlington, Henry

paralium CCR GEN fs tors aad) nenoeeenctaa. en ile a BReereerocc| | |pocce 5 SS veasancenverccscssscceeee | aeecenncecere

PLEUROTOMA. *

2 ae . below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

ae iE type 600990900I000009000 n58agc600N00a00000 Sui (Jette Cowie » Viell I, a nee Baoncaonnso0 fie Yanies Pee, eens eS oe et ae

sanemODoNGoGC Cao bONduEE AAD OOHOIIOOS ; BEER pBecoccl| bocea

__ Farmingdalensis \Wilabtiting 15 7)0%2:ncoqooncendaasenenseoscoe Pal. N. J., Vol 25 El. 23, EGS: 3=4% cessetseciseiaeeen } ie. Rutgers College. .........0::seeeeeeee Farmingdale, N. J.

Hall 6m. above Claiborne, Ala.

~ nasuta Whitf., ype pa daauoSsdccqon Cou sioGeEeN sea gaSOSH00D Ea Jews (Geile, Vol. I, p. aed Beobagosnqqnccccc. poets Jartes mana eos eee ICON 9 m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

—— persa MMMM SRI eres oa anu uctaMen soaes seh ceils = 66 Pl 27 hig d aeentetseerete aver | $6 SS da acenceenccnccccncvencceese N.

regularicostata Whitf., Sins Bapeandtene rence eraciecenss Pal. N. vb Vol 2, Pl. 23, Figs. 7—9...+c0-esesrseosg fies | A. M. nee seereedecesesecerereracas Shae ver J

syegaerelh(entoyaties OG C8 aceeadpocsan Gu Oe 6633, $6 B-Grccceecceeeecesene Rutgers t Ms SS Seana Shiloh, N. J.

(DRILL1A ) pseudoburnea Heilp....... Mioc. N. J., Pl. 21, Figs. 8-17.....:..:eceeeessescoone U. S. Nat. Mus........csscesceeeeeee Sean hee oa I.

(SurcurA) altispira Whitf., type... Pal. N. J Vol. 2, Pl. 33; Bigs: LOU ier.ccsaveeeee awe Gin anes

“ 36 ae CO ean sheatsen easncniions gs OT 2-T3 ceecasereerens

PLEUROTOMARIA. Farmingdale, N. J.

Pe reer MV NI Cle ety De. yfvsesescsacsetvecea+e-nascecesevee Pall Ne J, Voll. 2, Pl. 23, Figs: 7—91.-..0..0-s ee é Tae eae

Hamilton ........... alls

EstellaH.& W., ‘“ 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 195....ccsecresecncnnseeeeeeeees GR Clinton ConiOhion

inexpectans H. & W., Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl, 19) LNSS He aepeeopasgoocecrn co” Up. Helderb ....... | Raymond Sta., Ia.

Isaacsi 23d Rep. St. Cab., Pl. 12, Figs. 6-7 eee BOSCOBEL Ashford, Wis.

Laphami Whitt, Geol. Wis., Vol. a Pl. 18, Fig. Q....scescescsnceeees

ee is =k x?

Saez.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda— Continued.

PLEUROTOMARIA— Continued.

Mississippiensis W. & Whitf., type...............0.6

MECIMEnS Peal RA Mo locas cowie nection anes ace en

Racinensis Whitf.,

SUNCOmICa weal I oie Fact Mice at ue ceneecesh TR ee

glintonensisOWihitf. ; type {4.2.4..ccs-scecscucaeecneeee

(IsoNEMA) imitator H. & W. type............0...006

PLATYCERAS,

squalodens Whitty, typelsscesceddccenasossntees aeneene

PLEUROTREMA,

solaniormes Wihitf., Gtypedi..:eecssettestin setae

6é 6e

Cee eee recess cesccesesessescses

6e¢ e¢ ce

CU rary

POLYPHEMOPSIS,

Wouisvillze TH. .&. W. ;atippe....cs...sce.eseseeecece, eeeces

Sa OAD PI bl Geo WV nn nae pueenu ds sate at rate

miclanoides Whitt aby pe wecedceeede seduce scales

PORCELLIA.

crassinoda W. & W.,

SCIGtaMblenoca ie hyDe, shenea ese een umt menaced eases

POTAMIDES.

ENabamiensisnyyMith ,atype! sis ceeeecssccenseeeen cok

PSEUDOLIVA.

PYRIFUSUS.

CUM EUS MAN OT they by POs: sieacels<cascanalesscseoscensnects

ELLALLCUS BVVINICE Vay ty peor atene ant lav.cccbesccesescelarccce

Macfarlandi Whitf., type

Pee e ee cceeeserscerevessseseces

Miceli WW Dith aby pe tette anaes lacduvecescececucdarotccecs |

pe MV NIMItie aby Pens et eres ce ness css 0sseccessadecnucacees

IMAMINIGAENSISKGAD DEAR cNaescccces sveiccnucnheue

PyAulordest(Gabbemty peswsesestes.ccss.soscseetsccranese |

PORCUS MV VAI, aby Pena ssdeseseccrccst-sccorcvocuccecce

6 ce

66 6

CC eee er ereseseesescessesesoecccescese

PYROPSIS.

clevatarGabbantypercenscaecnaset ss sonidescuivcsdewesenee

Meaticordes Witt type memset etcdsces.ccasnceocseee:

? obesa Whitf., type........... pm EnoddgocoubERSaDedsoaeon |

perlata Conrad ?

CO SO ei ir

ReileyinWihith | types wr ewes oo cs |

ce ce ce |

Cee ee eereecseesese resect ccceeesesese

o¢ ce 66

Peewee ween cece ese ceeeessse eee eeses

mevifer Gabby cessna ne as cetae ona Cent siche cstc mec

Richardsoni Toumey ? .

trochiformislioumey, Women nee eeeeeeeecncnee rene

(RAPA) (Corinna Wihithitypercsasdsceneseveneuener ts

PYRULA.

pepuvinis Wihitt, .itypes: ssecaenenanen eee cas emeeeneees

Bee wee wees eeseessseescseeseses |

Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 302

Fal.@hio; Vols 2; Pls '8, Biol 2.) ae

Geol) Wis: Vols45 Plat 8, (5°97 = Say sane

“é 66 66 ‘ 6 coy

Fete e ences sere sceser

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 7, Figs. 6-7

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 22; Figs: 10-1

GG 86 BE a6 ‘12-13 eee

ce Go 66 ‘Fig. 14GShseeee

23d Rept. St. Cab., PI. 12) Figs, 1-25

24th Rept © St.*Cab). os. 5...ccsenseec ae

Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 303

23d Rept.:St.. Cab. jp. ;240:....c5: 0/0 eee

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Biggs. sso

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1; p: 260)5e=see eee

Fal: N. J., Vol. 2, Pl: 24; Fis: 205

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2; Pl. 4, Figs 2o=1neee eee

oe ee oe sé OC 4-5 eee c cece ceccces

‘“ &< “ « <6 LASTS i eeeec ee ee ae

<< “ “ 6 66 7B easeecse eee

“cc “ce 66 OG Fig. On. cate ee

6é (73 (73 6c Figs 16-19 = olele atule/aleleleloietateterd

ce “ (8) (12213

‘< or Pl 5, | SS 2

Ga ct ‘ 66 66 BE eee eee

Pal. 'N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Figs) 21=19)=.n

6G 6c 6c“ oy, 6c 5-7 4 Sednccsdcoss*

6“ 73 (73 Bo ce I2-13 BOODOONDO S500C

66 6c Gta) 1 UC S=lON is. sce

66 6c 66 25 SS DS. cee

66 (73 GG BG 6é I3-I7 cn cele cnenen eee

“6 7 fe ee 6” 18-10.....: 2

‘< “c S686. (66 TAM. sas deceeceeeeee

6e 6 “ey <4 —T Os esac Sasecho3

‘ a3 ‘c « 6e Ase - ae |

66 “6 OSS % SO) 13, ci liseeseceeeeeeee

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, D>) 25Q -oncsnceee es ee eeaaae

GASTEROPODA.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

| LOCALITY.

sececeee

eer ccces

seeocosee

ee cccsee

PA Air DON a2 bmeceee asec cceshecses

Columbus @Ohioweessescessee ease

Wiss ots Colle eeneranesccsececsewenes

WimivenGalitvacessnocucnsescevecsceesens

Columbia Collegere ns assseesscses

IDYes: ROPE SDL cogagasoanssodacossqoac000r |

meee eee c eases esesere

Tetnes Tele ccossocognsansnanbebobbdece

Rutgers) Colleges -deeecceeesecest

dlirentomaNGeliecesas neta ciecie acc:

Columbiay Colleseteessaseseacee

plirentomse Neel seawcencassananchiscls

RutoerssCollegeressseescnecsscsces

ColumbiasCollegeycoe.c..-cecsene

MlinentonsaN as Jevac. ssc cbaesn etre scecee

CON Sem Y pM eel acuscensease

Rutgers|Colleges... 2 0:-.-.5...060-:

TANG Sr DUE hen es sk cecat veces

eNom oS ser bala Seesmic oclsers ols ve to's

66 ce

wees eocceecesseccccseccs

PAS VISITED ea eeeseneencles Suc aes

MirentonsyNeiiinccucecte encanta:

Rutgers) College sete ncsesteestes

eccccscccceecsccceces

eeeccseceseccesessccn

ecco ccccorssersceccsccen

eercceccccceesecescsccee

ore eescecscececcccesecccves

Wravienlyeccceeensaees

leita anal cneeresences

Pe access seceee

WpsElelderbrescsee

Chestenreeeeeeee

Waverly

eee cee sence

ea eeeee

Oligocene

Eocene

eo cece eeeee

eee ee se eeeeseece

eccccccee

eescosces

| Burlington, Iowa.

| Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Racine, Wis.

Beloit, <“¢

Tinton Falls, N. J. ?

| Falls of the Ohio.

| Columbus, Ohio.

| Timber Creek, N. J.

e 6é

ce ce

| Louisville, Ky.

Newtonville, Ohio.

Burlington, Ia,

| Dublin, Ohio.

6 m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

Vicksburg, Miss.

Shark River, N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

Cliffwood, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Freehold and Mullica Hill, N. J.

Burlington Co., N. J.

Middletown, N. J.

Burlington and Crosswicks, N. J.

Burlington Co., N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

66 ce

Freehold, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Various, N. J.

Keyport, N. J.

Walnford & Middletown, N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

>) a

Holmdel, N. J.

Claiborne, Ala.

(174)

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

GASTEROPODA. (174)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE. Loca

Gasteropoda— Continued. | |

PLEUROTOMARIA— Continued. |

Mississippiensis W. & Whitf., type...........esece00 Brows Bost. Soc: N. H.,, Vols 8; 302 eae Eeemrer | AA UDEATDOL. ct.c.sessaceecverescearess Waverlysnssseccsse:: | Burlington, Towa.

IEGIGCHS HEL all eseeren stares anesesetareseeossneacsasecensee WeaMl (OVO, WIL, 3, I, Gy LMG, Be ersancnanonnonocueened Columbus, Ohio............s0eec000. | INE RENE cesccencc6o: Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Racinensis Whitf., type............ccssssceseceeeeeeeees Geol Wis) Volts) Pl 18), °c 78) en Wis. St. Coll.............. ses SOR aa eaaeec: | Racine, Wis.

SUCOM Camda Wee cecciesecccsarscrsoslevaccsivcuaneesn se GO te eal 6 SONOS oir Univ. Calif...........0.000 ea) |) Drentontieewssesrns | Beloit, “

Tintonensis Whitf., type ....-....0:-sseesenesecosconees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 22, Figs, 6-9 Columbia College Bee. |e Cretee in Mb eecny snc | Tinton Falls, N. J. ?

(IsoNEMA) imitator H. & W. type................0+ 24th Rept. St. Cab., p. 195 ; 27th Rept., Pl. 13, Figs}.9-10. | Dr. Knapp...............ccsseeseeeeee Up. Helderb....... Falls of the Ohio.

PLATYCERAS. : ‘ |

squalodens Whitf., type........-sssccsseecsseceeeereasee N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 7, Figs. 6-7..........| Columbia College. ...............08 Up. Helderb ....... | Columbus, Ohio.

PLFUROTREMA. lig

Bolariformie Whitt.) types-n.s.sesceccsescerscewecesore Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 22, Figs. 10-11..............21 Cret. M. M....... | Timber Creek, N. J.

ag ie Spe Netanarea sie staat ertessnteest G6 GG ct a DOI 2D 1 BS RMBRES Gri ae 86 eccooee | se gt

“He ag Oa. sonaapsgnOneenoconaCoOaEEeeEE i a6 Gb £65 Migs MiAind.wcctocs ocean &s OG Fe Saas 6 ac

POLYPHEMOPSIS, is i

Louisville H. & W., type.........0ccsccscescsecseneees 230) Reptsot. Cabs, Plea) Bigs) 1—2).ess.nerseneee ING ES AMG een eth desceatacscscecse | Up. Helderb........ Louisville, Ky.

Ta PPIs blag CCN View siseeinnceeensteccesessssmeeensss 24th Rept St. Cab... seneeaaseeeeeeseeeensneeeceereesen| . ; y

melanoides Whitf., type.............sesecsseeeeeeeeneee N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Fig. 13..........1 E. B. Andrews..........0..100-eeeeee Chesters sree ccr secs: | Newtonville, Ohio.

PORCELLIA. | c

crassinoda Wi./8¢ W., tYPp@v...--0cecceconececseccessnens Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 303....cecccccceneg creeeee’ Ann Arbor. ......cceseeeeeeeeeeseneeee Waverly ............. | Burlington, Ia,

RGIOPApenGc We types v.cdeacessdseccessuuewsvesivv ees cc 23d ReptraSt Gabs,.p 240s os. sores saree ease a Rev. M. Herzer.........seceees Up. Helderb ....... | Dublin, Ohio.

PoraAMIDES. j | =

PMIADAMICNSISNVVHItE, LYPCl.ceccsecsnescerevcessosnscsss Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Fig. 13..........feressee James Hal vere ceccessecseeeosessnsee Boceneyeenesseeests ss 6 m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

PSEUDOLIVA. ; ’ “

ENliocicaMVVilitieenhyesteesccsrecsaecrtessivercauete serene Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 260...........ssseeereee James Hall. s.ssseeseseeseeeeeseees Oligocene ........... Vicksburg, Miss.

Resist CODTAC Anan tnsnaueteaactevcavsnsscuslceccecveees TEEN INI dog Walk 5 Jab 2H VE On escnonanpnsncicennie Rutgers College............s.see0eeee Eocene ......s:s0.00s Shark River, N. J.

PYRIFUSUS. é

GCUITIPUSMAVVIOI tir wLY PEt avecsswlsicceieciecsensccesseaeessns Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 4, Figs. Trenton, Ny. Jececscssceerrceaceeeneer Cret. L. M.......... eel y J.

EMAtlelis VW VIMIth NEY PEseccedecscees-caseessceoeroseesessee 60 GG ag 0G 4-5 Columbia College... -»- | Cret cc... teeteeeeeee ru las ae a

Macfarlandi Whitf., type ....0-.cecccsccesccescseeseees “ & “ « “ 14-15 | Trenton iNes Jiecsssccesseaedscsk sovees Cret. L. M Borer on ica Eu ae

ise /iat WILT 15710 eae eee CS MO 6 8 foooescer NTIS tela aaa Ce posewichs, Ns}

BUS SLM iy plese cer. cotervscavsecceesivactsenses ED CE ESL sea EE olumbia College «......-sserseroes CE eeaeeeey ae

Mullicaensis Gabb D ACO CSD CEOLE DOO SACO AD CACE ECO EOR Ce RER CE es Os GG “« Figs. 16-109........ Trenton, N. J teeeeecncesrsensasescees . pe geco SO Ee Caen Hl eye

pytuloides Gabb, type.............ccssccsseceneseeeenees fs ay OG SG OE AF er 50005 x Os Een i ee ee Mid nice N 7 :

7 = ‘ 0G 79 G eco utge’ sivesivecsiasaussasocomces | . 5 | * wasuisisam ’ zi le z

OE OSES EE Tess ea ama | AGN: Counce. eT cee Burlington and Crosswicks, N. J.

Pyropsis. :

Ble stele type eee fa eee cénecessssceddensenanst en Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 1, Figs 11-13 A. N.S. Phil Cret. L. Mo... Hurling ten Coe * J.

MAL COLGES | WV Mitts, OY PC ysseress ceseetescessencesep snes es GG hie Pn 77 A.M.N.H > fe: ve ea Be far rcs

? obesa Whitf., type........... WOR ohconogDeE Raeiaeaie see fe ee Cy 11118) DEN EOTGS EE Gs000 “a See

perlata (Clamec 2 deg pape ee ae | of gt CO C8 enol arn Trenton, Bel . is ean a }

pe Mey ARVs OY PCr scveceserarcenvstsevtaciccvoecuenees 0 | 6 Dyeiee a retest Biter) College ee TE Me Corsi

“ ci OE a ee Aad ae “ TS TS s rex in een ae

ot zs OO vesseeeesesonseenees S Be Ce ia OS) Res: Phils. Gow Walnford & Middletown, N. J.

RELiferd GAD yar ccecdsccs-ietsvencsclantveweces+st ef SNAG es oeee a4", eee: oe Freehold, N. J.

Richardsoni Toumey ?. ..........secceseecenceseeeees ie gs “7, “ 4-16 ey ea: ve ik Si ar nc

trochiformis Toumey ? ...........ceceeceeeeneeeeeeeeeee . cr Oe RY ay he be Holmdel, N. J.

(Rapa) Corinna Whitf., type............-.2-esecceee es Go GC gy OG Fe Rutgers College Go olmdel, N. J

ESBULA Claiborne, Ala.

eOVINIS VVC, CPC. ceseescasecascssencsesscacecessccens Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 259....ssssessseeecsnesefrrseress James Hall.....sssseesseveeerseees Eocene....+.-++.++++- aoe

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda—Continued.

RAPHISTOMA.

ACUPUTAW EL CCM Ving CY DC stsc cer acissseceetcisencecictecee

lenticulare Sowerby, sp.............esesseceeeee seers

Nas onieetlall saciasectscacitscistciaseasteiedasteseesieion see

INiagarense-Wihitt; ity pers is-sceosranwesicceeie eset

RHYNOCANTHUS.

Pm ConradiiaWihiti ity Pes sscnssssceeetcesoeseeenco:

oe 66 66

eee ec cee see ees cesses seescesces

ROSTELLARIA.

ompactayw hith:, vy Per crcckcsoseecssssccesasso sees

HUD, VOIES Xs edeacooconscaosaoudecocoboosoboduabe

‘Hebe Whitf., type

fusiformis Wihith. typerssc-eascctossoneoeceaec eels

MODUS NVI ty PCessecseosmcscosweceseepeemerieceels

ce 66

spirata

ROSTELLITES.

angulatus Whitf., type. ..........ccsceeecsseees seen

9 Dea copseancoadousscqudosoanGoaddo

biconicus Whitf.,

SCAEROGYRA.

elevata Whitf.,

SCALARIA.

Hercules Whitf., type

MULLIStHIAL A OAV ese ccc maceslse slse\cciscis setoauelenie ness

Pauperatal WihiEfy YyPereeeen cen ee-seneseeaenci-ascanes

Silliman Vortonteerencaccececewe ss cscscsiceccce ce scnene

tenuilirata Whitf., type

(OpALINA) Thomasi Gabb, type..................

S ERRIFUSUS.

? Crosswickensis Whitf., type

(Lyrorusus) nodo-carinatus Whitf., type.......

SILIQUARIA.

pauperata Whitf., type. ..........--2.2.--seccecssoees

» type.....

GRVIES, NESS Ni eacaacoosoanosossodoocaadoobocoaunzebos:

(STRAPAROLLUS) Niagarensis H. & W.

STROMBINA.

(AmycLa) levis Whitf., type

SUBULITES.

terebriformis H. & W.,

SURCULA.

Parva CON. 2.22.5... .cccececssnecerececeearcesccceevceres

perobesa Whitf.,

strigosa Gabb.- .. cc dssecnsocecsusssecieesecieccsrsssree

ANNOSa CoOnTaAds a .cce ew ecceee aeec ane ecseacemec cesses

SURCULITES.

cadaverosus Whitf., t

curtus Whitf.,

eee

Peer ce Pee ccae eres cesesecesesosscece

coe

eco

Pec ccccecess eres eresccoseseessscesceeee

eee

ove

TYPE... csesccccccsesccncssccccrnssces

ab liq ua Wibitiianty9e.ssmcmsasaacmeianslo(nnlssenncleises a

Swezeyi Whitf., type...i.....0.0.cccessecssscsseerees

eer eceeecceccces er ee ese sssecseesese

eee

coe

eee

Peececrerc ese see sceseeesereccs

eee

ere e ees ccre re cccccseeceee

eee

wow eee eres t os sececesescee |

eee

CYP... ecceeeececceccccerecsccnseeceeens

4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 20-22...

Geol. Wis. Vl 4 Pl. 6, Figs. eR seienidee eee

se ee ee ND Raia vcs Saeeete

ee 66 AEST 8 COE ben se

Pali Nei), Volc25 Pls 24) gion 8 aeeeeeee ee eee

at fs 66 ESO Titi eet ce ener

[> Palen} Vole2tablesrae Figs. 1822115

Kc 66 Soma: Q=13 s. scence

Ob Co 66. OTA, SS STS Ae eee

ob GG 66 E33 A8OO EAST hee eee

OG o¢ 66 123, Os LOT eee eee

GG Gc 66-13, SO Geena

Bell N. J:, Vol. 2, Pl. 11, Figs. ’g=40eieees-scnber

a ‘<2, Pl. 23, Figs. 10-11

GG iC sc 2, Pl. 11, Figs. 1-2..

GBs GG «6 2) Plioni,, Figss eh Oeeece. seer

Geol. Wiss, Vol. 45 Pl. 35 Bictenapeeeeessss-> eee

ce fe 60 A, Pl. 2). Pig tO lece neeeseeceee

“ce S65 6604, (Pl 35h gS 7 —O seater

Pal: N. J:,/ Vol. 2; Pleo), Big. st2 sees eee

Mioc. N: 1s, Pl. 23)) Fig.5 0.) iectessese eee

BalssNe es Vol. 2,. Pl. 18, Figs: 13=7eeccs< 2s

Oe eG 2, Pl. 18, Fig. 2. ti keisaescuseee

BG. GG cc, Pl. 34, Figs. 10=12.........206

GG OG 6602, Plin18, 0B gs tescescee cece

GG GG 6 2, Pl.5, Higs. 24=25) :cse.s costes

GOT OG 66 52) Pl 5; Bigs. 22=23))cceneeeeee

8G. 566 66 2, Pl, 18; Fig. 26) 22 sser- nee

Pal: Ohio, Vol.-25 PIL 8; High 32eccseeceeeee eee

N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Figs. 9-11.....

| Mioc. N. J., Pl. 20, Pigs. t=—4uicecssccenn: «- ceneeene

| Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 8, Fig. 6.......0::2:seeeeeeees

| Mioc. N. J., Pl. 24, Fig. £........ Es -- |

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 33, Figs. 5-6.......-sseme

66) 6 Spgs HIS: “1.2 ccncses eee

cs 30 CSCS ste Te TU peceeeeeeae

Pal, A J.; Vol. 2, Pl. 33,.Figs. 15-16...... specu

OG cc 60 33; Figs. 17—1G eae seaeeee

GASTEROPODA.

(175)

WHERE LOCATED.

| GEOLOGICAL AGE, |

LOCALITY.

peocee

pee eee

WeaSeNats MUS. iset tse ccatenscense

Whatvem Califa cercee-asdisadecnmcascoseens |

ce ce

Hwee ewe ewe ee rer eesesseeseee

meee beer ees eeees serene

eee e eres weer aeeeece

Bee ewe rete es seas esene

Deere ewer sewer eeeeene

Pee cece see ee casene

Ms Ness Phil cnoratvevescccrscct ses

cencee

eeccee

eeece

ce ce

Crewe esas ceesetesees seece

eee a wee e eee eres eee serees

ColumbiaiColllesies eae eeaeneee

Wale SseNia toa Vitis Sie cten res a ueraes

Rutgers) Collegersescedesteces ce

Brenton ING. 238. s canes seeded soeee

EAC NTBIN tL oa) Bcc cjstcedeveeeei

VANE SoM DIN Ew wetvicccenes: cessee

Rutgers College

Trenton, N. J

eee ce cecresececceces

Pee eee esr esses cessccoce

Peete eceessesececcecce

Provccccesesesvecceese

eee eeeeccccereccvcsces

Chazy

weet cece ee eeeas

sbrentonsaeee eens

| Cret. L.

ep eceeeree

U. M

eee eecece

oe eecceee

et cece ceee

Loreena Mme:

Greta leaner

Niagara..............

Chester secesscs0ek

pereseccccccce

| Ute Peak, Utah.

Beloit, Wis.

ce ce

Wauwatosa, Wis.

Shark River, N, J.

Crosswicks & Mullica Hill, N. J.

N. J.

Freehold & Mullica Hill, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

? New Jersey.

Crosswicks, N. J.

P INES:

Squankum, N. J.

Crosswicks, ‘‘

Freehold and Holmdel, N. J.

Baraboo, Wis.

ce 6“

é 66

Cliffwood, N. J.

Jericho, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

Holmdel, oe

Shark River, ‘

BONG Ae

Crosswicks, N. J.

Marlborough, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Newtonville, ‘

Jericho, N. J.

Clinton, Ohio.

Jericho, N. J

Shark River,

Holmdel,

Shark River, N. J.

N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

66 ce 66

ih i

¢ oN

‘

{

i A 5 a

“ Ou 7 i

' f

iy ‘df

44s

’

‘

fale

ih \ 2 a

i fez

j %

i , - ,

i j - Seger i

i task

~ ear ; at

i] ¢ a1 :

vail)

f LU y)

f F , x i

: t at

{

? ( -

a {

if UJ

ipo

: =| ‘=

1 ? = rs » .

; i i ‘~

. :

4 ;

i -

i, -

_ ‘

—P

;

; j

6 Pu

fe - i i

t \ ‘

‘ . j

‘

;

i ‘

n I

ov 4,

— :

hae

iy )

tae + =

x <a

i -

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

GASTEROPODA.

(175)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

| GEOLOGICAL AGE,

Locality.

Gasteropoda—Contin

RAPHISTOMA.

acutum H. & W., type............0+

lenticulare Sowerby, sp.............-

Nason Hal erro cc seeeccesseecernose

Niagarense Whitf.,

RHYNOCANTHUS.

? Conradi Whitf., type.............

oe ee 6c

ROSTELLARIA.

compacta Whitf., type. .............

_curta Whitf., type.........

Hebe Whitf., type .....

fusiformis Whitf., type...

nobilis Whitf., type Fieacaveases seins

spirata ‘“

ROSTELLITES.

angulatus Whitf., type.........csscssseceeseeseeeeceeees

biconicus Whitf.,

SC#ROGYRA.

elevata Whitf., type.

obliqua Whitf., type

Swezeyi Whitf., type...............

SCALARIA.

Hercules Whitf., type........

multistriata Say., ........+. s+

pauperata Whitf., type........

Sillimani Morton...............

tenuilirata Whitf., type.......:....

(OpaLinA) Thomasi Gabb, type

S ERRIFUSUS.

? Crosswickensis Whitf., type.....

(LyRorusus) nodo-carinatus Wh

SILIQUARIA.

pauperata Whitf., type..............

(STRAPAROLLUS) Niagarensis H.

similis M. & W...........0sessssseeee

STROMBINA.

(Amycia) levis Whitf., type......---.sseeeeeeeeeeeeee

SUBULITES.

terebriformis H. & W.., type......

SuRCULA.

parva Com. ?.......eccceeceeseeeeneeeee

perobesa Whitf., type...

strigosa Gabb...........

annosa Conrad........2.ccscesesseeses

SURCULITES.

cadaverosus Whitf., type

curtus Whitf., type..............+-

ued.

eeasis ase iiedenciss 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 20-22

SeosaNawehaswesmacwe Geol. Wis., Vol. 4 Pl. 6, Figs. 4-5

Stisecsegstecnvaces Og CON GG" 06d

PERO caeeweine's ss GGG Tes, OG TOIT!

Paictieis cetoraeineetae Pal. N. J; Vol. 2, Pl. 24, Fig. 8..............

ce (73 ce ce

iisouvh aikineedeess Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 13, Figs.

ce ce ce 13, ce

6c G “ ra, 6

ce ce ce 13, “e

60600505300 2550000 fe 00 Ee 1? Fre os

ce ce “ce 13, ee

GG GG co og

6c 6c GG

Rema sstecuiaececeute hae Of a, Pl. 34, Figs. 10-12

SecGen tsempemiaenetees OR Ug oe 2

Bott yao GG GR ey

itf., type.......... area “2, Pl.

Sant Slaton noeeaenens Osan Ee 072) Ply 185 Hig! 26), eenepess: eeneeene

& W.., type..... | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 8, Fig.

deaceeraeapeinsoeenieles N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 14, Figs. 9-11

a3 “ce

6e “ce “ce

“ce

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2,

, Pl. 23, Figs.

4, Pl. 3, Fig. 10

4, Pl. 3; Figs. 1-9

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 18, Fig. 12

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 23, Fig. 5

Pall Hs Tes Vol. 2, Pl. 18, Figs. 3-7

Pl...08,. Figo: hice Siar anaseeeeeeenee nl anls

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 20, Figs. 1-4

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2,

Ealy N Jes Vol. 2, Pl.

WeeSriNats: Musi iisccvencseeesiccce

(Winivar Calli. sevediecdhancscscneencacens

66 66

Pl. 11, Figs.

JE Bp URS ae epeinnooncssc cae *ocnnconan

1 LS 22328) igcagnocnoccecas) oe o5o000

Pl, Si Hig tOsesceszeeree

OF Th Vt Gere

5-6...

OG tt sc 2, Pl. 11, Figs.

BP een onesies GG 0G «c 2, Pl. 11, Figs.

Geol. Wis: Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Bigeert.)...p.ccccssesnmnneeeeeeereees

oe ce ee

5 Pl. 18, Wg. W,ssvec tease ouneneeeeameeneross

ence ee cscee eee cesses eseestesensenee

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 21, Fig. I........ Pee PRE ooncccocbiing S000

al a Nes Vol. By Pl. 33, Figs.

6 33, Fig. 14....+0 pacvuaseeamaaieesresisiciss

33, Figs. 15-16

“33, Figs. 17-19

AC MEUIN ESE etetias duu sev yeje+sa 0

Ak, No 1S) JA 0) iespooceneregneenaennec

Rutgers College..................008

| Cret. L. M

|} Gis We IMG naeopesn

ACUNG Se U Phi) scat sncitetsvesseaetesse

GG GG

Columbia College. ...............+

(Was viNat.) Musee eusceneeteasmanes

Rutgers College ..............0seee0

Aneemnoyn, ING | /Soaconceeceunpancobosdas

“ce

Niagara..............

Chester. .5.cssesens

Niagara..............

Miocénes..........0086

Ute Peak, Utah.

Beloit, Wis.

ce “ce

Wauwatosa, Wis.

Shark River, N. J.

Crosswicks . Mullica Hill, N. J.

aialete Matilica Hill, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

& New Jersey.

Crosswicks, N. J.

? N. J.

Squankum, N. J.

Crosswicks, ‘*

Freehold and Holmdel, N. J.

| HEXEN ry Wis.

“e

cc 6c

Cliffwood, N. J.

Jericho, N. {I-

Crosswicks, N. J.

Holmdel, se

Shark River, Gu

ie ING If

Crosswicks, N. J.

Marlborough, N. J.

Haddonfield, N. J.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Newtonville, ‘

Jericho, N. J.

Clinton, Ohio.

Jericho, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Holmdel, Gt

| Shark River, N. J:

Shark River, N. J.

sé “ce “cc

Pelion

SHE 0

yaar

a ESran

¥ Bh

teak

me a

a *

Da aie

ned

WHITFIELD:

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda —(C ontinued.

TEREBRA.

Cunvilimeatas Conrad ss, <coss.secsccncescevecteesbeseswsneee

inornata Whitf.,

TORNATELLAA.

Patae Conrad sacs sescnavcacne weacue dos sects decconsoeaesaee

TORNATINA.

Wvietherellimceasasp: .conscicecaasecueesecescecose sirens

TRACHYTRITON.

Atlanticum: Whitfs, types os csssnsscsacoomcncsseecseseee

? Holmdelense Whitf., type.............ccceceeseeeeee

multivaricosum Whitf., type..............ceceecneeenee

TREMANOTUS.

Niphzeus Halle voc .tescodcbasresscseseseosbecsasspieaveos

(BucaniA) trigonostoma H. & W., type............

‘TREMATOFUSUS.

vetustus Whitf.,

TRICHOTROPIS.

Dalli Whitf.,

TRIFORIS.

terebrata Eleilprin\itypesy.ccerjsescsritecs<censtocessats

TRITIA.

bidentatagMmmMoOnS.oasssseccccesseseeecsoteesccceseoswscine

trivittatoides Whitf., type..............-scseseeeeserees

trivittatoides var. elongata Whitf., type..............

TRITON.

Eocenensis Whitf.

LBV) Decsaoodacoooonbsadadgcooodanotooobas

BY PE tirrecieisiefaina sfotleistesatsistemeietisteeiowelieme siete

EYP Ceeavais sisscotsccserandessesiees

TRITONIDEA.

obesa Whitf.,

TROCHITA.

perarmata With ytyPlsnseressktoasencsseresscurcesatag

TROCHONEMA,

Beachit Wihithes ty per crcscncssscchiec onc saecsccas seers

iBeloitense NWinitismtypenmersctocecensediesecieeeresaececs

emaceratum H. & W.,

rectilaterum H & W,

Yandellanum H, & W., t

LY G Remar eloteselafars ssis)areleislelsis/elelsfiejslolsie/eislse cieicisla

eet ere e wesc rea teesecesecce

TUDICLA.

planimarginata Whitf.,

TURBINELLA.

2 patva Gabb; sp., typ@l..c-sassesatscssctsesvcesennn tse

? subconica Gabb, sp., tyPG...cc-..s.sse0ssseeecoones

Eeverticalis Whitf, typecsees-s-eneasureesc esse secceuee.

TURBINOPSIS.

angulata, Whitf., type. .<...ccscscondevestacucascevassuoue

CuTtayNVihitis by pecs -ceaeeeaateeeecceecmes sectieesibcs

elevata) Whitt; type.2......esseasesavesveccsoseecaetias

eee essai escesscscee:

Oe eeoeessesecsesees

Eel IN. J., Vol. 2 Pl. 5, Bigs, *S=1nee. eee

6 SEO LOW

“ “ “ 4 (21a e

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2,.P138) Fig ).csssse eee

6¢ 6é ce ee ce

5. cickaa eee

Pal. N. J.,.Vol. 2, Pl. 35, Bigse 5-727

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 23, Figs. 1-4

eee ee cer ee ee csaessscees

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 24, Fig. 6

Sect ree eee seer es ceseseesee

Mioc:(N.J, Pl. 10; Bigs37 2s. cee eee

‘ 1=3)..:ckveessee ee

ss KG es ee eye eencsacess:

Hello SS J.» Vol.. 2, Pl. 24, Bigsiq=5heeaeeeeeee

GC e086 (5, gs. (O=7 essence eee

Pal. N. J.,. Vole 2, Plo; Bigs 35 A

Mioc. N. J., Pl. 22, Figs: 15—1o22.-seemee eee

Geel: AWis:, Vol: A P63) Big 16 s22 eee none

66) Pigs. 7=8oipecsne ecco

2g Rept. St Cab, P 1933 Paik Rept., Pl. 13, 1

73 p. 1933 66 “< ‘coOU*#

66 66 a3 p- 194; “6 a3 “é

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl 8, Higc-ieesce-enss i kenene

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. wjsbigs. 1—sie.usats -eeeneee

SC ot BO Pll 93 Figs: 4=6.<...cueeeeeee

“s “6 ce Ploy 83 -7=8. Ae

7 ‘6 “c Pl. 3 as I4-15 ‘

66 “6 6 Pll 12; Figs. 17=18syes-aua ;

se ee SG < 66 3=Gii ides. neat

“ “ “ “ 6 “FO=IAeewessa

GASTEROPODA.

(176)

eeoce

eocee

1eeere

cbacce

eecete

obbsse

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

We SesiNat.Musiieces.iiaccsesaceses

Reuters: College neccscnsescees-a5s

Reuitgersi Collegerecscc sci sscceseeccs

Weays) figureicople dacacscctececeeis

Secor ee reese e weecens

Rutgers College

Bec ec cece see cccestone

66 66

eee reese scsscccsece

owed er sees ceeesscece

see c eee ees eres evccsese

ees or ecccosssccsesseece

Miss Tyndall

U. S. Nat. Mus

6é ce 66

see cee covcscccorcsece

wee meet cece eee essecsee

66 ce 66

Rutgers College

Trenton

pec eet noes ee cover eses

Cec er eesoeseseseseseeccssesesen

Rutgers College

Cece ereeoreseeesssece

U.S. Nat Mus

ee oreeccccsescoscccece

Cece e eee cceeese recess necees

6 66é c

Bee eee ccc c ep oreseccencssces

Gee ereeseseeceseessccccs escce

ce 6é

@ocesesescees caavcecescccecen

S eeccccccesceesscescseee:

Cee ce recesses cer esses

eee o cee reac ceseeeeeces

eecere cess cccesccevccece

OOOO ii incr iy

Rutgers College

A. N.S. Phil

66 66 66

Peete ec ese resesssesssoce

@beececerescceetsscce

LOcALITY.

ee eceeesosese

eee nest te eeee

wee eecroee

ee eecccsccccee

see e eee ccvccsce

eee ees ecsese

eee eee- weseee

eee eesr veces

eeceerscevcce

ee cer erecccce

cece erossceccece

s cececcece

Trenton

Sc ee eset eeecee

Peer ecessccsse

Up Helderb

Hamilton

oe eecee

seecceccscce

eee ccc ccces

Niagara

Cret. L. M

e ecccscecce

e eecccccce

e eccecccce

Jericho, N, J.

Cape May, N. J.

Shark River, N. J.

Deal, N. J.

| Crosswicks, N. J.

Holmdel, ‘

Crosswicks, ‘é

Genoa, Ohio.

ee oe

Shark River, N J.

Shiloh, N. J.

Shiloh, ee:

ee 6e¢

Shark River, N. J.

Mullica Hill, <«

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Shiloh and Jericho, N. J-°

Beloit, Wis.

66 66

Louisville, Ky.

Falls of the Ohio.

(79 66

Greeenville, Ohio.

Crosswicks, N. J.

NloameULe, y J-

Up. Freehold, N. Ve

Crosswicks, N. J.

66 66

be ce

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. GASTEROPODA. (176)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE, Locatity. 2

Gasteropoda—( ontinued. * -

‘TEREBRA. Mi N. iis PL. ia

Curvilineata Comrad..........sccecsecsssterceesredevcncees 10: Ee) IGS. 14-17), casereneadrenes : :

Inornata Whitf., type.......:.sccsscseceeeneceseeseeeeees “ ee BOCES HOSOI G000 3000 SOOM Srise cine ee Colless attimanetyty oe ata Aad | Cae a

Sunnie eae nc AMM SES eeeerstecceetiree | neeneeerscen | Cape May, N. J.

Tata Conrady .....0iccsvercesveeecesensensenerseseceecooos Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 36, Figs. 9-10......sssessesteeuesseees Rutgers College. ........ .....10eee IBOTIEINE ooo rocco ononne | Shark River, N. J.

TORNATINA.

Wetherelli Lea, sp........s0..coesgesssscecetenssesesses Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 36, Fig. 12.......csseseesees Werte| Lea's figure copied......... Eocene. Deal, N. J

ae nite | ee ee Ne

Atlanticum Whitf., type.........cseeseceeseeeeeeeeesenee al. N. J., Vo my 5, Higs. ;

? Holmdelense Whitt, ty PedarestecsssaNersececsenesee - ae eee Dy J.

multivaricosum Whitf., type..........sessecceueseneeee AOE ARTE GUM gm Sita ae Crosswicks, «

TREMANOTUS. a Gir Wal eel ee

PAN hees: Fall)... ..sccs-tesnvceccscscvecve-terincces aeeveos al, Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 8; Bigs D.....cessssccsceceesssascteesaces | i

pene e Wuee Reinet eng) nie eam OM acme rc ee Ore

TREMATOFUSUS.

Beiostus WHI typelcscscascseessorvessscensecuvenserse PalNevin,eVola2y bly os ssRigsais— 7 neteeivetrc:c<maeeeres Rutgers College.........-....s000000 I SOLeESANE’, conan oodoo005 Shark River, N J.

TRICHOTROPIS.

HDaNGWihitfi;, ‘ty Peiv..-2.-scaccraeestcessrussnovenscesaees Mice SING) eles 235) Bigs: An esecene sas eneeeennny scenes WEES! Nats IMusi-sere.scctkessvessoces Miocene............. | Shiloh, N. J.

TRIFORIS.

terebrata Heilprin, type.............ssssseseeeseeeeeesens Mioc. N.. Ji.5, Pl 24; Bigni@..-c.c.cs.ce esse eens ey Meets wIVLIss) Myndallueressccteeeseeecarsecer Miocene......-....+. Shiloh, N. J.

TRITIA. Mioc. N. J., Pl ii

bidentata Emmon............ 10€ pti tI 1 i

trivittatoides Whitf., type : a aor " ee

trivittatoides var. elongata Whitf., type.............. es ee a ad au ve

TRITON.

Eocenensis Whitf., type.......:cccccccccccsesceeeeees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 24, Figs. 4-5......... wsseseeee | Rutgers College... Shark River, N. J.

(Eripromus) preecedens Whitf., type ........-..-.. fe s (6 66 (5, Migs. 0-720 ..cescshseeaeerteres MBP DKETItON cy.caneaaecereeesisorcsnenccaon Mullica Hill, <‘

TRITONIDEA.

DESH Itt, LY PCs.caveereneceeeseeteaceestsdsccuasecsace Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 9, Figs, 1-3........-ss0¢ Loe ee Rutgers College ............cccse000+ Cret lon Mewesrieere Mullica Hill, N. J.

TROCHITA.

perarmata Whitf., type.........ss-sscscssesesseseeressers Miocn Ne J-5 Pl; 22, Wigs: 15-10)... +.«sseseaeemereatenter es WaiSs Nate Musiysecsene.esereene Miocene............. Shiloh and Jericho, N. J.’

TROCHONEMA,

Beach Whitf,, type.........ssecevesssccsfeavsscossesaens Geol: AMES a9) Ole 45 els Oy phi g, Oleeeesal accuses ehaceeeeme WnivGalifieniweeatacssesseeac aces Trenton........s..065 Beloit, Wis.

Beloitense Whitf., type........s:.sccccscesctececesessees gs “Figs. 7-8 fs ae G8 odeoabaennecag gs ss

emaceratum H. & W., type......cc.sscceseessecceecee eat Rept St. Cab, p 193; Sa Rept., Pl. 13, Fig. II. Up Helderb....... Louisville, Ky.

rectilaterum H. & W,, type......c..e.csccssceeeeeeees as p- 193; ne ee GS 1m 4-5 Hamilton............ Balls of the Chie:

Yandellanum H. & W., type..........cescsscrsensenees ue oh fs 194; ‘* es se ah Byes 6) unseat aeedse Gb

(PLEUROTOMARIA) pauper Hall, type............... Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 8, Figs. 4....00eceerees icons DpeEares Niagara........ Seren ieeceeeeilte Ohio.

TUDICLA.

planimarginata Whitf., type........cseeseceeseeees wa || ball NJ. Vol. 2; Pl or, Bigs) 1=3-...00t-osseeceeeegenemnrs (Grete Wp Won cono00 Crosswicks, N. J.

TURBINELLA.

P patva Gabb, sp., type......csessssecscccssssceseeseees BG CC Pl, 9) Figs: 4=6.....0..0ccceees Aria. so: Monmouth, N. J.

? subconica Gabb, Sp., typPe...cccsessesscnescucceeeees of Ct “s Ploy 8) 9=8. cicc. ene oor oe a

? verticalis Whitf., type.............. ReteTs asians Asal eam Ge | Us Pi 33, § 14=15).001. esr Livia Up. Freehold, N. J.

‘TURBINOPSIS.

angulata Whitf., type......s.ssscceseeeeseeee Ade sdasiaens cs Gu G6 Pi. 22; igs) L7=18. cessersss0 yolinaser. | Rutgers! College ...4.:.006..0.+ico0e Crosswicks, N. J.

curta Whitf., type......... Oh “ “ 3-Gisetaveeeesk aubeihass Reel. A. NetSsPHileeceetece toca actenaeen ct fe

elevata Whitf., type...........sse0eecseereeee GG WG “ “ 7OSTAGN rAnieneaeras 66 CON RCO aioe taccayeeanceanss 3 x ‘e

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda — Continued.

TURBINOPSIS —Continued,

Hilgardi Comrad ?...........ssesceeeceeeseeeeseeeseeenees

AMATO NIE) bY PO -s sles sieminlseio setaeeiecieee seisisfoneioieisiselsts

plicata Whit. , (ii olSssnnsrocesaocoabaggacdauobond podooadaD

TURRICULA.

WedaaWWihith, sty pei ..25.cccaledesioe ane ceeessgeaneenies sae

JR NAVAS GS BY ot seqocnceeosonadcedonopsdoadsoueaccncads

scalariformis Whitf.,

TURRITELLA.

Pequistuiata: Conrad sense csc eosewesssssssaseecsesesess

Alabamiensis Whitf., type..........cceceseseseeees hate

compacta Whitf.,

Cumberlandia Comrad...........-ssseesesseseeeeeeeeees

Eurinome Whitt. ae Dies Huctee aia erate ua\comeblastnas este

? Granulicostata Gabb,

Lippincotti Whitf.,

multilirata “*

pumila Gal birec cscs aemesceecenceecusasesisccecleecesees

- Secta Comrad.........eeesseseeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeenee

Poo ecarcecesccccse seecsescees

66 ce oe

66 6é ee

eee eee scvcosescccecscecncessee

(ENIESAULTAS SDIEDCIA SAY Aner cscecssceceee teeneessacence |

VANIKORA.

er oeccerecccces sess cccsccesesessenssceoe

ambigua M. & H

CY PO. cece scccerccccecssscnccecsccccecs |

VANIKOROPSIS,

Toumeyana M. & H.....

VASUM.

conoides Whitf.,

VELUTINA.

type

~~ (OTINA) expansa Whitf.,

VOLUTA.

? Delawarensis Gabb, type

Lelia Whitf., type..........

Newcombiana Whitf., type

typercece

type..

parvula Whitf.,

perelevata Whitf.,

Scaphoides Whitf., type

6G (Amoria) vesta, Whitf., type............

wee e ee se cc ccs ose sreseessesese

(SOS usddodousdsacsunnocseds

cece ee ree eeesesrccseresscseses

eee cece cere cece eeeeeee seseee

peer eee eres reressesereseee

eee eecee cece rereseeescescssens

Pee e eres ecececesecsseeeseseenes

cree weer coc eto sseeesescsesces

cic (SCAPHELLA ) INGaeonIS EN Whitf.....

VOLUTILITHES.

cancellatus, Whitf., type..

6 Sayana come Hoa cutee cae aseenece sue algelecls

Ds 3 66

VOLUTODERMA,

Abbotti Gabb, type... ....

ee ee a

See

Pee meee ewer seen eeereneseseeees

| Expl. Blk. Hills; Pl. 12; sig irae eee eeeeeeaee

| Capt. Ludlows, Rept. 1875, Pl. 2, Figs. 11-13.

Ral eNele. vor 2, le 1, Figs. 7-0 bickeeeeee

36 66 Z5, 16, 21, 2:

os oe ss oi ss MWh Godaooto 22

66 3G “ Pl. rr) Figg see accnee eeee

G SG Yi es CO Bach eee) nee

Ot ae 8G Ke 66 Oe secieen ene

Mioc. N..J., Pl. 23) Figs) 12-04 ey ecertee sees:

| Am. Jour: Conch: ,) Vols 1, ps:207eeseeee eee eee

Pal. N. J.; Vol. 2, Pl. 18% Pigs: S=one-eeceeesee

Mioc. N. J. Pl. 23) Figs: (Q=L acm-cecesesceconte

alk N. Jo Vol. 2 *PL, Bey bigs. 19-20..........-.

<¢ (21-22, sae

hen ou Gotan Sk 1, p. 260.0 0sec eee

Pal. Ne Voll a Pie 18, Ties! TOUT) cies

Ke a (23 =2 eee

Am. Jour. eats p., Vol. 1, 2602 2eneeee eee

Pal: N. J., Vol..2) Pl. 23) WMigsi5—Oseeesseseeeee

Mioc. N. J., Pl.s23,, Figs. 15 = 7ess-csseese << eee

Pal. N. ie Vol. oe nus Figs. T= TA so. eae

SN NEES (7 aRMPRaE 1

6 «s ae OG 60 SOTO ae ess. aaa

ee «ie ae 6 oh aoe

Mioe: Ne J, Pl. 23, Bigs: O=8.c5ssseeeeseee Beeeoc

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 9, Figs. o=tom... 2am

Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Figs. 1a

Pal. N. J., Voi. 2, Pl. 10, Figs. 5- 7. BaooDOBIAeCH

66 “6 6e 6205 C6 OTS hee icacimunee

Am. Jour. Conch. Vol. 1, Pl. 27, me 123.6240

Pal N. Je Wel. 2 sels 31, Bigs it Sereese-s eee

“ 20; « A=Oe iy. -.20 0 here

3 a 6c 66 at, UCP O= Oeeeacaas eee

6“ a a3 6“ B25 SC 4-6 asecles 00 culshidie

6 6“ 66 BO S830 0G ee ongagaecc s 2

| Pal. NS ne Wels 2. Pi. 30, Pigs. 7-10. 2. .eaae

6“ SC TI-I4). eee

GG & 66 66 6G bi ooactiogt

Pal. N. J., Vol: 2; Pl. 21, Figs. 4-9........-..000

GASTEROPODA. Cues)

WHERE LOCATED. | GEOLOGICAL AGE. LOCALITY.

| .

suites Giccutons Nol cucssee.ceusesccnee-ce- |) Orel. Lau Mecce=.-- | Mullica’ Hall) Monmouth) Co: ji Neme

Diese Teeativeryass COMERS socdnadooasoaccoconas, |) 80 CFS cbaadocog | Neweaiialles INS IIe

Reuse Ws Sel Bil paccsesssboodaosodspaode in ae 09S oe cee oane li Grose arate «GC

Heese ‘memati, ING” rcdedoncsconscoaoaoss006 [OCG eS ime stole ING We

eh a SO | folded,» «

boner Rutgersm Colle getenescescceclsscecees: | Miocene.............. | Shiloh, N. NE

races lJamiespilallaa tere secscetansaswsscscs) || MOCENE?...encssesec | Qvale below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

eee een

eevee

a aeeee

es eeeee

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Miocenesene-<cssee Shiloh, N. J.

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Be iA cdsods Up. Freehold, N. J.

HHS OCen ere enous 6 m. above Claiborne, Ala,

Greta les Mie eer Burlington Co., N

Se one eee Crosswicks, N. J.

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Cretin aoe ee | Vincentown, N. J.

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Greeti lea Mireee. ces Up. Freehold, N. J.

a OS.“ go0o00006 Monmouth, N. J

YO" n00009006 Crosswicks, N. J.

Cae ae eats ? New Jersey.

Miocene reer cya Atlantic City, N. J.

ret eceesniete kaaess Cheyenne Riv., B. H.

Crete vastessonecs Mouth of Judith Riv., B. H.

Cris” 1G, ~ IM scoooo00e Walnford, N. J.

IBOBEINS soccossseagoos 6 M. below Prairie Bluff, Ala

Cretan Ws Mier ne Delaware and Chesapeake Canal.

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OP er aN On 6 m. above Claiborne, Ala.

COU Rca a ae LaRNh Shark Riv., N. J.

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IBOLEBNS ssoooodoasoue -| Shark NO N. J.

06 6é Oy

UG aero che aaann Claiborne, Ala.

Gret. M. M......... Timber Creek, N.J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS. GASTEROPODA. (177)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. GroLocicaL AGE. Locarry.

Gasteropoda— Continued. =

TURBINOPSIS— Continued,

Hilgardi Conrad ?........:0sceseeceesseesseesssseeesees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. au Figs. psthsdecsceae oem etmeces« ilixentonsNem|ierce.wesecsseeeseeseee Cret. L. M. Mullica Hill, M

major Whitf., type.........eeecceeeseeeeeeeenteeeerenees “ SS oe 6 Ith, LO; 20 ea ieteeech.2 Rutgers College boconomnEesdnEeAeccoos iG 9 Cae Nevers N. i ons Gena

MltteHEDENVIES AtYDEs..cccccssccseccssseseesdeececeeszeees Sh Bs 6 6C 66 To a EE PBN SWOPHIT te 25. ner cseasveavee cds [Retest ce earn Crosswicks, ‘

TURRICULA. j

Wed aWWikvithny byPOre-- ss scnsstiwascesscser-eceeltesseniese: OG 66 GG Pl. 11, Fig. 7 WreeavKOYL, INTs |ocosanccoanopocoopeboS Op aera. fe

Mri ie a, ca ees Ranamrag ame es re oN Ea

scalariformis Whitf., type.........sceseeeeeeeseeeeerees a OS oe & os ©) GG GO nacohcOdaROarHCemaceonen SG» OSS Maa aie Holmdel, <“

TURRITELLA.

zequistriata Conrad Wane ere tac eemice ler eiclsisiwe sjaieinc sohiea MMOC HIN ans le 235) MISS 214s seneceinccceseseoeeeeeemeette Rutgers College Shiloh, N. J.

Alabamiensis Whitf., type........00200-sesrsseeee-sees Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 267 james ieblialletenmaenseceeeccec once 9 m. below Prairie Bluff, Ala.

Compacta WIth ty Pel sr-seeee-n-chonieesree cece seems RalbeNiy les) Vole 2; ela iSsa bigs: 8-0)... ee. .seeeneenennnecs PASSINETS se Philos Accaeeee tates ecu Vincentown, N, J.

Cumberlandia Conrad..............secscccseeeeeseeecees Wilitefes INIG Wan IG es TRE C10 trenersoncnsnppondecedr cecaeooeS Rutgers College Shiloh, N. if

encrinoides Morton, bype Beoeeeseccias Selec eeemele oe Pal. N. Jo Vol. 2 “Pl, pss BGS LO=20).. -secsaceemneneaesons NMS feel tlieacerisweseciencuesese se ? New Jersey.

Wy eGR rate ncloieeiicre caciscieisaccirs GS 2 Pies eroriog nb v= one Scene Smee ima Sir tects doce ie cistsicie 2a Up. Freehold, N. J.

Eurinome Whitf., type..........s.sseeeeces seeeesereeees Am. our emer: Vol. Ti, pr ZOOS Amr socdeeasaeveees Beicee ine Jets) JSIEND | os6caconsnnbeoemsenn56a0c6 6 a above Chaba, Ala.

? Granulicostata Gabb, type..........ssseseeeseeeeeees Pal. INS Mp Voll 2 Jal 18, IGS s LOST Torcre scascseeeatenres ss PACH ei seen OS race stietsessaeeinsses Burlington Co., N. J.

Lippincotti Whitf., type.......sc.:sssseseeessseee esses G6 “23-24 ‘Threyalveins INI, |\ecosaoncecansansenqna506 Crosswicks, N. i

multilirata _ OG Cree en cies aictsionigwcs skicte sis cenielecisre.s Am. Jour. concn Pp: ell Ty 2600s as ee Names OTA ie ecacatesp swans erase 6 m. ihalleany Prairie Bluff, Ala.

Pal. N. J,, Vol. 2, Pl. 23, Figs. 5-6 Jako INI Spool ghoul BE sereoree eececesnoosced Vincentown, N. J.

Wibkores ING Wan JAG 2a JES Eye oconcoconco0nsc0 Rutgers College Cumberland Co., N. J.

vertebroides sortie, type Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 18, Figs. 13-14, AVN SPH G Se icegaseasceates cies Up. Freehold, N. J.

“ 66 ce ce Os ce 15-17 Menton Ne, [icsiunesevossasedcncese Monmouth, N. J

“ ee bi 6 a6 a OG LORE (CPRPEBERERR ECS ccaas occuaonee Columbia College...........-...000+ ss ie egeeiteca: Crosswicks, N. J.

es BG a6 eb a6 Be ce a &: HRBRPOR CREE o> coc acs canone SINGS sy Phillies coecseeeesteavcoansees Ke oe Secaaatdel ? New Jersey.

(MESALIA) plebeia Say.........:.eeceseesereeeeneeeeeee Mioc. IN. Ji, Pl. 235. Pigs: 6-8. 0. ..ccineeesctees eeeeeeReeeee ICES CS MURS. tateny dete chara edautee aan Miocene.............. Atlantic City, vt Jc :

VANIKORA.

rm pT onay Ving Oe whl ncurses ssneisecienelsslierarsnerdsieine IDeqo)ls 130K JehMblss NG he Ie olor oeenecondonnnoconaconscaneet Wh SINS IMTS oocaasundopondancno Grety tase ee neeeee Cheyenne Riv., B. H.

VANIKOROPSIS,

Moumevana dV: (OC Elec ids. seecn-sevenesssecsaneesesinnees Capt. Ludlows, Rept. 1875, Pl. 2, Figs. 11-13..........-.+ WoS5 INES INNES cocopcascccuoeocano Cheb ie.cerea anaes Mouth of Judith Riv., B. H.

y Pp Pp 5 g 3 J ,

VASUM.

conoides Whitf., type Pal No, Vol: 2) Plo, Figs: O=10ls..-..cessemmeenrssase Rutgers College............2:.-0:00+ Grete Ils WMrccneonen Walnford, N. J.

P Opes: 9 g' g'

VELUTINA. z

——~ (OrinaA) expansa Whitf., type..............cceee eee Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, Pl. 27, Figs. 14—15.............. Namieswitalll ee seear-enncestaseacesase ||| Eocene 6 M. below Prairie Bluff, Ala

VOLUTA.

? Delawarensis Gabb, type..........0.sesseseeseeseeeees Pal. N. dhe Vol. 2, lb TO, Figs. 5=7..0s-occcart-*eermeme=s+n- Delaware and Chesapeake Canal.

Lelia Whitf., type............. tease thot e sia ineigirdses a6 “ O,, a3 husecrprenesmmnrares cs Shark Riv., N. J.

~— Newcombiana Whitf., type ..........-ccseseeeeseeeeeee Am. Jour. Conch. Vol. ry JO, G7, UME acoso 2rmcanoaonn 6 m. above Claiborne, Ala.

ppanyila) Wihitts,, CYPCsccecccswecse snveceoseveseereosees Pal Ne The Vol. 2, Pl., 31, Figs. 1- 5 authaceeees Shark Riv., N. lk

perelevata Whitf., type..........s:cccsessseeeseeeseeees Gi CVE, 8 LE Oana nonce i oe

Scaphoides Whitf., type ............esesessseseeeseeeees Os 1306 “ Me fo Geeta 4 Se i

ss (AmortA) vesta, Whitf., type rr CG ae, OG) 71a rsratecgnoncococe Siegen y ee

«‘ (SCAPHELLA) Newcombiana Whitf..... G6 05 G6 CORE CURD lok BERBER Ra Soc: sooncda0 le aa

VOLUTILITHES. e F

cancellatus, Whitf., type........02....0eeee Rita sotee 4. | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 30, Figs. 7-10 Shark River, N. J.

GG Sayana ‘Comtad Sande copenseScocKeAICOsCOADC C62 GG Gs « “ TI-14 a 5 i

~ & GOS GEES SE 8 ey ea ce ee « “ 15 Claiborne, Ala.

VOLUTODERMA.

PAtsottin(Gabbs itygaeles ceeesesseseeecreaseerevsveccen see Pal. N. J., Vol. 2; Pl. 21, Figs. 4-O....cccecseseseees =: Timber Creek, N.J.

}

WHITFIELD :

LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

Gasteropoda— Continued.

VOLUTODERMA— Continued.

biplicata Gabb, type. ........-.seeeeeeeecesceeeeeeeenens

intermedia Whitf., type..........scecececsseeneeneeeees

VOLUTOMORPHA.

ConradiyGabb; type «ccrccesessensiieee cnesinewllecanlsiseeieve

66 OG G 0G eco eeeeeoeeeeeceeeeeeosesesseesesee

66 6é

eeecoerce rs sesecereoescecesosasse0ose

66 66 ?

PABMIninithe typer ie on ee eon

6é ee 6eé

eee ee eee ecseesecessccecesseessssceees

66 6e¢ ce

weer eocscveseesersooecessrosseesesesere

GG OG CUMS ronaacdnrocdoucoeobospacanauacopaccge

Open, NA a enn COM Asin naa rnonaeaconodesesAgunesTaoodons

ponderosa Whitf., type.........seeeseeseeeeeeee eee eeeees

(73 6eé €6

Bee ee ecco rasecarerccnsesesssssene

(BIESTOCHILUS) bella Gabb.............-..seeeeseeees

armein Gray bina race cine thoaee ene aneae alsoaien eee nice sacerie |

XENOPHORA,

lapiferens Whitf., type ........... sseessencreereeeceeeee

ce 6é 6eé

eee ee eccece seccvtscccsseseesnsscne

leprosa Morton, Sp..........ssseeees coeeececeeeaeseeees

CEPHALOPODA.

AMMONITES.

Complexus EL) (GW. co c.c esse scwenteteoonwcseneee ence

CONGIOTMIS HIVES COMEL. sii se ealnes\a siseijaseesincieiciesienesas

a var, distans Whitf., type..............0685

PD elawanrensSiSm Norton eecasesccunacesisteccseces csieecsiclen

6é 6eé

Poe ee ecw cence eeeseceesecescosssese

ce cé

BO ek i oy

dentato-carinatus Roemer,...... ....cccccceeceecesceeees

WVanuxemi Morton, type.........0.s:ccccseesscssscecess

66 ce ee

sete cere ewes cent esc sscesescecs

eee e ccc ee rseescces

eee es corer vecccece

6G tilifer Morton, type..............e00e

(SPHENODISCUS) lenticularis Owen, sp...........++.

ANCYLOCERAS.

Jenneyi Whitf., type. ....... 000s. cscessereseseesseoeneers

66 ce 66

eee cere creer e ee ereseceesseeseserece

ATURIA.

Mantuxeminy Conta dinneressercncactscmeacmenrectceecsscls

BACULITES.

asperay MOrtombnncme cna cinmcsecciccesisess seiseertsiciclesri--

compressus (Say) Morton fig’d........-...0seeeeeceeee

OVALUSH (SAYA) eazsatecraesleise eettnnioeciaeictee elerelelelsee)at terrae

oe oe

See ee ee ey

Pal: N: J.; Vol: 2.) Plcto, Figs. 1-2 Seeesesecete

ce ce 6eé 6¢ 23, ce 14-15.

Pal Ni: Ji, Vols 2; JRO; 2S ora ie ise ences ocean

BG. GG C6 OS SOE ST eee ce tiols eee eee

GG 66 66 Se fee la I=

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66 6c ¢ ce 6

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G6) 1 0G 66 60) 65 KER ST O—2O tee naceee rere

6G: 6G eal 6 pun (= lon bc oGGab0oC co

Pal: N: J., Vol.2, Pl. 34. Migs sO=7/secsseseeee

Be emesis 7 ICS 3 O oar ndq50500024

GG C0 O17) Gee Oa RO seeeecmmetee

Pal. N: Ji Vol. 2, Pl. 41, Figs. 5273

Expl. Bik. Hills, Pl. 6, Figs. 20-24.....csese0-

ois AG fs oe cs PIN BRSdooDOORSI0CONCG :

Pal. N. J., Vol. :2; Pl. 42, Pigs:\6—7eeceeee seca :

36 66) EE ego. 16 B= ON eae pene neeeeee .

es TM le ae och Sac.cc0 --

ae 660s 60S A Seo =A eee eee

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ce ce 6eé 4I, ce TO—ir

we 66 66 AT, S$! 8=O Raeeeeeenee

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GOS Oe 66 266 TOS Pigs: 7—Oyeceseneciceesesee

GG GG otis fee SC 7/3) oon einc -

Pal. N. J , Vol. 2, Pl. 49 and 50..........- ....0-0

Pal. N. J., Vol: (25 RisAG ibis stO— tice.

OD oe GL Se 86° TH2)cncaesccecene 3

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GASTEROPODA—CEPHALOPODA.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

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| Burlington Co., N. J.

Vincentown, N. J.

Crosswicks, N. J.

ce ce

Schencks, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

ce ce

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Marlboro, N. J.

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Neversink, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Delaware and Chesapeake Canal.

Crosswicks ? N. J.

Freehold, N, J.

Shark River, N. J.

ce ce

Crosswicks Creek, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Belle Fourche River, Blk.. Hills.

By os River, Blk. Hills.

Delaware.

Holmdel, N. J.

Delaware.

Burlington Co., N. J.

6eé 66

Freehold, N. J.

? 66

Tinton, N. J.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

ce ce

French Creek, ‘‘

Shark River, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Upper Missouri

Mullica Hill, N. J.

PN lf

Tinton Falls, N. J.

(178)

WHITFIELD: LIST

OF FOSSILS.

GASTEROPODA—CEPHALOPODA.

(178)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED,

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Gasteropoda—Continued.

VOLUTODERMA— Continued.

biplicata Gabb, type. ............cescecesenecssecnssoeess

intermedia Whitf., type

VOLUTOMORPHA.

Conradi Gabb, type

“ ce sé

“ce “ec

ce “ce ?

Gabbi Whitf., type

ee ce oe

ee “ec ce

“é “cc “ce

ovata Whitf., <

jooaclaros, \WAMKIG 1h 01b aanccocnanpanncooneenansoosce eens

be “cc “ec

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XENOPHORA,

ilsporticgyrayars VWMantde 5 {hots sngsnsoooe CoocoeonscsoseoenSdaeee

“ce ce “e

HE pYOSABNOMON, ISPs rscsessaassscsesamicecesaasoetinusssseos

CEPHALOPODA.

AMMONITES.

GOMplextis bl. 8E Wi. secencceczccevecsteseesceceseo acess

GOLGIfOrMISEM. GO. Pee sscecweracsceeeceserceces on

OG var, distans Whitf., type.........-....00+5

Delawarensis Morton............sceccsscsesses seseceees

ce “e

ce “ce

dentato-carinatus Roemer....... ...........

Vanuxemi Morton, type..................+

ce se “ce

GG tilifer Morton, type.............00008

(SPHENODIsCUS) lenticularis Owen, sp

ANCYLOCERAS.

SUSY MVM NEEDY DOaiccescncncobiseenoescessecvevessvsies

ee se “ce

tricostatum Whitf., type....

ATURIA.

Berientl) (CONLAG cc eisecscaseavacesosevevsssoececestas

BACULITES,

ETE T Aw VOLO sertsessis onesies scavecsseeedoeeedseeesstnaas

compressus (Say) Morton fig’d..............:seeeeeees

BeAr iise (SAYA) Sere ca rsac esis cave veotseddauvecsvereveres

“ec “ce

“ce ee

Feet e eee e ween eee esteeeessseeeesseses-aseesees

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 10, Figs. 1-2

“é 6c OG 6c AS, GO

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 6, «

6c ce ce 3 75 “6

6c ‘ 73 6c wh 66

3 “ce “e 6c ‘e

“cc 6c GG 3 ae 3

66 ce ce GG 8, 6

77 GG GG Cs ed

ce 6c GG 6c 8, ce

6c GG 6c 6 Io, ‘¢

ce ce iG (a3 8, “ec 5-6

GG ‘ce cc “cs 9, 6c

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6c (73 GG ce 6

6c ce (T 6c 6, &§

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 34,

ce cc ce 34, 6 8-9

‘ce ce 6c 17, ee 16-19

Pal. N. J. Vol. 2, Pl. 41, Figs. 5-7...

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 6, Figs. 20-24....

6c 6c 73 ‘ec 6 Dhhreaas

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 42, Figs. 6-7

ec GG 73 42, Cr

“ ce “ce

‘ 43,

ce ce My

ce ce 3 ae

“c 6 66 42,

oe ce ce 40,

ce ce ce AI,

‘e ce ce 4i,

ce ce ce 4I,

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ce ce ce

“ 16, Figs. 7-9

6c GG ‘6 6c ig, 0G

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Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 46, Figs.

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6c “cc

Mullica Hill, N. J.

Marlboro, N. J.

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Neversink, N. J.

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Delaware and Chesapeake Canal.

Crosswicks ? N. J.

Freehold, N. J.

| Shark River, N. J.

| Crosswicks Creek, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Belle Fourche River, Blk.. Hills.

GG 0G River, Blk. Hills.

Delaware.

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Burlington Co., N. J.

“e ee

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? 66

Tinton, N. J.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

French Creek, ‘

Shark River, N. J.

Holmdel, N. J.

Upper Missouri

Mullica Hill, N. J.

IN Vo

Tinton Falls, N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

Name, Cia. AND , Species. WHERE PUBLISHED.

eer ratsnodaComnned:

BELEMNITES.

Peambiguus Morton............cscercsesee seeearescceree Pal. IN J., Vol. 2, p. 282, not figured........20.

PATVIETICANUS HN nasecce noceeinernceeneccioneacisinweiletels ae De Al igs; =o seedes eos tear

s GGs. | GascbacosgosousacdautogobaacaDado00den 5 ag ‘« 3-7 and 10-1]

ee TEEN eo nceenorpbandccruacseeedadooncdccd | Gt oC a (C= OaOrecae sss cetee

GlOMEMG, Wilh We Vel peeoaaees saosdasnooEdbogdodsGNoudnoGdDOseC | Expl. Bik. Hills, Pl. 6, Bigs: =15—lOstcess- sca

CYRTOCERAS.

brevicurvatum Whitf., type............ceceevrseesesees | Gor Wis: 5 Vel a Pl. 6, Higes2ysacsesetarea< sce

GAMUT Ed alle pesneceseceatesn ace eeoetescstose ce eects | GG 66 =O) eeasenese coer

PESSAICTE TS Be Non 1911 8X onan corinoonopanoacbucaccacD S60000 sath Parall. Sa Vol. & Pl GS ces eeeeetee

Ghetaceum, \Wilnithe sc ecanaeceae essences seteracicte | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 8, Figs. 2—3:555

lier zerts Els Se Wi sg US ae cattes neceeeecamenctesemicttectet | Pal.-Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 8, Figs. 7-8 sossbbeoseecenel

mmrundibulum Wihitfy,, typel.ccosescsccsscseensmeneenl | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 20, Figs. 4-5........+.+.

Wine) EL.) Gc) Wil, LY PCns.ncececcceveccasaices sels elicaistr | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl 8, Fig. 9.........2..0-s--e

planodorsatum Whitf., type..............essseceeseeeee | Geol. iis , Vol..4, Plog, Bigs: 1O=t2 seme eee

MECHUID NV bith. by Pes.cesercsesaseensedareets.<-neeere= i arse C60 24, S16 Sepa

DISCOCERAS.

Gonold esmelal SSS Means oheeceaiincedeseactereseaceaser | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 20, Big.<622s2-ee seer

ENDOCERAS. A

(CAMEROCERAS) subannulatum Whitf., type......... | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Figs T5—16) 5... ..ceee

GOMPHOUERAS. |

amphora Wihith., types. ....--0-ctacner-cccnesedseosecese N. VW. -Acad. Sct:,. Volo 55 (Rly 77 iigeQees- sate

breviposticum Whitf., type.. ......:..sseseseeeeeeeees | Geol: Wis:, Vol: 4, PIN 265 ice inp eeteeeee co eeeee

IBog Tale 62 \Wiog 150%Se stoncnodso copncb anseeacde tosoodeusEto, Pall. Ohio; Vol. 25 P1035 sBige ih gessesseseeene. sae

AtIsitOnmMeE VIN thee types ncecestecccc ces cerlsciewsoussiees | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl) 26, Big. TOs eece se eseee

Fey eit RUMV VAAL tiey, wiby DEM sceriacctecianes cccclseclssessieseets. | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 8, Fig. 1, and Pl.

Sciofensem Whitt, ibyperer-crcstcerctronces-cccvscesente | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, PI>8, Fig. 4, and PL

Pl, 10, Bigs: (0=7.jocc.csesensseseeee ee eeeee rere

GONIATITES. |

Ixihayeal JEU, Gs Wiig 17 0l2> cooosansooudnonodanesaaconvoceoconc | goth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 9-14...

PUTS Vem CCH Veg LY DE secant sc(ennieneise-cienieiieecaniser | Proc, Bost. S. N. H., Vol. 8, p. 305......--s00+

GYROCERAS. |

Columbiense Whitf., Bype Boadosapaecnoacodsooancecpacood | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 10, Fig. 8.22023

chippllis@steataniiey SC | GEN Ge iecboeaumedoduseceso aa | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, DDIKgoe eseqemnocoo.csbe!

seminodosum *‘ sda sisioesaisls icteinaitis sais oeielsse iene | N. ¥. Acad. Sci.5 Voll.'5;, PIS (3; Big -a5seeensceme

HELICOCERAS.

Nebrascensem Vinca ble nee cee senanecee seein sensei sieeeice _-Expl DS. Eiills, Pl. 14, Fig. 9; Pl. 15, Fig:

StevensonievVinith, itypers-cc. ec-cncoetsoss sccene wseiisis 66) 60 f 6028 Beare

(HETEROCERAS >) simplicostatum Whitf., type MRED ene IE 77. 353550055p0IE0°

HERCOGLOsSA.

PAUGweXx COPE; SPs, ty PCr. ccsescnesveetoesees ence ecectee | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 39, Fig. I-....-...+-sse0ees

HETEROCERAS.

Conradi Morton; type ROTC ROEo OT CORO BOC AOGR ea coousuacec Pal. N. J. Vol: 2, Pl. 45, Figs. 9-11 and 14..

a MEE CS ne UD Ce Oe EA ee ae oY coe 66 2-2 ee

Newtoni W nites (SDR b: . Solegeeasae i cqocedoecceceCoar: Expl. Bik. Hills, PI. 15, Figs. 1-4........s+sceces

LITUITES.

miultrcostatus NVbith), type... eeeececncssocrsmenaeseine Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 20, Fig. 7.......++++--=0

NAUTILUS.

Bryanin Gab bsitypes ccs c-sactereasas see scriceneesenansen Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 38, Figs. 5-6.........-s2-

CEPHALOPODA.

(179)

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

ockmecs

eoeeee

peewee

coeee

cosee

aeeee

peeeee

eeece

Feces

twee ee ee ccc ene easeenee

Wri @alife tha der ccsirnacses sch |

ce ce

eee cere e eee e esas sees eeeeseses

OhvowStei Golly soe eee ences.

Univ. Calif

Vice Sty Colllcieut ehhh c:feckeases |

Whnuis (Cail oes sgucsocoonenacecrosansacs |

ColumibiatCollegexynnesssesesc-ces |

Wiss St. Coll .-csacssobadoso0edbo0%008 |

Olio Se Cole soossasooscosrosoodneace |

Vai Si Coll ee ueadsnessenqcae aateen

Winiwas Cait oes nace sncceccenensse

Sec e cern cee reneenaesvesees

Sse aii icity

ce |

ACN. S. Phil

Columbia Colleges 2.0.0.5. .2..0200

Waeseo Nat. Musioi2..0s eesccnseccs

| Niagara

“ce

WWuIRASSTCH veers estas

Trenton

eee eee eereeene

Wpsstlelderbenen<

eee e eee eseee

Up. Helderb......

Eamilitonhs.poscsnee:

Jalil, IRIN gasses

Wetclanmlltoreeeenener ee

Elyattaps noth ersmesee pete anesscececse |

Up.

| Up. Helderb........

| Coal Measures......

WEENIE. Ganoscaedec

(a Wipsmliel derbies.

shrentommoss.epeccee

Ups Helderbei.-

eee ere cececersseee

esc ececcescesrcces

eee ccc cece seccccee

eet ee rec cccces

| Timber Creek, N. J.

_ New Jersey.

| Cream Ridge, N. J.

Belle Fourche Riv., Blk.

| Beloit, Wis.

White Pine, Nev.

| Dublin, Ohio.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Racine, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

| Beloit, Wis.

Carlton, Wis.

Ashford, Wis.

| Beloit, Wis.

Marion Co., Ohio.

| Milwaukee, Wis.

Dayton, Ohio.

| Milwaukee, Wis.

Columbus, Ohio.

- Columbus Ohio.

| White Pine, Nev.

| Burlington, Iowa.

| Columbus, Ohio.

| Beloit, Wis.

| Dublin, Ohio.

Beaver(GrecoeBleanriallst

| oe ce 6

ce ce ce

Glasboro, N. J.

Arneytown, N. J.

Waukesha, Wis.

Vincentown,N. J.

Atlantic Highlands, N. J.

| Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

Hills.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

CEPHALOPODA. (179)

NaME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. Wrens Leceman, Ceoréciem en | ee —

Cephalopoda— Continued. | es

BELEMNITES. |

P ambiguus Mortom...........ccsecereesece eeeseeeseeeees Pal. IN, J., Vol. 2, p. 282, not figured PACRIN Guim lilivec see senders pectstecaeses (Gretee eye eeenee | Timber Creek, N. J.

PAUTIETICANUS lis) fewsenclacesss@ssersnssrneeesesercesioes s¢ Pi. Ai Figs. 1-2 ¢: SA teesetsneee: weeeeseneenees Cret. L. Moo... | New Jersey.

“ COMMER EE RR Wa ST, aa G6 GG ‘« 3-7 and I0-II iRittgers| College y.cssessessesvessess OG Cai eseacG

3G Cigars Sede ca enc actenaea ta sestsaseseeabees. G6 Ot Gt CER 0 PR rocco ccccidatk cro sccods PAGE IVnO ING: (lia scrastakcaseewenoreen ees |), 9G Lee esenene eae Rid a Je

KI GTISTIS MV lem Combe veinsreneiiiisesckiserieiretietivnssecucceresescl Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 6, Figs. 15-10.........-..0000 Ls acueee (Witla ten MUSH ace. ccs.socreeeeee ons | JCUEISSIC. rrecoocanoncos | Belle Fou ie Blk. Hills.

CYRTOCERAS. =| |

brevicurvatum Whitf., type............ceseerseeeeeeees Geol. Wis. ; Vol A PL 6) Fig., 23.2:..0cdaee seer eee Whatitic (CARE cnososooo5n: n900600D0000000 | Trenton ............... | Beloit, Wis.

RAAT TIAN el all sete eieiapeeite sessed -esere(clscsce/clries sso & fs pny (0 Paepernencr peocic a3 ef G6, eanachapaneddoonesaoCDeEeeee CO SEER EEBOED | « “

eesgatione Isl We \Wo5 18710) Son oncsosnc0ces-bo00050c000nconD 40th Paral oie Vol. a Pl. 6, Fig. 15 Wee Ome Nate wus eceeceeres doses | Coal Measures...... White Pine, Ney.

cretaceum Whitf., ‘‘ N. Y. Acad. Sats Vols eblnd;) Bigsus2=2-echers Saneeer Wintvey Galli fas. 5. tccaeeteea seine eatin sale | Up. Helderb........ Dublin, Ohio.

Herzeri H. & W., ‘‘ Pal.-Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 8, Figs. 7-8 | cals nese ganeeeeeee Mee ewes : | Niagara | Cedarville, Ohio,

infundibulum Whitf., type.............scessseseeeeeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 20, Figs. 4-5 & Racine, Wis.

Miya Cellar Oca hes EY DC valscaserctesvenercsscessereet acres Teall, Olav, WO 2, TAL fh, LNs @percoodonencoscadou=o0Cde basen : ce Yellow Springs, Ohio.

planodorsatum Whitf., type .. | Geol. Whss , Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Figs. 10-12 Wives Calif ene me as-sccsecsesceces Trenton | Beloit, Wis.

Mectuny Wihith: tyPO-s..cecccrccscececseece seer sssecesenes 86 ce ORD ARE ROSS ne hee Rea ons. Wish Ste Coll. ..css.ccscosceececsesnte (GUAM scosncooncenenc |-Carlton, Wis.

DISCOCERAS.

eomordesvidlal lees pace. cn een iccsece css Sevedecaecesievieste Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 20, Fig. 6........cs0cssseecseeesenerees Wiistoten Collie cemscccscerees mate sma Wea catravesses.>.tetnes | Ashford, Wis.

ENDOCERAS. 5 |

(CAMEROCERAS) subannulatum Whitf., type........./ Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, FigS 15-16..........:sssscseeeeee (Wyte (Cali canpoonnoeadsessebro5s 00000 | TNRESINOND) conocanooo8e | Beloit, Wis.

GOMPHOCERAS. |

amphora Whitf., type.............. ING YepAcad Scit, Vole 5; ble 75) Higa Ole seeeeeee eee Columbia College.................04 Up. Helderb...... | Marion Co., Ohio.

breviposticum Whitf., type Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Fig. 15 Wis: Sti Collecinecen: acseciisaee caster Hamilton............ | Milwaukee, Wis.

IBIS SBEIEROC AV asf CV CAcosetclivaicisctio scree oeeaecssesetacecss Pale@hios Volie25 Plies) High ihycctes .scessteeeereee Ohio St. Coll.......... Ween cwoes es | Hud. River | Dayton, Ohio.

fusiforme Whitf., ... | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Fig, 16 Wiisee sts Colle sccaaseracsecoemetecsces elamarltonieeseeseerees | Milwaukee, Wis.

Ly ALLMAN VIM IE ten iby POneeneccectincsrciicck cass asmsieaesscu cscs N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 8, Fig. 1, and Pl. 9, Fig.1. | Hyatt Brothers....................... Up. Helderb....... Columbus, Ohio.

PIBIOLCOSEMVV MI Tian ity PEt we eceiececesccnescenessresnesscce N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 8, Fig. 4, and Pl. 9, Fig. 2, : |

Pll 20; Bigs) 627 nics eccnssadscanen eee ee ee Wnivss Califieyccncsssresccdeneetane Up. Helderb........ | Columbus Ohio.

GONIATITES.

SGI URI OCANV LV Ov eicetinai suse stncsateceu'seesanidenceaes 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. Q-14.......scc0e-0+ Wi, Se INat, INNEG, connococearcooseeonod | Coal Measures...... | White Pine, Nev.

OAS MN VE ROCHA nts MOY DCac bess. cceseissscevscece senses Proce Bostanse Nati) Oli Ships 4 OS sen-seteeeee sear PAWS MIRMIN 3 SEL ecisdadeacucoveess sees Wav erlyzeeessceneese Burlington, Iowa.

GYROCERAS. |

Columbiense Whitf., Sie SOs J2CR OSD OO HONGO AB OG DROSAIGAC Ne epAcads Sci.) Vole5, Ble 05 Bice iGrenscecssemieameeect |) hari (Cen sacanaconcasnoaecops0nDH000 | Up. Helderb........ | Columbus, Ohio.

PaCOSta tine sehen “ns es, woteneeciceseeeessseosses (Calla WLS Wl 715 IBN 7/5 UNG i canapoocosnceannn ossh>-.cneed 6 COPA aaa AACS NERC RDEECrEE siventonieese-meme Beloit, Wis.

_seminodosum ‘‘ OO SesonnonGo ne snbADHOBEOsAAeAAIC) N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 8, Fig. 5......sccsseccseneeenee “ Ct Ty dob codgooncgecbnnceadoo Up. Helderb........ | Dublin, Ohio.

HELICOCERAS.

Ms TASCEMSCMV UNO E caisr sinc daahincnes senatostans seidees c Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 14, Hig? 0); Ply rhs bigeOmesaweete-. Wetsb INN MNES Sosasqoassenneabecbe0 Crete wcqroreudeernns | Beaver Creek, TEs, Hills.

SrevensonU WiDIE type... <sesccrsesccssucace osnces eee BG G6 8 S660 G6 SO Ce kcemeraatce SO ae teoeteneeeeer oe

(HETEROCERAS?) simplicostatum Whitf., type Cs me im lai, UY GG BU 6S Sccnanoasbeonsbrioco0d G6 porinnpsnoppocooCKt fe ne ot

HERCOGLOSSA. |

PBAUCILEX: COPE} |SP:,, tYPElsc.sescaes-sesteosessscecseececs Pals oN}, Jy, Vols 2,, PI 395 Mige Tec..c0-.0---e<e-teeeeeeeeee Avo INio Sia 2) eepeeeerereecneaeeercacd | Glasboro, N. J.

HETEROCERAS.

Conrad MOrtOn; tyPes....ccsss. csscesceresvessenacesevs Ral N. re Vol. 2, Pl. 45, Figs. 9-11 and 14............... PAWN MO teenth, cee eetatsian te aiecissleaieise Arneytown, N. J.

ey fe [Oe cenbbhossoooonagg ScOcOIOUDOSEEECEG BGT Ge ee U3. .eeecccsencmenmmimes >. Columbia College. .............000 Atlantic Highlands, N. J.

Memon WRI YPC, .teescesceransnnsics-ssnessencennas exp. Bik, Hills, Pl. 15, Figs. 1-4......sss+cscssensesigieceses (Wise Nate MIS. cc s.aecs weet vcesse Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

LITUITES. :

multicostatus Whitf., type............:sessccsseeeseeees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 20, Fig. 7.......::csseecereredd - (ee peag WisiiS tole ences ccevonecatsee' Niagara .......6.000++ Waukesha, Wis.

NAUTILUS. .

ravens Gal Dy iby per. <.6--.5:nertreuserecsevendnesesecese~s Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 38, Figs. 5-6.......csceccreesveeserene FAGIN 3). 1281 scooonbenrenconapoen Cret. M. M......... Vincentown,N. J.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. - (WHERE PUBLISHED.

Cephalopoda— Continued.

NAvuTILus—Continued.

Cooki Whitf., type........:secceeeeceneceeeeereeeeneeeees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 48, Fig. 1, Pl. 49, Figs.

Dekayi Morton, type ......2+ seseeeee seeeeees seneeeeee ee He SO GG 8 fh OG alc cccconne=0

cc GG BG te) a opp udoqnodasacononuco0ceaeb gs ss Be 6 66 37, EN EO eeeeaeeaeeeme

“ “ iG WLLL a ti Buea eM seats att ue Ke ©6966 160 2 RO SR aoa aaa

“~~ yar. Montanensis Meek...........seseeeeseeeee Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 16, Figs. 10-11...........-.

Ortoni Whitf., type........c.cceeeeeee renee eee eeneeeneeees N. Y. Acad. Sc., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Fig. 20.......

pauper . “‘ GG Pie sacebend odedapcodeudsocooNSc2qe000 ef sors erce CPG OG Gil 93 Bao |

(GYROCERAS ?) subquadrangularis Whitf., type... be MCC Cme sci) IO)!

( TEMNOCHEILUS ) spectabilis M. & W...........0+++ ss Gh ge sc (ee 66 74

ONCOCERAS.

mummiforme Whitf., type........:csecceeeeeeeereee enone Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 6, Figs. 3-5...+++++-+0+5:

Pandion Hall .............ececeecececeeeeceenseeseseeees UE Gg ROEM ECORI R aS: ea oceocc ns.

ORTHOCERAS.

anellum Conrad........cesceceeseeseeceeceeseeceeeessenees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4. Pl. 7, Fig. 13..-+.+se+--+0e+

annulatum Sowerby.........scsceeeeeeeeee eee ee eee eeeres Ge a GG GG iio} SF I. Socasocésoes bos

3¢ GG) 158 sh anaocnGoonacodessdbonpsacodascoc Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 9, Fig. 1......esseeeeeee

Carleyi H. & Woe......seeccseeeseeeseertsoeescesrenseens geet SG e ye CON MO) coasaaccocoscc: -

Carltonense Whitf., type.......scseeeeeee essen eee ecees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 24, Fig. 5.......-----+«:-

crebescens Hall........cecceeeeececcececeerceeesecetsscess Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 9, Fig. 2........ Bho lcuee

Duseri H. & W., type.....cscececeeeeeeereeeeeeeeerseees WeGGa oi GG CUS WE. er nen scee oH

Jamesi us GG. Tir jbasssodobogososdesogongaadsadca (leans Ue iCie Ola I CU 20 co ocenccoaoae:

nuntium Haall..............eeceeeeececeeee scenes seeeeeeee | N. VY. Acad: Sci. Vol.°s5, Pl. 7, Migs t—2")-c..

planoconvexum TBE gasacsssocadsocobsocaaboadaangec0ee | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 14....---...---:+«

strix H. & W., type.....ccccececserescreres caceeeeeneees | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 9, Fig. 3...-.--sseseeeeeees

turbidum H. & W., tyPé.....-..-cceeec seers ree eeeteeees eae OSCE CONTE EUG oF cgnaqcosce cc00000 77

Wauwatosense Whitf., type. .......e.eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 19, Fig. 2.......----+00e:

( ACTINOCERAS. ) Beloitense Whitf., type........... | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 8; Higiieeeeccecceteaaee

us ie ss 00 Sscndedgade eeroosttasee be 6 66 TO.) 66 | SO—VOM ee aco eke

PHRAGMOCERAS.

ellipticum H. & W., type.......seseesesersrereeteeseees | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2. Pll 8) Higeeiileesesssene seco

Hoyi Whitf., type ......-sesceseeeeeeeeretece eee e erections | Geol Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 19. Figs. 4and 5 ....... §

« yar. compressum Whitf., type. |S & C6 6 Oe OCS eee ee .

Jabiatum Whitf., type.........-.seeeeeeeeeeeeereeeeee noes peace es 6666 (CG i) Ce 2 eee ea .

Nestor Hall..........cscsescererece cescsceercececeescscees iPeaes ce 666 COT ON) CON a reese Raeiane

parvum H. & W. type.......ccseseeesecereeseeeeesseess Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 8, Fig. 10.........2--+0++++

PRIONOCYCLUS.

Wyomingensis Meek.........cccceeeeseseseeeseseneseees | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 14, Figs. I-3..-----+--++++ |

PTYCHOCERAS.

crassum Whitf., type....eecseccsecneseece este erseeeeeees | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 16, Figs. 3-6.....---.---++-

Meekanum Whitf., type..........::sceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeees PRTC MC COE CS 0 Fs eoon.

(SOLENOCERAS ) annulifer Morton, type........-.-++ | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 45, Figs. 6-8.......2+000

SCAPHITES.

hippocrepis DeKay, type.....----++seseeeeeereseeeeeeees | Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 44, Figs. 8-12........+.--

Tris Conrad, type .......ceesseeeeeseessceeeeeaeeeeeeceeees (es § ce iam CG UG CONSID Eo fe sco:

NOGOSUS OWEN......cecsecceeeccececceecencesensencenceenes | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 13, Figs. 12......+0+++++++

es 0G | a senannaoosascuacaqcgooacasdogssca0 550060008 | Pal. N. g., Vol. 2, Pl. 44, Figs. 13-14..--..--+.

‘6 yar. brevis Meek .........seeeeeeeeceeeerereeee Expl. Bik. Hills, Pl. 13, Figs. 8-9........++++++-

as «© quadrangularis M. & H......eee seer Bane Bays: co 66 6 6 TORTI. osname

CEPHALOPODA.

(180)

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

ampaers College: sas. .c..ccrcecsrees-

ANS Na SB ga ee ene nee Ee ereoer

Xo DIG AINIGRLS IBAA ARABS sea reer eee

Fumtesers) Colle gescne sess -scscscesc ss:

Re SeNat. Mus: oo. ..ceccsecees eee

Wolumbia Colleges... ...-2.2¢-2.+>%-

EMS Sy ATO WSoeci ides cee ces, Slaie |

Balumbia Collegersw. c.c-scss-ce<e

Baa AMOreWSis...c5<sccseseacrcsees |

ee ce

Sere meme eres ere retescees tenes

HilrtivanCalitesees ce cancncecccacecscee 3

Mea Carleyie acc cbcesssssskeseeossse. |

Wiss ota: Colney sictanscseseces

BIO St Colle ee ieeaiesscissececee eso |

MOlrtiven Callie’ o. ccerccececes ts accenens |

PPB AAAIMESS, .scnecseccecscecer eens |

lnnivanGalitepenas cova cacao

ce ce

Coser esse neers esseseveseseses

Cece eee et eee cesses oes cesses

pete eres ccscrerstsceeecces

DP. J

RNASSe Ste Colle ren naatenss Meee joes

LITT (CET GBA sere een eee a

(Mavi 7S et Co) Ne een aN ee

Wis.

6¢ oe ce

ce 6é

Belrnivan Gallifeee ceca eah oete mnen

MivorSts:Colley see we I Bae na |

HOmSey Nats Musi: cc natcn.cn tes cnvose

¢ (a4

ce ‘6

Sec c eer eseccosesesece

Ae. S. Phil

eocecce ceeececscssccce

sec ccccccesesesccerescen

sa ecceceercceccs vesccscece

MaSeyNat--MUS..........c0scesseceess

be 66 66

Sree erecceesccccccocos

SPaCol rita anhs sae uae.

ocenessascesessee

laGretyileseNieanerns

ee 6

Grete: seasteieccane

Coal Meas......:.....

Chesteriiiy.gi5.ccon

Coal Meas............

Chester

oe eee ewe cseeee

iilirenton=aeeeeeseeceee

eee eee eee)

seer e cee ccces

Guelphiieccs- Seances

Up. Helderb........

Trenton

eee er eee ences

| INTE Vee coacaoaseaooe

Hudson Riv.........

INIA garde cospereer

sirentoneccceeeete eee

wee terete eeeve

cece crest teecee

eee erccet tees

Peer ccc cee ceeescece

Pewee re eccees cece

Squankum, N. J

Monmouth Co., N. J.

Hillsboro, N. J.

| Tinton, N. J.

Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

Summit Co., Ohio.

Rushville, Ohio.

| Canfield, Ohio.

| Rushville, Ohio.

Beloit, Wis.

“e ce

Beloit, Wis.

| Wauwatosa, Wis.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Fayetteville, Ohio

Carlton, Wis.

Cedarville, Ohio.

| Waynesville, Ohio.

Clinton Co., Ohio.

Dayton, Ohio.

Beloit, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

| Wauwatosa, Wis.

Beloit, Wis.

ce ee

Highland Co., Ohio.

Wauwotosa, Wis.

Racine, Wis.

Ashford, Wis.

Waukesha, Wis.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

66 ce

Delaware.

Tippah Co., Miss.?

Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

? New Jersey.

Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

CEPHALOPODA.

(180)

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES.

WHERE PUBLISHED.

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Locauity.

Cephalopoda—Continued.

NAvuTILus— Continued.

Cooki Whitf., type.......ccccseceseeenereseceeceereneeees

Dekayi Morton, type ........ sseseeee seseees cereeeees

“cc “cc “ce

“ ce oe

‘© var. Montanensis Meek

Ortoni Whitf., type

pauper “ce “ce

GyYROCERAS?) subquadrangularis Whitf., type...

fam itvoctien.bs) spectabilis M. & W............6+

ONCOCERAS.

mummiforme Whitt. ,

TPavaébtoa ls Mall Sas scocgdeceecnodebsecoserop lenses aoceecenE

ORTHOCERAS.

Biel ims Conrad seewsesneseeeest ects seesnceesssceesscees

annulatum Sowerby.

“ce

Carleyi H. & W........ccseceececcneeeceeeeeeecesenreeees

Carltonense Whitf.,

re DES CeMse el alll beeee seme ntetes seeiiem ine stestemsteieclale(eia \al)eira

Duseri H. & W. » type Heooddnc Doh aos DNGoSnaASSIaoSrIEeNBOy

Jamesi ee

mbiayahopest JBI qoooancesnnenconnaoooopsseao0s09 AAgoooned

planoconvexum Hall ....

strix H. & W., type........

turbidum H. & W.,

Wauwatosense Whitf., type. ..........s:ceceeeeeeeeeees

(Actinoceras.) Beloitense Whitf., type...........

ce “ce “e ce

PHRAGMOCERAS.

ellipticum H. & W., type

Hoyi Whitf., type ......+.....-seceeeeeeeeeee

“‘ yar. compressum Whitf., type....

Jabiatum Whitf., type.........-0:ccssseeeseeeeessesenees

Tagi@e JBI oopoasesbonandecpenseon OppEssececLenpnpscpogg0

parvum H. & W. type......-sssssscceeeereesssereseeees

PRIONOCYCLUS.

Wyomingensis Meek..........ccseseeeecenseeeeecneeneees

PTYCHOCERAS.

crassum Whitf., type......scs.cscesscrscsceecercerecces

Meekanum Whitf., type

(SOLENocERAS) annulifer Morton, type

SCAPHITES.

hippocrepis DeKay, type

Iris Conrad, type .........2sseeeeenee

nodosus Owen

“oe J se

“¢ var. brevis Meek

Os ‘© quadrangularis M. & H

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl.

- se ce 37, r

s . ce cs “cc ap 66 5-6

“ ‘6 6 6c 3-4

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 16, Figs.

10-11

N. Y. Acad. Sc:., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Fig. 20

“e 73 ce ce oe ina 14,

ce “ce “ce ce ce ce 15,

ce oe oe ce “e ce 14,

Geol. Wish: Wells 4, Pl. 6, es B= nceons ne -ceseeetes eee

CO 5 ireseccpaeeoononncsdcd | ac ekods

“ 66: NQY AE! Ub gee cvaavenencce ees Ue oeeees

Pal. Ohio, Wol 2 TAL @ LINE Bogoaonoonebon00Rb0KG <a

wae GG 665" “10 se vecescrsancmeaeenee

Geol. Wis. , Vol. 4, Pl. 24, Fig. 5

irl Ce, Wolls 25 RIN gs Higa 2incnccned teeter tect

CORR CMEEGL ie, PEN bere on Bop rtin6 309000059

G6 ie aC LIB oe MEMEO MERE e ppcioso aoe) \Bocnbeq

N. Y. Acad. Sci. Vol. 5, Pl. 7, Figs. 1=2:.-caseeeechpcereene

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 7, Fig. 14..........cessscsceseGieceeees

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 9, Fig. eet ors alo oc selec neisteeieeiad teen

G8 Gu Ca eT To cnccccescccecessclejenmias

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 19, Big.) 2c icsesces2s aeeeeee epee

Geole Wasi, Voll 4, PID (8) Pig: ie) esc sceeeeserenmeeec Beret +s

GG GG fe 66 6 TO, EG HTO les eennecswnae aces Womens

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2. Pl. 8, Fig. 11..........seccsecoeseesf] eranen

Cael Wn , Vol. 4, Pl. 19. IPE 4and 5

ce ce ce 66

ce ce oe ce “e 20, “ce

iti oe “ “e ce I ce

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 14, Figs. 1-3.........-.-..-0+-- z

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 16, Figs. 3-6.........csc00e¢

“6 6c “ce co Ok “2

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 45, Figs. 6-8

44, Figs. 8-12...........00655

CO amy bay Perrine ec 305335

Expl. Bik. Hills, Pi. 13, Figs. 12......ccsseeecseeeeefreeeeees

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 44, Figs. 13-14

Expl. Bik. aS Pl. 13, Figs. 3-0..........

ce ce (3 cc oe

Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl.

Geol. Wiss Wolk Els 1als Yfp INE ase pcacocseceinsasaace B.gecsce |

Rutgers College. ..............000008

A. N. S. Phil

Rutgers College

Wer sauNate MUSH ss.csces..screteses

Columbia College

I, B; Andrews!.............<-+ -.--

Columbia College...............006

BBE AMArEWS!-sccscsssccosceccesee

\Wiathie: (CEM Ge ecccecsr nog bencoaREancnod

ce “cc

. | Eocene

. | Cret

. | Chester

pe a @hestereenmeenepeeees

Pal melicentonenseserereere

ee elxentonseresesesce tee

| Niagara...

Hudson Riv.. ......

Wig Pin AMES S.. SectetncieacseCen acca Clintontemerseesreee

Woiv.iCalifitccns ss.sececaveesmsesses Up. Helderb........

SBN a ecto lst enc neeneceuieenaeds direntontrnecrsres

SURES Pereites Wcaniss aneneces INDE RANE loconononesecee

U. P. James Hudson Riv.........

Wis. St. Coll INGE Ehsnenoannnnnen

WinivalGalifs Made cevcssesestencenes

Ohio St Coll vincctc.seeseasceewenees

U. S. Nat. Mus..

A, N.S. Phil.....

U. S. Nat- Mus

be ce ce

| Squankum, N. J

| Monmouth Compe:

4 | Hillsboro, N. j.

| Tinton, N. Mc

Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

Summit Co., Ohio.

Rushville, Ohio.

Canfield, Ohio.

Rushville, Ohio.

Beloit, Wis.

“e “cc

| Beloit, Wis.

| Wauwatosa, Wis.

| Cedarville, Ohio.

| Fayetteville, Ohio

| Carlton, Wis.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Waynesville, Ohio.

Clinton Co., Ohio.

Dayton, Ohio.

Beloit, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Wauwatosa, Wis.

| Beloit, Wis.

GG 6c

Highland Co., Ohio.

Wauwotosa, Wis.

Racine, Wis.

Ashford, Wis.

Waukesha, Wis.

Cedarville, Ohio.

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

Delaware. 5

Delaware.

Tippah Co., Miss.?

Rapid Creek, Blk. Hills.

? N ew Jersey.

Rapid gS) vB. Hills.

“ec

Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

ce o “ce ce

~The, ee ee “on

py 7 . * iF

ae iw

net a.

- th 7

7 a ed

’ o ry, ' wT , @

. ¥ 7 it) a ee - y : a

’ i . - i » - «

Pr Vite ear he ny 7 A

he ea Peak erie nal tok

ie Oe heat |

a > wey Be a.

iT «

rane LG

aera pews ;

a f es \

wel, - : 2

: 2

. ~~ ~~

is ey

es > - aa aay f yi ;

2 > a

- aso, 7 » in a & se

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, Ganke AND niGeecime: WHERE PUBLISHED.

GeanniopodaConnnaey

ScaPHITES—Continued. 5

TEMMOLDUSMVLOLtOM:scosenn. sac eececiscwase cseesttenenete Fal IN. Ji, Viols25 Bli 44) Bigs 30 .:-cceeesseeee eae

SIMINISMVY Lithia l VDC. uacesncrssas ceeivssecsenaanenr ss cares cs 6 OEE EE 86 RIGS. 12. ance eee

\ il eraaeyaitl NY (GY Fee Sa oe EAA aounnee nach anatencce Expl Blk. LU, Pl. 13, Figs. I=4........c0s0 seen!

NVyOroIn SENSIS PMICE Ke crcskissscecmceccetecssceaesnees os DO ONG ifecocnocasossdo000-:

TREMATOCERAS.

Winoensegwihithy, ty erated. vaceuacesanecesecnesaaeee N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 10, Figs. 3-4........

TURRILITES. | ;

PAUPETONV NIELS, LY DCs sc.cescesesaneseued concenactseecenns Pal. N. J., Vol. 2,:Pl. 45, Vigs.G—5eecpeeeeces see

ANNELIDA.

ARENICOLITES.

Wood Witt, sity perasss-e caleat sroneees i sbesasenoeagacene Geol. Wis:, Vol. 4, Pl. 2) Pigs: 1—33-heessseeeneeee a

Bete 2 woah ch. ws vnalices ea cucme see aueeaeh ees ocean eee | Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 2, Fig. 25...-::steseeee ee

SPIRORBIS.

anthracosia, Wihith., types. -.1-.cseeeseeeeee encanto eee | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Figs. 18-109.....

CRUSTACEA.

AGLASPIS.

Baton Vhiths, type \s.icns.c..cssceaheeee eee eee | Geol. Wis., Vol..4, Pl. 10, Bigs 110s... ssc eee

AGNOSTUS. |

Bammunissh..a& W., type .i:....0sseeeeeee ae | 4oth Parall. Surv., Voltas sr lean Figs. 28-20. .208

IN GONBILERGEAWE (TYPO cvsecs.cscse nos eeteeee ee eee | 6G CG" 8G. GG 26-27... ;

pPEcloneussht Gc W., type ......ssenemereeceee ere Wrage St 3G 6666 O63 eee

tumidosus ‘* ‘* ‘ OS eevee cescdeceeepeneneccsesces ease ge ee 66 ON SOs EE Oe. See

AGRAULUS. |

(BaTHYuRUS) Woosteri Whitf., type..............066 Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs: 19-21-23) {sees

ARIONELLUS.

BOUMCHUS ANVIL, tYPC.............00csepeseuaneenseeetes Geol, Wis.,, Vol. 4, Plt, Higa t7z:.cessseneeeeeeeee

EapunctatusmyWhith., ity pe. <...........00sasseseeoeesee ee | Capt. Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, Pl. 1, Figs. 3-5......

ARISTOZOE,

BAPIACEMSISMMY MILE, LYPC........0.c000sececceitgeesectece | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Figs. 17-182) 28

ASAPHUS. |

Homalonotoides: Walcott.............scecesccsesesecece | Geol. NVis: » Vol. 4 >>I. 5, Big: Qase ence sees

pS MOA Memenc acide ssc cine «6 scecascescieaisscecace toutes 6606 665 SS 2 PO anes

BALANUS. |

PEOUCUISM CONLAG Me ascent Sone ncissic obs vcidls ovacwavececesecs Mioc. N. J., Pl. 24, Figs. 18=237)--sscesneseeaseaan

BATHYURUS. i

OBONIPEHSIS bles Go Weg t¥PCssn-c-500s0esedeeceretce ose 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 33-34...-04

BEYRICHIA.

SETS Ae MIL EK ests th ceaseth avenscesi ose sacee' Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2) 1A As Figs: 11-12)... 6...cccaeee

SECU CEAR aN scutes tc eemens wos ccSacexes totes svcte's 66° Q=10. 22.3.5:

Acnixatagey. “Gc WW SEY PC! ccsccs ves cote ves soceccesses 6 se 66 88 0-7 ...c0s0ee 2s nee

BMS HAM ty Pea oxctvutsises os cose nudes sveceteutcase es “e 66 Fig. 8.....0.+0.ss00 eee

BRONTEUS.

SEEMIBINY AVVNITE. 5 LYE cus ssoraecaveneetasesccvosnvecedss Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl: 22, Figs. 14 .....0seee see

CALYMENE.

RGMINCEV WET ALL CY DE .cnvacstovnscovcancusesicescnssceusces Pal. Ohio, Vol; 2; Pi. 4, Figs. 13-15. ..s..cc-seeseeea

NSHP ARCTISISCET ANS co acnsecstuwen sh acuedoue tattsccceceenceek £16,566 “I4=15)...ceecetecsecee

CEPHALOPODA—ANNELIDA—CRUSTACEA.

(181)

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE. |

LOCALITY.

neeeeee

eeeccosce

eeeccesee

eceeccces

eer ceccce

ee veccese

ROUEN Nis er ie

oe ce

Smee eee wee es cece eesee

Wink alifeti. oc. ecccass LySecodsdad

Rit serse Collesionmesseresteeseee secre |

IEA Wemviood (Wiss st. Collie...

Wer Sap Nate NUS ioc secccsececnemncee

(What, (CENTER SA A aatie meme Nn aston |

We So INlate) WWGIGY Sneccaeosooseddoocsbe

ce 66 ‘

eee reese sees escseneee

oe 66 ce ce

see cce ees ccccsccsscce

66 66 6e¢ ce

Sry

Columbia College ...........0.000.0-

(pra Cal nee a ee ee

ce ce

Cr cceeecesescccss ee sccsssece

IRsnfveeres) (Colles soccdocosouopssddecd

Wo 'tSe INEM, MUTE oscacoaccaonacesoob00

Bec e ccc ereccseeccccsececece

(3 66

eeeecesscescoccosssesesecsce

ene BIEN Oincpsoneesipodcedosncnuoes

\WHS: Sis Call bcceedoponbaonacosoucc cde

Wate, CAN eee rc

ececocecr ese. ceeers seee

See ceeceseee

ce ce |

eer eeereree

(Gre teleseMicns aera:

secre seeeee

eee creat eee eee

eee eee eee eeeee

eee e ec csseee

Arentoneecessecncans

WORST socacousasoec

eccecesecece

Cees ceceeres

Ceeecesecoce

Seeeescceace

| Copy of type figure.

| Delaware ?

| Beaver Creek, Blk. Hills.

ce oe ce ee

| Columbus, Ohio.

| Neversink Hills, N. J.

| Baraboo, Wis.

Warrens Peak, Blk. Hills.

Marietta, Ohio.

Lodi, Wis.

White Pine, Nev.

Eureka, Nev.

66é oe

oe ce

Eau Claire, Wis.

Ironton, Wis.

Camp Baker, Mon.

Ottawa Basin, Canada.

Grant Co., Wis.

Apple Riv., Wis.

Shiloh, N. J.

White Pine, Nev.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

66 66

6eé 66

Kewaunee, Wis.

Oxford, Ohio.

Eaton, Ohio.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

PHALOPODA—ANNELIDA—CRUSTACEA. (181)

i == "a ——— = = SSS

NaME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. ' Viti IL : = — ——— 2

» CATED.

5 Werevonesa Res LocaLity.

Cephalopoda—Continued. 4 = i ‘

ScapHitEs—Continued. |

reniformis Morton........-sscssecceeeseeceenesseeseesenees Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 44, Fig. 3-.sscesseeessssssssnsQestererse | cress |

similis Whitf., type......----seesecceeeeeeseeenesensenees PEMA ET COMTRMCMRR SESE E occa cobssee / egy oct ENR | cyteeteiseetcneeees ees | Copy of type fi

Warreni Meek.......ssccceseceeeeeceeeseeeesceseecreecsons Expl Blk. Hills, Pl. 13, Figs. 1-4...sceceseneseeeeeemParereeee N. S. Nat ee Se aa | Cret. LM eee | Scenes gure,

Wyomingensis Meek.......ssecsesecssrserstetercessneess * CO TCO C0 eis} //poodgconcon0c9009°79 poe GOS Se eit: eee ais | BEEN: Ogee, TBE Hills.

TREMATOCERAS Hee ee =i er | ee

Ohioense Whitf., tyPpe...--..-+esseseceeeesseeeeneceesees N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 10, Figs. 3-4....+-sseefreeee Univ. Calif........ U |

ee ae | p- Helderb........ Columbus, Ohio.

pauper Whitf., type.....-s-cerssesecseeersceeesnesesecets Pal. N. J., Vol. 2, Pl. 45, Figs. 1-5....:1seecssseeeees | fBroada Rutgers College .

ANNELIDA. FES cnsocaace np eee pence leGreteitn Mier. cesses | Neversink Hills, N. J.

ARENICOLITES. | |

Woodi Whitf., type.....-..2e+-ceseeeeescrrereeecenersons Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 2, Figs. 1-3....:-s:ssesess-ees Fr oaaiee WwW. Ww :

BP cele cot sieees cco erst snrmonsrserainsscveeeeseeees Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 2, Hige 250s. ance cares eee i S. Nara tS el Ce | Baraboo, Wis.

BE | csicwnin conece. [ibn -tmelerecictnetws'a | Warrens Peak, Blk. Hills.

anthracosia Whitf., type ...:.-.++esseeseeeraeeeeeceeees N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 16, Figs. 18-19......4:.---. Columbia C | |

BRGeRNGEA. ’ , Olumbia College ........:--.-s+5-- Coal Measures...... | Marietta, Ohio.

AGLASPIS.

Eatoni Whitf., type ......cceseeceeeeeeecnsese see ecensee ss Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 10, Fig. 11.....:cseeeseerereee Socion60 Univ. Calif.

FES i. , , | MULVPRC Al teenie sianials veces sracedec ess Potsdam ............ | Lodi, Wis.

communis H. & W. 4oth Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 28-29...9-..+-.--- U.S. N: |

oe & W., eee of s BE VO ian ae ee Jr lat Has oapeanG000000000D000 Potsdam............. | White Pine, Nev.

prolongus H. & W., type nq -RepANATENO NEaQODIOTEDOASOLO ee GG G3 6666 66 EE BO BT ap eee renee Sea Ch = i ee ee eee Eureka, Nev.

tumidosus ‘6 ©6 8 “6 cesscacccceeseeecerneseesenees c6 OC G6 CCC Y-. Pr tooo iG. We i, a oe

ee | eS 66 fc

(BATHYURUS) Woosteri Whitf., type.......---++++ Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 19-21... ---+--dfsssseeees Wis. St. Coll

Te ge ec Eau Claire, Wis.

convexus Whitf., type......-..-:seeseeerssee sees eerecens Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Fig. 17-.:-:001 sssee0+- Wis. St. Coll.

tripunctatus Whitf., type..---+--+-s--ssseeeeeeesseeseess Capt. Ludlow’s Rept., 1875, Pl. 1, Figs. 3-5---peeeees+ URGMINAE Niigtens ater re Potsdam ............ Tronton, Wis.

See eee i <9 seseeeeeeees. | Camp’ Baker, Mon,

ARISTOZOE.

Canadensis Whitf., type....----s.ssesseerereessrereerees N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Figs. 17-18. : Columbia College ... mrent

cena ill Tic EE ee - i EMD cnnaqaccoones Ottawa Basin, Canada.

homalonotoides Walcott........-:ssesssssecseresseseees Cool Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 5, Fig. 4.--:.:essseerssreedeesees Univ. Calif.. Y

Susce Calvin.....cccecececeseseecce cesses eeeeseaesecccanees a 6G 08 GG FR II Fi), Lis RTT aera Nae se Ve 2 ee ot ey Grant Co., Wis.

Wie iceccorege: coeatheltnsl iieeme Apple Riv., Wis,

roteus Conrad.....sssscesseeeeeceeesteerseeesesseasacenee Mioc. N. J., Pl. 24, Figs. 18-23....secssseeserereedetssreees Rutgers College..... ,

Pons. d j 8 RELA encecro20000 90)59009000 Miocene,..........-+- Shiloh, N. J.

Pogonipensis Hi. & W.,, type....e:ececneeeeeseeeeereeee 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 33-34-0:-4r-++ Ws Sb BNEtts WIRES os snnoonecnonoosecenod A 7

Pe ira. ? 4 gs. 3 Quebec ..........+.5. White Pine, Nev.

Chambersi S. A. Miller......scseevessserseeeeseeceeees alle Oi, Vol. 2 Tell. eo Figs. T1-12....0+-0+ee-0e+ (haiti, (CE ieasenpeencecnoconcicaceéooce Tehitél, ISN ponooosec Cincinnati, Ohio.

occulifera Hall........:.ceseseeeereeerere steers 66 Q-TO .sseeeeeeeeenees CO a co, “ «

quadrilirata H. & W., type ae & CRIN 0 7 JP REPPEEEEOOL eo Ses, 6 Teton ie “ AG

tumifrons Hall, type.......-.seeecsseseeeeeeererseeeeeees ce “ 6 Big. 8..c:cccccseseeeseeers James Hall ?.........0sc0.--eeeeneere i ae “ &

= Te EE Oe

Laphami Whitf., type .....---ecsseseesserrersesersssees Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 22, Figs. 14 «-..:1ssescrrdesnereess AWG, Sin (Clo E pag saneecaoonncopscrocdo Niagara .......<.-+05 Kewaunee, Wis.

CALYMENE. )

Christyi Hall, type......ssssssserereeesseeeecereneens Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 4, Figs. 13-15 A. M. ae Leas = cv ai th atneeiee Hud. Riv... Oxford, Ohio.

Niagarensis TEGO oes pein Reenter rere Ecce 66, ‘© 14-15 Univ. Callif.....ccecsesseceesesseeeeees Niagara .....-ce0eee Eaton, Ohio.

‘

Pe ee a

bean, yn = WR ag WS

y c ae fea. ai

Cae em [Sate abee rae

w F Ane OR San a

% id es Ph at

h ;

. ¢ ;

9 3 : ‘

is 0. :

; ;

’ ‘

. \

F rie

££

: :

‘

’

4 .

‘

ee . *

; ;

‘

‘ :

hd é

\ ;

WHITFIELD : LIST OF FOSSILS.

NAME, Gone AND ) Sphere

Cries

CHARIOCEPHALUS.

tumifrons H. & W.,

CONOCEPHALUS.

Continued.

calymenoides Whitf., ype hosp doobloosadadusacbesscadnnoge

? quadratus,

subcoronatus H. & W.,

( PrEROCEPHALUS) laticeps, type

(PrycHAsPis) explanatus Whitf., type

CREPICEPHALUS.

centralis Whitf., type...

? Gibbsi ac aos

onustus cs Sie kes

planus oy Sa Bites

(BatHyurus) angulatus H. & W.,

(L Deane: Lus) anytus H. & W.

granulosus, H. & W. pEUY Deresccente

GC Haguei leboae Nise type SSE RaEEB RAE

6¢ Montanensis Whitf., ty Depicscsanee

ss unisulcatus H, oS W. Sy LYDOHceeect

cc maculosus Se elcten sre

8 nitidus “s SOP bags: |

GG quadrans se sive annecd

Ke simulator ce Syaiiichens

DALMANIA.

breviceps Hall, type

DIKELLOCEPHALUS,

Barabuensis Whitf., ty

Fer e ew eeerercrcssseceseresces

Uy Owe einisle sereieleinelaleietenisleiecietale

ser eecccceseee

Pete eee reer e ns ee roc rsceescesese

ewe tem eee ease esc or esses oreseree

Ce ee ee ary

Perec ees c ccc ccs es eeeeseceeecaces

, type

eee ee rerccseee

[DScacacusdanorddomsbacsdcoonnee

erassimarpsinata Whitf., type....:.....sescse<esseesh

PAROMITA Mths UDC ss. cost cssse sis denssecvacccaresatees

Habelliten sel side Wir, CY PCs.023.0.0c0cc0ssc0dscuccvecese

gothicus sé BS occ esrccnn ster aedtecas wmece

lobatus ue Mee scecsscse stro. os octet osennasns

PRG EMSISMAVV DI Ele LY DE) .. ccc. cenessscsscevecccccsuce:

oe ee ee

Minn eSOteNsis ‘Owen, SP.......02.c..0ce0ssceseoesooecee

multicinctus H. & W., Bye Reso cmcsccsecnac<eersestes

quadriceps ss MMe cteloosicisie'escicne se sins eee

Wahsatchensis << RARER S as css cisisesec oe s,cuhe

ECHINOCARIS.

multinodosa Whitf., type...... SOO GOO SABACEEER SEC REE EEE

pustulosa es Rrra sale ce so seinos sos coe aise os se

sublzevis es ef

ELLIPTOCEPHALUS.

curtus Whitf., type

ENCRINURUS.

ornatus H.

EURYPTERUS.

Eriensis Whitf., type

& W., type.

| WHERE PUBLISHED.

| 40th Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 2, Figs. 38-39..

| Geol. Wis., Vol. 4s Pl. 3s Figs. 2-5

e ce

see ee recces

I, I5-16..........

goth veil Surv. Wools ZR IOS 2 lire, it,

| oe ce Figs. jen

| Geol Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Figs. 27-28

Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. 21-24.............

Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. Io, Figs. 12-13.........

ag 60) 2 66 OT, Wigs 22=205 eee

| Expl. Blk. Halls; Pl. 2 eh ictt2omereeeeseereeeren

| 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. A, Pl. 2, 0Bigte2 Seem

| «« Figs I9g-21.

4c ewe Sur. Well As a 2, Figs. 2-3

| I4-I5..

Capt. pene Rept. ise “Py, I, Figs. 1- 2..

fen ae Sy. Vol. 4; ne 2 Figs. 22-23

| “ 24-26

| ce e¢ ee ee ce ce 3-10

ee ce ce 6e ee ce II-I3

ce “ce 6é 6c 3 6“ 16-18

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 4, Figs 'G—17iec--oe. os

Ceol: ES > Vel 45°Pl." 4) Bigs: (6 —1Os sees

aE EMI Bac «Se oc!

6c ce 66 (73 ce Dr -I7 shy sateen

aged Bavalll SUING Vol. ye Pl. 2, Figs. 29-30.

GG Go ii, Ln. 3685

ce 6“ 6“ ““ 66 2, 36 Bie

| Geol. Wisp Vee 4, Pl, 10; Hise

SC ‘¢ 27, Bigs: 12=lGeeeee

WG BG ee 66" By: CLUS seeeeeetane

| 4oth Farall. Surv, Well 4, Ply 2, Fics ares

GG ‘“* 1, Figs. 37-40.

66 e 6é 66 GG" Ti, Fig. BI sstcc -

| N.Y. Acad Sci. Vol. 5, Pl. 125 Fig. 16.......

66 ce 6é 6“ 3 Figs. oa

Geol. Wis.,. Volo4, Plea, Fig. 1Sicseeeeeeeee

Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, BING: Big. 16):eseeeseeeeen

N. Y. Aca d. Sci.; Molt 55 Pl. 5) Bigsagr 32

CRUSTACEA.

WHERE LOCATED.

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

LOCALITY.

teeoe

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U. S. Nat. Mus

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OC CC Se Ut SAR aaa NaCl ete

WreScaNatseNitissesee nn cutenmecoceecs

se Gi OCG ee Re aria era ene Sear cab

ce oe 6é Ree

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cs sha s Ease Cae

. Ca ena

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ie Po

i ce ae, lay a

: ees oe Pare

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Winivan Calis s eer a hese oe

OG SON Bevel Ae ee TERN Ue Dede

OES melNaltar Must sea ccanstoas enc

GG G6 CC aA in a Re tes eels

Winivere Calife nau hake eto

GG ICP EM a Deane ANAS Be ME ih palo

WViIStE SN COllin an oe ke hoes

OA SeNataVisimcestee en see

be ce 66

Fg trentecteeerecenczrscene

eee eee ceseco ese cces

Columbia College

66 eé

66 ¢

eee eceecccccesceseen

Wists te Collings ie sabi ue aes

Winiven Calientes r ce ccaneacaeee

Weirativan Callateres ieee eke ee ees

Rotsdam ses eereeeeee

| Potsdam .........-..-

| Potsdam

ca60d0d O00000

nodoooodcoNNd

| 6s

ePetelelotstelelevereiste

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| JetoyeXCleNeel sacone bdo

Calciferous..........

IRGtSdamniaesneecsesce

Calciferous..........

Potsdam...... Cguiaice

@uebecrnrssencsae-

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ce 66

Potsdam..............

Niagara group......

Lower Helderb.....

| White Pine, Nev.

| Eau Claire, Wis.

ce cé

Ute Park, Utah.

| White Pine, Nev.

| Hudson, Wis.

| Castle Creek, Blk.

| Berlin, Wis.

Eau Claire, Wis.

Castle Creek, Wis.

White Pine, Nev.

Schell Creek, Nev.

Eureka, Nev.

Pogonip Mts., Nev.

| Camp Baker, Mont.

| Eureka Nev.

Hills.

oe “ce

Call’s Fort, Utah.

| Eureka, Nev.

| Lebanon, Ohio.

Baraboo, Wis.

| Lodi, Wis.

Baraboo, Wis.

White Pine, Nev.

Call’s Fort, Utah.

Eureka, Nev.

| Lodi, Wis.

Prairie du Sac, Wis.

Mazomania, Wis.

Eureka, Nev.

Ute Park, Utah.

Call’s Fort, Utah.

Leroy, Ohio.

ee ce

| oe oe

Hudson, Wis.

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

CRUSTACEA.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED. WHERE LOCATED. GEOLOGICAL AGE. Tieagiee

Crustacea— Continued.

CHARIOCEPHALUS. |

Rumifrons TH. (G2 W.), ty Pes... .cescscesvercecseenscirosen> 40th Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 2, Figs. 38-39................. | U. S. Nat. Mus........00...0cc00 Potsdam. ............ | White Pine, Ney.

CONOCEPHALUS. |

calymenoides Whitf. , pe Heauioe as Satinstei|eistcinclscelsiseane Ceol Wis:, Vol. 4, Pl. 3, Wigs, 2=Ss-ccessesecees amiss seers NWissmns ten Olin te eresiacenieaess chee | Potsdam ........0.++. Eau Claire, Wis.

? quadratus, Re Cier Ree ccan ce cacetatince woe cae se fc eT, ERSTO eee OG Ge dcduOaenaCee eRe Dee Lvs Aes, eames 6 "6

subcoronatus H. & W., type...........eceseecerseeeeeee Ree Parall. Surv., Wells 4 Pl. 2, Fig. 1.. Wire Sea Nath IMIS cack acs sicceersacccey IN@WeDee crenata ste Ute Park, Utah.

( PTEROCEPHALUS) laticeps, type .................000 a & (oy Higss 4-7. a OO 1 Saunde a6 SaaE See Boaee | Potsdam ...........+5 | White Pine, Nev.

(PTYCHASPIS) explanatus Whitf., type .............. Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, PI, 1, Bigs, 27—28 nee eatr eee WS, (Sis (Coll iecoasonsossanbccemoccae Re See eo kate | Hudson, Wis.

CREPICEPHALUS. |

CEMtralis VV DI thyss types eaeeesece areca tee cieerinn ce cenle Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 2, Figs. 21-24..........sssesssssesseeee We Se Jets INOUE coconqoaecececedoone | Potsdam............. | Castle Creek, Blk. Hills.

? Gibbsi ‘<‘ GG pe De ge ae roe Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 10, Figs, 12-13........-...eessceee0s Vitis (Si, (Goll ceespancococeconemeetoc GG ie ie Geeanaeee Berlin, Wis.

onustus ‘¢ RS ose nalsies'slocas faceac@sesvelssaccsaces ue G6 0 Thy INGE, 222 3h cncpeccoson. canner fs oY | GG © gecconnenene Eau Claire, Wis.

planus GG CCE WRI ee A a Expl. Blk. Hills, Pl. 2, Fig. BOR aces aoe ee ae eee PR U.S. Nat. Mus (Gd at ee | Castle Creek, Wis.

(Batuyurus) angulatus H. & W., type...........- 4oth Parall. Ung Vol. Ane lic2 ei a2 Oeeeaees ees ste oy eo LT stesareh Satleel iat | White Pine, ‘Nev.

(Losrsieie busy) anytus H. & W. , type Sdhsecevesens a ue 69 Rigs TG=2Trn.ates saeane OS eens CO OE aoa ac asissens | Schell Creek, Nev.

granulosus, H. &W., type......... aor Parall. Sur. Vratl A tee 2y FIGS) 2—3) Factee ees. seece ce ae GSE Ban eneacecne | Eureka; Nev.

oe Haguei H. & W., type aasneon0%0n er OO UA Se ocnctnomaanincens ss es NE Mos atantnees | Pogonip Mts., Nev.

de Montanensis Whitf., type......... Capt. aie Rept. lips: ‘pL, I, Figs. 1-2...... eis cs es EONS Canaecinscees | Camp Baker, Mont.

ce unisulcatus H, & W., type ...... foul Parall. SN Woke 4, re. 2; Figs. 22-23 ae G6 CS er oanneaBacean Eureka Ney.

cf maculosus B9 Cents 2 Fmt ey a COR Morcecwhiessies © | ts oC

a6 nitidus a OS Pane bg eS oe ef £¢ ee 8-10... Oe fs Oe asOBOOeR OER BG @

fs quadrans GG SOS pee ie Ob se a (SWE Weees ay ss @iWebe Creramsreeer se Call’s Fort, Utah.

G6 simulator co Cl ea lee’ GG ce OC Gg “16-18 OG cS Potsdam........ ..... Eureka, Nev.

DALMANIA. |

Dotevicepstbtalliy type sacucsccececatncacecss-noneevinweset de | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 4, Figs 16—17.........eccsccm-seeo--> ENMOMEOIN SED. aneeneascheccsasanaeie Hud. Riv............ Lebanon, Ohio.

DIKELLOCEPHALUS,

Barabuensis Whitf., type..............cesceseeeeneeees Ceol Nis: ., Wel. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 6-10........c.ecceseereeeeeeee Wnivs Calify..c. cssecsneecs seaetseee. Calciferous.......... Baraboo, Wis.

crassimarginata Whilf., type..............-cseseceees | Ste CCF... 8 AS apenas onee = GG Potsdam ..........--. | Lodi, Wis.

TDialvoart Wi, Nf elspcoseeetcupsespedeceGaceersceereeee reels ae CEG aries USS SI 20 GG ..... | Calciferous... Baraboo, Wis.

flabellifer H. & W., type Reese een ahosememadeeaiee | roid Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. 2, Figs. U. S. Nat. Mus Potsdam...... ... | White Pine, Nev.

gothicus 06) BG sopseanddnnn Asonondenacsasacnd os a s GO iis lhe, ae Quebec............--- Call’s Fort, Utah.

lobatus “6 Cra cate RN Sir ct ei Ses 6 ee « « 2 6 GG CE 6 ee ssannoconagoconNeDS Potsdam..,... ... | Eureka, Nev.

Heodensis) Wihitf,, ‘type s..c2.....0-n2sece-nusenseeceee ee Gell WG F Wok: Ay bl) Os, Hilgae 4 Gece smeesceemente ee coo || Wists (Caisse nccstonnssonncoencenecag 66> aeons Lodi, Wis. :

CG ce Ge eS a an a ee oe aoe ue T2=geeeeeee oe CO TO er an BOP PHCEROOTOCOCORGOd Ce RR se locnc: Prairie du Sac, Wis.

Minnesotensis Owen, Sp..........2ssceececeeaccesscasess Mt oY He LCS 298 A laeee Adee eRe soa |} Whig, St (Colle pconopscoxcpoconnecn0 Be s tees nent eee Mazomania, Wis.

multicinctus H. & W., type .--.....cccc.cccceceseeeeee 4oth Parall. Surv. Vol. 4, Pl. a . Fig. DP emaccon ... | U.S. Nat. Wis ondnbdonacéonnsensca. GB eeocoracaoene Eureka, Nev.

quadriceps ce CE aie isa eat eee heeds 6 6 “ L Figs. 37—-40.... ie CORY S C(Giiparnas Or asec cleelscinstinnsosaees @ebec cere. ener Ute Park, Utah.

Wahsatchensis ‘‘ foe A seats aeeneerenr neces & = oe gs GG Th Ie. Boenanee ean - DPIC aocoobpsnocoD00a900005 Cece ysee es Call’s Fort, Utah.

ECHINOCARIS. $ B

multinodosa Whitf. , Sipe Edaise be esapleswantoteen mondeieuils N. Y. Acad Sci. Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Fig. 16...........00+-0++ Columbia College Erie shales.......... Leray; (Olin,

pustulosa Ne noe con ascgane seine neste tes BG fe Lv ee cf aie ( ae P Bccepecdco y

sublzevis On Chai a Ss bens wart et wise S os es es o6 G6 06 “e we = A Baccicooe R ~

ELLIPTOCEPHALUS. - Wi

GURUS NOTE MEY PCrenestispeleijraoica\stessessasceneienosset Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 1, Fig. 18.........cccceceeeserte coet* VK Si (CONE soccpaasbscppcneocuc0cen Potsdam...........++. Hudson, Wis.

ENCRINURUS. . : , Wallan Gurioes Ohio

ormatus EL. G2 Wi, type: <2.c0..sececsercsccceeesecaresses Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 6. Fig. 16...........cccescnecerteertre’® (ORBIT (CHINE .cncooonnanbacsconecosodce5 Niagara group...... ellow Springs, .

EURYPTERUS. 4 -

IBriensis) WIHIth ty Pe..c-+s0-1+s000scfsonecsecnrvaceness N. Y. Aca d. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 5, Figs. 31-32....-ersee+++ Univ. Calif. ......seccseeeecesceenseee Lower Helderb..... Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie.

WHITFIELD: LIST OF FOSSILS.

iniens GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

eR ie,

ILLZNURUS. |

convexus Whitf., type...........cccsesesessscsccsseseeee Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 3-5....2.0:.-esmmm

ILLANUS.

ROMMISEKUS Hae Ce We, LYPEs snes cteeissien elesiemeer eines 24th Rept. St.Cab., p. 186; 27th Rept., Pl. 13, Fi

Waytonensis EL, & W., typed. ..c20---eseens err ercrn-sene Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 5, Figs. 14-16..............

iraperator Flas... .1s.cseesnaeeetmeansetcenemesecaeenecseie (Creal Wis. ; Wolk Ae lel, 2s Figs. 4-5.. ;

insignis SOR BecimadacneoLnoieeaccouorduccd ponDbocae ss eens -6=10,,.. ae

Toxus COU ate wa nies an fcaitachisn sees nase nicomesilsteses a Gd 666 66 66 CC eee

Madisomianus VWihiths ty pels wces.scerse ceases scclsiset es ee 66. 66 66 20, 68) 80 appear a aa

Ovatusn COnTAdses saclstesie see aceeehiaseemacsiciciincsseree’ GG oe 66 66 CO) Co 2 eee

pterocephalus Whitf.,*types 03 csestsssseseaseeres) 6 ae 6 60" 6620). S58 SO= 2 yaaa

LEPERDITIA.

allie, Crone Xels Sok oasuaaonanocoqcaduecbusuapapoospsoedncodsc | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 25, Figs. 8-9...........2..

<C DOs CCE eS ae RAE antec ocd aad cron te MOOR Ace enc N. Y. Agad..Sci., Vol. 5; Pl. 5° Mig. 27%).-heen

ANeUMlitera WV Mithy mbyperaacreetes-eeseesceresnescioeeee sa lhgteess as ce 60 66 Ss 28 — oem

(IsocHILINA) cylindrica Hall, type...............+ ele Chie: Vol. 2, Pl. 4, Fig. (5..csceeteeee ee

Ob minutissima Hall, type.............6. | pice cae cage Aiiae csieiese eee eee

LICHAS.

brevascepsselalll 2% We. wag meainseon Seaacieeecauaaeca vances [peace cc 66) 66 666, 60)

OGYGIA.

parabola H. & W. , type Ba cee een ata chie sta sinais ae sa | 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 25 Fig. 35: :3eame

jOrogltgin, 99 8G) 100 oe Gacoued ceueonoeysoogsooddbAeeL | a fs ce ee ee Figs. 31-34..

PALAOPALAMON.

INewibennyl Whit, ity pesserdsssccteseeaeeceesacscesccess | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Figs. 19-21..

PHACOPS. |

eae CLEC ES Piacoa uidacir ceisicdsedceesesecacoressisneses | Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Figs. 17-10. ... 22m

PLUMULITES. |

SAI SSIULIE CCAir pty POserc csiceie sects ccenseatemapiennincces | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 24, Wigs) t=2525.se--s ee

New beryl WW hittics ty Mes c.c<cccness\ecosasaceenswseenecer | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Figs. 6-11...

PROETUS. |

Wor anwelauccoN Via lV DCs sce... ciccacseacesseessesaces | goth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Fig. 33)s:eee

parviusculus Hall, BYP. Cremcseaassscaacasetbacrseateeions | Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Pl. 4, Fig. 18. ccteseseeceeeeee

peroccidens H. & \i/og Uaielsenascuaorescseceauscnccssas | 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 28-32...

PTYCHASPIS. |

PLANULOSUSHOWEMEESDs este stored sols cieiesieisios si cisbiamte soe eioe | Cool: ie Ps Wel ce Pl. 1, Figt 24. .2..scees-ceeeee

MALTUILNS MV VO bisemby pe seacceme sus ctcicesecmeticeeeccmasacemcs | ‘¢ Figs. 25—26°502-...-eeee

PUSUULOSUS HELEN CCE We My PE oeensescccmersesctersaccasecmes | “goth Parall, Sie, Vol. 4, Pl) 2;itic2 72-5

SPH-EREXOCHUS.

Rvonsin Ceri bce erase. see seecies secu eoseales saison enieewteles | I Geol! Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 21, Figs) I=2.0.. 2. eee

CRUSTACEA.

(183)

WHERE LOCATED.

LOCALITY.

21.

eeee

WriwAn Gal iene cessas.teacoseceseness

ID Se, ISGA2)9)o-cooccoo ecabsoncosancbseqn00d

Tyrer, (CP bes donacopasenncsondeadesconace

Wastes Ga Coll Mees cetkcesicnaseeveass

ee ‘

eee cce creer ec csecseeeescess

sore cece ses reece sees essen

ce 6c 66

sere ccc ee ee screccceesecse@

Winiwan Calif nksatsst cesses socesos se

WASH Stn COMME ieee ccceuanaasesens

NVistes tolls See ake a aeacte ae.

Wintivey Calitics cucneans one daee vee esa

6eé ‘

eee were seers saeees reeececee

Winiwer Califiescaccccencseotons Senne

S. Nat.

Coiumbiar Colleges. .cc.-ccns-

Waste sts Colleeiens ce avassieteee clasts

Weer

Columbia College..............-

WESUNAt: Mus |

eer cereceesessoresesece

TY [eT es nae ee ae ane |

ERENT CS esadocoonseaoadescon000600 |

| GEOLOGICAL AGE.

| :

| Calciferous...........

IeiNuagara saea teeta:

@limtonbenereceecccrn

eee e cece eeeeee

slrentonhaceeseceeecee

Niagara

sete cece eesce

}) Jabal, IRIN gsonnosas6e

see e ee cecoen

eee cece eeseecee

Seer cere esece

ne eee eee rece

INiagarayecessese ces

| Lower Helderb.....

| Baraboo, Wis.

| Louisville, Ky.

| Dayton, Ohio.

| Burlington, Wis.

| Wauwatosa, ‘‘

ce ce

Pewaukee, ‘‘

Milwaukee, Wis.

| Belleville, Ohio.

| Greenfield, <<

Cincinnati, ‘‘

ce ce

Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Leroy, Ohio.

Milwaukee,! Wis.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Sheffield, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah,

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Hudson, Wis.

St. Croix Co., Wis.

White Pine, Nev.

Racine, Wis.

_ <

Ta.

“er

— 2 a

7 \e :

~*~

ra c

7 - y

ia j

~ NM

{

7 ¥

’ if t

4 t ,

i _— , i

i ; > ; Jp

> Sf

{ nor

: ee ay

i La - ij 7 .

7 a ~ c ’

i < i

’ A yy ie 7 tiny am 7

‘ \ _— hb

’

: =) 5 ¥ — Mil

: » ’ 7

7 i {

= & es !

7 : ote

a Pps 7 yom or

WHITFIELD: LIST

OF FOSSILS.

CRUSTACEA,

WHERE LOCATED.

GEOLOGICAL AGE.

Locatity.

NAME, GENUS AND SPECIES. WHERE PUBLISHED.

Crustacea— Continued.

ILLZNURUS.

CONVERS VWIMIEL. LY PC... cnecscnreoccetesecacviecessnires Call, Minis Welk 25 Wb “ig IEE, BeBfecccon oacococosenpcceeceen

ILLANUS.

cornigerus H. & W., type..........seessseeeeeeeee scenes 24th Rept. St.Cab., p. 186; 27th Rept., Pl. 13, Figs. 20-21.

Daytonensis H. & W., type......:.:0scsseceeeee seers Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, Dr, in Figs. 14-16

fia perAtory Ela) lbeey.wesceuermassseeeiies-eneaera-essiess ees Geol. Wis. , Vol. 4, Pl. 21, Figs. 4-5

insignis EEL e nota: OL atenghianssbise ces eeleieeir aeatatnialals OG oe Ecaae 10,

Toxus Serene Cantar Grcsitaraceereseeeaeesicceusineee FS II-I2

Madisonianus Whitf., type.............0sceeseeeeeeeeees ae 8-9

GRANTS (COMTI S aducdosnogoseeobocnaeesApEeacaoaseooosddad GG I-2

pterocephalus Whitf., typ€.........s.cssesseneeceeeeeees a6 TORT 200 ceclancsn. eens

LEPERDITIA.

2h (COINS, 99s socconoanodosasq0dbEanS ssdoooqeApECentCoD | Geol. Wis., Vol. 8=Ovsistoteae cen: eS

OO OO ed capes aon sonmeuecontos. p Eno scuOoo Aer Tenn ENE WepAeadisci Vol 5s blip hig. 2720... cssn 5 eeeeeees

sates NWWilti fis ty Dermesemerorecrtesrcasecticciessbeceee | COPS 528=30 coc. Mareen.

an) cylindrica VSIENIL, (SABIE. cononsnoanadeno6 Pal. Otte Walt 2, Pl. 4, Fig. 5

minutissima Hall, (891255604 non0n0000 ag

LIcHASs.

loeratezyos 1 NUL oascocecsq00nqs0000 350009 66n6c0005900590050 MG

OcycIA.

parabola H. & W. 7 type Rs een eh esrb eectaede gor Paral. SHI Voll ’45 el. 25 ions Shaseeeeeaes: Sepeeen

prowlncia, 9S 66 OOo soanGe, econionoeoco99G0en005000 cc «ce ee Figs, 31-34

PALZOPALZMON.

New bernyl Wihith fy peicsercscssssscccnsvescnerenassos | N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Figs. 19-21

PHACOPS.

eA AN GTECHEES Diresnoseransovcenerssses ssemccisesn eas ealnessjes Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 26, Figs. 17-19. .......ceceeceneenees

PLUMULITES.

VertestE Le Oc WVinig) LY DCs s\esncsecsncoscoresscenageiiecsccsse Palli@hio}) Viol’ 25 Pliv24)) Migs) lo2iees.seneeereteese see

DNewberryi Wihith..) type. ....<00-0+csescseastecercnseeses N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, Pl. 12, Figs. 6-11

PROETUS.

NEO RA MIN EU OCI 2s ALY DE: jecisecsieeseioascceessoceenebe 40th Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Fig. 33..........:sseceeees

parviusculus Hall, (BY DS SoogscoodncesbeSetacaaeceonEAsone Walk, Oevto, Wal, 5 Jb 4G Le UI, Sceroesonoosoonscn5e

peroccidens H. & INV Gs mby Dehn ciceccin sec succeosesaiae: 4oth Parall. Surv., Vol. 4, Pl. 4, Figs. 28-32

PTYCHASPIS.

PLAMUMLOSUS OWENS SP c..c00coucas save scusrecoeseneaecenee (Coral Wek rs Well A TAL, ty Ts 4 ho-cosospoogasoc cacrcconcnacn

REUTICTELS VY lal Ef ete BEV PD Oars ee elste|seie's os seloid es ais isieleseiscls v= Figs. 25-26............

pustulosus H. & W., type...........cescseeeseeeeeeerees aot Parall. Stée., Vol. 4, Pl. 2, Fig. 27

SPH £ZREXOCHUS.

RYomingert alle: ooo. scccesceescescere-vas Maceo saesiass Geol. Wis., Vol. 4, Pl. 21, Figs. 1-2............ssccssesreoeeee

Univ. Gali fisccscticneosneccs toseucans |

Columbia College

U. S. Nat. Mus

Wis (Nate MUSi ce cece ne deen sean |

“ec

| Cleveland Shale..

| Waverly,.........-.2.

Hud. Riv...

Waverly

| Baraboo, Wis.

Louisville, Ky.

| Dayton, Ohio.

| Burlington, Wis.

| Wauwatosa, as

“cc

66 ce

3 “e

jcaweun OG

uterceres Wis.

| Belleville, Ohio.

| Greenfield, <<

Cincinnati, OC

“ce 6e

| Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Leroy, Ohio.

Milwaukee,| Wis.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Sheffield, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah,

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Oquirrh Mts., Utah.

Hudson, Wis.

St. Croix Co., Wis.

White Pine, Nev.

Racine, Wis.

APPENDIX. 185

APPENDIX.

The following are the genera and species to which reference

is’ made in the fourth paragraph of the introductory remarks

page 140 and the authors of which are Hall & Whitfield.

Genera :

CIMITARIA.

LIMOPTERA.

MopIOMORPBA.

MYyTILARCA.

NYASSA.

PALZONEILO.

PALANATINA.

PHOLADELLA.

PHTHONIA.

‘TELLINOPSIS.

Species :

CARDIOMORPHA bellatula.

C. eriopia.

EpDMONDIA depressa.

Be hilo

E. undulata.

GRAMMYSIA circularis.

G. (LEpropomus?) constricta.

. elliptica.

erecta.

globosa.

lirata.

magna.

nodocostata.

obsoleta.

parallela.

. praecursor.

. secunda.

. subarcuata.

LEDA? brevirostris.

LIMOPTERA cancellata.

L. curvata.

L. obsoleta.

L. pauperata.

Macropon Chemungensis.

M. Hamiltoniz.

ANAMAMAGAGS

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., XII, December 1

M. ponderosa.

Nucuta corbuliformis.

N. Randalli.

N. varicosa.

NUCULITES nyssa.

NYASSA arguta.

N. elliptica.

N. recta.

N. subalata.

ORTHONOTA ensiformis.

O. parvula.

O. siliquoidea.

PALZONEILO attenuata.

. bisulcata.

. brevis.

. fecunda.

. muta.

. ? perplana.

. plana.

. tenuistriata.

PALANATINA typus.

PHOLADELLA cuneata.

Py onmatas

P. Newberryi.

Patnumnecatas

PHTHONIA nodicostata.

SANGUINOLITES eolus.

S. acutus.

S. arciformis.

S. ? clavulus.

S. ? flavius.

S. glaucus.

S. Hamiltonensis.

a NaclacHa- Nar lacilac

. Ida.

. perangulatus.

. ponderosus.

. solenoides.

1899—12.

186 APPENDIX.

M. ovatus.

MIcRODON ? complanatus.

M. gregarius.

M. reservatus.

M. tenuistraiatus.

Mopiota metella.

M. preecedens.

Mopi1oMorPHA complanata.

M. cymbula.

M. hyalea.

M. macilenta.

M. planulata.

M. quadrula.

MYTILARCA arenacea.

M. attenuata.

S. subtortuosus.

S. undatus.

S. valvulus.

ScHIzZODUS Cayuga.

S. elliptica.

S. quadrangularis.

S. tumidus.

The names of the following new

species are given on page 97 of

that pamphlet without descrip-

tions :

SCHIZODUS gregarius.

5. oblatus.

LUNULICARDIUM curtum.

[Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., Vol. XII, No. 8, pp. 187 to 340, Dec. 18, 1899. ]

AaCONDTRIBOMON TO) Dip GEOLOGY Ob iris

NORTHERN BEACK SEIMEES:

Joun DUER IRVING.

(Read March 20, 1898.)

[PratEs V-XVI; Text FIGURES 5 TO 20. |

CONTENTS.

PAGE

I. INTRODUCTION—Location and generalities... ecaae eva talsnii crete tere LOO

Il. TOPOGRAPHY—Details and relations to es. structure. . weetsees) LQO

Ill. SU TICICAPHY, ines eae ee NS 195

AVS NIO HS © RAVE Viti as acres se ee ets oct ca eee cccaoas eves ccdt ce ccoteseaws co eouroeannecs Besereeeee te LOO.

sits) UNM rexaye SEN AY Se cht a a ee a eee pt are om ety Creare inate 4OXO)

oy, (Seana ao} ROSY I NED YON ed ies ee A SE a a oe DOA T ICAL)

Bem CAKDOMILEKOUS iin cert re vartacs oaeetoes cect sweets teas ieseceni ccheteonstasstnacsaewssneeseeeaens PLOL

B. HYPOTHESES REGARDING HISTORY OF REGION.......c.cccscsseescccscececeeecssesssse, 2O2Z

TA fame ES UGH ESI DIN AE AE @ (© KES RN av enon stares satee sess inten et cszscsecaretcw ssutsntenntsscelanenteseancl’ 2O4

1. Structural and dynamic relations of eruptive rocks.

FASS TD) ES CRUD PAD INV Breese acetone tas ae cua cata Wes cats ai aussudevancs Sacst Uc taeeetvuceneastcoeeschertesess MLO!

(a) Meonent TIMEUSION Steg elses cara estat aleeieccentuaccactevecensecsucerts sesedtee rset ZOA"

(Q) eGamlbriamgimtyusions ese cossceccceccsscesessnes sc eee cae sotansesncsae sce octscnsaecsccsen sje OQ

1 TEES STS aaa TEA ere tanta ROG Aiea 209

2. Sheets... WM Ae LANGA aU tal Tae os cause saectngcuecstscen ai seaesd 220

3. Dikes... NU MOAN UL CML eh ga devecolausne as buht ates tuseulcc ester tens meee sted ZOD

Ba COMPARISONPBED WE EIN INARI SUOINS | suserssesstecey ses tacaes sos ume area sene ncaa eaneaeceeay 234)

CANE WSIOFSPRIEVLOUSIWIRICE RS oes seti seen n teen see ene Ce 2S

LD FR CONCEUSTONS freee taeet Ma LU USE lg reall 5s akong suutvets deuce satus teat sneseaeen hOAL

2. Petrography of eruptive rocks.

PNtotie SW NMPAURS Yes rc enema ree MN aD Dn ted aie en DI Lou yan, Nuc oe eaaceeeatelu saat eoeeacesiee CAG.

Of post- Gitnasors 6 age.

Grorudite family.

Te) OQuantz-ce cari te-pOnp My nyeues ceeetice. eeenicseetateoncree tees 240

Phonolite family.

Ze wilT WAC wnnecereseoeeaes ee steases otoicensseatonsesscccessstceesccntstanctaccss secs) 2/7)

3. Phonolite... ii eo seatyic Wea teas coke Re Ar aaaceeta dette. tt 25 O)

4. Trachytoid pRonaliis.,- eb Gertie ie carbene ear Nee sus hen LOO

(187)

188 IRVING.

Rhyolite family.

5 Quartz: porplyitys.sas.ccscesccstecsoesectazetesaeeeeres et ocoee aero e ence eT)

Andesite family.

6. Mica-diorite-porphyny 2.1 e ee eon es ee

Dacite family.

7 DAGUEE cose htic cscks Sey Seales eset a ee ae ae eS EOL

Diorite family.

82/Vomallitte sci Fee Ae Ne ie eee ee RU aE OD

Basalt family.

Q. sAUgite VOBESItES sc. .520 i. cecsontates ss Goereces toed ene oe eee OT

Of pre-Cambrian age.

To. PAmphibolites, 5:22, esse.cces2 sseseer ect hacen eee Corea coae et OO

B: LHEORETICAUDISCUSSION {6h 'scc sheer cectee oe ene aie eee 2 OO)

Bd GATIG O NIK DANS i caissatee soos ea sais oate beta case oe eeee She oe OTE Be EOS)

Be SCAMBRTAN 4.20525 Le luiesacis so aussi SAIC icv ee scsecer deco Gc case osesc ead e cates ae nena

EsiCARBONTIFEROUS els: celeissesoac dds soc ben Severs ee ne te Soe Oe SEL

EE: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS): csi scrutc.cosshucstssssoeseo is aa etn cts ae Sete a REIS

iy INTRODUCTION:

The Black Hills of South Dakota, as has been so well set

forth by Newton in his classic work on the region and by many

subsequent writers, constitute an elevated area, roughly ellip-

ly. DAK,.0OTA.

—

;

PORN a ACN A

wm © =e a «

== ams 6 SEE Oo aE,

ON E Bi AReAy Scan

Fic. 5. Diagram to show location of Black Hills.

tical in outline, situated on the western border of the state of

South Dakota, but extending also into Wyoming. See Fig. 5.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 189

In the latter state and toward the northwest are the Bear Lodge

mountains, the highest point of which is Warren’s Peak. These

constitute an uplift which is distinct both topographically and

geologically from the Hills proper, and although the igneous

rocks there exposed will probably prove to be genetically re-

lated to the eruptives of the northern hills, the district will not

be included in this paper.

For a description of the general geological character of the

hills we can scarcely do better than quote from Newton’s in-

troductory chapter :

‘Around a nucleal area of metamorphic slates and schists

containing masses of granite, the various members of the sedi-

mentary series of rocks, the Potsdam, Carboniferous, Trias or

Red Beds, Jura, Cretaceous and Tertiary lie in rudely concen-

tric belts or zones of varying width, dipping on all sides away

from the elevatory axis or region of the hills. From the hills

outward the inclination of the beds gradually diminishes until

all evidence of the elevation is lost in the usual rolling config-

uration of the plains. At numerous points also within the

hills are centres of volcanic eruption.’ As Newton further goes

on to describe, the Archean (Algonkian) area, which is some

thirty miles in length by twenty-five in breadth, is situated very

much nearer to the eastern than to the western border of the

hills and forms fully one-half of the entire area. The nucleal

area of schists and slates is not, however, as simple as would at

first appear, for at some distance out in the western covering of

sediments and between the main Algonkian nucleus and the

western border of the ellipse is situated the additional uplift of

Nigger Hill. We have here exposed an area of schists with

associated granites just as in the Harney Peak region of the

southern hills. Around the small Algonkian area is present

the same Cambrian escarpment as that which characterizes the

main nucleus. The Carboniferous rests upon it and dips away

from the centre so as to quickly conform to the gradual slopes

of the main ellipse. The uplift is of extremely local character

and has exercised so small an influence on the general topog-

raphy and drainage of the Carboniferous plateau, that, were

190 IRVING.

the geologist to limit his observations to the periphery of the

hills and to the more extensive Algonkian exposures to the

east, he would have no suspicion of its existence.

Erosion has, however, exposed the same complex of erup-

tives as that seen in the more closely studied eastern regions,

and it seems probable that we have here an important link of

connection between the intruded masses of the northeastern

portion of the Hills and the great eruptive center of the Bear

Lodge mountains.

The area with which this paper is chiefly concerned is in-

dicated by the black rectangle on the accompanying sketch

map (Fig. 5) situated at the northern and narrower extremity of

the main Algonkian ellipse. It embraces a portion of the older

metamorphic rocks and that part of the Cambrian formation

with which are associated the siliceous gold ores. A small

area of Carboniferous limestone is included in the northeast

corner dipping down below the later sediments of Centennial

Park. On the west the area contains a large portion of the

Carboniferous plateau which lies between the Algonkian of the

main nucleus and the Nigger Hill uplift.

Il, TOPROGRARERYe

The topography of the district is intimately connected with

the general geological character of the Black Hills. The drain-

age is toward the north and the east, the largest and most im-

portant stream being Spearfish creek. This stream follows a

winding course with a general northerly trend and has carved for

itself one of the deepest and most precipitous cafions in the hills.

It crosses the district in the shape of a bow, in the southern

arm of which it flows toward the northwest, and then with an

easy bend takes a more northerly course. The latter is main- ©

tained until the river emerges from its deep cafon and enters

the broad and open red valley which surrounds the hills. Into

Spearfish creek, from the west flow. Iron and Little Spearfish

and many other streams, all having carved precipitous gorges

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 191

from the massive, horizontal strata which constitute the flat,

densely-wooded areas of the Carboniferous plateau.

In striking contrast to this table-land is the irregular topog-

raphy presented by the eruptive region on the east of Spear-

fish canon. In the immediate vicinity of the cafon itself are

found the same narrow precipitous gorges between limestone

walls, but as we pass toward the east we find that the country

is composed of great numbers of irregular hills and ridges.

Some of these are conical in shape, some are dome-like and

others present sharp irregular crests, while between them all

may be seen many smaller ridges and knolls which greatly

complicate and confuse the drainage. A little to the south and

east of the center of the district is Terry Peak 7070 feet in alti-

tude, the highest point of the northern hills. To the northwest

of Terry Peak, Elk Mountain and Ragged Top rise abruptly

from the surrounding plateau, the former with a sharp, some-

what unsymmetrical contour, and the latter with a broad summit

which curves out like a dome and meets the surrounding coun-

try in a low, rounded bluff. The two last named hills are much

lower in elevation than Terry Peak and for that reason have

been generally overlooked in the earlier descriptions of the

region.

Directly east of Terry Peak is the sharp low-lying summit of

Sugar Loaf hill from which there is a steep, precipitous descent

on all sides. A little more than a mile and a half northeast of

Terry Peak rises the beautifully rounded, dome-like mass of

Bald Mountain, while immediately to the west and connected

to it by a narrow ridge is the hill known as Green Mountain.

To the north of Green and Bald Mountains are a group of ex-

ceedingly irregular, rounded and conical hills, massed together

in a very intricate and confused manner. Of these the most

prominent are War Eagle Hill, Richmond Hill and Ragged

Butte.

The drainage of the district is divided into two distinct por-

tions. In one the streams drain in a westerly and northerly di-

rection into Spearfish creek ; in the other the waters find escape

to the north through False-bottom creek, or in a direction more

192 IRVING.

directly east into the valley of Whitewood creek. The division

is made by a high ridge which passes through Deer Mountain,

Terry Peak and Green Mountain, and thence runs almost di-

rectly north in an irregular line beyond the limits of the map.

The most important of the westerly draining streams is Squaw

creek, which rises in the neighborhood of Green Mountain and

Portland, flows northwest to and around War Eagle Hill, and

then assumes a general northerly course. It finally sweeps

sharply to the west and flows through a deep, rugged gorge

with a general northwesterly trend to unite its waters with those

of Spearfish creek in the extreme northwestern corner of the

district. From the northwest it is fed by a series of almost par-

allel gulches, which are separated one from another by long

rounded hog-backs ; the latter often have quite precipitous sides

and slope down abruptly at their extremities into the gorge of

the main creek. The largest of these tributaries are Labrador

gulch, the most easterly, and Redpath creek, the most westerly

of the series. Both of them are long, rather deep gorges

which enter Spearfish through narrow, almost precipitous gate-

ways. Their sides and those of the canon of Squaw creek re-

veal a very complicated geological structure which is the more

difficult to unravel from the nearly inaccessible nature of the

exposures.

Parallel to Squaw creek and something more than a mile to

the south is a long, shallow stream known as Long Valley. It

heads up at Crown hill, runs northwest, becomes a precipitous

gorge below the town of Preston and enters Spearfish between

high limestone bluffs. Around the north and south side of

Ragged Top mountain run the the dry gulches of Jackass and

Calamity creeks respectively, uniting just beyond the western

extension of the mountain and opening into the Spearfish

through the usual deep gorge. The two other gulches that

drain the flat country between Elk mountain and Spearfish are

Johnson creek and Elk canton (McKinley creek), both with pre-

cipitous sides but containing no water throughout the larger

portion of the year.

A little more than a mile south of Elk mountain is the deep

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 1938

gulch of Annie creek which flows into Spearfish almost directly

from the east. As we follow the stream up its course two

branches enter it. Ross Spring creek, its most northerly tribu-

tary, which heads up in the elevated region around Crown hill,

has cut a deep ravine through the limestone into the underlying

sediments of the Cambro-Silurian. Lost Camp creek, the most

southerly with its numerous branches, rises in the broad am-

phitheatre on the western slopes of Terry Peak. Between

these two streams are the waters of Annie creek itself, which

heads up almost to the town of Portland, and is separated

from the headwaters of Squaw creek by quite a narrow divide.

Between this stream and Lost Camp creek rises the prominent

rounded crest of Foley Mountain, which is connected with

Terry Peak by a high semicircular divide, capped by a series

of low dome-like knolls and enclosing a portion of the pre-

viously-mentioned amphitheatre.

To the south of Lost Camp creek, and separated from it by

a low limestone ridge, are the two short, but precipitous gorges,

which are occupied by Sweet Betsy creek, while still further to

the south, and heading up into Terry Peak to the west of the

Foley Flat amphitheatre, is the wild, deep ravine of Raspberry

gulch.

If now we turn to the eastern slopes of the Terry Peak water-

shed, we are most forcibly impressed by the striking contrast

between the two topographies. Instead of the narrow precip-

itous gorges with high, flat, table-like divides intervening, there

is a great assemblage of irregular hills and divides of all shapes

and sizes, and of so irregular a character as to completely baffle

collective description. Nor is this contrast in any way confined

to this district, but it will be noticed in every case where we

pass from the Carboniferous plateau to the districts of Cambrian

shale, with their vast confusion of dikes, sheets, and irregular

intrusive bodies, a fact which emphasizes the inseparable con-

nection between geological structure and the degrading forces

of erosion.

On the southeastern slopes of Terry Peak and Deer Mountain

the head waters of White-tail creek have their origin, and flow

194

Twin Peake 8755

Ragged Tap Mt 6250

Elk Mt pad

Crack Mt 6ssr

Pharalita Past 6675

Tarry Paok 7e70

Fic. 6. Profile sky-line of Terry Peak and vicinity, as seen from ‘‘ Cement Ridge,’’ on the western side of Spearfish creek.

IRVING.

thence through a deep valley past the

western and more precipitous side of

Sugar Loaf hill. Into White-tail creek

from the west empty a series of almost

parallel gulches heading up on the

eastern slope of Terry Peak and Green

Mountain. The most important of

these are Fantail gulch, which con-

tains the town of Terry, and Nevada

gulch, which forms a deep gorge just

south of Bald Mountain, the two unit-

ing before emptying into White-tail.

Still to the north of Bald Mountain

are two important streams, False Bot-

tom and Deadwood creek. Both head

up near the town of Portland, the first

to pursue a northerly course out to

the plains of Centennial Park, but the

second, with its many tributaries, to

flow through a deep and often rugged

ravine so as to unite with Whitewood

creek at the city of Deadwood.

Probably the most notable topo-

graphic feature of the entire district is

the predominant position of Terry

Peak, from which the surrounding

country gradually declines in every

direction. Standing on the top of

any of the high points on the west-

ern side of Spearfish creek one is very

forcibly impressed by the prominent

central position of this mountain.

The surrounding country rises gently

from the more or less level ground to

the south and increases its rate of ele-

vation slightly, until, with a long, shal-

low sweeping curve, it culminates in

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 195

the Sharp Crest of Terry’s Peak. It then falls as gradually to

the north, the various hill-tops seeming to arrange themselves

one after another in the order of their elevation so as to scarcely

interrupt the even contour of the declining country. (See

piisure 6.)

IOI SIRI RAG

It is not the purpose of this paper to enter into an extended

discussion of the stratigraphy, but in order that the geological

relations of the eruptive rocks and of the ore-bodies may be

clearly understood, a brief exposition of the separate formations

{Geese

‘aa

nee

CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE

ae oe EE nee are GOO Goofeer

PINK LIMESTONE

<>S--I80

CAMBRIAN SHALES

el ks Sha f et

Eg Sy é k ALGONKIAN SLATES, QUARTZITES ETC.

iS BSS9 1 BY LB

Fic. 7. La section of the sedimentary rocks. ‘Taken mainly from ex-

posures near Elmore on the Burlington and Missouri River R. R.

196 IRVING.

and the problems that have arisen from their study is here intro-

duced.

At the base of the stratigraphic column is a series of Algon-

kian slates, schists, quartzites and amphibolites; everywhere

tilted at a high angle and showing an advanced state of meta-

morphism. Lying unconformably upon the eroded surface of

the Algonkian is a series of calcareous sandstones, shales and

limestone breccias which show a thickness of something over

four hundred feet. In the localities where intruded sheets are

numerous this thickness is greatly increased. Above these and

lying in apparent conformity with them are the heavy-bedded

limestones of the Carboniferous, which attain a thickness in

the district mapped of upwards of 500 feet. Above this lies

125 feet of white and red, variegated, Minnelusa sandstones, of

disputed age. ‘They are generally regarded as Upper Carbo-

niferous. This would then give to the massive strata of the Car-

boniferous age a total thickness of 625 feet. Certain shaly

horizons exist in its limestone, but they are of minor importance,

and as compared to the underlying Cambrian formation, the Car-

boniferous exhibits a very homogenous, heavy-bedded series.

The Minnelusa sandstones are not exposed in the district mapped.

A DESCRIP AMIN TE:

1. Algonkian.

The rocks of the Algonkian which are exposed in this area

are garnetiferous mica schists; micaceous slates, which grade

into extremely fine phyllites ; argillaceous slates ; finely bedded

and greatly indurated quartzites or quartz-schists ; and finally

amphibolites and hornblende schists of endless variety. The

series is exposed in the vicinity of Central City, Texana and

White-tail gulch. It passes beneath the overlying Cambrian on

the west and south before we arrive at the towns of Portland

and Terry. To the north and east it disappears in the vicinity

of Sheeptail gulch and Garden City. The Algonkian exposure

extends as a long tongue up into White-tail gulch before it is

buried by the palzeozoics and outcrops appear likewise in Fan-

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 197

tail and Nevada gulches. On the narrow divides, between the

eulches, are found the basal quartzites of the Cambrian. The

slates appear again still farther up Nevada gulch in a large ex-

posure and have evidently been raised to a higher elevation by

a fault whose down-throw is toward the mouth of the gulch.

Thence the line of contact passes around the northeastern slopes

of Bald mountain and across the headwaters of Deadwood

gulch. It then bends out to the west of a large quartz por-

phyry mass into the head of East Squaw creek. ‘Thence it

crosses the divide to the west of this stream into the valley of

Squaw creek itself. The exposure in the bed of this stream is

a dense, fine-grained, greenish amphibolite which extends far to-

ward the northwest and eventually disappears beneath the west-

wardly dipping Cambrian quartzite. Other exposures of am-

phibolite occur in the form of dikes, which are conformable to

the slates and are present all along White-tail gulch. The gar-

netiferous schists are best exposed below Central City, in Dead-

wood gulch. The dip of the schistosity of the Algonkian is

nearly vertical throughout, but such inclination as may be de-

tected in a large number of observations, seems to be to the

east.

The term Algonkian is substituted for Archean because, with

the exception of the amphibolites, the series is of undoubted

sedimentary origin. That the statement is true is shown by the

development of slaty cleavage at an angle to the original bed-

ding. These relations are very marked in many localities. A

photograph of slate taken from the De Smet cut will be seen

in Plate VII. As further proof Professor Crosby ' has mentioned

metamorphic conglomerates which occur near Galena and Pro-

fessor Van Hise has still further mentioned slaty cleavage cut-

ting the original sedimentary banding. There is then no question

that the slate series originally consisted of mechanical sediments

which have attained their present crystalline condition through

the agency of metamorphism. Whether the schists will like-

wise prove to be referable to the Algonkian is, as yet doubtful.

It will depend upon the validity of the two-fold grouping of the

1 Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, XXIII, 494 1888.

198 IRVING.

series. Newton divided it into a newer or Eastern series of

slates and an older or Western series of schists, which he cor-

related with the Huronian and Laurentian respectively. Car-

penter and Crosby have sustained this division, but the latter

authority correlated the rocks with the Archean of New Eng-

land.

Van Hise ' studied the district in 1889 and stated it as his

belief that no division into two unconformable series could be

established. He attributes the more thoroughly crystalline

character of the schists of the Western series to the metamorphic

action of the intruded granite. He then mentions an area of

garnetiferous schists about Deadwood and shows that the

slates there pass insensibly into schists. The intruded rocks

of the northern hills he considers as the agents that have meta-

poosed portions of the slate area into crystalline schists. Al-

though the writer has not seen the schists of the southern hills, he

has examined carefully the schistose area between Deadwood and

Central City and cannot agree with Van Hise that these schists are

the result of contact metamorphism. The slates do ungestion-

ably grade into schists as we descend Deadwood gulch beyond

Central City, but it is especially in these schists that dikes are

noticeably rare. On the other hand in those portions of the

Algonkian area, such as the region around Texana, and in the

vicinity of Terry, where the eruptives are in enormous develop-

ment, the Algonkian rocks are preéminently argillaceous slates

and phyllites. These schistose areas must then be attributed

to the locally greater strength of the same metamorphic agencies

that have altered the entire Algonkian series, rather than to the

influence of intrusives.

2. Cambro-Silurian.

A complete section of rocks forming the Cambrian was not

obtained at any one locality. In the cafion of Spearfish creek

the lower strata were found quite well exposed, but the upper

1C, R. Van Hise, The Pre-Cambrian Rocks of the Black Hills. Azd/. Geol.

Soc. of America, 1, 203, 1890.

Sub-Carboniferous.

Silurian.

Cambrian.

oe Hh

—~

Lal

—

BLACK

HILLS GEOLOGY.

1199

STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION.

SECTION AT ELMORE.

Bep.

Directly underlying the Carbon-

iferous is a pinkish, very evenly

bedded limestone. It is quite

massive, contains no fossils and

is extremely soft.

white, hard, cherty material run

through it parallel to the lamina-

tion, and are often quite persist- |

They sometimes attain a |

ent.

thickness of 6 inches.

Compact purplish to white and

lilac-colored limestone,

pure and highly fossiliferous,

Contains crinoids and Prodzctus. |

fo)

Talus of large limestone blocks

which have fallen from above.

Alternating shales and shaly sand-

stones of varying thickness often

glauconitic and prevailingly red-

dish or yellowish from oxide of

iron. Limestone conglomerates

or breccias termed interforma-

tional conglomerates also occur, |

-but are not confined to any one

horizon and are not persistant

features.

Seams of a/|

quite |

FEET.

250

1a,

SECTION FROM Crown HI tv. Porr-

LAND, AND MINE SHAFTS.

Crown Hill,

Sandy limestone ofa yellowish color

containing Waclurea magna, and

many large Orthoceratites, Haly-

sites catenularis and other un-

identified fossils. Thickness un-

determined.

Fine slate-colored limey shales

breaking into exceedingly minute

fragments of great thinness.

Scolithus sandstonee heavy-bedded

and of indefinite thickness.

Forms top of the unquestioned

Cambrian. Contains borings of

Scolithus linearis, but these may

be absent. Locally known as

the ‘‘ worm-eaten’’ or ‘‘ upper’’

quartzite or as the ‘‘ upper con-

tactiy

Reddish shales and shaly sand-

stones.

Mine Sections at Rua, Union, Big

Bonanza, etc.

Reddish, sandy, crystalline lime-

stone locally known as ‘‘sand-

rock.’’ It is exceedingly calcar-

eous, and when unoxidized forms

hard, compact, bluish material

which is termed blue ‘ sand-

rock,”’ but is in reality a crystal-

line limestone.

Hard quartzitic conglomerate coarser

at the base and lying unconform-

ably on the Algonkian series.

464

200 IRVING.

portions of the formation to a distance of 130 feet below the

pinkish limestone were so generally covered by a heavy talus

of limestone, that they could not be seen. In other localities

they are exposed, but are so broken and disturbed by intrusions

of igneous rocks, that their exact thickness and sequence could

not be accurately determined. In the diagrammatic section,

Fig. 7, the lower portion was taken from the exposure on the

north bank of main Spearfish Creek, just beyond Elmore, and

is quite correct ; the upper 130 feet is from exposures at Crown

Hill and Portland, and is of questionable accuracy. A section

of the formation, which has been compiled from the various lo-

calities is given on p. 199. This section will give an approximate

idea of the character of the Cambrian formation in this region.

The Silurian shales and limestone are quite persistent in their -

occurrence, but all of the alternating series below them show

great local variations. The exception is the quartzitic conglom-

erates at the base, which is everywhere present. No attempt

has been made on the map to differentiate the formations lying

below the Carboniferous, as they are difficult to separate accu-

rately in so disturbed a district. All between the Algonkian

and Carboniferous, have been classed as,Cambro-Silurian.

The Cambrian strata are exposed in the vicinity of Terry

Peak and Portland, and in Ruby basin, which lies to the

east of Terry Peak. They are too much disturbed by intrusion

to afford very reliable evidence as to dip, but the general trend

is toward the west. (Plate VIII.)

The streams of Spearfish, Squaw, Raspberry and Annie

creeks, have cut through the overlying Carboniferous strata,

and have exposed the Cambro-Silurian beds below. In these

exposures the determination of dip is somewhat more reliable.

In Raspberry gulch near the forks, the dip is ten degrees west

of south, but it shifts gradually around toward the west and

finally at the mouth of the gulch, the strata are perfectly hori-

zontal. As we descend Spearfish creek, however, we approach

the northern slope of the Black Hills uplift and the dip swings

gradually around toward the north, and eventually brings the

Carboniferous across the stream bed.

BLACK HILES GEOLOGY. 201

In general little can be added to the work of Newton as re-

gards the Cambrian. There are, however, several points de-

serving of special mention. he first is that the Cambro-

Silurian formation as a whole is one which, from its thinly bedded

character, and the easily cleavable nature of its component

sediments, has afforded an extremely easy access both to the

intrusion of igneous rocks, and to the passage of ore-bearing

solutions ; the second ts that the high percentage of carbonate

of lime, which characterizes most of its shales and sandstones,

has rendered them very susceptible to replacement and thus en-

abled siliceous solutions to deposit their burden of silver and

cold.

3. Carboniferous.

The Carboniferous formation is represented in this district by

a series of very heavily bedded gray limestones, which attain a

considerable thickness to the west of Spearfish creek. They

dip with the underlying Cambro-Silurian strata in a westerly

direction and gradually become thicker as we pass from the

eastern border of the exposure, until in Spearfish cafion they

attain a thickness of over 500 feet.

No careful section of this formation was made, but the impor-

tant features of the series are its great thickness and its massive,

homogeneous character. The latter has made it an extremely

‘resistant rock, both to the intrusions of igneous magmas and

to the passage of ore-bearing solutions. Shaly horizons oc-

cur only at rare intervals, and then are separated by consider-

able thicknesses of more massive strata.

The relation of the Carboniferous formation to the topography

has already been touched upon. The character of rock is re-

sponsible for the deeply carved and precipitous nature of the

gulches. The streams which have penetrated the limestone

have found the underlying shales of the Silurian formation an

exceedingly soft and easily eroded series, and have cut them

from beneath the heavy limestone above, causing the latter to

break off in huge blocks, that have left behind great perpen-

dicular cliffs and have strewn the bottom of the gulches with a

ANNALS N. Y. AcApD. Sci., XII, Nov. 23, 1899—13.

202 IRVING.

rugged and irregular talus. Indeed one would scarcely realize,

in studying the eastern portion of the hills, that in an uplift of

such slight comparative elevation, erosion could have cut into

the uplifted strata so bold and steep a cafion as that of Spear-

fish creek. Another very noteworthy feature of the gulches in

the limestone is that they are in the majority of cases without

water for the greater portion of the year. Those which have

cut through into the Cambro-Silurian contain water, but the

others do not. This seems to have been the result of the solu-

bility of the limestone, which on the west of Spearfish shows

many sinkholes, some of which are of no inconsiderable size.

The stream of Beaver creek is particularly noticeable in this

way, for it flows for some distance as a good sized creek, and

then sinks beneath the limestone, to appear again after a sub-

terranean passage of some miles.

That faults of considerable magnitude have occurred in the

limestone, in connection with the uplifts of Ragged Top, and

the eruptive masses of Squaw creek seems probable. They

are suggested by the presence of frequent brecciated zones,

which have afforded crevices, through which subsequently stim-

ulated, siliceous solutions have made their way, transforming

the broken limestone into a hard flintlike mass of cemented

fragments. The Ragged Top verticals are of this type.

By LDVPOTHESES REGARDING ELS ORWes Oy

REGION.

The geological history of the Black Hills uplift has been dis-

cussed at some length by Newton,' and subsequently by Crosby

and Carpenter.’ The hills were probably an island during the

period following the metamorphism of the Algonkian series,

and upon the shores of this gradually sinking land were depos-

ited the materials derived from its degradation. Thus was

formed first the coarse, basal conglomerate, which everywhere

1 The Geology and Mineral Resources of the Black Hills of Dakota, pp. 203-224.

2 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXIII, page 488.

3 Preliminary report of State School of Mines of South Dakota. Pages 11-52.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. : 203

lies at the base of the Cambrian formation. That this island

was never entirely beneath the waters has been proved by

Crosby,’ who shows that the Cambrian series sinks to a thick-

ness of barely 50 feet in the southern hills, and there dips away

from the central, granitic area at too slight an angle to have ex-

tended up over the higher peaks. Following the deposition of

the Cambrian there is a great, unrecorded, geological interval

during which the Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian strata were

deposited in other parts of the continent. Since the studies of

Newton, strata of probable Silurian age have been identified and

we have a partial filling of the gap. The absence of Devonian

strata is, however, still to be explained. If present, these must

have but a slight development, because there is only a short

space between the Silurian and those rocks which are of positive

Carboniferous age.

For this break two explanations have been advanced :

Ist. That the Black Hills area was elevated at the close of

the Cambrian, so as to be covered by a very shallow sea. Dur-

ing this time little or no sedimentation occurred, nor was there

any marked erosion. Subsequently a gradual subsidence took

place and the Carboniferous series was deposited with perfect

apparent conformity. Against this may be advanced the argu-

ment that no conglomerates exist at the top of the Cambrian to

indicate shore conditions. If, however, the area of the hills

formed the bottom of a shallow sea, without itself projecting

above the surface, the absence of conglomerates presents no dif-

ficulties. Other land areas were too remote to have supplied them.

2d. The other view is that the absence of these formations in-

dicates the subsidence of the region of the hills to abyssmal

depths, during which time little or no sedimentation occurred,

and that the deep-sea deposits, such as have been shown to accu-

mulate with extreme slowness in all known localities, are so

thin that they have not yet been identified. If this view be

accepted it is necessary to suppose the occurrence of a very sud-

den subsidence of the entire area to vast depths, for the Cam-

brian series is throughout a deposit characteristic of compara-

1 Proceedings of Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XXIII, 507.

204 ; IRVING.

tively shallow seas, and no series of limestones exists between

it and the strata in question to indicate a gradual sinking.

Such a profound and sudden subsidence could hardly have oc-

curred without a disturbance essentially cataclysmic, and to the

writer’s knowledge no evidence of such a disturbance is at hand.

The writer would then incline to the first explanation and at-

tribute the absence of the Devonian partially to that explana-

tion, and partially to the belief that the missing series may be

represented by still unidentified strata. Furthermore, breaks

may exist, which are as yet undetected, because unconformities

which might be produced in shallow seas of this description are -

not marked, and are difficult of recognition. Close study, such

as is necessary to establish their absence, has not yet been put

upon the subject. Investigations are now in progress by the

United States Geological Survey, and will probably throw light

on this much mooted question.

Subsequent to the Cambrian, a sradtal subsidence seems to

have occurred, during which the Carboniferous strata were laid

down, and following their deposition a gradual elevation began

which seems to be still in progress at the present day.

LY. PRUE RIVE SRO GKS:

LI STRUCTURAL AND DYNAIHC RELATIONS OR

EROPTIMVE PROCES:

A. DESCRIPTIVE.

The eruptive rocks present in their structural relations three

easily separable and distinct groups, which are found respec-

tively in the three great stratigraphic formations of the hills.

They are therefore discussed under the following subdivisions :

a. Intrusions in the Algonkian.

6. Intrusions in the Cambro-Silurian.

c. Intrusions in the Carboniferous.

a. Intrusions in the Algonkian.

Of the intrusions in the Algonkian formation we have but a

single type—dikes. These may be subdivided into two distinct

BUACK HIbES (GEOLOGY: 205

varieties : pre-Cambrian dikes of amphibolite and hornblendic

schist; dikes of phonolite, quartz-porphyry, etc., of early Ter-

tiary time.

The two are widely separated in age and petrographic char-

acter. The former were intruded before the metamorphism of

the slates and schists, and shared in their alteration ; the latter

came in long after those rocks had assumed a vertical position,

and had received their covering of sediments. The later erup-

tives are, therefore, to be regarded as true dikes, while the

earlier basic intrusions are, despite their similar structural rela-

tions, really intruded sheets. As both usually conform to the

bedding of the Algonkian rocks, and are now in _a vertical po-

sition, we shall class them together as dikes, and defer until

later the discussion of their petrographic and genetic differ-

ences.

The dikes of later intrusives are scattered in great profusion

over the entire area of the Algonkian. They may be observed

making long prominent hills, with a general northwest and

southeast trend, from the sides of which the softer and more

easily eroded schists and slates have been worn away. In Dead-

wood gulch their great numbers may be perhaps better appre-

ciated than in any other part of the area. On Dead Dog hill

are four large and distinct dikes striking northwest and south-

east, parallel to the strike of the slates. Just above Texana is

an exceedingly prominent one, which forms a long ridge on

both sides of Deadwood gulch, and which can be traced for

nearly half a mile in either direction. As we pass on along the

Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley R. R. between Texana

and the large dike to the west of Go-to-hell gulch, a distance of

hardly one mile, no less than twenty-two dikes of from ten to

100 feet in width jut out from the bank along the northern

side of the railroad. Between these lie intervening portions of

schist and quartzite ; dikes of amphibolite and hornblend schist ;

and innumerable smaller dikes of porphyritic rock.. The latter

are of such small size that it has been impossible to map them.

At the point where a large stream branches off to the south ex-

tending up into the Algonkian heights beyond Deadwood gulch,

206 IRVING. A

the track enters a deep gorge, which the waters of Deadwood

gulch have cut in a huge dike of tonalite. This dike continues

to form the walls of the gulch until we have almost reached

the mouth of Go-to-hell gulch. It is nearly fifteen hundred

feet in thickness and, from its great size, is somewhat more un-

conformable to the slates than the smaller dikes. Beyond this

the dikes are seen only at rare intervals, and from Central City,

where the Algonkian grades imperceptibly from slates and

phyllites into garnetiferous schists, to Deadwood, only an oc-

casional dike is to be seen. If, now, one ascends the northern

side of the gulch west of Central City, and walks thence west-

ward along the divide between Deadwood and Sheeptail gulches,

a new feature in the relations of the intrusions will become

manifest. Instead of the separate and distinct dikes, that ap-

peared in the slates along the railroad, the entire divide is made

up of irregular bosses of porphyries, phonolites, and intrusives

of all descriptions, mingled together in inextricable confusion,

Occasionally fragments of Cambrian quartzite and conglomer-

ate may be seen in the porphyry. Residual fragments of this

basal conglomerate may also be now and then observed lying

on the upturned slates, where some higher point of a former

Algonkian surface protrudes through the capping porphyry.

It seems probable that we have here the lowest horizon of hor-

~2 37672708 aes 5

Fig. 8. Diagrammatic section of divide to the north of Deadwood gulch to illus-

trate nature of porphyry masses beneath the basal Cambrian conglomerate.

izontal intrusion. In other words, the porphyry, which occurs

in dikes in the slates below, on reaching the hard basal quartzite

found the lines of least resistance in a horizontal direction, and

lifted the resisting, superincumbent mass so as to spread out on

the irregular surface of the Algonkian below. Dikes of phon-

olite seem to penetrate the older and more decomposed _ bosses

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 207

of quartz-porphyry, although specimens of the actual contacts

could not be obtained. Fig. 8 illustrates the character of

these intrusions.

Continuing up on this divide we leave the porphyry hills and

again cross the Algonkian with its innumerable numbers of in-

truded dikes. To the north of this divide, in the direction of

Garden City, the entire area of Algonkian slate is one maze of

parallel dikes and conical porphyry hills, the former appearing

most frequently when the slates are cut below the level of the

deposition of the Cambrian, and the latter when the erosion has

done no more than remove the basal series and expose the

porphyry below.

These conical caps to Algonkian hills have led Dr. Jenney*

to suppose that erosion had removed the Cambrian from the sur-

face of the Algonkian previous to the intrusion of the igneous

rocks. This would, however, necessitate the existence of super-

ficial characters in the rocks. Such are invariably absent, and

the rocks are of typical, intrusive character.

Besides the dikes in the gulch of Deadwood creek a great

number may be observed in Whitetail gulch, near Sugar Loaf

hill. Between that mountain and Lead City, along the Black

Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad, a great many dikes have been

exposed on the hill-side, and jut out into the gulch below the

track. They are of phonolite, quartz-porphyry, etc., together

with amphibolites of very diverse textures.

Innumerable dikes intersect the Algonkian in the mouth of

Fantail and Nevada gulches. All of these form prominent

ridges, but must be distinguished from the ridges of quartzite

which are always seen in the schist areas, and by reason of their

indurated character often attain greater prominence than the dikes

themselves.

The dikes in the Algonkian are sometimes of very great size.

A mass of this character occurs a short distance west of Central

City in Deadwood gulch. Another is the large outcrop of

phonolite in False Bottom creek. A third is the very large

dike of rock related to dacite, which is exposed on the Fremont,

' Black Hills Mining Review, March 21, 1898, Vol. X., p. 10.

208 IRVING.

Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad, at the apex of the east-

erly pointing loop between Texana and Bald Mountain. Of

these the phonolite in False Bottom creek is the most con-

spicuous. It is a very coarse, trachytoid variety, and is mingled

with masses of a more fine-grained character. The mass is

best exposed about 300 feet north of the junction between the

False Bottom and Carbonate roads. As one stands on the sum-

mit of War Eagle hill, and looks north, this mass can be seen to

cover a great area, and may be easily distinguished from the other

intrusions and dark mica slates, by the whitish decomposition

product that coats its exposed surfaces. The contact with the

slates is not very regular, as it sometimes cuts athwart them

and presents a quite uncomformable boundary.

In the bed of Squaw creek at the mouth of Labrador gulch

and thence on down the stream, a great irregular mass of am-

phibolite is exposed. This is unconformably covered by the

Cambrian, and is extremely interesting, in that it shows that the

older basic eruptives intruded in the Pre-Cambrian sediments,

were at times exceedingly irregular, and of great extent. For

the most part they seem to have been intruded sheets, which

have since been turned on end and buried by the Cambrian ;

but this Squaw creek mass as well as other gabbroic amphi-

bolites between Deadwood and Custer Peak, and many others

in the northern hills, would seem to point to the existence of

large intruded laccolitic masses of pre-Cambrian age. One can-

not fail to be impressed with the extent of these metamorphosed

eruptives, for they show that the hills were the seat of a period

of prolonged and widespread igneous activity, long before the

deposition of the Cambrian.

Such dikes of the later eruptives as occur in these amphibo-

lite areas, do not, of course, preserve the regularity of strike

which characterizes those in the slates; for in general there is

no cleavage in the massive rocks to determine their direction.

The dikes in the Algonkian occur in such great profusion

that it has been impossible in one season to trace out even the

larger ones. The have not therefore been indicated on the map

except along the course of Deadwood gulch, and a few in the

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 209

neighborhood of Sugar Loaf hill. But were the whole of the

Algonkian area carefully mapped, it is no exaggeration to say

that at least one-third if not more, would be igneous rock.

Some idea of this may be obtained from the map if we conceive

the dikes on Deadwood gulch to be produced in either direction

to the limits of the slate exposures, and the space between them

seamed with dikes too small to map.

b. Intrusions in the Cambrian.

fo WACCORIMES:

Of the bewildering series of igneous intrusions that intersect

the Cambrian formation the most conspicuous, and without

doubt the most important and interesting, are the laccolitic

peaks. As compared with those of the Henry mountains, as

well as those described by Whitman Cross from Colorado, they

are of a much smaller size, a fact which has made their study a

matter of comparative simplicity. Within the area mapped are

no less than six igneous masses of a distinct laccolitic character,

in addition to which are described two laccolites from the vicinity

of Nigger hill to the west of Spearfish creek. With the ex-

ception of Crow Peak, of which the writer has made only a

cursory examination, the two most perfect laccolitic masses are

Sugar Loaf hill and Ragged Top mountain, and these will for

this reason be given the precedence in description.

Sugar Loaf Hill Laccolite.

Sugar Loaf hill is situated just to the east of Whitetail

culch, almost directly opposite to the mouth of Stewart gulch.

It forms a sharp peak, which, when compared with Terry Peak

and the general level of the surrounding country, attains only

an insignificant elevation (6,030 feet). The waters of Whitetail

creek have carved around its western and northern sides a deep

gorge, from which the mountain rises in an abrupt, almost pre-

cipitous cliff to the height of 550 feet. On the east and south

from the summit is a steep fall of 100 feet, to the comparatively

210 IRVING.

level table-land below. On the northeast of the hill is a short

and quite deep gulch draining to the northwest and uniting with

Whitetail gulch just below the horseshoe loop of the Black

Mulls and: Fort Rierredk ike

The general shape of the hill is that of a rather flat cone,

with a sharp crest, steep on the north and west, but buried in

sediments, both east and south. Ass laccolites go, it is extremely

small, scarcely attaining a maximum diameter of three-quarters

of a mile.

On the west side of Whitetail gulch the country falls gently

from the rather flat region south of the town of Terry, but is

interrupted some 50 feet from the bottom of the gulch by low

walls of phonolite, which have an irregular castellated scarp and

slightly increase the steepness of the descent into the bed of the:

stream. This same slope is broken by the incision of two quite

prominent, parallel gulches, through the most southerly of

which passes a spur of the Deadwood Central R. R., entering

Whitetail just below the ‘‘ Ruby Bell”’ mine and Stewart gulch,

slightly north.

Geologically, Sugar Loaf hill is situated on the northern

border of the Cambrian escarpment. To the north is the broad

expanse of Algonkian slate, a long tongue of which formation

runs up the bed of Whitetail to the mouth of Stewart gulch.

Above this, and lying horizontally, are some 40 to 50 feet of

Cambrian quartzite and shales ; over this in turn is the phon-

olite of Sugar Loaf. The lower contact is best seen in the two

westwardly-heading gulches, and at a point a short distance be-

low the Union mine. If we now ascend the bed of White-

tail, the blocky columnar phonolite may be observed on both

sides of the gulch, extending uninterruptedly upward on the

east and north to the crest of the peak but passing on the op-

posite side beneath the overlying shales. The latter run out for

some distance on the tops of the little divides. Still further and

near the Union shaft the shales overlie the phonolite on both

sides of the stream, and the stream bed itself passes up into

that rock eight or nine hundred feet north of the bend in the

B. & M. R. R. From the east and south sides of the moun-

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 211

tain the sediments have not been removed, so that the phono-

lite is not exposed, until we have approached much nearer to

the top of the steeper portion of the hill. It has been difficult

to obtain data as to the dip of the overlying shales, for these are

covered to the east and south by a residual talus of the white,

almost aphanitic rhyolite, so extensively developed about the

town of Englewood. Even where they have been uncovered by

the innumerable prospect holes that dot the region, they have

been of so fine and easily contorted a character as to furnish no

reliable information. It is probable, however, were a series of

observations available, as may at once be seen from the section,

that the low flat nature of the laccolite would render the estab-

lishment of a distinct quaquaversal a matter of no little diffi-

culty.

Still, in view of the fact that the semicircular incision made

by Whitetail gulch has cut almost through the heart of the

mountain and exposed both its lower and upper contacts, little

better proof of its laccolitic character could be desired.

The symmetry of the intrusion is marred on the northern side

by a large dike of an extremely coarse quartz porphyry. This,

together with numerous other northwest-southeast-striking

dikes, has formed an effectual barrier to the further extension

of the intrusion in this direction. The rock itself is a dove-col-

ored phonolite of the trachytoid type. As one ascends the hill

from the Union mine, the rock can be seen standing in large,

roughly hexagonal columns, which possess the characteristic

platy cleavage of phonolite in such perfect development as to al-

most resemble a sedimentary rock, The accompanying photo-

graph (Plate VIII.), which was taken about half way between

the summit of the mountain and the bottom of the gulch, will

illustrate this. The plates are readily separated one from an-

other, and seem to be due partially to strains developed in cool-

ing and partially to weathering. They give out the clear ring-

ing sound from which phonolite has derived its name, and seem

to be but little decomposed.

Considered as a whole, Sugar Loaf hill may be regarded as

a rather more perfect specimen of laccolitic intrusion than we

212 IRVING.

are accustomed to expect ina region so seamed with intrusives.

It is true that on the northern side of the mountain the phonolite

seems to cease almost abruptly, being complicated by the quartz-

porphyry, and observations in the Union Mine also show that

dikes and sheets of phonolite ramify in all directions through

the shales that lie between it and the Algonkian, and prove that

the lower contact of the phonolite is not nearly so regular as

the exposures in Whitetail and Stewart gulches would lead one

to believe.

Contact metamorphism does not seem to be common either in

the shales above or below the mass. Silicification, it is true, has

been quite widespread, but is to be sharply distinguished from

contact metamorphism. It is to be attributed to the effect of

solutions rendered more active by the intrusion, and not neces-

sarily contemporaneous with it, rather than to the baking

effects of the heated magma.

In closing this brief description perhaps the most striking

features of the intrusion are its circumscribed character, for it

may be readily studied in a day, and the singularly fortunate

way in which a rather advanced erosion has revealed its lacco-

litic nature.

Ragged Top Laccolite.

A little to the north of west, and about one mile distant from

Crown hill, the low dome-like mass of Ragged Top mountain

rises some four hundred feet above the level table-land of the

Carboniferous plateau. It lies between the two confluent

gulches of Calamity and Jackass creeks, the former shallow

along the upper part of its course, but becoming precipitous as

it rounds the western end of the mountain. Here it unites with

the more deeply carved gulch of Jackass creek. Thence the

two pass together between almost perpendicular walls of lime-

stone into Spearfish canon. As seen from the top of Crown

hill (see Plate IX.), it is a long, low, oval dome of a very regu-

lar aspect, and the same outline appears when it is viewed from

Dacy Flat tothe north. It is only when one ascends the mountain

itself that the extremely rough and irregular character of the hill

BEAGCKK HILUs (GHOLOGY: 213

can be fully appreciated. In going upward from the west, north

or east, one passes over gently sloping strata of Carboniferous

limestone, which have an increasingly steep dip, until within

two hundred and fifty feet of the summit. A rounded bluff of

phonolite is then encountered, over whose crest one may

readily climb, and proceed up a decreasingly steep rise to the flat

top of the hill. From this point the mass presents a somewhat

unique topographic appearance, for it comprises two almost dis-

tinct, roughly triangular masses of phonolite. The broader

and flatter of the two lies to the east and is connected with the

more precipitous western mass by a narrow and almost dike-

like ridge of the same rock. From both of these masses in-

curving tongues of phonolite run out to the south circling to-

ward one another, so as to include and almost surround a large

southwardly inclined amphitheatre. The more westerly of the

two is the more pronounced.

The most conspicuous feature of this enclosure is that its in-

terior boundary is exceedingly precipitous, and that the inner

cliff, notably at the western end, extends around so far as to run

in a direction almost parallel to itself. It is broken away at the

center, and thus affords egress to springs that rise amongst the

the thick forest of Jack pines, which grow from the great

mass of sloping talus, and debris within. The steepness is not

confined to the interior of the basin, for the western arm forms,

on the outside, an exceedingly abrupt bluff, which rises almost

two hundred and fifty feet from the bed of Calamity gulch.

The great rough irregular columns of phonolite stand out

sharply in picturesque and rugged beauty against the sky. (See

Plate X.)

Plate XI., from a photograph taken from the top of Elk

mountain to the southeast, will give an excellent idea of the

crater-like depression and the peripheral valley which surrounds

the hill on the south and east.

If one now crosses Calamity creek to the top of the limestone

bench, at a point a little to the east of the Metallic Streak mine,

the slight, almost imperceptible westward dip of the limestone

may be seen to greatly increase as the phonolite is approached,

214 IRVING.

until at the foot of the bluff, or about twenty feet distant there-

from, it has attained an angle of fifty-one degrees. This will

be brought out quite distinctly by the accompanying photo-

graph, and the diagram which has been traced from it, plate 9.

Passing now up the bed of Calamity creek one finds the talus

covering everything on the northern side of of the gulch. On

the south side, however, the escarpment of limestone can be

seen capping the divide and below it in numerous prospect holes

the miners have opened the Cambrian shales, or, more properly

speaking, those of the Silurian, which immediately underlie the

limestone. These shales become more extensively exposed as

we approach the slopes of Elk mountain, and are to be found

far up on the northern slopes of the hill, but the geological re-

lations in this direction have been complicated by the Elk

mountain upheaval. It is, therefore, difficult to say how much

the extent of this Cambrian exposure is due to that intrusion

and how much to Ragged Top. From Elk mountain towards

the north extends a quite prominent ridge of limestone. In

the low valley between this and the slopes of Ragged Top is

the town of Balmoral. No outcrops of shales can be found

in this valley, for even the prospect holes have not penetrated

the thickly strewn talus. The Cambrian formation is not vis-

ible at any other point around the mountain, but an artificial

exposure has been made available on the northern slopes of the

hill by the Badger shaft.

The Badger shaft is situated on the north side of the moun-

tain, just to the east of a small draw running into Jackass

creek, and not more than sixty feet from the phonolite bluff.

It has now reached a total depth of three hundred and sixty

feet. For three hundred and sixteen feet the shaft penetrated

the Cambrian formation, and at that depth entered phonolite

dipping a little to the west of north, at an angle of about

forty-five feet. The phonolite is identical in every way with

that exposed on the top of the mountain. At the depth of one

hundred and five feet a drift was run toward the south and the

phonolite encountered at a distance of eighteen feet, the shales

lying against it in an almost vertical position. Another drift

BLACK

HILLS GEOLOGY.

215

was run in the opposite direction at the three hundred and

twenty-five foot level, and the overlying shales penetrated at a

staat actes abetted

ttt ¢ 4444

qr ap HP ap Sp Gp qe che af

ipo ap ap oP ap ap ap oP sae

‘

ett

+++ +] iN

e-e+4+4+

aPoy hh Pay te dk

EGO:

+++

+444

Gi Sie

E trt+tto

ap Sr

t++ttt4+t+¢44

+4+t4+t+H+ +444

Pap ap AP ae SP ay ap eo

tet tttt+ttse

tett4et+ 4444+

++eHGetetetettt+t

f| ++ +4-+ Poe 3 +++

R+++ PHONOLITE ++ ++

+ +4 ++ ++

++etegtgatretgrad+e

t+4Heeeeeet¢Gg¢e4+47+4

Hote dk ba de db eh oh th a

++eteae

Wn: ieee

++ eter t

t++ettett

tthe tt

teeter t

theeoetgtrtst

fy ae

Pteteettts

t+t+treye +e 4+ 44+ 4+ 444

Sb ih Soa aS, hy BN ty ty yb

tot 44 44444444

F+ettt+e+teetetgere4

tet tteeeeeetes

t++etteeetetets

A eS A ri rider dr eruure et ee

tet eet

+ +4

+ +t

ae SP

+++

+ +

Section of the Badger Shaft.

216 IRVING.

distance of twenty-two feet, still dipping away from the moun-

-tain, but at a lower angle than before.

A glance at the illustration (Fig. 9) will at once show that it

is impossible for so great a thickness of shale to have passed up

between the limestone and the phonolite in such a way as to

entirely cover the hill, and it would seem to be necessary to as-

sume the existence of a fault along the northern limits of the

phonolite in order to explain the facts.

In the crater-like depression on the other side of the moun-

tain the writer was able to find no exposures of shales on ac-

count of the great depth of talus, although such have been re-

ported.

A small exposure of Cambrian shales was found at about the

center of the connecting ridge between the two triangular ends

of the mountain. They rest horizontally upon the phonolite

on the very edge of the inside cliff that forms the northern wall

of the depression, and attain only a thickness of two or three

feet.

At the head of Calamity gulch near Ellington’s cabin a drill

hole was sunk to a depth of three hundred and seventy feet ;

it passed through phonolite for the entire distance, and did not

penetrate into the shale below. A glance at the model (Plate

XIV) will show that the sediments come into close contact

with the phonolite escarpment on the north and west, but are

comparatively far removed from it on the south ana east, where

they are exposed on the opposite side of the broad, peripheral

valley that extends around the mountain on these two sides.

In the bottom of this valley on the south the drill core men-

tioned above has been sunk in the phonolite, and a small rim of

shales is seen between this and the limestone on its southern

border. On the east the limestone is exposed in the ridge

running out from Elk mountain, and between here and the

escarpment the phonolite is visible in the ‘‘Spook”’ shaft.

Shales if present are obscured by vegetation and talus.

In neither of these two limestone exposures can an appreci-

able dip be observed, but as one stands on top of the mountain,

a slight incline toward the south and east seems to be present.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 7

It appears probable that the more steeply dipping strata have been

cut away by the erosion of the peripheral valley, leaving only the

horizontal portions that cap its outside border, its continuity

being broken to the southeast by the Elk mountain uplift.

To sum up what has been stated, there are two series of sed-

imentary rocks, viz., an inner rim of Cambrian shales, and an

outer one of massive limestone. Both dip away from the hill

on those sides where they closely approach it, so that as one

nears the mountain one passes over the upturned edges of the

sedimentaries before the phonolite is encountered. On two

sides, namely, to the east and south, the sediments have been

worn away from the immediate neighborhood of the abrupt es-

carpment of phonolite, but they may be seen lying above ex-

posures of the latter rock at some little distance. On the west

and north the sediments extend to the very foot of the igneous

bluff, where they are upturned at a very high angle. On the

very top of the mountain a small portion of Cambrian shales

still remains. Bearing these facts in mind we may conclude

that a mass of igneous rock has found a line of weakness or

fracture in the vicinity of Ragged Top mountain, and has forced

its way through that until it has almost reached the Carbonifer-

ous limestone ; that it has broken irregularly across the shales,

so as to completely reach the limestone on the west, but has

preserved above itself on the north a considerable thickness of

shales. On the south avery small thickness of the same forma-

tion lies above the igneous rock. Being unable to penetrate,

the heavy, massive limestone, the phonolite spread out laterally,

forcing its way between the easily cleavable shales and sandstone

of the Cambrian formation, and at the same time lifting the

entire series of overlying rocks in the shape of a dome. But

as the force of the intrusion was strong, and the molten mass

very large, the limestone was domed up until it could no

longer stand the strain, a series of faults occurred, allowing the

fused mass to lift blocks of limestone of irregular shape and size

and to fill the spaces beneath them. Subsequent erosion has

then removed most of the limestone and revealed the irregular

igneous surface, from which the mountain has derived its name.

ANNALS N, Y. Acab. SciI., XII, Nov. 23, 1899—14.

218 IRVING.

The conditions at the Badger shaft indicate that there has

been a fault along the northern limits of the mountain, and the

curved phonolite bluffs on the east and southwest make it seem

probable that large blocks of the overlying rock have been

lifted by the broad flat eastern mass, as by its smaller western

prototype. From the steep inner border of the crater-like de-

pression on the north, we would infer that the limestone was

not as far uplifted within its confines, but that the fracture on

this side of the hill was of a circular character. The rock

was allowed to enter it, and to form the in-curving, dike-like

arms that are so conspicuous a feature. The mass of lime-

stone in the depression was large and heavy, and as the force

of intrusion could expend itself lifting the smaller masses it did

not attain so high an elevation. If we consult the diagram-

matic section on Fig. 10, whichis supposed to have an east and

————

———

SSeaeseaeS _- OC ———_— 1—

Fig. 10. East and west section of Ragged Top mountains across crater-like

depression on the southern slope.

west direction across the depression, these relations will be

clearly illustrated.

Taken as a whole the Ragged Top laccolite forms a strik-

ing contrast to Sugar Loaf hill. The latter is intruded at the

base of the Cambrian, and is comparatively flat and low-lying ;

the former lies almost immediately below the limestone and

owes its ragged aspect, to the massive character of that rock.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 219

Terry Peak Laccolite.

Terry Peak has been described by Newton as ‘“‘ the crowning

point of an igneous region of considerable extent, having a max-

imum development in a northwest and southeast direction. . .

BR recs eens Its sharply-pointed summit is the most conspic-

uous landmark in the northern region of the hills, and is visible

from the plains far to the north and east. Its altitude by mer-

curial barometer is 7,230 feet, and there are but two summits

in the hills that outrank it. It rises fully one thousand feet from

its base.”’

If we stand at the summit of the mountain the topographic

features may be readily observed. The highest portion com-

prises a sharp, rather circumscribed, conical mass, falling ab-

ruptly for two hundred feet to a broader, more gently sloping

portion on the north and southwest, but connected by a steep

ridge to a separate and rather conspicuous ridge to the south-

west. The slopes of this conical crest are so thickly strewn

with talus that the actual contact with the Cambrian shales is

completely obscured. Toward the southeast runs a long

sloping ridge capped by rounded knolls, and which connects

the slope of the mountain, with Deer mountain to the south.

To the northwest an extension of the same ridge connects the

mountain with the phonolite peak southwest of Green moun-

tain. On the northeast the mountain falls with an even

slope in a series of parallel ridges to the comparatively flat

country of Ruby basin. On the southwest a broad ridge

connects the crest of the mountain with the limestone flats,

which separate the gulches of Raspberry and Lost Camp creeks,

and into whose headwaters is a very steep fall ef eight hundred

feet.

As one ascends the mountain from the north, prospect holes

have revealed, here and there, exposures of Cambrian shales

whose dip gradually increases as we approach the crest of the

mountain, until at a point of some two hundred feet or less

from the summit, immediately adjoining the talus and débris, it

has attained an angle of something over twenty degrees. From

this point on to the top of the mountain, and far out onto the

220 IRVING.

divide to the southeast, no break in the continuity of the igneous

rock can be observed. The distinct southeastern outlier, which

has already been mentioned, is completely made up of this rock,

but as we turn toward the southwest a small fragment of Car-

boniferous limestone is seen resting on top of the divide which

separates the forks of Raspberry gulch. Continuing the descent

of this divide, we encounter various exposures of Cambrian

shales. At a point six hundred feet lower in elevation than the

summit of the mountain, these dip at a low angle slightly to the

west of south. In the bed of Raspberry gulch, at the point

where its two forks unite is a thick sheet of igneous rock, over-

lain by Cambrian shales, which here dip sharply to the south-

west.

The rock from this sheet was not examined microscopically

by the writer, and so cannot be said with certainty to be ident-

ical with that of Terry Peak.

Again if we ascend the mountain from Foley flat, on the

ridge which separates the steep, amphitheatral basin from the

forks of Lost Camp creek we find not more than a few hundred

feet above the bed of the creek a ridge of unmetamorphosed

Cambrian shales dipping at an exceedingly steep angle to the

southwest. This is at a distance of nearly half a mile from the

igneous crest of the peak, however, and it is doubtful if that has

been the disturbing influence. Indeed, as we ascend still fur-

ther up the divide we may look off into the deep basin to the

south, and see the Cambrian in great development, but not in so

disturbed a condition.

On the ridge which bounds this basin to the south the igneous

rock may be seen running further down toward the flat to the

southwest, than it does on the northern and western sides, but

still not attaining a thickness of more than three hundred feet

from the summit of the mountain. The southeastern side of

this ridge, which slopes off into Raspberry gulch was not ex-

amined, but from the way in which the igneous talus gives place

to sediments (as mentioned above) on this side it is probable that

the rock is not exposed there in much greater development.

On the northern and northeastern sides of the motntain the

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 221

B. & M. R. R. has revealed the character of peak. Extremely

deep cuts have been made through the ridges that jut out in

that direction, and in them are exposed Cambrian shales and

sandstones lying perfectly horizontal. Vertical dikes of a com-

pact, fine-grained, white quartz-porphyry cut the sediments, but

no large masses of igneous rock appear to disturb their hor-

izontality. At Terry Station a large dike of quartz-porphyry

(different from the rock at the summit of the mountain) is seen

on the lower side of the railroad extending down into Fantail

gulch. More fine-grained dikes of quartz-porphyry of a verti-

cal character also appear on the side of the railroad at this

point.

As we stand at Terry Station and look southeast along the

railroad an exceedingly conspicuous perpendicular wall of

quartz-aegirite-porphyry can be seen, just above the bend in the

roadbed, which curves in around the head of Stewart gulch.

(Plate XV.) The rock may be traced northwest along the rail-

road almost to Terry Station, and in the opposite direction to

within half a mile of Aztec. At both of these localities it gives

place to horizontal Cambrian strata, but its relations to the

shales were not clearly made out. Again, this mass may be

traced far up (half a mile) into the densely wooded slope of the

second great southeastern outlier of the peaks, and from prom-

inent points within this thicket still other outcrops of the same

rock may be seen between. This exposure is probably one of a

series of comparatively thin sheets which, with their partings of

Cambrian strata, constitute the Terry Peak mass.

The only portion of the mountain of which the writer was

unable to make examination is the series of ridges and peaks

which connect it with Deer Mountain to the southwest; but

from the descriptions of Newton, and from the appearance of

the great phonolite masses lying to the west of Englewood, it

seems probable that in that direction a great complication of

intrusions exists.

There are still two more exposures that seem to throw light

on the geological character of the peak ; the Snowstorm and

Sunset shafts. Concerning the first, Professor F. C. Smith

222 IRVING.

has) stated: “The apex of, Verry “Peak consists fof, baste

quartz-porphyry, and large deposits of talus of the same na-

ture are distributed on its various slopes with a few outcrops

of rock in place to the northwestward. Intrusive sheets of the

same rock occur, as shown in the following section of the

Snowstorm mine shaft, in Nevada gulch, about thirty-four

hundred feet northerly from the apex of Terry, and about mid-

way between that point and the apex of Green mountain.

(1) Porphyry, N24 eet.

(2)r shales lOmin.

(3) Porphyry? S157 te

(4) Shale, 20mm

(5) Porphyry, Aabie

(6) Shale, Sieet S

(7) Porphyry, ©s5) ae

(8) Lime-shale, eta

(9) Sand-rock, a8

(10) Quartzite, Omics

This gives a total depth of 375 feet, of which 215 feet con-

sists of igneous rock. No. 1, the only sample in the section I

have been able to examine, is unquestionably quartz-porphyry.

Of the other igneous rock cut in the shaft, No. 3 was called by

the Manager “Porphyry or Trachyte,” Nos. 5 and 7 being

called porphyry similar to No. 1. Between this shaft and

Terry’s Peak yet remain the upper beds of the Potsdam (above

these cut in the shaft) to a thickness of possibly 275 feet, thus

indicating pronounced laccolitic conditions for Terry’s Peak.”

The Sunset mine shaft is situated at the head of a little

valley which runs to the southwest from the north fork of

Whitetail gulch, uniting with the latter at a point a short dis-

tance below the horse-shoe bend, in the Elkhorn R.R. It is

about 1150 feet lower in elevation than the summit of the

mountain. From data kindly communicated by Professor F. C.

Smith personally, and through Professor Kemp, the writer is

able to construct roughly the following section :

1 Transactions of Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., XX VII, 410, 1897.

ew)

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

(ar Shallessa15\ feet.

(2) Quartz-A®girite-Porphyry, 160 feet.

(3) Shales, 54 feet.

No. 2. was examined and is described in detail ona later page

As compared with the rock from the summit of the peak, it dif-

fers only in that it contains quartz as phenocrysts and has a

much finer ground mass, also in the fact that it contains few

large egirites, but in their place a greater quantity of fine

needles of the same mineral. Hence I would take it to bea

peripheral phase of the same massif of which the rock on the

summit is the more slowly cooled representative.

To sum up these data :

The crest of Terry Peak is a mass of igneous rock, with the

strata on the northwest overlying it within 200 feet of the

summit, and dipping away at an angle of 20 degrees. The

thickness and extent of this mass seems to increase slightly to

the southeast. Sheets of similar rock occur in the Snowstorm

shaft, at the head of Nevada gulch, and a sheet of rock which

may prove to be of the same character is exposed at the head of

Raspberry gulch, to the southeast. Between the Snowstorm

shaft and the summit of the mountain great thicknesses of

horizontal strata are exposed. Horizontal strata are also ex-

posed in Ruby basin, to the southeast. From these facts we

are in a position to interpret the geological character of the

mountain. The mass of Terry Peak is probably composed of

a series of sills of igneous rock, varying in thickness and sep-

arated from one another by partings of Cambrian shale and

sandstone. Whether or not these were all derived from the

same conduit or series of conduits below it is impossible to say,

but such is probably the case. The present topographic sum-

mit of the mountain was not then a geologic center of disturb-

ance, but rather one of the thinner sheets intruded from the

southeast.

That the capping sill was of great lateral extent seems to

follow from the almost granitic character of the ground-mass,

from the seemingly great size of the rock mass to the southeast,

224 IRVING.

and most of all from the fact that the mountain has withstood

the degrading forces of erosion long after its lesser neighbors

have been worn away.

The Needles.

This porphyry uplift is situated some miles to the west of

Spearfish creek, between Bear gulch and Beaver creek. It con-

sists of a series of extremely sharp conical peaks, which have

a needle-like aspect, and which show the most perfect columnar

parting that the writer has seen in the Hills, with the excep-

tion of those exposed in the Devil’s Tower. The columns are

vertical, and are broken across by a jointing, which shows a

rough resemblance to the ball and socket jointing of basalt.

Three of these conical peaks are especially high, one of them

rising 500 feet above the bed of the creek below.

Viewed from the south they bear, collectively, strong resem-

blance to a huge dike, but on ascending the highest of them,

one is impressed with the almost plug-like character of the mass,

The Carboniferous limestone can be seen to the east, north and

northwest, forming a wall about the uplift. On the west there

seems to be an extension of the porphyry. On the south

great blocks of indurated sandstone occur and the Cambrian is

extensively exposed in this direction. The Nigger hill Algon-

kian area is situated to the southwest, and it is probably to this

that the exposures of Cambrian are due. In between the lower

porphyry hills exposures of Cambrian shale occur, as if in its:

intrusion the rock had included a portion of that series above

itself, and had elevated this to the level of the surrounding lime-

stone. The conical hills would then be the masses which had

filled the spaces below uplifted blocks of the massive, overlying

limestone. As maps were not available, no complete descrip-

tion of the uplift can be given, but from its general appearance

it seems to be in the nature of a vast upheaval with an extremely

irregular summit, due to the massive character of the rock be-

neath which it was intruded.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY:

iw)

(Sy

Crow Peak.

Crow peak has been described by Newton as follows: ‘ Crow

peak is a pustular outbreak of volcanic rock through the Red

Bed limestone twelve miles northeast from Terry peak. Though

it does not rank as one of the highest points of the hills it springs

so abruptly from its immediate surroundings as to make ita

very conspicious point. Its approximate height above the Red

Valley in its vicinity is 1500 feet. As seen from the east or

west, it appears to be composed of two peaks closely united ;

the southern one is the rhyolite core, while the northern con-

sists of the uplifted sedimentary strata, which are elevated higher

on that side. The rhyolite point is conical, with, however, a

larger development in a north and southern direction, so that

the summit is a ridge several hundred feet in length. Along

this barren ridge the rock outcrops prominently. It has a dis-

tinct cleavage lengthwise of the ridge, and is divided thereby

into plates, which in some places are quite thin.

The steep slopes of the sides are masses of loose and sliding

fragments.

The rock is a light gray, compact, tough rhyolite. It has

been forced through the sedimentary strata, which, from the

Potsdam to the Red Bed limestone, are exposed around the

base, and are all more or less disturbed. The Red Bed lime-

stone is least influenced and surrounds the peak in a gentle

slope or ledge, while a long low swell or ridge extends for

several miles northerly into the Red valley, diminishing and

finally dying out entirely. Within a few hundred feet of the

peak the Carboniferous is seen in a cafion lying nearly horizontal,

while it laps up against the base at an angle 75 or 80 degrees.

The Potsdam is exposed at several places in the cafion, hav-

ing the usual character, while under the Carboniferous against

the peak it stands vertical. It has been more or less completely

metamorphosed into a hard quartzite, though none of the other

sedimentary rocks appear to be in the least changed by prox-

imity to the igneous mass.”

To this description the present writer can suggest no important

226 IRVING.

additions except in regard to the interpretation of the observed

phenomena.

The rock seems to be more closely related to the dacites and

andesites than to the rhyolites. The outbreak is not pustular

but one of the most perfect examples of a laccolite that the

region affords. It does not in the least suggest the idea of a

‘plutonic plug,’ as Professor Russell, must himself have ad-

mitted had he been able to examine it closely.

In addition to these more perfect laccolitic masses others

occur which do not form prominent mountains and whose rela-

tions are not so simple. Their laccolitic character seems to be

unquestionable, although it has been much modified by faulting

and subsequent intrusion. Of these the most important is the

large quartz-porphyry mass, at the head of Squaw creek, the

highest point of which is War Eagle hill.

”

War Eagle Hill Intrusion.

If we descend into the head of Squaw creek from the B.

& M. R. R. we will see that the sides of the deep gorge

are here composed of a light brown quartz-porphyry, which

stands in abrupt wall-like masses. On top of the hills to

the northeast and southwest lie Cambrian shales and sand-

stones. From the broad top of the first hill one may descend

in all directions and find below the thin capping of shales,

solid quartz-porphyry, in whose continuity no break can be

detected. On the east the Cambrian may be found forming

a thin partition between the porphyry and the Algonkian,

and as we trace this around to the north it gradually becomes

thinner, until, so far as can be observed, the porphyry rests

directly on the Algonkian. Again, in the head of East Squaw

creek prospecting tunnels have penetrated a small mass of

Cambrian, which lies underneath the porphyry at that point.

If now we walk southwest from the head of East Squaw

creek we pass up over the porphyry and down to the bed of

Squaw creek, and across the same rock until we find the shale

covering it on the top of the hill. It is again encountered in a

thin sheet on the narrow-gauge railroad and may be seen ly-

BUACIS Hikes, GEOLOGY. 227

ing on the shale in Annie creek, some fifty feet below. As we

follow it around the series of little gulches running into Squaw

creek we find it overlying the heavy basal quartzite of the Cam-

brian in a perpendicular cliff, and apparently running around

the hill, to connect with the large quartz-porphyry mass of

Gushurst hill. The twofold character of the porphyry mass

will be understood if we descend the bed of Squaw creek from

the old Portland mill. Here we find the pinkish-brown “ Bird’s

Eye” quartz-porphyry in sharp contact with a deep bluish

looking rock which makes the sides of the gorge, until we ar-

rive at the large amphibolite exposures far down the stream.

This contact may be traced up on Gushurst hill to the north-

east and in the opposite direction up the bed of the gulch for

some distance until obscured by talus. The blackish porphyry

forms a very irregular intrusion and has tilted up the basal

Cambrian conglomerates on the west at an angle of nearly

twenty degrees. This westwardly dipping rim of quartzite can

be traced from the head of Squaw creek far around out on the

divide between Squaw creek and Labrador gulch.

The two varieties of rock when examined under the micro-

scope present little or no difference, except that the feldspars of

the darker type are prevailingly square in outline and those of

the other generally rounded. ‘The blackish quartz-porphyry of

this lower mass underlies the quartzite completely down to

Squaw creek, and may be seen again in Labrador gulch. In

this vicinity its relations are obscured by so complicated a maze

of intrusions that it would be a hopeless task to try to unravel

them. The more important facts with regard to the intrusions

will, however, be readily grasped, z. ¢., that there are here two

separate quartz-porphyry masses, one of which has been in-

truded partly beneath the Cambrian and partly above it.

The quartz-porphyry of the lower intrusion is cut by two

tinguaite dikes, one in the bed of Squaw creek and of a rather

fined-grained character ; the other a very coarse dike (described

on page 259) which cuts the porphyry both above and below the

quartzite, and of which many huge boulders have fallen into

the bed of Squaw creek. This dike is very persistent, and can

be traced for a distance of nearly one mile.

(/)

IRVING.

Red Path Creek Sheet and Laccolite.

Toward the northwest from the summit of Twin Peaks, one

may see out on the limestone flat a low conical knoll. Ap-

proaching this over the intervening country, are found the flats

to be covered by talus of a dark basic hornblende-mica-diorite-

porphyry, whose chief component in weathered specimens

seems to be biotite. The rock is found sometimes in place,

and sometime only asa heavy talus. As one approaches the

knoll, the massive outcrops are more pronounced, the hill itself

being made up entirely of the rock. From this point it can be

traced far down into Red Path creek, which it finally crosses

in an abrupt cliff.

On the west bank of the latter creek the limestone dips away

from the porphyry at a high angle toward the west, but quickly

reassumes its normal inclination. ‘This mica-diorite-porphyry

mass has spread out in great thickness and extent toward the

east, and appears to have split into sheets of varying size as one

proceeds in that direction. It outcrops on the crests of the

divides which run toward the northeast into Squaw creek, as far

as the west branch of Labrador gulch, and on the higher points

of these it is covered by thin cappings of Cambrian shales.

Just northwest of Twin Peaks it is cut by a dike of very coarse

tinguaite, the extension of which appears on the divide separat-

ing Red Path from Squaw creek proper.

Bald Mountain.

To the northwest of Terry peak rises the beautifully rounded

dome of Bald mountain, lying between the south fork of Dead-

wood creek on the north and the deeply carved Nevada gulch

on the south. The summit is covered by a considerable thick-

ness of a fine, bluish-looking quartz-aegirite-porphyry, and on

the side are exposed the Cambrian shales and quartzites. Many

faults occur on the mountain, and dikes, sheets and irregular

masses of quartz-porphyry and phonolite are extensively exposed.

It may prove to be the remnant of a laccolitic mass, but needs

further study.

BEACK HIMES: GHOLOGY:

2. SHEETS IN THE CAMBRIAN.

Second only in importance, and in number far superior to the

laccolitic masses, are the sheets which occur in the Cambrian

formation. So great is their number throughout the district

that it is no exaggeration to say that the thickness of the Cam-

brian formation has been increased by nearly one-fourth in

those localities which are near the centers of eruption. Crosby

has remarked’! with great truth: ‘ It is no uncommon thing to

find, as in the district on the east side of Terry peak, known as

Ruby Basin, from four to six intrusive sheets in one continuous

exposure ; the thickness of the Potsdam partings, in some cases,

scarcely exceeding that of the eruptive layers.” The sheets

vary from less than a foot through all thicknesses up to 200

or 300 feet, until we pass by imperceptible gradations into those

masses that can be more properly described as laccolites. They

vary greatly also in their regularity and persistence, sometimes

being short, thick and irregular, and again long, thin and of

great lateral extent. The more extended and persistent sheets

lie between the heavy and less easily broken members of the

Cambrian series, while those which assume a very irregular

form are most commonly in the thicker horizons of very fine

shales, where fracture is equally easy in all directions.

The largest and most persistent sheet of the district is that

which is exposed on the sides of Squaw creek. It originates

in a very large dike-like mass of trachytoid phonolite, nearly

opposite the mouth of Redpath creek, through which the

stream has cut a deep, narrow pathway with precipitous sides.

From here it may be traced up along the sides of the creek

almost to the mouth of the west branch of Labrador gulch,

where, following the dip of the Cambrian, it has mounted high

up on the side of the divide. On the opposite side of Squaw

creek it cannot be traced so far south, but has attained a much

higher elevation by reason of the westerly dip of the shales

and sandstones.

Measurements of the thickness of this sheet were not made,

but it is probably not less than 200 feet in the thickest

1 Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XXII, p 512.

230 IRVING.

portions. Ascending higher on the side of Squaw creek we

encounter the hornblende-mica-diorite-porphyry of the Red-

path laccolite, which here has spread out into thinner sheets.

Again, not far above the mouth of Squaw creek, two sheets,

one of mica-diorite-porphyry, the other of a fine grained phon-

olite, may be observed with a very thin parting between them, -

dipping with the Cambrian toward the west. Besides these

larger masses many smaller sheets, innumerable dikes and ir-

regular masses occur on Squaw creek. In the vicinity of Rich-

mond hill and Ragged butte, two large dikes of quartz-porphyry

jut out toward the south, and form exceedingly conspicuous

land marks.

Between Crown Hill and Twin Peaks, near the Crown mine,

is a sheet of light green egirite-quartz-porphyry, similar to

that of Elk mountain.

Still farther is a prominent knoll formed of a projecting out-

crop of coarse trachytoid phonolite of a yellowish color, and

not to be distinguished megascopically from a trachyte. _ Pass-

ing down the divide to the northwest, we next encounter lime-

stone, and finally the two-fold conical hill, which has been

called Twin Peaks. It is composed of a coarse, rotten quartz-

porphyry which forms two rather sharp, conical peaks connected

by a somewhat lower ridge of the same rock. Onthe south and

west, 210 feet below the summit, we find limestone, but a little

farther around toward the west a prospect hole shows the Cam-

brian shales, and the same formation is to be found east and

northwest. On the west it seems to come in contact with the

mica-diorite-porphyry. The tinguaite dike occurring in the

Ulster mine can be traced up almost to the summit of the hill

by fragmental outcrops, and probably cuts the eruptive forming

the hill. No disturbance of the surrounding sediments was

observed. The hill is probably the remnant of a laccolite in-

truded below the limestone of the Carboniferous, and from -

which erosion has removed all of the sedimentary covering and

left only the core of the hill resting in apparent conformity

upon the Cambrian shales.

Beyond the mouth of Squaw creek, in Spearfish cafion, about

BUACKHEICSs GEOLOGY: 231

half a mile above Maurice, are two sheets of phonolite. The

one nearer Maurice is of a grayish character and indetermin-

able extent. The other is some distance farther up stream,

and is in the form of a very heavy sheet, intruded just below

the Carboniferous limestone. It is extremely thick in places

and is best exposed where a small stream has cut through it a

very deep, narrow gorge, not more than a few feet from the

railroad. It is one of the most typical phonolites of the region.

No further igneous rocks can be observed in Spearfish canon

until the mouth is reached of Annie creek. Here there is a very

thick sheet of a fine-grained phonolite, and the same rock is

found in the bed of the creek near the railroad bridge, some

distance up stream. Along the railroad, close to Elmore and

at other points on the east bank of the creek, are other expo-

sures. Ascending Annie creek one encounters two sheets of

phonolite, the lower of which may be seen lying with perfect

horizontality on the Cambrian shales ‘at the mouth of Lost

Camp creek. It may be traced up the stream until it disappears

beneath the shales a little below Davier’s cabin. The upper

sheet runs far up into Rose Spring creek on the north and

around into Lost Camp on the south. Other sheets and dikes

of phonolite occur in this locality also.

At the head of the stream is the rounded summit of Foley

peak, which is composed of quartz-porphyry. Whether this

mountain consists of a series of sheets or is one large mass of

igneous rock was not determined.

Lying almost exactly between Foley peak and Green moun-

tain is an irregular sheet of phonolite of considerable extent,

which extends down to the railroad near Portland, and was

evidently a portion of the same mass that forms the crest of

Green mountain, but the connecting portions have long since

been removed by erosion.

Beneath the Green mountain mass lie the Cambrian shales in

which mine tunnels have been run in all directions toward the

center of the hill. None of them, however, encountered any

phonolite.

Sheets of quartz-porphyry are also to be seen on the slopes

232 IRVING.

of Green mountain, and a large mass of that rock occurs on the

saddle between Green and Bald mountains.

On the slopes of Terry peak, in Nevada and Fantail gulches,

and throughout the entire district known as Ruby Basin, sheets

of igneous rock occur in great abundance. In the Cambrian

west of Englewood there is an enormous mass of fine-grained

phonolite of a brilliant green color, which is apparently present

in the form of avery large sheet. Another sheet of biotite-

phonolite appears southeast of Aztec and covers an extensive

area. On the railroad from Aztec to Englewood many sheets

of phonolite are seen, and also sheets of a white, exceedingly

fine-grained rhyolite, which is intersected by a dark-colored

quartz-porphyry in very small dikes.

3. DIKES IN THE CAMBRIAN.

Besides the sheets and laccolites, dikes appear in considerable

numbers in the Cambrian. In the Ruby Basin district vertical

dikes of quartz-porphyry occur. Some of them are of consid-

erable size, as that which juts out from Terry Station into the

head of Fantail gulch. Others are very small.

Phonolite also occurs in dikes throughout the region and

when found in contact with the quartz-porphyry always inter-

sects the latter, a relation which proves the phonolites to be the

relatively later intrusives. Instances are the long, coarse tin-

guaite dike near the Rua mine, the dike with east and west

strike in Squaw creek below the Gushurst mine, the dike north-

west of Twin Peaks and many others.

C. Intrusions in the Carboniferous.

These are comparatively few in number and of limited areal

extent. They cannot be classed as dikes, sheets or laccolites,

but are more in the nature of thick irregular masses, which

seem to belong to none or to all three of these types. The

most conspicuous is Elk mountain.

Elk mountain.—This hill is situated on the Carboniferous

plateau, something less than one mile, directly east of Crown

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 233

Hill. (See Plate IX.) It is elliptical in outline, having its lon-

ger development in an east and west direction, and rises about

400 feet from its base. On the east and west it slopes quite

gradually down to the Carboniferous limestone, but on the south

by a somewhat steeper descent passes into the head of Elk

canon. These relations can be best understood from the model.

(Plate XIV.) On the top of the mountain is a ragged expo-

sure of quartz-aegirite-porphyry from which talus has fallen

and covered the upper slopes of the hill. Prospect holes have

revealed the limestone on both sides of the mountain at a point

170 feet lower in elevation than the summit. At various other

points shafts have been sunk, but all have been in the limestone,

and with the exception of one on the northern slope, and at a

very considerable distance from the top, have encountered noth-

ing but limestone. In this shaft two sheets of from 10 to 20

feet in thickness and with irregular contacts were struck at a

depth of about 75 feet. :

On the east of the ridge previously mentioned, and in the

bottom of Long Valley, extending out across the road, is an

irregular exposure of a rock similar in appearance to that on

the top of the mountain. It was not, however, examined under

the microscope. The only other exposure of porphyry near

the mountain is that near the bottom of Calamity gulch, and

this is probably connected with the Ragged Top upheaval.

On the east slope of the hill, at a point 300 feet below the

summit, quite extensive tunnels have been run. In them the

limestone is seen dipping at an angle of 20 degrees toward the

northeast. Excepting in this tunnel, no disturbance can be de-

tected in the strata that compose the mountain.

It will at once appear that Ell mountain is not to be consid-

ered a typical laccolite. It is a comparatively thin capping of

porphyry (170 feet) on a mountain composed almost entirely of

limestone—a mountain which owes its existence to the protec-

tion afforded by the hard rock above, rather than to elevatory

forces acting from below.

The sheets mentioned as occurring in Calamity gulch, on the

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII, Nov. 25, 1899—15.

234 IRVING.

northeast, and in the bed of Long Valley creek, may be con-

nected with the dike, from which the Elk mountain mass orig-

inated, and it is not improbable that this dike is within the mass

of Elk mountain. In that sense, then, the latter is laccolitic.

It presents, however, no essential difference from the other

small, thick-set intrusions in the Carboniferous.

Other Intrusions in the Carboniferous.

On the divide between Calamity gulch and a tributary of

Spearfish creek, which runs in a northwesterly direction, is an

exposure of phonolite of a very irregular character. It outcrops

in an abrupt cliff on the edge of the gulch, and from the flats to

the southwest is a quite conspicuous point. On the middle of

the divide it is covered by limestone, but is exposed again

around the head of the gulch. To the west, on the edge of the

cafion, and directly across from Spearfish. Falls, is another mass

of the same rock. A third and very irregular mass of tinguaite

is seen on the edge of the cafion on the Pete Hand flat. Other

than these, irregular dikes and porphyry masses occasionally

occur in the limestone. Such are especially noticeable in the

Ulster mine, which is on the ridge just southeast of Twin Peaks.

Here dikes and irregular masses of quartz-porphyry and phon-

olite appear, and some of them are of considerable extent.

All, however, seem to be connected with the Twin Peaks up-

lift. The only other intrusion in the Carboniferous worthy of

note is the large sheet of mica-diorite-porphyry which cuts

across from the Cambrian up into the Carboniferous, so as to

include a portion of that formation below itself.

B. -COMPARISON BETWEEN INTRUSIONS IN* GEE

DORE POR VEAGIONS:

Perhaps no more striking feature of the eruptive action in the

Northern hills can be found than the contrast in form and dis-

tribution presented by the intruded masses as they pass from

one formatian to another.

The lithological character of the formation has in each case

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 235

exerted a powerful influence on the form of the intrusion. In

the Algonkian areas, where the schists and slates are tilted on

end, the lines of least resistance lie in an approximately vertical

direction, and we have a great profusion of dikes, conforming

without exception to the strike and dip of the slates. Only

when the intruded mass has been large and the force of intru-

sion very great do we find irregularities, and even then the gen-

eral trend of the masses shows a pronounced parallelism to the

lamination of the Algonkian. So soon, however, as the erup-

tives reach the Cambrian formation a complete reversal of con-

ditions takes place. The lines of least resistance lie now in a

horizontal direction, and eruptives on encountering the heavier

members of this formation have found it easier to insinuate

themselves between the easily cleavable shales and sandstones

than to break through the heavy overlying rocks. Therefore

we find the predominant type of intrusion in the Cambrian

formation to be the intruded sheet. The jointed character of

the sandstones and the easy compressibility of the shales be-

tween has, however, caused many fractures and faults, resulting

in the production of dikes and irregular bodies and modifying

the usual horizontal type of intrusion. By such fractures the

magmas have been allowed to penetrate all horizons and intro-

duce themselves between the shales wherever they have found

an unyielding roof to bar their further progress. If the intruded

mass has been large, and the force of intrusion great, not only

has the rock spread out between the sediments, but it has domed

up those which overlay it, producing a laccolite.

In the Cambrian formation we can distinguish three separate

horizons which are most commonly invaded by the eruptives.

Ist. That between the Algonkian and the heavy basal quartz-

itic conglomerate which immediately overlies it.

2d. That underlying the heavy upper quartzite.

3d. Immediately at the top of the Cambro-Silurian, under

massive limestone of the Carboniferous.

In addition, sheets occur at all the intervening zones, their

choice of horizon being influenced by local variations in the thick-

ness of the alternating shales and sandstones of the Cambrian.

236 IRVING.

But not only are sheets and laccolites characteristic types of

intrusions in the Cambrian formation, but dikes and irregular

bodies are very extensively developed in the regions of greatest

eruptive activity. There is, however, in the most irregular

masses often a readily traceable connection between the form

which the eruptive has assumed and the character of the rock

into which it has been intruded. An excellent illustration of

this can be seen in the railroad cut at Portland. A cut has

been made through the upper measures of the Cambrian, reveal-

ing a few feet of heavy sandstone, over which lie some 15 feet of

Cambrian shales. These are of an extremely fine, fissile, char-

acter, separating easily into the very thinnest of plates. A cross

jointing has further been developed, so that they break in all

directions with equal facility. Into these have been intruded

masses of quartz-porphyry which present a very peculiar ellip-

tical form, as if the railroad had cut across the arm-like exten-

sion of an irregular eruptive mass. When examined closely,

however, they prove to be merely nuclei of comparatively unde-

composed porphyry, which are connected with very irregular

branching masses. These run out in all directions, but from

their decomposed condition and the partial covering of shales,

which have fallen from above, they are not to be observed at

first sight. Plate XVI is a photograph of one of these masses

in which the line between the irregular porphyry and the shales

has not been completely obscured.

Not only is there a marked contrast between the intrusions

in the Cambrian and the Algonkian, but an even greater one

manifests itself as we pass from these formations up into the

limestones of the Carboniferous.

Instead of the innumerable intrusive masses that dot the

Cambrian areas, the integrity of the limestones is disturbed by

very few, for the massive character of the rock, and its great

thickness have been an effectual barrier to the upward passage

of the igneous rock. Dikes, as, for instance, the biotite phono-

lite dike in Spearfish cafon, on reaching the Carboniferous

have been unable to penetrate it and have become “blind.”

Where vertical fissures have allowed the igneous rock to pene-

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. Dah

trate, it has been either in the usual small thick-set intrusion,

such as that on Elk mountain or laccolitic masses, such as

Ragged Top, Crow Peak or the Needles. The latter are not

really intrusions in the Carboniferous, but were formerly cov-

ered by it and have been exposed by erosion.

A glance at the sketch map, fig. 11, will bring out these rela-

Fig. 11. _Sketch map showing relation of intrusions to formations into which

they have been intruded. The black portions are the eruptives, the white areas are

the Algonkian and Cambro-Silurian, the shaded areas are the Carboniferous lime-

stone,

tions. The shaded areas are those covered by the Carbon-

iferous and overlying formations. The unshaded portions are

those from which the limestone has been completely removed.

238 IRVING.

Co VIEWS OR SE REV IOUS MW Adi rics:

Probably no geological feature of the Black Hills has at-

tracted a greater amount of attention than the eruptive rocks.

The number of small igneous peaks there exposed is so great,

and they occur so closely crowded together within a compara-

tively limited area, and show such unique structure, that it is

quite natural that, even with the very superficial examinations

given to them, they should have become widely known.

Newton was the first to examine them, and was impressed

with the extremely local character of the disturbance which

they had produced upon the encompassing sediments. ‘This fact,

taken together with the manner in which the sediments were

upraised about their sides, led him to account for them by the

theory of pustular eruptions. He considered them as eruptive

masses that had broken up through the overlying rock, reach-

ing up to and extending beyond the surface so as to leave the

strata uplifted around them, just as are the broken edges of a

piece of paper when it has been penetrated by a pencil. Such

an assumption, as Professor Crosby has stated,’ necessitates a

degree of viscidity which it is difficult to imagine in any magma

that has reached the surface, for in no case has the rock flowed

outward from the center of the eruption.

Some years after Newton’s report had been made, Professor

Crosby visited the Hills and, in company with Dr. F. R. Car-

penter, studied the various formations exposed.

In a short discussion” of the igneous phenomena he calls

attention to the occurrence of true laccolites, a form of intrusion

unknown at the time of the Newton survey ; and of vast num-

bers of sheets and dikes occurring in the hills together with them.

He then shows that the existence of these thin, conformable,

intruded sheets necessitates a degree of fluidity in the rock

which is entirely at variance with Newton’s theory.

Finally Professor I. C. Russell visited the region. He did

not study the same portion of the country as Crosby, but con-

1 Proceedings of Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XXII., page 513.

£Op cit. Page 512.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 239

fined his attention to several of the more prominent igneous up-

lifts that are far removed from the axis of the hills. Of these

he studied four: Sundance hill, Mato Tepee, Little Sundance

hill and the Little Missouri buttes. For the others he referred

to the accurate descriptions of Newton. Like Newton, he was

impressed by the local nature of the disturbances and by the

uplifted strata around them.

He further calls attention to the entire absence of dikes and

auxiliary intrusives in their neighborhood, and accounts for

their form by the assumption that they were “ plutonic plugs”

injected into overlying strata from below with a force sufficient

to perforate portions of the sediments, but still buried deep be-

low the surface. His theory, as that of Newton, implies a

viscidity such that the formation of fluid intrusions like sheets

and dikes was an impossibility, and differs from the first theory

only in regard to the large amount of superincumbent strata.

It is in part owing to the great pressure exerted on the intrusion

by this overlying rock that he attributes the viscidity, impossi-

ble in a surface eruption. In a second paper he discusses the

general nature of intrusions and elaborates his theory of “ plu-

tonic plugs” from phenomena observed in the hills. The paper

is too long for quotation, and for a complete review the reader

is referred to the same, but the points with which we are mainly

concerned are these :

The distance to which an intrusion will extend laterally is depend-

ent largely on the consistency of the intruded rock ; if fluid it will

extend to great distance, as the Palisades diabase ; if slightly viscid

it will produce a less extended upheaval and will from a laccolite ;

and, finally, if very viscid it will form an extremely local upheaval,

as the ‘‘plutonic plugs’’ of the Black Hills. Such viscidity is a

function: /7rst of the chemical composition of the rock, acid rocks

being more viscid than basic ; and second, of the pressure exerted by

the depth of burial, the more deeply buried being the least fluid.

Newton has shown that the rocks forming the peaks discussed are

acid rocks, and also that the strata which formerly covered them

were of a probable depth of 4 000 feet. Both conditions for the

existence of ‘‘ plutonic plugs’’ are then fulfilled. The peaks studied

are of this character, and from the writings of Newton the others

seem to be.

240 IRVING.

' Of the peaks discussed in Russell’s paper the writer has

studied Crow and Terry peaks, but in addition has described

Sugar Loaf hill, the Needles, Ragged Top mountain, Elk

mountain and other igneous masses. What further study may

reveal in the cases of far outlying peaks, as Custer peak, Bear

butte, Inyan Cara, Mato Tepee and the Little Missouri

buttes, of course, cannot be stated, but from the fact that these

peripheral bodies were forced up beyond the level of the Car-

boniferous the conclusions adduced would seem to be equally

applicable to them.

In addition to the above cited papers, a short report on the

geology of the same portion of the hills studied by the writer

appeared in the transactions of the American Institute of Mining

Engineers, in which mention is made of Terry peak and Sugar

Loaf hill as laccolites, and also of the numerous intruded sheets

and dikes of the district. As the paper is chiefly concerned

with the ore bodies, however, there is no discussion of the struc-

tural relations of the eruptives.

The fact which strikes one most forcibly in the studies of those

who have so far written on this subject is that their conclusions

were the results in either case of the phenomena observed within

the limited district they studied. _Newton’s observations, from

the hurried nature of his survey were necessarily, confined to

the larger and more conspicuous eruptive bodies, and especially

the unique hills that lie in the periphery of the main Black

Hills uplift. The smaller sheets and dikes that would imply a

degree of fluidity inconsistent with his hypothesis were over-

looked by him. Even more is this true of Russell whose stu-

dies were made where the absence of dikes and smaller intru-

sions seemed phenomenal, and who was able to see only the

peaks farthest removed from the main eruptive center of the

hills. Crosby, on the other hand, made his observations directly

in the heart of the eruptive region, and was strongly impressed

by the vast numbers of small dikes, sheets and irregular bodies

that intersect the sedimentary rocks, and thus was led to regard

the intrusions as a very fluid series.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 241

Ds CONGEUSIONS:

If we bar out the pustular theory of Newton, which is ren-

dered improbable by the complete absence of superficial features

in the rocks composing the igneous peaks, we are left with two

almost contradictory assumptions—one that the magmas in-

truded were of great viscidity, and hence took the form of

“plutonic plugs”’; the other that they were extremely fluid,

and were thus enabled to spread out into thin sheets. How

can we reconcile these opposing hypotheses, and the facts ad-

vanced in support of them? If we areto accept Russel’s view

that the outlying masses of Bear butte, Mato Tepee, etc., are

“plutonic plugs” it is necessary to explain the occurrence of

the vast number of intrusive sheets and dikes in the region

about Terry peak.

It might be suggested that the Terry peak region is near the

center of the uplift, and that for this reason the pressure of the

overlying sediments may have been relieved by erosion, while

the sediments remained in their full development on the out-

lying portions of the hills. This then might enable us to ex-

plain the predominance of fluid magmas in the central region

and more viscid upon the borders of the hills, on the ground

that the latter were the more deeply buried. The laccolitic

peaks are not, however, confined to the borders of the hills.

Crow peak, which is one of the most typical and is cited both

by Newton and Russell, is situated well up on the border of the

eruptive center. The uplifts known as the Needles, Terry peak

and Ragged Top (and the latter is more plug-like in its aspect

than any of the other masses that the writer has seen) are

directly in the center of the region most thickly seamed with

dikes and sheets.

Again, we cannot explain the occurrence of these laccolitic

masses by the argument that. they are of a more acidic rock

than those which form the sheets and dikes in their immediate

vicinity, for these latter types of intrusives frequently range

well up over 70 per cent. in silica. In the case of the Ragged

Top mass, moreover, widespread, thin and markedly conform-

242 IRVING,

able sheets of a rock, which is chemically and mineraloyvically

almost precisely similar, are found lying between the horizontal

Cambrian shales not more than a mile distant. In the opposite

direction in Squaw creek, at even less distance, dikes and sheets

of phonolite occur in great numbers. Again the rock of Crow

peak may be duplicated in many sheets and dikes not far dis-

tant, as may also that which forms the Needles. Can we then

imagine two rock masses intruded at the same time, under the

same conditions, and of the same chemical composition, to be

of a highly fluid character in one place, and sufficiently viscid

to forma ‘plutonic plug’”’ in another at no appreciable distance ?

But if we are not to explain the form of these larger intru-

sions by the assumption of a high degree of viscidity, we most

look elsewhere for the causes that have determined it, and the

explanation is to be found in the character of the formations

into which the magmas have been intruded, and the local

violence of the force which has intruded them.

Attention has already been called to the contrast between the

form of intrusions characteristic of the three separate forma-

tions—Algonkian, Cambrian and Carboniferous—to the pre-

dominance of dikes in the slate areas, of sheets and laccolites

in the Cambrain, and to the comparative, lack of intrusions in

the limestone formation. The last named are very limited in

character, or else intruded in a formation below, and exposed

above the limestone area by the erosion of the uplifted cover-

ing. The lines of least resistance in the first instance have been

vertical, and the only type of intrusion has been dikes; in the

second they have been horizontal and sheets have resulted, and

when finally the Carboniferous has been reached, the massive

limestone has been so resistant a formation that it has prevented

the further passage of the igneous rock. Where the force

of intrusion has been more violent, however, and the mass of

intruded material great, there has not been the same opportu-

nity for lateral expansion and the mass has domed up the more

resisting beds, sometimes only slightly, forming a gently sloping

laccolite, sometimes to a much greater degree, so that the elas-

ticity of the overlying rock, which would-naturally be less than

BLACK HILES GEOLOGY. 2438

that of the thinly-bedded shales below, has been exceeded ; faults

have sometimes taken place, and the intruded mass has lifted up

large blocks of sediments and filled the space below them. Ero-

sion has then removed the coverings and left us the “plug-”

like and laccolitic masses. In the case of Ragged Top, the

plug-like aspect seems almost unquestionably due to the massive

character of the limestone. With the Needles this is also true.

In the case of Crow peak no faulting seems to have occurred,

but the intrusion is of the same general type. Sugar Loaf hill

is a true laccolite.

If we bear in mind the influence which the 600 or 800 feet of

massive Carboniferous strata have exercised on the rocks in-

truded below—first by virtue of their position over a thinly

bedded, fissile series of shales, such as the Cambrian, and second

by virtue of their massive character—we can more readily un-

derstand the unique nature of the intrusions that form the

outlying peaks of the Black Hills region. The absence of dikes

and small auxillary intrusions is thus accounted for, because

only those intrusions which have been very strong and locally

violent have been able to penetrate beyond this heavy formation.

Where erosion has removed this series the intrusives are ex-

posed in great abundance and probably exist in equal profusion

in the Cambrian shales far below the existing exposures of the

outlying peaks.

Causes INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF AN IGNEOUS INTRUSION.

From these observations we may classify the causes that have

influenced the form of the intrusions as follows:

4 Ist. Due to pressure exerted by overlying rocks.

[a. pees ete 2d. Due to chemical composition of the intruded

magma,

| B. Volume of magma intruded.

Internal + viscidity

C. Lithological character of rocks into which the mass has been in-

External truded.

D. Violence of force of intrusion.

It is to the first of these causes that Russel attributed the

peculiar ‘‘ plug’’-like form of the Black Hills intrusion, but to

the other causes he does not refer. That he would have mod-

244 IRVING.

ified his views very much had he been able to see the eruptive

region of Terry peak is unquestionable. It is further not to be

doubted that the fluidity of a magma has a great influence on

the amount of lateral expansion, but that seems to have been a

minor factor in all of the Black Hills intrusions.

Let us now briefly consider the other causes. It is at once

obvious that if the amount of fluid rock is large, other consid-

erations being equal, there will be a greater tendency to dome

the overlying beds than with a small mass, which may easily

spread out along horizontal strata. If we then consider the

violence with which the fluid is injected this will be the more evi-

dent. With a great force slowly applied, and acting through a

long period of time, opportunity for lateral expansion. will be

afforded even to a large amount of fluid and long, thin sheets

will result.

If, on the other hand, the force be violent and rapidly applied,

however fluid the magma may be, its amount will be greater

than can expand in the given time and a doming of strata or

even a rupture will result.

Most important of all, however, are the influences of the

rocks into which the magmas are intruded; and in the areas

which the writer has studied, this has been almost without ex-

ception the determining factor of the form assumed by the in-

trusion.

Bie PETROGRAPAYV (OR PER OL ME wiO) (KGS:

A. SUMMARY.

The crystalline rocks of the Black Hills were studied by Cas-

well and described by him in the report made by the Newton

Survey in 1874. Considering the very elementary condition of

petrographic knowledge at the time this work appeared, the de-

scriptions are extremely accurate, and show unusually pains-

taking labor. Since that time, however, studies of soda-rich

rocks in other localities have made possible a much more ac-

curate determination of phonolitic rocks than was then possible.

Caswell’s report and rock determinations made by Pirrson

BLACK HILES GEOLOGY. 245

besides those of Professor F. C. Smith have attracted the at-

tention of petrographers to this region and it has been sup-

posed that investigation would show the occurrence of rock

types of unusual interest. Such has proved to be the case.

The series of eruptive rocks is quite a varied one. The dif-

ferent types collected by the writer were all gathered from a

rather restricted area, but even so show many different varieties.

The following classification has been followed in the descrip-

tion of the eruptive rocks :

OF POST-CRETACEOUS AGE.

Grorudite family.

Quartz-egirite-porphyry.

Phonolite family.

Tinguaite.

Phonolite.

Trachytoid phonolite.

Rhyolite family.

Quartz-porphyry.

Andesite family.

Mica-diorite-porphyry.

Dacite family.

Dacite.

Diorite family.

Tonalite.

Lamprophyre fanuly.

Augite-Vogesite.

OF PRE-CAMBRIAN AGE.

Amphibolites.

Post-CRETACEOUS ERUPTIVES.

Grorudite family.

The grorudite family comprises a series of rocks of highly alka-

line character whose constituents are : orthoclase, quartz, egirine-

augite and zegirine. In some types albite, microcline and biotite

appear as accessories. In the types resembling most closely

the rock described by Broegger as grorudite, quartz is confined

246 IRVING.

to the ground-mass. In the other types quartz appears in large

and numerous phenocrysts, and as this constitutes a difference

between these types and any rock heretofore described the

name quartz-egirite-porphyry has been employed. These rocks

average about 72 %SiO,. Six types are described.

Phonolite family.

The phonolite family includes an extended and varied series

of rocks rich in soda and forming the more basic phase of the

quartz-zegirite-porphyries. They are composed of orthoclase

(and probably some anorthoclase) microcline, agirine-augite,

zgirine, nepheline, nosean, with accessory hauyne, biotite,

magnetite, titanite and melanite garnet. The accessory mine-

rals do not occur in the same specimen but appear separately

in single types.

The rocks of this family have been divided for convenience of

description into three groups. ‘The tinguaites are those in which

an unusually marked interlacing of zgirine needles is present in

the ground-mass. Nepheline as a rule can be detected in them

only by gelatinization and never occurs as phenocrysts. They

contain little or no egirine-augite and are prevailingly fine-

grained. The phonolites contain more or less abundant crystals

of nepheline easily identified by optical methods and are mostly

rich in nosean. The interlacing network of zgirine needles is

not pronounced. The trachytoid-phonolites show a great in-

crease in abundance of orthoclase, are comparatively coarse-

grained, show large crystals of zgirine-augite but little egirine.

Nepheline is present only in small quantities and is then in the

ground-mass as isolated interstitial masses. They indicate a

transition toward the trachytes.

Rhyolite family.

The quartz-porphyries of this division are a series of rocks

with very varying texture. A fine-grained ground-mass of

quartz and feldspar with phenocrysts of orthoclase, plagioclase

and quartz are characteristic. In one type quartz was confined

to the ground-mass. The dark silicates are usually too de-

composed for identification, but when recognizable are horn-

BLACK HILEs) GEOLOGY: 247

blende and biotite. The series varies in the amount of SiO,

present from 65 % to 76 % or 78 %. Five types are described.

Andesite family.

Under the andesite family have been placed the diorite por-

phyries of which there are quite extensive developments through-

out the district. They are rocks of a moderately dense tex-

ture and of quite basic character but markedly porphyritic and

of undoubted intrusive nature.

They exhibit a fine-grained groundmass of plagioclase feld-

spar, accessory quartz and much chlorite, phenocrysts of plagio-

clase, orthoclase, hornblende and in most cases biotite. The

hornblende is very generally altered to chlorite. Orthoclase in

instances becomes so abundant as to cause the rock to resem-

ble the syenite-porphyries. Analysis showed about 55 % SiO,

Dacite family.

The dacites exhibit a fine-grained groundmass of quartz and

orthoclase in which are embedded phenocrysts of plagioclase,

orthoclase and quartz. Auxiliary titanite, magnetite and biotite

are generally present. No analysis of the dacites were made,

but one type showed an extremely large amount of quartz.

Diorite family.

Tonalite.—Only one exposure of this rock was found and that

an extremely large dike in Deadwood Gulch. It is a gray rock

composed of hornblende, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and acces-

sory orthoclase and is of granitoid texture, showing a slight

tendency to automorphism in the component minerals.

Basalt family.

Augite-Vogesite—This rock occurs in small dikes west of

Spearfish canon and is composed of a fine automorphic aggre-~

gate of augite and feldspar with accessory hornblende and mag-

netite. It is the final and basic representative of the soda-rich

magma that constitutes the principal Black Hill’s eruptive series.

Pre-Camobrian cruptives.

Amplhibolites.—TYhese constitute a series of basic rocks in-

truded in the Algonkian series and metamorphosed with them.

248 IRVING.

They consist of meta-diabases and meta-gabbros whose chief

components are plagioclase feldspar, hornblende of the variety

uralite and accessory ilmenite, calcite, apatite and quartz.

Cores of large dikes show uralite masses with augite kernels,

furnishing a clue to the original character of the rock. Such

cores pass towards the periphery with increasing schistosity,

proceeding by insensible gradations into chlorite and hornblende

schist.

DETADEE Dy DES@RIRITONE

1. Quartz-egrite-porphyry.

This rock is of an exceedingly interesting character as it

corresponds exactly in some cases to rocks in Norway, de-

scribed by W. C. Broegger, as Grorudite. In their general ap-

pearance these rocks are massive and homogeneous. They

range in color from a light greenish gray to almost a white in

the more coarse grained and porphyritic varieties. The texture

varies from almost completely aphanitic, through porphyritic up

to one almost granitoid. In some varieties the quartz cannot

be observed in the field, but two very interesting occurrences

exhibit very large and numerous phenocrysts of quartz, which

have led previous observers to class them with the rhyolites.

The quartz-egirite-porphyries will be described under the

following types :

Lost Camp Creek type.

Elk Mountain type.

Terry Peak type.

Annie Creek type.

Sunset Mine type.

Bald Mountain type.

Ones COIN) te

Ta eost fae Greek nee

Fe a eenish gray and is very fine-grained. The phenocrysts

consist of orthoclase, in sparsely scattered crystals, and of very

small ezgirines which may be seen distributed through the rock,

BLACK HILES GEOLOGY. 249

forming here and there a noticeable dark speck or needle-like

crystal. The groundmass which constitutes almost the whole

body of the rock is a light grayish green, having a vitreous

lustre, the color being due to the zgerine needles, and the lustre

to the innumerable, fractured quartz grains.

The feldspar forms both phenocrysts and the smaller crystals of

the groundmass and is invariably automorphic. Most of the

crystals possess a kaolinized rim and none are twinned. The

cores of many of these feldspars consist of quartz. A<girine-

augite occurs in sparsely disseminated crystals throughout the

groundimass, and seems to have preceded both the quartz and

the feldspar in the order of crystallization. _A%girine is present

throughout the groundmass in fine acicular crystals exhibiting

the customary frayed extremities characteristic of the rocks of

the tinguaite series. The absorption is green to nearly colorless

and the extinction is invariably parallel. At times these fine

needles penetrate the quartz grains and the feldspar, but for the

most part they fill the interstices.

Quartz is confined to the groundmass of which it is the chief

constituent, the remainder being composed of small square

crystals of feldspar and small needles of egirine. The quartz

is very clear, little if at all fractured, and apparently is the latest

formed ingredient of the rock.

Microcline, albite, microperthite and hornblende are absent,

the last mineral being characteristically lacking in this and most

of the other post-Cretaceous intrusives from this region. The

‘rock differs from Broegger’s type grorudite in the absence of all

of the last named minerals, and but for the predominant zgi-

rine might better be classed with the soda rhyolites than the

erorudites.

A silica determination of the type gave SiO, 71.55.

2. Elk Mountain Type.

Megascopic Appearance.—This rock is much coarser-grained

than that from Lost Camp creek, and is markedly porphyritic.

The phenocrysts are numerous, and for the most part are sani-

dine. They are very much decomposed, and replaced by sec-

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII, November 23, 1899—16.

250 IRVING.

ondary minerals, the alteration having proceeded from within

outwards, filling the interior with a maze of highly polarizing

zeolites or interlocking crystals of secondary quartz. The bor-

ders of the crystals are, however, as a rule left intact, showing

merely a slight kaolinization. Where the phenocrysts are in a

perfectly fresh condition, many of them are seen to be microcline,

a core of which usually remains, even in the more decomposed

examples. The microclines show a marked contrast to the sani-

dines in that the decomposition seems to have proceeded from

without inwards. In some cases a kaolinized rim of sanidine en-

closes an intermediate zone of alteration products, within which

again may be seen a kernel of microcline (Fig. 12). The

Fic. 12. Phenocryst of reldspar irom quartz-eegirite-porphyry showing kernel of

microcline, rim of kaolinized feldspar and intermediate zone of alteration products.

larger feldspars show inclusions of perfectly bounded crys-

tals of zgirine-augite. In no instance, however, are the feld-

spars penetrated by the fine egirine needles of the groundmass.

The feldspars of the groundmass, when, undecomposed, are

with difficulty to be distinguished from the quartz, but where they

are of considerable size, or slightly kaolinized, they show an

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 251

invariable automorphism. They are penetrated by the egirine

needles of the groundmass, as also are the quartz grains.

Bisilicates are present in two distinct varieties which present

no essential difference from those in the phonolite family. A

more extended description of them will be found under the dis-

cussion of the latter rocks, but a brief description is inserted

here to render the account of the quartz-agirite-porphyries

complete. The two varieties are : g

/Egirine-augite in large automorphic crystals, and fine needles

of zgirine, which penetrate all individuals of the groundmass

indiscriminately. The egirine-augites are prevailingly perfect

in their crystal outline.

Cee Gn 7oe aor ande7.5o)

A very strong pleochroism is generally exhibited and is

greenish-brown, parallel toc. and deep bluish green parallel to a.

Colorless, non-pleochroic cores of augite are frequently

observed.

The egirines of the groundmass exhibit in their pleochroism

a much deeper green, and are invariably parallel in their extinc-

tion. They exhibit both shredded extremities, and crystal ter-

minations. At times they are seen in bundles grouped radially

around some earlier formed large crystals of agirine-augite, and

then seem usually to possess very perfect terminations. The

breadth sinks at times to a mere thread, so that the color of the

mineral can be distinguished only by the aid of the high power

objective.

The quartz is confined entirely to the groundmass and differs

in no respect from that in the rock described from Lost Camp

creek. This rock shows in most respects a very close resem-

blance to the grorudites described by Broegger. We have,

however, again to call attention to the entire absence of horn-

blende and albite.

Chemical Composition.—A partial analysis is given below.

No. I is quartz-zgirite-porphyry from Elk Mountain. No. II

is from Broegger, and is a grorudite from Kallerud.'

1Die Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebietes, p. 49.

52 IRVING.

i II.

SiO, NAGS Filed 3

Al,O, 15.01 12,2

IO eM AO 4.53

FeO not det. 1.14

CaO 2.06 O22

MgO trace none

Na,O not det. 6.51

K,O not det. 3:22

lal) not det.

Loss 0.002 0.33

MnO 0.78

TiO, 0.50

100.79

It will at once appear that in general the correspondence be-

tween the two is quite close except that the alumina and the

lime are much higher in the Elk mountain rock than that from

Norway.

Belen beak siype:

This rock has been described by Caswell in his report on the

Black Hills, but, except to call attention to the coarse granitic

appearance of the groundmass, he has not gone very far into

the description.

Megascopic Appearance.—TYhe rock is of a mottled appear-

ance anda grayish-green, almost white color, the greenish tinge

being due to the presence of large phenocrysts of zgirine which

frequently show a cross section of >, inch in diameter.

Microscopic Characters.—Under the microscope the rocks are

seen to consist of a mass of sanidine phenocrysts closely packed

together, embedded in a groundmass of quartz and orthoclase.

Through this are also scattered in greater numbers than in any

of the rocks of the type yet described phenocrysts of egirine-

augite. The latter are sometimes perfectly bounded, but in the

majority of cases show an irregular outline, due to the grouping

of the smaller zgirines about them, either in parallel orienta-

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 253

tion with the main mass or radially like the spicules of a radio-

larian.

The fine needle-like egirines seen in the groundmass of the

Lost Camp creek and Elk mountain types, are almost if not

completely absent. The feldspar phenocrysts are but little de-

composed, and then the alteration seems to be only a slight

kaolinization, although secondary quartz was observed in one

or two of the more decomposed specimens.

The feldspar of the groundmass is partly automorphic, and

partly contemporaneous with the quartz in the order of crystal-

lization. It can be easily distinguished from the quartz by its

cleavage and kaolinized appearance.. A few small automorphic

crystals of a very acid plagioclase are present.

The chief difference between this rock and that of the two

types previously described is the greater predominance of the

sanidine and zgirine-augite phenocrysts and the almost com-

plete absence of the network of minute ezgirine needles from

the groundmass, the smaller egirines being confined chiefly to

the hair-like enlargements of the larger crystals. Microcline

also is absent. The quartz shows no unusual characters. A

silica determination made by Caswell shows SiO, 71.13 per

cent.

Anpeninie Creck mye:

From the Terry peak type we can pass to that from the head

_ of Annie creek by a very slight gradation. The rock described

was taken from the conspicuous dike-like mass, northeast of

Foley peak. In the Terry peak type, as in all of the others

yet described, the quartz is wholly confined to the groundmass.

In this rock, however, we find large and quite numerous pheno-

crysts of quartz, which range from -; inch to as much as

3g inch, and in rare instances reach 1% inch in diameter. The

average is about 4 inch. They are but little rounded by ab-

sorption and exhibit the usual bi-pyramidal character. In

many instances a marked zonary banding may be observed,

even in the hand specimens. .

When examined under the microscope this banding is seen to

254 IRVING.

be caused by the parallel arrangement of a mass of feldspar in-

clusions, most of them orthoclase, but one or two of them

albite: (Fig. 13.)

Fic. 13. Zonally arranged inclusions in quartz phenocryst from quartz-zegirite-

porphyry ; Annie creek type.

5. Sunset Mine Type.

This rock is perhaps the most interesting of the series.

Megascopic Appearance—lIt is a porphyritic rock, dark

colored in the fresher specimens, and shows large phenocrysts

of orthoclase and quartz. The quartz crystals are large, often

3@ inch in diameter, and much rounded by resorption, and are

in many cases elongated; sometimes so much so, that the

length will be fifteen times the breadth. When drawn out in

this manner, the phenocrysts all lie with their longer axes in the

same direction.

Microscopic Characters —The feldspars are orthoclase, fre-

quently fractured and much resorbed. The cores of the crys-

tals are quite clear but the borders contain inclusions, and

seem to have been formed later than the main body of the crys-

tals.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 55

Zonary banding and twinning after the Carlsbad law are ex-

ceedingly common. Inclusions of albite occasionally occur in

square, almost automorphic crystals. How much of the sani-

dine may prove on closer study to be anorthoclase cannot be

said, although it is exceedingly probable that in a rock contain-'

ing soda pyroxene in such amount, there may be a considerable

quantity. Triclinic characters could not be determined in any

of the phenocrysts observed in the rock, and it remains for care-

ful chemical investigation to prove the development of this va-

riety of feldspar.

_ Phenocrysts of an exceedingly acid plagioclase are also pres-

ent in considerable quantity, but are very small as compared

with the larger sanidines, being only observable with the micro-

scope. The maximum angle, measured in sections perpendicu-

lar to albite lamella, varies from 4 degrees to 5 degrees. The

crystals are scattered here and there through the groundmass

and, from their inclusion in the later phenocrysts, they seem to

have been formed very early in the consolidation of the magma.

The groundmass of the rock is exceedingly fine grained. It

consists of a doubly refracting granular aggregate which is

penetrated in all directions by needles of egirine, the latter far ex-

ceeding the other individuals in size. How much of this ground-

mass is quartz and how much feldspar, it is impossible to say, but,

judging from the general analogy of the rock with that of

Terry peak, to which it seems quite closely related, it is probable

that much quatrz is present. The quartz-phenocrysts, which

constitute the most noticeable as well as the most unusual fea-

ture of the rock, are extremely large, varying from. #4, to—in.

rare instances— ¥% inch in diaméter. They are strongly con-

trasted with those of the Annie creek mass, in that they are

very much resorbed, for the groundmass frequently extends far

into them in bottle-shaped embayments. Fractures have often

allowed the groundmass to fill the interstices between the

broken portions. |

The bisilicates are present in two generations; the larger

automorphic crystals of zgirine-augite, and the finer shredded

needles of zgirine, which in the specimen from the shaft are

256 . IRVING,

present in great abundance. The former exhibit the usual au-

gite core, at times completely lacking in pleochroism, sur-

rounded by a border of a greener hue, until we have encircling

all, a rim of deep green pleochroic zgirine. This. outer border

often contains inclusions, and is the last formed portion of the

crystal. In the specimen from the sheet on the Burlington and

Missouri River R. R. above the mine the smaller needles of

zgirine are much more infrequent, and the larger phenocrysts

are well developed, some of them attaining the size of 1% inch

in diameter. The only other mineral noticed in this rock was

biotite, which is seen sometimes filling the cavities left by the de-

composition of the larger crystals of egirine to whose outline

it frequently conforms. It occurs chiefly in the rottener speci-

mens, and is probably an alteration product.

6. Bald Mountain Type.

A very peculiar variety of quartz-egirite-porphyry is that

exposed on the summit of Bald mountain. It is the most un-

usual rock that the writer has observed from the hills.

Megascopic Appearance.—In the hand specimens it has a

rather dense texture, anda light greenish white color. Sanidine

phenocrysts are sparsely scattered through it, but rarely attain

the diameter of 4% inch. Quartz phenocrysts appear at rare

intervals. The main body of the rock is a light greenish white

groundmass with rough trachytic appearance, and closely re-

sembles a tuff or sandstone.

Microscopic Characters—The microscope shows the following

minerals: Orthoclase, quartz, plagioclase and egirine.

The orthoclase phenocrysts show no unusual features, except

that they contain many inclusions of plagioclase and a few frag-

ments of earlier formed sanidine. The groundmass, however,

is extremely peculiar, as it is composed almost wholly of auto-

morphic quartz crystals of uniform size. These are square,

hexagonal, or triangular in sections and average .O12 mm. in

diameter. They give all tests characteristic of the mineral.

The centers of the crystals are usually free from inclusions, but

as the border is approached a maze of extremely minute zgirine

BLACK HILES- GEOLOGY. 257

needles piled up after the manner of a snake fence, are to be

observed, and follow with great faithfulness the crystal boundary

of the section, but leave between that and themselves a clear

rim free from inclusions. The interstices between the quartzes

are small but filled by a kaolinized material, which is interpen-

etrated by a confused maze of the same. minute needles of xgi-

rine. These can be best distinguished with the high power.

They are not shredded as are the larger varieties, but are ter-

minated. From their extreme minuteness, it is impossible to

observe any pleochroism or to determine their optical properties

other than to note the parallel extinction. The other constituent

of the rock is plagioclase. It occurs in crystals which gener-

ally show complete crystal boundaries, but are slightly decom-

posed at the borders. Measurements on twin lamellae showed

a maximum extinction angle of about 19 degrees, which places

the feldspar among the oligoclase andesines.

2. Phonolite Family.

Of all the rocks developed within the district studied, perhaps

none attain an extent and importance equal to that of the phono-

lites. The quartz porphyries are the nearest to them in abund-

ance and in the districts outside of the area mapped probably

show a greater development than has been here observed. The

relative abundance of the two rock types has not been ade-

quately represented on the map, for the quartz-porphyries occur

so frequently in small dikes, sheets and irregular masses that it

has been possible to indicate exposures hardly equal to one-half

of their actual number. The phonolites, on the other hand,

occur in large masses and dikes, which, although exceedingly

numerous, are almost invariably fresh and, being easily differen-

tiated from all other types of rock, may frequently be traced

for great distances. They intersect all the other eruptives with

which they come in contact. |

The phonolite family, as developed in the district mapped,

includes a series of rocks of so extremely varied a range in tex-

ture and appearance that it would be utterly out of the question

to attempt a separate description of each occurrence on the

258 IRVING,

basis of these differences. The miscroscope has shown that,

although of different appearance in the field, the mineralogical

composition is practically the same, as also is the chemical com-

position. Hence, with one broad and rather arbitrary division

separating the phonolites proper, and those of tinguaitic texture

from those of trachytoid facies, the mineralogical and chemical

characters of the different varieties will be described together,

allusion being made to the separate occurrences only where

some unusual feature seems to merit special mention,

Before attempting a description of these rocks, it would be

well to briefly define the terms used for the different species.

The phonolitic rocks have been grouped under the following

heads :

1. Tinguaite.

2. Phonolite proper.

3. Trachytoid phonolite.

Tinguaites.

Concerning the term tinguaite one cannot read the literature

of the phonolites without feeling that considerable confusion

has existed. Rosenbusch originally proposed the term for those

rocks that formed the dike type of the nepheline-syenite series.

The type rock was dense, greenish and non-porphyritic, and

consisted of an interlocking maze of egirine needles with san-

idine and some nepheline. — Phonolite was the extrusive repre-

sentative and consisted of a porphyritic rock with phenocrysts

of sanidine and accessory egirine in a groundmass of sanidine

and automorphic nepheline.

Broegger, however, has used tinguaite, not only as a textural

term, but to designate the basic members of his grorudite-tin-

guaite series. This usage is, therefore, partly chemical. There

is, then, a two-fold division of the rocks, one on geological and

the other on chemical characters.

In Broegger’s use of the term the word represents a fairly

definite group of rocks, and in that sense the more basic of the

Black Hills phonolites are tinguaites. As regards the other or

geological usage, the facts observed in the hills do not alto-

gether justify its employment.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 259

All of the rock types are here intrusive, and yet the tex-

ture in many cases differs in no essential degree from that

observed in Rosenbusch’s typical phonolites. Instances are,

the rock from Ragged Top mountain, that from the sheet

above Maurice, and the rock described by Caswell from Spear-

fish peak.

It is true that the texture known as tinguaitic occurs in almost

all of the smaller dikes and masses of phonolitic rocks, but

these are as frequently porphyritic as otherwise, the tinguaitic

texture being confined to the groundmass. Phenocrysts of very

large size often occur, some of them attaining the length of

one inch. Instances are the dike near the Rua mine and

the dike on the divide west of Twin Peaks and many others.

Again tinguaitic texture is not restricted to these smaller

masses. Instances are rocks which make sheets of extremely

large size. Such is the large mass northwest of the town of

Englewood.

The name tinguaite has, therefore, been arbitrarily used in this

paper to designate those rocks which possess a fine ground-

mass of interlocking needles of egirine, with sanidine and more

or less nepheline. Phenocrysts of sanidine and egirine-augite

may or may not be present.

Phonolites.

The phonolites proper are, as here described, those in which

nepheline occurs in automorphic crystals, which may be read-

ily distinguished by the microscope. They contain exgirine-

augite, egirine, orthoclase, nosean, and the accessories de-

scribed below.

They differ from the tinguaite, into which they pass by in-

perceptible gradations, in the possession of much automorphic

nepheline, and in not having so marked an interlocking series

of smaller egirines. On the other hand, they differ from the

trachytoid varieties in the absence of the trachytic arrangement

of feldspar in the groundmass, and in the possession of much

nepheline. The transition in this direction is also gradual.

260 IRVING.

Trachytoid Phonolites.

These have prevalent orthoclase and little or no nepheline

that can be identified without resort to gelatinization, and few of

the fine crystals of zgirine that characterize the tinguaites and

many of the phonolites proper. Much anorthoclase is probably

present. The phenocrysts are large and the groundmass coarser

than in the first two varieties. A trachytic flow structure of the

feldspar of the groundmass is often observable. The rocks de-

scribed from the Judith mountains by Weed and Pierson, as

egirite-syenite-porphyries are probably analogous to the coarser

members of this series.

All three of these divisions are chemically similar, as will ap-

pear from the analyses on a later page, and the division is made

more for convenience in petrographic description than for any

other reason. For ordinary purposes the name phonolite is

amply sufficient to cover the entire series.

Petrograplic Description of Phonohte Family.

Megascopic Appearances.—The rocks of the phonolite family

range in color from deep almost brilliant green to dark olive,

grayish-green, dark bluish-gray, dove colored, light gray and

almost white. The texture of the tinguaitic varieties is in some

cases almost aphanitic as is notably that of the brilliant green

variety from the hill to the southwest of Englewood. From

this it becomes more porphyritic with both sanidines and zgi-

rine minerals as phenocrysts. In relation to the groundmass the

phenocrysts vary greatly in size and abundance, being now

large and closely crowded, and again of small size and sparsely

scattered through the rock. The phonolite described by Cas-

well from Black Butte, of which a specimen was collected

and studied shows a dark brown color, with dark mottlings of

a deep blue-green, giving it a singular poikilitic appearance to-

tally different from that of any other phonolite in the region.

It has, moreover, in an unusually marked degree the greasy

lustre so frequently remarked in nepheline rocks, but which

is completely lacking in many, if not most, of the phonolites -

collected by the writer, and which disappears altogether as we

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 261

pass to the more trachytoid varieties. This peculiar lustre has

been supposed to arise from the presence of nepheline, but, while

the Black Butte phonolite in which it is most strongly marked

contains a remarkable amount of this mineral, many of the more

bluish varieties in which the microscope has shown great quan-

tities do not exhibit it in the smallest degree. The dense tingu-

aitic varieties, however, show it frequently, and from this it seems

probable that it arises from the presence of nepheline in the

groundmass rather than from the crystals which may be identi-

fied by the microscope. If this be so it will be of great service

in the determination of this mineral, for, unless observed in

automorphic crystals it'is practically impossible to establish its

presence without resort to the test of gelatinization:

As we pass from the tinguaites and phonolites, into the

phonolitic trachytes, we encounter a much lighter colored

series of rocks, most of them being of a coarse porphyritic

texture, and showing large crystals of sanidine of 1% inch and

more in diameter. The groundmass frequently becomes incon-

spicuous, as in the rock from Raum’s Drill and the “ Spook”’

shaft near Balmoral (the peripheral phase of the Ragged Top

mass) where the large phenocrysts are crowded so closely to-

gether as to comprise almost the whole body of the rock. The

groundmass is, however, present, and in it are embedded large

crystals of zgirine-augite, whose octagonal cross section is fre-

quently to be marked without the aid of a glass.

These pyroxenes attain a size of 1% inch in length, and vary

from that down to those just barely observable with the naked

eye. The very fine microscopic egirines that give the greenish

color to the groundmass in the tinguaites are only sparingly

present in the trachytoid varieties so that the groundmass of

these rocks is prevailingly of a grayish to almost whitish tinge.

Microscopic Characters —The microscope shows the following

series of minerals: orthoclase (anorthoclase) microcline, pyrox-

ene, nepheline, nosean, hatiyne, biotite, magnetite, titanite, garnet

(melanite variety) and a mineral formerly supposed to be leucite.

All of these minerals do not of course occur in the same

specimen, but are found in the different varieties that comprise

262 IRVING.

the series. Mention will be made under each mineral of the

varieties in which it is most common, and when it occurs only

in asingle typea description of that rock will be included under

the discussion of the mineral.

Orthoclase.—Al\though occasional crystals of albite occur

in the groundmass of the more basic members of the series,

the prevailing feldspar of these rocks is sanidine. Anortho-

clase, while probably present in considerable abundance has no-

where been identified with certainty. The orthoclase occurs in

large automorphic phenocrysts, and lath-shaped crystals, or

xenomorphic grains in the groundmass. The phenocrysts are

most frequently untwinned, showing the faces P, M, | and x,

more rarely y; other faces were not observed. The pheno-

crysts contrast very markedly in habitat with those of many of

the quartz-porphyries. The latter are prevailingly square in

cross-section, showing as a rule only P and I.

Zeolitic alteration is quite often observed, and natrolite seems

to be the most common product, although secondary quartz

occurs quite frequently. Inthe majority of tinguaites the pheno-

crysts are small, being elongated parallel to aso that their length

is often twice their breadth. They are scattered here and there,

and attain a size of 44 inch in length.

In two instances, however, they show a rather remarkably

large development, namely, in the dike east of the Rua mine

and in that northwest of the Twin peaks exposure. In the first-

named rock they are thickly scattered through a dense dark-

green groundmass and are oblong with a larger diameter often

exceeding one inch.

These feldspars are unusually fresh and generally twinned

after the Carlsbad Law. They are surrounded by a decom-

posed rim in many cases, but are never zonally built. In the

rock from beyond the Twin peaks they are prevailingly larger

and more elongated, especially near the contacts of the dike

with the wall rocks. Resorption has generally been so slight

as to leave the crystals quite sharp, but fracture has not infre-

quently occurred in such manner that the groundmass has been

permitted to penetrate between the broken portions of the

crystal.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 263

As we pass from the phonolites to the trachytoid phonolites

the groundmass becomes coarser and of a lighter hue.

The feldspar phenocrysts of the phonolites as a rule contain

many inclusions ; zgirine-augites, in short stumpy crystals, fine

needles of zgirine that seem to be among the earliest formed

ingredients of the rock, titanite and nosean. The egirine

needles are scattered through the feldspar sometimes in great

abundance, so that, when viewed between crossed nicols, the

darkened mineral is penetrated by a network of lighter lines

made by the differently oriented needles of egirine. This is

especially noticeable in the rock from Raum’s Drill. These

needles are more thickly developed near the border of the

crystal and frequently leave the cores quite clear. The in-

cluded noseans are often large and almost as frequent in the

feldspar as elsewhere in the groundmass.

‘The high percentage of soda in relation to potash in almost

all of these rocks together with the investigations of L. V.

Pirrson on rock from the Devil’s Tower, in which the pheno-

crysts were found to be soda-orthoclase, have led the writer to -

believe that much of the feldspar in these rocks is of the same

character. Many of the phenocrysts show a core of microcline

which gradually shades into a clear, unstriated border of san-

idine. Even the freshest sanidines show an exceedingly fine,

longitudinal striation, which may perhaps be due to a very fine,

almost sub-microscopic twinning arising from the triclinic char-

acter of the mineral.

The feldspars of the groundmass fall into two divisions :

those which are long, lath-shaped and almost automorphic,

and those which present an irregular jagged outline, and make

up a groundmass almost granitoid in appearance. The former

are characteristic chiefly of the trachytoid variety of phonolite.

The rocks from Squaw Creek and Sugar Loaf Hill are good

instances of this. The feldspars are sanidines, generally

twinned, and with typical structure ; sometimes entirely without

definite orientation, impinging one upon the other in slightly

irregular lines so as to form a hypidiomorphic texture. Quite

frequently one may observe, scattered among them, laths of an

264 IRVING.

acid plagioclase. The latter attains a maximum development

in the more trachytoid varieties.

Interstitial masses of what seems to be nepheline are present

in greater or less abundance, as also are recognizable crystals.

of this mineral, but they do not occur in as great abundance in

the trachytic, as in the more granular groundmass.

Penetrating these feldspars in every direction are minute

needles of zgirine which are present in great abundance in the

tinguaites, but show a decreasing development as we approach

_ the trachytes.

The other variety of feldspathic groundmass differs only in:

the degree of perfection of the constituent feldspars. It is best.

illustrated in the biotite phonolite from below Maurice (sepa-

rately described on page 269) in which the feldspars do not show

so strong a tendency toward automorphism as in many other

of the rocks. In the tinguaites both the trachytic and hypidio-

morphic types of groundmass occur.

Microcline.—Microcline is present sometimes as the core of

the sanidine crystals previously mentioned, and again as distinct

phenocrysts. The phonolite from the bottom of the Badger

Shaft shows beautiful phenocrysts of microcline.

Aigerine-augite.—Soda-pyroxene is to be considered typical

of these rocks, above any other mineral. It occurs in the most

basic phonolites in great abundance, is a persistent feature up

to the very most acidic types, and beyond these is still found in

the very acidic quartz-zgirite-porphyries.

The pyroxene occurs in three distinctly separable varieties.

First: Large automorphic crystals of egirine-augite ; Second -

Smaller elongated needles of egirine which have sometimes

shredded extremities and sometimes abrupt crystal terminations

and which are subsequent to the larger crystals in age of

formation. They often occur as outer rims in parallel or-

ientation with the latter. 7Zird: Extremely fine needles of

egirine, long and sharp, but so very small in cross section that

it is difficult to detect any pleochroism.

These have been briefly described under the quartz-zgirite-

porphyries, but the more complete description is inserted here.

BUACK HIEESTGEOLOGY: 265

Pyroxenes of the First Variety—The crystals of this group

are prevailingly idiomorphic, the only modification being made

by the addition of later deposited zgirines—crystals which are

attached to the large cores, sometimes in parallel orientation

and sometimes without definite arrangement.

The faces most commonly developed are » P(110) «Px

(100) and oP, (010). The tabular habit, ascribed to this

mineral by Rosenbusch! through the development of the face

co P & was often observed, but as frequently absent, for in sec-

tions perpendicular to the vertical axis the crystals are often

square, or when flattened only slightly so. The other faces ob-

seqved were of (©o1), and: (111). WMheface 7 (111))1s) rane;

and has been identified but once with certainty. Determination

of the axes of elasticity shows no variation from the usual type

as described under the quartz-zegrite-porphyries.

An irregular zonal structure is almost always present. The

cores of the crystals are slightly pleochroic or completely color-

less augite. The egirine molecule increases as we pass out-

ward, and the whole is often surrounded by a deep green,

highly pleochroic mantle of zegirine.

The different zones have decreasing extinction angles as

we proceed from the center outwards until, in the agirine

mantle, they are practically zero. The egirine and augite mole-

cule vary greatly in their relations to one another. In the rock

from the dike east of the Rua Mine the augite molecule is only

sparingly developed, the large automorphic crystals being deeply

colored and strongly pleochroic throughout, and possessing a

low angle of extinction. In the tinguaite from Englewood, we

have a green, quite strongly pleochroic egirine-augite, with a very

large extinction angle of 30 degrees, but only slight zonal de-

velopment. From this we pass to the most common types in

which zonal banding is more pronounced. Finally at the augite

extreme we have in a phonolite from False Bottom Creek

pyroxene crystals, which lack the egirine molecule altogether.

Others alongside of them are quite pleochroic, and still others, of

almost colorless augite, have not only been surrounded by a

1 Mikroskopische physiographie, Dritte Auflage, p. 538.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., XII, December 5, 1899—17.

266 IRVING.

thin mantle of egirine, but have been invaded by the latter

along lines of fracture.

The pleochroism varies with the amount of the egirine mole-

cule present. In the larger and more perfect crystals, as in the

fine tinguaite from Englewood, it is light pea-green parallel to

¢, also parallel to b ; yellowish green, parallel to a. Absorption

o— biG

Inclusions occur in great numbers in the zegirine-augites but

with the exception of biotite and titanite, which are almost in-

variably found in the centers of the crystals, they are confined

to the later-added border of egirine. The shredded crystals

rarely contain inclusions.

Pyroxene of the Second Variety—From this more conspic-

uous variety of zgirine we may pass to that of a later genera-

tion, by very gradual degrees. This is invariably parallel in

extinction and varies considerably in form. It has most often

shredded extremities, but in many cases terminations can be

seen. These are prevailingly oP (001). It is more strongly

developed in the tinguaites where it forms a reticulated, inter-

locked maze. As we pass toward the trachytoid varieties

of phonolite, as in the rock from Raum’s. Drill, these smaller

shredded zgirines give place to a much larger development of

zegirine-augite, which is sometimes arranged in a seeming flow-

structure around the phenocrysts. The smaller egirines pen-

etrate the groundmass in all directions, and are often included

in the feldspar, and are arranged without orientation of any

kind. When nepheline is present in automorphic crystals, it is

formed earlier than these egirines, for it occurs embedded in

them or extends far into them from the border. In the rock

described by Caswell from Black Butte, the egirine forms inter-

stitial masses like the augite in a diabase, the role of the feld-

spars being played by the nepheline. This is true also to a less

extent in the phonolite from the Badger Shaft, and in that from —

the railroad cut at Maurice.

The pleochroism of the egirine is very strong, and can be

best observed when the crystals are large. It is blue-green to

emerald green.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY: 267

The Third Variety of Pyroxene.—Vhe third division of zgirine

is exceedingly interesting, as it is present in almost every type

of the series from the rocks at the basic end to the exceedingly

siliceous quartz-zegirite-porphyries. It comprises those fine hair-

like needles that may properly be termed microlites. These

needles penetrate the feldspar phenocrysts, the quartz in the

quartz-egirite-porphyries, and the feldspar of the groundmass.

They are not, however, found as inclusions in the large zgirines,

in the nepheline or the nosean and titanites, nor do they ever

form parallel growths with the larger crystals. Hence it can be

inferred that their period of formation followed that of the iarger

egirines, and preceded the period of the feldspar phenocrysts.

Nepheline.—This mineral occurs as idiomorphic crystals in

the majority of the tinguaites. It reaches the highest degree of

development in the phonolites proper, and in the trachytoid va-

rieties occurs only as interstitial masses.

In the phonolite from Spearfish Peak (Black Butte) it has at-

tained a remarkable perfection. Sections show hexagonal

cross-sections, dark during the rotation of the stage and square

sections with parallel extinction and low single and double re-

fraction. An analysis of the rock will undoubtedly show a re-

markable amount of soda. The crystals show great numbers

of inclusions, most of them highly refractive, but too small for

determination. For this rock Caswell’ gives :

SiO,, 56.32 %; soluble in HCl with very strong gelatiniza-

tion, 24.08 %; which shows how large is the percentage of ne-

pheline. Again in the rock above Maurice the nephelines are

in great abundance. The rock is different from that from Black

Butte in its bluish color, its almost complete lack of greasy

lustre, and the presence of macroscopic sanidine phenocrysts.

Under the microscope also it shows the egirine in bundles and

shredded crystals instead of the irregular masses characteristic

of the Black Butte rock. Nosean is also abundant. The

nepheline, however, except that the crystals are smaller, bears

the same relations to the zgirines and feldspar of the rock.

The rock from the bottom of Badger Shaft exactly resem-

1 Rep. Geol. and Resources of the Black Hills of Dakota. U.S. G. G. Survey.

1880, p 526,

268 IRVING.

bles that from Maurice, except that the nephelines are larger, ~

and more abundant.

In the tinguaites automorphic nepheline occurs less abund-

antly, and frequently cannot be detected at all. The presence

of nepheline, however, seems to be proved by the gelatinization

of the pulverized rock, as also by the analysis.

In the trachytoid phonolites nepheline occurs only occasion-

ally in automorphic crystals, but gelatinization seems to indicate

that it occurs interstitially in the groundmass. A slide, when

treated with hydrochloric acid and stained with fuchsine, showed

irregular masses of gelatinized mineral, irregularly placed among

the feldspars.

Nosean.—This occurs in great abundance in the phonolites

proper and to a slightly lesser degree in the tinguaites. It

seems to accompany the nepheline to a large extent, being

present in the greatest abundance in those rocks containing the

most of that mineral. It occurs in large dusty hexagonal sec-

tions mostly showing a clear border. Sometimes several crys-

tals will be grouped together in parallel growth. It antedates

the feldspar phenocrysts in the age of its formation. It con-

tains inclusions of zgirine in great numbers, but always

small and irregular. They seem to have a slightly green tinge,

and are identical with a mass of little kernels of the same mineral

grouped against the sides of the crystal, and apparently ex-

cluded from it during the process of crystallization.

The nosean is always automorphic, and occurs as frequently

embedded in the phenocrysts of feldspar as in the groundmass..

It is often found partially included in the phenocrysts and

partially in the groundmass without. In the trachytoid phono-

lites, nosean is absent.

Flaiiyne.—This was found only in a single instance, and then

in very small although beautifully developed crystals. The

rock in which it occurs is an extremely fine grained variety of

phonolite, and was collected from a mass of irregular form, near

the mouth of one of the northeastwardly draining tributaries of

Squaw Creek. This Gulch is the second to the west of Lab-

rador Gulch.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 269

Liotite—TYhis mineral is present in the more trachytoid varie-

ties of phonolite as occasional dark flakes and may also be ob-

served in the tinguaites. One variety of trachytoid phonolite

deserves special mention. It occurs as a sill in the Cambrian

shales about half a mile below Maurice in Spearfish Cafion.

The rock is light gray, has a greasy lustre, and can be seen to

contain innumerable flakes of biotite. Some of them attain a

diameter of three-eighths of an inch. The microscope shows

the rock to consist of an almost granular aggregate of twinned

feldspars amongst which an occasional nepheline can be de-

tected. Through this mass are scattered shredded crystals of

zgirine, the usual larger crystals of egirine-augite and numer-

ous irregular crystals of biotite.

The biotite is in deep red-brown flakes, and is very pleochroic.

Around it is grouped ina thick felt-like mass, often equal in

diameter to one-half the width of biotite, a maze of xgirine

microlites. Mixed in with these are longer, shredded egirines,

and an occasional terminated crystal. Besides the biotite and

also surrounded by a coating of irregularly piled microlites are

masses and hexagonal cross-sections of an isotropic mineral. It

is filled with minute dusty inclusions of unknown character, and

with crystals of egirine, and is perforated through and through

by long needles of the same mineral. It is absolutely isotropic,

showing not the slightest indication of cross twinning and when

viewed between crossed nicols letting no light through, except

where doubly refracting inclusions are present. It is generally

hexagonal in outline, but occurs also in irregular blotches. It

is identicai with the isotropic mineral discussed under leucite.

Magnetite—Magnetite occurs but sparingly in the phonolite-

trachyte series. It is, however, seen in the phonolites from

Maurice and Ragged Top, in considerable quantities. In the

latter rock it occurs in irregular masses, with characteristic color

and lustre. |

Titanite.—Titanite occurs, as an almost invariable accessory

in nearly all of the rocks of this series. It is generally in long,

tabular, lath shaped crystals and exhibits the usual high relief

and cleavaze. It is often included in the egirine-augite, and

feldspar phenocrysts. The crystals are frequently twinned.

270 IRVING.

Garnet (Melanite).—In the phonolite from the summit of

Ragged Top Mountain, masses of this mingral can be observed.

It is dark brown, with irregular fracture and high relief, and

between crossed nicols shows faint double refraction. It is sur-

rounded by a dark mass consisting of interlocking crystals of

zgirine and egirine-augite mingled with magnetite grains and

an undetermined decomposition product.

Leucite (?).—In 1897 a series of rocks from the Black Hills

“was sent to Professor Kemp by Professor F. C. Smith, of the

Rapid City School of Mines, and determinations were made by

Mr. D. H. Newland in the laboratory of Columbia University.

Among these rocks were a set which were determined as leuci-

tophyres and leucite-phonolites, and were described as such by

Professor Smith in his paper on the ‘ Potsdam Gold Ores of

South Dakota.’ It was also on the basis of these determina-

tions that the statement was made by Professor Kemp, ina paper

on the leucite hills cf Wyoming, that leucite rocks were abun-

dant in the Black Hills. _ Since then further investigation seems

to show that this mineral may prove to be one of the sodalite

group, or at least that its determination as leucite is somewhat

questionable.

The most perfect instance of a rock of this kind is that oc-

curring in a thick sheet at the mouth of Anne Creek, where it

enters Spearfish Canon. A similar rock was found in a shaft

northwest of Carbonate. The other leucite rocks occur in a

mass on the divide to the south of Ragged Top, on Green

Mountain, and on the edge of the limestone bluff opposite Lit-

tle Spearfish Falls. In addition to these, the writer has found

a great many occurrences showing the same isotropic mineral

in greater or less abundance.

In microscopic appearance, the rocks containing this mineral

do not differ from those of the phonolite series, but show the

same variations from a dense texture and dark green color to

lighter gray and more coarse-grained rocks. The rock from

Annie Creek shows the typical dense texture and green color

of a tinguaite. The phenocrysts are small and inconspicuous,

1 Trans. Am. Inst. Mining Engineers, Vol. XX VII, p. 411, July, 1897.

BEACK HILLS ‘GEOLOGY: 271

and not present in great abundance. The specimens selected

for study were obtained from the freshest portion of the rock,

and showed little or no decomposition. Under the microscope

the rock is seen to be composed of a fine mesh of egirine need-

les, between which are hexagonal, slightly rounded and irregular

masses of an isotropic mineral, which, with subordinate rods

of orthoclase, makes up the body of the rock. The hexago-

nal form predominates, but occasional square sections are ob-

served. Octagonal sections were not observed. Sanidine phen-

ocrysts are sparingly distributed, and when seen are zonally

banded, and contain hexagons and squares of the same iso-

tropic mineral.

The isotropic mineral remains almost completely dark during

the rotation of the stage, no light penetrating it except when

doubly refracting inclusions are present.

Not the faintest trace of twin lamellation was observed by

means of the gypsum plate, even in the larger crystals. As a

rule, innumerable dusty inclusions can be observed, but these

may sink in prominence until the mineral is almost clear. The

inclusions are almost without exception zgirine. Slides were

treated with hydrochloric acid and then stained with fuchsine,

the result being a strong gelatinization which seems to be almost

wholly confined to the isotropic mineral.

A glance at the analysis No. XV when compared with those

of the other phonolites shows that there is no increase in the

proportion of soda as compared with the potash, although such

has been shown not to be essential to the formation of leucite.

Still, one would hardly expect so high a percentage of soda

where so little nepheline and so much leucite are present. Again

such marked gelatinization seems to bar out such an interpre-

tation, and the fact that the mineral occurs included in the

feldspar phenocrysts would seem sufficient to exclude the possi-

bility of analcite, which in rocks of this kind is a secondary

mineral. We are then forced to consider the sodalite group as

the only explanation.

Nosean occurs with such frequency in these rocks and is so

often without the prominent border, that in small crystals a con-

fusion with leucite might readily occur.

Qa IRVING.

In adescription of the rock from the Mato Tepee, Pirrson

mentions the occurrence of a mineral similar to that here de-

scribed. ‘‘There appear also small hexagonal sections of a

mineral which is full of dusty inclusions, and always isotropic.

At is supposed to be of the sodalite group, which is also indi-

cated by the chlorine shown in the analysis.” !

Without a complete chemical analysis of the separate occur-

rences and a much closer study of the material than it has been

possible to make in the preparation of this paper, the writer

would hesitate to pronounce this nosean, thus making a separate

division of noseanophryes. The rocks in which it occurs have

therefore been classed with the phonolites, which they resemble

in all other respects.

ANALYSES OF PHONOLITES.

ez Tr “f iW VA SE | VIE | te TS | ae

Si0,, 56.940! eee 59-230 ee 565 58. 580 58. 940 58. 980, 59. 250 56. 340] 58.65

Al, 0, 21.031 20.458) 21.098 | 18.142 | 17.190 18.111) 16. 032 19. a Pit O57 16.45

Fe, O, i | | | 1 .08

FeO 13.408} 4.060) 4.132| 7.324] 7.686] 6.308 8.265 5.076 4.205)

CaO 1.930, I.910! 0.640| 1.560] 0.880) 0.570) I.I10; 2.070] 3.340| 3.78

MgO 0.327; 0.616) 0.472} none | trace| trace | trace | 0.709| trace

K,O 4-657, 4.384 4.486] 5.278) 4.536) 6.872, 4.898 3961) 4.082) 4.16

Na,O 9-046 .7.640, 8.670| 8.492] 9.261] 7.564) 8.280) 7.391) 9.274) $8.92

H,O O08 0.570} 0.100] 0.120] 0.090} 0.090; 0.510] —o. 700) 0.070 0.29

Loss. 2.150 4.220) I: 180 | 1.010 1.650) 1.360) 2: ZOO) 2.120) 0. geo 2.78

Vote, 199: 879 99: 478 100. 30.008 I0O. 486 9. 773 oe: 815] 1 100. 145] I00. 9.028 ‘99. 977) 99.11

Bo EXOT in|") MeCN RZ xv AIT XVI | XVI XIX BG

SiO, 61.08 55.60 55 940 57. 880 56.570 58. ogo Bh oeo 57.210 57-450 58.590

Al,O 18.71, 19.705 20.905] 20.461 20.736 21.288 20.395 18.673) 20.376 20.766

ISO) I.9I

FeO 0.63, 5.494 4.495) 3.770 5.656 4.061, 4423 3.408 3630) 4.350

CaO 1.58 1.690, 1.730! 0.760 1.050) 0.810, 1.560 3.070 1.840) 1.460

MgO 0.08 0.861; 0.421} 0.281| 0.234) trace trace} I.099 trace! 0.464

K,O 4.63, 4.881) 5.441). 5.112) 4.487) 3.794) 6.261) 4.916) 6.186) 4.803

Na,O 8.68, 8604 8.866 8.738) 9.358 9.345) 6.234) 6.622; 7.412! 8.170

H,O 0.340 0.310, 0.170 I.IIO 0.200 0.500 I.010, 0.360) 0.090

Loss 2-212! 2. 890 2.430 2.550 1.490 2. 260 2. 700) 3 610) 2. 2.760, 0.920

Total 10o. 065, 100. 90.538} 99: 722 99. 691 99. 848) 100. 1.453, 9. 618) 100. 0.014 99. 613

1L, V. Pirrson, dm. Journal of Science, May, 1894, Vol. XL, VII, page 344.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY, 273

Chemical Composition of the Phonolites.

In their chemical composition the phonolites vary only within

narrow limits.

On page 272 will be founda series of analyses.

Phonolites.

f. Phonolite from the summit of Ragged Top Mountain.

Contains nepheline, orthoclase, egirine, magnetite and melanite

garnet. This rock is a typical phonolite. Analysis by Pro-

fessor F. C. Smith, Deadwood, South Dakota.

Tinguaites.

IT, Yinguaite from dike on Ulster claim of A. J. Smith, near

Preston, South Dakota. Analysis by Professor Flintermann,

Deadwood, South Dakota.

ITT, Tinguaite-—Dike in Squaw Creek, below Gushurst mine.

Typical tinguaitic texture. Analysis by Professor Flintermann,

Deadwood, South Dakota.

Trachytoid Phonolites.

With Tinguaitic Aspect.

TV. From the sheet at the junction of Annie and Rose Spring

creeks. Analysis by Professor Flintermann, Deadwood, South

Dakota.

V. Rather fine-grained variety from sheet in Annie Creek,

near loop of Burlington and Missouri River Railroad. Analysis

by Professor Flintermann, Deadwood, South Dakota.

V7. Trachytoid phonolite from Annie Creek near Loop on

~ the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad. Analysis by Pro-

fessor Flintermann, of Deadwood, South Dakota.

V/T. From same locality as No. V//. Professor Flintermann,

analyst.

V//7. Sheet near last. Analysis by Professor Flintermann,

274 IRVING.

Trachytoid Phonolite.

‘1X, Large sheet in Squaw Creek. Specimens taken from

the dike-like portion forming the ‘‘ Gateway.” Analysis by Pro-

fessor Flintermann, of Deadwood, South Dakota.

XX. Very coarse trachytoid phonolite from ‘ Raum’s Drill,”

in the bed of Calamity Gulch. Analysis by J. D. Irving.

Af, Rock from the Mato Tepee or Devil's Tower eve

Pirrson, American Journal of Science, Vol. XL, VII, p. 344.

XTT. Rock from Annie Creek, cut on the Burlington and

Missouri River Railroad. Analysis by Professor Flintermann,

of Deadwood, South Dakota.

X//I, Rock from lower cut on the Burlington and Missouri

River Railroad, near mouth of Annie Creek. Analysis by Pro-

fessor Flintermann, of Deadwood, South Dakota.

X/V. Rock from irregular mass in the limestone to the

South of Calamity Gulch, and west of Elk Mountain. Analy-

sis by Professor Flintermann, of Deadwood, South Dakota.

_ XV. Rock from thick sheet in the mouth of Annie Creek.

This rock has the typical] texture of a tinguaite, and contains

some nepheline with much nosean and sanidine. There is also

in very great abundance of the isotropic mineral at first supposed

to be leucite. Analysis by Professor Flintermann, of Dead-

wood, South Dakota.

XV7. Rock from the summit of Green Mountain. . This is

a phonolite o trachytcid character, but possesses the typical

tinguaitic groundmass. In addition to this there is present

much of the same isotropic mineral referred to above.

XV//, Loose fragments from Annie Creek. Determined

as leucitophyre by Mr. D. H. Newland. Analysis by Profes-

sor Flintermann, of Deadwood, South Dakota.

XVIII." Phonolite dike from Whitetail crossing in White-

tail Gulch. Analysis by Professor Flintermanin, of Deadwood,

South Dakota.

XIX! Rock from sheet in Whitetail Gu ch below Sugar

Loaf Hill. Analysis by Professor Flintermann, of Deadwood,

South Dakota.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 275

XX. ' Phonolite from the East Slope of Bald Mountain. The

exposure from which this was taken is probably a dike. An-

alysis by Professor Flintermann, of Deadwood, South Dakota.

If we run over these arv'yses, it will at once appear that the

phonolites are of a rema. ably uniform composition.

The Rock from Ragged Top Mountain, which is a typical

phonolite with much nepheline, shows little i any difference,

from the more trachytoid varieties, in which very little 0 that

mineral is present. The inference is that since the ratio of soda

to potash remains unaltered, much of the ormer has contrib-

uted to the formation of anorthoclase feldspar. That this is true

in the case of the rock from the Mato Tepee has been shown by

L. V. Pirrson.”

The rocks showing tinguaitic texture do not differ in chem-

ical composition from the rest of the phonolites.

The rocks in which leucite is supposed to occur show little

if any difference from the rest of the ser... In one instance,

however, No. XV//, the amount 0 potash rises to six per cen .

and the soda _ s proportionately diminished. This rock has

more the appearance of a leucite rock than any of the others.

The complete investigation of these supposed leucite rocks is

reserved for a f paper.

3. Rhyolite Family.

The rocks belonging to this family show a considerable vari-

ation in texture and appearance, but are easily separated from

the phonolites. They are usually very much more decomposed

than the latter, and seldom show dark silicates in an undecom-

posed condition. They are very extensively developed, and

nearly equal the phonolites in the extent of the area they cover.

They will be described under the following types :

1. Portland Type.

2. War Eagle Hill Type.

1Rocks Nos. XV///, X7X and XX were not examined by the writer but de-

termined by Mr. D. H. Newland in the laboratory of Columbia University.

2 American Journal of Science, May, 1894, p. 344.

276 IRVING.

3. Foley Peak Type.

4. Nevada Gulch Type.

5. Whitetail Gulch Type.

Portland Type.

At the head of Squaw Creek, near the old Portland mill,

occurs a very thick sheet of quartz-porphyry.

Megascopic Character.—It is a reddish brown rock, much de-

composed, and only in rare instances shows macroscopic crys-

tals of quartz. The groundmass is brown in color and exceed-

ingly dense, containing occasional flakes of biotite. The

feldspars are of uniform size, averaging about a fourth inch in

diameter, and are so much resorbed that they often show a

somewhat lenticular aspect, which has given rise to the local

name of “ Bird’s Eye”’ porphyry.

Microscopic Characters—Under the microscope the rock is

seen to consist of phenocrysts of sanidine and plagioclase em-

bedded in a groundmass of very fine xenomorphic grains of

quartz and orthoclase.

The sanidines are somewhat resorbed and are prevailingly

twinned after the Carlsbad Law. ‘They far exceed the plagio-

clase crystals, both in size and number, but the latter attain a

somewhat unusual development for a typical rhyolite. Pheno-

crysts of microcline are also of frequent occurrence. Biotite

is scattered through the groundmass in quite conspicuous

masses. The rock is one of the typical quartz porphyries, but

is usually taken for trachyte, as the quartz is not apparent to

the eye. It differs from the other quartz porphyries in the ab-

sence of microscopic quartz, and the rounded character of the

phenocrysts.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. QT

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.

Ih, Wilf,

SiO), Woy74s O77

IN ROR I NOO7, AS,

etON 2:47 ie

FeO~ Not det. 1.59

C2© ake 7 0.51

Mia@ retrace 0.49

K,O Not det. 4.56

Na,O Not det. 6.20

H,O 0.65 0.73

Loss 0.10 1.47

100.89

I. Quartz-porphyry known as ‘“ Bird’s Eye porphyry ” from

sheet along the Burlington and Missouri Railroad on Crown

Hill. Analysis by J. D. Irving.

II. Quartz-porphyry from large dike in the Ulster Mine,

near Preston, South Dakota. This rock forms the wall of the

ore deposits and is cut by a phonolite dike. The ore is asso-

ciated with the phonolite, and is stained with purple fluorite.

Analysis by Professor Flintermann, of Deadwood, South Da-

kota.

In both of these rocks lime is very low, considering the very

considerable amount of plagioclase that is present. The per-

centage of soda is, however, so high that we would infer that

the plagioclase is quite probably an albite, which is also shown

by measurements on albite lamelle.

War Eagle Hill Type.

Further down the valley of Squaw Creek, and forming the

main mass of War Eagle Hill, occurs an exceedingly dense,

dark quartz porphyry, which apparently intersects the lighter

variety.

Megascopic Appearance.—This rock has a grayish color, and

shows frequent phenocrysts of orthoclase. These are embedded

278 IRVING.

in a dense bluish groundmass, in which smaller feldspars may

be easily distinguished. Macroscopic quartz is frequently pres-

ent. The rock has maay inclusions of all descriptions, the com-

monest being slate fragments, and the most interesting, masses

of a coarse-grained binary granite.

Microscopic Characters—The microscope shows the rock to

consist of a groundmass of quartz and feldspar. In this are

embedded innumerable sanidine phenocrysts of varying size and

form. Most of them are but little resorbed, and the larger

number are square in outline showing only Pand/ A marked

zonary banding is generally present.

A considerable number of the feldspar phenocrysts are mi-

crocline and an acid plagioclase, which is probably albite. In

many cases the albite occurs included in the sanidine pheno-

crysts. Much pyrite is present, and is sometimes seen lining

the edges of myarolitic cavities, in which are confined sulphur-

ous gases, so that the rock when broken exhales an extremely

offensive odor. .

Foley Peak Type..

Upon Foley Peak occurs a quartz-porphyry, which shows

a much coarser groundmass than that occurring on War

Eagle Hill. It is composed 0 a xenomorphic aggregate of

quartz and orthoclase in quite large masses. In this are phe-

nocrysts of quartz and plagioclase, the former being the most

abundant.

In certain portions of the mass this rock shows large and

quite numerous phenocrysts of quartz in addition to that pres-

ent in the groundmass. Otherwise it differs little from the War

Eagle Hill type except in the coarseness of the groundmass. |

Nevada Gulch Type.

This type of quartz-porphyry occurs in a dike along the road

just below the junction of Nevada and Fantail Gulches.

Megascopic Appearance.—The rock is of a light gray, porphy-

ritic character. The groundmass is dark gray, and very fine

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 279

grained, but is so thickly crowded with small phenocrysts of

feldspar that it will not be at first noticed. Quartz phenocrysts

also occur in abundance, and sometimes attain a size of one-

half of an inch in diameter, although most of them are smaller.

Besides these phenocrysts of quartz and feldspar, which range

about one-eighth inch in diameter, extremely large crystals of

sanidine of an older generation occur in such an abundance as

to give the rock almost the appearance of a granite-porphyry.

The latter crystals range from three-eighths of an inch to one

and one-half inches in length. They are invariably idiomorphic,

are always undecomposed and never show corroded boundaries.

Scattered through the groundmass are minute flakes of biotite.

Microscopic Characters —"Examined microscopically, the rock

shows an exceedingly fine-grained, granular groundmass, made

up of quartz and feldspar, in which are embedded decomposed

plates of biotite, quartz phenocrysts and alkali feldspar of two

generations. The biotite is much decomposed. The quartz is

in automorphic crystals, and much corroded, and contains num-

bers of inclusions. The most abundant of these are little bub-

bles of gas, and irregular patches of a mineral, with a very high

index of refraction, but whose nature was not determined. The

smaller feldspars are present in great numbers, and are almost

invariably decomposed. Many of them are an acid plagioclase,

probably albite.

The larger phenocrysts are sanidine, very fresh and most fre-

quently in Carlsbad twins. They contain great numbers of in-

clusions, which can be seen in roughly zonal arrangement,

even in the handspec men. Most important of these are quartz

and feldspar. The inclusions of quartz are often so large as to

be in the nature of true phenocrysts, when considered in relation

to the body of the rock. The feldspar inclusions are both or-

thoclase and albite.

Whitetail Gulch Type.

Still another type of quartz-porphyry occurs on the Black

Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad, in Whitetail Gulch, a little north

of the mouth of Fantail and Nevada Gulches.

280 IRVING,

Megascopic Appearance.—It is of a dark bluish gray color,

grading to whitish gray in the more coarsely grained portions.

It occurs also in other localities in considerable abundance.

Microscopic Characters.—Vhe microscope shows the following

minerals: orthoclase, plagioclase, quartz, biotite, chlorite and

magnetite.

The groundmass is extremely fine, as in the last rock de-

scribed, but is markedly granular in texture. In it are em-

bedded in about equal numbers, phenocrysts of sanidine and

plagioclase both of which are in an advanced stage of decay.

The biotite is in quite noticeable and thickly disseminated flakes,

and generally shows a twisted appearance as if disturbed by the

flow of the rock. Chlorite and magnetite are also present, the

former as a decomposition product of biotite, and the latter in

irregular grains.

The quartz contains inclusions of zircon, and is in the usual

resorbed crystals. It also shows an extraordinary amount of.

fracture, which has evidently been caused by the flow of magma.

The fractured portions of the phenocrysts are scattered all

through the groundmass, and are of all sizes, giving the rock at.

first sight the appearance of a breccia.

The broken edges are generally extremely sharp and angu-

lar and only occasionally show a contour rounded by corrosion.

From the condition of the quartz it is to be inferred :

1. That the crystallization of the quartz phenocrysts took

place before the forces which produced the upward flow were

ages

. That the quartz crystals were broken by the flow of the

magma during its intrusion.

Other than the broken quartz crystals, this rock shows marked

evidences of flow. They can best be observed in the field.

The rock consists of two portions, a granular, white and

rather coarse-grained rock of porphyritic texture, and a much

darker, at times completely aphantic, material arranged in flow

lines or schlieren. The two are mingled together in just

such eddies and swirls as are seen in a pot of paint where

two colors are mixed together. At one point a large mass of

BLACK Hiltks GEOLOGY. 281

amphibolite is included and around it the flow lines make a

series of fantastic curves and eddies, following the contour of

the included fragment. The separate layers are of all thick-

nesses, but are so sharply marked off from one another that

they may be readily followed. Many of them thin out into

mere hairlike tongues, which may still, however, be distinguished

from the adjacent layers by their sharply contrasted color.

Under the microscope these different layers show simply a differ-

ence in the texture of the groundmass, and in the abundance of

phenocrysts, the latter occurring at much rarer intervals in the

darker and more fine-grained streaks. A photograph showing

these flow lines may be seen in Plate XVI.

4, Andesite Family.

Mica-Diorite-Poryhyry.

This rock occurs in quite large development throughout the

region of Squaw Creek, and in the Ruby Basin. In the head

of that creek, in the upper shaft of the Rua Mine is a sheet,

and the same rock forms the large Redpath laccolite. It oc-

curs also in irregular masses in Squaw Creek and its tributaries,

and forms a sheet of considerable size at the mouth of that

creek. There is further a large development in the vicinity of

Carbonate Camp.

The analyzed specimen is from the Rua Mine, and when

seen in hand specimens, it presents a very much darker and

more basic appearance than any of the rocks so far described.

Megascopic Appearance.—It has a dense bluish black ground-

mass, in which are thickly disseminated small scales of biotite.

and when in the fresh condition large prisms of hornblende,

giving to the rock a very basic aspect. In the rock from the

flat northwest of Twin Peaks the hornblendes are present in

great development, but in the other occurrences are generally

decomposed and show only chloritic pseudomorphs. The feld-

spar phenocrysts are not in very great abundance and often

show an almond-shaped cross-section, rarely attaining a greater

length than one-fourthinch. Whenthe rock is much altered the

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., XII, December 5, 1899—18.

282 IRVING.

biotite seems to have been one of the most resistant minerals, and

remains protruding in glittering flakes, which gives to the

weathered specimens a very basic appearance.

Microscopic Characters.—Vhe microscope shows the follow-

ing minerals: plagioclase, orthoclase, biotite and hornblende

or chlorite, as phenocrysts; plagioclase, magnetite, chlorite,

calcite and quartz in the groundmass. The plagioclase pheno-

crysts show the usual polysynthetic twinning. They are gen-

erally fairly fresh in the central portions, but are somewhat

decomposed along their borders. Measurements made in sec-

tions on the zone perpendicular to 47 showed maximum extinc-

tion angles of 23 degrees. This would place the feldspar among

the oligoclase-andesines.

The orthoclase phenocrysts vary in abundance, but are al-

ways subordinate to the plagioclase.

In the rock from the gulch west of Labrador, orthoclase is

entirely absent, both as phenocrysts and inthe groundmass. In

that from the Rua Mine it appears as occasional phenocrysts,

and from the Redpath Creek laccolite it equals the plagioclase in

amount. The biotite is in hexagonal and rectangular flakes and

usually quite fresh. It has a strong pleochroism, opaque

brown, parallel to the cleavage, and greenish brown at right

angles to it. The absorption is much stronger in the larger and

fresher masses. In those which show a slightly decomposed

border it is colorless parallel to the cleavage, and light yellow

at right angles to it.

The hornblende was observed in a fresh condition in only one

specimen, that from the flat northwest of Twin Peaks. Here

it occurs in large crystals with blunt terminations, showing

cross sections 1 x 3g inches in maximum development. The

crystals are short and thick set, never acicular, and show the

usual cleavage characteristic of the mineral. They have the

faces ~ P & (O10), © P (110) in strong development, and are

terminated by the usual P& (011). No other faces were observed

Maximum extinction angles range about 12° to 15°.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 283

The pleochroism is :

Deep olive green ||c.

Faint yellowish green || to c.

« a ae ||to; b:

Absorption c>b>a.

The chlorite, which occurs as large masses, has resulted

from the decomposition of the hornblende, being prevailingly

pseudomorphic after that mineral.

The groundmass is composed of irregularly bounded, lath-

shaped masses of striated feldspar, some undoubted orthoclase,

and an abundance of magnetite in grains and irregular masses.

Chlorite, calcite and secondary quartz are present as alteration

products. The following is a partial analysis of the rock from

the Rua mine :

SG), 55.26

Al,O, 17.67

He. Os 5-39

CaO 5.26

MgO 2o2i

K,O not det.

Na,O not det.

loss 4.53

H,0 45

Two other occurrences of the rock are worthy of note. One

is in the town of Terry in a thick sheet of considerable develop-

ment, which is also exposed on both sides of Fantail Gulch

along the railroad. The rock is here much finer grained than

that described, and is almost granular. The crystals of horn-

blende are much more widely disseminated through the rock,

although somewhat smaller, and in all cases altered to chlorite.

Biotite is less abundant. Garnet sometimes occurs; otherwise

the rock shows no difference from the usual type.

The other occurrence of diorite-porphyry is very important.

It is on the west of Spearfish Creek in the up-lift known as the

Needles (see p. 224). It is a highly porphyritic rock, with

even-tinted liglt-gray groundmass, in which are embedded white

phenocrysts of feldspar and abundant glittering blades of horn-

284 IRVING.

blende. No biotite is present, and the rock is of a very much

less basic type than the others described. The microscope

shows a fine-grained ground mass of irregular masses of pla-

gioclase, amongst which a few rectangular crystals of or-

thoclase occasionally appear, and through which grains of

magnetite are thickly scattered. The phenocrysts are plagio-

clase and sanidine in almost equal development, and horn-

blende, which is always in automorphic crystals. The plagio-

clase and hornblende show no unusual features and the chief

point of interest about the rock is that its affinities to the ande-

sites and trachytes are about equally divided.

5. Dacite Family.

Of this family two types are described: 1st. Crow Peak

Type. 2d. Deadwood Gulch Type.

Crow Peak Type.

The first rock determined by the writer under this name, was

taken from the summit of Crow Peak. It was described by

Caswell! as rhyolite as follows:

“The rock (141 and 142) from Crow Peak is a rhyolite, con-

taining plagioclase, and is much more crystalline than the pre-

ceding, having microscopical sanidine crystals plainly embedded

in a groundmass. They are white and very transparent. There

are also some black crystals of hornblende and empty cavities,

which were formerly filled with the mineral. In the section,

the microscope shows the rock to consist of large, clear crystals

of sanidine and plagioclase in a crystalline groundmass, also

containing broken biotite crystals and some quartz in grains and

crystals.”

In the section examined by the writer all of these minerals

were observed, but a few additional important features need to

be emphasized. The phenocrysts, with the exception of one or

two crystals, are all plagioclase, and the few sanidines present

are smaller than the plagioclases. Plagioclase was not observed

1 Report of the Geol. and Resources of the Black Hills. U.S. G. G. Survey,

p- 500.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY, 285

as a core, although apparent crystals of sanidine were observed

with fragments of striated feldspar attached to them in different

orientation. It is probable that many of the sanidines de-

scribed by Caswell were merely plagioclase, cut parallel to the

twinning lamella. Measurement of extinction angles on sec-

tions cut perpendicular to albite lamelle give a maximum angle

of 18 degrees, which places the feldspar among the oligoclase

andesines.

The groundmass is composed of great numbers of automor-

phic sanidines of considerable size. They are prevailingly

square in section and are accompanied by other interstitial

masses, not so perfectly developed. Quartz has only attained

a slight development, although quite a few grains of this min-

eral seem to be present, giving higher colors than the gray feld-

spar. None of them are large enough to give an axial cross.

The silica determination published by Caswell, 67.36 per cent.,

places the rock at the upper limits of andesites series and makes

the presence of considerable quartz probable.

Quite a prominent accessory of the rock is titanite, which

forms crystals of considerable size.

Deadwood Gulch Type.

From the Crow Peak rock we may easily pass to another

rock which differs but little from it in general appearance, but is

very much more acidic. This rock occurs in a very large dike

on the loop of the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Rail-

road. Macroscopically, it isa very light, whitish gray, porphy-

ritic rock, with numerous irregularly bounded, and often very

large phenocrysts of quartz.

The feldspars are prevailingly small, rarely attaining the

diameter of a fourth inch. Most of them are from four to five

millimeters in breath. The groundmass has a dense light gray

appearance, and is sharply contrasted with all the rocks yet de-

scribed in containing few if any ferruginous minerals.

Under the microscope the rock is seen to be made up of a

very fine-grained granular groundmass, which is probably feld-

286 IRVING,

spathic. In this are embedded phenocrysts, of plagioclase and

quartz, with occasional sanidines. The groundmass contains

scattered grains of magnetite.

The plagioclases show an extinction angle on albite lamellze

of 18 to 20 degrees, which show them to be of quite a basic

type. They are sometimes seen in parallel growth with san-

idine. In the only large

sanidine crystal seen in the

slide, a complete crystal of

plagioclase was included.

(Fig. 14)))

The quartz is in extremely

large crystals, and abounds _

in inclusions. It is resorbed

to a remarkable degree, the

groundmass encroaching on

it in unusually deep bottle-

shaped emdbayments.

It is very much fractured,

and frequently in long crys-

tals that have a far greater

length than breadth.

6. Diorite Family.

Plagioclase included in sanidine from

quartz-zegerite-porphyry from sheet on Bur- Tonalite ( Quartz - mica -

lington and Missouri River Railroad, near 1 ee Thi

away Sevan hornblende - diorite ). —This

rock is exposed in the cut

of the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad in

Deadwood Gulch, some little distance west of Go-to-Hell

Gulch, and is in an exceedingly thick dike in the Algonkian

formation.

Megascopic Characters —The rock is gray, granular-looking

and of an even texture, the constituent minerals being of such

size as to be easily recognized without the aid of the microscope.

Basic segregrations and angular inclusions of a basic character

are very numerous.

Microscopic Characters —Under the microscope we may rec-

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 287

ognize the following minerals: plagioclase, quartz, orthoclase,

_ biotite and hornblende. These are arranged in granular tex-

ture, being largely without crystal boundaries. There is, how-

ever, a slight tendency toward an automorphic development in

the feldspar, such as would be anticipated in a rock of this

character. That we have here a rock of so nearly granitoid

texture is undoubtedly due to the very large size of the intruded

mass.

The plagioclase slightly outranks the orthoclase in abundance.

Maximum extinction angles measured on albite lamellz did not

give very satisfactory results, but the mineral seems to be of

quite an acid type. The other minerals present no unusual

features.

7. Lamprophyre Family.

Augite-Vogesite.

This rock was found cutting the diorite-porphyry of the

needles uplift in Bear Gulch on the west of Spearfish Creek.

Megascopic Characters.—It is a dense, black rock, carrying

no noticeable phenocrysts, and of extremely fine grain.

Microscopic Characters.—The microscope reveals the presence

of the following minerals: augite, hornblende, magnetite and

feldspar. The augite constitutes the main body of the rock, and

is always in automorphic crystals. These are small and usually

free from inclusions, but exhibit the characteristic cross-section,

and cleavage of the mineral.

Hornblende is present in long needles, but compared to the

augite, is sparingly developed.

Between the crystals of augite and hornblende, occurs a small

amount of glassy groundmass, in which from time to time,

singly twinned feldspar may be observed. The feldspar is prob-

ably orthoclase. From these facts, and from the almost perfect

panidiomorphic texture of the rock, it has been classed with

the vogesites. It exactly parallels the camptonites which are so

often associated with elzolite syenite magmas, except that the

component mineral is augite, instead of the usual brown basal-

tic hornblende.

288 IRVING.

It is to be regarded as the final and most basic segregation of

the highly alkaline magma, whlch has produced the phonolite

series.

8. Amphibolites.

Under this head are classed together a large and varied group

of rocks whose chief constituent is a secondary hornblende, or

uralite. This can in some cases be traced back to an original

pyroxene, but at times the alteration has been complete, and we

have no means of determining the origin of the mineral.

The amphibolites occur in dikes of varying width between

walls of Algonkian slates and schists. Whenever they are very

wide, the center is an unaltered core of very homogeneous char-

acter. Increasing schistosity can then be traced outwards, till

the rock passes into extremely fine, greenish mica slates and

phyllites. esides these dikes others of very large and ex-

tremely irregular character also occur. Such is the rock in the

bed of Squaw Creek.

The rock from the mouth of Fantail and Nevada Gulches

forms a large dike. A specimen from the center and least schis-

tose portion of the dike is a dense deep green rock, and, even

in the hand specimen, presents a slightly diabasic appearance.

Under the microscope it is seen to be made up of a mass of

large plagioclase rods with well developed boundaries. The

interstices are filled with a light green uralitic hornblende and

some augite.

The plagioclase gives a maximum extinction angle measured

in sections perpendicular to albite lamellz of about 18 to 20

degrees. The feldspar is but little altered. The hornblende is

evidently a decomposition product of the augite, for it frequently

fills the cavities between the large fragments of that mineral,

which shows characteristic twinning and optical properties. The

augite, however, is in very small quantities comparatively, and

is important only in relation to the origin of the hornblende.

The latter is a very light greenish color, and has but a slight

pleochroism, from light green to yellowish green, and is most

frequently fibrous. It makes up the body of the rock. The

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 289

next mineral to the hornblende and plagioclase in abund-

ance is a colorless mineral in grains and definite crystals, and

scattered in great profusion through the rock. It has a high

index of refraction, and was at first taken for pyroxene. The

interference colors are, however, extremely low, by which means

it may be readily distinguished from that mineral. It is also

usually confined to the plagioclase, of which it seems to be an

alteration product. The extinction is parallel. In the amphi-

bolite from Squaw Creek this mineral is in very much larger

‘crystals, and in far greater abundance, having developed at the

expense of the feldspar. The latter mineral decreases in amount

as it becomes a more prominent constituent of the rock. The

mineral is probably zoisite.

Accessory ilmenite, calcite, apatite and quartz also occur. The

ilmenite is in large masses and is invariably surrounded by a

heavy border of leucoxene. The quartz and calcite are secondary.

The other varieties of amphibolite differ from the above largely

in degree of alteration and the absence of a recognizable diabase

texture. That which forms the large, irregular mass in Squaw

Creek is a fine-grained, dense rock, with a light green color,

and is locally known as “‘ diorite.”” The amphibole here, however,

is in much greater abundance. It is arranged in wide, fibrous

masses, made up of a series of parallel rods, which are often

curved and show a wavy extinction.

An analysis of this rock gave

SiO, 49.19

INO. 15.13

Iie lO), 10.71

(CaO), on

MgO, 8.05

K,O, Not det.

Na,O, Not det.

B. GENERAL DISCUSSION OF PETROGRAPHY.

The hills have twice been the seat of prolonged igneous

activity. The first period was previous to the metamorphism of

290 IRVING.

the Algonkian series, and was marked by the widespread eruption

of basic rocks, now represented by the amphibolites, that occur

in such abundance throughout the metamorphosed areas. The

second was not until the entire series of sediments between the

Algonkian and the upper Cretaceous had been deposited, and

was characterized by a highly alkaline series of intruded rocks.

These two periods of eruptive activity are separated by such a

vast interval of time that it is improbable that there should exist

any genetic relationships between the rocks peculiar to them.

Pre-Cambrian Eruptives.

That the rocks of this first period were extremely basic is

shown by their petrographic and chemical characters. Further,

it seems probable they were intrusive or even plutonic be-

cause :

ist: Many of them still preserve the typical diabasic granular

texture.

2d: Many of the more massive varieties show the granitoid

texture of gabbro.

The rocks are too much altered to afford other than these

very general conclusions.

Post-Cretaceous Eruptives.

The rocks belonging under this head may be differentiated

into the following :

Mica-diorite-porphyry or Hornblende-mica-andesite.

Diorite-porphyry or Hornblende-andesite.

Tonalite- or Quartz-mica-hornblende- diorite.

Quartz-porphyry or Khyolite.

Quartz-porphyrite or Dacite.

Phonolite.

Quartz-egirite-porphyry or Grorudite.

. Augite-vogesite.

Betwedn the first five varieties there are all gradations. The

hornblende-mica-andesites contain at times so much orthoclase

—

coo™N Aw w to

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 291

as to belong more properly in the trachyte series. On the

other hand the invariable occurrence of plagioclase in all of the

quartz-porphyries and rhyolites, indicates a transition toward

the dacites. These relations will be brought out by the accom-

panying diagram.

Increasing SiO, >

SYCNitehrirumubs Serine ee the Senses yer ai? Deaeyeeer as fee Granite

Trachyte Rhyolite

Family Family

5 |

Ss) |

= 57

a *K ae

g 5

Fa >K

Vv :

I 4

>K *

poe

Diorite Quartz Diorite

Andesite Dac te

Family Family

Diagram ulustrating affinities of rock types.

1. Diorite porphyry from the Needles to the west of Spear-

fish Creek. Contains less plagioclase and more orthoclase than

typical diorite porphyries, but more nearly approximates them

than the trachytes. Described on pages 283 and 284.

2. Typical mica-diorite porphyry from the Rua Mine. Con-

tains much plagioclase, but little orthoclase, and is very basic.

Analysis on page 283.

This rock has been described by Prof. Smith as mica-ande-

site. Described on page 282.

3. Rock from Crow Peak. Contains a very large propor-

tion of orthoclase, but almost all of the phenocrysts are of

plagioclase. Enough free silica is present to bring the rock

nearer to the rhyolite-dacite line than to that of the trachyte-

andesite series, and the plagioclase is in too great abundance

292 IRVING.

for it to be placed among the rhyolites. Described on pages

284 and 285. |

4. This rock is the extremely acidic type from loop o

the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad, between

Texana and Bald Mountain. Except for its intrusive character

it is a typical dacite. Described on pages 285 and 286.

5. Rock described as tonalite, from large dike in Deadwood

Gulch. It is intermediate in composition between the granites

and diorites, but verges a little toward the syenites from the pres-

ence of much orthoclase. Described on pages 286 and 287.

6. Typical quartz-porphyry, in which the quartz is con-

fined to the groundmass, considerable plagioclase is present.

Type from Portland Mill exposure. Description and analysis on

pages 276 and 277.

7. Foley Peak type of quartz-porphyry. Contains same

constituents as number six but shows a great increase in silica.

Quartz phenocrysts are abundant. Described on page 278.

Between the other rocks, namely the quartz-egirite por-

phyries, the phonolites and the vogesite, the writer has not

been able to trace so intimate a connection. There is, how-

ever, a much closer relation between the quartz-zgirite rocks

and the phonolites than between either of those varieties and

the rhyolite-andesite series.

There is but little doubt that this series of egirite rocks

closely parallels the grorudite-tinguaite series of Broegger. It

is true that rocks showing the chemical composition of the

solrsburgites have not yet been identified, but very few analyses

of the more acid trachytoid phonolites have been made, and

there is but little question that further investigation will reveal

the presence of the intermediate types.

The difference between these rocks and those described by

Broegger are mainly textural. In the grorudites, quartz is con-

fined to the groundmass, whereas in the Black Hills, the equiv-

alent rocks contain it as frequently in the form of phenocrysts.

On the basis of this difference the writer has designated the

rock as quartz-zgirite-porphyry, thus avoiding the introduc-

tion of a new name into the already overburdened science of

petrography.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 293

Whether there is any gradation between the quartz-zgirite-

porphyries and the quartz-porphyry-andesite series has not been

definitely determined. Certain rocks gathered from the com-

plex mass on Foley Peak seem to indicate a transition between

these rock types, as also does the larger percentage of soda in

the quartz-porphyry from the Ulster Mine.

The following diagram will illustrate the affinities of the

zegirine rocks.

Increasing SiO? ——_______>

Phonolite Quartz-zegirite-

or tinguaite k porphyry or groru-

Family Sélvsbergites ? dite Family

| 2

| ok

| :

ce) Rock from the Ulster| Mine.

Z *k |

b=) |

Quartz-porphyry

Trachyte es = aa a or Rhyolite

Family

1. Rock from Foley Peak. This position as a transitional type is tentative.

Chemical analysis is necessary to confirm it.

2. Second specimen from Foley Peak. Position likewise tentative.

Concerning the succession of the different types, a few definite

data are available. The mica-andesite or mica-diorite-porphyry

on the divide beyond Twin Peaks is cut by a dike of tinguaite. A

dike of the same rock intersects the quartz-porphyry of the Port-

land type, on the western slope of the hill beyond the Rua

Mine. Both contacts are clearly visible. The same dike cuts

the porphyry of the War Eag e Hill type, in the Gulch below

the Rua Mine. The War Eagle Hill quartz-porphyry is again

cut in the bed of Squaw creek by a third dike of tinguaite,

which strikes east and west. In Bear Gulch the diorite-por-

294 IRVING.

phyry is cut by a dike of augite-vogesite, which contains in-

clusions of the older rocks. One other instance of the kind is

mentioned by Professor F. C. Smith." From these data we

can infer that :

1. The phonolites are younger than the quartz-porphyries and

diorite-porphyries, but their relations to the quartz-egirite-por-

phyries and augite-vogesite, is as yet undetermined.

2. The augite-vogesite is younger than the diorite-porphyries.

The vogesite dike is probably one of the latest intrusions,

and represents the final basic residuum of the magma which

has produced the alkaline series. The point which is still

left undetermined is the relation between the latter series and

the rhyolite-andesite series. Have we here two series of erup-

tive rocks marking two widely separated periods of eruptive

activity, or a single series which has arisen from the continuous

differentiation of a single magma?

It must be left to further investigation to decide this ques-

tion. The entire area of the northern hills, and the associated

Warren’s Peak uplift must be studied, and an extended set of

analyses made before the relations of the rock types can be

established. Such an investigation will be extremely interesting,

for there is scarcely any one locality which, from its rare types

and from its isolated and circumscribed character, will do more

to determine the validity of the hypothesis of magmatic differ-

entiation than the Black Hills of South Dakota.

V.) ORE BODIES:

In the district mapped ore bodies occur in all three of the

main horizons, Algonkian, Cambro-Silurian and Carboniferous,

and in addition there are placers of recent formation. Of these

the first was until recently the largest producer, the second is

now the most productive, the third is in the early stages of its

development, and the fourth is of small importance.

1 Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Vol. XXVII,

p- 413, July, 1897.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 295

The siliceous gold ores occur in the Cambro-Silurian and Car-

boniferous formations, and are the ones with which this paper is

chiefly concerned. The others will be considered only so far

as they are geologically related to them.

A. ORES IN THE ALGONKIAN.

The ores in the Algonkian form impregnated zones in the

slates and schists. The gold is associated with pyrite, and the

ores are free-milling in the upper parts of the deposit, but pass

into more refractory sulphurets as workings advance to greater

depths. The most important development is the great Home-

stake vein of Lead City, but many other minor impregnated

zones occur throughout the Algonkian exposures. The ores

in this formation average $3.87 to $4.00 per ton, and are essen-

tially low grade. Concerning the Homestake vein Dr. Carpen-

ter says :' ‘The part of the ‘belt’ belonging to the Homestake

combination is gold bearing for a distance of 6,000 feet. The

‘ore’ is not continuous throughout this distance, but occurs in

shoots or vast ‘pipes,’ lenticular in cross-section. The beds of

argillite, phyllite and amphibole schists, in which these shoots oc-

cur, strike north 3734 degrees west ; which is also accurately the

strike of the plane or ‘ore channel’ in which the shoots occur.

The dip of the beds is as a whole to the east. The shoots dip

east also, but athwart this plane at anangle of about 45 degrees.

The ore and enclosing rocks have indifferently the same general

cleavage structure.”’

Many dikes of porphyry cut the Homestake deposits, and

sheets of the same rock overlie it. The porphyries have, in the

opinion of the above authority : °

ist. Made the ores more free-milling.

2d. Produced in their neighborhood either an enrichment of

the deposit or a further concentration of the gold which origin-

ally existed in it.

As these deposits have not yet attained, in the area mapped,

\Trans, Am, Institute Mining Eng., XVII, 574, Feb., 1889.

Op. cit., page 575.

296 IRVING.

any considerable importance, they will not be further discussed.

The important points are:

ist. They are the oldest known gold deposits of the hills.

2d. Their mineralogical character is largely free-milling in the

upper portions—and hence free-milling in those parts which, by

their disintegration, have furnished material for the formation of

later deposits.

B. Ore BODIES IN THE CAMBRO-SILURIAN.

From the disintegration of the Algonkian ore deposits we

have, as demonstrated by Devereux,’ ancient placers, in which

the gold exists in the free condition. These are in the basal con-

glomerates of the Cambrian, and the gold has been worn from

the older deposits by the action of the waves upon the shores

of the Algonkian Island. They have been of especially large

development in the vicinity of Central City in Deadwood Gulch,

and in Blacktail Gulch. But the free gold of the Cambrian

formation is not confined to the basal conglomerate, which in-

deed is by no means auriferous throughout its entire extent.

The gold seems to be disseminated throughout the formation,

sometimes sinking to a very few cents per ton, but almost al-

ways giving colors when panned. Cambrian shales and sand-

stones, some two or three hundred feet above the basal quartzite

on the west banks of Spearfish Creek have yielded from 80

cents to $2.00 per ton, and are here entirely unaltered. They

contain the original high percentage of calcareous matrix be-

tween the quartz grains, and show no traces of induration.

Certain unaltered glauconite shales on Crown Hill have yielded,

according to Mr. Holmes of the Rua Mine, considerable colors

on panning. Many other instances of free gold in small quan-

tities in the unaltered Cambrian shales have been mentioned to

the writer. Time has not permitted an extended series of tests,

but if the numerous instances cited are correct, and there seems

to be no reason to doubt them, small quantities of free gold

would seem to be a common feature in many of the Cambrian

1Trans. Am. Institute Mining Eng., X, 465 and sqq., Feb., 1882.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 297

sediments, and to have been deposited from the erosion of the

Algonkian throughout a large portion of Cambrian time. This

gold has not, however, at any time been of economic impor-

tance (except in the basal conglomerates), and is interesting only

as related to the formation of other deposits.

The Cambrian Siliceous Ores.

The siliceous ores are perhaps the most interesting ore bodies

in the hills, and now outrank the Homestake properties in their

output. Their occurrence, history and treatment have been

set forth by F. C. Smith in an excellent paper on the subject.

Other papers are those of F. R. Carpenter, W. P. Jenney, Persifer

Fraser and W. O. Crosby.

Distribution. —The producing districts have been divided by

F. C. Smith into the northern. connected area, which is essen-

tially that included in the map accompanying this paper, and

the Galena area. In the first are the ores carrying gold and

silver, and in the second those with gold, silver and lead. The

first area only will be considered here.

The northern connected areas of Smith is roughly divisible into

four parts :

~ 1. Ruby Basin or Bald Mountain district. .

2. Portland or Green Mountain district.

3. The Crown Hill district.

4. Sheeptail Gulch district.

1. Ruby Basin District.

The Cambrian strata are most extensively exposed in the

vicinity of Ruby Basin and Bald Mountain, and therefore the ore-

bearing horizons have been most easy of access in this vicinity.

Consequently this district has so far attained the greatest de-

velopment. The number of mines which have been either oper-

ated, or are now in operation, is very large, and it has been pos-

sible to examine only a limited number of them in detail.

The following properties may be cited as illustrative of those

which are, or have been, large producers: The Tornado, the

ANNALS N. Y. AcAp. Sct., XII, December 8, 1899—109.

—

298 IRVING.

Union, the Big Bonanza, the Little Bonanza, the Baltimore, the

Ross-Hannibal, and the Fanny. There are also many others.

Of these the writer has examined the Union and the Big Bo-

nanza, and in addition many abandoned workings.

The Union Mine.-—The Union Mine is situated in Whitetail

Gulch, just west of Sugar Loaf Hill. The shaft has been sunk

through the base of the Sugar Loaf laccolite into the shales and

NRG

awe

[NS

Cae

LIME SHALES AND SAND STONES OF CAMBRIAN _

a AERA SEAL

Abana bo welerstals T

BSC le Sor aren?

foe" © PS)o%~¢ ° o° Ade

ST i ° Te ere Eee a Sg’o*

Uf, =) A OO NOS EO a SOs ts SOeaATS

SS.w >

Sul :

Fic. 15. Diagrammatic section of the Union Mine in Whitetail Gulch. The

section is supposed to be in a north and south direction. The shaft was sunk some

distance east of the ore shoot but the ore has been shown in the diagram at the foot

of the shaft to illustrate its occurrence immediately above the basal Cambrian

quartzite. ,

sandstones of the Cambrian, as far as the top of the conglom-

eratic quartzite, which immediately overlies the Algonkian.

See Fig. 15. Upon this quartzite the ore occurs as ‘“ Shoots ”’

or long flat channel like masses, which have in general a north

and south direction. In thickness the shoots vary from a thin

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 299

edge to seven or eight feet. Above is a roof of lime shales.

The width of the shoots is roughly from 20 to 150 feet, and in

length they are much greater. The central portion of a shoot

is usually the thickest, and on the flanks the ore thins out lat-

erally, with irregular boundaries. It sometimes passes into

shales in alternating layers of different degrees of silicification,

and again it thins down to a feather edge. When a shoot has

been mined out, narrow vertical fissures filled with ore can be

detected, which are roughly parallel to the longer diameter of

the ore body, and may be seen both in the shale roof above and

the quartzite floor beneath. In the latter they are much con-

stricted and frequently thin down to a mere streak. They often

fork, and are sometimes cut by cross verticals, but in general

they follow roughly the longer direction of the shoot. Through-

out the entire mine ramifying dikes and sheets of phonolite oc-

cur in great profusion, and in some instances the ore verticals

can be seen alongside of them, the solutions evidently having

had access through contact zones. The character of the ore is

essentially oxidized, and is a very hard siliceous material, which

is heavily coated and intermingled with iron oxides. The ore

is in all cases a replacement of the calcareous material of the

shales and sandstones by siliceous solutions, which contained

the valuable mineral.

In many places a gray to blue, dense ro-k is met, which has

almost the appearance of a diorite, and which forms the borders

of the ore-shoots. It is called ‘‘sand-rock’’ by the miners and

was found on examination to be a quite pure crystalline lime-

stone, but to contain disseminated sand grains and considerable

pyrite.

The bluish variety, when exposed to oxidizing conditions be-

comes red, and in the most highly altered occurrences isa

light, reddish, sandy material from which the greater part of the

lime has been dissolved. It is then termed ‘‘red gouge’”’ by

the miners. This rock, in either the blue or unoxidized, or the

red and oxidized state, is present in all mines of siliceous ore,

and seems, from its highly calcareous nature, to have every-

where formed the ore-bearing horizon. That the siliceous ore-

300 IRVING.

shoots occur prevailingly on the basal Cambrian quartzite is

probably due to the position of this easily replaceable limestone

rather than to any influence exerted by the quartzite itself.

C Shates ana "Sand-rock

2? ~.

eas Seve

. ne) = eo! ,.—

° wir CHS aes

~ee

~ Quartyitic C englemerate

®o eo @'¢@ 2 Ve

gOS 2. ois wo cuene

Algonkian

Fic. 16. Siliceous ore vertical occurring along the contact of a quartz-porphyry

dike near the opening of the Big Bonanza Mine.

The Lig Bonanza.—The Big Bonanza Mine is situated on the

southern bank of Fantail Gulch, just at the lower end of the

town of Terry. The basal quartzite is here exposed high up on

the side of the gulch and the ore has been opened up by a

drift. The shoot is of an irregular character, and occupies

nearly the entire area covered by the claim. It attains in places

a thickness of fifteen feet, and is of both the blue or unoxidized,

and the red or oxidized varieties. The floor is of the usual

quartzite, but the roof is sometimes porphyry, and at others

shales. Verticals occur as usual, with a prevailing north and

south trend. An interesting vertical on the contact of a quartz-

porphyry dike was seen (see Fig. 16) near the mouth of the

main drift.

Of especially frequent occurrence in this mine is the ‘‘ barren

sand rock,” by which is meant the hard blue crystalline lime-

stone mentioned above. At one point the ore shoot is com-

pletely cut off by this rock, but it is seen again at some distance.

The limestone forms a thick mass like a dike in close contact

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 301

with the ore on both sides. A large phonolite dike some hun-

dred feet or more in width occurs at the west of this mine and

separates the ore body from that of the Little Bonanza.

Other Mines.—Of the remaining mines in the Ruby Basin,

the most important is that of the Golden Reward Company. It

is the largest producer of this class of ore ‘in the hills. The

writer was unable to obtain access to the Golden Reward prop-

erties, but presumably the ore shoots show no difference from

those just described except perhaps in size. Mention has been

made by Prof. Smith ! of several horizons at which the ore occurs

in this region, but he has stated that these may be due to faults.

This has undoubtedly been the case, for the Algonkian itself

has been faulted to a very considerable extent in Nevada Gulch,

and many other faults can be readily distinguished.

2. Portland or Green Mountain District.

In this district all of the mines with one exception, the

Decorah, are situated from two to three hundred feet above the

base of the Cambrian. On Green Mountain and almost imme-

diately beneath the phonolite cap are the Trojan and Empire

State, the upper workings of the Decorah and other mines.

Along the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad are the

Clinton, Mark Twain, and Gunnison mines. In the bottom of

Deadwood Gulch, and separated by a thickness of two or three

hundred feet of strata from the upper working of the same mine

on Green Mountain, is the Decorah.

The Decorah.—In the Decorah mine the conditions are the

same as those in the Union and Big Bonanza, the ore lying

directly on the quartzite. The mine is however, in the early

stages of its development, and no very extensive ore shoots

have yet been mined out. One peculiar feature of the mine, and

one which is met at no other place to the writer’s knowledge, is

that the basal quartzite is thinner than usual, and seems to oc-

1Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers, Vol. XXVII, p. 416. July, 1897.

302 IRVING.

cupy only the depressions of the Algonkian surface, so that the

ore frequently comes into direct contact with the slates. The

roof is sometimes shales, and at others porphyry, and the entire

mine, like many of the others examined, is seamed with dikes.

The Clinton.—Of the mines on the upper contact the Clinton

was the only one carefully examined. The shoots extend in a

northwest and southeast direction, and the usual verticals ap-

pear. The ore is in a bed of lime shales, and rests on a

quartzite floor consisting of one of the more massive members

of the upper strata of the Cambrian. The shoots are thin and

of less lateral extent than are those on the lower quartzite, but

in other respects they show no essential difference. ‘The hill on

which the mine is situated contains many sills of porphyry with

Cambrian partings between. Much of the ore is of lower grade

than the ores on the lower contact, and it is said to carry a higher

relative percentage of silver.

Although the very first siliceous deposits to be opened up in

the hills, the mines of Green Mountain have not been in opera-

tion for some time, owing to litigation. The ores, however,

carry quite high values in gold and silver. They contain con-

siderable galena and some copper, which frequently manifests

itself in green coatings.

3. Crown Fill District.

In the Crown Hill district very little work has yet been done,

there being but one producing mine, that of the ‘‘ Two Johns.”

The district is, however, a promising one, and owes its tardy

development rather to ill-advised mining, and to its position

at the very top of the Cambrian series (thus necessitating a

considerable depth of shaft to reach the lower quartzite) than to

any absence of ore deposition. In*the Two Johns the ore lies

on the lower quartzite.

4. Sheeptail Gulch District.

The ore is found in shoots on the basal Cambrian quartzite,

‘as it dips away from the Algonkian toward the northeast. This

303

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

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Wananga eSraroro ear asap ln aoneapatay gn eLINACICIIEY hea ae ero tae os eau y rh yy

FHtP HE He tte tet tteerateeteetgeteeegege

PEEP EEE EHH E HH eH eH tee eegee gs

IRVING.

304

*‘QUO}SPURS SNOdIvITVO 9Y} Jo suoT)10d

paovidaiun ‘uated Jo sdue1N990 Sujeajsnyyt suru ssordxqy uvowouly ur Jooys 10 jo ued oNeMUILISeIqT “gt ‘Oly

== 530s SS

—== =

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 305

occurrence of Cambrian is not represented on the map as the lim-

ited time at the writer’s disposal did not permit an accurate study

of the exposures. The district is still in the early stages of

development.

The American Express Mine is situated in Sheeptail Gulch, a

short distance above its junction with Blacktail Gulch. It is

opened by a tunnel on the basal quartzite, which is here ex-

posed at some distance above the bottom of the gulch. The

quartzite dips slightly toward the northeast, and the ore shoots

run with the dip, being lateral enrichments of verticals. The

ores have come up from below, and spread out upon the quart-

zite floor, replacing the calcareous matter in the sandy limestone

and lime shales. The shoots vary from a few feet to thirty feet

in width, and in thickness they are about six feet. The roof of

the mine is a porphyry sheet. The average yield of the ore is

something between $15.00 and $25.00 per ton. It is of the

hard, bluish, unoxidized variety, and contains many vuggs filled

with quartz. Druses of pyrite can often be seen in the hand-

specimens. The verticals run northeast and are parallel with

the longer diameters of the shoots. Islands of unreplaced

‘sand rock” (the ‘barren sand rock’’ previously mentioned)

or sandy limestone occur in the shoots. The accompanying

diagrams will illustrate the geological relations. (Figs. 17, 18.)

Résumé Regarding the Siliceous Ore Bodies. Form.—From

these data it will appear that the ore shoots are channel-like

masses of irregular shape, but generally longer than broad.

They sometimes attain a thickness of fifteen feet and again may

sink to a feather edge. The roof is either a porphyry sheet or

a bed of shale, and the floor is either the hard indurated basal

quartzite of the Cambrian or in the case of the upper con-

tact a bed of argillaceous and non-replaceable shales. Verti-

cal feeders run in a direction parallel to the longer diameters of

the shoots. The width of the ore bodies varies from 150 feet

to a mere vertical crack. The thickness seems to have been de-

termined partly by the thickness of the more easily replaceable

rock, 2. ¢., that containing the most fissures, and the largest pro-

306 IRVING.

portion of calcite, and partly by the strength and volume of the

siliceous solutions. The width of the shoots is dependent on

the latter condition, the length, upon the length of the supply-

ing fissures. Fig. 1g illustrates the general type of siliceous

ore-body in the Cambrian.

CambrianShaie and

Sandeoer. Very Esterreous)

Gambyian

Quarhas be and Conalemprate

~ Cement)

AY gonkian

Gross Section of Ore Chute.

Plan of] OreChute.

Fic. 19. Generalized plan and section of a siliceous ore shoot in the Cambrian

shale. The plan of the shoot is broken at the center, to illustrate the general paral-

lelism of the vertical to the longer diameter of the ore-body.

Florizons.—The .horizons of the ore bodies are first, that of

the sandy limestone immediately overlying the basal Cambrian

quartzite and, second, other horizons near the top of the same °

series, but not definitely determined. The larger number of

mines have been opened upon the lower horizon, and as com-

pared with the upper, it has so far proved to be superior both in

the frequency and size of the shoots, and in the grade of the

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 307

ores. That this is a general rule can only be demonstrated

when those districts from which the upper measures of the Cam-

brian have not been eroded have been more completely opened

up.

It seems, however, reasonable, that such should be the case

when we consider that the lower horizon is the first replaceable

zone to be attacked by uprising solutions, and that unless por-

‘phyry intrusions have rendered it difficult of access, the solutions

would in general first expend their strength in its replacement ;

the mineralization of the upper contacts would then only be

performed by solutions of unusual strength and volume.

Character of the Ores.—Of the character of the ores Profes-

sor Smith says :!

«« While some deposits (such as that of the Dividend Mine, on Green Mountain)

yield pay-ore of a gouge-like, decomposed character, in general the ores may be de-

scribed as thoroughly reorganized sandstones, showing, under the microscope, many

druses lined with innumerable quartz crystals, and containing calcite and fluorite. Of

these ores, those which have not suffered oxidation frequently show considerable fine

grained pyrite, and are locally called ‘blue’ ores; the oxidized ores, though fre-

quently showing only a small iron content, are usually stained with iron, and are

called ‘red’ ores. Both kinds are usually exceedingly tough and difficult to break

or pulverize.

‘¢ Analysis of typical samples yielded the following results :

RED ORE.

lliCateneren canescens a Keine HACeiee haere Ve thas MeO NS UE poy eZ LE

PMI Aen rae Leer Su MARU ANN Malad nan ea M ene ASOT

Terie @ xc eee eliec pe eacuaigl can sininees Un etyt arate eye caleWy MDCT NT S28

Calcium O xian erie scanner, alee Nee YS 4 6) Ons

Masmesiume@ sider iin an ia in ocean a ett elisa cit Ne) OL 25

Sul pniartroxtdle race ide ist ee rae nslal Oelatee Pees. Lue Quye

Tellurium 8.426 oz, per ton.

Gold 0.574 (73 cé 66

Silver Ze OTB eee ae au

Alo tall Pere erect eevee MN UM min aun yan AN Milne) ieych TOO: OFF

1 Trans. American Inst. Mining Eng., XX VII, 415.

See ‘* Tellurium and Gold Ores,’’? Zrans. Am. Inst. Mining Eng., XXVI,

485, Sept., 1896.

308 IRVING.

BLUE ORE.

Silica eu SS UN gS aE Lee a ee ee BE OS ON7 4

AMUN al er aes Geshe ee. ae enen ep ee PE Se shen trwinne ae NS 810361 07/29

TmOne oven titel hs Maran etn tear sic ay da Fo eo Lee)

Sulphar' ej ae Ee aN eae ne eet aie 2

Gypsum’: (ei iO eS NN TT Renae aca eae eRe LONOOE

Barbe 35) 78) 'o iia oes esty rag sllyou aN eA a een a 0.784

Phosphorus, pemtoxide/ssen eae ea on eee ene ea eee OA

Tellurium 4.03 oz. per ton

Gold O. 325 oz. per ton

Silver 10.55 oz. per ton

Metal, Aol Sa pis hse Mica Siickig salva EA Sa sce nec eto BO

‘¢ These may be considered as low-grade ores, and it is interesting to note that

the analysis of the red ore might be almost duplicated by that of the blue ore, after

oxidation, during which the latter might be expected to lose iron and sulphur.

‘Taking averages of the tellurium, gold and silver found in the analysis of nine

different samples of Potsdam ore, six being ‘red’ and three being ‘blue,’ the fol-

lowing percentages were obtained :

wore Vnareh inns, ah gy estes Wa ea sta ea a Ph en ee at acer esE S(O) SO (727

Gol dered awa k ts pelpaieay ieee a Manet Ritesh eta Wee 7.64

SST Ue) erating Cee Marae aNd as cae eiiyiend DNR ecg i Yo a Sef ete Ci 246)

Motalis ans emu toe Berea ge NG Ga ee eee a aaa eT OOOO ms

Much discussion has taken place over the form in which the

gold exists in these ores. Little or no free gold ever occurs in

them, and the only mineral which would contain the gold is

the pyrite, which can always be detected in considerable quan-

tities in the unoxidized varieties. Since the publication of the

paper above quoted, Professor Smith informs me that spectro-

scopic investigation has revealed the presence of considerable

thallium in the ores.

The value of the ores varies within wide limits, running any-

where between $6.00 and $60.00 per ton, and, in some in-

stances, even higher. The average yield is, however, from

$15.00 to $20.00 per ton. Owing to the expense of treatment,

ores below $10.00 per ton have not yet been mined at a profit.

Origin of the Ores ——TYhe nature of the ore bodies and the

character of the ores will at once make it manifest, that they are

to be regarded as chemical replacements of the calcareous

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 309

material of sandy limestones and lime shales by siliceous solu-

tions bearing the gold. The deposition has in all cases been a

metasomatic interchange of silica and pyrite for carbonate of

lime, in which the latter has in all probability acted as the pre-

cipitating agent. Whether or not these solutions were in a

heated condition, it is not possible to say, but it is very probable

that such was the case. That the chemical activity of the solu-

tions was due to the eruptive activity seems probable because

at a distance from the eruptive centers, ore bodies are not found.

The gold remote from the eruptives is either in placers or in

finely disseminated colors in the Cambrian, and has been derived

in all probability by erosion from the Algonkian schists. The

ore shoots can invariably be traced to a so-called “ vertical’ or

crevice, now filled by silica of the same character as the ore

body itself.

At times these verticals occur at the sides of dikes of quartz

porphyry, but more frequently they are merely fractures in the

sedimentary rocks, probably caused by the same eruptions that

heated and rendered active the percolating waters to which the

ore bodies owe their origin. Prof. Smith has said’ ‘‘ Wherever

mineralization of the Potsdam beds has occurred, it can almost

always be traced to a quartz-porphyry or rhyolite dike, or

‘vertical ’ which itself is usually mineralized, stained with oxide

of iron, and so much broken and decomposed, that its rock

character is distinguishable with difficulty.”

That all the verticals which occur in relation with these ore

bodies are shattered and subsequently mineralized dikes the

writer does not believe, because in many cases they show no

traces of the original rock, and the siliceous replacement of por-

phyry is something which is not frequently observed. That the

verticals do sometimes occur along the contacts of the dikes is

not to be denied, but this is to be attributed to their shattered

condition caused probably by the injection of later intrusions.

The verticls are to be considered simply as fractures, which have

afforded access to percolating waters. They have sometimes

occurred along the contacts of dikes, but are as frequently re-

moved from them.

1Trans. American Inst. Mining Eng., Vol. XX VII, pp. 416, 417. July, 1897

310 IRVING.

It has been shown on page 293 that there are at least two

series of intrusions—first the rhyolite-andesite series, and second

the series involving the phonolites. The phonolites are the

later intruded rocks. The question now arises, is it to one or

both of the series of intrusions that the mineralizing action is

attributable ? To this a positive answer cannot be given, but

the widespread occurrence of purplish fluorite, and the presence

of tellurium in the ores are so similar to the conditions at Crip-

ple Creek, and in the Judith Mountains, that one cannot well

avoid considering the phonolite here, as there, to be the chief

agent that has rendered ore bearing solutions chemically active.

Derivation of the Gold.—For the derivation of the gold four

possible sources can be suggested :

A. By lateral) 1. From the leaching out of the small amount of

| free gold present in the rocks of the Cambrian

| formation.

secretion.

_2. From the leaching out of small amounts in

the porphyries.

B. By accen-|

From the leaching out of the free gold and

sion by in-) — sulphurets of the underlying slates and schists.

filtration. 4 From the derivation of the gold from an

| indefinite horizon below, 7 ¢., probably the

ame source from which the Algonkian gold

| was derived.

The form of the ore shoots and their association with verti-

cals, will make it at once apparent that the ores are not in any

sense the result of lateral secretion, but that they have come

from depths far below their present position.

We are then left to decide whether the solutions have de-

rived their burden of gold, from the older deposits in the Algon-

kian, or from deeper sources below. It is not improbable

that both of these explanations are true. Tellurium it is true,

has not yet been detected in the Algonkian ores, but it may

exist in the sulphurets in depth.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY: oll

The history of the formation of the siliceous ore bodies can

then be outlined as follows :

First occurred the intrusion of the older quartz-porphyries,

which produced much shattering. _Contemporaneous with

these, there may have been a certain amount of ore deposition,

but not that to which the main siliceous ore bodies owe their

origin. Later the eruption of the phonolites took place, cut-

ting and shattering the older eruptives, and adding to the num-

ber of fissures in the sedimentary rocks. Subsequent to all of

these intrusions, and probably separated from them by only a

brief interval of time, came a long period during which heated

solutions, containing fluorine and silica and other powerful min-

eralizers gradually replaced the carbonate of lime in the more

soluble strata of the Cambrian. The chemical activity of these

solutions was increased by the heat and mineralizers derived

from the newly injected phonolites. They passed up through

the Algonkian slates and schists, becoming much enriched by

the leaching out of the gold from these rocks. Finally they

reached the very calcareous and porous rocks of the Cambrian,

and by a metasomatic interchange, produced the horizontal ore

bodies that are found to-day.

C. ORES IN THE CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE.

Of these ores there are two classes: Silver ores and gold

ores. The silver ores occur in the vicinity of Carbonate Camp

on the north side of Squaw Creek, and are mainly chlorides

and carbonates. They have not been studied with care. Of

the gold ores in the Carboniferous there is but one district.

The Ragged Top District.—This includes two varieties of

deposits, one of which is represented by the Ulster Mine on the

divide to the northwest of Preston, the other by the verticals on

the Dacy Flat, and on the divide to the south of Ragged Top

Mountain. The Ragged Top verticals are seven in number,

the Dacy vertical being the largest producer. They are wedge-

shaped crevices in the limestone, of about ten feet in maximum

width at the top and narrowing down to mere crevices in

312 IRVING.

depth. In the Doyle vertical lateral enrichments occur and

also in the Metallic Streak Mine on the ridge south of Calam-

ity, Creek, /

The ore is essentially a silicified mass of brecciated limestone

fragments, which are stained with iron oxide and which contain

calcite in the lower grade ores. The general run of ore, how-

ever, is hardly to be distinguished from the limestone except

that it is very slightly darker and is very hard, being an almost

complete replacement of the limestone. Porphyry is not present

in these verticals.

The line where the ore is cemented to the wall rock (see

diagram) is often clearly marked, but the structural details, such

Siliceous Gold Ove _..

_ in Wimestone.

ist; Re a i Emarged

Y y Wew der

Showing Siliaticarion

p tort th g Tn of Brecerated himeskone

eae nS aia Nieaes ae eee ate

Fee a the ore and wall-yoes,,

Sgr

al ; aa en ae

eS ee

(eo a ET Tf co Type of Ragged Top Vertreal

a Ea eee L Eanes) in Garboniferousr Limestone _

Ce a a a OnDaey Fide

a, Se a He a)

(ln Lean es Ea, \D 17 \avrence Go-

o ) r) aS BS Be SouthDakota .

Fic. 20. Diagram in perspective to illustrate the character of the Ragged Top

Verticals.

as banding etc., pass from the one into the other, and it is

only possible to tell them apart, from the slightly darker color

and greater hardness of the ore. The ore in the Metallic

Streak Mine, is often brilliantly stained with fluorite. No

BEACK HILES GEOLOGY. 313

authoritative data as to the gerade of these ores, but they are

reported to yield high values, frequently over $100 per ton. In

the case cited below the value in gold is unusual. They are

to be regarded as brecciated zones silicified by solutions, which

owe their activity possibly to the influence of the eruptive mass

of Ragged Top Mountain.

The chemical character of the ore will appear from the ac-

companying analysis taken from the paper by Professor Smith :

MEOISEUTEM cho a cicet Beat ioin wens vena ye O.110

Wolatiles matter: ieee. cries Me nena sis 0.802

SCA ie tig eens eh cee hata ah Fans oe 90.990

/ARANING OHIO ea te Oiag eat eh ere Np fee Rs aa « 2.970

Cit Ca OMICS serene eee Nei tke cael bh a i 3.02

Cal cium @xaclesn yawn sins ee ee oe Il

Mafomesiunn @xiden ute ea esa trace

Tellurium 29.26 oz. per ton,

Gold Tn) 4 eee) es

Silver Te Tent ate

Mota ar yeti syst eee seans Chaps ane eta alish 99.034

Combining the gold, silver and tellurium in the above an-

alysis we find them existing in the following relative proportions,

SEUNG IEE oa Tay SN eer ON ea ee ele eat ead 61.20

Golclens ete re er ae a 20127

OVURYSIE cs o's, Cea aee aingeee ene Vh Me NO Tantra IARC 2.53

BING trellises te see ee ah isan a Sher 100 (exe)

The Ulster Mine.—In the Ulster Mine the ore occurs in con-

tact zones, between the limestone and a very irregularly intruded

mass of porphyry. This is cut by a dike of dense green

phonolite, and the ore seems to have resulted from the silicifi-

cations of brecciated limestone, which has been fractured by

the intrusion of Twin Peaks and other porphyry bodies in the

Cambrian below. Brilliant purple fluorite occurs in great

quantities. The ore is irregularly distributed. It may thin to

a mere streak, and again open out to a very large and thick

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sct., XII, December 18, 1899—20.

314 IRVING.

mass. The values obtained are very high, running frequently

up to $150 per ton, and in one instance $1,000 per ton.

From these descriptions it will appear that there is no marked

difference between the siliceous ores in the Carboniferous and

those in the Cambrian. Like them, they are to be ascribed to

the chemical action of siliceous solutions replacing calcite.

That they are vertical in the majority of cases, horizontal in the

case of the metallic streak, irregular as in the Ulster, is merely a

question of the direction and form of the fissures through which

the solutions obtained access to the limestone. Their existence

in the Ragged Top region would seem to indicate the probable

presence of extensive ore deposits in the Cambrian below. In-

deed it is probable that as the development of the latter class of

ores goes on the distribution of the shoots will prove to be much

more general than is at present apparent.

Dos PLACERS:

The quarternary placers have been formed by the concentra-

tion of the gold derived from the Algonkian. They are distrib-

uted in considerable numbers in the neighborhood of the great

Homestake belt, and in fact in many of the gulches, which head

up into the Algonkian areas throughout the hills. Professor

Smith mentions them and says: ‘‘ The yield from these work-

ings is relatively small, and there seem to be a few places where

the placers could be profitably worked on a larger scale ; never-

theless, they afford occupation to a large number of men, and

yield them a constant if small return.”’

The placers in Beaver Creek, Bear Gulch and Iron Creek are °

of this type, and, although occurring in the Carboniferous for-

mation, have undoubtedly derived their gold from the Al-

gonkian of Nigger Hill. When panned the gold is found

mingled with great quantities of tourmaline and cassiterite, and

innumerable small red garnets, which could have come from no

other source.

The richest placers are, however, not directly formed from the

disintegrated Algonkian, but have been shown by Devereux to

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY. 315

have resulted from the erosion of the ‘“‘cement’’ deposits or au-

riferous basal conglomerates of the Cambrian.

E. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

In conclusion the writer takes pleasure in extending his ac-

knowledgements for the many courtesies extended to him while

in the hills: to Professor F. C. Smith for very kind advice as to

field work, localities, etc., and for the published analyses, which

have been invaluable in the. preparation of this paper, also for

many other kindnesses; to Dr. F. R. Carpenter and Messrs.

Chapman, Greenough, A. J. Smith, Johnson, Jackson and Hal-

lam for permission to examine mining properties; and to Dr.

W. P. Jenney for courtesies extended. After the completion of

field work the writer accompanied Dr. T. A. Jaggar, of the

U. S. Geological Survey, in his reconnaissance of Custer Peak,

Inyan Kara, Black Butte, Sundance hills, Little Missouri Buttes,

Mato Tepee and Warren Peaks. Great care has been taken to

make no reference in this paper to these igneous peaks, other

than to facts already published, but their study has been an in-

valuable aid to a correct understanding of the igneous phenom-

ena in the district studied, as also have views suggested by dis-

cussion with Dr. Jagger. For many other courtesies the writer

is also indebted to Dr. Jagger and Messrs. Tower, Herron and

Boutwell of the U. S. Geological Survey.

In the preparation of the petrography much aid was rendered

by the sections of Norwegian types kindly oaned by Dr. Henry

S. Washington.

To Mr. Van Ingen, of Columbia University, and to Messrs.

P. lL’. Irving and J. F. McClelland, the writer is indebted for as-

sistance in the preparation of the model of Ragged Top and

Elk Mountain and for many other services.

To Professor Kemp, of Columbia University, the writer espe-

cially extends his acknowledgements for advice and assistance

during the field work and for kindly criticism and revision

throughout the entire preparation of this paper and also for lab-

oratory and other facilities for investigation kindly placed at his

disposal by the geological department.

PLATE V.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Map illustrating a portion of Lawrence county in the Black Hills

of South Dakota.

(318)

LEGEND

home| | ##MAP

ALGONKIAN

pee (2

‘

| BLACK HILLS. eee

<OTA. Le

vING fF

| Fee Bea. p CAMBRO-

SILURIAN

6000 Snes | | Hi

nee

wl a

— e

SS)

~All

wa 2, We “i

ESATA

LEST

Il ae

ys BA

ANNALS N. y. ACAD. SCI. XII. PLATE V.

r SS LEGEND

OLittle Crow Pk S Eetoure GEOLOGICAL MAP

OF tty

A PORTION OF

LAWRENCE COUNTYS:BLACK HILLS, igZn

SOUTH DAKOTA.

JOHN DUEB 1BVING

ALGONKIAN

PHONOLITE

if Seale of fod ANAS

i 1 J T

uu. tp Latha.

‘ |

{ TINGUAITE

ngiewood type

UNDIFFERENTIATE

IGNEOUS

Xa XKEX

Mall and Express XX XxX

QUARTZ-AEGIRITE-|

PORPHYRY

S/N

bacatabaes

MLCA~-DIORITE-

PORPHYRY

TRACHYTE

CENTRAL—CITY,

Ip “

Z A r iO Ly CR ———

| ¥ ay SENY Be Kom ash cpa

s CX Ras os ae

Io} es |

MEK + ©.

4 ES LIX a i : = DIKES

; < Métalile streak pos) x2 Ay. = : . rar

i JI) BISA YEA 4 Kates 1 a + ~ aig = 4

c EWA, arctagie Hille + Sen. Sates +

} Ke iit Ree E H 4 Hea + a/e + eh OY At me

A im < Sef t+ + + +/ht — wf TONALITE

A, J 4 ene ‘ a) ets ee QP + + ++ 4 ffi 5 ZANE

UE fr Dea tp Ree +4 hes Ai 7. =e fe ys SAIN,

Z teh eb ete + 4 ee = oT iy

' ++ 4 Ke + +/A{] 6 i : = x QUARTZ-

phy. 4 $+) Me + Ses 7x 5 PORPHYRY

+ es ++ B

ve eee Port ate mS APORTLAN DHE | TT : = He = ce be zi

3 : = =

od x 3 lea IN ; > DACITE

i "| exes r=4

Anco 3

ie +

ttre &

++ tt vy,

pert i

A+ is #5

be 4

fe + + +

ees al

Uscryt + 4 3:

b+ + ‘) 4 Hy

tt Txt el

ii jd ree SMITTY

LLU a| ie Terry Peak’ 5

Buin Ga ees al t/a + [32H ive)

| NM f Write $

US ; HESwE aie Mea FEN Sunsat Lh oss pas Waton |i) U

be Mt A ies gtr oot) sanibé},

ii [EAS Alec eI Ieee 8 ea j RNG

NAIA \ 4] Del At BNE

k Leaps: 14) re S21 EL al Ath sel ie

4 ES a RSL Hae t/t y+ ENE | 4/474 as

A MITEL EH + Fi +) /\ I Fd: TEES

iA als alice LEX} Au BR Sipewoase } S

4 Wee SAS elie Hite. So ele

atl =

@+:

ODeer Mt

ff } 4 ay i f

f ==

LAS Sf 7 Z -

6 7 eee

= Pi he =

Of £1

—

ed 5 et ee > Pe

‘PLATE VI.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Geological cross-sections taken at lines shown on the map, Plate V.

and drawn to same scale.

(320 )

WEY

Hp - =

Yfy

Yify FALE x

ly UY Lye A z

Yyf hy fy ij =>

YY ty Ley,

iy i; UY ty My rex Ae

Ay// Yy, My y Vint qs

YU fi) Tee,

i Kh ALMATY

ees ie ——— —

Ft tee eses Se

Sos

Sse

as mes See a ae ae OS

‘ *

———

MET

SSS SS

— Se ™”Te

A i AN OS RO oA AR Rt TI ine yim atm Ca

PLATE VII.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Specimen of micaceous slate taken from the De Smet Cut, showing

slaty cleavage cutting the original sedimentation planes. Actual

size of specimen about six by five inches.

See page 197.

(322)

ANINALSioNe 32 ACAD: (SCE VOLE. XIE PLATE VII.

PLATE VIII.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Upper sandstones and shales of the Cambrian formation as seen

from Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri R. R.

See page 200.

( 324 )

TIA FLV Id GSC AON ISIS INN A INE SS IIANUNEN.

J teat

a a vn ah wma

Soe ee

PLATE TX.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Platy cleavage in phonolite. Sugar Loaf Hill laccolite.

See page 211.

( 326 )

RIA E EXe

VOL. XII.

ACAD. SCI.

ANNALS N.

PLATE X.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Ragged Top and Elk Mountains as seen from Crown Hill. Ragged

Top is the low lying hill to the right, Elk Mountain is the higher

and more sharply pointed hill to the left.

See page 212. ~

(328 )

TIX

“IOA

IO$

aVOV

STVNNV

BIS) Ok

( 329 )

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., XII, April 3, 1900—21.

PATE Xa:

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Fig. 1.—Near view of the western end of Ragged Top Mountain.

See page 213.

Fig. 2.—Ragged Top Mountain. as seen from the top of Elk

Mountain.

See page 213.

( 330 )

PLATE XI.

VOL. XII.

ANNALS N. Y, ACAD. SCI.

PLATE XII.

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Fig. 1.—View of the southwestern side of Ragged Top Mountain,

showing. the upturned strata on the west.

See page 214.

Fig. 2.—Tracing made from figure 1 to show the relation of the

upturned limestone to the phonolite of Ragged Top Mountain.

See page 214.

(332)

sntvt B4I70NOHG 4,

J \ A) SE ——— ose

eo SONS Wn a W ee

BREN Wr a ee War 2 bas ae eee

Shs VW ia Ty a oe We GEE ag ee ae Sava BNOATIWIT

; ANE \ \s \s| 1) / in =, aay Wi! YW flr a MLB

\ 114 ul ; Z af, Zs YP, :

\\y if —) “N=

nee

BALMONOHGd

IX ALVId DOG WOW NOS COIN Ay SING SI ININIYS

PLATE: Xae

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

Model of Ragged Top Mountain and vicinity to show uSkeWias of

. intrusions to geological formations.

( 334 )

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCI. VOL, XII. PAVE xe luiile

Cambro Quartz Qtz

Silurian Phono- A®girite Carb. Por, t: Mica-andesite.

lite Porphyry :

PLATE XIV.

BLACK HILLS GEOIOGY.

Wall of quartz-egirite-porphyry along the Burlington and Mis-

souri River R. R. to the southwest of Terry Station.

See page 252.

( 336 )

‘AIX ALVId Tix AON slOS) ‘GvVoVe cy -No sav NNY,

PLATE XV:

BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY.

A very irregular intrusion of porphyry in the thin-bedded shales of

the Cambrian, on the Burlington and Missouri River R. R. near

Portland.

See page 236.

(338 )

‘AX ALVId TIX “IOA ‘IOS ‘GVOV ‘A 'N SIVNNV

i | <

P a U ge oe arn rid Vigil

lis n (rane a en ‘ial |

By or he Pn

PAGE evale

BLACK ‘HILLS GEOLOGY.

Quartz porphyry from White-Tail Gulch showing ‘‘schlieren’’ or

flow lines of more finely grained material.

See page 280.

(340 )

PLATE XVI.

WOE, SGU.

ACAD, SCI.

ANNALS N.

[ANNALS N.Y. Acap. Sct., Vol. XII, No. 10, pp. 341 to 478, April 3, 1909. ]

tie POsSIMIONS AND EROPRER= MOMIONS

OF THE

JUNC desde SUAS

IN THE

CLUSTER OF COMA BERENICES

As DrEpUCED FROM MEASUREMENTS OF THE RUTHERFURD

PHOTOGRAPHS.

Winn RO Cy KE Zz. br)?

(Read April 10, 1899.)

CONTENTS.

Part I.—CATALOGUES.

§ PAGE

I. CATALOGUES AND WEIGHTS.

Introd wetion (isco hicca dees beanies cee aoe Ae eee SSE RR OR ee Oe eee eee eer aet ee eee 343

Listof Catalogues ..42..c4.0%s0sesisesesieinssicadels deneacepeecneseebecsesceme cece eee seenee 344

Weights ioc iicsddbee at beeeeane diese dene ele dela su caae Mee atiets eta neeteye SNe as He ae et eae ea 350

Il. METHOD OF REDUCTION.

PreCeSSion 2s. o deck hictcstee das hatcie soot ea eR SOC ee eee Tee OTE S Ee eee 352

Proper: Motion: .incdsse slanted aces catee tame secceee en cero eee eee Eee eee eee 354

Systematic Corrections .Jsetseccsss tenes ben secon eee see os eee nee eee eeeee eee eee tree 357

Formule, for -Adjustnientss.caeas-04. caceetee eee ee eae cect acte ee eae eens 362

III. TABLES AND RESULTS.

Star- Tables. 322s cee a2 eC ag ee ee 367

Catalogue of Results. ..siacc chard seo aseaset Seen aee Tecan meer eeecee teen eee 394

Part I].—PHOTOGRAPHS.

I. THE PLATES: DESCRIPTION AND MEASUREMENT.

Deseription, -:227 desi susisees cased ene ouen meee ee en lceiiS Sctee ia cle arene ae ee eRe eee 398

Measurement 22.2 ccnctigienece ance senee ieee eee ee aoe See ee eee ence eee ere 400

Il. INSTRUMENTAT, CORRECTIONS

Division Errors’ 3) aistssnce ees cece oe eee ceee Sata Seed a MSR eebae Sener 421

Corrections for Runs and: Screw, Errors ces eh eeeccareceee eee ee eee 422

Measured Codrdinates and Rotation Errors ........-..s..cceseeeeceecnceccernceees 427

Scale-value Corrections, Projection Errors, and Deviation of the Cylinder

from. Straightmess oscil. ccnmaesn eee eee eee RRC EEE 429

Ill. METHOD OF REDUCTION.

Transformation! Corrections ay. aust. essa. eee eee eee 438

Refraction Corrections’. sassuncawoncsacwe coe eae ee oe ee eee eee eee 444

Precession, Nutation and -Alberrationse:.s.seeecseececescecee cee eee eee 448

Constants: ofthe ‘Plates < 5c 25 6cs3is a ces sa eset ee eee 449

1V. RESULTS. :

Constants 0045. eecec pases cow salacious craiawslcis Cees Saree Cae ee eer 456

Prue Scale sales jec cc ceeceas oke twos hae ace oe eee eee nee 459

separate Results: oon. io ccscsacvsseossedersiccwsie se aee ee tee Re ee eRe Eee ner en cee eeerer 461

Catalogue of Results so. 5.5... 220. dvecdenascudec hitecceh eee eee neeee REE etcetera 476

(2)

ARIE Jk

CATALOGUE OSEMONS OF ine

S) AUN IDAR ID) SDAIN:

I. Catalogues and Weights.

For the reduction of stellar photographs it is necessary that

the positions of certain stars on the plate be known as accu-

rately as possible. Such stars are designated in the following as

standards. When I undertook the measurement and reduction

of the Rutherfurd Photographs of the Cluster in Coma Berenices,

the problem arose to determine such standards. ;

There was no sufficiently accurate set of meridian observa-

tions available. Chase’s triangulation of the cluster, made at

the Yale Observatory, 1891-1892,' includes a number of my

stars, and these I might have used as standards. But results

obtained by the heliometer are not always reliable ; that is to say,

although the relative positions are in general very accurate, the

group as a whole may show a large systematic error. This was

to be feared in the present case, as the absolute positions of the

stars of the cluster were made to depend ultimately on but two

points, determined by meridian observations. Aside from this

consideration, Chase gives a very good authority from which to

obtain the proper motions of those stars common both to his

work and to the Rutherfurd photographs. Motion of the group

as a whole would, however, be eliminated, were his star places

1«« Triangulation of the Principal Stars of the Cluster in Coma Berenices,’’ by

Frederic L. Chase. Transactions of the Astronomical Observatory of Yale Univer-

sity. Referred to as Chase.

(3)

344 KRETZ,

employed in the reduction of the plate-measurements. I de-

cided, therefore, to obtain the positions of as many stars as pos-

sible from all the catalogues available to me, and to use these

as standards, that being the method commonly regarded as

leading to the most accurate results. How this assumption was

borne out in the progress of the work will be shown later (Part

II, Sect. IV). The list of catalogues examined includes all

that may claim any confidence mentioned in Knobel’s memoir,’

besides all important modern ones, and I have attempted to

make it practically complete. Twelve stars were thus found

sufficiently well determined to warrant their reduction. One of

these was subsequently rejected as standard, the remaining

eleven being finally retained. I shall give, however, a record

of all observations of stars in my.zone which I found in the

catalogues.

List of Catalogues Used.—Of the catalogues examined, the

following contained observations of stars present on the plates :_

(1) BRADLEY, 1755. Neue Reduction des Brad-

ley’schen Beobachtungen aus den Jahren 1750 bis 1762

von Arthur Auwers. St. Petersburg, 1888.

(2) PIAZZI, 1800. Precipuarum Stellarum inerran-

tium Positiones Mediz * * * ex observationibus habitis

* * * ab anno 1792 ad annum 1813. Panormi, 1814.

The dates were obtained from the original observations in the

Storia Celeste ; they are however very doubtful, as in almost every

case more observations were found than agreed with the number

given in the catalogue, with no way to determine which were ex-

cluded from the final reduction. The mean date of all observations

was therefore taken ; butin assigning weights the argument used was

the number of observations as given in the catalogue.

(3) LALANDE, 1800. Histoire Celeste” Pirangaise;

Rome sbaris 7 1oOn.

Baily’s ‘‘ Lalande,’’ published by the British Association in 1847,

was used only as an index to the zone observations, which were re-

1 Knobel, ‘* The Chronology of Star Catalogues,’’ in Memoirs of the Royal Ast.

SOG. yVOlo 43s perks

(4)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 345

duced to 1800 by Von Asten’s ‘‘ Neue Hiilfstafeln zur Reduction der in

der Histoire Céleste enthaltenen Beobachtungen,’’ Vierteljahrsschrift

der Astronomischen Gesellschaft, appendix to Vol. 4. Account was

taken of the errata published in the introduction to the Paris cata-

logues, by Peters, and by others.

(4) D’AGELET, 1800. Reduction of the Observations

Ol bixedy Stars made by Joseph) Repaute d7Agelet = > *

with a catalogue * * * by B. A. Gould. Washington, 1866.

The mean of the separate observations given in the catalogue was

used.

(5) BESSEL, 1825. Astronomische Beobachtungen

auf der Koniglichen Universitats-Sternwarte zu Konigsberg,

for the years 1821 to 1833.

Weisse’s Catalogue of Bessel’s Northern Zones was used only as

index to the original observations, which were reduced anew by the aid

of Luther’s tables in ‘‘ Astronomishe Beobachtungen auf der Koénig-

lichen Universitats-Sternwarte zu Konigsberg,’’ Abt. 37, 2‘ Teil.

An explanation of the necessary formule there given, which are

similar to those in use with Von Asten’s tables, will be found in Arge-

lander’s Bonner Beobachtungen, Vol. I, p. xxxvi. Account was taken

of the errata to the zones recorded in Part I of the volume containing

Luther’s paper. The star numbers in the Tables, Sect. III of the

present paper, are those of Weisse’s catalogue.

(6) STRUVE, 1830. Stellarum Fixarum * * * Positiones

Mediz pro epocha 1830 * * * ex observationibus * * *

annis 1822 ad 1843. Petropoli, 1852.

Positions were taken from the ‘‘ Catalogus Generalis’’ beginning

on page 235, and the mean date was used as there given in column

nine, unless a B was found in that column. This means that a

certain proper motion, deduced from comparisons with Bradley, was

included in the reduction, but as its value is not given, it was

deemed best, in such cases, to take the star’s position directly from

a ‘‘Catalogus Specialis’’ inthe preceding part of the volume. Refer-

ence to the page will in general be found in column eleven of the

‘‘Catalogus Generalis.’’ The ‘‘ Correctiones Ultimz’’ given on pp.

360 ff. were not applied in such cases.

G) LOND: aisgore A Catalosue voter tia i Stars) a) a) «

from Observations made at * * * Greenwich from the years

LOO CO nessa | London S33:

(5)

ANNALS N. Y. Acan. Sci., XII, Feb. 12, 1900—22.

346

KRETZ.

The mean date of observation is not given in the catalogue. It

was obtained from the original records, published in the ‘‘ Annual

Results of Observations at Greenwich.’’ All observations of small

stars were made in the years 1830 to 1833 incl. ; those of principal

stars in right ascension from 1816 to 1833, and in north polar dis-

tance from 1826 to 1833. There are, in general, two observations

in N. P. D. for each day, one with each of the two mural circles.

For one star (No. 501, decl.), more observations were found in the

annual results than are counted in the catalogue ; the same rule with

regard to the weight and the mean date was followed in this case as

in that of Piazzi.

(8) TAYLOR, 1835: A General Catalogue) of we

Principal Fixed Stars from Observations made * * * at

Madras in the years 1830 to 1843. Madras, 1844.

The mean date is not given. It was obtained from the original

records in Vol’s 1 to 5 of the Madras observations in a manner simi-

lar to that explained by Argelander on pp. 18 and 19 of Vol. VII,

Bonner Beobachtungen ; remembering however, that according to

the introduction to Vol. 3, the transit instrument was down from

1834 March 6th to 1835 Jan. 31st, and that Taylor was absent in

England in the years 1840 and 1841. Account was also taken of the

fact that the constellation Coma Berenices comes to the meridian

before midnight in the early part of the year. The star numbers as

printed in this paper were corrected according to the errata, pp. 6-8,

of the catalogue.

(9) RUMKER, 1836. Mittlere Oerter von 12,000 Fix-

sternen * * * aus den Beobachtungen auf der Hamburger

Sternwarte * * * Hamburg, 1852.

The mean date was taken as 1841, in accordance with the note

given by Schorr in his ‘‘ Bemerkungen zu Carl Riimkers Sterncata-

logen,’’ Mitteilungen der Hamburger Sternwarte, No. 3, p. 6.

(10) ROBINSON, 1840. Places of 5,345 Stars observed

from 1828 to 1854 at the Armagh Observatory. Dublin,

18509.

The mean date was obtained from the record of the separate ob-

servations printed in the first part of the volume.

(11) GILLISS, 1840. Catalogue of 1248 Stars ob-

served at Washington between October, 1838 and July,

1842 * * * Washington, 1846.

The mean date was obtained from the annual results given in the

same volume.

(6)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 347

(12) PARIS,, 1845. Catalogue de l’Observatoire de

Paris. Etoiles observées aux Instruments Méridiens de

TOs 7 ales. OV O73, katisil Soo:

(13) JACOB, 1850. A Subsidiary Catalogue of 1440

Stars * * * from observations made at Madras in the years

1849-1853. Madras, 1854.

Positions from this catalogue were kindly furnished in manuscript

by Prof. Pickering.

(14) WROTTESLEY, 1850. A Catalogue of the

Right Ascensions of 1009 Stars; in Mem. Roy. Astr. So-

Cielya Ole Spy 1. ys eondontmros4

Gs )e Ser AIK. 1350n0e) Catalooie of 1576. Stars

formed from the observations made during Six Years, from

LOACutOn MS 5 oucten 1s Greenwich Wwondon. Tos:

(16) POULKOVA, 1855. Positions Moyennes_ dé-

duites des observations faites * * * 1840-1869. Obser-

vations de Poulkova, Vol. VIII. St. Pétersbourg, 18809.

The number of observations is not given inthe catalogue. It was

obtained from the Vols. VI and VII of the ‘‘ Observations de Poul-

kova.’’

(17) ARGELANDER, 1855. Mittlere Oerter von

22 oe stemensapeeletted -ausyden 49+ Minden Jahren

1845-1862 angestellten Beobachtungen. Bonn, 1867.

(18) SEVEN-YEAR, 1860. Seven-Year Catalogue of

2,022 Stars deduced from Observations extending from

LO 54 LOmOOOmt it Greenwich. sWondon, (1 SoA:

(19) PAKIS,, 1860. Catalogue de |’Observatoire de

Paris. Etoiles observees aux Instruments Meéridiens de

NO SAN MOOZa a Nioly ah ikaris, loQo:

(20) YARNALL, 1860. Catalogue of Stars observed —

at the United States Naval Observatory during the years

LOAS tO Noy lind edition revised. +9 by Protessor,

Edward Frisby. Washington, 1889.

Ci) DiNUyGa IIb SYa1so5, 1) Catalosue de “10,702

ioilles; ODseiuecs) iia Gem S57ra 1876 (m5 par brmest

@uctelee | Bruxellesws37,

The catalogue itself does not include positions of the fundamental

(7)

348

KRETZ.

stars determined at this observatory. They are given in a separate

list on pp. xv ff. of the same volume. None of my stars was

found among them.

(22) SAFFORD, 1865. Observations in Right eAc

cension of 505 Stars, being Vol. IV, Pt. II of the Annals of

Harvard College Observatory. Cambridge, 1878.

The positions as used were taken from pp. 30-108, where they are

given uncorrected for proper motion, and, in the case of ephemeris

stars, with certain periodic terms neglected (cf. Introd., p. ix). They

are repeated, with these corrections applied, in the General Catalogue

on pp. 109-120. In each case, however, the amount of the correc-

tion, with its proper sign, is set down in column g, under the head

Aa (Introd. p. xv).

(23) NINE-YEAR, 1872. Nine-Year Catalogue of

2,263 Stars deduced from observations extending from 1868

to 1876, made at * * * Greenwich. (No date, Appendix

to Observations for 1876.)

(24) DREYER, 1875. Second Armagh Catalogue of

3,300 stars * * * from observations * * * during the years

[659 t0 18930) Gann Dublinggtaco:

(25) ROMBERG, 1875. Catalog von 5,634 Sternen

aus den Beobachtungen am Pulkowaer Meridiankreise

wahrend der Jahre 1874-1880 * * * St. Petersburg, 1891.

(26) PARIS,, 1875. Catalogue de lObservatoire de

Paris. Etoiles observées aux Instruments Méridiens de

TLSOSta TSS. Voli2 haniswlooo:

Catalogues no. (12), (19), and (26) appear as one work of four

volumes, each volume embracing six-hours of right ascension for all

of the three epochs, 1845, 60, and’75. ‘The three corresponding

quantities for each star will always be found together on the same line.

(27) ROGERS) 1875. ‘Catalogue of sige motansmen-

served during the years 1870 to 1879, being Vol. XV,

Part I of the Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of

Harvard College. Cambridge, 1886.

(28) RESPIGHI, 1875. Catalogo delle Declinazioni

medie=* * * di 1463 Stelle compresesirasiparalleliszocre

64> nord! *)* “inv Vol VIII, Serrsexealer Accademia

dei Lincei, 1879-80. Roma, 1880.

(8)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. d49

(29) CATALOG DER ASTRONOMISCHEN GE-

SELLSCHAFT, Zone IX. Catalogue of 14,464 Stars be-

tween 24°15’ and 30°57’ North Declination, 1855 * * * by

A. Graham. Leipzig, 1897.

(30) TEN-YEAR, 1880. Ten-Year Catalogue of 4,059

Stars deduced from observations extending from 1877 to

Mooolat +) “~ Greenwich, Wondons 1330:

Annual results reduced to the beginning of the year of ob-

servation, but as yet uncombined to form larger catalogues, were

used in exactly the same manner as were the preceding works.

The following series were found to contain observations of my

Stats. 3

(3) ACiNMUS SIDE Ne WEIR IES IRIS SIUIE GIS, iso

1869. Astronomical observations made at the Observatory

of Cambridge in the years 1836 to 1869.

The stars in these lists are not numbered. The mean date was

obtained from the separate results preceding the Catalogue. The

same remarks apply to no. (32).

Go) cE DINBU NGL Vi NW Ve RS SUE Sy 1s40—

1886. Astronomical Observations made at the Royal Ob-

servatory, Edinburgh, from 1840 to 1886.

Observations were taken at Edinburgh previous to 1840 by Hen-

derson. They were reduced under his direction, while those taken

after 1840 were reduced by C. P. Smyth. The earlier set being en-

titled to higher weight than the latter, I have not grouped them both

under one heading. None of my stars was found in the earlier se-

ries. The Catalogue compiled from all of these observations by

Smyth, under the title ‘‘Star Catalogue, Discussion, and Ephemeris

from 1830 to 1890’ was used only as index to the yearly records.

(33) RADCLIFFE YEARLY RESULTS, 1862-1879.

Results of Astronomical Observations made at the Rad-

cliffe Observatory in the years 1862 to 1879.

No observations of stars were made in 1877, ’78, and ’79.

(G4) VME MDIOA Sr Gry Vee SUIeiS! | 1802—1882.

Results of Observations of the fixed stars made at Madras

in the years 1862 to 1882 inclusive, under the direction of

_N. R. Pogson.

(9)

350 KRETZ.

(35) GREENWICH YEARLY RESULTS, 13887 to

1894. Results of the Astronomical Observations made at the

Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in the years 1887 to 1894.

The Greenwich Five-Year Catalogue includes some of these obser-

vations ; but the greater part of them are notas yet combined. Such

’

of my stars as were found in this series were of the latter number,

Weights: On the preceding pages I have detailed the cata-

logues used in the present paper. The observations are, of

course, not all of the same standard of excellence. Weights

were assigned depending approximately on the probable error

of a position as given in a catalogue, the probable error of an

observation of unit weight being taken arbitrarily as 0!’.4 of arc

of a great circle. A table of weights was constructed on this

basis by Dr. Davis when engaged in a research similar to the

present one, and is printed in his memoir on the subject.’ To it

I refer. It must be remembered, however, in regard to the An-

nual Results, that I have regarded the observations of each year

as forming a separate catalogue, and have weighted them as

such, whereas Dr. Davis first reduced them all to 1875, and then

assigned a weight to the mean depending on the total number

of observations taken at the observatory in question. In all

other respects the table was used exactly as there explained.

A few of the catalogues used by me are not included in

this list. They follow, together with the number of the star

or stars, the corresponding number of observations, and the

assigned weight. The figures in brackets refer to the preceding

list of catalogues.

(11) GILLISS, 1840) Star ne: 605, Tiobs), wt oom

Star ino! 608) 1 3/0bSswits—s1-0:

(14) WROTTESLEY, 1850. Starno. 447,55 obs., wt. = 0.5.

(22) SAFFORD, 1865. Starnos 19457, obs > wt 1250:

Star no. 195, 6 obs., wt. = 2.0.

1« Declinations and Proper -Motions of Fifty-Six Stars;’? by Herman S. Davis,

Ph.D. Memoir I, of the N. Y. Academy of Sciences. Referred to as Davis. The

table of weights will be found on pp. 14 to 18.

(10)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 351

For (17) ARGELANDER, 1855, the same weights ,were

used as are given for Oeltzen-Argelander in Dazis.

The same table was assumed to apply to both right

ascensions and declinations. This has been the generally

accepted method: but my results indicate that it is not

always correct. On the whole, the residuals are larger in

right ascension than in declination. Especially is this the

case with the older catalogues. 1 have compared the prob-

able errors in the two coordinates obtained from the eight

published zones of the A. G. C. (that being my standard

of weight) and find a difference, which, though slight, is in

the direction mentioned. A separate table of weights to be

used for right ascensions would therefore be desirable. For my

purpose, I have not deemed the additional accuracy obtained

thereby sufficient to compensate for the labor involved.

(11)

II. Method of Reduction.

Precession.—The epoch selected was 1875, that being very

near the mean of the dates at which the plates were taken.

The precession factors were computed by Professo1 Hill’s for-

mulz as given in the “Star Tables of the American Ephemeris,”

Wash., 1869, pp. xviii, xix. The constants used were those of

Peters and Struve, being, for 1800

m= 3° .07082-+ 8,000 018997

7” = 20/7,0607 —//’,000 0863¢.

Introducing these values in Hill’s formule, we obtain for 1875,

the numbers in brackets denoting logarithms :

= 38.07225 + [0.126115] sina tand + u

ia [1.302206] cos a + pu’

aa ‘da

Wz [4.63380, — 10] (F ws “)

+ [5.98778 — 10] (GZ + “) cos a tan d

a :

-- [4.81169 — Io] G — 2) sin a sec? d

+ [4.9866 — 10] pp’ tan d

-++ 0.8000 032 210

a 2d ao

= [4.63380, — Io] ‘€ a ’)

+[7.16387n— 10) ( 7 + 1) sin a

+ [6.7367 — 10] pu? sin 20.

The third term, both in right ascension and in declination, was

taken from Kloock’s ‘ Zafeln der Praecession,’ that being

(12)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 308

sufficiently accurate on account of the small value of the proper

motion for all of my stars.

In the above formula, a, 4, d and yp’ denote respectively the

right ascension and corresponding proper motion and the dec-

lination and corresponding proper motion for 1875. In calcu-

lating the constants, the right ascensions and declinations were

taken uniformly from the Astronomische Gesellschaft Catalog,

Zone [X ; the proper motions either from Auwers’ “‘Veue Reduc-

tion der Bradley schen Beobachtungen”’ or from Safford’s “ Cata-

logue of Mean Declination of 2,018 Stars.”

If now we put

L ey pee 1025 Vie ge < +t X 108

l dats

and let

T = the epoch of any catalogue, and

27, O,=the right ascension and declination as there given,

then will

= (eR 2 8 _7 3

eg See RESO) ee +P(+ pe )

200 I0O

a pe (eS LP ey = NG

bigs = Sr +L (1875 — 7) + M—EBR AY 4 (PP)

as is evident at once when we remember that the above expres-

sions are the first few terms of the expansion by Taylor’s for-

mula of a and 0, thus

aa x @a @3a

o=a+(y t+4( Ga e+ (Ga a4...

and similarly for 0. Here a, is the right ascension at the epoch

for which the precession is to be computed, 1875 in the present

case, and ¢ is the interval from this epoch to the epoch of a.

For dates later than 1875, ¢is plus; for those earlier, it is min-

us. Hence, transposing a, to the first, and @ to the second

member, changing the signs and introducing the previous nota-

tion, we obtain the series in the form given above.

(18 )

354 KRETZ.

The coefficients of /, K and P, denoted respectively by U, P,

and W, depend only on the time, and may be tabulated. This

is here done for’ the epochs used by me. Signs at the top are

for the dates at the left of the table; signs at the bottom are for

dates at the right.

Proper Motion.—Some catalogues take account of the proper

motion in reducing from apparent to mean place. Ass its value,

however, in general differs from that assumed in the present

paper, a correction to eliminate its effect must be introduced. p *

being the proper motion as assumed by me, py’ that used in the

catalogue under consideration, and 7 and ¢, as usual, the epoch of

reduction and the epoch of the catalogue respectively, we have

Correction for erroneous 72 = (7—?)(u—wp’),

which becomes, for 4’ = o

(T—#)u.;

It is not always plain whether a certain catalogue uses pro-

per motion in the reduction to mean place or not. I subjoin

(14)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 359

the conclusion at which I arrived in each special case, and in ac-

cordance with which the correction was applied in the succeed-

ing calculations. The numbers refer to the catalogues detailed

li SEG.

(1) The proper motion given is used in the reduction.

See pp. 18 and 20 of the introduction.

(2), (3), (4), (5) These do not take account of proper mo-

tion. In (3) and (5) it is not mentioned; in the case of (4)

see Introd., p. 26, § 11; and for (2) see Argelander’s Bonner

Beobachtungen, Vol. VII, p. Io.

(6) No proper motion is applied unless a & is found in the

column headed ‘‘ Epocha Media.” Its value, although not

given, may be obtained from the value for Str.— Bradley,

givenipp. 299 th See Introd:; p, Uxxx:

(7) Pond uses the A. S. C. constants and no proper mo-

tion unless therein included. Such cases are marked by an

asterisk in the column of precessions, the same as in the

volumes from which the constants are copied.

(8) Proper motions greater than o’’.5 are always, and those

greater than 0’’.25 are sometimes included in the reduction.

Smaller values are always neglected. Introd., p. 2.

(9) No statesnent. Proper motion is probably not taken

into account. 3

(10) According to Introd., p. xxviii, proper motion is not

used in the reductions.

(11) Proper motion is neglected in reducing the observa-

tions to the beginning of the year, except where included in

the A. S. C. constants (Introd., p. xxiv); but in combin-

ing the separate annual results into a general catalogue, it is

taken into account (p. 595, ‘Column 6”) whenever its value

is given.

(@2)Seei(26);

(13) This catalogue does not take account of proper mo-

tion. As it was not accessible to me, I could not personally

verify the above statement, which is made in accordance with

Davis, p. 28, no. 69.

(14) I could not find any definite statement bearing on

(15)

356 KRETZ.

the point in question. It seems, however, that proper mo-

tion is not used. Cf. Introd., pp. 15-17.

(15) The same notes apply to this catalogue as to no.

(11), except in the case of N. A. stars, when the proper mo-

tion is taken into account. See Introd., p. iv; also Twelve-

Year Catalogue, pp. vil and ix, and Seven-Year Catalogue for

1860, pp. {vif and {x}, and Appendix.

(16) No statement is made in the introduction to Vol.

VIII of the ‘‘ Observations de Poulkova,’’ which contains the

catalogue. Backlund, however, in an article designed origin-

ally to form the preface to the catalogue, but afterwards pub-

lished in the Memoirs of the St. Petersburg Imperial Acad-

emy, states, that proper motion was used when given either

by Auwers in his ‘“‘ Bradley” or by Argelander in his ‘‘ 250

Stars with Proper Motions.’ Backlund superintended most

of the computations. Loc. cit., Vol. 34, no. 7, p. 4.

(17) Proper motion seems to be neglected. No mention

of this matter is made in the introduction.

_) Proper motion is used in the reductions. See Intro-

duction, pp. {vi? and {x .

(19) 2 See1(26)):

(20), (21) Both catalogues neglect proper motion. See

(20) Introd., p. xxiv; (21) Introd., p. xm.

(22) See the remarks on this catalogue in Sec. I of the

present paper.

(23) Proper motion is used. See Introd., p. 4.

(24) This catalogue does not take account of proper mo-

tion: Ci Introd puis:

(25) The proper motion as given is included in the reduc-

tions. See Introd., p. (12).

(26), (12), and (19) According to p. [2] of Vol. I, proper

motion is always neglected.

(27) Account is taken of the proper motion whenever

given: vintrods)p: vil 2

(28) Proper motion is included in the annual variation for

each star given in this catalogue. Its value, although not

set down, may be obtained by subtracting the corresponding

(16)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 357

geometric precession from that quantity. The original author-

ity for the proper motions of all others than fundamental stars

nS tae 18, vas (Cosy See Oy dey,

(29) Proper motion is not used.

(30) As in the other Greenwich catalogues, proper motion

is employed in the reductions. See Introd., p. 4.

In the case of the Annual Results, proper motion has a very

slight effect as it is always used for a fraction of a year only, and

is therefore rather unimportant. I found, however, the following :

31) The Cambridge Annuals. Proper motion is not ta-

ken into account, except for Nautical Almanac Stars when

included in the annual variations there given.

(32) The Edinburgh Annuals, up to the publication of the

B. A. C. in the year 1845, were reduced by means of the A.

S. C. and Nautical Almanac constants, using proper motion

only if therein included. After that, however, the B. A. C.

values, both of precession and proper motion, were always

used, if possible, for stars not given in the N. A.

(33) The Radcliffe Annuals do not use proper motion.

For Nautical Almanac Stars it is, however, generally included

in the precessions ; these are marked with an asterisk in such

cases.

(34) The Madras Annuals do not use proper motion.

(35) The Greenwich Annuals employ proper motion in

the reduction to mean place.

Systematic Corrections.—The system used throughout was

that of the “ /undamental-Catalog der Astronomischen Gesell-

schaft.’’ Corrections to reduce the catalogue positions to this

standard are given by Auwers in the Astronomische Nach-

richten nos. 3195-96, and 3413-14. A number of lists of stars,

notably annual results, are not mentioned in these papers, how-

ever. For such cases it was generally possible to obtain values

of the corrections to the declinations from Boss, “Report on the

Declination of Stars, etc.,’ pp. 579 ff. They were reduced from

his ‘‘mean system’ to the A. G. C. system by the aid of the

(17)

358 KRETZ.

formule and table following, which I reproduce from Dr. Da-

vis’ memoir :

To Boss’ value add the quantity

m+ K ( 7— 1883) when 7< 1866

m+ K’( T— 1883) when 7 > 1866.

Here

m—A. G. C.— Boss (good for 1883)

and is obtained from the Berlin Jahrbuch, 1884, Appendix.

Kand KX’ are the annual variations of 7% computed as shown

in the table, p. 359, in which we assume 40, = o.

There still remained a number of cases to be treated, how-

ever, chiefly right ascensions, for Boss gives corrections to the

declinations only. For all of these I deduced corrections by

direct comparison with some suitable catalogue whose system

was well known. The labor was greatly simplified by the fact,

that no account had to be taken of change in right ascension or

in declination, as my stars are all situated within a few degrees of

each other. The rule laid down was to compare as many stars

as possible (usually about 12) within not more than one hour

in right ascension, and five degrees in declination on either side

of the center of my plate. Systematic corrections were thus

deduced for the following catalogues:

Bessel ((§) of Sect. I), Zones 464 and 503.—Auwers, in his

zone of the A. G. C., gives corrections to all those of Bessel’s

zones which fall within the limits of his catalogue. He shows

that they consist of two parts, a systematic one, depending on

the constants used in the reductions, and one due purely to ac-

cidental causes. Luther’s tables fail to eliminate the latter class.

Without attempting to distinguish between them, I deduced the

total amount by direct comparison with the A. G. C., correcting

for proper motion whenever that was possible. I find thus :

A. G. C.—Bessel, Zone 464 (ina) = + 08.190

in 0) = — 3”.60

ce 6e ia ce

ce oe 6 ce

(

A. G. C.—Bessel, Zone 503 (ina) = -+ 0%.122

(in 0) = + 37.15

(18)

Ege1-SSer =

ater ae LY, PUG SUUIHTOD Surpaooid om} ay} JO Uva Oy) SI_y

1u——. =

*ployes “FT “J, tossajorg Aq

SUAMNAY pur ssog jo suonouw ssdoid ay} Jo uosieduios yooup Aq poonpap uoleuva [enuue oyeurxoidde uv si styf[-—'z ALON

Eggi-ofgr _ Eggi-Ezgr

‘oq Avul asvo 9y] sv —— Jo -©°-—_°— saats uuinjoo sty, ——-‘I ALO

q i : I ALE N

STARS IN COMA BERENICES.

ul——9 u—D

6zoo" — gf1o° -+ | gz1o° + | 6hro: + Nore eaecone 60 | £g° — | S6:0— G1

vooo: + | Zvi1o° + | €L410° + | go. — | Lor — | L6° — z6° — | Io°I— 0%

oSoo* -++ | zbro’ + | giro" + | ggio’ + | 10° + | ¢1° — | gg: — | 1g¢° — | $6: — cz

oo1o’ + | ZSi0° + sone | Gee de | Gi ae = | oes of

€vio’ + | Zoro’ + |} PZio’ + | ogio° + | br: + | gz — |} IL° — 69° — zl — GE

1z10° + | 1zro° + | gzto: + | Grr + | 61° — | £S-0o— |, zs: — | 4S: — |[oS:.—]| oF a

| Mu for)

1900° + | €Goo: + | ¢Soo- -++ | €Soo: + | Gx: + | zo: — Zi’ — | Ce: — | 6% — | 10° 4+ | , Sb SS

L£Soo: + | 6£oo0* + | gzoo* + | yx + | Co: — yOu —" | (cos ——= | pa F002 4/0

goo’ ++ | Szoo* + | oSoo* ++ | oo00- + | go: + | 10° + go° + | 90° + | go’ + | go: + cS

6£00' — | 1000: — €zoo" — | fo: + | Sxr° + gr + | gr == | ere => | gre =e 09

bg00'0— | gzoo'o— | 1100'°0— | Shoo'o— | €or0+ | 1270+ of o+ | Szo+ | gzo+ | gfo+ | .S9

LA 4 1 7 1 A

mI M We 2 q eB ofgi ofgt oIgl

gsi Sgt ‘C ALON | “I FLON Eggi a28t ofgl €zg1 oqy BANS | “WOOT

0} 9981 0} OIgI (siamny )| Baoy[nog nines

f : a sates E if te eT Ne ee Q

Io} Ioj

‘NOILVIUVA IVONNY ssog—9) ‘D'V ssog—9 'D'‘V

‘a1av |

YS I PE ER EE SEE IE REE EE EEE SE LE ERE IE LE EES LIT TENS

360 KRETZ.

Cambridge Annuals (31).—Observations in right ascension

of my stars were taken in the years 1842, “44, ‘45 and/*47:

Corrections to the years 1842 and 1845 were obtained by di-

rect comparison with Struve’s “ Positiones Mediae.”’ During

1844 and 1847 not enough stars were observed in the zone

selected by me to warrant a comparison with Struve. For

1844 I accordingly assumed the same corrections as for 1845,

and for 1847, zero was used, as no other value was procurable.

Corrections to the declinations are given by Boss. My inves-

tigations give, for the right ascensions :

A. G, C,—Cambridge 1842 — — 08.075

A. G. C.—Cambridge 1845 — + 0°.147

Edinburgh Annuals (32).—Boss, who gives corrections to the

declinations, divides this series into several groups, of which

the following include the dates of observation of my stars:

1854-1860, 1861-1864, 1865-1869. Corrections were com-

puted by comparison with the A. G. C. for the years 1856,

1864, and 1868, being one year ineach group. Two stars were

observed in 1842, and for this. year a correction was deduced

by comparison with the new Seven-Year Catalogue. The re-

ductions were always made including proper motion if possible.

The values found were as follows :

A. G. C.—Edinb. 1842 = — 08.012

A. G. C.—Edinb. 1856 = — 08.087

A. G. C.—Edinb. 1864 — — 08.070

A. G. C.—Edinb. 1868 = — 08.042

Radcliffe Annuals (33).—Corrections to the declinations ob-

served before 1874 are given by Boss. One of my stars was

found in the volume for 1874. The correction in this case was

calculated by extrapolation from 1872 and 1873.. For the

right ascensions the usual method was followed, comparisons

being made both with the A. G. C. and with the Paris 1875.

Corrections to the observations of the years 1868, 1870 and

1871 were thus obtained. In the year 1873 not sufficient stars

were observed to make a satisfactory comparison possible. For

(20)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 361

this case, zero was therefore assumed. The results reached

were as follows :

A. G. C.—Radceliffe 1868 — + 03.033

A. G. C.—Radcliffe 1870 = — 08.071

A. G, C.—Radcliffe 1871 = — 0%.020

Greenwich Annuals (35).—The same systematic corrections

were used as are given by Auwers for the Ten-Year Catalogue.

See Jausup. 24.) noo:

A few of the catalogues deserve special notice in this connec-

tion bievs are:

(1) Auwers-bradley—No systematic corrections to this cat-

alogue have been published by the author, which indicates that

their value is zero. I have so assumed it for the two stars

found in this list. .

(4) @’ Agelet—Auwers gives systematic corrections to this

catalogue on p. 60 of his zone of the A. G. C., but applying

only within the limits of that zone. On page 30 of the intro-

duction, Gould himself gives the result of a comparison with

Piazzi. His terms are not quite clear, however. He gives cor-

rections for what he calls the first and second group, without

stating where the dividing line between the groups is situated.

I have assumed it to be at 12" in accordance with a statement

at the bottom of page 29, and find thus

Piazzi—d’ Agelet in a = + 08.079

Piazzi—d@’ Agelet in 0d = + 1”,22,

whence (A. G. C.—d’Agelet) is easily obtained.

(6) Strave.-—The same correction was assumed to apply to

the “‘ Catalogus Specialis”’ for 1824 as to the ‘‘ Catalogus Gen-

eralis’’ for 1830.

(17) Argelander.—In accordance with pp. vi and ix of the

introduction, the corrections of the Abo Catalogue reduced to

1855, as given by Auwers, were applied to my stars found in

this catalogue.

(12), (19), and (26) Paris.—The corrections given by Au-

wers for the first twelve hours of right ascension were assumed

to apply equally to the third quadrant.

ANNALS N. Y. Acab. Sci., XII, February 14, !900—23

(21)

362 KRETZ.

(20) Varnall—Corrections to this catalogue will be found in

both of Auwers’ papers. The second set was used by me.

Formule for Adjustment.—The usual methods of least-square

solution with artifices of computation analogous to those pub-

lished in Davis, pages 11 and 12, were employed. I shall de-

duce the formule for right ascension only; the discussion for

the other coordinate is entirely similar.

If we let

B,= the seconds of an observed right ascension reduced to 1875,

using an assumed value for the proper motion, and cor-

rected for systematic errors ;

t.= the date of observing B, ;

ga, = the seconds of the right ascension to be obtained from the

observations, corresponding to some fixed epoch 7) ;

4dy,=the correction to be subtracted from the assumed proper

motion ;

then evidently we should have

a — § Bi + Ay (4— %)} =09; (1)

or, if the weight of 4, be ,,

V pit —V pi Ay (4— MT) —V Ai Bi = ©. (1a)

Writing, then, 7 equations of condition of the above form, one

for each observed &,, and solving by least squares, we get the

following normals, where the square brackets as usual denote

summation :

[2] % —LA(4— 7)] AM — [22] = 0 ; (2)

—[Plé— 7) ] 4 + [A(4-—79)*] Amo + [ PB(e— Ty) —0-

By suitably selecting the epoch 7, we can greatly facilitate the

succeeding work—an artifice first employed for this kind of

work by Professor Safford.' For let us take 7, as the mean

of all the dates ¢, that is, let

[At]

1 See Safford, ‘‘ Catalogue of 2018 Stars,’’ Introd., p. 12.

(22)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 363

then will

Lae I Oh

and equations (2) become

[4] %—[A2]=0

[A(¢— %)?]44 + [AB(*— %)] =09, j 2

whence at once

—— ro with the weight [ 7]

: (4)

Ay = re ee with the weight [ p(¢— 7))?]-

If now we write

(¢—Th)=G pt—-%)=D,

ay — B == VB

and remember that

[AC(%— B)J=a[ PC] —[£C2] =—[a(t¢— %)B]

[eAGii—o}

we get finally the formule

since

7 (5)

Une

Uy = [CD] o

The probable error of an observation 2 whose weight is unity

is, by the usual formula

(= s= 45 [v7]

m—2?

the v’s being the residuals obtained by substituting the final

values of a and dy, in equation (1). Hence the probable

error of

9 at the epoc 0 VTA] ‘Tr

(6)

A ee,

OO Ven

a reduced to 1875 using Avy = Vip? + § (1875 — 75) ru}? = 75.

(23 )

364 KRETZ.

As 4y, and a, are not independently determined the correct-

ness of the last formula is not immediately evident. It is, how-

ever, easily proved. For we have

Ayg75 = % + (1875 — 7) Au,

sss eas 7) PEI

_ AF, + poe a 200 + pPnBm

[A]

[by equation (4)]

AGA, + PrOBe + -+ + pm CmBm

[CD]

— (1875 — 7))

= paycpy [41 BECP — (3875 — 70)E41 4)

+ po By ([C?] — (1875 — %)[ A] G)

and since the 4’s are independent, and the probable error of 4,

is 7, //~, we get for the probable error of Cie

71915 = cee | Am? (LCP) — (1875 — 7) 214)?

+B? (LCP] — (1875 — %)[A1G)?

oe anton | [P][CD]2—2[ CP] [A] (1875 — 7) pC]

+ LAL 2e](1875 — 7) }

=o (1875 — 70)" TCD}

= 77? + (1875 — 7)? 74?

remembering that

[pC] =o and [pC2] = [CD].

In applying the above formule to a special case, I invariably

proceeded as follows (the explanation is again confined to right

ascension ; it applies equally to declination, however) :

(24)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 365

Calculate the sums

=(p8), (pt), =(P)-

Then

f and ,’ being the remainders. Now form for each catalogue

position the quantities

(2 BV = Ce BEE Dig Gp BY)

The computations up to this point will all be checked,’ when

2~(%q—#8)=—B, 2%P(*¢— T%) = + B’.

From the expressions last obtained we easily get

¥(DE) and 3(CD)

which we check’ by the equations

3(DE) =3(pE-C)

3(CD) = 3(pC2).

Then

2 (2D)

oy 2D)

and

Hy =P — Apo,

py: being the previously assumed proper motion. Also

Ayg75 = Iq — Atty (1875 — 7)).

To obtain the probable errors, I did not, however, employ

formule (6) as they stand. For thereby the weight of each

star is placed on an independent basis, and the probable errors

form no means whereby to judge of the relative accuracy of

the final positions. For the factor 7, is not the same for all the

stars, depending, as it does, on the accidental error in each cat-

alogue as shown by the residual. We must seek a value for ~,

which will satisfy all the observations taken of all the stars, not

of one star only. Such a value is furnished by the statement

in Sec. I, “ Wercuts,”’ which reads, that the probabie error of

an observation of unit weight was arbitrarily assumed as 0’’.4

1As suggested in Davzs, page II.

(25)

366 KRETZ.

of arc of a great circle. If then we change formule (6) to

read

0//.4 0/4

CUai Ton

and, as before

"1875 — V ree + § (1875 — Zy)rph*s

we obtain probable errors which make a direct comparison pos-

sible, and which enable us to assign relative weights to the re-

sulting positions for 1875. This is what I have done through-

out, and-all probable errors are computed by the above expres-

sions. It should be mentioned here, however, that, for right

ascensions, the values obtained by the above formule must be

multiplied by sec d, in order to make them applicable to the

position of the star ; for evidently the formule give the probable

error in equatorial seconds for both coordinates. This I have

done for all of my stars, and the probable errors in right ascen-

sion found in the succeeding tables are therefore in terms of

seconds of arc of a small circle of declination passing through

the star in question.

(26)

Ii. Dables: ands Results:

Star-Tables.—On the following pages are recorded the data

from which the final positions were obtained, together with the

most important part of the calculations. The tables, when taken

in connection with the preceding sections, require little com-

ment. A few points may be mentioned, however.

The caption gives the Bonn Durchmusterung number, the

usual designation of a star, and Chase’s number ; also the pre-

cession constants, together with the right ascension and declin-

ation for 1875, and the respective assumed proper motions

used in calculating the same.

Columns 15723.) 4, 5,6 and 12) require sno; explanation:

They refer to matters treated in Sect. I of this paper.

Columns 7 to 11 are discussed in Sect. II]; column 7 under

the head ‘‘ PRopER Mortion’’; column 8 under that of ‘‘ PRECES-

SION’; and 10 under that of ‘‘ SystTEMATIC CORRECTIONS.’ Col-

Minos ther sumuof O77, and: Si) a1 bis explained by, the

heading.

Column 15 shows the residual of each observation, and 13

and 14 exhibit the computation by which these are derived.

This matter has not been treated in detail before, as I deem it

rather unimportant for the present purpose. The probable er-

ror is not made to depend on the residuals, and they are here

recorded merely to give an idea of the interagreement of the

observations ; they are nowise used in the work. The method is

sufficiently explained by the headings ; and it is plain that, if car-

ried through as shown, the desired quantities will be obtained,

remembering the form of the observation equations (equation

(1) of “ ForMUL# For ApjuSTMENT,” Sect. II).

(27)

368

Results :

KRETZ.

At the end of each table the results are shown.

They are as follows: Column 3 contains 7); 5 the total num-

ber of observations ; 6 the coordinate a, or 0, at the time 7) ;

7 the correction for Jy, to reduce these to 1875; 9 the coordi-

1 B. D. 26°.2324 (2

21875,

91875

CHASE).

12h

26°

r2™

52/

0*.000

0”.00

(28)

; Right Ase. |

é j | Epoch! No.| at Epoch | Corr, for ’

8 Te) Obs,’ | Cat. |) Obs! | partaragn | topes f

ic Tein. | Motion, 1075.

t T _n MerormGats |

TMC AAD. a lqhm 2 os | s mes

3 | Lalande 23057 |-1794.31 | 1800 | I |12 834.89 | 0.000 |+3 48.021

5 | Bessel (W,.) 229; 1829.33 | 1825 | I | 9 50.73 | .000 |-+-2 31.936

26 | Paris, 15073 TS7AL7. WN S75 lls eee aco a .000 _

2OP WPACIGNEN6058 al RIG77e25 aS 75 ll SROlMlin wel 2e228 oom .000 —

25 |Romberg 2710 | 1880.3 | 1875 | 2 | oe 22.85 | .000 —_

| | | | ms 7 8

Results 1873.63 | 1875 | 15 | 12 12 22.904 —0.004 ==

| | Meee) enc 1

3 | Lalande 23057 | 1794.31 | 1800 | I | 2677 55-4 | ©.00 |—25 2.72

5 | Bessel (W,.) 229] 1829.33 | 1825 | I | 69 41.5 .0O0 |—I16 41.64

26 | Paris, 15073 WOT Asya al LOvS alan 5 52 58.6 .0O —_—

20) WAL Gy C6058 el 187.752 Nero 75 6 52 58.1 .0O —

25 |Romberg 2710 | 1880.3 | 1875 | 2 5258.6 | .00 a

| | | fe) / | “

Results | -1873.63 1875 15 2652.58.12 40.12 -

or)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES

nates for 1875 ; 10 the probable error at the time 7), and 11 that

at 1875 ; 12 the weight of @, or 0d, at the time 7), that is [ f]; 13

the final proper motion ; 14 the probable error of the proper

motion ; and 15 its weight, [CD], at 7).

J=-+ 3°.03565 K = — 0.01215 P= | OVOlA

I, = — 207.0250 M = + 0.0325 N= -+ 0.16

Right Ascen. | | | Corrected

1875. ie | a+A. | Auy(4— 7). | R. A. 1875. | a9 — Ba’

a | System- | Ba Weight. F. (Bo/—=Be-E Rar Va

Declination | 74° Coie | 6+ A, Ap)/(4—TZ,)-| Corrected | 6, —&s/

1875. | Bs Fs Decl. 1875. | Vs

8 | A | oe) Bs/=Bs-+ Fs)

aemash if Sar s Ss s Ss

12 12 22.911| +0.254 | 23.165 O.1 —0.206 . 22.959 —0.055

12 22.666 | +0 I90 22.856 O.I —O.115 22.741 | +0.163

12,22.890| +0.043 | 22.933 2.0 -++0.003 22.936 | —0.032

12 22.880 | .000 | 22.880 1.0 0.009 22.889 --0.015

12 22.850| —0.003 | 22.847 1.0 --O.017 22.864 | +0.040

hemes) s s Ss s

12 12 22.900 | 0.0146 | + 0.0146 4.2 —(0).0026 | -- o.oo10 885

Od “ u | “ | 4 u

26 52 52.68 |—2.60 | 50.08 | o1 | +682 56.90 | +1.22

5259.86 |—360 | 56.26 | oO. +3.81 | 60.07 —1.95

52 58.60 | —o.22 , |. 58.38 | 2.0 —0.09 | 58.29 | 0.17

52.58.10 | .0O 5 56 @O 1.0 —o 31 57-79 | --0.33

52 58.60 | +0.01 58.61 1.0 —0.57 58.04 0.08

fo} ‘ | v)

26 52 58.24 | + 0.0135 | 885

(29)

370 KRETZ.

2 B. D. 26°.2326—43 Come Berenices (3 CHASE).

inee T22 12™ 438.81 Ht, 08.000

Orars 26° 42! TOMES [As OOS

| | Right Ase. |

ate of | ? eduction

Authority. | one | of eel eee | eee to

| en ‘Declination Mouon 1875.

| | | at Epoch | j

wegen Tala of Car)

= Rae ial rae | Winans Tyee ahi m igs : lie a s m Ss

d’ Agelet 2893 1785.25 | 1800 | I 112 8 56.2 | 0.000 |+3 47.961

Lalande 23065 |. 1794.31 | 1800 | I 8 55.83 .000 |+-3 47.961

Piazzi 39 1805.97 | 1800 5 8 55.70 | .000 |-+3 47 961

Bessel (Wj. ) 238 1830.32 | 1825 | 2 1011.79 | .000 |-2 31.897

Taylor 5644 [1835.3] | 1835 | 3 IO 42.60 | .000 |-+ 2 1.492

Bruxelles 5031 | 1866.66 1865) 3 12 13.38 .000 |-++ 30.355

Radcl. An. 632 | 1870.32 | 1870) 4 | 12 28.54 .000 |-++ 15.176

Paris, 15077 | 1872.8 | 1875 | 2 12/4077. .000 | —

ANG, (CY GO6T 7 08781087 1875 4) Oh x mzeAereine | .000 —

Romberg 2711 | 1879.4 1875 2 ee ara 64 eos _—

Results 1863.01 1875 29° BR 12 43. 790 0.059 —

(heel! “

quAbsie: 2893 1785.25 1800) I 266716.3 | —o.44 |—25 4.86

Lalande 23065 1794.31 | 1800 1 6716.2 |—0.17 |—25 4.86

Piazzi 39 | 1805.51 | 1800 | 9 6716.5 | +0.16 |—25 4.86

Bessel ( W,.) 238| 1830.32 | 1825 | 2 5853.c | +0.16 |—16 43.06

Taylor 5644 | [1834.8] | 1835 | 4 55 32.80 .0O0 |—I3 22.40

Robinson 2639 1849.30 | 1840 | 2 | 53 53.20 =50-20) 1|—— F142 07

Radcl. An. 743 | 1868.24 | 1868 | I | 44 29.91 | 0.01 |— 2 20.38

Bruxelles 5031 | 1868.33 | 1865 | 4 45 30.98 -+0.10 — 3 20.55

Radcl. An, 632 | 1870.29 | 1870 | 3 43 51.82 | +0.01 z I 40.27 |

Paris, 15077 (1872: Saeere 750 tee A2 i Osg | 9.07 | — |

A. G. C. 6061 1878.0 | 1875 | 6 | 4210.5 | =-0.09 | —

Romberg 2711 | 1879.4 | 1875 | 2 4210.8 | +0.13 | —

Results 1863.17 1875 87 26.42'10.40 | +-0.25 f=

(30)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES.

371

J=+ 3.03491 K = — 0.01200 P= -+ 0.013

POG O533 M = -++ 0.0332 N= -+ 0.16

1875. | a+ A, | | Auy(¢—7Z).|_R. A. 1875. | %— Ba’

ae ae ee Gian a Ba’ =BatKa Va

Declination | 74° Coa TG + A. | Aug! (Z— fy). Corrected | J) — Bs’

1875. | Bs | Fs | Decl. 1875. | Vs

2 pe DENNIS Ba’ Bat Bo

n> aS s s s s s

T2 12 44.161 | ++ 0,332 44.493 o.1 —0.381 44.112 —0. 322

12 43.791 | +-0.253 44.044 o.1 —0. 337 43.707 0.083

12 43.661 | +0.253 43.914 0.3 | —0.279 43.635 --0.155

12 43.687 | +0.156 43-843 0.2. | —Oo.160 43.683 + 0.107

12 44.092 | —0.059 UVLO RNS Ns MORE | Ab 0), a6) 43.897 —0O.107

12 43.735 | +0:043 | 43.778 1.0 +-o.018 43-796 | —0.006

12 43.716 | —0.07I | 43.645 1.0 -+0.036 43.681 | +0. 109

12 43.770 | +0.043 43.813 1.0 0.048 43.861 | —o.071

12 43.810 | .000 43.810 1.0 +0.073 "43.883 —0.093

12 43.640 | —0.003 43.637 1.0 + 0.080 43-717 -++0.073

hanes s s | Stern s |

12 12 43.731 0.0120 + 0.0136, 6.2 | —0.0049 + 0.0005 3306

fo} / “ | i ih ia “ | | W oe ae “ eer:

26 4211.00 |/—I.4r | 9:59 | O1 -+1.64 11.23 —o.83

42 11.17 | —2.63 | 8.54 | O1 +1.45 9 99 | +0.41

42, 11.80 | —2.63 OT a 1O33 ame 10.38 | +-0.02

42 10.10 | —0.22 9.88 | 0.2 -+0.69 10.57 — ONY

42 10.40 | —o 82 9.58 | 05 -+0.60 10.18 0,22

4211.41 | —0.84 10.57 0.2 +0.29 10.86 —o.46

42°-0:54 |||-- O03 9.57 Oh | opti 9.46 | +0.94

42 10.53 | —O.O1 HOSS 2 ies eel One ne OnTer 10.41 | o,@ut

42 11.56 | —o.68 10.88 | 1.0 —0.15 10.73 | —0.33

42 10.83 | —o.22 10.61 1.0 —o.20 10.41 | —0.01

42 10.59 .00 10.59 1.0 | —0o.31 le) 10228 | +0.12

42 10.93 .0O 10.93 1.0 | —0.34 | 10.59 0.19

26 42 10.65 | -o.1 52 |+— 0.173 6.9 | —0.009 | ok 0.0069 | 3402

(31)

372

KRETZ.

B. D. 26°.2329—51 Come Berenices (5 CHASE).

12"

26°

O85

ies

41’

I 8.05

42.6

L oO 8.000

pt’, + 07.03

: | | | Right Ase.

iets NOtnonit | Date of | OP ot | en Cat: Errone’s asec

a) uthority. | felis Sane oO

ne y | Obs. | Cat. os Declination nee! igre

a | | | at Epoch :

oot Tos Me eon Cat jen

i Fees Or ea Ra | Sapeeall ae arog AH NS es Seinen s ae

4 |d’Agelet 2909 | 1785.25 | 1800 I | I2 IO 14.1 0.000 |-++-3 47.677

3 | Lalande 23118 | 1794.31 | 1800] I | 10 14.30 | .000 |++-3 47.677

2 | Piazzi 52 | 1802.99 | 1800 | 16 | IO 14.24 | .000 |+-3 47.677

5 | Bessel (W,.) 270|' 1831.31 | 1825 | 1 II 29.76 -000 |-++2 31.708

8 | Taylor 5659 | f2835-3)) "91335 | 2 I2 0.53 .000 |+2 1.34T |

21 | Bruxelles 5045 | 1866.66/ 1865 | 3) 13 30.84 .000 |+- 30.318

33 | Radcl. An. 636 | 1870.35 | 1870 | 2 | 13, 46.25 .000 j++ 15.157

33 |/Radcl. An: 624\ | 1873.24 | 51873) 1 | | 13 55-032] coos" 2 tGleGs

26 | Paris, 15100 1875.6.) 18758 3) 14s L090) || .000 | —

29) AG. CxGo70 |) 18760314), 187508 Gel, td SIkO5 a]. a OOO =

25) (| ‘Romberg 2725 |||) 1879:9010|) 1875 5024)" 2 sr4n L.02 .000 | — |

lea hy mess, | s Vatec =

Results 1864.89 1875 38 1244 1.255 —0.142_ =

4 | d’Agelet 2909 1785.25 | 1800! I | 266644.2 |+0.44 |—24 59.94

3 | Lalande 23118 | 1794.31| 1800] 1 | 6647.2 |-+0.17 |—24 59.94

2 | Piazzi 52 | 1804.05 | 1800 | 10 | 6644.6 |—O.12 |—24 59.94

5 | Bessel (W,.) 270| 1831.31 | 1825 | 1] 5818.9 | —o.19 | 16 39.76

8 | Taylor 5659 | [1834.8] | 1835 | 4 | 55 alt .0O0 |—I3 19.74

10 | Robinson 2649 | 1849.30 | 1840 | 2 | 53 26.22 }—0.28 |—II 39.75

33 | Radel. An. 747 | 1868.24 | 1868 | 1 | 44 2.01 |—o.01 |— 2 I9.92|

2t | Bruxelles 5045 | 1868.33| 1865 | 4] 45 3-01 |—0.1I0 |— 3.19.88

33 | Radcl. An. 636 | 1870.37 | 1870 | I 43 25.55 | —O.O1 |— I 39.94

33 | Radcl. An. 624 | 1873.24| 1873 | 1 | 4222.72 |—o.or |—+- 39.97

26 | Paris, 15100 Wel S75cO mt eLS 75 Mla ol Me ATU Az eo a le OO 2am —

201A. G:'Ci6070. ©) 9187693" 1875"), 6 Ai 42°65) | o-04aa --

| 25 | Romberg 2725 |° 1879.9 | 1875 | 2 | 4143.5 |—O.15 | —

Results | 1864.06 1875 37 264142.94 0.00 | —

SRT a IE SE ISI I LT TE EE

(82)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES.

== SS BEOLaS

L = — 197.9867

/G—=—(OOLISS

M—= + 0.0356

P= +0.013

NV = +0.16

373

1 Note: See Sect. II, Systematic Corrections to Radcliffe Annuals.

(33 )

Right Ascen, | | | Corrected |

1875. | | @+A, | | Avo(2—7Z) |_R. A. 1875. | — Ba’

-@ | System- | Ba | Weight.) “Fa _| Ba’ = Bot Fa Vo_

Declination | ate (Covse, 6+ A. | Auo/(¢—Zy)| Corrected | 6) — Ba’

iyi | | Bs Rania SDeclanS753. eve

8 | A p | Bs’ = Bs + Fo |

ihvemses ne s VC OIe PMMA Re ee an So OGG mile Rime

1A) ial WeGl || pC ZTOG) | Orr —I.115 0.994 -+-0.261

14 1.977 | +0.253 22308) | RNOsE —o.988 1.242 | +-0.013

14 1.917 | +0.253 PANG) “|| O2 —o.867 1.303 0.048

14 1.468 | -+-0.122 1.590 | OI | —0.470 1.120 + 0.135

14 1.871 | —0.059 TAO L2 GOs —0.414 1.398 | —O.143

14 1.158 | +0.043 1.201 1.0 -+-0.025 1.226 | --0.029

14 1.407 | —0.071 12330) O15 -+-0.076 I.412 | —0.157

T4 1.093 .ooo! 1.093 | 0.5 +0. 117 1.210 -+0.045

I4 1.090 | +-0.043 GWE MN 2 THO) ++0.150 1.283 —0.028

T4 1.050 | .000 12050) 2/0 0.160 1.210 | +0.045

14 1.020 | — .003 TROT. Onin a1 O12 TO 12277 | +-0.028

hm s s s s s

12 141.113 +0.0123 0.0134 5.9 —0.0140 -£0.0005 3180

OO Ge} 4“ u | “ | “ “

26 AI 44.70 | —1.41 43.29 O.1 0.00 | 43-29 —0.35

Al 47.43 | —2.63 44.80 0.1 SOOR awa) MNANESO —1.86

4I 44.54 | —2.63 41.91 0.3 .0O 41.91 1.03

At 38.95 | +3.15 42.10 O.1 .0O 42.10 +0.84

4I 43.37 | —o.81 42.56 OG | .0O 42.56 +0.38

41 46.19 | —o.82 Aa) | OP .00 45-37 —2.43

4I 42.08 | +0.03 42.11 0.5 .00 42.11 | +0.83

4I 43.03 | —O.OI1 AZ302)5) nal. © .00 43.02 —o.08

AI 45.60 | —o.68 44.92 | 0.5 .0O 44.92 —1.98

4I 42.74 | —O.1I A2202- | O85 .0O 42.63 +0.31

41 42.48 | —o.22 42.26 1.0 -00 42.26 | +0.68

AI 42.56 | .0O 42.56 1.0 .0O | 42.56 | +0.38

AI 43.35 | -0O 43.35 1.0 .0O | 43.35 | =o,

fo} 4 “ ad Ml | 4d ad

26 41 42.94 | +0.153 | + 0.171| 6.8 -+0.030 | = 0.0069 3390

374 KRETZ.

4 B. D. 27°.2114 (6 CHASE).

Giers 122 14™ 28.52 Ht, 08.000

Ohne igh 10/ 15 [Boo (2)

| | Right Ase. |

a. | ‘Epoch No, | at Epoch — Corr, for ee

A Date of | of of of Cat. | Errone’ s | #~eaduction

o 8 Authority. |e Obs seal Cath en(Obsa| Declination Proper | ee

ae |

S | pkaasesa | Motion. | 1075.

| t T n of Cat. | |

5 | y | | hm s s [| ms

3. | Lalande 23120 1794.31 | 1800 / I [12 10 15.05 | 0,000 |+3 47.598

12 | Paris, 15101 | 18412 | 1845 2 12 31.76 | .000 |+T 30.954

g |Riimker 3916 | [1841.3] | 1836 I 12 4.481; .000|+1 58.262

16 | Poulkova 1852 | 1841.32 | 1855 | 4 13 2.08 .000 |-+1I 0.624

31 |Cambr. An. [Lor Sa'ze ain TOAqaN | I 12 37.82 | .000 | 1 24.887 |

13 | Jacob [4153] | 1850.27 | 1850 | 4 | 1246.66/| ..000 |+1 15.788

14 | Wrottesley 447 | 1851.1 | 1850] 5 12 46.86 | .000 | +r 15.788

32° | Edinb, An. 1850/22. S56) |952> | eee ser2 0 .000 |-+ 57.592

32 es as ea 858.20 yl TO5Sa(s 5 alee akomile Oe .000 |-+- 51.527

32 gs ot | 1864.26 | 1864 | 2 13 29.42 | .000 |-++ 33.337

32 i es | 1865.16 1865 | 1 1353233641 .000 |-+ 30.306

20 |Yarnall’5240 + ®+| 1866.0 | 1860 | 3 13 17.06 | :000 |+ 45.463

32 | Edinb. An. |) TSO8226) $1868.13) neha sz .000 |-++ 21.213

33) WRadcl. Any 627))|| 1870/24) W701 ao Lenlasioy4 yea | -000 |+- 15.151

26 | Paris, 15101 1875.3 | 1875 | I | 14 2.49 | 000 | =

DOW A. 1 GCe Oo7x 1877-3 | 1875 li PALE 22 52) al .000 —

25 |Romberg 2726 | 1879.4 | 1875, 2 I4 2.45 | 000 | —-

30 | Ten-Year1927 | 1880.02 | 1880 | 3 ae eae 660 -000 — 15.148

| | |

Results 1860.30 1875 48 lee ae 2. 624, ay 104 —

| | | / | } Ta)

3, | Lalande 23120 | 1794.31 | 1800 | I ee 44 16.3 —06.74 —25 I1 93

9 | Riimker 3916 | [1841.3] | 1836 | 1 | 3210.01 | +0.69 |=13 5.98

16) | Poulkova 1852. | 1841. 32)| 1855 |""4 |) 25 46.2 ean | OMiczag

12 | Paris, 15101 1845.3. | 1845 | I 29 7.5 | +-0:04 |—To" 4°56

3r | Camb, An, | 1847235) 847 |e 28 27.98 | +0.05 |— 9 24.24

13 | Jacob [4153] 1850.27] 1850 | 4 | 27 26.19 | --0.04) |—— 8 23873

20 | Yarnall 5240 1854.4 | 1860! 3 24 :3.7- | 0173" |— 5 aan

32 Seti. An. 1855.31 | 1855 |. I 25 45.5 | +0.04 |— 6 43.00

32 os 1858-20) 1853)) 7 | 24144 | -0:03 nl aed oa

22 es ig 1859.25 1859 2 24 23.8 ~| --0:03 |—— 5 22.30)|

32 CO iE | 1860.23 | 1860 | 6 24 4.7 | +0.03 |\— 5 2.24

32 BG"), 066 1863.19 | 1863 | 3 23 2.6 | +o0.02 —4 1.78

32 os gs | 1864.26 | 1864 | 7 22 43.8 +0.03 — 3 41.64

22 GUE GG | 1865.26 | 1865 | 3 2222.9 | +0.03 — 3 21.48

33, | Radcl. An. 413 | 1865.27 | 1865 | 2 | 22 23.63 | +0.04 |— 3 21.48

32 | Edinb. An, | *1866:27') 1866 1/93. |, 9.2254. Cn) oro as edna

32 3G 5G | 1867.23 | 1867 | 2 | 2144.7 | +0.03 |— 241.18

32 SC gh 00 | 1868.27} 1868 | 5 | 2124.0 | +0.04 |— 2 21.04

33 | Radcl. An. 748 | 1868.27 | 1868 | 3 | 21 21.96 | 4-0.04 |— 2 21.04

32 ~| Edinb. An. | 1869.31 | 1869 | 4 | ° 21 5.4 | +0:04 |— 2 0.89

33 | Radcl. An. 637 | 1870.24| 1870 | 1 | 2042.88 | +0.03 |— I 40.74

33 “s “594 |. 1871.28 | 1871 |--4 | 2022.74 | =-0.04 |— 1 20.59

Be os S625 eelo 72 = 36. 1873\\) 2). TO\40;56) |-|-0.05) teria

26 | Paris, I5101 LS 7553 Loz Sameer | 19 2.1 | +0.04 —

29) 5. G: C6071 1977-3 LOTS a) /o- \eE One eo eee —

25 | Romberg 2726 1879-4) 18751) ) 2 (| STO 2-7 Osyy —

30 | Ten-Year 1927 1880.02 | 1880 | 3 tadia22-om .0o |+ If 40.73

Results 1868.88 1875 83 719 1. ‘98 +6. 28 —

(34)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES.

375

1 Note: See Sect. 11, Systematic Corrections to Cambridge Annuals.

(35 )

J=-+ 3°.02997 K =—0,01225 P=-+ 0.014

L = — 20”.1466 M = + 0.0357 N=-+0.16

| |

Right Ascen. Corrected

1875. a+ A, Auy(¢—7,).| R. A. 1875. | a — Ba!

a System- Ba Weiehel Fo Ba’/=Ba.+ Fa Va

Bera Bm atic) Corns aur snraeey ees Se ase : ¥

eclination o-+ A, Auy/(4—7Z).| Corrected | 9,— Bs!

1875. Bs | Fs Dec!, 1875. Vs

8 A i!) Be’ = Bs+ Fs

hyenas s s | | S s s

T2eTAe2 204 Orb Or2551 0) 112.0024) 5 Orla || O69 2.434 --o. 190

14 2.714 | +0.047 | 2.761 0.7 | —0.136 2.625 —O.OOI

14 2.743 | +0.039 | 2.782 0.1 | —0.135 2.647 —0.023

14 2.704 | +0.058 27 62h 2.0), Tie Osta 2.627 —0.003

14 2.707 .0oo! 2h 7 OF, 0.3 | —0 092 2.615 -+0.00g

14 2.448 | --0.310 2.758 0.5 —0.07I 2.687 —o 063

14 2 648 | +0.163 2811 0.5 —0.065 2.746 —o.122

I4 2.712 | —o.087 2 625 O.1 —0 029 2.596 0.028

14 2.687 | —o.087 2.600 0.6 —0.015 2.585 + 0.039

14 2.757 | —0.070 2.687 0.1 +o 028 2.715 —0.09 |

14 2.666 | —o.042 2.624 On +0.035 2.659 —0.035

14 2.523 | +0.033 2.556 | 0.6 -+ 0.040 2.596 -+-+0.028

14 2.583 | —0.042 2.541 OB | a OLOGY) 2.598 +0.026

14 2.491 | —O.071 2.420 0.5 +0.071 2.491 +0.133

I4 2.490 | +0.043 2 533 0.5 +-o.106 2.639 —0O.015

14 2.520 .000 2 520 iO +0.121 2.641 —0.017

14 2.450 | —0.003 2.447 1.0 | +0.136 2 583 +0.041

AP2e yh et -O.O1O) 92522). a) T.O0 st - Onl 4e 2.662 —o 038

Jovy) 5002 & s Ss | | Ss s

12 14 2.520 | --0.0094 | 0.0125 10.0 | —0.0071 | 0.0006 2842

oOo / a“ Vd “ ae ad dd

27 19 4.13 —2.58 1.55 oO. +1.66 3.21 —1.23

19 4.72 —0O. 32 4 40 OR ae O53 4.93 —2.95

19 1.42 —0O.02 1.40 2.0 + 0.53 1.93 +0.05

19 2.98 —0.45 2.53 0.3 +0.43 2.96 —o0.98

19 3.79 —1.62 2.17 OS | apOnxs 2.55 —0.57_

19 2.45 —0.13 DBP 0.5 | +0.31 2.63 —0.65

19 0.73 —0o.10 0.63 0:6 | -+0.22 0 85 +1.13

19 2.54 —o.70 1.84 ome +-0.19 2.03 —0.05

19 1.79 —o.66 1.13 06 +0.12 T. 5 +0.73

19 1.44 —0o0.64 0.80 o.I +0.10 0 90 +1.08

19 2.49 —o 62 1.87 0.6 | +0.08 T.95 +0.03

190.84 | +0.26 1.10 Oe | .00 1.10 --o.88

19 2.19 +0.28 2.47 0.6 | —c.02 2.45 —0.47

1@) twig ||) ena 1.23 6,3 | —=OOs TLS -o.80

19 2.18 —o.40 1.78 0.5 | —0.05 THe +0.25

192.71 | —o.07 2.64 0.3 —0 07 2.57 | —0.59

19 3.55 —0.07 3.48 OFT O10 3.39 | —I.41

19 3.00 —o.06 2.94 0.6 | —o.12 2.82 —o 84

190.96 | +0.02 0.98 1.0) >| 0.12 0.86 Ht)

19 4.55 —0.05 4.50 0.3 | —0.14 4.36 —2.38

19 2.17 —o.68 1.49 0.5 | —0.16 1638 +0.65

19 2.19 —0oO 30 1.89 1.0 | —C.19 1.70 +0o.28

1G). O32 | opine 0.21 O83 | —oan on +2.01

19 2.14 | —o.22 1.92 0.5 | —0.29 1.63 | +0.35

19 1.80 .0O 1.80 1.0 | —0 33 1.47 | +0.51

19 3.27 + 0.03 3.30 Ve® |) = Ones) 2.92 | —0.94

19 3.71 -++0.08 3.79 Io | —0.40 3.39 | 141

OP, “i a“ Wd ] Ua a“ |

27192.296 | +o 104 | +0.136 | 14.8 | —0.106 +0.0075 | 2829

376 KRETZ.

3 B. D. 26°.2332 (9 CHASE).

Oop 128 14™ 475.43 4, 0% .000

91875 26° 24’ 537.1 BL’, O”.00

; “Right Ase. |

re | Epock | No. | at Epoch | Corr, for i

‘a fe Date of Bt ; | of of Cat. Errone’s mare

ons) * Mei aaa oO

oil aie nee Obs. Cat. Obs. Declination oes 1875.

Zi | at Epoch

t T n | of Cat.

Ge te a ‘ Tae | teem hall ieae aie h m ‘s s mn s

3 | Lalande 23134 | 1794.32 | 1800; I |12 10 59.80 0.000 |+3 47.539 |

5 | Bessel (W,. ) 289 ieepigepe Mim Wt i ie Teaco | -000 |-++2 31.618 |

12 | Paris, 15113 [sLSAS-O) S457 |i be mearlaeloson| -000 |+-T 30.935 |

17 | Argelander 2332 | 1858.29 | 1855 | I | 13 46.54 | .000 |-++1. 0.612 |

29) WA.) Gr CY 6078 1875.0 18750 | 75 | mas 47. 43 | gee) —_—

Results 1861.01 «1875 9 | 12 uw 4%. 409 =a 022 = |

WEG ; in’ | - : | ze Hares | d ‘ Mi |

3 | Lalande 23134 | 1794.32 | 1800 | 1 |2650 4.9! 0.00 —25 I.91)

5 | Bessel (W,. ) 289 TOS Zip i LO25e |e Lele AT) oe .0O0 |—I6 41.07

17 | Argelander 2332} 1858.29 | 1855 I | 31 35.1 00 |— 6 40.32 |

26 | Paris, 15113 1873.3 1975 el eAeser9 .00 |

29) ALG LENGO7 Sei iaS 75.1. mmlelO7 5). 5 yim ean Gal 00 | —

Results 1866.30 1875 9 26aysss2 68 —

1 Nore: According to Paris,, p. [99] this should be corrected — 10/7; I have not

(36 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 377

J=-+ 3%:.02942 & = —0.01164 P= -+ 0.013

Li ee, Or25 M = +0.0371 7—-+ 0.16

| Right Ascen. | | | Corrected :

1875. a+ A, Api)(t—Z) | R.A. 1875. | ay — Ba’

Besar ete veg System- Ba 2 Weight. ghee Fa Pp Ba’ =Ba+ Fa Va

| Declination atic Corr. + A, Au/(t—T)| Corrected | 6) — Bs!

SiS Bs F3 | Decl. 1875. Vs

8 A Dp | |Bs’= Bs-+-¥s)

i in Sane e Sune Sia biel ene nis oie eames cs Star

12 14 47.339 70.253 47.592 0.1 —0. 107 47.485 | —0.076

14 47.528 | +0.122 47.650 | .0.1 —0.048 47.602 —0.193

14 47.295 | +-0.047 47-342 0.3. =| --0.02I1 41.321 | +-0.088

I4 47.152 | +0.037 47.189 0.2 —0.004 47.185 | +0.224

| as Be 430 .O0O 47-430 1.0 +0.023 47-453 —0.044

s s s s

| 0 14 17.387 j | 0.0229 | + 0.0273 | 1.7 | —0.0016 = o.oo11 784

26 24 62.99 | —2'63 60.36 | O.1 —5.61 54.75 —0.93

| 2452.03 | +3-15 Khel 2) Orley | ——2.72 52.45 | 1.37

24 54.78 | —0.94 53-94 | 0.2 —0o.62 53.22 | -+-0.60

24 53.90 | —O.22 FOS 4) G5 S| OSS 54.23 | 0-41

| 24 53.10 LOOM Mines 210 1.0 --0.69 53-79 | +0.03

| | a“ “

WW 5BAL +0290 + 0.317 | 1.9 | —O0TS | + c.0146 | 755

done so, however, for obvious reasons,

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII, February 17, 1900—24.

(37)

378 KRETZ.

6 B. D. 25°.2493 (10 CHASE).

Gers 12) 1A 47 §.52 -, 08.000

Sigs 25m 43/ 14”.9 pL’, 0.00

| || Right Ase. |

A 7 | Wate of ||: fottaieor of Cat. Errone’s | Reduction

uthority. | | | ee cesar ts

Obs! a|iCatn "Obs! Declinati Proper

| echmation | Motion. 1875.

| | at Epoch

Vata Deen of Cat.

| |Seaheemwes | s m s

Lalande 23136 | 1794.32 | 1800 | to) £2 Teo c:000 +3 47.624

Cambr. An, 1845.24 | 1845 | 3 | 13 16.98 | -000 |-++-I 30.972

Dreyer 1417 | 1872.65 | 1875 | 3 | 1447.45 .000 —

Paris, 15114 LO72en |) LS75e) 0d. 14 47.61 [elere) --

ALG €N6079) | TSSOrAG NTS 75 ula 5) ela g 52m .000 —

| heembpars s

Results 1865.34 1875 «16 12 14 47.744 —0.160 —

Lalande 23136 | 1794.32 | 1800 | I 25 68 8.0 | 0.00 —25 ‘T.91

Cambr, An, | 1843.36 | 1843 | I | 5352.29 | _ .00 |—1I0 40.59

ee 1845.34 | 1845 | 1 | °53 30.01 sr toorg Mae 0.54

Paris, 15114 WROZsa 0 Mier 5 ans 43 14.9 .0O —

Dreyer 1417 | 1875.82 | 1875 | 2 43 13.7 .0O —_

Ay GAC. 36070) | 188024151875 41% 5) sls, TAO. lee oo a

Results |: 1869.83 1875 15 25 43 13.66 +0.82 =

(38 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES.

Wo}

Y= se BORO K = — 0.01121 P= -+ 0.013

L = — 20”.0125 M = + 0.0371 NV—-+ 0.16

Right Ascen. | | | Corrected

1875. | | @+4. Apo(t—7) _R. A. 1875. | 4 — Ba’

| & | System- Ba __—| Weight. ig Bae et Wa

1875. | | Bs | Fs | Decl. 1875. |. Va

| 8 | A | Dp Bs/=B 5+ Fs.

hiimes | s “il s | ashe eS Ss S.

I2 14 48.624 | +0.253 | 48.877 | o.I — 1.179 | 47.698 | -++-0.046

WAWAGAO 52) e On 7 ile 13.099) |e aTeO |e —— 102334 Fa Az. 705) | ——O:021

I4 47.450| +0.039 | 47.489 | 0.6 | + 0.121 47.610 | +0.134

14 47.610] -+0.042 | 47.652 | 1.0 + 0.129 | 47.781 | —0.037

I4 47.520 | FOOOM 478520) ls Ol n= O1250, 47.770 | —0.026

jn sm | s s | s | s |

12 14 47.584 | +0.0154 | + 0.0174 | 3.7 — 0.0166 + 0.0008 | 1227

25 43 6.09 | —2.69 | 3.40 o.I | +10.80 14.20 | —0.54

43, 11.70 |—1.28 | 10.42 0.3 + 3.74 14.16 | —o.50

43 10.37 |—I1.59 | 8.78 0.3 | + 3.45 12.23 | -- 1-43

43 14.90 |—0o0.22 | 14.68 2.0 .| — 0.54 | 14.14 | —o.48

AS eis. 70m le O.2690) 13.98 OHO. | = @see | 13.05 | + 0.61

| 4314.90 | .0O | TARGON S| LO — 1.59 | TIS3I | +0.35

(e) / “/ | a | “ | “ | a

}25 43 14.48 | +0193 |+ 0.205 | 4.38 | + O44 | + 0.0120 | 1114

(39 )

380 KRETZ.

7 B. D. 25°.2495 (11 CHASE).

eve Toe 5p OOO Ht, 08.000

Oists 25° Al? 1 27/29 2’, 07,00

| Right Ase. |

ican | Epoch} No,| at Epoch | Corr, for F

cis! ¥ Date.of | vols tol ils ston Cat: Errone’s| Reduction

‘3 6] Authority. | SE aoe es

D Obs. Cat. | Obs. ees Proper

Gn | | Declination) \rotion. | 1875.

7, | | | at Epoch — | d

[cele ate, lia n | - of Cat.

Fee eee | a | y ; el hm is | s im —S

3 | Lalande 23132 | 1794.32 | 1800 T | 2) Gi 21.33 |) (O.000N| 374g A550

3 | Cambr, An. | 1842.34 | 1842 | 3 13, 29.36 | -000 |++1I 40.043

3 OG ES | 1844.18 | 1844 | 1 13935:034 000 |-+I 33.976

31 Hf oe 1845.25 | 1845 | 1 13. 38.0C | 000 j-++I 30.943

26 | Paris, 15120 1874.6 | 1875 | 3 15 910 | 000 —

29. WA. G, G.\6081 Ie dls Reviisy |p 1g) 15 9.06 .000 | — —

| heimiess s

Results 1859.70 1875 12 1215 9.167 —0.049 | —

3 | Lalande 23132 | 1794.32 | 1800 | ty | 25 66 33.0 0.00 Bes 1.78

31 | Cambr, An, 18420737 | a1S42 9) 3:4) 52 28.46 | .0O0 |—II 0.55

31 ae os 1843.36 | 1843 | I 52 10.52 | .00 |—IO 40.53

31 ee a 1844.38 | 1844 | 2 51 50.21 | .0O |—IO 20.50

31 ud ot 1845.34) 1845 | 2 51 30.59 | .00 |—I10 048

26 | Paris, 15120 ISIS7ARG || S75 ales At 28:4" i )ccom _-

29 A, GC. 6080) nS 77-7lers7 5a AI 27.9 00 | —

| | | | BGG | a“

Results 1856.28 1875 15 | 25-4127.93 +0.08

(40)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 381

J = + 3%.02976 A=— 0.01116 P=-+ 0.013

L = — 20/’.0104 M= -+ 0.0378 NV=-+ 0.16

1875. a+ A. Aulg(t#—7)).| R. A. 1875. | a — Ba’

1875. | Bs | Ks Decl. 1875. Vs

3) A | 1) Bs’/= Bs-+- Fs

| h m s sir © Ss % s ieee ‘s aes s

| 12 15 8.881 | 0.253 | 9.134 | O1 —0.209 8.925 +-0.242

| 15 9.403 | —0.075 9.328 | 1.0 —0.056 9.272 —0.105

15 9.006 | +-0.147 9-153 | 0.3 —0.050 9.103 -+0.064

15 8.953 | +0.147 9.100 | 0.3 —0.046 9.054 LO.113

15 9.100 | +0.042 OLA2 |e 1-0, +0.048 | 9.190 —0.023

15 9.060 .000 9/060) |) 1-0 -++0.058 9.118 -+-0.049

hvmins s s | s | s

12:15 9.118 | +0.0154 | 40.0196 3.7 —0.00382 | --0.0008 1410

ip ‘ a“ Mi e om Seu ie z oy be a

25 AI 31.22 | —2.69 28.53 Oot ae OL Su sez or7s —o.85

41 27.91 | —1.29 26.62 10) |) SEO). i Ao.fhs} 1.25

4I 29.99 | —1.28 | 28.71 0.3 ++0.05 28.76 —o.83

Al 29.71 | —1.26 28.45 0.7 +0.05 28.50 —0.57

4! 30.11 | —1.59 28.52 0.7 =-C:04) © || 28.56 —0.63

At 28.40 | —o.22 28.18 1.0 —0.07 | 28.11 —o.18

41 27.90 .00 27-9Ona | © OOF ae 27 Ol +o.12

25°41 28,01 | 0.183 | + 0.262 | 4.8 +0.008 | + c.o100 1605

(41)

KRETZ.

8 B. D. 26°.2337 — 12e Come Berenices (d CHASE).—R. A.

Dans 12h 16™ T3522 Ht; —O*®.0017

Ore75 26° 324 2200) #’,--0”%,006

Gist | ‘Epoch, No. | a Corr. for :

eis Authorit | Dateof | of | of | Hight At: Errone’s Nee

O98 uthority. = Obs. Cat eeObsal ume casece: tal Proper 2

on | | of Cat. Motion. | 1875:

A t T n

#, r Siup aide | ames s m s

1 | Bradley 1658 1755-4 | 1755 | 4 |12 0 9.56 0.000 |+6 3.656

4 | d’Agelet 2925 1784.38 | 1800 | 2] 12 26.20 | —0.027 |-+3 47.081 |

3 | Lalande 23169 1794.31 | 1800 | I 12 25.85 | —o.o10 |+3 47.081 |

2 | Piazzi 59 | 1800.68 | 1800 | 13 I2 26.04 | +-0.001 |+3 47.081 |

6 | 2. Cat. Spec: 412| 1823.74 | 1824 | > 5 13, 38.83 | —O.001 |+2 34.342 |

7 | Pond sor | ~1831.07 | 1830 | Io |. 13 57.06 | 0.001 |-+-2 16.168 |

8 | Taylor 5673 [1832.7] | 1835 | 15 74 12.19 | —0.004 |+2 1,026 |

12 | Paris, 15141 | 1840.0 1845 7 | 1442.43 | —o0.008 |+1 30.752 |

Ir .| Gilliss 605 | 1840.29] 1840 | 1] 14 27.039] .000 |-+1 45.888 |

9g |Riimker 3932 | [1841 ] | 1836 | 3 14 15.105] +-0.008 |+1 57.998

32 | Edinb. An, 1842.28 | 1842 | 3 | erAlsacar.| .000 |+1 39.833 |

16 | Poulkova 1859 1842.32} 1855 | 4] 1512.64 | .000|+1 0.490]

to | Robinson 2658 1846.64 | 1840 | 4 | 14 27.25 | +0.011 |--T 45.888 |

18 |Seven-Year 976 | 1859.3 | 1860 6 15 27.86 | —0.003 |+ 45.363 |

20 | Yarnall 5253 | 1863.3 | 1860 3 15 27.83 | +0.006 |+ 45.363 |

19 | Paris, 15141 136347) )|e1SOoO |= 21 15 27.79 | +0.006 |+ 45.363 |

22 | Safford 194 1865.41 | 1865 | 7 | 15 43.016] +0.001 |+ 30.239 |

2r | Bruxelles 5062 | 1871.37| 1865 | 3] 1542.91 | +0011 |+ 30.239 |

27 | Rogers 533 anS7ae7) lerS75ul ar 16°F3.233| .000 =

26 | Paris, 15141 | 1874.6 | 1875 | 4] 1613.21 | —o.oo1 a

25 | Romberg 2741 1874.9 | 1875 |. 8) |) 16°13"20 .000 —

23 | Nine-Year 1140 | 1875.3 | 1872 | 3 | 16 4.145} —0.001 |+ 9.070)

34 | Madras An. 466| 1878.34 | 1878 | 2 16 22.33 | t0.0co1 |— 9.070 |

30 | Ten-Year 1933 | 1878.81 | 1880} 4 16 28.309 .000 |— 15.115,

34 | Madras An. 539| 1879.28| 1879 | 3 16 25.07 .000 |— 12.092 |

29 | A. G. C. 6089 1880.0 |-1875 | 3 16 13.22 | +0.008 _ |

35 |Green. An. 777 | 1888.32) 1888 | 3] 1652.493| .000|— 39.294 |

35 ee ** 1552) 1894.45) 1894 3 he 10.560) .000 |— 57.422

| myens s

Results 1859.97 | 1875 | 161 (12 16 13.210 —0.008

(42)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 383

a8 022333 K = — 0.01158 P=-+ 0013

LI = — 19”.9980 M= + 0.0398 N= -+ 0.16

: | ear | |

Right Asc. | System- ; INWerobta iene, | Corrected ,

ee atic Corr, | rate Lie | | pie) R.A. 1875. a — Ba

a. x | Soh sap 2 Peel rity Ue

AOS eat s | s s s

I2 16 13.216 @!000) 5, 9132216) 50:5) |) —or052 13.164 +0.046

16 13.254 | 4+-0.332 | 13.586 | 0.2 —o0.038 | 13.548 —0 338

NOP12+G20) | O253 0 135174 || O:r- | —01033 13.141 -+0.069

16 13.122| +0.253 | 13.375 0.3 | —o030 | 13.345 | —0.135

16 13.171 | +0.044 ugiseausy | Oxo) —o.018 ss Coy i OO) 3

16 13.229 | —O.017 1252025 elo —0.O14 13.198 -+-0.012

16 13.2i2| —o.058 | 13.154 | 0.5 |. —oo!r4 13.140 0.070

16 13174|+0.047 | 13.221 2.0 | —0O.0I0 T252LI —0.00T

16 12.927 | —o.049 12.878 O.I | 0.010 12.868 0.342

16 13.111 | +0.037 13.148 0.3 —0.009 13.139 +0.071

16 13.203| —O.012 | 13.191 0.3 —0.009 13.182 -+0,028

16 13.130] +0.059 13.189 2.0 —0.009 13.180 -+0.030

16 13 149 | +-0.068 13.217 0.3. | —0.007 13.210 .000

16 13.220; —0.013 | 13.207 2.0 .000 13.207 0.003

16 13.199] +0.032 | 13.231 0.6 -++0.002 13.233 | —0.023

16 13.159| +0.05I | i3.210 3.0 ++ 0.002 13.212 —0.002

16 13.256| +0.006 13.262 2.0 -+0.003 13.265 —0.055

16 13.160) +9.044 13, 204 1.0 -++ 0.006 13.210 .000

16 13.233 | +0.004 | 13.237 3.0 -++0.007 13.244 —0.034

16 13.209| +0.042 | 13.251 1.0 | -+0.007 — | 13.258 —0.048

16 13.200| —0.003 | 13.197 4.0 -+0.007 13.204 ++ 0.006

16 13.214| +0.006 | 13.220 1.0 --o.008 13.228 | —o.018

16 13.261 | +0.018 13.279 OF +-o.0cg_ | 13.288 —0.078

16 13.194 | +-0.016 13.204 1.0 --0.009 125218 —0.003

16 12.978 | --0.018 12.996 1.0 +0.010 13.006 | +0.204

16 13.228 .000 13.228 1.0 + 0.010 13.238 —0.028

16 13.199 | +0 OI0 13.209 I.0 +o.014 13.223 —0.013

16 13.138] +0.010 13.148 1.0 0.017 13.165 -+0.045

m s s s | s s

12 16 13.202 | +-0 0052 | + 0.0062 | 32.9 —0.0022 | + 0.0002 19151

(48)

384 KRETZ.

8 B. D. 26°.2337 — 12e Come Berenices (d CHASE).—Decl.

Diss ro" 16™ T3t2222 Ht, —O 8.0017

iene 260 ee 16327 227 Lt, +-07.006

oe) | |

By. | Epoch) No. :

Cie Date GF | Ee | of | Declination ote Reduction

ome) Authority. Ob | ©@ | Ob at Epoch He to

oe ‘ | el of Cat. NOLS 1875.

| in 3

| | Co Ry | “4 det}

1 | Bradley 1658 1754.3 | 1755 | 3 | 267226.8 | o.oc |—40 2.35

4 |d’Agelet 2925 1784. 38 1800 | 2 57 26.2 | -++0.09 |—25 0.90

3 | Lalande 23169 | 1794.31) I800 | I 57 27.1 | =-0503 |—25) 0:90

2 | Piazzi 59 1800. 68, 18co | 16 57 25.5 || .00 |—25 0.90

6 | 2%. Cat. Spec. 412} 1823.74) 1824 | 5 49 24.6 | .00 |—I7 0.39

7 | Pond 501 | 1831. 53 | 1830 | 12 A7 25.9 | —O.01 |—15 0.30

8 | Taylor 5673 ([ 1831. 9]. 1835 | 5 45 44.34 | +0.02 |—13 20.23

12 | Paris, 15141 | £33828) | 1845) 2 42 25.9 | -+0.04 |—IO 0.12

9 | Riimker 3932 [1841] | 1836 | 3 | ~ 45 24.34 | —o.03 |—13 0.22

32 | Edinb. An. | 1842. 28 L842 lear 43, 25.1 .00 |=-II 0.15 |

16 | Poulkova 1859 | 1842.32) 1855 4 39 4.6 .00 |\— 6 40.04 |

10 | Robinson 2658 | 1853.2 | 1840 | 3 | 44 4.37 | —0.08 |—ZI 40.17 |

18 | Seven-Year 976 | 1859.3 | 1860 6 | 37 24.40 00 |= 15 olo2

21 | Bruxelles 5062 | 1868. 31 TSOS ui ceDua 35 44.46 | —o.02 |— 3 20.00

20 | Yarnall 5253 | 1872.2 | 1860 | 4 | 37 25.9 —0.07 |— 5 0.02 |

27 | Rogers 533 | 1873.7 | 1875 | 16 | 32 24.01 .0O — |

23 | Nine Year 1140 | 1874.4 | 1872 | I | 33 24.18 | —O.0ol |— I 0.00

26 | Paris, 15141 het S74s6| 1875 hs Asin aeataeaens .00 —

25 |Romberg 2741 | 1874.9 | 1875 | 8 | 3224.3 .00 | —

28 Respighi 684 | 1875.76) 1875 | 26 | 32 23.84 .OO: | — |

34 |Madras An. 466 | 1973. 34| 1878 | 2 | Bile iy .00 |+ 59.99

34 ui 6695391879128) LO79 ies al Si 4-4 .0o |+ I 19.99

30. | Ten-Year 1933 | 1879.63) 1880 | 17 | 30 44.14 | .00 |+ TI 39.98

29 | A. GG, 6085 |) 1880; 1875) 3) sie 132 22.7 10108 —

35 | Green. An. 777 | 1888.32) 1888 | 6 28 3.56 | .00 |-+ 4 19.94

35 Ce eeTRS Dial 1894.39) 1894 | 5 26 3.60 | .oo |+ 6 19.89

| W

Results ——-1865.03) 1875 ia 2632 23.97 10.01 | —

(44)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 385

+ 3 5.02333 K = — 0.01158 P= + 0.013

L = — 19%.9980 M= + 0.0398 N=- 0.16

| | | |

Declination | System- , Weight. y, 1) |. Corrected | , y

1875. atic Corr, g fc | "Aug? (2— 7p) | Decl. 187s. 6) — Bs

)

A | | 5 | Bs’/=Bos++ Fs Ms

py eae ae es os sia ae

OF ine “ “ | “ | 4“ a

26 32 24.45 0.00 24.45 0.4 +0.11 | 24.56 | —0.59

32 25.39 | —I.41 2ALOS am || Os2 +0.08 | 24.06 —0.09

32 26.23 | —2.63 22eOONs | OnL SRCHOY/ Ne A ae Sr) +-+0.30

32 24.60 | —2.63 21.97 0:3) 1-0! 06)" 9 2203 i= T04

B22 Ae yh Aol gl 1 eo Ns = =OKCoyl | 23.21 | +0.76

32 25.59. | —I.90 Ber (oe) | || arse) || wor 23.72 | +-0.25

32 24.13 | —0.84 Bo201 >| O-5e ha 105032 ae 23:82) 1:05

32 25.82 | —0.45 257 On7, Ns | -OLO2 la 25940 —1.43

32 24.09 | —0O.30 23.79 0.3 +0 02 | 23 81 +-0.16

32 24.95 —I.12 23.83 0.3 SROLO2 ijn 2205 | 0.12

32 24.56 | —o 02 24.54 2.0 + 0.02 24.56 —0.59

32 24.12 —o.82 23.30 OMG ees OLOl | PREM --0.66

32 24.38 —0.09 24.29 2.0 +001 24.30 —0.33

32 24.44 —0.03 24.41 0.3 .00 24.41 | —o.44

3225.81 —oO.II 25.70 0.6 —0.OI 25 69 | 67/2

32 24.01 | 0.26 | 24.27 3.0 —O.0l | 24.26 —0.29

32 24.17 | —o.46 2257 1 3.0 —o0.OI | 23.70 | +0.27

32 23.80 —o.22 ARIAS) Io © —o.0r | 23.57 | +-0.40

32 24.30 | .00 24.30 4.0 —o.0l | 24.29 | —0.32

32 23.84 | +0.41 24.25 1.5 | —0O.O1 | 24.24 | —0.27

32 23.49 | —0.29 23520 he OWa a GON |) 6 2210) e178

32)24530) | 0129 2A NO} aetsO = OO | 24.09 OS 12

BOI2ANIO} |e OOS 124220) 4) 280): |) 001 24.19 | —0,22

32 22.67 | SOOMs | 22,0708. | EO} -—O1O1 | 22.66 | F031

2 23.50 | -++0.09 Der Ko) A) || O02 23.57 | +0.40

I 32123-491 | -o.098 | 23.58 |) 2.0 |) 0103 iy 2855) e142

O24 0 | | | “ “ |

| 26 32 23.98 | | + 0.0028 | 20154

(45)

386 KRETZ.

9 B. D. 26°.2338 (14 CHASE).

Gy g05 Tu 16” TAMIA 7, #t, 08,000

Oxo75 26° ak 20.5 Lf, O00

, | | | Right Ase.

ice oa | Epoch} No.| at Epoch | Corr, for ,

cies MUtROEIt \Daterof i) of 4) ok of Cat. | Errone’s| Reduction

oS DOTTY as Ops Cat. | Obs. Declination Proper es

Mad 9) | 7 .

S | | ho ceiaten Motion. | 1075 |

t | oneal | of Cat.

oval (3 ; i Bianco raion aan | Nhe munes s m s

17 | Argelander 2338 | 1858.22 | 1855 Dl TDen5 anoe 77, 0.000 |+1I 0.523 |

21 | Bruxelles 5063 | 1871.37 | 1865 | 3 | 15.43.96 | .000 |-+ 30.256

29 | A. G. C. 6090 -| 1877.3 | 1875 | 3 16 14.37 .000 S|

25 | Romberg 2742 | 1877.6 | 1875 | 4 16 14.27 .000 —

| m Ss s

Results (1875.12 1875 if (1216 14.293 0.000 —

10 | Robinson 2659 | 1853.68 | 1840 | 2 | 26 42 59.48 0.00 |—I1 40.38

17 | Argelander 2338 | 1858.22 | 1855 I 37 59.4 00 |— 6 40.16

21 | Bruxelles 5063 | 1868.31 | 1865 LE UATE) .00 |— 3 20.06

29 |A.G.C. 6090 | 1877.3 | 1875 Bat 9 Bie Boys .0O —_

25 | Romberg 2742 | 197-740...) LOT 5a eds |e SIe2oln .0O —_

Results «1874.43 1875 11 26.31. 20.21 +.0.05 — |

(46)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES, 387

J = + 3%.02501 K = — 0.01157 P=+0.013

— 207.0039 M= + 0.0398 N= + 0,16

| |

Right Asc. | | Corrected

1875. | GAL | Aup(2—7Z)) | R. A. 1875. | a — Ba’

a _| System- | Be __|Weight.|_ Fa ___|Bo’=BatWe| Va

eyes | | Bs | Fs © *| Decl. 1875. Vs

) | A | lee al ‘Bs’/= Bs+ Fs

h m Ss. [ sin a % Gi. thane ii oo | ; Ss E | Ss

12) 1614.293 | --C.037, | 14.330 0.2 | +0.007 | 14.337 | —0.044

16 14.216) +0.044 | 14.260 1.0 | -to.co2 | 14.262 | +0.031

16 14.370 .000 | 14.370 1.0 | —o.oor | 14.369 |—0.076

TGHIAL 27 Olle 01003) le W267). 0210) 4/0100 i 145206 30.027

In. jot | s | s | | s | s

12 16 14.298 0.0146 [= 0.0146) 4.2 +0.0004 + 0.0032 | 88

26 31 19.10 | —0.82 18.28 | O20) 41.83 e2Onr +0.10

BU WG AL ||) OLY Pate los | Oh |) eeareiles | 19.73 +0.48

31 20.52 | —0.03 AWA) ||. Ove | SEONG = |e DIOR —o.82

31 20.50 SOO 2Os5 OF et L:O ue 0: 25089 | en 2On25 — 0.04

31 20.40 OD || Aoxito | Bio) || OL PIs) 20.12) ||-|-0.09

26 3120.26 -++0.208 -£ 0209 3.7 ~~ +0088 — -L0.0300 178

(47)

388 KRETZ.

10 ~—siB.. zD. 26°.23483 (18 CHASE).

Gers 172 17™ 468.97 ft, 0°%.000

Onan 26° B24 4076 [454 0700

| Right Ase. Pave |

| | at Epoch | Corr. for |

eae Datelon Epechi-Ne- of Cat. | Errone’s | Ngenieaion

> at, |Obs,| Declination ree 1875. |

| otion, |

‘ | at Epoch |

t T | n | __ of Cat. el

ee hieata an Saal aE Ten Tp ial h m Ss aie m |

Lalande 23207 | 1794.31) 1800 | I | 1214 0.18 0.000 |-+-3 46. 864 | |

Piazzi 68 | 1804.46] 1800 | 8 | 1359.90] .000|+3 46.864 |

Bessel (W, .) 348) TOZIa ST | 1S25 |e a 15 15.38 | .000 |+-2 31.169 |

Paris, 15178 | 1838.9 | 1845 | 3 16 16.30 .000 +1 30.666

Taylor 5688 [1839.8] 1835 | 6 15 46.16 | -000 |+-2 0.9II |

Robinson 2663 | 1848.35) 1840 | 1 16) 130%) 000 |-ET 45.787 |

Radcl. An. 750 1868.36, 1868 | 2 | 17 25.86 | .000 |-++- 21.146 |

Bruxelles 5068 1869.87 | 1865 2 T7elor72.4 000 |-+ 30.210 | |

Radcl. An. 595 | 1871.36] 1871 | 2 17 34.88 | .000 |+ 12.083 | |

Paris, 15178 S727 TS Sea ars 17 46.97 | 000 | —

Yarnall 5268 | 1876.0 | 1860 | 3 17 1.60 | .000 |-++ 45.320 |

AG. CMOreo 9187853 "| 21875, [4 17 46.97 | .000 | ==) |

Romberg 2751 | 1878.4 | 1875 | 4 ate 46. 85 | S690) |

Results 1865.15 1875 4212 nT 16.965, —0.020 —

26 57 44.3 0.00 je S68

Lalande 23207 | 1794.31] 1800 | 1 |

Piazzi 68 | 1804.46| 1800 | 9 57 42.2 .00 |—25 0.68 |

Bessel (W,.) 348) 1831. 31 | LO25 tel 1) eAOuIO.6 .00 |—16 40.21 |

Taylor 5688 (1838. 8]| 1835 | 8 46 1.09 ,00 _—13 20.09 |

Robinson 2663 | 1853.04} 1840 | 5 44 21.84 .0O |—II 40.05 |

Radcl. An, 642 | 1864.31; 1864 | 2 36 21.81 .00 — 3 39.96 |

Ke ‘¢ 750 | 1868.30] 1868 | I 34 58.53 ,00 |— 2 19.97 |

Bruxelles 5068 | 1868.31) 1865 | I 36 1.48 .cO — 3 19. 96

Radel. An, 571 | 1869.30} 1869 | 2 | 34 40.53 100) 5159-97)

ce SE SOS mi O7 EGO LO Tele oea 34 1.30 | .00 |— I 19 98 |

Paris, 15178 TS 72e7 Wa LO7 5a 5 32 41.5 .0O S|

Radcl. An. 714 | 1874.23| 1874.| 2 32 59.55 .00 — 19.99 |

Yarnall 5268 | 1876.4 | 1860 2 37 AI.I .00 — 45996

AS G./©. 6100) 4 1878.3) | 18750 aed 32 40.6 .0O — |

Romberg 2751 | 1878.4 | 1875 | 4 32 40.7 .0C —

49 | 26324061 +041, —

Results 1867.72, 1875

(48 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 389

J = + 3%.02048 K=— 0.01145 P= -+ 0.013

L =— 10/’.9939 M = +- 0.0427 N=-+ 0.16

| Right Ascen., Corrected

| Reo 75: a--A. Auy(¢—Z)).. R. A. 1875. | ag — Ba’

| a System- Ba Weight. Fa Bo/=B.4+-F. Va

Declination *"° Coie, Oo+ A, Auy’(¢—Z))., Corrected | 6, — 43’

1875. Bs Fs Decl. 1875. Vs

) A p | Bs’=Bs+- Fs

ie h DOS son a‘ Sal ay Reeve cn ae Mh Ss aan : s i ; wv "GS Ta

| 12 17 47.044 | +-0.253 47.297 O.1 —0O, 142 47.155 | —0o.190

| 17 46.764| +0.253 47.017 0.3 | —O.12t 46.896 | +0.069

| 17 46.549 | +0.122 46.671 0.1 —o.068 46.603 +0. 362

| 17 46.966 ; +0.047 47 O13 1.0 —0.052 46.961 0.004

| 17 47.071 | —0.058 47.013 0.5 —0.051 46.962 -++0.003

17 47.087 | +-0.068 47.155 o.I —0.034 AG UAT —0.156

| 17 47.006 | +-0.033 47.039 05 0.006 47-045 —0.080

| 17 46.930 4-0.044 46.974 0.7 -+-0.009 46.983 —o.018

| 17 46.963 | —0.020 46.943 0.5 +0.012 46.955 -+-0.010

| 17 46.970 | +0.042 47.012 20 -+-0.015 47.027 —o.062

| 17 46.920! +0.031 46.951 0.6 -+0.022 46.973, | —0.008

17 46.970 Melee) 46.970 1.0 -+-0.026 46.996 | —OO03I

| 17 46.850 —0.003 46.847 2.0 -+0.026 46.873 | +-0.092

bieemays s s Ss s

/ 12 17 46.945 +-0.0097 | + 0.0109 9.4 —.0020 = + 0.0005 3909

| efi “ “ “ “i “i

26 32 43.62 | —-2.62 AT SOO" Oo +1.10 42.10 | —1.49

| 3241.52 | —2.62 38.90 0.3 -+0.95 39.85 +0.76

22 36.39 | +3.15 BO! 5A ale Or +0.55 40.09 -++0.52

32 41.00 —0o.83 AOR] Os5 +0.43 40.60 + 0.01

32 41.79 | —o.82 AGIOT 1. O55 0.22 41.19 —o.58

32 41.85 —o.82 ANECOR || OLE | SOHO 41.08 —0.47

322 38.56 | +0.02 Basis) | || Oss —o.OI 38.57 +2.04

BOTANE 525 O08) AE AO ian sors —O.OI 41.48 | —o.87

| 2240.56 |—0.40 | 40:16 | 0.5 - —0.02 40.14 0.47

| BO AES |p =O Sit a AOI = OES. |p SOKO 40.96 | —0.35

| 3241.50 | —0.22 Ait} °|, BO —0.07 41.21 —o.60

32 39.56 | —0.03 BORS See 1 On5 —o.10 39 43 +1.18

B2 Ale ASN OLOO mer AInO5 ea O'6 0), 112) 40.92 Ona

32 40.60 OO} 1!» AKO) I.0 | —O0.16 40.44 | +0.17

32 40.70 OOM ier 4 Ol One| 250 —o.16 | 40.54 | + 0.07

1°) Te LE “ de iz at

26 32.40.72 | 0.127 | + 0.138 | 9.9 | +0.019 | + 0.0075 | 2868

(49 )

390 KRETZ.

11 B. D. 26°.2344—13f Come Berenices (19 CHASE).

ign 128 TO 226 }; — ©*.0020

Orn 2625 AG 307.3 ; e4;—. 07.021

8 : | | Epoch No, | at Epoch | Corr, for ‘

Cia! Matar | Date of’ ||) Yof |" of, of Cat. Errone’s | Reduction

Ore uthority. == Obs. Cat. | Obs. Deelination Proper | to

op | | Declination | :

iS | | A deaeh | | Motion 1875.

eae nik oitonieat:

| Fal sia | | eirents s "etmiees

1 | Bradley 1661 1755-8 | 1755 | 6 | 12 11 59.35 0.000 +6 2.918

4 |d’Agelet 2931 1783.37 | 1800 | 2]| 1415.15 | —0.033 |+3 46.620

3 | Lalande 23211 | 1794.31 | 1800 I 14 15.25 | —O.01r +3 46.620

2 | Piazzi 70 1801.28 | 1800 5] 14 15.18 | -++0.003 |-++-3 46.620

5 | Bessel ( Wy.) 351) 1830.32 | 1825 2 15 31.10 | +0.011 |+2 31.005

7 | Pond 502 | 1831.67 | 1830 | 6 | 15 46.49 | +0.003 |+2 15.891

8 | Taylor 5691 [1832.3]| 1835,.| 12 | 16 1.42 | —0.005 |+2 0.780

10 | Robinson 2665 | 1836.05 | 1840 Ti 16 16.44 | —o.008 |--1 45.672

12 | Paris, 15182 | 1838.0 | 1845 | 9 | 1631.57 | —0.014 |+1 30.567

Ir | Gilliss 608 | 1840.79 | 1840 |. 13 16 16.470 | -+-o.002 +1 45.672

g |Riimker 3950 “|[1841] | 1836) 7 16 4.359 | +0.0I0 |+1 30.758

16 | Poulkova 1862 °,|'1841.34 | 1855 | °4°| | 17 2.82 | :c0o | |-=xwow67

32 | Edinb, An. | 1842.28 | 1842 3.| 1622.55 | +0.001 |+1 39.630

18 |Seven-Year 977 | 1854.3 | 1860 3 I7 17.01 | —O.017 |+ 45.271

19 | Paris, 15182 | 1859.8 | 1860 2 17 16.80 | .000 |-++ 45.271

21 | Bruxelles 5072 | 1861.96 1865 | 3 17 31.97 | —0.006 |+ 30.178

22 | Safford 195 | 1865.41 | 1865 | 6] 17 32.035| 40.001 |+ 30.178

27 | Rogers 534 | 1872.6 |. 1875) |) 12 18 2.181 | ++0.00T | —

34 -| Madras An. 468 | 1878.39 1878, 3.) . 18.11.08 | 4-0.001 |——= 9.05%

25 | Romberg 2754 | 1878.4 | 1875 4 18 2.16 | .006 | —

29) A. GU EN61o2" *|e1878!6 1875.) 94s ee On 216) 1 O00 75 ee _

34 | Madras An. 541 | 1879.31 | 1879 | 2 18 14.24 | +0.001 |— 12.068

30 | Ten-Year 1935 | 1883.24 1880 | 18 17.234 | -000 — 15.084 |

} olin s |

Results 1855.01 1875 121 1218 2.182; —0.010 | =

| | |

1 |Bradley 1661 | 1754.2 | 1755 | 3 | 268735-1 | 0.00 |-4o 4.42

4 |d’Agelet 2931 | 1783.37| 1800. 2 7231.4 —0.35 i—25 2.14

3 | Lalande 23211 | 1794.31| 1800 | 1 72 32.5 ~|.—0.12 |—25 2.14

2 | Piazzi 70 | 1801.28; 1800 | 9 | 7234.0 | +0.03 |—25 2.14 |

5. | Besseli(Wi 4) 351) 1830132)" rS255 20) 6410.3. | +0.11 —16 41.18 |

7 | Pond 502 | 1831.06] 1830 | 14 | 62 33.3. | +0.02 |—I5 1.02

8 | Taylor 5691 rS3 mes) 1835ai noe 60 51.91 | —0.07 —13 20.86

12 | Paris, 15182 1838.0 | 1845 | 4 | 57 30.6 | —O.I5 —I0 0.59

9 |Riimker 3950 |[1841] | 1836 | 8 | 60 32.28 | -+o.10 —13 0.84

16 | Poulkova 1862 | 1841.34] 1855 | 4 | 54 II.00 | 06 |— 6 40:35

32 | Edinb, An. 1842.30] 1842 | 3 | 58 32.4 | +0.0L —II 0.67

15 | Six-Year 802 | 1849.3 | 1850] 2 | 55 51-48 | .00 — 8 20.46 |

Io | Robinson 2665 | 1849.67, 1840 | 5 | 59 11.46 | +0.20 —II 40.73

18 | Seven-Year 977 | 1854.3 | 1860 | 6 | 52 30.93 | +0.05 |\— 5 0.25

19 | Paris, 15182 1860.8 1860 24) 5230.9 | +0.02 |— 5 0.25

21 | Bruxelles 5072 1862.77, 1865 2 50 51.47 | —0.05 |—.3 20.15 |

27. | Rogers 534 187256 ||51875..| 02 47 30.91 | —O.OI — |

28 | Respighi 686 1875.31] 1875 | 20 A7 30.23 | .00 — |

34 |Madras An. 468 | 1878.39) 1878 3 AGi 2:25 "0.01 et sO:e4g)

25 | Romberg 2754 1878.4 | 1875 4 47°31 :3) | .00 -—

20) «|, ANiGs Cxi6102 1878.6 | 1875 4 47 30.3. | +0.08 =

34 | Madras An. 541 | 1879.31} 1879 2\ | 4612.0 | .00 |+ I 20.05

30 | Ten-Year 1935 1883.24; 1880 | 3 45 50.62 | 00 |+ I 40.06 |

Results 1857.40 1875 121 2647 30.73 0.30 —

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 391

J=+ 3%.01718 K = — 0.01156 P—-+ 0.014

L = — 207.0132 M= + 0.0432 N= -+ 0.16

1875. | | a+A, | Aup(4—Z) | R. A. 1875. | a) — Ba’

a System- | Bo Weight. | Fa 2 | Ba/= Ba++ Fa | Va

Declination | 4 COE | + A. | | Aup’(t—Zy)| Corrected | 6) — Bo’

LOTS | Bs | Fs ee Declarns75 mil Vs

8 WeeGey. aera Dp Bs’ =Bs-+-Fs |

hy. ime s | s | s s | s

I2 18 2.268 | 0.000 2.268 0.6 —0.050 2.218 | —0.036

| 18 1.737 | +-0.333 2O7On ie 0:2) —O'O2 0} 2.034 -+-o.148

18 1.859 | +0.254 PRIA Ohi | = ReLCK). | 2.083 -+0.099

18 1.803 | +0.254 2.057 0.3 | —0.027 | 2.030 | +0.152

18 2.116 | +0.156 22) 2a Or? —O.OI2 2.260 —0.078

TS 2.384 | —O.017 2.367 OD) =—oyoIe «| 2.355 | —0.173

18 2.195 | —0.057 2.138 O50: Olas Dy, Oy --0.055

18 2.104 | --0.068 272 0.5 —0.009 | 2.163 --+0.019

18 2.123 | +0.047 | 2.170 | - 2.0/| —0o.009 | 2.161 0.021

18 2.144 | —0.049 | 2.095 | 1.0 | —0.007 | 2.088 | +0.094

18 2.127 | 0.039 | 2.166 0:5 | —0:007. | 2.159 +0.023

18 2.187 | +0.059 2.246 2.0 —0.007 | 2.239 —0.057

18 2.181 | —O.012 2.169 0.3 —o0.006 | 2.163 | 0.019

18 2.264 | —O.013 2.251 TOM .0O0O 2.251 —o.069

18 2.071 | +0.051 WAS OG -+0.002 2.124 | +0.058

18 2.142 | +0.044 DUIS Ne Tey We ewoyoee, = | 2.189 | —0.007

18 2.214 | +0.006 2E22ON A250 -+0.005 | 2.225 | —0.043

18 2.182 | +0.003 PASS ash 93.0 | 0.009 | 2.194 | —o,012

18 2.030 | +o.o18 2.048 | sO) ROO 2.060 i; =O: 122

18 2.160 | —0.003 2.157 2.0 | +0.012 2.169 | +0.013

18 2.167 | -000 ZNO ean LeOn |) 1 OsO02 2.179 +0.003

18 2.173 SpOLOLOun ems O Tala O.7ien | e-t-OlO12n ial 2.203 —0.02I

182150 |-+o01I0 | 2.160 | 1.0 | +0.014 | 2.174 | -+-0.008

geome, s } s | s | s |

| 12 18 2.172 0.0063) +o.0081 22.2 —0.0025 | 0.0002 | 14971

| | | RES a |

| 26 47 30.68 | 0.00 30.68 | 0.4 | 41.75 | SAAB | AAC

| A p2OsO len tales OU Wat 27/53 i ih Onsen ae h.26 | 28.79 | = 2.94.

LG BOR | EO | | HO) oie WL etey, 287i )| 2.02

| ATX O90) 260M 20520) O30 0.95 30.24 | +¢e.49

| A223 a O22 le 20. Olga O2711) is O.46 29.47 | +1.26

A7432.20) |= GO) 201404) 1204) Eo A5 30.85 | —O.12

47 30.98 | —o.80 30.18 0.5 | +0.44 | 30.62 | +0.11

47 29.86 | —0.45 2 Owes an Ie Opal 1-223 29.74 | +0.99

47 31.54 | —0.30 31.24 0.5 | +0.28 31.52 | —0.79

47 30.65 | —0.02 20.63 2.0 | i027 ) 30.90 | —O.17

ATMA Mean Late ZOKO2hy In cOS +0.26 30.88 tours

47 31.02 | —o.20 30.82 One Ol 1A 30.96 | —0.23

47 30.93 | —o.82 5 Olen Ors +0.13 30.24 | -+-0.49

47 30.73 | —0.09 ZOLA Male 220% |e OLO5, aa 30.69 | +0.04

47 30.67 | —o.28 320.39 | 0.7 | —0.06 30.33 | +0.40

A7 31.27 | —0.02 DIAS On7/)) 1-000). | Ai. I Bonnie)

| 47 30.90 | +0.26 SUAUG) Miiye3.O) Mi 0:26 a | 30.90 | —O.17

| ATNZO%23 lt Or4On ile) 30,03) iT 5: 4) 0.30) =| BON38 (1 | 130140

Aea2 25h O:29 maha s 2400) 3) uel Ol O12, 4" | 31.60 | —o.87

A EB On -O!Ola Wn aie Zeit) \|) =O: 36, 2 30.95 | —0.22

47 30.38 00) | outs) Lo | —0.36 —| 30.02 | +0.71

47 32.05 | —0.29 | 31.76 Op |, (OB | 31.39 | —0.66

47 30.68 | +0.08 | ° 30.76 OD | —Ousl | 30-32 | +0.41

fe) / “ “ “ M a |

26.47 81.08 | 40.087 | + 0.107) 21.3 | 0.004 | + 0.0035 | 13048

392 KRETZ.

12 B. D. 26°.2345—68 Come Berenices (20 CHASE).

Cy ens 12" 18™ 10 5.24 4, O%.000

° ths A i/ //

Ois75 26 16 33763 un’, o/.00

| Right Ase. |

| Epoch} No.} at Epoch | Corr. for |

Date of | of of | of Cat. _Errone’s) Reduction

Authority. a to

Obs. | Cat. | Obs. Declination ie otlon, | 1875.

at Epoch |

PA mne on. Cat:

ARR: ; | | AW Ta ms ‘i 5 2 Ss | m ‘s =

d’ Agelet 2933 | 1785.25 | 1800 | 1 | 1214 23.7 | 0,000 3 46.820

Lalande 23214 | 1794.31 | 1800 | 2 | 14 23.04 | .000 +3 46.820

2.Pos. Med. 1417 |-1828.5 | 1830 | 6 | 15 54.38 .000 |-+-2 16.014

Poulkova 1863 | 1841.32) 1855 | 4 | 17 .9:93 -000 |+-I 0.422

Camb. An. LOAD N22 PSA2) saw 16 30.70 | .000 | +I 39.720

Paris, 15186 [PISOS* 3p TSO! Siena 17 24.99 .000 |+ 45.312

Bruxelles 5073 |.1871.70 | 1865 | 3 | 17 40.00 .000 |+- 30.205

Dreyer 1423 | 1873.30 | 1875 he 18 10.24 | .000 | —

Paris, 15186 PLOZARS ol) eS a v7 18 10.27 | .000 =

Romberg 2755 | 1875.3 | 1875 | 5 18 10.23) | .000 =

AAG IE 61O4>) (87654 Mis 1875 ae 18 10.24 noes —

| | hy Same is

Results |1858.93 1875 41 | 1218 10.317 = 051 =

| | fo) / “ “ ‘ 4“

d’ Agelet 2933, | 1785.25 | 1800 | I | 26 41 34.9 000 —25 0.50

Lalande 23214 | 1794.31| 1800] 2 | 4135.4 .00 |—25 0.50

2.Pos. Med.1417/ 1828.5 | 1830; 6 | ZI 32.8 00 |—I5 0.03 |

Poulkova 1863 | 1841.32 | 1855 | 4 | 23 13.2 .00 — 6 39.91

Camb, An. LO AOn Aan LSND lives 27 33-82 .00 —I0 59.95

Bruxelles 5073 | 1870.78 | 1865 2 19 53.00 .0O — 319. 94 |

Paris, 15186 1874.3 | 1875 | 7 16 33.3 .00 =

Romberg 2755 | 1875.3 | 1875 | 5 16 33.2 .0O =

Dreyer 1423 TO Onl2 aslo 75 ll IG) By .0O ==

AGC. 610AW T8764" 1S 75h\ 12 16 33 3 .0O —_—

Results 1858.81 1875 37 26 1639.89. 0.26 Es

STARS IN COMA BERENICES.

398

J=+ 3.01997 K = — 0.01125 P= -+ 0.013

L = — 19”%.9913 M= + 0.0435 N= -+ 0.16

{ |

Right Asc. | | | Corrected

1875. a+ A, | Auy(4—7Z)) | R. A. 1875. | a9 — Ba’

| Sima eye |e Bete Weight jdm Na ea) Baten Bonn Hela aNen

Destination (Ue CO | 5 +A. |Apo/(t—Z, ).| Corrected | 6) — Bs’

| 1875. Fee LS | Fs | Decl. 1875. Vs

) A | p | Bs’=Bs+- Fs

Th an 1S) ise xsi aVias ‘Nie eSe on eta ein tome

12 18 10.520 | +0.331 10.851 O.1 —0,. 236 10.615 —o0.298

18 9.860} +0.252 10.112 0.2 —0.207 9.905 0.412

18 10.394 | -+-0.044 10.438 2.0 —0.097 10.341 —0.024

18 10.352 | -+-0.059 10.411 2.0 —0.056 10.355 —0.038

18 10.420 | —0.075 10.345 1.0 —0.053 10.292 +0.025

18 10.302) +0.051 10.353 0.3 --0.014 10.367 —0.050

18 10.205 | +0.044 10.249 1.0 +0.041 10.290 =| O1O2i7,

18 10.240] +0.041 | 10.281 1.5 --0.046 | 10.327 -——0.010

18 10.270| +-0.042 | 10.312 2.0 +0.049 | 10.361 —0.044

18 10.230 | —0.003 10.227 2.0 0.052 | 10.279 -+0.038

18 10.240 -000 10.240 1.0 1 zOO5 08 i 10.296 +0.021

oeheimbens s | s | s Ss

12 18 10.266 --0.0080| + 0.0101 14.4 —0.00382. | = 0.0004 6186

fo) i Md “i | “e ad | ad ch

26 16 34.40 |—1.42 | 32.98 o.I | +1.18 | 34.16 —1I.27

16 34.90 | —2.64 32.26 O-2 taal Os 33.29 —0o.40

16 32.77. | —1.04 aie 2.0 | +0.48 B22 +0.68

16 33.29 | —0.02 Bak 27 2.0 | +0.28 33-55 —o.66

16 33.87 {—1.28 | 32.59 r.0 | +0.26 32.85 | +0.04

16 33.06 | —o.02 33.04 0.7 —0.19 32.85 +0.04

16 33.30. |—0.22 | 33.08 | 2.0 | —0.25 | 32.83 -++0.06

16 33.20 | —o.OI 83219) 3-0) | 0326 | 32.93 —0.04

16 32.70 | —0.27 32.97 1.5 | —0.28 32.69 + 0.20

16 33.30 -0O B325Om ee L-O O25 33.02 —o.!

26 16 33.15 | 0.109 | + 0.137 13.5 | +0.016 + 0.0051 6249

(53 )

ANNALS N.Y, Acap, Sci., XII, February 17, 1900,—25

394 KRETZ.

A few observations. of other stars were found. I have re-

corded them here for the sake of completeness. They were not

reduced, however, as the resulting positions and proper motions

would be entitled to but little confidence, and would be of no

value whatever for my purpose.

ADDITIONAL STARS.

Noun | Right Ase. | No. | Declination No.

Sec. I | of Cat. Obs.| of Cat. | Obs.

Can B. D. 26°.2330.

i | hm s | | Of wl

5 Bessel (War) 284 1825 | 12 II 56.00} 1831.31 | I 26 4415.5 | 1831.31 I

26 | Paris, 15108 | 1875 14 27.83 | 1873.4 -\ 27 (36) oa -

29 ee G. C. 6074 eo £875 14 27.92| 1876.9 | 2 27 35.8 | 1876.9 2

(14) B. D. 26°.2331 (8 CHASE).

‘ | h | fe} d Md

5 | Bessel ( nd 28 1825 |12 oe 4. “8 | 192% 30 | TW) 26,53) 529 |) LO oies ii eo

29 ALG. om 6077 | 1875 14 35. 55. 1877.3 5 | 3 37 13-6 || 1877-3 | 3

(15) B.D. 26°.2347.

a : h | | (0) |

21. Bruxelles 5075 1865 | 12 18 7 A. 72| 1869.37) 2 | 26 18 32.74 | 1871. G23

29,1 | GuC. (6105) 2) e1S75 18 46.06 | | 1878. fe) | 6 15°13.1_ | 1878.0 6

The above table is not intended to be exhaustive ; it includes

only such stars as were found in more than one catalogue. A

number of stars, the positions of which are given in the Astro-

nomische Gesellschaft Catalog, and which fall within the limits

of my zone, are not mentioned here for the reason stated.

Catalogue of Results—For convenience, I have collected

into a table the final positions and{ proper motions deduced

from the data given on the foregoing pages. The quantities in

this table all refer to the epoch 1875; the corresponding

quantities for the date of observation 7}, will be found in the

Star Tables under the heading “ Results.’”’ The columns in

the “ Catalogue” require but little explanation. They are as

(54)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 395

follows: Col. 1 shows the Name or the B. A. C. or B. D. number

of the star; 2 and 3 the Right Ascension and Probable Error in

Right Ascension for 1875, respectively ; 4 and 5 the geometric

Precession and Secular Variation respectively; 6 and 7 the Proper

Motion in Right Ascension and its Probable Error; 8 the mean

Date of Observation, 7}; and 9 the Number of Observations

from which the results were obtained. Columns 10 to 17 have

the same significance as 2 to 9, but refer to the declination.

Column 18 contains Chase’s number, and 19g the number as-

signed by me to the star in question. It should be mentioned,

that the declination of B.A.C. 4153 as here given does not in-

clude Respighi’s observations of that star, which were acci-

dentally overlooked, as the omission was not discovered until

all the succeeding calculations had been made. The error in-

troduced thereby is so trifling, however—being only 0’’.03 in the

position and o’’.oo1 in the proper motion—that I have not

deemed it necessary to carry through the correction. The con-

stants of the plates, to compute which these positions are used,

would not be changed by doing so. I have, therefore, left the

quantities as they were used in the succeeding part of the work,

although, of course, the corrected position including Respighi’s

observations would otherwise have been preferable.

(55)

396

KRETZ.

Catalogue of Twelve Stars of the Cluster in

ean equinox of 1875.0.

ACs A152

}

3D 26252332)!

3. D. 25°.2493 |

3. D, 25°.2495

2e. Come B.

SDE 242338

SAC AON

3, f. Come B,

8 Come B.

(56)

| | |

| ere ge He Pes Mot, otrop. Hate ae

| 6 Ha\s | le Xeser bil ot. Obs. | Obs.

sae ms ees |" s anes | ie ans ase | i

12 12 22.900 | +-0.0146 | 3.0356 0.0122 —0.0026 | --o.0coro | 1873.68 15

12 43.731 | 0.0136 | 3.0349 0.0120 —0.0019 --0.0005 | 1863.01 99

14 1.113 -+0.0134 3.0312 | 0.0119 —0.0140 -:0.0005 1864.89 | 38 |

14 2.520 0.0125 3.0300 0.0122 —0.0071 0.0006 1860.30 48

14 47.387 | 0.0273 | 3.0294 | 0.0116 —0.0016 -:o.corr | 1861.01 | 9

14. 47.584 0.0174 | 3.0307 | 0.0112 | —0.0166 | --0.0008 | 1865.34 16

15 9.118 -L0.0196 3.0298 , 0.0112 —0.0032 | --0.0008 | 1859.70 12

16 13.202 +-0.0062 | 3.0250 | 0.0116 —9.0022 | --o.0002 | 1859.97 | 161

| = 16 14.293 | ++0,0146 | 3.0250 | 0.0116 | +0.0004 | 0.0032 | 1875.12 | 11

17 46.945 -+-0.0109 3.0205 0.0114 —0.0020 | 0.0005 | 1865.15 | 42

18 2172. -£0.0081 | 3.0192 0.0116 | —0.0025 | 0.0002 | 1855.01 | 121

18 10.266 --o.o101 | 3.0200 | 0.0112 /—0.0032 | -:0.0004 | 1858.98 | 41

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 397

Coma Berenices from Meridian Observations.

Epoch 1875.0.

Prob. Err | Se. | Prop. Prob. Err. Date | No. |

Aas ee ait ok | of Prop. | of | oe |

1075. Declin. | ay) Decl) Mot: Obs. | Obs. |

2 2 |

Declination) or | Precess. | var | Mot. in

26 52 58.21 | -L0.106 | | 1873.68 | 15

iS}

[e)

(e}

LS)

oe)

{e)

ry)

(e}

26 42 10.65 | -£0.173 | 20.023 | 0.033 —0.009 | 0.006 | 1863.17 | 30

26 4142.91 | +-0.171 | 20.017 | 0.036 | 40,030 | 0.0069 1864.06 37

27.19 2.26 | 0.136 | 20.017 0.036 —0.106 -£0.0075 1863.38 83

26 24.53.14 | -£0.317 | 20.012 0.037 —0.078 -b0.0146 1866.30 9

25.48 14.48 | --0.205 | 20.012 | 0.037 | +0144 | 0.0120 | 1869.33 |

25 41 28.01 | -:0.262 | 20.010 | 0.038 + 0.004 | 1856.23 | 15 |

26 32 23.98 | +-0.074 | 20.004 | 0.040 | +0.007 | -L0.0028 | 1865.08 | 171 |

ie)

fe)

{e)

26 31 20.26 | -+0.209 | 20.004 0.040 | +0.088 | =£0.0300 | 1874.43 | it |

26 3240.72 | 40.138 | 19.994 0.043 $0,015 -L0.0075 | 1867.72 49

2647 31.03 | 0.107 19.992 | | 121 |

0.043 | —0.004 0.0035 1857.40 |

26 16 38.15 | +0.137 | 19.991 0.044 | +0.016 -+:0.0051 | 1858.81 37 |

(57)

MEASUREMENT- AND? REDUCTION? OF] hits

PLATES:

I. The Plates:: Description.and ‘Measurenvenr

Description.—The photographs of Coma Berenices were

taken with Rutherfurd’s large telescope in the years 1870, 1875

and 1876. ‘They differ in no particular from his other star

plates. There are always two images of each star, obtained by

stopping the driving clock a few seconds after the first expo-

sure had been made, and then starting it again, leaving, mean-

while, the plate in position so that another impression could be

made. A third image (or “ trail’’) of the brightest stars is usu-'

ally found at the distance of about 35 mm. from the second image,

obtained in a similar manner, except that the clock was stopped for

a longer time than in the previous case. These trails were intended

to give an independent means of orienting the plate. I have

not used them otherwise than to place the photograph correctly

in the measuring machine; for Dr. Schlesinger’ has shown

that no reliance can be placed on the trails for other purposes.

The plates are by no means uniform in quality, some of them

giving a much sharper picture than others. Especially notice-

able, and at the same time rather annoying, is the elongation of

the images on some of the photographs due to irregularities in

the clock, which failed to keep pace exactly with the diurnal mo-

1« The Praesepe Group, Measurement and Reduction of the Rutherfurd Photo-

graphs’’ by Frank Schlesinger. Annals of the N. Y. Academy of Sciences, Vol.

X. The page referred to is 282.

(58 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 399

tion of the stars. Then, again, the number of stars visible on

the different plates varies greatly. This is the case even when

the exposures were taken on the same night, although these

were always of the same length, namely six minutes. The larg-

est number of stars is found on the plates taken in 1875. In

spite of their variable quality, however, I decided not to omit

any of them, but to measure on each one all the stars that

could be plainly seen. This was necessitated by the fact that

I had but three plates of the early date; and again but five

taken in 1875 and showing a fairly large number of stars.

None of these could well be rejected without seriously injur-

ing either the proper motions in the one case, or the positions

in the other. But thereby the standard of excellence was

placed so low, that none of the others could legitimately be

omitted. The result is, that some of the stars show quite large

residuals, due’ to the difficulty of measuring hazy images. Es-

pecially is this the case for stars just on the limits of visibility,

and for those lying near the edge of the plate, where radial dis-

tortion becomes very marked. On the whole, the cluster is

not well adapted to photographic measurement, as it is very

scattered, and the range of brightness is large.

The origin of coordinates was taken to coincide with star 14

(12e Come Berenices). For the reduction it is necessary that

the point be known approximately where a line from the optical

center of the lens strikes the plate perpendicularly. Ruther-

furd always so adjusted his instrument, that this line should

pass through the image of some bright star, no. 14, in my case.

I subjoin Tasre I, giving all necessary data regarding the

plates. The column “ Date” shows the date, and that headed

‘“‘Sidereal Time,” the time of exposure. This latter is the mean

of four instants, namely the beginning and end of the first, and

the beginning and end of the second exposure. Next follow

the reading of the barometer, together with the attached and

external thermometers. The 7th and 8th columns refer to

the telescope, the former showing the readings of a thermo-

meter in contact with the tube, and the latter the reading of a

micrometer head at the eye end. This latter quantity depends

(59)

400 KRETZ.

on the distance of the plateholder from the object glass, and

may bear some relation to the scale value; a question which

cannot be settled, however, until many more of the Rutherfurd

photographs have been independently reduced. In the last

column will be found remarks regarding the quality of the

plate, and the number of stars measured.

TasLe I.—THE PLATEs.

Observatory of Lewis M. Rutherfurd, New York City.

Lat. = 40° 43/7 487.5 Long. = 4> 55™ 56562 W.

Exposures. | Atmosphere. | Telescope. |

INOMdl ahem ae ay Mes aes nace el 1 if Remarks.

Date. Sid. Time. Bar. Nae ae mak eos

| he messi | ° ° | ° | |

I) 1870. April 25.| 13 24 08 | 30.260 | 53 | 47 | 53 8.4 | Good; 13 stars.

II} 1870. April 25.| 14 00 05 | 30.260 | 53 | 47 | 53 8.4 | Fair; 17 stars.

III) 1870. April 26.| 12 20 55 | 30.200 | 58 | 53 | 58 8.5 | Good; 15 stars.

IV| 1875. June 2./ 14 16 18 | 30 250| 60 |.56° | 60 | 7.7 | Good; 20 stars.

V| 1875. June 2/| 14 47 02 | 30.250| 60 | 56 | 60 | 7.7 | Good; 18 stars.

VI| 1875. June 2.| 15 16 32 | 30.250| 60 | 56 | 60 | 7.7 | Good; 22 stars.

VII| 1875. June 4.| 14 43 12 | 30.250 | 68 | 66 | 70 |'7.6 | Poor; 16 stars.

VIII) 1875. June 4.| 15 13 02 | 30.250| 68 | 66 | 70 | 7.6 | Good; 23 stars.

IX) 1876. May 26.| 13 27 18 | 30.136] 59 | 55 | 60 | 7.7 | V.Good; 14 stars.

X| 1876. May 26.| 13 55 38 | 30.136| 59. | 55 | 60 | 7.7 |Good; 16 stars.

XI| 1876. May 26.) 14 24 52 30.136| 59 | 55 | 60 | 7.7 | Good; 16 stars.

XII} 1876. May 26.| 14 53 32 | 30136| 59 | 55 | 60 | 7.7 | Fair; 16 stars.

XIIT| 1876. May 27.) 13 2038 | 30.086 66 | 63 65 | 7.65 | Poor: 15 stars.

XIV) 1876. May 27.) 13 51 52 30.086 | 66 | 63 | 65 | 7.65 | Fair; 16 stars.

Measurement.—The fourteen plates were measured during

the winters 1896-1897 and 1897-1808, and one of them in the

fall of 1898. During the first year, three observers were en-

gaged in the work: Mr. William H. Hays, then graduate stu-

dent in astronomy, Dr. Schlesinger, and myself; after the spring

of 1897 only the latter two remained. In this connection, I

wish to thank the two gentlemen, Messrs. Hays and Schlesinger,

for their interested and arduous services rendered in my behalf.

The older Repsold measuring machine of the observatory

was used throughout. A full description of one of these ex-

(60)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 401

cellent instruments will be found in Dr. Scheiner’s recent work

‘Die Photographie der Gestirne,” p. 148. I shall say only a

few words on the subject : The essential features of the machine

are a strong iron frame, to which are attached a circular mov-

able plate-holder, and two parallel fixed bridges, one bearing

three microscopes and the other a straight scale. The holder

is capable of rotation about its centre, and of motion in a direc-

tion perpendicular to the bridges. In this motion it is guided

by an accurately straight steel cylinder, which is long enough

to permit the entire plate to pass underneath the microscope

bridge. This latter bears, as already stated, three microscopes.

Two of them are permanently fixed to either end, and point at

a graduated circle on the circumference of the holder. They

contain comb-micrometers, and read to seconds of arc. The

third, or measuring microscope, is mounted on a straight guid-

ing-way, and has motion entirely across the plate, in a direction

perpendicular to the cylinder. It is evident that any point on

the plate may be brought into the field of view. At the left

hand end of the bridge is attached a lever arm, by means of

which the guiding-way together with the microscope may be

raised through a small angle. When in this position, the

microscope points at the scale. Readings are made by means

of a filar micrometer. This is so arranged, that two revolu-

tions of the screw carry the wires over one division of the scale,

z. €., over one millimeter. The head is divided into one hun-

dred parts, so that twothousandths of a millimeter can be read

by estimation. As the machine was originally designed for the

measurement of réseau plates, the microscope has two screws

at right angles to each other; they are designated as the hori-

zontal and the vertical screw respectively.

From the above description of the machine, the method of

measuring follows immediately. The microscope being pointed

at a star, the micrometer is read; then by means of the lever

arm, it is made to point at the scale, and, without moving the

microscope itself, the screw is turned until the threads cover

the next lower division, and the head is again read. The dif-

ference of the two readings, added to the number of the line,

(61)

402 KRETZ.

will give the position of the star with respect to the scale, since

the micrometer is so arranged, that the head will show increas-

ing numbers, when the threads are made to move in a direction

opposite to increasing numbers on the scale. . To measure the

plate, then, the following operations were always performed :

Set the plate correctly in the holder, z. ¢., so, that the meas-

ured coordinates will coincide approximately with right ascen-

sion and with declination. ‘This is done by first making the line

joining the central star with its trail (or third image) parallel to the

cylinder, and then turning the plate through go°, in such a way

that the trail shall be ¢o the right.’ Then will the hour angle in-

crease toward the left on the plate, and the direction of a circle of

declination will be perpendicular to the scale. Read the gradu-

ated circle on both microscopes, observe for runs,” and take the

temperature. Now measure the position of each star as fol-

lows: Point the microscope on the East Image of the star and

read the micrometer ; point at the scale and read twice on the

next lower line ; point again on the star and read. Move the

microscope so that, the micrometer standing approximately at

the same point as before, the wires bisect the West Image. Re-

! Nore,—lIt will be seen that this method of orientation involves an error due to

the curvature of the path of the central star on the plate, which, for high declina-

tions, becomes large. For a star which describes a small circle in the sky will trace

an arc on the photograph, and if the plate is oriented by the method described above,

the cylinder will be made parallel to a tangent to this curve at the mzdd/e point be-

tween the central star and its trail, and not, as should be the case, at the star itself.

It is easily seen that the value of this error in seconds of arc, «,// is

K/L aa? tan

where @/’ is the distance in seconds between the central star and its trail (obtained

by multiplying the distance in mm. by an approximate scale value) and d is the

declination of that star. If then we move the holder through an angle x’’, the plate

will be much more accurately oriented and the least square solution for the con-

stants of reduction will be greatly simplified. The sign of this correction will depend

on the position of the plate (whether in the northern or in the southern hemis-

phere), and also onthe graduation of the plate-holder. In general it can be de-

termined from the consideration that the true East and West line passes through a

point which has an arithmetically smaller declination than the trail. In orienting

my plates, 1 always applied the above correction. The method is due to Dr. Schle-

singer.

2See Sect. II, “‘ RUNS AND SCREW ERRORS.”’

(62)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 403

peat the operation as for the East Image. Take the mean of

the readings on the scale, and subtract from it the mean of the

readings on both images. The difference, dzwided by 2, is the

distance in millimeters of the mean position of the star beyond

the given line on the scale. It is designated in the following

by % m. Measure in this way all the stars, beginning with the

central. Read the temperature. Remeasure all the stars in

the inverse order, with the micrometer head set now at half a

revolution from its previous position, in order to eliminate peri-

odic errors of the screw. Read the runs, circles, and temper-

ature.

In this way, on one day, all the stars were measured in one

position of the plate. Two observers were always engaged on

the work, each one reading all the stars, the runs, and the

circles. After completing the measures in one position, the

plate is rotated through 90°, and the process is repeated. It is

then evident, that if the first position gave differences in right as-

cension, the second would give differences in declination. Since

the two images are separated on the plate by about a millimeter

in right ascension, it was in general necessary to use two lines on

the scale when measuring that coordinate, while for the other only

one was required. In all other respects the measures in both

positions are entirely similar. To reduce personality, observa-

tions were made with the plate respectively 180° and 270° from

its original position, care being taken that the same pair of ob-

servers should always read one coordinate in both directions.

The greater part of the systematic error, due to the difficulty

of judging the center in hazy images, cannot be eliminated by

this method, however. The only way to obviate its effect, is to

multiply the number of the plates, if that is possible.

In Tasces II and III are recorded all the observational data

from which the succeeding reductions are made. TasLe II

gives the daily record: It shows the date of measuring the

plate, the runs in millimeters on 10 mm. spaces, the circle

readings, the mean temperature of the morning, the position of

the plate, and the initials of the observers, Schlesinger, Hays

or Kretz. The runs as here given are the mean of the two

(63)

404 KRETZ.

observations taken before and after measuring the stars. The

circle readings as recorded show the degrees and minutes of the

right hand microscope, while the seconds are the mean of all

the readings for the morning. The terms in the fifth column

require a little explanation: It has been stated that the normal

position for the plate is fra right. Measures taken in this

position are designated as x direct. Counter-clockwise rota-

tion of the holder, which is the direction of increasing numbers

on the circle, brings the trails up. Measures in this position are

denoted as y direct. The meaning of the other terms follows

at once. It should be mentioned, that for trail right, right

ascension, and for trail up, north polar distance, increase to-

wards the left on the plate, and that the numbers on the scale

increase towards the right.

TasLe III gives the uncorrected measured coordinates in

terms of the scale-divisions and of % a, obtained as previously

explained. As has been stated, the micrometer could be read

by estimation to twothousandths of a millimeter. The mean

being taken to one decimal further, unity in the last place of

¥Y% m will be a tenth of a micron. This corresponds approxi-

mately to 0’’.005. The same statement applies to the quantities

given in the fifth and ninth columns of the tables. In general

it will be found that two lines are given for the 1’s and one for

the y’s, agreeing with what has previously been said on this

subject. In a few cases a negative sign is attached to % m:

this means that the next higher ‘line on the scale was used.

The numbers of the stars in the tables were assigned by me, and

increase with the right ascension. :

(64)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 405

TaBLeE I].—Dairy REcorps.

Date, Runs

1897. ae Circle. Ther. Position of Plate. |

Plate V.

Jan. 29 —o,0028 | 181 28 5634 64.6 y direct.

ES BRIO —0.0030 91 29 2%) 64.6 x direct.

Hebi si —0.0020 I 28 56% 68.5 y reversed.

ce 2 —0O.001I0 271 2858% | 589 x reversed,

Plate I.

Oo 4 ‘i

Feb. 20 | -+0.0028 550 0% | 65.2 x direct. |

235 OOOO 95 49 5934 | 65.0 | y direct.

SO yi +0.0018 | 275 4959 64.6 | y reversed, |

S25 lei O:0055 111 185,50 o% | 63.4 | x reversed. |

Plate VI.

Oo 4 “d |

March 9 | -+0.0065 | 271 25 734 | 62.7 x direct.

«10 | -+0.0065 gil 25 8 63.6 x reversed.

eee Uae ee OLOOTO) I 25 103% | 62.1 y direct.

« 12-) +0.0015 | 181 25 934 | 62.1 y reversed,

Plate IV.

April 17 | +-0.0168 gl 42 40% 65a7he | x direct. |

19) | -Fol0or52 | 181 42 40% | 64.8 | y direct. |

2 O +0.0170 | I 42 3834 | 68.1 y reversed, |

oo PE | SECO) I Ayan Main | ove} x reversed, |

Plate VII.

| fo} ‘ dé a | at 5

May 10 | +0.0340 | 181 2219% | 71.1 | y direct.

‘OO Tt |) 10340 | (or 22:28 % |) 72.5: || direct.

““ 12\ | +0.0312 I 22 20% | 72.5 | y reversed.

SO TS | OLa325 aor 2211834 |h172. 50. | « reversed,

Plate IX.

Wee 2/1) oes) 8701 4% | 66.9 | x direct.

ea OL OMNOm lal On Aes) 0467, y direct.

ee OLOl2 Sim 26 7fOle Si). On x reversed.

‘SES. —O.0115 | 357 01 8% 67.0 | y reversed,

Plate X.

| | 6. / a | |

Dec. 11 .| —0.0125 | 26657 27% | 69! Ty) enlace direct:

UAC OLOlS) lin SON577, 20 AOE 2 | x reversed.

ser a1G 0.0128 | 35657283, 66.4 | , y direct.

Sapa als) | —SOlds5) | 17 Sy eee || See | y reversed,

( 65 )

406

Runs

in mm.

| —O.0IT2

| —0.0122

—0.0138

—0.0142

KRETZ.

Tasre Il.—(Contenued.)

Circle

Ther. ;

Position of Plate.

Obs.

Plate VIII.

“ |

271 21.26% |

I 20 27% |

or-28 25. "|

18t 2126 |

63.5

65.6

65.2

61.2

x direct.

y direct.

,x reversed.

y reversed.

Plate ILI.

| —O.O1IO

—0o.0110

| —O.0115

| 273 28 26% |

3 28 24 |

93 28 22% | |

| 183 28 23

x direct.

v direct.

x reversed.

y reversed.

Plate XI.

| —0.0115

| —O.01IO

—O.OIIO

| —o.o118

| 267 23 45%

| 177 23 42% |

| 357 23 44% |

67.8

65.8

65.5

87 23 4034

y reversed.

x reversed.

y direct.

x direct.

iets XIT.

—0.0125

| —0.0135

| —0.0105

—0,0120

| 267 17 7%

| 357 17 10% |

8717 734

PaGaL

59-1

59.0

59-3

59.6

x direct.

y direct.

~ 2 reversed.

y reversed.

Plate XIII.

| —O.011I2

| —0O.01T5

—0. 0102

—0.O0108

66.6

66.7

67.9

67.4

| 357 34 15% |

87 34 14% |

| 177 34 164

| 20 34 17%

x direct.

y direct.

x reversed,

y reversed.

Plate XIV.

| —O,.OII5

| —o.0088

l ——O1O LTS

| —O.O112

| 267 52 37% |

| 87 52 36%

357852! 38), 4

| wa 52 35% |

x direct.

x reversed.

y direct.

y reversed.

Plate Tele

| 0.0030

+-0.0035

—o.0008

—0o.0o18

° ‘ a |

| 185 57 4234 |

27557 43. |

5 57 41% |

95 57 43

x direct.

y direct.

x reversed.

y reversed.

STARS

AbMsieioy JUN

ym.

IN COMA BERENICES.

MEASUREMENTS.—PLATE § I.

407

Star.) Lines. ae Se lines ed

x direct. y direct.

4 | 94,95 | 0.8579 | 0.8598 | —o.co19! 73 | 0.9498 | 0.9482 | +-0.0016

5 | 94,95 | 0.3450 | 0.3432 | + 18 | 116 | 0.3085 | 0.3049 | -+ 36

6 | 88,89 | 0.1529 | 0.1504 | + 2 57 | 0.9234 | 0.9231 | + B

7 | 86,87 | 0.1874 | 0.1838 | + 36} 68 0.8505 | 0.8469 | + 36

8 | 83,84 | 0.2339 | 0.22908 |+ 41] 54 | 0.8404) 0.8398 | + 6

9 | 83,84 | 0.2649 | 0.2621 |-+ 28 7 | 9.5781 | 0.5762 | —- 19

IO | 77,78 | 0.8001 | 0.8021 | — 20 5., | 0.5728 | 0.5715 | + 13

14 | 61,62 | 0.4092 } 0.4072 | + 20} 63 | 0.3152 | 0.3158 | — 6

I5 | 61,62 | 0.1330 | 0.1326 | + 4} 62 | 0.1146] 0.1151 | — 5

21 | 37,38 | 0.6348 | 0.6360 | I2| 63 | 0.6746 | 0.6749 | — 3

22 | 33,34 | 0.8319 | 0.8341 | — 22| 80 | 0.5181 | 0.5142 | + 39

23, | 31,32 | 0.6396 | 0.6378 | = 18} 45 | 0.4046 | 0.4074 | — 28

24 | 22,23 | 0.5546 | 0.5514 > + 32| 43 | 0.9442 | 0.9442 fe)

x reversed. y reversed.

A | 24,23 | 0.6959 | 0.6980 | —o.o021| 45 | 0.6011 | 0.6052 | —o.0041

Sa 2 52 Au O.212O mm OLon rn =e As 2 | 0.2530 | 0.2545 15

6 | 31,30] 0.4008 | 0.4044 | — 36] 61 | 0.6308] 0.6295 |+ 13

7 | 33,32 | 0.3676 | 0.3701 | — 25] 50 | 0.7036 | 0.7046 | — 10

8 | 36,35 | 0.3278 | @.3184 |} 34 | 64 | 0.71361 0.7126 +--+ ite)

9 | 36.35 | 0.2922 | 0.2926 | — 4| III | 0.9761 | OO77/56 = 4

IO | 41,40,| 0.7552 | 0.7578 | — 26] 113 | 0.9905 | 0.9900 | ++ 5

14 | 58,57 | 9.1462 | 0.1459 | + Ball Onn Os2364 110.2209) 105

15 | 58,57 | 90-4220 | 0.4179 | +- AT 57 0.4334 0:4339 |) = 5

21 | 81,81 | 0.4200 | a 4195 | + 51 55 | 0.8781 | 0.8768 | + Ti

22 | 85,84 | 0.7241 | 0.7246 _— 51 39 0.0398 OLO2 7 ele 27

22 | 87587 | o.at8r | \e.4172 || 9! 74 | 0.1465 0.1449 | + 16

24 | 96,96 0.5016 | 0.5068 | — 52| 75 | 0.6101 | 0.6104 | — 3

(67)

408 KRETZ.

Tasie III. (Contenued.)—Pvate II.

ym, | ; wm.

A—S | Lines, '-

Kretz, | Schles, Kretz. | Schles, |

x direct. y direct.

109,110 | 0.3222 | 0.3191 ; 0.5651 | 0.5598

104,105 | O.117I | O.1114 | 9.2782 | 0.2772 |

84,85 | 0.4978 | 0.4960 | ~ | 0.6494 | 0.6434

84,84 | 0.4748 | 0.4745 | I—.0074 |—.0030

77,78 .| 0.7951 | 0.7892 | + 0.6299 | 0.6255

75,70 | 0.8240 | 0.8229 | 0.5474 | 0.5496

72,73 | 0.8644 | 0.8730 0.5369 | 0.53738

73,73 | 0.3951 | 0.3972 0 2808 | 0.2796 |

67,68 | 0.4310 | 0.4328 0.2676 | 0.2674

51,52 0.0468 0.0449 | | 0.0136 | 0.0139

50,51 | 0.7680 | 0.7676 | 0.8186 | 0.8160

41,42 | 0.3262 | 0.3265 | | 0.3715 | 0.3725

36,36 | 0.4318 | 0.4321 |

27,28 | 0.2705 | 0.2699

23.24 | 0.4726 | 0.4718 | *

21,22 | 0.2770 | 0.2750

12,13 | 0.1865 | 0.1866

+b | be EP +

x reversed, y reversed,

10,9 | 0.1916 | 0.1865

15,14 | 0.3998 | 0.4012

34,34 | 0.5149 | 0.5112

35:34 | 0.5352 | 0.5318

41,40 | 0.7226 | 0.7263

43,42 | 0.6872 | 0.6861

46,45 | 0.6445 | 0 6374 i—.0260 |—.0265

46,45 | 0.6137 | 0.6115 | 0.2348 | 0.2296

52,51 | 0.0749 | 0.0749 0.2450 | 0.2431

68.67 | 0.4621 | 0.4608 O 4900 | 0.4914

68 67 | 0.7396 | 0.7420 | — 0 6924 | 0.6926

78,77 | 0.1881 | 0.1882 0.1391 | 0.1389

83,82 | 0.5800 | 0.5809 | — | 0.5583 | 0.5582

92,9I | 0.2399 | 0.2405 | | 0.1346 | 0.1311

96,95 0.0405 | 0.0419 | 0.2921 | 0.2926

98,97 | 0.2358 | 0.2375 0.4069 | 0.4035

24 | 107,106 | 0.3200 | 0.3246 0.8695 | 0.8689

ie)

fe}

Lam

| 0.9501 | 0.9466 |

| 0.2296 | 0.2289

0.8618 | 0.8615

0.5229 | 0.5148

0.8845 | 0.8831

7.0398 i—.0384

+++ |++|

tae (Paes || Sesede [| sess ae

(68)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 409

Tasie III. (Contenued.)—Ptate III.

Wy m.

as ER KES Lines.

Kretz. | Schles.

Kretz. | Schles. |

x direct. y direct.

| 116,116 0.5070 | oO. : | 0.9316 0.9309

| TIO,1II | 0.8131 | o. 7 0.6518 | 0.6500

| 91,92 | 0.1970 | ©. 0.0194 0.0180

90,91 | 0.6749 | oO. 0.3639 | 0.3660

84,85 | 0.4969 | oO. —.005I _—.0054

82,83 | 0.5234 | 0.5195 | 4 0.9208 0.9190

79,80 | 0.5730 | 0.57 0.9079 | 0.9082

79,80 | 0.5951 / 0.6519 0.6530

74,75 | 0.1288 | 0.1288 4 | 0.6448 0.6406

57:58 | 0.7422 | 0.7394 | + 0.3559 0.3840 |

57,59 | 0.4645 0.4675 0.1888 | 0.1878 |

34,34 | 0.4712 | 0.4708 | 4 0.7505 0.7478 |

30,31 | 0.1702 | 0.1684 0.5940 0.5902

0.4714 | 0.4679 | 4 6.4828 | 0.4774

0.3875 | 0.3856 | 4 0.0195 0.0198

x reversed. W. reversed.

0.6416 | 0.6449

0.9195 0.9190

0.5549 0.5538

0.2090 0.2099

0.5754 | 0.5756 |

0.6492 0.6498 |

0.6604 0.6605

0.9208 | 0.9200

0.9326 0.9286

0.1814 | 0.1792

oO 1006 0.3782 | 0.3768

0.5996 + 0.8181 0.8159

0.4001 —.021T0 —.0250

0.5976 0.0886 0.0876

0.6824 | : 0.5479 | 0.5479 |

+4++4+++4++1] 1 |

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Scr., XII, April 2, 1900.—26

(69)

410 KRETZ.

TasLe III. (Contenued.)—Pvate IV.

35 | 60 | 0.0844 | One

30} 76

21 | 36,37 | 0.4294 | 0.4329 |

22 | 32,33 | 0.6365 | 0.6395 |

0.9259 0.9246

| ym. | Ym.

Star.) Lines. | a | S—A | Lines.| a K—S

| Schles. | Hays. | Kretz. | Schles.

x direct. y direct.

I | 118,119 | 0.4700 | 0.4716 | | 0.0016 83 | 0.2781 | 0.2758 | +0.0023

2 | 113,114 |.0.2735 | 0.2761 | —_ 26) 71 |—.oI0I |\—.0068|— 33

4 | 93,94 | 0.6708 | 0.6728 | ae 20} 70 | 0.3578| 0.3600|/— 22

5 93,94 | 0.1411 | 0.1446 | *25 | II2 | 0.7045 | 0.7004 | + AI

6 86,88 | 0.4535 | 0.4565 | — 30] 54 | 0.3285 | 0.3298 | — 13

7 84,86 | 0.4828 | 0.4828 | o| 65 | 0.2506} 0.2539/— 33

8 81,83 | 0.5298 | 0.5262 | + 36] 51 | 0.2400 | 0.2400 O

9 82,83 | 0.0775 | 0.0768 | ++ 7 4 (—.0080 |—.oo061 | — 19

Io | 76,77 | 0.5935 | 0.5918 | + 17 I | 0.9744 | 0.9730 | + r

II 71,72 | 0.8395 | 0.8460|— 65] 111 | 0.6095} 0.6126|— 31

12 | 70,71 | 0.6272 |0.6318|— 46| 107 | 0.5810] 0.5826/— 16

1) 68,69 | 0.5621 | 0.5626 | — 51 48 | 0.8211} 0.8216 | — 5

14 60,61 | 0.2109 | 0.2148 | 39) 59 | 0.7249) 0.7219} + 30

15 59,60 | 0.9259 0.9291 | 32} 58 | 6.5258) 0.5254] + 4

17 57:58 | 0.3502 | 0.3498 | | 4} 57 | 0.0292 | 0.0296 | — 4

-|-

18 50,51 | 0.4846 | 0.4821 | + 25| 60 | 0.0790) 0.0776

23 | 30,31 | 0.4354 | 0.4361 | 7) 41 | 0.8180) 0.8156 24

24 21,22 | 0.3508 | 0.3486 | 22] 40 | 0.3479 | O. 3490 | Il

te reversed, y reversed.

I 1,0) |'03 ane 0.0895 —0.0049| 36 | 0.2765 0.2790 | —0.0025

2 | 6,5 | 0.2852 | 0.2871 | — 19| 48 0.5614 0.5630 | — 16

4 | 25,24 | 0.8882 | 0.8919 | — 37] 49 0.1934 0.1936 | — 2

5 | 26,25 | 0.4154 | 0.4218 | — 64 6 0.8602 | 0.8589 | + 103)

6 | 32,31 | 0.6021 | 0.6022 | — T| 65 |o: 2199 | 0.2210 | — II

7 | 34,33) |.0:573© |, 0:5752'|\— 161) 54) '0:2955)) (@:2070))|(—aals

8 | 37,36 | 0.5251 | 0.5299 | — 48} 68 | 0.3081) 0.3115 | — 34

9 | 37,36 | 0.4779 | 0.4831|— 52] 115 | 0.5664| 0.5635|-+ 29

10 | 43,41 | 0.4641 | 0.4698 | — 57 | 117 | 0.5829 | 0.5851 | — 22

II | 47,46 | 0.7145 | 0.7108 | ++ 37 7 | 0.9441 | 0.9512 | — 71

I2 | 49,47 | 0.4170 | 0.4244 | — 74 | 12,11 | 0.4719 | 90-4751; — 32

13 | 51,49 | 0.4945 | 0.4948 | — 3| 79 | 07345 | | 0.7340 | =- 5

T4 | 59,58 | 0.3461 | 0.3482 | — 21| 59 | 0.8324 0.8289 | + 35

15 | 59,58 | 0.6271 | 0.6268 | + 3| 61 | 0.0232 | | 0.0246 | — 14

17 | 62,61 | 0.2054 | 0.2031 | + 2 62 | 0.5225 | or 24a i 16

18 | 69,67 | 0.5735 | 0.5744 | — 9| 59 | 0.4738} 0.4741 | — 3

21 | 83,82 | 0.1235 |0.1282|— 47] 59 | 0.4699} 0.4664 | + 35

22 | 86,85 | 0.9219 0.9259 | — 40} 42 | 0.6320} 0.6295 | + 25

23 | 89,88 | 0.1218 |0.1261|— 43] 77 | 0.7371 | 0.7379 | — 8

24 | 98,97 | 0.2104 | 0.2081 | + 23] 79 | 0.2026 | 0.2044 | — 18

(70)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 411

Tasie III. (Contenmued.)—Piate V.

Wess | ym. | E : | Wm,

Star.| Lines. | S—H | Lines, ka S,

x direct. y direct.

I | 115,116 | 0.2261 | 0.2268 | —o.0007| 85 ‘| 0.7¢95 | 0.8002 | —o.0007

2 | 109,1II | 0.5240 | 0.5236 | + AN cape ossmasy | or542)i—— 74

A | 90,91 | 0.4206 | 0.4204 | + 2| 72 | 0.8872| 0.8888/— 16}

5 | 89,91 | 0.4045 | 0.4066 | — 21 | 115 | 0.2265 | 0.2236 | oh 29

6 83,84 | 0.6962 | 0.6939 | ++ 23} 56 | 0.8581.) 0.8618;— 37)

7 | 81,82 | 0.7296 | 0.7294 | + 2] 67 | 0.7849 | 0.7885|— 36]

8 | 78,79 | 0.7772 | 0.7774 | — 253) a O37 720.) O.7732) 12%

9 | 78,79 | 0.8032 | 0.8065 | — 33 6 | 0.5272) 0.5360|— 88§

Io | 73,74 | 0.3180 | 0.3185 ; — 5 A |0.5096| 0.5076!+ 20

13 | 65,66 |0.3105|0.3055|+ 50] 51 | 0.3511! 0.3536|— 25

14 | 56,58 | 0.4566 |0.4585|/— 19| 62 | 0.2589| 0.2630|/— 41

15 | 56,57 | 0.6715 | 0.6672; + 43| 6r | 0.0624] 0.0628 | — 45

18 | 47,48 | 0.2350 | 0.2282 | +- 68| 62 0.6159, 0.6186,— 27}

Ig | 41,43 | 0.3604 | 0.3534 | + 70| IIL | 0.2069} 0.20g0 | — 21 §

21 | 33,34 | 0.1815 | 0.1802 | + 135 | O25 8 O:6270'0. 0274) i 4}

22 | 29,30 | 0.3908 |0.3906|-+ 2] 79 | 0.4705| 9.4717 | — 6 |

220) 27-25) wi Ost lli O.07.3'5) |. —— 24| 44 | 0.3638 | 0.3628 | + 10 ff

24 | 17,19 | 0.5915 | 0.5939|— 24| 42 | 0.9019 | 0.8999 | + 20

x reversed, y reversed,

I 4,3 | 0.3330 | 0.3339 | —0.0009| 33 | 0.7594 |. 0.7622 | —0.0028

2) 19585) 05400; 0753735) oi. 22! 46 0.0390) 0.0434 | — 44

4 29,27 | 0.6365 | 0.6371 | — 6] 46 | 0.6656 | 0.6660 | — A}

5 | 29,28 | 0.6520 | 0.6514 | + 6 A 1.053339 | 0:3359))| = 29

6 36,34 | 0-359 | 0.3569 | + 21| 62 | 0.6899 | 0.6949 | — 50

7 37,36 | 0.8251 | 0.8231 | 20M pS len. 0354 @: 7,000" 254

8 40,39 | 0.7809 | 0.7778 — 3r] 65 | 0.7822 | 0.7830 | — 8]

9 | 40,39 | 0.7532|0.7451|+ 81] 113 | 0.0280] 0.0308;— 28]

Io | 46,45 | 0.2345 | 0.2326 | a 19! 115 | 0.0494 0.0528'— 34

1 SLRS ||) CLARO | CBAC) | Sy Brel OS" On ieletss | ChAOI@ | =— 122)

1A 2, Ol KO;50 SAN FO O02 ah 370757). O,2801 | OL2015, |) 240)

15 | 63,61 | 0.3809 | 0 3814 | — 5| 58 | 0.4870} 0.4908|— 38

18 | 72,71 | 0.3238 | 0.3229 | —- 9} 56 | 0.9359 | 0.9369|— 10

Ig | 77,76 | 0.6992 0.6949| + 43 8 | 0.3502 | 0.3486 | + 16 |

2I | 86,85 | 0.3746 | 0.3775 | — 29| 56 | 0.9240} 0.9221 | + 19

22 90,89 | 0.1672 | 0.1664 | +- 8} 4o | 0.0851 | 0.0895 | — 44 |

23 92,91 | 0.2808 | 0.3812 | — AN ae O LOols | TOmeoAyl 34

24 | IOI,100 | 0.4659 , 0.4635 | + 24] 76 | 0.6459/| 0.6496|— 3 |

(71)

412 KRETZ,

Taste III. (Contenued.)—Piate VI.

23 99,98 0.1809 G.1839

3 30 77 | 0.6421 | 0.6422

24 | 108,107 0.2648 | 0.2669

21 79 0.1089 | 0.1092 3

F | YY mi. : w% m. |

Star) uines; 7/2 | K—H_ | Lines. m2 | Se

| .Kretz. | Hays..| Schles. Hays. |

x direct. y direct.

| | | | | |

I | 108,109 | 0.4039 0.4035 , +-0.0004 | 83 | 0.3775 | 0.3790 | —0.0015

2 | 103,104 | 0.2052 | 0.2094; — 42] 7I | 0.09II | 0.0954 | —- 43

3 | 100, IOI | 0.2099 | 0.2155 |— 56 6 |0.560r | 0.5598 | + B

4 | 83,84 | 0.6019 | 0.6041} — 22] 70 | 0.4624 | 0.4628 | — 4

5 | 83,84 | 0.0738 | 0.0730 | -+ 8 | I12 | 0.7955 | 0.8022 | — 67

6 | 476,77 | 0.8864 | 0.8860 | + 4| 54 | 0.4332|0.4295|+. 37

7 | 7475 | 9.9162.) 0.9200 | — 38 | 65 | 0.3599 | 0.3596 | +- 3

8 | 72,72 | 0.4651 |0.4605|-+ 46] 51 | 0.3445 | 0.3444 | + I

9 | 72,72 | 0.5165 | 0.5169 | — 4 4 | 0.1045 0.0974) + = 71

Io | 66,67 | 0.5305 | 0.5314 | — 9 2 | 0.0802 | 0.0798 | -+ 4

Ir | 61,62 | 0.7779 | 0.7899 | — eye) |leanicie’ | 0.6935 | 0.6916 | + 19

I2 | 60,61 | 0.5730 | 0.5716 | + 14 | 107 | 0.6829 | 0.6781 Bae 48

13 | 58,59 | 0.5006 | 0.4998 | -+-- 848: ie 9215 0.9231 |=) sume

T4 | 50,51 | 0.1418/ 0.1478; — 60] 59 | 0.8246 | 0.8249 | — B

15 | 49,50 | 0.8639 | 0.8629) + IO | 58 | 0.6245 | 0.624515. fe)

16 | 49,49 | 0.5028 6.5054,/— 26] 112 |.0.6254 | 0.6255 | — I

1S | 40,41 | 0.4202 | 0.4204 | — 2 | 60) | 0.1758 |0:1750) 25 8

19 35135. | 0.5236 | 0.5259 | — 23 | 108° | 0.7605 | 0.7596 | +- 9

21 26,27 | 0.3728 | 0.3754 | — 26 | 60 | 0.1838 | 0.1825 | + 13

22 a)|, 22523.) O15 738 kOss7 504. —= 18 Tile O-O212)),0,0242) eas

23 | 20,21. | 0.3765 | 0.3769 | — 4 4I | 0.9145 O.QI4I | +- 4

24) SIE 25 O12012) FOr2OtO lat. 2 40 | 0.4502 0.4441 | + ~6I

x reversed. - y reversed.

I | 11,10 | 0.1544 | 0.1574 | —o.0030 | 36 | 0.1738 | 0.1748 | —o.0o010

2 | 16,15 | 0.3540] 0.3584|/— 44] 48 | 0.4608 | 0.4610 | — 2

3; 19,18 | 0.3451 | 0.3430 | + 2t | 112 | I.0018 | I.0020 | — 2

4 | 35:35 | 9.4509 | 0.4535 |— 26] 49 | 0.091I:} 0.0928)— 17

5 | 36,35 | 0.4808|0.4821|— 13 6 | 0.7624] 0.7639/— 15

6 | 42,41 | 0.6659 |0.6692|— 33] 65 |0.1210/0.1178|+ ° 32

7 | 44,43 | 0.6381 | 0.6386 | — 5 | 54 | 0.1946 | 0.1928 | + 18

8 | 47,46 | 0.5934 | 0.5925 | + 9 | 68 0.2096 0.2096 oO

9 47,46 | 0.5404|0.5445|— 41] 115 | 0.4552|0.4605|/— 53

To | 52,52 |0.5254|0.5291|— 37 | 117 | 0.4781 |0.4802|— 21

II 57,50 | 0.7724 | 0.7765 | — 4I 7 | 0.8656 | 0.8702 | — 46

I2 | 58,58 | 0.4824] 0.4835/— 11] I1 | 0.8765 | 018738) 27

13 60,60 | 0.5508 | 0.5525 | — 17 70 | 0.6330 | 0.6349 | — 19

14 , 69,68 | 0.4116 | 0.4149 | — 33) 59s On/S64 Osa 2a ee 13

15 69,68 0.6888 0.6909 | — 21 60 | 0.9284 0.9309 — 25

TOM 670,09, (Os5455)Or5475 = 20 Sem lichen) || Cerise) a ae

18 | 79,78 | 0:1361 | 0.1374;— 13] 59 | 0.3772 | 0.3775 | — 3

19 | 84,83 | 0.5319] 0.5295|-+ 24 | 10 | 0.7975 | 9.7902; + _ 73

21 93,92 | 0.1822 0.1821) + I 59 | 0.3699.) 0.3740 — 41

22 96,96 | 0.4872 | 0.4868 | + 4 42 | 0.5330) 0.5351) — 21

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 413

Tasie III. (Continued.)—Prate VII.

| yy m. | ym.

Star |pluintess s|/= a” Se ka Se |e imess calle eal a | KES

Kretz. | Schles. | Kretz. | Schles. |

x direct. y direct.

I | 118,119 | 0.7175 | 0.7142 | +0.0033| 85 | 0.9712 | 0.9705 | -+-0.c007

2 | 113,114 | 0:5238:| 0.5225 | ++ 13] 73 | 0.6826 | 0.6538 | — 12

dl | GING OLENA OCUG@ |e ME 7s | 0.0458 |0.0469|— 11

5 | 93,94 | 0.3831 | 0.3849 | — 18 | 115 | 0.3884 | 0.3870; ++ 14

6 | 87,88 | 0.2078 | 0.2098 | — 20| 57 | 0.0156 | 0.0158 | — 2

7. | 85,86 | 0.2355 | 0.2318 | + 27 | 67 | 0.9426 | 0.9434 | — 8

8) 82583 0:2750)0.2721) |) 38 | 53 | 0.9305 | 0.9306 | — I

9 | 82,83 | 0.3330] 0.3280|-+ 50 6 | 0.6925 0.6828 | — 3

LO} 7G Oss 5042) O34 74 ate 30 4 | 0.6578 | 0.6596 | — 18

14 60,61 | 0.4558 0.4509 | + 49| 62 | 0.4055 0.4084 — 29

15 60,61 | 0.1725 | 0.1729 | — 4] 61 | 0.2050 | 0.2042 | -F 8

18 50,51 | 0.7419 | 0.7434 | —- 15 | 62 | 0.7575 | 0.7580 | — 5

21 | 36,37 | 0.6810 | 0.6825 | — 15 62 0.7646 | 0.7655 | — 9

22 33,33 | ©3751 | 0.3748 | ++ 31° 79 | 0.6116 | 0.6068 |'+- 45

232 | 30,3 | 0.6852 | 0.6844 | ++ 8| 44. | 0.4926 | 0.4905 | + 21

2H 1215220 KO.COn TOGO Mies 2 33, (43) 010205) NOro281 4), — 16

x reversed. y reversed.

I 0,0 | 0.3394 | 0.3405 | —0.001I | 33 | 0.5938 | 0.5942 | — 0.0004

2 Br e574) ©2530) aa 2'| 45 + | 0.8719 | 0.8749 |— 30]

4 25,2 0.6386 | 0.6395 | — 9} 46 | 0.5026 | 0.5050 | — 24 |

5 20,2 5h Oo O) Onl7 Lou ——1 | 930; 4 | 0.1749 |.0.7741 | + 8 |

6 | 32,31 | 0.3446 | 0.3458 | — 12 62 | 0.5366 | 0.5362 | + Af

7 34,33 | 0.3240 | 0.3190 | + 50 5I | 0.6095 | 0.61118 | — 16 ff

8 Bod | © 27S | 277 |= BE) || OS || CLERGY GIO e | —— 7

@ |) Brad | O.22Ml| O29) || 45 5 || i || ONS) | CSG) qe 8) Bo)

Io | 42,4t | 0.7056 | 0.7065 | — g] 114 | 0.9016 0.9016 | o |

f 14 | 58,58 | 0.6011 | 0.6032 | — 2I 57. | 0.1438 | 0.1438 of

15 | 59.58 | 0.3750 | 0.3762|— 12] 58 | 0.3458 | 0.3449 | -- 9

18 | 68,67 | 0.8122 | 0.8138 | — 16| 56 | 0.7986 | 0.7960 | -+- 26 |

21 | 82,82 || 0.3702 | 0.3689 | + 3 | 50) 6017929, Oyen: om |

22 | 86,85 | 0.6841 | 0.6814 | + 27 39. | 0.9502 | 0.9508 | — 6

23 | 88,88 | 0.3674 | 0.3689|— 15] 75 | 0.0615 | 0.0609 | + 6

24 | 97,97 | 0.4525 | 0.4514 | + II 701s O15 204: | 0.5212) 2

(73)

414 KRETZ.

Tasie III. (Contenued.)—Puate VIII.

I i | : | ym.

Zs | &£—S | Lines. | /s

Kretz. | Schles. | | Kretz. | Schles.

| ang

x direct. y direct.

0.6561 | 0.6550 , +0.0011

| 0.3644 | 0.3656 | — 12

| 0.7318 | 0.7302 | +

Io | If3 | 0.0761 | 0.0705 | +

(2)

(e)

ie)

I | 116,116 | 0.5630 | 0.5622

2 | III,III | 0.3661 | 0 3639 |

4 91,92 | 0.2635 | 0.2630 |

5 | 90,91 | 0.7289 | 0.7279

iS)

Orn

He | Ptt+++t+ 14) | ++4+44+4+4+4

“

84,85 | 0.5426 | 0.5419 |

82,83 | 0.5731 | 0.5700 |

“NI

31 65 | 0.6281 0.6262 |

27 | 51 | 0.6125 | 0.6106

0.3662 | 0.3719 | — 57

I 2 | 0.3440 | 0.3434 | ++

33, | I12 |—.0295 |—.0312 | +-

26 | 107 | 0.9535 | 0.9536 | —

43 49 ,| 0.1891 | 0.1875 | +

1 | 60 | 0.0g1I | 0.0905, +

Ig} 58 | 0.8935 | 0.8932 | +

20 | II2 | 0.9059 | 0.9022 | +

| 0.4011 | 0.4004 | +

79,80 | 0.6232 | 0.6205

9 | 79,80 | 0.6764 | 0.6710 |

Io | 74,75 | 0.1859 | 0.1860 |

II | 69,70 | 0.4272 | 0.4305

12 68,69 | 0.2214 | 0.2188

13 | 66,67 | 0.1528 | 0.1571

14 | 58,58 | 0.3009 | 0.3008

TO 575° | 0.5149 | 0.5130

16 | 56,57 | 0.0636 | 0.6616

17 | 55,55 | 0.441r | 0.4396

18 | 48,48 | 0.5712 | 0.5069 |

Ig | 42,43 | 0.6832 | 0.6829 |

20 | 39,40 | 0.6126 | 0.6124

(e)

0.0374 | 0.0355 |

2] IIL | 0.5058 0.5065

21 | 34,34 | 0.5282 | 0.5285 3 60 | 0.4538 | 0.4511 27

22 | 30,31 | 0.2274 | 0.2280 6] 77 | 0.2902 | 0.2869 | 33

23 | 28,28 | 0.5291 | 0.5279 12} 42 | 0.1801 | 0.1802 | I

24 | 19,19 | 0.4498 | 0.4492 6| 40 | 0.7191 | 0.7189 =

x reversed. y reversed,

I 3,2 | 0.5154 | 0.5120 | +0.co34 | 35 | 0.9135 0.9139 | —0.0004

2 8,7. | 0.7099 | 0.7104 | — 5 48 | 0.2021 | 0.2012 | + 9

4 | 28,27 |03111|0.3072/+ 39] 48 | 0.8346) 0.8334 | + 7

5 28,28 | 0.3438 | 0.3440 | — 2 6 | 0.5039 | 0.5012 | + 27,

6 | 34,34 | 0.5342 | 0.5294 | + 48 | 64 | 0.8631 | 0.8629 | + 2

7 | 36,36 | 0.4976 | 0.4985|— 9] 53 | 0.9394 | 0.9391 | + 3

8 || 39:39 || 014492 || 0.4401) —- I] 67 | 0.9548 | 0.9551 | — 3

9 | 3939 0.3999 | 0.3996 | + 3 | 115 | 0.2030 | 0.2039 | — 9

Io | 45,44 | 0.3845 | 0.3824 | a 21) | 117, 4 0:2318 | 10} 23058 1-1 13

Ir | 50,49 | 0.1475 | 0.1406 | -+ 69 7. | 0.6089 | 0.6036 | + 53

12 | 51,50 | 0.3524|0.3534/— 10| 11 | 0.6195/0.6176|+ 19

13 53.52 | 0.4158] 0.4142 | + 16} 70 | 0.3818 | 0.3824 | — 6

14 | 61,60 | 0.7686] 0.7654|-+ 32] 59 |0.4785/0.4756|+ 29

15 | 61,6£ | 0.5535 | 0.5546 | — II 60 | 0.6766 | 0.6748 | + 18

16 | 62,62 | 0 4095 | 0.4076 | + 19 6 | 0.6698 | 0.6732 | — 34

17 | 64,63 | 0.6312 | 0.6302 | —+ IO | 62 | 0.1690 | 0.1682 | + 8

18 | 71,70 | 0.4992 | 0.4965 | + 27 | 59 | 0.1202 | 0.1214 | — 12

Ig | 76,76 | 0.3894 | 0.3898 | — A) | SEOH (025375) 10.5834a a ae

20 | 79,79 | 0.4620 | 0.4609 | ++ II 8 | 0.0681 | 0.0655 | + 26

21 | 85,84 | 0.5440 | 0.5438 | + 2 59 | O.1I7I | O.LIQL | — 20

22 | 89,88 | 0.3461 | 0.3421 | —- 40 | 42 | 0.2828 | 0.2816 | + 12

23 | 91,90 | 0.5451 | 0.5404 | + 47 77. | 0.3902 | 0.3918 a 16

24 | 100,99 | 0.6236 | 0.6238 — .2] 78 0.8555 0.8528 | 27

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 415

Tasce III. (Continwed.)—Puate IX.

Wm. ym,

Star, | Lines. 1 KES Lines. |

x direct. y direct.

| 0.0719 | 0.0690

| 0.7826 | 0.7815

| 0.1442 | 0.1461

| 0.4836 | 0.4836 |

0.0386 | 0.0366 |

| 0.0261 | 0.0250 |

| 0.7881 | 0.7878

| 0.7564 | 0.7569 |

| 0.5016 | 0.5021

| 0.3018 | 0.2999

| 0.8532 | 0.8526

| 0.6914 | 0.6925

| 0.5868 | 6.5836

| 0.1199 | 0.1209 |

116,117 | 0.8440 | 0.8381 |

| III, 112 | 0.6484 | 0.6488 |

92,92 | 0.5455 | 0.5451 |

91,92 | 0.5022 | 0.5029 |

83,84 | 0.3648 | 0.3585 |

80,81 | 0.4150.| 0.4174 |

80,81 | 0.4790 | 0.4750 |

75975 | 0.4909 | 0.4880 |

58,59 | 0.5828 | 0.5844 |

58,59 | 0.3030 | 0.3036 |

34,35 | 0.8115 | 0.8126 |

31,31 | 0.5039 | 0.5036 |

28,29 | 0.8178 | 0.8199

19,20 | 0.7445 | 0.7402 |

fo)

HIFL 1 [+4441 +14

x reversed. y reversed.

251 | 0.7360 | 0.7349 | +-0.001I1 0.5056 | 0.5059

Feil 0.4249 | 0.4261 | — 12 0.7891 | 0.7864

26,27 | 0.5279 | 0.5260 | a 19 | 0.4226 | 0.4246

27,27 | 0.5700 | 0.5678 | + 0.0984 | 0.0915 |

36,35 | 0.2141 | 0.2128 | + | 0.5351 | 0.5319

39,38 | 0.1574 | 0.1611 | — 0.5480 | 0.5458

39,38 | 0.0960 | 0.0972 | — | 0.7899 | 0.7875

44,43 | 0.5809 | 0.5815 | — 0.8142 | 0.8128

60,60 | 0.4910 | 0.4902 | + | 0.0658 | 0.0691

61,60 | 0.2688 | 0.2708 | — 0.2671 | 0.2688

84,83 | 0.7565 | 0.7591 | — | 0.7155 | 0.7139

88,87 | 0.5665 | 0.5669 | -— | 0.8768 | 0.8768 |

90,89 | 0.7518 | 0.7546 | — | --0170 |—.0150

99,98 | 0.8358 | 0.8295 | -+ 0.4514 | 0.4506

(75)

416

| KRETZ.

Tas_e III. (Contenued.)—PLate X.

: | % m. : | ym, |

Star. | Lines... | pas K—S_ | Lines. | fo kha

x direct. y direct:

it. 113,114 | 0.3234 | 0.3208 | +-0.0026| 86 | 0.2979 | 0.2959 | +-0.0020

20) |1O8; 19) |O5127.21)| | 0-1304 | — 32] 74 0.0085 0.0106 | — 21

4 | 88,89 ./ 0.5262 | 0.5255 | + 7 | 73 | 90-3759 | 0.3754 | — 4

5 | 88,88 | 0.4890 | | 0.4862 | + 28] II5 | 0.7070 | 0.7061 | + 9

6 +! 81,82 | 0.8085 | 0.8068 | +- L775 fs OBA82nOrsA7 Ae. 8

7 | 79,80 | 0.8375 | 0.8365 | + 10| 68 | 0.2682 | 0.2675 | + 7

8 | 76,77 | 0.8894 | 0.8885 | + 9| 54 | 0.2530 0.2508 | + 22

9 | 77,77 | 0.4504 | 0.4506 | — 2 7 | 0.0102 0.0132} — 30

Io | 71,72 | 0.4591 | 0.4592 | — I 5 |—-0132 |—.e114 | — 18

14 | 55,56 | 0.0611 | 0.0642 |—* 31 |) 62 -| 0.7330) 0.7338 | — 8

15 | 54,55 | 0.7846 | 0.7838 | + 8] 61 0.5306 | 0.5309 — 3

18 | 45,46 | 0.3384 | 0.3440|/— 56] 63 | 0.0811 | 0.0808 | + 3

21 || 31,32) | 0.2909;| 0.2924 | — 15] 63 | 0.0885 | 0.0886 | — I

22 | 27,28 | 0.4865 | 0.4858 | + 71 79 | 0.9278 | 0.9288 |— Io

23 | 25,26 | 0.2966 | 0.2974 | — 8} 44 | 0.8208 | 0.8199 | + 9

24 | 16,17 | 0.2174 | 0.2150 | + 24] 43 | 0.3552 0.3589 — 37

oe reversed, y reversed.

I 6,5 | 0.2449 | o. 2476 | —0.0027 | 33 0.2816 | 0.2811 | -+0.0005

2 | II,I0 | 0.4430 | 0.4445 | — 15} 45. | 0.5610 | 0.5622 | — 12

4 31,30 | 0.0442 | 0.0449 | — 71 46 | 0.1946 | 0.1944 | + 2

5 31,30 | 0.5838 | 0.5861 | — 23 3 | 0.8681 | 0.8685 — 4

6 | 37,36 | 0.7638 | 0.7629 | + 9| 62 ! 0.2221 | 0.2238 | — 17

i 39,38 | 0.7318 | 0.7322 | — 4} 51 | 0.3011 | 0.3025 | — 14

8 42,41 | 0.6811 | 0.6792 | + 19| 65 | 0.3166 /|0.3186;— 20

OW e42 yA 0.6245 | 0.6168 | + 77 | 112 | 0.5606 | 0.5620 | — 14

Io | 48,47 | 0.1142 | 0.1102 | + 4o}] 114 | 0.5840 0.5858 — 18

14 64,63 | 0.5032 | 0.5032 | o}| 56 | 0.8351 0.8361;|— Io

15 | 64,63 | 0.7844)0.7795|+ 49] 58 | 0.0371 | 0.0371 | fe)

18 74,73 | 0.2335 | 0.2320 | + I5| 56 |c.4891 | 0.4886 | + 5

21 88,87 0.2800 0.2806 | — 6] 56 | 0.4802 | 0.4796 | + 6

22 92,91 | 0.0872 | 0.0886 | — 14] 39 | 0.6421 | 0.6435 lee 14

23 94,93 | 0.2758 | 0.2776|— 18] 74 | 0.7484)|0.7470|-+ 14

24 | 103,102 | 0.3649 | 0.3592 | -|- 57| 76 | 0.2141 | 0.2148 | — 7

(76)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 417

Tasre III. (Continued. )—Piate XI.

3 Ym. ; ym.

Stare pee Me Se, | Somes ee EIS ee Se eimesn ees ee KES

Kretz. | Schles.

a direct.

I | 115,116 | 0.1050 | 0.0976 | +-0.0074} 85 | 0.6549 | 0.6510 | -+0.0039

2 | 109,110 | 0.9070 | 0.9062 | ++ 8| 73 | 0.3641 | 0.3659 |

4 | 90,91 | 0.3026 | 0.3010 | + 16} 72 | 0.7310 | 0.7299 | + II

5 — 29 | II5 | 0.0649 | 0.0631 | ++ 18

6 | 83,84 | 0.5946 | 0.5905 | + 41 | 56 | 0.7060 | 0.7035 | + 25

7 | 81,82 | 0.6135 | 0.6128 | -- 71 67 | 0.6280 | 0.6208 |

8 | 78,79 | 0.6694! 0.6629)-- 65| 53 |0.6142|0.6096/+ 46

9 ale

ate) —-

—

ioe)

89,90 | 0.7635 | 0.7664

25 6 | 0.3726 | 0.3706 | +- 20

43 4 | 0.3458 | 0.3455 | + 3

26| 62 | 0.0909/0.0894;-+ °I5

27| 60 | 0.8961 | 0.8946 | + 15

19} 62 | 0.4459 | 0.4438 | + 21

TI} 62 | 0.4491 | 0.4464 | + 27

34] 79 | 0.2870 | 0.2869 | + I

2) 44 | 0.1779 | 0.1772 |.+

44] 42 | 0.7154

| 78,79 | 0.7289 | 0.7264

| 73974 | 0.2374 | 0.2331

14 | 56,57 | 0.8426 | 0.8400

15 | 56,57 | 0.5632 | 0.5659

SOMME eA Orn Ona ly |(Onl 212 |

2I | 33,34 | 0.0709 | 0.0698

22 29,30 | 0.2689 0.2655

23 27,28 | 0.0744 | 0.0746

24 | 18,19 |—.co16 |—.co60

OFS) || 5

x reversed. y reversed,

| 4,3 | 0.4698 | 0.4730 | —0.0032} 33 | 0.9211 | 0.9220 | —9.0009

2* | 9,8 0.6674 | 0.6631 | + 43] 46 | 0.2062 | 0.2078 | — 16

A? | 29,28 | 0.2696] 0.2675|—— 21] 46 | 0.8368|08405/— 37

Bie 2G ,28 | 0.8052 | 0.8049 | + B 4 | 0.5128 | 0.5100 || + 28

6 36,35 |—.0194 |—.o211 | + 17} 62 | 0.8656 | 0.8645 | + II

7 38,36 | 0.4594 0.4579 + I5| 51 | 0.9416; 0.9402 | + 14

8 | 40,39 | 0.9111 | 0.9076 | + 35] 65 | 0.9599 | 0.9572 | + 27

9 | 40,39 | 0.8484 | 0.8425 | + 59 | 113 | 0.2010 | 0.2010 | oO

to || 46,45 POMs7iaNO! saan) = 29] 115 | 0.2256 | 0.2248 | + 8

TAN) | O2, OF nO: 7290007235) | ats | 5 5u|) aia NO: 47956 0-47.34"), LOL

15 63,62 | 0.0098 | 0.0035 | + 63] 58 | 0.6739 | 0.6721 | + 18

18 | 72,71 | 0.4490 | 0.4468 | + 22| 57 | 0.1256! 0.1246 | + 10

21 86,85 | 0.5012 | 0.5011 | + Te Sie Os W2Non|Oni222n it 4

22 90,89 | 0.3050 | 0.3014 | + 36] 40 | 0.2834 | 0.2808 | ++ 26

23 | 92,91 | 0.49321 ¢.4959|— 27] 75 | 0.3880] 0.3895;— 15

24 | IOI,100 | 0.5831 | 0.5762 | + 69} 76 | 0.8542 | 0.8540 | + 2

(77 )

418 KRETZ.

TasBLe III. (Continued.)\—Piate XII.

| |

| I

hese: 5m.

Star. | Lines. | a

| | Kretz. | Schles.

ym. |

Kretz. | Schles. |

| |

| K—S |Lines. | iS

x direct. y direct.

117,117 | 0.3558 | 0.3552 | +0.0006} 85 | 0.6570 | 0.6552 | +0.0018

III, 112 | 0.6516 | 0.6536 | — 20] 73 | 0.3662 | 0.3661 I

92,92 | 0.5559 9.5545) + 14] 72 | 0.7385 | 0.7341 44

91,92 | 0.5270 | 0.5298 | — 28] I15 | 0.0692 | 0.0678 14

85,86 | 0.3406 | 0.3415 | — 9} 56 | 0.7066 | 0.7070 4

83,84 | 0.3695 | 0.3665 | + 30] 67 | 0.6330 | 0.6314

80,81 0.4196 | 0.4185 II] 53 | 0.6179 | 0.6179

| 80,81 | 0.4741 | 0.4686 55 6 | 03818 | 0.3781

io 75,75 | 0.4812 | 0.4772 | 4o A | 0.3498 | 0.3501

14 58,59 | 0.5935 | 0.5900 | 0.0949 0.0946

15 58,59 | 0.3138 | 0.3139 1| 60 | 0.8989 | 0.8996

18 | 49,49 | 0.3775 | 0.3780 | 5| 62 | 0.4556.| 0.4524

21 34,35 | 0.8196 | 0.8184 12] 62 | 0.4604 | 0.4576

22 31,31 _| 0.5218 | 0.5176 42] 79 | 0.2939 | 0.2960

23 28,29 | 0.8182 | 0.8201 | 19} 44 | 0.1931 | 0.1894

O ON AUP WH H

eet) ea

[+1++1+1+ + )44++

24 | 19,20 | 0.7440 | 0.7414 26] 42 | 0.7256 | 0.7276 | 20

x reversed, y reversed.

I 231 0.7130 | 0.7108 | +0.0022| 33 | 0.9225 | 0.9211 | +0.0014

Zale eiyon 0.4231 | 0.4170 | ++ 61| 46 | 0.2075 | 0.2051 | + 24

4 | 27,26 |0.5166/0.5126|+ 4o] 46 | 0.8381 | 0.835r)-+ © 30

5 | 27,27 | 0.5425 | 0.5418 | + 7 4 | 0.5074 | 0.5026 | + 48

6 || 34533) -|'0:23507)0:2334))-- 16} 62 | 0.8635 | 0.8622 | +- 13

7 | 36,35 | 0.2072 | 0.2038 | +- 34] 5r | 0.9378 | 0.9370 | +- 8

BO 49,38" 4 O21'575 1.15420) a 33 OS KOlO5S2u,0105 20%) meme

9 39,38 | 0.1039 | 0.0998 | + 41 | 113 | 0.2014 | 0.1956 | + 58

10 44,43 | 0.5919 | 0.5888 | -- 31] II5 | 0.2255 | 0.2234 | + 21

14 60,60 | 0.4779 | 0.4751 | + 28] 57 | 0.4702 | 0.4686 | ++ 16

15 61,60 | 0.2556 | 0.2520) + 36] 58 | 0.6709 | 0.6696 | + 13

18 | 70,69 | 0.6935 | 0.6954/— 19] 57 |0.1172| 0.1170 | + 2

21 84,83 | 0.7489 | 0.7474 | + 15} 57 | 0.1140} 0.1115 | + 25

22 | 88,87 | 0.5515 | 0.5468 | + 47 | 40 | 0.2756 | 0.2738 | + 18

23 | 90,89 | 0.7484 | 0.7478 | +- 6] 75 | 0.3842 | 0.3832 | + be)

24 | 99,98 | 0.8322 | 0.8305 | + 17| 76 | 0.8444 | 0.8439 | + 5

(78 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 419

Tasre III. (Continued.\—Puate XIII.

Ym. | Ym.

Star. | Lines. a | A—S | Lines, | ‘ 2 s KESS.

x direct. y direct.

1 Woodie) opis | 0.1500 | +0.0021] 84 | 0.4056 | 0.4038 | +-0.0018

2 | 112,112 | 0.4571 | 0.4561 | + IO} 72 | 0.1191 | 0.1161 | + 30

4 | 92,93 | 90.3555 |0.3516/+ 39] 7E |0.4829|0.4791|+ 38

5 91,92 | 0.8075 | 0.8118 | — 43 | 113 | 0.8171 | 0.8115 | + 56

6 85,86 | 0.6416 0.6390, ++ 26} 55 | 0.4538 0.4540 | — 2

Of 83,84 | 0.6654 | 0.6639) + I5| 66 | 0.3712 | 0.3728 | — 16

8 80,81 | 0.7216 | 0.7218 | — 2} 52 | 0.3614 | 0.3610 | + 4

9 80,81 | 0.7885 | 0.7866 | + 19 5 | 0.1211 | 0.1236, — 25

10 75,76 | 0.2985 | 0.2965 | + 20 3. | 0.0934 | 0.1000 | — 66

14 58,59 | 0.8888 | 0.8861 | 4- 27| 60 | 0.8355 | 0.8332 | + 23

15 58,59 | 0.6098 | 0.6134|— 36] 59 | 0.6378 | 0.6356) + 22

21 35,30 | 0.1186 | 0.1189 | — 3] 61 | 0.1895 | 0.1888 | + 7

22 31,32 | 0.3111 | 0.3119 | — 8| 78 | 0.0312 | 0.0274 | + 38

23 29,30 | 0.1250) 0.1258 — 8] 42 | 0.9195 | 0.9172 | + 23

24 20,21 | 0.0474 | 0.0485 | — 12} 41 | 0.4536 | 0.4536 | fe)

x reversed. WV reversed.

I 25m 0.4248 | 0.4224 | +0.0024] 35 | 0.1695 | 0.1682 | + 0.0013

Be WD 0.6190 | 0.6181 | + 9} 47 | 0.4578 | 0.4562 | + 16

4 27,26 | 0.2204 | 0.2159) + 45] 48 | 0.0898 | 0.0899 | — I

5 27,26 | 0.7622 | 0.7606 | + 16 5m | |037630) 0.7619) == II

6 33,33 | 0.4400 | 0.4396 | + 4] 64 | 0.1200 | 0.1222 | — 22

7 35935 | 0.4100 | 0.4096 | -+- 4| 53 | 0.2000 | 0.2028 | — 28

8 38,37 | 0.8515 | 0.8515 | O| 67 | 0.2120 | 0.2121 | — I

9 | 38,37 | 0.7883|0.7854| + 34] 114 | 0.4490|0.4478)-+ 12

10 44,43 | 0.2812 | 0.2770 | + 42)| L1G) | 'O:4927) 04779) | <1 33

14 | 60,59 | 0.6799 | 0.6775 | 24] 58 | 0.7315 | 0.7308 | + 7.

15 60,60 | 0.4586 | 0.4592 | — 6] 59 | 0.9350 | 0.9342 | + 8

ast 84,83 0.4496 | 0.4502 | — 6| 58 | 0.3815 | 0.3799 | + 16

22 88,87 | 0.2611 | 0.2592} + 9] 41 | 0.5430) 0.5421 | + 9

23 90,89 | 0.4429 | 0.4445 | — 16} 76 | 0.6502 | 0.6499 | + 3

24 99,98 | 0.5315 | 0.5289 | + 26| 78 | 0.1174 | 0.1174 | O

(79)

420 KRETZ.

Tasie III. (Contienued.)—Puiate XIV.

| | |

lym. | Ym, |

Stars inesi | === a AOE c—S | Lines. | /2 bn KES

Kretz. | Schles. | Kret2. | Schles. |

q direct. Da y direct.

I | 113,114 | 0.2245 | 0.2214 | +0.0031 | 84 | 0.9181 / 0.9144 | -+0.0037

2 | 108,108 | 0.5280 | 0.5268 | -- 12)! 7.2. ):0:6308 10.6332 |i 24

4 | 88,89 | 0.4256! 0.4272|— | 16] 72 |—.0031 |—.0052|-++ 2

54 87,88 0.8855 | 0.8874 | — 19} 114 | 0.3274 | 0.3272 | + 2

6 | 81,82 | 0.7135 | 0.7152-| — D7) 50: }igO285) \ne 0284) Ti

7 | 79,80 | 0.7394 | 0.7440 | — 46| 66 | 0.8921 | 0.8905 | + 16

8 | 76,77 | 0.7885 |0.7918|— 33] 52 | 0.8752/0.8766;— 14

9 | 76,77 | 0.8565 | 0.8554 | + II 5 | 0.6408 | 0.6402 | + 6

Io | 71,72. | 0.3648 | 0.3628 | + 20 3 | 0.6086 | 0.6088 | — 2

T4 | 5555 | 0.4655 | 0.4644 | ++ II} 61 | 0.3536 | 0.3556 | — 20

T5 | 54,555 | 0.6892 0.6925 — 33, |) 60: (0.1579) (0.1568) —- II

18 | 45,46 | 0.2465 | 0.2452 | + 13| 61 | 0.7085 | 0.7068 | + 17

2I | 31,32 | 0.1939 |; O.I9I0 | + 29 | ‘61 | 0.7102 | 0.7105 | — B

22 | 27,28 | 0.3870 | 0.3869 | + I} 78 | 0.5519 0.5500, + 19

23 | 25,26 | 0.1961 | 0.1980 | — 19] 43 | 0.4438 | 0.4404 | + 34

24 | 16,17 | 0.1186 | 0.1204 | — 18] 42 |—.0202 |—.oI90 | — 12

x reversed, y reversed.

I 6,5 | 0.3469 | 0.3476 | —0.0007| 34 | 0.6566 | 0.6596 | —0.0030

2 | I1,10 | 0.5432 | 0.5428 | + 4] 46 | 0.9399 0.9405 | — 6

4 | 31,30 | 0.1449) 0.1436|-- ~ 13] 47 | 0:5769 | 0.5765 | ale 4

5 | 31,30 | 0.6825 | 0.6811 | + 14 5 | 0.2490'| 0.2472 | + 18

6 | 37,36 |0.8592|0.8519|-+ 73] 63 | 0.6041} 0.5984/+ 57

7 | 39,38 | 0.8290 | 0.8301 | — Ir} 52 | 0.6828 | 0.6811 | + 17

8 | 42,41 | 0.7812 | 0.7808 | + 4| 66 | 0.6966 | 0.6958 | +- 8

9 | 42,41 | 0.7201 | 0.7168 | + 33 | 113 | 0.9422 | 0.9371 | + 51

Io | 48,47 | 0.2098} 0.2056; + 42] 116 |—.0358 |—.0384 | + 26

14 | 64,63 0.6045 0.6021 | + 24} 58 | 0.2125 | 0.2099 |} + 26

I5 | 64,64 | 0.3796 | 0.3812 | — 16|° 59 | 0.4166 | 0.4150 | 4- 16

18 | 74,73 | 0.3269 | 0.3275 | — 6} 57 | 0.8676 | 0.8644 | ++ 32

21 | 88,87 | 0.3771 | c.380r | — 30| 57 | 0.8635 | 0.8602 | + 33

22 | 92,91 | 0.1838 | 0.1869 | — 31 | 4° |/0.0238 | 0.0232 | \—- 6

| 94,93 | 0.3729 |0.3749|— 20] 76 | 0.1311 | 0.1312 | — I

103,102 0.4605 | 0.4579 | 26 0.5959 0.5958 | +

(80)

II. Instrumental Corrections.

Division Errors.—The measured coordinates of any star

are the difference in the readings on the scale corresponding to

the central star, and those corresponding to the star in question.

Hence they depend directly on the distance between two given

lines on the scale. If this were perfect, an equal number of

divisions would represent exactly the same length, no matter

what part of the scale were used. That is not the case how-

ever, and corrections must therefore be applied to the different

lines, so as to reduce all measured distances to a common unit.

The unit selected was 1/130th of the total length, that being

the number of spaces into which the scale is divided. Each

space equals approximately one millimeter.

In the winter of 1896-1897, the scale used for all the Coma

measurements was carefully investigated for division errors, Pro-

fessor Jacoby’s method, described by him in the American

Journal of Science, Vol. I, 1896, p. 333, being followed

throughout. The details of the investigation are to be pub-

lished at a later date by the observatory; I shall give here

merely a table of results. A determination of the errors had

been made previous to shipping the scale to America, by the

Katserliche Normal Atchungs Kommission, at Berlin. Their

results are published in the Azmzals of the New York Academy

of Sciences, Vol. IX, p. 206. I decided to exclude them,

however, as it was deemed most accurate to use only those

results which had been obtained under the same conditions

and with the same instrument as all the other observations em-

ployed in the reductions. Nor were the quantities as used

greatly affected thereby, for the two determinations agree quite

well, differing in no case by more than o’’.11. As each star

was made to depend on a number of lines, the error introduced

(81)

422 KRETZ.

by using an inaccurate value of the division errors was still

further reduced.

In the table on p. 423 the corrections, which must be added

to the measured 1% m. with the sign shown, are given in milli-

meters. The argument is the number of the line. When two

lines were used, the mean of the corresponding corrections was

applied to % m.

Corrections for Runs and Screw Errors.—As has already

been stated, observations were made for runs twice a day, once

by each observer. A complete observation always consisted of

two determinations, made as follows: The screw being set at

about 5 & (the X representing revolutions), the spider-threads

were set on the line 70, and the micrometer head was read.

Then, without moving the microscope, the screw was turned

until the threads bisected line 65, and a reading was taken.

Then once more on 65, and back to 70, and the observation

was completed. The lines 65 and 70 were selected as they

have nearly the same division errors. Since the screw makes

two complete revolutions while the threads cover the distance

of one millimeter on the scale, and since the screw readings in-

crease when the threads are moved in a direction opposite to

that of increasing numbers on the scale, it is evident, that, if it

were not for runs, the readings on line 70 would be less than

those on line 65-by exactly 10 Rk. If that is not the case, then

the correction to be added to any observed % mm in order to

reduce it to the case of no runs of the screw, is

—(%m) : millimeters,

where

27 — Read. on line 65 — Read. on line 70 — 102.

Thus 27 is the total error of runs on ten revolutions ; for each

day of observation it is evidently equal numerically to the ‘““Runs

in mm.” of Taste II. For one millimeter the error will evi-

dently be 1%4- 27/5, the factor % reducing the quotient to mm.

And since the correction to each 1% # must be proportional to

(82)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 423

TaBLE IV.—DIvisIon ERRORS OF THE SCALE.

Correction in Tee | Correction in ; | Correction in

mim. ; mm, ‘

0.0000 44 | 0.0029

-+-0.00I1I 45 -++0.0020

—0.0007 AG) | -|-0 0021

—0.000I 47 ++ 0.0006

-+0.0002 48 -++-0.0013

—0,.0004 49 +0.0015

-++0.0001 50 -- 0.0007

—0.0013 51 | +0.0018

—0o.0008 52 -++0.0030

—0.0009 53 | -+0.0024

—0.0001 54 | +0.0032

-+-0.0014 55 -++0.0028

+0.0006 -++-0.0030

-+-0.0014 | 0.0634

-+0.0016 | -+0.0038

0.0015 |

-++0.0009 | ~O, | +-0.0014

--0.0008 | : | 0.0009

+-0,0012 1-O, +6,0012

+0.0012 | : -+-0.0002

--0.0007 | 5 | +0.0012

-+-0.0015 . | .0000

+0,0016 | .0O! : | —0,0002

-+0.0014 | : | --0,0002

-+0,0012 | , —o 0006

-+-0.0007 | ' —0.0013

-+0.0026 2 alg OSOCOS

-++0.0033 } —0.C003

--0.0026 | : | .0000

-+0.0020 | ' 0.0020

0.0035 | et O;OO22

-++0.0030 | , | +0.0026

--0.0022 : +0.0021

-+0.0024 | ' | +0.0014

-++0.0013 : +0.0024

-+-0.0032 : | —+0.0075

+ 0.0024 LO, -+0.0024

+0.0025 | f 0.0012

-+0.0016 : -+-0.0018

+ 0.0025 : + 0.0014

0.0033 | Oo. | -+-©.0005

-+0.0020 l | : | -+0,0015

++ 0.0025 i .OCOO

-++0.0024 |

O OI ANLW NH O

(83)

424 KRETZ.

that quantity, the above formula follows at once. Tables with

the argument 147 may evidently be constructed giving the cor-

rections corresponding to any value of 27.

Before proceeding to do so, however, let us consider the errors

of the screw. These are of two kinds, periodic and non-peri-

odic. The former were eliminated during the measurement by

always setting the screw to a certain reading (usually 9X) when

pointing at a star during the first half of the day’s work, and

then, upon reversing the operation, setting it always at a reading

differing from the former by 0.5. Thus each star was read

with the screw in both positions. In order to obviate the effects

of non-uniformity of pitch, certain corrections must be applied,

however. Investigation showed these to be:

Corrections in Millimeters.

Reading of Micrometer Head. Vertical Screw. Horizontal Screw.

5k 0.0000 0.0000

6 0.0004 -++ 0.0005

7 +0.0004 -+0,0002

8 —0.0002 —0.0003

9 —0O.CO007 —0.0012

fe) —0.0014 —0.0017

II —0.0020 —0,0022

12 —0,0024 —0.0021

13 —0.0023 —0.0022

14 —0.0013 —0.0014

15 0.0000 0.0000

The above quantities are in mm. and must be added to the

readings. The vertical screw was used for one plate only, No.

II; the following discussion applies to it as well as to the hori-

zontal screw, mutatis mutandis.

It will be seen that between 9X and 11X the increase in the

correction is proportionate to the distance from 9g. Hence if

we start our measures of any star with the original setting of

the micrometer head at 9X, then the increase in the correction

will be proportionate to 144m, remembering that the maximum

value %m can have is 1.0, which corresponds to 2k. This was

always done except in certain cases to be mentioned later. As

the coordinates are the difference between the readings on the

(84)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 425

stars and the readings on the central taken on the same day,

we may, without affecting the final results, subtract a constant

from the screw correction. Taking, then, the zero point at 9X,

and as our argument tenths of millimeters (or fifths of a revolu-

tion) beyond 9X, we get the following table for correcting the

readings of the horizontal screw :

Reading of Head. Corresp. 14m. Corresp. Correction,

9.0 0.0 0.0000

9.2 OI —0,0001

9.4 0.2 —0.0002

9.6 0.3 —0.0003

9.8 0.4 —0.0004

10.0 0.5 —0.0005

10.2 0.6 —0.0006

10.4 0.7 —0.0007

10,6 0.8 —9.0008

10.8 0.9 —0.0009

II.0 1.0 —0.0010

During the second half of a day’s work, the initial setting on

the star was usually 9.52. Asa result, the readings on the

scale sometimes fell beyond 11X. For such cases the above

table will no longer apply as it stands, for the correction beyond

11 does not bear the same proportion to 1% 7 as holds below

that point. We may, however, construct a table similar to the

preceding, but differing in the last figures. For, all the stars

being again measured beginning always at the same point on

the screw, we may, as before, subtract a constant from the screw

correctiois. We obtain thus the table:

Reading of Head. Corresponding 1% m. Corresponding Correction.

9.5 0.0 —0.0000

9-7 O.1 —0O.000I

9.9 0.2 — 0.0002

10.1 0.3 —0.0003

10.3 0.4 —0, 0004

10.5 0.5 —0.0005

10.7 SesONO —0.C006

10.9 0.7 —0.0007

II.I 0.8 —0.0007 4

11.3 0.9 —0.00072

11.5 1.0 —0.00070

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sct., XII, April 3, 1900—27.

(89)

426 KRETZ.

One plate was measured, beginning with 8.7 during the

first half, and 9.2R during the second half of each morning’s

work. This required the construction of a third table. The

method was entirely similar to the above, so that I need not

enter on it here.

In the foregoing it has been shown that the screw cor-

rection may be put in a form to be directly proportionate to

1%4m. But we have seen previously, that, from the nature of

things, the correction for runs is proportionate to the same

quantity. We can therefore construct a table with the argu-

ment 147, which will give at once the combined effect of both

corrections. For example, let us consider the case of Dec.

14th, 1897. From Table II we find that 27 0n that date was

— 0.0069 mm., z. ¢., the means of the four differences

Read. on 65 — Read. on 7o2—10R

was — 0.0069 mm. _ The screw therefore registers less than the

true distance, and a certain quantity must be added to each

1%4m. By the general formula this quantity is

(%m) X0.0138/10 millimeters.

Giving 1%4m the values 0.1, 0.2... 1.0, and combining

with the corresponding screw corrections, we get the table

ym. Beginning at 9.0 Beginning at 9.5

0.0 -++ 0.00000 -+ 0.00000

O.1 .00004 . 00004.

0.2 .00008 00008

0.2 .OOOII .OOCTI

0.4 .OOOI5 .OOOI5

0.5 .OOO019 .OOOIg

0.6 .00023 .00023

O7 .00027 .00027

0.8 .00030 .00036

0.9 .00034. .00052

1.0 .00038 .00068

Tables like the specimen were constructed for each observed

value of the runs. The columns headed “ Beginning at 9.0”’ and

“Beginning at 9.5” give the corrections in mm., to be applied

(86)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 427

to the measured % m’s. They refer respectively to the first

and to the second half of the morning’s work. One point

regarding the use of these tables deserves mention: It some-

times happens that the reading on the scale corresponding to

one image of a star is less, and that corresponding to the other

image is greater than 112. In such cases_the correction must

be found from the table separately for each reading, and then

the mean of the two taken. This is evident if we remember the

way in which 1% is obtained.

Measured Coordinates and Rotation Errors.—Having

applied the corrections described above, we are in position to

obtain the measured coordinates. These are the differences of

the readings on a star and the readings on the central star, 7. ¢.,

star No. 14. As the vis to be positive when the star has a

greater right ascension, and the y is to be positive when it has

a greater declination (algebraically) than the central, we must

apply the following rule: Subtract the position of the star from

that of the central for x direct, and subtract the central from the

star for y direct. For the opposite positions of the plate these

operations must, of course, be reversed. The reasons for this

rule are plain, when we remember that the numbers on the scale

increase towards the right.

The coordinates thus obtained are not yet free from error,

however. For it is evident that, unless the plate were always

rotated exactly 90° from its previous position, the axes of ref-

erence would not be rectangular. This was, however, found to

be impossible of accomplishment. The best that could be done

was to turn the plate approximately 90°, and then to measure

exactly the angle through which it had been rotated. In order

to obtain formule to reduce the measured coordinates to what

they should have been, let us call

a’, y’ the coordinates referred to the central star as measured:

4, y the same coordinates as they should be ;

OX’ OY’ the position the axes actually had on the plate ;

OX, OY the position they should have had ;

(87)

428 KRETZ.

@ the angle XOX’, positive ifthe plate must be turned counter-

clockwise in order to make OX and OX’ coincide. Then the

positive OX’ will fall between positive OX and OY, for, ox

the plate, positive coordinates correspond to the usual position

of the axes, 7. ¢., positive 4 to the right, and positive y up, when

the trail is left (corresponding to + reversed).

Let also %,’, 1)’; %) J’) be the coordinates of the central star

referred to the center of rotation, 0, corresponding to the actual

and to the corrected position of the plate respectively.

Then by the usual formule for the transformation of coordi-

nates, we have

Xy + © = (4%) + x’) cos A— (%/ +97) sin 4

Io LY = (Hp +’) sin 0+ (y/ +y’) cos 8

or expanding and remembering that

ceva, fake Rie

X= Xp’ cos @— y,/ sin 6

Vo =X)’ sim 0+ 4’ cos 4

and that @ is very small, we find

Bias ey sin

pHi. C4 sin ae

z. é., from the measured x’ we must subtract y’. 6’ sin 1’’ and to

the measured y’ we must add +’. 6’ sin 1’’ in order to obtain the

correct coordinates.t It will be seen that these formule take

account of the fact that the center of rotation of the plate does

not coincide in position with the origin of coordinates.

To determine what sign to give 0’’ in any special case, we

need but remember that in the Repsold measuring machine

an increase in angle corresponds to positive (counter-clockwise)

rotation of the plate. Hence if we let

Q =the seconds of the circle reading to which all the posi-

tions are to be reduced ;

1 See in this connection Harold Jacoby, ‘‘ Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photo-

graphic Plates,’? Annals New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. IX, p. 267,

where the same formul are given.

(88 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 429

Q’ =the seconds actually read on the circles at any given

date, then will the equation

O—- v=

give 9” with the sign with which it is to be used in the formule.

Tables can, of course, be constructed for any value of 0”,

having as argument distances in millimeters. This has been

done and by their aid the measured coordinates have been re-

duced to the position of rectangular axes. The values of QO

used were as follows (Q need not, of course, be any one of the

readings; it is best taken so as to make the corrections as

small as possible).

Plates ie Wear ouaba. och cua societies ek Meee OR Omer Cee OE 1604

TG eee eeas cic sateen nesses nae oan sete OME ee eee rea ioense Ae?

iC Oey eras iy GPU r ne ge SN EsE 5 ap oD 23/

TINS oe aaIS 2 HN Ach Steer a get aU UI 40/14

Ae 8 eae dee SCM REN an SBE se: Sila cl aL BUR E mee Ea ERE 587%

BVT ene de seca icd tac este Unaes Mera aan n enn eon, 9/34

NYA he ti Cicer nena a ice Caer ES A ROM a he SA Rey 20/3/

VATU esrase aaa coca gan axon neem rien tatar anteater seme ae ces 26”

ID Cees Crea eee ie atanan ear ERAN ESS Nir ah Ua ei eR 57%

NE paciecinslsiswte cea ge sctehs Se inseideitecad ota soleel eiates einai eldcra slots clase 20/34

XG er tra netaeeN erst Cine a) Negliaet Ree Re T ee eH MSD cl 44/4

RO eases everett ete Bid Seta U eee AR STs Oe eR EER IOS Bae erence 87

NCWIT ene ON OLN elec Crean teen 16/4

STN feign tts Sei Or see ie Ea eS ANGIE ot go Oi OOO RS 3674

Scale-Value Corrections, Projection Errors, and Devia-

tion of the Cylinder from Straightness.— None of these have

any appreciable effect. The first is, due to the fact that the

scale is made of German silver, while the plate is glass.

Changes in temperature might, therefore, give rise to unequal

expansion,-and hence to a change in the scale-value. Dr.

Schlesinger ' in 1897 investigated this question, and his results

show that in no case could this change affect my results by as

much aso”.04. Ihave therefore felt justified in neglecting this

error altogether.

1 See his ‘‘ Preesepe”’ pp. 220-223.

(89)

430 KRETZ.

The second category, projection errors, have been eliminated

entirely in the case of the Repsold machine in use for the pres-

ent research by an improved guiding way with which it was

equipped in 1896.

As regards the deviation of the cylinder from straightness,

an investigation made under Professor Jacoby’s' direction shows

that no appreciable error is introduced thereby, the greatest

range of variation not exceeding 0’’.04. I have therefore ne-

elected this correction.

In TABLE V are recorded the final corrected coordinates ob-

tained from the measures of TasLe III. The process of com-

puting them is very simple: To the number of the line add

the mean of the two corresponding 4%m’s corrected for runs and

division errors. In case two lines are used, substitute for the

line of above the mean of the lines. The result is the mean

position of the star with respect to the scale for each of the four

positions of the plate. Then calculate the measured coordi-

nates, as previously explained, by comparison of these four

quantities with the corresponding quantities for the central star,

obtained in the same manner. Apply thereto the rotation cor-

rections, having care for the sign, and the result will be the quan-

tities set down in Taste V. No further explanation of the terms

there used is necessary; it may be mentioned, however, that,

as before, unity in the fourth place of decimals corresponds to

about 0/7.005.

1«¢ Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates,’’ Annals New York

Academy of Sciences, Vol. IX, p. 207.

(90)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 431

iABEE Vs: “CORRECLED) COORDINAGES:-——LUATESL.

oe J

Star 2 wad

Direct. | Rev'd. Mean. Direct. | Rev'd. | Mean.

4 | —33-4486 | .4522 | —33.4504 | + 10.6314 | .6347 | + 10.6330

5 | —32-9343 | .9338 | —32.9340 | +52.9854 | .9858 | +52.9856

6 | —26.7422 | .7442 | —26.7432 | — 5.3955 | -3940 | — 5.3948

7 |) SIO | 7H) || re | =P EAS ogee || a Gases

8 | —21.8240 | .8270 | —21.8255 — 8.4788 | .4781 | — 8.4784

OQ) |, =—Bieslite 1 tevin bash) |) <a. 4dibts | ereley/ Geant

TO | —16.3928 | .3916 | —16.3922 —57-.7500 | -7487 | —57.7494

14 0.0000 | 20000 | 0.0000 0.0000 .O0000 0.0000

15 | + 0.2751 | .2735 | + 0.2743 — 1.2018 | .1972 | — 1.1995

21 | +23.7752 | .7740 | +23.7746 | + 0.3586 | .3601 | + 0.3594

22 —+-27.5789 | .5766 | +27.5773 +17.1978 | .1985 | -+17.1982

23 29.7712 | .7702 | -++-29.7707 —17.9134 | .9107 | 17.9120

24 | +38.8579 | -8559 | +38.8569 | —19.3756 | .3737 | —I9.3746

lena INC,

Direct. | : . Direct. a eunlvlean’

—58.2719 | . . + 23.5483 | | —+-23-5462

—53.0671 |. é +11.2654 |. | +11.2649

—33.4508 |. : +10.6330 | | +10.6328

—32-9292 |. . 52-9774 | 52.9770

—26.7470 |. : — 5.3878 |. | — 5.3912

se OAT TOAN |e . =F Sess) |e ar Boys

—21.8238 |. ; — 8.4796 |

—21.8519 |. 85 —55-7386

—16.3881 |. b —57-7504

0.0000 |. | b 0.0000

+ 0.2804 |. | b — 1.1986

+ 9.7201 |. | : + 0.3576

+15.1144 |. : + 48.9410

+23.7754 |. 4 + 0.3618

+27.5754 | - : -- 17.2022

+29.7710 |. | : —17.9077

38.8609 | FUSS | | —19.3744

(91)

KRETZ.

TaBLeE V. (Continued.)—Ptiate III.

| x

Star, | wah ge Le aS be = 2

Direct. | Rev’d.| Mean. Direct. Rev'd Mean.

I —58.2620 2648 | —58.2634 +25.5445 | .5380 | +23.5412

2 | —53:.0662, | .0700 | —53.0681 +11.2665 2622 +11.2644

4 | —33-4544 | -4530 ) —33-4537 | +10.6342 | .6276 | 10.6309

5 —32.9304 | .9296 | —32.9300 +52-9755 | -9745 | +52-9750

6 | —26.7541 | .7469 | —26.7505 | .— 5.3911 , .3963 | — 5.3937

7 | 24.7809. | .7782 | 24.7796) | 5 5.5359) || -5323,|) ai 5-534"

8 —21.8324 | .8260 | —21.8292 — 8.4786 | .4822 | —- 8.4804

9 —21.8538 | .8461 | —21.8500 —55.7366 .7364 | —55.7365

TO" | .—16.3894" | -3853) ||| 16.8874 Si —-57-7403 0) A7On 5 [Te

I4 0.00GO_ | .0OCO 0.0000 0.0000 OO000 0.0000

15 + 0.2750 | .2778 | + 0.2764 — 1.1972 | .1977 | — I.1974

21 -+23.7722 | .7748 | +23.7735 | + 0.3642 | .3636 | + 0.3639

22. | +27.5723 | -5754, | =-27.5738 | 17.2067 | .2034 | 17.2050

23 |) 20.77.19) 7.7.14 11 29.77, 10 wl 7 9005 1/008 Tah O07

24 +38.8564 | .8581 | +38.8572 —19.3675 | .3695 | —I9.3685

PLATE

INV:

| ee Direct: Rev’d.| Mean. Direct. Rev’d.| Mean.

I | —58.2560 .2624 | —58.2592 +23.5562 | .5520 | +23.5541

2 | —53.0578 | .0647 | —53.0612 11.2722 | .2695 | -++11.2708

4 | —33-4568 | .4609 | —33.4588 +10.6384 | .6371 | +10.6378

5 | 32.9293 | .9307 | —32.9300 +52.9750 | .9742 | +52.9746

6 | 26.7400 | .7466 | —26.7433 | — 5.3934 | -3934 | — 5.3934

G] 24.7680, | 17524 2A 7 LON wate: 5320 GON Means G25

8 —21.8154 | .8214 | —21.8184 — 8.4838 | .4825 | — 8.4832

9 —21.8650 | .8683 | —21 8666 —55-7318 | .7314 | —55.7316

IO | —1I6.3799 | .3819 | —16.3809 —57-75260 .7526 | —57.7526

II | —11.6300 | .6375 | —11.6338 +51.8848 | .8879 +51.8864

12 | —I10.4174 | .4291 —10.4232 +47.8555 .8585 +47.8570

13 — 8.3504 | .3548 | — 8.3526 —I0.9044 .9059 | —I0.9052

14 0.0000 | .0000 0.0000 0.0000 .0000 © 0.0000

15 + 0.2873 | .2791 | + 0.2832 — 1.1969 E957 | — 1.1963

17 + 2.8632 | .8579 | + 2.8606 — 2.6923 6944. — 2.6934

18 = (9:73 20%) 37280. 017304 ake ©: 3565 0nl)-3559 mlm Os 3502

21 + 23.7834 | .7796 | +23.7815 + 0.3636 | .3618 | + 0.3627

22 +-27.5772 5730 +27.5754 +17.2032 2006 +-17.2019

23 +29.7781 7763 | +29.7772 —17.9082 9079 | —1I7-9080

24 | +38.8654 | .8599 | +38.8626. | —19.3742 | .3747 | —19.3744

(92)

lad

STARS

TABLE V.

IN COMA BERENICES.

(Continued.)—PLATE V.

433

Direct.

Rend

Mean.

Direct.

ied.

Meant ;

en : |

OOUnFfW OW OI HAY NH

—58.2650

—53-0626

—33.4616

— 32.9462

— 26.7382

— 24-7719

—21.8204

—21.8487

—16.3631

— 8.3530

0.0000

+ 0.2886

+ 9.7282

-+-15.1028

+23.7781

+27.5677

+29.7851

+38.8670

.2707

.c662

.4650

+9504

-7444

.7780

.8223

.8525

.3685

+357

.OOCO

.2818

-7244

-0974

-7737

.5650

+7794

.8616

—58.2678

—53.0644

—33-4633

—32 9483

—26.7413

—24.7750

—21.8214

—21.8506

—16.3658

— 8.3554

0.0000

+ 0.2852

+ 9-7263

+15.1001

+ 23.7759

+ 27.5664

-+-29.7822

+ 38.8643

+ 23-5358

+11.2525

+ 10.6267

52-9591

— 5.4030

200

— 8.4910

—55-7349

—57-7569

—I10.9114

0. COO0G

— 1.1988

+ 0.3561

+48.9430

+ 0.3662

+17.2096

—17.8990

—19g.3621

.5303

-2497

-6258

-9589

-4039

5274

.4940

7348

were

Oy oy ke)

-Q105

.0000

.1988

+3549 |

| 9453, |

3684 |

| .2033

| .8979

| 3586 |

+ 23.5330

Sle 25 LiL

+ 10.6262

+ 52.9590

— 5.4030

+ 5.5266

— 8.4925

—55-7344

—57-7572

—10.9IIO

0.C000

— 1.1988

+ 9.3555

+ 48.9442

+ 0.3673

-+-17.2064

—17.8984

— 19.3604

Direct.

Mean.

Direct.

Mean.

OO ON DUP & NH

—58.2580

—53.0621

—50.c673

— 33-4605

—32.9322

—26.7438

— 24.7752

—21.8209

—21.8743

—16.3890

—11.6369

—10.4297

= 0-357!

0.0000

+ 0.2826

= ee LAOS

+ 9.7236

+15.1181

23.7693

+ 27.5703

29.7688

+38.8544

—58.2599

—53.0617

—50.0701I

—33.4619

—32.9336

—26.7466

—24.7766

— 21.8227

—21.8744

—16.3885

—I1.6394

—I0.4310

8.3604

0.0000

0.2794

1.1366

- 9-7231

+15.1168

+ 23.7679

+ 27.5702

-++-29.7670

+-38.8514

(93 )

23.5561

—+-11.2721

—53.2676

+10.6406

+ 52.9704

Se ree

Tr ans 7/7/

— 8.4811

—55-7257

—S7-7475

+51.8649

+ 47.8528

—10.9046

0.0000

— 1.1996

+ 52.7970

an Cay

“48.9331

+ 90.3593

=f 7e2ZOOR

—17.9120

—I19.3774

+-23.5574

+ 11.2728

—53.2663

+10.6413

52.9717

Ta Ore Ue

+ 5.5382

— 8.4802

BROOMS,

—57-7464

-+51.8672

+-47.8562

—10.9040

0.0000

— 1.1982

52.8016

+ 0.3534

+-48.9378

+ 0.3598

17.1998

—17.9113

—19.3775

434

KRETZ,

Taste V. (Continued.)—Puiate VII.

x yy,

S barry | ateesa stern SD Pee Nies ne

lemirect.;(/a\*Revid. ae Micant Direct. Rev’d Mean.

I | —58.2601 | .2651 | —58.2626 +23.5588 | .5526 | -+23.5557

2 | —53.0655 | .0687 | —53.0671 +11.2748 | .2747 | -+11.2748

4 | —33-4650 | .4662 | —33.4656 -+10.6410 | .6428 | +10.6419

5 | —32.9299 | .9332 | —32.9316 | +52.9760 | .9726 | +52.9743

6 — 26.7550 4.75704) 20.7508 — 5.3908 | .3920 | — 5.3914

7 | = 24-7795, |\\.7817 || 24.7806 str 9-5342 | 53700) at 5535014

8 | —21.8218 | .8267 | —21.8242 — 8.4808 | .4818 | — 8.4813

9 —21.8783 | .8788 | —21.8786 —55-7250 | .7232 | —55.7241

10" |) 16.3971 -|':3970 | j= 10, 3074... 572715 G7h 1 EO Teaco

14 | 0.0000 | .0000 0.0000 0.0000 | .C000 0.0000

15 + 0.2794 | .2742 +- 0.2768 — 1.2020 2012 | — 1.2016

18 | + 9.7144 | .7113 | + 9.7128 | + 0.3494 | .3496 | + 0.3495

21 | +23.7738 | .7674 | +23.7706 | + 0.3568 | .3545.| + 0.3556

22 +27.5792 | .5780 | +27.5786 +17.2016 | .1974 -+-17.1995

+29.7699 | .7658 | +29.7678 —I17.9171 —17.9176

+38.8525 | .8476 | +38.8500 —I9.3797 —19.3788

Prate VIII.

Star. ae waar SS iol Ze

|< Direct...) Revid)| Mean. Direct. Rev'd Mean.

I | —58.2581 | .2575 | —58.2578 23.5670 | .5632 + 23.5651

2 | —53.0606 | .o615 | —53.0610 +11.2769 | .2776 | -+11.2772

4 — 33-4612 | .4587 | —33.4600 +10.6426 | .6452 +10.6439

5 | —32.9260 | .9246 | —32.9253 | +52.9780 | .9778 | +52.9779

6 —26.7405 | .7375 | —26.7390 — 5.3864 | .3878 | — 5.3871

7-24.77 10). 77,03 igi 2A O08 | 5553 00lN| 5305 el ia ee OOS OO

8 | —21.8209 | .81g1 | —21.8200 — 8.4806 | .4798 | — 8.4802

9 | —21.8729 | .8683 | —21.8706 —55-7246 | -7226 | —55.7236

Io —16.3856 | .3847 | —16.3852 SOT SLO 1520. he SO EO

aT —II.6298 | .6259 | —II.6278 +51.8749 | .8754 | +51.8752

12 —10.4207 | .4170 | —10.4188 +47.8600 | .8604 | -+47.8602

13 vale == 10-3057 | SOG OM ieee oss O44 —I10.9043 | .9070 | —I0.9056

Iq | 0.0000 | .O000O0 0.0000 0.0000 OQ000 0.0000

15 + 0.2870 | .2872 | + c.2871 — 1.1968 | .1988 | — 1.1978

16 | + 1.1388 | .1420 | + 1.1404 +52.8096 | .8088 | +52.8092

17 | + 2.8614 | .8654 | + 2.8634 — 2.6900 .6924 | — 2.6912

US) }| 4-9-7342) 4)-7320| | 9573 34i0i|» 1k O.8557) wl eo o Osama Os 500

19 +15.119% | .1238 | +15.1214 +48.942I | .9451 +48.9436

20 | -+18.1893 | .1945 --18.1919 +51.412I | .4146 + 51.4134

21 | +23.7749 | .7760 | +23-7754 | + 0.3616 | .3592 | + 0.3604

22 | +27.5738 | .5757 | 27-5748 | --17.1986 | .1958 | --17-1972

23 | +29.7734 | -7743 | +29.7738 | —17.9118 | .gI50 | —17.9134

+- 38.8538 ‘ —19.3720 —19.3750

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 435

TABLE V. (Covztinued.)—Puate IX.

Nl F

Star. |- =e ae

eee Direct: Rev'd. Mean. Direct. Rev'd. Mean.

I | —58.2551 .2582 | —58.2566 + 23.5698 | .5634 -+23.5666

2 —53.0613 | .0698 —53.0656 +11.2819 | .2823 | +11.2821

4 | —33.4606 | .4641 | —33.4624 +10.6450 | .6460 | +10.6455

5 —32.9182 | .9217 —32.9200 +52.9774 | .9768 | +52.9771

TA OO | Td —24 7782 + 5:5375 | -5343 | + 5-5359

8 | —21.8298 | .8329 | —21.8314 — 8.4781 |..4811 | — 8.4796

Oe 2120934) C950) 21 COA ha a abalone fl 74e| eae SD kT

ae) —16.4058 | .4102 , —16.4080 —57-7476 | .7446 | —57.7461

14 0.0000 | .0000 | 0.0000 0.0000 | .0000 0.0000

15 + 0.2803 | .2794 | + 0.2708 — 1.2007 | .2009 | — 1.2008

ar | +23.7728 | .7681 | +23.7704 | + 0.3512 | .3523 | + 0.3518

22 +27.5804 | .5754 | -+27-5779 -+17.1920 | .I910 +17.1915

+29.7660 | .7615 | +29.7638 —I7.9179 | .9176 —17.9178

+38.8439 | .8396 | +38.8418 —19.3814 | .3847 | —19.3830

PrArE Oe

Star, Sp WSR ee ae Z

| Direct. | Rev’d.| Mean. Direct) 4 |) Revd: Mean.

I | —58.2564 | .2625 | —58.2594 | +23.560r .5552 | +23.5576

2 —53.0639 | .0642 | —53.0640 +11.2759 | .2752 | -+11.2756

4 | —33-4631 | .4610 | —33.462c -+-10.6417 | .6424 | -+10.6420

5 | —32-9253 | .9203 | —32.9228 | +52.9682 | .9704 | +52.9693

6 | —26.7460 | .7428 | —26.7444 —~ Fegislers) ji qgisteah i) —— bacishfo

7 | 24-7753 | -7745 | —24-7749 apr OVD O Uy DO DAea| tae (9-0352

8 | —21.8284 | .8262 | —21.8273 — 8.4829 .4840 | — 8.4834

9 | —21.8890 | .8859 | —21.8874 —55.7277 | -7219 | —55.7248

IO | —16.3983 | -3957 | —16.3970 | 57.7508 | .7466 | —57.7487

I4 | 0.0000 | .0000 0.0000 0.0000 | .0000 | 0.0000

Telit O-27,O1G ailss2 709) ist 0227.35 — 1.2034 | .2018 | — 1.2026

18 | + 9.7222 | .7286 | + 9.7254 + 0.3488 | .3470 | + 0.3479

21 | +23.7712 | .7742 | +-23.7727 | + 0.3565 | .3560 | + 0.3562

APN SPH) | | ol5Sht7/ 27.5789 aL O4S oa LO3AN)| 4 al OAT

23 |) +-209:7670. | .7.706 -+29.7688 —I7.9144 | .9137 | —1I7.9140

24 + 38.8486 | .8532 | +38.8509 —19.3782 | .3807 ; —19.3794

(95 )

436

Direct.

TABLE V.

KREWUZ.

(Continued.)—PLatE XI.

—58.2564

—53 0621

—33-4594

—32.9226

—26 7522

—24 7722

—21.8256

—21.8870

—16.3952

0.0000

+ 0.2768

+ 9.7216

+ 23.7726

+27.5747

+ 29.7672

+ 38.8473

(eS ie.

Direct.

Rev'd. |

Mean.

—58.2578

—53-0640

—33.4596

—32.9230

—26.7500

—24.7710

—21.8218

—21.8843

—16.3938

0.0000

+ 0.2791

+ 9.7221

23.7726

+ 27.5748

++ 29.7670

+38.8490

+ 23.5596

4-I1.2741

+ 10.6401

+ 52.9687

— 5.3871

+ 5.5390

— 8.4805

—55-7231

—57-7499

0.0000

— 1.1956

+ 0.3549

+ 0.3580

+17.1969

—17.9136

19.3756

BrArE Sle

| 5562 |

| .2711 |

6392 —

.9684 |

+3895

-5372 |

| .4841

.7197

.7449

| .0000

.1970 |

| +3513 |

+3544

| +1944 |

.9128 |

| -3799. |

23-5579

— 57-7479

0.0000

— 1.1963

+ 0.3530

+ 0.3562

-+- 17.1956

—17.9132

—19.3778

Stars Saas Mia saeri: Z

| Direct. | Rev’d.| | Mean. Direct. Red Mean.

I | —58.2619 | .2679 | —58.2649 | +23.559t | .5483 | +23.5537

2 | —53.0571 | .o612 | —53.0592 4-11.2716 | .2644 | +11.2680

4 | —33.4623 | .4624 | —33.4624 +10.6422 | .6240 | +10.6381

5 | —32-9350 | .9345 | —32.9348 | +52.9690 | .9676 | +52.9683

6 | —26.7476 |.7440 | —26.7458 | — 5.3892 | .3946 | — 5.3919

7 | —24.7767 | .7716 )-—24.7742 | + 5.5382 | .5334 | + 5 5358

8 —21.8276 | .8221 —21.8248 — 8.4786 | .4854 | — 8.4820

9 —21.8805 | .8760 | —21.8782 —55-7190 | .7243 | —55.7216

IO —16.3883 | .3869 —16.3876 —57.7489 | .7512 | —57.7500

14 0.0000 | .0000 0.0000 0.0000 | .0000 | 0.0000

15 =|=40!2779 | .2774 | =-wol2776 — 1.1961 | .2012 — 1.1986

18 | + 9.7161 | .7202 | + 9.7182 | + 0.3594 | .3524 | + 0.3559

21 | +23.7740 | .7724 | +23.7732 + 0.3644 | .3568 | + 0.3606

22 |) 27.5728 ©) .5718|. 1-27-5723 +17.1999 | .1943 | +17.1971

-7704 | +-29.7720 | —17.9049 | —17.9098

.8524 | +38.8518 —19. 3698 —19.3732

(96 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 437

TaBLeE V. (Continued.)\—PLate XIII.

G Se

Star. | ee EAE AUS A

Rev'd. Mean.

Died Wikeeal lh niles Dyed.

I | —58.2619 | 2583 —58. 2601 +23.5697 | .5633 | +23.5665

2) —53.0649 | .0642 | —53.0646 +11.2839 | .2777 -+-11.2808

4 | —33.4649 | .4610 | —33.4630 +10.6485 | .6441 | +10.6463

5 | —32.9213 | .9176 | —32.9194 +52.9749 | .9731 | +52.9740

6 —26.7510 | .7398 | —26.7454 — 5.3814 | .3909 | — 5.3862

Me 2A Te CIO NS —— 2A 734s, | ane 96 92 DSS) |2 aha 05350

8 —21.8344 | .8285 —21.8314 — 8.4738 | .4819 | — 8.4778

9 —21.9001 | .8930 | —21.8966 —55-7162 | .7137 —55-7150

fe) —I16.4105 | .4004 | —16.4054 | —57.7415 | .7444 | —57.7430

14 | 0.0000 .0000 0.0000 0.0000 | .0000 0.0000

See One GO| 2502 + 0.2781 — 1.1978 | .2032 | — 1.2005

21 ei 237 097) aeii2O) | 1-23-5717 00 + 0.3552 | .3505 + 0.3528

22 27-5772 | .5806 | --27.5789 | +17-1957 | .1904 | +17.1930

2370 ais2937030), (7039) ||, -|-20:7034 —I7.9165 | .9203 | —17.9184

24 | -+38.8422 | .8490 | +38.8456 —I9.3818 | .3866 | —19.3842

RAGE Xen Ve

S Carrs eee atree gi oe PIES ee ae ai a Sy a ee

Direct. Rev'd. | Mean. Direct. | Rev'd, Mean.

I —58.2545 | -2616 | —58.2580 +23.5619 | .5552 -+23.5586

2) | =.53.00078 0051 |) 52.0629 +11.2787 | .2722 | +11.2754

A | —33.4612 | .4612 | —33.4612 +10.6423 | .6374 | +10.6398

5 | —32.9212 | .9237 | —32.9224 +52.9696 .9671 | +52.9684

6 = 26:7502)| 7507 || —26.7504. — 5.3838 | .3923 | — 5.3880

Zi <I cD! | eee + 5-5392 | .5299 | + 5.5346

8 —21.8272 | .8254 | —21.8263 — 8.4792 | .4873 | — 8.4832

9 — 21.8933 | .8880 | —21.8906 —55-7181 | .7237 | —55.7209

10 | —16.4015 | .3999 | —16.4007 | —57.7497 | .7480 | —57.7488

14 | 0.0000 -OOO0O | O.O0COO O.C O00 | .O000 0.0000

15 + 0.2740 |.2768 | + 0.2754 — 1.1978 | .2043 | — 1.2010

TSH 1-192 00M 72825 | On 2i16 + 0.3529 | .3454 | + 0.3492-

2I | +23.7728 | .7726 | m23: 7727) | 9.3556 |-3497, | => 0.3526

BP | SASS)” | coy We SEA Gish +17.1964 | .1896 +17.1930

23 +29.7691 | .7679 | +29.7685 —I7.9141 | .9213 | —I17.9177

24 | +38.8475 | .8503 | +38.8489 —19.3759 | .3852 | —19.3806

(97)

III. Method of Reduction.

Having obtained in the manner explained in the preceding

section the measured coordinates of the stars on the plates, we

are in position to deduce from them the differences in right ascen-

sion and in declination to which they correspond. It is plain that

certain corrections must be applied before this can be accom-

plished. In the first place, a photograph is a plane picture of

the sky ; hence we must introduce the ‘‘ Transformation Cor-

rections.’’ Then the stars’ positions are affected by refraction,

precession, nutation and aberration, and the measures must be

freed therefrom. We shall find, however, in the progress of

the work, that before we can apply these corrections to the

measured coordinates, we must reduce the latter into differences

of right ascension and of declination (except for the corrections

mentioned above) by means of certain constants to be dis-

cussed later. These are found by comparing the positions with

respect to a given origin of certain well known stars on the

plates with their measured coordinates, corrected for refraction,

etc. These constants being known, we shall find that by means

of simple formule the measured codrdinates can be trans-

formed into angular distances and at the same time freed from

the effects of refraction and errors of orientation. Adding these

distances to the known coordinates of the origin of measures

on the plate, we obtain the celestial coordinates of the stars ex-

cept for the transformation corrections. The latter are then ap-

plied to the means of all the observations on each star, and we -

have the final right ascensions and declinations.

Let us proceed to discuss these several steps.

Transformation Corrections.—An astronomical photograph

may be regarded as a central projection ona plane of part of

(98 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 439

the heavens. A certain quantity, known as the ‘“ Transforma-

tion Correction,’ must therefore be added to reduce any meas-

ured distance on the plate into the distance on the sky to which

it corresponds. To find an expression for this correction, let

us consider the spherical triangle whose vertices are the pole,

the center of the plate, and any star on the plate. By center is

meant the point at which a perpendicular on to its plane from

the object glass cuts the plate. It is the point of tangency of

the plate with the spherical image of the sky formed at the

focus of the object glass. Now let

¢, = the right ascension of the center, and

the right ascension of any star;

Pf, = the north polar distance of the center, and

De that ofthe star:

7 = the parallactic angle at the center, and

x = the angular distance from center to star;

then, by the usual formule [Chauvenet, Sph. Trig., Equ.’s

(@2z2)5(123))]]

cos (fy—g) cos p

cosa GES 7 (1)

aie ee (fo—9) cot (a — ay) (2)

sin g

where

tan g —tan f cos (a— q). (3)

Now consider a central projection of the figure onto a tangent

planejat thescentenom tne platemO a wet OL, Oebe theaxes,

OY being the projection of the hour circle through the center

O, and OX being perpendicular to OY. Let also S be the pro-

jected position of the star, and X and Y its rectangular co-

ordinates on the plate expressed in seconds of arc of a great

circle, the positive directions being the same as those of the

‘‘Measured Coordinates” (cf. p. 427). Then we shall have,

taking the radius of the sphere as unity,

AX = OS sin YOS

\W4e= OS Gos I“KOS:

(99)

“440 KRETZ,

Also

OS =stanu,

so that

X = tan x sin 7

(4)

Y= tan x cos7

But from our spherical triangle _

sin x sin 7 = sin (@ — aj) sin f. (5)

Dividing (5) by (1), and remembering (4) we get

nays TEC ane sin (a —a,) sin cos g (6)

cos (fy — 9) 603 p

Similarly multiplying (2) by (6) we get

tapieicos y— 698 (¢@= 4%) tan p~ tan (Jo— 9) (G

tan g

These expressions may be easily transformed by the aid of

(3). We obtain finally

__ tan (a—a,) sin g

cos ( 7) — 7)

g)1

Y= tan (f)—7) (8)

where

tan g = tan / cos (a — a)

The formule (8) express rigorously the relation which holds

between the true and the projected distances. They presuppose

a knowledge of the scale-value, and of the position of the center,

when the position of any other star may be found.

From these formule very convenient expressions can be ob-

tained in the form of series, giving the transformation correc-

tions to any desired degree of accuracy. They may be used with

advantage to within 15° of the pole. Making the same assump-

tions as before with regard to the formule (8), let us write them :

tan (@ — a)

= ~ cos Ap cot g-+ sin fy (9)

pe atane eye

Se rating =i (ee)

1 These are Turner’s formule for transforming measured rectangular into celestial

coérdinates ; cf. Observatory, Vol. 16, pp. 373 ff.

(100)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 44]

Substituting from (10) in (9) we get after slight reductions

X = tan (a—a)) cos fy [tan p,— Y],

or Since

cos fp =sin dy, sin Zp—cos do, .

a— d, = Aa,

Xx X sec 0

tany AG = ee os sie Ee

cosd,— Ysind, 1I1— Ytan dy

Apply to this last expression the formula

tan—! w#=w—t2#8+1u5—..

and expand each term by division. To terms of the fourth

order the resulting series will be

NG ASE 0p, 4 (EAGSECIOG) yer tans

-+ A,(X sec J,) ¥Y2 A, =tan*d),

+ 43(X sec 09) 4Az—=— $F (12)!

4+ A,(Xsec 6,)3¥ A,——tan 4,,

+ A,(X sec d)) V A, =tan3d,.

The process may easily be continued to any number of terms ;

but for most cases even terms of the third order are almost in-

appreciable, and no accuracy is added by carrying the compu-

tations further. Higher terms will be necessary only when 0,

becomes large, or when the plate covers more than 2° square.

Let us now seek to find a similar series for Jd. The method

is entirely analogous to the preceding, but the algebraic work

is much more intricate. For we cannot now eliminate d and

thus get rid of that quantity once for all. We must keep it in

the reductions until the end, and then eliminate it by the relation

d= 0, + Ad.

Let us consider again the expression for Y in the form (9).

Remembering the last of equations (8), we can transform this

as follows: From (8) and (9)

tae: cos fo — ai = Ae sy ) s (13)

From (8) and (10)

tan f cos (a —ay)) =

tan fp — V

Ytan Z-+ 1

(14)

1See footnote, p. 443.

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII, April 4, 1900.—28.

(101 )

442 KRETZ.

Hence, after slight reductions, from (13) and (14)

X =sin (a—a,) tan p [ Ytan 2,41] cos Zp,

so that

ies xX

Oe Dean (a—a,) [VY sin py + cos Zo]

CO= as

ere Sa gine [ ¥ cos dy + sin dy]

and

sin Aa [ Y+ tan do]

tan (6) + Ad) = Ksee, (15

Expanding and reducing we obtain finally :

sin Aa [ Y+ tan 0)] —X sec 0, tan 6

Ad = 0 0 0,

Sa X sec 0, + sin Aa [ Y-+ tan dy] tan dy (26)

This may be written, substituting for the sine,

(40S + as) one nae tan dy

Ad = tan—!

X sec Jy + (20 — ee

ac®)) [¥-+ tan dh] tan dy

and if we replace here da by its value from (12), divide the

numerator by the denominator, and then apply the formula for

expanding the arc-tan., we get, to terms of the fourth order, the

following series for dd:

Ad= V+ D,(Xsec dy)? D,=—1sin2 6,

LED) Okisec ony eiva, W ea

aD Dd; ys ee

+ D,(Xsec cy)? ¥2 D,=— isin? d) tan 4, (17)!

D,=3 (3 sin dy cos? dy

+ D;(X sec dy)4

-- sin3 dy cos dp).

When 4a and 40 are known approximately from meridian

observations a still more convenient form may be deduced from

(12) and (17) by inversion of series. It is preferable in several

ways: the labor involved. in the calculations is slightly smaller

and the results are somewhat more accurate, as the da and dé

used are free from errors of scale-value and orientation, which

1 See footnote, p. 443.

(102 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 443

is not the case with the measured XY and Y. The formule, ar-

ranged for calculation to terms of the third order, are as follows :

Aa — X sec 6) =-+ AaAd .« tan dp sin I” |

: (18)!

— Aa3. 14(1— 3 sin? dy) sin? 17 ;

AS— VY = — Aa®. ¥ sin 2d, sin 1”

— Aa?Ad - % cos 2d, sin? 1” (19)!

ast 3.14 sin2 17

Ad3.. Y% sin? 17,

The simplicity and elegance of the above expressions are at

once evident when we remember that 0, is the declination of

the center of the plate, and is therefore constant for any group,

or, in fact, for an entire zone. It is, however, necessary, that

the position of the center should be known. As has previously

been mentioned, Rutherfurd was careful to have this point

coincide with some bright star; in the case of the Coma Plates

the star selected was 12¢ (my no. 14). Taking thus the values

of da and dé from the Catalog der Astronomischen Gesellschaft (cf.

the “ Lisr or CaraLoGuEs”’ in Part I of the present paper), and

applying formule (18) and (19) toeach star, the quantities

(da—X )sec 0, and dd — Y are obtained. I have collected them

in Taste VI. Since the rectangular coordinates, + and 7, were

measured from the same star as origin, it is evident that the

table will give at once the corrections which have to be added to

X sec 0, and Y,z. ¢., to the measured coordinates multiplied by

the scale-value for the center of the plate, in order to change them

to da and dd. It is also plain that the table will be constant

for all the plates, and that the corrections may therefore be

applied equally well to the mean of all the determinations, as to

each one separately. This I have done.

1 NoreE.—Equ.’s (12), (17), (18) and (19) were first deduced by this method

by Professor Jacoby. See his review of ‘‘ Donner, Determination des Constants,

etc.,’’ in the Vierteljahrsschrift for 1895, p. 114, where these series, to terms of the

fifth order are given, but without demonstration. Previously, Ball and Rambaut in

Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., XXX, P’t. [V, had deduced the first two of the above ex-

pansions to terms of the third order, but they were obtained by a process entirely

different from that shown here.

(103 )

444 ; KREQZ.

A few words more on this subject may not be amiss. In the

first paragraph of this section it is stated that the transformation

correction is applied in order to change a measured distance

on the plate into the corresponding actual distance on the sky.

That is, however, not all: it does something more than that, when

the formulz (12), (17) or (18), (19) are used. For they presup-

pose that all the measured y’s are multiplied by /, and all the

measured x's by f sec 0,, where 7 is the equatorial scale-value, and

0, is the declination of the center of the plate. But by this pro-

cess an error is introduced, as all the distances in right ascen-

sion whose declination is greater than 0, become too small, and

vice versa. The great advantage in using the formule men-

tioned, is, that they take account of this fact, and permit a con-

stant scale-value to be used for all the stars. They include

still another correction, namely that due to the curvature of the

projections on the plate of the parallels of declination, which

are not straight lines, but arcs tangent to the direction of the

axis of Y, at their intersection with the axis of Y. These con-

siderations will explain why the quantities in the table are not

symmetrical with respect to the center.

TABLE VI.—TRANSFORMATION CORRECTIONS.

Star. | Na—Xsec 0) Ad — Y | Star. | Aa—Xsec dy Ad — Y

“ “i I 7] “

I —10.109 17.086) Mili, 8 13 | +0.688 —0.233

2 <= 4.301 | + — 9.603) 71" "14 | .000 .00O0

3 20.249 — 8.028 || 15 0.003 .000

4 = 2.045. 00 | 228 2b een|lan LO +0.471 —o.176

5 —13.245 — 3.972 17, | —0.059 —0.029

6 + 1.119 — 2.412 || 18 +0.026 —0.321

7 — 1.015 | — 2.084 || 19 +5.644 —0.938

8 + 1.413 | — 1.599 | 20 +7.140 —I1.323

9 + 9.188 — 1.366 || 21 | =-0:046 —1.916

10 + 7.124 — 0.655 22 +3.567 —2.610

IL — 4.585 — 0.633 || 23 | 4.065 —2.958

12 — 3.785 — 0.503 || 24 ee =s)7/2 —5.046

Refraction Corrections.—Much has been written on the

subject of photographic refraction, and several formule pub-

lished designed to eliminate its effect from the measured rectan-

(104)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 445

gular coordinates. I have used those of Professor Jacoby’

which were deduced by him from Dr. Rambaut’s formule

published in the Astronomische Nachrichten, No. 3125. Let

gy = the latitude of the place, + 40° 43’ 50’ in my case ;

4 — wu, =the hour angle of the center of the plate, @ being the

‘‘Sidereal Time” from Taste I, and a, the right as-

cension of star 14, roughly corrected to the date of

observation ;

0, = the declination of the center, Star 14 ;

f =the constant of refraction computed for the center

with the argument ‘‘ True Zenith Distance,” ¢,, and

multiplied by && to allow for the increased refran-

gibility of the actinic’ rays’; so that 6)—£/. $8

(Chauvenet, Astr., Vol. I, §§ 119, 120).

Now compute the quantities

tan V= cos (§ —a,) cot ¢

G = cot (9+ 4)

Hf = tan (@ — aq) sin WV cosec (d) + V)

then will

tan? (, = G?+ Ae — (Chauvenet, Vol. I, equ. (20) )

M, = B(1 + #2) sin 1”

NV, = B( G — tan d,) “sec d, sin 1

M, = B(G + tan 0,) A cos dy sin 1”

NV, = B(1 + G?) sin 1”

and the refraction corrections will be

Correction to X sec 0) = MW, - X sec 5) + N,- V

Correction to Y == My 2CSES Oy a= ING oA

where evidently the coefficients of X sec d, and Y in the second

members are constant for each plate but vary for different

plates.

1 Astronomical Journal, No. 387.

2 Cf. Scheiner and Rambaut, Astrom. Nachrichten, No. 3255.

(105 )

446, KRETZ.

A very simple way of verifying the above formule is the fol-

lowing !: Bessel? gives corrections for clearing apparent differ-

ences in right ascension and declination, obtained by micromet-

ric observations, from the effects of refraction in the form:

A (a/ —a) =sxk [tan? ¢ cos (f¢ — g) sing

— tan ¢, sin g tan dy cos + sin J] sec dy

A (d’ — 0) = sk [tan? ¢, cos (¢ — g) cos g

+ tan ¢, sin g tan dy sin f + cos p]

where s and f are the measured distance and position angle,

£, and g are the true zenith distance and parallactic angle at the

middle point between .the two stars, whose coordinates are

(a, 0) and (a’, 0’), and 0, is the declination of that point. Now

(Chauvenet, Astronomy, Vol. II, p. 453)

x tan? ¢, =b—a

where, 7 being the refraction,

sin & 1 I

Osim) (CRE) =m Ee Coteanen Tena?

b Xo ; I Baas I

~My = ar anna ak! 7

I— — I—R/ sec? ¢(, — —— tan

placing cos y= I, sin =r and remembering that 7 = #’ tan €,

(Chauvenet, Vol. I, p. 171), where 7 and #’ are expressed in

parts of the radius. Expanding the expressions for a and 6 by

division, we easily obtain

ak!

6—a=k tan?¢, — 2’ tan 2¢, +

tan Cot oan

3 : ak! :

the succeeding terms being higher powers in #’ and —— which

can be neglected. For zenith distances less than 70° the term

een iee ME om

in as may also be neglected. For inside that limit we have

1Cf. Schlesinger’s ‘‘ Praesepe,’’? Note, p. 285, where the above method was first

pointed out

2 Astronomische Untersuchungen, Vol. I, p. 166; or Chauvenet, Astronomy,

Vol. II,-p. 458.

(106 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 447

ak! gd aX da’

Bra! a

(Cf. Chauvenet, Vol. I, p. 171)

with sufficient accuracy, as both 4’ and # are practically con-

stant, and # and 7 do not vary with the zenith distance. But

this is only 0.00002 at the limit selected; and since the

ke ¥

dt, tan ¢, will be inappreciable

when £, is less than 70°. lems we can write

tangent of 70° is 2.7, the term

k tan? C, = 2/ tan? ¢,

or K= k/

with sufficient accuracy for photographic work, where s is not

large.

Let us then substitute in the original formule for d(a’ — a)

and d(o’ — 0) from the following equations :

Kia

OS) 2.6

COST — 4

tan Cy) sin g =

tan ¢) cosg = G

and they become

A(a/—a) =2/ Xsec 6)(1 + H?) + 2/ V(G — tan d))Z sec 0,

A(d/—0) =2/ X(G-+ tan d)) 7+ 2/VY(1 + G?)

where £’ is expressed in parts of the radius. These formule

are evidently identical with Professor Jacoby’s except for the fac-

tor 66/65 by which £/ must be multiplied in order to obtain f.

It should be observed that in the above equations terms in the

second and higher powers of s are neglected ; for we take ac-

count neither of transformation corrections, nor of the fact that

in Bessel’s original formule the quantities ¢, and 0, are intended

to apply to the middle point between the two stars, whereas we

transfer them to the end of the arc. This is, however, entirely

legitimate for most photographic plates.

I subjoin Taste VII which shows the values of the four

factors M7, NV, MM, NV, tor all of my plates.

(107)

448 KRETZ.

TABLE VII.—REFRACTION COEFFICIENTS.

M, x i, My, | N,

--0,000307 —0,.000017 +o0.000048 | -+0,000313

.000331 .000022 .000078 .000319

.000287 | .OOGOOI . .000003_—| .000306

.000339 .000023 -OOOO9I .000317

-000375 .00002 I .0001 26 .000327

.000424 | .OOOOTT 000168 | .000342

.000362 .Q0002I | .OOOTIO . .000319

.000409 .000013 | .OOOI59 .000334

-000303 -OCOO17: | .000049 -000308

.0003 20 -00002T .000072 .000312

.000347 .000023_ | .OOOIOO -000319

.000384 | .000019 .000134 | .000329

.000294 | .OOOOI5 .000044 .000302

.000312 -000021 .ocoo68— .000306

Precession, Nutation, and Aberration.—None of these need

be taken into account. For as regards the first two, they, be-

ing due to motions of the earth, cannot affect the configuration

of the stars, although they shift the axes of reference. The

absolute distances between the stars will, therefore, be unaffected

by these causes, but the differences in right ascension and dec-

lination will be changed. If, then, we compute the constants

by the method to be detailed later, z, ¢., by comparing certain

stars on the plate with their positions as obtained from meridian

ovservations reduced to some convenient epoch, then it is evi-

dent that the resulting right ascensions and declinations from

the plate will be referred to the same epoch, without the need

of applying any corrections for precession or nutation. For the

changes due to these causes consist partly in a motion of trans-

lation, and partly in a motion of rotation of the axes ; the former

will be entirely eliminated, while the latter will be included in

the orientation correction.

Aberration may also be neglected. For Bessel’ has shown

that it changes the position angles about a point equally, while

it affects all the distances, in whatever direction, by a constant

1 Astronomische Untersuchungen, Vol. I, p. 207; or Chauvenet, Astronomy,

Vol. II, p. 466.

(108 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 449

factor only. Its whole effect will therefore be included in the

scale-value and orientation corrections, when these are ovieunied

by the method now to be described.

Constants of the Plates.—Four quantities must be known

for each plate, in order that we may determine the absolute po-

sitions of the stars whose coordinates have been measured.

They are: the right ascension a, and the declination 0, of the

center, or origin ; the value in seconds of arc of one division of

the scale ; and the angle made by the axes to which the meas-

urements are referred, with the axes of reference in the celestial

sphere. To obtain them, we must compare the measured coor-

dinates of certain stars (‘‘standards’’) with the corresponding

distances of the same stars, from the same point as origin, ob-

tained from meridian observations. Matters will be greatly

facilitated by a knowledge of approximate values for these con-

stants. As regards my plates, such information was available.

The position of the center which coincides with star 14 (12¢

Comze), was accurately known ; the approximate scale-value was.

placed at

I mm. = 527.87,

that being the result of a previous reduction of Rutherfurd’s

photographs of the Pleiades; while the orientation correction,

due to the rotation of the axes, would be necessarily small,

owing to the manner in which the plate was adjusted in the

measuring machine.

We must now obtain the distances da = a — a,, and 4d = 0.

—0,, for certain stars on the plates. Let us return to Part I,

Section III of this paper. We find there (p. 396) a catalogue of

twelve stars suitable for this purpose. Of these, the following

eleven are sufficiently well observed to serve as ‘‘standards”’: 2,

BS. On Onl Tacesi Anas) ToMZOs. sltese ate) @hase:s numbers: ;

they correspond, tormyesnumbers, 1.2) 4,. 55.0, 10,14, 15, 21, 22,

23, respectively. In the following I shall designate them by the

latter numbers only. But before proceeding to obtain 4a and

do for these stars, we must apply a correction for proper motion.

(109 )

450 KRETZ.

For, the photographs being taken at three different dates, namely

1870.3 (Plates I-III), 1875.4 (Plates IV—VIII), and 1876.4

(Plates IX—XIV), the relative positions of the standards will not

be the same for them all, due to the cause mentioned. As the

epoch of reduction is to be 1875, we must not apply any cor-

rection for precession or nutation, otherwise what has been said

above regarding this matter would not apply. We can, then,

construct Taste VIII. This table gives the Right Ascensions

and Proper Motions in Right Ascension, and the Declinations

and Proper Motions in Declination, for 1875. Then follow six

columns showing the seconds of the Right Ascensions and

Declinations with the proper motions applied to reduce them to

the three dates mentioned; and in the last two columns will be

found the Weights in Right Ascension and in Declination, respec-

tively, of each star for 1870 and 1875. The same weights were

used for 1875 and 1876. They were calculated by reversing

the process for obtaining the probable errors explained in Part I,

Sect. II, ‘‘ ForMuLz For ADJUSTMENT.” From these quantities

we can then obtain Ja and 4d with their weights for each,

‘‘standard”’ on every plate.

Now let us compute for each standard on each plate the

quantities ~, and 7, as follows: From TasBLe V we obtain x and

y for each star. Form the-products X seco" — 4 sec 00152) 287;

and Y=y.52’’.87. Correct these for refraction by means of

Tasie VII and the corresponding formule, and apply the trans-

formation corrections from TaBLte VI. Subtract from the sums

thus obtained the corresponding Jz or dd: the differences will be

n,sec 0,and x, It is then evident that ~, and 2, should be

zero, if it were not for errors of observation, and for errors in

the assumed constants. We are to find the values of the latter.

Let us introduce the notation :

p =the correction to the assumed scale-value, so that the

true value is 52’.87 (1 + Pf);

y = the orientation correction, or small angle through which

the axes must be rotated in the direction of decreasing

position angles ;

(110)

451

STARS IN COMA BERENICES.

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(111)

452 KREIZ.

k = the correction in seconds of arc of a great circle to be

added to the assumed right ascension ‘of the center ;

c = the correction in seconds of arc of a great circle to be

added to the assumed declination of the center.

Then the measured coordinates in seconds of arc of a great

circle, X and Y, will require the following corrections:

Due to erroneous scale-value,

Correction to ¥ — + AX

Correction to Y= -+- AY;

Due to orientation error, remembering that 7 is small, »

Correction to ¥ = + rV

Correction to Y=— 7X;

Due to errors in the assumed position of the center,

Correction to XY —= +

Correction to Y= -+ «

It is evident that if we add the sum of these corrections to

X and Y corrected for refraction and for transformation errors,

we should obtain da cos 0, and 4d respectively. We have,

therefore, from each star, two equations of the form

kt p~X+trVtinu=vy,

ct p¥—rX+n, =v,

where the v’s, as usual, are the residual errors due to inaccuracy

of the observations.

Let us now form, for each plate, equations like the above for

every standard measured ; we shall get a set of observation equa-

tions, from which the constants can be determined by the method

of least squares. Usually, when all the 7’s have the same weight,

or when the weights of corresponding equations in the two coor-

dinates are equal, it is possible to abridge the labor considerably

by means of certain formule deduced by Professor Jacoby.’ As

given by him, they apply to the case of equal weights only, but

they might easily be generalized. I could not make use of this

1Monthly Notices, May, 1896, p. 424.

( 112)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 4538

method, however. For, owing to the manner in which z, and

nu, were obtained (namely, by using Ja and 4d obtained from

catalogue positions), their weights are quite irregular. The

formule of the general theory, therefore, had to be used. Each

equation was first multiplied by the square root of the weight

of the star on which the absolute term depended. This, al-

though not theoretically correct (since the weight should take

account of the uncertainty in the position of the central star, and

also of that of the measured photographic coordinates), was

found to be sufficiently accurate, owing to the minuteness of the

unknowns. For the same reason, no appreciable error was

committed by dividing the coefficients V and Y by 100, and

retaining only the first place of decimals, while the arithmetical

work was greatly simplified thereby. The following set of ob-

servation equations was thus obtained :

VAAL VA XP 4 VAY LV An, 0

eee mee eee tener eee eee. Peewee eeenet eam aeees re saresses

SO i ee ier ey

where /p. is the square root of the weight, (7 — 1) is the num-

ber of standards used, f’ = 100/, # being the scale-value desired,

and7’/=1007. To find the unknowns, the following method

was used, a demonstration of which is given in Jordan, Hand-

buch der Vermessungskunde, Vol. I, p. 97 (4th edit.). Form

the two sets of normals :

[Al4+lAGle +1AY)7 + [A272] =o

LAM) 2’ + [AGM]? + [A422] =0

[AM YI’ + [2.422] =0

[Ale+ lA Y%12’ —[Ax]77 + [Ay] =0

[22 ¥. ¥,) 2’ — [A.A2 Y]7’ + [2 Yory] =0

[ 2.4, X,]7’ — [p.AXy2y] = 0

where the subscripts , refer to the equations containing #, and

the subscripts , to those containing c. Now eliminate # and c¢

_as usual, obtaining

(113)

454 KRETZ. —

2 lah) 4 (AM) ,,_ Lane]

(Ale? ea [Al

—— [po Yo) 47 Hl [A] 7/ — [ Poy] ;

[po] Ps Da [.]

and

[244% -1] 27+ [Aw dr + [ py Xyre - 1] —o

[AMwY%- 31)’ 4+ [4,%2-1]=0

[22% ¥2- 1p’ + [A.X, VY, - 17’ + [A Nr +1] =o

[P,X2X, - 1]7? + [P,Xyry +1] =0

Add the first and third, and the second and fourth of the last

equations, term to term, and from the resulting equations ob-

tain f/ and7’. The values will be identically the same as if

all the. four unknowns had been eliminated from one set of

normals by the general method.

The weights of the unknowns could, in this case, at once be

written down, with sufficient accuracy. For owing to the fact

that the weights in right ascension and in declination of the

observation equations are nearly equal, we have

A~4:-11+[A%%-y=[AnN- 1] + [p42 %X,- 1]

nearly and

[A “GY-1]+[Aa®%- 1]

small, so that we can place (cf. Chauvenet, Astronomy, Vol. IT,

P- 537)

Wt of = [AMX 1+TAYM%: 1)

Wit. 20f 7-4—— (Np Vay znaa)

where [PY Y- 3] denotes the coefficient of 7’ in the last

elimination equation. Similarly, in the inverted elimination, the

‘coefficients of f’ and 7’ are very large compared to those of

k and c, so ‘nat at once

Wt. & = [/,] of the equations containing 2

Wt. c = [f,] of the equations containing ¢.

Knowirg the weights, the probable errors were then obtained

in the usual manner from the residuals.

(114)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 455

It now remains only to make use of the constants obtained

by the methods described above. This is a simple matter.

For we have to apply to the measured codrdinates the correc-

tions

+ 4-Xsecd, +rsecd,- Ytksecd, to X sec dp

+p-Y —r-X +c tong

due to errors in the assumed constants, and

+ M,-Xsecdg + VzY to X sec dy

+ M,-Xsecd) + M,Y to Y-

due to refraction. If then we add X sec 0, and Y, corrected by

the process explained above to @, and 0, respectively, where a,

and 0, are the assumed coordinates of the center, we will obtain

for each star certain quantities, a, and 0,, which are defined by

the equations

a=a,+ Ta

6=0,-+ 73

where @ and 0 are the right ascension and the declination re-

spectively of the given star, and 7, and 7; are the corresponding

transformation corrections. @, and 0, may be called the “ pro-

jected” coordinates of the star. Collecting all these operations

together, it is evident that we can write the following formule :

a,—=(1+4+ M,)Xsec dy) + (Wz+ 7 sec Jy) V+ (ay + 4 sec dy)

6, =(1+ 7+ N,)V ++ (MZ,—r cos by) X sec by -+ (dp +6),

and

a=a,+ 7a, Jd=6,+ 735

and when taken in connection with the preceding discussion,

it is evident that these equations express in mathematical lan-

guage all the steps necessary to transform the measured rec-

tangular coordinates on the plates, + and y, into the correspond-

ing right ascensions and declinations on the celestial sphere.

(115)

TV. Results:

Constants.—Making the least square solution for each plate

as explained Sect. III, we get the constants set down in TABLE

IX. They all depend on eleven standards, except in the case

of Plate I, where two of these are missing, owing to inaccurate

pointing of the telescope. The probable errors computed for

p and ¢ in no case differed by more than a unit in the last place ;

I have therefore given only one value, which applies to both

these quantities.

TABLE 1X: —ConsErAnms:

| Probable Er-|

Prob. Er- | ‘Prob, Er-

ror of for.

ror of 2, | ror of c.

“

I | +0.000240 | + 0.000117 | 0.000030 | 0.135 0.056 —o.119 +0.053

Tela et 238 | + Bosna 28 || +0.131 | 0.058 | —0.083 | +0.054

IIL | 308 | + 192 | 26 10.148 -+0.052 --0.174 -+0.048

IV | Perey || als 194 | + 26 | —0.073 0.050 —0.178 | +0.047

V | 265 | + 540 + 28 || +0.003 | 0.056 | —0.100 | --0,052

VI | 260 | + 187 | + 26 || +0.166 | 0.052 | —0O.161 | +0.049

WALL pai), ae 92) | == 24 || +0.139 | 40.046 | —0.084 | +0.044

VIII 215 | + 118 | + 27 | —0.018 0.053 | —0.176 | +0.050

IDS 290 | — 140 | 2 24 +0.160 -t0.048 —0.095 -+0.045

Xx 283 | + Ir} + 24 | +0.069 -+0.048 —0.060 0.045

xe 307 | 60 | + 25 +0.089 +0.049 | —0.089 | +0.046

XII 266) + 199 | = 29 | +0.093 0.057 | —0.108 | +0.053

tH B07 132) + 24 | +0.161 | +0.048 —0O.107 | 0.045

x 304 | 25) -4 -+0.048 | —0.017 | 0.045

It will be seen that the probable errors agree very well, so

that the final positions from all the plates are entitled to an

equal amount of confidence. A probable error in p or + of

+ 0.000025 corresponds to an uncertainty of about 0.08 of

arc of a great circle in the position of the most outlying star.

The great diversity in the values of 7 is due for the “most part

to the accidental position in which the plate was set in the

measuring machine.

(116)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 457

The following are the residuals obtained by introducing the

values of the constants given above in the respective observa-

tion equations (p. 452):

From the Right Ascensions :

Plate. Stari. Star 2. Star 4. Star 5. Star g. Star io. Star 14. Star 15. Star 21. Star 22. Star 23.

I 40.14 0.25 —0.03 THOR 410.14 0.16 ei 6,10 0.26

II —1.02 0.00 0.08 +0.15 0.12 1.09 +0.13 +0.44 —0.04 —0.05 +0.24

III —o.39 —0.17 —0.06 +-0.15 —0.05 —I.08 +0.15 +0.28 —O.II —0O.12 +-0.3I

TV —o.32 +0.19 +0.28 +0.25 —o.10 —o,81 —o.07 +0.24 +0.04 —0.28 +0.43

V —o.48 -.0.12 +0.20 +0.2I1 —o.28 —I.05 .00 +0.40 —o.08 —o.26 +0 55

I —o.46 +-0.10 +0,16 -+-0.11 —0.41 —I.08 +0.17 +0.29 —0.30 —O.I5 --0.31

VII —o.42 +0.06 +0.08 --0.10 —o.22 —I1.16 -+0.14 +0.12 —0.32 +0.02 -+0.25

VIII —o.44 +-0.09 +0.15 -+0.28 —o.12 —o.82 —o0.02 +0.51 —o0.16 —0.24 +0.46

IX —0.44 —o0.02 +0.26 +-0.12 —oO 21 —I.oI 0.16 +0.27 —o.30 —o.18 +0.31

X —0.52 +0.04 +0.25 +0.28 —0.37 —0.98 +0.07 +0.10 —0.26 —0.07 -+-0.36

XI —o0.52 —0.05 -+0.34 +0.33 —o0.38 —o0.99 +0.09 +0.15 —0.16 —o0.15 +0.32

XII —o.70 -+0,31 --0.28 --0.12 —o.47 —I.09 +0.09 -++0.06 —0.15 —o.16 +0.45

XIII —o.64 -++0.03 +0.21 +0.16 —o.35 —o.91 +0.16 -|0.I9 —0.27 —O.II -+0.30

XIV —o.50 +0.06 0.27 0.21 0.42 —I.07 +0,09 -——0.03 —0.22 —0.09 -+0.42

4 a a a dd di M/ 4/ d/ Mi

Means. —o.49 --0.06 +0.19 +0.16 —o.25 —I1.01 +0,09 +0.23 —0.17 —0.14 +0.36

From the Declinations :

Plate. Star 1.. Star 2. Star 4. Star 5. Starg. Starro. Star 14. Star15. Star 21. Star 22. Star 23.

I —0.21 0.11 0.07 0.34 —o0/12 0/53 -L0.20 9.15 10.17

II 1.6.28 BiG —o.08 0.21 +0.26 --0.31 —o.08 -++0.52 +0.17 —0.07 +0.16

Ill +0.22 —o.07 —0.11 —o.12 +0.23 +0.33 —o.17 +-0.58 +0.22 +0.03 -++0.II

IV +0.12 +0,03 —0.09 +0.08 —o.15 +0.16 —o.18 -+0.21 -+0.22 —O.0I1 0.23

V -+0.08 —0.06 —o.05 —o.02 +0,01 +0.13 —o.10 +0.16 +0.16 —o.10 +0.29

VI -+0.09 —o0.08 —o.o1 —o0.08 -+0.03 -+0.27 —o.16 --0.13 +0.21 +-0.08 -+0.16

VII —o0.14 —0.06 —o.01 —o.14 +0.25 +0.18 —o0.08 -++0.03 +0.1I +0.13 +0.03

VIII +0.24 —0.06 —0.03 —0.O1 0.11 +0.07 —o.18 +0.14 +0.30 —0.03 +0.17

IX —0.03 —0.06 —o.09 +0.05 +0.08 +0.19 —0.10 .00 +-0.10 .00 +0.19

X —c.10 —0.0I1 —0.02 —0.12 —0.12 -+-0.20 —0,06 —0.07 +0.20 —0.OI -0,24

XI —0.02 —o0.13 —0,13 —0.06 —o.04 +0.18 —0.09 +0.23 +0.15 -+0.04 -++0.19

XII -+0.01 —o.13 —0.07 —o.02 +0.14 +0.19 —O.IF +0.09 +0.24 —0.07 --0.23

XIII .00 —0.09 —0.03 —o0.08 +0.18 +0.32 —0.11 —0.01 +0.1I -++0.06 +0.12

XIV —o.09 —0.06 —o.14 —o0.14 +0.06 +0.17 —0.02 +0.05 +0.10 -+0.04 -+0.12

“4 a“ “ “ “i “ “ “ Vd a“ SU

Means +0.05 —0.07 —o0.08 —o.05 +0.10 +0,22 —o.11 +0.18 +0.18 0.00 -++0.17

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sci., April 4, 1900.—29.

Gia)

458 KRETZ.

A consideration of these residuals brings out several interest-

ing facts. In the first place it is evident that they are almost

entirely due to errors in the meridian places, as the residuals

from the different plates for any one star run very nearly alike.

But a more important matter is their size. On the whole

they are fairly large, although perhaps not more so than might

have been expected from the probable errors of the standard

stars. At least is this the case with the declinations ; the right

ascensions show a much greater uncertainty. This is due partly

to the fact that 2’s on the plates are more difficult to measure,

owing to the elongation of the images ; but the chief cause is

the greater inaccuracy of the catalogue right ascensions. The

statement regarding this matter in Part I, Sect. I, ‘‘ WEIGHTs,”

is thus fully borne out. It is important to note, that the resi-

duals seem to increase more rapidly than the probable errors of

the stars, so that the poorly determined standards show rela-—

tively larger residuals than the others. These considerations

lead to the following conclusions: Unless several stars on the

plates can be found well determined in a considerable number

of reliable catalogues, it will not pay to go through the labo-

rious process of obtaining the positions of the standards by the

method which I employed. If good modern observations are

available, the constants determined from them will be quite

sufficiently accurate ; provided, of course, that the date of ob-

servation is not very distant from the date of exposure of the

plate, or otherwise, that the proper motion of the stars be accu-

rately known.

To satisfy myself on this point, I deduced the constants of

Plate III, using values of 7, and 7, obtained by comparison of

nine of my stars with Romberg’s places. The weights assigned

were the same as had been given to this catalogue throughout

the present paper. I found thus :

ad ad

k= — 0.469 + 0.107

“i af

¢—=— 0.256 + 0.107

p+ 0.000433 -+ 0.000061

7= +.0.000245 + 0.000061

(118 )

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 459

and the residuals:

Star 1. Star2. Star 4. Star 5. Star 14. Star 15. Star 21. Star 22. Star 23.

Ina 9.68 40.25 41.10 0.69 —o.47 Garey 0.67 —0.35 40.36

Ind -+0.03 +-0.18 —o.23 +0.06 —o.26 +0.28 +0.37 +0.07 -+0.06

Both the residuals and the probable errors, it is true, are rather

larger than when the constants were obtained by the more

elaborate method. But considering the quantities themselves,

it will be seen, that both / and & differ from the values previ-

ously obtained by more than the sums of the probable errors.

In the latter case, the reason for this discrepancy is an unex-

plained systematic difference between Rombereg’s places, and the

positions of my standards. The discordance in / cannot be thus

explained. It is much more serious, as it affects, not the group

as a whole, but changes the relative positions of the stars. It

appears then, that the constants are by far the most unreliable of

all the quantities used in the reduction of the plates; and it

would seem that any labor spent on them, outside of what is

absolutely necessary, is but poorly repaid.

True Scale-Value.—It has been stated that the computed

scale-value, 52’’.87(1 + f), involves the effect of aberration.

It may be useful for future reductions of the Rutherfurd photo-

eraphs to set down the true quantities. Although for accurate

work it will in general be necessary to perform the least square

solution for each plate, and thus independently to obtain the

scale-value, cases might arise, when a close approximation would

be sufficient, or when the number of available standards is so

small, that no reliance can be placed on the resulting constants.

Then, too, it is possible that a relation may exist between the

“focus ”’ and the scale-value.

To find the form of the correction to be added to 52’".87(1 + /)

in order to eliminate the effect of aberration, we let

o = the “we distance in seconds of arc, from the center to

any star on the plate ;

n =the mcasured number of millimeters on the plate, from

the center to the star whose distance is a.

(119)

460 KRETZ.

Then it is evident, from the method by which the constants

are derived (z. ¢., by comparison with catalogue positions) that,

but for errors of observation,

02”. 87(1 +). (1)

But evidently, z is too great by the amount of the aberration,

being the measured distance on the plate. Hence, if we let

a : : Bah Na

y = — (tan € sin dy ++ sin ay cos dy) - sin I

ats Asien

0 = cos ay cos dy: sin 1”,

where ¢ is the obliquity of the ecliptic, and a, and ¢, are the

coordinates of the central star, roughly corrected to the time of

exposure of the plate, then will (cf. Chauvenet, Astronomy, Vol.

II, p. 467)

o(1+ Cy+ Do)

be the measured distance on the plate in seconds of are. Cand

PD in this formula represent the Besselian day numbers, and may

be obtained from the Ephemeris. We find, then, evidently

True Scale- Value — S — o(1+ Cy+ Do) (2)

or, remembering equation (1), and neglecting small terms

S= 52”.87(1 + p+ Cy + D0). (3)

A correction for the temperature at which the plate was

measured might also’be applied, using for this purpose the co-

efficient of expansion determined by Dr. Schlesinger (‘‘ Praesepe,”’

p. 223). But as that quantity is not very reliable, and as the

corrections are necessarily very small, being in no case as large

as 0.0007 if we use the value of wv as given in the place referred.

to, while, on the other hand, the mean uncertainty of / is more

than 0.0013, I have felt justified in neglecting the same.

We obtain. then the following table :

(120)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 461

TAREE SOC RUB SCALE VALUES:

Plate. | r+. Corr. for Aberr, | Corr. Scale Value. Tel. Ther. |Focus.

“i oO |

I | -+1.000240 | -+0.000062 | 52.8860 | Re | 8.4

= 238 -- 062 «C 52.8859 53 8.4

- 308 — 063 52.8896 | 58 | 8.5

-— 233 + 088 52.8870 | 60 Tell

Vv + 265 4 0838 52.8887 60 agi

— 260 a 088 52.8884 60 Neer

a 210 + 088 | 52.8858 70 786

+ 215 + 088 52.8860 70 | Fa0

_ 290 -- 086 » 52.8899 60 Wnezeuys

x) + 283 086 52.8895 | 60 Ween

Sp 307 -- OSOnas| 52.8908 60 TEM

=a 266 ae 086 | 52.8886 60 pasesiee/A

a 307, | + 086 52.8908 65 | 7.65

—- 304 | + 086 52.8906 65 | 7-65

The mean scale-value is:

52/8884.

In forming the above table no account has been taken of the

temperature at which the plate was exposed, nor of the reading

of the ‘“focus”’ and ‘“‘ telescopic thermometer ”’ (which are copied

from TasLtE I). A discussion of the effects of these causes on

the scale-value must be postponed until a much larger number

of Rutherfurd plates have been independently reduced.

Separate Results—Employing the constants of TaBLe IX

as explained in Sect. III, we obtain the ‘‘ projected”’ right ascen-

sions and declinations, a, and 0,, given on the succeeding pages.

From them we can find the final coordinates, a and 0, and the

proper motions. The latter were deduced from my results, in

connection with Chase’s (cf. p. 343, foot-note, of the present pa-

per) positions, for all those stars which he observed. - Only two

others were found on a sufficient number of plates to war-

rant an investigation for proper motion. The method em-

ployed for all cases when the observations were distributed

over more than two distinct dates, was that fully explained in

Part 1, Sect. II, “ FormMUL# FoR ADjUSTMENT.” - The epoch

being 1875, Chase’s positions were reduced from 1892 to that

date, using his geometric precessions. A systematic correction

(121)

462 KRETZ.

of — o’’.44 in R. A. and + 0’.72 in Decl., indicated by direct

comparison with my standards, was then applied. As date of ob-

servation I assumed uniformly 1891.6. This differs in no case

by more than .3 of a year from the true value, and the calcula-

tions are greatly simplified by using the same dates throughout,

as then 7) and 4(CY) remain constant. Unit weight was assigned

to all the observations, including those of Chase. This was

warranted by the probabie errors, and the formule of Part I,

p. 365 were greatly simplified thereby. They become

eB) Ay a,

10 ce aaigle a area

and

3(CE)

AH0= 3 €8) » #=—Amy,

where the notation is the same as before and 7 denotes the

number of observations. The a, and ¢, thus obtained include

Chase’s position, however. As I wished to have an independent

determination, deduced solely from the photographic observa-

tions, these quantities were not used, but a value for 1875 was

obtained directly by the following method: The proper mo-

tion having been found as explained above, the measured posi-

tions were corrected to 1875 by applying to them the quantity

(1875 —7Z). The mean was then taken of the corrected places

excluding Chase’s position, and this is the final ‘“ projected ”’

coordinate for 1875, z.¢., a, or 0,, as the case may be, of the suc-

ceeding tables. The probable error of a single observation was

obtained from all the residuals by Peters’ formula as given by

Rogers in his zone (North Decl. 50° to 55°) of the Catalog der

Astronomischen Gesellschaft, p. (10), which is

r= + 0.8453 ———

nm being the total number of residuals used, and xz’’ being the

number of stars. We find thus

7a. —= + 0/7,0939 — + 0/7.0840 in equatorial seconds,

Poo iA

73 = + 077.0595;

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 463

as the probable error of a single observation. The probable

error of a catalogue position depending on fourteen plates is

therefore

Ya == +0//.025, VY, —= + 0//.016

§ 5)

the v, being in seconds of arc of a parallel of declination

through the center of the plate. It should be mentioned, that

the residuals as used are assumed to be all of equal weight.

This, while not theoretically correct (since some of the positions

include, besides errors of direct observation, the uncertainty

of the proper motion) is sufficiently accurate, owing to the

small value of the probable errors of the proper motions, and

the fact that (1875—) is in no case larger than 4.7.

The probable errors of the proper motions were obtained by

the usual formule (cf. Part 1, Sect. II, ‘“‘ FornmuLt@ For AD-

JUSTMENT ’’)

7 = += 0.6745 a ; Tis Wey

The w’s used here were the same as before, including, how-

ever, the residuals obtained from Chase’s position reduced to

1875 and corrected for proper motion. Neglecting the fact

that the mean w, or 0, does not include Chase’s observations,

which can be done without appreciable effect on the result, it

is easy to show that the residuals obtained as explained above

have the same value as they would have if computed by the

method deseribed im Part I, Sect. Il, ““Srar DaBreEs.’ ~ For by

the latter method

Va = 4) — B,/

Geta te.

Fate mt

2 Guar @ ar 2 ar On Atty (4 + 4 + 17 + 4m)

arts: ML Z Wt

— a, — Atty t

for the case of equal weights of all the a's. But by the first

method

(128 )

464 KRETZ.

_ % + Auy(44— 1875 ) + a, + Aug(Z, — 1875) + °° + Gn + Apig(tn— 1875) .

— [a + Any (4, — 1875) ]

Opt Sai at En aE Avo 4 ats Zante “1 ate Se) a, — Afty ¢

oe Tamed lanes Olgle2

We Mt

va)

so that the two results are identical. We can therefore use the

formula for 7, given above, and, with the exception of the slight

inaccuracy mentioned, the results will be theoretically correct.

All the probable errors of the proper motion in the succeed-

ing tables were obtained in this way.

On the following pages are recorded the separate positions

of all the stars on the plates. Chase’s place, reduced to 1875,

is printed in Italics at the end of each list. The headings are

plain when taken in connection with the preceding discussion.

At the end of each table are given the final means, a, and 0,,

the date of observation, and the proper motion with its probable

error. a@,and 0), as has been stated, do not include Chase’s ob-

servations. - For the Stars numbered, 2)745<510)7,73,,9, 10, ie

15, 21, 22, 23, and 24, w and pv’ were computed by the method

detailed above. The other proper motions given in the tables

were obtained by subtracting the mean of my determinations

from Chase’s position, and dividing the difference by the interval

in years. They are inclosed in brackets, for the sake of dis-

tinction. No probable error was computed for them. The

dates of observation are evidently the same in all cases, and are

as follows: Plates I-III, 1870.3, Plates IV—VIII, 1875.4,

Plates IX—XIV, 1876.4, and Chase 1891.6. They are not re-

peated in the tables, but at the end of each is given the mean

date of observation (excluding Chase) corresponding to the star.

(124)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 465

PS AR eis

Right Ascension. Declination,

| Blatess | toner Sealey aa __ Plate. for u’.| 1875. |

| GY Ved “ as “ OY < “ “ | =F i ae “ i

II | 183 5 52.74 |—0.33| 52.41 |--0.63 | 26 53 9.81 |-10.34| 10.15 |—0.17

III | 5 53.36 —0.33 53.03 |9.01 53 9-75 |4-9.34| 10.09 |—o.11

JIN | 5 53-23 |+0.03| 53-26 |—o0.22 53 10.08 —0.03) 10.05 | —0.07

V 5 53.06 |+0.03) 53.09 —0.05 53 10.04 |—0.03 10.01 |—0.03

Vi | 5 53-09 |+-0.03| 53.12 | 0.08 53 10.05 |—0.03 | 10.02 | —0.04

Nelale) 5 53-13 | +0.03) 53.16 | —0.12 53 9.82 |—0.03| 9.79 )-+0.19

VIII | 5 53-11 |--0-.03,| 53.14 |—o.10 53 10.19 —0.03 10.16 | —0.18

IX 5 53.08 |-+0.10] 53.18 | —o.14 53 10.00 —0.I10| 9.90 | +-0.08

X | 5 52.99 |+0.10) 53.c9 | —0.05 53 9.95 —0O.10| 9.85 |-++0.13

XI | 5 52.98 |-+0.10| 53.08 | —0.04 53 10.03 |—0.10| 9.93 |-+0.05

XII | 5 52.78 |+0.10) 52.88 | +0.16 53 10.05 |—0.10| 9.95 |+0.03

XIII | 5 52.86 |+0. 10} 52.96 | +0.08 53 10.04 |—0.10] 9.94 |-+0.04

XIV | 5 52.99 --+0.10) 53.09 —0.05 539190) |——0: 10), 6:86), |= OnI2

Chase | 5 51.06 |\+1.16| 52.82 | +0.22 GSP LCG IOI HOBO) | =O?

aoty ae Se a

a, 183 5 53.04 Oj 26 53 9.98

Date of Observation, 1875.1 Date of Observation, 1875.1

u —0.070 0.0085 uw +0.073 +£0.0046

STARE 2:

Right Ascension, Declination.

Plate. for uw. | 1875. | e Plate. | for w’. | 1875. | ve

II )183 11 0.62 I—o.18| 0.44 oui 26 42 20.11 0.04 | 20.15 |+0.03

Ill II 0.43 —o.18, 0.25 -+0.08 42 20.22 +0.04) 20.26 |—0.08

IV | II 0.48|+0.02) 0.50 |—0.17 42 20.27| .00| 20.27 |—0.09

Vv II 0:39|-+-0.02| 0.41 |—0.08 42 20.20} .00} 20.20 | —0.02

VI II 0.37!+0.02)| 0.39 |—0.06 42 20.17| .00| 20.17 |-++0.01

VIL | II 0.30!++-0.02) 0.32 |--0.0I 42 20.19}; .00} 20.19 | 0.01

VIII | IL 0.34|+0.02) 0.36 |—0.03 A220:08;| 9 3.7.O0)|s20)18) |. 00

IX II 0.15 /+0.05) 0.20 |-++0.13 42 20.18 |—0.01| 20.17 |-++0.01

x | II 0.21|}+0.05) 0.26 |+0.07 42 20.24 |—0.01} 20.23 |-—0.05

XI | II O.11|+0.05) 0 16 |+0.17 42 20.12 |—O.OI | 20.11 | 4-0.07

XII | II 0.49 +0.05 | 0.54 |—O.2I 42 20.11 I—o.01| 20.10 |-+0.08

XITI II 0.19|/+0.05) 0.24 |+0.09 42 20.15 I—o.0r | 20.14 | 4-0.04

XIV | It 0.23|/+0.05 0.28 |+0.05 42 20.18 |—o O1| 20.17 |--0.01

Chase | I0 59-71 |\+-0.05| 0.36 | 0:03 42 20.34 |—0.13| 20.21 |—0.03

a 183 11 0.33 ie, 26 4220-18

Date of Observation, 1875.1 Date of Observation, 1875.1

ue —0.039 “40.0045 ul +0.008 40,002 d

(125)

466 KRETZ.

STAR G2

Right Ascension. Declination,

ES TN Epoch of | Corr, | Epoch At Epoch of | Corr, Epoch

Petal oe Plate alone ys. ie Plate. | for’. | 1875.

VI 183 13 56. ‘6r 0.00] 56.61 — 25 45 25.94 0.01 25.93 —

hase NPS SOTONS OS 5G: ON pec a a5 Noe Ne

a 183 13 56.61 6, 25 45 25.93

Date of Observation, 1875.4 Date of Observation, 1875.4

[ [-o.orr] be [+0.021]

STAR 4.

| Right NIGER Declination.

Plate. | for uw. | 1875. | be Plate. | for “7. | 1875. | me

a “i dd {9} ‘ dd “s | ‘i | Md

eae 30 20. ‘48 i—0.85| 19.63 —0.07 | 26 41 46.42 +0.17) 46.59 | +0.10

IL | 30 20.43 |—0.85 19.58 —0.02 4I 46.55 arc 17| 46.72 | —0.03

Ill 30 20.27 —o.85| I9 42 |+0.14 4I 46.51 |+0.17! 46.68 | +0.01

TV) 30 19.58 |+0.07)| 19.65 |—0.09 41 46.69 —0.01) 46.68 -+0.01

V 30 19.48 |+0.07) 19.55 |-+-0.01 41 46.73 —O.O01 46.72 |—0.03

NAGY 30 19.45 +0.07) 19.52 |-+0.04 41 46.76 —0.01| 46.75 | —0.06

VII; 3019.36 |+0.07| 19.43 |+0.13 41 46.76 —o.01| 46.75 |—0.06

VII | 30 19.43 |+0.07) 19.50 | ++-0.06 4I 46.75 —0O.0I 46.74 | —0.05

IX} 3019.34 |+0.25| 19.59 | —0.03 AI 46.71 |\—0.05| 46.66 | +0.03

X |} 30 19.33 |+0.25|) 19 58 | —0.02 4l 46.79 |\—0.05| 46.74 | —0.05

XI | 30 19.43 |+-0.25| 19.68 | —0.12 41 46.68 —o0.05| 46.63 0.06

XII | 30 19.36 |-+0.25| 19 61 |—0.05 41 46.74 —0.05 | 46.69 0.00

XIII 30 19.30 |+0.25| 19.55 | 0.01 AI 46.77.|—0.05| 46.72 | —0.03

XIV 30 19.36 +0.25) 19.61 |—0.05 4I 46.66 —o.05 46.61 | -++-0.08

Chase 30 16.52 |+-3.00| 19.52 | +0.04 41 47.26 |—0.60\ 46.66 | +-0.03

a, 183 30 19.56 5, 26 41 46.69

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation, 1874.7

u —0.181 --0.c028 wl 0.086 --0.0019

i :

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 467

STARE 5

| Right ASSETS OM ise Lael om.

HESS. At Epoch of | Corr, Epoch x nix Epoch of | Corr, Epoch|

T1832 30 51.28. l—0.42 50.86 | 0.37 7 19 ‘6. 84 l—0.45 6.39 |—0.21

II } 30 51.72 |—0.42)| 51.30 | —C.07 19 6.52 |—0.45| 6.07 |-+0.11

IIl+ 30 51.72 —O 42) 51.30 |—0.07 19 6.62 |—0.45| 6.17 |+0.cI1

LE | 30 51.28 |+0.04| 51.32 | —0.09 19 6.27 |+0.04| 6.31 |—0.13

Ww 30 51.24 +0.04 51.28 |_—0.05 19 6.18 |--0.04| 6.22 |—0.04

VI | 30 51.13 |+0.04| 51.17 | +0.06 19 6.12 |+9.04| 6.16 |+0.02

Wale 30 51.12 |+0.04| 51.16 | +0.07 19 6 06 |-+0.04) 6.10 | -+-0.08

VIII | 30 51.31 |-+0.04) 51.35 | 0.12 19 6.18 |+0.04) 6.22 |—0.04

IX 30 51.04 |-+0.13 51.17 | +0.06 19 6.12 |+-0.13) 6.25 |—0.07

xX | 30 51.20 |+0.13) 51.33 |—O.II 19 5.96 |+0.13, 6.09 |-++0.09

XI 30 51.26 |+0 13) 51.39 |—0.17 19 6.01 |+0.13] 6.14 |-+0.04

XII | 30 51.02 |+-0.13) 51.15 | +0.08 19 6.07 |+0.13| 6.20 |—0.02

XIII | 30 51.07 |+0713)| 51.20 | +0.03 19 6.00 |-+0.13| 6.13 |-+0.05

XIV | 30 51.1f |+0.13) 51.24 | —0.01 19 5.94 :|+0.13| 6.07 |-+0.11

Chase} 30 49.05 |+1.49| 51.14 |—0.09 19 4-03 |4-1.59| 0.22 |—0.04

a, 183 30 51.23 5, 27 19 6.18

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation: 1874.7

[i —.090 +:0,0049 L/ — 0.096 +0.0034

STAR 6.

Right Ascension, Deelnaon

At Epoch of | Corr. ‘Epoch| ‘ cs At Epoch of | Corr, Epoch| us

Plate. __| for . | 1875. | ie Plate. | for w/. ‘1875. rae

I 183 36 56.99 —o.30) 56.69 |—0.21 | 26 27 38.54 +0.02! 38.56 |-+o.14

II 36 56.91 —0.30 56.61 —0.13 27 38.85 |-+0.02! 38.87 |—0.17

IIT | 36 56.47 —o. 30| 56.17 |-+0.31 27 38.71 |+0.02| 38.73 |—0.03

IV | 36 56.51 +0 03 | 56.54 | —0.06 27 38.62 .00| 38.62 |+0.08

W 36 56.49 Ito. 03| 56.52 |—0.04 27 38.61 .00 38.61 /+0.09

VI 36 56.41 | + 0.03) 56.44 | | +0.04 27 38.63 .00| 38.63 |-+0.07

VII 36 56.02 +0.03| 56.05 | -+0.43) 27 38.65 .00) 38.65 | +.0.05

VIII 36 56.77 |+0.03| 56.80 | —0.32 27 38.75 .00) 38.75 |—0.05

x 36 56.58 --0.09 56.67 | —0.19 27 38.82 |—o.01| 38.81 ;—0.11

XI 36 56.18 |+0.09| 56.27 lo, 21 27 38.77 |—0.01| 38.76 |—0.c6

XII | 36 56.38 |+o. 09| 56.47 --0.01 27, 30.7.2 | 0:01] 38:70") 100

XIII 36 56.67 | | --0.09| 56.76 |—0.28 27 38.68 —0.01 38.67 | +0.03

XIV 36 56.23 | (+0.09| 50-32 | +0.16 27 38.79 Or Ge Te | ores

a, 183 36 56.48 Oy 26 27 38.70

Date of Observation, 1874.6 Date of Observation, 1874.6

yb —0.064 -++0.0187 jw 0.004 +0,0073

(127)

468 KREDZ:.

STAR We

Right ASCENSION:

late. At Epoch of Corr, : Epoch| awe

Plate. | for uw. | 1875.

Declination,

At Epoch of | Corr. Epoch|

Plate. }for wv’. | 1875. |

I 183 “38. 53. 30 —o.12 53.18 —0.08 26 37 16.63 0.02) 16.61 |+0.07

Ta} 38 53.25 |\—0.12| 53.13 | —0.03 37 16.71 ;—0.02, 16.69 | —o0.or

III | 38 53.14 |—O.12| 53.02 | +0.08 37 16.80 |—0.02| 16.78 |—o.10

IV 38 53.22 |-+0.01| 53.23 | —0.13 37 16. 58 | .00| 16.58 | -+0.10

V 38 53.11 |-+-0.01 53.12 |—0.02 37 16.76| .00! 16,76 |—o.08

VI |. 3853.03 |-+o.01|53:04 |50106)| 37 16:80) ~=s00) 16.80 |—o. 12

VII 38 52.89 |-+0.01| 52.90 | +0.20 37 16.67 .00| 16.67 | +-0.01

VIII 38 53.23 |+0.01| 53.24 |—0.14 37 16.71 | .00) 16.71 | —0.03

IX | 38 52.91 +0.04) 52.95 | +0.15 37 16.50 |-+0.01| 16.51 | +0.17

Xx 38 53.04 | +0.04) 53.08 | +0.02 37 16.66 |+0.01| 16.67 | +0.01

XI 38 53.23 | +0.04| 53.27 | —0.17 37 16.81 +0.01) 16.82 _—o.14

XII 38 53.09 |-+0.04| 53.13 | —0.03 37 16.79 |+0.01| 16.80 | —o.12

XIII 38 53.18 | +0.04) 53.22 |—0o.12 37 16.49 |+0.01) 16.50,|-+0.18

XIV 38 52.88 +0.04) 52.92 |+0.18 37 16.63 |+0.01| 16.64 | +0.04

Chase 38 52.70 +-0.42 53.12 |—0.02 37 16.63 |+0.07| 16.70 | —0.02

ie) / “

a, 183 38.53.10 OF 26 37 16.68

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation, 1874.7

“ “ a a

le —().025 --0.0044 [w? —).004 +-0.0038

STAR 8.

Right Ascension. Declination,

Plate, for j. k 1875. has ‘ Plate. | for’. | 1875

a “ |

I 183. Ar 47. 75 =o. 27| 47. 48 |-bo. 02| 26 24 55. ‘40 —0.09) 55-31

II AT 47.78 |—0.27| 47.51 |—o.01 24 55-30 |—0.09 55.21 |

4I 47.44 |—o. 27VAT. Win Os38 24 55-37 —C.09 55.28 |

4I 47.70 |+0.02| 47.72 |—O 22 24 55.66 | +0.01| 55.17 |

4I 47.34 |+-0.02) 47.36 | 0.12 24 55.08 +0.01 55.09 |

41 47.57 |--9.02) 47.59 |—9. 24 55-20 |+-0.01| 55.21 |

41 47.65 |+0.02| 47.67 5 24 55.21 +0.01 55.22 —0.04

4l 47.64 |+0.02! 47.66 | : 24 55.14 +0.01 55.15 | +0.03

4U 47.29 |4-0.08| 47.37 24 55.09 |+0.03! 55.12 | +0.06

41 47.34 |+0.08) 47.42 | : 24 55.07 |+-0.03| 55.10 | +0.08

41 47.60 |-+-0.08) 47.68 | ; 24 55.10 |+-0.03| 55.13 | +0.05

4l 47.36 |+0.08} 47.44 | ‘ 24 55-23 |+0.03| 55.26 | —0.08

4I 47.27 |-+0.08} 47.35 | ; 24 55.18 ‘i 0 03 55.21 |—0.03

| AI 47.43 +0.08 47.51 . 24 §5.07 |-+-0.03) 55.10 | +0.08

Chase| 41 46.46\+0.95\ 47-4 |+0.09| 24 54-93 |+-0.33| 55-26 |—0.08

a, 183 41 47. 50 oF 26 24 55.18

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation, 1874.7

dé 4/ ai dé

lL —0).057 0.0063 id —().020 0.0027

(128)

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 469

STAR 9.

Right Ascension, Declination.

At Epoch of | Corr. | Epoch|

Plate. for 4’. | 1875.

At Epoch of | Corr, Epoch

Plate. for uw. | 1875. is

‘ “i

| ° a “ di “ (o} é b 4 | di dd

I |383 41 45.71 —1.36 44.25 —0.07] 25 43 15.23 +0.63) 15.86 -+0.06

II | 4I 45.61 —1.36 44.25 +-0.03 43 15-44 +0.63 16.07 |—0.15

III | 4I 45.68 —1.36) 44.32 —0.04 43 15.40 +-0.63 16.03 | —O.I1

UNE 4I 44.37 |=-O.12) 44.49 |—O.21 43 15.76 |—0.05| 15.71 | +0.21

Na 4I 44.16 |-+-0.12) 44.28 .OO 43 15.92 |—0.05! 15.87 | 10.05

VI | 41 44.02 |+ 0.12} 44.14 | -+-0.14 43 15.93 —0.05 15.88 | +0.04

VII | 4I 44.23 |+0.12) 44.35 | —0.07 43 16.16 | —0.05/| 16.11 |—0.19

VIII AI 44.34 |4-0.12| 44.46 |—0.18 43, 16.01 —0.05| 15.96 —0.04

IX 4I 43.99 1+ 0.40] 44.39 |—O.II 43, 16.12 |—0.19| 15.93 |—0.01

Xx AI 43.82 |+-0.40) 44.22 | -+-0.06 43, 15.93 |—0.19| 15.74 | +0.18

XI | 4I 43.80 |+0.40) 44.20 | -+-0.08 43 16.CIl —0.1g9, 15.82 +0.10

XII | 4I 43.69 | +0.40! 44.09 | +0.19 43, 16.19 |—0.19| 16.00 |—0.08

XIII 4 43 83 |+-0.40) 44.23 |-+0.05 43 16.22 |—0.19| 16.03 | —o.11

XIV | AI 43.74 |+0.40) 44.14 | +0.14 43 16.09 —0.19 15.90 | +0.02

Chase AL 39-53 \+4-80| 44.33 |—0-05 4318.19 |\—2.21| 15.98 |—0.06

Gy, 183 41 44.28 dy 25 43 15.92

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation, 1874.7

le —0.289 +0.0044 pb! +0133 +0.0044

SPARE O:

| Right Ascension, Declination.

Plates) forpe | T875) |p blac fore nS7 5:

| OME eH/ | a | “ ° / 4/ “ d “

I \183 47 8.72 | —o.18 | 8.54 |—0.02] 25 41 28.99 —0.07, 28.92 | —0.04

II | 47 8.66; —o.18 | 8.48 |+0.04 41 28.95 —0.07 28.88 .0O

III | 47 8.68 | —o.18 | 8.50 |-+0.02 41 28.98 —o.07 28.91 |—0.03

JIN 47 8.73 | +0.02 | 8.75 |—0.23 4I 28.82 |-++0.01)| 28.83 | +005

Vv 47 8.44 +0.02 | 8.46 -|-+0.06 41-28.80 |--0.01| 28.81 |--0.07

VI | 47 8.43 | +0.02 | 8.45 | +007 4L 28.93 |+-0.01) 28.94 |—0.06

VII | 47 8.33 | +0.02| 8.35 |+0.17 41 28.85 |+0.01) 28.86 | +0.02

VIII 47 8.71 | 4-0.02 | 8.73 |—0.21 41 28.74 |+0.01| 28.75 |+0.13

IX 47 8.44| +005) 8.49 |+0.03 4I 28.86 |+0.02| 28.88 .0O

x 47 8.48 | +-0.05 —o0.O1 41 28.88 +-0.02, 28.90 |—o.02

8.53

XI | 47 8.48 | £0.05 | 8.53 |—0o.oI 4I 28.86 |-+0.02) 28.88 .0O

XIL | 47 8.36| +0.05 | 8.41 |+0.11 41 28.86 |--0.02) 28.88 .OO

XIII | 47 8.56 +0.05 8.61 —o.09 41 28.99 |+0.02) 29.01 | —0.13

XIV| 47 8.39| +0.05| 8 44 |-+0.08 AI 28.84 |+-0.02) 28.86 | +0.02

Chase 47 7-87 | +0.05 | 8.52 -00} 41 28.00 |--0.23| 28.89 |—0.01

uy 183 47 8.52 0; 25 41 28.88

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation, 1874.7

fe —0.039 ++0.0041 pl -—0.014 =-0.0022

LS ESE EE EEE EE I ES I I I II EE ES EOS

(129)

470 KRETZ.

S@ARi alee

| Right Ascension, Declination.

[Eee oe SAC NES

Plate?) At Epoch of | Corr.| Epoch} _ |At Epoch of| Corr.

Rlate. 9 ||| for a S75 ein Plate. ~~] for p7. |

fo) / Mt “/ iA Md (eo) HRC | ad

IV |183 51 50.55 |+0.02| 50:57 |-+0.02| 27 18 8.60 |—0.o1|

VI 51 50.42 +0.02} 50.44 | +0.15 18 7.69 —0o.0OI

Vil 51 50.73 |+0.02| 50.75 |—0.16 18 7.91 |—o.01

Chase | 5f 49.89 |\+0.70| 50.59 | 00 8 §.28 |—0.22

a 183 51.50.59 0, 27 18 8.06

Date of Observation, 1875.4 Date of Observation, 1875.4

" [— 6.042] wl [+0.013]

SrAar. 12%

At Epoch of | Corr.

Right Ascension. Declination,

Plate. Epoch| i At Epoch of | Corr. | Epoch|

E Plate. | for “. | 1875. | ; Plate. for pw’. | 1875: | 4

| Oman, panels i | “ fo} a “ | “ | “

TV |,183\53 2:09) | 255) 209igl x05 127 ad aelins| — | 35.44 | +-0.05

VI | 53 1.84 5h 1.84 |-+0.20 14 35.50) — | 35.50 —O.OI

ONE 53 2.19 — | 2.19) |= 0.05) 4 35-5300 2 sios DS e204

a, 183 53 2.04 db, 27 14 35.49

Date of Observation, 1875.4 | Date of Observation, 1875.4

mm ? ul ?

Right Ascension. Declination.

At Epoch of Corr. Epoch ie TAt Epoch of | Corr. | Epoch|

i pklates for #. | 1875. : Plate. | for’. | 1875. |

Plate.

IV 93 ees .93 |—0.16| 26 22 46.96| — | 46.96

W . _— --0.19 22 46.85| — | 46.85 |

VI . — | 3. --0.09 22 46.98, — |! 46.98

VIII 33 — ae 22 46.87; — | 46.87

fo}

a ‘9 , 26 2246.92

Date of Observation, ; Date of Observation, 1875.4

L : Te ?

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 471

STAR, 14.

| gine Ascension. Declination,

BENS: At Epoch of Corr. | Epoch | fe At Epoch of | Corr, _Epoch|

ee Blates Sip tongs S75 Maes Plate. for pu’. | 1875. le

I 184° B 18. 34 | 0/16 wee pee ‘05 26 B2 "23.83 +o.04| 23.87 | | 0.00

I] | 2 18.34 | —o.16 | 18.18 |--0. 05 32 23.87 |+0.04) 23.91 | —0.04

III | 3 18.36. —o.16 | 18.20 —o.07 32 23.78 |+0.04| 23.82 | +0.05

IV | 3 17.94 +0.01 | 17.95 |--0.18 32 23.80; .00| 23.80 | +0.07

We 2 18.02 | +0.01 | 18.03 |+ 0.10 32 23.88 .00| 23.88 | —0.01

VI | 3, 18.21 | +0.01 | 18.22 |—0.09 3223482 .00| 23.82 | 0.05

VII | 3 18.18 | +-0.01 | 18.19 |—o.06 32 23.90 .00} 23.90 |—0.03

WAU 3 18.00} +0.01 | 18.01 |+0.12 32 23.80} .00| 23.80 |-+0.07

IX | 3 18.16 | +0.05 | 18.21 |—o0.08 32 23.89 —0.01| 23.88 |—0.o01

xX | 3 18.06 | 0.05 | 18.11 |+ 0.02 32 23.93 |—O.01| 23.92 |—0.05

XI 2 Asy{Ole) |, 4 -OHOL, || Werte} a Koro) 2 23.90 |—0.01| 23.89 | —0.02

XII 2 18.08 | +0.05 | 1813] .0o0 32 23 88 |—0.01| 23.87 | .00

XIII) 318.16] +0.05 | 18.21 |—0.08 32 23.88 \—0.01| 23.87 .00

XIV/| 2 SOSH LOvCly |) 10 13)| (oo 32 23.97 |\—0.01 | 23.96 | —0.09

Chase | 3 17.62| --o 52 | | 18. IS |=0.05 32 24.01 |\—0.15\ 23.80 | -Ko. or

a, 1843 18.13 oF 26 32 23. 87

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation, 1874.7

be —).034 +-0.0031 we (0.009 ++0.0017

STAR les).

Right Ascension, Declination.

lates a tonsa eno sea| S Plate. for ie | 1875. | a

Ds Ot N | “ Onan 7] a)

I 184 3 34.55 6) ‘13 | | 34: ‘42 | +0. 23 | 26 31 20.38 _o'3| 20.35 | -+-0.07

II 3 34.87 | —0.13 | 34.74 |—0.09 31 20.37 |—0.03,| 20 34 | -+0.08

III 3 34.69 P20: 13 | 34.56 | -+0.09 31 20.43 |—0.03| 20.40 | +0.02

IV 3 34.68 | 0.01 | 34.69 |—0.04 31 20.52] .00] 20.52 | —0.10

Vv | 2 34.85 | +0.01 | 34.86 0.21 31 20.45} .00| 20.45 | —0.03

VI | 3 34.72 | +0.01 | 34.73 |—o. 08 31 20.43} .00] 20.43 |—0.01

VII | 3 34.54| +0.01 | 34.55 | -+0.10 31 20:34| .00] 20.34 | -+0.08

VIII 3 34.97 | --0.0I | 34.98 lane: 33 31 20.44 .CO| 20.44 | —0.02

IX 2 34.71 | +0.04 | 34.75 |—0.10 21 20.37 Freon | 20.38 | -+0.04

x 3 34.53 | +0.c4 | 34.57 | -+0.08 31 20.31 |--0.01) 20.32 | +0.10

XI 3 34.58 | +0.04 | 34.62 '+0.03 31 20.61 '|+0,01) 20.62 —o.20

XII 3 34.49 | --0.04 | 34.53 |-+0.12 31 20.47 |+-0.01| 20.48 | —0.06

XIII 3 34.61 | +0.04 | 34.65 | .00 31 20.37 |--0.01| 20.38 | +-0.04

XIV | 3 34.37 | —-0.04 | 34-41 | --0.24 31 20.43 -+0.01| 20.44 | —0.02

Chase 3 34-14\ +0.46 34-60 | 0.05 jf 0.27 |+0.12) 20. 35 \+0.07,

“

a, 184 3 34.65 oF 26 31 20.42

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation, 1874.7

be —0.028 +-0.0058 b/ —0.007 +-0.0031

nCisit))

472 KGINEAVZ,

STAR 10:

Right Ascension. Declination.

Plate. Ware)

“At Epoch of | Corr. | Epoch », {At Epoch of | Corr. | Epoch|

| Plate. for u. | 1875. : Plate. \for7.| 1875, |

i pase Sealy Wess Ed ae ago wl

VI 184 4 25.98 0.02! 26.00 |—0.10 22S 57.12 lo or | 57-13 |+0.12

VETTS 4 25-77 |+0.02| 25.79 | +0.11 18 57-35 |+0.01| 57.36 |—o.I1

Chase, _ 424.98 |+0.92| 25.90 | __.00 18 50.91 |+0.34| 57-25 .00

a 181 4 25.90 }, 27.18 57.25

Date of Observation, 1875.4 Date of Observation, 1875.4

lu [—0.056] wl [—0.020]

SPAR HZ.

Declination.

At Epoch of | Corr, | Epoch|

Plate. _| for’. |. 1875. |

Right Ascension.

Plate.

‘At Epoch of | Corr. Epoch

_ Plate. | for wu. | 1875.

IV 184 6 7.06 ese 7.06 +o.12 26 30 1.31 | — 1.31 | +0.07

IQUE es Me iepee || ea 7 BIe | ==Onnes BO 1-45 en ene AS lee O71

a 1846 7.18 dj, 26 30 1.38

Date of Observation, 1875.4 | Date of Observation, 1875.4

Lt ip pe ?

STarR 18.

Right Ascension, Declination.

TENG: At Epoch of | Corr. Epoch| yr At Epoch of | Corr. Epoch

Plate. _| for w. | 1875. eas Plate. for u’. | 1875. |.

| a a“ fe) é a“ 4“ Pall

53.28 —o.18 | 26 32 42.56 42.56 —0.02

53.31 |—0.21 32 42.59 42.59 —0.05

53.20 —O.10 32 42.48 42.48 | +0.06

53.21 _—o.1I 32 42.52 42.52 |+0.02

52.51 | +0.59 32 42.41 42.41 |+0.13

53-58 —0.48 32 42 66 42.66 —o 12

93-15 |—9.05 32 42.37 42.37 —-9.17

53-01 +0.09 32 42.61 | 42.61 —0O.07

52.78 | +0.32 32 42.68 42.68 —o.14

52.96 | +0.14 32 42.49 42.49 |+0.05

Opel ONE aiEe

: ay 184 12 53.10 OF 26 32 42.54

Date of Observation, 1875.3 Date of OSS RAL OTE 1875-3

LL be ‘

53:

52.

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 473

STAR 19.

| Right Ascension. Declination.

Plate: | At Epoch of | Corr. Epoch a dat Epoch of | Corr. | Epoch is

Uv.

Plate. for pt. | 1875. Plate. for yu’. | 1875.

A Neeereee uae atl Peas Weel ae sy ch ence ma ae Gp eae

II |184 18 12.71} — | 12.71 |—o.11 | 27 15 32.59) — _ | 32.59 /|-+0.16

Vv | 18 12.48) — 12.48 | +0.12 15 32-77| — | 32.77 |—0.02

VI 18 12.70; — _ | 12.70 |—0.10 15 32.72| — | 32.72 |+0.03

VIII | 18 12.50) — | 12.50 )-+0.10 15 32.92; — | 32.92 |—0.17

"i aaviaoa: Sele ena. Spon

a, 184 18 12.60 01 27 15 32.75

Date of Observation, 1874.1 | Date of Observation, 1874.1

? ! ?

1 5 pt I

SHUN ZO:

| Right Ascension. Declination,

late. |e ipoch of | Corr, |Epochl

At Epoch of | Corr. | Epoch|

Plate. __| for . | 1875. | ioe Plate. for pe’. | 1875. | eiteal

is O72 | Lig Oo | | |

eee ee | 2

ay 181 21 14.09 é, 27-17 43.58

Date of Observation, 1875.4 | Date of Observation, 1875.4

be ? fh ?

Awnats N, Y, Acap. Sci., May 4, 1900,—30.

, (133)

474

KRETZ.

STAR! 215

Right Ascension,

Epoch|

87o3|

"| At Epoch of

Plate.

Declination,

At Epoch of

_ Plate.

Corr.

for

Corr. | Epoch)

for p/. | scree |

I 184 “26 | Aa. 13

in| 26 44.24

26 44.15

26 44.17

26 44.03

26 43.80

26 43-77

26 43.94

26 43-77

26 43.82

26 43.90

26 43.93

26 43.80

26 43.85

26 43.09

III |

VII |

VIII

IX |

XII

XIII |

XIV |

Chase

Date of Observation,

“At Epoch of |

Plate.

|-+0.02| 44.05

|+0.02) 43.79

|-- 0.07

|-+-0.07 |

[170-0 85

Right Ascension.

“a | Vi

—0.24 | 43.89 |

—0.24) 44.00 |

—0.24 43.91 | +

+0.02) 44.19

Lo. ‘os 26% 32. 42. "6

32 42.79

32 42.81

-+0.02) 43.82

32 42.76

32 42.93

32 42.74 |

32 42.86 |

32 42.80

32 42.90

=-@:.02

++0.07 | 43.84

+0 07} 43.89 | 4

| 43-97 |

+0.07; 44.00 |

43.87

43.92

| 43-9F |

43.96

+0.07 | 32 42.75 |

32 42.74 |

32 42.87 |

32 42.85 |

32 42.77 |

0.00 le 76 [eores

00. 42.74 | 4+-0.07

.00 42.79 +0.02

00; 42.87, —0.06

.0O) 42.81 |

.00) 42. 85 |—0.04

.00 42.76 bo. 05

00 42.93 —O.12

00, ieee 74 ste 07

32 42.75 |+0.02| 42.77 | eee 04

18f 26 43.94

1874.7

—0.051 +-0.0038

STAR? 22:

Date of Observation,

26 32 42.81

1874.7

—9.001 --0.002 3

Declination.

Corr, Epoch |

OF pL. e:

1875. |

At Epoch Gal Corr.

for 4’.

| Epoch |

|-1875: | |

Plate. |

a |

V3]

Vv |

VI |

VII |

VIII |

TSH)

X |

exala|

XII |

><IUOGY)

XIV |

Chase

30 29.06

30 28.69

30 28.70

30 28.84

30 29.01

30 28.73

30 28.75

30 28.88

30 28.79

30 28.78

30 28.83

30 28.87

30 28.27

Date of Observation,

1 184" 30 ‘29. ‘08 =o) Hall

30 29.16 —0.19

|-+ 0.02 |

|-- 0.02 |

|-+0.02 |

|—-O.02

'+0.06 |

+0.06 |

'+0.06

[0.68 | 2

28. 80 | 26) ‘03 26 47, 23%

28.97 | —O.II

28.87 | —0.01

28.71 | --0. 15

28.72 | +0. 14

29. 03 | 0. 17

28.75 | +o.11

28.81 |-bo. 05

28.94 [ea0: 08

28.85 | -Lo.o1

28.84 | +0.02

28.89 0.03

28.93 | —0.07

28.89 | —0.03

0.19 |

-}0.02

+-0.06

+0.06

|—O.OI |

|—0.OI

-67 |—0.01}

47 33-56 |—0.01 |

47 33-69 |—0.01 |

47 33-67 |—0.01 |

47 33-75 |\—0.12

40.03 | 33.54 |-+0.10

{0.03 |733-63 | 4-0.01

10,03} 33.72 —0.08

.00) 33.62 -+0.02

.00 | 33.54 | 0.10

-00 33-72 |

.00) 33.78

.00| 33.61 |

33.62 |

33.61 |

33.66 |

33-55 |

33.68

33-66

33-63 |

184/30 28.86 t)

1874.7

—0.041 +0.0034 pu!

(184)

Date of Observation,

26 47 33.64

1874.7

10.007 -+-0.0026

OOF '

STARS IN COMA BERENICES. 475

SHDN 22.

| Right Ascension. Declination.

ENS | At Epoch of | Corr, | Epoch} . {At Epoch of| Corr. | Epoch] Re

lates tie On ALS 7 5au aia late tore 1875-0 \h we

Fea | (0) “i Cae in {i i \ “ Oman ds, “ | a

I |184 32 38.57 |—0.23) 38.34 |--0.11 | 26 16 36.20 |-++0.01 | 36.21 -++0.07

II 32 38.55 |—0.23| 38.32 | +0.13 16 36.20 |-0.0T | 36.21 | + 0.07

Tay 32 38.63 |\—0.23| 38.40 |-+0.05 16 36. 14 |+-9.01| 36.15 | 0.13

IV 32 38.53 |-+0.02) 38.55 |—0.10 16 36.33 .00) 36.33 —0.05

VI 32 38.38 |+0.02| 38.40 | +0.05 16 36.28| .00| 36.28 .0O

VII 32 38.31 |-+0.02| 38.33 |- 0.12 16 36.16 .00| 36.16 |-0.12

VIII 22 38.55 |-0.02| 38.57 |—0.i2

IX 32 38.33 |-- 0.07] 38.40 |-++0.05

xX | 32 38.39 |+0.07| 38 46 |—0.01

XI | 32 38.35 |+0.07| 38.42 |-+0.03

XII 32 38.49 |+-0.07| 38.56 |—0o.11

XIII | 32 38.31 0.07 | 38.38 | +0.07

XIV 32 38.46 |+0.07| 38.53 |—0.08

Chase | 32 31-51 |0- 80! 38.37 | +0.08

16 36.29| .00| 36.29 |—0.01

16 36.32| .00] 36.32 |—o.04

16 36.36 .00| 36.36 |—0.08

16 36.32 .00| 36.32 |—0.04

16 36.35 -00) 36.35 | —0.07

16 36. 24 .00| 36.24 |-+0.04

16 36.24| .00| 36.24 |-Lo.04

16 30.21 |—0.03| | 36.18 |-+-0.10

a 18432 38.45

7 OF 26 16 36.28

Date of Observation, 1874.7

—0.048 -Eo. 0040 11 +0002 +-0,0030

V | 32 38.65 |+0.02) 38.67 |—0.22 16 36. Hell .00) 36.40 |—0.12

SiARe 228

Right Ascension, Declination.

"| At Epoch of | Corr. | Epoch)

At Epoch of | Corr, | ol

Plate. _| for w. | 1875.

Plate. _| for u’..| 1875. |

“ (eo) / “ | a“

I 184. 4I ‘35. 82 | —0.35) 35-47 |--0.06 | 26 15 18.80 +0.08 | 18. ‘bs =o: 04

1D | 4I 35.90 —0.35| 35.55 | —0.02 15 18.73 |+0.08] 18.81 | lo. 03

III AI 35.87 |—0.35| 35-52 | 0.01 15 18.75 |+o. 08 | 18.83, | |-Lo. oI

IV | AI 35.74 |-0.03| 35.77 |—0.24 15 18.72 \—o. or, 18.71 (+0.13

V 4I 35.68 |+0.03) 35.71 |—o.18 15 18.87 |—0.01| 18.86 |—0.02

VI 4I 35.60 |+0.03| 35.63 | —0.10 15 18.72 |—o.0r | 18.71 | +0.13

VII 4I 35.35 |-+0.03| 35.38 | 0.15 15 18.89 —o.o1 18.88 |—o0.04

Vill AI 35-49 |-+0.03| 35.52 | 0.01 15, 19.00 —0.01 18.99 |—o. 15

IDSC) AI 35.16 |+0.10| 35.26 |+0.27 15 18.90 |—0.03| 18.87 |—0.03

X | AI 35.45 |+0.10| 35.55 |—0.02 15 18.87 —0.03| 18.84 .00

XI | AI 35 41 |+ 0.10] 35.51 |+0.02 15 18.86 |—0.03| 18.83 |-++0.01

XII | 4I 35.41 |-+0.10] 35.51 | +-0.02 15 18.91 |—0.03, 18.88 | —o0.04

SI AI 35-39 |--0.10| 35.49 | 0.04 15 18.78 —0.03| 18.75 | -+0.09

XIV 41 35.42 |-+0.10] 35.52 |-+0.01 15 18.90 \—0.03 18.87 |—0.03

a, 184 41 35.53 d, 26 15 18.84

Date of Observation, 1874.7 Date of Observation, 1874.7

i —0.075 +-0.0099 ul +-0.018 +-0.0059

(135)

476 KRETZ.

Catalogue of Results.—In the ‘‘ CaTaLoGUE oF STARS”’ on

p. 477 are collected the final positions and proper motions de-

duced by me from the Rutherfurd Plates. The right ascensions

and declinations are obtained from the a, and 0, given on the

preceding pages by means of the formule

a=a,+ Lice. 6=0,+ iS:

Z,,and 7; being the transformation corrections. The columns

are as follows:

gives my Number of the star ;

2 gives Chase’s Number ;

3 gives the B. D. Number, and 4 the Magnitude of the

star in that catalogue ;

5 gives the Right Ascension for 1875 in degrees, minutes,

and seconds of arc, reduced to the mean epoch using the

value of the proper motion given in column 6.

7 and 8 give the corresponding quantities for the Declina-

tions ;

9 gives the Mean Date of Observation ; and

10 gives the Number of Plates on which the position de-

pends.

It may be well to repeat here that the probable error of a sin-

gle observation is

—

y == -+0/7.0939, 78= + 0/7.0595,

and of a position depending on fourteen plates

Ya = + 0//.025, 76—= +0//.016.,

(186)

477

STARS IN COMA BERENICES.

:*posn

“yearasqO jo : acy ut

‘yo; sodorg

‘bz ‘d ‘og ‘ou ‘x ‘JOA ‘suoryeor[qug

LpLsy

LPLst

UPLst

LPLst

PELs

VPLst

OUST

PELs

PoLst

YPLSh

MpLst

VELsy

PSLST

Poysy

LPLst

UPLst

LPLsy

LPLst

OFLST

LPLst

LvLst

PeELst

VoLsT

VLSI

so}elq Joon | 09Uq Uvo

*orexsT Woody

[ozo‘o— ]

£o0°0—

600°0-++-

[¢10°0+ ]

v1o‘o—

Cero

0z0'0O—

voo'o—

foo'o-+-

960°0—

gto'o+-

[1z0'0+- |

300°0-+-

¢Lo'0 +

wore

6L°ST GT 9G

GEESE OT 9G

SOTS LF 9G

68"OF GE 96

OBE LT LG

IS*1E ST LG

GGG GE 9G

CET OF 96

LO°LE ST 16

GP'0G IE 96

18°ES GE 9G

69'9T GG 96

66°TS TE 16

SL St LG

G'S Ih GG

COPL SP GG

SG°ES TG 9G

O9' FT LE 96

66°9E 16 96

IGG GT LG

18°C HF 9G

OGLE Sh

SS'OL GF 9G

GB'SE BE 9G

“-o'SLgr

WIped

[9So-0—]

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[1100+ ]

6£0'0—

olo:0—

yy u

“yoy, todorg

C266 VW

6E'TE GS

SVGE OF

66°ST 96

EGG 16

TG'ST ST

SEES GL

oy 9

16°96

COTE

SESE S PST

Orb oe Sst

9G°8E 6G

1O°9F Tg

POST LP

L's

1O°St WW

SO°GS SE

09° LE 9S

66°LE OF

G6'9T OF

98°OT FT

6O°9S OF

EGCP EST

BO RO HHHDHKRNRHDHD ANHNAHH ANNO

MO MMODOAIANO DOO wD HOM DOM

Coyle a4} JO “90g “HSV UT [YOM JO

‘aiqeimea oq Avy 1

Lyce'gz

Cree gz

prez gz

Evez'gz

1z17'L~

oc1z'Lz

obtz'9z

6£¢z gz

Qliz'Lz

gtlz'gz

Lele-9gz

g¢ttz-9z

Lr11z-Lz

gi1z‘Lz

S6vz Sz

cob Sz

7llZ-9z

1€lz"gz

OLz ‘gz

biiz ‘Lz

620792

Leave Sz

gztz'9z

betz'ge

TS ONS HISD SOD SG

o'SLgt

"UIOSV ISIY

“ONT

casey)

‘ON ‘a “a :

O°EXST JO xouINDY uvoyy

"SODIUIALOG VULOD UL LOJSN[D OY} JO SALI FZ JO onsoprzry

(137)

478 KRETZ.

On the foregoing pages have been recorded the measures and

methods of reduction leading to the ‘“‘ CATALOGUE OF STARS,” p.

477. In general it will be better to measure a large number of

plates with less elaboration than has been done in the present case.

But owing to the very small number of existing photographs of

so early a date it was necessary, in order to get the best re-

sults, to employ all possible precaution to guard against errors.

The excellent agreement between Chase’s determinations and

the photographic positions speaks well for the accuracy of both

researches. The proper motions cannot, of course, be verified

until a later date, but it seems safe to assume that all of those de-

pending on fourteen plates and on Chase’s observations are very

nearly correct. It is to be regretted that their number is not

larger. The group is not well adapted to photographic work,

however. The range of magnitudes is large and the stars are

very scattered. In fact, it may be doubted whether the term

Group may properly be applied to these stars. The proper

motions certainly do not indicate any physical connection.

This matter, however, is of ulterior interest.

In conclusion, I wish again to thank Messrs. Schlesinger and

Hays for aiding me in measuring the plates; Dr. Davis for in-

valuable assistance in the catalogue work, and for freely placing

at my disposal his experience in all matters connected there-

with ; Professor Jacoby for his ever-ready counsel on all diffi-

cult points, and Professor Rees, Director of the Observatory, for

the interest he has shown in the work, and for securing its pub-

lication. It may also be mentioned that free use has been made

of the Observatory Contributions, especially of Dr. Davis’

“ Fifty-Six Stars”? and of Dr. Schlesinger’s ‘‘ Prasepe.”’

(188 )

[ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sci., Vol. XII, No.. 11, pp. 479 to 519, May 4, 1900. ]

NEW YORK

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

SEVEN ANNUAL seer MONE

Fpl 25 and 26, 1900.

CL OCUE

OF EXHIBITS.

NEW YORK

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

1900

Seventh Annual Reception

and Exhibit of

Recent miOttess i) =elence

at the

American Museum of Natural History.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 25:

RECEPTION TO MEMBERS OF ACADEMY AND INVITED GUESTS,

SO) Is Mle

THURSDAY, APRIL 26:

AFTERNOON EXHIBIT, 3-5 P. M.

EVENING RECEPTION, TO MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC ALLIANCE,

8-10 P. M.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 483

NEW YORK

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

HOUND E DING lSik7.

ORGANIZATION.

The New York Academy of Sciences is fourth in age among

American scientific societies, having been organized in 1817 as

the Lyceum of Natural History. It embraces all branches of

science and its scope is the same as that of the older European

societies. Its publications are of world-wide reputation and

contain the first announcement of many discoveries, which have

proved to be of great importance in their practical and theoret-

ical relations.

The former Presidents have been: Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell,

1817-1823. Professor John Torrey, 1824-1826; 1836. Major

Joseph Delafield, 1827-1837; 1839-1865. Professor Charles

A. Joy, 1866-1867. Professor John S. Newberry, 1868-1892.

Professor O. P. Hubbard, 1892-1893. Dr. H. Carrington Bol-

ton, 1893-1894. Professor John K. Rees, 1894-1896. Pro-

fessor J. J. Stevenson, 1896-1898. Professor H. F. Osborn,

1898-1900.

MEMBERSHIP.

Honorary members are limited to fifty in number, and are

elected from the representative scientific men of the world.

Corresponding members are also chosen from distinguished

men in different parts of the world engaged in the prosecution

of various branches of research, the results of which they are

expected to communicate to the Academy from time to time.

This list now includes over 250 names.

Fellows are limited to 100 and are chosen from among the

Resident Members in recognition of scientific attainments or

484 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

services ; they form the Council and the main working body,

and conduct the business of the Academy.

Resident Membership is not restricted to specialists, but is

open to those who take a general interest in science and desire

to promote the work of the academy by their subscriptions.

The initiation fee is $5, and the annual dues are $10. Pay-

ment of these confers upon Members full privileges and the right

to all publications. By payment of $100 a Member may be-

come a Life Member, commuting his annual dues. Donors of

$1,000 become Patrons, and have all the privileges of Life or

Resident Members.

Members are elected as follows: The candidates are proposed

publicly, in writing, at any meeting, by a Fellow or Member ; and

the nominations, together with the name of the person making

them, are referred to the Council ; if approved, the candidates

may be elected by ballot at any succeeding business meeting.

PUBLICATIONS.

The publications of the Academy at present consist of two

series—The Annals (octavo) and The Memoirs (quarto). All

are distributed to Members and Fellows, and are circulated in

exchange for the publications of nearly all the foreign and

American Academies and learned Societies. The Annals, which

opened in 1824, contain the longer contributions and reports of

researches, together with the reports of meetings. The Zrans-

actions, in which the shorter papers and business reports have

hitherto appeared, are now abolished and the matter appears in

the Annals. The complete volumes of Annals now coincide

with the calender year, and appear with a new typography and

arrangement of pages.

The present edition of the Annals is 1,250. The Memoirs,

issued in quarto form, are adapted to papers requiring large

plates or tabulations. But one number has thus far been issued.

LIBRARY.

The Library numbers over 18,000 titles, and is especially

rich in sets of the publications of American and Foreign Societies.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 485

In this respect it is one of the most complete in this country. It

is now shelved in room 507 Schermerhorn Hall at Columbia

University, and is accessible to Members from 8 A.M. to 5 P.M.

MEETINGS.

The Academy at present meets at 12 West 31st St. Meetings

are held every Monday at 8 p.M., from October to May, inclusive.

The Academy meets in sections on successive Mondays in the

following order: Astronomy and Physics: Biology (Zoology,

Physiology, Botany); Geology and Mineralogy ; Anthropology

and Psychology. Other sections may be formed by a vote of

the Council. Each of the sectional evenings is devoted mainly

to scientific papers and discussions. All the meetings are open

to the public and are announced, with the subjects of the papers

to be read, in the bulletins of the Scientific Alliance of New York.

The Academy also gives four Public Lectures each year, de-

voted to a popular discussion of recent advances in science.

SCOPE OF WORK.

Owing to the increased scientific activity in this city, expan-

sion of the Academy’s work is called for along two lines, pub-

lications, and grants for research. The Academy is endeavoring

to increase its efficiency in the near future by securing a larger

publication fund so that it will no longer be necessary to decline

important scientific papers offered for publication, especially

when accompanied by illustrations. A certain sum of money

should also be available annually for lecture courses—such as

the well-known lectures of the Royal Institution in London ;

and for grants for original research. Our scientific men give

their results freely to the world with no thought of financial re-

turn in most cases, and should be aided in their work by Scien-

tific Academies.

Persons desiring to join the Academy or to support its scientific

work by subscription in either of the lines suggested above

should address

THE SECRETARY,

New York Academy of Sciences,

TEACHERS COLLEGE, NEw York Ciry.

486 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY, 1900-1.

President,

ROBERT S. WOODWARD.

fist Vice-President, Second Vice-President,

FRANZ BOAS. CHAS... A. DOREMUS.

Corresponding Secretary, WILLIAM STRATFORD.

Recording Secretary, RICHARD E, DODGE.

Treasurer, CHARLES F. COX.

Librarian, LIVINGSTON FARRAND.

Editor, GILBERT VAN INGEN.

COUNCILLORS.

DANIEL W.. HERING, ONL PUPIN:

HAROLD JACOBY, EDW. L. THORNDIKE,

FRED. 6. LEE. L. M. UNDERWOOD.

CURATORS.

HARRISON G. DYAR, GEORGE F._KUNZ,

ALEXIS A. JULIEN, LOUIS H. LAUDY,

5: (Gx ALON,

FINANCE COMMITTEE.

HENRY DUDLEY, JOHN H. HINTON,

CORNELIUS VAN BRUNT.

OFFICERS OF THE SECTIONS.

Section of Astronomy and Physics.

WM. HALLOCK, Chairman. W.. Ss DAW) Szereiaaye

Section of Biology.

F. S. LEE, Chairman. F.E. LLOY De Secreramy:

Section of Geology and Mineralogy.

A. A, JULIEN, Chairman. THEO. G. WHITE; Secretary:

Section of Anthropology and Psychology.

F. BOAS, Chairman, Gy) El UIDD eSeerelany.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. A487

COMMITTEES.

Honorary Committee of Members.

EDWARD D. ADAMS, MORRIS K. JESUP,

Hon. ADDISON BROWN, Rev. H. M. MacCRACKEN, D.D.,

JOHN H. CASWELL, EMERSON McMILLAN,

JAMES DOUGLAS, CHAS HALOS:

Reception and Exhibition Committee.

HENRY F. OSBORN, CHARLES F. COX,

CHAS. A. DOREMUS, J. J. STEVENSON,

JF: KEMP, Chawrman.

General Committee.

PAGE.

A.—Anthropology: FRANZ BOAS _. : : ; : 401

B.—Astronomy: J. K. REES . : ; : 4 : . 491

C.—Botany;: D.T. MACDOUGAL .. : : : : AZ

D.— Chemistry : CHAS. E. PELLEW : : : ; . 494

E.—E£lectricity - GEO. F. SEVER : 3 : F : 5) AY

IF.—Geology and Geography: R. E. DODGE . ; : . 498

G.—Metallurgy: HENRY M. HOWE i ‘ ; 5 . 502

H.—WMineralogy : L. Mcl. LUQUER . ; ‘ : ; . 506

: —Faleontology : GILBERT VAN INGEN j : a B33

K.—Physics and Photography : WILLIAM HALLOCK 5 sy GIA!

L.—Psychology: EDW. L. THORNDIKE . : : : | Bie

M.—Zodlogy : CHARLES L. BRISTOL : : F : Sli

488 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

INDEX OF EXHIBITORS.

Name. ‘PAGE. Name. PAGE.

Anders on, i wlex ian. iye, en. 493 | Department of Vertebrate

Anthropology ie. s 4. ees. 491| Paleontology, Am. Mus.

NSpinwally ty @ ean Bod, | PNats Elisteycseae: ema 513

INStrONOMN, |. tec eae eres 4g! @itmnars) Ro tes, eee 518

Dixon; ‘Roland Be. (247 -4ow

ibeebe; (Ga Wisk ee ee 518 Dodge, Renew 498, 500, 501

Boas, Franz,............ AOS Doolittle 2c n ho seas 492

Bodgett, F. H.,......-.. OS) Douclass eAs loan nee 492

Botany,...+---+..+...-. 49? Dudley, (Pantene qs ares 514

Brace, D. B.,........... 5'5|/Dunn, Miss Louise B.,.. .493

bristol Charleswin eee 517]

Britton, Mrs. E. G.,..493, 494] Edmondson, ‘T. W.,...... sats

| Eimer & Amend, ...496, 497

Calkins G. No au Egleston Mineralogical Mu-

Gall Re Ellsworth, yee ee 518 Selma ee SII, $12

Cattell, J. McK.,........ DiL7 electricity ce meee eee eee 497

Ghremistivweries as enpers 494) English & Co.,....-.+.+- 509

Chester VAllbert dak: sai 509 |

Chubb, S. H., ........-. 57 | Flower Astronomical Ob-

Columbia University Li- Senvatory, associa AQ2

brary ee eee AO?) Foley. A I.g5 ee eee 516

Columbia University Obser- pEoote eViinerall@ omer ete 507

vatory, .---+-+--+ eee A492 NOx, james, Wescrecr eae 502

Comer, George, ......... Rope iereralenmy WveSer ol. 6 5 ast 515

Curtiss, C.C., .......... AOA ries etarold) iy aeeeees 495

Be nitzsche wbrOthenrsrermmise 495

Davis; bergen, «04> eee 515 |

Dean; Bashford). 517405 15, 5u1@)| Ganomeag Went free ere 493

Department of Chemistry, (Generali Plectrei Comer: 498

Columbia University... 406)Geoctrapliyasasee ee 498

Department of Geography, Geolosy, cern aeitee i eitke 498

Teachers College,.500, 501 | Gidley. qe Wier 514

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION.

NaME. PAGE.

Gratacaprsles Pays 5 nee 500

Gritithse Davids; oye cn: oc 493

GLrOUm ANG Cena rene sone. 493

Palle tte): eisai wri etter. 502

Hallock, William, .. 516

alstead: Byron! 62a 493

Relea pem nai w teem cet sass: 493

Hewins, Miss Nellie,..... 493

lop ping wNOyars 64 ane 509

lornadaysz Wey dle ae Fay,

Hovey, Edmund Otis,....501

lalone, drleravaie Wh Gare silo 502 |

Rb Ko alo Cree ta Ei Saran acces aaa 516

Kempe Jeary cia s « 502, 503 |

irkwood ii ety ne. 494

Knight, Charles,

Kinottee i lesécn Conn

irocbeta aired seers 491

Kuttroff, Pickhardt & Co.,.495

autem berthioldie es 4e 491

Ree. \Waldemanee ne 496

Wevisons Wie Gate cee nee. 514

Wie Observatonnr. ae 491

loydy hance amo 494

Kockyerr sit Neier 492

Koneden) acs Cree 516)

Lowell Observatory, ..... 491

iuguen ea Micie as 506 |

MacDougall Ds de aan 494.

Maryland Geological Sur-

500°

489

NAME. PaGE.

Maryland State Weather

Senvice ss ean ans ui 500

MiatEhe waa NN) ieemr is ar 514

Wile Chur. (Cs Ves Wor on oe 517

WieGrecor) = blag seer 518

Mermitty bratty ce. 515, 516

elite Gall uecseypiay eye ese neee ere 502

Mineralocyeine nr e sae 506

Nash Geo e rae tycn 494

New Jersey Geol. Survey, . 500

New York Botanical Gar-

ole namie Ia leeeen ieee enone te 492

Nichols xen eects 515

OSbO rile a meee as 500

Raleontolocyasea sere 513

BellewaCharlesse ene. ne 494

Photocrapliyacris 1 we 514

play SICSH ey) aeeriang onracaimee 514

IEC NONORAY. o Abis dpe we a 516

Jejorne WHE Vio came 8 497, 498

Omeen CaiComn eect 498

NGOS fn Lalas ae else 491

[Jeites, Jelohaveveliicc 556 5 6 501, 502

FRCUS Dy prc ice 494

hey diberon ie Me AOa ey mre. 494

Sehietielims Wear sens 496

Schupphaus, Robert C.,...496

Sevier: Gaba argue eril a 497

Smithy eel ane ane ie 491

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., May 3, r900.—31.

490 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

Name. PaGE NAME. Pace

Smal ins. ASV aces Aa Nierrilly sAe eyecare eerie 517

SENG ANU aera 515) Wallace, W.S.j)..:....:. 518

Sion, Geo. E.,.......... 4 Wiashinetonesal tower. 502

aihorindil<e yeas wenden. ae is 6y/ Watterson, Miss /Ada,....494

Torrey Botanical Club... .493) Westinghouse E. Mig. Co.,498

Mownsend, Bhs e.c. sarc anate 498 | Williams, R. S.,.....---- Oe

EWilS@ mpi Teas eucmen: monn 518

U.S. Geol Survey, = 1498, 499|Wood, RoW... BG eo

Van Harlingen, E: W., Boi 18 Woodworth, R. Shp ao ob oo 516

van ingen! Gael;ecern i = aria) FA OOlOR ys nia artices ena Ohler 57,

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 491

ANTHROPOLOGY.

In CHARGE OF FRANZ BOAS.

1. Symbolism of the Arapaho Indians. From the collections

of the Jesup Expedition, American Museum of Natural

History. Exhibited by ALFRED L. KRoEBER.

2. Basketry Designs of California Indians. From the col-

lections of the C. P. Huntington Expedition, American

Museum of Natural History. Exhibited by RoLanp B.

Dixon.

3. Designs of the Golds of the Amoor River. From the col-

lections of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, American

Museum of Natural History. Exhibited by BERTHOLD

LAUFER. 5

4. Archeology of the Coast of Southern British Columbia.

From the collections of the Jesup North Pacific Expedi-

tion, American Museum of Natural History. Exhibited

by Hartan I. Smiru.

5. Implements of the Eskimo of Southampton Island. From

the collections of the American Museum of Natural His-

tory. Exhibited by GEoRGE CoMER.

ASTRONOMY.

In CHARGE OF J. K, REEs.

1. Photographs of Nebula made with the Crossley Reflector

Exhibited by the Lick OxpservatTory, J. E. Keeler, Di-

rector ; Mount Hamilton, California.

2. Illustrations of Recent Investigations on Planets and Sat-

ellites. Made at the Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff,

2 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

Arizona. Exhibited by A. E. Douctass, for Percival

Lowell, Director.

. Results of Observations with the Zenith Telescope of the

Flower Astronomical Observatory of the University of

Pennsylvania. Exhibited by C. L. Dooxirrte, Director.

. a. Photographs of Stars, Star-clusters, and Nebule by

Isaac Roberts.

6. Atlas Stellarum Variabilum, Series II, by J. G.

Hagen, S. J.

c. Other Recent Important Publications. Exhibited by

the CoLuMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

5. a. Graphical Representation of the Variation of Latitude

at New York City during the past seven years.

6. Atlas Photographique dela Lune, publié par 1’Observa-

toire de Paris ; planches du quatrieme fascicule, 1899.

c. Carte Photographique du Ciel, Observatoire de Paris.

d. Recent publications by members of the Department

of Astronomy. Exhibited by the Cotumpia UNIVERSITY

OssERVATORY, J. K. REEs, Director ; New York City.

. Enlargement of the spectrum of « Cygni showing ‘‘ en-

chanced lines.’’ Exhibited by Str NorMAn LockYER,

Director Solar Physics Observatory, London.

BOTANY.

In CuHarce oF D. T. MacDouGAt.

1. Museum Methods Employed at the New York Botanical

Garden.

. Tube specimens.

. Exhibition microscopes.

. Photographs:

. Publications.

Qa & Rg

10.

vite

12.

ite,

14.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 493

e. System of labels.

f. Book plate.

. Torrey Botanical Club Publications.

a. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club.

6, Memoirs.

. Recent Publications in Botany.

a. Books.

b. Periodicals.

. Estimation of Growth by an Automatic Balance ; photo-

graphs. Exhibited by Professor ALEx. P. ANDERSON.

. a. Morphology of Darluca filum.

6, Life-history of Erythronium Americanum. Exhibited

by Mr. EF). Bropcert.

. New and Interesting Mosses. Exhibited by Mrs. E. G.

BRITTON.

a. Development of Embryo-sac of Delphinium exaltatum. ~

6. Spore Formation of Lachnea scutellata. Exhibited by

Miss Louise B. Dunn.

a. Soil and plant formations at the head of the Bay of

Fundy.

6. Demonstrations of Ecological Groups. Exhibited by

Professor W. F. GANONG.

a. Mosses with a Hand Lens.

b. Set of Pleurocarpous Mosses. Exhibited by Dr. A. J.

GROUT.

Plates and demonstrations of Sporormia herculea E. & E.

Exhibited by Davip GRIFFITHS.

New Species of Scirpus from Georgia. Exhibited by Mr.

R. M. Harper.

Photomicrographs. Exhibited by Professor Byron D.

HALSTED.

Embryology of Viburnum. Exhibited by Miss NELLIE

HEwIns.

a. Germination of the Cocoanut.

494

05,

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

De)

24.

CATALOGUE -OF EXHIBITS.

6. Substances Extracted from the Cocoanut.

c. Embryology of Micrampelis echinata.

Exhibited by Mr. J. E. Kirkwoop.

a. Lycopodiums, 4. Roots of Monotropa, and c. Demon-

strations. Exhibited by Professor F. E. Lioyp.

a. Mycorhizas, and Jd. Etiolations. Exhibited by Dr. D.

T. MacDoucat. !

New Species of Grasses from the Southern United States.

Exhibited by Mr. Gro. V. Nasu.

New Genera of Plants from Bolivia. Exhibited by Pro-

fessor H. H. Russy.

New Species of Senecios from the Rocky Mountains.

Exhibited by Dr. P. A. RYDBERG.

Rare and Interesting Mosses. Exhibited by Mrs. A. M.

SMITH.

Apparatus used in Study of Plant Physiology.

a. Dynamometers for measuring the force of growth and

curvatures. 7

6. Clinostat.

c. Influence of electricity upon plants.

d, Germinations.

e. Demonstrations. :

Exhibited by Professor Gro. E. STONE.

Influence of Cold upon the Growth of Sterigmatocystis.

Exhibited by Miss Apa WATTERSON.

Mosses from the Klondike. Exhibited’ by Mrs. E. G.

Britton and Mr. R. S. WILLIAMS.

Method of Determining Amount of Water Conduction in

Plants. Exhibited by Dr. C. C. Curtis.

CHEMISTRY.

In CHARGE OF CHARLES E. PELLEw.

. Specimens of Smokeless Powder. Exhibited by Capt. H.

C. ASPINWALL.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 495

2. Artificial Indigo (German). Exhibited by Kurrxorr,

PICKHARDT & Co.

a. Specimen of Indigo J extra, made by the Badische Ani-

lin and Soda Fabrik.

6. Woolen cloth dyed with Indigo J extra.

3. Artificial Indigo (French). Exhibited by Dr. Haroip

FRIES. |

a. Specimen of artificial Indigo, made by the Societé. Chi-

mique des Usines du Rhone. Process of M.' Monnet.

6. Samples dyed by artificial Indigo.

For comparison, Samples of Natural Indigo. Exhibited

by the CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT of Columbia University.

4. Collection of recent Synthetic Perfumes of some Valua-

ble Raw Materials for Perfumery. Exhibited by

Messrs. FRitzscHE Bros. (Branch of Schimmel & Co.).

a. Synthetic Oil of Cassia, ‘Schimmel & Co.” (Cinnamic

Aldehyde). For comparison: Oil of Cassia, natural,

and Oil of Cinnamon, Ceylon, natural.

oO synthetic: Oil of byacmth, <7 Schimmel ca nGol x=

tract according to old formulas before this new syn-

thetic was discovered. Extract in which this new

synthetic is used.

G. Synthetic ‘@il-of Jasmine, “Schimmel & Co.) Extract

according to old formulas. Extract in which new

synthetic is used. |

ad. Synthetic Oil of Neroli, “ Schimmel & Co.”’ For com-

parison: Oil Neroli, Petale, natural, from Orange

Flowers. Cologne made with natural oil. Cologne

made with artificial oil.

e. Synthetic Oil of Ylang Ylang, “Schimmel & Co.” Oil

of Ylang Ylang, natural (Orchid -Flowers) from

Manila. Extract from natural oil. Extract with

artificial oil.

yo. Cumaninys

Om ACOMpPAnISOmye eats er <1). ec eee Tonea beans.

496

Io.

CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

. Ionone: (The artificial perfume of Fresh Violets).

Violet Extract, old formula.

Violet Extract with new synthetic oil ‘eniie

fh. Vanillin :

For comparison. teas. a tae tela ta rereaers Vanilla beans.

z. Synthetic Oil of Lily of the Valley, ‘Schimmel & Co.”

7. Synthetic Oil of Tuberose, “Schimmel & Co.”

k. Samples: Musk, natural and artificial.

Pure Attar of Roses, Turkish and German.

Oil of Sandalwood, East Indian, Santalol being the

chief constituent.

Musk caddies.

Musk wrappers.

. New Photographic Printing Process, using Phosphate of

Silver Emulsion. Invented by Johannes Meyer, M.D.

Phosphate of silver prints on paper, linen and silk. Ex-

hibited by Dr. RoBerT C. ScHUPPHAUS.

. California Lepidolite and Lithium Carbonate manufac-

tured from it. Exhibited by Dr. Wm. Jay ScHIEFFELIN.

. Pantasote, a Rubber Substitute. Exhibited by Dr, WaL-

DEMAR LEE.

Specimens illustrating its manufacture and use.

. Specimens of new Radio-active Elementary Substances

from Pitch blende. Exhibited by the CuHEmicaL DE-

PARTMENT OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY and by Messrs.

EIMER AND AMEND.

a. Radio-active Substance A.

6. Radio-active Substance B.

. Collection of New and Rare Alloys. Ferro-silicium, Ferro-

Titanium, Ferro-Chromium, etc., made in the electric

furnace. Exhibited by Messrs. EIMER AND AMEND.

Selected set of Strictly Chemically Pure Reagents, as

manufactured for and exhibited by Messrs. EIMER AND

AMEND by Dr. C. A. F. Kahlbaum, Berlin. These

reagents can be furnished with certain certificates of the

if.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 497

German Reichsanstalt proving purity for special chem-

ical and physical work.

New Chemical Charts. Exhibited by Messrs. EIMER AND

AMEND.

a. Official table of American Chemical Society, the ele-

ments with their atomic weights.

6. Chart of the periodic arrangement of the elements ac-

cording to Professor Mendeljeff, corrected up to date,

by’ Professor F. W. Clark.

12. Collection of New Chemical Apparatus. Exhibited by

Messrs. EIMER AND AMEND.

a. Agate mill designed by Professor Maerker, especially

constructed for Laboratories of Agriculture Stations ;

of use in reducing coarsely powdered fodder to fine

state, and also useful for general laboratory work.

6. Gas pressure regulator, according to Professor Murrill ;

very convenient and simple form of laboratory pres-

sure regulator, connected with a thermostat ; temper-

ature may be held constant. within 0.1° C.

c. Analytical balance. New construction, with circular

beam, reducing vibrations and increasing stability and

rapidity of action.

d. New automatic cupel machine making 600 perfect

cupels an hour.

e. Zeiss binocular microscope according to Greenough,

made by Carl Zeiss (Eimer and Amend, Agents) for

examining crystalline chemicals, minerals, etc.

ELECTRICITY.

In CHARGE OF GEO. F. SEVER.

1. Reactance Conductor for investigating Cable Telephony.

Exhibited by M. I. Pupin.

498 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

2. Farad-meter. Made by E. V. BaILrarp. Exhibited by M.

eG RUPINe

3. Electrical Apparatus. Exhibited by the GENERAL ELECTRIC

a. Horizontal Edgewise Ammeter.

6. Horizontal Edgewise Voltmeter.

-. Standard Thomson Recording Wattmeter, 10 amperes,

110 volts.

d. Lamp-testing Wattmeter—150 watts.

e. Pocket Ammeter, 25 amperes.

jf. Astatic Ammeter, 100 amperes.

4. Electrical Apparatus. Exhibited by QUEEN & Co.

a. A Complete portable cable testing outfit.

6b. The Queen-Le Chatelier pyrometer.

c. An 100,000-ohm box.

d. An Ayrton shunt box.

e. A new D’Arsonval galvanometer.

jf. A portable photometer.

5. Electrical Apparatus. Exhibited by the WeEsSTINGHOUSE

Erectric Mre. Co. |

a. Two-phase, Integrating Wattmeter.

6. Two-wire, Single-Phase, Integrating Wattmeter, with

Series Transformer.

Two-wire, Single-Phase Integrating Wattmeter.

d. Three-wire, Single-Phase Integrating Wattmeter, with

Series Transformer.

6. Apparatus for Tracing Alternating Current Curves.

hibited by F. TownsEenp. |

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY.

In CHARGE OF RICHARD E. DODGE.

1. Series of Maps Showing Progress in Topographic Work

during 1899. Exhibited by the UNITED STaTEs GEOLOG-

ICAL SuRVEY, C. D. Walcott, Director, Washington, D. C.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 499

. New York State map showing progress for 1899.

. Small printed index maps of Eastern United States.

c. Niagara, New York, on 2-mile scale and 5 maps of the

same area on the I-mile scale.

. Albany, New York, and vicinity.

Lake Ene Shore Wine:

Olean, New York, and vicinity.

Remsen and Wilmurt, New York, sheets.

Oswego, New York, and vicinity.

. Finger Lakes, New York.

. Indian Territory, sheets.

.. North Platte River, Nebraska.

. Yosemite, California.

. Pacific Coast, Oregon.

. Hypsometric Map of the United States.

2. Series of Maps and Publications Showing Progress in

the Geological Surveys. Exhibited by the UNITED

STATES GEOLOGICAL SuRVEY, C. D. Walcott, Director,

Washington, D. C.

GeoLoaic Forios: Holyoke, Massachusetts ; Big Trees

California; Absaroka. Wyoming; Standingstone,

Tennessee ; Tacoma, Washington; Telluride, Colo-

rado ; Elmoro, Colorado.

WALL Maps:

Smo Han VO S

. Tintic Mining region, Utah.

Absaroka Range, Wyoming.

. Telluride Mining District, Colorado.

. Mother Lode Mining District, California.

. Tenmile Mining District, Colorado.

. Trinidad Coal Field, Elmoro Folio, Colorado.

. Estillville and Bristol Folios, Tennessee.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS :

Igth annual report of the Director of the Geological

Survey.

Topographic Folio, showing physiographic types.

500

Io.

II.

CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

k. Monograph on the Geology of Narragansett Basin.

/, Monograph on the Crystal Falls Iron District of Michigan.

m. Monograph on the Illinois Glacial Lobe.

. Charts Illustrating the Geographical regions and the Dis-

tribution of the Mammalia During the Tertiary Period.

Used to illustrate the President's address before the

Academy, February 26, 1900, entitled ‘‘ The Geological

and Faunal Relations of Europe during the Tertiary

Period, and Theory of the Successive Invasions of the

Ethiopian Fauna.”’ Exhibited by Prof. Henry F. Os-

BORN.

. Album of Recent Photographs of the Palisades of New

Jersey. J. R. Prince, photographer. Exhibited by the

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NEw JERSEY.»

. Jersey City, Newark, Paterson, and Hackensack Sheets.

A part of the new series of the topographical maps of

New Jersey. Exhibited by the GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF

NEw JERSEY.

. Annual Rainfall and Temperature Chart of Maryland.

Prepared and exhibited by the Maryranp STATE

WEATHER SERVICE.

. Series of Wall Charts Illustrating Meteorological and

Geological Progress in Maryland. Exhibited by the

MARYLAND STATE WEATHER SERVICE, and the MARYLAND

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

. Topographical and Geological Maps of Allegheny County,

Maryland. Exhibited by the MaryLanp GEOLOGICAL

SURVEY.

. Publications of the Maryland Geological Survey and

Maryland Weather Service. Annual reports and folio

of maps.

Bartholomew’s Physical Atlas, Volume III.: Meteorol-

ogy. Exhibited by the DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY,

TEACHERS COLLEGE, Columbia University.

Series of Colored Lantern Slides, Illustrating Physical

I2.

13:

14.

vist,

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 501

and Political Features of the Different Continents.

Prepared by Dickinson and Andrews, London, Eng-

land, and exhibited by the DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY,

TEACHERS COLLEGE, Columbia University.

Orographical Outline Maps of the Continents and Di-

visions Thereof. Prepared by Dickinson and Andrews,

London, England, and exhibited by the DEPARTMENT

OF GEOGRAPHY, TEACHERS COLLEGE, Columbia Univer-

sity.

Model of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Prepared by Profes-

sor V. F. Marsters, Indiana University, Bloomington,

Indiana, and exhibited by the DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRA-

PHY, TEACHERS COLLEGE, Columbia University.

Specimens Illustrating the Rocks of the Yellowstone Na-

tional Park. »* Collected and exhibited by Epmunp Oris

Hovey, American Museum of Natural History.

Monograph XXXII, Part 2, United States Geological

Survey : Geology of the United States National Park.

Exhibited by Epmunp Otis Hovey, American Museum

of Natural History.

Geological Atlas of the United States, Yellowstone Na-

tional Park Folio. Exhibited by Epmunp Oris Hovey,

American Museum of Natural History.

Copper Ore and Associated Minerals, Last Chance Mine,

Colorado Canyon, Col. Exhibited by Hernricn Riss,

Cornell University.

Suite of Clays and Shales from Michigan. Exhibited by

Hernricu Ries, Cornell University.

Series of Specimens Illustrating the Physical Properties

of Clay. Exhibited by Heinricu RIeEs, Cornell Uni-

versity.

Some New and Interesting Clays from Alabama. Ex-

hibited by HEtnricu Ries, Cornell University.

Series of Ores and Associated Rocks from the Mother Lode

502 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

in.California. Exhibited by Hernricu Ries, Cornell

University.

22. Dolomite Crystals and Pilinite, New Almaden, Cal.

Exhibited by HEinricu Ries, Cornell University.

23. Telluride Gold Ores from Colorado. Specimens from the

Cripple Creek district and from the Independence and

the Hallett and Hamburg Mines at Victor. Exhibited

by ALTE

24. Quicksilver Ore (Cinnabar) and associated rocks and min-

erals. Collected by W. P. Jenney, February, 1900, in

Brewster County, southwestern Texas. Exhibited by

jobs icemr:

25. Serpentine-Verdalite, from Easton, Penna. The speci-

mens were obtained at the recently opened quarries of the

Verdalite Company at Easton ahd were cut and pol-

ished there. The rocks were described by Professor F.

B. Peck before the Academy. January 15, 1900. Ex-

hibited by James W. Fox, Esq.

26. Nepheline-Syenites and related rocks from Magnet Cove,

Arkansas. These rocks were described by Dr. H. S.

Washington before the Academy, on February 19, 1900.

Exhibited by H. S. WASHINGTON.

METALLURGY.

In CHARGE OF PROFESSOR HENRY M. Howe.

1. Ductility of Steel.

1. One-inch square bar knotted cold.

2. Seven-inch square steel bar bent double cold.

2.1 “ Barked’? Wrought Iron.

2. Formation of Contraction Cavities in Suddenly-Cooled

Solids.

ais

iS.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 508

Paraffine Ingot cooled slowly.

Paraffine Ingot cooled quickly.

Steel Ingot cooled quickly.

5.1 Aluminum Ingot cooled quickly.

3. Evolution of Gas by Metals During Solidification.

10.

Over-poled Copper.

Spitting of Silver.

Steel Casting with Blow-holes.

Steel Ingot with Blow-holes.

Steel Ingot, Blow-holes prevented by adding aluminum.

4. Metallography of Steel.

125

14.

Tce

16.

18.

19.

ZO:

Dit

22,

24.

25.

20.

27:

28.

29.

a. Crystalline Form of the Constituents of Steel,

Crystalline form of Ferrite (pure iron).

Crystalline form of Cementite (Fe,C).

Crystalline form of Cementite.

Crystalline form of Graphite.

b. Micrographs.

Ferrite.

Pearlite (eutectic, ferrite and cementite interstratified).

Pearlite with cementite.

Martensite.

Microstructure of Steel as effected by thermal treatment.

Microscope with Section of Pearlite.

c. Influence of the mode of rupture and of thermal treat-

ment on the structure of tron and steel.

Fibrous and crystalline Fracture in the same Bar.

Coarse-and fine Fracture in the same Bar.

Series of fractures Representing different Temperatures.

Coarse and fine Fractures in the same Face.

504 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

29.1 Chilled Cast-iron.

29.2 Coarse Structure in Sheet steel.

29.3 Influence of Temperature on the Hardening Power of

tech:

5. New Special or Alloy Steels.

30. 25% Nickel Steel.

31. Manganese Steel quenched from 1050° C. in a freezing

mixture.

32. Manganese Steel quenched from 1050° C. in molten

lead.

33. Manganse Steel cooled slowly.

34. Tungsten Steel.

35. Heavy Chip cut from Steel Forging by Tungsten Steel

Tool.

36. Molybdenum Steel.

27. Chrome Steel

38. Gruson Chilled Cast Iron Armor.

39. Harvey Nickel Steel Armor.

40. Oxide Colors for tempering steel.

6. Non-Ferrous Metals.

42. Metallic Nickel from Carbonyl.

42.1 Nickel made by the Mond process.

42.2 Nickel Electro deposited.

43. Rosette Copper.

44. Hubnerite, Tungsten Ore, 68 to 72 per cent. WO,.

45. Hubnerite, Tungsten Ore concentrated first grade 76,

to 70 per cent. WO,.

46. Ferro-Tungsten, 37 per cent. W. -

47. Metallic-Tungsten, 95 to 97 per cent.

48. Ferro-Molybdenum 50 per cent. Mo.

49. Metallic Molybdenum 95 to 99 per cent.

50. Ferro-Boron, free from carbon, 25 per cent. B.

51. Metallic Manganese, free from carbon.

52. Ferro-Chromium 66 per cent.

Io.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 505

53. Metallic Chromium, free from carbon; over 99 per

qs, (Cir,

54. Ferro-Titanium, 20 per cent. Ti.

55. Ferro-Titanium, 10 per cent. free from carbon.

55.1 Metallic Tellurium.

56. Antimony from Japan.

57. Metallic Zinc and its ores.

58. Ores of Aluminum, cryolite.

59. Ores of Aluminum, Bauxite.

60. Anhydrous Alumina.

61. Ingot of Aluminum.

61.1 Aluminum foil, --1, of an inch thick.

> 75000

62. Carborundum Crystals from Electric Furnace.

. Refractory Materials.

63. Clay Brick.

64. Silica Brick for Extreme Temperatures.

65. Magnesia Brick to Resist Basic Slags.

66. Chromic Neutral Brick, Resisting both Acid and Basic

Slags.

Models of Metallurgical Apparatus.

67. Bessemer Converter.

68. Siemen’s Regenerative Gas Furnace.

69. Iron Blast Furnace.

70. Hot-blast Stove for heating blast for iron blast furnace.

Pyrometry.

71. Le Chatelier thermo-electric pyrometer.

Lecture Diagrams.

72. Triaxial diagram of the isotekes of the lime-alumina

silicates.

73. Duquesne Blast Furnaces of the Carnegie Steel Com-

amy.

74. Duquesne Blast Furnaces of the Carnegie Steel Com-

pany.

75. Flame of the Bessemer Process.

76. Flame of the Bessemer Process.

ANNALS N, Y. AcaAD. Sci., May 4, 1900.—32.

506 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

77. Flame of the Bessemer Process.

78. Flame of the Bessemer Process.

79. Flame of the Bessemer Process.

80. Flame of the Bessemer Process.

81. Wellman 50-ton tipping open-hearth furnace.

82. Herreshoff Copper Smelting Cupola Furnace.

MINERALOGY.

In CuHarGE oF L. MclI. Luguer.

1. Minerals from the Collections of the American Museum of

Natural History. Exhibited by L. P. Gratacap.

. Native Gold, in Limonite, San Juan, Colorado.

. Tellurium (group of crystals), Boulder Co., Colorado.

Coloradoite, Boulder Co., Colorado.

. Lionite, Boulder Co., Colorado.

. Nagyagite, Boulder Co., Colorado.

. Leadhillite, Cerussite, concentric upon a nucleus of

Galenite, Lehmi Co., Idaho. (The above minerals

are part of the Theodore Berdell gift to the American

Museum of Natural History.)

7. Bixbyite, near Simpson, Utah.

8. Limonite (altered Pyrite), Xaaga, near ruins of Mitla,

600 feet elevation, Oaxaca, Mexico.

g. Martite, Twin Peaks, Utah.

10. Wood Opal, Douglass Co., Washington.

11. Willemite (red), Franklin, N. J.

12. Willemite (enclosing needles of Franklinite ?), Frank-

iba INGE fe

13. Epidote, Ouray Co., Cal.

14. Melanotekite, New Mexico.

15. Calamine (yellow), Lone Elm near Joplin, Mo.

16. Spodumene, Black Hills, Wyoming.

Aw Bw Nn

Bion

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION, 507

Mixite, Utah.

Clinoclasite, Utah.

Pyromorphite, Cornwall, England.

Barite, Mowbray, Cumberland, England.

. Barite, Frizington, Cumberland, England.

. Anhydrite, Bleiberg, Carinthia.

. Celestite, Cianciana, Sicily.

Selenite (with inclusions), Cianciana, Sicily.

. Smithsonite (stalactitic), Laurium, Greece.

Parisite, Ravelli Co., Montana.

Calcite group, Bisbee, Arizona.

Calcite group, Joplin, Mo.

. Calcite, Bisbee, Arizona.

. Calcite (two groups, sand saturated), Washington,

Dakota.

. Calcite (four specimens), Wind Cave, Black Hills,

Wyoming.

. Aragonite (large group), Cianciana, Sicily.

. Linarite, Cumberland, England.

. Fluorite, Cumberland, England.

. Hematite (crystals on volcanic ash), Santa Fé, New

Mexico.

. Hardystonite (dark) with Rhodonite, Franklin, N. J.

. Calcite and Aragonite, Wind Cave, Black Hills, Wy-

oming.

Wurtzilite, Uintah Mts., Wasatch Co., Utah.

2. Minerals and Meteorites from Various Localities. Ex-

mpwWN

hibited by the Foote Mrnerat Company; Philadelphia

and Paris.

MINERALS.

Diamond crystal, 4% cts., North Carolina.

. Sulphur groups and various small crystals, Sicily.

. Molybdenites, Ontario.

. Marcasite Disks, Illinois.

. Embolite, Broken ill) N.S: W.

508 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

6. Iodyrites, crystals and massive, Broken Hill, N. S. W.

7. Pink Fluorites, cleavages, Arizona.

8. Amethysts, Virginia.

g. Opalized Wood, polished, Idaho.

10. Opals, precious, Queensland.

11. Opals, pseudo cryst., White Cliffs, N. S. W.

12. Opals, polished, White Cliffs, N. S. W.

13. Opals, in Petrified Wood, White Cliffs, N. S. W.

14. Hematites, Elba.

15. ‘‘ Papierspaths’”’ Calcite, New Mexico.

16. Cerussites, Broken Hill, N. S. W.

17. Cerussite, Tasmania.

18. Aurichalcites, New Mexico.

tg. Various Amazon stone groups, Colorado.

20. Emerald, North Carolina.

21. ‘Phacolite, Victoria.

22. Turquois, New Mexico.

23. Colemanite, California.

24. Anglesites, coating twinned Cerussite, Broken Hill,

INES Sere

25. Crocoites and various crystals, Tasmania.

26. Ambers, containing insects, Baltic.

27. Clinohedrite, Franklin.

28. Glaucochroite, Franklin.

29. Hancockite, Franklin.

30. Hardystonite crystals, Franklin.

31. Leucophcenicite, Franklin.

32. Nasonite, Franklin.

33. Roeblingite, Franklin.

METEORITES.

34. Sacramento Mts., 4650 grams.

35. Tombigbee River, showing Schreibersite, 2960 grams.

36. Joe Wright Mt., 128 grams.

37. Butler, 75.5 grams.

38. Trenton, 26 grams.

39. Hammond, 20 grams.

SEVENTH. ANNUAL RECEPTION. 509.

3. Minerals. Exhibited by Roy Hoppine.

Crocoite, from the silver-lead mines of Tasmania.

Pyrite discs, from the soft carbonaceous coal shale of

Randolph Co., Il.

3. Kidney Ore, from Cumberland, England.

Green Zoisite, from Connecticut.

. Strontianite, from Westphalia, Germany.

. Fuggerite, new species, from Tyrol, Austria.

4. Minerals. Exhibited by Gro. L. Enauisu & Co.

Oo ON AuAWDND 4H

. Fluorite, emerald green, Westmoreland, N. H.

. Fluorite, pink octahedrons, Switzerland.

Hematite, ‘Iron Rose,” Switzerland.

Brookite, extra large crystals, Switzerland.

Smoky Quartz. crystals, Switzerland.

. Twisted Quartz crystals, Switzerland.

. Rutilated Quartz crystals, Switzerland.

. Quartz Crystals enclosing Actinolite, Switzerland.

. Quartz Crystals rendered black by enclosure of needles

of Tourmaline, Montana.

. Amethyst tipping Quartz, enclosing Tourmaline, Mon-

tana.

. Amethyst crystals in parallel position, Montana.

. Crystallized Argentite, Colorado.

. Epidote crystals, Colorado.

. Carnotite, a new uranium-potassium vanadate, Colorado.

. Hardystonite, a new mineral, Franklin Furnace, N. J.

. Graftonite, a new mineral, Grafton, N. H.

. Labradorite, rare colors, Labrador.

. Lepidolite, Haddam Neck, Conn.

. Silicious Calcite crystals, ‘‘ Fontainebleau Limestone, ”’

Sy Dale

5. Tellurium Minerals from American Localities. Exhibited

by Abert H. CueEster, Rutgers College.

Native Tellurium, John Jay mine, Boulder County, Col-

orado.

510

St OLS

CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

. Native Tellurium (dendritic), John Jay mine; Boulder

County, Colorado.

Native Tellurium, Mountain Lion mine; Magnolia, Col-

orado.

Native Tellurium, Keystone mine ; Magnolia, Colorado.

Native Tellurium, Rebecca mine; Magnolia, Colorado.

Native Tellurium, Smuggler mine; Balarat, Colorado.

Native Tellurium, Cold Spring mine; Gold Hill, Colo-

rado.

. Lionite, Mountain Lion mine; Magnolia, Colorado.

. Hessite, Slide mine; Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Hessite, American mine ; Sunshine, Colorado.

. Hessite, St. Joe mine; Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Hessite and Gold, Colorado.

. Petzite, Ellen mine ; Springdale, Colorado.

. Petzite, Grand Central mine ; Springdale, Colorado.

. Petzite, American mine ; Sunshine, Colorado.

. Petzite and Gold, American mine ; Sunshine, Colorado.

. Petzite and Gold, Slide mine ; Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Petzite and Gold, Little Alice mine ; Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Petzite, Cold Spring mine ; Gold Hill, Colorado.

: Petzite, Corning Tunnel; Gold Hill, Colorado.

21.

Petzite, Red Cloud mine; Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Petzite, Bassick mine; Custer Co., Colorado.

. Altaite, John Jay mine; Boulder Co., Colorado.

. Altaite, Slide mine; Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Altaite and Sylvanite, Smuggler mine; Balarat, Colo-

rado.

. Altaite, Red Cloud mine; Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Altaite, King’s Mt., North Carolina.

. Altaite and Gold, King’s Mt., North Carolina. ~

. Coloradoite, Keystone mine ; Magnolia, Colorado.

. Coloradoite and Mercury, Keystone mine; Magnolia,

Colorado.

. Coloradoite, Smuggler mine ; Balarat, Colorado.

Bite

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 511

. Coloradoite and Tellurite, Smuggler mine’; Balarat,

Colorado.

. Coloradoite and ‘Mercury, Smuggler mine; Balarat,

Colorado.

, Sylvanite, American and Nil Desperandum mines ; Sun-

shine, Colorado.

. Sylvanite and Fluorite, Melvina mine ; Salina, Colorado.

. Sylvanite, Ingraham mine ; Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Sylvanite, Smuggler mine; Balarat, Colorado.

. Sylvanite and Fluorite, Independence mine; Cripple

Creek, Colorado.

. Calaverite, Mountain Lion mine ; Magnolia, Colorado.

. Krennerite, Independence mine; Cripple Creek, Colorado.

. Tellurite, John Jay mine; Boulder Co., Colorado.

. Tellurite, Grand View mine ; Sunshine Co., Colorado.

. Magnolite, Keystone mine ; Magnolia Co., Colorado.

. Ferrotellurite, Keystone mine ; Magnolia Co., Colorado.

. Cerargyrite and Gold, altered from Petzite, American

mine ; Sunshine, Colorado.

. Cerargyrite and Gold, altered from Petzite, Slide mine ;

Gold Hill, Colorado.

. Gold, pseud. after Sylvanite, Grand View mine ; Sun-

shine, Colorado.

. Gold, pseud. after Sylvanite, Cripple Creek, Colorado.

. Telaspyrine, American mine; Sunshine, Colorado.

. Gold, roasted Calaverite, Keystone Mine; Magnolia,

Colorado.

Gold, roasted Sylvanite, Smuggler Mine; Balarat,

Colorado.

. New Apparatus Employed in the Examination of Min-

Ihe

erals. Exhibited by the ‘‘ EGreston MINERALOGICAL

Museum,” of Columbia University.

Fuess Student Microscope, latest model.

Stober’s attachment to convert the Fuess Goniometer

into a Two-circle Goniometer.

v7. Mi

Nos.

tion.

ON OwmBW N

CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

Student Application Goniometer, made at a cost of 50 cts.

. Models made by Crystal Cutting Apparatus of Gold-

schmidt. Ze. f. Kryst, Vol. 3%, ps 223:

From “Introductory Collection to the Study of Mineral-

ogy.”

Models illustrating Symmetry.

Specimens illustrating Streak.

nerals. Exhibited by the ‘“ EcLeston MINERALOGICAL

Museum,” of Columbia University.

I to 12 are from the recently acquired Egleston collec-

Arseniosiderite, Romaneche, France.

. Vivianite in shells, Crimea.

. Titanite (Greenovite), Piedmont.

. Helvite, Schwarzenberg.

Vesuvianite, with Essonite, Ala, Piedmont. —

_ Zircom, Urals:

. Zircon, Renfrew. }

. Zoisite, with Chalcopyrite and Sphalerite, Ducktown,

Tenn.

. Petalite (Castorite), Elba.

. Cassiterite, Bohemia.

. Cassiterite, Morbihan, France.

. Chalcopyrite [(114) and (441)] with quartz, Ellen-

ville. IN. Yi,

. Leucopheenicite (new mineral), Franklin Furnace, N. J.

. Hardystonite (new mineral) with Franklinite, Franklin

Furnace, N. J.

. Nasonite (new mineral) with Axinite and Garnet, Frank-

lin Furnace“N |:

. Carnotite (new mineral), Paradox Valley, Cal.

. Graphite, near Mt. Freedom, N. J.

. Reddingite, Branchville, Conn.

. Hureaulite, Branchville, Conn.

. Boleite and Anglesite, Boleo, Lower Calif.

. Azurite (needle crystals), Zacatecas.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 513

22. Chalcopyrite (large crystals), Zacatecas.

23. Arsenopyrite (needles) on Chalcopyrite, Zacatecas.

24. Copper (leaf) on Datolite, Lake Superior.

25. Struvite (hemimorphic crystals), Hamburg.

26. Pyrite (dodecahedral) on Smoky Quartz, Thunder

Bay; U.S:

27. Gold in conglomerate in quartz vein, Dutch Flat, Calif.

28. Whitneyite (fragment of only lump found), Lake

Superior.

29. Sapphire (twinned), Cashmere.

30. Apophyllite (with flat pyramid), Iceland.

31. Anglesite, with core of Galenite, Monarch, Colo.

32. Quartz (Phantom) containing Chlorite, Chamounix.

33. Sphalerite (tetrahedral) and Chalcopyrite Ouray, Colo.,

34. Artificial minerals.

35. Alloys of gold made by R. Pearce.

5. Mohawkite, a new Arsenide of Copper and Nickel, from

the Mohawk Mine, Keweenaw Point, (CuNi),As. Ex-

hibited by J. F. Kemp.

PALEONTOLOGY.

In CHARGE OF GILBERT VAN INGEN.

I. Skeletons and Restorations of Fossil Vertebrates Chiefly

from the Tertiary Rocks of Western America. Ex-

hibited by the DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALEON-

ToLocy, of the American Museum of Natural History.

Henry F. Osborn, Curator. y

1. Mounted Skeletons of Two Primitive Carnivorous Mam-

mals (Creodonts) from the Eocene Badlands of Wyo-

ming.

a. Oxyena, from the Lower Eocene Badlands of the Big

Horn Basin.

514 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

6. Patriofelis, from the Middle Eocene Badlands of the

Bridger Basin.

2. New or Little Known Fossil Mammals from the Oligocene

and Miocene Badlands of Colorado. Collected by

American Museum Expedition of 1898, W. D. Matthew

in charge. Skeletons, parts of skeletons and skulls of

primitive ruminants, camels, horses, sabre-tooth tigers,

civet-foxes, et cetera.

3. Fossil Mammals from the Miocene and Pleistocene Bad-

lands of Texas. Collected by American Museum Ex-

pedition of 1899, J. W. Gidley in charge. |

a. Primitive Mastodon, skull and hind-limb bones. From

Upper Miocene strata.

6. Mammoth (4lephas primigenius), jaw, fore-limb bones,

vertebrz and ribs. From Pleistocene strata.

c. Fossil Horse (Equus occidentalis), complete skeleton and

four skulls. From Pleistocene strata.

4. Restorations of Fossil Vertebrates by Charles Knight.

From skeletons in American Museum of Natural

History.

No. 25. Great Marine Lizard or Mosasaur (Tylosaurus), of the

Cretaceous Period. From the complete skeleton which

is nearly thirty feet long.

No. 26. The lrish Elk (Megaceros-hibernicus) of the Pleistocene

Period.

II. Series of Photographs, 25 in Number Illustrating the

Occurrence of the Mastodon Recently Discovered at

Newburg, N. Y. Exhibited by W. G. Levison.

PHYSICS AND PHOTOGRAPHY.

In CHARGE OF WILLIAM HALLOCK.

1. Apparatus and Records for Determination of Stresses in

Railway Rails. .Exhibited by P. H. DupLeEy.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 515

1. Comparison of curves of the stresses set up in 8o0-lb.

rails, and waves in the roadbed under the wheel loads

of the Empire State Express, for December 23 and

30, 1899, speed 44 miles per hour.

2. Similar curves for the same train on 100-lb. rails, June

28 and.July 21, 1898, speed 19 miles per hour.

3, 4and 5. Tabulations of stresses from which the above

curves were obtained.

6 and 7. Photographs of locomotives passing over the

stremmatograph, showing the position of counter-

weights and volume of exhaust steam.

8 and 9g. Photographs of entire trains passing over the

stremmatograph.

10. Photograph of stremmatograph slide, showing the re-

corded strains of several locomotives.

2. Photographs in Color, by the Grating Principle.

3. New Form of Pseudoscope.

4. Kinetoscope Projections of the Motion of a Wave in Va-

rious Mirrors, and after Repeated Reflection. Nos. 2

to 4, exhibited by Prof. R. W. Woop; University of

Wisconsin.

5. Achromatic Quarter Wave-length Plate. Exhibited by

Prof. D. B. Brace; University of Nebraska.

6. A Sound Wave Anemometer. Exhibited by Bercen Da-

vis; Columbia University.

7. A Series of Prints Illustrating Manly’s Ozotype Process

of Pigment Printing. Prepared and exhibited by Prof.

T. W. Epmonpson ; New York University.

8. Series of Diffraction Photographs. Exhibited by Prof.

W. S. FRANKLIN; Lehigh University.

g. A Variable Potential Rheostat. Exhibited by Prof. W.

M. STINE; Swarthmore College.

10. Photographs of Manometric Flames. Exhibited by Pro-

fessors E. L. NicHors and E. Merritt; Cornell Uni-

versity.

516

If.

12.

ane,

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

Enlargements of Photographs of the Electric Arc, with

and without Metals. Exhibited by A. L. Fotrey;

Cornell University.

Enlargements of Photographic Traces made with the

Hotchkiss Galvanometer. Exhibited by Prof. E. Mer-

RITT ; Cornell University.

Photographs of Traces of Gyroscopic Pendulum. Ex-

hibited by Prof. E. Merritt; Cornell University.

Thin Metallic Film High Resistances. “Exhibited by A.

C. LonGpEN ; Columbia University.

Newton’s Rings in Thin Selenium Films. Exhibited by

A. C. LonGDEN ; Columbia University.

Induction Apparatus, and X-ray Tube. Exhibited by E.

L. Knott & Co.; Boston.

Photograph of Manometric Flame Showing the Octave

in the Forced Vibration of a Tuning Fork. Exhibited

by W. Hattock ; Columbia University.

Modified Form of the Pupin Interrupter. Exhibited by

W. Hattock ; Columbia University.

Gelatine Half-wave-length Zone Plate. Exhibited by

Prof. R. W. Woop; University of Wisconsin.

PSYCHOLOGY.

In CHARGE OF Epw. L. THORNDIKE.

. Preliminary Apparatus for Recording the Vibrations of

the Human Voice. Exhibited by Professor C. H. Jupp ;

New York University School of Pedagogy.

2(a). Apparatus for Recording the Steadiness, Accuracy and

rapidity of Very Small Movements. (4) Apparatus

for Recording the Force of a Blow. Exhibited by Dr.

R. S. WoopwortH; New York University Medical

School. .

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 517

3. New Methods for Demonstrating Psychological Phe-

nomena with the Stereopticon. Exhibited by Professor

J. McK. Carrert; Columbia University.

4. Apparatus for Studying the Diffusion of the Motor Im-

pulse. Exhibited by Crark NissLer; Columbia Uni-

versity.

5. A Graded Series of Areas for Use in Studies of Discrimi-

nation and Practice. Exhibited by Dr. Epw. L.

THORNDIKE; Teachers College, Columbia University.

ZOOLOGY.

In CaHarGeE or CHARLES L. BRISTOL.

1. Anatomical Preparations. From the Morphological

Museum of Princeton University.

Exhibited by Professor C. F. W. McCLure.

2. Osteological Specimens. Showing improved methods of

preparation. Exhibited by S. H. Cuuss.

3. Map of the New York Zoélogical Park. Showing im-

provements, so far as completed.

Exhibited by W. T. Hornapay.

4. Photographs of the New York Zoélogical Park. A col-

lection showing the buildings and animals.

Exhibited by W. T. Hornapay.

5. The Young of the Hag-fish, Bdellostoma stouti. A

unique specimen of the newly-hatched young of this

Hag-fish secured during the past summer near Monte-

rey, California. Exhibited by BasHrorp DEAN.

6. Eggs of the Atlantic Hag-fish, Myxine glutinosa. Until

the present year, the specimens here exhibited were

unique. Collected from deep sea fishers (St. George’s

Bank, Newfoundland), by Prof. A. E. Verrill, of Yale

518 CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS.

University. Exhibited with them are the Eggs of the

Pacific Hag-Fish, 4dellostoma stouts.

Exhibited by BAsHForD DEAN.

7. The Pearly Nautilus, Nautilus pompilius. Collected in

$ the Solomon Islands, by Dr. Arthur Willey.

Exhibited by Epmunp B. Witson.

8. Earthworm with gills, Alma nilotica, from the Nile Val-

ley. Exhibited by Epmunp B. WILson.

g. Born wax-plate model of larval Ceratodus.

Exhibited by BASHFORD DEAN and J. H. McGrecor.

10. Born wax-plate model of the head of a Seven Day-embryo

Chick. Exhibited by W. S. WaLtace.

11. Fish and Preparations illustrating a Brook-Trout epi-

demic due to Sporozoa (mov. gen. et. nov. sp.).

Exhibited by G: N. CaLkIns.

12. Preparation showing Ciliated Cells with Basal Bodies and

Internal Fibrille.

Exhibited by E. U. Van Har.incEn.

13. Photographs illustrating the Natural History of Nova

Scotia. Exhibited by C. W. BEEBE. ;

14. Illustrations of Cave Animals ; from Kentucky and Indi-

ana Caverns. Exhibited by R. ELtswortu Catt.

15. Preparations of the Heads of Harmless and Poisonous

Snakes. Exhibited by RAymonp LrEE Dirmars.

1. Heads of non-venomous snakes, showing the swallowing

teeth, and representative charateristics.

a. Heads of Cuban Boa (Xiphisoma) mounted with

open mouth, to show formation and distribution

of teeth.

6. Head of typical “ harmless’

showing position of shields.

)

snake (water snake)

c. Skeleton head of Boa (Boa constrictor), showing

the dentition of a non-venomous snake.

2. Heads of venomous snakes, showing the poison appa-

ratus.

16.

SEVENTH ANNUAL RECEPTION. 519

d. Head of Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) show-

ing the poison fangs partially raised.

ec. Head of Rattlesnake (Crotalus terrificus) showing

the fangs raised as in the act of biting.

*. Head of Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus var.

atrox). The fangs are fully raised.

. Head of Water Moccasin (Ancistrodon piscivorus).

In this example the fangs rest against the roof

of the mouth.

h. Skeleton head of Rattlesnake (Crotalus adaman-

teus), showing the dentition.

7. Chart, showing dissection of the head of a poison-

ous snake. The gland secreting the venom is

seen behind the eye.

7. Snake venom. Dried and in liquid form.

k. Fang of poisonous snake under magnifying glass.

Developmental Stages of Some Australian Animals.

Exhibited by BASHFORD DEAN.

1. Specimens illustrating Development of Spiny Ant-Eater

(Echidua).

2. Specimens illustrating Development of Various Aus-

tralian Marsupials.

3. Large Embryos of Ceratodus.

)

[Annas N. Y. Acap..Sct., Vol. XII, No. 12, pp. 521-548. May 4, 1900. ]

10s03 (QNOSIPNGwey Ole — JUsle, IEIRIWNUIDIA | ISILSUNID)S

WitH NOTES ON THE COLLECTIONS MADE BY THE NEw YorxK

UNIvERSITY EXPEDITIONS IN 1897 AND 1808.

W. M. RaAnkIN.

(Read May 8, 1899.)

[Plate XVII. ]

For a few weeks during each of the summers of 1897 and

1898, a party sent out by the New York University was in the

Bermudas investigating the fauna and the general character of

the islands, with a view to the desirability of establishing there

a permanent biological station. Among the various collections

gathered was a considerable number of Crustacea, which have

been in my hands for identification and study. |

Hitherto the most complete list of the Bermuda Crustacea has

been that of Heilprin, who, in 1888, conducted to the islands a

patty from the Philadelphia Academy of Natural. Sciences.

Some of the results of this expedition were published in the

“ Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy ” of that year, and in

book form—‘“ The Bermuda Islands ’’—the following year. Pro-

fessor Heilprin enumerated 27 species, all but four of which have

been collected by the N. Y. University expedition, but which now

puts on record in the following list 43 species, 16 more than

Heilprin collected.

Besides Heilprin’s list there are several other recorded collec-

tions from the Bermudas, and it has been my purpose in the

present paper to gather together all these reports and to com-

pile, along with the notes on the species of this expedition, a com-

plete list of the hitherto recorded Crustacea of the Bermuda is-

lands.

ANNALS N. Y. AcaD. Sct., May 4, 1900.—33.

(521)

522 _ RANKIN.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

The publications, which include special collections of Crus-

tacea from the Bermudas, are as follows :

J. M. Jones—‘“‘ The Naturalist in Bermuda,’ London, 1859.

A. Heilprin—‘‘ The Bermuda Islands,” Philadelphia, 1889.

A. E. Ortmann—‘“ Decapoden und Schizopoden der Plankton-

Expedition,” 1893.

The following ‘‘ Reports of the Challenger Expedition ”’ :

“The Brachyura,’ Miers; ‘The Anomura,’ Henderson ;

‘“The Macrura,” Spence Bate; ‘The Stomatopoda,” Brooks ;

“The Phyllocarida,”’ Sars.

In addition to these published lists I have, through the kind-

ness of Miss Rathbun, of the U. S. National Museum, received a

list of the Crustacea collected by Dr. G. Brown Goode at the

Bermudas in ’76 and ’77, and now in the National Museum. I

have also seen several species in the American Museum of Nat-

ural History in New York, which were collected by Professor

Whitfield.

MATERIA STUDIED FOR foils PARERS

In the present paper I have noted for each species, so far as

I have been able to determine, its recorded observance by the

authorities quoted above, and have likewise indicated those

found in the Goode and Whitfield collections. The results of

this compilation give a total of 61 species.

The Amphipoda and Isopoda, several species of which were

collected, still await identification.

Doubtless this total represents very imperfectly the crustacean

life of the Bermudas. During the two short seasons spent on

the islands by the expedition no particular attention was given

to the Crustacea above other forms of marine life ; and the fact

that 18 species recorded by other investigators were not discov-

ered by this expedition, argues for the existence of many more,

as yet unrecorded.

The field of research was limited, being mostly confined to

Castle Harbor, at Walsingham, in ’97, and to Bailey’s Bay on

the north shore, in ’98, at which two localities the temporary

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 523

laboratory was situated. The most of the littoral forms were

found in the vicinity of these two places. Tonging for coral in

Castle Harbor, at a depth of a few feet, gave some of the rock-

living forms, as d/pheus. Expeditions to Castle, Cooper, and

St. David islands, increased the number, especially in land

and rock crabs (Gecarcinus and Grapsus). In 1897 an excellent

opportunity was afforded the expedition of learning something

of the bottom at six fathoms depth, through the courtesy of Lieut.

Gubbins, in charge of the government dredger “St. Albans,”’ at

work in the channel at St. George; from the material thus

gathered several species of Alpheus were procured. In 18098

some attempt at hand dredging at the Flatts and in Harrington

Sound was made. The securing of a new species of ka, a

genus hitherto unknown from this region, and the WVebala of

the Challenger Expedition, proves that many interesting forms

may be found by an extension of the work on these lines.

(CISUAIRCAC IND IRUISINCS) Ole eels, [eI MONDAY CIRUIS=

IACI AUN TVANOINUS\.

The physical conditions of the Bermudas: warm, shallow

waters, a coral shore, largely rocky, but with stretches of sandy

beach, would naturally lead us to expect a similarity in their

crustacean fauna to that of the West Indies and the adjacent

shores of Florida; and such, in fact, we find to be the case.

The land-crabs, Gecarcinus, find dry exposed hillsides suitable

for their burrows ; the mangrove swamps hide the bright col-

ored Goniopsis ; on the spray-washed cliffs the rock-crab, Grap-

sus, climbs ; the great variety of littoral crabs find shelter under

the stones of the beaches ; and masses of Sargassum conceal the

Nautilograpsus, which, with Leander natator,and perhaps others,

have found their way to the islands in the floating weed. In

the tide-pools may be found the swimming crabs, Ca//inectes and

Acheloiis, and the hosts of the agile shrimp, Leander affinis ; while

the coral is tunneled by, and gives shelter to, the Alpheus and

Gonodactylus.

All these characters of the Bermudan shores must be familiar

to one who has visited the West Indies ; so it is not surprising

524 RANKIN.

to find that out of a total of 61 species in this list all but five

have already been reported from the neighboring regions. These

five are the two new species, Mika bermudensis and Alpheus

lanctrostris, and the eastern species, Palemonclla tenuipes (from

the Sooloo Sea), Leander affinis (from Amboina), and Penaeus

velutinus (from the Pacific). As to these three last-mentioned

species, there is some reason for separating the Bermuda forms

from their eastern allies ; but even if on further study this should

prove advisable, it is clear that they are closely related to the

species mentioned above. The same interesting relationship is

shown in other forms as well,—as in the genus A/pheus we have

the-d. hippothoé var. bahamensis, which, as I noted in a previous

paper, is very near the East Indian variety A. edamensis ; and the

new species of ka comes quite near the Amboinian JV. processa.

With such exceptions, however, the crustacean fauna of Ber-

muda is most closely allied to its nearest neighbors, and it is

probable that further investigations both in the Bermudas and |

the West Indies will show a still more complete similarity of the

forms.

Many of the species, as is also the case with those found in

the West Indies, have a distribution more or less widely extended

in both hemispheres. I have reckoned that 18 out of the 61

are so distributed ; while 33 are, so far as known, confined to the

West Indies and the coast of America, between, approximately,

the Carolinas and Brazil. Two, Panopeus herbsti and Alpheus

candet, belong to the east and west coasts of America ; and four,

Neptunus anceps, Calcinus tibicen, Alpheus hippothoé var. bahamen-

sis, and Alpheus bermudensis, belong to the West Indies alone,

though it is highly probable that further research will discover

them on the shores of the mainland. Of all the list, only three

are known from Bermuda alone—the two new species described

in this paper and Paranebaha longipes.

The expedition is entitled to the credit of adding eight species

to the crustacean fauna of Bermuda, z. ¢. Panopeus herbstiu, Nep-

tunus spinimanus, Nika bermudensis, Leander natator, Alpheus

lancirostris, A. hippothoé var. bahamensis, Lepas anatifera and L.

pectinata.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS.

DECAPOMA:

OcyPODID#.

1. Ocypode arenaria (Catesby).

Cancer arenarius Catesby, History of the Carolinas, II., p. 35,

One ¢ from South Shore, ’97; one ¢, sandy beach, Cooper

Island, 98. Reported by Miers.

Distribution: South shore of Long Island, to Brazil ; West

Indies.

GECARCINIDA.

2. Gecarcinus lateralis (Freminville).

Ocypoda lateralis Freminville, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), IIL, p.

Dio Wyss

7 &, 3 9, Castle and Cooper Island, 97. Burrows in the

sandy soil among the grass. Seen also on the small islands off

« Seaward,”’ Bailey’s Bay.

Reported by Heilprin, Miers, and J. M. Jones.

I am inclined to consider G. daterahs and G. ruricola (Lin-

naeus) as synonyms ; but as my specimens correspond to Milne-

Edwards’ description ‘‘ Tarses armés de guatre rangées d’épines ”’

(Hist. Nat. Crust., II., p. 27, 1834), while the two specimens

from the Bahamas which I have examined have szr rows, and

therefore would be M.-Edwards’ G. raricola, | adopt Heilprin’s

determination until a more complete series from both the Ber-

mudas and West Indies may be examined.

Miers’ reported G. /agostoma is probably, as Heilprin sug-

gests, also G. /aterals.

Distribution: West Indies; Florida Keys.

*3, Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille.

Reported by Miers.

Distribution: East and west Central America; West Indies ;

West Africa.

Nore.—Species prefixed by (*) are not in the collections of the N. Y. University

Expeditions. They are placed in their appropriate place in order to make the

list consecutive,

526 RANKIN.

GRAPSID.

4. Sesarma cinerea (Say).

Grapsus cinerea Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, I.,

pv. 442, 1818.

Several specimens from the Flatts and Bailey’s Bay, ’98.

Very numerous at the Flatts on rocks above high water mark.

They run very rapidly and conceal themselves under stones when

pursued. They may not uncommonly be found on the trunks

of the juniper trees, the bark of which they resemble in color.

One specimen was taken as high as two feet from the ground.

Reported by Heilprin, from the Flatts; Whitfield collection.

Distribution : Virginia to Florida; West Indies.

*s. Cyclograpsus integer Milne Edwards.

Reported by Heilprin ; Goode collection.

Distribution: Florida; West Indies ; Brazil.

6. Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes).

Grapsus transversus Gibbes, Proc. Am. As. Adv. Sci., II., p.

Lol 1350:

Numerous specimens from the tide pools under stones in

Castle Harbor and Bailey’s Bay, ’97 and ’98. They conceal

themselves among the stones which they somewhat resemble in

color. It seems to be the most common littoral crab.

Reported by Heilprin, Miers and Ortmann ; Goode collection.

Distribution : warm and temperate waters of both hemispheres.

*7, Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure).

Goode collection.

Distribution: Florida; West Indies ; Yucatan.

8. Nautilograpsus minutus (Linnzus).

Cancer minutus Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., Ed. X, I., p. 625, 1758.

Numerous specimens found, in ’97, in the tide-pools with

Pachygrapsus among the Sargassum in which it lives, and is so

found distributed over the shores of the Atlantic, Pacific and

Indian oceans.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. . 527

Reported by Heilprin—“ one small specimen.’’ Goode col-

lection.

g. Grapsus grapsus (Linnzus).

Cancer grapsus Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., Ed. X, I., p. 630, 1758.

3 6,22. On rocks of Castle and Cooper Islands and on

South Shore ’97 and’98. These brilliantly colored crabs, though

quite common on the surf-beaten rocks of the islands, are difficult

to collect, as they make their way with surprising activity over

the jagged coral cliffs, disappearing suddenly into narrow clefts

or dropping into the boiling surf below.

Reported by Heilprin and Miers (G. maculatus).

Distribution : Warm seas of both hemispheres.

10. Goniopsis cruentatus (Latreille).

Grapsus cruentatus Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust., VI., p. 70,

1803.

26,19%,1 2 juv. Longbird Island, at end of the St. George

causeway, 98. Very numerous among the mangroves at this

place. The crabs are exceedingly wary and at the slightest dis-

turbance hide themselves among the roots of the mangroves or

in the crevices of the causeway wall.

Reported by Heilprin and Miers from Hungry Bay.

Distribution: Florida to Brazil; West Indies; West Africa.

CANCRID.

11. Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius).

Cancer gonagra Fabricius, Sp. Ins., p. 505, 1781.

2 9 with ova. Cooper Island, near shore, 97.

Reported by Miers “‘a small adult male.”

Distribution: Atlantic coast, South Carolina to Brazil; West

Indies.

12.’ Panopeus herbstii M.-Edwards.

M.-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I., p. 403, 1834.

(2) 1 $. No locality noted, ’97.

A large specimen, 40 mm. long, and 61 mm. wide. In the

form of its abdomen and the antero-lateral teeth this specimen

528 RANKIN. .

resembles very closely the figure and description of P. validus

Smith from the west coast of Central America, given by Benedict

and Rathbun (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV., p. 362, 1891). | Prob-

ably P. herbsti and P. valdus represent the east and west coast

forms of the same species:

(CD) silage ies under stones Long Bird Island, ’98. The @ is

22mm. xX 34mm. As the stones are lifted it is quite possible to

overlook the crab, so close is its resemblance to the mud in

which it lies concealed.

- Heilprin, Miers and Ortmann report P. herdsti var. serrata

Saussure ; and J. M. Jones previously reported the same. These

were small specimens—probably P. dermudensis. P. herbstit 1

consider new to the Islands.

_ Distribution : Rhode Island to Brazil; West Indies ; probably

west coast of Central America.

13. Panopeus bermudensis Benedict and Rathbun.

Benedict and Rathbun, The Genus Panopeus. Proc. U. S.

Nat: Mus., XV 2p. 376, pla tox aio:

Numerous specimens from Bailey’s Bay and Coney Island

and dredged at the Flatts, ’98.

The average size of the male is 9.5mm. long and 13 mm.

broad.

They may be found at low tide under stones in small de-

pressions in the sand. They are variously colored, dark, light

or mottled, corresponding to their surroundings. The fingers

vary considerably ; sometimes quite dark, frequently as light as

the palms. I find a large tooth on the dactyl of the larger

hand in all but two specimens.

Collected at Bermuda by G. Brown Goode (B. & R., l. c.

supra. p. 377); and probably the P. herbsti var. serratus of the

other reports belongs here..

Distribution: Florida Keys to Brazil ; West Indies.

*14. Eurytium limosum (Say).

Reported by Miers.

Distribution : New York to Brazil ; West Indies.

we)

Ne)

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS.

15. Actaea setigera (Milne-Edwards).

Xantho setiger Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I., p. 390,

1834.

Actaca setigera A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Crust. du Museum,

Ds 27 ole ON AUOE siren 2. TKO.

1 g, Castle Harbor, under stones at low tide, 98.

Purplish-red in color, lighter on appendages; fingers and

_ lower portion of hand black. Size, 40 mm. broad, 27 mm. long.

An unusually broad specimen, probably quite old.

Reported by Heilprin, “one male dredged off Shelly Bay,”

and by Ortmann. Whitfield collection.

Distribution: Florida Keys ; West Indies.

16. Xantho denticulata White.

White, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2, II., p.-285, 1840.

1 &, Cooper’s Island, ’97.

Reported from Bermuda by J. M. Jones; Goode collection.

Distribution : West Indies ; Mexico; Brazil.

*17. Lophactaea lobata (Milne-Edwards).

Goode collection.

Distribution : Florida Keys; West Indies.

* 18. Lobopilumnus agassizii Stimpson.

Reported by Heilprin ; Goode collection.

Distribution : Florida.

| PORTUNIDAE.

19. Callinectes ornatus Ordway.

Ordway, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., VII., p. 571, 1863.

I @ spurious, 49. Bailey’s Bay at low tide, 97 and ’98.

Olive-green carapace, appendages marked with blue.

Reported from Bermuda by J. M. Jones ; Goode collection.

Distribution : South Carolina to Brazil; West Indies.

* 20. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun.

Reported by Rathbun in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p.

352, 1896.

530 ‘ RANKIN.

J. M. Jones reports Lupa diacantha.

Distribution : Cape Cod to Texas; Jamaica; Brazil.

21. Neptunus anceps De Saussure.

H. de Saussure, Crust. Nouv. des Antilles et du Mexique, in

Mém. de la Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat., Genéve, XIV., p. 434, pl.

i fic ater elo sos

1 9, Cooper Island, ’97. Length 18 mm., width 30 mm.

Heilprin in his list, gives VV. hastatus which is a Mediterranean

species. A. Milne-Edwards in his key to the species of Veptunus

(Arch. Mus. H. N., Paris, t. X., p. 326, 1861), makes the dif-

ference between JV. hastatus and NV. anceps consist in the breadth

of the last two segments of the male abdomen. As my single

specimen is a female I cannot verify this statement, but have no

doubt that the Bermuda form is JV. anceps.

Distribution: ‘‘The Antilles, taken at Cuba,’ Saussure.

*22. Neptunus sayi (Gibbes).

Reported by Ortmann ; Goode collection.

Distribution : Atlantic coast of North America ; West Indies.

23. Neptunus (Achelows) spinimanus (Latreille).

Portunus spinimanus Watreille, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat.,

DOANE jon lig USO),

Achelous spinimanus A. M.-Edwards, Arch. Mus. H. N. Paris,

XS ps 34 Diaz loons

The single specimen was presented to me by Rev. H. J.

Wood of St. George, who had obtained it from some fishermen

of St. David’s, ’97. The carapace is covered with a close drab-

colored pubescence except on ridges which are smooth and

brownish-red. Pereiopods marked with longitudinal white stripes.

Length 60 mm. breadth 100 mm.

This species has not before been recorded from Bermuda and,

according to Mr. Wood, had never before been observed.

Distribution : South Carolina to Brazil; West Indies ; Chili,

(A. M.-Edwards).

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 531

24. Neptunus (Acheloiis) depressifrons Stimpson.

Amphitrite depressifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,

WAU 6, (Oe Sieh, iekey7,

Achelous depressifrons Stimpson, ibid., p. 223.

1 9, Coney Island, in the sand at low tide, ’98.

Color of carapace—above mottled like the sand, below, white,

giving it a close resemblance to its environment. Small red

markings on fingers of chelipeds and on propodos of second

pereiopods. Length, 14 mm; breadth, 19 mm.

Reported by Miers, ‘an adil male’’ ; Goode collection.

Distribution ; South Carolina to Florida; West Indies.

* 25. Portunus (Achelous) sebae M.-Edwards.

Goode collection.

Distribution : Coast of North America.

INACHIDA.

* 26. Podochela riisei Stimpson.

Reported by Miers.

Distribution : West Indies and Brazil.

PERICERIDA.

27. Macrocoeloma trispinosa (Latreille).

Pisa trispinosa Latreille, Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat., X., p. 142,

1825.

I @. The cove at Coney Island, ’o98.

Reported by Miers—two specimens, and by Ortmann ; Whit-

field collection.

Distribution : North Carolina to Brazil; West Indies.

28. Microphys bicornutus (Latreille).

isa bicormuia Seatrelle neye. Meth), xX, p) 141, 1825. ;

Numerous specimens from Bailey’s Bay, Castle Harbor, and

White Island in Hamilton Harbor. Common.

Reported by Heilprin, Miers, J. M. Jones* and Ortmann.

Distribution : Florida to Brazil ; West Indies.

1Jones reports, “‘Pericera cormuta, from fish pot.’’? It is probable that J/-

crophys bicornutus is meant.

HS2Z RANKIN.

29. Mithrax hirsutipes (Kingsley).

Mithraculus hirsutipes Kingsley, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., p.

BO mply 14, fe. 1.1070.

Mithraculus forceps A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. au Mexique,

pt. 5, I., p. 100;:(2)} 1880:

Numerous specimens from Castle Harbor in tide pools, and

dredged, ’97 and ’98.

This and FPachygrapsus transversus were the most common

species noted. |

I consider that the name JZ. hirsutipes should take precedence

over JZ. forceps as the latter does not seem to have been pub-

lished until 1880, although the “ Mission scientifique,” in which

the name appears, bears the date on the title page of 1875.

Reported by Heilprin (3 specimens), Miers (1 specimen) and

Ortmann ; Goode and Whitfield collections.

_ Distribution: North Carolina to Brazil; West Indies.

* 30. Mithrax hispidus (Herbst).

Goode collection.

Distribution : Florida to Brazil ; West Indies.

* 31. Mithrax (Nemausa) rostrata A. M.-Edwards.

Reported by Miers.

Distribution : Gulf of Mexico.

CALAPPIDE.

32. Calappa flammea (Herbst).

Cancer flammea Herbst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II., p.

LOU IZOB.

Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 284 (for synonomy).

“4 8, St. David Island, Coney Island and Bailey’s Bay, in

shallow water, ’97 and ’98. One was taken while exuviating ;

the crab was nearly buried in the sand, with the posterior margin

of the carapace alone protruding.

Reported by Heilprin, Miers and Ortmann.

Distribution: North Carolina to Venezuela; West Indies ;

East Indies and Cape of Good Hope.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 533

* 33. Calappa gallus (Herbst).

Reported by Miers.

Distribution : East and West Indies ; Red Sea.

HIpPiIp&.

34. Remipes cubensis Saussure.

Saussure: Wev. Mace Zools sen) 2, 1Xe. os 5Osh Loin 7:

Ftippa scutellata (Fabricius), Sp. Ins., II., p. 474, 1793.

Eighteen specimens from the sandy beach of Cooper Island,

97.

Reported by Henderson. Jones reports ‘‘ Hippa or sand-bug.

Distribution : American and African shores of Atlantic.

”

PORCELLANIDA.

35. Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes).

Porcellana armata Gibbes, Proc. Am. As. Adv. Sci., III., p-

190, 1850.

Numerous specimens from under stones in tide pools. Castle

Harbor, Bailey’s Bay and Harrington Sound, ’97 and ’08.

The specimens present considerable variation in the color—

dark-blue, speckled, reddish-white and slate. _

Reported by Heilprin, Henderson, Ortmann.

Distribution : Circumtropical.

CGENOBITID.

*36. Coenobita diogenes (Latreille).

Reported by J. M. Jones, Heilprin ; Goode collection.

Since leaving the islands I have seen several living specimens

from near the Flatts, but none were collected by the party.

Distribution : West Indies to Brazil.

37. PAGURID®.

37. Calcinus tibicen (Herbst).

(Plate XVII, Fig. 1.)

Cancer tibicen Herbst, Naturg. Krab. u. Krebse, II., p. 25,

pl. XXIII, fig. 6, 1796.

534 RANKIN.

Pagurus sulcatus M.-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II., p. 230,

1834.

Not Calcinus tibicen (M.-Edwards), 1. c. p. 229 ; Dana (Crust.,

p. 458); and authors.

The original description of Cancer tibicen by Herbst, as

pointed out by Hilgendorf (see Henderson, Chal. Anomura, p.

61.), agrees with the West Indian C. sa/catus (M.-Ed.) ; and the

C. tibicen, as described by Milne-Edwards from the South Seas,

is another species. I consider, therefore, that this Bermudan

and West Indian form should take the name C. tébicen (Herbst),

and that C. sadcatus (M.-Ed.) should be asynonym. Milne-Ed-

wards’ short description of C. sulcatus agrees well with my spec-

imens, except that the furrow on the propodos of the third per-

elopod is placed by him, probably by mistake, on the rzght side

instead of the /eé/¢.

Heilprin, in his list, identifies his specimens as C. obscurus

Stimp. (Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII., p. 83) 1862):

As Stimpson’s specimens are from Panama, and as he describes

the ambulatory feet as ‘‘ dark-olive, almost black,” it is probable

that these Bermuda forms should not be referred to C. obscurus.

I add from my material a more complete description of the species :

Calcinus tibicen (Herbst).

Carapace and -appendages minutely and closely punctate.

Carapace and chelipeds reddish-brown, a darker area in center of

tergum ; back of cephalo-thoracic groove lighter, more or less

mottled with dark spots ; rostrum minute ; optic peduncles above

orange, slightly darker at ends, terminating distally with a white

band ; below of a lighter shade, longer than the peduncles of the

inner antennae. Ocular scales appressed, triangular, with red

base and white tips ; cornea black.

Inner antennze: dark-brown peduncle and orange flagellum.

Outer antenne ; basal joint and spine dark-red, distal joint and

flagellum orange. First pair of pereiopods: chelz reddish-

brown, tips of fingers white, somewhat excavated; the upper

margin of smaller hand with blunt keel and without any ser-

rations.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 539

Second and third pairs of pereiopods slightly lighter in color

than the first ; propodos with only a few hairs at its distal end,

yellowish-white ; dactyl of same color but with a median circular

band of reddish-brown and a black tip. On the outer surface

of the propodos of the third pereiopod of the /ef/¢ side is a broad

and shallow, but well marked, longitudinal furrow.

Eight specimens, several with ova. In various gastropod

shells, found under stones on shore of Castle Harbor and dredged

in the channel, ’97.

Distribution : West Indies.

38. Clibanarius tricolor (Gibbes).

Pagurus tricolor Gibbes, Proc. Am. As. Adv. Sci., III., p. 189,

1850.

Numerous specimens in various small spiral shells from

Bailey’s Bay and Castle Harbor’97 and’98. Several specimens

were collected which had adopted the shell of the Pulmonate,

Bulimus decollatus, as their habitation.

This brightly colored and very active little hermit crab is very

abundant among the stones in tide-pools.

Reported by Heilprin ; Goode collection.

Distribution : Florida and West Indies.

SCYLLARID#.

39. Scyllarus equinoctialis Lund.

Lund, Skrivter Naturh. Selsk., II., pt. 2, p. 21. Copenhagen

1793.

Three specimens, 26,19, bought from fishermen were sent

alive to the New York Aquarium in ’97, but did not survive.

Hielprin reports a Scyl/larus sculptus M.-Edwards, purchased

atthe Crawl. My specimens differ from M.-Edwards’ description

of S. sculptus in the lack of the median spines and it is probable

that S. @guinoctialis—the common West Indian form, is the one

reported by Hielprin rather than S. sculptus.

Reported also by J. M. Jones.

Distribution: West Indies to Brazil.

536 RANKIN.

PALINURID#.

40. Panulirus argus (Latreille).

Patinurus argus Latreille ; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust.,

EVs 300). 1537.

2 ¢ juv. Locality not noted, 97. Two adult specimens were

sent to the N. Y. Aquarium for exhibition, but did not survive the

journey. This is the ‘“‘lobster”’ of the Bermudas ; its large size

and brilliant coloring make it by far the most striking of the Ber-

muda Crustacea.

Heilprin reports “ Palinurus americanus Lamk., the large Ber-

muda Crayfish.” As he says however that ‘“‘I am unable to

state positively if the species is correctly referred,” it is probable

that his species should also be P. argus.

Reported also by Jones ; Whitfield collection.

Distribution: Florida Keys; West Indies to Brazil.

STENOPID.

* ar. Stenopus hispidus (Latreille).

Reported by Spence Bate.

Distribution : warm waters of both hemispheres.

NiKipe.

42. Nika bermudensis n. sp.

(Plate SOV, Fig..2:)

Three specimens, 2 @ with ova, 1 ¢. Harrington Sound,

dredged at a depth of one fathom in clean white sand, ’98._ I

am indebted to Mr. F. W. Carpenter of New York University

for these specimens.

Rostrum one-third the length of the cephalo-thorax, some-

what shorter than the opthalmapoda, spiniform, not extending

backward asa keel, bifid at apex, the lower tooth being the

longer, projecting beyond the teeth on both sides are two hairs.

Anterior margin of carapace produced into a small rounded

antennal angle, not spiniform, no ocular tooth. Fronto-lateral

angle rounded.

THE CRUSTACEA OK THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 537

First pair of antennz: basal joint of pedicel reaches beyond

the tip of rostrum, second and third joints together not so long

as the first, third a little shorter than the second ; outer flagellum

robust, equal in length to the pedicel, basal two-thirds fringed

with long cilia; inner flagellum slender, rather more than twice

the length of outer.

Second pair of antennz: scaphocerite almost as long as the

pedicel of the inner antenne, a spine on its distal, outer angle ;

flagellum a little longer than the body.

Third pair of maxillipedes : the two terminal joints together a

little shorter than the antepenultimate ; distal end of penultimate

reaches the tip of pedicel of inner antennae.

First pair of peretopods: robust, shorter than the third maxil-

lipede, that on the left side terminates in a claw, on the right side

in a small chela; the three terminal segments together equal in

length to the meros. Second pair of pereiopods: very slender

and chelate, that on the left side, when extended, reaches slightly

beyond third mawxillipede, that on the right ride about one-third

longer; a bunch of fine hairs at the base of the hand; carpus

multiarticulate ; the ischium of both limbs has a sheath-like pos-

terior outgrowth. Third, fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopods long

and slender, terminating in sharp claws, each of which has a

bunch of fine hairs at its base and a few minute hairs near the

tip; third and fifth pairs sub-equal, fourth noticeably longer,

principally on account of the greater relative length of the meros

and carpus so that the dactyl and part of the propodos reach

beyond the end of the third and fourth; meros of the third pair

has five backwardly projecting spines.

Telson: tapering to the apex, which terminates in a spine on

either side ; dorsal surface grooved, with two pairs of dorsal spines.

Total length of a female, 14 mm., cephalo-thorax, 9g mm.

This is the first recorded appearance of a eka in the western

Atlantic. The five described species of the genus are as fol-

lows :

1. Wika edulis Risso (Hist. Nat. Crust., Nice, p. 85, pl.3, fig.

3, 1816). = Processa canaliculata Leach (Malacost, Pod. Brit.,

oll, JE HORS), Seas of Europe, Madeira, Cape Verde, Japan.

AnnaLs N. Y. AcAD. Sci., XII, May 22, 1900—34

538 RANKIN,

2. N. japonica De Haan (Fauna Japonica, pl. 46, fig. 6,

1850). East Coast of Asia.

3. WV. hawaiensis Dana (U. S. Expl. Ex., Crustacea, p. 538,

1852). Hawaii.

4. NV. macrognatha Stimpson (Proc. Phil. Ac., p. 27, 1860).

Hong-Kong.

5. WV. processa Spence Bate (Challenger, Macrura, p. 527,

pl. 95, 1888). Amboina.

The more marked differences between the Bermuda species -

and the others are the following : /V. edulis has a keel on the ros-

trum ; in WV. hawazensis the rostrum is broad and triangular; /V.

japonica has no spines on the upper surface of the telson; JV.

macrognatha has smaller eyes and longer maxillipedes; JV.

processa, to which the new species is most closely allied, has a

longer rostrum, longer maxillipedes and pereiopods, the carpus of

the 3d, 4th and 5th pereiopods is equal to the meros and ischium

together (in WV. dermudensis the carpus is equal only to the

meros), the second joint of the pedicel of inner antenne is rel-

atively longer than in JV. bermudensis, where it very slightly

excels in length the terminal joint.

From all these species WV. bermudensis differs in having a bifid

rostrum.

PALAMONID.

43. Palemonella tenuipes Dana.

Dana, ‘Grust-Uo S. Expl. Psp: 592) .pls se nnuec shelton:

1 6,1 @ with ova. Broken out of coral rock in Castle Har-

bor, 6-8 feet, ’97.

These two specimens belong, no doubt, to the same species

as those dredged by Heilprin in Shelly Bay and referred by him

to Dana’s P. tenuzpes from the Sooloo Sea. I note eight dorsal

spines on rostum instead of seven, and no spines on carpus of

the second pereiopod. Probably a new species should be made

for this Bermuda form.

44. Leander natator (Milne-Edwards).

Palemon natator M.—Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II., p. 393,

1837.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 539

This single specimen was found in ’g7, in a tide pool at Castle

Island under masses of Sargassum with which it had undoubt-

edly reached the island, as it is'a sargassum-living form and is so

distributed throughout the warmer seas. I find on the rostrum

eleven dorsal, and four ventral teeth.

Not before reported from the Bermudas.

45. Leander affinis (Milne-Edwards). -

Palemon affintis Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II., p. 391,

nOBye

Numerous specimens, usually with ova. Very common in

pools among the rocks on the shores of Castle Harbor, ’97

and ’98.

As noted by Heilprin the number of rostral teeth varies: con-

siderably. The only difference from Spence Bate’s description

(Chal., Macrura, p. 782) of his Australian form seems to be that

in the Bermuda form the ocellus is not clearly distinct from the

cornea of the eye, as Spence Bate gives it, but lies just within its

margin.

Reported by Heilprin and Ortmann; and by J. M. Jones as

Palemon vulgaris. ;

Distribution: New Zealand (Dana); Port Jackson (Bate).

ALPHEID&.

46. Alpheus edwardsii (Audouin).

(Plate Vic.) 3°)

Athanas edwards Audouin, Planches de la description de

l Egypte par M. Savigny, Crust. pl. X., fig. 1, 1810.

Three specimens from Castle Harbor, ’97.

Reported by Heilprin and Ortmann.

Distribution: Circumtropical.

47. Alpheus hippothoé de Man. var. bahamensis Rankin.

Rankins AnnalseNeovee cad Ser. Xs oy 247, pl. POXGX fie.

5 hoOo:

Four specimens, St. David Island, in tide pools, ’97.

540 RANKIN.

These specimens have the characteristic blue tips of the fingers.

New to Bermuda.

Distribution: Bahamas.

48. Alpheus bermudensis Spence Bate.

(Plate DOVAE, Fico")

Spence Bate, Chalenger, Macrura, p. 547, pl. 98, fig. 3, 1888.

(2) 3 specimens from dredger, 97. (0) 9 specimens from

Bailey’s Bay, under rocks at low tide, ’98. (c) 2 specimens

dredged in 1-2 fathoms at the Flatts, ’98.

Heilprin considers that A. dermudensis is the same as A. avarus

Fabr. and A. edwardsii Audouin. The synonomy of the two

latter is probable ; but there are well marked differences in speci-

mens-of the same size of A. bermudensis and A. edwardsit. In

A. edwardsi there is a deep transverse constriction in the larger

chela above and below ; in A. bermudensis only above as shown

in the figure (plate XVII, fig. 4). A deep longitudinal furrow

is on the inner side near the upper surface of A. dermudensis,

none in A, edwardsi (cf. fig. 3). The dactyl is longer and less

sickel-shaped in A. edivardsiz, and on the meros is a spine at the

distal inner end. The carpal joints of the second pereiopods

also. differ, the first in A. bermudensis being shorter than the

second, instead of longer, while the third and fourth are propor-

tionately shorter than is the case in A. edwardsi. The small

chela of A. dermudensis is very much smaller than the large ;

the fingers are about the length of the palm, slightly gaping, as

the dactyl has a long slight curve.

Reported by Heilprin and Spence Bate, who also had a

specimen from St. Thomas, W. I.

49. Alpheus minor Say.

Say, Jour Acad Nati Ser ehily dpe 24 cp alole:

Numerous specimens from the dredger, ’97, and broken out

of coral rock in Castle Harbor, 97 and ’o8.

Reported by Heilprin and Ortmann.

Distribution: Virginia to Panama; West Indies ; west coast

Central America.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 541

50. Alpheus candei Guerin.

Guerin, in Sagra’s Histoire de Pisle de Cuba, Paris, p. L, pl.

De eon 13857.

Alpheus transverso-dactylus Kingsley, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur-

veya UNa(O- a.), 1p: 190s 197.8:

Seven specimens of a yellowish-green color with darker green

carapace broken out of coral rock in Castle Harbor ’97 and ’98.

The description given by Kingsley (I. c. supra) of specimens

from California corresponds very closely to Guerin’s figure of

his specimens from the coast of Cuba and to my material from

Bermuda. I think there can be no doubt that A. transverso-

dactylus Kingsley should be considered as a synonym of 4.

candet Guerin. Kingsley himself says ‘“‘I cannot separate from

this, i. e., the Californian A. transverso-dactylus, two specimens

from Bermuda, one collected by J. M. Jones and the other by

G. Brown Goode.” This species comes near A. streptochirus

Stimp. from the Cape Verde Islands.

Reported by Kingsley from Goode and Jones collections.

Distribution : California ; West Indies.

51. Alpheus lancirostris n. sp.

(Blate SGVil Big. 15")

Nineteen specimens, 11 ¢, 8 2 ; two from dredger ’97, the

remainder from under stones in Bailey’s Bay, at low tide, ’98.

Carapace smooth. Rostrum prominent, laterally compressed

and slightly bent down at tip, extending backward as a sharp

lance-like keel to the posterior region of cornea where it broad-

ens out to a triangular base; the keel is separated from the ocu-

lar lobes by a broad and well marked sulcus. Ocular lobes prom-

inent dorsally ; no spine, but slightly angular anteriorly.

Inner antennz: basal joint of peduncle reaching to the tip of

rostrum, with a sharp spine equal in length to the basal joint ;

two following joints cylindrical, the third half the length of sec-

ond ; upper flagellum short and stout, tipped with a long pencil

of hair; inner flagellum rather more than twice the length of

outer. Outer antennz : basal joint of peduncle with short spine ;

542 RANKIN.

scaphocerite slightly longer than peduncle, ends in a stout spine,

lamellar portion narrowed at base; flagellum nearly twice the

length of the longer flagellum of inner antennz, about equal to

the body length.

First pair of pereiopods: meros triangular in cross section, a

spine at the distal end of the inner lower margin ; carpus short ;

large hand much swollen, a deep narrow sulcus on upper mar-

gin, a depression on inner lateral surface running backwards and

downwards from this, a shallower depression on the outer sur-

face ; a sulcus on the lower margin constricts the palma sharply

from the thumb; dactyl strongly arched, very little longer than

the thumb; articulation vertical; tip of dactyl and of thumb

calcareus ; scattered hairs on hand and dactyl; the whole aspect

of the large hand, which appears to be always on the right side,

is very similar to that of dA. edwards (cf. pl. XVII, fig. 3) ; small

hand cylindrical, long and slender, fingers nearly straight, as long

as palma, slightly hairy.

Second pair of pereiopods: carpus five-articulate ; first and

second joints subequal, third and fourth equal, together about

the length of fifth, which is shorter than the second; hand,

slightly longer than fifth carpal joint.

Third and fourth pairs of pereiopods similar, no meral spine.

Fifth pair of pereiopods more slender than fourth. Propodos of

third, fourth and fifth pairs fringed with small spines; their

dactyls slender and sharp.

Pleopods slender; in the females loaded with well developed

ova. Telson rounded at distal extremity, lateral margins slightly

concave ; two small spines on each side of median line of dorsal

surface. Uropods rounded at distal end; outer one with well-

marked dizresis ; the outer angle of proximal portion is marked

by a minute spine and a longer articulated one is median to this.

Color of fresh specimens: three broad, transverse bands of

brown on the carapace and one on each segment of the abdo-

men; antenne and margins of the telson and uropods orange ;

pereiopods yellow ; large chela spotted with brown and with an

orange area on the inner side; ends of fingers white. In alco-

hol the species is characterized by alternate bands of pink and

white, while the chelz are mottled with blue.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 543

The affinities of the new species are with A. zztrinsicus Spence

Bate from Bahia (Chal., Macr., p. 557. pl. III., fig. 1), In both

the rostrum is broad and flat at the proximal end and the sharp

keel is separated from the eyes by a deep and wide sulcus, but in

the new species the broadening of the keel of the rostrum towards

its distal end is not so prominent, and the sharp spines on the inner

dorsal surface of the ocular lobes are wanting. The teeth on the

large chela of A. zntrinsicus are wanting in the new species, and

also the meral spines of the third and fourth pereiopods. The

carpus of the second pair of pereiopods is five-jointed in the

new species, six-jointed (according to Spence Bate’s figure and

description) in A. cutrinsicus.

Measurements of large 9: total length, 45 mm.; length of

carapace, 15 mm.; of large chela, 21 mm.; of small chela,

13 mm.

52. Alpheus websteri Kingsley.

Kingsley, ProcAc: Nat! Sci. Phil® p; 416; 1870.

Five specimens, dredged in channel, 6 fathoms, ’97.

This is probably the same as A. formosus Gibbes (Proc. A. A.

A. S. III. p. 196, 1850), though as I am in doubt about the

exact synonomy I retain provisionally the name above.

The small black spines of the uropods noted by Kingsley

serve readily to identify this species. The triangular rostrum

with the lateral sulci clearly distinguish it from A. menor, and

place it in the same group with the new species.

The specimens were at first marked by a white band along the

median dorsal surface and a wavy line on each side.

Heilprin reports one specimen of A. formosus Gibbes, obtained

by dredging.

Distribution : Florida and West Indies.

PENZIDA.

53. Sicyonia carinata (Olivier) (?).

(Rate xaval Hic) 6:)

Palaemon carinatus Olivier, Encyclop., t. VIII., p. 667, 1811.

Sicyonia carinata Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. L,

DOXA ply IX hes OM 18.30:

544 . RANKIN.

Sicyonia carinata Spence Bate, Challenger, Macrura, p. 294,

PH eOWIMNT figs:62, 53, 1888.

Two damaged specimens. Harrington Sound, dredged in

clean white sand with ka bermudensis, 1 fathom. Iam indebted

to Mr. F. W. Carpenter, of the New York University, for the

specimens dredged at this place in July, ’98.

The specimens come near to, and perhaps are, the S. cavinata

Olivier, the only species of Szcyonza reported from the West

Atlantic region.. My specimens differ from the figures of Spence

Bate and Milne-Edwards (cf. fig. 6) in the position of the rostral

teeth, mine having four teeth close together on the dorsal surface

of rostrum and none below. One other tooth is posterior to the

gastric region. As the thoracic appendages are entirely wanting

Iam not able to make a careful comparison of the forms and

leave the Bermuda species for the present as S. carvinata.

Reported by Ortmann. I @.

Distribution : St. Thomas, W. I., and Brazil.

* 54. Peneus constrictus Stimpson.

Reported by Ortmann ; Goode collection.

Distribution: Coast of North and South Carolina.

* 55. Peneus velutinus Dana.

Reported by Heilprin.

Distribution: Pacific?

* 56. Pandalus tenuicornus.

Goode collection.

PHYLLOCARIDA.

57. Paranebalia longipes (Willemoes Suhm).

Nebalia longipes Willemoes Suhm, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,

ser 2, 1.; p. 20, ploVi 1870:

Paranebalia longipes Sars, Report on the Phyllocarida, in

Challenger Report, p. 10, 1887.

* Two specimens, ¢, dredged at the Flatts, 1 to 2 fathoms in

clean sand, ’98.

THE CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS. 545

The type specimens of the Challenger expedition came from

Bermuda in Harrington sound. Also collected there by Dr.

Goode.

Not reported from other localities.

STOMATOPODA.

58. Pseudosquilla ciliata Miers.

Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, V., p. 108, pl. III.,

figs. 7 and 8, 1880.

One specimen from dredger, ’97.

Reported from Bermuda by Bigelow in Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., vol. XVII., p. 499, 1894.

Distribution: Atlantic and Pacific.

59. Gonodactylus cerstedii Hansen.

Hansen, Isopoden, Cumaceen und Stomatopoden der Plank-

ton-expedition, 1895, p. 65.

G. chiragra Fabricius (in part), Ent. Spo MUO, Gs. 17/0).

Five specimens, broken from coral rock, Cie Harbor and

Bailey’s Bay, '97 and ’98.

Reported by Heilprin, one specimen from Flatts ; Brooks and

J. M. Jones ; Goode collection.

Distribution: West Indies; Florida to Brazil.

CIRRIPEDIA.

60. Lepas anatifera Linnzus.

Linnzeus, Systema Nature, 1767.

Darwin, Monograph on Cirripedia, Lepadide, Ou 7s, SIAL

Several dried specimens from a log cast on the shore, ’98.

Distribution : Common in all waters.

61. Lepas pectinata Spengler.

Spencler oknmit. Nat Selsy Il, p. 1060;)11703:

Darwin, Monograph on Cirripedia, Lepadide, p. 85, 1851.

One specimen attached to sargassum in water near North

Rock, ’98.

Distribution: Atlantic and Mediterranean waters.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, May, 1899.

Fig.

PLATE XVII.

BERMUDA CRUSTACEA.

PAGE.

. Calcinus tibicen (Herbst).

Cephalo-thoras es Ata cea dee emer ea see cise este ener eee 533

. Nika bermudensis Rankin n. sp., X 6.............00008 536

a. First pereipod of right side.

6. Second pereiopod of right side.

. Alpheus edwardsii (Audouin) ..................ceceeeee 539

First pereiopod ; larger chela (from De Man), x 1%.

. Alpheus bermudensis Spence Bate ..................005 540

First pereiopod ; larger chela (from Spence Bate), x 2

. Alpheus lancirostris Rankin n, sp., X 1% ............ 541

a, Cephalic region of carapace, dorsal aspect, x 474.

6, First pereiopod ; smaller chela, x 1%.

c. Telson, from above; xX 1%.

. Sicyonia, carinata (Olivier) escent ee eee 543

Carapace (from Spence Bate), x 2.

(548)

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD, SCI. XII. PLATE XVII.

R. Weber, del.

[ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Scr., Vol. XII., No. 13, pp. 549 to 588, May 22, 1900. ]

CONTRIBUTIONS TO) AN SIAN: SYNGAS TEE: CON

DITIONAL SENTENCE.

Louis H. Gray.

(Read March 27, 1899.)

AmoneG the numerous problems presented to the scholar by

the syntax of the Avesta’ the question of the original distinction

between the subjunctive and the optative is one of the most

interesting.” The view of Delbrtick with regard to this primary

distinction between the two moods in Indo-Germanic has long

_been accepted by the majority of scholars. He formulated his

opinion in the following sentence (Gebrauch des Conj. und Opt.

13): “ Dieser relative Grundbegriff ist fiir den Conjunctiv der

Wille, fir den Optativ der Wunsch.” ‘ Will” is defined as a de-

sire for the attainable; ‘‘ wish’’ implies a longing for what may

perhaps be unattainable (ibid. 16, cf. his Vgl. Synt. il, 374).

Delbriick has reiterated his view with regard to the fundamental

difference between the subjunctive and optative more than once,

and he still retains it as being the most probable working hypo-

thesis in the study of the modal relations of the Indo-Germanic

(Grundlagen der griech. Synt. 116-117, Altind. Synt. 302, Vgl.

Synt. der Indo-Germ. Sprachen ii., 349-352). On the other

hand, the same scholar, Grundlagen der griech. Synt. 117, recog-

nizes the possibility of regarding the subjunctive as a nearer

future and the optative as a remoter future. This is the view

which has been maintained with much energy and feeling by

1 My deepest indebtedness is due to my teacher, Professor Jackson, of Columbia

University. It is his collection of examples from the Avestan texts that has

formed the nucleus of the present paper. To him I express sincerest thanks.

* The principal literature as far as the Avestan is concerned is as follows: Spiegel,

Gramm. der altbakt. Sprache 322, 337-338; Vgl. Gramm. der altéran Sprachen

499-504; Jolly, Conjunctiv und Optativ und die Nebensatze im Zend und Altper. |

especially 70-104; Bartholomae, Altiran. Verb. 181-219.

(549)

550 GRAY.

Prof. Goodwin of Harvard, in his “relation of the optative to

the subjunctive and other moods” (Appendix i. of his ‘Greek

moods and tenses,’ 371-389, edit. 1893). Thus Goodwin says,

389: ‘Its (the optative’s) relation to the subjunctive. . .is

substantially that of a ‘remoter future.’’’ The gulf between the

views of these two scholars seems to me to be more apparent

than real. Goodwin in particular seems to be a little too nice in

his distinction between “‘ will” and “wish.” “ Will”’ and ‘“‘ wish”

in my judgment denote nothing more or less than different grades

of desire, which itself of necessity implies future time. I empha-

' size this point, because, if it be granted, a synthesis of the views

of Delbriick and Goodwin appears not impossible. I feel, then,

little hesitation in adopting Delbriick’s hypothesis. This will

lead to the following classification of the uses of the subjunctive

and optative (Vgl. Synt. ii., 374, cf. Gebrauch des Conj. und Opt.

16-17; Bartholomae Altiran. Verb. 181. See also the classifi-

cation of Goodwin, 375, 388, and compare. Elmer, Studies in

Latin Moods and Tenses, Cornell Studies in Class. Philology

Vis, 175-231, Bennett, ibids ix.) 3147):

a. Subjunctive= Will 6. Optative= Wish

( Volitative Subjunctive Prescriptive Optative

| Prospective “6 Potential

Both the subjunctive and the optative, like the imperative,

seem to have stood originally only in positive sentences. Their

equivalent in negative sentences was the injunctive.

The conditional sentences fall into two main divisions, and

each of these is to be divided in its turn into two classes. First

of all, conditions are (1) real, (2) ideal. The real conditions

fall into the two classes of (1) logical conditions (“af he goes, it

is well’), (2) anticipatory conditions (‘‘if he shall go, it will be

well’’). The ideal conditions are either (1) possible conditions

(‘if he should go, it would be well’’) or (2) unfilled conditions

(‘if he had gone, it would have been well’’). The logical con-

ditions have the indicative (or the injunctive) in the protasis ;

the anticipatory conditions contain the subjunctive in the pro-

tasis.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 551

In both classes of the ideal conditions we find the Optative

in the Protasis. With regard to the time-element of these

classes of the conditional sentences, it is to be noted that the

logical conditions fall either into the present or the past, while

the anticipatory conditions are concerned with the future only.

The possible conditions, like the anticipatory, imply future time;

and the unfulfilled conditions, like one class of the logical, deal

with the past. The following diagram may serve to make my

divisions more clear.

Conditions.

/ ww

Ver

(nd. iy ) (O /2t.)

I. line : i & Pos) sible 4. VO

‘ pt.

a Pr/esent \ Fut\ure Fut ure

b\ Past Past

First and foremost it must be observed that the class of a

conditional sentence is determined in all cases by the mood (and

tense) of its protasis. The form of its apodosis is a secondary

matter.

552 GRAY.

With regard to my translations I have systematically rendered

the subjunctive by “may” or “shall,” and the optative by

“might” or “should.” Of these alternative renderings I have

used “‘ may’ for what I regarded as the volitative subjunctive, and

“shall”? for the prospective. Similarly “might” translates the

potential optative, and “should” the prescriptive. For an oc-

casional violation of the English usage of “shall” and “will” I

must plead the necessities of a scientific uniformity in so delicate

a problem as the mutual relations of the moods. I have

rendered the injunctive in all cases by “‘is to,” and the future in-

dicative by ‘will.’ While it is quite evident that the subjunc-

tive and the optative are sometimes used in the conditional sen-

tence with iterative force (cf. Jolly, Conj. u. Opt. 43-45, 59, 102,

85, 94; Bartholomae, Altiran. Verb. 188, IQ0—-I9I, 194, 212,

216; KZ. xxvii, 37 ;\Sprachgeschichten-..9127); Jacksons Enoc

A. O.S. xvii., 187 and especially the examples in his forthcoming

Avestan syntax ; cf. also the use of the subjunctive and the op-

tative in Greek general conditions, Goodwin Greek moods and

tenses 170 seqq., and the iterative subjunctive in Latin, Gilder-

sleeve-Lodge Latin Gramm. 364), I have thought it best not to

disturb the uniformity of my renderings for the sake of this

special shade of meaning. It will, I hope, be readily deducible

in all cases where it occurs, even from my translations.

In the discussion of the conditional sentence in the Avesta

seventy-eight examples have been considered. Twenty-eight of

these are Logical, thirty-three Anticipatory, nine Possible, and

three Unfulfilled. The five remaining examples are conditions

whose Protasis contains no finite verb. With regard to the por-

tions of the texts whence the passages considered have been

taken, twenty-four sentences are from the Gathas, fifty-four from

the Younger Avesta. Of the latter two are from the verse Yasna,

four from the prose Yasna, one from mixed prose and verse

Yasna. Nine are from the verse YaSts, four from the prose YasSts,

six from mixed prose and verse Yasts. The Vendidad gives

twenty-eight examples, all but one in prose. The data with re-

gard to the Apodosis are as follows: Logical Conditions with

Indicative in the Apodosis ten, Subjunctive six, Optative two, In-

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 553

junctive two, Imperative two; Injunctive in the Protasis, and

Injunctive in the Apodosis four, Subyunctive in the Apodosis

one. Anticipatory Conditions with Subjunctive in the Apodosis

fourteen, Indicative seven, Optative seven, Injunctive four, no

finite verb one. Possible conditions with Optative in the Apo-

dosis three, Indicative one, Subjunctive five. Unfulfilled Condi-

tions with Optative in the Apodosis two, Subjunctive one. Con-

ditional sentences with no finite verb in the Protasis have in the

Apodosis the Indicative once, the Subjunctive twice, the Opta-

tive once, and the Imperative once. The single instance of a

condition without an introductory conditional particle has the In-

dicative in both clauses.

The relative frequency of the moods in Protasis and Apodosis

is as follows: Indicative, Protasis, twenty-three ; Apodosis,

twenty. Subjunctive, Protasis, thirty-three ; Apodosis, twenty-

nine ; Optative, Protasis, twelve ; Apodosis, fifteen. Injunctive,

Protasis, five; Apodosis, ten. Imperative, Apodosis, three ; no

finite verb, Protasis, five ; Apodosis, one.

Examples from the Gathas are lacking only for the type Sub-

junctive + omitted verb, and Optative + Indicative. I am not

able to quote at present a Gathic example of the Unfulfilled Con-

dition.

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII, May 10, 1900—35

554 GRAY.

AD REAL CONDITRIONS:

I. REAL CONDITIONS IN THE PRESENT OR PAsST—LOGICAL

CONDITIONS.

a. Indicative in the Protasis.

a. Indicative in the both Clauses.

a. Present tense in both Clauses.

I: dhe PRrotasis 1s,introduced: by. thevemeral

relative ya—-

ys. 33. 2 (GAv. verse):

at yi akam dragvaité vacapha va at va manawha

sastolbya va varasaiti vawhau va coibaité astim

tot vara radenti ahurahya zaose mazda.

‘then whosoever will work harm to the wicked whether by

word, or by thought, or by both hands, or doth instruct one in

the good, they are responsive unto his will in their love of Ahura

Mazda.’

(Note the Optative varsSaété $1.)

ys. 38. 4 (GAv. prose):

mitt ya va vawuhis ahurod mazda nama dadat va~huda hyat

va dadat tais va yazamaide tas fryamahi tas namahyamahi tas

wsmidyamani.

‘thus whatever good names Ahura Mazda, creator of good,

gave you when he created you, we worship you with them, we

delight you by them, we honor you by them, we claim you by

them.’

yt. 10. 28 (yAv. verse)—cf. also yt. 10. 38:

aat ahmai nmanai dadaiti

gausca vadwa viranqmca

yahva awsnuto bavaite

upa anya scindayeiti

yahva thisto bavaiti.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 555

‘then to this house he giveth hosts both of kine and of male

children, where he is well-pleased; others he doth destroy,

where he is displeased.’

yt. 10. 87 (yAv. verse) :

dat yahmai xsnuto bavaiti

misro yo vouru-gaoyaoitis

ahma jasaiti avaiirhe.

‘then with whomsoever Mithra, lord of wide pastures, is

well-pleased, to that man he comes for aid.’

(cf. the Subjunctive wzyasaztz in the similar sentence yt. 10. 19.)

yt. 13. 47 (yAv. verse) :

yatara va ais paurva frayazante

Sraorat fraxsnt avi mano

sarazdatout awhuyat haca

ataravra fraorisinti

uyra asaungm fravasayo.

‘then whichsoever of the two doth first worship them very

zealously in mind, from devotion of the soul, thitherward do

turn the awful Fravashis of the righteous.’

(cf. the Subjunctive frayazaiti in the similar sentence yt. 10. 9.)

2» he Mrotastsmis iminoduced by wes7. t.do7.

vse Le 21 (yA\ve prose):

yes 0wa didvatsa. . . a te ashe fraca stuyé ni te vaedayemt

yest té aimhe ava-uriraoda yat yasnaheca vahmaheca.

‘if I have incurred thy displeasure . . . I praise thee therefor,

I acknowledge thee, if I have fallen short in that which is

worship or of prayer.’

ys. 62. 9 (yAv. prose and verse) :

Gat yest S& aém baraiti aésmam .

a he pascacta frinati

atars mazda ahurahe.

556 GRAY.

‘if then he bringeth wood to him, . . . thereafter the Fire

of Mazda Ahura blesseth him.’

(cf. vd. 18. 26, where the Apodosis has the Subjunctive

afrinat.)

yt. 6. 3 (yAv. prose) :

yewot st hvara noit usuxsyeiti ada datva vispa morancintt ya

hanti hapto-karsvohva; nava cis mainyava yasata awhava

astvaint paiti-dram noit paitistam vidonte.

‘if the sun does not arise, then all the demons which are in

the seven zones work destruction; neither do any spiritual

angels in the material world find recourse or resistance.’

vd. 8. 40-41 (yAv. prose) :

sasta hé paowrim frasnadayon ; aat yat hé sasta not frasnata

Gat vispam hvam tantim ayaosdata karanaotti .

yesica apd vawnuhis barzsniim vaydanam pourum paiti-jasaiti

kva aésam asa druxs ya nasus upa-dvasait.

‘first they shall wash his hands; for when his hands (are)

not washed, he maketh all his body in impurity

‘if the good waters come first to the top of his head where

of these (places) doth this Druj, the Nasu, pounce.’

The following parallels for this form of the conditional sentence

may be cited from the Rig-Veda, the Old Persian inscriptions,

and the Greek.

yad agné adivya asy apsuja va sahaskrta

tam tva girbhir havamahe.

‘whether, Agni, thou art born in heaven or in water, O thou

who wast made by might, we invoke thee with our hymns.’

Bh. 1. 23-24:

yadas[am ha|\cama adah y avada akunavyata,

‘as it was said unto them by me, so was it done.’

Euripides Bellerophon. frag. 294, 7 (ed. Nauck):

. , ~ . ’ 5 . . ,

ef weot te d0@ow GLOY POV, OVX slaw eor.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 597

6. Aorist tense in the Protasis and Present tense in the Apodosis.

Phe sOkasis 1seimeroduce day: Eniewaen er all

relative ya—-:

ys. 48. 4 (GAv. verse):

yo dat mano vahyo mazda asyasca

hvo dactnam syaotanaca vacawhaca

ahya saosing ustis varsnang hacaité

wahmi «rata apimam nana armhat.

‘whoso hath made his mind better and more righteous, he

doth follow the Faith both by deed and by word, (even) choices,

longings (and) creeds: in thy sight at the last shall all men be.’

(It is to be noted that d@/ may possibly be regarded as a Sub-

junctive, cf. Jackson Av. Gramm. § 642.)

b. Indicative in the Protasis and Subjunctive in the Apodosis.

a. Present tense in both Clauses.

Lethe se corastsms introduced by the aenierall

relative ya—-:

Wit 254 (y-Awe pose):

kat t@ nara yaozdayan amhm... yanasaum... fra-

barantt.

who bear forth . . . the

‘how shall those men be purified. . .

corpse.’

(cf. the Subjunctive fravwharat in the relative clause in the

similar condition vd. 7. 23 below.)

ys. 46. 8 (GAv. verse):

yi va moa ya gacda dazsd? aénamhe

not ahya ma adris Syaodanas frosyat

paityaogat ta ahmai gasoit dvacsawha

tanvam a ya tm hupyatos payat.

‘or whosoever giveth these my creatures unto sin, never shall

his dart cleave me by his deeds; on his body retributively should

1The Pahlavi tradition renders a2 ‘unto the good, and even unto the evil’ (avd

sapirth amatic avd saritarth). For the asyndeton in ¢ cf. ys. 33, 2 and ond see

Darmesteter’s translation ad /oc.

558 GRAY.

come with hatred those things which might hold him back from

the good life.’

vd. 18. 69-70 (yAv. prose):

yo... «rsudra avi frawharasaiti hazawram anumayanam

fravinuyat .. . a@dre asaya vawhuya frabaroit.

‘whosoever emitteth his seed, . . . he shall offer (?) a thousand

sheep, . . . unto the Fire (Atar) with good piety should he present

them.’

(Note the Subjunctive and the Optative side by side in the

Apodosis of this sentence).

2. Lhe Protasis 1s introduced: by ween yee

yt. 13. 70 (yAv. verse and prose):

ta he jasinti avatshe

yest $& bavaintt anadzarata.

‘they shall come to his aid, if they are not distressed by him.’

(cf. the Indicative ya#zdyeinti in the similar passage yt. 13. 63.)

vd. 6. 28 (yAv. prose):

yesica ate nasivo fridyeitica puyetica kuda te varazyan aéte

you masdayasna.

‘and if these corpses be decayed and stinking, how shall these

Mazdayasnians do ?’

vd. 15. 22 (similarly also vd. 15. 16 and 40) (yAv. prose):

yest not haradram baraitt attada atte yot spana adaityo-

apharatram tiwisyan para atsam trixintam raesi cikaén baodd-

varstahe cidaya.

‘if he does not take care, then these dogs shall receive harm,

not being cared for according to the religion. For the wounds

of those that have received harm they shall pay the penalty with

the punishment of a Baodha-varshta.’

Asa parallel for this form of the conditional sentence containing

the Indicative and the Subjunctive we may quote Rv. 1. 161. 8:

r . r Zz r = o = , = = = i

yadi tan néva haryatha trtiyté gha savané madayadhva..

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 559

‘if ye accept not even this, surely ye shall have your joy at

the third pressing.’

A similar condition is presented in Greek by Odyss. 17.

475-476:

GAR et Tov mTwWyay ys Ueot xat épmvvEc stacy,

’Avtivooy mp0 ydpoco Tehog Cavdtoto xysty.

c. Indicative in the Protasis and Optative in the Apodosis.

a. Present tense in both Clauses.

Ihe rirotasis 1s iutnoduced ibys phe ener al

relative ya—-

yS02 902) (Gua. Verse):

kim hoi usta ahuram yi dragvodabis acsaimam vadayort.

‘whom do ye will as a lord for her, who (=if one?) might

strike down the wrath of the wicked ?’

b. Present tense in the Protasis and Aorist tense in the Apodosis.

i, Une WrOrasis 1S dincroOclueecl xy ule eemere)l

relative ya—-.-

ys. 65. 14 (yAv. prose):

yatca ahmat asti masyo yatca ahmat asti vawhd yatca ahmat

astt srayo yatca ahmat asti paro-aryastaram tat no dayata

yuzam yasata.

‘what is greater than this, and what is better than this, and

what is fairer than this, and what is more precious than this, that

ye should give unto us, ye angels !’

A similar condition containing the Indicative and the Optative

is found also in the Rig-Veda, e. g., Rv. 9.95. 5:

co)

indrasca yat ksayathah saubhagaya suviryasya patayah syama.

‘if thou and Indra are rulers for weal, we should be lords of

manly might.’

560 GRAY.

As a Greek example we may cite Aischylos Agamemn. 9o08-—

GAR st Ooxst aoe TDP, brat ttc Gosddas

Avot TAY OS.

d. Indicative in the Protasis and Injunctive in the Apodosis.

a. Present tn the Protasis and Preterite in the Apodosis.

tr. DhewProtasisms introducedtbyat meraem cman

relative ya—-

vd. 3. 26 (yAv. prose and verse) :

yo imam sam aiwi-varosyeitt

Gat aoxta im za : nara

‘whoso tilleth this earth, . . . then is the earth to say unto

him: (Okman ac

2 Phe Protasis 1sumtroduced by wee?

ys. 44. 15 (GAv. verse):

yest ahya asa por mat xsayehi

hyat him spada anaocawha jamaété

avas urvatas ya ti mazda Aidarazo

Rudra aya kahmai vananam dada.

‘if thou hast power through Asha over him to ward (him) off

from me, when the two hostile hosts shall come together through

those doctrines which thou, Mazda, dost desire to have main-

tained, unto which one of the twain art thou to give the victory ?’

e. Indicative in the Protasis and Imperative in the Apodosis.

a. Present tense tn both Clauses.

I. The Protasis is introduced by yeoz, yest:

ys. 34. 6 (GAv. verse):

yest aba sta haidim mazda asa vohii manawha

at tat mot daxstam data.

1 With regard to the uses of the Avestan Injunctive, especially where it is pre-

cisely equivalent to an Imperative, Subjunctive (as in this passage), Optative, or

even Indicative see the discussion to appear in Professor Jackson’s forthcoming

Avesta Syntax.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 561

‘if thus the world indeed (exists), O Mazda, Asha, and Vohu

Manah, then give me this sign.’ '

VtOw2 (yAws nese):

yest aht paurva-nacmat aat mam avi umanaya: yest paskat

dat mam avi apaya.

‘if thou art before, then await me; if (thou art) behind, then -

overtake me.’

The following parallels for this form of the conditional sen-

tence may be cited from the Rig-Veda, the Old Persian, and the

Greek.

IR ils Ae

yan nasatya paravati yad va stho adhi turavaseé

ato rathéna suvyta na a gata.

lo}

‘whether, O true ones twain, ye are afar, or here with Turvasa,

come unto us with well-rolling car.’

Bh. 4. 37-39:

tuvam ka «|Sayatiya| hya aparam ahy haca drauga darsam

patipayauva mar|tiva hya| draujana ahatiy avam ufrastam

parsa yadiy avada malniyahy| dahyausmaiy duruva ahatiy.

‘thou who art king hereafter, guard thyself fearfully from the

Lie. The men that shall be a liar, punish him well, if thou

shalt think thus: May my kingdom be safe!’

(Indicative in Protasis and Imperative in Apodosis. Another

conditional clause follows, which has the Subjunctive in the Pro-

tasis and the Imperative in the Apodosis. This latter clause is

followed in its turn by a Subjunctive in a Protasis without Apodo-

sis and by a Volitative Subjunctive.)

Sophokles Antig. 98 :

GAK €¢ COOKS GOL, OTELYE.

1Perhaps we might translate: ‘if indeed ye are thus, O Mazda and Asha,

through Vohu Manah.’ I have followed, however, the Pahlavi version which ren-

ders sta by sti ‘ world’ (Neryosang s7s¢7), and which sees in Vohi Mananhad an

instr. == nom.= voc.

562 GRAY.

b. Injunctive in the Protasis.

a. Injunctive in both Clauses.

a. Present tense in both Clauses.

1. The Protasis is introducediby thieremenay

relative ya—-

The appearance of the Injunctive in conditional sentences or

indeed in any construction save with the representative of the

Indo-Germanic *é ‘not’ developed late in the pre-Indo-Ger-

manic period.' The usage must have existed even then if we

may judge from the Vedic and Avestan languages. The most

primitive form of the conditions containing the Injunctive was

probably that in which the Injunctive appeared in the strong, or

root-aorist. From this Aorist was developed later the imperfect

Injunctive (Streitberg Verhand. der 44. Versammlung deutsch.

Philol. und Schulmeister 22. Sept., 1897, pp. 165-166).

ys. 32. 10 (GAv. verse) :

hvo ma na srava morondat ys actstam vatnaphée aogada

gam asibya hvaraca yasca dading dragvato dadat.

‘this man is to destroy my works who is to call the Cow and

sun a most evil thing to be seen with the two eyes, and who is

to give gifts unto the wicked.’

b. Aorist tense in both Clauses.

tthe Protasissis imino duced: bivagugca-

ys. 53. 1 (GAv. verse):

vahista its sravi zaradustrahé

spitamahya yest hot dat ayapta

asat haca ahurod masda.

‘the best wish is to be called Zarathushtra Spitama’s if Ahura

Mazda is to give him the boons in accordance with Asha.’

1See Delbriick Vgl. Synt. li. 352-357, 363-364, 373.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 563

Zine eRcotasisits imtrocdmceds yg tine: cenetayl

relative ya—-:

ys. 45. 5 (GAv. verse) :

yor mot ahmat ssraosaim dan cayasca

upa-jiman haurvata amaratata.

‘whosoever unto this one, even unto me, are to give obedience

and teaching, they are to come to Haurvatat and Ameretat ’

(i. e., Salvation and Immortality).

ys. 46. 13 (GAv. verse):

yi spitamam saradustram radawha

maratacsu xsnaus hvo na forasriidyat aradwo

at hot mazda ahum dadat ahuro

ahmai gacda vohu fradat manamha.

‘whosoever among mortals is to rejoice Spitama Zarathushtra

by liberality, that man (is) to be reputed upright: then to him

Mazda Ahura is to give life ; for him is Vohu Manah to prosper

herds.’

[Bartholomae Grundriss der iran. Philologie i. 231 regards

asnadus as nom. sg.,and not as a verb. See also Jackson

Zoroaster 84. |

b. Injunctive in the Protasis and Subjunctive in the Apodosis.

a. Present tense in the Protasis and Aorist tense in the Apodosis.

[new TOSS sentir oduced | bythe oener all

relative ya—-

vd. 18. 29 (yAv. prose) :

yasca mé attahe marazypahe yat paro-darsahe tanumazo gaus

dadat not dim yava azam yo ahurd mazda bitim vacim paiti-

pavasamno bua.

‘whosoever is to give to me the body-size of this bird, the

Paro-darsha, of meat, never shall I, Ahura Mazda, be question-

ing him twice.’ !

1 Following the tradition, we might render: ‘ whosoever is to give to this my

bird, the Paro-darsha (cock), its body-size of meat,’ etc.

564 GRAY.

II. REAL CoNDITIONS IN THE FUTURE—ANTICIPATORY CON-

DITIONS.

a. Subjunctive in the Protasis.

a. Subjunctive in Both Clauses.

a. The Present tense in both Clauses.

1, Vhe Protasisis imtroducedmby thie semernal

relative ya—-:

ys. 11. 5-6 (yAv. verse) :

yo mam tat draond zinadt va

trafyatl va apa va yasaiti

yat me dadat ahuro mazda .

nowt ahmi nimdane sanatite

avrava nacoa ravacsta

@at ahmi nmane zayante

dahakaca mirakaca.

‘whosoever shall take away from me, or shall steal from me,

or shall hold back from me that portion which, Ahura Mazda

gave_—me, +. . not in this house shall there be born preston

warrior, . . . then in this house shall be born both serpents

and vipers (?), etc.’

(Note the variant readings for sa@na@te: zanacte J 2. zanacti BH

1, zanaite Mf 2.K11.L 13, zanaiti I 6. 7.C1.L1.0 2, zaznartz

Lb 2.)

Vvs1 19-0) (WAV prose)

yasca mé actahmi awhvo yat astvainti spitama saradustra

bayam ahunahe vairyehe marat fra va maro dadranjayat fra va

dranjayo sravayat fra va sravayd yasaite briscit taro paratumeit

hé urvanam vahistam ahim fraparayent.

‘and whosoever in this material world, O Spitama Zarath-

ushtra, shall recite the portion of the Ahuna Vairya, or reciting

it shall pronounce it, or pronouncing it shall chant it, or chant-

ing it shall present it as a sacrifice, thrice I shall bring his soul

across the bridge into paradise.’

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 565

(Note marat J 2, mraot K 5 as variant readings for marat and

cf. the Indicative aparaodayete and the Subjunctive ¢axava in the

similar sentence ys. 19. 7.)

VSu oto ((GAv. verse):

ahma awhat vahistam ys mot vidva vaocat haidim

mavram yim haurvatato.

‘unto him shall be the best thing, whoso wisely shall proclaim

for me the true Word of Haurvatat.’

(Note vaccat K 5511-81. 3 3372 Vy 13) 2503. Bh),

vaocu J 6 as variant readings for vaocdat.)

ys. 46. 4 (GAv. verse) :

yastam xsadrat mazda moidat Jyataus va

hvo tang fro-ga padming hucistos carat.

‘whosoever, O Mazda, shall thrust him from kingdom and

from life, he shall come proceeding to the paths of good knowl-

edge.’

(Note the variant readings mo-vat P 6 for moat and carat

J Dy Bo Gs Uo deo dhe flo Mibe MS aio edi ase We Be OM ator aaa,

Vitj 13218 | (yANVen verse):

aat yo na his hubsrata barat

Jva asaonam fravasayo

sasta datwhius hamo-xsavro

ho awharti zasustamo

awsayo kascit masyanam

yo vohu-baratam baraite

midram yim vouru-gaoyaotim

arstatamca fradat-gatdam varadat-gacdvam.

‘then whatsoever sovereign ruler of the land while alive shall

treat well these Fravashis of the righteous, he shall be a prince

most rich in gain whosoever of men (he be), who (=if he) treateth

well Mithra, lord of wide pastures, and Arshtat who maketh the

world increase, who maketh the world multiply.’

(Note the variant reading davat F 1. Pt 1.E1.L 18. P 13 for

barat.)

566 GRAY.

vd. 7.23 (yAv. prose):

kat ta nara yaosdayan aphan asaum ahura mazda ya nasaum

Jrapuharat.

‘how shall those men be purified, O righteous Ahura Mazda,

who shall eat a corpse.’

(For the number of frawuharadt see Jackson Av. Gramm.

§ 915.4; note also the variant reading frawharat Mf 2. and cf. the

Indicative fradarant in the similar sentence in Vd. 7. 25 above.)

vd. 7. 36-37 (yAv. prose) :

yat acte yo. mazdayasna baésasai fravazante kataro paurvo

amayante mazdayasnaiibyd va datvayasnacibyo va. dat mraot

ahuro mazda daévayasnacibyo paurvo amayayanta yada maz-

dayasnaéibyascit. yat paotrim daévayasnod karantat ava ho

miryaite yat bitim daévayasno karantat ava ho miryaite .

anamato 21 aéso yavaeca yavactataca.

‘if these Mazdayasnians shall betake themselves to the heal-

ing art, which first shall they try their healing upon, Mazdayas-

nians or Daéva-worshippers (see Jackson Av. Gramm. § 925 n.) ?

Then spake Ahura Mazda: They shall try their healing

first on the Daéva-worshippers before the Mazdayasnians. If he

shall operate first on a Daéva-worshipper and he shall die, if for

a second time he shall operate on a Daéva-worshipper and he

shall die, . . . he (is) incapable forever and forever more.’

(Note the variant readings amayaointi K1. P1 prim. man. for

amayante, amayanta Injunctive for Subjunctive Br 1,L1. In vd.

7. 39 Mf 2 once has forantat for korontat.)

2. The Protasis is introduced by yedi, yeast:

yt. 19. 43 (yAv. verse):

yest bavani paranayu

sam caxram karanavane

asmanam radam Rkaranavane.

‘if I shall become matured, I shall make the earth my wheel,

I shall make the heaven my chariot.’

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 567

vd. 3. 14 (yAv. prose):

yest && barat aévo yat tristam upa va nasus raedwat nawhanat

haca casmanat haca.

“if he shall bear the corpse alone, then the Nasu shall defile

him by the nose, by the eye.’

(Note the variant reading édavat Jp 1. Mf 2. Bri. Ml 2 for

barat.)

vd. 6. 47 (yAv. prose):

yest nowt didarazyante actada hé aéte sind va karafs-x’ ard vayo

va korefs-x’ard actapham astam avi apamca urvaranamca

barantam frajasat.

‘if they shall not fasten it down, then either these corpse-eat-

ing dogs or corpse-eating birds shall carry some of these bones

both to the waters and to the plants.’

vd. 15. 4 (yAv. prose; cf. vd. 15. 6):

yezica aéte asti datahva arante garamohva vidante yat va avte

garama «arava stamanam va hisvam va apa-dazat ahmat haca

irisyat. yest tat pati trisyeiti aihat haca syaodnavaraza ada

bavainti paso-tanva.

‘and if these bones shall get between his teeth, or shall be

stuck in his throat, or if this warm food burns his mouth or his

tongue, he shall perish from that. Thereupon if he perishes from

that, those who did that deed become damned.’

(Note the variant reading dazat Jp 1. Mf 2. L 1. 2. K 10 for

daiat). ;

6. Present tense in the Protasts and Aorist tense in the Apodosts.

ithe rota sts mismintnoduced: by the: eeneral

relative ya—-

ys. 46. 6 (GAv. verse):

at yastam nowt na tszmnod ayat

adrijo hvo daman havya gat.

‘then whosoever shall not come when bidden, he shall go unto

the true creations of the Druj.’

568 GRAY.

c. Aorist tense in both Clauses.

i the Protasistisminmtmodiced™ by wy7aa7.

ys. 48. 1 (GAv. verse):

yest adas asa drigam vanwhaiti .. .

at tot savais vahmam vaxsat ahura.,

“if in time to come (? cf. the Pahlavi translation and gloss:

pavan zak dalasnd | pavan tand i pasinod|) Asha shall conquer

the Druj, ... then because of thy mercies the prayer shall in-

crease for thee, O Ahura.’

ad. Aorist tense in the Protasis and Present tense in the Apodosis.

I. The Protasis 1s 1mtroduced. by. the oenterar

relative ya—-

ys. 45. 3 (GAv. verse) :

yo im vi not 9a madram varasanti

yard tim mInadica vaocaca

acibyo awhsius avot awhat apamam.

‘whoso of you shall not do the Word even as I both think and

speak it, unto them shall the last day of the world be for the

destruction.’

(Note the variant readings varasantiC 1.K 11.0 2., varasante Ip

1 for varasanti. With avo here cf. avactas ys. 31. 20 and see Jack-

son A Hymn of Zoroaster 54. The tradition regards manaz and

vaoca as locatives rather than as verbs, but cf. Jackson Av,

Gramm. § 651, Bartholomae Grundr. der iran. Philol. 210.)

Here again we find similar forms of the conditional sentence

with the Subjunctive in both clauses in Sanskrit, Old Persian, and

Greek.

Rv. 2.

pele

yas tubhyam dasan na tam anho asnavat.

‘whosoever shall serve thee, distress shall not visit him.’

Dar. Pers. e. 22—24.

yadiy kara parsa pata ahatiy hya duvais|ta\m Siyatts axsta

hauveiy aura nirasatiy abiy imam vidam.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX, 569

‘if the Persian follx shall be protected, there shall descend upon

this house through the Lord that peace which shall be forever-

more.”

et OE x8 pH OWOYOM, sw OE xEv ADTOS Ehopac.

b. Subjunctive in the Protasis and Indicative in the Apodosis.

a. The Present tense in both Clauses.

1. The Protasis isintroduced by the general

relative ya—-

WSs Delo iss) (Gua, wes)

ya daénad vatrim hanat mizdam

asahya yasa asim yam tsyam ahurod masata mazda.

‘what (= if any) faith shall merit the wished-for reward, that

desirable blessing of Asha I seek which Ahura Mazda is to

multiply.’

ViSiG ua (VAN WeESE)

vispacibyo sastim baraite

atars mazda ahurahe

yacibyo acm ham-pacarte

wsafnimca siirimca.

‘unto all doth the Fire of Mazda Ahura bear proclamation,

for whom he shall cook the evening and the morning meal’ (or

‘the repast and the banquet ’—see Darmesteter Etud. Iranienn.

ii 161-162 as compared with Le Zend-Avesta i 389 n. 24).

(Note the variant reading pacaiti Pt. 4. 1.Mf.3. Pd. H. 1. 2. P

6.F 1.3 9.K 7c. 15 for pacaite.)

yt. 10. 9 (yAv. verse) :

yatara va dim paurva frayazartt

Jraorat fraxsnt avi mano

zarazdatoit anuhyat haca

ataradra fraorisyetti

miro yo vouru-gaoyaoitts.

1 For other renderings of this crux hyd duvais[ta]m siyatis axsta see Oppert Le

‘peuple, . , des Médes 199; Bartholomae Ar. Forsch, ii 100-102, cf. Grundr.

der iran. Philol. i 227 ; Spiegel Altpers. Keilinschr.2 114-115; Foy KZ. XXXV. 49.

ANNALS N, Y. ACAD. Sci., XII, May 22, 1900—36

570 GRAY.

‘whosoever first shall worship him very zealously in mind,

from devotion of the soul, thitherward turneth Mithra, lord of

wide pastures.’

(Cf. the Indicative frayazante in the similar passage yt. 13. 47.)

vd. 13. 3 (yAv. prose) :

yasca dim janat spitama zaradustra spanam sizdram urvisaram

yim vanhaparam, .. . nava-naptyaccit he urvanam para-

marancatte.

‘and whosoever, O Spitama Zarathushtra, shall kill the dog

with spiny back (?) and sharp snout (?), Vanhapara, . . . he

doth destroy his soul unto the ninth generation.’

(Cf. the Indicative jazvti in the similar passage vd. 13. 8.)

2. The Protasis is introduced by yeoz, yesz-

yt. 5. 63 (yAv. prose and verse) :

hazavram te asam saodranam ... barani.. .

yest jum frapayemt

aot sam ahuradatam.

‘a thousand libations shall I offer thee, . . . if I come alive

to this earth created by Ahura.’

yt. 14. 52-53 (yAv. prose and verse) ;

yest SE mayo gaurvayal . .

para batsaza hacaite

_vara8raynd ahuradato = -

hamatta aryabyo daithubyo votyna jasantt.

‘ifa bandit shall partake of it, . . . Victory created by Ahura

doth draw back his healing might. Continually on the Aryan

lands shall come plagues,’ etc.

(Note the variant reading of an Optative gaurvayoit K 38. M 4.

M1 2 for gaurvaydt.)

vd. 13. 49 (yAv. prose):

nowt me nmanam vidato histanti zam paiti ahuradatam yest me

nowt awhat spa pasus-haurvod va vishaurvo va.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 571

‘nor doth a house stand established for me upon the earth

created by Ahura, if there shall not be a dog guarding the flock

or guarding the village.’

As parallels from the Sanskrit and the Greek for conditional

sentences having the Subjunctive and the Indicative we may

quote :

Revue Abii Te

yasmai tvam sukrte jatavida u lokam agné krnavah syonam

asvinam sa putrinam viravantam gomantam rayim nasaté

suasti.

‘for what pious man thou, O Jatavéda Agni, shalt make a

pleasant place, he gaineth for his weal wealth of horses, sons,

heroes, and kine.’

Euripides Alkestis, 671-672:

qv 0 eric Eh0y Udvatoc, obdeic Bovietac

Jvyoxsv, TO yhoacg 0 odxet Fat avtorc Baov.

c. Subjunctive in the Protasis and Optative in the Apodosis.

a. The Present tense in both Clauses.

Ii dihe we rotasic isintroduced by the, general

; relative ya—-

ys. 30. 9 (GAv. verse) :

atca tot vaem hyama you im forasim karanaun ahum.

‘and then should we be for thee the ones who [=if any ?]

may make the world prepared.’

Wiis Ws Oh == We, OA, 1 (Gen Wome)

usta buyat ahmat natre

yasa Owa bida frayasiite.

‘well may it be for that man, who shall continually worship

Ehiees

yt. 14. 48 (yAv. prose) :

yat maxyaka frayazante varadrayno ahuradato . . . nowt wWra

arya dainhavo fras hyat haéna noit voiyna.

572 _ GRAY,

‘if men shall worship Victory created by Ahura (cf. Jackson

Av. Gramm. § 926 n.), . . . here upon the Aryan lands should

come neither horde nor plague.’

(Note the Optatives awesacyaras and fras hyat in both Clauses

of the similar sentence yt. 8. 56.)

2. The Protasis is introduced iby yj aocmeiagce

vd. 16. 7 (yAv. prose) :

yest aparanayuko frasnavat sasta hé paotrim frasnadayan,

‘if an infant shall touch her, they should wash his hands first.’

vd. 8. 3 (yAv. prose) ;

yest attym nmansm upa-bsradwotaram ava-zanan ava aetym

nmanam barayan avada iristam harazayan upa actam nmanam

baodayan.

‘if they shall perceive this house more portable, they should

bear this house away ; they should leave the corpse there: they

shall perfume this house.’

(The Subjunctive baodayan seems to express a command valid in

any case, whether the corpse be brought to the dakhma, or the

dakhma be built around the corpse.)

vd. 16. 8 (yAv. prose) :

yest nairika vohunis atwi-vacnat yat hé drayo xsafna sacante

arime gatum hé nishidacta.

‘if the woman shall see blood when her three nights shall have

elapsed, she should sit in her place of isolation.’

(Note the variant readings Subjunctive for Optative mzShidaite

Mf. 2. wzshadaita Jp. 1. and Indicative for Optative mshadazti

Kla. n2shadata L 4.)

b. Present tense in the Protasis and Aorist tense in the Apodosis.

i. The Protasis is introduced by theyseneral

relative ya—-.:

ys. 68. 10-12 (yAv. prose) :

yo v6 apo vawnuhis yasaite ... ahmai vahistam ahim asaonam

vraocapham vispo-xadram dayata vanuhis apo.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 573

‘whosoever of you shall worship the good waters, . . . unto

him should ye give, O good waters, the best life of the righteous,

radiant, all-glorious.’

The following are examples of conditional sentences in San-

skrit, Old Persian, and Greek, which have the Subjunctive in the

Protasis and the Optative in the Apodosis.

Revise elerlelie:

yad didyavah prtanasu prakrilan tasya vam syama sanitara ach.

‘when the arrows shall play amid the battles, we should be

victors of that booty.’

Bh. 4. 54-50:

yadiy imam

hadugam nay apagaudayahy karahya Jvahy auramazda duvam

dausta biya u[tataiy tauma| vasiy biya uta dargam jiva.

‘if thou shalt not conceal this edict, (but) shalt tell it to the

people, Auramazda should be thy friend, and thy family should

be many, and thou shalt live long.’ !

Aristophanes Nephel. 116-118.

qv obvy padyc poe TOV GOecxoyv ToVToY doxoy,

0. vov Osthw Oto oe, TOUTWY THY YoEoy,

obx dy dzodetmy ob0 dy bBehov dvdevt.

d. Subjunctive in the Protasis and Injunctive in the Apodosis.

a. The Present tense in both Clauses.

if Phe enor stsmismmtrgodmced by shire seme all

relative ya—-

yt. 11. 4-5 (yAv. prose) :

yasca saradustra imat uxdam vaco fravaocat .. . noit dim

yava...arvvi .. . aot ava-spasnaot.

‘whosoever, O Zarathushtra, shall pronounce this spoken

WOLd@s 21. never him... isthe wicked many... 2 to spy.’

1On jiva@ as a Subjunctive see Bartholomae ZDMG. XLVI. 295, and Grundr. der

iran. Philol. i. 201. This view is sustained by the Precative in the Babylonian

version (1. 102) wméka lirikn. Cf. also the Elamitic rendering éakataktine and see

Weisbach Achimeniden-inschriften zweit. Art. 52 and Foy ZDMG. LII. 580

Anm. 4, 582.

574 GRAY:

2, Hhe Protasisms untroducedypyn W227

vd. 5. 14 (yAv. prose) :

yest not atte mazdayasna aéttam kahrpam hvara-darasim

karanavan yara-ara@o avavantam asavaynya tam cidam dacsayo.

‘if these Mazdayasnians shall not make this corpse beheld by

the sun for the length of a year, thou art to teach so great a

penalty as for the murder of a righteous man.’

vd. V1. 12i(et veda 13) Gvenptose))e:

yest aphat upactam va atwi-naptim va awi-iritim va aiwi-

vantim va actada hi atte mazdayasna acta vastra fraca karantan

nica kanayan.

‘if it shall be stained with either semen, or matter, or ordure, or

vomit, then are these Mazdayasnians to tear up these garments,

and they should bury them.’

(In this last example the use of the Optative Zazayan beside

the Injunctive arantan is noteworthy. On the other hand, the

lateness of the passage should warn us against pressing too

strongly the fundamental distinctions between the two moods. )

As an example of the conditional sentence having the Sub-

junctive in the Protasis, and the Injunctive in the Apodosis in

the Rig-Veda we may cite Rv. 4. 30. 23:

uta nunam yad indriyam karisya indra paunsyam

adya nakis tad a muinat.

‘and now whatever heroic, manly deed thou shalt perform,

O Indra, that no one is to minish to-day.’

e. Subjunctive in the Protasis and no finite form of the verb in the

Apodosis. |

a. Present tense in the Protasis.

rn Dhe Protasis issmirodmcedwbyamueece

vd. 5. 4 (similarly also vd. 5. 7, cf. vd. 8. 34) (yAv. prose):

yesica atte nasavd . . . naram astryeintim anhat isara-Sstaitya

mé vispo amhus astva tsasam pit-asam araodat-urva poso-tanus.

‘and if these corpses . . . shall defile man, straightway (will

or would be) all my material world desiring the destruction of

righteousness, with hardened soul, and damned.’

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 575

B ADEAE CONDITIONS:

Optative in the Protasis.

I. IpbEAL CONDITIONS IN THE FUTURE-POSSIBLE CONDITIONS.

a. Optative in both Clauses.

a. The Present tense in both Clauses.

1. The Protasis is introduced by the general

relative ya—-.:

ys 43. 3 (GAv. verse) :.

at hvo vanhius vahyo na abi-jamyat

ys na arasus savawho pado sisoit.

‘then should this man come unto what is better than good,

who justly should teach the pathways of weal.’

ys. 50. 2 (GAv. verse):

kada mazda ranyo-skaratim gam isasoit

yo him ahinai vastravaitim stoi usyat.

‘how, O Mazda, should one desire the Cow joy-giving ? who-

soever (= if any one) should wish her (to be) well pastured for _

this world.’ !

b. Present tense in the Protasis and Perfect tense in the Apodosts.

If Cone wenorasis is introduced) by wyzo7:

yt. 8. 11 = yt. 10. 55 and 74 (yAv. prose and verse) :

yeor st ma masyaka aoxto-namana yasna yasayanta .

Sra naruyo asavaoyo

Owarstahe sr ayu susuyam .. .

upa Vwarstahe jaymyam.

‘if indeed men should honor me with worship in which my

name is mentioned, . . . forth would I be arrived at the appointed

time for the righteous men, . : . forth would I be come at the ap-

pointed time’.

(Note the variant reading yazznti J 10 for yazayanta.)

1If we depart from the tradition, we may also render: ‘how, O Mazda, should

he desire the Cow joy-giving, who should wish her (to be) well pastured for this

world ??

576 GRAY.

b. Optative in the Protasis and Indicative in the Apodosis.

a. The Present tense in both Clauses.

rt. The Protasts istimtcoduced vby wage:

vd. 6. 4 (yAv. prose):

yest masdayasna tam zam karayan yest apo harazayan yat ahmi

spanasca narasca para-iridintt antarat naemat yara-drayo ka hé

asti cia.

‘If the Mazdayasnians should cultivate that land, if they should

let the waters flow where either dogs or men perish within the

course of a year, what is the penalty ?’

For similar conditions with the Optative in the Protasis and

the Indicative in the Apodosis in Sanskrit and Greek we may

cite the following :

Rv .0s0 7/4 LO:

asvina yad dha karhi cic chusrityatam imam havam

vasvir i su vam bhiyah pracanti su vam prcah.

‘O Asvins, if at any time ye should hear this prayer, your

benefits, good indeed, prepare delights for you.’

Iliad 10. 222-223:

GAR et tig prot Gyno dw exoeto xat Gddos,

palhoyv dairwpn xat Vapoakswtepov gota.

c. Optative in the Protasis and Subjunctive in the Apodosis.

a. The Present tense n both Clauses.

I.- Lhe Protasis is introduced by the czenerat

relative yva—-

ys. 50. 3 (GAv. verse) :

atcit ahmai mazda asa anhaiti

yam hot xsadra vohuca cost manawha

yo na asois aojawha varadayacta

yam nasdistam gacvam dragva baxsait.

‘Then indeed, O Mazda, shall he have (the Cow), which the

Kingdom and the Good Mind promised, whosoever through the

strength of piety should increase the nearest land which the

wicked man doth share.’

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. D577

ys. 10. 8 (yAv. verse):

yo yada pudram taurunam

haomam vandaeta masyo

| fra abyo tanubyo

haomo visaite baéSazdat.

‘whatever man should welcome Haoma even as a tender son,

Haoma shall come unto their bodies for healing.’

(Note the variant readings vandaita, B 3. M 1, vandaiti L 13.

Lb 2.K 11. Bb 1 for vandaéta, and visaéte Pt 4, visaite J 3. Mf 2

DiSOUD Ad) Ge fol pe Oa Col. 2. Oo One. Bb LW ozsaria es

for vis dite).

2, WING JrOLASIS 1S whalerOChweESch oy VGOR, WORE &

vd. 6. 3 (yAv. prose) :

yest masdayasna tam zam kavayan yest apo harazayan yat

ahmt spanasca narasca para-widinti antarat naémat yara-drayjo

nasuspacim pascaéta astryante atte yot mazdayasna apasca

Zamasca urvarayassca.

‘if the Mazdayasnians should cultivate that land, if they

should let the waters flow, where either dogs or men perish

within the course of a year, then shall these Mazdayasnians de-

file with corpse-burial both waters, and lands, and plants.’

(Cf. the Optative and Indicative in the similar passage vd. 6.

4 and the Subjunctive and Indicative in vd. 6. 8. It is also in-

teresting to observe the implied remoteness of the possibility of

such a defilement, as contrasted with the positive future certainty

of the penalty if the defilement is committed.—Professor Jack-

son.)

vd. 9. 47 (yAv. prose) :

yesica hd na paiti-hincoit yo noit apivataite datnaya mazda-

yasnos yaosdadryat haca kuda aéttat druxs parandite ya haca

wrista upa jvantam upa-dvasaite kuda aétat nasu porandaite ya

haca trista upa jvantam upa-raédwayeitt.

‘and if this man should sprinkle who should not be cognizant

of the Mazdayasnian religion in accordance with purification,

578 GRAY.

how then shall that Druj be combated, who pounceth from the

dead onto the living, how then shall [that Nasu be combated,

who mingleth from the dead onto the living ?’

(Note the variant reading apavaitd ME. 2. for apivataite.)

6. Aorist tense in the Protasis and Present tense in the Apodosis.

1. The Protasis is introduced bys theraenetal

relative ya:—

ys. 46. 10 (GAv. verse) :

yo va moi na zana va masda ahura

aayat awhius ya th voista vahista .

ro tas vispars cinvato frafra paratim.

‘whosoever, either man or woman, should give me in this

world what thou, O Mazda Ahura, dost deem best, . . . forth

with them all I shall come unto the Cinvat-bridge.’

The conditional sentence containing the Optative in the Pro-

tasis and the Subjunctive in the Apodosis is not absolutely un-

cnown to the Sanskrit, although examples are very rare. Asa

k to the Sanskrit, althoug! pl A

possible instance we may cite Rv. 8. 40.1:

indragni yuvam su nah sahanta dasatho rayim

yena arlha samatsva vili cit sahisimah.

‘Indra and Agni, mighty ones, ye shall give wealth to us,

whereby (= if by it?) we should gain what is fixed and fast.’

II. IbEAL ConDITIONS IN THE PAST—UNFULFILLED CONDITIONS.

a. Optative in both Clauses.

a. The Present Tensezin both Clauses.

1. [he Protasisiswntrodweed by wean

yt. 8. 52-54 (yAv. prose and verse) :

yeol si azam noit daidyam spitama saradustra aom staram yim

LUSUV UML.)

hamahe si mé ida ayan hamaya va xsapo

aa pairika ya duzyarya

vispahe awhius astvato

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. Ono

parot paridnam awhvam ava-hisidyat

aca paraca dvaraiti,

‘if indeed I should not have created, O Spitama Zarathushtra,

that star Tishtrya, . . . verily all the day and all the night this

Pairika Duzhyairya would seem (?) a bond (?) before the life

(?) of this material world, (as), she rusheth to and fro.’?

yt. 13. 12-13 (yAv. prose and verse) :

yelol st me noit daioit upastam uyra asdunam fravasayo noit

me 10a

anhatam pasvira

ya sto saradanam vahista

arujo aogara arujo xsadram

arujo astva awhus awhat . .

hazdyat ... vaonyat . . . upa-dayat.

‘if indeed the awful Fravashis of the righteous should not

have given me aid, then I shall not have cattle or men, which

are the two best things of the kind; the power will belong to

the Druj, the kingdom will belong to the Druj, the material

world will belong to the Druj, . . . would use violence,

would conquer, . . . would yield.’

(The interchange of the Optatives hazdyat, vaonyat, and upa-

dayat with the Perfect Subjunctives ahat and ashatszm has

already been noted by Bartholomae Altiran. Verb. 189-190.

The general sense of the passage seems to be an Unfulfilled

rather than a Possible Condition. )

b. Optative in the Protasis and Subjunctive in the Apodosis.

a. Lhe Present tense in both Clauses.

i hem nokasis is tmtroduced byiyerod:

vd. 1. 1 (yAv. prose):

yer zt azam noit daidyam spitama szaradustra asd ramo-

daitim not kudat satim vispo awhus astva airyanam vaczo

trasnvat. Q

1 Professor Jackson suggests that Azszdyat may be a reduplicated form of the

Av. 7/ sad, Old P. 1/ dad ‘seem,’ and that pazrdia may be from the 1/ Zax ‘stretch’

+ patti. The genitive azhvam would then be governed by the preposition parar?.

580 GRAY.

‘if I should not have created, O Spitama Zarathushtra, a

place joy-giving, (although really) not pleasant anywhere, all

the material world will come to Iran Véj.’

(For this strange use of the Subjunctive, apparently due to

the loss of feeling for the finer mood-distinctions, compare the

interchange of the moods in the preceding example.)

As examples of the conditional sentence containing the Op-

tative in both clauses in Sanskrit and Greek we may cite the

following passages:

RV. 8.944522

yad agné syam aham tvam tvam va gha sya aham

syus té satya thasisah.

‘if I should be thou, Agni, or thou shouldst be I, thy wishes

should come true.’

Iliad 7. 28:

GAR et prot te TeoLo, TO xEV TOAD xEOdLOY Et.

In the case of the Condition of Unfulfilled Ideality the Greek

has made an innovation on the Indo-Germanic form by substitu-

ting the Indicative for the Optative. This change renders the

sentence more vivid, since it brings to the front the actual state

caused by the actual unfulfillment of the condition. Cf. for

example Iliad 5. 679-680:

zat vo x &te whgovac ’Avztwy xtdve Oto¢ > Odvaceve,

et wn do OSL vonas peas xopvdatohos ” Extwp.

Yet in the Greek we find relics of the more primitive con-

struction. For example, we have the Optative in the Apodosis

of an Unreal Condition in Iliad 2. 80-81 :

et pev tes TOY Ovscnoyv “Ayarw@y Ahhoz EvoTtEyY,

~ '

evd0g xev yatusy zat voorLotusia uadhov.

Cases are not wanting of the original form of this condition

with the Optative in both Clauses, as we see in Iliad 23. 274—

278.

gt psy vov et dddw aePievoepev ° Ayacot,

5 ~ 5 -) \ 5 ' '

7 T dy érw ta Tp@Ta haBov xhaomvos CEpotpyy.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 581

The Latin stands nearer to the Indo-Germanic syntax in this

form of the conditional sentence than the Greek, e. ¢., Cicero, de

Sele cil lig:

guae si exequi nequirem, tamen me lectulus oblectaret meus.

In like manner we find the Subjunctive and not the Indicative

in Unfulfilled Conditions in Germanic, ec. ¢., Otfrid 2. 3.46:

thaz éina uuari uns nussi, habétin uur thre uutzzi.

‘that one thing were good for us, had we that knowledge’

(cf. also Erdmann, Untersuchungen tiber die Synt. der Sprache

Otfrids i. 108-111).

CA DERE CLIVE (EON DIMIONS:

Under this rubric we may place those conditional sentences

whose Protasis contains no finite form of the verb. Such sen--

tences are “defective’ in so far as they cannot be classified un-

der any of the classes already discussed, since we have seen that

the verb of the Protasis determines the class to which a condi-

tional sentence belongs. The omitted verb in Indo-Iranian as

well as in Indo-Germanic is generally the copula as ‘to be.’

The following examples from the Avesta may serve to illustrate

the Defective Condition.

a. Indicative in the Apodosis.

ys. 31. 2 (GAv. verse) :

yest Ms nowt urvané adva aibi-dorasta vahya

at va vispang ayo yada ratum ahuro vacda.

‘if through these things the better path for the soul (is) not

in sight, then I come to you all, as Ahura knows the judge.’

(For aéi-dorasta as locative cf. the Pahlavi translation madam

nikézisnih, similarly also ys. 50.5. See further, Jackson, A

Hymn of Zoroaster, 22-24).

582 GRAY.

b. Subjunctive in the Apodosis.

yt. 10. 19 (yAv. verse):

ahmai natma usjasaiti

miro giantd upa-thisto

yahma natmanam midro-druxs

nacoa mainyu parti-paite.

‘unto. that side shall Mithra proceed, angry (and) displeased,

on which side (is) the Mithra-druj, neither shall he protect him-

self against the two spirits.’

A similar Defective Condition having the Imperative in the

Apodosis is found in Rv. 1. 14. 8:

ye yejatra ya tdyas te te pibantu jihvaya.

‘whosoever (are) to be honored or (are) to be praised, let

them drink with thy tongue.’

A similar omission of the verb in the Protasis is very com-

mon in the younger Avestan when the Protasis is introduced by

the formula yes: not ‘otherwise. This Avestan phenomenon

is precisely the same as the Greek usage with ¢¢ dé py.

a. Subjunctive in the Apodosis.

vd. 13. 31 (yAv. prose):

yest noit spa avaca va addityo-xratus pasim va naram va

racsyat para he irisinto ratsam cikayat baodd-varstahe civdaya.

‘otherwise the dog without giving voice or being mad shall

wound either beast or man. One shall atone for the wound of

the injured man with the atonement of a Baodha-varshta.’

(Note the thematic Subjunctive cekayat found as a variant

reading for the Subjunctive cekayat—Jackson, Av. Gramm.

§ 551—in K1. Mf 2.)

b. Optative in the Apodosis.

vd. 16. 2, 7 (yAv. prose) :

yest nowt nairika atrem aiwi-vacnat yest noit nairika abre ra-

oxsnan paiti-didyat . . . yest noit nairika niurucdyat.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 583

‘otherwise the woman shall see the fire, otherwise the woman

would behold the light of the fire. . . otherwise the woman

would grow too weak’ (cf. Darmesteter, Le Zend-Avesta Trad.

ii. 232 n. 11 for this last word. The interchange here between

the Subjunctive azw-vaénat and the following Optatives is a mark

of the lateness of this particular passage. )

c. Imperative in the Apodosis.

vd. 8. 17 (yAv. prose) : .

yes noit upa vi spitama saradustra spanam sairitam cadru-

casmam not spactam sairi-gaosam xsvasayacit tada atta pada

vivadayantu.

‘otherwise let them cause to go six times along these ways,

O Spitama Zarathushtra a yellow dog with four eyes, or a white

one with yellow ears.’

As an example of a similar Defective Condition in Greek we

may cite Aristophanes, Nephel. 1433:

M00¢ TAVTA pn TUTT: et O& PH, GaVTOY TOT attidese.

Instances are not lacking in the Avesta of conditional sentences

which are not introduced by any conditional particle or pronoun

whatsoever. As an example we may cite:

vd. 5. 1-2 (yAv. prose) :

na tat para-iridyett avi jafnavo raonam a tat marayam us-

vazaite haca barasnavo gairinam avi jafnavo raonam. ... na

tat frasusaiti haca jafnavod raonam avi barasnavd gairinam upa

tam vanam acitt yam hd marayo are aesman isaitti. . . ka hé

astt cia.

‘a man perishes in the depths of the valleys ; a bird goes from

the heights o: the mountains to the depths of the valleys; .

a man proceeds from the depths of the valleys to the heights of

the mountams|; he comes to that tree where the bird is; he

wishes fuel for the fire; . . . what is his penalty ?’

_ The same type of sentence is found in other languages as well.

Cf. for instance a Latin example, where conditions with and with-

out a conditional particle stand side by side, in Juvenal, 3. 100—

TOL:

584 GRAY.

rides, maiore cachinno

concutitur ; flet, st lacrimas adspexit amct.

With regard to the tenses of the Subjunctive, Optative, and

Injunctive in the conditional sentences of the Avesta, I have not

been able to detect any difference in force between the Present

and the Aorist. The distinction which exists in some languages,

such as Greek, between the Aorist and the Present seems to be

entirely lacking in Avestan. This is the same conclusion as was

reached by Jolly in 1872 (Conj. u. Opt. 20-21).

Variations in mood in the same verb when it is repeated in a

parallel passage or in different manuscripts of the same passage

are rather frequent. The following examples may be collected

from the texts considered above.

A. Indicative beside Subjunctive: /rinaitt ys. 62.9: Gfrinat

vd. 18. 26, sa@udaite ys. 11.6: sdnaite Mf 2. K.11. L 13, sanaite

J 62.796 Te Ly 1012). marat..ys, L9NOT Pt 4. Sule ivit ale 2 eke

Bb 1: marat J. 2, vaocat ys. 31.6 J 2. Pt 4. Mf 1. 2. Jp. 1. K 4.

3%. Pd. ds, Dh 1.(8°2 3 vaocas Ko. VS Ae Di Seen) oben eee

L 13. 2. 3. Bb 1, carat ys.46. 4 K 4.10. Jm. 1.L1: carat J 2.

3.6. 7. Pt. 4.8 1. Mf 2. Jp. 1. L. 13. 2. 3. O 2, daraz yt. 13. 18

Mf-3.-K-13.-14. 38. Lb. 5. H.5.5 10): davaz F 1. Pt lB ets:

P 13. (cf. vd. 13. 14), ham-pacaite ys. 62.7 Pt 4.1. Mf. 3. Pd.

Hil. P6. Mf l. Ip1. Kh 4.36.5 9. 259 25K Jabs ya

pacts Pt4. 1. Mi. 3. Pd. 1.22 PGE edt Ol Keel os

B. Optative beside Subjunctive: gaurvayat yt. 14.52 F1.E 1.

K 16. Jm4.L11. Pt. 1.L18.P 13.03: gaurvayot K 38. M.

1. Ml 2, zShidaiti vd. 16. 8 Mf 2 and z7Shadaita Jp 1 and Indic-

atives miShadaiti K la and nishadata 4: nishidacta L 2. Br. 1.

L 1. K 10, visate ys. 10.8 M 1. J 2, and Indicatives visazte J 3.

Mf 2. and visaztz. K. 4.36. 7.0m 1) -P 6. Cle L223 Op2s Bbate

visacte Pt. 4.

A somewhat similar phenomenon is the use of different modes

in the Apodoses of a single Protasis. Thus in the Apodoses of

the conditional sentence in Vd. 18. 69—70 we find in one the Sub-

junctive fravinuyat and in the other the Optative fradarozt.

The lateness of the passage arouses one’s suspicion. It is to be

nferred from the passages which we have cited that the Sub-

CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYNTAX. 589

junctive and Indicative are most liable to be interchanged. The

possible ground for this is the fact that the Subjunctive and the

indicative are the most vivid moods. On the other hand, the

majority of these interchanges between the Subjunctive and the

Indicative are certainly only apparent. They are due to the fre-

quent confusion in the Avestan manuscripts of the signs for @

and @ (compare on this Jackson, Av. Gram., § 18, note 1). It is

noteworthy that an interchange between the Optative and Indica-

tive is scarcely found without some of the manuscripts showing

a Subjunctive as well. Especial emphasis is to be laid on the

fact that the older the Avestan texts are, the more accurate are

the distinctions in the use of the moods. Thus we find that the

Gathas are the most exact in their use of Indicative, Subjunctive,

Optative, and Injunctive, while in certain portions of the Vendi-

dad a confusion reigns which is almost hopeless, so far had the

feeling for the language decayed.

Concluston.—In the light of the examples which have been

given in discussing the problem of the conditional sentences in

Avestan, one important fact becomes clear. This fact is that

the conditions are capable of exact classification, and that their

types are as clearly defined as are those of the conditional sen-

tences of Sanskrit or of Greek. More than this, we see that the

types of the conditional sentences in Avestan are quite the same

as those which meet us in the Vedic language, and that in one

instance—the Unfulfilled Condition—the Avestan type is older

than the Greek. The inference which is to be drawn from these

proofs of the antiquity of the Avestan syntax in regard to the

conditional sentences is the necessity of emphasizing the impor-

tance of a strict adherence in the interpretation of the Avestan

texts to the laws of the great body of Indo-Germanic syntax.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY,

March, 1899.

ANNALS N, Y. ACAD. Sct., XII, May 26, 1900—37.

INDEX RERUM.

ANREP OMUCLLON S. Sec Nier odes dared eslels SaEE NOE ER On UO Sch ee eR eA aR EET aOR eT Teeeoee 549-553.

Ay REAL CONDITIONS -ecnes cas estes marc are seen son seeelican oteie con aee snare chee 554-575.

I, Real Conditions in the Present or Past—Logical

CONGTEIONS 52 eis eneceieec as coe seat eee eee 554-564.

a. Indicative in the Protasis!.....2.........0s.co.-00s-es cesenees 554-562.

Qs Indicative tubo hk ClAUSeS secre cdccnes coeteeacsstesevecsece alee 554-557-

b. Indicative in the Protasis and Subjunctive in the Apodosts 557-559.

c. Indicative in the Protasis and Optative in the Apodosis.... 559-560.

a. Indicative in the Protasisand Injunctive in the Apodosis... 560.

e. Indicative in the Protasis and Imperative in the Apodosis.. 560-562.

b. Injunctive in the Protasis.............. .c.ccsseceseceeeeeeeeee 562-563.

Qa Tnjuncivienn Goth Clausesttersnnccissen ete tees cneasce soaseeteee 562-563.

b. Injunctive in the Protasis and Subjunctive in the Apodosis 563 564.

II. Real Conditions in the Future—Anticipatory

CONGICIONS or o5208 Sisco dss teed sedes sexeeasacceeuetetee eee 564-575.

a. subjunctive in the Protasis:¢..... 22% .c.::.-.-..00c-ssesaveeeeee 564-575.

Qs WSULJUNCLLUE Ute BOLI CLAUSES Noelocnaecer he eerlaeceeeceee seas 564-569.

b. Subjunctive in the Protasis and teedtne in the Apodosts 569-571.

c. Subjunctive in the Protasis and Optative in the Apodosts.. 571-572.

ad. Subjuuctive tn the Protasis and Injunctive in the Apodosis 573-574.

e. Subjunctire in the Protasis ana no finite form of the verb

1H the (ADOMOSIS sve aaa dievesten cide os Sede oceseeseeenttece essences 574-575.

B.,’ IDEAL “CONDERIONS Asccsnseadsoswastseeaneen coo casosceee cess teense e eee 575-581.

Optativein the Probasisicccs-c:.s.cceccscrcscecs-scecusewecmcneeteee 575-581.

I, Ideal Conditions in the Future—Possible Condi-

LIONS 8.05 scsschGedeauids ganado as oe cadbaaildeyyuceedstwodseenee setae 575-578.

Qs \Opiativerim WOlhiGlaztses irae .nsccccsusenececnscaceteeterecee neces 575-5706.

6. Optative in the Protasis and [Indicative in the Apodosts...... 576.

c. Optative in the Protasis and Subjunctive in the Apodosis... 576-578.

II. Ideal Conditions in the Past—Unfulfilled Con-

LI OILS 5 eis oo 6 oe ene 578-581.

@s (Opiate rin Cor MOlauses..0..ee1 tence one Oe nee eee eee 578-579-

b. Optative in the Prolasis and Subjunctive in the Apodosis.. 579-581.

(586 )

INDEX. 587

CHAD ERE CIV | CONDIRIONS sa: ac seeueceeceeastin neers aeltoaeetbeaseseliccict = 581-583

Oh TUIRTIIEE U2 2 AN IOLOSIS aeis660000000 5000000800008N00000 05 OdoReEnE 581-582.

lis, SOGTLGDE DP WEG PAOD .0060005000600500085600900000950000c0de 582.

Defective Conditions containing Ye2t NOLL ..crceceverecsercceeeecenecsenereees 582-583.

Za) SUOJUMCLIVE 110 CHEN APOMOSIS) 10s .wenieaieiola ow aeons sesieealelesieeiseee- 582.

Os OHUREO TE ULB AVQHIRIS soe5ccn8csbabodes boHDEdebNDdESEGObN0DNEC 582-583.

OS PERIL UE HP. AYPQTOSES 5155096000080 000000005003099000 20005 3000 583.

Variation of Moods im the MAnuscrtpts......0.ccrcocceorerereearacavetevssers 584-585

(COPAGUESUDB0600900100060000004080000000000000 con .0dDoDAbSCaUDdE dooAGoUdeDsEnOpoGodE 585.

A. Avesta.

a. Gava-Avesta

Ws 2754) 589

29,2 559

30,9 571

31,2 581

6 565

32,10 562

ie D8

Boe 554

34,6 560

38,4 554

43,3 575

44,15 560

453 568

5 563

46,4 565

6 567

8 557

Io 6578

13 563

48,1 568

4 557

50,2 575

3 576

53,1 562

54,1 569

INDEX LOCORUM.

b. Yasna.

1,21 555

11,5-6 564

19,6 564

62,1 571

7 569

9 555

65,14 559

68, 10-12 572

c. Yasts.

5,63 570

6,3 556

8,11 575

52-54 578

10,8 577

9 569

19 582

287) 554

55 575

74 575

87 555

gI 571

I1,4-5 573

13,12-13 579

18 565

47 555

7 55S

14,48 571

52-53 570

16,2 561

19,43 566

ad. Vendidad.

I,1 579

3,14 567

26 560

5,1-2 583

4 574

14 574

O30) 577

a Bif®

28 558

AT 5 On

7,12 574

23 566

25 «557

36-37 566

EHO S72

17) 583

40-41 556

Opa Sal7

13,3 579

Bit 582

4978) 570)

LA e507

22 558

16,2 582

7 572,582

8 572

18,29 ©6563

69-70 558

588

B. Old Persian.

Bh. i, 23-24

iv, 37-39

54-56

Dar. Pers. e, 22-24

C. Rig-Veda.

i, 14,8

4757

161,8

rs, AeA

iv, 30,23

41,11

Vandel o

74:10

vill, 40,1

43,28

44,23

ix, 95,5

556

561

573

568

582

561

558

568

574

573

571

576

578

556

580

559

INDEX.

D. Greek.

Aisch. Ag. 908-909

Arist, Neph. 116-118

1483

Eur. Alk. 671-672

Bell. 294,7

100 i, 324

ii, 80-81

v, 679-680

vii, 28

X, 222-223

XXlli, 274-275

Odyss. xvii, 475-476

Soph. Ant, 98

E. Latin.

Cic. de Senec. I1

Juvenal_ iii, LOO-101

F. O. H. German.

Ott. ii, 3,46

560

573

583

571

556

569

580

576

580

559

561

581

583

581

[Annas N. Y., Acap. Sct., Vol. XII., No. 14, pp. 589 to 616, May 26, 1900. ]

[Zoology of Puget Sound, Columbia University Contributions No. 12. |

SOME ASCIDIANS FROM PUGET SOUND, COLLEC-

TIONS OF 1806.

Wm. E. RITTER.

(Read November 14, 1898.)

[ PLATES XVIIT.-XX. ]

THE collection of Ascidians made by the Zoological Expedi-

tion of Columbia University to Puget Sound during the summer

of 1896, and placed in my hands for study, contains, according

to the determinations that I am now able to make, fifteen

species, seven of which are new to science.

Dr. Bashford Dean, who collected the Ascidians, did so with

the design of describing the new species himself, and to this

end made colored figures from life of several of the species.

Upon learning that I was, and had been for some years, en-

gaged upon the preparation of a monograph of the Tunicata of.

the Pacific coast of North America, he very willingly and

kindly turned over to me not only his material, but also his fig-

ures. Hence it is that Iam able to report on this interesting,

though small, and in the case of some of the forms, quite de-

fective, collection; hence it is, also, that I am able to enrich

several of the descriptions by excellent colored figures from

life.

I wish to acknowledge here my obligation to one of my

students, Miss Edith Byxbee for the excellent and extended

aid she has given me in this research. The greater part

of the work on the simple Ascidians is hers.

(589)

590 RITTER.

Lis? OF THEsSrPECiis, COMER CIED:

Cynthia superba n: spy. 2a. see eee eae ee 590

Cynthia deani ni sp... Sat ace ee ee eee 592

« " Macrosiphonus' 1. spl. ac 4 sae ee 597

$s erecta) nisms. ets 6 2 ee. ote ae Ae een oe 598

«< castaneiformis: yon Drasche:- 52 eee 599

“ haustor Stimpson. si oat cena er ee 601

ntyela stimpsonin. ‘Sp. e.) oc. 2 wie wei cee: eee 602

” spabbsu Stimpson: (6. vs ae wer eee epee 604

Ascidia koreana, Traustedt. ..,.20 <..). «0. oe oe ee 604

Corella wilimeriana Herdman:? -\25 22 see 604

Chelyosoma producta Stimpson...................-. 605

Distoma, molle in. sp: vise. es ei eee Pee 605

lobata nm.) sp. Steet nee ee eno eae eee 606

Amaroucium californicum Ritter (MS.)............. 608

Distaplia occidentalis Ritter (MS.)...............4.. 609

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES:

Cynthia superba n. sp.

(Pl. XVIIL., Fig. 1, Pl. XIX., Figs. 16, 17, 18 and 20, and

Pl. XX5\ Fie, 10.)

GENERAL APPEARANCE: Body regularly pear-shaped; the

broad end at the base. Attached by the base, but the area of

attachment not extending over the entire base. A rather prom-

inent knob and numerous short, closely interwoven root-like pro-

cesses on this area. Siphons prominent, the branchial bent over

so that the orifice looks ventrad ; atrial directed upward. Exter-

nal surface of body entirely free from wrinkles or other irregu-

larities, but closely set with very fine short papillz. Color of

the anterior half bright orange red; the posterior half yellowish

white. Length 15 cm.; diameter in thickest part 6.5 cm.; in

smallest part 4.5 cm.; transverse section of body at any level

almost a perfect circle. .

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 591

Test: Leathery, about 1 mm. thick and very uniform through-

out. Surface closely beset with short, conical, acute processes,

the bases of which are nearly equal in thickness to the height ;

many of these processes are single, but others have one or sev-

eral smaller ones arising from their bases (Pl. XIX, Fig. 16).

MantLe: Moderately developed, not quite as thick as the

test; longitudinal and circular muscle layers about equal in

thickness ; the longitudinal fibers somewhat stronger and ar-

ranged in bands more distinctly than the circular fibers.

BRANCHIAL APPARATUS: Siphons prominent, strong, branch-

ial bent over to nearly a right angle with the antero-posterior

axis of the body; atrial nearly erect, the two of about equal

size; branchial distinctly four-lobed, atrial two-lobed. Atrial

orifice surrounded by a row of processes similar to but distinctly

larger than those covering the entire surface of the test. Branch-

ial tentacles very large, about 18 in number, 13 large ones with

smaller ones scattered irregularly among the larger, grouped

somewhat in the region of the dorsal tubercle. The numerous

large branches of the tentacles themselves bearing short secon-

dary branches, or processes (Pl. XIX., Fig. 20). Dorsal tu-

bercle conspicuous ; mouth of the hypophyseal duct with long

horns produced into a double, inturned spiral, one horn with four

turns, the other with about six (PI. XIX., Fig. 17). Branchial

sac with nine folds on each side, each having sixteen to

eighteen bars ; from three to five, usually four, bars between the

folds ; transverse vessels of four sizes, usually arranged in the

following manner: the space between two vessels of the first

order is divided into two parts by a vessel of the second order ;

each of these spaces is again divided by a vessel of the third

order, and each of these four last spaces is crossed by a vessel of

the fourth order ; so that between two of the broad vessels of the

first order there are seven smaller vessels. The meshes contain

about eight to sixteen stigmata each. The whole structure of

the sac rather irregular (Plate XIX., Fig. 18). Dorsal languets

consisting of a row of large, closely placed ones situated along

the right margin of a broad dorsal area in which there are no

stigmata; and of numerous smaller accessory ones scattered

592 RITTER.

irregularly over the area to the left of the row of large ones

(El eXeXe, Fig..s10):

INTESTINE: Forming a wide loop on the left side of the body ;

cesophageal opening about midway on the dorsal line of the

branchial sac.

REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS : Situated on both sides of the body,

very voluminous, particularly on the left side in the intestinal

loop.

The collection contains but a single specimen of this magnifi-

cent species, so the study of it has been less complete than could

be desired. (For comparison with other species, see discussion

following description of the next species.)

Cynthia deani n. sp.

(PIX VALE Bigs: 2 and 3vand: El; XenxXe Viios 21.22. ancdeem,

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Body oval, tapering gradually toward

the posterior end, where it is attached by a clump of root-like

processes of the test. Siphons placed at the anterior end, usu-

ally prominent, though the branchial is sometimes on a level

with the body, apparently owing to contraction. Branchial

siphon four-lobed, bent over so that the orifice looks ventrad ;

atrial siphon two-lobed, directed straight forward; color of

specimens preserved in formalin, a dull white, or light gray, the

anterior part, and especially the siphons, tinged with orange-red.

Test: Thin, coriaceous ; in young specimens almost trans-

parent ; covered with papillz, each bearing a number of short

spines which, in the youngest (smallest) specimens, are regularly

arranged in circles, with a larger spine in the center. This reg-

ular arrangement disappears in older specimens. The spines

imparting to the test a harsh feeling (Pl. XIX., Fig. 21).

Mantie: Thin, muscles well developed, especially the longi-

tudinal ones.

BRANCHIAL Sac: Nine folds on each side in well developed

specimens, eight of them strong, the ones next the endostyle on

each side weak, sometimes disappearing before reaching the an-

terior end of the sac ; six to ten bars on the folds, usually only

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 593

about three between them, this number varying from one to five

according to the size of the individual ; folds ending abruptly at

the cesophageal opening where the bars are prolonged in the

form of languets ; transverse vessels of at least three sizes, usually

six narrow ones between two broad ones. Meshes oblong,

crossed by delicate secondary vessels. Stigmata six to twelve

in a mesh, small and narrow ; a longitudinal vessel often running

part way down the branchial sac and so forming smaller, square

gnesines (Gal, XODX,, Jette) 2H),

TENTACLES: About twenty-four in number, twelve large, very

stout ones, twice branched, and as many small ones alternating

Wwadn toreron “(els NODC Ihe, 223),

Peritubercular area shallow ; dorsal tubercle large ; mouth of

hypophysis with its horns turned in and twice coiled.

DorsaLt Lamina composed of languets, short at the anterior

end and passing part way round the opening of the cesophagus.

No basal membrane present; transverse vessels on the right

side ending in languets opposite the dorsal languets, and in the

larger specimens, a few small accessory languets present between

these two rows (PI. XIX., Fig. 23).

ENDOSTYLE very broad.

INTESTINE: Making a wide loop; cesophageal opening about

half way between the anterior and posterior extremities of the

branchial sac ; liver large.

OvarRIEs: One on each side of the branchial sac, in the form

of a slender tube bent like the letter S lying down. The genital

duct directed upward ; endocarps present on the mantle.

There are two specimens of this species in the collection,

both small and apparently young. One measures 2.6 x I cm.,

the other 5 x 2.3cm. The color of the test seems to be well

preserved. The above description is based partly on these two

specimens and partly on a number from the Young Naturalists’

Society of Seattle. The latter are preserved in alcohol and

their test is colorless. It is also thicker and lacks the semi-

transparency characteristic of the test of the Columbia specimens.

The largest one in the Young Naturalists’ collection measures

5 x 2cm. and the genital organs are perfectly developed.

594 RITTER.

Some of the characters, such as the number of bars on or

between the folds and the number of the accessory languets,

are variable, but the variation seems to be in the direction of

increase of number with increase in the size of the individual.

There are so many points in common between this species

and C. superba that I have been in much doubt as to whether

they are not the same thing. It has seemed possible that the

smaller animals may be only immature individuals of the larger

one. I have tried to explain the differences between the two by

imagining them to be such as would be expected were this the

case ; but the explanations thus reached are unsatisfactory, as I

shall now attempt to show.

In the first place, as regards the papillae on the surface of the

test. These are frequently single in C. superba, while they are

never so in C. dean; again, when the large ones have smaller

ones about their bases, these smaller ones are always closer to_

the larger, and less numerous in the former than in the latter

species. Compare figures 16 and 21, the first from the anterior

part of the body of C. superba, the last from a corresponding

region of C. deant. These differences I do not believe are

due to differences in age merely. One might imagine that the

condition seen in C. superba has been produced from that in

C. deant by an extension and thickening of the bases of the

primary papillze until they have come to carry the secondary

ones on their sides. As a matter of fact, however, the base of

a group, 2. ¢@., of a primary papilla with its surrounding secon-

dary ones, is actually somewhat larger on the average in C. deant,

the supposed younger specimens, than in C. superba. Thus

their average diameter at base is I.9 y in the former species, and

1.55 “in the latter, measurements being made of papilla from

near the antertor end of the animal in each case.

As to external characters, it is to be further noted that C.

superba is much more highly colored than C. deanz, the entire

anterior half of the: former being orange red, while only the

siphons are red in the latter, and these not markedly so. As all

the specimens in this collection were preserved in the same way,

2. €., in formalin, it cannot be supposed that the color has been

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 595

destroyed in the one case and not in the other. To be sure, it

is possible that the color increases with age, but this is not

usual with ascidians.

The internal structural differences that do not seem explicable

on the supposition that they are due to differences in age alone

are the following: The tentacles are more numerous in C.

deant than in C. superba, they being about twenty-four in the

former and eighteen in the latter. In species in which these

structures are small and very numerous, such a difference in

number as this could not be considered as of great consequence ;

but where the number is small and the tentacles themselves are

large, the difference certainly is of considerable importance,

particularly since the larger number is found in the supposably

younger specimens.

The much more highly coiled condition of the hypophyseal

mouth in C. superba can, I think, hardly be considered as due

to differences in age, although it must be admitted that the

differences here are in the direction that would be expected on

this supposition. But, judging from what we know of other

ascidians, we are not warranted, I think, in believing that differ-

ence so great in this respect as that here found is to be thus

accounted for.

Again, the differences in the branchial sacs and the accessory

dorsal languets in the two forms are too great, I believe, to be

explained away on this hypothesis. Compare figures 18 and

22, also 17 and 23.

The question of whether the Cyzthia cortacea of Stimpson

°64 is the species now under consideration must, I am _ con-

vinced, with the data now at hand, be answered in the negative.

Stimpson describes his species as being ‘‘smooth, and scarcely

at all wrinkled.” This statement clearly means that it is not

only without wrinkles, but also that it is without asperities. It

is true that the papille of our species are very small, but I can

hardly believe they could have escaped so good an observer

entirely. The branchial sac, the author says, ‘has about the

same number of folds as the preceding species,” referring to

Styela gibbsii, which, he says, has 10 folds. As our species has

596 RITTER.

18, it hardly seems possible that Stimpson could have erred so

widely as this. His statement that the “filaments at the summit

of the branchial sac of C. coriacea appear to be few, and shaped

like the palpi of the bi-valve acephala”’ I am at a loss to know

how to interpret, but it certainly seems that if he had been

examining our species the large branchial tentacles could not

have escaped his notice, and certainly had he seen them he

could not have compared them to the palpi of bivalve molluscs.

On the whole I am inclined to think that his C. corzacea is in

reality a Styela.

The nearest allies of these two closely related species are C.

papillosa L.., and C. nordenskioldi Wagn. But C. papillosa is

very clearly distinguished from both, first of all, perhaps, by the

distinct circle of long bristles borne by the margin of each orifice.

Its papillee are also larger throughout and are not arranged in

the groups of primary and secondary ones as in our species.

From both C. superba and C. deani, C. nordenskioldii is distin-

guished superficially by its four-lobed atrial orifice ; while in its

internal structure it differs in possessing four gonads on each side,

our species possessing only one.

All four of these species resemble one another in the posses-

sion of accessory dorsal languets. In C. xordenskioldii, to judge

from the figure accompanying Wagner’s description (’85), the

transverse vessels on each side end in languets, so that the

dorsal lamina is represented by a double row of them with a clear

space between.

In C. papillosa there is a row of languets in the center of a

broad clear space and besides these the transverse vessels on the

right side end in languets, the arrangement being similar to that

found in C. deant. This supplementary row of languets does

not appear to have been anywhere described for C. papillosa, but

an examination of specimens from Naples shows it to be present.

The Pacific coast species seem to differ from the others in pos-

sessing the small accessory languets scattered between two rows

and having no relation to the transverse vessels. This condition,

as pointed out in the description of the species, is but feebly de-

veloped in C. deanz, but much more highly so in C. superba.

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 597

Cynthia macrosiphonus n. sp.

(Cal NOx eile. A aiovel Jelk, IO, Tei, 21.)

GENERAL APPEARANCE: Whole animal, including siphons,

10.4 cm. long: exclusive of siphons 4.5 cm.: greatest diameter

2.7 cm. Siphons very long, the branchial nearly one and a half

times as long as, and the atrial a little longer than the body. Both

siphons four-lobed. Body attached on the left side near the

posterior end by a broad base. Color a muddy brown shading

in places to a yellowish brown; siphons lighter colored.

Test: In the posterior part, thick, coriaceous, prolonged into

short processes at the point of attachment, thinner toward the

anterior part. Dark over the body and over the lower part of

the siphons; lighter, translucent and very smooth over nearly

the whole of the branchial and the anterior half of the atrial

siphon. Test on the anterior part of the body crumpled and

irregularly wrinkled, that over the lower part of the siphons with

deep transverse folds. An inner layer of test present, separating

readily from the outer test and from the mantle. This inner

layer soft, transparent, containing fibres and test cells ; inner sur-

face of outer test smooth, soft and shining.

Mantite: Thin; musculature well developed ; dorsal muscle

large ; circular muscle bands at the base of the siphons, and both

longitudinal and circular muscles of the siphons very strong.

BRANCHIAL SAC: Six folds on each side, about fourteen bars

on a fold, and seven or eight between them; meshes oblong,

often irregular, with usually four small oval stigmata; most of

the transverse vessels of one size, but occasionally a very wide

one present; series of stigmata frequently crossed by a small

secondary vessel.

Tentacies : About fifteen in number: five (?) long slender

ones with fine branches and smaller intermediate ones of at least

two sizes.

PERIPHARYNGEAL Banp: Widely separated from the tentacles,

enclosing a large triangular space on the dorsal side on which

the dorsal tubercle lies; mouth of the hypophysis with both

horns turned in and once coiled (Pl. XIX., Fig. 24).

598 RITTER.

DorsaL Lamina: Represented by very slender languets closely

placed on a rather broad basal membrane (Fig. 24).

INTESTINE: Forming a wide loop.

Gonaps: Two large branched organs, lying one on each side

of the body.

There is only one specimen of this species in the collection

and for this reason it has not been thoroughly dissected. Its

external appearance, however, is very striking and should make

it easily recognizable. The siphons are very long and flexible,

and the smooth translucent test which covers them differs strik-

ingly from the dark, crumpled and coriaceous test of the rest of

the body.

The nearest allies of this species appear to be C. sguamulosa,

Alder, North-western Europe, and C. dura Heller, Atlantic,

Mediterranean, and Pacific (Herdman), but the remarkable

character of the siphons distinguishes it definitely from either of

them.

Cynthia erecta n. sp.

(Gaby POV OLS: Jeiteae Ga)

GENERAL APPEARANCE: Body barrel-shaped, of nearly the

same diameter throughout; length, exclusive of siphons, 3.6

cm., greatest diameter, 2.9 cm.; siphons placed at the dorsal

and ventral edges of the body, 8 mm. apart ; branchial 1.4 cm.

long, bent somewhat toward the ventral side ; atrial g cm. long

pointing anteriorly ; color, in specimen preserved in formalin,

light-gray, tinged with yellow at the posterior end; siphons

dark-brown.

Test: Smooth in the anterior part, divided into irregular

areas by slight folds toward the posterior end, especially on the

left side ; prolonged into short processes at the posterior end

where the body is attached; also a few on the right side ; test

not thick, but tough ; that of the siphons with deep transverse

wrinkles as though much contracted.

INTERNAL STRUCTURE, as far as known, agreeing perfectly

with that of Cynthia macrosiphonus, from which, however, it is

very distinct in external characters.

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 599

The close correspondence in internal structure between this

species and C. macrosiphonus naturally suggests the possibility

that the two may in reality be but strongly marked variations of

the same species, but the external differences are so great, not

only in form and proportions, but also in texture of the test, that

it hardly seems possible that they are not distinct species, and it

is probable that further study of ample material will discover dis-

tinctive characters other than those now apparent.

C. erecta is undoubtedly a very close ally to C. dura Heller.

From the accounts of the internal structure to C. dura as given

by Heller, 77, and Traustedt, ’83, I am unable to find any dis-

tinctions that would warrant the recognition of a separate species

for my specimen. The external characters appear, however, to

be very different. C. dura is a strongly depressed species, it

never being even in young individuals where the form is, accor-

ding to Heller “mehr rundlich,” as high as broad. Again, ac-

cording to both Heller and Traustedt, the test of C. dura is very

hard and much tuberculated over the entire surface.

Cynthia castaneiformis von Drasche.

Cynthia castaneiformis Drasche, ’84, p. 373.

Cynthia castaneiformis Traustedt, °84, p. 27.

I identify this as von Drasche’s species with some hesitation.

von Drasche, however, made his description from a single spec-

men, and that a rather small one, hence probably an immature

one. I therefore conclude that the discrepancies between his

description and my observations are due to the insufficiency of

specimens at his command.

The peduncle is described and figured as being as long as the

body. In some individuals this is true ; in others, however, the

peduncle is longer than the body, and in still others it is shorter.

The orifices are said to be “‘sitzend.’”’ In most preserved speci-

mens they are so, but in life they are not (Figs. 6 and 7); they

are quite prominent and are turned toward each other. In de-

scribing the processes of the test, the author makes no mention of

600 RITTER.

secondary processes on the primary ones. In young individuals

the processes are simple; in older ones, however, there are a

few short secondary processes on the primary ones.

The author describes the branchial sac as having seven folds

on each side ; as a matter of fact there are eight, but in a young

specimen it would be very easy indeed to fail to recognize all of

them. The detailed structure of the branchial sac I have

thought best to give complete, partly because of the inadequacy

of von Drasche’s description, and partly because of its very pe-

culiar structure (Pl. XIX., Fig. 25). There are, as already

said, eight folds on each side. These are large and closely

placed. _ Each has about twenty internal longitudinal bars, and

the interspaces between them two or three bars. The stigmata

are elongated transversely to the direction of the endostyle and

the folds of the sac. They are somewhat irregular in shape, size

and arrangement, but on the whole they are arranged in series

and in such fashion that a space is left between two adjacent

series, against which the ends of the stigmata of each series abut.

These spaces—longitudinal vessels they might be called—usually

alternate with the internal longitudinal bars (Fig. 25, 1. v.'

and I. v.”).

The internal transverse vessels, or bars, are small and numer-

ous, the typical arrangement being one between each two stig-

mata, Fig. 25 t. v.2 These small transverse vessels connect

with the internal longitudinal bars. Some of them cross the in-

terserial spaces, or longitudinal vessels, and some do not, but

terminate in these spaces. In addition to the small internal trans-

verse vessels there are also larger ones, Fig. 25, t. v.', there

being about ten of the smaller to one of the larger. The result

of this arrangement is that typically each mesh of the branchial

sac contains a single stigma.

von Drasche desribes and figures the stigmata to be nearly

round. So far as there is any elongation, however, this is in the

transverse direction, as shown by his Pl. XX. Fig. 9, I have

for some years believed the C. castaneiformis of von Drasche to

be identical with C. v7//osa Stimpson, ’64. Very recently, how-

ever, Herdman, ’98, has re-described what he believes to be C.

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 601

villosa, and if he is right the two would seem to be quite distinct,

although closely allied. They appear to differ both in external

and in internal characters. As Herdman collected his specimens

himself, he would have undoubtedly noted the pink color of the

rather prominent siphons, had they been present, which disting-

uishes C. castaneiformis (Figs. 6 and 7).

Again, the spines of C. villosa appear to be both longer over

the anterior portion of the body and to extend back over the

pedunculated portion considerably more than is the case in C.

castaneiformys.

As to internal structure although the two forms agree in the

number of folds and the peculiarity as to direction of the stig-

mata, they differ markedly in the absence from the sac of C. wd/l-

osa of the internal transverse vessels and the regular interserial

spaces or vessels. (Compare Herdman’s description and PI.

XIIL., Fig. 11.) Again it appears that the dorsal languets of C.

castaneiformus are considerably more numerous and filiform than

in C. villosa.

There are numerous specimens in the collection, and in addi-

tion it has been collected at several other points on our Coast

south of Puget Sound.

Cynthia haustor Stimpson.

Cynthia haustor Stimpson, ’64, p. 159.

Cyntlia haustor von Wrasche, °84, p. 372, Pl. III., Figs. 3

and 8.

Cynthia haustor Vraustedt, ’84, p. 29.

Gyniia haustor Merdmian.) 9S, p. 2575) Rie XUN Figs.) 1

and 2.

But a single specimen of the species is contained in the col-

lection ; but as this is one of the most common representatives

of the genus on our shore, north of San Francisco Bay, there

can be no doubt as to its identification.

I am glad to be able to present the excellent figures drawn

from the living animal by Doctor Dean.

. ANNALS N. Y, Acab. Sci., XII, May 28, 1900—38.

602 RITTER.

Styela stimpsoni n. sp.

(PIS XVIII, Fig. and 125" and Pit Xx hig 260) sancelse

DOXG, Migs. 27 and28))

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Body irregularly oval ; narrow at the

anterior end where the siphons are placed; the atrial at the

dorsal edge, and the branchial close to it, except in one specimen

where it is 1.1 cm. distant. Body sloping gradually from the

branchial siphon to the broad posterior end, where it is attached

by root-like processes of the test. Average length of four

specimens 3.2 cm., average of greatest diameter 3.1 cm. Siphons

prominent though often contracted ; both orifices four-cleft.

Test: Over the greater part of the body, thin, leathery, usu-

ally smooth, or with wrinkles due to contraction. Color, in life,

as shown by Dr. Dean’s figures, bright orange-red ; this, how-

ever, wholly destroyed in preserved specimens, the color here

being a light gray. Toward the posterior part the test becomes

thicker, firmer, crumpled, and furnished with numerous processes

and irregularities ; color of this part usually a dark brown, tinged

with yellow ; inner surface of the test, smooth, white, and shining.

Mant_Le: Thick, composed of small but strong muscle fibers

very densely woven in the upper part, somewhat more loosely

woven in the lower part. Mantle closely attached to the bran-

chial sac by many strong vessels. :

BRANCHIAL Sac: Four folds on each side; the two folds on

each side of the endostyle with four to six bars ; the other folds

stronger with ten to fourteen bars ; four or five longitudinal ves-

sels between the endostyle and the folds on each side ; about six

vessels between the other folds ; transverse vessels of three sizes,

usually five or six medium-sized ones between two broad ones ;

the series of stigmata often crossed by small secondary vessels

which are sometimes incomplete. Meshes oblong with five to

seven long, rather narrow stigmata in them (PI. XIX., Fig. 26).

TentTactes: Unbranched, very numerous, of three lengths,

about twenty long slender ones, with shorter ones alternating

with them, and very short ones alternating with these, so that

there are three short tentacles between two long ones ; peripha-

ryngeal band close to the circle of tentacles.

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 6038

DorsaL Lamina: A broad membrane with its free margin ir-

regularly cut and toothed ; passing part way round the opening

of the cesophagus which is placed nearly at the lower extremity

of the branchial sac (Pl. XX., Fig. 27).

DorsaL TUBERCLE: Raised above the level of the branchial

sac. Mouth of the hypophysis crescent-shaped with the horns

coiled in, forming small spirals ; opening toward the left side.

DicestivE Tract: Forming a narrow loop; stomach long

and narrow, marked with numerous longitudinal lines which are

formed by the folds within the stomach.

Heart: Very conspicuous, a long slender tube lying close

against the lower side of the stomach, but closely attached to

the mantle by large vessels.

Gonaps: Numerous, eight to ten on each side of the body,

in the form of long, slender tubes, sometimes bent on themselves

and somewhat twisted: each tube ending in a large but short

vas deferens. Endocarps numerous (PI. XX., Fig. 28.)

There are six specimens of this species in the collection. Of

the six, three have their long axis directed anterio-posteriorly,

while the other three have it in the opposite direction. These

latter three, however, show signs of being much contracted.

This species agrees in many particulars with S. joanne Herd-

man 98, but differs from it in external form and color, S. joane

being “whitish gray.” (Since Herdman himself collected the

single specimen upon which his description is based reference

is of course here made to the color in life.) The muscula-

ture of S. joan@ is said to be “very delicate,’ and the mantle

thin. The dorsal lamina is a “plain narrow membrane,” and

the tentacles are “long and slender, closely placed, about forty

in number,” apparently not differing greatly in length, as is the

case in S. stimpsonit. It is also closely related to Polycarpa

fiumarkiensis, Kiaer’93, but from this it differs in having a much

larger number of tentacles, twenty to twenty-five being the

number in this latter species; in the uncoiled condition of the

horns of the hypophysis mouth of P. finmarkiensis, and in the

absence of toothing (presumably so, since no mention is made of

the teeth by the author) on the edge of the dorsal lamina of the

European species.

604 RIGVRERe

Styela gibbsii Stimpson.

(CBR OCWALIIRS Anise sie} eyorel: 70.)

Cynthia gibbsu Stimpson, ’64, p. 159.

Styela gibbsi Herdman, 98, p. 261, Pl. XIII., Figs. 1-4.

There are ten specimens of this well-defined species in the

collection. Herdman’s recent redescription supplements Stimp-

son’s original rather meager description so well that it is un-

necessary for me to add anything from the data at hand beyond

the presentation of Dr. Dean’s figures from life.

Ascidia koreana Traustedt.

Phallusia koreana Traustedt, ’84, p. 14, text Figs. III. and

EV eraledbn IGS. elven cis

I have considerable doubt about the correctness of this identi-

fication. It is very possible that careful study of sufficient

material of both the Puget Sound and the Corean forms will

prove them to be specifically distinct, but pending the oppor-

tunity for such study, I have not thought it justifiable to separate

them on the evidence at hand. The Puget Sound forms appear

to have a larger number of tentacles than .have the Corean

forms.

There are five specimens in the collection.

Corella willmeriana Herdman.

(Get, XV Pic: 15.)

Corella willmertana Herdman, 98, p. 252, Pl. XI., Figs. 1-4.

The collection contains a single specimen of what I identify as

this species.

The only point of difference I note between the individual at

hand and Herdman’s description, is in the character of the sur-

face of the test. The author speaks of this as being “very

smooth and glistening,’ whereas in my specimen it has many

inconspicuous asperities.

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 605

Chelyosoma producta Stimpson.

Chelyosoma producta Stimpson, ’64, p. 161.

Chelyosoma productum von Drasche, 84, p. 381, Pl. VII.

Figs. 5-9.

Chelyosoma productum Traustedt, ’84, p. 7.

Chelyosoma productum Herdman, 98, p. 252.

Chelyosoma productum Bancroft, ’98.

A large number of this very common Puget Sound species is

contained in the collection.

Distoma molle n. sp.

Gel SOX nics 2O;ands3@)

GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE CoLony: Comparatively reg-

ularly disc-shaped, attached by nearly the whole of the under

surface. Greatest diameter of the larger of the two colonies at

hand 8.6 cm.; shorter diameter of same colony 5.5 cm.: thick-

ness in thickest portion 2 cm. Very soft and flabby. Test more

than usually transparent, the individual zooids showing through

it very distinctly. Color, a light gray, this being imparted to

the otherwise quite transparent testicular mass by the thin,

somewhat more opaque superficial layer to which a small quan-

tity of fine sand adheres. The soft testicular substance contains

many cells which are small and rather uniform in form and size ;

no bladder cells present.

GENERAL CHARACTER OF Zooips: Distinctly seen through the

test for nearly their entire length. No systems recognizable.

Placed mostly at oblique but varying angles to surface of colony.

Each zooid in the form of a dumbbell with a very long handle,

the thorax forming one of the balls, the intestinal loop the other,

and the much elongated cesophagus and rectal portion of the

intestine the handle, the two ends or balls being nearly equal in

size. Average length about 8 mm., of which about 5 mm. be-

long to the handle of the dumbbell. The ectodermal appendage

at the posterior end of the abdomen large and always present.

BRANCHIAL APPARATUS: No orifices, either branchial or

atrial, recognizable on the surface of the colony ; this probably

606 RITTER.

due to the extreme flabbiness of the test. Branchial and atrial

siphons about equal in size and shape, both long and strong ;

the lobes of each well marked—almost tumid in some specimens.

Thorax always much contracted, very dense, so that its internal

structure is made out with great difficulty. Apparently three

series of long stigmata in the branchial sac; but the extreme

state of contraction makes certainty on this point impossible.

Musculature of mantle well developed, particularly as to the

circular fibers, these arranged in more or less regular bands, as

are the longitudinal ones ; the circular fibers almost as well de-

veloped at the posterior as at the anterior end of the thorax.

DIGESTIVE APPARATUS: CEsophagus very long and narrow ;

stomach nearly globular, its walls somewhat irregularly thick-

ened, but not distinctly folded. Post gastric intestine short, the

intestinal loop forming almost a circle, the stomach being situated

at the point where the intestine returns upon itself to produce the

circle. Rectal portion of the intestine very long, running closely

parallel with the cesophagus.

SEXUAL ORGANS: Situated on the left side of the intestinal

loop, but extending slightly behind it; ovary not voluminous

though the individual ova when fully grown are large ; the ovary

on the cesophageal side of the.intestinal loop, and immediately

behind the stomach. Testis forming a dozen or more large, dis-

tinct elliptical masses; vas deferens distinct throughout its

length when filled with sperm.

Embryos developed in the atrial chamber, this not produced

into a special incubatory pouch; apparently about six embryos

and tadpoles in the chamber at one time.

Distoma lobata n. sp.

(PIO XOxe Bigs. 3 1, 32 sandsae

GENERAL CHARACTERS OF CoLtony: Massive, the smaller ones

rather regular, thick cake-like, the larger ones very irregular and

prominently lobulated. Largest specimen 10 cm. long, 4 cm.

wide in widest part ; most prominent lobe 3.5 cm. high and 3 cm.

in diameter. Texture firm, but not hard. No sand imbedded in

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 607

test, and entire surface very clean. Color, transparent white.

Outlines of the zooids and the branchial orifices distinctly seen

on the surface.

Zooips: Numerous closely set, evenly distributed, very much

contracted in all the specimens at hand; disposed rather regu-

larly perpendicularly to the surface of the colony ; systems pre-

sent, though not conspicuous; zooids in each not numerous.

Average length, as determined by measuring the depth to which

they reach in the test, about 6.5 mm., actual average length in

the contracted state assumed by nearly all the individuals about

2.5 or 3 mm.; a few found with length as great as 4.5 mm.

The long-pedunculate portion of the body between the thorax

and the gastro-genital mass which characterizes the zooids in

the normal condition, is wholly obliterated in the contracted

Statei(Eig: 3)2));

Test AND MANTLE: Former without sand grains ; quite uniform

in texture, made up largely of bladder-cells, the small cells be-

ing comparatively few ; no vessels present. Mantle well devel-

oped, both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers being numerous

and strong.

The ectodermal appendages given off from posterior portion

of mantle seem to be less prominent here than in most species

of the genus, though they are present.

BRANCHIAL AppaARATUS: Branchial orifice easily distinguish-

able on surface of colony, the common atrial orifices rather ob-

scure. Both siphons prominent on detached zooid, the atrial

particularly long, though variable for different individuals ; both

with six well marked, broad, short lobes. Internal structure of

the thorax determined with much difficulty on account of the

heavy musculature of the mantle and the extreme state of con-

traction. Branchial tentacles apparently about twenty-four in

number, of moderate length. Endostyle heavy, closely tortu-

ous. Apparently five series of stigmata, though some uncer-

tainty here.

Dorsal languets not seen.

DicestivE Tracr: CE#sophagus very long. Stomach and

intestinal loop proper forming a prominent mass at the extreme

608 RITTER.

posterior end of the zooid , stomach apparently somewhat longer

than broad, wall nearly or quite smooth, but extreme state of

contraction makes certainty here impossible. Intestinal loop

rather narrow, rectal portion running close along and parallel

with cesophagus ; rectum in all specimens examined contained

several large, elliptical, dark colored foecal masses ; anus about

midway of the length of the branchial sac.

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS: Both ovary and testis placed along-

side the intestinal loop, the latter extending somewhat, though

but slightly behind it; ovary small and with few ova in all the

specimens at hand; testis rather large, in the form of a quite reg-

ular rosette. No embryos or buds seen.

This species is closely related to a Destoma that is widely dis-

tributed on the coast of California, and which I have designated

in my MS. notes as D¢stoma y. It appears, however, to be

specifically distinct from it, D. y, being almost always with-

out systems, while D. /obata almost always possesses them.

The “bladder’’ cells, which are so characteristic of the test of

D. lobata, appear to be wholly wanting in D. vy. Again, I have

never seen colonies of J. y of anything like the size of the largest

specimen of D. lobata.

Interestingly enough the species resembles quite closely D. z/-

Jotum Sluiter from the coast of South Africa, though it is un-

doubtedly specifically distinct from it.

Amaroucium californicum Ritter (MS.).

The Amaroucium which | identify as A. calfornicum is well

known to me from its abundance at various places on the coast

of California, particularly at Monterey Bay. The only point in

which the northern specimens present any difference from the

more southern ones is in the length of atrial languet. On the

whole this structure seems to be somewhat longer in the former

than in the latter. But its great variability, not only in general,

but particularly in zooids of the same colony, precludes the pos-

sibility of attaching any great importance to the difference noted.

SOME PUGET SOUND ASCIDIANS. 609

Distaplia occidentalis Ritter (MS.).

Distaplhia occidentalis Bancroft, 99, p. 59.

Next to Ammaroucium no other genus of compound ascidians

is more abundantly represented, at least as to number of indi-

viduals, on our coast than is Distaplia. They present great va-

riety in form and size of colony, and in color, and I have, at va-

rious times and from various localities, entered provisionally in

my notes at least four species. These have, however, always

been differentiated on superficial characters, z. ¢., characters of

the colonies. The attempt to find constant structural differences

between the zooids of the supposed species have been unsuccess-

ful thus far, and as the superficial characters are found, upon ex-

amination of a very great quantity of material collected at different

seasons of the year, to be exceedingly variable and inconstant, I

am now of the opinion that but a single species has yet come

under my observation. The differences in color and form and

size of colony are probably due to differences in age, state of de-

velopment of the zooids, and perhaps of other factors not yet

recognized.

The colonies contained in the present collection are somewhat

larger and thicker than is usual with specimens from points

farther south, but beyond this I find nothing distinctive in them.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, July 14, 1898.

BUBLLOGR AeA.

’98, Bancroft, F. W. The Anatomy of Chelyosoma productum

Stimpson.

roc Cal.wAcadeSci-. 20 ser-.)Zo0l., Vol. 1... No: 3, 13898.) p.. 309:

’99, Bancroft, F. W. Oogenesis in D¢staplia occidentalis Ritter

(MS. ), with remarks on other species.

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Univ., 1899, Vol. XXXV, pp.

59-112.

84, Drasche, Richard von. Ueber einige neue und weniger ge-

kannte aussereuropdische einfache Ascidien.

Denksch. der katserlichen Akad. der Wissensch. su Wien, Math.

Naturw. Classe, 48 Bd., 1884, p. 369.

610 RITTER.

77, Heller, C. Untersuchungen iiber die Tunicaten des Adria-

tischen und Mittelmeeres.

Denksch. der kats. Akad. der wissench. su Wien, Math. Naturw.

Classe; 37 Bd... 1877.9) can.

’98, Herdman, W. A. Description of some simple Ascidians col-

lected in Puget Sound, Pacific Coast.

Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., Vol. XII., 1898, p. 248.

’93, Kiaer, Johan. Oversigt over Norges Ascide simplices.

Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger, Christiania, No. 9, 1893, p.

60 and p. 96.

764, Stimpson, Wm. Description of new species of Marine In-

vertebrata from Puget Sound.

Proc. Phu.7A cad. of Nat. Scis,, VOl TO. 1 S804, p-.50:

’80, Traustedt, M. P. A. Oversigt over de fra Danmark og dets

nordlige Bilan kedkjendte Ascide simplices.

Aftryk af Vidensk. Meddel. fra den naturh. Foren. t. Kjbenhava,

1879-80, p. 3.

83, Traustedt, M. P. A. Die einfachen Ascidien (Ascédie@ sim-

plices) des Golfes von Neapel.

Mittheil. a. d. Zool. Stat. Neapel, 1V. Bd., 1883, p. 448.

84, Traustedt, M. P. A. Ascidie simplices fra det stille Ocean.

Aftryk af Vidensk. Meddel. fra den naturh. Foren. t. Kybenhavn,

TSS4.. D>, Te

785, Wagner, W. Die Wirbellosen des Weissen Meeres. Zodlogische

Forschungen an der Kiiste des Solowetzkischen Meerbusens in den

Sommermonaten der Jahre 1877-79 and 1882. W. Engelmann,

Leipzig, 1885.

PEATE XVII.

PuGET SOUND ASCIDIANS.

Kiguuen Cynthia Superba iwitter,<Giesss.-.--ccsos- sees nee ieee

Figs. 2 and 3. Cynthia deami Ritter, «1....................04 592

bigs Cynthia erecta mitter, <1, .c.:.55.cas-c se eee eee 598

Figs. 6 and 7. Cynthia castaneiformis von Drasche, from

DSRS Th sida eral ove oben, ow ae OOS teres areca ciate AG ae eye oh eee 599

Figs. 8, 9 and 10. Cynthia haustor Stimpson, from life, x 1. 601

Figs. 11 and 12. Styela stimpsoni Ritter, from life, x1... 602

Figs. 13 and 14. Styela gibbsii Stimpson, from life, x 1... 604

Fig. 15. Corella willmeriana Herdman, from life, x1..... 604

( 612 )

ANNALS N.-Y%. AGAD. SCL, VOL. XI.

DEAN AND RITTER DEL.

IPTAVRE (excVAll

Tith. Anst.E. A-Funke, Leipzig,

PATH Saxe

Pucet SouND ASCIDIANS.

PAGE.

Fig. 16. Cynthia superba Ritter, showing papille, x 60. 590

Fig. 17. Dorsal tubercle and portion of dorsal languets of

SAINE'SPECIES, X<, Aven. catbacenaceies seat eet eRe Tone ee REE EEC REE REEe 591

Fig. 18., Branchial sacofisames<..). ascs.caa eee ee eee 591

Fig. 20, A single tentacle ofiicame:3..-3..0..ceeeee eee eee . 591

Fig. 21. Cynthia deani Ritter, x 60. Portion of test with

PAPI lee. o. a cccsswendan dine se eee nates One ee Ree ee 592

Fig. 22. Branchial sac of same species. .:.2:.42..sc:<e eee eee 592

Fig. 23. Tentacles, dorsal tubercle, and dorsal languets of

SAME SPECIES, XK LO...) casacccaeeasnn ence soins Eee 593

Fig. 24. Cynthia macrosiphonus Ritter, x 4. Ten-

tacles, dorsal tubercle, and dorsal) laminas.0----—35 see 597

Fig. 25. Cynthia castaneiformis von Drasche, branchial sac 599

Fig. 26. Styela stimpsoni Ritter, branchial sac............. 602

(614)

tye

Lut

At) SOL VOU xm,

ANNALS N. ¥Y AC

)

RiGee Dipie

aay

TU AMINS, 2D.

Ds 2

Te ac tv!

— Le =

Tith Anstv, EA Funke Leipzig,

a -

7 7

i”

A in

ae bra)

atiipsa itv aiid

Sas

—

\ Wawa Int A

Sy,

\) lg

ioe

Pe int tye

\/ if /

\ /

ANNALS N. Y; ACAD. SCL, VOL. XI.

PLATE XX.

PuGET SOUND ASCIDIANS.

Fig. 4. Cynthia macrosiphonus Ritter, x 1................. E07

Fig. 19. Cynthia superba Ritter. Dorsal languets, pri-

mary and :secondary....i.0.0 2c. Ute ohaek teed. - Gee eee ter 590

Fig. 27. Styela stimpsoni Ritter, Dorsal lamina....... ..... 602

Fig. 28. Gonads of same species, ><. 2.2. -e sees eee 603

Figs. 29 and 30. Distoma molle Ritter, the first in con-

tracted state, the second in‘extended, x 12.)).5-:eeeeeeeeeeeee 605

Fig. 31. Distoma lobata Ritter, general character of

COLONY XT... cose ks is see veaisei go en seleSbon cee settee 606

Figs. 32 and 33. Same species, first in contracted state,

second extended, i2eymneaae tee soles Se eRe te 606

AINA ONS Nor ENGEL SGI WO al i

i eee Dees at !

Fi}

—

og!

[ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. ScI., XII., No. 15, pp. 617 to 690, June 2, 1900. ]

RECORDS OF MEETINGS

OF THE

NEW YORK

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

JANUARY, 1899, TO DECEMBER, 1899

RICHARD E. DODGE

Recording Secretary

ANNALS N. Y. AcaD. Sci., XII, June 2, 1900-39.

[Annats N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII., No. 15, pp. 617 to 690, June 2, 1900. ]

RECORDS OF MEETINGS

OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OK] SCIENCES:

January, 1899, to December, 1899.

RicHarD E. DopnGeE, Recording Secretary.

BUSINESS: MEETING:

JANUARY 2, 1899.

Academy met at 8 P. M., Vice-President Kemp presiding.

The minutes of the last business meeting were read and ap-

proved.

The following candidate for resident membership, approved

by the Council, was duly elected:

Samuel (hore, 42) Cedar St. New Work, Nov:

There being no further business, the Academy adjourned.

RICHARD E. DOopbcE,

Recording Secretary.

SIECMIOIN Ole AVSIIROIMOMOAT ZeUNID) Jels | SIuCS),

f JANUARY 2, 1899.

Sectiomsmet,aty 3) Ee Mea es Dudley presidine. = iiive

minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved.

The following program was then offered :

Wm. Hallock, A Mopet to ILLusrrRatTeE KIRCHHOFF’S PRIN-

CIPLE.

F. L. Tufts, ON tHE ApsoRPTION AND REFLECTION OF SOUND

Waves By Porous MATERIALS.

(619 )

620 RECORDS.

P. H. Dudley, TRANSLATIVE CURVES OF COUNTER BALANCE

AND CRANK PINS IN RUNNING LOCOMOTIVE.

In the absence of the Secretary, Mr. Theodore G. White was

elected Secretary pro tem.

The principle illustrated in Professor Hallock’s paper may be

stated as follows: Any system that has an inherent rate of

vibration in itself, will respond to vibrations of the same period

as its inherent vibration factor, but is indifferent to vibrations

faster or slower than that particular rate of inherent vibration.

The model consists of a brass ring, on the center of which a

brass ball is held in equilibrium by means of three spiral springs

which are attached to points equi-distant from one another around

the circumference of the ball, and at their other extremities to

points equi-distant from one another, upon the inner circumfer-

ence of the ring. The model is suspended from the axis per-

pendicular to the plane of the ring and springs. Vibrations are

imparted to the model thus suspended, by means of a string, or

better, by means of a spiral of wire, attached to the ring, and

held by the hand in a horizontal position. Vibrations delivered

through the weak spiral spring, impart a succession of impulses

to the ring, while the ball has its own inherent rate of vibration

in the plane of the ring itself, due to its mode of suspension.

When the vibrations imparted to the ring are too rapid or too

slow, beats are produced, which disappear as the rapidity of the

induced vibrations approaches the inherent rate of vibration. A

modified form of the same apparatus consists in suspending the

former apparatus concentrically within a second brass ring, so as

to connect the two rings. One rate of impulses is then imparted

to the outer ring,

concentric rings, another set of impulses is imparted to the second

and by means of the spirals connecting the

ring, according to their inherent rates of vibration.

In the discussion of this paper, Professor D. W. Hering sug-

gested connecting the string or spiral by which impulses are im-

parted to the ring, to a tuning fork, the rate of vibration of which

could be regulated by weighting and which could be operated

electrically for reciprocating motion of small amplitude and of a

known rate.

RECORDS: 621

The second paper, by Dr. Tufts, gave the results of experiments

on the transmission and reflection of sound by such materials as

flour, sand, sawdust, shot, and a few different kinds of cloths.

It was stated that when sound waves strike against materials

pervious to air they act very much like a pneumatic pressure,

and that the amount of sound transmitted through such mate-

rials is inversely proportional to the resistance offered by the

materials to the passage of a direct current of air. The results

of the experiments upon the reflection of sound from the same

materials showed that those materials which transmitted the

ereatest amount of sound reflected the least. The paper also

contained an account of some experiments in which the sound

waves had to pass through some pervious material, such as the

curtain upon a wall, and were then reflected back through the

same by the impervious wall. The results of these experiments

showed that there was greater reflection when the curtains were

of very porous or of very impervious materials, than when they

were of materials of medium porosity, such as velvet.

In the discussion that followed, Professor Hallock suggested

the practical application to the improvement of the acoustics of

rooms which might result from these investigations, and the use-

lessness of. the method of stringing wires in large halls to break

up echoes which had been often advised but which was disproved

by these investigations. Mr. Dudley also spoke of the attempts

which had been made to obtain materials absorptive of sound to

deaden the noise in railroad cars.

The third paper by Mr. Dudley was profusely illustrated by

lantern slides. These showed the loci of the center of gravity

of the counter-weights, crank pins and driving axles in running

locomotives. Some of the photographs showed the position of the

counter-weights in the driving wheels of running locomotives in ref-

erence to the stremmatograph under the rail. The counter-weights

added to locomotive driving wheels to balance the reciprocating

parts, crank pins, main and side connecting rods, when the loco-

motive is running, besides rotating around the axles, move along

the rails per revolution, a distance equal to the circumference of

the drivers. The locus of the center of gravity of the counter

622 RECORDS.

weights six inches from the tread of the tire in a seven foot

driving wheel, travels above the locus of the driving axle, over

three times as far as it does below.

The locus of the center of gravity of the crank pin for 24-

inch stroke of piston in a driving wheel of 7 feet diameter,

travels 44 per cent. more above the locus of the driving axle

than below.

The above cited facts show that the relative velocities of the

center of gravity of the counter weights and crank pins are not

constant, for each portion of a revolution as in the stationary en-

gine, but are unequal and constantly changing. Therefore the

forces generated are unequal, and perfect counter-balance does

not obtain in the locomotive. Part of the unbalanced forces

must be absorbed by the locomotive, and part by the permanent

way. The upper portion of the driving wheel moves much

faster than the lower portion running on, and in contact with, the

rail, in striking contrast to the uniform velocity of the rim of the

fly wheel of a stationary engine.

Mr. Dudley also showed lantern slides of running locomotives,

in which the lower spokes of the driving wheels were sharply

defined, while the upper ones, running so much faster, were not

stopped for the same exposure.

The Section adjourned at 9.40 P. M.

THEODORE G. WHITE,

Secretary pro tem.

SECON TORS BIOLOGY

JANUARY 9, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Professor Lee presiding. The min-

utes of last meeting of Section were read and approved. The

following program was then offered :

Robert W. Shearman, THe SKULL oF A CHIM-EROID.

Richard Weil, AN ANOMALY IN THE INTERNAL COURSE OF

TROCHLEA NERVE.

J. L. Wortman, Hisrory oF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAN-

NON-BONE IN ARTIODACTYLA.

RECORDS. 623

George 8. Huntington, THz Morruorocy anp PHYLOGENY

OF THE VERTEBRATE ILIOCOLIC JUNCTION.

Mr. Shearman described the chief branchial and cranial

features of the Chimeroid ( Hydrolagus collet) and brought out

facts to show that the group Holocephali should be regarded as

a suborder of the Elasmobranchii instead of an order as is cus-

tomary at present. The paper was discussed by Professors Os-

born and Huntington.

Mr. Weil described very briefly an abnormal course of the

trochlea nerve in a human embryo.

Dr. Wortman substituted the paper as given above for the

one which he was announced to give, viz., “‘ Notes on an Am-

phichelydian Tortoise from the Jurassic of Wyoming.

Dr. Wortman showed that the formation of the Cannon-bone

of the camels, represented possibly in potential, in forms as early

as Protylopus of the Eocene, and in various stages of develop-

ment in Pebrotherium, Protolabis, Procamelts and Auchenia down

to the modern Camels. The various stages in the process

were described as follows: 1st. There was a reduction of the

soft tissue between the metapodials and a flattening of the con-

tiguous sides with a consequent loss of motion of the bones upon

one another. 2nd. The articular surfaces were reduced and the

sides of the bones became roughened for the stronger attachment

of ligaments. 3rd. The bones became joined by the formation

dr”)

of bony tissue at the line of union, a suture marking the place of

contact. 4th. The bones finally became firmly united in a large

part of their extent, even the suture disappearing at an early

period of development of the individual.

Dr. Wortman considered these facts as evidence that the Can-

non-bone in its incipiency is the result of a senile change, 1. e.,

acquired with the age of the animal, and that, as evolution pro-

eressed, its formation was brought about earlier and earlier, until

in modern camels it is clearly an inter-uterine formation. This,

he maintained, is clearly an instance of the inheritance of an ac-

quired characteristic.

In discussing the paper, Professor Osborn remarked that un-

doubtedly these changes were acquired characters, but the induc-

624 RECORDS.

tion could not be safely made from them that acquired characters

are inherited. By the theory of ‘“‘ Organic Selection”? advanced

by Morgan, Baldwin and Osborn, such characteristics persist for

very long periods without becoming hereditary. Even as senile

characters, they are adaptive, and if they appeared in certain in-

dividuals at a slightly earlier age than others, those in which

they appeared earlier would possess a slight advantage over

others, and thus, after a very long period of time, probably thou-

sands of years, a senile character would become a juvenile char-

acter and finally a congenital or fully hereditary character, as in

the camels.

Professor Huntington exhibited a large number of slides to

show the variations in the Iliocolic Junction of different types of

vertebrates.

Gary N. CALKINS,

Secretary.

SECTION: OF GEOLOGY ANDAMINERALOGY

JANUARY 16, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Professor Kemp presiding. The min-

utes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved. The

following program was then offered :

F. J. H. Merrill, ON THE ORIGIN OF THE WHITE CLAYS OF

Lone ISLAND.

George F. Kunz, On THE FINDING oF NATIVE SILVER IN

Davipson Co., N. Y. ;

R. Ellsworth Call, THe Geotocy oF MAmMMotH CAVE.

Dr. Merrill described in his paper white clays as being

strongly marked at many points along the western part of the

north shore of Long Island in connection with the -Quarternary

deposits. In seeking for their source on the mainland he had

reached the conclusion that they are probably identical with

the white and vari-colored residual clays derived from the decom-

position of the limestone beds of New York and Westchester

Counties. If this be true, their absence farther east may be ex-

RECORDS. 625

plained. Dr. Merrill illustrated his paper with numerous spec-

imens of both the residual clays from the mainland and their

transported equivalents from Long Island, together with maps

and charts.

He also gave a brief account of some recent studies regard-

ing the peculiar course of the Hudson River in its passage

through the Highlands. He pointed out the fact that while the

general stream courses of the region are determined by the line

of strike, they are modified greatly by fault-lines having a some-

what N. W.—S. E. course, transverse to the strike. He next

showed that the sharp turn taken by the Hudson in cutting

through the Highland range diagonally, instead of conforming

to its trend, strongly suggested that in the same way it has here

followed a fault-line.

The paper was discussed with much interest by Professor

Dodge and other members.

Mr. Kunz in his paper described the aces of native silver

at Silver Hill, N. Y., where the metal occurs in peculiar fibrous

and minutely crystalline masses.. Specimens weighing over ten

ounces each of quite pure silver were exhibited.

Dr. Call read a very comprehensive paper dealing with the

origin, history and present condition of the Mammoth Cave, and

illustrating his remarks with an extended and beautiful series of

lantern slides and maps.

GEORGE F. Kunz,

Secretary.

SUB=SBeCTION OF ANDTHROROEOGM

INIDBES MC HOL OG Ne

JANUARY 23, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Professor Boas, presiding. The min-

utes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved.

The following program was then offered :

Charles H. Judd, THe Visuat Perception oF Linear Dis-

TANCES.

626 RECORDS.

B. B. Breese, A MoprricaTron oF PsycHopHysicAL METHODS.

A. Hrdlicka, THe Parnrine or Bones.

CHARLES B. BLIss,

Secretary.

PUBEVG MER @iUiRas:

JANUARY 30, 1899.

A lecture was given under the auspices of the Section of

Geology and Mineralogy by Rev. Horace C. Hovey, D.D., of

Newburyport, Mass., on THE REGION OF THE CAUSSES IN

FRANCE, THEIR CAVES, CANYONS AND PRE-HISTORIC REMAINS.

The lecture was followed with the greatest interest by the fifty

members present and at its conclusion a vote of thanks was ex-

tended to the speaker.

J. F. Kemp,

Secretary pro tem.

BUSINESS MEETING.

FEBRUARY 6, 1899.

Academy met at 8 P. M., Mr. P. H. Dudley, presiding.

The reading of the minutes of the last meeting was dispensed

with.

The Secretary presented the list of nominations of honorary

and corresponding members and fellows to be voted on at the

next annual meeting, which list had been prepared by the Council

in accordance with the by-laws.

The Secretary announced that Professor William Hallock was

to conduct the Sixth Annual Reception and Exhibition.

There being no further business, the Academy adjourned.

RicHaRD E. DopcE,

Recording Secretary.

RECORDS. 627

SHCRION OF ASTRONONDYE ANID Ee EOVSieS:

FEBRUARY 6, 1899.

Section met at 8.30 P. M., Mr. P. H. Dudley, presiding.

The following program was then offered :

L. J. R. Holst, THe INFLUENCE OF THE NEW JENA GLASS

ON MopErRN OPTICS.

Mr. Holst gave in his paper a short account of the develop-

ment of photography and photographic lenses, and in addition

showed a number of photographs taken with some of the stan-

dard lenses in regular use, as well as several that were taken by

a similar lens of Jena glass. The latter showed much better

definition over a broader field. A number of micro-photographs

were also exhibited, showing that with Jena glass a greater depth

of focus is obtained than with ordinary optical glass.

A general discussion on the paper followed and a vote of

thanks to Mr. Holst was tendered by the Section.

le AG, ois:

Secretary pro tem.

SECON? OF s BIOL O GN:

FEBRUARY 13, 1899.

The following program was offered :

Francis B. Sumner, OxsserRVATIONS ON THE GERM LAYERS

OF TELEOST FISHES.

Gary N. Calkins, THe Evorurion oF THE KARYOKINETIC

FIGURE.

Frederic S. Lee, THE Cause AND SIGNIFICANCE OF Mus-

CLE FATIGUE.

Owing to the severe storm on the night preceding it was

decided by the Chairman and the Secretary, that the meeting be

postponed.

Gary N. CALKINS,

Secretary.

628 RECORDS,

SECTION OF GEOLOGY “AND OMINE RAE OG ie

FEBRUARY 20, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Professor Kemp presiding. The min-

utes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved.

The Chairman announced his great regret that the speaker for

the evening, Professor R. D. Salisbury, who was to read a

paper on ‘‘The Surface Geology of New York and Vicinity,”

was unavoidably detained in Chicago, and had telegraphed his

regrets and apologies.

Dr. Wallace G. Levison gave a brief preliminary note on re-

cent experiments made by him in regard to the emission of

“uranium ’”’ or ‘‘ Becquerel”’ rays by certain uranium minerals,

especially uraninite. He wrote and drew figures on a card with

glue and covered the designs with powdered uraninite which

adhered to the marked portions. This card he then placed upon

a photographic plate that was completely wrapped in black

paper, and protected from contact with the uraninite and from

exposure to light-rays ; and in two or three days a sharp image

was produced on the plate. Further experiments had enabled

him to reduce the time. He was still engaged in these tests,

and had not intended to speak of them at present, but did so on

this occasion, as the regular paper had failed and the evening

was open,

The Chairman, Professor Kemp, stated that in Professor Sal-

isbury’s absence, he had undertaken to occupy a part of the

time and would give a paper ‘‘ON THE TITANIFEROUS MAGNE-

TITEs.”’ He described the two great groups of magnetites long

since recognized as with or without the presence of titanium, and

the mode of occurrence of the two, the purer magnetites chiefly

in granitic and gneissoid rocks, and the titaniferous ones closely

associated with rocks distinctly igneous, and apparently separated

out from them inthe process of cooling. He then discussed the

theories as to the manner in which the titanium was combined,

and the formulas proposed to express the relations which are

still matters of some uncertainty. The geographical occurrences

RECORDS. 629

were then dealt with, in Canada, the Adirondacks and Wyoming,

and abroad in Sweden and Norway. AQ series of analyses was

then presented on the screen, and the other relations of the var-

jous ingredients discussed, with special reference to replace-

MMEMLS WELG.

The results of many analyses were shown in a remarkably in-

teresting chart, in which the relations of the components were

plotted in curves, and important deductions were made possible

to the view.

Professor Dr. H. Lundbohm, of Sweden, was present and ad-

dressed the meeting by invitation. He expressed his great in-

terest in the paper of the Chairman and gave some additional

facts with regard to the titaniferous ores of Sweden.

Mr. Kunz raised the question, suggested by the chart, as to

the replacement of phosphoric acid by vanadic in the apatites as

in the lead compounds. The Chairman had distinctly noted the

fact that the chart showed the two acids to be present in inverse

relations but was not aware that the replacement had ever been

recognized with lime, as with lead, and thought the vanadium

more probably present in some other association, perhaps with

the chromium.

Another point, raised by Dr. Lundbohm, was treated, namely,

the especial superiority possessed by or claimed for some varieties

of iron made from titaniferous ores. The Chairman held that this

superiority for some purposes, such as car-wheels, might perhaps

be due to the presence of certain other elements associated in most

of these titaniferous ores such as small amounts of nickel, cobalt,

etc., rather than to the titanium, which is not generally regarded

as an advantageous ingredient.

There is trouble and cost in working these ores, which have

thus far made the attempts in many cases unprofitable in com-

petition with cheap and easily worked ores from Lake Superior

and Alabama; but there is no insuperable difficulty, and the

titaniferous ores constitute a great reserve supply for the future.

Professor D. 8. Martin read a short BloGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF

THE LATE Mr. CHartes W. A. HERRMANN of this city, who

died June 20, 1898, at the age of 97, and was long known in

630 RECORDS.

former years as a student, dealer and importer of minerals, and

exerted an important influence in the third quarter of this cen-

tury in making European minerals familiar and accessible to

American students and collectors.

GEORGE F. Kunz,

Secretary.

SUB-SECTION. OF ESYCHOLOGYAND

ANTPEROROROGN.

FEBRUARY 24, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Professor Bliss, presiding. The min-

utes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved.

The following program was then offered :

F. Boas, ON ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARTS.

F.C. Spencer, OriGIn AND PERSISTENT INFLUENCE OF Sa-

CRED NUMBER CONCEPTS.

R. 8S. Woodworth, THe Accuracy oF MOVEMENT.

CHARLES B. B.Iss,

Secretary.

ANNUAL MEETING.

FEBRUARY 27, 1899.

Academy met for the annual meeting with President Osborn

in the chair. The minutes of the last annual meeting were read

and approved.

The Corresponding Secretary reported concerning his work

during the previous year in correcting and arranging the list of

honorary and corresponding members, which work called for

an extensive amount of labor. The accompanying report of the

- Recording Secretary was then submitted, followed by the ac-

companying report of the Treasurer, which was referred to the

Finance Committee for auditing. ’

The Editor of the ANNALS made a verbal report of the progress

of the ANNars during the year, and of the many plans for the

RECORDS. 631

improvement of the Academy publications which he had been

able to put in operation.

The last official report was that of the Librarian, which is

herewith filed and which was read by the Recording Secretary.

The following nominations for honorary members were read

as selected by the Council :

ord hayleioh. Wi Ae): Cle ele) he walvovalelinstitus

tion of Great Britain, Albemarle street, Piccadilly, N. W., Lon-

don.

George Howard Darwin, M.A., F.R.S., Trinity College,

Cambridge, England.

Professor J. K. Rees spoke concerning Mr. George Howard

Darwin, and Professor Hallock and Professor Cattell concerning

Lord Rayleigh. The honorary members were then unanimously

elected.

The following list of corresponding members was nominated

by the Council, and the Secretary was instructed to cast one bal-

lot for their election, which was done:

Dr. Louis Dollo, Brussels, Belgium.

Dr. Otto Jaekel, Berlin, Germany.

Prof. Dr. Eberhard Fraas, Stuttgart, Germany.

Prof. Dr. Charles Depéret, Lyons, France.

Dr. C. W. Andrews, London, England.

Dr. Max Schlosser, Munich, Germany.

Mr. G. H. Boulenger, London, England.

Prof. G. B. Howes, London, England.

Dr. Walter Innes, Cairo, Egypt.

Dr. A. Liversidge, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Prof. Mansfield Merriman, South Bethlehem, Pa., U. S. A.

Dia Stuart WVellersGhicaco ll Wis) Ay

Prof. Ludwig Boltzmann, Vienna, Austria.

Dr. A. Smith Woodward, London, England.

Prof. Dr. Fried. Kohlrausch, Berlin, Germany.

Prof. R. H. Traquair, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Prof. W. C. Brogger, Christiania, Norway.

Mr. J. G. Baker, Kew, England.

Prof. Wilhelm Ostwald, Leipzig, Germany.

632 RECORDS.

The following list of resident members was nominated as Fel-

lows by the Council, and were all unanimously elected :

Prof. J. McK. Cattell, Prof. L. M. Underwood,

Dr. F. M. Chapman, Diy A. Blake:

Dr. TM ‘Cheesman’ Die Ge NEallkams:

Prot. De WwW. enne; Prof. G. S. Huntington,

Mr. W. T. Hornaday, Prot “Has wee

Prof. H. M. Howe, Prof, beavis erudden

Prot, Fea aeloy de Mr. G. van Ingen,

Dryky Mel Luquer Dr. J. L. Wortman.

Dr. Morris Loeb,

The President then appointed as tellers Professor Lee, Dr.

Wortman and Mr. Crampton, ballots were distributed, votes re-

ceived and counted, and the following officers for the succeeding

year were declared elected :

President—Henry F. Osborn.

First Vice-President—James F. Kemp.

Second Vice-President—Charles L. Bristol.

Corresponding Secretary—William Stratford.

Recording Secretary—Richard E. Dodge.

Treasurer—Charles F. Cox.

Librarian—Bashford Dean.

Councilors—Franz Boas, William Hallock, Charles A. Dore-

mus, Harold Jacoby, Lawrence A. McLouth, L. M. Underwood,

Curators—Harrison G. Dyar, Alexis A. Julien, George F.

Kunz, Louis H. Laudy, William D. Schoonmaker.

Finance Committee—Henry Dudley, John H. Hinton, Cor-

nelius Van Brunt.

At the close of the business part of the meeting Professor H.

F. Osborn delivered the Presidential address entitled THe Mam-

MALIAN SUCCESSION IN AMERICA AS COMPARED WITH THAT IN

EUROPE IN TERTIARY TIMES.

After adjournment an informal reception was held.

RicHARD E. DopcE,

Recording Secretary.

RECORDS. 633

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY.

The last year of the Academy has been a very satisfactory

one in many ways. The interest in our meetings and in our

work has continually increased, and is perhaps greater at the

present time than for many years. The membership has in-

creased extensively, and the affairs of the Academy are in a very

pleasing condition.

During the year from March 1, 1808, there have been seven

meetings of the Council, fourteen business meetings of the Acad-

emy, thirty-one meetings of the several sections, three public

lectures, and one public reception. The Sections of Astronomy

and Physics, of Biology, and of Geology and Mineralogy have

met each month, except that the Section of Biology lost a meet-

ing in February, owing to the severe storm. The Section of As-

tronomy and Physics had an additional meeting in June. The

Section of Anthropology, Psychology and Philology has been

divided into sub-sections, for the purposes of economy of effort,

and the sub-section of Anthropology and Psychology has held

four meetings, the sub-section of Philology two meetings. Par-

ticular mention should be made of the good work and increased

interest in the sub-section of Anthropology and Psychology,

largely due to the personal and persistent efforts of Dr. Boas.

During the year a total of ninety-four papers has been pre-

sented before the Academy, including those of three public lec-

tures. They may be classified as follows, viz.,

Anatomy 3. Comparative Geology 1. Petrography 4.

Anthropology 8. Descriptive Geology 7. Philology ro.

Archeology 2. Economic Geology 7. Physics 10.

Astronomy 3. Mechanics 5. Physiology 2.

Botany 1. Mineralogy 1. Psychology 7.

Chemistry 1. Paleontology 5. Sociology 17.

Thirty-seven members have been elected, twelve have resigned,

one has been dropped for non-payment of dues, leaving a total

of 350 on the secretary’s list, a difference of twenty over last

year. The nominations of two honorary members, twenty cor-

responding members, and seventeen fellows are now pending.

ANNALS N. Y. AcaD. Sci,, XII, June I, 1900-40.

634 RECORDS.

The Fifth Annual Reception, held in April last, was in some

ways the most successful in the history of the Academy, and was

certainly more scientific and pleasing. A very large number of

cuests attended during the two evenings and one afternoon of

the reception, and seemed extremely interested in the results

there exhibited. A number of changes in certain important

particulars have been made during the last year. The by-laws

have been very completely revised and simplified, and made

workable, particularly in such a way as to give the individual

sections and sectional officers more importance in the program,

and in reducing the number of business meetings at which the

Academy must be organized by the president and secretary to

one a month.

The public lectures have been established on a better footing

than heretofore, and have been announced as to date a year

in advance, and assigned to the various sections, so that each of

the different departments of science may be popularly represented.

During the summer the program of the meetings of the year,

containing also certain information for ready reference, was issued.

This program has been found very helpful and will probably be

continued. :

The publications of the Academy have been greatly improved

as to quality, appearance and dignity, by the change incorporated

in January last, when the TRANSACTIONS were abolished. The

thanks of the Academy are certainly due to our enthusiastic and

very careful Editor, Mr. van Ingen, for the great amount of work

and care that he has put upon the publications. It is through

the publications only that we are known abroad in the world,

and it is very necessary that we should thus appear in the most

favorable manner possible.

The Academy is in great need of more money for publication,

and our efforts should be devoted as fully as possible to the

securing of contributions for such work. We are continually

obliged to decline valuable scientific papers by our members be-

cause of lack of funds for printing. This is a condition of affairs

which should not be allowed to continue long. It is a great

pleasure to the Academy to feel that certain of the scientific

RECORDS. 635

wants of the city are soon to be met, owing to the encourage-

ment given by one of our Patrons who has always been inter-

ested in the Academy. I refer particularly to the gift to the

Scientific Alliance, of which the New York Academy of Sciences

is the original member, of $10,000 for a scientific building,

given by Mrs. Herrman. During the coming year it is hoped to

bring the several sections in touch so as to have a uniform policy

of procedure and the manner of printing the proceedings will be

simplified and unified. No special plans of procedure are under

discussion.

RicHARD E. Dopce,

Recording Secretary.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

For the Year Ending February 27, 1899.

RECEIPTS.

Balance on hand as per last Annual Re-

DOWD ee pia enya colli ty Sh Tea | $737.40

limeoune. IReinoneineae IwiaGl 5 355655455 50 $420.14

i Jeo IKeRNEICTOY JE UNA! 2 AG ben ole 61g 6 gO.00

eee NUD OMEbNUIN Ges fv. tae ae. ie ioe 89.86 600.00

(Sites MlemibpenshhipMibeeseiy. . ati ss) c oy : 600.00

MaTGIAbVOMULCS SW eh eieasi see tale eae 170.00

ANTONE IDES eX cid. 6 6 oe ee ec ae $ 40.00

io SO a bin oni6 6 Heo aR ere 135.00

ss IKSXOXG) Giro Jn “6S: Cece aR 2,155.00

ss SO Olmert teste tee cic Ns e's 70.00 2,400.00

$4,507.40

DISBURSEMENTS.

Costof jpulblishine: ANNALS cies... .: $2,105.02

Less amount contributed by Mr. R. Stuy-

WSSEN ONG se eNenaia. 81s G) cum eer ouataet dla 6 6: amen AVOW] EB O2 ono

Cost of publishing TRANSACTIONS........ 11.86

636 RECORDS.

Expenses of RecordinesSectetaives.. eae $336.47

: Corresponding Secretary... 11.36

eC - Dteasunier yn oe eae 39.71

ss Librarianicg Sas aeiee ace 45.00

ent, of (ROOMS ¥. i. - 2) eee Re eee 253.00

JanitorialleSenvices:.-c race eee ; 3.00

insurance! Premium 7-25 eee eae 5.00

Expenses of Wecturest( cis een ee 19.75

General Expenses ayia 172215

Expenses of Pith AnnualNeceptiony..: 580.82

Dues to the Scientific Alliance......... 66:02 4.017855

Balance Cash mow ont handa. see eee $1,489.85

DETAILS OF PERMANENT FUND.

Balance as per lastvAnnualtkteport..2 ee $698.68

Life Membership Fees received during the year.... 600.00

Initiation, Mees received dunes the year. yk 170.00

Balance mowsonw hance nro eee $1,468.68

DETAILS OF AUDUBON FUND.

Balance as per last Annual Neport -sa.6 eee $212.86

Accumulation of Income, during syeatas) rer 89.86

Balanceénew on hander eee ae ee $302.72

DETAILS OF GENERAL INCOME ACCOUNT.

Deficiency ‘as’ per lastyAnnualaeport.. .. sss $174.14

Cost of Publishing ANNALS and TRANSACTIONS..... 1,640.17

Expenses of Oficersye sec ates =, Xo ete ae eee 432.54

Rent of- Rooms), i 40 os Gee ena. «1 eee 253.00

Expenses of Filthy Annual@keception.. 2c eae 580.82

Other Expenses..s..)3 2) See». hee I11.02

$3,191.69

Income fron Permanenteslnimd. ..; Seer $420.14

iy Publicationjivend.. . 2ice er 90.00

Annual MDUCS.4.)... cee ene » cee 2,400.00 $2,910.14

Deficiency, due Permanent Fund. $281.55

RECORDS. 637

SUMMARY.

Balance toncredit of Rermanent Muncdaperer si $1,408.68

“ ud ulbomebiuinclherenesr i ar 3027/2

$1,771.40

isessD encit im General Income account. a ee 281.55

Balance yeashyjon hiancl aii ere ear $1,489.85

ASSETS.

GasheimiBa mle ia. c05 uv «cennen teeter et $1,489.85

Investments in Bonds and Mortgages :

aye Wermaneinesate IWIN oo ceo oa oe oe $8,402.75

alc Bublication: Funds seri. sl. 0. = 1,800.00

Aye \wiGholovorn Je WbaVel gto ecw no.6 aisia LHOVe25 U2.COOOO

Annual Dues in Arrears :

OT PSO tant eis eer ie eae ies 10.00

SPS OO RAM gr takin kos sas seetete nic 50.00

SE OOV Ot oie, ce a toy aa woe ee era ee 190.00

G5 TUS: 6 irs aaa ameter tic PeeN st 370.00 620.00

CHAU 5-5 cclioe 5 yB Sen eee Rr Rare EO $14,109.85

INSRASainsh amount last yeat. +. 4. o).). $13,207.40

Respectfully submitted,

C7 ie Coxe

Treasurer.

Above report has been compared with the Treasurer’s books

and vouchers and found correct.

Joun H. Hinton,

For the Finance Committee.

JEUNUNIWUEIL,- IRISIPOIR TT Qa Nala) ILJOS IK OAURIUAIN|,

FEBRUARY 27, 1899.

Since the last Annual Report of the Librarian, the library has

been removed from the old library building of Columbia Univer-

sity, and is now shelved in Schermerhorn Hall, in accordance

638 RECORDS.

with the terms of agreement between the Academy and the

University.

Dr. Bashford Dean has been especially active, as a member

of the Library Committee, in supervising the arrangement of the

books and in determining the sequence to be adopted.

The present room is ample for the accommodation of the

books at date, and space remains for a considerable amount of

expansion.

Everything relating to the library has necessarily been in a

more or less chaotic condition during the process of removal,

but from now on the books will be available for reference.

All the accessions during the year have been stored in the

gallery of the Museum of Fossil Plants and Vertebrates, in

Schermerhorn Hall. In the same gallery are also all the back

numbers of the Academy’s publications. The former should be

incorporated in the library as soon as possible, in order that we

may be in a position to know what numbers of any serials are

lacking. The latter should be carefully sorted and a certain

number of each issue should be filed where they can be readily

obtained for filling requests for back numbers, subscriptions, etc.,

and the remainder stored, either in packages or boxes, labelled

and arranged in sequence. In order that all this may be ac-

complished, considerable assistance will be required, which the

incoming librarian will be in a better position to recommend than

I can at the present time.

Mr. van Ingen reports concerning requests for back num-

bers that a large number of requests have been received during

the last two years, but until quite recently it has been impos-

sible to fill the orders because of the great confusion resulting

from the obligatory stacking of the back number in piles on the

floor of the gallery of room 104, Schermerhorn Hall. Lately

some order has been put into the mass, and all the requests

will soon have been attended to.

Accompanying this report are several communications received

by me as librarian and also accounts with vouchers, showing ex-

penditures on behalf of the library. A balance of $7.33 is in

my hands, which is subject to the instructions of the Academy.

RECORDS. 639

I would suggest that I be authorized to place it where it can be

available for the payment of expressage, postage due on returned

mail matter, and other incidentals.

Respectfully submitted,

ARTHUR HOLLICK,

Librarian.

BUSINESS MEETING.

Marcu 6, 1899.

Academy met at 8 P. M., Vice-President Kemp, presiding.

The minutes of the last business meeting were read and ap-

proved.

The following candidate for resident membership, approved by

the Council, was duly elected.

Gustav Langmann, 121 West 57th St.

The name of one candidate for resident membership was read

and referred to Council according to the by-laws.

There being no further business, the Academy adjourned.

RicHAarD E. DonceE,

Recording Secretary.

SECON, OF ASTRONOMY ANDIEEDYSIES:

Marcu 6, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Mr. P. H. Dudley presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was offered :

J. K. Rees, THE GREAT HorizonraL TELESCOPE FOR THE

PARIS EXPOSITION IN IQOO.

P. H. Dudley, Stresses IN RaiLts DUE TO THERMAL CHANGES.

The chairman called for nominations of officers to serve for

the ensuing year. Professor J. K. Rees, after a few introductory

remarks, nominated Professor M.1. Pupin for Chairman and Dr.

W.S. Day for Secretary. The candidates were unanimously

elected.

640 RECORDS.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

The paper by Professor Rees was illustrated by lantern views,

among which were several of the Yerkes Observatory in Wiscon-

sin, showing not only the great telescope itself, but also the

very large dome required in which to mount it. The author

then pointed out the problem that the French astronomers had

set before them, viz, to construct a telescope that should far sur-

pass the great Yerkes instrument. In order to avoid attempting

the construction of a dome for a telescope having a focal length

of 200 feet, which would be out of the question, they are build-

ing their telescope in a fixed horizontal position, directing the

light into it by means of a mirror that may be so moved as to

tollow the course of a star and so called a siderostat. Professor

Rees showed views of the details of the mirror, its mechanism

and the methods of polishing it. The object glass of the tele-

scope will be about 49 inches in diameter, and when the instru-

ment is completed, it will be the largest in the world.

Mr. Dudley in his paper showed that most of the heavy modern

rails are held so tightly by the bolts through the splices, that

when great falls of temperature occur, they may break, through

an ‘excessive tensil’ strain, before “they ‘can’ “render Sin vine

splices. On a rise of temperature, strains of compression are set

up, so that nearly all breakages occur on a drop in temperature.

R. Gorpon,

Secretary.

SECTION FOE BIOLOGNS

MARCH 13, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Professor Lee, presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of the Section were read and

approved.

The following program was then offered :

F. B. Summer, OssERVATIONS ON THE GERM LAYERS OF

TELEOST FISHES.

H. L. Clark, FurrHER NOTES ON THE ECHINODERMS OF

BERMUDA. Paper presented by Professor C. L. Bristol.

RECORDS. 641

Jonathan Dwight, Jr., THE SroueNces or MouLrs AND

PLUMAGES OF THE PASSERINE BirDs OF NEw YorK STATE.

The Chair appointed Professors H. F. Osborn and C. L.

Bristol and Mr. C. F. Cox a committee to consider and nominate

candidates for the grant of the John S. Newberry Research Fund.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Mr. Summer showed that Teleost eggs can be divided into

two types according to their approach to the holoblastic forms

of cleavage ; that germ disc and yolk cannot strictly be contrasted

as epiblast and hypoblast respectively; that the germ-ring

arises either by involution or delamination or both; that the

‘SErostomad oF Kuptier is al reality, his (contention) that tie

prostomia represents the entire blastopore being, however,

wrong ; that the hypoblast in the stone-cat-fish is derived

partly from the posterior lip of the prostoma and partly from the

germ-ring, perhaps wholly from the prostoma in the trout ; that

the function of Kupffer’s vesicle, which arises as a cleft between

the prostomal entoderm and the involuted margin of the blas-

toderm, is probably the absorption of fluid nutriment elaborated

from the yolk by the periblast.

Dr. Clark’s paper summed up the work on the Echinoderms

collected by the New York University Expedition in the summer

of ’97 and ’98, and presented a check list of the Echinoderms

thus far reported from Bermuda. The collection of 1898 was

especially rich in holothurians, containing many species hitherto

collected, adding several others to the list from Bermuda, and

one new to science. From his work on Stchopus, Dr. Clark

suggested that the different forms found in Bermuda may be ma-

ture and immature individuals of S. m0 (Semp.). Synapta

vivipora was found under conditions widely different from those

in Jamaica. The new Syzapta is allied to S. ezhaerens and Dr.

Clark has named it S. acanthia.

The Echinoderms from Bermuda are distributed as follows :

Asteroidae 4; Ophiuroidea 7 ; Echinoidae 8 ; Holothuroidae 10.

Dr. Dwight fully described the process of moult in its rela-

tion to the plumage of about one hundred and fifty species of

642 RECORDS.

land birds common to eastern North America. The early plum-

age of these birds was described together with the time and

method of the acquisition of later plumages. Stress was laid

upon the underlying principles of the sequence or succession of

plumages peculiar to each species, and the moults and plumages

were classified according to a definite scheme by the author.

Gary N. CaLkins,

Secretary.

SECTION, OF, GEOLOGY AND? MINE RAE @Eexe

MARCH 20, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Professor Kemp, presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was then offered :

Richard E. Dodge, A Lake History 1n NorTHERN NEW

York, illustrated by diagrams.

John D. Irving, THE GEoLoGy oF THE NORTHERN BLACK

HILLs AND THEIR SILICEOUS GOLD Ores, with illustrations by

lantern and by specimens.

Mr. G. F. Kunz was nominated and elected as Chairman, and

Dr. Alexis A. Julien as Secretary of Section for ensuing year.

The subject of Mr. Irving’s paper was further discussed by

Mr. John H. Caswell and by the Chairman.

A exis A. JULIEN,

Secretary.

SUB-SECTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND

PSYCHOLOGY:

MARCH 27, 1899.

The annual meeting of the Sub-section was called to order by

the Secretary of the Academy, Professor R. E. Dodge. The

following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Chairman,

Dr. Franz Boas’; Sectetarys Dr. C) Hy Judd:

RECORDS. 643

The following program was then presented :

Livingston Farrand, Nores or Cuitcorin MyrHo.oey.

M. H. Saville, Zarporecan ANTIQUITIES.

A. Hrdlicka, Zarorecan SKULLS.

‘Charles B. Bliss, Recent SuGGEstions For A New Psy-

CHOLOGY.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

In Dr. Farrand’s paper several typical myths of the Chilcotin

tribe were described and attention was called to similarities in

details between these and the traditions of neighboring tribes of

British Columbia. The bearing of these facts on the question of

transmission or independent origin of myths was discussed and

it was argued that while independent origin must be admitted as

a general principle, transmission must also be invoked to explain

certain similarities. The fact of transmission can be shown not

only on the inherent evidence of the traditions themselves but

also on historical evidences of the borrowing and adoption of

myths from other tribes within the memory of individuals still

living.

The next two papers described and discussed the results of

the recent expeditions to excavate among the Zapotecan ruins.

The third paper was a review of Rene Worms’ “ Psychologie

collective et psychologie individuelle,”’ a paper recently read by

Worms before L’ Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.

CHARLES H. Jupp,

Secretary.

SUB-SECRMON OF PHILOLOGY:

Monpay, Marcu 27, 1899.

Sub-section met at 8:30 P. M., Professor A. V. Williams Jack-

son, presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved. The names of two candidates for resident membership

were read and referred to the Council according to the By-Laws.

Mr. Jackson called attention to the coming address to be de-

livered before the Sub-section, on April 28, by Professor C. R.

Lanman, on THE New ScHoLar: His AIMS AND HIS PROBLEMS.

644 RECORDS.

The following program was offered :

E. H. Babbitt, CoLtLeEGE Worps AND PHRASES.

Louis H. Gray, ConrrisuTions TO AVESTAN SYNTAX, THE

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE.

A. V. Williams Jackson, Nores on THE DRAMA oF AN-

CIENT INDIA.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Mr. Babbitt first drew attention to the plan which had

been carried into effect by the American Dialect Society to col-

lect data with reference to collegiate vocabulary and students’

slang. He explained that more than one hundred replies

had been received from various colleges and these replies,

written on blanks prepared for the purpose, gave a good idea of

the words and phrases employed by students in different parts

of America in their academic relations, their sports and associa-

tions and in their daily college life. Mr. Babbitt gave results

from 700 or more titles and he drew attention to the Dialectic

Society’s forthcoming publication which would make current the

material gathered.

In the discussion which followed, Professor Kemp and Pro-

fessor Sihler—the latter an invited guest—commented on the

lists by making some additions and by comparing with German

university student phrases.

Mr. Gray, Fellow in Indo-Iranian languages at Columbia Uni-

versity, in the second communication of the evening, presented

some new and important syntactical results from the Avesta.

From an extensive study of the conditional sentence of the

Avesta, Mr. Gray was able for the first time clearly to prove the

exact points of resemblance between the Protasis and Apodosis

in Avestan as compared with the Sanskrit and the Greek. He

pointed out in detail in what respect the Avestan conditional

sentence was older than the Greek.

Professor Jackson presented some of the results of his

studies in the Sanskrit Drama with reference to the observance

or non-observance of the unity of time. He confined his dis-

cussion to the three extant plays of Kalidasa. He first showed

RECORDS. 645

by a detailed analysis that the action of the Drama Malavika is

comprised in six days ; the romantic plays Sakuntala and Urvasi,

on the other hand, cover a period of several years in their action.

The examination included an interpretation of several passages.

In the miscellaneous business Professor Sihler called attention

to the coming meeting of the American Philological Association

which is to be held at New York University in July. This will

be the first meeting of the association held in New York since

1876.

The question of the election of officers for the sub-section was

postponed. The sub-section then adjourned.

A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON,

Seeretary.

WEIGH C IMIS,

MARCH 31, 1899.

An illustrated lecture under the auspices of the Section of

Biology, by Professor Henry F. Osborn, and entitled, RECENT

DIscoVERIES AMONG THE D1nosaurs, drew a good-sized and in-

terested audience. Professor Osborn illustrated his description

by lantern slides and sections. At the close of the lecture a

vote of thanks was extended to the lecturer.

Francis E. Lioyp,

Secretary.

BUSINESS: MEETING:

ENPRIL: 3). NSOO-

Academy met at 8 P. M., President Osborn, presiding.

The minutes of the last business meeting were read and ap-

proved.

The Secretary reported from the Council as follows: That the

edition of the Annats, beginning with the first part of the volume

for 1899 will be increased from 1000 to 1250 copies.

The following candidates for resident membership, approved

by the Council, were duly elected:

646 RECORDS.

Woodbury G. Langdon, 719 Fifth Ave.

James P. Hall, Tribune Building.

James McNaughton, 1 Broadway.

L. J. R. Holst, 52 East Union Square.

William Dutcher, 525 Manhattan Ave.

The name of one candidate for resident membership was read

and referred to Council according to the By-laws.

The following paper was read by title, and referred to the

Publication Committee, viz.,

Theodore G. White, THE BLack River, TRENTON AND Urica

FoRMATIONS IN THE CHAMPLAIN VALLEY oF New YorK AND

VERMONT.

President Osborn then spoke at some length concerning the

work of the late Professor O. C. Marsh, of Yale University.

President Osborn spoke of the fact that the great trio of Ameri-

can vertebrate paleontologists, Leidy, Cope and Marsh, had

now passed away. He then considered in detail the results that

Professor Marsh had given to the world in the last twenty years

concerning vertebrate palazontology, and spoke particularly of

the importance of his discoveries concerning the ancestry of the

horse, and also concerning the great group of dinosaurs.

At the close of this brief but forceful eulogy, the Academy

adjourned.

RicHARD E. DOonGE,

Recording Secretary.

SECTION OR BIOLOGY:

APR BeTOOO:

Section met at 8 P. M., Professor F. S. Lee presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was then offered :

R. Ellsworth Call, THe ZooLocy or MAmMMoTH CAVE.

N. R. Harrington, THE SENFF ZooLOGICAL EXPEDITION.

RECORDS. 647

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Dr. Call records in this paper the number and classification of

the fauna of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. It includes remarks

on the distribution within the cave and on the habits of the sev-

eral forms. These habits were not dissimilar to those exhibited

by related groups not epigeal and were believed to be indicative of

out-of-doororigin. Thus, the habit of hiding under sticksand stones

in a region of perpetual darkness, from enemies who like them-

selves were devoid of eyes, or if possessing them, were so aborted

that they were useless, was cited as an indication that the earlier

ancestors of the present cave species were out-door species which

became adopted to their changed environment but had not lost

the habits acquired by their ancestor above ground.

The various forms of spiders, the coleoptera, the orthoptera,

all exhibit habits quite similar to those of species which live above

ground,

The so-called ‘cave rat,’’ popularly believed to be blind, is in

fact not so. Experiments on specimens kept in captivity for

some time seem to indicate that the power of vision was only

lessened, but not destroyed, by the change in environment.

The nest-building habits of the cave Weofoma were given at

some length and it was remarked that much of materials left by

earlier explorers was utilized by these animals for nest-building

materials. With this habit was correlated the supposed antiq-

uity of certain piles of canes, partly burnt, left by the aboriginal

visitors to the cave and commonly believed to be of very great

age from the fact that they were found under large rocks “‘ which

must have fallen after”? the piles were formed. This conclusion

was rendered invalid by the observation that many of these piles

contained the fragments of cane with burnt ends arranged in

every possible manner and were evidently simply carried thither

by these animals in building nests among the loose rocks. To-

bacco plant buds, acorns, hickory nuts, and similar miscellaneous

matters testify to the recency of these piles in opposition to the

theory of great age.

The colors of certain of the coleoptera, chestnut brown or

mahogany, were cited as an indication of rather recent origin, the

648 RECORDs.

forms not having lived long enough under ground to have lost

all color. It was shown that loss of coloration in pigmentation

was a slow process and had not yet been completed with these

forms.

Lantern slides and drawings illustrated the paper.

Mr. Harrington described the work of the expedition which was

directed to the lower Nile. The campaign of the English against

Khartum made it impossible to visit the upper Nile. Short

descriptions of a number of the fish of the region visited, and of

the method of fishing used by the natives were iliustrated, to-

gether with the work of the party, by specimens and lantern

slides.

A communication from Dr. Bashtord Dean was read recom-

mending Mr. Francis B. Sumner as the recipient of the grant

of the Newberry Research Fund for 1899. This recommenda-

tion had previously been approved by the sectional committee

on nominations.

Francis E. Lioyp,

Secretary.

SECTION OF ASTRONOMY. AN D SEV skes:

APRIL 10, 1899.

Section met at 8.15 P. M., Professor M. I. Pupin presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was then offered :

Cope Whitehouse, SoLar RADIATION.

A. S. Chessin, ON THE TEMPERATURE OF GASEOUS CELESTIAL

Bovis.

W. C. Kretz, ON THE PosITIONS AND PROPER MOTIONS OF

Stars IN Coma BeErEnIces, from Rutherfurd Photographs.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

In the second paper, Dr. Chessin showed that Dr. See’s so-

called law, R7 =a constant, was not a law at all, and was the

result of erroneous calculations. He also called attention to the

calculations of A. Ritter on the same subject, in ‘‘ Wiedemann’s

RECORDS. 649

Annalen”’ for 1878. He showed how far from applicable to

the actual facts most of these theoretical discussions and calcula-

tions are.

In the discussion Professor Pupin called attention to the fact

that in the concentration of a heavenly body the work done by

gravitation might be an excessively small fraction of the total

work done by all the forces, including particularly the forces of

chemical affinity. But we cannot at present base any calcula-

tions on these as we know so little about them.

Professor Rees said that if astronomers cannot yet solve these

problems, it is because they cannot get the proper knowledge

from the physicists on the physical parts of the question. _

took fourteen photographs in the years 1870, 1875, and 1876,

of the cluster in Coma Berenices. The positions of these stars

on the plates were measured with a Repsold measuring machine,

and the reduction was made by the method worked out by Pro-.

fessor Jacoby. Great precautions were taken to eliminate all

possible errors. The positions obtained were compared with

those obtained by Chase with the Yale heliometer in 1892. In

this manner a catalogue of the positions and proper motions o:

24 stars was obtained, which was the object of the research.

In the discussion, Professor Rees said that the Academy should

be proud of Mr. Rutherfurd. He also expressed appreciation

of the generosity of Miss Bruce, who has altogether given some-

thing over $22,000 for carrying out several important pieces of

work.

On motion of Professor Rees, it was voted that the paper be

referred to the publication committee of the Council.

The section then adjourned. Wm. S. Day,

Secretary.

SECTION OF CHhOLrOGY AND” MINERALOGY:

JVORIUL, 117, MEOIO

Section met at 8:15 P. M., Professor J. J. Stevenson presiding.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., XII, June 1 , 1900-41.

650 RECORDS.

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was then offered :

A. A. Julien, Nore on a FELDSPAR FROM THE CALUMET

CoppER MINE, KEWEENAW Point, MICH.

E. 0. Hovey, GEoLoGicAL AND MINERALOGICAL Nores GATH-

ERED DURING A COLLECTING TRIP IN RUSSIA.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

The feldspar from the Calumet Mine 1s of common occurrence

in museum-collections and was originally taken by some miner-

alogists as a form of leonhardite, but has since been generally

recognized as orthoclase, although this has not been confirmed

by any analysis on record.

Occurrence.—The specimens described below were gathered

from the outcrop of the vein at the Calumet Mine, a few days

after its first opening. The feldspar was here abundantly dis-

tributed through the cellular brownish material of the amygdal-

oidal melaphyre. It lined the sides of the cavities in crusts up

to I cm. in thickness, and even completely filled them, thus

making red aggregates 5 or 6 cm. in length, united by irregular

branching seams in an almost continuous network. The inter-

iors of these geodes were often completely filled with white cal-

cite, rarely showing minute strings of metallic copper. Else-

where the calcite had been partially or entirely removed,

showing the drusy surface of orthoclase, here and there studded

with green spots and films of malachite and chrysocolla, scales

of a white talc-like mineral and of brilliant black hematite and

dull films of pyrolusite.

Bright red rhombs of apparently the same feldspar also occur

at the Calumet Mine in the coarse copper-conglomerate, in two

associations: Ist. They lie enclosed within the brown jasper-like

pebbles of quartz-porphyry and felsite-porphyry. These rhombs

may vary up to I cm. or more in length, and their outlines are

often more or less rounded, like those of the associated grains

of gray quartz. They have been described by R. Pumpelly

(Geol. Survey Mich., I. (1873), Pt. II., p. 37), who also states,

RECORDS. 651

“Tt not rarely happens that in these flesh-red crystals there

appear dirty green portions exhibiting the twin-striation of

a triclinic variety. The feldspar is hard and brilliant, but is

nevertheless no longer intact ; under the glass the crystals ap-

pear cavernous, 10 per cent. or more of the substance being

gone.’ 2d. They are distributed through the interstices be-

tween the pebbles in still greater abundance, from 2 to 3 crys-

tals appearing on a square centimeter of surface, with contrast

brought out by their bright cleavage-faces on fracture. These

crystals commonly enclose minute films and granules of gray

quartz, and sometimes particles of gray to white calcite, but

never any metallic copper.

At the Portage Lake Mines in the cavities of the conglomerate,

the same bright red feldspar is commonly interspersed, often with

shining cleavage-faces on the fracture, but sometimes finely gran-

ular or dull and then approaching laumontite or other red

zeolite in appearance. They often vary from 5 to 10 mm. in

length and sometimes reach over 2 cm.

Albany and Boston Mine. The red feldspar-rhombs vary in

dimensions from 1 to 4 cm., within the interstices between the

pebbles. Epidote is a common associate with analcite, phrenite,

quartz, chlorite, calcite and metallic copper.

Huron Mine. The feldspar occurs as jin the preceding in

association with analcite, laumontite, epidote, calcite, quartz and

metallic copper.

Osceola Mine. The feldspar occurs in very minute granules,

less than 0.5 mm. across, but occasionally in larger grains, 4 to 9

mm. in length. The same red rhombs also occur in the cavities

of the amygdaloid which overlies the conglomerate.

Allouez Mine. Bright red shining rhombs of feldspar, up to

two or three mm. across, in the cavities of the conglomerate, as-

sociated with calcite, chalcotrichite, malachite and quartz.

Peninsula Mine. The coarse conglomerate contains the same

red feldspar in rather inconspicuous grains, mixed with calcite

and metallic copper. Occasional pebbles occur, up to 1.5 cm.

in length, chiefly made up of the same feldspar in aggregates of

shining grains, I to 1.5 mm. across, mixed with granules of gray

quartz.

652 RECORDS.

Rhode Island Mine. The sides of the cavities in the coarse

conglomerate are encrusted with similar salmon-colored to red

grains and crystals, usually less than 0.5 mm. across, but vary-

ing up to 3 mm. Coarse pebbles also occur here, up to 3 cm.

across, which seem to be made up of the same feldspar in dull

red grains.

Schoolcraft Mine. The amygdules in the trap (brown amygda-

loid) are lined by copper, forming the outer shell ; inner layer,

red feldspar with interior filling of calcite or delessite.

Orthoclase crystals have also been noted in the conglomerate

or amygdaloid, by H. Bauerman, R. Pumpelly and others, at

the Phenix, Bohemian, Amygdaloid, Bay State, St. Mary’s,

Southside, Evergreen Bluff, Michigan, Sheldon and Columbian,

Ossipee, and other mines of this district.

In the Ontonagon region, the cavities of the coarse conglom-

erate contain scattered crystals of the same red feldspar, 2 to 3

mm. across. Many pebbles of quartz-porphyry also occur,

whose small phenocrysts seem to consist of the same form of

orthoclase.

All the observations point to a wide distribution of this variety

of the mineral throughout the copper-bearing rocks of the Lake

Superior region, in the cavities of the conglomerate and of the

cellular traps.

Form.—Vhe crystals are invariably of a simple type, in most

cases rhombic prisms. In the drusy cavities of the amygdaloid

at the Calumet Mine, to which the following description applies,

the crystals display a single modification, an orthodome on the

opposite obtuse angles. Skeleton forms are also common, made

up of thin plates, sometimes bent, parallel, or arranged in empty

box-like outlines, following rhombic contours ; these are plainly

results of under-development from lack of material. But else-

where, in the cavities of the amygdaloid, some feldspar surfaces

present a corroded or eaten-out appearance, with dulled lustre,

perhaps affected by the same solvent which has carried away the

calcite from the core of these geodes.

Many faces and cleavage-planes also exhibit distinct curvature

which in some cases is due to many successive offsets of laminz

RECORDS. 653

with sudden projections of portions of the faces. Striations

sometimes occur on the faces of some crystals, not like those of

a plagioclase, but rather like insets of the feldspar along cleavage-

lines of the calcite-filling of the geode. The curvatures, slight

distortions and striations look like effects of intense pressure at

the contact-surfaces of feldspar and calcite.

Physical Characters.—Lustre almost vitreous. Color, deep

orange to brick-red. Hardness about 6.

Specie gravity, 2.455, 10 distilled: water at 21-«@. his is

extraordinarily low for the mineral, to which only one previous

determination corresponds, that of a reddish orthoclase from

Marienberg, Saxony, the gangue of tinstone, for which Kroner

found the specific gravity to be 2.44.

The mineral is opaque, and, in thin section under the microscope,

this is found to be due to the general diffusion of cloudy matter,

either white (kaolinic) or bright orange (iron-oxide), with scat-

tered black opaque granules. Translucent spots occur only at

rare intervals, and all the indications point to incipient alteration,

with little or no removal of material.

Many minute irregular clefts and fissures also traverse the

mineral, occupied by films of iron-oxide, and seem to indicate a

slight disintegration or shattering of the material, perhaps by ex-

pansion ; this also may have a bearing on the origin of the curva-

ture above described.

Chemical Composition.—The material for the analysis was care-

fully picked out to eliminate granules with adhering calcite, in

preference to treatment with dilute acid. The latent porosity of

the mineral and partial solubility of its amorphous coloring ma-

terial were shown by the bleaching produced on the edges of

fragments, after digestion in acids. The material was dried at

nK@@~ (Ce

The cobalt-oxide was verified by test of residue before the

blowpipe. This and the manganese-oxide may have been both

derived in part from a chlorite-mineral whose decomposition has

produced both the talc-like scales and black stains (pyrolusite)

within the geodes. The water, expelled only on ignition, may

have been retained in combination with decomposition-products,

and a part of the lime with undetermined carbonic acid.

654 RECORDS.

Molecular Ratio. Quantitative Ratio.

SOG teas ctaes GU. Olas Ja tesnatetrentenenses 1.025 4.100

EE Oates aticdes LOLS 7 oc vcntichie sone tases 106

INGOs em ba0s Ns OO oneshinameres seer ee nccree 037

x 858

Iie (Oh recnadcs LUBA Ree OE Ags eae O10

CoiOp ee Ri SIs anaaeen Sarhcise aceite a 002

Mig Oo aeace WOT Gucmmstanesceemenoecde ses 007

I Ones DATA G aioe nec teudoor ees 153

INE O)codone BOQ dssaeaveesesmascuerseces 048

“44

Nba OE esdocde Bole USE SERRE EN ee Cs o10

ln? Ora eeces DT Ainawarucusenseesecnce sees O4I

CaO meee. DHS aco nece cacecnckonees 020

In interpreting the formula of Orthoclase from these results,

with reference to the normal ratio of the quantivalences,

RRS alte fee lee

it seems necessary to assume an isomorphous substitution of a

part of the heptads by the dyads, here found in unusual

eXcess.

It also seems natural to connect this excess of protoxides with

the general incipient decomposition of the mineral, the minute

fractures throughout its material, possibly produced by expan-

sion through absorption of oxygen and water, its remarkably

low specific gravity, and perhaps the frequent curvature of its

faces and cleavage-planes.

Professor J. F. Kemp called attention to the unusual pres-

ence of cobalt-oxide in a feldspar, shown in the analysis.

Doctor Hovey then gave a very interesting description, with

lantern illustrations, of the geological and mineralogical excur-

sions in Russia, held in connection with the recent International

Congress. Many of the lantern pictures were beautifully col-

ored ; they referred in part to ethnographic observations ; and

the accompanying remarks awakened much interest.

ALEXIS A. JULIEN,

Secretary.

RECORDS. 655

SDGEH VANNUAL RECEEMON] NDE CHIBI TTONe

The Sixth Annual Reception and Exhibition was held April

19th and 20th at the American Museum. The affair was under

the charge of Professor Wm. Hallock, of Columbia University,

and was an unqualified success. The number of entries was

more limited than customary, and the exhibit thus showed more

clearly the progress of science during the year. The exhibition

remained open for two evenings and one afternoon and as usual

the first evening was devoted to a reception to the members of

the Scientific Alliance, and the second evening to a reception to

the interested public.

A full account of the reception appears in Sczence, for April

28, 1899.

RicHARD E. Dopcg,

Recording Secretary.

SUB-SHEHION OF ANTHRNOEOLOGY AND ESVe

CHOKOGY:

APRIL 24, 1899.

Section met at 8 P. M., Dr. Franz Boas presiding.

The following program was then offered :

E. A. Gerrard, AN OsjecTivE MErHop oF StTupYING Emo-

TIONAL EXPRESSION.

S. I. Franz, On AFTer-IMAGEs.

J. R. Swanton, THE STRUCTURE OF THE CHINOOK LANGUAGE.

Stansbury Hagar, THE AsTRONOMICAL COSMOGONY OF THE

PERUVIANS.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Mr. Gerrard’s paper presented methods for the study of emo-

tional expression as found in literary compositions. The relative

emotional values of the different parts of speech, of different

sentence lengths, and other variations in the kind of language

used and in its arrangement, were discussed and illustrated by

curves derived from a number of writings.

656 RECORDS.

Mr. Franz presented some results of experimental investiga-

tions of visual after-images. The latent period increases as the

area of stimulation decreases ; but it decreases as the intensity or

the duration of stimulation increases. The duration of the after-

image increases with any increase in the intensity, duration, and

area of the stimulation. The after-image of the colors in the

middle of the spectrum is not more intense than that of the ex-

treme colors if the intensity of the colors is first equalized. The de-

gree of attention is of the first importance in determining the dura-

tion of the after-image. Retinal transference is not real; its

apparent reality is due to the impossibility of distinguishing the

fields of vision of the two eyes.

Mr. Swanton. Discourse in the Chinook language shows

great lack of subordination, its short sentences following each

other without connectives. The verbs are aggregations of many

pronouns added to a short stem. They serve in this way to

epitomize the whole sentence, object and indirect object, as well

as subject.

Mr. Hagar. The Peruvians, contrary to the generally ac-

cepted opinion, were in possession of a large amount of astro-

nomical knowledge. It can be shown that they had a full

zodiac, and that their whole political as well as their religious

life was controlled by their astronomy. There are also many

striking similarities between their terminology and rites and

those of other, frequently very remote, peoples.

CHARLES H. JUDD,

Secretary.

PUBICLC Mae GUE.

UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE SUB-SECTION OF PHILOSOPHY.

APRIEN 28, 1800:

Professor Charles R. Lanman, of Harvard University, deliv-

ered a lecture on THE NEW SCHOLAR, HIS IDEAS AND PROBLEMS.

The lecture was a very interesting and thoughtful summary

RECORDS. 657

of the modern scholar’s ambitions and difficulties, and was fol-

lowed with pleasure by a good sized audience.

A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON,

Secretary.

BUSINESS MEETING.

May I, 1899.

Academy met at 8:15 P. M., President Osborn presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved.

The Secretary reported from the Council as follows: That it

had been voted to print a program for next year as had been done

for the year just ending. It was also voted that meetings be-

gin next year at 8:15 P. M. sharp. It was also voted to have

the Librarian prepare for publication in ANNALS a catalogue of

serials in Library.

The following Candidates for resident membership, approved

by the Council, were duly elected. |

Dire Nideprr2 ashOothy Street:

Professor Edward F. Buchner, 3 West 63d Street.

The Secretary announced that Professor Kemp had been

made a life member, in accordance with the regulations of the

By-Laws.

WiririAvie Ss) Dav.

Secretary pro tem.

SLCMON] OF ASTRONOMY AND? TERY SIGs:

May 1, 1899.

Section met at 8:25 P. M., Professor M. I. Pupin, presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was then offered :

M.1I. Pupin and 8. G. F. Townsend, MaGNetizaTion oF

IRON WITH ALTERNATING CURRENTS, PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT.

C. C. Trowbridge, PHosPHORESCENT SUBSTANCES AT LIQUID

AIR TEMPERATURES.

658 RECORDS.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

M. I. Pupin and 8. G. F. Townsend. The current wave in

a transformer with open secondary circuit is a complex harmonic

vibration, and the object of the research is to determine the am-

plitudes and phase relations of the components of the funda-

mental vibration.

The component due to eddy currents is determined from the

curves of electromotive force and current, together with the static

hysteresis loop for the given magnetization, by a graphical

method. The eddy current component is found to lag behind

the electromotive force. Also, the dynamic hysteresis loop is

shown to have a rounded point, as distinguished from the sharp

point characteristic of the static loop.

The phase of the fundamental of the total current is found by

means of a specially constructed phase-meter. Its amplitude is

determined from the electromotive force and total watts.

The remaining component to be determined is that due to hys-

teresis and induction reaction. This and the eddy current com-

ponent form two sides of a parallelogram of which the funda-

mental of the total current wave is the diagonal. If the last two

are determined in amplitude and phase, the fundamental of the

distorted wave of magnetizing current can readily be found.

The ultimate object of the investigation is to formulate the

laws which govern the reactions accompanying the magnetiza-

tion of iron by alternating currents.

C. C. Trowbridge. Calcium sulphide, made phosphorescent

by exposure to sunlight at ordinary temperatures, was made

non-luminous by immersion in liquid air. Then when allowed

to heat up gradually to normal temperature, the phosphorescence

again became visible at about —100° to —75° C. The same ma-

terial, if exposed to sunlight while immersed in liquid air, phos-

phoresced faintly while still immersed. When exposed to the

electric arc it phosphoresced strongly. In both of these cases

the phosphorescence became brighter when the temperature

was raised. From these results and what was previously known,

it was concluded that when a phosphorescent substance, like cal-

cium sulphide, is excited by light, the phosphorescent energy will

RECORDS. 659

be given up at the temperature of excitation, even when as low

as —190° C., but if it is cooled below the temperature of excitation,

the phosphorescent discharge is arrested, and remains so until

the temperature is raised again until it is within at least 100° of

the temperature of excitation.

It was found that calcium tungstate which gives a whitish

fluorescence when exposed to Roentgen rays, gave a green

phosphorescence when exposed to light while immersed in liquid

air.

Wm. S. Day.

Secretary.

SP CHOON OR BIOLOGY:

May 8, 1899.

Section meh at S310 E.Mey Professor he S.)Weenoresidines

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was then offered :

W.R. Rankin, Notes on THE CRUSTACEA OF BERMUDA, COoL-

LECTED BY THE NEw York UNIveERsITY EXPEDITIONS OF 1897

AND 1808.

H. F. Osborn, Upon THE STRUCTURE OF THE FEET OF THE

MuLe-FootTepD Hoc oF TEXxas.

H. F. Osborn, Upon a ComMpLeTeE SKELETON OF TYLOSAURUS

DyspELor, INCLUDING THE CARTILAGINOUS STERNUM.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Professor Rankin’s paper gives a list of 61 recorded species

of crustacea from the Bermuda Islands. The paper appears in

full on pages 521-548 of the present volume of the ANNALS.

Of the total number of species, 43 were found by the expedi-

tion, and notes on their distribution are given. Eight of these

43 species are new to the Bermudas, and two, Weka dermudensis

and: Alpheus lancirostris are new species. The genus ka is for

the first time recorded from the West Atlantic region.

660 RECORDS.

The physical conditions of the islands are touched on, and

the crustacea are shown to be in the main similar to those found

in the West Indies and the adjacent coasts of America; though

18 have a more or less extended range over both hemispheres.

Professor Osborn reported upon the anatomy of the feet of a

specimen of the well known ‘“ mule-footed hog” of Texas, re-

cently presented to the Zoological Museum of Columbia by Dr.

Wickes Washburn. Externally the feet present the appearance

of complete fusion of the third and fourth toes. Internally, how-

ever, considerable differences are observed. In the pes, the third

and fourth metapodials and the first phalanges are entirely sep-

arated and normal, and the second pair of phalanges are closely

united and the terminal phalanx is also closely united, so it has

the appearance of a single element. The fusion is less advanced

in the manus; here the metapodials, first and second phalanges

are separate, one of the second phalanges being abnormally

hypertrophied and a supernumerary element being inserted be-

neath it. The terminal phalanges are very firmly united into a

single element, which holds the bones above it together.

Discussion followed, during the course of which, Professor Bris-

tol stated that a large number of experiments were being carried

on at a western ranch to ascertain the effects of breeding upon

this peculiar variety. Professor Osborn remarked that this

anomaly presented an interesting case of the persistence of a

character which must have originated as a sport.

Professor Osborn’s second paper included a description of the

remarkable complete skeleton of a Mosasaur, recently mounted

in the American Museum of Natural History. The skeleton

was procured in 1897, from the famous Smoky Hill Cre-

taceous beds of Kansas, through Mr. Bourne and has been

worked out with the greatest care. It is practically complete as

far back as the 78th caudal, and the bones are approximately in

position, including the fore and hind paddle and, what is more

remarkable, almost complete cartilaginous sternum, sternal ribs

and epicoracoids. The species represents the largest type of

American Mosasaur, 7ylosaurus dyspelor Cope. As illustrated by

numerous photographs and drawings, the specimen throws a

RECORDS. 661

flood of new light upon the structure of the Mosasaurs. The

principal characters are the following: 7 cervicals, 10 dorsals

connected with the sternum by cartilaginous ribs, 12 dorsals

with floating ribs, 1 sacral and 72 caudals (out of a total num-

ber of 86); coracoids connected by broad epicoracoids having a

transverse diameter of 22 cm. The sternum is triangular in

shape tapering posteriorly and having the general form of that

in 7rachydosaurus. There is no evidence of an episternum, the

shoulder girdle in general being more degenerate than Platacar-

pus, in which an episternum has been observed. The fore

paddles are smaller than the hind ones and include two coosified

carpals. The fifth digit is somewhat enlarged and set well apart

from the others. The hind paddle is slightly larger and very

completely preserved. The tail is remarkable in presenting an

upward curvature in the mid region, which probably supported

a prominent caudal fin, but it is not angulated as in /chthyosaurus.

The skull shows the presence of epipterygoids. The total

length of the skeleton as preserved is a little over 27 feet, the

estimated total length of the animal is 30 feet. In mounting a

single large panel has been used, the animal lying upon its ven-

tral surface, with the paddles outstretched, the sides of the back

bone curved in a graceful manner exactly as originally imbedded

in the matrix.

FRANcIS E.*Lioyb,

Secretary.

SECHON OF GEOLOGY AND) MINERALOGY:

May 15, 1899.

Section met atve.15 kb. Vi Dr AYA ulientpresidine.y Uhe

minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved.

The following program was then offered : :

Arthur Hollick, A REcONNOISSANCE OF THE ELIZABETH Is-

LANDS, MASSACHUSETTS.

W. Goold Levison, Norrs on: (1) PHoroGRapHs oF M1n-

ERALS FOR ILLUSTRATING Books AND LECTURES.

662 RECORDS.

(2) PHOTOMICROGRAPHS OF OPpaQguE Microscopic MINERALS

FOR ILLUSTRATING Books AND LECTURES.

(3) A Meron oF SHOWING THE ACTION UPON PHOTOGRAPHIC

PLATES, OF BECQUEREL RAYS FROM MINERALS, SERVING AS A

TEST TO DETECT THE EMISSION OF SUCH Rays.

Above illustrated by lantern slides.

(4) DeraAcHABLE Foor FOR A PORTABLE MICROSCOPE.

(5) PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND

SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A MINERAL FROM THE Topaz Lo-

CALITY, HUBBARD MINE, TRUMBULL, CONNECTICUT.

Heinrich Ries, PReLrminary NoTres ON THE PuysicaL PRo-

PERTIES OF CLAYS.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Doctor Hollick’s paper was illustrated by specimens, photo-

graphs, sketches and charts. The Elizabeth Islands extend in

a southwesterly direction from Wood’s Hole, Mass., forming

the barrier between Buzzard’s Bay on the north and Vineyard

Sound on the south. The principal islands are five in number,

and beginning at the eastern end of the group they are known

as Naushon, including Nonamessett, Uncatina, Pine Island, Buck

Island and the Weepeckets, Pasque, Nashaweena, Penikese (in-

cluding Gull Island), and Cuttyhunk. Little or nothing has

been written in regard to them for the reason that each island,

with the exception of Cuttyhunk, on which there are a num-

ber of separate holdings, belongs to some one individual, family

or corporation; hence there is no line of public travel to or

through them and no house of public enter tainment, except in

connection with Cuttyhunk. The trip occupied a week and was

made possible through the courtesy and kindness of the owners.

Taken as a whole the islands represent a partially submerged

morainal ridge, which has become separated into islands and iso-

lated from the mainland in recent geological times. They ap-

parently represent a later, more northern branch of the terminal

moraine, the southern or older portion of which is represented

by Montauk Point, Block Island and Martha’s Vineyard. One

RECORDS. 663

of the most interesting discoveries was an exposure of plastic and

lignitic clay, presumably Cretaceous in age, on the south side of

Nonamessett. The proximity of this locality to the mainland

leads to the inference that other deposits of the same age,

which have escaped erosion, may be found further north, up

the old estuaries, where theoretically the formation once ex-

tended. The general surface features of the islands are such

as are characteristic of typical morainal regions, consisting of

rounded hills and corresponding depressions, many of the latter

occupied by ponds or swamps.

In the discussion, replying to an inquiry by Professor Kemp,

Dr. Hollick stated that only indefinite lignite remains had been

detected in the deposits, and that no ilmenite boulders had been

recognized. The chairman explained that the P:mus rigida, of

sparse occurrence on Naushon, was the prevailing conifer along

the south shore of Cape Cod to the eastward, while, on the other

hand, the beech was rarely found on the Cape. The morainic

chain of the Elizabeth Islands extended to the northerly part

of the Cape, in Brewster and Orleans, separated from the south

shore by modified glacial deposits in Dennis, Harwich and

Chatham.

Professor R. BE. Dodge was inclined to believe that the whole as-

pect of the topography of these islands was that of a drowned shore-

line, modified by subsequent erosive action, probably not caused

by easterly winds.

Professor J. F. Kemp favored the view of the author, that

present erosive action was mainly concerned; and Dr. Hollick

pointed out that the prevailing direction of the wind was south-

east, that extremely violent currents prevailed in the channels,

especially during ebb-tides, that sandspits occurred only at the

east end of the channels, and that, during the process of sinking

and erosion, the embayments deepened, met and united, and

thus the channels were cut through.

Doctor Levison exhibited by the lantern six photographs

of minerals, natrolite and calcite, taken by reflected light ; four

enlargements of photomicrographs, by reflected light, of minute

groups of aragonite, apophyllite and stilbite; a new method of

664 RECORDS.

showing the photographic action of the Becquerel rays on a

sensitive plate, by use of a written inscription on a card, in the

form of a glue-line dusted with the powdered uraninite ; a simple

mode of attachment of a separate foot to a microscope, in order

to render it portable; and read a note on a visit to the Hub-

bard Mine, Fairfield County, Connecticut, with description and

analysis of apparently a new lithia mineral from that locality.

The Chairman suggested that such photographic enlargements

might be of great service for study of faces and even goniometric

determinations on very minute crystals, where numbers of such

crystals were arranged in coincident planes and proper adjust-

ments could be made.

In the absence of Dr. Ries, an abstract of his paper was pre-

sented by Professor Kemp, with emphasis on two important con-

clusions: first, that the plasticity of clays was not caused by the

predominance of any particular constituent, such as kaolin, but

by the physical coherence of minute surfaces; second, that

the fusibility of clays was due, not so much to their mineral

components, but to their ultimate chemical composition, and that

this could be therefore practically improved, when necessary, by

intermixture with the proper constituents.

The Academy then adjourned to October 2, 1899.

ALEXIS A. JULIEN,

‘ Secretary.

BUSINESS MEETING.

OCTOBER 2, 1899.

Academy met at 8 P. M., Professor Osborn, presiding. The

minutes of the last business meeting were read and approved.

The Secretary reported from the Council that Doctor Theo-

dore G. White had been made a life member, in accordance with

the regulations of the By-Laws.

The president welcomed the members of the Academy to the

Session, 18g9—1900, and spoke of the promise of a very interest-

ing series of meetings during the winter, covering the reports and

RECORDS. 665

papers based upon observations made during the previous sum-

mer. In this connection he alluded to the activity of members

of the Academy in many widely different fields of research, and

to the death of Mr. Nathan R. Harrington, whose plans for an

expedition up the Nile had been presented at one of the last

meetings of the Academy. Allusion was also made to the loss

the Academy had sustained in the death of Judge Charles P. Daly.

Two members of the Academy had been recently elected to im-

portant offices in the American Association for the Advancement

of Science, and it is incumbeht upon the Academy to prepare for

the meeting of the Association in New York City during the

month of June, 1900.

A committee consisting of Professors Kemp, Britton and

Stevenson was appointed to draw up suitable resolutions con-

cerning Judge Charles P. Daly.

RIcHARD E. Dopee,

Recording Secretary.

SECON, OF FAST RONOMYAUAN DP EMSIeS:.

OCTOBER 2, 1899. 3

Section met at 8.40 P. M., Professor M. I. Pupin, presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of the Section were read and

approved.

The following program was offered :

William Hallock, Compounp Harmonic VIBRATIONS OF A

STRING.

SUMMARY OF PAPER.

Professor Hallock. Some German investigators have ex-

perimentally determined by photography the motion of a point

of a string. The vibration varies of course according to the

part of the string bowed, the speed, the kind of bow, etc.

This communication consisted essentially of a set of curves

showing successive positions of a string vibrating under the influ-

ence of a fundamental, and the first seven overtones, each curve

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sci., XII, June 1, 1900— 42.

666 RECORDS.

showing the position of the string at a particular instant. Sixteen

such curves were shown for the first sixteen sixty-fourths of a

complete period of the fundamental. The amplitude of the com-

ponent was proportional to the wave-lengths, in each case.

Thirty-two points were computed for each curve.

Each curve is computed from the formula

: bien. £4 : Ces Za

y, = @ Sin 27 si 27 + dsin 27 += sin 27 — + ete.

r ie L, I, L,

: i SG:

4+ Asin 27 => sin 27 iE

8 8

In the discussion, Professor Pupin said that it would be interest-

ing to photograph the vibration of a string loaded, and then un-

loaded. Such a study might help our theories of electrical

waves along a cable.

Wmn.-S. Day,

Secretary.

SECTION OF? BIOLOGY

OCTOBER 9, 1899.

Section met at 8:15 P. M., Professor Frederic S. Lee, presid-

ing. The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and

approved. The names of 4 candidates for resident membership

were read and referred to the Council according to the By-Laws.

The evening was devoted to reports of the past summer’s

work by a number of members.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS,

Professor H. F. Osborn gave an account of the ExPLORATION

BY THE AMERICAN Museum Party IN THE Como BeEDs OF SOUTH-

ERN WyomING, and of further work in the Bone Cabin Quarry,

which resulted in the discovery of a large number of the remains

RECORDS. 667

of Dinosaurs. Four miles distant a L7vontosaur skeleton was

found. Parties were also sent to the Freeze-out Mountains and

north to the Rattlesnake Mountains, but without success.

Professor E. B. Wilson reported upon his SEARCH IN Ecypr

FOR PoLyprerus, which. resulted in the obtaining of a few fine

females, but with unripe ovaries; this was in winter, between

Assuan and Mansourah. Professor Wilson reported also the

rediscovery by him of the gillbearing earthworm, A/ma.

Professor Bashford Dean reported on the work of the Seconp

SENFF EXPEDITION TO THE Nive, and spoke of the death of

Nathan Russell Harrington, the senior member of the party.

Mr. Harrington had for four years identified himself with the

Biological Section, and had left with it an enviable example of

energetic and persistent effort to complete an important research

and of sacrifice and devotion to a life-work.

Professor Dean further reported on his work on the California

coast while a guest of Stanford University. He was successful

during the present summer in obtaining a number of freshly

hatched young of Sdellostoma, and many developmental stages

of Chimara collier.

Doctor G. N. Calkins reported the passing of a successful sum-

mer at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Wood’s Hole, where

he was at work upon the Protozoa.

Professor F. E. Lloyd gave a brief account of a collecting trip

in Vermont, embodying some remarks upon certain species of

Lycopodium found there. He also reported upon the marked

success of the Biological Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor

during the summer.

Professor F. §. Lee spoke on the continuation of his experi-

mental work upon the lateral line in fishes, conducted at Woods

Hole. Francis E. Lioyp,

Secretary.

SECRION Ob GEOLOGN AND MINE KANE OGY®

OCTOBER 16, 1899.

Section met at 3 P.M.) Mri Geo. F. Kunz, presiding. The

668 RECORDS.

minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved.

The following program was then offered :

G. F. Kunz, Exurpirions oF Various MINERALOGICAL SPECI-

MENS.

J. F. Kemp, On THE OCCURRENCE OF IDOCRASE AT SEVEN

Devits, MONTANA. :

J. J. Stevenson, THE SECTION AT SCHOHARIE, NEW YorK.

J. F. Kemp, GEoLocicaL SURVEY OF THE ADIRONDACK RE-

GION.

H. F. Osborn, Visir ro THE Como BLUFFS SECTION.

R. E. Dodge, Work at PuEBLo Bonito, NEw Mexico.

A. A. Julien, DisrriBuTion oF Opa or HYALITE.

G. F. Kunz, Vistr To THE ANcIENT LOCALITY OF JADE AT

JORDANSMUHL NEAR BRESLAU, GERMANY.

E. O. Hovey, Excursion To YELLOWSTONE PARK.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Mr. Kunz exhibited the following specimens :

Idocrase crystals in compact erubescite, from vicinity of Bose-

man, Montana.

Precious opal cementing a fine sandstone, from Alabama.

Struvite from the old locality at Hamburg, Germany, col-

lected about fifty years ago by Mr. Bartha.

Illustrations from the Imperial Printing Works at Vienna,

Austria. These were manufactured by the process of covering

the surface of the fossil or other natural object with a thin coat-

ing of molybdenite; running between rollers: connecting the

film with galvanic battery in a bath of metallic salt and printing

from electrotype thus produced.

Professor Kemp remarked on the occurrence of idocrase,

garnet and epidote together with copper ores, at the contact

zones of eruptives on limestones, as illustrated by various copper

deposits in the Western states, ¢. ¢., at Seven Devils in Montana,

where epidote and hematite contain bornite, and, in a number

of places in Mexico, where epidote, idocrase and garnet have

served as characteristic minerals for the identification of such

zones,

RECORDS. 669

The regular paper of the evening was then delivered by Pro-

fessor Stevenson. The Schoharie valley is an indentation in the

Helderberg mountains, about 35 miles southwest from Albany,

New York. It shows a section from the Hudson to the Ham-

ilton groups with almost continuous exposures at various locali-

ties. This was examined during the summer of 1899 with the

view of making comparisons with conditions observed in parts of

the Appalachian region, within Pennsylvania and Virginia.

There are some notable contrasts between the northern and

the southern sections. At Schoharie, the Medina is wanting

and the greenish shales of Clinton rest on the Hudson. In

southern Pennsylvania and in Virginia the red and white Medina

are both present and Hudson forms pass upward into the red

Medina, occurring abundantly in southwest Virginia in a bed

100 feet below the white Medina. At Schoharie, the Niagara is

differentiated physically from the overlying Waterlime, but much

of the Niagara fauna passes into the Waterlime; in localities

further west and south, the Salina shales intervene and there is

no passage of fauna. The upper Waterlime at Schoharie differs

ereatly in color and composition from the Tentaculite or lower

division of the Helderberg, but at least two forms, most charac-

teristic of the Tentaculite, are found in the upper waterlime.

These forms were not observed by the writer in the Waterlime of

southern Pennsylvania. The several subdivisions of the Helder-

berg are very distinct physically, the boundaries of each being

sharply defined ; but the physical changes were such as to cause

only gradual disappearance of the several faunas and forms,

which persist throughout, showing little variation. The passage

from Helderberg to Oriskany at Schoharie is abrupt to the last

degree—from a very good limestone to a ferruginous and only

slightly calcareous sandstone. The faunal change is as abrupt

as the physical. Here again the contrast is very great, for in

southern Pennsylvania the passage from Helderberg to Oriskany

is very gradual, through a silicious limestone containing forms

belonging to each. In southwest Virginia, the upper part of the

Helderberg becomes silicious and in some localities is almost a

sandstone.

670 RECORDS.

Doctor Hovey then referred to some recent observations on

evidences of glaciation in a quarry at Schoharie, the surface of

the limestone showing a very smooth planing with very minute

scratches, though some grooves occur which are quite deep.

Professor Stevenson pointed out that the pre-glacial form of

the valley was clearly about the same as at present, the action

ot the glacier having been entirely ineffective. On some of the

projecting limestone beds, the edges have been just rounded off,

while the face of the step has entirely escaped glaciation; on

others the face also is smoothed and striated. In his view the

opportunities for palazontological research were far from being

exhausted in the Schoharie Valley, and he referred to the sup-

plies of fossils stored up in certain stone fences, and the dangers

to be incurred from indignant farmers.

The Chairman related incidents connected with the arrest of

Mr. J. De Morgan at a visit in 1877, for breaking down stone

walls, and his rescue by the village tailor.

Professor Osborn stated that the results of an excursion to the

Schoharie Valley in 1876, in which he participated, led to the

formation of the first scientific expedition of Princeton College.

Professor D. 8. Martin also gave reminiscences of an early

visit to this classic locality.

The Chairman called upon the members present to present

notes on geological observations during the last summer.

Professor Kemp reported on the progress of his geological

survey of the Adirondack region. One result was the recogni-

tion of a true quartzite of pre-Cambrian date, affording thus a

fragmental sediment. The sedimentary rocks in the region he

found to be widely charged with graphite, indicating an abundance

of organic life in pre-Cambrian time. Further types of eruptive

rocks had also been identified to fill up gaps in known series.

Professor Osborn related some results of a visit, with Dr.

Matthew, to the Como Bluffs Section, south of the Union Pa-

cific R. R., 3 hours west of Laramie; the more certain estab-

lishment of its Jurassic character with a bed containing remains

of Dinosaurus about 40 feet below the top (a fresh water de-

posit), while in the marine beds beneath, Belemnites and Betan-

RECORDS. 671

odon were found, the latter serving as nuclei for large concre-

tions. The search for skeletons was no longer confined to the

bluffs, but chiefly directed to the level grass lands below.

Quarries have been plotted in detail, during this excursion, for

exact location of bones hitherto discovered. On the slopes of

.the Freeze-out Mountains, fine outcrops of underlying Trias

were recognized, in probable substantiation of Professor Marsh’s

conclusion as to the existence of the Jurassic below.

He also described the mode of occurrence of the mastodon

recently found by a German, while digging in his market garden,

three miles back of Newburgh, N. Y. The skull was first

found and was injured by the excavator; afterward the tusks,

backbone, scapula and pelvis, but no limb bones. The associa-

tion of many stems, gnawed by beavers, indicated the probability

of a series of dams, which successively caused a rising of the

waters and the deposit of the layers of humus, etc., over these

bones.

Professor Dodge gave a preliminary account of his work

at Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico, during the summer. The object

of the work was to find evidence concerning the antiquity of

the Pueblo ruins in the Chaco Canon. The evidence to be ob-

tained from the deposits on which the ruins are situated, seems

to indicate a very long occupation of the country previous to the

desertion of the ruins.

Doctor Julien discussed the common distribution of opal

or hyalite ; the exclusively recent character of all existing occur-

rences of this mineral, in seams, veins and contact deposits ; its

transitional and unstable character and ready passage into more

permanent forms of silica; its apparent survival in small propor-

tion in the soluble pazt of chalcedony and its varieties; the

probability that some of the known geological aggregations of

amorphous silica (chert, hornstone, etc.) were not deposited as

such, but originally in the form of opaline silica; and the office

of this diffused mineralizer in the silicification of fossils.

Mr. Kunz described his recent visit to the ancient locality

of jade (nephrite) at Jordansmuhl, near Breslau, Germany,

with the special object of study of the minerals associated with

672 RECORDS.

jade. In an ancient quarry for road material, immense masses

of zoisite-quartzite occurred, forming columns thirty feet in

height. In one of these a single mass of pure jade was found,

4,817 pounds in weight, which was separated and has been

transported to this country. This is estimated to be five times

the bulk of all the jade implements now stored in European

museums, and this implies that there is no need to search for an

Asiatic origin of their material. A similar deposit of nephrite in

place was discovered in 1897 by Professor Jascewski at Cham

Folga and Onot in eastern Siberia. .

Doctor Hovey presented some notes of an excursion with Pro-

fessor Iddings to the Yellowstone Park, with its novel oppor-

tunities of geologizing with a field glass. In the Black Hills the

picturesque Pinnacles were described, which have been produced

by the resistance of pegmatite-veins to erosion; the red beds,

in which a layer of ancient oyster-shells was examined; the

Wind Cave, with its stalactites ; and the spodumene deposits in

abandoned tin drifts, where the spodumene crystals lie like logs,

often 30 feet in length and 30 to 4o inches across, commonly

mined and shipped to New York for the extraction of lithia,

while the accompanying tin ore is thrown aside.

ALEXIS AN WIUUBING

Secretary.

SECTION: OF “ANTEROPOLOGY AND

POVCHOROGY.

OCTOBER 23, 1899.

Section met at - 3.15) «P2 Mey Dr. EP. Boas, aresidine tne

minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved.

The following program was then offered :

E. L. Thorndike, ON Menta FariIGcue.

Livingston Farrand, Baskerry DEsIGN OF THE SALISH

INDIANS.

Charles H. Judd, Movement AND CONSCIOUSNESS.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Dr. Thorndike stated that mental fatigue may mean either

"RECORDS. 673

the fact of incompetency to do certain mental work or a feeling

of incompetency which parallels the fact or the feeling or feel-

ings denoted by our common expressions ‘“ mentally tired,”’

‘“mentally exhausted.’ Among the conclusions to which the

experiments have lead are the following: first, that the fact of

incompetency is not what it has been supposed to be; second,

that there is no pure feeling of incompetency which parallels it

and is its sign, that consequently the mental states ordinarily de-

signated by the phrases mentioned are not states made up of

such a feeling of incompetency, but are very complex affairs ;

and third, that these mental states are in no sense parallels or

measures of the decrease in ability to do mental work. The ex-

periments show no decrease in amount, speed or accuracy of

work in the evenings of days of hard mental work over morn-

ings or in periods immediately following prolonged mental work

over periods preceding it.

Dr. Farrand’s paper was a contribution to the solution of the

problem of the evolution of decorative art, and particularly of the

question of development of geometric patterns from realistic por-

trayals of natural objects. Attention was confined to the basketry

designs of the Salish Indians of British Columbia and western

Washington, which exhibit certain peculiarities marking them off

rather sharply from the designs used by neighboring stocks. It

was shown that while the adjacent tribes in the northwest make use

almost exclusively of animal designs, and their conventionalism

is of a unique nature and not geometric, the tendency of the

Salish decorations, on the other hand, is entirely in the direction

of extreme geometric conventionalization and the use of animal

motives is not predominant. The question of variants and of

convergent evolution in designs were discussed and the points

made were illustrated by the exhibition of a large number of

designs taken. from the baskets collected by the Jesup North

Pacific Expedition from the region under discussion.

Dr. Judd’s paper referred to the recent psychological discus-

sions which have emphasized the importance of movement and

motor nervous processes as conditions of consciousness. It

was pointed out that just as psychology must look for the con-

674 RECORDS.

ditions of sensation elements in non-psychical processes, so a

careful analysis of the facts of perception force us to look for the

represented factors and for the synthetic activities in non-psychical

conditions. In support of this position examples were cited in

which the representative factors were not capable of conscious re-

vival even with concentrated attention, and it was shown that syn-

thetic activities become progressively less conscious the more

complete and immediate the process of perception becomes.

‘Finally, the attempt was made to discover in the facts of move-

ment and in the nervous processes which follow the reception

of sensory stimulations, the conditions of perceptual synthesis

and the conditions which make possible the present effects of past

experience without complete or even partial revival of any sen-

sory factors, either as revived sensations or as repeated sensory

stimulations in the nervous system.

CHARLES H. JUDD,

Secretary.

RPUBEICF ERT Wier:

OCTOBER 30, 1899.

UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE SECTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND

PsyCHOLOGY.

Professor Hugo Munsterberg of Harvard University lectured

to a large audience on THE PsycHICAL AND PuysicaL WORLD.

The Professor pointed out that the science of Psychology

must seek to discover the factors of mental phenomena which

are more elementary than sensations. These factors are the

psychical atoms. Some of their attributes may be inferred from

the similarities which exist among sensations and from the

fusions which take place between sensations. Such atoms are

not forms of reality, but logical concepts made necessary by the

demands of explanatory science.

CHARLES H. JUDD,

Secretary.

RECORDS. 67:

SECTION OF ASTRONOMV SND Ee EeySilcS:

DECEMBER 4, 1899.

Section met at 8:15 P. M., Professor M. I. Pupin, presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was then offered :

M. I. Pupin, Lone ELecrricat WAVES, WITH EXPERIMENTAL

DEMONSTRATIONS.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Professor Pupin gave a brief outline of the mathematical

theory of the propagation of electrical waves and exhibited ap-

paratus by means of which he had performed experiments bear-

ing upon this theory. He pointed out that the most essential

quantities to be considered in wave propagation are the wave

length and the attenuation. The wave length plays a more im-

portant part in purely scientific investigations, whereas the

attenuation constant is of prime importance in electrical engineer-

ing. The difficulties met with in long distance telegraphy and

telephony are due to attenuation. The lecturer pointed out how

both of these quantities could be determined experimentally with

an artificial cable, which he exhibited. One of the most impor-

tant conclusions drawn from these experiments deals with the

method of decreasing the attenuation constant by increasing the

reactance of the line. The lecturer performed several experi-

ments for the purpose of illustrating the methods which he de-

scribed in the course of his lecture. The subject has been pub-

lished in full in the Zvansactions of the American Institute of

Electrical Engineers, Vol. 15, p. 111, 1899, to which reference is

made.

Wm. S. Day,

Secretary.

676 RECORDS.

SECTION \OF GEOLOGY. AND) VINE RAIEO Exe

DECEMBER 18, 1899.

Section met at 8:15 P. M., Professor J. J. Stevenson, presiding.

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

The following program was then offered :

J. F. Kemp, (1) Recenr THeEortes REGARDING THE CAUSE

OF GLACIAL CLIMATE.

(2) MeraMoRPHOSED DIKES IN THE Mica Scuists oF Morn-

INGSIDE HEIGHTS.

W. D. Matthew, Nores on THE GEOLOGY OF THE LARAMIE

PLAINS AND RATTLESNAKE MOUNTAINS IN WYOMING.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

During the subsequent discussion of the first paper by Pro-

fessors R: E. Dodge, D. S. Martin and others, Professor Stev-

enson called attention to the fact that the great excess in the

area of the peat bogs on the surface of the earth, during the

present period, over that of the swamps which prevailed during

the Carboniferous, shows the little foundation for the hypothesis

of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the

formation of coal.

Dr. Julien also pointed out, in reference to the theory of the

refrigerating influence of the absorption of carbon dioxide from

the atmosphere, during the decay of rocks, that this effect may

have been more than offset by the heat produced during the

accompanying absorption of oxygen.

In the discussion of the second paper, Dr. Julien acknowl-

edged the resemblance of outcrop of black hornblende schist

to a sheared dike, produced by its strong constrast in color with

the enclosing light gray micaceous gneiss ; and by the sharp lines

of separation of the schist from the highly tilted beds on either

side, as if thrust up from below. But this is but one of hun-

dreds of exactly similar outcrops in New York and Westchester

Counties. All are intercalated, however, as thin beds in the

RECORDS. 677

Manhattan Series; in not a single case has a hornblende schist

been observed to cross the other beds. If one or all of these

are dikes, the lamination of the associated beds must also have

been effected by a general shearing. But the series is accepted

as typically metamorphic, a succession of true beds of altered

sandstone (quartzitic gneiss), shales (mica schist), magnesian

schists (dolomite marble), etc., into which the injection of trap

dikes exclusively between the beds would be entirely improbable.

These hornblende schists, moreover, on Morningside Heights,

as elsewhere, thin out along the strike like the other lenticular

beds ; often become partially: or entirely biotitic and quartzose ;

passing gradually into biotitic schists, biotitic” and hornblende

eneisses, exactly like those of acidic constitution which enclose

the above supposed dike. Indeed a basis element rich in lime

and magnesia, is distributed throughout the Manhattan Series,

and was originally perhaps hornblendic throughout, or, in the

absence of silica, concentrated in the numerous dolomite beds.

The more purely hornblendic layers correspond in composition,

as shown by the interesting analysis in the author’s paper, to

beds of altered marl; their density has enabled them to resist .

and escape, in the present surviving layers, the biotitic altera-

tion which has affected the general series.

In the discussion of the third paper Professor H. F. Osborn

remarked on the uncertainty of the age of dinosaur-beds, whether

Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous. All determinations hitherto

have been made by collectors, but neglected by the palzontol-

ogists, though the section is here continuous from the Mountain

Limestone of the Carboniferous up to the base of the Creta-

‘ceous. Nor has the correlation yet been made with the corre-

sponding beds of the Wealden, Purbeck, etc., of England and

the European continent. The aeolian theory of the author,

however, does not appear consistent with the reported observa-

tions of remains of fish in these beds.

The chairman, Professor Stevenson, stated that no true

Limestone fossils have yet been detected in the bed so called in

Wyoming, nor the good evidences yet needed of Jurassic life in

Ss)

the Dinosaur-beds, of other vertebrate life, lacustrine remains,

678 RECORDS.

etc., of that age, and for confirmation of synchronism of Jurassic

life between the continents. As to the heavy oils of Wyoming,

they contain but little paraffin and perhaps less than twenty per

cent. of kerosene, and are likely to be worthless, except possibly

hereafter for use as a coarse fuel.

ALExIsS A. JULIEN,

Secretary.

SECTION OF (ASTRONOMY AND ]PEIVSices:

NOVEMBER, 6, 1899.

Section met at 8:15 P. M., Professor M. I. Pupin, presiding,

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were not read. The

name of one candidate for resident membership was read and

referred to the Council according to the By-Laws.

The following program was then offered :

J. K. Rees, NovemBper METEOR SHOWERS (ILLUSTRATED).

SUMMARY OF PAPER.

Among other things the speaker said that one of the theories

of the origin of some meteors was that they were at some time

ejected from the sun or moon, earth, or other planets, by vol-

canic explosions, and if from the earth, they traveled in an orbit

that intersected that of the earth. The later theories which

identify the meteor streams with comets or the remains of comets,

seem most satisfactory. Those meteors which reach the earth

have a large percentage of nickel in their composition, and show

when they are polished a peculiar and characteristic crystalline

structure. A great many of these meteors reach the earth on~

an average each day, as many as ten million or more, it has

been estimated. Interplanetary space is full of them. During

the meteor showers, this number is greatly increased. At one

place on the earth as many as 240,000 were estimated to have

been visible during the eight hours progress of the shower of

1833.

Historical records seem to show that showers of meteors have

been seen at intervals of thirty-three years in the fall of the year

RECORDS. 679

for some time back. In 1799, Humboldt saw one from the

Andes Mountains. In 1833 there was another. Professor H.

A. Newton, of Yale, after investigating the subject, predicted

another in 1866, which came as predicted. Professor Newton,

and Professor Adams of England calculated that there was a

large bunch or collection of these meteors traveling around the

sun with an orbit of about thirty-three and a quarter years.

This orbit at one point intersected the orbit of the earth. It was

later shown that this orbit was practically identical with that of

Tempel’s comet of 1866. Three other similar cases of a con-

nection between the meteor showers and comets have been

found, and these seem to indicate either that the showers and

comets are identical, or that the meteors are parts of a disinte-

erated comet.

In observing the meteors, the best results are obtained from

photographs. Professor Elkin of Yale has a battery of cameras

fastened to an equatorial axis, each camera covering a distinct

part of the heavens. By means of two such arrangements sev-

eral miles apart, the exact distance between the two stations

being known, it will be possible to get photographs from which

can be deduced with accuracy the path of the meteors, the

velocity, and the distance from the earth.

The Columbia University Observatory was obliged, on ac-

count of the sale of the old observatory site, and the storage of

the instruments, to make arrangements for observing the ex-

pected shower from other places. Col. P. S. Michie of West

Point, placed the observatory there at the service of Professor

Rees, and Mr. C. A. Post, of Bayport, offered his time and in-

struments. A report on the work done during the week No-

vember 13-18, will be presented to the Academy.

Wi Se Dave

Secretary.

SP CHON FOE BIOEOGH.

NOVEMBER 13, 1899.

Section) metas 5a Me btotessor lS) Wee presiding she

minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and approved.

680 RECORDS.

The following program was then offered :

H. F. Osborn, ON THE RELATION OF THE CENTRA AND INTER-

CENTRA IN THE CERVICAL VERTEBR@ OF LizArpDs, MoOsASAURS

AND SPHENODON.

Arthur Hollick, THe Discovery or a Masropon’s Tooru

AND REMAINS OF A BOREAL VEGETATION ON STATEN ISLAND.

C. L. Bristol, A REport oF THE New York UNIVERSITY Ex-

PEDITION TO THE BERMUDA ISLANDS IN THE SUMMER OF 1899.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Professor Osborn called attention to the confused statements

relating to the cervical vertebra in the Lizards, Mosasaurs and

Sphenodon, and pointed out that both Gegenbaur and Wieder-

sheim, the principal German authorities on the comparative

anatomy of vertebrates failed to recognize clearly the important

part played by intercentra of the neck region. He then, com-

mencing with Sphenodon, pointed out that we have a series of

intercentra or intervertebral ossicles, extending throughout the.

whole length of the backbone, but considerably modified by a

coalescence with the atlas and axis. In /Yatecarpus, the Cre-

taceous Mosasaur, on the other hand, the intercentra of the axis

and atlas are entirely free and separate, retaining their primitive

wedge-shaped form, while the centrum proper or odontoid proc-

ess is also free from the axis; in the remaining cervicals the

intercentra are secondarily shifted forward upon the hypapo-

physes. Varanus, the monitor lizard, exhibits a still greater ex-

tension of these hypapophyses with the intercentra placed at

their tips. In Cyclurus, on the other hand, the intercentra are

still in their primitive position between the vertebrae. There is

no question, therefore, that true intercentra are very important

elements in Lizards and Mosasaurs, and that they are second-

arily modified partly by coalescence with the atlas and partly by

adhesion to the hypapophyses, this showing a complete change

of function.

The leading facts in Doctor Hollick’s paper are as follows :

In the Moravian Cemetery at New Dorp, Staten Island, im-

mediately in the rear of the Kunhardt Mausoleum, was a swamp,

RECORDS. 681

which covered a superficial area of about 3,600 square feet.

A small pool of water accumulated towards the center in time

of rain and dried out during drought. The margin was a quak-

ing bog of peat and sedges. It occupied a morainal basin,

located about 1,200 feet from the southern edge of the moraine

and about 120 feet above tidal level.

During the summer of 1899, in the course of certain improve-

ments in the development of the cemetery, the swamp was

drained and the bog muck was dug out, so that at the present

time the morainal basin is entirely free of water and mud.

The organic remains, animal and vegetable, brought to light

during the progress of this work, show that the basin was the site

of a Quaternary pond. The surface deposit was of fine peat and

a coarse peat, composed of various kinds of swamp vegetation.

Below this was a fine organic mud, containing trunks and

branches of trees, to a depth of about five or six feet. Below

this was a black, sandy silt, distinctly stratified, and containing

numerous cones and small twigs of white spruce [cea Cana-

densis (Mill.) B.S. P.], a tree of northern range, which does not

now extend further south than northern New England and the

Adirondacks. Below the cones, at a depth of about 23 feet,

was found a Mastodon’s molar.

The maximum depth of the entire deposit was about 25 feet and

bore every indication of having been laid down in still water, in

a continuous and unbroken series of layers ; and, inasmuch as

it was in a morainal basin, it must all have been post-morainal in

age.

A considerable amount of charred wood was also found in

connection with the cones, presumably indicating the presence of

man. The probabilities are that a pond was formed in the

morainal depression immediately after the recession of the ice

sheet, and that this pond was a receptacle for silt, dust and de-

caying vegetation ever since, the accumulations finally filling it

up and converting it into a swamp with a little pool of casual

water in the middle.

Professor Dean, referring to Dr. Hollick’s paper, spoke of the

occurrence of the remains of the mastodon on Manhattan Island.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., XII, Aug, 2, 1900—43.

682 RECORDS.

During the process of excavation for the ship canal across New

York Island at about 122d Street there were found extensive peat

remains on the side of the Harlem River, together with sunken

logs, which suggested the conditions just referred to on Staten

Island. During the canal work, a number of specimens were

brought to the speaker for examination. The first of these finds

was a number of bits of mastodon tusk, which the workmen had

hoped might prove of commercial value. The residue of this

find, in the form of poorly preserved bones, had been thrown

away. There were subsequently brought for examination bones

of the following animals: deer, fox, seal, beaver (jaw), and

turtle.

Professor Bristol reported upon the third New York Uni-

versity Expedition’to Bermuda which left New York on May

27th, via the Quebec Steamship Company’s steamer ‘‘ Orinoco.”

The last members to return arrived on August Ist. The party

consisted of Professor C. L. Bristol, Messrs. F. W. Carpenter,

C. E. Brush, Jr., F. Erdwurm, of the graduating class ; Messrs.

Hill, Magnus and Wouley of the present Junior class, and Mr.

A. Benton Muller.

The reconnoissance work of the two former years was con-

tinued from White’s Island in Hamilton Harbor as headquarters.

The buildings on the islands afforded far better facilities for lab-

oratory work than was obtained on the other trips, and also

brought the party nearer to the south shore and the Great

Sound. An important feature was a series of pools constructed

above tide level and supplied with plenty of running sea-water,

in which a day’s ‘‘catch”’ could be examined alive at leisure.

A naphtha launch and a small yacht gave the necessary facilities

for collecting. The principal work was reconnoissance and

many new forms were found among the Crustacea, Echinoderms,

Ccelenterates, Tunicates and Mollusca. Perhaps the most impor-

tant single trip was that made to North Rock, an isolated frag-

ment of the old atoll-shaped reef, about nine miles out atsea. At

dead low tide a small area is laid bare but almost awash, and at-

tainable only inthe smoothest of water. Here the life of the ocean

swarms and offers rare opportunities for study. Asin the former

RECORDS. 683

years a large number of the showy fishes that abound in the

coral reefs were brought home alive for the New York Aqua-

rium. Notwithstanding the sudden fall of temperature at the

northern edge of the Gulf Stream the system of regulation of

the temperature was so perfect that less than one per cent.

died on the voyage. A pair of green parrot fishes of large size,

and a large green murray about eight feet long were the most

conspicuous among them, and were living and in good health

at the date of the meeting. :

Francis E. Luoyp,

Secretary.

SECTION OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY

NOVEMBER 20, 1899.

Section) met ate s:15 Er Me Mie Geol F. Kunzepresidine

The minutes of the last meeting of Section were read and ap-

proved.

On motion by Professor Stevenson, a committee of three was

appointed to prepare resolutions in reference to the recent death

of its distinguished honorary member, Sir William Dawson, of

Montreal.

The following paper was then presented:

Charles Barnard, Some RercENr CHANGES IN SHORELINE

OF NANTUCKET.

SUMMARY OF PAPER.

These changes have become apparent by comparison with the

outlines indicated in Shaler’s map of 1888 (Bull. No. 53, U.S.

Geol: Survey), he shoreline, there represented as nearly

straight, from a point just beyond the Range Lights to Brant

Point, in the harbor, has become materially changed by a rapid

advance of the beach on each side, so that the original shore

end of the break-water is lost to sight in the sand or covered by

buildings.

On the north shore, beyond the apron beach, the sea has

steadily advanced upon the land, the increase of material at the

684 RECORDS.

break-water having been evidently derived in large part from the

bluffs.

At the eastern end of the harbor the narrow beach, styled

the Haulover, between the main island at Manumet and the shore

end of Great Point, was broken through by the sea in the storm

during the night of December 16, 1896, and the opening has

become an inlet a mile in width, with a depth of eleven feet

at low water, each end of the remaining beach having been

bent back into the harbor in the form of a curved hook. The

entrance of the tide through this inlet has caused a decided in-

crease in the five narrow bars of sand, which extend like finger

points from the shore of Coatue Beach. It does not appear to

have seriously affected the current at the break-water, nor re-

duced the scouring action of the tides at that point ; but shoals

seem to be growing at about one-third the distance between the

harbor and the port entrance, at the slackwater caused by meet-

ing of the tides from east and west.

The eastern shore, from the harbor south, shows a rapid de-

struction by the sea, and at Squam Pond a river of beach sand

has been swept in.

At Sankaty Light the apron beach has very considerably in-

creased, particularly at Siasconset, and to the south and west,

the width of the beach now reaching about the third of a mile.

A similar advance of the sea is shown along the south shore,

though to a less degree than on the east, the wastage of both

shores having contributed to build out the apron beach at Sias-

conset.

The subject was further discussed by Professors R. E. Dodge,

J. J. Stevenson, H. L. Osborn, J. F. Kemp and others.

Several specimens of Laurentian limestone, magnetite and

corundum from the vicinity of the Palmer Rapids of the Mada-

waska River, Ontario, Canada, were exhibited.

ALEXIS A. JULIEN,

Secretary.

RECORDS. 685

SECTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY.

NOVEMBER 27, 1899.

Section met at 8:15 P. M., Dr. Franz Boas, presiding.

The following program was then offered :

Dr. A. Hrdlicka, OpsERVATIONS ON THE NAVAHOES, PHYSICAL

AND PHYSIOLOGICAL.

Dr. M. H. Saville, Notes on tHE Mexican CoprEx TELLERI-

ANO-REMENSIS.

Dr. Franz Boas, THe Eskrmo or Hupson Bay.

SUMMARY OF PAPERS.

Dr. Hrdlicka described the physical characteristics of the

Navahoe indians and details of a number of measurements made

on fifty adult males and thirty adult females. Observations on

the life and social and industrial habits of the tribe were also

presented. The language belongs to the Athapascan group.

From the physical examinations it appears that the tribe, not-

withstanding some evident mixture, is radically allied to the

ancient Pueblos and to the short-headed people of to-day in other

parts of New Mexico and Arizona, and possibly in old Mexico.

Dr. Boas’ paper was based on observations made by Captain

George Comer of East Haddam, Conn. The paper described

particularly the natives of Southampton Island, who heretofore

have never been visited. The arts of the tribe show a peculiar

development, owing to the lack of materials with which other

Eskimo tribes are well supplied. The traditions of the tribes of

the west coast of Hudson Bay show remarkable analogies to

the traditions of the Athapascan tribes of the McKenzie region.

The well-known tradition of the magic flight was among those

recorded by Captain Comer. There are traditions which make

it evident that the Eskimos of this region believed in the trans-

migration of souls. The dress of the women is very remarkable,

and it was suggested that the enormous pockets in their stock-

ings may bea survival of the custom of carrying the children

in the boots, as is still done by the Eskimo of Pond’s Bay.

CHARLES H. Jupp.

Secretary.

686 RECORDS.

BUSINESS MEETING.

DECEMBER 4, 1899.

Academy met at 8:15 P. M., Professor Stevenson, presiding.

The minutes of the last business meeting were read and approved.

The Secretary reported from the Council that Professor J. F.

Kemp would have charge of the Annual Reception in the spring

of 1900.

The following Candidates for resident membership, approved

by the Council, were duly elected :

Maurice A. Bigelow, Teachers College.

Edward W. Barry, Passaic, N. J.

Walter Bryan, M.D., 215 St., James Place, Brooklyn.

Dr. W. Golden Mortimer, 504 West 146th Street.

Romyn Hitchcock, Hotel Lincoln, Broadway and 57th Street.

H. R. Linville, Boys’ High School.

Edward L. Thorndike, Teachers College.

R. S. Woodworth, N. Y. University Medical College.

Dr. Annie D’Zou, 63 Stuyvesant Avenue, Brooklyn.

RicHARD E. DopbcE,

Recording Secretary.

SECTION OF SBIlOLOGN:

DECEMBER II, 1899.

Section met at 8:15 P. M., Professor Bashford Dean presid-

ing in the absence of Professor F. S. Lee. The minutes of the

last meeting.of Section were read and approved. Thenames of

two candidates for resident membership were read and referred

to the Council according to the By-Laws.

The following program was then offered :

Bashford Dean, ConTRIBUTION TO THE DEVONIAN FISH FAUNA

OF OHIO.’

H. R. Linville, AN Account oF ZOOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS

ON PuGET SOUND DURING SUMMER OF 1899.

M. A. Howe, VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION BY MEANS OF

Broop ORGANS IN THE HEPATICA.

RECORDS. €87

SUMMARY OF PAPERS,

Professor Dean referred to the purchase of the Jay Terrell

collection of fishes, by Mr. William E. Dodge, and his presen-

tation of the same to the American Museum. Dr. Dean spoke

of the great interest of this material, and described two new

forms of Placoderms now in the paleontological museum of

Columbia University. The new forms resemble, in the character

of their “jaws,” the long known Callognathus. In one favorably

preserved ‘“‘jaw ”’ the rounded and tooth-bearing margin suggests

the condition in Diplognathus. In one specimen the shoulder

armoring is particularly narrow antero-posteriorly. Several der-

mal plates are present which are unknown in the anatomy of

Coccosteus, and their definite position has not been determined.

The so-called “ pectoral spines,” described by Newberry, and re-

ferred to by other writers, are now to be regarded as belonging

in the region of the mouth. A specimen of one of those in

the Terrell collection, presents a well-marked tooth on its margin.

In a newly acquired specimen a portion of the body investiture is

preserved, which exhibits a smooth surface, from which arise

conical eminences in somewhat definite rows, resembling those of

Anchenaspis (Thyestes). Dr. Dean referred also’ to the mode of

occurrence of the Placoderm-bearing concretions in the Cleve-

land shales. In the region near Linville, Ohio, on the testimony

of the veteran collector, Rev. Dr. William Kepler, of Clyde,

Ohio, the following arrangement maintains. At the base of the

shale are found the smaller species of Denchthys (D. gouldi, and

D. intermedius ?). Above this is a layer of flag stone ten feet

in thickness. Overlying this occurs a narrow seam in which

are sharks, Z7ztanichthys and Mylostoma. After an intervening

seam, two feet in thickness, a wide band of the shale contains

Dinichthys and Trachosteus. At the top of this shale, after

another intervening (sandstone ?) seam, in a layer of 20 to 30

feet thickness, which yields sharks, occur large specimens of

Dinichthys, and the forms referred to in the present communi-

cation.

688 RECORDS.

Doctor Linville then reported on his trip to Puget Sound.

The party consisted of five members: Dr. H. R. Linville of

the Boys’ High School, New York City ; Professor M. A. Barber

of the University of Kansas; Professor E. Morrison of Pacific

College, Oregon, and Dr. Linville’s father and brother. The work

of collecting was not divided among the members of the party,

except that Professor Barber gave his entire time to the examina-

tion of the flora, while the other working members of the party

studied the fauna without reference to particular groups. The

methods of collecting employed were ‘‘ towing,” shore collecting,

pile collecting and dredging. The towing was attended with no

great success, the shore collecting was very profitable, but the

greatest interest was in the pile collecting and the dredging.

The material collected from all sources abundantly represented

every large group except the Protozoa and the Chordates. The

collection has not yet been studied systematically.

Enormous quantities of /Vocttlucea have been reported to be

present in Scow Bay, a long, narrow inlet two miles from the

town, but at the time the bay was explored by the party, Woc-

tilucea were not seen. Large red and yellow sponges and a

form resembling Granta represented the Sponges.

The Ccelenterates were found in great abundance. ‘There

were many representatives of a form resembling Odea and

another form resembling 7udularia. Medusas allied to Zygo-

dactyla occurred in great numbers about the docks. Zhatl-

mantias also was abundant and so were many unidentified forms.

The Scyphomeduse were represented by Cyanea. The Anem-

ones were represented by at least five species, the largest of

these being a white J/etridium, specimens of which frequently

exceeded 12 inches in length. This species studded the piles

to the depth of 20 feet below low tide mark. Another, a large

orange-colored Metridium, was dredged in ten fathoms of water

in Scow Bay. In the same situation were found small bluish-

green forms with slender elongate tentacles. A large mottled,

red and green anemone, with large bag-like tentacles was

obtained; the latter, however, were also to be found on the

piles. Most numerous were the small sand-anemones found

RECORDS. 689

attached to the rubble-stone along the beach. Equally im-

portant, and as magnificent in size were the Echinoderms. The

Asteroids, Cribrella, the large 20-24-rayed forms and other

species were easily obtained from the piles. Most notable of

the Echinoderms, was a species of Ec/inus and Spherechinus,

the latter in countless numbers. Of the several species of

Holothurians obtained, the most remarkable is the giant /Yolo-

thuria californica. Herneteaus of unfamiliar species occur

abundantly. Salanoglossus had been found there in former

years. Annelids were abundant in the sand and a large sessile

annelid, with a strong leathery tube, was found attached to

the piles. Their luxuriant brown tentacles alternating with

the white anemones, form in the green water a wonderful picture.

Among the mollusca the most remarkable in point of size is

the large Cryptochiton stelleri mentioned in the report of the

Columbia University Expedition of 1896. In variation the lim-

pets of Puget Sound are indeed marvellous. Gradations were

found from the smooth brown limpet found on the piles, to a

rougher, grayish form on the granite boulders, on to the corru-

gated white ones, found among the barnacles, which also grew

upon the boulders. In the latter situation, the ridges on the

limpets began at the top of the shell and extended radially to

the periphery, closely resembling the barnacles themselves in

external markings and in color.

The Crustacea of the Sound are not especially remarkable.

Under the bark of the piles, giant and small isopods were

found abundantly. The small ones are credited by Mr. Henry

F. Moore, of the U. S. Fish Commission with eating the piles

through at a point between low and high water marks.

Puget Sound is especially rich in Ascidians, and there are

said to be twenty-five species there. One species of simple

tunicate as yet undescribed attains the length of nearly five

inches.

Dr. Howe gave an account of the various means by which

the ganectophyte in the Hepaticae reproduces itself without the

intervention of the asexual phase. Allusion was made to the

formation of the easily detached proliferous branches in J/e¢z-

690 RECORDS.

geria, and an outline was given of the developmental history of

the gemmae in Riccardia, Marchantia, Lunularia, Blasia, Sca-

pania, Radula and Cololejeunea. These gemmae seem in most

cases to be modifications of trichomes, and they bear more or

less structural resemblance to the protonemata which result

from the germination of the spores.

Francis E. Lioyp,

Secretary.

GENERAL INDEX TO VOLUME XII.

Names of authors in heavy face type.

Generic and specific names in 7fadics.

PIO EDE Bs cess OAGBOOS RU ECO ROR a aTEOD 153

AGE TOUICHFUG? >sacbbeeascoebonacbexceo0b0s 145

PACH CV OUS Rata ie dacconen neces Aen neeenee 523

A. depressifrons Stimpson...... 531

A. spinimanus M.-Edw........ 530

UNcro theless oases heleane erste 47, 52

Actea setigera M.-Edw............... 529

PRAIA Ons BARE SEES OB CEROEDOROONAMOSOCEPHCOLE 167

AA CRTVA TD Beco ncnennosusobodesbos 6b6006 147

PALCLULOMESTIL GS ERAS e ERE eeeee 153

Adams; oProfa) relics. eescssseos. 678

i gerine-augite, Black Hills........ 264

Aigerite-porphyry, Quartz; Black

TESTS ise atic Rana teen a aN ar) 248-57

PALOMO MR re cick Ta seis eee RO eee 153

AFTER IMAGES, S. I. Franz....... 654-5

A\stigre Nie IEes, ILENE Ol sconcnsoonsecoe 655

ACTS PUsteeteermene nuance te sane eeates 181

PASTOSICIS | ecnnonocroconocoeencebonon Mee 181

YAU POTD ela aiocpn bn cAE EDC ae oso OnCOn 47, 181

A. holocephalus Matt............ 47

Ame Viatimezucmclanttenee pce 47

PASTEL CUMS amass ese ee ceote 42, 47

AU BOE a SRA CSAP 5 GAEDE SEC SEGRE oer 167

UOTUD SBS asoe sob bOOOIOCOR SOR eaCCAGee 167

JeN Wales? 8 iS leaned esha acy REE COROGE AE CHE 598

ANderme Direalespelnesy Mienateeceere ase 656

PNlexxennGkere, N08 TSiscaccocenbes con0ad00e 88

Algonkian; Black Hills

196-8, 204-9, 295-6

Allen, Prof.; ref. (note)............ 105

PAULORDSIIE es Ma Nob atioleisen euiscn ioe cice 153

AG, BNISEOVATAY . Oilsocanasoooonse00 soc 666

VAUD VELA Earned fas aia aia atlas 5 39-43

DAUD ACU Sie Notre ae nite raise Wowie wee ee ase 523

Jl, GUGHALS IBAIOE ccoonagonocsaogee? 540

ARN CCHINUGACISISE Meu ee mone ene 524

A. bermudensts Spence Bate... 540

WAUICOILE COM a dona Sa baticiae aisle ieee 524.

Als Goda (CwG so 5 c5cadobbodcoo 541

PACU ANTEMSUS Mareen eienaeeen ence 524

A. edwardsii Audoum........... 539

A. formosus GibbeS...........44. 543

A. hippothoé de Man. var.

bahamensts Rankin........... 539

A. hippothoé var. bahamensis.. 524

A, intrinsicus Spence Bate..... 543

Ale, USICHT ORT UScimnsoconpspoonoLb noone 524

A. lanctrostris, nN. Sp...... 541-3, 658

86 GEUOOP SBS] s0c100600500000800 540, 543

A. streptochirus Stimpson......

A, transverso-dacty usKingsley

A. webstert Kingsley............

ALTERNATING CURRENTS, MAG-

NETIZATION OF IRON WITH, PRE-

LIMINARY Report, M. I.

Pupin AnD S. G. F. Town-

SOM Gy esate ncn saeseoecenesmast ee 656-7

PALUCOLILES Pale eaecircnectacoeen eee eer 145

Amarouctum californicum Ritter

(ES yea isaeu tic ihtecree Seale geaaers 590, 608

ALITY PSD oggogdococcdsascaEdG0 aG080d000 167

AT DOOTYEDIALUD -crcopocaooscon coodoobboneN 153

ALG UDINE Boo cocoansnaccaseocvevocKGue6 153

American Dialect Society ; ref...... 643

American Philological Ass’n.; ref. 644

FaNTUNVES! IG ISI58" Ell oog Nosdodoboeboodeoaeode 88

CCAS ec doe bseocaboode ppbGesonéaae 178

Amphibohtes; Black Hills, 245, 247-8,

288-9

AMPNUCEUG ane ane see a nae 153

AGN HTOES TOD. oesacco6000d8 080000980 008008 153

Amphitrite depressifrons Stimpsor.. 531

AIULERUS rset eee Meare eae 145

ALTILUSUUTIEN Cs ema aera paste eae 154

ZUIPINCUC snopornnnaonckacdonodescese04c8o6s 167

AN ANOMALY IN THE INTERNAL

COURSE OF TROCHLEA NERVE,

Richardgvvieileen eres eees 621, 622

Anchenaspis ( Thyestes).......000008 686

AU CHUL EGS Re VE ANG A ise ate 167

NIG GAA TIIS opeanascecononbotsagede oso 178

AN aVGkesPsO}O\, JANG 1249 TEs saoonodhoupoodoo 488

Amnid exson'el aie Aerie clanaunceneseneaneee 88

Andersson, J. G. and H. Hed-

StrOmiis ret eas te eae 46

Black Hills,

Andesite family ;

245, 247, 281-84

Andrews, Dr. C. W.: Cor. Mem... 630

Anemones, Puget Sound............. 687-8

AUTO Oo 30,00¢06055000000000600000000 167

Animal designs, common in Indian

basketry, ceases usecase ame moeecnenses 672

Animalia: Whitfield’s list........... 145

CAGLUSOMLY OF Barta saiaeie ten eens eee eee 167

Ammnalls of Ne WeyAce Sew eaaaee 64, 484

(691)

692 INDEX.

Annelida: Whitfield’s list............ LST | AlUrxia, sy iocse ches Sapa eee ns ac eeade meet 178

Annelids : Puget Sound............... 688 | | ALLY DO vow sacdan nice scelsint enone sseeee 149

Annie Creek (Blk. Hills) : Quarts- | AUCKCHAG Jractesieascsen aoReaceeee tasters 622

CLUE DOLPHY TY townaneanaatetesticets 253-4 | AUDOUIN ; ref................ 539, 540, 548

EQUBTOTIIG Shep B AHS 0050 IBGOG GONE CBOGOC 154 Augite-vogesite ; Black Hills

PA ILONLED sich sans inine ae Neem RE Ose 154| 245, 247, 287-8.

ALR ACOPUP UN: duane sae seeeceee ee GY WACO OG soccue odeeensoadcocdxa0G0deRcCc 145

ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARTS, F. | duwers. ref.

BOAS soc ccna ca domotnateite ss aeeccie 629 344, 533, 356-358, 361-362

ANTIQUITIES, ZAPOTECAN, A.Hrd- | Auwers-Bradley, Star Catalogue 361

CK AS. scasercys sence eee ce G42) A Vella any cacnnebaceuseccneemee se eee 167

Antiquity of piles of canes, etc., in | AVESTAN SYNTAX, CONTRIBUTIONS

Mammoth Cave disproved......... 647 TO, THE CONDITIONAL SEN-

Antiquity of Pueblo ruins............ 670, TENCE, Louis H. Gray...549-88, 688

Apodosis and Protasis of Avestan Index Wocarumi is peseeeeesee ses 587

compared with Sanscrit and | Indexa enunieeeepeeteeeeeee eee 586-7

Greene ee een ie, Meta u aew gs 643) WAGiCila Os ccsoeteoteen or oes 154

APOLLR AUS enc ee eee 107 |*Avicwlopecterts a. .ccscesoecedasseee oer 154

ADI CODSIN Secenn scene seneoee te ie sence 5 BA GUI CO os sie Sasi ateseseeecoee See eeR eee 154

AI ENUCOLULES eens eee Cee 53, 181 |

sda oyurnss No Gen 50S aoaoscacdoosadSpo0ses 88 Babbitt, E. H.; COLLEGE WorpbDs

AG COTO te ce NERA Nites 08h Ole eke 154)|)) AND PPHRASES, 208. secesee tees 643

VA. CULECLOILUC OR ERE EERE ee 167 | Bactelite sie iC jall. J at oe aes 178

Argelandern:prefi.cscenaceceeeeeees 2156) |(BaileyssRen Wes) veleecesespeeesseeeeee 88

Argelander’s Catalogue of Stars, WBaily/si-“Walande2?\efesasseseess 344

347, 351, 301) Baker). G.53)Cor) Mempiese- ces 630

ALON EI US Relies eaters ee ssn ea tee 181 | Balanoglossus ; Puget Sound........ 688

AAP USLO Za Tah Wisse 181) Ban Dhiaa Heels sinacns basa eee SRE eee I8I

ARTIODACTYLA, HISTORY OF THE | <* Bald Mountains’”’ (Blk. Hills) ;

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CANNON- Geology... 2ncethcar nsescceectoneneeeee 288

BONE IN, J. L. Wortman.....621, 622 | Quarts-egirite-po' PhYT)......+ 256-7

ASAPNUS aon ascaaneseedett mone aee Tt | Bancroft, EF.) Wieserel.-sneeeees: 605, 609

Ascidia koreana Traustedt........ 590, 604 Banded gneiss; Long Island........ 114

Ascidians ; Bibliography ........... 609-10 | Baptanodon, Discovery of..........-. 670

ofmbugets soundussssecow cere ene O88; | BBarbatia. tere ces eeseee ae eee 154

ASCIDIANS, SOME FROM PUGET Barnard, Charles; SomME RE-

SOUND COLLECTION OF 1896, CENT CHANGES IN SHORELINE

Wim Ee Rittemescccese.n eee 589-016) OP INANTUCKIED ss-mese-eeeeceeteaee 682-3

AStAVEES DEES Bia tL Re eee er ane 15 4i\eBartha\:rely-qceteseeteeaseseesenenees 667

ASLOVEASS Aoaaswociaaanet eee eee ae 147 Basalt family ; Black Hills........... 287-2

A. tenuispina Lamk............ 130 BASKETRY DESIGN OF THE SALISH

Asterina folium LKt...........000- 116-130 INDIANS, Dr. Livingston Far-

Asteroidea of Bermuda...... T3OjT 35 HOAO Ne TANn Gy... sastscsseanseome mesa cee aeeeee 671-2

Asteroids!) Bermudaseceeeeeereenne 118 Bate, Spence; ref.,

Puget Sound) sssseeesseecereeeee 688 522, 538, 530, 540, 543, 544, 548

ASL OCCTLUTIN Minn Senne SS eee DAG) | DOL 7S ona canesaeseeee ease eee

ASTRONOMICAL COSMOGONY OF BO eUWOstonid wae rearone eee eee teeta 666

THE PERUVIANS, Stanbury Beaver, Remains of prehistoric,

FL Ag aS. fesse gece esac suet sessecem 654-5 found on Manhattan Id............. 681

Astronomy, Peruvian knowledge of 655 Becquerel rays; emission of......... 627

Athanas edward ti Audouin, new method on sensitive plates 663

539, 540, 542 Beebe, C W.: ref............-.0.e00 488

Athapascan group, Navajoe lan- | Beechi:)rare) at'Cape) Codie. --e-o-- 662

puage belongs tols.cssss-csesetenees 684) |pBelementiesscc- teas eee ee ee eee 179, 669

ALHYETS Ricsane ena cee see e ee ne 148=9) | Bellerop hartucnccsses: capes ce steeeeee ane 167-8

Atoms Psy chicalys.c.sscsesecoscsea 673)|| Benedictirets-cess.cneee te eee 528

Attenuation : Effect, etc., on long BERENICES, COMA, POSITIONS AND

distance’ telegraphy..-...c.c esses. 674 PROPER MOTIONS OF PRINCIPAL

INDEX.

STARS IN CLUSTER OF, Walter

CRP etz esses lense 341-78, 647-8 |

BERMUDA, FURTHER NOTES ON

THE ECHINODERMS OF, H. L.

BERMUDA ISLANDS, THE CRUSTA-

CEA OF THE, W.M. Rankin, 521-48

Bessel’s Star Catalogue; ref...... 345 |

IB ESSE lin eh aiateccsdcccneneareen 358

LIEN PUCILUG coaniie OBO DEES SHE ROE AOPAEO ODT Hop 181

LBROIEGEIS ocenbacodnctieceneanobnpAenbaoesee 181

Bibliography of Bermudan Crus-

CAC Ca ah aeate cma erctewieiclnenemneseeinnn 522

IG hgavallll, 1s IES Te cesoosocoacvseaos 88

IBIS Cl Owe tance cub oncumeass eas aeasenes 545

Bigelow, Maurice A.; Res. Mem. 685

UBWOLILE War una n Nee Selo aactenccianince sake 269

Biack HiLis, NORTHERN, A Con-

TRIBUTION TO THE GEOLOGY OF,

oD laying rater eee cece. 187-340

Table of Contents (for index ).187-8

BLACK RIVER, TRENTON AND

UtTiIcA FORMATIONS IN THE

CHAMPLAIN VALLEY OF NEW

YORK AND VERMONT, Dr. Theo-

doresGravighit Creeeeesntece acess 645

Blackwell’s Island tunnel ; ref...... 113

leks, 10%, Vo Ako Ss Welisccacos sepode0r 88

West Memliauaainamcaepeccencn cat 631

ES VOUS UCR Spe AR aL w i cianeagyec mee amainien Rescue 689

Boas, Dr. Franz; ON ANTHROPO-

MEE WIVRST Cx @VAURUTS ots temreeen ac weer citar 629

Boas, Dr. Franz; THE EsQuiIMo

OnPEMUIDSONPBAVIneener eee este eee 684

Boast Drarnanzieenetnsnse esses 88, 488

IBodcettyelimbley erebypsere rere enter 488

Boltzmann, Prof. Ludwig; Cor.

INMema sia eh intent acacaswaakitamnee ae 630

Bonn Durchmustering number; ref. 367

BOREAL VEGETATION, THE Dis-

COVERY OF A MASTODON’S

TOOTH AND REMAINS OF, ON

STATEN Ip., Arthur Hollick.679-81

EO HILOLE Was Nate eu Soe ekicle aensmaieen ict 667

IBOSS)j release ceeeiciceseseee 3575 359, 300

Bocce Gi, Talos Corn, Mist goose 630

IBO UTNE a Tele owe eta sateen etal 659

Blowtwellesreterereeceeeeeeeeeees 315 |

Brome, 1Dye, Il, (Ces: Wet acosoacnadepocecs LLNS

Brace, D. B.5 ref... A Sa |

Brachiopoda ; \W hitfield’s list... 148-54

IBrAchiopodSipeeeeucsee cee ccncteee 52; 53'|

Bradleyeanetse eee ee 344, 53, 55, 50}

States Catalogue ene seeeeen es. 3

Branchial apparatus; Cynthia

SIREUE Ws S0)..5 onsen onaoacsogsa0odde 591-2

Distoma lobata nr. Sp.r.cccse0e 00s 607

Distomia molle n. SP. ...cce..000..-005-6 |

Branchial sac: Cynthia deani n. sp..592-3 |

117-39 |

693

Cynthia macrosiphonus n. sp.. 597

| Styela stimpsoni Nn. Sp.......+ +0 602

| Brasseur, C. L. A.; re 88

| Breese, B. B.; A MODIFICATION

OF PsyCHOLOGICAL METHODS... 625

Breese Sims nciinel rene @teecict sas 88

TE AWULE RAD ol Sn atidgnacoaondooedoBcoCadTn 155

Brewer Gaslanenelecreaccereeecearece: 88

| Dresses tcolom Wo... sceceene sents 132

IeBristolaleroterfare tie ses cen eeee nee: 117

IASON, (CIs 8 We sacosossonccoovour 88, 488

| Brittle stars: Bermuda............... 640

| Bvetitiora, ibis, 1, (Ge 2° TB cocoons 88, 488

Britton, N. L.; pete a be Nene 88, 93

Brégger, Prof. W. Cy rety.

47, 245, 248, 258

Cors! MiempeinunscaGccu-sisce se 630

Brontosaur, Discovery of............ 666

BrOOkSisireiyaeeinerecaee ese n cere 522

Bruces Vissi nelecesteencre rere erer 648

Ley, (Co leh lites TE sooncbcoa0obse

Bryan, Walter; Res. Mem........... 685

Bryozoa ; Whitfield’s list........:-.- 148

BUCCAL Bannan ec ease ence eee 168

BU ECUIVOP SOS pm eae eet oe oats 168

Buchner, Prof. E. F.; Res. Mem... 656

Boiinas HAEQUUBE Sscedoo9a0020002000000 535

DEL AE NORD ER CE PAB on wate aEn metab uc obG 168

Bunting, M. SUT eLee i aaeweedunnaterenee 88

PS USI GOW ies Teton sleuae aren shtsene ae ee cee 168

By- agen: Mo Ae, Sito IDA. 5,

DSO Ose ne se ewe ee eat 8-14

Byxbee, Miss Bdith);sretie-s-ccsee 589

Calappa Flamma Herbst............. 532

Calappa gallus Ferbst...........-.,++- 533

(QM ET OOS. COSCO ac9.05000080500)000000000 534

(CQUEEIDS IMOUCETD. oeso600000000000000000C 524

Gaicibcermclerbstree ssc eeeee 533-5

Calcium sulphide, phosphorescent,

how made non-luminous.......... 657

Calcium tungstate, effect of liquid

BUT: OMe sami eiare cones eocoes teakiosee ses 658

Calkins, Dr. G. N.; THE Evo.v-

TION OF THE KARYOKINETIC

IPUE WII socosqoegscoocaosadeacouss0c00 626

Calkins, Dr. G. N.; Res. Mem 631

TEL cheese east elec eeee 88, 488

Call, R. Ellsworth; THE GE-

OLOGY OF MAMMOTH CAVE...... 623-4

Call, R. Ellsworth; THE Zo-

OLOGY OF MAMMOTH CAVE...... 645-7

Call) Re Elisworthis reteecessc-eeee 488

GMC CLES eh OE Naje sacs eee ceeeee ore 523

Callinectes ornatus Ordway......... 529

C. sapidus Rathbun............. 529

(COLO CRRR NB Rte NBS Ha eRe aciacig dog aaCeR see 155

COM cpat hus eae eee ene 686

Calumet mine; Feldspar............ 649-53

694 INDEX.

Cal ieHeenca meted secececcrensecsess 181 OF THE, THEIR CAVES, CAN-

CALUPIF OP HOTU messes sawee ate ees eacett 168| YONS AND PRE-HISTORIC RE-

Cambrian; Black Hills, MAINS, Rev. Horace C. Hovey,

209-32, 296-311 DD ivdicsdiaheacatedseoserseenee tener 625 -

CAMBRIAN, A PAL#ozo1c TER- Cave rat (Mammoth Cave) not

RANE BENEATH THE, Geo. F. Dit diss Habs denice sete corettete woraistsehe 646

IVatthe wy, «oko cae aeeeneceanestoee Al— SO Cavoscal aise: cet eee eee eee 168

Cambrian, ‘Cy.clesiintensesaseceesscecee 45 CELESTIAL BODIES. ON THE TEM-

Cambro-Silurian ; Black Hills...198-201 PERATURE OF GASEOUS, A. S.

Camel, Formation of the Cannon- Gessini isis: gcaseceneece ieee nee 647-8

bonevingthewsrres-ce esses sctees soccer 622 | Cephalopoda; Whitfield’s list...... 178-81

Games sak sdeeoacsaesgecee da seepen ese. 622) Cexastodenma messepae tence teee eee 155

Campop ly MAM Maeateaaensnecees DWAO3|) Cer: COL a xcsead cera-bncede date een 155

CANUPLOWE CLES nam oascnee ecco aise WS Gal Cerzorites: ee. aeen sentence eons nearer 145

Canadas eHaunamines- pees eee eeetee eee Wea EE TALIOTIG wapdonoosudcuoueunnasSeeokoN 0S 168

COPLCCILANLGR Tes renee eee en eee ee eoe 168 | CERVICAL VERTEBR OF LIZARDS,

Cancer arenarius Catesby............ 525| MosasaAuRS AND SPHENODON,

Gnjlammea VllexbStanseesecee: 532 ON THE RELATION OF THE

C. gonagra Fabricius........... 527 | CENTRA AND INTERCENTRA IN

C. srapsus Winneus:..+..-+5.--6 527 THE, eh. He Osbornie eset eee 679

C. minutus Linneus.....2...-.. 526 | Chetetes LAS R EET ae eee 146

Go tibicen TWerbsteccess-necee 5335-534 (CREA sescemacececateesccacsetteae ecto 155

CONCHA EY Aes naatee nee ise ee 5270) Chandlers: (G2) releeasecaeneesseeees 88

Cane, Piles of in Mammoth Cave, Chapman\;erefi-eecteeeceeceeeee eee 315

OY {E10) (6 lean ean anSopacoa cer acsonetdadac 646) Chapman, Drs) refe-cese- see 105

CANNON-BONE IN ARTIODACTYLA, Chapman, F, M.; Res. Mem........ 631

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT LOL sciences see eceee aaa 88

OF, Jol) Wortmants0.0sn 620s ia) Charzecep ialts) cts eee 182

CORT ATS Is tha Raciccnenn ste ae eae 168 | Charter, Order of Court, and By-

OCOfUN Barr Mopac Seater 53 VERS INS Me TeWOS IS1Cscagoendessboc I-14

‘Carbon dioxide ; No excess during Chase, Frederic L,; ref.,

coal formation period.............+ 675 343, 367, 478, 648

‘Carboniferous ; Black Hills, Chase!smmumber -erefirserscenetenceee 367

201, 202, 234-7 | Cheesman, Dr. T. M.; Res. Mem. 631

Cardiomorpha Boardooodsdndonan0beGdS 155, 185 | Chelyosoma producta Stimson . 590,

CORMOPSIS SM aasee cere tee ere 155. C. producta von Drasche......

Cardisoma guanbumi Latreille...... 527. C. productum Bamcroft......... 605

CI AULA ee MORRO USC ORE eEGearaGscdaS 155 C. productum Herdman......... 605

COV AU ATVEL Roe e ROC 155 C. productum Traustedt........ 605

COP ALUMS Ro aan ORO 155 Chessin A. S.; ON THE TEM-

COPCEM A re .ac oad seta saenaeooseaee me aesees 168 PE! ATURE OF GASEOUS CELES-

Carpenter; ref., RAL BODIES Seco reece eee 647-8

19S, 20257238. 295, 207,13 1 Sul Chester; At hleys ene taeeeaseeeeeeeeeee 488

Carpenter, F. W. 5 xef., CHICOLTIN MyTHoLtocy, NOorTeEs

117, I19, 122-25, 536, 544| oF, Livingston Farrand........ 642

COPY AUUS, ian Soe ah wateen saeesneee eee meee 155|CHIM£ROID, THE SKULL OF,

GaSSIA ATION ee 168 Robert W. Shearman........ 621, 22

Caswell; ref........ 2A4. 66; (67, SAsrG5 i ChziaraGollsedss eos soeceeeeeece econ 666

Catalogue of stars in coma berenices CHINOOK LANGUAGE, ST\UCTURE

344-51| OF THE, J. R. Swanton......... 654-5

Catesby i; releeessacesceeeneens conceit 25 Chinook language; lack of subor-

Cat-fish, Stone; Hypoblast, how dingvOny ees. saccee ee se essere 655

detived .2ic2..40 cee ee 640 | Chiridola 5.8. eee ee 135

Cattell, Prof. J. McK.; Res Mem.. 63 31 | Gx roti fexa Our beeeeeeeenane 126, 134

Tee PT Era a Botinet so 88, 488 | CRometes o0ecabi cae ase aun 149

COUN OPORG a acu een eene eek ee 145 | Chonophyllum ( Ptchophyllum)..... 146

CAUSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF Mus- Chubb; {S34 tire eee eee 488

CLE FATIGUE, Frederic Saicee (626) Gzbora a cee eee ee eee 155

CAUSSES IN FRANCE, THE REGION Cidaris tribuloides Lamk............ 13

INDEX. 695

(COTLOITPU Tsonac see caraccecdocna sondse caer: 185 | Como BLUFFS SECTION, VISIT TO,

(CHILTERN SAeiGrRbeU Rae OnenC oe ada 168 ih OSborn nes ne 667, 669-70

COU TUPEMU CA rananena snan se aanceseal cee 545 | COMPLETE SKELETON OF TYLO-

(COMLGIAU ns See op adE Cbs be anacnecooHOGGdoeS 168 SAURUS DyYSPELOR, INCLUDING

CLELOP OKAY Wein hea ealeonictuscsecmac nite 146 THE CARTILAGINOUS STERNUM,

Clark, Hubert L.; FURTHER Heh Osborne eee cess 658-60

NoTEs ON THE ECHINODERMS COMPOUND HARMONIC VIBRATIONS

OF BERMUDA...........- 117-38, 639-40 OF A STRING, Wm. Hallock...664—-5

GlarlewaNVeo wb ecnre lena cuckee wee enecees 88 | Conditional sentence, Avestan, older

(CUA O ROTO, cceonoon csacencedodebGeeboG08 148i) thant: Greekai teense 643

(Unda teosesceecadagoqdenseson09eceno8 UG | QOMOGMCMITE scoqocvec00080600000000000 156

Cla veUan eine cemtenl seen semadicnee LG) | Conocephaluswew encase ereeee a eeee 182

Clays caused by decomposed lime- CONSCIOUSNESS, MOVEMENT AND, -

StOM Ceara tetera scence ame aemasoiactes 623-4 Dr CuHe Jud dios. 671-3

Clays, Fusibility of, how caused... 663 Constants of photographic plates :

CLAYS OF NORTH SHORE OF LONG Comayberenicestiaa ee cece 449-59

ISLAND, ORIGIN OF THE WHITE Gonstellaniae ences oes 148

AND VARIEGATED, F.J. H. Mer- (Constitutions Ne YaeA cw Cassese 6-7

Deane ao RE OnC ES aEeeenaatoa sore 113-116 | CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVONIAN

Clays, Plasticity of, how caused... 663 Fish FAuNA OF OHIO, Dr.

CLAYS, PRELIMINARY REPORT ON le BashtordeDeantean. sere ercce 685-6

THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF, laComulanivdcs meee eee eneee ey eee 54.

Eleinnichwlvic Saeen senses eeeee GOR NGG ili Cope sisi canes min eas hvala eae 169

Ciays, WHITE, OF LONG ISLAND, CONTRIBUTIONS TO AVESTAN SYN-

ON THE ORIGIN oF, F. J. H. TAX, THE CONDITIONAL SEN-

Mierri ee aaa aaoasie salsa 62354) | ATENCE wie whit a Gray ease 549-88

Clements, James; Inc. Mem...... I-3 | Cooper, Wm. ; Inc. Mem............ 1-2

Chibanarius tricolor Gibbes.......... 535 Copel; rete ect menue teen 659-60

Clifton (Staten Id.): Marl fossils.. 100 Copper in drift; Staten Id........... g2

CHSOSHHE - soaddonsosquaseseusoHnenaoBnone 169 | Copper zones, Minera's characteris-

lute wVieING Pine foreman eect teats 88 TICE T ON ee aA US ae eae 667

(CORSO ALIS hou babbnsae sobsoe caSdoneOHEAee EO) |) COAHCOU Ge sup oooocanseadaddvecdodoseconcbc 156

Celenterata , Whitfield’s list........ LCS OW COI AUT exer eatu se onbcagnaotasccoubadosasec 156

Celenterates ; Bermuda............... 681 | Corella witllmeriana Herdman,

uget is dinedeisscuaeatecrcnecstes 687 | 590, 604, 612

Cenobita diogenes Latreille.......... Deel COZ Bild oeaaddcroddonedonagaanoa coo ONbeNo 156

(COWL Berries seo oseogsOancoe Seu Ieee 533 Corresponding members ; N.Y. Ac.

Colcord osm eac ch ek anaes nalts 53 SCONE BERENS ALE AEE De BnaaaatinE ceeds 29-40

Coleoptera (Mammoth Cave); Re- COSMOGENY, ASTRONOMICAL, OF

(GSale Clave, Sjovdabooososoocesooesodse 646-7| THE PERUVIANS, Stanbury

College words and Phrases.......... O43 he cul agmariate Hee neue te easy eMs 654-5

COUGIE] CULE CIN Memes seeeree ee = (iso) |] (Coynnovertls INI Ws NCS SCsasagudeoadooos

(CONTITOMATD, sabe bASEcodCSo RSS ESCO OGOGS 169 Coruacsillars 5 INS AY ANG. Sle csacen 66, 486

Columbia Univ. ; Geological Con- | Crampton, [al dps GB Telisn cundcosec 88

tributions; J. D. Irving.......... Roi fall OU ex RLS Ra Ged naeonbneecicodcsb60 I49

CoMA BERENICES, POSITIONS AND CU aSSULCH Ge Bese ice sien se Sauraeicte eee 156

PROPER MOTIONS OF THE PRINC- OG RBAG AICI 3-300 00d oo oon Ho bOIEenDbee 182

IPAI, STARS IN THE CLUSTER OF, Cretaceous and Tertiary clays; N.

VV CeuKie tz) eens 341-78, 647-8 Shore of Wong dieehee saree pe een 113

CoMA BERENICES, ETC Index Cretaceous drift of Staten Id .......91-100

locas morc soeneseceic estes 586-7 | Cretaceous mosasaur, Intercentra of

MpaQGVEN< TREAT. ogodoovoopouRbecoKed Seo) | axisvandiatlasi ims sentence cea 679

ComerniGsyieltiesee toscana 488, ace Cade > VEOISE Cl scopaacaosadosooboc. 688

Comeyatempelysneseeserecease asec 678 Gre SES GCSE REE aORC Roan obenooaaaade 41

Comets and meteor showers ident- OVALE MOT Ob seonorcsoooacboadaocnocees 155, 6

LCA eM Minn ear anbausceememubaanee 678 | Crosby, Prof. W. O. ; ref..54, 55, 197,

Como BEps IN SOUTHERN Wyom- 198 , 202, 203, 229, 238, 240, 207.

ING, EXPLORATION IN, BY AM. Crow Peak ( Black Hills) ; Geology

MuseEvuM Party, H. F. Osborn..665-6

225, 302

696

Crown Hill (Black Hills) ; Geology 3c2!

CRUGLOUTATI Rh conch no een aacen aeaee 169

Crustacea ; Bermudan................ 681

Bermuda ; Bibliography........ 522

Bermuda; Heilprin’s list...... 521

CRUSTACEA OF BERMUDA, NOTES

ON, COLLECTED BY THEN. Y.

Univ. EXPEDITION OF 1897-8,

Wea Rankine assesses 658-9

CRUSTACEA OF THE BERMUDA Is-

LAND, W. M. Rankin........... 521-48

Gyustacea.. Puget sda ie.scoascce: 688

Crustacea ; Whitfield’s list......... 181-83

Cryptochiton stelleri; Puget Sd..... 688

@ryptonelllage sess -crerosnce seca 149

Crystals, Study of, by photographic

enlargements yeast ne -peecsesseecees 663

CLEWOCHITLUSS LP SRR Boyne 147 |

CUCU CU Ieee aes ew sees 156

Cucumaria punctata Ludw.,

123, 124, 133, 135

Cumberland, Wm.; Inc. Mem...... I-3 |

CUHCOHU OR a aconeuronsiecese enacts 156

Currents, Erosion. by<....cc.-bs.-< 662, 683 |

Curtis WG wGsaretrsss. ieee: 88, 488

Cromcorm eeucet odie tease cate ees 687 |

CYA aK ONTO ao eres seseeesacineee 146

CY CLNOCHLIU SE eee tee nese ate ae 147

Cyclograpsus integer M.-Edw........ 526

CY) MONCH ees a arteetaen eases 169 |

(CW ALU th esciscigioncondageaGh OOOSCRCCAGNS 169

Cyclurus, Position of intercentra in 679 |

(OW OGIG ansbon sechoaebacosceuCdensseesd8es 150)

Cynthia castanetformis Traustedt... 599

C. castaneiformis von Drasche,

590, 599-601, 612, 614,

C. coriacea Stimpson, ’64...595, 596

C. deani n. sp.

590, 592-7, 612, 614 |

Cxdunauatienencen eee 598, 599.

GHeErecta Wa SPiresssee 590, 598-9, 612

C. gibbst Stimpson............... 04 |

C. haustor Herdman,.590, 601, 612 |

C. haustor Traustedt............ 60.

C. haustor von Drasche......... 601

C. macrosiphonus n. sp-, |

590, 597-8, 599, 614, 616

C. nordenshioldii Wagn......... 596.

CPAP UMOSA NaRae soe Staats eee 599

Cynthia squamulosa Alder ........... 598

C. superba, n. sp.,

590-2, 594, 595, 596, 612, 614, 616

C. villo a Stimpson, ’94.....600, 601

Cypraa Sitercisfe stots iiciers\ee sialon cierseiecieceais ce iciets 169

OYPrecagdeHan.v.ccescsccers weno ites YA

CYPHICAH AUR Wonca ese ens COI ee - 156

ON UR ATAU? aeorrretecnoranoexccorcccy ee. SHY

CYDTUMETL ES a tens sotaees eo eT

Gystidianss.. acces aeecencteseieereee 53

INDEX.

(OW AUTOLH ES cqocdoaqecebocenenencen6+) 157

CYTUNA scnderwossad seen sensceteeeee 149, 152

Cy rtolilessirsnnentemaeccueeee seeeeee 169

(CO UOT Depdonticsooos5enNG8C00 0060. 146

Gystosty lis Seeeeee eee eee eee 146

CYPLOCEKOS sree oes cep se eee 179

TD aCite hance hoe so sees oe eeeeesec cee 284-6

D’Agelet ; Star catalogue ; ref..345, 361

ID ENaC AN GB ICS concusos cocbodsaocee 88

DOM ANTE We sooo ae 182

Daly, Judge Charles P.; ref......... 664

Dana; ref.....53, 56, 534, 538, 539 544

Darwiniiretsscs.cirenctensensenet een 545

| Darwin, G. H., M. A., F. R. S.;

rons Memepsscgsscdte seen 630

| Davipson Co. N. C., ON THE

| FINDING oF NATIVE SILVER IN,

Go MARU Zeta aerencsnaee 6 23-4

Davis “Boseneh cosscusseceeas-eseeeeeee 488

| Davis, Dr. H. S.; ref.,

350, 351, 355, 361, 365, 478, 488

| Deadwood Gulch (BI’k Hills) ;

Dacite

| Dean, Bashford ; CONTRIBUTION

TO THE DEVONIAN FISH FAUNA

Dean Bashford ; SECOND SENFF _

EXPEDITION TO THE NILE.......

| Dean, Bashford: ref,

88, 488, 589, 601, 604

| Deca pod ars seca swtecenen nee sesaeeese 525-45

Deer, Remains of pre-historic ;

Manhattan ldtaes-nessecscnceeess one 681

VD eveiaantcinrelia:..snsstateercnecnecs 538

Delbruiicktssretacsaaeec eee eee ee 549

deMan iret sah Seeccs-censcseeecnes 539

Dey Morgan we ;anc lee saseeet eee ete ee 669

Dent aleunn ee eee 169

Deperet, Prof. Dr. Charles; Cor.

Were ia icic/Sdnaecinat ees aren ee certs 630

|»DieeSaussurelsirefy esse eseseeteeces 530

DEV ETCUX Wale lean aaeeee een eee eee eee 296

DEVONIAN FIsH FAUNA OF OHIO,

CONTRIBUTION TO, B. Dean.....685-6

Drabase" Statenwl disse eeeeetee 94.

Diadema setosum Gray........0--0+++ 131

Dialect Society, American; ref..... 643

PLAN CHOKAe. cei eeesccmn co ack soe tee 157

NY OER aR tso Sed Seicicioeooo BE OTicoGn 157

I BHARTI VTh se Soace eco n05069 200000080500 145

D. flabelliforme Eichw ......... 46

ICAU NE ISiLUDIAU ROL Boop sonoca Dab 85555> 104-7

Digestive apparatus ; Dzstoma molle

I SPvisscis shins cee cemars oessoomommeceeere 606

Digestive tract; Dzstoma lobata n.

SP ai bwle aice a cbionens secouaateeeetenaeee 607-8

Styela stimpsont D. SP...e.eeeeee 603

TO AGRI ATION be cpenoa-2026 59 080 39909- 182

Dikes in Cambrian, eruptive rocks,

INDEX. 697

GBs Halse. 32. aise segeeahecece 222 Driller eran euiscatucren sence n seed 169

LOGICA OS: AOU Pesasececeosensee5s9ooe 686 | Dudley, P. H.; STRESSES IN

LD), OOF TIGUGOISs sadscoumos000cee3e 686 RAILS DUE TO THERMAL

DEMO OU SH aance oan ea Sia RTA Tan as TAO ACEAIN GES penaa es reece meenicestc starts. 638-9

Dinosaur beds, Uncertain age of... 676| Dudley, P. H.; TRANSITIVE

Dinosaurs, Discovery of.......... 666, 669 CURVES OF COUNTER BALANCE

Dinosaurs, RECENT DISCOVERIES AND CRANK PINS IN RUNNING

AMONG THE, H. F. Osborn..... 644 IAOICOMOMMIND, daccogosonosccopsdenus 619

LD LOWER R EN SEN: ROM cinta Nd Pete ta ae ini) |) Deeley) JA ISls BME doncuccsscande 88, 488

Diorite family ; Black Hills, Dunn, Miss L. 1B 5 HEE tera neeee yeaa 88, 488

245, 247, 86-7 Dutcher, Wm. ; Res WISIN, Soocceses 645

Diorite, Mica-porphyry,; Black Dwight, Jonathan, Jr.: THE SE-

Jes lly oc science See ies aes LEN 281-4 QUENCES OF MOULTS AND PLUM-

IDG MOO bocconccsaecccuncneGodeGce oC 160} AGES OF THE PASSERINE BIRDS

LDGN OT YOUELS soe cocecnato030064000s 05008 686| oF NEW YORK STATE............. 640-1

LDU RUC PE Koc sseac cone aace ee ACe LES: 169 | Dwight, Jonathan, Jr.; ref........ 88

DY MMISELITIUD. cco pacooceoodeseoo500G[G7 16597. IDyeies Ce 1B. 8 TEL Gocoadoasoncdosonb0000 142

I DESC OG ios Cas icc occ Cos OESCOGEE SSE OSELE ROE 149 | Dystactella ( Tellenomya)............ 157

J OPSCOBE TUS eos ucn pene wicBao ever Cos AG 179 | D’Zou, Dr. Annie; Res. Mem..... 685

Distaplia occidentalis Bancroft...... 609

D. occidentalis Ritter......... SOO), (6010) || IUAIME; A Bs 8 Wlocosoosuswoonodonosoe 88

Distuma tlotum Sluiter.............+. 608 | Earbones of Trinidad opossum...103-118

D. lobata n. sp...... 590, 606-8, 616 | East River; Material on bottom.... 114

DET LOMEUMSD: fact: Boro), COS 40) (OO) || IH AAHONGU, So sancssoconssovacenoooSbns6oes 182

UDR SR eRe ae oes dN ROE SER SOR EE 608 | Echinodermata ; Whitfield’s list....147-8

IDNaenEnas., IRE Iasaconnoae ssonescuoennence 488 | ECHINODERMS OF BERMUDA, FuR-

ID YiseCoh ats AIRS ts) Be EE a ele eit a 488 THER NOTES ON THE, H. L.

Dodge, R. E.; A LAKE History Clarke eeeeernceeee: 117-35, 639-40

IN NORTE INVES SOUS 641 | Echinoderms; Bermuda............. 681

Dodge, R. E.; Work aT PUEBLO Lchinotdea ; Bermuda...... 131, 132,135

BoniLo, N. “Mex ach seeae crear NSify OW | PAAR 5 nog s0eeK600G0000c0000000800000 117

Dodge, R. Ee PNT Luteecers scree ceca 488 | Echinoneus semtlunarts Gmel...... 13

Dodge, Wm. E Bias) ea bey prericee 686 | Echinometra subangularts Lecke 117,132

DD OULU ra ou ottnises Te NASA as oe 169| Echinus ; Puget Sound............... 688

IDolllo, IDyr ILOwIS 8. TE Gedonoconeondebe 630 | Eddy, Casper W. ; Inc. Mem....... 1-2

Dolomite, Crystallinesy.2.-.2:--4-5- 115 | Eddy current, Component of, how

DomesNoyonpearisobsenvatony--. -O30)|) . determinedies ses ereee eee eeceeeee 657

UDO OG eB acdon or ahetlaekcse nce es oes 157| Edinburgh Yearly Results; Star

Doolittles Games inet aan. 488 Catalogue eere ene nee eecer 349, 360

Dorsal lamina; Cynthia deani, n. YUM OU sco poboancocneoncsoousdeoG 157, 185

S)0)). oho SBeR a SEAS U aoe NaH AaSaE Seon 53) Hdmonsonk alse Waihet en sese a seeee 488

C. macrosiphonus n. Sp..-..... 598 | Elasmobranchiu Holocephali a sub-

Styela stimpsoni Ni. Sp......+.-+- 603) (ond enfolery teeters heneaue en semactecnes 622

Dorsal tubercle; Styela stimpsonz, ELECTRICAL WAVES, LONG, WITH

IDs. G Dociguppeabospaoasoocomnaaqdansaosee 603 EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRA-

LD OSCICUC ror Rinnpe amen SE chy se Sea 157) |) EBLONS VIG Le MEA Ines se cee ee cceee 674

IDyotiyelleisis YANG Jig. 8 Tkellso concooadoadoods 488 ee ee (Black Hills) Geol-

Drainage of Black Hills............. LOO—5i | OR VA cn oaccmassnnee ne emmccates 232, 249-52

DRAMA OF ANCIENT INpDIA, NOTES Ellin, Profeireianeissesutecos ashen 678

on, A. V. W. Jackson......... 643-4 Elliptocephalus aici meneie Cloutier 182

Drama, Sancrit; Unity of time...... 643 | EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION, AN OB-

Dreyer; Catalogue of stars......... 348 | | JECTIVE METHOD OF STUDYING,

Dreyiuss ret ee es eeeacee eee 106-7 Bw At Gertardyecccssess ccumne ce 654

Drift (Staten Id.); lEarlier de- LEG UMETOIS 3030059606000000000000. 6000000 182

SCLIP HONS Mae taec ee ccecamoos cose sores OP=3 || JBAHOGT HES scocdaoodbadacdnsses00 9800286 179

DRIFT ON STATEN ISLAND, SOME PEP LOCOSLEG Ware Siac aene cone ose 157

FEATURES OF, Arthur Hollick 91-105 | Amd@opty gid ..... cc sce ee veces ee eee ee eees 169

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCcI.,

Vol. XII,

Aug. 13.—44.

698

Endostyle; Cynthia deanin. sp.... 593

Eopale@ozoic rocks; N. Brunswick.. 42

Epiblast; Teleost eggs............... 640

Epidote in copper oreS............+++. 667

Episternum in Platocarpus........... 660

Episternum lacking in Zylosaurus

Dy speyor, Cope. .wansate cosas 660

TE ULE OTS ALC. saanecanaaceee isc tae 54

TEC OSP EBON OS ROO SOOOCE ESOP ADONOONCS 169

Eriphia gonagra Fabricius,.......... 527

JEP ROAOND can coovncobonbgannonbbonaooore 169

Eruptive rocks; Black Hills....... 204-94

Esquimo, THE, OF Hupson Bay,

DrhiranzesOass ssc eaeeeeeeeee 684

Etcheminian ; Derivation of name.. 42

Fauna distinct from Cam-

DLL aIN se satoaeaedes cece snaaeseaes 52-4

Hossilsitoundames cee seco ecces: 52-4

Oldest Paleeozoic fauna......... 4I

Section below the Cambrian...41-56

Two cycles in terrane............ 45

Westward extension on Atlan- _

tUeyCOaStaaricncenotste te secee 54-6

VECO BLOCHLILTES are eee ee etias 147

LU INUCKOLUSa mat eats eee eee eee ociee 157

VES LOMDILQLUS Nine Oa eee Eee 169

LPLUVYPLETUS Rika Sona seeacesiec sete nus: 182

Lurytiume Mmosum Say ...ccccceceeees 528

PEUENTUG to dsartacenown a seer ae a eee 169

Evolution illustrated by cannon

bonekingcamelerene m.seneka tens 622-3

EVOLUTION OF THE KARYOKI-

NETIC FicureE, G. N. Calkins... 626

EXCURSION TO YELLOWSTONE

PARK oO LOVE Yyateecsecee 667, 671

EXHIBITION OF VARIOUS MINER-

ALOGICAL SPECIMENS, G. F.

1 Qh oU Arians Geaaeaenbsooebaaceaasoaodseg 66

LEGO RYT A revece sete nen ee ee eee Re 158

EXPLORATION BY THE AMERICAN

MusEUM PARTY IN THE COMO

BEDS OF SOUTHERN WYOMING,

Ak OSDOnM Ms eoseaeee ene canes 665-666

Mabricius)sireticne 527, 533, 540, 545

Farrand, Dr. Livingston ; Bas-

KETRY DESIGN OF THE SALISH

INDIANS yosatsachaes coeeccen eae enceaeis 671

Farrand, Dr. Livingston; NOTES

ON CHILCOTIN MYTHOLOGY...... 642

Farrand, Dr. Livingston: ref... 88

POSCLOLGHIO Ry setes nce eee eae ena 170

Fault-lines, Effect of, on Hudson

IRL VeLe. Sadeeesaencaee Feloleisls Rare citetaetoee 624

Fauna, Distinctness of Etcheminian

fromyGambrianncesenceseseeecesaacees 52

Mauna Canadascssanesceeeseeeeeeneee 42

Mammoth’ Cavers... s.2-ccesseee 646-7

WE VOSTLES Dw NUNS a eNO Lora Ree 146

INDEX.

FELDSPAR, NOTE ON, FROM THE

CALUMET COPPER MINE, KE-

WEENAW Point, Micu., A. A.

i ABUGT= olsaat pe panncansancdhopagpscodac: 649-53

Fellows and Resident Members,

ING Wer Arcad SS. Clwesanescesteetioseee 15-25

TCIOSTELIG sata een PRE Sac eeEEe 148

DEL CUS Hons Vans t adden mere nee eee eee ee 170

FINDINGS, ON THE, OF NATIVE

SILVER IN Davipson Co., N.

CA Geoww hy wkKounZeaseeeeereeteere 623-4

Fishes, Showy; Bermuda............

FIsHES, TELEOST, OBSERVATIONS

ON THE GERM LAYERS OF, F.

Be SUMNER. .cuscsscsenencoeaeene 626

TOSSUP EM Asc cccene sect ee Se osteo 170

TGStUT POND sac eels eet eee ee CRETE 148

Flight, Magic, Tradition of ......... 684.

Fintermann) Prof......+..:2.e 273-5, 277

Foerste and Shaler; ref............... 55

F, O. H. German (Avestan Syn-

tax))5) Indexslocanum = ne emeeerce 588

Holey. Acme sre tenrece meee een ee eees 488

Foley Peak (Black Hills); Geology 278

OG PUOGT AAD Sem 90 0080080800 000 A0C852 43

J TO UGSIUEEU OU Br noericnndee nb0nan 00000086: 147

Formula for string vibration ......... 665

Fossils ; Staten Island................. 94-8

FossiIts, TYPES AND FIGURED

SPECIMENS, Lisr oF, USED IN

THE PAL/EONTOLOGICAL WORK

OF R. P. WHITFIELD, SHOWING

WHERE THEY ARE PROBABLY TO

BE FOUND AT THE PRESENT TIME,

RPV bitfieldaes-eassesaenee 139-86

Fosters Wis: Jisj teliscseensaseesceoeee 88

Box a5 AW fcr maentens cece 488

Fox, Remains of pre-historic :

Manhattan! Islandi.2-eaeeae ccaee 681

Fraas, Dr. Eberhard; Cor. Mem... 630

PV AEUIE v2; dclasasss comedeneencenseeceoes 155

Hramlslin Wess. mel sesseeetseeaeenee 488

Franz, S. I.; ON AFTER IMAGES..654-5

raser sreticccnpc sue eneeee eee 103

Fraser, Percival ; ref............... 207

ireminwvillesireteecesssseesemeeeeeee 525

Joriés,, JE; Els reke ao. ee eeceeeeee 488

YT) GER OPE CE CROC ROCCO RRS e 170

PICLV IG Jo ruus eve nae eee 158

FURTHER NOTES ON THE ECHI-

NODERMS OF BERMUDA, H. L.

Clark... nv abouls GocaSateoee nee sates 117-38

Fusibility of Clays ; Cause..... . 663

EUSUSPUL Erase tenon aa eor eee eee ee 170

PUSUS’ cissce seca eet es Bh ROSE SRT 170

Ganectophyte ; Peculiarity of repro-

GUGCHON:..-5.3 58 Sooss cane eee eeeeeoaes 8-9

GanonesaWe Her iretseeene neste 488

Garnet (Melanite)O.t-scr.<.-e-soenae 270

INDEX. 699

Garnet in copper OFreS..............04 667 GLACIAL CLIMATE, RECENT

GASEOUS CELESTIAL BopIEs, ON THEORIES REGARDING THE

THE TEMPERATURE OF, A. S. CAUSE OF, J. F. Kemp........... 675

GHESSim ee ee saaauscreseeneaes 647-8 | Glaciation at Schoharie............... 669

Gasteropida ; Whitfield’s list...... 167--78 | Glass, Jena, for lenses................. 626

GaStenpods ios vosons eeewnecsiested ences G2 — BiG LOUCCOILG/L OMEN eee Rete Reece 170

GOSTOWMEED scqscsoodco0s—n0s60000G0000 MSS) |) GY MONE UALS cscooogdvcas0sdoa00000b00080 147

(GECAHOULUS: damascarn yasescooeoceteec eee Beet KG pon\ellsS sae sdouosdopodonbadodedoosooubds 132

Gavasostonza Miers sane. 525 GLAZECHA? soscoscenscgovedobacessbo0cens 158

G. lateralis Freminville........ B2pGoldt; Blackwell sia. serene 310-11

Gaigllergs Io 1858 38a osaaoocosasqsoHodEee iS) lk GOMGHECEETOS so ccoccoodoacodsdbunneeoso0es 179

Gemimceiny Blas7ai es eaceceeeosenees 689 | Gonads ; Styela stimpsonin sp..... 603

Hi, (COMMUIG IEP TOR la oecdoon53600000 080 S50) | WOOLLY oes pogoaandoobedbosonadbucs ode 179

1 LETOOUGH ED rcoacaocacoosonG0de6e OSO) || GALA NLOBaccosavaddondoneossesco0000beG0 158

Tha) MAGACUGH TD ceconcpoanb0cc0000e BYEK0) | GOLLEO BSS 06 ooa0d0acqaccc0psdcgnene00G0009 523

MARZO ULA Menta nnicnteasceete re X85) || (GOAL OES WOR. coacdosooooonboGonouodonbo 523

Ih ARARA ET o3e pod caccqeoce 260506 689 | Gonodactylus chiragra Fabricius... 545

ID SAB ROMs acobconaonaccne een. 689 @ESICALD EllanseMeaceeees sae eete: 546

Geologic structure; Black Hills...190-5 | Goode, G. Brown; ref...... 522, 528, 541

‘GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL Gould, B.A.; Star catalogue...... 345

NOTES GATHERED DURING A COL- Coulda sce ee Merah eaten 158

LECTING TRIP TO Russia, E.O. Graham, A.; Star catalogue....... 349

EV OWS sais acess ace cicis arenes (Vile). 133} || GAC AILHOMOE brononobooooboabeasounee 158

‘Geological conditions; Staten Is- (CREMETEISEL, scndoedps0oadq0d0b00000000 158, 185

Nena Rate ae aaa enn ty Salt oer aan Ae gI-2| Grantia ; Puget Sound............... 687

‘Geological history (Black Hills); Graphite ; Adirondacks............... 669

TED BOWNESS 150 cndcccqosuobannodesod Por t)||) (GH CHPSUECA, bs ooadoscodcooudcbapocéosoHeuGs 526

‘GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ADI- CHODSUSN SHH RY Rena NO NN Dee Meet 523

RONDACK REGION, J. F. Kemp (GAG GUIGIAUS ops shan onsAtaopHadcobode 526

667, 669 G. cruentatus Latreille......... 527

‘Geological Survey, U. S.; ref...... 88 G. grapsus Linneus............. 527

‘GEOLOGY OF MAMMOTH CAVE, R. GI ACUIALUS a ene eee 527

Elisworthy CalilGeeereccncreees: 623-4 | Gratacap, L. P.; ref......... 88, 97, 489

(GEOLOGY OF THE LARAMIE PLAINS Gray sprrete soe scenes ee ears 130, 131

AND RATTLESNAKE MOUNTAINS

IN WYOMING, NOTES ON, W.

De Matthew: siete ce acseieecccenes 675-7

‘GEOLOGY OF THE NORTHERN

Biack HIiis, A CONTRIBUTION,

AD ee Livin Osa oe nee sae eee 187-340

‘Geometrical designs in Salish

baisketiy aiiss ics ceensecisise ssi ale 672

(GERM LAVERS OF TELEOST FISHES,

OBSERVATIONS ON, F. B. Sum-

FOX aR REA eB on prsuune MBN EH AGH 639-40

German, F. O. H. (Avestan syn-

tax) indexclocaruna:seosesceesneas 588

‘Gerrard, E. A.; AN OBJECTIVE

METHOD OF STUDYING Emo-

TONAL MOXCPR'ESSTON Halen ee seeet 654

(LASER coc HOR COR CASO ION ERS 158, 160

GEFOUPEPESUS coagd00c0no5da0b08cecGuD Sabb 158

‘Gibbes ; ref.....526, 530, 533, 535, 543

‘Giblet Id.; Specimens of AZe/iita... 117

‘Gralleys Vo WWES Ehcodsqosonaadcoeooons 488

(CUIDLAROEAL LOD 566 080060000000000000 00 147

Gillis ; Star catalogue............. 346, 350

GiihignnS, (COs Wet condscossasdacosoa: 114

<Grikenendanay, We Whvo8 Sees" cagoocasncocone 88

Gray, Louis H.; CoNTRIBUTION

TO THE AVESTAN SYNTAX, THE

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE...549-88, 643

Greek; Index locarum (Avestan

Saliba) Wa nen EER Cran sdalee aa laukeraciac 588

Greek and Sanscrit, Avestan pro-

tasis and apodosis compared with. 643

Greenwich Yearly Results; Cata-

lo geTOMStarsmenseneereeererecece 350, 301

Grenough iret tenaccsseearce ee eee ener 315

Grithth's ir efes cee pero ee 88, 489

Grorudite family ; Black Hills

245-6, 248-57

SrgOiy, Ls No 8 TWEE cooodnoocoodosub 900 88, 489

Gryphea Bae RUE oneticie 0a ees Mae 158

Gubbins, Lt. ; ae SSHRC GHAR EO aH NACSSG 523

Gueringpinets aoe ee Pen ea 541

GWAVGT Bab pocneniganbe0460500058008000006 179

(CO HOLLAD Wants dodonodbboococpencaooaoHOGn 170

Hagar, Stanbury ; THE ASTRON-

OMICAL COSMOGONY OF THE PE-

RU ViTAINS ie sa ta Cee 654-5

Fale scG aswel eet ene ance 88

Rea TS re fee aie canes Nena A an 55

700 INDEX.

ISEUdh, JEMONe. Ilo 8: ieliseccoaanen opdne 140, 142| Aipponoéd esculenta Leske............ 132

Hoalllettys si suemeltesas.tssc ccm ccemace 480) | His saretssecemenecaseesceect cease 105

Hallock, Wm.; A MopEL To IL- History, Geological (Black Hills) :

LUSTRATE KIRSCHOFF’S PRIN- Ely pOthesisnaneas fecesvacceaceeetecene 202-4

G12) LDL Seen eR ca cr reprcodsaader 618, 619

Hallock, Wm. ; CompounD Har-

MONIC VIBRATIONS OF A STRING 664-5

Haillock, VVimbewirehessssaasceeees 8, 489

Elalsteds Bays -aneleweeeraccse eee 88, 489

JEL SOAS eo risconboocebbeconsbcab0ocosbO abc 146

TLRINIMED sis seeeeo ents abe ceee nee 171

Flansenysiretitanusgsecna cette aes 545

arper, sR Min sire tiers soasascescence 489

Harrington, N. R.; THE SENFF

ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITION.....645, 647

Harrington, N. R.; ref...88, 664, 666

PL artesmretintts. de stuice cams ecatiee el setls 47

LGU WE ae his Se Sos oaa eR ee eee ee 268

lay sia Vinnie re leeneesecaee 400, 403, 478

Fliaz enki) aly eimetey ase ce cescemer ere 88

Heart; Styela stimsoni n. sp........ 603

Hedstrom, H., and J. G. Ander-

SSonis) relics. ree ac aesoe cette 46

Heilprin; List of Bermuda Crus-

UKE a BaodnbonoSdobansocosocodoaba0[s¢ 521

Heilprin; A.; refi, v19; 120, 721, 122)

123, 124, 125, 33> 521, 522, 525, 526,

527, 528, 529, 530, 532; 533, 534, 535,

536, 539, 540, 544.

PLOL CLOTS AE ane S Sarge NR eae ce oe 171

DEC UCHR MERCER OS RAP eon ag AIRES 3

WTCUC OCCT. US eee 179

Teller aCh sein mea kee eee 598, 599, 610

LELETLUPDYONULES ee smaceee ee eeeee een 149

Henderson; reise ssceneees 522, 533, 534

Hepatice, Canectaphyte on the,

Neproductionsseacessee easeaesttses 88-9

HEPATIC#, VEGETABLE REPRO-

DUCTION BY MEANS oF BROOD

ORGANS IN THE, M. A. Howe

685, 688, 689

Ler bStiielseneenseeseneeee 532-534, 548 |

FELCH CORTOSS NS Maseat snteeeeae ee esses 179

Herdman, W.A.; ref.,

590, 598, 601, 603, 604, 605

Hering, Prof. W. D.; Res. Mem.. 631

HERMANN, C. W. A. ; BIOGRAPH-

ICAL NOTICE OF, D.S. Martin. 628

Hermann, Mrs.; Giftto N.Y.Ac.Sc. 634

flerneteaus ; Puget Sound ........... 688

JnISagoVayR ICD labeonconocoobudsuoooessobeoa 315

UL OLELOCER AS Sata coos eae nee oe ees sere 179)

iEliewins, Mrs: Nes reficscs.c..ecoeeee 489 |

Elildburglay Welacs- miele scssecscssenee 88 |

Hilgendoriie metis.eeesse poeceeeee 534)

Eh BR Sabeasire te oeecaneneen cate 88 |

ELI Prof sretscchenseeec nee 352 |

Lippide Boon so nanccondcanuadboaaronebOco 533 |

LLUPPOMOPAYCUS Stace saesnodonce esters 145 '

HIsTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT

OF THE CANNON-BONE IN ARTI-

ODACTYLA, J. L. Wortman..621, 622

Hitchcock, Romyn; Res. Mem.... 685

HO.iick, ARTHUR, A RECONNOIS-

SANCE OF THE ELIZABETH Is-

THAINIDS. SNWASS i rceo meric teenaiten 660-62

Hollick Arthur ; THE DISCOVERY

oF A MASTODON’s TOOTH AND

REMAINS OF BOREAL VEGETA-

TION ON STATEN ISLAND.........679-81

Frolm'Gerardsmetisscetseeee sneer 54

lp lfo) brol\Sani no BEER ABO REEEEbOsE SpE Arodcdocs 296

Holoblastic cleavage; Teleost eggs 640

LfTolocephali ; Sub-order of Elasmo-

branchiia gsi scucest snadeeleo neces 622

FL OLOPER sat Seale Mestauaide con eoen Ae e EE 170

LLOVOCWUGUD oScrge Seceen a Sasa eee 135

TAR QULLCULATE WAC seeeseteneee 125

ELM CRU ONILLCO eee eRe ee 688

f7. captiva Ludw....... 124, 125, 133

Hi. flortdana Pourt........... 122, 123

HT. surinamensis Ludw.

1D, 225 2Abee

iolothunian Seeeeeeseeecseee 117, 119, 688 ;

FHolothurioidea ; Bermuda..133, 135, 640

Holst, J. R.; THE INFLUENCE

OF THE NEw JENA GIAss ON

MODERIN OPTICS peeeeeereaaaseaeee

Talo e{ey Ie \[ee INGE Ike a cnoctmoosdscbeode 645

Honorary Members, N. Y. Ac. Sc.. 26-9

Hloppingyy Oversees eee nese eee 489

\Welornaday,y bs dl nelensss ee ee eee 489

INGE IN Mehisl Aas snapdousscoodnooase 631

| Hornblende schist, Manhattan series67 5-6

Horse ancestry, Prof. O. C. Marsh’s

GISCOVEDy Pill peeaeeeeeeeee: eee eee 645

Hovey, E. O.; EXcuRSION TO

YELLOWSTONE PARK............ 667-671

Hovey, E. O.; GEOLOGICAL AND

MINERALOGICAL NOTES GATH-

ERED DURING A COLLECTING

“ET RIPYTO) RUSSIAN eases see eeeeee 649, 653

FLOVe yr Os rehssn anes eee 489

Hovey, Rev. H. C., D.D.; THE

REGION OF THE CAUSSES IN

FRANCE, THEIR CAVES, CAN-

YONS AND PRE-HISTORIC RE-

MAINS 3.4 oe ctoscsved ie oe senabacbhies eee 625

lowe; dic Mies tiretaseaserce coc 498

Res,, Memiit=- Se -seeer ates Fe 631

Howe, M. A.; VEGETABLE RE-

PRODUCTION BY MEANS OF

Broop ORGANS IN THE HE-

PATIGIB 5. cccene tees Sesto 685, 688-9

PHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF

THE VERTEBRATE, G. S. Hunt-

Sho¥=A 40) Dna oc eancunereeeets

LN EWULUS SSAA pete eetanceee tees

WUE TUS HE Saas ous selsle east eee

Illustrations; Imperial printing

PLOCESSSeeeesee sean 667

DOTA CUNT ater OOO G OIC OSBORN

IGneWS 9 Oreiethal, cons cocenoocbacenc-cbOed6 103, 104

Index locarum ; Avestan syntax..... 586

’ Index rerum; Avestan syntax........586-7

INFLUENCE OF THE NEW JENA

GLAss ON MODERN OPTICS, J.

Re IOISG ii 5. seivccctepteccrsesee

Innes, Walter; Cor. Mem...............

INDEX. 701

VOW eC HIVICWAT bret. tac eenssneeeeneee ARS) | TEDOGRUES monoasoqadoabdadcousdeosecn GaSe 145

lowesy Erom Gaba) Cory Memetee (02 01|'/ocerarussetenetete ete een serea ne 158-9

LOWE ye ofeckz ase Leleceeeseeeeeriseeete 42, 47 | Internal structure; Cyzthia erecta

Hrdlicka, A.; OBSERVATIONS ON THERES Dye ec Nets ieceae sora srorsunesiciois 598

THE NAVAJOES, PHYSICAL AND | Intestine; Cynthia deani n. sp..... 593

IPS NACIEKOICOYEMONG secnqdoonancgousesc 684 Cynthia superba B. Sp... ...--- 592

Hrdlicka, A.; ZAPOTECAN Intrusions in eruptive rocks (Black

SSRN LS) SoH Sa ae een a a 642 Flili's)\y;5Comparisonsweeeenescerscr 234-7

Hudson Bay tribes; Traditions..... 684 | Irving, J. D.; A CONTRIBUTION

Hudson River, Course of, modified TO THE GEOLOGY OF THE

ipyastaulltalineseenaree ee csceercceenecee 624 NORTHERN BLACK HILLS..... 187-340

Infeilete, (Co vale 9 Fe Gocosooaobocandosace 88 Irving, J. D.; THE GEOLUGY OF

Etim bold tsreleceseeeeeeee eee a 678 THE NORTHERN BLACKS HILLs

Huntington, G. S.; THE Mor- AND THEIR SILICEOUS GOLD

PHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF ORES See a eeu amare 641

THE VERTEBRATE ILIOCOLIC IGRABOYER,. [4 IDEB TEs Gscaocnoodouaosodes 88, 274

]WIKCIION Grecoaddounsaubagedcnoone On, On) || Ibambore, 12, ISS HElconocosbaceocsadostooe 315

EuntingtonGe Si ess Miem= Ost sacar dian. easene a eee ee Beate 159

Pep UNe be beerce te eee AAAS et 88 | Isopods ; Puget Sound............... 688

Elxd Sys toneikenoesdatestandtosedacaces 103 | Jackson, A. V. W.; NOTES ON

HYALITE, DISTRIBUTION OF OPAL THE DRAMA OF ANCIENT INDIA..643-4 -

ORSe Ate Avy (We mace acne ecece 667, 670)| Jacob;/Star catalogue. .2).5.---...-... 347

VEL Up OULSUSHCOLIC ima eemenc ene ere 622 | Jacoby, Prof.; Method of, Posi-

Hyoidean arch; Derivation......103, 107) tions of stars in Coma Berenices.. 648

JENQTIT OUI S scoodcoonnborsoon bbb 6od000000 53 | Jacoby, Prof. H.; ref.,

EL OVE LES eee eee 5255S 45) Le 89, 421, 428-9, 478

LON DUDALIG( 596 545300550500 SQ0D0COB80e 53, 54, 55 | Jade implements, European, not of

Hey Oltbhordeselllseeeeeeratacceeeea sere 43 ANFENAIS O)AleAbal Go oscsododascuoscooodalo 671

Hypapophyses, Extension of, in JADE, VISIT TO THE ANCIENT

YORCHUSt meres cee neneceewcecatne-te 679 LOcALITY OF, AT JORDANSMUHL

Hypoblast; Teleost eggs............. 640 NEAR BRESLAU,G.F.Kunz, 667,670-1

Catfish ;° How. derived:......... 640; NagceraD rl AU inetounae eee 315

Trout ; How derived............ 640) |Mfamalcay Zeltser ee seeree 118

Hysteresis loop, Dynamic, distin- janes Up PEs pels casepeacon scene 142

tinguished from static loop........ O57, | Jascewskiperote: rete rpescseeeeeee 671

Jay Terrell Collection of Fishes ;

Ichthyosaurus ; Form of tail......... GG)" ret oe Sse ecassen a eteawesoameeeee 686

Iddings, Prof. ; ref.............:..:.+- 671 | Jena glass; Superiority for lenses.. 626

Idocrase in copper ores..........-...---. 667 | JENA GLAss, INFLUENCE OF, ON

JDOCRASE, OCCURRENCE OF, AT MopDERN Optics, J. R. Holst.. 626

SEVEN DEVILS, J. F. Kemp..... GOTH MEMTIC YA ac dey. teen secs eeeeemnaee 141

WLON EAT COON Ph open ara U5 9) enneya Dire refiee nse 207, 297, 315

Igneous intrusions ; Black Hills.....243-4 | Johnson; ref..............ecece eee nena ee 315

ILtocoLtic JUNCTION, THE Mor- J@lmargora., (Cio 1858 FROG scooggca0qa0sa08c 89

Jones, J. M.; ref. 522, 525, 528, 520,

30, 531, 533, 535, 536 541, 545.

Judd, C.; MovEMENT AND Con-

SCIOUSNESS

Judd, C. H.; THE VisuaL PEr-

CEPTION OF LINEAR DISTANCES,. 624

Jferelel (G5 18 GF TS ssocccacoocneesoodas 89, 489

Julien, A. A.; DIsTRIBUTION OF

OPATOR MEIWATEREaeen tee ateeies 667, 670

Julien, A. A.; Nove ON A FELD-

SPAR FROM THE CALUMET Cop-

PER MINE, KEWEENAW POINT,

DVT CEUIG AINGi seems se eeeeeniciec econ 649-53

Jurassic character of Como Bluffs

SCH OMI sed etecwecn conics 669-70

702

Kalidasia; Sanscrit plays..........+.643-4

Kaolin, Material resembling;

iBlackwellis mild assscscsescesseceeenee 113-4

Kaolin; Not cause of elasticity of ~

CLAY SIR es ok seein ee eee 663

KARYOKINETIC FIGURE, THE Evo-

LUTION OF THE, G. N. Calkins 626

INceler anya areinemse tear aeceeseres

Kemp, J. F.; GEOLOGICAL Sur-

VEY OF THE ADIRONDACK RE-

GION

Kemp, J. F.; METAMORPHOSED

DikEs IN Mica SCHISTS OF

MORNINGSIDE HEIGHTS........... 675-6

Kemp, J. F.; ON THE OccurR-

RENCE OF IDOCRASE AT SEVEN

DD) Eales MIO NAAN AN «sence

Kemp, J. F.; ON THE TITANI-

FEROUS MAGNETITES............00.

Kemp, J. F.; RECENT THEORIES

REGARDING THE CAUSE OF GLA-

CIA CiiNAT Ea ea eee 675

Kemp, J. F.; ref.,

89, 113, 222, 79, 315, ae

IETS WGN ooocookodobooedssnosoodec 65

Kennebecasis Valley (N. B.); Ter-

TANS ian reasauceauestienicae seep nate 6-52

Kepler, Rev. Dr. Wm.; ref...... 686

Kiaer, Johann\s-retisse sea 603, 610

Kanovmi Clarencescetenos treaece 142

Kingsley; irelit accesses 532, 541, 543

KIRSCHOFF’S PRINCIPLE, A MODEL

TO ILLUSTRATE, Wm. Hallock,

618, 619

Kissam, Benj. P.; Inc. Mem...... I-3

Rel ore tiscn ctmacices aacatacntaaeee 132

Kloock’s ‘*Tafeln der Praeses-

STOn ise are fe vn anil Rts ae 352

Tn appis Were loess ee meeaceecsee eee 142

Knevels, D’Jurco V.; Inc. Mem... 1-3

Knobel st ret.o.5. oes natten ee 344

Ken or wAR PE As ere feta eee eee 89

Kohlrausch, Prof. Dr. F.; Cor. Mem 630

Kretz, W. C.; POSITION AND.

PROPER MOTIONS OF THE

PRINCIPAL STARS OF CLUSTER

oF CoMA BERENICES...341-78, 647-8

FGretz; uel crass cen ater eee eee 403

Kroeber vASiestret enees. tase 489

Kunz, G. F.; EXHIBITIONS OF

VARIOUS MINERALOGICAL SPECI-

MIEN Sere a teen Seek OR eteane gas ae 667

Kunz, G. F.; ON THE FINDINGS

OF NATIVE SILVER IN DAVID-

Kunz, G. F.; Visir To THE AN-

CIENT LOCALITY OF JADE AT

JORDANSMUHL NEAR BRESLAU,

GERMANY Sse ec eetene cen 667, 670-1

Re bid emratet 667, 669'

INDEX.

Kunz5'Giuk: siete se..sccrusoeerceece 89

Kupffer’s vesicle in Teleost, How

GCELIVER i scsaccticaiwssneeesosce tees 640

MOHD EGY bob oqn00 00402005 950n0 6004000 53, 149

Laccolite; Black Hills.............. 209-28

La Croix, Prof. P.; Cor. Mem..... 630

LAKE HIsTory IN NORTHERN N.

Na RED Odp.e aa smeseeneeeeree 641

Lalande ; Star catalogue............ 44.

Lamellibranchiata ; Whitfield’s list

153-606

Lamellibranchs in Etcheminian.....52, 53

Wamkisirets tsenosateeecee 118, 131, 536

Lamphrophyre family..245, 247, 287, 288

Langdon, W. G.; Res. Mem........ 645

Langmann, G.; Res. Mem........... 638

Language, Navajoe, belongs to

Athapascan group ............-..+ 684

Lanham, Prof. C. R.; THE NEw

ScHOLAR ; His AIMS AND PROB-

ALA EMIS ahs) ad cts eres Seine erase toe 642, 655-6

Latin (Avestan syntax) ; Index lo-

CATUMA soc Baw sasacms abaoccia seen 588

Latreille ; ref.,

525, 527, 530, 531, 533, 536

Gauter, Be sinelis ce soscase vote eee 489

WawrencessAvul: “rele seen aeeeeee 89

EGRIUSPIUG Saas ys sae oe 171

Weckeys refeskos se siecoeeee eee Ly)

Lee, Frederic S.; THE CAUSE

AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MUSCLE

INARI GUE! 0c, easneosen-ceeneeee means 626

Lee, Frederic S.; Res. Mem..... 631

Trees Wissen Pf nae sacar sescasesneceters 489

YEGTTHE? GZS socigne06n086000000000066 523-4

Leander affinis M.-Edw.............- 539

TE MOLALOR ore uanisetee se eee 533-4

Eeawatator Naclidwiaeceeeeceecee 538

LE CAD 3 Foc d dais da ee Ocoee eae 159, 185

UECTUILEN sa visees dese sncnene naan ate ete 159

FL CUOBUSTN Gc sowcsae ccseconsuseaaneee 169

UGCLOV HY VECHUS\snen ci nece conn acee ene eser 149

VECIOSEY O60 Sera esetndaeneneaeneeseeees 171

Ienkers: Vaiene eee eee 89

Lenses, Superiority of Jena glassfor 626

LEO DER CTO [FH Derg sbemoncis0 ne co0g0000: 524

L. anatifera Linneus........... 545

LE a PECLUILOL Dae eanseenaereesese 524.

L, pectinata Spangler........... 545

L CPCVELUC Os cacrsseaceec acetates a eee 183

LEPLENRGdecscseeoneesonee ERS eee 149

Leptoboluus. vs sass suas Sorts evens tenes Oee: 149

DEG OAL Ie? Gorocmiceio aca npo8 95 oa 28 171

LE CDLOSOLEN RS Ri ecie eke eee ee 159

Leskes viel, soscie.ce toe eee 132

Weuciters) Blackshinl ssssessesseeeeecee 270

Levison, W. G.; ON PHOTO-

GRAPHS OF MINERALS, etc..660, 662-3

INDEX. 703

Levison, W. G.; ref............. (Koy, velsto) Lovo, Jig JBI9 IRAE ceoonpeoesecedaden 89

Librarian, N. Y. Acad. Sci., An- Lophactaea lobata M.-Edw.......... 529

oA IRNEYOYAE Oho boconodeooncdooonchons ORD) || SLOW AOE UDR: co cosh anonedobopkesobone: 146

64-5, 484-5, 636-7 | Lower Silurian age; Crystalline

PUCK ASN ieee sinasissdeeislsccce ee ctctads 183| terrane (Westchester Co.,N. Y.) 113

Lignitic clay; Elizabeth Islands... 662) Loxoment@.cccc.cccececsccccsccesscecseces 171

ECOL CN ane Na Ser N07 9 eae eee TREN) | LAB So8 TREN Gnoonocnoesooes 118, 130, 131, 149

Limestone, Decomposed, produces TEU CLI GS cei ena Ree ete neue 159-60

Clasy Sieeeiem mee ceases aia ranma 623-4 | Ludlow, Wm.; ref..........-....-.. I4I

EAT LO PLE Nana a aoe lean ets 159, 185 | Ludwig; ref. 121, 123, 124, 125, 129,

impets;huget ound sacs acess 688) ia 344n 35

Linckia guildingt? Gray.........0.0.. 130| Luzdia clathrata Say............ 118, 130

LINEAR DISTANCES, THE VISUAL VET TELTO eon RoR sao aoe oE oOo Sob ESRONE 17]

PERCEPTION OF, Charles H. Teun reheseasiane saesaan nee 535

AAs ae aR ne ia tena grate CP IEC UNO crsnctonpooneucosuaucdobooonese 689

LEQ PRU RID oO ORM SSO ELC LCE CEE Oe LSC) SLPTOOU ODA Oanpccsoosconeodscbeoe 160, 186

LEVIES IL aires ae settee eee Cereal eee WO) || LAR? CHOIR DUP 0556000005008 0o0o0eee 530

LEC ELI rR ate as ea aa ae ana 150} cuquer, ee) Mclss refi i2.2. SN 489

LECTED US HEE ets aute tree Na 150 INSET IN Kel ssa pboongnosmseocaueoebad 631

Linguloid brachiopod................. D2 We then aime le science teen re ueae a emee 358

Winneeusiy melee esse 526, 527, 545 | Lyceum of Natural History in the

Linville, Dr. H. R.; AN Ac- CityaofdNei Vins se nee aera 1-5

COUNT OF ZOOLOGICAL EXPLOR- LECOROROOUE cocoonprssonondononoseeesacee 666

ATIONS ON PUGET SouND Dur- LESROCTIIG cosoonoouossesobenenuceoosonc: 160

ING SUMMER OF 1899........ 685, 687-8

Linville, H. R.; Res. Mem........ 685; | MeC@elland ai Hsstnetescn he sceees 315

502 OC We eS Maca ER rene Tina ND SO) PMic@lures) GalkeaWieet retaaee eens 489

Liostracus Ouangondianus Hartt... 47 | Machrochetlus. ..ccccccececececececececes 171

Liquid air, Effect of on calcium LL CLUE BAS sh MUU een hs aus eae 171

Sul plaid ewe ava cee he sateen 657 || MacDougal Ds ahs rete wceeee 489

on calcium tungstate............ 6538) |) McGregor, Jp Hy reh eeee 489

List oF Fosstzs, TYPES AND McNaughtan, James; Res. Mem.. 645

FIGURED SPECIMENS, USED IN Macroceloma trispinosa Latreille.. 531

THE PALAONTOLOGICAL WORK MACHOL OIE ate oe EOE nae 160, 185

oF R. P. WHITFIELD, SHOWING WL ORGH AOS aS nani BORE SEGRE bOROLO 160

WHERE THEY ARE PROBABLY Madras Yearly Results; Star cata-

TO BE FOUND AT THE PRESENT Moyeqb anes aR MAM ana ner anne aes A NY 349

TIME, R. P. Whitfield.......... 139-86 | Magic flight, Tradition of............ 684

Literary compositions, Study of MEI. NAYS 1a/8. s8StisoodoppodssoooooN6ee 89

CMO WONG I cs oooanonnddcondooosddeUs OGV.1 9 IM FevenoVe(HIW®.. ceqngaocoboeonbecsonuDennde 269

Weitnvaymarneraly Newer. jee ceeeeeeces 663 | Magnetites with and without ti-

PETL LOL ONLUS SHARE ee Noe EERE 159 tanium, Occurrence of............. 627-8

TELLU ALES ature eee a OOS Sse 179 | MAGNETITES, ON THE TITANIFER-

Liversidge, Dr. A.; Cor. Mem...... 630| ous, Prof. J. F. Kemp........... 627

LizARDs, MOSASAURS AND SPHE- MAGNETIZATION ON IRON WITH

NODON, ON THE RELATION OF ALTERNATING CURRENTS, PRE-

THE CENTRA AND INTERCENTRA LIMINARY ACCOUNT, M. 1. Pu-

IN THE CERVICAL VERTEBR pin AND S. G. F. Trowbridge..656-7

Om Ht He Osborne eee OFC) || AVG DOO ASTID, scooaoucosootcadoodosedaber 54

LiiloyyGls 1, BAB Te cocopeaensooadodbe Songs) ||| Malacost iret seeussa.csccescacnereee 537

Resse Miemeiaeeereerereercerceeneee 631 | Malavika; Drama; Unity of Time.. 644

Lobopilumus agassizit Stimpson..... 529| Malleus; Continuity with first vis-

Morsay, Sie INGS were sssoscossononucens 489 Ceralyanchipeeseneeccen nes 103, 104, 107

Loeb, Dr. Morris; Res. Mem....... 631 | MAMMALIAN SUCCESSION IN AMER-

Lone ISLAND, ORIGIN OF THE ICA AS COMPARED WITH THAT IN

WHITE AND VARIEGATED CLAYS

oF, F. J. H. Merrill.....113-6, 623-4

Wongdeny Ach Caiereleeencece scence 489

EUROPE IN TERTIARY TIMES, H.

704

MAMMOTH CAVE, GEOLOGY OF,

R. Ellsworth Call................ 623-4

MAMMOTH CAVE, ZOOLOGY OF, R.

Ellsworth Call.................00.. 645-7

Mantle; Cynthia deani n. sp........ 592

C. macrosiphonus n. Sp...s.0.. 597

Co. SIRE UE BGS) Vigqo00006 caabo700Cor 591

LOR HOOD UYDETT sac cadboussiue sero: 607

Styela sttMpsont Ni. SP.secccreeee 602

Manuel’s Brook (N. B.); Ter-

HAMS Naehae haeee ee eee aero m arenes 46, 50-2

Manus of ‘* mule-footed’’ hog of

“Iso. ciara GR Nan Aan DIA rere iN b 659

MG PATE RIO» soo peBoos tb ongonnnssoedoGNt 689

PLN BUOL TIO eceanine aap dede non bcEsteodecoue 171

an PaeH DUA soegoboonbcaudsd cob ecbdaaaer 17I

Marl fossils; Clifton, Staten Id..... 100

Marsh, Prof. O. C.; Work in

Vertebrate Palzeontology.......... 645

Ich aa eOnB EOS OeODACORE aoe Saacon dice 670

Marsupalia, Ossicula of.............. 104-5

MUO AIA TOD ERROR TOSS R EO ES 160

Martin, D. S.; BIOGRAPHICAL

NoTIcCE OF THE LATE Mk.

CHARLES W. A. HERMANN...... 628

Martin Dr Da Sapinet.s eee 113-4

Mle reas TR NAY e TRebie Soe dnb adeosaudoose 89

MA OULONVG, secs cesccloecnenteiacteee sees ee 152

Mastodon; Newburgh, N. Y....... 670

IMiewalnentai@nal IWGlat eos" a Sosouce cocce 680-1

Mastopon TooTuH, THE Discoy-

ERY OF A, AND REMAINS OF

BOREAL VEGETATION ON STATEN

IsLAND, Arthur Hollick........ 679-81

MativersiVVs Vie satel. nacees eee 92

Matthews UD rs mreinsesceeateae 669

Matthew, G. F.; A PAL#ozoic

TERRANE BENEATH THE CAm-

IBRIVAIND ayaa carispae cece steiantiac asteeies 41-56

MatthewaiG. [R. nefee see 47

Matthew, W.D.; NoTEs ON THE

GEOLOGY OF THE LARAMIE

PLAINS AND RATTIESNAKE

MOUNTAINS IN WYOMING......... 675-7

Matthew, W. D.; ref. ......./...: 89, 489

Micckeli fre tinnncansceen cece een 103

Meckel’s cartilage, Os tympanicum

Continuolisiwitheesesceeeisesnsiee 104-6

Miechicar ieucetesdanemsceeeesee scenes ane 687

Nie ek: rely Sh saccmraccsensnnees een eaee 55

Meetings of N. Y. Ac. Sc.; Record 617

LBL att eka le se gee eaicsdah oe ease OS 270

Me lemarume liga s senses en sense eee 160

Melhta sixaforis A. Ag.......... Lil7y e2

Melocrinus ( Ctenocrinus) ......0.000 147

Membership, N. Y. Ac. Sc.......... 63-4

Memoirs. Ne Ye Ate. Se). 2.s.c25 00 64

MENTAL FATIGUE, ON, Dr. E. L

Whorndikes.).5a ote seo eee 671-2

| Miers; ref.......

INDEX.

| MHA ART HOT ssnocen oo bse oneHoL bbe onGonneer 160

MeKIStOMAR ccamonenoniaties nse 150

Merrill, F. J. H.; ORIGIN oF

WHITE AND VARIEGATED CLAYS

OF Lone ISLAND........... 113-6, 623-4

Merril shy enrol peeseeee eee 89

Merriam, Prof. N.; Cor. Mem..... 630

Merritt; En uretis secneaeeeeeee 489

MCSA DERE een ten e eeee 171

METAMORPHOSED DIKES IN THE

MIcA SCHISTS OF MORNINGSIDE

HieGHts, J. F. Kemp.22..-5-. 675-6

METEOR SHOWERS, NOVEMBER,

JK Reese 22k. seeesscosseee 667 8

Meteor showers and comets identi-

Cal ss inde denen anaeake me aenceeee 678

Meteors, Origin, history and recur-

| eaKenGeyors.aee- Stereo ctotcholee aS 677-8

| VLCLOPLOMED nme eee eee eee eee 172

| Metridium ; Puget Sd..............+. 687

Weta SeFI Gena owe te te dsclaecina: teases 688-9

MEXICAN CODEX TELLERIANO-

REMENSIS, NOTES ON THE, Dr.

Wile 165 SEN AUIS pu coacsssadeouaabse 684

| Mica-diorite porphyry; Black Hills,

245, 247, 281, 285

Mica ScHISTS OF MORNINGSIDE

HEIGHTS, METAMORPHOSED

ID TSES INGE) ere Kemipape seer: 675-6

Michies Cole Ra'Sie) rebeeesss eee 678

MUCHCHINIG so. sc oncugeniese teen eee 146

Microline’s Black EMls).--ecccescnees 264

Microdiscus bellicinctus..:.....0..000 55

MMGCHOU GI Rear. Se EEE 186

Microphys bicornutus Latreille...... 531

522, 525-8, 531-3, 545

Milne-Edwards; ref., 526, 527, 529,

530-2, 534, 535, 538, 539, 543, 544

MINERALOGICAL NOTES GATHERED

DUIRNG A COLLECTING TRIP TO

RusstA, GEOLOGICAL AND, E.

OW TIOVEY ss Socse seen ee eer aes 649-53

MINERALOGICAL SPECIMENS, EX-

HIBI IONS OF VARIOUS, G. F.

IGUNZ 5s Sicsmapeceescoceee eee eee eee 667

Mirror for Paris telescope............ 639

Minot. Profs) neta eenssce eee aes * 105

Mitchill, Samuel L.; Inc. Mem... 1-2

Mithraculus hirsutipes Kingsley ... 532

MM. hirsutipes M.—Edw...........- 532

ME harsutipes TACT DStawseesessseeee 532

Mithrax hirsutipes Kingsley......... 532

MM. rostrata M.—Edw.............- 532

MERGE «Son ioe Seas es en eee 172

Mixer: ari 3 mrefie ees eee nee 89

MopeEL, A, TO ILLUSTRATE KIR-

CHOFF’S PRINCIPLE, William

Fiallocky ss. Untescccsecestemtesenc 618, 619

INDEX. 705

MODIFICATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL UV GLUCAN eect EAN Ge ates we eene stein cleans 172

‘ METHOps, B. B. Breese........ OAS || NGI 250S 90 cooocadodaouscn scodenoodoobueS 172-3

NAQEOLEE BESS ec HORROR COO IECR: OBOE LOO USO WV aellosna psusmecmeemsccteeececek ees 523

ML CGEOUGPSOS Soooogb0d80b0866000000 000 53, 160 | Mautilograpsus minutus Linnzeus... 526

AL AHOLP Socea hepOBe BORO OSOOLN OCG DOOE CoE NP NWN OTROS 6 SccasaasenaedcuoscceacosaeHine 179-80

WHOM O GHD resoooeeode esocc 160, 185, 186 | Navajoes allied to Pueblos........... 684

WWoliuscar Berm dare cee seescenieens 681 | NAVAJOES, OBSERVATIONS ON,

JPRS Sic eas saandiacsnoeeccoesubr ces 688 PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL,

MIGROTUCTAUD sooeasoocscnsceoocn. ceeded TSOs aD ta Avhirdilickaleecesereeeeeenes 684

MHOPOYINETUB 3 so0enc00sdessooquoondeasodse LZ 2W Mecer areas auiateacaine aa aeennaadsas seaeeeenes 161

MUO ODU AC sss Seca Os BOSE HE HO EHEC EEE PANELING iden oe OB AHEM MAR GOR BOGSeOoUOE AE 523

Mionnoes Caberelteennnsteacetererere 89 | Nebalia longi~es \Nillemoes Suhm,, 544

MOB COLGED Hoss. 000600 g8doK oot bDb0bONe TA SRA C27 LCOS e ee ear eeeratac menue vunsa acer 161

IMI@yoRey, TELS let ike cocosadodsesaeduoe kets} | AV ATAU Aticccoos sccdacscpoaonanodaase6oese 161

MIoxorRS,, If. JB58) TEI coasccospocoudoacsone. S01 Mem odor ayaesenanr tee ener eee 161

Moraine, terminal, Northern branch Neotoma, Nest building habits of.... 646

Obs Isliizaloetial GIS’ soocccocopaobecnde (LOH |} INS PlaVEliTbaXS,s5< coopaaonoacacasacooosocndeces 267

NGS REET 6 mea cnnsnacae deacencanaeecen Cees 172 | Neprite ; Jordansmiihl, Ger.......... 670-1

MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF IME PRTOGUE: j ocdoecasoG00008800000 606060 173

THE VERTEBRATE ILIOCOLIC | AVG BEAT ODS CHBRGIS scoceceooe0cesenb00000 524

JuncTion, G. S. Huntington, | Neptunus anceps De Saussure...... 530

622, 623 | LV. depressifrons Stimpson...... 531

Morrisania; Colored clays....... 113, 114 | IM (USCIS sccoobeec conoos0adAanoGS 530

Mortimer, Dr. W. G.; Res. Mem.. 685 | IN: StasVE: (GROSS, soocos0a0sccs00000 530

Mosasaurs, LIZARDS AND SPHE- | UNI SPULUILOTLUS See nee senses 524

NODON, ON THE RELATION OF LV. spinimanus Latreille........ 530

THE CENTRA AND INTERCENTRA Nest-building habits of eotoma..... 646

IN THE CERVICAL VERTEBRA

Olah. Osborne cre wen:

Moult, Relation of, to plumage.....640-1 |

MOoULTS AND PLUMAGES OF THE

PASSERINE Brirps or N, Y.

SPARE i Dwiehty ite sessscsncc 640-1

MOVEMENT AND CONSCIOUSNESS,

IDSs (Sp dele |evelel cccccacososesooace. 671-3

MovEMENT, THE ACCURACY OF,

R. S.Woodworth ................. 629

MuLE-FootrepD Hoc or TExas.

UPON THE STRUCTURE OF THE

FEET OF, H. F. Osborn..........658-9

NLHOTIIO Goose na ospo RO ORE SD EEG DoS EE 160

Miter iOS Breenetie senor 126-9, 134

Munsterburg, Prof. H.; THE

PsYCHICAL AND PHYSICAL

WORD ea a astetcscrecnecsecsnaner 673 |

WIT ALISODID ssocacos vosodebebob05600000 172

NABER Tei ie ran Cetra ciiaeabioriaed watinen as aise 172

Muscie FATIGUE, THE CAUSE AND

SIGNIFICANCE OF, F. S. Lee..... 626

HUET UO Renesas reo OCH EOE EDCOEE DEOL 160

HAMAS ds sonoq0 bbsagcecoocoddedous50080 686

AL DISTOR Bunnies don scoacuasocuosoasqoaeb bnoee 160

Myths; Origin and transmission-... 642

MUM GHAR socoodooob6d0ado0e0eK I6I, 185, 186

NACH OCT TEND. 9 o56900500000100008000000000 16]

ETEOIIS SA io ca BARGE OGEnE Tota OSAOR OE SuGGOe 161

Nahant (Mass.), Fossils found at.. 55

INaShies Gaara tee ence seectioceace 89, 489

/Nevada Gulch (Black Hills);

Quartz-porphyry, Rhyolite........278-9

LNCUCHILON TE tate ati ae cote naan nanen nee 173

| NIGGA S eI odobonducdaososeosoaces 686

Newberry Research Fund; F. B.

| SULIT? IRSCH ONES. spocadonodacosdedeod 647

| New Brunswick ; Palzeozoic fauna.. 41-5

Sections of terrane............... 41

| Newfoundland ; Paleozoic fauna....45-52

Sectionsvoftemanes a peeeeeee- 45

New Jersey Geological Survey; ref. 489

NEw ScHoLaR; His AIMS AND

PROBLEMS, G. R. Lanham,

| 642, 655-6

| New York Academy of Sciences ;

Charter, Order of Court, Consti-

TULL OMEN ELC Hear e ue IN eel anu aria I-40

Council eee sen daeace 9

Cowsncnlllores 7 sosncsassdodsososoobe 66, 486

Former Presidents.............. 63, 483

Library.............64-5, 484-5, 636-7

| Mectingsssacaesescese 65, 485, 617

Membershipsaceesesceen: 63-4, 483-4

Oihicers eee re eeeee S89, 66, 486

Organization: peeasss-cerescsact 63, 483

Rublicationsyeseeceenceceee cece 4, 484

SECHONS Mesanescosenemree come 65, 485

Seventh Annual Reception..479-519

Sixth Annual Reception..57-89, 654

New York Botanical Garden; ref... 489

New York University ; Expedition

for Bermuda Crustacea ........... 521-48

706

Newland, D. H.; ref........

Newton ; ref.,

198, 202, 203 238, 240, 241, 244

279, 274, 275

Newton, Henry; ref................ 141

Newton, Prof. H. A.; ref.......... 678

INicholsiels Ei !retpessneeceenenone: 489

WNViicke eine MeteOrsmescnscnceceeeectc res 677

NUE ae whcicnscaceeceeeneeeteeen tame ee 523

INGER ANOCTINUGEMS DS matarcesilce cece selset-e 524

LV. bermudensis n. sp.,

536-8, 544, 658

DV edU1S WRASSOVsaceeeeseee sates 537-8

NV. hawaiensis Dana..........5+. 538

LV, japonica De Haan............ 538

XV. macrognatha Stimpson...... 538

IMTOO p cpcodbeqouseuadeceda 524, 538

LV. procesa Spence Bate......... 538

INGRIDG ech dos Ceeen steele meh 536

Nile, Lower; Senff Expedition ..... 647

Nine Year Catalogue of stars........ 348

INisslerss@askrehis ties occm cation sees 489

WNoctilucas Meus ets S de cenneasertntite: 687

North Attleborough, Mass. ; Cam-

brianwtaunayerepeesseeeeerereeeteeree 55

North River; Material on bot om... 114

INoseans UBlacksilllste 2 ses case cece 268

NOTE ON A FELDSPAR FROM THE

CALUMET COPPER MINE, KEw-

EENAW PoInT, MicuH., A. A.

liom easescaeceeauge sevens one 649-53

UAL CLEOS DUT sanseet si nccete sewetn cence eee 150

DNUCUIG Moi Sous sence gcesonsene oma 161, 185

IN UCULEIEC nas toeadinec see ese ec ere 161

TE HUGH COA sont Has Co OB DEG COO OGEDOEEOSE 161

IN UCUL Less aera veh ecaaeneune geese 162, 185

UNAICILAY Barer Bop Lanne mnece eco GnOcG ado 162, 185

OUT SS ea cis Ae BAT ON msc 687

OBES CUS Se eIR es Me weise eee oe 173

OBJECTIVE METHOD OF STUDYING

EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION, E. A.

Gerrard arasccseuceen et oeauese 654

ODOLEH GRAS, see en eee ee 53, 150 |

ODOMUS sei Fececatoet cok cseeeeneseee 41, 53, 150

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GERM LAyY-

ERS OF TELEOST FISHES, F. B.

SUMNER eyes eee eeeee 626, 639, 640

OCCURRENCE OF IDOCRASE AT

SEVEN DEVILS, MONTANA, J. F.

Kem pe kivenctahassacccseetosdesece 667

Ocypoda lateralis Freminville....... 525

Ocypoda arenaria Gatesby.........+ 525

OCP POLE Bison sd uancaelsonoreeeeeere 525 |

ODCRLOTUSUS eee sooo eee 173 |

Oerstediiretin eres hee 126, 134 |

Officers, N. Y. Ac. Sci...... 8, 9, 66, 486 |

OLY C1 cci a de soatncack sacecewonewonettee 183

Oils; Wyoming; Composition and

OTT.

INDEX,

Old Persian (Avestan syntax); In-

dex locaruntiadsustess 2 eeceeo ieee 588

Olenellus (sens. strict.); Not found

on) Atlantic/coastacuasecueseseoseces 55

Olenellus Gilberti Meek .......00c000. 55

ONTadingst WWaleycenasnaser set 55

O. Lapworthi Peach............ 57

Olenellus Thompsoni Hall............ 55

O. reticulatus Peach............ 55

Olen eller ies eee ean to ee 47

OVEAUSICALACLES pee 47

OO rh casale seaceoueoane tee tensa 173

Olivierssreheaesssseasntessceneuateee 543-8

OE AH BU eiocooceoca0r600 SaC00000 850560060 146

ON THE ABSORPTION AND REFLEC-

TION OF SOUND WAVES BY

Porous MATERIALS, F. L.Tufts

618-20

ONCOCET EAS 5 ct Jai wcdoestectecas haved 180

@not:sProfismiretissssste eee eee 671

Opal, Precious. ys ose cseaceee ences 667

OpAL OR HYALITE DISTRIBUTION

On AWVAN Julienterenresseccneee 667-70

Opaline silicia, Office of.............. 670

Ophiactes Miille7e tke iene seseeeen 130

Ophtletajavceiuaseaaaat sss near 173

Ophiocoma crassispind Say.......++++ 118

ONechimata Wamliyeissccser: 118-31

ON pumiil ip Meters cease 118-31

Ophiomyxa flaccida Say..........0+++ 131

Ophionerers reticulata Say.......:.++ 131

Ophiostigma tsacantha Say.......060s 131

Ophiura appressa Say....c..cscecee 118-3

|\Opltrid se once to cose secant aenane 118

Ophiuroidea of Bermuda,

130, 131, 135, 640

OpossUM, DEVELOPMENT OF THE

OssICULA AUDITA IN, Richard

Wiel... .ssceceecnnosnuoeseaasesaoene

Optics, MODERN, INFLUENCE OF

THE NEw JENA GLASS ON, J. R.

103-7

ETOISE: .seicciie see vosmeceaee oe 626

@xbit off meteorsiesceeseooseeee eee 678

Order of Court for name ‘‘N. Y.

ANC, SC? 2ticags actgscanescsceesecnseenee 3-5

ORD WAVetrelseoeancmcteeeeeee cece 529

Ore bodies (Black Hills)......... 294-315

Organization, N. Y. Ac. Sc...:.... 63, 483

ORIGIN OF THE WHITE AND VA-

RIEGATED CLAYS OF THE NORTH

SHORE OF LONG ISLAND, F. J.

| PH Merrill oneeesecese: 113-6, 623-4

| OFERIS 0: earcemoam ace eee ee ee eae es I50-I

OPEROCER AS ou ee eee ee a 180

Orthoclase; Black Hills.............. 262

OPER ODES ove sescido tore keaeeeeee 162

OFTMOM OLA oo eeesonen sous eon eee 162, 185

Orthoptera in Mammoth Cave....... 646

OFtROTRCCO. coe evevciisaweneeeeeeoer eee 53

INDEX. 707.

Ortman ; ref,

522, 526, 528-33, 539, 540, 544

Osborn, H. F.; EXPLORATION BY

THE AMERICAN MUSEUM PARTY

IN THE Coma BeEps OF SOUTH-

HARING WWAVONUIN Gracie istecenenciccceeece 665-6

Osborn, H. F.; ON THE RELATION

OF THE CENTRA AND INTERCEN-

TRA IN THE CERVICAL VERTE-

BR OP LIZARDS, MOSASAURUS

ANDER OPEUENODONEGcerecesccneceosecs

Osborn, H. F.; REcENT Discov-

ERIES AMONG THE DINOSAURG....

Osborn, H. F.; MAMMALIAN SuCc-

CESSION IN AMERICA AS COoM-

PARED WITH THAT IN EUROPE

TN GE RSLTAR Vase asehes sme ecsnas

Osborn, H. F.; UPON A COMPLETE

SKELETON OF TYLOSAURUS Dys-

PELOR, INCLUDING THE CARTI-

LAGINOUS STERNUM..........0.0+. 658-60

Osborn, H. F.; UPON THE STRUC-

TURE OF THE FEET OF THE

Mu.Le-FootTep Hoc oF TExas...

Osborn, H. F.; VISIT To THE

658-9

Como BLUFFS SE MION bis 667, 669-70

Osborn Heskee met sees ee 89, 107, 489

OssicuLA AUDITA IN THE Opos-

SUM, DEVELOPMENT OF, R.

EN IGT cas nantan sas GasOn tea aT ASaaeeTee 103-7

Ostergenisnel een sece aceite eccee 129

@stracods re wana Meee ase ta ied 53

OSTA C CGN ear a ainaraa ere eosre aes teicets 162

Ostwald, Prof. Wm.; Cor. Mem... 630

Os tympanicum continuous with

Mieckelys; cantilagennacmssercccesses 104

Ovaries; Cynthia deani n, sp ...... 593

Rachy cardiumaramenrsce ces secretes 162

Pachygrapsus gracilis Saussure...... 526

UPALG CSU CE SUSP Mae eeien coat clas 532

P. tramsversus Gibbes .......... 526

LOMO NITED concines 050000000000 4000008 146

Paddles in 7ylosaurus Dyspelor..... 660

Rog sonwNeykescucete reeset 349

Ee USUTLAIER lain nenvetinie acces ononon tects 533-5

Pagurus sulcatus M.-Edw............ 534

IP trUCOlOG Gilby DESH nesancrerecces 535

J AOERTIEL TAD rep focedaGnubcodeesoobOsOnEOODO 173

WEAN EUCHIC Gene eee nee 41, 52, 53

Palemon affinis M.-Edw.......... Bee) se ayere)

PN carivacius, Olivienmasaneesnn. 543

P. natator M.-Edw...........+. 538

IZ DINER AS Se dcbonooobeEbagoRndeoe 539

Palemonella tenuipes Dana.......... 538

JPOULQUPORUD sooa088 odoodeodos55eKcoD ek 145

Palconetlonmuauncccuccsnecsee 162, 185

Palzeontological Research in Scho-

Ineybes Wel ooeduedocsoonocodc0004n000 669

PALAZONTOLOGICAL WoRK OF R.

P. WHITFIELD, List OF FossILs,

TyYPEs, etc., R. P. Whitfield.139-86

Paleontology, Vertebrate, Professor

O. C, Marsh’s work in......... ... 645

Palzeozoic limestone of N. Y. and

Westchester Cosiiiiis.dosveccseeses 114

JOGO ILE: 6 oo0006006060000000600006 183

J RUAN Ssopocgoesdsobece5o00e ean 145

Palzeozoic limestone once on site of

Ibfoyover lielh SVG; sans noaoodososudossouneoc 115

PALAZOZOIC TERRANE BENEATH

THE CAMBRIAN, G. F. Mat-

the wi su ieaksseacacsccsenednnesieaccmat 41-56

EDL ATG SERA ar on arene Cites 185

PAR UPIA eile Seen eae nea a 536

Palinurus americanus Lamk... 536

EP eapeuspicatrelllemerceceeeeees 536

Polencneile UPPED ssocadeonea0080560 524

Pandalus tenwipes ...... Hey wciteeeeeise 544

POM OPC sic raat enaaneee occ eee Ree 162

Panopeus bermudensis Benedict and”

Rathbun ss ecneenrenen 528

AAA AUN ODE ESS ACR URE DSR AHOBOR MERC 524

P. herbstii M.-Edw ......... 527, 528

P. herbstit var. serrata Saus- |

SUME}-wiesisckis coweecunecestemaetis 528

IP aiduss Smaithipen ene en rener 528

Pans, Catalogue de 1’ Observatoire

devs me nal kia mueeae 347, 348, 361

Parabolina ; Smith Sah ee ae 47

JOB SIGUOIS 06066 09050000000 000000008 160, 162

Paradoxides ; N. Brunswick,

: 41, 42, 47, 23

Raradoxidianyzomestasseeneeseeeneecces

Paranebalia lomgipes ...rccececsevecers Sy

Paranebalia longipes Sars.........00 544

Zongipes Willemoes Suhm...... 544

PAV AWOMIG mem ianacceersaeenc cn secsenos 162

JAR OPI LOUIS Soob009000000 00050000000080 162

Barker inet. ance yen nen tonne 105

Parkers in @. sur ef tie sac aaeaae aaa 89

PASSERINE BIRDS or N.Y. STATE,

SEQUENCES OF MOULTS AND

PLUMAGES IN, J. Dwight, Jr.....640-1

Ie eNiRoValsy, INE SMa ANC. WSC coogoononesooue 25-6

Bauldines Nese lnicsyMienaynreeeseer 2

Paulmiersihy @s-eretiemaseeenseeeeere 89

Peach ?soneninsy nc: pean atone cere 55-6

Peat bogs, Present, exceed carbon-

IfELOUSUS WAM PSeeeee merece ce 675

iReclchanaiWew Gs relic useeceneeemaeen 89

PROCLEN Se ec auauactinne eaianeoincemaceie Teles 163

rellew,, Caps sane tsp ameneeeeseceeeee 489

PCW RUA ER) acderacloioeieclelseoestottsiee saceeee 543

Peneus constrictus Stimpson......... 544

IE SMTOOU 86 dopc0bq00080d00 160050 524.

Ps veletipe tis) DANA sweet eeeilels 544

PCRLACHINUS i tacniceenneen ke aeeeeee ee 147

708 INDEX.

ROMLOMLEN Semen pris #5 siscisse seueoseicser 151) Pinus rigida ; Cape Cod........,... 662

PENEr CULT ES Resa ha dje sista set eeesaneo tas 147 | Pirrson, L. V.; ref..244, 263, 272, 275

TRERUCEL OD) COWMLULA Nesta oadeyceeig recesses 531 | Pisa bicornuta Latrielle............-.. 531

Peripharyngeal Band; Cynthia mac- P trispimosa catrielles. een aces: 531

GOSUPLOMUS IN, SPhteeeracee seein: BO: | ASIII a8 va deris cocscineeensaae sane sakes 173

PRELUPLOMUES: sa a.gcnewaseies) Clestie ates lisciets OAS EUAN AT AUO crpscopnoeaccodsecosoIbaneaace 106

ACHEPLOMUY Bij. weoiteina sericaeinaeemeeeeeats 163 | Placersiy Black Hallsisc..escseeseees 311-15

REP USOMOLG s0s\e sscjasisielyeseiaesice asses NOB) LVACOMCHIES a mace aeaaiaee asec e aes 686

SRB B ER TID OO OL CEBOS EG OSUSeCODC OTOL 103 | Plante ; Whitfield’s list.............. 145

REF USS OLED Fa Her ncieanelaneeiseeeerscise sees 173 | Plastic and lignitic clay; Elizabeth

Persian, Old ; Avestan syntax ; In- lc ee a eRe mE Bae eeBeoncadnanadc toss 662

dex. Jocanumiy recs aatececees sete 588 | Plasticity of clays, Cause of......... 663

PERUVIANS, ASTRONOMICAL Cos- ¢ latocarpus, Intercentra of axis and

MOGONY OF THE, Stanbury atlasuinic: cos .daceueaaeceies anemseseeoee 679

EVAR Ar) oc atelance sic eseceusacceees ORV SIS WW GiMAd WSs pocnnoddoootooseaboIe 53, 173, 174

Pes of ‘‘mule-footed’’ hog of EMCO CELUNUSH nei ees ce teteeeece cette 147

MONASH aanscseuen ww cumaeetensssii odes O56) AUER CHAS occoooqeunccocsace coonsecOC 53

RSters siete ae- eee eee 104, 345, 35? J UE AGHOND, sonocc boone rece 800880, 00006000 163

arpiola zie leiolsys ecb =the uaa stoeiel cece elaine OE EU OHOT UC soseocnocobacanococanosocccbec 17/2}

Petrography of eruptive rocks ; TELE UH OLOTLOM UC ae Sane entel dees eee ae 173-4

BlackmeEnillsts. Sean neers nece DAA OA PLCUTOLL CII. emeeccececene nes eetee eee eee 174

PRELOP ORO eae eee ener eee WAS | PLC atlas se Gadencenn toe oecieseccee near 163

PEPUACOD Siena eal ft Un atne aoe ae eR 183 | Plumage, Relation of Moult to..640, 641

Phallusia koreano Traustedt......... (OMNIA DSS coacbboacbanonoaK0Dd Jo0Ge2660 183

Philological Ass’n of America; ref 644 | Podochela ritsed Stimpson............ 531

LE ROVA CEU AT eee sae enee eee ert eae DS 5) | LKOO OL NCHtUni esecade neste emcee eee 622

WE NOLATU UY Gi eta Susteren 163 | Political life of Peruvians controlled

PROG RM santo ete nc mee Ee nRee eRe TOR) |) byrastronomiyecessenecteeeee ence ies 655

Phonolite family ; Black Hills, Polycarpa finmarkensis Wiaer....... 603

DHS DAO 27715 |e OLYPLENLODStSmeeeet sen teeesaaese cee tate 174

Phosphorescent substances at liquid Polypterus, Search in Egypt for,

aiimitemMperatuneeneaerereeceeneeereree 656-8; > Prof. aE, BS Wilsonmsas.seeeensreeee 666

Phosphoric acid replaced by vanadic ROO) e; ACs ire fens meceececateenseer eee 89

INV OPALILESA .- tease taees-mencremee eee 628 | Pond; Stam cataloguesysss-seste sees 345-6

Photographic plate, Effect of uran- ; j}Porambomites):515.20).05.eeeee 151

ium or becquerel rays on........... 627) | PEOKCCUILON aonaaccuenietaeone eee eee 174

PHOTOGRAPHS OF MINERALS, etc., | Purcellana armata Gibbes.......... 533

Wa Ge eevisonas eset. 660) 1662=3)|\'Ronceliarid en re ere eae 533

Photographs to study meteors ....... 678 | Porphyry, Mica-diorite; Black

Photography, Use of, to determine | pELITS Ws... Aes ficeeioceee eee ree ate eaee 281-4

vibration of a string..............++ 664-5 Porphyry, Quartz; Black Hills...275-81

TAU RUG TORAADS. coponiceGboon0 dss008005 Er 180, Porphyry, Quartz-egirite; Black

PPREMONEDN cedeee Sinaee Sasa Eee 185 ANS: de suate leseemncen tees 248-57

Phyllocanid \.c.s2cef be. wtsteea aoe 53 Portland type rhyolite, quartz-por-

Tap MOcartd ama eee eae ee GAA) ephyry.a: sa xccancsnessdceeeetecese meee 276-7

PHYLOGENY, THE MyTHOLOGY WOK LUMEE Lica cosa cs seicetnosaedenatee 529

AND, OF THE VERTEBRATE ILIO- Portunus seb@ M.-Edw ........00..20. 531

COLIC JUNCTION, G. S. Hunt- L. spinimanus Latreille........ 530

TINTON ie sc awaneniaeeenecepmaac ee 622, 623) POSITIONS AND PROPER MOTIONS

PHYSICAL WORLD, THE PSYCHICAL | OF THE PRINCIPAL STARS IN THE

AND, Prof. Hugo Munsterberg 673 CLUSTER OF COMA BERENICES,

Piazzi\; stay cataloguess.cs-cceoesee 344 Win Ge Kiretz s3ceeeces 341-78, 647-8

Picea Canadenszs, Nill... .k.c0s--ese 680. |) Post;iC. Ac ref. sssceseen eeeeeeeee 678

Pickering, sHJC.5 rely. ccs. <ccceeeee 89 Post-cretaceous age (Black Hills);

Pierce, James; Inc. Mem............ I-3 Bruptive roCksie: --ccesaaeceeene ence 244-88

POLES co sc cersaeorane aes eee 2) | Pata niedesy eri oer cacdeceeeeenesseeeeen 174

Pierson erelg nu cosnseoemeeeeeee PXSYON | IATA LOUAY cauone coe aen sone beeceocucce 147-8

Pig, incus in, To discover ........ 104, 106 Boulkova; Star catalogue.......... 347

PUI hae edt a) Ok 163) SBourtssirelie ct sccccassantcesces 122-3, 134

INDEX.

Pre-Cambrian age; Black Hills.....288-9

Pre-Cambrian granite ; New Haven 115

Prehistoric man; Remains on

State nell anit ais caine ene 680

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAYS,

Je bn JSUIGEY casenaa aacca sue aco sone None bee 661-3

Prepalzeozoic systems in N. Bruns-

NWHUC SU GAGE ioe pean Ean aeuate 42

Presidents, Former, N. Y. Ac. Sc. 63

Princeton College; First Scientific

18> FO SGUITIOND, A ngocoadn coAbodeROBBeBEBONe 669

IE UO COG NCIS, Sooo osdocnooseep soo scbOBOOOe 180

VEL OCHINGLES te Mere n i meae se raeesees 622

Processa canaliculata Leach......... 537

SE ODUCLIUS Se SAR ECHR See atic se I5t

TAHOE LOLS aime Nara R MMe Be sh ecetclstata at Finesse 183

Prostoma not the blastopore in Tel-

EOS FES Sue anon ee eeteniccisisiasise 640

Protasis and apodosis, Avestan,

compared with Sanscrit and

Greece nt Me aoa ae Be 643

JP RUROLGIT Bio soo cocacchabceddanods0Go sO 50C 163

JORORDEU CMU scoss00bQ0080287 HR GHRECOSEC 155

CE OLOULO DS Hen ereh hepa ec araes siis oi ieind= 622

Rrotolemianwaunarssseses.es sec sees 55

TAS NERY het Shes NSB rose Oe MERITS 48, 52

Protolenus ; New Brunswick,

41, 42, 49, 51, 55

LPORDEOBOUIUT Bos s 00005000 s0n06G005000000 080 47

Protopeltura acanthura Brégger.... 47

LE SHOHTMOSE SEN Ol cose soabeeboe 47

UZ OCOZO CRE ER Re a sions 41

Protozoa ; \Whitfield’s list............ 145

IRLOLOZOAM Sytner neice seater ee reer 53

LETROEN UO EIIS a ech caeooocuscenbonad ooeCHnCee 622

Prudden, Prof. T. M.; Res Mem... 631

WEES CUUPUPILOCHUPLULC San REE ee oe Ree 53

JE SOTETODUUD 826s SBR GUOS SBE EBER BE a RGOEE 163

LESCU COLLIS setae Ree Nec eset nace ies eye

JEM OT ROLIOHUS socs30805000000090000020000 163

Pseudosquilla ciliata Niers.,.......... 545

leyClaneell IKONS, oqdodoncosegoudbucebo- 673

PSYCHICAL AND PHysICAL WORLD,

Prof. Hugo Munsterberg....... 673

PsyCHOLOGICAL MeTuHops, A Mop-

IFICATION OF, B. B. Breese..... 625

J ECL AIEI GREE aE RBEE aR COSC COR TOC 164

ELCVULED ois Naseer on oaes 164

PG CLASP US: eek eters meres teen sean ea 183

LER NODA OB sto ugcpoabdoo0Kdobaedu00 400000 180

LARWGLCQU ET Olle nsasoceecntdas 0960050588000 164

JER AGM BMT Moosscecva 669/.000000600000 146

PUY LOMUCL YG) Siaeann ase eet ece cease 148

Publications, N. Y. Ac. Sc....13, 64, 484

PUEBLO BONILO, WoRK AT, R. E.

Dod Seis tensecsesscoseconee: 667, 678

Pueblo ruins, Antiquity of............ 670

Pueblos, Navajoes allied to.......... 684

709

PUGET SOUND COLLECTIONS OF

1896, SOME ASCIDIANS FROM,

VV SE pReitte iene cereecersisiascsteces 589-616

Pumpelly, R. ;

Pupin, M.1.; Lonc ELECTRICAL

WAVES, WITH EXPERIMENTAL

DEMONSTRATIONS ......-.:0c+0c00-+ 674

Pupin, M. I.and S.G. F. Town-

send ; MAGNETIZATION OF IRON

WITH ALTERNATING CURRENTS,

PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT.........-. 656-7

Pu pin yl Viewle sre tte erase eee 489

PYSYUSUS Geter ie Nase RECENT eS. 174

PA AL GSathapadececcudoonsdcacasdennschogd 174

PY TOKEN ES re a BA EEO ONE 265-7

PY GUD Sai eee AMOR ET Se 174

Quartz-zgirite-porphyry ...245-6, 248-57

Quartz-porphyry...... 245, 2460-7, 275-81

Quartzite, Pre-Cambrian, in Adiron-

dacks

| Quetelet, E.; Catalogue of stars...347-8

Radcliffe yearly results; Star Cata-

LOGUE MN: taiat aa Retaueeaecr 349, 360

IRCA GRO AR Kari HOCH OBESE SO BOC 164, 689

| Ragged Top (Black Hills), lacco-

TICS ee rem ea eR ean aacocancrice sen manta,

Rails, R. R., break with drop

rather than rise of temperature... 639

PONZO os aiese teeciec cone aae ee 164

Ranikiny rete ec Bpeoro ven aoe 539, 548

Rankin, W. R.; NOTES ON THE

CRUSTACEA OF BERMUDA, COL-

LECTED BY N. Y. UNIVERSITY

EXPEDITION OF 1897 AND 1898.658-9

Rankin, W.R ; THE CRUSTACEA

OF THE BERMUDA ISLANDS.....521-48

IM INIT EB ecsdesecobedcn 16G0R08080N0200 175

Rat in Mammoth Cave not blind... 646

Rathi bumy-sire tyes sesecaaeee ects 528, 529

Reathkerenelieescnnacaeactbesteceacrr 103

Rayleigh, Lord; Hon. Mem...... 630

TE CEPLECUIILE ee eee eee esse ees 145

Reception and Exhibition, Sixth

Annual, of N. Y. Ac. Sc...57-89, 654

Reception and Exhibition, Seventh

Anmuall sot eNeeVis ACH SCieaee 479-519

RECONNOISSANCE OF THE ELIZA-

BETH ISLANDS, MAss., Arthur

Sioa 4 INGpplonds Ol ndqnoaasoncosdosooncas 631

Rees, Professor J. K.; NOovEM-

BER METEOR SHOWERG......--.--. 677-8

Rees, Professor J. K.; THE

GREAT HORIZONTAL TELESCOPE

FOR THE PARIS EXPOSITION,

710 INDEX.

Rees, Professor J. K.; Rutherford ; ref............. 343, 398, 648

a Fes 4809, O78 IG elloyersea Jee YEAR Ue! ee podoeongapooccadde 489

TEAS) VSGHS 1k Uppepcoooonoonansd00000002 103

RELATION OF THE CENTRA AND SACCOCTINUS asacesecisten cise cterenent ron sette 147

INTRACENTRA IN THE CERVICAL Sacred Number Concepts, Origin

VERTEBRA OF LIZARDS, Mosa- and Persistent Influence of, F. C.

SAURS AND SPHENODON, H. F. SPEH Cr eenacanee suena lonceetee areas 629

Osborne cen tarscennetsser 679) Satlord); refs. ace. eee ee deaceeeene 353

Remipes cubensis Saussure......-- ++ 533 | Safford; Star catalogue....348, 350, 362

Religious life of Peruvians controlled St. John ; New Brunswick ; Fauna,

by AStrOnOMy, 6... s- ese .eseeereeennel 655 43-4, 55

Report, Annual, of Librarian, N. St. Johns; Newfoundland; Fauna 50

IV ACS Crs aaasasansacesten electisisitaeines 634 Sakuntala ; Unity of Time 6

Report, Annual, of Recording Sec- Sag Teaieans (eecleaiiay scien ¢

retary, IN. VY. ACs SCoccccreeremenss 632) py: Livingston Farrand 671-2

Report, Annual, of Treasurer, N. Salt.; rape 47

NEVA: Se settee eeeneeee sees sees enarees 634 Sand Dollars (See Echinoidea).

Reproduction, Peculiar, of the Ga- Cpe 1a

MeCtOpluyitetcermenaateesetencacecetses 688-9 Cie ith Mie ee ade

Reproductive ane Cynthia su- Sanscrit and Greek , Avestan pro-

PE, WUD? oc donocodagRe DoGOubGSOAdUDOSOOBOD0 592 tasis and apodosis compared with 643

Rape Staite Bsc ra Unie me 8

Repsold measuring machine ......... 648 Pt as SAE een ang coer deg oa

Respighi; Star catalogue........... 348 | Savigny, M ; ref... nee ego

RELEPOLK Oar aceieveioseepeceecseeeene cee 148 | Saville, Dr M. H; Notes on

IRATE Soa bopobosooboneGnpacoo nS KOCONBaD SES 151i THE MEXICAN CODEX TELLERI-

Rveuterselusa ble pmehesdsesseenaesee cece 89 ANO=IREMENSIS@y ae eceeeeeoeeeneaee 684

TURUOP ONG eetocoucemaceancanena wes: 148 | Saville, M. H.; ZAPOTECAN AN-

Rit GHOWella sienene cee sesescisncoscesc E500) PIQUITIES)2. she ccereceee aero 642

RAYNOCANINUS 6. aces carenenercneceeees P75 Saville; Min kdss nen.sescn sees 89

Rhyolite family............... PY polyps fsa & | SPR ATAU es copa Asko oo NbU Go cuSer SoS ec: 164

TRECCU AIOE a RO SES Eee eae 689 | Say; ref...118, 130, 131, 526, 528, 540

Richards, El Mus ref. .css-meqseeeese 89 | Scevog: IVI vevvvecereeveeseceeeeseeecens 175

Richardson Conta mea ater menace 89 SCOLELID Oia caweeneneane nea a ee eeeereee 175

Ries, Henrich; PRELIMINARY SCONLOULE CAS amaeaeea odes Sede eeneees 164

NOTES ON THE PHYSICAL PROP- SARL TB 3s Tae CCHOOOSCOTONROOOOSS 689

ER IESRO RN GIA. Gae ee nee 661, 663 | Scapharca.. Bae Votercieupeieiscinirele ciel cieieres meets 164

Ries, Heinrich; ref................ 89, 489 Scaphiocelia ganbaon chondosodeoonnaasaK0= I5!

Rig- Vein (Avestan syntax), Index SCAPRUOCTINUS sroeeeeeeeseveeeeeceeeeees 148

TAPE Ta iar enn en eee 588 | SCAPHIS .eeeeeeeeeeereeeeneteetetteeeny 180-1

Risso sicher se eee ee. 537 ISCEMELIA. «Woah aeectoccscceecereccnon eateries 52,53

Ritter, wAuenebecc cise el naceeae teen 647 Schaeffer, F.C. ; Inc. Mem....... aon Eee

Ritter, Wm. E.; SoME ASCIDIANS Scheiner's «Der Photographie

FROM PUGET SOUND COLLECTION der Gestirne 12 See ceechcoreee 401

OF L806. ao esucseaaesense eee 589-616 Schist, Manhattan, on shores. of

Ritter, Wn. E.; ref., Long Tee oa coe Sonate siseae Ii4

590, 608, 609, 612, 614, 616 Schizocranta ish cletins siewescoe seemed eeeties I5I

mobineon ttaricealonicee eae 346 | Schizodesma w.r..eeeevevveersrseereeeees 160

Rogers ; Star catalogue......-sese<+-- 348 | micaniea! aares ee 3 eee: 164, 186

Rosenbusch; PElasececeees 258, 259, 265 Sok Seere Mas ee Whee 403; pe

ROStCEULHEG.) neces sicccievceeeas a iceeeenees 175 Se OSSEhs a eet or. Mem..... 630

ROSLELIELES ewan ence eee ene nece ee ieee 175 | CHOLAR, THE NEw; His Aims

Ruby Basin (Black Hills); Cam- PAD Aree aut oR ee

brian siliceous OreS............05 297-301 Schiipphade aCe aee Faas a2; 255

Rumker; Star catalogue............ 346 | Scientific Alliance; Gift to N. Y.

Rusby, H. H.; ref.......ssseeeeeseeees 489 | Ke, Sc..b.10 see ee 634

Russel, Prof. I. C ;..226, 238, 240, 24% Scylavid@....ccecescsececessssensnneerees 535

INDEX. 711

Scyllarus equinoctials Lund...... Bp SIS) SYZOHZEET, 6 sa ccondoguoooOoOOBeMBMeneE rece Ee 146

S. sculptus M-Edw............++ 535 | Smoky Hill cretaceous beds (Kan-

Scyphomeduse ; Puget Sd............. 687| sas); Mosasaur found............... 659

Sea-Cucumbers (See Holothurio SOLAR RADIATION, Cope White-

LLCO VR Cae sich sdarcisieaisa ssc ealsiarasctinetta DOUS Crrare meena neeeaas s ose vs 647

Sea Urchins (See chino idec)..... OT BIE 0 cece ba de tootbopcadnsacedecqoReeee 164

Seal, Remains of prehistoric ; Man- SoME ASCIDIANS FROM PUGET

Ivevetamiplicl ye ian cussccci scsi: seas ass 681 SOUND COLLECTION OF 18096,

SES" (Diss )) JEN Y Goashasonscocssassaned: 647, | WV ten Ee ECIete Reema eeeae 589-616

SEARCH IN EGypT FoR POLyp- SOME FEATURES OF THE DRIFT ON

TERUS, Prof E. B. Wilson..... 666} STATEN IsLAND, N. Y., Arthur

SECTION AT SCHOHARIE, ON THE, Hollick scene eee imaera aie QI-102

els SECVENSOMY occ iccue ssc: 667-9 | Souls, Esquimo belief in transmis-

SAECTOA GICs sonntioobsnsavesQnocOd Bonne 164. |. Siom ORs inee: reeecemenen eee 684

Sempeniirefeee sac IIg, 120, 133| SOUND WaveEs, ON ABSORPTION

Semperia bermudensts Heilp......123, 124 AND REFLECTION OF, BY POROUS

SENFF EXPEDITION, SECOND, TO MATERIALS, F. L. Tufts 618, 620

NILE, Bashford Dean............ 666 | Spencer, F. C.; ORIGIN AND PER-

SENFF ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITION, SISTENT INFLUENCE OF SACRED

N. R. Harrington............ 645, 047 NUMBER CONCEPTS...........000-0 629

SGHOGP LIB soosdecosoodscosaoooeUOtyaeaeer LO4 Spengler peer ese aa reer 545

SAH FUIUISOIS: coodonaotongSa66 sbodbdoR. SOHOre WS I SMAAAAAUILIS Scsaonoonoadoodsocadeoouocc 688

Seven wilte cin laneliacscjoeataceses sais 480) SPLeriala eee nena ears 164

Sexual organs; Déstoma molle n. sp 606 | SPACrexOCNUS. .occeveccevcesscevececeeee 183

Shaler and Foerste ; ref............... P| AAA OUGEr Oc Wasonoodesnnsondacodensocoaens 103

Shaw, W. R.; THE SKULL OF SPHENODON, LIZARDS AND Mosa-

THE CHIMAROID Bee carers 621, 622| sAuRS, ON THE RELATION OF

Sheeptail Gulch (Black Hills) ; CENTRA AND INTERCENTRA IN

Camb. -siliceous Ores.............06 302-5 THE CERVICAL VERTEBRA OF,

SHORELINE OF NANTUCKET, SOME Hi. Osborne elas 679

RECENT CHANGES IN, Chas. Spiders in Mammoth Cave. ........ 646

Barnard iiaiisadienuecssc sec cesceses Shop UCL ata ubncantoneasuanobouddeookse once 152

Stcyonia carinata M.-Edw........... INS SYA AIGAe) on apabodacdodcocagubosodadobe 152

Sicarinata Oliviersr.... ss. ABSA ANS DUOUZS Hac ccae cee ee eee eee EEE ee TET 181

S. Carinata Spence Bate........ 544 Spodumene deposits in Yellowstone

SWOTITIEI Bons OAD C ELROD BSE OC RORROnseceaeee 164. Par es acs oe Boas is) ARNG Maus eas apy tae 671

SW AGTLIOT Bla baenonconososuandadeocenesease ASRS Ae JER LOIS siocncobhon0s00 oscoododusnenec 165

SILVER, NATIVE, ON THE FINDING Starfishes (see Asteroidea and Ech-

OF, IN DAvipsoN Co., N.C., G tnodermca).

EP RGUIT Zee ee icine manacias 623-4 | STARS, THE POSITIONS AND PROPER

Silver, Peculiar, found at Silver | MOTIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL, IN

eT INES Cee ar tie dewacecsaessesis 624) THE CLUSTER OF COMA BEREN-.

Six Year Catalogue of Stars......... 347 ICES) VV. Car Koretznca 341. 78, 647-8

SKULL OF THE CHIM/ROID, R. Staten Island; General Geologic

W. Shearman.................. 621, 622 Conditions siy:tkeeecesuesene eee 91-2

SKULL, ZAPOTECAN, A, Hrdlicka.. 642) STATEN ISLANDS, N. Y., SOME

DIMES Treen ener ee uk daneainahceeee 608 FEATURES OF THE DRIFT ON, A.

Sina eee ire terre eneaceacs cake. Soil o Holicky sneer utenennnae seers gI-102

SMrithyne te wens ses eve tciasce cos 528 | Static loop distinguished from dy-

SUMAN ya mne hese ete ewan ue iioe ls 315| namic hysteresis loop............... 657

Syamiin, WG, Aly IM codéocoadonoossenoace ANBYO)||| SYA POMIUE Sannmnneecososod 0590600000000 536

ST eee ea ecg 89 | Stenopus hispidus Latreille........... - 536

Syomhdn. Vals JSL8 skis n3 Gopesdasoneenaoas AS OM S£e7 Of Lecas aac cancecucnceeoesesececes 52

Swat, Jal, 18 TRA nasanensconedseoenees 89 | Stevenson, J. J.; ON THE SEC-

Smith, Ed. (Newfoundland); Ter- TION AT SCHOHARIE, N. Y ...... 667-9

VAN Osta eseeer sve nesiecccinsce skis 445 45-52, 55 | stevenson, J. J.; ref....0.......-.2.. 89

Smith; Prof. T. C.; ref......221=2) 245)| S72chopus ....i..cc2coesoeccsenereesee 11g, 135

270 ,273, 291, 294, 297, 301, 307, 309, | Stachopus diaboli Heilp.,

11g, 120, 121, 133

313, 315

712 INDEX.

6 / RULES. MOIS Geppoacanosaooc 120 S. bankensis LUdw...........0++- 129

S. mibtt Semp ...119, 120, 133, 640 S. inherens O. F. Mill,

S. xanthomela Heilp............ 119 126, 127, 128, 129, 134, 640

SYGHG DOA paacoponncobabocoocodcsaG5b0b0R0 148 S. tnnominata Ludw........... 129

Stimpson; ref., 529, 532, 534, 539, 541, Ss 70S2O/@ NICUIN es eeee eee ee 126, 134

544, 590, 600, 601, 604, 605, 610 S. vivipara Oerst...... 126, 134, 640

Stimeyy wy. Mies refrac reeccssosenes HOO)|(Symaptas:.a.cns-eeeseeeeeeee ee eee 125

DSLOMLALOPOA Gimmes aacescteraeecces YAS I WS) AeHeeEdaent peceaponesddocooddoonone 56° 117

(SOMA TOT oka sien bbnacnobanen pasbenst IYNSS WE SIENA OGIO. oonocosuosdeob00000000000 165

Stone, (Ganka ureters eae eens AKO} SEALED ILO encdceoa 20003007200 205005560 165

SLAP OLOULMATCHLOLO antes atone AT NVSVMOCLUOLCs suet seep aee eae eer ee ree eeee 148

SAG UOMO ARUES cocoandcocadagonesonen 152 | Syntax, Avestan; Index locarum... 587

STRESSES IN RAILS DUE TO THER- Index) merunaeee ees see eeeeeeeee 586-7

MAL CHANGES, P. H. Dudley. .638-9 | Syrdvgopord.......0..ccceesececncnencsses 146

SUALCRIAILO LILI eee Ee ee ee 153

String Vibration, Formula of........ 665 | Tail of Tylosaurus dyspelor......... 660

RSL OMLALODOL Daten eee eee eee DAS LACHEALA) Wace setae nen eeeeaeeeae 165

SLONUOUM Graces ceisan caches Seek cian DHS WW LaDe sve iat oat one eRe eee 165

DSLHOMLD ODES Nanntet eh ince een eG 146 | Taylor; Star catalogue.............. 346

Siaxovaver, Ole 13)a8. ate Bagadsooodonoonbnceses Sil Mert, Oss ere hi 5.422 ee ee eee 89

ISZHOD/LOC OTL eae easee eee eee eee ee 152| Telegraphy, Long distance; How

ISOM QOIITELE occnonctoriGaseocbn0ds 200006 152-3 retarded xs iceasSsascsscaes esac nee 674

STRUCTURE OF THE CHINOOK LAN- Teleost eggs; Two types according

GUAGE, J. R. Swanton.......... 654-5 to holoblastic forms of cleavage.. 640

STRUCTURE OF THE FEET OF THE TELEOST FISHES, OBSERVATIONS

Mu.t-FootepD Hoc oF TEXxAs, ON THE GERM LAYERS OF, F.

FSH OSbornr.sche.cnecoees sence 658=0)) = Basumnertesss seers 626, 639-40

StruviesMretyasa sums sema-eane nent 352| Telephony, Long distance; How

Struve’s Star Catalogue. fysscs05-5.00 361 retarded ys sucuicciecwecne seen eee 674

MOLT IEULLE PAGS le Shine terse ee ER 667 | Telescope, Paris; No dome.... .... 639

SYALO OSs Soaoebinos 590, 595, 604, 612 | TELESCOPE, THE GREAT HORIZON-

SuewoOseeELerdmatecsenseeseee ee 604 TAL, FOR THE PARIS EXPOSITION

Ss MOG NelSiolwohoL oe nstuscodueee 603 WNP RIGOTO, Ifo 1S IVES) Soocsqacacs soe 638-9

S. stimpsoni n. sp., RMT TE ore pO RR SAO OGGOUAD A520 qe 165

6O2=35 Ol2 OA ONO) lipeli7zz a aanreeeene se neeeeree eee ee Rete 165

SLY LASTH Bera sctehicteenia tenis inane WANS) |fp SRT UO BN acoococsneosses6nGo5020005¢ 157, 165

Stylo-hyal joined with columella in HEUtMOpsts. Saas caasin dasa sees eno 185

SYM HOCKOD. ca spooncenoagidenosoeGcane: MOE} || Wiese Come, eccacdesacvodcssosces 678

SUOULILES to. scrrsccecteelseceneeeeceten eae 175 | Temperature, Effect of, on phos-

Sugar Loaf Hill Laccolite; Black phorescent substances .............. 657-8

FUlLSs carerenncutescoeteceaeene ates 209-12 | TEMPERATURE OF GASEOUS CE-

Sulphide, Calcium, Phosphorescent; LESTIAI BODIES ON THE, A. S.

How made non-luminous.......... 657-0) me Chessiniessceceneaseeeee eneseeeee 647-8

Sumner, F. B.; OBSERVATIONS ON LONER’ bib. scohceces eee eee 165

THE GERM LAYERS OF TELEOST Tentacles ; Cyzthia deanit n. sp.... 597

ISELES S.cameenesaeaneceome scare 626, 639-40 C. macrostphonus n. sp... 597

Sumner, F,B.; Recipient of New- Styela stinipsont Ni. SP......0.0+ 602

bury RWesearchehmmdsaeene-ceecetece 647 | Ten Year Star Catalogue............. 349

Sumner (ha ineiesseeee eee 80) Leveled. wissccedousenck eee sa eee 176

Sunset Mine (Black Hills); Quartz- Ler eBr aren <0 sesecsdunessace tose 153

ee irite=porphynyeeesssesseteceee eee 254 || Uereuratul adenoid ee toessesteeee 153

RS AAO TIL ot eo EEY Rene Ban GeciesnacOu5OG0 D7 5 ||) Leveoratlei2a eee eee ee 153

SULT CULILES NTS Ae TS OES 1 EERE Pee LTS ENERO Hats cctctlonl Sena tesosore con meee 165

Swamps, Carboniferous, Present Terminal moraine ; Staten Id...... 92-102

‘peat bogs exceed ...........cseceeeee 675 | Terrane, New Brunswick, Sections

Swanton, J. R.; THE STRUCTURE OF oaths site kagtiocetedtesl tie dont seater 42

OF THE CHINOOK LANGUAGE....654-5 | TERRANE, PALA:OZOIC, BENEATH

SYMADLD, siedervacsecasiaue eer ese eee 35| THE CAMBRIAN, G. F. Mat-

Synapta acanthia n. Sp......129; 134, 040)) “CHEW! <o seen. eeaee se dere sess ones eee 41-56

713

INDEX.

Vitesse sek tad. cease se enscucs 219-24 64, 633

Quartz-zgirite-porphyry......... 252-3 | TRANSITIVE CURVES OF COUNTER

Tertiary and Cretaceous clays of BALANCE AND CRANK PINS IN

oneulislan dee eetacceecet es eee: 113 RuNNiING Locomotives, P. H.

Tertiary gravels; Staten Island..... 94 Dudley eso eer ease sae 619, 620-1

Test ; Cynthia deani n. sp........0..- 592 | Transmigration of souls, Esquimo

G3 GARD Wo BOsaosccnocssosone 598 beliefcimi i yeatoseseesmceweneenes 684

CS THUG OSH MOLD Ko Voces. SI) || SAAB LAHILT nog 110003000080004060008060000 165

Cis Pe Casey Spe scenester 591 | Traustedt, M. P. A.; ref.,

Distoma lobata n. Sp ....sc.eeeee 607 590, 599, 601, 604, 605, 610

Styela stimpsont Ni. SPp.......00 00 602 | Traquair, Professor R. H.; Cor.

Thalmantias ; Puget Sound ......... 687 IY eve eget he Re RRO oan Deh 630

The lgwreise te oe. 120, 121 Treasurer, N. Y. Ac. Sc.; Annual

THEORIES, RECENT, REGARDING _Report sfefatelelsfeteisteletlateteteisieteyslersielersieisiatcere 634

THE CAUSE. OF GLACIAL TT EMAROLUS ein cnen none eeecseenc ete: 176

CLIMATE, J. F. Kem ERD ELO eet 675 Trematis Diclelelevatetcreteloteveleleleveiancteletetetslonelerelorcic’s 153

THERMAL CHANGES, ST ESSES IN Trematoceras cotatercteleloteletetommeletateteteletelsisteierelere! 181

RAILS DUE TO, P. H. Dudley..638-9 Trematofusts stolalateicislateintetetaisteleisietstaletoteistorete 176

TWIST Nae ae OABR DSO LUA ABGRECOSEEAROROTELE 165 | Lrematopora..........00+erereveeeneees 148

Thorndike, E. L.; ON MENTAL diuiasidiscoverede ess eeemscessenceete 670

HEAD I GUA ars Slee we aca 671-2 | Triassic shale or limestone; Staten

Thorndike, E. L.; ref................ 490 Ais Tarra Cee eae a AUS Aen ins er pea rien

Vése Memo .2 sasecn octnche es 635i) Unibolites see nesereeceeeeesen 52, 53, oa 35

Thorne, Samuel ; Res. Mem......... 618 | Tribolites ; None in Etcheminian.. 52

URL GLO Ss Sor sicerieee ae uct semeiseiteastes HOS |) LLAAADETO PS scoadociagooncesa6e60006000900 176

VIVE YOSTOS re oohes Actan sense sore wsiaetenea’ (Stelle 072 (01 a2o ppcenenpboduesHoouacnHusedsonasoes 176

dlittamys Wee Cet rete anceceseceeere SO) |) TAA BACIR ncaa sonbennapesoodoodN6dsoG 165

Time, Unity AG in poe WramasO4 3-45) feyeoria nn cna to elee ee ene 166

Titantchthys css vivveeceerseeeeververs 686 DUEL AS Tics Ragone cucnonseosbededHon8p0800 153

Titaniferous iron, Superiority of, VEZ TLIE Sse cabcboseesnacnunebonaCocadonus 176

LOTSOMEYPULPOSES seceubecteiaciecises SPAR era Pre Ar al Sula aa CCR UN RY Ll cir 176

TITANIFEROUS MAGNETITES, ON LG ttOnCAC Drs ven as ase racer ecco cet 176

‘THE, J. F. Kemp............. sete O27 oehiio i inc a 176

Titaniferous ores, Cost of Working.. 628 | ppocyppa Nerve, AN ANOMOLY

Mitamite oo.o et en wseoee nen --nrnnnneeee sony IN THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE

eee ponesoropse30s0050q55 Hise lly A OR; ARG WWiellls, cae eate tess te 621, 622

OFTEATUIA. .crcccccceccrccccccccccserace Ap hl inh bod ih

LTO 08 Sop pBROR ORE EOC OOC OI EERC ie fora sa tte Scien a a 622

Torrey Botanical Club ; ref........ S054 90) jeene ene ee eee nae 176

Morreys john; ince: Mem). oo. ss 1-2| Trout ; Hypoblast, How derived.... 640

TWOMIGE § TeSicesocchsoandadesaodenobobooed 315 Trowbridge, C. C.; PHospHor-

wionmsendh Ra MnCl. recs. crc-tels abies 499} escent SUBSTANCES aT LiguipD

Townsend, S. G. and M. I AIR TEMPERATURES............-+- 656-8

Pupin; MAGNETIZATION OF Trowbridge, C. C.; ref.............. 89

Oa UDR A TING OURS Troy, N. Y.; Cambrian fauna........ 55

RENTS, PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT, .656—7 AN

5 Tubularia ; Puget Sound............ 687

Toxopneustes variegatus Lamk...... 132 | dicla 176

Trachosteus........ esteseenseteeesereees 686 Tufts, F. L.; ON THE ABSORPTION

Trachydosaurus, Similarity of ster- AMD Romeo GR Sou

min el lescenes: ES ay 66 Waves By Porous MATERIALS,

- pope Hee ae Sdogacoudsesnses Aes fe) 618, 620

Bei me, 5) 20), 207 | ake, Bs Wage

ivaditiene: oglitindcon’ Bay and sae Calcium; Effect of liquid Ae

Athapascan natives................- OS 4 sar sewemn oo saci soiaarh ies agi ca eh Rg

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Sci., XII, Aug. 13, 1900—45.

714 INDEX.

Tunicata of Pacific Coast............ 589

Tunicates) Burmuda....d...s-.20.00 681

Bugeth sound esetnescencesensesces 688

TUT DULE LIDS Sera. ROE eRe 176

LUI DUILOPSES: setakicis Sen vata cee meee 176-7

HMRTLCULON said ha ndes satecr onsen trae Naa

STULL nae eco sncas Soden sonoonne 181

LENE CLL Os Ni ciatcreh Se Sasre atisciee Beene ee 177

TYLosAURUS DysPELOR, UPON A

COMPLETE SKELETON OF IN-

CLUDING THE CARTILAGINOUS

STERNUM, H. F. Osborn ..... 658-60

Tylosaurus adyspelor Cope.......0++ 659-60

Underwood Prof. L. M.; Res. Mem. 631

HO eae cestea eee eseaenesee oes 166

United. States Geological Survey ;

HEM Asraiae sol meaeaeeossteecusecle scene 490

Unity of time in Sanscrit Drama ....643-4

Uranium or Becquerel rays, Emis-

SLOMYOLy Ae eae cistcsataet ce hoes Romeaiene 627

Tat hee aye On se aioe ataue acuta cts 53

Urvasi ; Unity of time................. 644

Wiel ACR Mc Mare lta cee cum mentaraner Gis 89

Vialentinelpreiis..ceaeeee ecco ee 103

Vanadic, Replacement of phos-

phoric acid by, in opatites......... 626

VGHUR ORGS. teat natteceneea doen Rees i/o

(MOU BU AUIS Sse poo cenbooop686eGa5 20608 177

Van Elarlingen;, 5 Wi; melicncea-. 490

Vanvltise perofy;) rel pesessescne 197, 198

van Ingen, Gilbert; Res. Mem..... 631

Tes ERE AEE REINER OSES 97, 315, 490

Varanus, Extension of hypaphyses

Lin hataatnntannenseenosenaenccseceneness 679

VASUTIE Pantanea cease seeeeeeneseseneee 177

VEGETABLE REPRODUCTION BY

MEANS OF BROOD ORGANS IN

THE Hrpatic&, M. A. Howe,

685, 688-9

Veled a riere eave Nada cass eon aamarose eases eee 166

LYVCUTLALE Soop oOo BOO OSROEOOOABAOC BECO 77

Vieniclla ereccitoareeencessene neta: 166

VERSE aweceneahenteactie cence ae ieee ces 166

Verrill VAG sores cas 126, 134, 490

VERTEBRATE ILIOCOLIC JUNCTION,

THE MoRPHOLOGY AND PHYL-

OGENY OF, G. S. Huntington

622, 623

Vetocanavage na ctee seen ese ec eeh er see 166

Vibration of string, Use of photo-

graphy to determine................ 664-5

VIBRATIONS, COMPOUND HArR-

MONIC, OF A STRING, Wm. Hal-

1 Colo) aR R Ene PR ance caacaradetoc. 664-5

Visceral arch, Continuity of malleus

With eee sede uate coset eeereweseeeeeee 103

Vision, Power of, in Mammoth

Gave faunaieccc..oecscscecteaentee 646

VISIT TO THE ANCIENT LOCALITY

OF JADE AT JORDANSMUHL NEAR

BRESLAU, GERMANY, G. F.

Keun zi ieee ekoe eens 667, 670-1

VISUAL PERCEPTION OF LINEAR

Disrances, C. H. Judd.......... 624

HOV a e550 SS ee 166

Woihneyio( Ca W781 conceccooosbandeoner 89

VOUS CLAS Re ae ES ea ee ee oe 166

WOTUta «rr accaee ache Ee 177

Voluielites ete na sateen een 177

WOUPTOUE Tas oxb bobcskadionecndedon 205000 177-8

Voletomonpha ene cere ere 178

Von Drasche, Richard; ref.,

590, 599, 600, 605, 609, 612

Wiaenens Wie) netesetesccereseteeee 596, 610

Walcott, C. D.; ref............ 46, 55, 89

Wallace yaVWeasn-nirelenne meaner ceases 490

Wander ale aiberenetsessceccceseeence 98

Washburn, Dr. Wickes; ref......... 659

Washington, Ins S.; reins esses eee: 490

Watterson, Miss A.; ref............... 490

Wriee das irets saunas sctoseeeeeere cae 260

Weil, Richard ; AN ANOMALY IN

THE INTERNAL COURSE OF

PROCHERAVINER VES... secon 621, 622

Weil, Richard; DEVELOPMENT

OF THE OSSICULA AUDITA IN THE

@POSSUMI ie eae hike ae eee nance 103-7

Welllers: S#onteiisacenste accent 9

Cort Memy..t Seccatemes emcees sere 630

White siretinonet nace tc maneaccreeae 529

Wihitelt € scAcr ineticcc..cspemaeericeace 143

White, Dr. Theodore G.; THE

BLACK RIVER, TRENTON AND

UticA FORMATIONS’ IN THE

CHAMPLAIN VALLEY OF N. Y.

HAND V Dsodwarceisiee ee siscioas sate eeete ratio 645

White, Dr. Theodore G.; Life

IMFO MD. i025 2s aheke coeemarseeweres Saeee cer 663

Whitehouse, Cope; Solar radi-

ALION os scchte cosets See eee eee 647

Whitfield, R. P.; List or Fos-

SILS, TYPES AND FIGURED SPECI-

MENS, USED IN THE PALZONTO-

LOGICAL WoRK OF R, P. WHIT-

FIELD, SHOWING WHERE THEY

ARE PROBABLY FOUND AT THE

IPRIESPNIT eh Mi easencesee eee acces 139-86

| Whitfield, R. P.; ref.,

97, 98, 141, 142, 522

lb Weidersheimisaheinee ss cseecseseeseeeese 679

| Willemoes Suhm;; ref............. 544

Walliams; IRS Sesceeseecccceereentece ane 490

Wilson, E. B.; SEARCH IN EGypT

FORVPOLMELERUS = 0 ceeeeteeteeeere 666

WValson’ 1520S (eine aceeceeeeee ee 490

or ee

——————— ee

INDEX.

Wind and currents, Erosion caused

ISN Ho SRaaenneconnneaaeneuesecorericcec. 662, 683

WioodtReyv. dae i|esretenereseesnrss 530

NVioodee Re Wiset netecsnssaeceenncceeeces 490

Woodward, Dr. A. Smith; Cor.

Mite mn ae eee Aue Nerul 630

Woodworth, R.S.; THE Accu-

RACY OF MOVEMENT .......-.-.000- 629

Woodworth, R. S.; Res. Mem... 685

ME eee eee a sete ee nome ones 89, 490

Wortman, J. L.; History or

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAN-

NON-BONEIN ARTIODACTYLA, ,621, 622

Wortman, J. L.; Res. Mem........: 631

Writers, Views of, on Eruptive

Rocks of Black Hills............ 238-40

Wrottesley ; Star catalogue....347, 350

Xantho setiger M.-Edw.............+.. 529

X. denticulata White............ 529

ACAI NOT OS sodoncboncocoasoaesonececnoe 178

Yarnall ; Star catalogue............ 347, 362

. YELLOWSTONE PARK, EXCURSION

FRO), 18%, Os 1S 'ONENocgan009006 3000 667, 671

Werkes; Observatonyes. sce cece cess 639

UIE Cero snc OBER OCORRER OREO TEED GEE 166

TUSTIN cos c0cn0ecd09000500006000068000 146

ZAPOTECAN ANTIQUITIES, H. H.

SENIIINIG oars cgcquonnéoososnaooabqunnonee 642

ZAPOTECAN SKULLS, A. Hrdlicka.. 642

LE ACTIPLUS EERE a Eee 148

Zoisite- quartzite at Jordansmiihl,

Germany ean saeco 671

Zooids ; Distoma lobata n. sp........ 607

Zooids, General Character of......... 605

ZOOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS ON

PuGEr SouND DURING SUMMER

OF 1899, AN AccouNT oF, Dr.

Pie Rep Wwinwvillegee nese eee 685, 687-8

ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITION, THE

SENFF, N. R. Harrington...645, 647

| ZOOLOGY OF MAMMOTH CAVE, R.

Ellsworth Call.................. 645, 647

VOL. XII, April 30, 1899. PART I,

ANNALS

OF THE

NEW YORK

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Editor:

GILBERT VAN INGEN.

The New Era Printing Company,

Lancaster, Pa.

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

OFFICERS, 1898-9.

President—HeEnry F. Ossporn, American .Museum of Natural

History. |

Vice-Presidents—]. F. Kemp, CHares L. Bristou.

Secretary—RIcHARD E. Dopce, Teachers College, W. 120th St.

’ Corresponding Secretary—WM. STRATFORD, College of the City

of New York. ~

Treasurey-—CHARLES F, Cox, Grand Central Depot. -

Librarian—BaSHFORD DEAN, Columbia University.

Editor—GILBERT VAN INGEN, Columbia University.

SECTION OF ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS.

Chairman—M. I. Purin, Columbia University.

Secretary—W. 5S. Day, Columbia University.

SECTION OF BIOLOGY.

Chain Tees S. LEE, Columbia University.

Secretary —F. E. Lioyp, Columbia University.

SECTION OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY.

Chairman—Gxo. F. Kunz, 15 Union Square.

Secretary—A. A. JULIEN, Columbia University.

SECTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY, PHILOLOGY AND

PSYCHOLOGY.

Chairyman—LAWRENCE A. McLoutu, New York University.

Secretary for Philology—A.V.W. Jackson, Columbia University.

Secretary for Anthropology and Psychology—Cuas. B. Biss, New

York University.

SESSION, 1898-1899.

The Academy will meet~on Monday evenings at 8 o'clock,

from October 3d to May 22d, in the rooms of the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers, at 12 West 31st Street.

PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

[Lyceum or Naturat Hisrory 1818-1876. ]

The publications of the Academy at present consist of two

series—The Annals (octavo) and The Memoirs (quarto). The

Annals, which opened in 1824, contain the scientific contribu-

tions and reports of researches, together with the reports of

meetings. The Zvansactions,in which the shorter papers and

business reports have hitherto appeared, are now abolished and

the matter appears in the Annals. The complete volumes of

Annals will hereafter coincide with the calendar year, and be-

ginning with the volume now in press will appear about April

30, August 31, and December 31.

The price of the Annals will hereafter be one dollar per part

(three dollars per volume). By vote of the Academy, all pub-

lications will be sent free to resident members and to such hon-

orary and corresponding members as mney, express a desire to

receive them.

Subscriptions and inquiries concerning current and back

numbers of any of the publications of the Academy should be

addressed to the editor, :

GILBERT VAN INGEN,

Columbia University,

New York City.

PRICES OF PUBLICATIONS.

Annals of the Lyceum (Vols. I.—XI.), . . . . per Vol., $5.00.

Proceedings “ a (Mole ie a terre atl oe 5 OG,

Annals “ “ (Vols Xe iia stain 8 Ee EE O.0G)

Memoirs “ “ Viole Pare Tes ce ee eae: 1.00.

Annals ‘“ 2 ViOMUXE Ch scar st oe as a ee OOr

CONTENTS OF VOL. XII, PART I.

1.—Charter, Order of Court, Constitution and By-Laws

and List of Members of the New York Academy

of Sciences, 1899, . fae Tea, Stead ar

2.—Matthew, Geo. F. A Paleozoic Terrane beneath the

Cambrian (Figs. 1-4), . emote

3.—New York Academy of Sciences. Sixth Annual Re-

ception. April 19 and 20, 1899. Catalogue of

Exhibits, . |

VOL. XII PARTS II AND III

ANNALS

OF THE

NEW YORK

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |

Editor:

GILBERT VAN INGEN

Acting Editor:

THEODORE G. WHITE

The New Era Printing Company,

Lancaster, Pa.

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

OFFICERS, 1899-1900

President—HENrY F. Osporn, American Museum of Natural

History.

Vice-Presidents—JAM¥s F. Kemp, Columbia University.

CHarces L. Brisrot, New York University.

Secretary—R1cHARD E. Dopcr, Teachers College.

Corresponding Secretary—W M. STRATFORD, College of the City

of New York.

Treasurey—CHAkLES F. Cox, Grand Central Depot.

Librarian—BASHFORD DEAN, Columbia University.

F:ditor—GiLBERT VAN INGEN, Columbia University.

SECTION OF ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS

Chairman—MiIcHakv I. Purin, Columbia University.

Secretary—Wn. S. Day, Barnard College.

SECTION OF BIOLOGY

Chairman— FREDERICK S. LEE, Columbia University.

Secretary—FRancis E. Lioyp, Teachers College.

SECTION OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY

Chairman—Gero. F. Kunz, 15 Union Square.

Secretary —ALEXIs A. JULIEN, Columbia University.

SECTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY

Chairman—FRanz Boas, American Museum of Natural History.

Secretary—CuarLEs H. Jupp, New York University.

SESSION, 1899-1900

The Academy will meet on Monday evenings at 8 o'clock,

from October 2d to May 28th, in the rooms of the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers, at 12 West 31st Street.

PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

NEW. YORK NG ADE MANE Ot “SCIENCES

[Lyceum or Naturat History 1818-1876]

The publications of the Academy consist of two series, viz :—

(1) The Annals (octavo series), established in 1823, contain

the scientific contributions and reports of researches, together

with the records of meetings, annual exhibitions, etc.

Publication of the Transactions of the Academy was discon-

tinued with the issue of Volume XVI, 18098, and merged in the

Annals. A volume of the Annals will hereafter coincide with

the calendar year and will be distributed in three parts, during

the year. The price of current issues is one dollar per part or

three dollars per volume. Authors’ reprints are issued as soon

as the separate papers are printed, the dates appearing above the

title of each paper.

(2) The Memoirs (quarto series), established in 1895, are is-

sued at irregular intervals. It is intended that each volume shall

be devoted to monographs relating to some particular depart-

ment of science. Volume I is devoted to Astronomical Mem-

oirs, Volume II, to Zoological Memoirs, etc. The price is one

dollar per part, as issued.

All publications are sent free to fellows and resident members

and to such honorary and corresponding members as express a

desire to receive them.

Subscriptions and inquiries concerning current and back

numbers of any of the publications of the Academy should be

addressed to Tue Epiror

New York Academy of Sciences

Columbia University

New York City.

PRICES OF PUBLICATIONS

Annals of the Lyceum (Vols. I-XI), . . . per Vol., $5.00

Proceedings “ See CV GOlse gt UL) 7 xia geen OH et OG)

Dees. onthe meademy (Vols XV Dyn Rey i Es as OO

Annals “ - (Wiols IE). os ais ee ere As OOO

Annals ‘ x (Mol Xia? seq.) coe: 3.00

Memoirs “ es (Vola; Pil, Volkert. 11), per

Peltier eu ye eats Wunaprer ais seer Men Oe Se i ee a ae ee La)

CONTENTS OF VOL. XII, PARTS II and Im

PAGE.

4.__Hollick, Arthur. Some Features of the Drift on

Staten Island, New York, (Plate T);... 2... 93=1@2

5.—Weil, Richard. Development of the Ossicula

Audita in the Opossum, (Plates II-III), . . 103-112

6.—Merrill, Frederick J. H. Origin of the White

and Variegated Clays of the North Shore of .

Tong, Island) a: % caw eerie a pie Nemes) a

7.—Clark, Hubert Lyman. Further Notes on the

Echinoderms of Bermuda, (Plate IV), . . . 117-138

8.—Whitfield, R. P. List of Fossils, Types and Fig-

ured Specimens, used in the Paleontological

Work of R. P. Whitfield, showing where they

are probably to be found at the present time, . 139-186

9.—Irving, John Duer. A Contribution to the Ge-

ology of the Northern Black Hills, (Figs. 5-20;

Plates: ViVi): ogee SOG el ear ea

10.—Kretz, Walter C. The Posttiand and Proper

Motions of the Principal Stars in the Cluster

of Coma Berenices as Deduced from Measure-

ments of the Rutherfurd Photographs, . . 341-478

1i.—Catalogue of Exhibits, Seventh Annual Recep-

tion and Exhibition, New York Academy of

Sciences, April 25 and 26, 1900, . . . «479-520

12.—Rankin, W. M. The Crustacea of the Bermuda

Islands, (Plate XVII), ete . . . 521-548

13.—Gray, Louis H. Gontibueiene to Weeden Syn-

tax, The Conditional Sentence, . . . . . 549-588

14.—Ritter, Wm. E. Some Ascidians from Puget

Sound Collections of 1896(Plates XVIII-XX), 589-616

15.—Dodge, Richard E., Recording Secretary. Rec-

ords of Meetings of the New York Academy

of Sciences, January, 1899, to December, 1899, 617—690

16.—Title Page and Index for Volume XIJ,. . . 691-715

Index Slips for Librarians, . . Set Sh a Se PERG a

Supplement to List of Members, Cabested to Decem-

bet 6, 1896,{un7 | SO Ee as oe eee