CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX.

BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.

Art. VII.—On the Modification of the Apex in Gastropod Mollusks

BY THOS. L. CASEY.

Art. VI.—Coleopterolozical Notices, VII.

BY 0. F. COOK AND G. N. COLLINS.

Art. I.—The Craspedosomatide of North America .

BY HAROLD JACOBY.

Art. IJ.—On the reduction of Stellar Photographs, with Special Reference

to the Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates . :

Art. V.—On the Permanence of the Rutherfurd Puotomaphi’ Plates

BY J. PLAYFAIR M’MURRICH.

Art. IV.—Notes on some Actinians from the Bahama Islands, Collected

by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop

BY HEINRICH RIES.

Art. I11.—The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State

195

181

124

Norre.—For descriptive references to the twenty plates which accompany

the present volume, see pages 94-100, 179, 180, 194 and 686-704.

AONEN AT'S

OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

VOLUME IX.

l.—The Craspedosomatide of North America.

BY O. F. COOK AND G. N. COLLINS.

Read October 7, 1895.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE ON THE FAMILIES OF DIPLOPODA.*

Since the completion of the paper on North American Craspe-

dosomatidee many dissections and drawings of representatives of

other families of Diplopoda have been made, resulting in the ap-

prehension of more light on the affinities of the group here treated.

Among the forms studied are Striaria, Stemmatoiulus, Cambala,

Cambalopsis, Nannolene, Pseudonannolene, Lysiopetalum, Pzero-

mopus, Siphonophora, Siphonotus, Siphonorhinus, Spirostreptus,

Spirobolus, Paraiulus, Pseudoiulus, and numerous representatives

of the Polydesmoidea. The result of this examination is opposed

to the opinion of Pocock, Latzel and Berlese, that the presert

family is allied most closely to the Iulide. It seems more reason-

able to place the Craspedosomatide next to the Polydesmide and

to arrange the families of Diplopoda as follows:

Class DIPLOPODA.

Subclass PSELAPHOGNATHA.

Order Ancyrotricha.

Family PoLYXENID4,—genera Polyxenus and Lophoproctus.

Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

* By O. F. Cook.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, Oct., 1895.—1

2 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Order Lophotricha.

Family PALZOCAMPID&,—genus Paleocampa.

Distribution: A fossil from the carboniferous Mazon Creek

beds, Lllinois.

Subclass CHILOGNATHA.

Order Oniscomorpha.

Suborder GLOMEROIDEA.

Family GLOMERIDA,—genera, Glomeris, Latzelia (preoccupied by a fossil

chilopod. )

Distribution: Europe, Asia and North Africa.

Family GERY AISIID&,—genus Gervaisia.

Distribution: Europe.

Suborder ZEPHRONIOIDEA.

Family ZEPHRONIID®,—genera Zephronia, Sphzeropceus, Spheerotherium.

Distribution: South Africa and Southern Asia.

Order Limacomorpha.

Suborder GLOMERIDESMOIDEA.

Family GLOMERIDESMID#,—genus Glomeridesmus.

Distribution: South America and the West Indies.

Family ZEPHRONIODESMID®,—genus Zephroniodesmus.

Distribution: Sumatra.

Order Colobognatha.

Suborder POLYZONOIDEA.

Family PoLyzoNniip®,—genera Polyzonium, Platyzonium, type P. getsch-

mannii (Cryptodesmus getschmannii Karsch. )

Distribution: North temperate regions of both hemispheres.

Family SIPHONOTID®,—genera, Bdellotus, type B. formosus (Siphonotus

formosus, Pocock), Rhinotus, type 2. africanus (Siphonotus africanus, Cook),

Siphonotus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

This and the previous family may constitute a superfamily

Polyzonoide, equivalent to the superfamily Siphonophoroide :

Family SIPHONOPHORID#,—genera Bactrois, type B. vittatus (Siphonophora

vittata, Pocock), Siphonophora.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Family SIPHONORHINID#,—genus Siphonorhinus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 3

Suborder PLATYDESMOIDEA.

Family PLATYDESMID#,—genera, Andrognathus, Brachycybe, Dolistenus,

Platydesmus, Pseudodesmus.

Distribution: North America, Europe and Asia.

Suborder SIPHONOCRYPTOIDEA.

Family SIPHONOCRYPTID®,—genus Siphonocryptus.

Distribution: Sumatra.

Order Monocheta.

Suborder STEMMATOIULOIDEA.

Family STEMMATOIULID,—genus Stemmatoiulus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Suborder XYLOIULOIDEA.

Family XYLOIULID#,—genus Xyloiulus (Xylobius Dawson).

Distribution: A fossil from the Sigillarian stumps of the

ecarboniferous beds of Nova Scotia.

Order Merocheta.

Suborder LySloPETALOIDEA.

Family LYSIOPETALID®,— genera, Callipus, Megastrephon, Eurygyrus,

Lysiopetalum, Spirostrephon.

Distribution: North Temperate Zone.

Suborder CRASPEDOSOMATOIDEA.

Family CRASPEDOSOMATID®, — genera, Aporogona, type A. crenulata

(Craspedosoma crenulatum, Latzel), Atractosoma, Attemsia, type A. stygia

(Latzel), Aulacosoma, Bactropus, Basigona, type B. athesina (Fedrizzi), Bom-

ogona, type B. lombardica (Brolemann), Branneria, Chelogona, type C. car-

pathica (Latzel), Caseya, Chordeuma, Cleidogona,* Conotyla, Craspedosoma,

Grypogona, type G. latzeli ( Atractosoma latzeli, Verhceff), Haasia, Haplogona, t+

type H. oculodistincta (Verheeff), Mastigona,t type WZ. mutabilis (Latzel),

Melogona, type JZ. rhenana (Chordeuma gallicum var. rhenanum, Verhceff),

Mycogona, type M. germanica (Chordeuma germanicum, Verhceft), Nanogona,

type NV. polydesmoides (Leach), Ochogona, type O. pusilla (Atractosoma pusil-

lum, Verheeff), Phanogona, type Ph. bohemica (Rosicky), Pseudotremia, Rhis-

cosoma, Scoterpes, Trachygona,{ Trichopetalum, Underwoodia, Xiphogona, f

type X. flavesceus (Latzel), Zygonopus.

Distribution: North Temperate regions and New Zealand.

*Cleidogona is proposed for Cryptotrichus Packard, preoccupied in Co-

leoptera.

+ These three names take the places respectively of Latzelia, Poratia and

Haasea, proposed by Verhceff in recent numbers of the Zodlogischer Anzeiger,

but all preoceupied in Diplopoda,—Latzelia twice.

{ For Trachysoma, recently proposed by Attems but preoccupied in Crustacea.

4 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Family HETEROCHORDEUMID®,—genera Heterochordeuma, Pocockia.

Distribution: Ceylon and Sumatra.

Family STRIARIID&,—genus Striaria. i

Distribution: Temperate North America.

Suborder POLYDESMOIDEA.

Family AMMODESMID&,—genera Ammodesmus Doratodesmus ( Doratonotus

Pocock, pre-occupied ).

Distribution: Tropical Africa and Asia.

Family AUGODESMID#,—genera Augodesmus, Euryurus, Polylepis.

Distribution: Tropical America.

Family CAMPODESMID#®,—genera Campodesmus, Cyrtodesmus.

- Distribution: Tropical Africa and America.

Family CHELODESMID#,—genera Chelodesmus,* Leptodesmus, Odonto-

peltis, Odontotropis, Priodesmus, Rhachodesmus (Rhachis, is pre-occupied),

Strongylodesmus.

Distribution: Tropical America.

Family CRYPTODESMID%,—genera Aporodesmus, Cryptodesmoides, Crypto-

desmus, Poratia, Trichopeltis.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Family CyCLODESMID4,—genus Cyclodesmus.

Distribution: Tropical America. There seems to be little

ground for supposing that the Malayan genus Doratonotus is re-

lated to the Mexican genus Cyclodesmus.

Family GOMPHODESMID,—genera Astrodesmus, Aulodesmus, Gomphodes-

mus, Harmodesmus, Marptodesmus, Sphenodesmus, Tycodesmus.

Distribution: Hast Tropical Africa.

Family HAPLODESMID&,—genus Haplodesmus (Haplosoma Verheeff, pre-

occupied ).

Distribution: Amboina.

Family ONISCODESMID®,—genera Cyphodesmus, Oniscodesmus, Spheerio-

desmus.

Distribution: Tropical America.

Family OXYDESMID#,—genera Anisodesmus, Isodesmus, Mimodesmus,

Orodesmus, Oxydesmus, Scytodesmus, Tylodesmus.

Distribution: Tropical Africa.

* Pores 13, on segments 5, 7, 9, 10-19, latero-inferior; sternum of fifth seg-

ment of male with four processes, that of the sixth with two; male legs with

a large process from the apex of the penultimate joint. Type Chelodesmus

marxit, U. S. National Museum.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 5

Family PARADOXOSOMATIDZ,—genera Paradoxosoma, Trachydesmus.

Distribution: Corfu.

Family PHATYRRHACHID#,—genera Acanthodesmus, Odontodesmus,

Platyrrhacus, Trachelodesmus.

Distribution : Tropics of both hemispheres.

Family PoLYDESMID#,—genera Brachydesmus, Cheetaspis, Goniodesmus,

type G. fissilobus (Polydesmus fiissilobus, Brolemann ), Polydesmus, Scytonotus.

Distribution: Temperate Europe, Asia and North America.

Family STRONGYLOSOMATID,—genera Anoplodesmus, Centrodesmus, Cne-

madesmus, Cylindrodesmus, Eudasypeltis, Icosidesmus, Iulidesmus, Ophio-

desmus, type O. verheeffi (Strongylosomum verhceffi, Brolemann ), Orthodesmus,

Prionopeltis, Rhachidomorpha, Strongylosoma, Tetracentrosternus, Trogo-

desmus.

Distribution: Cosmopolitan, mostly Tropical.

Family StTYLODESMID#,—genera Cynedesmus*, Lophodesmus, Pyrgodes-

mus, Stylodesmus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Family X YSTODESMID #,—genera Eurydesmus, Fontaria, Pachydesmus, type

P. crassicutis (Wood), Rhysodesmus, type R. limaz (Sauss.), Stenodesmus,

Xystodesmus, type X. martensii (Peters).

Distribution: North America and Eastern Asia.

Order Diplocheta.

Suborder SPIROSTREPTOIDEA.

Family SPIROSTREPTID,—genera Alloporus, Archispirostreptus, Ctenoiu-

lus, Odontopyge, Plusioporus, Rhynchoproctus, Spirocyclistus, Spiropceus,

Spirostreptus, Thyropygus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres and South Africa.

Family TRACHYSTREPTIDZ,—genera Trachystreptus, type 7. cambaloides, +

Lophostreptus, type L. magnus (Karsch).t

Distribution: Tropical Africa.

* Type Cynedesmus formicola, U. S. National Museum; the genus also in-

cludes C. ornamentatus (Cryptodesmus ornamentatus, Karsch).

{Trachystreptus cambaloides sp. n.—Nearly black; antennz strongly clavate,

lying in lateral concavities of the first segment; head, first and last segments

closely punctate; other segments with numerous irregular cariniform longi-

tudinal ridges. Segments 37-39. Length 25 mm.; width 2.2mm. Habitat,

Liberia.

{ I have examined the type of Glyphiulus magnus Karsch, in the Berlin Mu-

seum.

6 The Craspedosomatidx of North America.

Suborder CAMBALOIDEA.

Family PSEUDONANNOLENID®,—genus Pseudonannolene.

Distribution: South America.

Family NANNOLENID#,—genera Nannolene, Iulomorpha.

Distribution: Western North America and South Africa.

Family CAMBALID®,—genus Cambala.

Distribution: Eastern North America.

Family CAMBALOPSID&®,—genera Cambalomorpha, Cambalopsis, Glyphiulus,

Trachyiulus, Trichocambala.

Distribution: Southern Asia.

Family ARCHIIULID&,—genera Archiiulus, Archicambala, type A. dawsoni

(Xylobius dawsoni, Scudder).

Distribution: Fossils from the Sigillarian stumps of the car-

boniferous beds of Nova Scotia.

Suborder [ULOIDEA.

Family [uLIp#,—genera Allaiulus, Anaulaciulus, Brachyiulus, Chromatoiu-

lus, Cryptoiulus, Cylindroiulus, Diploiulus, Hemipodoiulus, Iulus, Mesoiulus,

Micropodiulus, Pachyiulus, Paleoiulus, Tachypodoiulus, Typhloiulus, Uncei-

ger, Xestoiulus.

Distribution: North Temperate Zone.

Family PARAIULID#,—genera Paraiulus, Pseudoiulus, Ptyoiulus, type P.

pennsylvanicus (Brandt).

Distribution: Temperate North America.

Family P#RoMoPID&,—genus Pzeromopus.

Distribution: California.

Family BLANIULID&,—genus Blaniulus.

Distribution: Europe.

Family IsopaTip,—genus Isobates.

Distribution: Europe and Temperate North America.

Suborder SIPHONOIULOIDEA.

Family SIPHONOLULID%,—genus Siphonoiulus.*

Distribution: Sumatra.

*This most remarkable form is probably worthy of ordinal rank and might

be called Rhinognatha. The absence of legs from the third and fourth seg-

ments indicates want of affinity with the Colobognatha, while the form of the

head and antennze will doubtless exclude it from the Diplocheta.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. T

Order Anocheta.

Suborder SPIROBOLOIDEA.

Family SpPrRoBoLiIp#,—genera Acanthiulus, Rhinocricus, Spirobolellus

Spirobolus, Thyroproctus, Trigoniulus.

Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres.

Subclass ARCHIPOLYPODA.

Family EUPHOBERID#,—with numerous genera.

This group is an assemblage of widely different fossil forms,

some of which will probably prove to be true Chilognatha; thus

the genus Amnilyspes bears striking resemblance to certain gen-

era of Polydesmoidea. The species of Hupheberia and Acan-

therpestes, however, are types apparently very distinct from the

Chilognatha. The six dorsal sete are located as in Craspedoso-

matide, while the sete and unpaired seminal duct are both pres-

ent in Stemmatoiulus, the representative ot an order equal in an-

tiquity to the Archipolypoda, so that the derivation of the

Chilognatha from the Archipolypoda is not indicated by present

evidence, though a common origin is most probable.

The orders and families of Chilognatha are in need of careful

description which will make the labor of characterizing species

and genera less difficult. In all the suborders, except the Poly-

desmoidea, the assignment of the genera to the different families

is made with some confidence. The classification of the Polydes-

moidea is in a backward state, owing to the fact that the older

writers neglected many of the more important characters and the

arrangement of some of the genera may prove to be more or less —

artificial and provisional.

The character which during our study of the Craspedosoma-

tidze we supposed to be unique among recent Diplopoda—the

dorsal setzee—is shared by Stemmatoiulus, which has even the

curious setiferous papille of the last segment, though there are

four in Stemmatoiulus, and only two in Craspedosomatide. The

co-existence in Stemmatoiulus of pores and setz show that the

presence or absence of either of these structures is not of itself

evidence of close affinity or wide diversity. The supposition

that the spines are in some way a substitute for the repugnatorial

apparatus is also shown to have no foundation.

The presence of external seminal ducts in Tulide and their ab-

sence in Craspedosomatide is at once an important and an easily

8 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

stated diagnostic character, and has been used in the following

synopsis of orders. So various are the adaptations of legs in

different parts of the body to assist in copulation, that the weight

of the principal distinction on which the group Oniscomorpha

rested has its relative importance somewhat diminished. Others

of its characters are evidently codrdinations with its habit of

rolling into a sphere, and are not necessarily to be interpreted as

evidences of a diversity of origin.

Synopsis of Orders of CHILOGNATHA.

Body composed of not more than 13 distinct segments; male copulatory or-

gans several-jointed, situated at the posterior end of the body.

Order Oniscomorpha

Body composed of at least 19 segments.

Males with the legs of the seventh segment unmodified; external seine!

ducts long, divaricate, beset with whorls of seme orden Limacomorpha

Males with one or both pairs of legs of the seventh segment transformed

into copulatory organs.

Males with eight pairs of legs in front of the 4-5-jointed copulatory or-

gans, which replace the posterior pair of legs of the seventh segment.

and the anterior pair of the eighth; segments 1-5 each with a sin-

Olle airrOl Mees eshte sasceniatoaeaesaueneceiasc nace Order Colobognatha |

Males with seven pairs of pre-copulatory legs; copulatory organs not more

than 2-jointed, replacing one or both pairs of legs of the seventh

segment.

External seminal apertures appearing as perforations of the cox of

HOS SECO! Jone GE EEA conchogaachasodansencpscocodeer Order Merocheta

Coxze of second male legs imperforate.

Labrum with a median sinus; segments 1-5 with one pair of legs

each; external seminal ducts wanting, the apertures located at

the base of the-second pair of legs.................. Order Anocheta

Labrum with a median tooth; segment 3 or 4 footless; external

seminal ducts present.

Pleure entirely obliterated; legs 7-jointed; external seminal

apertures through paired, unjointed; external ducts inserted

at the base of the second male legs............ Order Diplocheta

Pleurze nearly free; legs 8-jointed; external seminal aperture

single, through a 2-jointed external duct inserted at the base of

feysecondima le Megs: ne sssscceeeeeeeseeee scorer Order Monocheta

Notes ON SPECIMENS AND TYPES.

As Lysiopetalide and Chordeumide the American species of

this family have been subject to more revision than those of any

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 9

other. We concluded, however, after attempting a study of the

forms occurring in central New York, that more complete de-

scriptions of the known species would be necessary for their

identification and an understanding of their generic relationships.

Hspecially undesirable would be the projection of the new species

into the existing confusion.

Through the kindness of Drs. Riley and Gilbert we were per-

mitted to examine the types in the National Museum and the col-

lection of the University of Indiana. These, with our own col-

lection, gave us examples of nearly all the described species.

Unfortunately the types of the species described by Wood,

Packard, Cope, Ryder and Harger are not accessible, and may be

no longer in existence. Drs. Cope and Ryder expressed their

regret at being unable to assist us, as their specimens could not

be found. Dr. Packard favored us with a vial of specimens of

Pseudotremia and stated that his material may have been de-

posited in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, at Cambridge.

Owing to the illness of Dr. Hagen we could not get access to the

Specimens, nor ascertain whether they are in the Museum. The

Museum of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences contains but

one species of this family, a Cryptotrichus, but not Wood’s type.

A study of the material at hand soon showed us that we had

entirely underestimated our task; it purported to consist of

twelve of the fourteen species then known, but from it we have -

been compelled to erect seven additional species. Collections

made by ourselves added four more, and when this paper was

nearly finished Captain Casey presented a bottle of California

Myriapoda among which we found still another novelty, increas-

ing to twenty-eight the number of species known from North

America. From this it may be inferred that many species are —

still to be discovered, especially since the distribution is usually

very local. Individuals are scarce, and require the most careful

collecting in very moist habitats where species of other-families

are not commonly found, and which are therefore not visited

except in special quests for Craspedosomatide.

Our thanks are due to Mr. R. Innes Pocock, of the British

Museum, for many kindnesses in the way of opportunity of ex-

amining the collections under his charge, and for specimens of

Huropean Craspedosomatide which have enabled us to verify our

opinion of their generic distinctness from American forms.

10 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Novres on HABITS AND STRUCTURE.

The habits of living Craspedosomatidz show considerable differ-

ence from those of other families, and emphasize the importance

of some structural characters which have, we think, not received

proper weight in classification.

Reference is made chiefly to Trichopetalum,* which on account

of its abundance, small size and transparent exo-skeleton is well

suited for observation. But so much alike are all the members

of this family, that there is probably little difference with regard

to considerations of habits or structure, with the exception of

lack of eyes in cave forms.

In central New York Trichopetalum is one of the nrost common

and generally distributed of Diplopoda, though liable to be over-

looked on account of its small size. Like the other members of

this family it inhabits rather wet places, but does not seem par-

ticular in other respects, living among mosses and rotting leave

and under sticks and pieces of bark.

When undisturbed the gait of Trichopetalum is quite leisurely,

but when frightened it never attempts to protect itself by coiling

up, relying on its powers of flight. This course is warranted by

the fact that the Craspedosomatide are more fleet of foot than

other Chilognatha, though some species of [ulidez are able to

progress at a very respectable pace. It is also noteworthy that

the fleeter species of Julidez (Paraiulus) are not inclined to coil

up when frightened, but attempt to run, and even when captured

and held they do not at first employ the ruse of coiling up and

feigning death, but attempt to escape by vigorous wriggling.

All Iulidz seem, however, to have the power of coiling up, and

. will sooner or later exercise it for protection.

The ability to coil up depends on a certain form and structure

of the segments. The dorsal part must be longer than the ven-

tral, and the amount one segment overlaps the next must be

greater in the form that is able to coil up. There is also necessi-

tated a larger amount of flexible integument between the seg-

ments.

The Iulidz manifest all these characters, even to the flattening ~

of the pedal laminz and the basal joints of the legs; other Chilog-

natha have them, usually in a less degree.

* The species described in this paper as Trichopetalum album.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. int

In the Craspedomatide, however, the dorsal and ventral por-

tions of the segments differ less in length, and although the pedal

laminz have no chitinized connection with the pleure, the body

is not coiled in a close spiral. Even when tightly contracted in

alcohol, Trichopetalum and its allies are able to do little more

than form a circle, a position of doubtful use as a means of de-

fense, especially when compared with the close spirals which Iu-

lide assume. The Craspedosomatide lack, besides, the strong

exo-skeleton and repugnatorial secretion of the other families, so

that for them coiling up would not have much advantage as a

means of defense.

As might be inferred from the preceding statements the in-

stinct of feigning death is not developed in Craspedosomatide.

While they are able they attempt to run away, but if held in the

hand the heat and drier atmosphere are soon fatal. This was no-

ticed especially in Underwoodia polygama. lf held in the hand

and exposed to sunlight they were soon unable to run in the

ordinary way, wriggled convulsively a few times and died. This

would happen in a minute or two, while the specimen was being

examined with a lens to determine the sex. In such cases care

_ was taken to see whether the animals would recover, but they did

not do so.

Individuals of Trichopetalum are also of very delicate organi-

zation. They will not endure captivity to any such extent as

other Chilognatha, and will speedily die under conditions appar-

ently favorable to the other families. Dryness of the atmos-

phere is quickly fatal, and the animals seem to suffer if the venti-

lation is insufficient, even though the moisture is adequate.

On the other hand, it should be mentioned that a specimen of

Conotyla fischert was found running about on a log one morning

in February, when the ground was frozen and the cold severe

enough to have covered with ice-crystals both the ground and

the under side of the log. Such ability to withstand the cold ap-

peared very strange at the time,and on investigation it was found

that beetles and spiders under the log were incapable of motion,

though they recovered after being warmed in the hand. The

Conotyla was not, however, under the log, but on the upper side

of it, apparently quite as lively and vigorous as during the

warmer parts of the year, showing that he had been able to with-

stand the cold of the February night and either keep lively

12 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

through it or recover his powers at a temperature considerably

below the freezing point. This can be understood if we may sup-

pose that these animals have means of obtaining and using

larger amounts of oxygen than other tracheata, and are more

warm-blooded. In accord with this supposition is the following

observation on Trichopetalum by Dr. John A. Ryder, several

times verified by ourselves.

“While examining some living specimens of Trichopetalum

lunatum under the microscope, about a year since, I observed

that the respiration of the animal appeared to be conducted in a

most singular manner. The air seemed to be drawn in under the

labrum, and in some way to enter the dorsal cardiac sinus as

bubbles, which could be traced for some distance, more than half

the length of the animal, as they traveled slowly backwards, until

they disappeared over the opaque mass of ingested food contained

in the intestine. These bubbles of air always passed backwards.

It may be that they passed backwards inside of the intestine, but

the impression that I got was that they were traveling through

the cardiac sinus or dorsal heart of the animal. This cireum-

stance may explain why it is that there are no pores on the side

of the body, though it is true that the lateral pores af millipeds

are usually ‘foramina repugnatoria,’ and have nothing to do with

the trachea or respiratory apparatus. This raises the question

whether our Lysiopetalide are not distinguished from other

forms in some more important way than has been hitherto sup-

posed.”

In connection with this ability to withstand cold should be

mentioned the fact that in Europe the Alpine species affecting

the highest altitudes are Craspedosomatide.

The eyes are well developed in Trichopetalum, though the ocelli

are only moderately numerous. That is, the individual ocelli are

large, prominent and convex, as is usual in the family, which has

eyes apparently better developed than in other Diplopoda, and

not flat or merely pigmented spots as in other cases: But the

type of eye seems to be the same as in the Iulidz and other

families, and the animals take no notice of anything in front

until the antenne are in contact with the object, indicating that

in all probability, the eyes are unable to form definite images,

but are merely spots sensitive to light. Yet the animals do not

appear to have as decided objection to light as members of other

The Craspedosomatidee of North America. 13

families. When a specimen of Trichopetalum is uncovered no

perturbation is apparent unless the animal is actually touched.

Not only do the antennze come in contact with an object, but

also as a usual thing, the front of the head. The creatures are

not able to overcome their momentum with sufficient quickness,

or else their mental operations are too slow. They are not, how-

ever, worse off than many animals of higher organization, and

better developed sense-organs, for many reptiles and mammals do

not, as a rule, turn out for an obstacle until they have come into

actual contact with it.

That the eyes of the Diplopoda are incapable of forming im-

ages is, however, chiefly to be inferred from their plan of struc-

ture, as Lubbock has pointed out. And with the flattened eyes

of Iulidz and Polyzonide this is at once plain; but the eyes of

Craspedosomatidz are much more convex, regular and well-de-

fined than those of the others, and approach more nearly the con-

dition where effective vision might be possible.

One of the most noteworthy characteristics of Trichopetalum

exists in the great freedom of motion enjoyed by the head. In

other families the head is set more or less deeply into the first

seoment which is hollowed out in front to receive it, and is con-

sequently incapable of more than a slight motion. In such cases

the head is smaller, that is, narrower than the first segment ;

but in the Craspedosomatide the head is much broader than the

first segment, against which it is fastened as to a neck, and upon

which it moves with considerable liberty in any direction.

In like manner the mandibulary stipes are in this family excep-

tionally developed, and capable of rapid movement in the pro-

cess of chewing. The movement of the stipes in chewing has not

been noticed in other Diplopoda, though its absence we have in

some cases observed.

The antenne are, in most species of the family, exceptionally

slender, but do not noticeably differ from the diplopod type. In

Trichopetalum, however, they are shorter and somewhat clavate.

They are manipulated in the usual manner, though their motions

are more than ordinarily quick.

If the antenne are dipped into a liquid or touched against any

thing that sticks to them they are at once cleaned in the mouth.

How the animals manage to keep the other parts of their bodies

clean is an interesting question, for although they live in places

14 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

where they would be likely to become soiled they are always

clean to a degree. But when not to be cleaned the antenne are

frequently bent at the fourth joint and the end held near the

mouth, for no reason apparent.

In males the posterior pair of legs of the seventh segment

are two-jointed, the distal joint being thick and clavate, and

curved up against the side of the body. In walking, this modi-

fied foot which cannot touch the ground, is waved back and

forth in unison with the legs on either side. The copulation

of these animals has not been observed. but that this struc-

ture can have any part in the process is hard to believe or

imagine, and that it is to be looked upon as a merely rudimen-

tary structure seems more reasonable. In American Oraspedo-

somatidee are found the transitional stages between the condition

existing in the Polydesmide and Lysiopetalide, where only

the anterior pair of feet of the seventh segment have been modi-

fied for copulatory purposes, and the condition present in the

Tulidee and Polyzonide, where both pairs are thus modified. As

might be expected, the modification in form and the modification

in function are apparently taking place gradually, and in the

present case a part of the leg aids in copulation while the rest

waves idly, “from force of habit.”

Even in the Craspedosomatide which do not have the usual six

bristles of each segment well-developed on the anterior part of

the body, as in Pseudotremia and Chordeuma, the posterior

median bristles of the last segment are well developed and to all

appearances alike in all the species. They are curiously modified,

consisting of a cylindric, or slightly conic, enlarged base, from

the distal end of which projects a long, exceedingly slender, flex-

ible bristle, or in this case more properly a hair. This is suffi-

ciently stiff to remain nearly straight, but is much finer than the

bristles of the preceding segments, and not brittle.

Attached to the ends of these bristles have on several occasions

been noticed fine threads like spiders’ web dragging out behind

the animals as they walked, that is in Trichopetalum. And in

the living specimens it has also been noticed that these modified

bristles were sometimes carried vertically, and in others were

nearly horizontal. The peculiar conformation of the bases of

these bristles and of the apical portion of the segment suggests

the possibility that these bases are articulated with the segment,

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 15

and that the animal may have the power of moving them at will,

and the desirability of being thus able to move them becomes

evident if they are supposed to be spinning organs, while it

would be useless if they have no special function.

SENSE-ORGANS AND PROBLEMATICAL STRUCTURES.

In the course of the systematic examination of the different

forms it was necessary to mount above a hundred microscopic

slides. These gave opportunity for the examination of the more

minute structures of the animals, sometimes under tolerably favor-

able conditions. Following are noticed briefly the structures

which came to our attention. Some of them seem not to have

been previously recorded, and our notes may be of use when a

histologie study of the group is attempted.

1.— Antenne.

On the antenne are several types of more or less hair-like struc-

tures, all of which may prove to be sense-organs.

1. The So-called Olfactory Cones (figs. 61 and 190).—These

are well developed in all the species, the number being always

four, as is the case in most Diplopoda. We have counted hun-

dreds of specimens, including representatives of all the families,

and have never found less than four. There are more than four

cones in Glomeride, some species of Spirobolus, and a genus of

Polydesmidze from east Africa. The reports of one, two and

three cones can be paralleled by the carelessness displayed in count-

ing the segments of Chilopoda.

The cones of Craspedosomatide appear to differ from those of

other families only in being more slender, more like a wine bottle

in shape, and with longer bases.

2. Hairs of Ordinary Form.—Such may occur on other parts

of the body, and it is possible that all may have more or less

of tactile function. According to Sazepin’s diagrams of the an-

tennee of Iulide and Polydesmidez these hairs have neural con-

nection, and the same conditions seem to obtain in sections of the

antenne of Conotyla fischert.

3. At about the middle of the seventh joint, and pointing lat-

terad when the antenne are extended, is a solitary, rather slender,

mammillate-conic, transparent protuberance, narrowed at the tip

and produced into a long, very slender, and exceedingly fine-

16 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

pointed hair. (figs. 61 and 190.) This structure is about the size

of the olfactory cones, but histologically it is different, the con-

tents of the enlarged base being evidently granular, instead of

longitudinally fibrillate as in the cones.

Sazepin mentions nothing of this sort,and we have been unable

to find anything similar on the antenne of Iulidz, Polydesmide,

Lysiopetalide or Polyzonidz. The structure in question is prob-

ably present in all Craspedosomatide, and may be looked upon

as another evidence of the superior organization of this family.

We have had no opportunity of examining the antenne of Sco-

terpes, but find it in all the other genera here treated.

4. On the same side of the same joint, just above the previously

mentioned organ is a considerable number of long slender cones, ”

differing from ordinary hairs in being thicker, and with a large

internal lumen. The base inserted in the chitin is large and

bulbous.

5. On all sides of the distal portion of the sixth joint are scat-

tered transparent cones differing from the preceding sort in being

somewhat broader, with blunt rounded ends. They are also very

thin-walled, the lumen being continued nearly or quite to the end,

and are not enlarged at base.

6. On the fifth joint, more numerous toward, but not confined

to the distal portion, are structures very similar to the last, but

differing in that they are longer, sharp-pointed, and of somewhat

denser tissue. They differ from those of the seventh joint in be-

ing larger and longer and not enlarged at base. f

7. On the distal portion of each joint are hairs two or three

times as long and large as the average. Similar hairs of other

families are by Sazepin denominated ‘“ Schutzhaare,” explaining

their greater size by supposing them to be a special provision for

the protection of the sense organs, near which they are located.

They are probably articulated to the antennal surface, being sur-

rounded by a chitinous ring at base. That their role is not con-

fined to what is mentioned above is shown by the fact that they

occur on joints where there are no shorter sense-organs. A lu-

men can be seen extending through more than half the hair, the

distal portion of which is very slender and frequently flexuous.

_ The above structures are described from Conotyla jischert.

The same or equivalent seem to exist in other species, which do

not, however, offer equal facility of observation.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 17

Il.—A Possible Auditory Organ.

Between the base of the antenna and the neighboring ocelli is

a ring-like elevation of the chitinous surface of the head. We

have been able to find this in most of the diplopod families. In

the Craspedosomatide it is well-developed,—nearly as large as a

single ocellus. Sometimes it appears that the surface included

in the ring is covered by a delicate membrane, at others the ap-

pearance is that of a dark central spot or aperture (fig. 133).

That the structure in question is a sense-organ appears very

likely, but its function can only be conjectured. It is not impos-

sible that it may prove to be an auditory organ. Certain species

of Glomeride, of the genus Spherotherium are known to have

stridulating organs, and in them, at least, an organ of hearing

would be expected. That other diplopods stridulate is not

known, and would seem unlikely. There have been also no experi-

ments to determine whether they are able to hear, and such ex-

periments would be very difficult and probably unsatisfactory.

Iil.— The Labral Hairs.

On the labrum is a transvere row of long hairs provided in

some forms, at least, with neural connections (fig. 194). These

hairs do not appear to be especially differentiated in structure.

They are placed in depressions, though this is not so much the

case in the present family as in the Iulide. The best guess

would probably be that they have merely tactile function. The

number and arrangement of the hairs is very constant.

LV .—Gnathochilarium.

1. Cones similar to those of the Antennz.—On the apices of the

processes of the stipes, and on the lingual lobes are more or less

numerous conical structures resembling in a general way the so-

called olfactory cones of the antenne (fig. 59). The fibrillated

structure is still more apparent than in those organs, and the

neural connections are very evident. They are also much shorter

and proportionally broader than the antennal cones, have

thicker walls, and a more evidently hollow apex, the wall there

being exceedingly thin. The size is very variable.

There is no inherent improbability in the idea that these are

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., [X, Oct., 1895—2

18 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

also olfactory organs. They would enable the animal to detect

substances suitable for food, being always near the ground, and

directly in front of the mouth. They are found in all Chilog-

natha, but in Craspedosomatidz are best developed. They are

not so muca as usual confined to the apices of the structures on

which they are placed, occupying nearly the whole lateral edge

of the exterior process of the stipes.

2. The interior Cone of the Lingual Lobes.—This is larger and

longer than the others, directed mesad and somewhat curved in

that direction. It is sharp-pointed and apparently of homo-

geneous structure, no lumen being apparent. Its special fune-

tion, if any, must be different from that of the other cones.

3. The Styliform Processes.—Near the anterior-interior corner

of the lingual lamina is a peculiar, usually more or less tri- or

quadri-dentate structure apparently consisting of a solid piece of

chitin. This does not appear to exist in the other described

families of diplopods, except in some Polydesmide (e. g., Scyto-

notus). We have no notion of any purpose it could serve.

4. The Bristles of the Gnathochilarium.—On the lower surface

and lateral edges of the gnathochilarium are a few hairs of greater

size than the others, and with enlarged bases. They are probably

tactile in function.

5. Probable Taste-pits.—The chitinous covering of the lingual

lobe is on the superior side extended backward over the ends of

the lingual lamine. This extension consists of a chitinous rim

enclosing an oval space covered by a transparent membrane in

which are scattered numerous pits, each surrounded by a chitinous

ring. These are shown in fig. 62 as they appear in Conotyla

jischerv.

V.—The Dorsal Sete.

These structures characteristic of the family are of transparent

chitin, narrowly conic, with an enlarged base which fits into the

socket of the setigerous tubercle. Sections show that the setz

are hollow, and that the chitinous exo-skeleton is interrupted by

an aperture in the middle of the socket.

The median pair of sete of the last segment are different from

the others in that there is a more broadly conic base tipped with

a slender hair. The function of these may be different from that

of the others, though what the function of either can be is hard

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 19

to conjecture, unless they are spinning organs, as suggested in

another place. :

In common with Polydesmide the anal valves of this family

are provided with slender bristles, but there are always three pairs

instead of two, the constant number in Polydesmide.

The preanal scale has two slender bristles, as in Polydesmide.

These are of the same form as those of the anal valves, have en-

larged bases and may prove .to be tactile organs; at least this

would be a reasonable inference in case neural connection can be

proven.

VI.—Legs.

The legs are increasinglythirsute distad, some of the hairs being

especiaily long and with enlarged bases, perhaps tactile organs.

On the inner edge of the last joint of the first and sometimes of

the second legs is a pectinate row of stout hairs or bristles; it may

be these are of use in feeding or in cleaning the face and antenne.

The first legs have the claw large, and two distinct supple-

mentary claws. The other legs usually have one supplementary

claw. The other structures of the legs are more properly to .be

noticed under the head of sexual characters.

On the claw of all the legs of Conotyla fischeri is a peculiar

hair, which we have not found on other species. The hair in

question rises from the inferior groove about midway between

base and apex, and lies closely appressed to the claw, beyond

which it extends as an exceedingly fine, frequently flexuous fila-

ment, needing careful observation to be seen with a quarter-inch

objective. When the animal is walking this hair necessarily

comes first in contact with the ground and seems conveniently

located for a tactile organ. It appears very remarkable that the

other species have no similar structure, but a careful search has

failed to find it.

VII.—Secondary Sexual Characters.

These are, as in other families of Diplopoda mostly confined to

modifications of the anterior male legs. We give here a list of

such modifications, not including those of the ninth male legs

which are described under the different genera and species.

1. Body of.males stouter and broader, especially segments six

and seven, than that of females. This is not always noticeable,

but is very evident in Cleidogona.

20 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

2. Second legs strongly crassate, a character appearing only in

Underwoodia.

3. Second legs abnormally slender: Caseya.

4. Coxe of second legs with a conic process: Zygonopus, or

with a long curved or hamate process: Caseya, Underwoodia.

5. Third joint of second legs with a cushion-like bunch covered

with conic processes : Conotyla. .

6. Third joint of second legs tuberculate on ventral face: Caseya.

7: Last joint of second legs with a pectinate row of stout hairs

on the inner edge: Conotyla, Cleidogona, and probably the other

related genera.

8. Claw of second legs very small, much exceeded by a tuft of

long flexuous hairs : Underwoodia.

9. Legs 3-7 strongly crassate: Trichopetalum, less so in mos

of the other genera.

10. Coxe of third legs produced into a rounded prominence

with a tuft of hairs at apex: Caseya, Underwoodia.

11. Third joint of third legs much crassate: Underwoodia.

12. Last joint of third and many succeeding legs with the ven-

tral face hispid with fine bayonet-like spines: Conotyla, Clei-

dogona, Pseudotremia.

13. Fourth joint of fourth and fifth legs with a cushion-like

bunch covered with conic tubercles : Conotyla.

14. Sixth legs with coxa somewhat enlarged, and with a tuft of

long hairs: Caseya.

15. Sixth legs strongly crassate: Zygonopus.

16. Seventh legs with coxa greatly enlarged, bearing a conic

process and tufts of hairs: Caseya.

17. Coxe of seventh legs with a large tuberculate bunch on the

posterior side: Conotyla (figs. 70 and 73).

18. Fourth joint of seventh leg with a proximally directed,

apically quadridentate process: Conotyla fischeri (figs. 70 and

fae). :

19. Tenth and eleventh legs with the cox perforate: Cleido-

gona, Pseudotremia, Conotyla. Sometimes a shapeless mass of

membrane or hardened secretion projects from the aperture ;

perhaps this is what is described by Latzel as a wart-like process

in Kuropean Chordeumide.

20. Coxe of tenth male leg greatly enlarged and with a distal

aperture: Caseya, Underwoodia (figs. 185, 210, 211). In Ca-

The Craspedosomatidze of North America. 21

seya there is a rounded projection from the rim of the opening,

on the posterior side.

21. Coxee of eleventh leg with a large conic process: Pseudo-

tremia, Cleidogona. In Pseudotremia the process projects from

near the base of the coxa, in Cleidogona from the middle or above.

22. Eleventh and twelfth legs with coxa prominent, tuberculate :

Conotyla.

23. EHleventh legs with third joint proximally produced into a

large, somewhat curved process: Conotyla.

24, Kleventh and twelfth, and probably the succeeding legs, tu-

berculate on the third and fourth joints: Caseya.

25. Pedigerous lamina of twelfth legs with a large conic pro-

cess directed cephalad: Cleidogona Conotyla, Pseudotremia.

In addition there should be noted an aperture near the distal

end of the second joint of the ninth legs of Cleidogona In-

side the joint may be traced a duct or gland running nearly its

whole length. In one mounted specimen this is filled with air

and shows very clearly, also very numerous minute tubes opening

into it. The opening is on the ventral face of the joint, under the

base of the third joint, which is flexed upon the second. In the

specimen mentioned an irregular mass, probably a secretion har-

dened by alcohol, lies in the aperture.

CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY.

As nothing purporting to be a complete description of the

present family has ever appeared in English, we offer the follow-

ing attempt at supplying the deficiency, although future study

will probably necessitate amendments.

Family CRASPEDOSOMATID& Gray.

Todd’s Cyel. III., p. 546 (1842).

Chordeumidz, C. L. Koch, and many recent authors.

Lysiopetalide (pro parte majore) of Cope, Ryder and Packard.

Body moderately elongate or slender, depressed, convex or cylindric, sub-

fusiform, capable of being spirally coiled.

Head larger and broader than the first segment, which fits into a concavity

of the head instead of covering the hind portion of it as in Iulide.

Eyes usually well-developed, of numerous (10-30) ocelli arranged in defi-

nite patches; entirely wanting in certain cave forms.

22 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Antennz remote at base, generally elongate, third and fifth joints longest,

eighth joint with four olfactory cones.

Mandibles with 8-12 pectinate lamelle, a molar tooth, a dentate lamella,

and a masticatory plate. The stipe has a distinct cardo; exposed surface of

stipe (buccal area) very large and prominent, convex, not areate.

Gnathochilarium with stipes separate, cardo small; in front the two coni-

ferous processes common to Chilognaths.

Mentum entire, trapeziform, large.

Promentum evident, triangular, included between the bases of the lingual

laminze, or nearly obsolete.

Lingual laminz rather long, distinct, anteriorly with or without a denticu-

late lobe, posteriorly separated by the promentum.

Median lobe well-developed, with a longer or shorter usually tridentate

process on each side.

First segment slightly longer, but otherwise smaller than the second.

Segments laterally strongly, moderately or not all carinate; the dorsal face

of each provided with six bristles, sometimes rudimentary and very minute,

more or less arranged in a transverse row; each bristle usually located upon a

smaller or larger tubercle; surface otherwise smooth or roughened with tuber-

cles not setigerous.

Repugnatorial pores wanting.

Pedigerous laminee all free; pleura completely coalesced with scuta.

First, second, fourth and antepenultimate segments each bearing one pair

of legs, the third and last two footless.

Anal segment obtuse or broadly truncate, with two pupille at apex, each

ending in a long, slender bristle.

Legs seven-jointed, generally long, the third, fourth and last joints longest.

In males any of the legs of the first eight seements are subject to more or

less modification.

Genital opening of males in the coxee of the second pair of legs, as in Poly-

desmidee.

Number of segments, 26, 28, or 30, in adults; in young 28, 26, 23, 19, 15,

12, younger stages unknown.

Distribution: Europe, North America, Northern Asia and

Northern Africa.

The scarcity of individuals of this family, the small size of the

animals, and the fact that few localities outside of Hurope and

North America have been thoroughly searched, leave it entirely

probable that the above distribution will be extended to the

mountain regions of Central and South America and Asia. One

species is known from the mountains of Mexico. It is a signifi-

cant fact that not a single form has been reported from the tropi-

cal regions, and the writers are confidant, after repeated and care-

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 23

ful searches, that the family is not represented in Liberia and the

neighboring Huropean colonies of the west coast of Africa.*

The above is substantially the same characterization of this fam-

ily as that given by Latzel, with a few deviations, two of which are

noteworthy. The first is that we credit all Craspedosomatide with

six bristles to a segment, and the other that we give the number

of segments as sometimes 26 and 28, changes which we will later

on attempt to justify. The following additional description will

apply to all the American species known to us and included in

this paper. It has been our intention to omit from it no char-

acter common to all the species, no matter how unimportant any

might seem to be, and for the sake of brevity, characters given

here will not be repeated in generic and specific descriptions.

We consider it probable that most of the statements will be

found true, except where noted, for all Craspedosomatide, but as

many of them have to former writers seemed too unimportant to

be included in family descriptions, and others have not been previ-

ously recorded at all, it seemed the part cf caution not to com-

bine them with the preceding description made to accommodate

the Huropean forms, and modified only enough to admit the

American. ji

Body moderately elongate, about ten times as long as its greatest transverse

diameter; posteriorly laterally compressed (except Branneria), giving an oval

cross-section with dorso-ventral diameter greatest.

Vertex smooth, prominent, broadly and sub-angulately emarginate poster-~

iorly, sparsely hirsute with hairs of moderate length; a short, fine, median

sulcus and suture on the posterior portion ending at the point of greatest

elevation.

Clypeus not distinct from the vertex by an apparent suture,f rather flat;

lower part more hirsute, and with an elevated transverse ridge just above the

labrum.

Labrum rather long, somewhat decurved, as least as broad as the lower part

of the clypeus; corners broadly rounded, the emargination rather shallow.

There are two transverse rows of setigerous punctations as is usual in Iulide,

the upper row containing four and the lower ten punctations. ~The lateral

bristles of the upper row are farther from the median than the latter are from

each other; lower row interrupted behind the emargination.

* After the above was written Mr. Pocock published his new genus Heter-

ochordeuma from the mountains of Burmah, and we became acquainted with

the description of a New Zealand species of the family, Craspedosoma trisetosum

Hutton (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 4, Vol. xx., p. 116, Aug. 1887.

{ Differing in this from most Inlidz and Polydesmide.

24 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Antenne filiform or sub-clavate, moderately pilose, the hairs increasing in

length and number on the distal joints. Seventh joint of antennz with a

conic-mamillate sense-organ tipped with a long fine hair. Mandibulary stipe

with the exposed surface smooth, more or less hirsute with short hairs.

Hypostoma apparently not a part of the gnathochilarium, in the sense of

having any intimate connection with that structure. In all the species ex-

amined it appears as a chitinized ridge around the ventral side of the slender

neck of the animal.*

The stipes of the gnathochilarium are produced posteriorly far beyond the

menturn and embrace the sides of the neck, which lies in the sinus thus

formed behind (above) the mentum.

First segment semi-circular to broadly reniform in front; nearly straight

behind, except for a broad, shallow emargination in the middle; anterior mar-

gin and lateral angles with a fine raised edge; three setze on each side; sur-

face smooth.

Subsequent segment: with three sete on each side, one close to the pos-

terior angle of the lateral carina, the second slightly farther from the anterior

angle, the third about midway from the carina to the median line. On pos-

terior segments the arrangement tends toward a straight transverse line, and

the sete are longer than on anterior segments. Beginning at the middle of the

first segment and ending on the penultimate segment is a fine longitudinal

sulcus, or rather a pair of sulci with a very fine raised line between (not ap-

parent in Branneria). The surface of the segments, when not otherwise

roughened, is finely reticulate, the pattern of the reticulation varying on dif-

ferent species and different parts of the body. When carinz and tubercles

are present the exo-skeleton is scarcely thickened, the body cavity extending —

out into all prominences.

Supplementary margin not evident.

Anal segment without median furrow, truncate behind or with a broad

shallow emargination; broadly sinuate on the sides. On this segment there

are eight setigerous tubercles, two located near the middle of the dorsal sur-

face of the segment, the other six near the posterior margin, one on each side

by the sinuation, one at each corner of the emargination, and two near the

median line, these last with thickened, conic or papilliform bases.

Anal valves not strongly convex, more prominent above the middle, each

with three setze close to the margin.

Preanal scale semi-elliptical, broader than long, proved truncate posteri-

orly, with two long bristles directed backward.

Pedigerous laminze medianly produced into a conic process which lies be-

tween the approximated coxee, and has its anterior face exposed. This ex-

* Judging from the present family it would not be an antecedently improb-

able theory to regard the hypostoma as the ventral part of the first segment. In

that case it would not be necessary to consider the third segment footless, but

to suppose that the ventral plates of the second and third segments have been

crowded somewhat ahead. This also accords with the opinion of Heathcote,

the result of a study of the embryology of Iulus.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 25

posed face may be smooth or roughened, plane or with a longitudinal carina.

On the 12th legs of males of some species the apex projects antero-ventrally

as a large conic process.

First two pairs of legs 6-jointed, the others 7- pened, by the intercalation

of a very short joint just beyond the coxa.

As the species here described have usually been placed under

the Lysiopetalide by American students of this group, it may

not be superfluous to notice a few considerations regarding the

systematic importance of the characters on which this family is

based.

The Family Chordeumidz was erected in 1847 by C. L. Koch,

his entire characterization being: “ Der Korper standhaft mit 30

Ringen,” and this would be sufficient, as far as known, to distin-

guish the European species among Chilognatha. Mature individ-

uals of certain small species of Lulide sometimes occur with as low

as 30 segments, but in no Iulus is the number of segments con-

stant. We have, however, in America at least four species of

Craspedosomatide with less than 30 segments in the mature con-

dition, a fact which might seem to militate against the validity

of the family.

The number of segments, however, though appearing to be a

character of considerable value on account of its supposed con-

stancy, is by no’ means the most important of the numerous

differences between this and other families. The more import-

ant distinctions have been neglected entirely or passed with a

mere mention because of the easy statement of which the above

apparently sufficient character was capable. In many respects

the Chordeumide are evidently the highest of the helminthomor-

phous Diplopoda, if not of the whole group.

In the first place, the head is proportionally much larger than

in any other diplopod family. Instead of being enclosed or cov-

ered by the first segment, this last structure forms a sort of neck,

fitting into the posterior concavity of the head, and allowing a

much freer motion for that member than is possible for other

Diplopoda. All the organs connected with the head are in a

comparatively high state of development. The eyes, antenne and

mandibles are all capable of more effective service than the cor-

responding structures of other families.

The legs are proportionally longer and the animals capable of

faster locomotion. This fact is correlated with the absence of re-

26 The Craspedosomatidx of North America.

pugnatorial pores as a means of defense. There is no reason for

supposing that the members of this family have or ever had any

thing like repugnatoral pores, notwithstanding such statements

as “Annuli with two pores on each side of the median line.—

Pseudotremia,”* and the characterization found in some of

the more careful European works ‘“ Repugnatorial pores obso-

lete,” or “ repugnatorial pores evanescent.” In the one case the

the sockets of the lateral setze have been taken for pores, while in

the other there has been an unwillingness to say “‘ pores want-

ing,” on account of their constant presence in other families.

The six setigerous tubercles of each segment are perhaps the

most distinctive family character. In some species the setz or

tubercles or both are microscopic and rudimentary, but this only

shows the tenacity of the character, as in no other recent family

are there similar bristles.

In common with the Lysiopetalide the pedigerous laminz are

all distinct from the otherwise complete segmental rings.

It seems to us that the combination of these last three charac-

ters, want of repugnatorial pores, six setz or spines, and the free

pedal lamine is sufficient ground for the opinion that the Cras-

pedosomatide have of all living Diplopoda the greatest resem-

blance to the carboniferous group Archipolypoda. .

That the relationship is very close we do not contend, but

merely that the similarities are greater than in other recent forms

and are not merely apparent but real. ;

The spines of existing Chordeumide are insignificant in size

when compared with those of some of the fossil genera, such as

Acantherpestes, but are the same in number, arrangement and

method of attachment to the segments, 7. e., they stand in socket-

like bases. Moreover there were other carboniferous forms

which had bristles proportionally not much, if any, larger than

those of Trichopetalum and Scoterpes, and of the same shape.

Other minor characters reinforce the above view, such as the

large size of the head, prominent eyes, fusiform, somewhat flat-

tened body and long legs.

That Chordeumidz were probably more abundant in former

geologic periods is seen from the fact that a considerable number

* Dr. Cope informed me recently that this statement was the result of acci-

dent by which the words ‘‘Spirostrephon’’ and ‘‘ Pseudotremia ’’ were substi-

tuted for each other. [O. F. C.]

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 27

of species have been described from the Baltic amber. They are

at present probably among the least numerous as far as individ-

uals of each species are concerned. North America is perhaps

to be looked upon as the headquarters of the family, on account

of the comparatively large number of generic types, though the

number of new forms yet to be discovered in Europe is probably

very great.

If the Craspedosomatidee dre the highest, in certain senses at

least, and at once the most primitive of recent Diplopoda, it fol-

lows that the other families are to be looked upon as comparatively

degraded, even if more complex, as in the addition of the repug-

natorial apparatus.

GENERIC CLASSIFICATION.

The more recent European writers have seemed inclined to in-

clude all the previously described American genera, except

Pseudotremia, under the Huropean genera Oraspedosoma and

Chordeuma. Pseudotremia was kept distinct mainly on account

of the misapprehension that it had no dorsal sete. From defer-

ence to the usually more thorough methods of the European in-

vestigators we began our study with somewhat of an expectation

of the probable correctness of their view, which we still think

was more or less justified by the incompleteness of American de-

scriptions. We were soon convinced, however, that among the

American forms are natural and compact groups of species merit-

ing generic recognition. Between the species of such groups the

characters of the antenne, eyes, body-segments, gnathochilarium,

legs and genitalia agree in indicating close affinities. Especially

valuable, by reason of their constancy and ease of expression, are

the characters of the ninth* legs of the males, and differences in

these have always been reinforced by those drawn from other

parts of the body. That these secondary sexual characters have

not had their importance generally recognized in classification

is no reason why they should not now be made available, and

* These have been referred to by Packard and others as the eighth legs, while

Latzel considers them a part of the genitalia and does not count them. We

believe it will be found more convenient to think of the eighth legs as re-

placed by the genitalia, and thus keep the numbers of legs and segments uni-

form in the sexes.

Oe” ae

Bais et

rue

28 The Craspedosomatidx of North America.

we helieve they are worthy of being put forward as the most

satisfactory yet suggested.

Synopsis of Genera.

INVES: PLCSOMb sche. soacescadesnedenegeideescesiicsenceeadesnses ves 4 cateste, eee ee

A :

WATE Oe again en tea iscrte eel ssomaioe seticeeeeeoner eects Ssislee « oles sleet Cc

B \ Segments 26, with numerous dorsal carinee.................... Branneria

QB OL BOs accnes claws as See chbadesseisiclamansshiecieve sees esac Cee ee eee D

C ( Sixth male legs crassate, the ninth unarmed.................... Zygonopus

r normal, claw of ninth large..............:020060 Scoterpes

D { Ninth male legs 2-jointed, without claw...........-:6..-:+2-seeecseeeeeeeeecneees E

” 4-5-joimted, with a @law.......-.<-..c.+4-<e eee F

E { Third male legs with coxse produced..............s.eseeeeeeessssereeeeeeeeeeeeeeees G

fe MOPIMAL 936 0s cise cae cence naicesncerss aecetesses ess se eee eee H

Ninth male legs embracing a bifid plate; dorsum granular.

F Pseudotremia

( without plate; not gramular................02.scceceeeeeeeeees iE

G Second male legs strongly crassate; seventh legs normal.. Underwoodia

very slender; coxee of seventh enlarged........... Caseya.

H Last joint of male legs hispid; segments 30....................000 Conotyla

not hispid; segments 28....... Trichopetalum

Ninth male legs distally clavate; second joint slender ........ Bactropus

hamate; second joint robust................+ Cleidogona

The presence or absence of eyes may not, of itself, be a suffi-

cient generic character, as Latzel has said, though it certainly

shows considerable divergence. In the preceding table this char-

acter is used merely as a convenient means of separation; the

other features we believe to be of diagnostic value. ‘

The external differences between the genera are not inconsider-

able and it is possible to separate them without dissection. To

facilitate this we add a key in which mere external characters are

employed. That new forms will soon be discovered which will

interfere with the continued utility of these keys, we can but

expect.

Artificial Key to Genera.

} BiveS) PReS@Mb.es.coc coe ce leh cei elocMausied slo mmicecitemiale ole elise soe bist ie Sana Rle meats ee eeeetetet B.

A i

WANING. Sa ce te aes Wei sklenincbensadtanttnanadae mislodaadlebuslaes ddlestecu eeeleaeae ented Cc

r Dorsum rough with numerous carine or granules........ REPRE RSEE ass nobiic D

} smooth, except the six setigerous tubercles ....................000.00+ E.

Sixth male legs crassate; the ninth unarmed................... Zygonopus

~ } normal, claw ofminth) large.:..<cic.cssaecceeseeeeor seeeriedesee Scoterpes.

D \ Length 6 mm.; segments 26; dorsum carinate.................. Branneria

| 18-30 mm.; segments 30; granulate................ Pseudotremia

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 29

MHC IEG OMIM reset emcecteacaccee smaetacs Makin sent is Sokcietecemccgsessdreasevad ses EF

B 114. 25 TAIT 64d conabab ob oede OHO SBE OSDOSRBOC OSHS CAOAU EU SE SHEE SE Ore aur oS nerer ave G

Fr Setz long; carinz large; segments 28..................... Trichopetalum

short; carinze small; segments 30................:ccceeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeneeeees H

G Carinze large; body outline serrate YE SABE ee An Aba UE aR Conotyla

TMCOMSPICUOWS OL WAMGING. oe caascesessiccesecsceceacsoscecssnecese=ceene I

Weellie 27 canimee LOUNGE ae nese. easeseeae se. PE Rte Ne ee Bactropus

ha BEM CATIMCS StRselOWWNAc.: see yere canter ecscesecesecoeceses Underwoodia

Sixth and seventh antennal joints equal, slender.............. Cleidogona

x | twice as long as seventh, stout; body striate.... .............. Caseya

To judge from the works of Latzel, Haase and Verhoeff, there

are also among the European Craspedosomatide groups of species

agreeing in secondary sexual characters, but there seems to have

been no attempt at an arrangement based on homologies of this

sort. We notice after the descriptions of the American forms

the more striking of this class of characters as exhibited in the

Kuropean genera and species, the generic descriptions being ar-

ranged on lines parallel with those previously given.

Dr. John A. Ryder was the first to use such characters as

a basis of generic distinction. In describing Zygonopus he calls

attention to the recognized importance of sexual characters in

the generic classification of other groups, notably Crustacea, and

affirms their availability in the Myriapoda.

In the Polydesmide the ninth male legs are unmodified, while in’

Craspedosomatidze we have a series of gradations from the five-

jointed down to a nearly or quite complete transformation into com-

plex genitalapparatus. In America are found the first members of

the series, from five-jointed to two-jointed, while the others are

found in Europe. It may be that in the European forms these

legs have so completely taken on the function of genitalia as to

be more susceptible of specific modification and are not of so

much value in generic distinction; in the American forms, at

least, they seem worthy of all the weight given to rudimentary

and secondary sexual characters. Among the species. already

known the form of the ninth male legs is so constant an index of

a whole complex of characters of other kinds that it is possible to

distinguish the genera by them alone, as in the following table :—

i NTE MeMiahe legs 4s Or = FOUMbEC ate ase ses iees ces ee svicens/acie's bia ciedemoste vn sup sneise B

Z=VOMMbS Crease uacioe ceniese see ue ceatlbles eb ci a ols nw slsielsleeiclet veleidie eiscisiee(eise C

R First and second joints thick, subequal in size................. Cleidogona

very large, the second cylindrical, slender........................0ses0ee- D

30 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

C Second joint rounded oval, basal joint flask-shaped...............csssseeeeeees E

much longer than wide, the first not attenate.................. F

D } Third and fourth joints subequal, narrow...............++- Pseudotremia

much longer than fourth, thicker than second............. Bactropus

E First joint gradually attenuate distad.................:eee00 Underwoodia

distally broader, notched and toothed....................+ Caseya

r Second joint with a small chitinous knob, genitalia simple.................. G

smooth ; the first attached to posterior genitalia. ... Conotyla

G ) Second joint clavate; eyes present; segments 28........ Trichopetalum

obclavate; eyes wanting; segments 30........... Zysonopus

It should be remembered, however, that these genera rest on

other characters, and that for the present, at least, the ninth legs

are not a necessity to the generic classification here adopted.

American species of this family have been referred to the fol-

lowing genera not here recognized as valid or as properly ap-

plied. It may be worth while to notice briefly the different rea-

sons for such treatment.

Spirostrephon, Brandt (1840) was erected to contain Lysio-

petalum lactartum (Say), then looked upon as one of the Iulide.

To use the name for species distinct from lactarium by differ-

ences of family importance was entirely unjustifiable.

Campodes of C. L. Koch (1847), was referred to this family by

its author, and was not heard from afterward until Mr. Bollman

identified Cryptotrichus cesioannulatus (Wood) Packard with it.

It was clear to us on reading Koch’s description with specimens

of cesioannulatus in hand that the description could not possi-

bly apply to that species, and the idea suggested itself that

Koch’s description portrayed an animal astonishingly similar to

Iulus virgatus Wood. On comparing specimens of that species

we found the agreement with the description to be complete,

down to the smallest detail mentioned. Both the varieties of

coloration which Koch described as species are also common, so

that the two can be united. Koch’s specific name (1847) ante-

dates that of Wood (1864), and the species must stand as Julus

flavicornis (Koch). The genus Campodes never had any reason

for its existence, and can be dismissed from the subject. It

might be well to add that we have found sexually mature J. flavi-

cornis with 30 segments. This species seems to be very nearly

allied to the European JI. pusillus Leach, described long before

the time of Koch, but with which he did appear to be familiar.

Craspedosoma of Leach and Rawlins (1814), is the oldest genus

of the family and contains a considerable number of European spe-

The Craspedosomatidz of North America. 31

cies, but none of these seem to have the second pair of feet of the

seventh segment with more than one joint, a club-shaped, perpen-

dicular structure, thus differing distinctly from the more closely

allied of the American genera: Conotyla, Trichopetalum, Sco-

terpes and Zygonopus.

Chordeuma, C. L. Koch. Latzel suggested the possibility that

Trichopetalum juloides Harger would be placed here. Charac-

ters drawn from the genitalia, gnathochilarium and secondary

sexual characters give ample reason for holding the American

form distinct and erecting a new genus for its reception.

Striaria has been recognized as the type of a distinct family.

Cryptotriclius Packard, is replaced by Cleidogona.

In Austro-Hungary are found two genera of Craspedosomatidz

with broad lateral carinz, Atractostoma closely resembling the

Polydesmidz, and Rhiscosoma the Polyzonide. Latzel failed to

find bristles on an immature specimen of Rhiscosoma, but as

other individuals referred to the same species had bristles we

have not lost confidence that the bristles are universal in Chor-

deumidz, more especially since finding them on Pseudotremia

where Latzel asserted their non-existence.

Humbert and Saussure * proposed to include all the species of

this family as here constituted under Craspedosoma, divided into

two subgenera, Craspedosoma, in a stricter sense, and Chordeuma,

alleging that in Craspedosoma there is a promentum distinct

from the mentum, while in Chordeuma the mentum is entire, and

rounded anteriorly. Latzel takes no notice of this distinction,

and does not describe or figure the gnathochilarium of the only

‘species, Chordeuma sylvestre Koch, leaving the implication, how-

ever, that there is no important difference in this respect, since

the family description states that the promentum is ‘“ deutlich

entwickelt, dreieckig.”

Meinert united Craspedosoma with Polydesmus, but his reasons

for so doing do not seem to include a knowledge of the more

fundamental relationship, and were matters of generic descriptions

based on external characters.

Dissection is an absolute necessity in studying the genitalia of

the smaller forms, and the greatest caution must be exercised,

for the different views of the same irregularly shaped genitalium

will look like entirely different structures. The small size of the

* Etudes sur les Myriapodes, p. 59.

32 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

members of this family makes the study and preservation of the

dissected parts difficult unless they are mounted on microscopic

shdes. This method has the further advantage of allowing corre-

sponding parts to be viewed at the same angle, so that fictitious

differences are not multiplied. Some genitalia are, however, so

irregular in shape as to make it difficult to determine a species

from one drawing alone. Descriptions of genitalia are nearly

worthless without diagrams to aid in their interpretation.

In describing the antennz we have adopted the form of a con-

tinued ratio for showing the comparative lengths of the joints.

The third joint, the longest, is taken as the standard, and given

the value 10, thus the ratio of each joint to any other can be

readily seen.

We have not attempted to describe the immature stages of the

species, since the material was not collected with a view to such

study. Young individuals of this family are less commonly

found than in the others, and are usually so delicate as to need

special care in preservation. Such observations as we have been

able to make have been entirely in the line of those of Latzel.

In the direction of describing forms and varieties we have done

equally little. This is partly due to the fact that our material

has been neither fresh nor very extensive, so that variations of

color and external characters have not been seen to advantage.

It is also due in part to the fact that we consider that in Diplo-

poda, as in Arachnida and Crustacea a different plan of male

genitalia is to be looked upon as of specific importance. There

is not in the habits and habitats of the Diplopoda apparent reason

for the multiplication of external differences, but the differences

of genitalia and secondary sexual characters are not therefore less

important when they occur, but rather more so. Until we have

a recognized criterion of what a species is, the matter of specific

classification must remain largely a question of convenience.

The characters of the genitalia indubitably have important bear-

ing on the question of specific distinctness. The ultimate value

of every difference, as a means of specific definition must of neces-

sity be settled by ascertaining the constancy of the particular

character in the forms to be separated. As a practical method

we have proceeded on the assumption that species with evident

and readily assignable differences in the genitalia should be con-

sidered distinct until the differences are shown not to be constant.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 33

BRANNERIA Bollman, 1893.

Bulletin No. 46, U. 8. Nat. Museum, p. 158.

Eyes of numerous (16) ocelli arranged in triangular patches.

Antenne of moderate length, subclavate.

Segments depressed, with prominent lateral carinze; dorsally with numer-

ous longitudinal carinz.

Male genitalia complex.

Segments of adult 26.

We have seen four specimens of this genus, one being a mature

male, but dissection was not attempted, owing to scarcity of ma-

terial and small size.

This genus does not appear to be closely related to any other,

the sculpture of the dorsal surface being unique in the present

family, as is also the small number of segments. This last pecu-

liarity is the more interesting from the fact that European writers

have insisted that the number of segments in this family is always

30, refusing to believe the statements of American writers to the

effect that a less number occurs.

The mature male is in the collection of the University of Indi-

ana, and we did not have opportunity of making drawings or a

description of the genitalia. We were, however, able to assure

ourselves that their complexity equals or exceeds that of any

other species known to us.

Branneria carinata (Bollm.).

Craspedosoma carinatum Bollman: Ann. N. Y. Acad. IV., 109 (1888) ;

Bulletin 46, U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 83; 158.

Eyes triangular, ocelli 16, without regular arrangement.

Antenne large in proportion to the size of the animal, subclavate, the two

distal joints being equal in length, while the fifth and fourth are subequal,

each about twice the length of the seventh. Sixth joint thickest, .14 mm. in

diameter.

First segment semicircular, anteriorly rugulose and with irregular depres-

sions; along the posterior edge a row of longitudinal ridges; in front of these

are several similar ridges not arranged in a regular transverse series, and

not placed with regularity in front of those of the posterior row. A setigerous

tubercle situated at the posterior angle; another about midway between the

anterior and posterior margins, a little closer to the median line than to the

lateral corner; a third tubercle midway between the other two. Setz .1 mm.

long, slender, tapering.

Subsequent segments with the anterior subsegment covered with short,

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, Oct., 1895.—3

34 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

rather irregular, longitudinal, subreticulate ridges; posterior portion an-

teriorly slightly rugulose, also finely reticulate, the reticulation extending over

the entire posterior portion of the segment; on the posterior margin is a row

of ridges similar to those of the first segment. Cephalad of these are also

irregular ridges which are sometimes in a somewhat definite series and occas-

ionally joined to those of the posterior row. Lateral carinze well developed,

the carinze and lateral surface evidently reticulate. The three tubercles are

situated, one at the posterior angle of the lateral carinz, the second at the an-

terior origin of the carina, the third between the anterior and posterior sub-

segments and about midway between the median line and the lateral carina.

On posterior segments the tubercles come to be arranged in a straight line, as

is usual in the other species of the family. Dorsal line not evident.

Anal segment rugulose, posteriorly nearly straight, not produced to cover

the anal valves. A tubercle on each side close to the median line, near the

middle of the segment.

Anal valves margined, rugulose.

Preanal scale, broadly and deeply emarginate; on each side of the emargina-

tion is a long, posteriorly directed bristle.

Length 2mm.; width .4mm. 26 segments.

Color horn-brown, the feet paler and the antennz darker than the body.

Habitat: Beaver Creek, Jefferson Co., Tenn., Prof. J. C.

Branner; Little Rock, Ark., Mr. C. H. Bollman, U. 8S. Nat.

Museum, No. 164. .

The head is proportionally smaller in this species than in the

others known to us. The small size, fewer segments and poly-

desmoid characters seem to indicate a depauperate form.

The pair of large terminal spines with papillate bases were not

present, but it is probable that they had been broken off. The

small size of the animal makes it impossible to distinguish their

soekets.

By “lateral plates distinct ” Mr. Bollman probably intended to

imply that the lateral carinz are evident. There is nothing sug-

gestive of the distinct pleurz of the Glomeride.

PSEUDOTREMEA Cope, 1869.

Journ. Am. Philos. Soc., XI, p. 179. .

Eyes moderately developed, of numerous (13-27) ocelli arranged in irregu

lar patches.

Antenne very long and slender, third joint longest.

Mandibles with 12 pectinate lamelle.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments with swollen, shoulder-like carinze, the lateral surface longitudi-

nally striate, the dorsal uneven with rounded tubercles; setz short, clavate.

Bae

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 35

First two pairs of legs of male short and slender, the next five pairs longer

and much crassate.

Anterior male legs hispid on the interior face of the last joint.

Ninth pair of legs of male four-jointed and clawed, the basal joint large and

thick, inferiorly deeply sinuate; second joint slender, cylindrical; distal joints

short, the apical conic. The basal joints embrace a bifid lamina (see fig. 6).

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with large coxal apertures; the cox of

the eleventh legs with a conical process at base.

Pedigerous laminze with a vertical carina. Segments of adult 30.

The two known species of this genus inhabit caves, and have

been collected in Virginia, Kentucky and Indiana. They are not,

however, to be looked upon as cave animals in the strictest sense

of the word, as they are provided with eyes. The eyes are less

numerous and less prominent than in the other large species, and

seem sometimes not to be fully pigmented. That the number has

been reduced by cave life is an unsafe inference. The Polydes-

midz,have no eyes and yet very few are cave species.

The legs and antennez are proportionally the longest of any

Diplopoda known to us. That this is due to cave life cannot be

maintained, for such thoroughly cavernicolous species as Sco-

terpes copet and Zygonopus whiter do not have longer antenne

than some of the open-air forms.

The proximal three or four pectinate lamelle of P. cavernarum

have the apices of the spines bifid. We have not made suffici-

ently numerous dissections to be confident that this is a constant

character, but its occurrence is certainly worthy of note, for such |

a condition does not seem to have been recorded.

The sculpture of the dorsal surface is also characteristic, none

of the subsequent genera being roughened except by very fine

areolation, excepting also, of course, the six setigerous tubercles.

The caring also are somewhat squarer and higher up, making the i

dorsal surface flatter than in other American genera, although

the body as a whole is not depressed.

In a description of this genus, purporting to be drawn from

specimens sent by Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr., Latzel * says: ‘‘ Die 6

Borsten und die zugehorigen Wartzchen fehlen ganz.” The

bristles must have been rubbed off in sending, as is usually the

case, though some of the bristles of the posterior segments can

nearly always be found.

* Myr. d. Ost.-Ung. Mon. Bd. II. pp. 64 and 214,

. "? ‘

36 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Pseudotremia cavernarum Cope.

Pseudotremia cavernarum Cope : lean Philos. Soc., XI, pp. 179 (1869) ;

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., May, 1870, p. 67.

Spirostrephon cavernarum Cope: Am. Nat. VI, 1872, pp 409.

P. cavernarum Cope, Ryder: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. III, 1881, pp. 526; Mc-

Neill, Bull. No. 3, Brookville Soc. pp. 8 (1888); Bollman, Ibid. XI,

1888, pp. 405; Bulletin 46, U.S. N. M., pp. 106.

Body somewhat fusiform, broadest anteriorly at about the fifth or sixth

segment, narrowed abruptly cephalad, and gradually caudad to the last two or

three segments, which are narrowed very abruptly. Carine moderate, situated

above the middle line of side.

Clypeus near the middle with two well-pronounced depressions about the

size of the antennal sockets; below are two smaller depressions subconfluent:

with the others.

Eyes more or less triangular in form, sometimes elongate or lunate, ocelli

varying from 13 to 17, usually 15 or 16, without regularity of arrangement.

Antennee filiform, 4-4.5 mm. long, .18-.22 mm. thick, moderately pilose,

approximate ratio of lengths of joints to each other, beginning with the sey—

enth, 2: 3:8: 6: 10: 4:1:

Mentum subrectangular, twice as broad as long, the anterior and lateral mar-

gins convex, the posterior concave.

Promentum without hairs, triangular, broader than long (8:5), sides nearly

straight, posterior corners not reaching the stipes.

Stipes with base of inner process more than half the length of outer process;

lateral edge of outer process with cones nearly to base.

Lingual lobes subequal to lingual lamineze, with five sense-cones.

Middle lobe nearly square in front, twice as broad as long, subequal to.

lingual laminz.

Styliform process deeply trilobed.

First segment anteriorly nearly semicircular, slightly concave behind,

medianly broadly emarginate. Anterior margin elevated, as well as the

posterior along the emargination. Surface smooth; a fine furrow on each side

of a median ridge, beginning about the middle of the segment and extending

to the posterior margin. On each side three setigerous tubercles, one situated

near the longitudinal middle of the segment near the median line, a second

close to the lateral angle, the third on the posterior edge of the corner. The

lateral bristles measure .2 mm. in length.

Subsequent segments with the posterior subsegment coarsely tuberculate on

its dorsal portion; laterally and ventrally with about 12 longitudinal stria-

tions; the superior striation is the largest, being on the portion of the segment.

laterally most prominent, and is directed obliquely, the posterior end lower

down. Onthe superior edge of the posterior end of the carina is a slight pro-

tuberance bearing a short, clavate bristle; on the anterior edge of the elevated

portion of the posterior subsegment are two similar slight protuberances the

outer of which bears a similar clavate bristle. On the anterior segments the

surface of the median portion of the posterior subsegments is smooth, the

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 37

tubercles being confined to the sides of the dorsal surface; tubercles become

more numerous caudad to about the twentieth segment, where they begin to

be gradually obliterated, so that the last few segments are nearly smooth. On

the other hand, the bristle-bearing tubercles become larger and the bristles

longer on the posterior segments. The tubercles, especially the lateral, are

conical or papiliform, and tipped, especially the lateral and posterior ones,

with a very short seta. The circular, light-colored bases of the other clavate

or long setze distinguish them at once from ordinary tubercles. On posterior

segments the six bristle-bearing protuberances become more and more arranged

in a straight transverse row. ‘The fine median ridge located in a shallow fur-

row is continued from the first segment to the penultimate.

In males the sixth and seventh segments are noticeably larger than the

others, being both longer and broader.

Anal segment with surface smooth, very slightly hirsute with short ee

Posterior margin deflexed, squarely notched in the middle, deeply sinuate on

the sides. On each angle of the emargination is a setigerous tubercle.

Anal valves margined, slightly rugulose, the ridges running oblique to the

anal opening, three setigerous tubercles at intervals, near the inner margins

of the valves.

First pair of legs of male six-jointed, the joints, beginning with the coxa,

respectively, .20, .06, .50, .20, .16, and .60 mm. long; width of third joint .14

mm. The joints are not specially modified, nor roughened except by sparse

hairs. ‘Two small superior secondary claws.

‘Second legs of male also six-jointed, the joints, excepting coxa, measuring

.08, .50, .22, .16, and .60 mm. long; third joint .16 mm. wide.

Third legs of male seven-jointed, as are all the others (except the ninth),

joints measuring .30, .08, .40, .60, .26, .20 and .64 mm. in length; width of

first joint .40 mm. ‘The seventh joint has the distal part of the inferior sur-

face beset with fine bayonet-like processes, as described for Conotyla fischeri.

Two small superior secondary claws.

Fourth legs of male with joints .34, .06, .40 .60, .26, .20 and .60 mm. long;

width of first joint .34 mm.; seventh joint as on third legs. ‘Two superior

secondary claws.

Fifth legs of male with joints .34, .06, .60 .74, .34, 20 and .66 mm. long;

first joint .34 mm. wide; otherwise as for third legs.

Sixth legs of male with joints .40, .06, .54, .72, .30, .20, and .64 mm. long;

first joint .30 mm. wide.

Seventh legs of male with joints .40, .06, .56, .'74, .30, .20 and .68 mm. long;

width of first joint .30 mm. Inferior surface of coxa covered with small

rounded knobs. Otherwise as for third legs.

Male genitalia (plate I, figs. 2 and 3) very complex, consisting of four

different structures:

1. An irregular, deeply bifid lamina (fig. 2) broad at base, the lobes

crossed by a very prominent, rounded, eee elevation, projecting mesad, be-

yond which they are narrowed to bidentate apex, the teeth diverging, one

curved laterad, the other caudad. A side view (fig. 3) shows that the mesal

edge of the inner tooth is continuous with a broad subvertical lamina,

;

38 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

concave on the outside. This whole structure is probably articulated toa large

basal joint which bears a few spines along its lateral margin.

2. An unpaired median, slender curved spine, bifid at the tip, the teeth

sharp-pointed, decurved and diverging. Proximally the spine is thicker, some-

what compressed laterally, broader dorso-ventrally, and projects through the fis-

sure of the large lamina described above. Our drawing (fig. 2) might be

thought to indicate that this structure comes from one side, but this is not the

case.

3. Caudad and laterad is on either side a slender, two-jointed, apically

bifid, styliform structure, curved cephalo-ventrad toward the apex. But one

of these is shown in our drawing (fig. 3, to the right).

4. Between the enlarged basal joints of the ninth pair of legs is a subplane

deeply bifid lamina, the lobes of which are more or less deeply bifid with

divaricate subdivisions. Our drawing (plate I, fig. 6) is from a specimen

in which the inner edge of the primary lobe is merely emarginate.

Ninth legs of male 4-jointed, the basal joint subequal in length to the

others taken together, and of twice the diameter; on the mesal face this joint

is deeply excavate near the base and again slightly above the middle, the sin-

uses Separated by a large rounded knob, bearing on its upper side a conical

chitinized tubercle. Second joint slender, cylindrical, much longer than two

distal joints taken together, sometimes twice as long. Third joint about as.

long as broad; apical joint somewhat conic, exceeding the third in length.

Claw sometimes large and distinctly hooked, at others reduced to a shapeles

chitinous tubercle. :

Tenth legs of male with joints .34, .06, .54, .74, .26, .20 and .80 mm. long.

Distal inferior surface of coxa with a large slightly elevated cushion of small,

rounded knobs. Third joint with the inferior surface sparsely covered with

rounded knobs somewhat larger than those of the coxa. Fourth joint prox-

imally with a few knobs similar to those of the third joint. Seventh joint

and secondary claws as given for third legs. The secondary claws of this

species are situated farther distad on main claw than those described in the

species of other genera.

Eleventh leg with joints .46, .08, .56, .70, .26, .18 and .78 mm. in length;

width of first joint .30 mm. The first joint with a cone .12 mm. long and .08

mm. wide about the middle of the inferior surface; just distad of this a convex

area covered with small, rounded knobs, as is also the inferior surface of the

third joint. Seventh joint as in the preceding. ‘Two superior secondary

claws.

Color, according to Cope, varying from nearly white to a pale red. We

have seen only alcoholic specimens and these vary from a dirty white to pale

horn-color.

Length of mature specimens 18 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Habitat: Southern Virginia, first collected by Dr. H. D. Cope

in Erhart’s Cave, Montgomery Co., and in Spruce Run and Big

Stony Creek Caves, Giles Co.; Tennessee, Lost Creek Cave,

Granger Co., also Nickajack Cave (Dr. Cope); Indiana, Wyan-

The Craspedosomatidx of North America. 39

dotte Cave, Bradford and Marengo Caves, Crawford Co. (Drs.

Cope and Packard and Mr. Bollman).

We have examined about seventy specimens from Wyandotte

and Marengo Caves. The proportions of the sexes are about

equal. U.S. Nat. Museum, Nos. 87, 420, 421 and 438.

Dr. Cope remarks: ‘ This animal inhabits the deepest re-

cesses of the numerous caves which abound in Southern Virginia,

as far as human steps can penetrate. I have not seen it near their

mouths, though its eyes are not undeveloped, or smaller than

those of many living in the forests. Judging from its remains,

which one finds under stones, it is an abundant species, though

rarely seen by the dim light of a candle even after considerable

search. Five specimens only were procured from about a dozen

caves.”

In Indiana, on the contrary, Dr. Packard found specimens in a

small grotto, and that these were paler and had more rudimentary

eyes than those collected in the Senate Chamber of Great Wvyan-

dotte Cave, three miles from daylight.

According to Dr. Packard* the eyes of this species have no neu-

ral connection with the brain, or rather, he failed to find an optic

nerve after cutting over 400 sections. The origin of the speci-

“mens sectioned is not stated,and the conditions may differ in the

species, as does the development of the eyes. Dr. Packard con-

sidered P. carterensis to be a variety of the present species, but

we are unwilling to believe that its well-developed eyes are func-

tionless.

As might be expected in a species limited in habitat, but with

an extensive range there seems to be a large amount of variation

in nearly all the characters, even those of the genitalia. It will

not be surprising if a further study shows that some of these forms

are sufficiently differentiated to merit specific recognition. While

our material was abundant it was all alcoholic, and the structure

of these animals is so fragile that a thorough examination can

scarcely be made without the destruction of the specimen.

The median process separates it from the other American

genera, and indeed from all others. The genitalia of Craspe-

dosoma rawlinsi, however, have two similarly placed slender

processes suggestive of homology.

“The Cave Fauna of North America, p. 113.

7 an

40 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Pseudotremia carterensis Bollman, 1888.

P. cavernarum var. carterensis Packard: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. XXI., p. 188

(1883).

P. carterensis Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum XI., 1888, p. 405; Bulle-

tin 46 U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 107.

Eyes of 17-25 ocelli, grouped in triangular patches, but usually not in re-

gular rows.

Posterior subsegments dorsally densely and evenly tuberculate with rounded

elevations of somewhat equal size.

Male genitalia (plate I, figs. 9, 10) consisting of three structures:

1. A thin subplane lamina, with subparallel sides, one of which turns dis-

tally at a sharp angle and is produced into a tapering though blunt-pointed

process. The other margin is broadly sinuate, the distal half fimbriate with

fine short hairs, the apical corner cut into longer lacineze.

2. A thin lamina apically curved upon itself and tapering toa point. A

duct can be traced from the base to the apex.

3. A bifid subplane lamina, lying between the bases of the ninth pair of

legs, similar to that described for P. cavernarum.

Color above dark horn-brown, sometimes variously mottled with yellow on

the the carinze; below, and basal joints of legs yellowish in alcoholic speci-

mens, the apical joints and antennze horn brown. Length 23-30 mm. in ma-

ture individuals; diameter 2.5-3 mm.

Habitat: ‘The Carter Caves, Kentucky, viz.: Bat Cave, X

Cave and Zwingler’s Cave, besides a cave across the road from

the hotel, which is used as an ice-house,” (Dr. Packard); Wyan-

dotte Cave (Mr. Bollman). We have seen four individuals from

Wyandotte Cave (U.S. N. M. 436).

This species is the largest member of the family yet known

from North America, and appears very distinct from P. caver-

narum in its dark brown color and larger size. A careful exam-

ination, however, reveals the closest similarity in minor details,

and we have not made our desciption extensive, for beyond the

characters noticed above all the statements made for P. caver-

narum seem to apply to this species. The eyes are more promi-

nent and better pigmented, the segments more evenly tuberculate,

the color darker, the size usually larger, and the genitalia en-

tirely different. The antennez and the relative proportions of

their joints are variable in both species and we have been unable

to observe any constant difference.

That the species, however, is valid cannot be doubted. The

male genitalia have but little similarity of detail with those of

P. cavernarum. At the same time the legs of the ninth pair are

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 41

practically undistingnishable from those of the former species,

thus showing that variation in the genitalia proper does not af-

fect these neighboring structures, making their use as generic

characters desirable.

According to Dr. Packard this is ‘‘ what may be called a ‘ twi-

light’ species, living in small caves in situations partially lighted.”

In this connection it ought to be remembered that nearly all Dip-

lopoda are nocturnal and lucifugous. It would not be a surprise

to us if careful collecting in the neighborhood of the caves should

reveal many of the so-called species in dark corners and crevices

of rocks along with the open air species. There has been much

more careful collecting in the caves than outside.

CLEIDOGONA gen. noy.

Cryptotrichus || Packard, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. X.XTI, p. 189 (1883).

Spirostrephon Wood, not of Brandt; Pseudotremia Cope pp.; Campodes Boll-

man, not of C. L. Koch.

Eyes well developed, of numerous (25-29) prominent ocelli arranged in

triangular patches.

Antenne filiform, very long and slender; third joint longest.

Mandibles with 12 pectinate lamellee.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments with lateral carinze nearly obsolete; setigerous tubercles very

small.

First two pairs of legs small and slender, the next five pairs in males mod-

erately crassate.

Anterior male legs hispid on the interior face of the last joint.

Genitalia of male of two pairs of processes, the posterior articulated with

the anterior at base.

Ninth legs of male 5-jointed and clawed; two basal joints large, subequal in

length; three distal joints small, forming a hook.

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with large coxal apertures; coxa of

eleventh leg with a conic process, the third joint unmodified.

Pedigerous lamina of twelfth legs of male produced at apex into a large

conic process directed cephalad.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution: Hastern States; reported from Minnesota and

- Arkansas; thus far we have been unable to find it in western

Ontario, central New York, Long Island, Connecticut and the

eastern shore of Maryland.

That the affinities of Cleidogona are with Pseudotremia may

be inferred from the numerous characters common to both genera.

42 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

At the same time the differences are so great that to unite the

genera as several authors have done seems unwarranted. In ad-

dition to the above diagnosis, the following description applies

to the species noticed in this paper :—

Body fusiform, broadest in the anterior portion, narrowed very abruptly

cephalad, very gradually caudad; in cross-section circular, slightly compressed

dorso-ventrally in front of the middle, slightly compressed laterally caudad.

Carinze very small, placed near the middle line of side.

Vertex prominent, nearly smooth, shining.

Clypeus sparsely hirsute with short and long hairs; a prominent transverse

supralabral ridge, above which are a few more or less evident fine transverse

wrinkles. Along the lateral margins a deep, somewhat oblique furrow cury-

ing mesad below, above the transverse ridge.

Eyes in a triangular patch, arranged in several transverse rows; as in other

genera there is usually one ocellus on the lateral margin above the upper row,

with which it is usually counted.

Antennz moderately hirsute, the distal joints more hirsute than the basal.

Approximate proportions of lengths of joints beginning with the seventh,

3: 3:7: 5.5: 10: 5: 2.

First segment, viewed from above, pointed reniform; surface smooth, ex-

cepting three very small light-colored protuberances on each side; the lateral

located at the extreme corner of the superior surface of the segment; the second

a short distance mesad and cephalad from the first; the third nearer to the

median line than to the second. ‘The bristles measure as much as .15 mm. in

length.

Subsequent segments with the lateral carinze more pronounced for six or

seven segments, whence they decrease in size. On the anterior segments the

lateral bristle-bearing protuberance is close to the posterior margin; on suc-

ceeding segments it is not so close, until the antepenultimate is reached. As

the carinee decrease the bristles of the lateral protuberances increase, poster-

liorly; they are directed horizontally and appressed to the side of the body.

The middle pair of protuberances approach the median line on posterior seg-

ments, and the six bristles are more and more nearly arranged in a straight

transverse row. A fine median ridge placed in a furrow runs from the first to

the last segment.

Anal segment without median furrow or ridge; broadly truncate or slightly

emarginate posteriorly and deeply sinuate on the sides; with eight bristles, of

which two are located on the anterior portion, near the median line; the others

are directed more or less-horizontally from the posterior margin. The median

pair have thickened conical bases nearly as long as the slender bristles rising

from them. The other bristles are located at the corners of the truncation

and the upper part of the lateral sinuation. Posterior margin very thick and

slightly grooved posteriorly.

Anal valves slightly exceeding the anal segment, not strongly convex, more

prominent above the middle, and angulate, the margins scarcely raised; above

on each side with three bristles at equal distances from each other.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 43

Preanal scale semi-elliptical, broader than long, broadly truncate poster-

iorly; with two long slender bristles directed backward from near the posterior

margin, and appressed to the anal valves.

First two pairs of legs much smaller than the others; next five pairs in male

erassate. Legs 10-12 longest, the legs decreasing both in length and thickness

caudad, so that the last pairs are very slender. :

Second legs of male with a regular row of spines bordering the last joint on

the ventral edge.

Legs 3-7 not specially modified, further than being crassate, and hispid on

the ventral face of the last joint.

Male genitalia of two pairs of appendages, the posterior jointed at base to

the anterior. The anterior pairs larger than the other and curved back-

ward, the posterior is more or less clavate or capitate.

Ninth legs of male 5-jointed, the two proximal joints subequal in size and

length; the other three very small; the last joint somewhat longer than either

of the two preceding. The shape of the joints differs somewhat in the differ-

ent species. -

Tenth leg of male with a conic process on the ventral face somewhat beyond

the middle of the proximal joint.

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with large apertures in the basal portion of

the coxz. Sometimes the apertures have raised rims which alter the outline

of the joint when viewed from in front or behind, and sometimes a membrane

or hardened secretion projects from the aperture.

Color purplish horn-brown, usually dark, mottled and marbled with pink-

ish or dirty white.

Cleidogona cx#sioannulata (Wood).

Spirostrephon czsioannulatus Wood: Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. XIII, p. 194

(1865).

Pseudotremia cesioannulatus Cope: Journ. Am. Philos. Soc. XI, p. 179.

Spirostrephon cesioannulatus Ryder: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum ILI, p. 526

(1881).

Cryptotrichus cesioannulatus (Wood) Packard: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. X XI,

p. 190 (1883); McNeill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum X, p. 333 (1887);

Bull. No. 3, Brookville Soc. p. 8 (1888).

Campodes flavicornis Bollman (not C. L. Koch): Entomologica Americana

IV, p. 1 (1888) ( Compodes fuscicornis and Pseudotremia vudii are also

here placed as synonyms by Bollman) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. X, p.

109 (1888) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum XI, pp. 340, 344 and 405 (1888);

Bulletin 46 U. S. Nat. Mus. pp. 73, 83, 91, 96, 106, 120, 150, 181 and

183.

Eyes more or less triangular in form, of about 25 ocelli, six of which border

on the margin of the vertex, and if grouped in rows parallel to these appear to

be arranged 6+5+5+4+43+2-+ (sometimes) 1==25 or 26. If the rows are

looked upon as transverse the numbers are, beginning posteriorly, 1+-1+-2--

3+4-+5+5-+4=25, or diagonally 14-6+6-++5--4+3 = 25.

44 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Antenne filiform, 3 mm, long, .16 mm. thick.

Male genitalia (figs. 138, 139, 145-148, 150), with the anterior and larger

arm bent abruptly caudad (or dorsad). At apex it is more or less bifid, with

the outer lobe longer, so that seen from below the end appears either more or

less truncate, or if the animal is tilted so as to look more directly at the apical

portion of the genitalia the appearance is that of figures 139 and 146. This

last is somewhat of a side view as well. The longer lobe is at apex more or

less fimbriate on the posterior side.

Posterior arm of genitalium clavate, the apex curved toward the anterior

arm. The shape will be seen to vary considerably in the three figures 138,

147, 150; from the explanation of plates it will be seen that the figures are

from different localities, and further study may necessitate another disposition

of the different forms.

Ninth legs of male (figs. 144-145) with basal joint moderately emar-

ginate-on the ventral side, near the base; toward the apex, on the same side, is

a sharp tubercle directed distad. Second joint nearly half as broad as long, the

greatest diameter at about two-thirds of its length, gradually narrower below,

more abruptly so above. Three distal joints small, together equal in length

to about half the second joint. Last joint nearly equal in length to the two

preceding, constricted above the middle and obliquely crossed on the an-

terior side, just below the constriction, by an oblique ridge the edge of which

is Sharp and spinose-laciniate, giving the appearance of another joint. Two

proximal joints with few hairs, the three distal increasingly hirsute. Claw

nearly normal, one evident supplementary claw.

Color of alcoholic specimens: Head dark brown, lighter above; the man-

dibulary stipes areolate, pale lines separating darker areas; antennz dark

brown.

Body usually with a yellowish median longitudinal line of greater or less

width, on each side of which is a usually broader dark line, below this a nar-

nower yellow one, and then another dark line or longitudinal row of dark

spots. Ventral surface yellow, legs pallid, or the distal joints dark. On each seg-

ment the brown color is much darker on the posterior subsegments; that of the

anterior portion has sometimes a bluish tinge. The median yellow line is fre-

quently obsolete, and the lateral reduced to a row of transversely oblong

spots. In the dorsal dark lines there are, on each segment, two longitudinally

oval or circular small yellow spots, in which the small bristle-bearing pro-

tuberances are located. Even when the lateral yellow line is presents there is,

below the outer of these spots a brighter, longitudinally oval spot. ‘The

lateral bristle-bearing protuberance is located in the upper part of the lateral

dark line and is colored yellow. Length 14-16 mm; width 1.5.

Habitat: In the U. 8S. Nat. Museum are the following

numbers labeled Campodes flavicornis by Bollman. While there

was supposed to be but one species in the genus determination

was comparatively easy, but it is now impossible to assign speci-

mens to the different species without a dissection or at least a

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 45

very careful examination of the male genitalia. Hence the deter- |

mination of the female and young specimens is in the present

state of our knowledge impossible, and these and the other re-

ports of the species have value only in showing the distribution

of the genus. Sometimes two species were found in the same

bottle. Nos. 18 and 28, Bloomington, Indiana, largely young

Specimens. The whole ones have 26 segments; No. 67, Fort

Snelling, Minnesota, a female; No. 159 Little Rock, Arkansas, a

female; No. 197, Mossy Creek, Tennessee, a female; No. 247,

Chapel Hill, N. C.,a male, but not dissected; No. 325, Winona

Minnesota, immature; Nos. 16, 442, 444, 448 no localities given,

probably from Indiana.

Besides the localities mentioned, specimens of this species have

been reported under one or the other of its synonyms, from the

following places:

Alleghany county, Pennsylvania (Wood); Culmana, Alabama,

or Ocean Springs, Mississippi (Packard); Monroe county, Indiana

(McNeill); Beaver Creek, Jefferson county, Hast Tennessee (Boll-

man); Washington, D. C. (Bollman); Bloomington, la Fayette

and Salem, Indiana (Bollman). We found about a dozen speci-

mens among leaves in rather dry woods near the Catholic Uni-

versity, Washington, D. C., October, 1894. These are represented

by figures 138-143.

The above description was made from the U. S. Nat. Museum

material (No. 16, no locality given, but probably from Indiana)

from which figures 145-148 were drawn. We cannot, however,

be confident that either the description or figures apply to the

original cxesioannulatus. Descriptions under this name have

been published by Wood, Packard and McNeill. None of the

characters given by the earlier writers are more than generic,

with the possible exception of the size. According to Wood’s

original description the length was “about an inch.” ‘The only

species known to us to which this is applicable is C. major, from

Washington, D.C. Wood’s type specimen was from Alleghany

County, Pa., and is probably no longer in existence. The only

specimens of the genus in the museum of the Philadelphia Acad-

emy are a female specimen and a half labeled, probably by Dr.

Wood, cexsioannulatus. They were collected by Dr. Leidy in

West Virginia, and are rather large, of light color, and perhaps

more fusiform than usual, in which characters they agree with

C. major.

46 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Packard’s material was from Alabama or Mississippi. The

length is given as 15 mm., from which facts if we may infer any-

thing it is that the species studied by Dr. Packard is likely to

have been different from the type of Wood. The matter is

further complicated by the fact that we have found two distinet

species in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., and three in the

material referred by Bollman, and probably also by McNeill, to

C. cxesioannulata. One of these Indiana species was described

by MeNeill, who was the first to give characters available in

drawing specific distinctions.

The description was confined to the ninth leg of the male. He

says: ‘ The eight * pairs of legs are modified as follows: joints

“six, 7. e., femur and tibia, and four tarsal joints united to form a

hook. The basal joint is slightly lengthened and curved upward

nearly parallel to the body. The tibia is compressed, and gradu-

ally enlarged to a point one-third its length from the distal end ;

from this point it is abruptly constricted so that the diameter of

the proximal and distal ends is about the same. The enlarge-

ment of the tibia is on its ventral side and ends in a tubercle

which does not bear a seta. The four tarsal joints (with the dis-

tal third of the tibia) form a semicircular hook tipped with a nor-

mal claw. The two proximal joints of the hook are equal in size,

cylindrical, length equal to the diameter. The last joints are

conical and very small. The length of the four tarsal joints is

equal to the greatest diameter of the tibia. Femur and tibia are

white and not pilose, the hook is brown and pilose.”

If we interpret this by the light of the accompanying drawing

(reproduced as fig. 149), it will be seen that the ninth leg differs

considerably from those studied by us (ef. figures 117, 127, 140,

145, 162, 163, 167, 168). The number of distal joints is different,

as well as the shape of the large proximal joint. What appears

like a small basal joint is not explained in the description quoted.

The description also mentions a tubercle on the tibia, but the

figure does not show it. One of the Indiana species, however,

has such a tubercle (cf. fig. 163). This suggests that the draw-

ing and the description may not have been made from the same ~

* Not counting the genitalia.

{+ This is probably to be explained by the fact that in the specimen repre- .

sented by fig. 145 there is a somewhat oblique ridge across the last joint (ef.

figs. 145 and 145a).

The Craspedosomatide of North America. AT

specimens, since it is extremely likely, to judge from the Indiana

material we have studied, that Mr. McNeill’s numerous specimens

represented more than one species.

In addition to that of the ninth leg, Mr. McNeill gives a figure

of the genitalia. In his explanation this is said to be plate xii,

figure 5. This figure bears no resemblance to the genitalia of

Chordeumidz, but has evidently been transposed with figure 5 of

the preceding plate, which we here reproduce (fig. 150). It so far

resembles figure 147 as to make its specific distinctness a matter

of doubt. The resemblance between figures 150 and 138 is more

striking. Figure 138 represents a specimen collected at Wash-

ington, D. C., which would give the species a considerable range,

leaving it entirely probable that it may be found in Alleghany

county, Pa.; thus the question of what Cleidogona cxstoannu-

lata really is seems likely to be settled in one of two ways.

Hither we must retain McNeill’s form as representing the species

because he was the first to describe it in a tangible way, or we

must find by collecting what species is found in the indicated part

of Pennsylvania. The only clue seems to be the size. The Indi-

ana material we have seen is only 14-16 mm. long. If there

should prove to be one species in Alleghany county ‘about an

inch’ in length, we must call it cestoannulata. In the meantime

species indicated by McNeill should have the use of the name

unless a new one is to be made.

The Washington, D. C. specimens (figs. 138-143) differ some-

what in the shape of the gentitalia and ninth legs of male, espec-

ally in that the distal joints of the latter are in the Washington

specimens short and thick, while those of figure 145 are the long-

est we have seen. Notwithstanding, there is not the same neces-

sity of distinguishing the forms specifically as appears in the

other species in which the genitalia are so different as to leave no

room for doubt.

Cleidogona major sp. n.

Plates VI and VII, figures 110-137.

Eyes triangular, the ocelli in transverse rows as follows: 1+7+6+5+4+

3-++2+ 1—29, in oblique rows: 1+1+2+3-+4+5+6+7= or in vertical rows:

8+6+5+44342+1.

Male genitalia (figs. 128-130) with anterior arm much curved at base,

nearly straight at apex and bilobed, but not deeply as in C. cesioannulata ;

apical sinus broad and rounded (cf. fig. 129, an apical view). On the anterior

48 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

ventral face there is a deep groove, and some distance below the apex a broad

lateral emargination. Near the base of the posterior arm are a few long bris-

tles. Posterior arm abruptly capitate, laterally with a rounded projection

above.

Ninth legs of male (fig. 127) with basal joint broadly emarginate on the

ventral side, very prominent above, sometimes truncate; without tubercle.

Second joint three times as long as broad, the line of the ventral side being

gently curved, not with a sharp turn at the greatest diameter. Distal joints

rather stout, with a similar ridge across the anterior side as described for C.

cesioannulata. Claw rather small.

Color horn-brown, mottled with pinkish white. Head dark brown, es-

pecially the vertex, more or less mottled with white in fine points arranged

in irregular areas, with more or less bilateral symmetry. Lower part of

clypeus nearly white. Margin of labrum transparent yellowish.

Segments with exposed portion dark brown above, dirty-white below. An-

terior subsegment pale, except where exposed. A pale transverse line is usu-

ally present along the suture between the subsegments; dorsally the suture is

especially on anterior segments, sinuate, and sometimes the lighter color runs

back on the median line. The six sete of each segment are located in light

spots, and between the outer pairs of sete there isa large transverse area

coarsely mottled, bounded in front and behind by a dark line. The posterior

line is extended below the outer seta and is broader, so that the animal ap-

pears to have a row of lateral spots. Below the spots the color rapidly fades

to yellowish white. On posterior segments the dark color of the dorsum

is darker than on the anterior, the lighter spots smaller, but more vivid.

Legs with basal joints dirty white, the distal dark brown.

Antenne very dark, except a short pale ring at the base of each joint.

Length of mature males 18-20 mm., width 2.2-2.4 mm.; length of females

20-24 mm., width 2 mm.

Habitat: Washington, D. C. Nine mature specimens, including

three males, were collected among leaves on a wooded hillside in

the Zodlogical Park, Washington, D. C., October, 1894.

This species, from its great size, seems likely to have been the

original of cxsioannulata, and may be taken as the type of the

genus Cleidogona. It also seems more related to the species iden-

tified by McNeill as cestoannulata than do the three following

species. It is possible that this species is among those reported

as Campodes flavicornis, but we did not recognize it among the

specimens from the National Museum.

Cleidogona laminata sp. n.

Plate IX, figures 164-171.

Eyes as in C. major, ocelli of the same number, arranged in transverse row:

8161544431241.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 49

Genitalia of male (figs. 165, 166) with the anterior arms oblique, deeply

bifid at apex, the lobes subequal, but of different shape; the inner somewhat

resembling in outline the head of a bird; the outer more or less truncate and

fimbriate along the inner edge distad. Posterior arms clavate, somewhat

acuminate at apex and with a notch on the median face. Below, attached to

the anterior arm, and somewhat embracing the posterior is on each side a thin

lamina.

Ninth legs of male (figs. 167, 168) with the basal joint broad below and

deeply emarginate above. From the posterior face projects mesad a triangular

plate dentate on the proximal edge, partly covering the emargination, and

_ giving the appearance of a deep notch when the leg is viewed from the pos-

terior side. Second joint more slender than in the other species, more than

three times as long as broad 7:2. Proximal joints with scattering hairs, the

distal increasingly hirsute. Claw rather small.

Tenth legs of male (fig. 170) with margins of coxal apertures produced,

and the inner edge of the coxa somewhat emarginate.

Eleventh legs of male (fig. 171) with the conic process rather short and

blunt.

Color of alcoholic specimens, probably faded, horn brown, darker above,

gradually changing to dirty white below. The spots described for the pre-

ceding species are present, but are less distinct, so that the animal appears

nearly concolorous unless more closely examined.

Length of male 15.5 mm.; width 2 mm.

Habitat: Locality unknown, probably Indiana, U. 8. Nat.

Museum, No. 427, a male and two female specimens. In the

form of the genitalia and ninth legs this species seems very

distinct. .

Cleidogoma forceps sp. n.

Plate IX, figures 159-163.

Male genitalia with anterior arms broad below, gradually narrowed, then

dilated and again narrowed, deeply bilobed at apex, not decurved; superior

lobe broadly notched at apex, one of the divaricate divisions serrate; inferior

lobe longer, the apex slightly notched, twisted.

Posterior arm attached at about one-third the height of the anterior, slender,

deeply divided, forcipate.

Ninth legs of male with basal joint moderately emarginate below on the

ventral face, slightly so above on the dorsal face. Second joint scarcely twice

as long as wide, at about the middle on the ventral side swollen into a large

rounded prominence; above is a broad sinus into which the distal joints are

folded.

The specimen on which this species was founded was taken

from the same bottle (U.S. Nat. Museum No. 16, no locality),

with those represented by figures 144-148, and not apparently

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, Oct., 1895.—4

50 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

differing from the others in external appearance. The form of

the genitalia and ninth male legs is so distinct and characteristie

as to make identification easy.

Cleidogona fustis sp. n.

Plate VIII, figures 151-153.

First legs of male six-jointed, the joints, beginning with the coxa, .20, .06,

.30, .12, .10 and .38 mm. long; third and fourth joints .10 mm. Two superior

secondary claws and a small inferior one.

Second legs of male also six-jointed, the joints .20, .06, .32, .14, .10 and .32

mm. in length; width of third joint .12 mm.

Third legs of male seven-jointed, .22, .04, .32, .36, .14, .10 and .40 mm. in

length; width of third joint .20 mm., somewhat enlarged toward the distal

end. Seventh joint with hook-like transparent roughenings like those of

Conotyla fischeri, but smaller. The third joint with a few conic or knob-like

protuberances on the inferior surface.

Fourth legs of male seven-jointed, the joints, beginning with the coxa, .24,

.04, .40, .44, .14, .12 and .44 mm. long. Seventh joint roughened as on third

legs. The third joint with a few knobs, as on the fifth leg.

Fifth legs of male with joints .24, .04, .48, .46, .18, .10 and .44 mm. in

length. Inferior surface of third joint covered with small knobs about .04

mm. in diameter. Seventh joint with inferior secondary claw, apex with pro-

cess like the twelfth legs.

Sixth legs of male with Joints .28, .04, .44, .46, .18, .12, .44 mm. Third

joint sparsely covered with cones and knobs. Seventh joint as given for

seventh legs.

Seventh legs of male with joints .28, 04, 42, .48, .16, .10, 42 mm. long, .26

mm. wide; coxa with a large transparent rounded protuberance, about as long

as wide (.06 mm), covered, like the surface of the coxa, with sparse small

knobs, smaller than those of the third joint. Third and seventh joints as for

the sixth leg. Distal two-thirds of inferior surface of seventh joint roughened

with crowded, appressed, distally directed short, sharp, bayonet-like processes.

One superior and one inferior secondary claw.

Tenth legs of male with joints respectively .36, .04, .38, .46, .16, .10, and

.48 mm. long, width of third joint .20 mm. First joint thickened distad, and

with two large protuberances, one conical, the other larger; and of irregular

shape. The first is chitinous, the second membranous, apparently protruded

from an aperture. Inferior surface of third joint thickly covered with very

flat knobs. Seventh joint with distal half as on seventh legs. ‘The superior

apical angle of this joint seems to be produced into a curved, claw-like, chit-

inized process nearly equalling the true claw in size. A small inferior

secondary claw.

Eleventh legs of male with joints respectively .36, .04, .32, .46, .14, .12 and

.50 mm. long; third joint .18 mm. wide. Coxa with a large irregular process

at about the middle of the inferior surface, directed meso-caudad. Seventh

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 51

joint with distal half as on seventh leg; near the apex of the joint, and on the

upper side a lanceolate, thin, transparent, twisted process as long as the claw.

No secondary claws.

Twelfth legs of male with a large, blunt, conical median process on the

pedigerous lamina, directed ventro-cephalad.

Genitalia of male (figs. 151-153) viewed from below (anterior face) with

the anterior arms dilated above the middle, suddenly twisted at apex and

deeply bifid, one of the divisions long and gently curved, the other broad and

in some cases at least, perforate.

Posterior arm simple, clavate, the anterior corner above sharp and some-

what produced; on the same side a short distance below is a tooth-like promi-

nence.

Tenth legs of male with the coxal aperture near the middle of the joint.

We have examined two male specimens, U. S. Nat. Museum,

No. 446, no locality given, but probably from Indiana. Exter-

nally they did not appear different from the other species.

The measurements of the joints of the legs were made with a

view of finding out whether specific differences existed. The re-

lative proportions appear to be maintained, so that it does not

seem necessary to introduce measurements for the other species.

Cleidogona vudii (Cope), 1869.

Pseudotremia vudii Cope: Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XL. p. 180.

“ This species differs from the last (Pseudotremia cavernarum)

and resembles rather P. cesioannulatus of Wood. The points

separating it from the latter will be pointed out below.

““Number of segments the same as in the P. cavernarum, twenty-nine, but

they are neither convex or rugose nor coarsely striate, but marked with a very

minute, irregular longitudinal striation. Segments cylindric, without shoul-

der, but with a small directed backwards on the posterior margin of the

lower part of the annulus, which is enlarged on the front segments. This

elevation is furnished on the anterior and posterior regions, and probably

everywhere in an uninjured condition, with a bristle. On the anterior seg-

ments a hair in front of each pore. Front plane, with finer and coarser hairs

sparsely distributed. Lateral margin with an open notch. Antennz hairy,

with a bristle at the distal extremity of each joint. Lengths, 3d, 5th, 4th,

2d, 8th, 7th, Ist; the eighth joint longer than in P. cavernarum. Eye patch

triangular, not ina depression. Posterior segments considerably compressed,

the last segment with four transparent marginal bristles; extremity of body

slightly recurved. Total length eleven lines.

“Color pinkish-brown, with a pale band from below to the ex-

ternal pore on each side of each annulus. Top of head black.

52 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

“A single specimen, to exact locality not preserved, but proba-

bly from Montgomery Co. (Va.),and, I think, not from a cave. I

have conferred on it the name of my friend, Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr.,

to whom we are indebted for a system of the Myriapoda and the

means of studying the American species. It differs from the A.

cesionnulatus of his monograph in the rounded dorsum without

keel or groove, the 29 instead of 32 segments, and the coloration.

The eye patches are not in a depression, nor is the labrum deeply

emarginate, as Wood describes.”

Cleidogoma mexicanus (Humb. et Sauss.).

Craspedosoma mexicanum Humb. et Sauss.: Revue et, Magasin de Zoologie,

1869, p. 153; Etudessur les Myriapodes (Zoologie du Mexique), p. 59,

1872.

Plate VI, figures 105-109.

Body cylindrical, smooth; shining, sightly attenuate cephalad, strongly so

caudad, laterally compressed toward the extremity and terminating in a point.

Head flattened in front, its lateral and superior parts swollen and project

ing, the vertex forming an arched prominence concave behind.

Eyes forming a triangular plate behind the antennz.

Gnathochilarum (see plate).

First segment narrower than the second, forming a constriction behind the:

head; anterior border sinuate, the middle projecting and arcuate, correspond-

ing to the emargination of the occiput; its lateral lobes sharp and bent down-

ward, bearing a small horizontal carina which is continued along the anterior

border as a marginal thread-like elevation.

Subsequent segments gradually larger, truncate below with rounded an-

gles; dorsal line extremely fine. Each segment (the preanal excepted) carry-

ing at half-height a small, pointed tubercle, directed backward, and termin-

ated by a long bristle; and besides, on each side, between this line of tubercles:

and the dorsal line, two other lines of very small piligerous granules, looking

sometimes like piligerous points. On the anterior segments the lateral region

situated below the line of tubercles is striated.

Last segment forming a triangular arch, compressed, avaplomiele truncated

at the extremity; the truncated border Sean eeted with small spines (3 ?).

Anal valves narrow, compressed, forming a crest which projects as far back--

wards as the extremity of the last segment.

Preanal scale rounded.

Legs long, slender, completely covered by a fine villosity.

Color chocolate brown, paler below, posterior border of segments orna-

mented by a gray band; the small tubercles forming spots of lighter color sur-

rounded by a pale ring. Feet and antenne pale.

Length 22 mm.; width 2.5 mm.; number of segments ......?

Habitat: Eastern Cordilleras of Mexico.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 53

The above is a translation, partly rearranged, of the description .

given in the ‘ Etudes.’ It seems to have been based on one fe-

male specimen. The authors add the following remark :

“This species is evidently very nearly related to Spirostrephon

cesioannulatus, Wood. But judging from the description and

figure, Mr. Wood’s species seems not to have upon the sides a

row of tubercles larger than those of the dorsal surface. If Mr.

Wood had not given thirty-two segments for his species, instead

of thirty, we would not doubt that it should be included in the

genus Chordeuma or Craspedosoma. Our species approaches

Craspedosoma, Leach, in the form of the gnathochilarium, and

the development of the piligerous tubercles, and Chordeuma,

Koch, in the cylindrical form of the body.”

BACTROPUS gen. nov.

Eyes of numerous (27) prominent ocelli arranged in triangular patches.

Antenne long and slender, third joint longest, nearly equalled by the fifth

(10:9), followed by joints 4, 2, 6, 7, 1.

Mandibles with ten pectinate lamelle.*

Promentum not distinct.

Segments with lateral carine represented by a gentle bulging of the sur-

face; not striate; setigerous tubercles obsolete, the setze short.

Male genitalia simple, hamate.

Ninth legs of male five-jointed and with a small claw; coxa much larger

than the other joints taken together.

Segments of adult 30.

This genus resembles Cleidogona in general appearance, but the

body is smaller and more slender. It also has characters in com-

mon with Pseudotremia, Trichopetalum, and Conotyla. From

Pseudotremia it differs in the better development of the eyes, be-

ing evidently an open-air creature; also in the lateral carine nearly

obsolete and the lateral surface not striate. It resembles Pseudo-

tremia and Cleidogona in the slight development of setigerous

tubercles and in the number of joints of the ninth male legs.

This last resemblance is, however, only apparent, for the form

and function is very different. In Pseudotremia and Clei-

dogona the ninth legs are capable of use as clasping organs,

while in Bactropus, as in Trichopetalum, it is difficult to

understand how the ninth legs could serve such a purpose. Bac-

* The condition of the specimen was such as to make the number somewhat

ancertain.

54 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

‘tropus also differs from the genera mentioned in the number and

shape of the joints of the ninth legs, the slight development of

carine, tubercles, and bristles, and in the want of a distinct pro-

mentum.

Bactropus conifer sp. n.

Plate TX, figures 172-176.

Body tapering more gradually behind than in Cleidogona.

Vertex slightly rugulose, sparsely hirsute, sulcus indistinct.

Eyes triangular, arranged in six rows, beginning posteriorly, 7--6+5+4+

3--2—27.

Antenne slighly clavate, approximate ratio of lengths of joints, beginning

with the seventh, 3, 4, 9, 5, 10, 4, 1.

First segment rugulose, semi-circular, the tubercles very nearly obsolete.

The furrow in which the dorsal ridge is situated runs nearly, if not quite

to the anterior margin.

Subsequent segments slightly rugulose, anterior portions finely reticulated,

carinee small, tubercles and hairs very small and indistinct. Pcsterior margin

gently sinuate on each side behind the outer setigerous tubercles.

Last segment, anal valves and preanal scale (fig. 176) much as in Cleidogona.

Male genitalia (fig. 174) simple, with broad base and attenuate apex,

curved backward.

Ninth legs of male (figs. 174 and 175) with a few hairs on the two proxi-

mal joints; the claw very small.

Color dark brown, the posterior margin of each segment and a very fine

median line yellowish. A light spot at each setigerous tubercle, the outer

two spots on each side subconfluent, giving the appearance of a light longi-

tudinal line. Ventral parts and basal joints of feet dirty brown; apical joints

darker. Antenne nearly black, darker than those of any other species known

to us.

Length about 9 mm.

Habitat: Indiana. We have examined one male and three

female specimens collected by Bollman in the vicinity of Bloom-

ington, and deposited in the National Museum (No. 43) under

the name “ Craspedosoma lunatum.”

The material is in poor condition so that many important

facts cannot be determined. Further study will probably multi-

ply minor similarities with Cleidogona.

The joints of the ninth legs of male are not, in the specimen ex-

amined, easy to distinguish, the second, third and fourth appear-

ing nearly coalesced. This suggests the idea that the second

joint of the ninth leg of Scoterpes, Trichopetalum, Zygonopus

and Conotyla may have been formed by the gradual coalescence

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 55

of the four distal joints. Indeed, this idea becomes reasonably

probable when we consider that there is a claw in Scoterpes, and a

similarly located chitinous bunch in Zygonopus and Trichopeta-

lum, which may be interpreted as the rudiment of a claw. It

should also be noticed that in Pseudotremia and Cleidogona

there is evidently a tendency toward the development of two large

proximal joints at the expense of the distal.

SCOTERPES Cope. 1872.

Am. Nat. VI. p. 414.

Spirostrephon ( Pseudotremia) Packard and Ryder, not Brandt.

Craspedosoma (Scopterpes) Latzel: Myr. Oest. Ung. Mon. II., p. 209 (1884);

Haase: Zeitsch. f. Entom., N. F., XI., p. 60 (1886).

Eyes wanting.

Antenne of moderate length, third joint longest.

Segments with moderately prominent shoulder-like carine.

Ninth pair of legs of male two-jointed, the distal joint with a strong claw.

Segments of adult 30.

The single species of this genus is from Mammoth Cave. It

is known to us only from descriptions and figures, but there can

be little doubt of its close relationship with Zygonopus and

Trichopetalum, from both of which it is distinct in the large claw

of the ninth legs of the male. We reproduce Dr. Packard’s fig-

ures of the genitalia and ninth pair of legs, but it is not possible

to get from these or from his descriptions a satisfactory idea of

these structures, nor one which will enable us to compare them

with allied forms. Indeed, we are not certain that the ninth legs

of males ought not to be spoken of as three-jointed. In Dr.

Packard’s figure they appear entirely detached, and if the two

joints are correctly drawn another would seem necessary to con-

nect them with the body.

It is in this genus that the six dorsal bristles peculiar to the

present family have their greatest development. According to

Drs. Cope and Packard these bristles approximate in length the

diameter of the body, giving the animal very much the appear-

ance of a caterpillar.

Scoterpes copei (Packard) Cope.

Spirostrephon ( Pseudotremia) copei Packard: Am. Nat. V., 748 (1871).

Scoterpes copei (Packard) Cope: Am. Nat. VI., p. 414 (1872) ; Packard:

Proc. Am. Phil. Sec! XCXT, p. 193 (1883); MeNeill: Bull. No. 3;

Brookville Soc., p. 8 (1888).

Plate I., figures 12-13.

56 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

‘* Head with rather short, dense hairs; no eyes, and no ocular depression be-

hind the antennz, the surface of the epicranium being well rounded to the

antennal sockets ; behind the insertion of the antennze the sides of the head

are much more swollen than in S. lactarius.*

Antenne slender, with short, thick bairs ; relative length of joints, the 6th

being longest ; 6th, 4th, 5th, 3d, 8th, 7th. 1st, the 7th being much thicker

than the 8th.

Twenty-eight segments behind the head ; they are entirely smooth, striated

neither longitudinally nor transversely ; a few of the anterior segments rapidly

decrease in diameter toward the head. The egments are but slightly convex,

and on each side is a shoulder, bearing three tubercles in a transverse row,

each giving rise to a long stiff hair one-half to two-thirds as long as the seg-

ment is thick ; these hairs stand up thickly all over the back, and may serve

at once to distinguish the species.

No pores.

Feet long and slender, nearly as long as the antennz, being very slender

towards the claws.

Color entirely white.

Length of body .35 inch; thickness .04 inch.”’

Habitat: Mammoth Cave, Kentucky.

The above description is that originally given for this species.

The importance of several of the included statements is question-

able, especially since the accompanying diagrams do not agree

with the description.

The antenne are said to have eight joints, while in the diagram

but seven appear. In giving the “relative length of joints” the

second is entirely omitted, so that we have no ground for sup-

posing that there was a small basal joint not given in the diagram

and are obliged to fall back on the fact that in this family the an-

tennee have, as far as known, but seven joints. It might also be

noticed that if “2d” is understood for “3d,” “ 3d” for “ 4th” and

so on, the relative length of joints will be the same as Trichopet-

alum, 5th, 3d, 4th, 2d, Tth, 6th, Ist.

The drawing of the entire animal also gives thirty segments

instead of twenty-eight, as in the description.

Ata later date Dr. Packard gives a more extended descrip-

tion; of this species and genus, differing, besides, from the

former description in some important particulars, so that it seems

desirable to add a transcription of it. These descriptions con-

* Dr. Packard wrote this while believing the present species to be congeneric

with Lysiopetalum lactarium (Say).

7 Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., X XI, p. 177, Sept. 1883.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 57

tain, however, many statements which we look upon as of doubt-

ful import or questionable truth, and such are given in italics, our

reasons for doubt being stated later on.

“*Body very long and slender, not fusiform; consisting of thirty seements

besides the head, with about fifty-two pairs of legs, with the penultimate joint very

long. Head rather large, and unusually broad; no eyes present; the genz

unusually large, but not so globose as in Trichopetalum; the front is also car-

ried farther up on the vertex than usual, and is much broader than long; the

clypeus flat, slightly bilobed on the front edge. The antenne are moderately

long and hairy, with the sixth segment scarcely longer than in Trichopetalum,

but more uniform in thickness, scarcely longer than thick; the terminal joint

as long as the sixth, the end conical, more produced than in Trichopetalum

or Zygonopus; at the tip are four rather long sense-setee. Body segments be-

coming as usual smaller next to the head; the anterior of each division of the

arthromere much swollen high up on the sides; each shoulder with three

tubercles, which are arranged in a scalene triangle and bearing much longer

setee than in the other genera, though not quite so long as the body is thick.

The legs are long and slender, more so than in Trichopetalum, and somewhat

more than in Zygonopus. In the male the eighth pair of legs are rudimen-

tary, being two-jointed, the second joint only one-fourth longer than the basal,

and ending in a well-developed stout claw. The genital armature minute and

very rudimentary, pale, scarcely chitinous; the outer lamina short and thick,

with a stout external recurved spine, and two terminal obtuse points; the

inner lamina shorter, forming a truncated angular spine, and not much more

than half as long as the outer lamina; between the inner and outer lamina,

its base next to the inner lamina is a middle spine ending in an irregular tuft

of fine spinules.

“This genus is distinguished from Trichopetalum by its want of eyes, its

broader head, its long slender body, with long setz, by the eighth pair of female

rudimentary legs ending inaclaw. From Zygonopus it differs in the shorter

sixth antennal joint ; its broader head ; its slenderer legs, the sixth pair in the

female not being unlike the others, and by the more prominent shoulders and

longer setze. The species of the two genera are of the same general form and

size.’?

“About 20g and 9 examined. Body white, with no dusky discolorations;

30 segments behind the head in specimens 11 mm. in length and 52 pairs of

degs ; in one female individual 8 mm. long there were 49 pairs of legs, includ-

ing the eighth or rudimentary pair ; in another individual 6 mm. long there

are 24 segments behind the head. The head is provided with short, fine erect

hairs of different lengths, especially on the sides of the gense.”’

‘Males and females are alike in size and form.”’

That the body is ‘“ not fusiform,” but that the segments be-

come, “as usual smaller next to the head,” seem to us mutually

contradictory statements. In all the Chordeumidz known to us

the last joint of the legs is longest, not the penultimate, though

58 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

this is not necessarily the implication of Dr. Packard’s statement,

What is intended by the front being carried up on the vertex, we

cannot imagine. In the species known to us it is practically im-

possible to make out any definite lines of division between these

parts of the head. ‘ Female,” is twice used where “ male” was

evidently intended. Dr. Packard was of course aware that in

chilognaths the eighth legs of females are unmodified. 52 legs

would bea most unusual number, for allowing one pair of legs each

for the Ist, 2d, 4th and 28th segments, and nore for the 3d, 29th

and 30th, there can be but 50 legs on a female chordeumid, 48 or

49 on a male.

Dr. Packard’s figure (see pl. I., fig. 13) of the ninth pair of

legs and the genitalia gives us no idea of the method of attach-

ment of the former, and the length of the second joint does not

correspond to that given in the description. <A laciniate pro-

cess is probably present as in Zygonopus and Trichopetalum.

but in other respects there is a wide difference from those types,

and a further study of the species will probably prove very

interesting.

Reasoning from analogy and from the statements of the writers

quoted, we suppose that this species has undergone the same de-

terioration of the exoskeleton as is described for Zygonopus

whiter.

Regarding the distribution of this species, Dr. Packard adds:

‘The specimens were most abundant in the Labyrinth in Mammoth Cave,

but also occurred in other localities in the cave. It is also common in Dia-

mond Cave, where I collected it, and was discovered by Mr. Sanborn in Poyn-

ter’s Cave, 300 yards from daylight. In one of the specimens from the last-

mentioned cave, the antenne are rather more slender than usual.

‘“The genus Scoterpes, and its single species copei, appears to be limited to

Mammoth Cave and the others near, in apparently the same system of caves.

It was erroneously reported by me to occur in Weyer’s and the Luray Caves,

as the specimens collected belong to Zyonopus whitei. Without doubt the

genus is a modified Trichopetalum, which has become longer and slenderer in

body, with longer legs and antennez as well as setz ; whether it is a descend-

ant of Trichopetalum lunatum or not is uncertain ; it may have descended from

a different species ; but there seems to be no reasonable doubt that itis a modi-

fied form of a small hairy lysiopetalid form, with antenne exactly like those

of Trichopetalum.”’

Dr. Paekard’s sections led him to the conclusion that the

present species is as truly eyeless as a Polydesmus. All traces

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 59

of eyes, with their accompanying nerves and ganglia having dis-

appeared. A compensating hypertrophy of the olfactory organs

is noted.

ZYGONOPWS Ryder. 1881.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. III, p. 524.

Zygonopus, Packard: Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. X XI, p. 194 (1833).

Eyes wanting.

Antenne rather stout, subclavate, fifth joint longest and thickest.

Mandibles with eight pectinate lamellee.

-Promentum not distinct.*

Segments with moderate, shoulder-like carinz, the surface delicately areo-

late, appearing smooth ; setigerous tubercles prominent, sete long.

Male legs with last joint not hispid.

Coxze of second male legs with conic processes; legs without the cushion-

like processes present in Conotyla.

Sixth legs of male much crassate, especially the fourth joint.

Male genitalia simple, consisting of a deeply bifid lamina and two laciniate

processes.

Ninth legs of male two-jointed, the distal stout, obclavate, with a small

chitinous knob on its outer face.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution: Luray Cave, Virginia.

On account of the small size of the animal and special difficulty

of manipulation, we were not able to satisfy ourselves whether

the coxe of the tenth and eleventh pairs of legs of the male are

perforate. :

In many of its characters this genus shows such evident and

close relationship with Trichopetalum that we have sometimes

doubted its validity. On the other hand the characters by which

it is distinct from that genus (e. g., want of eyes, swollen sixth

legs of males, conic process of second legs, and 30 segments) are

so numerous that there seems ample ground for retaining it.

The similarity to Scoterpes is probably even more striking, since ;

both are cave animals, lack eyes, and are more or less soft-bodied.

We have not had the opportunity of making a study of Scoterpes,

but retain both genera, believing that the differences in the sixth

and ninth male legs are sufficiently important to warrant such a

course, and that these are indicative of the probable existence of

still other differential characters.

*The microscopic preparation was not sufficiently successful to make this

certain.

60 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

The importance of differences in the ninth male legs as di-

agnostic generic characters is evidenced by the fact that forms so

different as Trichopetalum and Zygonopus have these legs almost

undistinguishable (ef. figs. 21 and 43) even to the presence of the

small, more or less chitinous bunch, possibly the rudiment of a

claw on the lateral face, near the apex. Conotyla has a similar form

of ninth leg, but does not have this bunch, and differs widely in

other characters. These facts are suggestive of the probable im-

portance of the large claw on the ninth legs of Scoterpes as de-

scribed and figured by Dr. Packard (ef. our figure 13).

Zygonopus whitei Ryder.

Spirostrephon copei Packard pro parte: Am. Nat. XV, p. 231 (1881); Proce.

Amer. Philos. Soe. X XI, p. 194 (1883).

Zygonopus whiter Ryder: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum III, p. 527 (1881);

MeNeill, Bull. No. 3, Brookville Soc. p. 9 (1888).

Plates I-III, figures 14-21.

Body scarcely fusiform, slightly broadest toward the front, narrowed very

abruptly on the last few posterior segments.

Vertex with a large, shallow, transversely oval depression between the an-

tenne. ;

Clypeus with a large transversely oval depression in the upper part.

Antenne of moderate length, subclavate, moderately pilose.

Lingual lobes with three sense-cones.

Styliform process deeply quadridentate.

First segment longer than semi-circular, regularly rounded in front, nearly

straight behind, lateral corners not produced. Outer bristle directed out-

wardly and upwardly, and located at the posterior corner. Second bristle

mesad and cephalad from the outer, and about as far from the anterior margin

of the segment as from the lateral bristle. Inside bristle mesad from the

second, and about equally distant from it and from the median line.

Second segment shorter than the first, and with longer bristles.

Third and subsequent segments with rather small lateral carinee, on which

-are located the two outer bristles, the inner one of which is somewhat anterior

to, and but little above the outer. The inside bristle is rather close to the

others, receding from the median line. All the bristles are slightly curved,

and the length of the longer is about two-thirds the diameter of the body.

Surface of the segments dorsally with irregular longtitudinal wrinkles. Be-

low the carinz the sides of the body are very delicately striate, after the

manner of the Iulide, except that the striations are much finer and more

curved, especially the upper ones. ‘These striations are very much slighter

than those of Pseudotremia and are much more numerous, numbering about

twenty. On the anterior portion of the subsegment they are reticulately

joined. All the segments, including the last, have a fine median suleus. On

‘The Craspedosomatide of North America. 61

posterior segments the bristles tend to separate from each other and to arrange

themselves in a transverse row; the inside pair approach on the posterior seg-

ments very close to the median line.

Anal segment short, posteriorly broadly truncate-emarginate, with eight

bristles. ‘The anterior two located near the median line and close to the an-

terior edge of the segment. Posterior six bristles much more slender than the

others, located along the posterior margin at about equal distances from each

other. The middle pair are not quite so close together as the others, and have

papilliform enlarged bases about one-fifth as long as the exceedingly fine flexi-

ble hair that proceeds from them. This segment, as well as a few preceeding,

and the anal valves, is supplied with a scanty, short pubescence.

Anal valves moderately convex, produced posteriorly into a rather sharp

point, considerably exceeding the last segment. Surface finely vertically stri-

ate-wrinkled. Margins not raised, the three bristles very slender, about

equally distant from each other and from the apex of the anal segment.

Pre-anal scale small, semi-circular, with two very fine long bristles.

Male genitalia (plate II, figs. 20, 21) simple, of a thin deeply bilobed lamina,

the lobes apically decurved and bidentate, the teeth long and connivent. The

anterior face is hispid at base with short hairs, which grade distad into papil-

le; a few long variously curved hairs near the bottom of the fissure, and a few

others near the margin distad. On the posterior side (fig. 21) springing from

near the base of the lamina are two pairs of plumose-laciniate processes, the

inner pair much shorter, and laciniate on both sides.

Ninth legs of male two-jointed, the basal joint perpendicular, clavate, with

a few long bristles toward the apex, one of which is longer than the others and

eurved basally. This joint passes insensibly into a membranous lamina

which connects the two joints and is not interrupted medianly. Second joint

oblong-oval, with a few bristles near the upper and lower margins. On the

lateral face near the apex is a rounded chitinous knob, which may be inter-

preted as the rudiment of a claw.

Color in alcohol, dull white.

Length 9 mm.; width .4 mm.

We have had for study one male specimen collected by Dr. L.

M. Underwood at Luray Cave, Virginia, September, 1887.

The body of this species is nearly cylindrical, that is, less

fusiform than any other known to us.

Owing probably to the cave life of this species, the exo-skele-

ton usually so hard and brittle, is soft and flexible. Pseudotremia

has not suffered so much modification, as the presence of eyes

also testifies. There appears to be very little carbonate of

lime present, so that on drying the skin of an alcoholic specimen

shrivels up like that of aspider. The legs and other parts wrinkle

instead of breaking, and tend to become distorted in manipula-

tion. Even the mouth-parts are evidently softer than in the

Open-air genera.

62 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Another result of this condition of things is that the joints and

sutures are not so evident, and the distinction between the men-

tum and promentum appears to be obliterated. The mentum, as

well as the surrounding parts, is merely membranous, and no

flexibility would be added if the usual joint were present.

TRICHOPETALUM Harger, 1872 (emended).

Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts IV, 117.

Craspedosoma, Latzel and Bollman; Scoterpes Bollman.

Eyes moderately developed, of several (10-14) ocelli arranged lunately in

two or three curved rows.

Antenne rather short, clavate; third and fifth Joints subequal in length.

Mandibles with nine pectinate lamelle.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments with moderately prominent, shoulder-like carinz.

Male legs with first joint not hispid.

Third, fourth, fifth and sixth legs of males strongly crassate.

Ninth pair of legs of male two-jointed, the distal joint broadly clavate, un-

armed except that on the outer face of the last joint, near the apex is a small,

blunt, chitinized knob, possibly the rudiment of a claw.

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with the coxe perforate.

Genitalia of male consisting of a single pair of decurved structures hirsute

antero-basally and with plumose-laciniate processes posteriorly.

Segments of adult 28.

Distribution: Northeastern North America.

The original description of this genus reads as follows :

‘Sterna not closely united with scuta ; third and fifth joints of the antennz

elongated ; scuta furnished with bristles ; no lateral pores ; eyes present.’’

It will be seen that these characters, with the exception of

‘““eyes present,” are applicable to all Craspedosomatide. Indeed,

it is probable that the genus Trichopetalum would not have been

erected had not its author been misled by Gervais’ figure into the

supposition that in Craspedosoma the pedigerous laminz are co-

alesced. But notwithstanding that the generic characters origi-

nally alleged are entirely insufficient, there can be no doubt that

in Harger’s Trichopetatum lunatum was discovered a generic

type, and we have preferred to retain the name, supplying other

characters for the generic diagnosis.

In comparison with this genus the anterior legs of the males of

Zygonopus are remarkable for their slenderness, only the sixth

legs being comparable in size with the corresponding ones of

Trichopetalum.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 63

The species of Trichopetalum which we have studied have the

ninth legs of the male (Fig. 43), apparently exactly alike. They

differ from those of Zygonopus in being somewhat clavate, in-

stead of obclavate.

The fifth joint of the antenne is equal to or longer than the

third in this genus, Zygonopus and Underwoodia, while in all

other American species of the family the fifth is shorter than the

third, never bearing a greater ratio to it than 8.5: 10. In this

species, too, the fourth joint is about half the length of the fifth,

while in Conotyla the fourth and fifth are subequal.

We are acquainted with three species falling under this genus,

as here characterized. The original description of Trichopetalum

lunatum gives no characters not common to all three, but the fig-

ure of the genitalia, on the other hand, does not bear any close

resemblance to those of either of the species known to us, al-

though it is possible to imagine it as having been made from

either of them. It is thus impossible, without a study of his

type, to know which of our species, if any, was described by Har-

ger. Under these circumstances it would seem that the course

least likely to cause confusion is to describe our three species

hew, giving figures of the genitalia, so that when the type of

T. lunatum is studied a definite conclusion may be facilitated

and the specific name not misapplied.

Trichopetalum lunatum Harger.

Trichopetalum lunatum Harger: Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, IV, p. 118 (1872);

Ryder: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 527 (1882); Packard, Proc. Am.

Philos. Soc. X XI, 192 (1883); McNeill, Bull. No. 3, Brookville Soe.

8, (1888).

Scoterpes lunatus Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XI, 405 (1888);

Bulletin 46 U. 8. Nat. Museum, pp. 106 and 121 (1893).

Plate III, figures 52-54.

“* Dirty white, banded transversely and mottled with light brown anteriorly.

Segments 28; males with 45, females with 46 pairs of legs. Head large,

dilated laterally, covered with short, erect, bristly hairs. Eyes of 10 ocelli,

in a lunate group, convex toward the bases of the antenne. Antenne pilose,

seven-jointed; the joints measure, the first .07 mm., second. 10 mm., third .23

mm., fourth .11 mm., fifth .22 mm., sixth .09 mm., seventh .07 mm. First

scutum nearly semicircular, with the posterior margin slightly concave. Near

the outer angles of this scutum are two small tubercles on each side, each

_ bearing a stout bristle, and higher up a third tubercle on each side also bears

a bristle. The remaining scuta throughout are furnished with three bristles

64 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

on each side, springing from tubercles, the lower two being approximate and _,

situated on the upper surface of the short lateral processes, and the third

higher up on the scutum. Ona few of the posterior segments these bristles

are in a transverse row, and on the last scutum, which is broad and truneate,

the two inner ones are thickened at their bases. There is an impressed dorsal

line. Legs slender, white, hairy, with the penultimate joint lengthened.

The under side of the seventh segment of the male is furnished anteriorly

with a pair of appendages directed backward and curved upward, and pos-

teriorly with a pair of cylindrical jointed organs, directed horizontally out-

ward, tipped with a short bristle, and appearing like modified legs of the pos-

terior subsegment. In crawling these organs have a motion similar to that of

the basal joints of the adjacent legs. Length 6 mm.

‘This species is not uncommon under or among decaying leaves in moist

woods about New Haven.”’

We have copied above the original description of this species,

although a large part of it consists in an enumeration of charac-

ters common to all Craspedosomatide, and nothing diagnostic of

a species is mentioned, with the possible exception of the form of

the ninth legs of the male. The accompanying diagram of the

genitalia and ninth legs, we reproduce (plate III, fig. 54). If cor-

rectly drawn by Harger, it certainly represents a species not seen

by us, as a comparison with our diagrams of corresponding parts

will show.

Trichopetalum albuma sp. n.

Plates II-III, figs. 22-29, 36-45.

Eyes in a lunate patch; the ocelli counted from the exterior edge show the

following arrangement: 44+4-2+-2+-1+1=10, or 44+-2+2+2-+1—11.

Antennze somewhat clavate, .7-.8 mm. long, the fifth joint thickest, .12

mm. in diameter; approximate ratios of length of joints 3: 5: 10-11: 5.5: 10: 5:3.

Lingual lobes with three sense-cones.

First segment broadly reniform, with rather pointed ends, not twice as

broad as long (5:3), with three setigerous tubercles on each side, one near the

posterior angle ; the second cephalad, and somewhat mesad of the first, near

the anterior margin of the segment ; the third about midway between the first

and the median line, and situated in a large shallow depression. A delicate

raised anterior margin. Posteriorly the segment is broadly emarginate.

A delicate median line begins in front of the middle and extends to the poste-

rior margin. Surface smooth and shining, or faintly areolate.

Subsequent segments with the lateral carinz gradually increasing in size to

about the middle of the body, and then decreasing so that the posterior seg-

ments have no distinct carine. The second pair of bristles are gradually

placed more directly mesad from the outer pair, and on the terminal segments

the six bristles are arranged in a straight transverse line. The anterior seg-

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 65

ments are broadly emarginate posteriorly. Posterior dorsal part of segment

smoother than the anterior, and divided from it by a more or less definite

transverse gently curved line. In front of this line the surface is finely areo-

late, behind it smooth and shining, with a few faint, usually longitudinal lines

dividing it into larger areolations. A very fine median ridge, located in a

nearly obsolete furrow. Below the lateral carina the posterior subsegment is

longitudianally striate.

Anal segment short, broadly truncate, laterally broadly sinuate; medianly

the margin of the truncation is slightly produced, giving a convex edge between

the thickened papilliform bases of two long, exceedingly fine hairs which are,

bases included, three times as long as the exposed part of the anal segment.

At the ends of the truncation are two slender bristles, and one farther down

on the sinuation. Two small bristle-bearing tubercles on anterior part of the

segment close to the median line.

Anal valves smooth, not strongly convex, more prominent above the middle,

and with a rounded angle, faintly margined; near the margin on each side

three slender bristles, one close to the superior edge of the valves, the second

near the angle, the third about half-way from the angle to the edge of the pre-

anal scale.

Preanal scale semi-elliptical, posteriorly truncate; two tubercles with long

posteriorly directed setze, near the posterior margin; surface smooth.

Male genitalia (figs. 36-43) simple, consisting of a pair of more or less

arcuate, basally and laterally hirsute structures, behind which are two pairs

of laciniate processes. The apices of the genitalia of different specimens appear

to vary considerably, but in all cases the end is somewhat broadened and

emarginate, so as to leave the corners more or less produced, as shown in fig-

ure 36. ‘The apical portion is flattened and very thin and the different ways

it may be bent and the different angles at which it is consequently viewed

will largely explain the apparent variation. ‘The form shown in figure 41 is

nearly or quite the same as the others, the apparent difference being caused by

the fact that one of the corners is invisible on account of perspective, while

the other is recurved.

Ninth legs of male oblong-clavate, with a few scattered hairs.

Color white, sometimes reticulately mottled with light horn-brown. The

exo-skeleton is so transparent that the contents of the alimentary canal, if

dark-colored, show through as a dark median line.

Length 6 mm.; width .6 mm.

Habitat: Common in moist, wooded localities in central New

York and western Ontario. We have examined about 200 indi-

viduals collected at Onativia, Marcellus, Syracuse, Pratt’s Falls

and Kirkville, New York; also at Orillia, Ontario, and Chief

Island, Lake Couchiching.

On the anterior segments the setigerous tubercles are little

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., EX, Oct., 1895.—5

66 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

more than a circular ring-like base for the setz, while toward the

posterior end of the body they become distinct prominences.

We describe this species with the expectation that it will prove

to be Harger’s lunatum, and consequently the type of the genus

Trichopetalum, if the original specimens can be re-examined.

For the present, however, it does not appear warrantable to make

a determination, for the reasons stated under 7’. lunatum.

Trichopetalum cornutum gp. n.

Plate III, figures 46-49.

Very similar to Z. album, but somewhat larger, the lateral

striations more regular and more pronounced, the elevations lat-

erad from the median seta more prominent, the arrangement of the

ocelli somewhat different, but differing more especially in the male

genitalia. These differ from album in having the apex deeply bi-

lobed, the lobes more or less connivent, figure 49 being a lateral

view. Figures 46 and 48 we were able to understand as being the

same in form as 49, the apparent differences being caused as in

album by the fact that the apical portion is so thin as to be bent

in different ways, and is viewed at different angles. Figure 47

did not so easily homologize, but it is not impossible that it may

do so, and as we had but one specimen it seemed best to include

it here for the present.

The specimens of this species are in rather poor condition,

with the sete nearly all rubbed off. The remaining setz are con-

siderably shorter than in album, but may not be entire. The color

is uniform dirty yellowish, without atrace of the brownish mot-

tlings of ZT. album. This may result from their being cave

animals.

Habitat: Indiana, Bloomington and Coon’s Cave (Bollman).

U.S. National Museum. Numbers 24, 42 and 441.

The Bloomington specimens are mixed with those of the fol-

lowing species. Eight specimens referred to the present species

have been examined, but in their present condition the determina-

tion cannot be made with confidence without dissection sufficient

to show the male genitalia.

Trichopetalum uncumi sp. n.

Plate III, figure 51.

Very similar externally to the two preceding species, but evi-

dently distinct in that the male genitalia are bi-hamate with the

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 67

inner branch large and very deeply bifid, the divisions pointed

and slender.

Habitat : Bloomington, Indiana, collected by Bollman. A

single specimen was found in vial No. 42, of the National Museum

collection, along with material of the preceding species. It should

be noted that none of the Indiana material which we have ex-

amined is the same as that from the East, and that the two species

here established are founded on material which Mr. Bollman de-

termined as 7. lunatum, so that it becomes improbable that the

last species is found in Indiana. A comparison will show that if

Harger’s descriptions and figures cannot be reconciled with our

eastern specimens, still less is this probable in the case of the In-

diana material.

The genitalia of this species show an evident approximation to

the Zygonopus type, for the lateral hooks may be looked upon as

homologous with the outer tooth of Z. whztez, while the inner tooth

of that species is replaced by the forcipate process. Our speci-

men did not show plumose processes, but was not in proper con-

dition to warrant the supposition that they are absent.

Trichopetalum flavidum (Bollman).

Craspedosoma flavidum, Bollman: Entomologica Americana. Vol. iv, p. 2

(April 1888).

Plate III, figure 50. .

“Yellowish brown, feet and antenne lighter. Robust, segments not con-

stricted, lateral carinz small, and body strongly resembling that of Campodes.

Antenne longer than width of body. Ocelli 12-14, distinct, arranged in a tri-

angular patch and in 5 or 6 series. Dorsal plates rather smooth, setigerous

granules small, setze rather large. Male feet crassate, those of female slender.”’

“Length of body 5.8 mm.; width .7 mm.

“* Hab.—Okolona. :

‘* This species strongly resembles a Campodes. In life the individuals are a

dusky yellow. This description is based upon a male and female.’’

In the National Museum collection is a small yellow- female

Specimen with 26 segments purporting to be the type of this

Species. Supposing that it is one of the specimens mentioned hy

Mr. Bollman it is difficult to understand his reiterated statement

of its strong resemblance to Cleidogona (Campodes). The

size and habit are certainly that of Trichopetalum, although the

caringze are somewhat less developed than in the other species

known to us. The sides are striate and the dorsal surface areo-

68 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

late asin 7. album. That this is really a Trichopetalum we are

not confident, but judging from the exterior it is nearer to Tricho-

petalum than to the other genera. One of Mr. Bollman’s specimens

is mentioned as being a male,and it may be reasonably supposed

that he would have recognized and mentioned the conspicuous

and characteristic ninth pair of legs. The eyes depart somewhat

though not seriously, from the Trichopetalum type, for they have

a third row of ocelli in addition to the lunate arrangement in two

rows (fig. 50).

A further difference consists in the fact that the setz are

smaller and arranged more nearly in a transverse line, even on

the anterior segments.

Trichopetalum (?) ocellatum (Packard).

Polydesmus ocellatus Packard: Am. Nat. XVII, 428 (1883).

Craspedosoma packardii Stuxberg: Am. Nat. XIX, p. 400 (1885).

Craspedosoma ocellatum (Vackard) Bollman: Bull. 46 U. 8. Nat. Museum p.

120 (1893).

Plate III, figures 30-35.

‘““The body is small, rather short, somewhat spindle-shaped, and unusually

cylindrical. There are twenty-nine segments behind the head; the scuta are

provided with the usual prominent lateral ridges. There is a row of dorsal

setze on each side of the median line; the surface of the scutes is finely granu-

lated. The sides (genz) of the head are full and swollen, somewhat wider

than the first scute but about as wide as the body behind. Ocelli 12-13 in

number, conspicuous and black. Antennze with joint 4 half as long as 3, joint 5

remarkably thick, increasing in thickness to the end, longer than joints 6 and

7 taken together. Joint 6 not quite as long as thick; joint 7 small, conical;

broad at base where it is nearly as thick as the 6th; the joints rather setose;

there are two terminal flattened sense-setze on the tip of the seventh joint.

The end of the body is moderately blunt, with four setve on each side of the

last segment (anal valves). It is of a pale horn color. Length 4 mm.

‘‘This aberrant form would not at first be regarded as a Polydesmus, but

would be easily mistaken for a Trichopetalus. ‘The individuals were mature

or nearly so, as they were horn-brown. In the cylindrical body and thick

antennz it approaches Polydesmus cavicola Pack., from a cave on the shores of

the Great Salt Lake. It differs from that species, which is eyeless, in the fusi-

form body, much thicker antennz, and the finer granulations as well as the

larger number of segments. ”’

The above is Dr. Packard’s original description. The species

seems to have been placed in Polydesmus because of carine larger

than those of Trichopetalum, and the granulations of the dorsal

surface. From the number of segments, shape of antenne, size,

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 69

and other characters, it seems that the present species is more re-

lated to Trichopetalum than to any other genus described in this

paper. It is possible that a closer study will show that it is the

type of a new genus.

In using Dr. Packard’s description, the fact that he was com-

paring with species of Polydesmus should not be forgotten, and

the “usual prominent lateral ridges” appear to be much larger

than those of any American craspedosomatid known to us. Dr.

Packard also counted the anal valves as a segment, which is not

customary.

That there is but one row of bristles on each side of the median

line, that there are but two olfactory cones, and that these are

Jlattened, are such anomalous characters that we hesitate to credit

their actual existence.

Two years after the original description was published, Dr.

Packard printed a note he had received from Dr. Anton Stuxberg,

of Gothenburg, Sweden, relative to the ‘‘ Generic position of Poly-

desmus ocellatus.” The species is referred to the European genus

Craspedosoma on account of the general fact that this genus has

eyes and thirty segments, Dr. Stuxberg having had no oppor-

tunity of examining specimens.

A change in the specific name is also proposed, on the follow- ©

ing ground:

“In consequence of the necessity of ranging your species in

another genus, all the members of which are provided with eyes,

the specific name ocellatus should be removed and another intro-

duced instead of it. I propose the name Craspedosoma pack-

ard.”

Distinctive specific names are of course desirable, but a general

application of Dr. Stuxberg’s principle would necessitate too

many changes to make possible its admission as a rule of nomen-

clature, hence the original name is here retained.

Dr. Stuxberg also implies his belief that Dr. Packard’s speci-

mens were immature, being credited with but 28 segments (29 if

the anal valves are counted), but we are convinced that 28 is the

normal number for Trichopetalum. Dr. Stuxberg’s statement

that immature specimens of Craspedosoma have 29 and 27 seg-

ments, does not agree with other European writers, according to

whom the stages are 26, 28, 30.

70 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

CONOTYLA gen. nov.

Eyes of numerous (16-19)* prominent ocelli arranged in triangular patches.

Antenne long or very long, slender or sub-clavate; third joint longest.

Mandibles with eleven pectinate lamelle.

Promentum not distinct.* :

Segments with moderately prominent, shoulder-lke carinz.

Anterior male legs with ventral face of the last joint hispid with fine

bay onet-like spines.

First two pairs of legs much smaller than the others; legs 4, 5 and 6 of

males somewhat crassate.

Second legs of males with a cushion-like, cone-bearing process on the third

joint; legs 4 and 5 with a similar process on the fourth joint.

Male genitalia of two distinct pairs, the posterior larger, attached to the

bases of the ninth legs.

- Ninth legs of male two-jointed, the distal joint oval, unarmed, without a

chitinous knob.

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with large coxal apertures directed meso-

caudad.

Eleventh legs of male with a meso-proximally directed process arising from

the base of the third joint.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution—N ortheastern North America.

In addition to the above, the following characters are common

to all the species we have examined :—

Body fusiform, broadest at about the 9th segment, narrowed abruptly ceph-

alad, and very gradually caudad; in cross-section nearly circular, with rather

prominent lateral elevations.

Labrum with the lateral teeth exceeding the middle one, but not projecting

as far as the sides of the labrum.

Antenne with average ratio of length of joints2.5:4.5:7-8.5: 7: 10:5:1.5.

Antepenultimate segment without carinz, that is, the surface between the

bristle-bearing tubercles is not elevated.

Penultimate with its ventral portion nearly covered by the preceding seg-

ment. :

Anal segment with two long transparent papille on the posterior trunca-

tion; from each papilla springs a long slender bristle.

The genitalia of the species of this genus are, as far as known,

double, that is consist of two entirely distinct pairs of structures

(e. g., plate IV, fig. 73), and in this respect otfer a sharp distine-

tion from those of Zygonopus and Trichopetalum, the nearest

* The ocelli number 24, and a promentum is present in Conotyla leibergi sp.

n., which is provisionally placed in the present genus, with which it appar-

ently has most affinity. Males are not known.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 71

generic relatives. We have little faith in the homologies of these

structures suggested by European writers, for though in some

special cases they may sometimes appear reasonable, a general

application is notevident. In dissecting C. fischeri we found that

the posterior pair of genital processes always remained attached

to the ninth pair of legs, while the anterior pair remained in the

body, and on account of their small size were at first overlooked.

An examination of other species showed in each the two pairs of

structures, though the anterior is much reduced, and perhaps func-

tionless. The posterior pair of genitalia may perhaps be homolo-

gous to the larger of the plumose processes of Trichopetalum.

This genus much resembles in characters of form, carine and

spines the three genera Zygonopus, Scoterpes and Trichopetalum.

From the first two of these it is distinct in the possession of well-

developed eyes, and from the last in having 30 segments.

The spines of the pectinate lamelle are sometimes bifid at the

tip, especially in the middle rows.

In this genus the bayonet-like spines of the last joint are found

on all or nearly all the male legs, becoming fewer and smaller on

the posterior legs.

In describing the species of this genus we have made frequent

comparisons with Conotyla fischeri, the type of the genus, a new

species of which we have abundant material and are hence able

to describe more thoroughly than the other species.

Conotyla fischeri sp. n.

Plates IV—V, figures 55-78.

Hyes prominent, broadly triangular, the ocelli arranged in four rows, 2-4

-+6+-7=19, the short rows being towards the antennz. The direction of the

rows is oblique to the posterior margin of the vertex, and diverging mesad.

Antenne filiform, 2.8 to 3.2 mm. long, .14 to .16 mm. thick; approximate

ratio of lengths of joints beginning with the seventh, 2.5: 4: 8: 7:10: 5: 1.5.

First segment viewed from above semicircular-reniform; a fine ridge, or

rather row of minute, bead-like protuberances; a small plane or slightly de-

pressed area on each side of the median line near the centre of the surface of

the segment; on each side the customary three bristles and accompanying

prominences, the outer and larger bristle being usually directed horizontally

outward and located on the small carina or lateral corner of the segment.

Second bristle much smaller, located a little mesad and cephalad of the other,

near the margin of the sezment; third bristle about midway between the sec-

ond and the median line, and directly mesad from the first bristle.

(ea a The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Mentum semi-elliptical, about twice as broad as long. It is difficult to de-

termine the posterior edge, as the chitin is gradually thinner, passing into a

transparent membrane. A cross-section, however, shows that the chitinized

membrane extends back to a transverse ridge and furrow, giving the mentum

the proportions assigned above.

Promentum obsolete, the pointed triangular space between the rounded an-

terior edge of the mentum and the lingual laminz is covered by a transparent

membrane, sometimes appearing chitinized, but not to the same extent as the

surrounding parts.

Stipes of gnathochilarium with two cardos, an exterior, subtriangular, and

a larger interior, sharply serrated along its anterior edge (see plate). Includ-

ing the processes, the stipes are five times as long as their greatest width, which

occurs anteriorly; sparsely hirsute posteriorly with short bristles; a row of

longer bristles along the lateral margin anteriorly; one long bristle about the

middle, considerably removed from the anterior margin. Exterior process

with nine cones, 4 on the apex, the others on the exterior face. Interior pro-

cess thicker than the exterior, with 12-10 cones, all on the apex.

Lingual laminz about three times as long as broad, the anterior and pos-

terior edges nearly straight, converging mesad; a few (7-8) scattered bristles,

a very long one near the anterior-exterior corner. Lingual lobes semicircular,

subequal to base of inner process; with 4-5 cones, the inner of which is larger,

longer, sharp-pointed and curved mesad.

Middle lobe of tongue subequal to the lingual laminze, equal in width. to

inner process; anterior edges straight, meeting at a right angle, or rounded.

Lingual process longer than broad; middle tooth large, one or both of the

small lateral teeth frequently obsolete.

Second segment about half as long as the first, the two outer bristles located

on the upper side of the carina, the second nearly directly cephalad from the

first, the third about midway between the first and the median line.

Third and subsequent segments gradually longer, and with larger, some-

what oblique, carinze, on which the two outer bristles are located. The third

bristle is gradually farther away from the median line on the succeeding seg-

ments, and directed more obliquely backward. The anterior subsegments

have about five transverse parallel lines connected by fine longitudinal lines. ~

Beginning at the middle of the first segment, and extending caudad over all

the segments except the anal, is a fine median ridge, with a fine furrow on

each side. Near the ventral edge of each segment, beginning with the second,

is a thin oblique carina, nearly parallel to the thickened ventral margin, so

that its posterior end is higher; this carina has a downward curve or angle on

the anterior segments, and is straighter on the posterior.

Posterior segments have the carinze gradually smaller, and the middle pair

of bristles come closer to the median line. The surface of all the segments is

finely areolate; on the lateral and ventral surfaces are fine parallel furrows

suggesting the striated condition in Iulidz. Posterior middle portion of the

segment frequently with a few oblique wrinkles or depressions.

Antepenultimate segment shortest, without keel, that is the surface be-

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 73

tween the bristle-bearing protuberances is scarcely elevated, and the bristles

are nearly in a traverse line.

Penultimate segment almost covered by the preceding; bristles in a

_ straight row; posterior margin very finely serrate, as is also that of the pre-

ceding segments, but to a less degree.

Anal segment truncate posteriorly, slightly emarginate in the middle, lat-

: erally broadly sinuate. There are eight bristles, two close to the median line,

near the middle of the segment, the others close to the posterior margin; at

the emargination, one on each side of the median line, a pair of very slender

bristles with large conic bases as long as the anterior pair of bristles; one bris-

tle at each angle of the truncation; below these a third pair in the upper part

of the sinuation. All the bristles of this segment are more slender than those

of the preceding segments.

Anal valves subequal to the anal segment, above with a blunt angle, con-

vex; a slight ridge near the somewhat faintly raised margins bears three slen-

der bristles at equal distances from each other; the superior bristle is much

closer to the anal segment than the inferior one is to the preanal scale.

Preanal scale semicircular, faintly truncate or medianly emarginate, bear-

ing on each side, not far from the median linea setigerous tubercle; the bristles

very slender, nearly twice as long as those of the anal valves, directed poster-

iorly and upward, lying close to the anal valves.

First pair of legs of male small, six-jointed, the joints beyond the cox

measuring respectively .08, .34, .18, .12, and .42 mm., third and fourth joints:

widest, .12 mm.; no roughenings or protuberances; claw large, with two

large secondary claws on the superior edge.

Second pair of legs of male also six-jointed, larger than first pair, measure-

ments of corresponding joints, .10, .40, .18, .12 and .44 mm.; second joint

thickest, .14 mm., not including a large rounded protuberance near the mid-

dle of the inferior surface of the joint. The diameter of this protuberance is

about half that of the joint, and its surface is covered with transparent chitin-

ous cones of various sizes. Claw as for the first legs. ;

Third pair of legs of male seven-jointed, lengths of joints, from coxa, .20,

-04, .34, .46, .16, .12, .48 mm.; width of third joint .22 mm. The inferior

surface of the distal half of the seventh joint is covered with hook-like, trans-

parent processes arranged in longitudinal rows. Claw without evident second-

ary claws.

Fourth pair of legs of male with joints measuring .20, .04, .34, .54, .20, .14

and .46 mm., width of third and fourth joints .24 mm. About one-

third of the distance from the distal end of the fourth joint a large subclavate

protuberance about as broad as long, the surface covered with cones like the

protuberance of the second leg. The seventh joint is roughened like that of

the third leg. No secondary claws.

Fifth legs of male; joints .14, .04, .40, .52, .18, .14 and .54 mm., third joint

-24mm. wide. A large protuberance similar to that of the fourth legs. No

secondary claws.

Sixth legs same as fifth in proportion of joints, ete. Third joint similar to

second joint of second leg.

14 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Seventh legs of male with joints of similar proportions; on the side of the

proximal end of the fourth joint a long, nearly cylindrical process, at the end

with four large teeth, between which its surface is beset with smail cones.

The distal end of the coxa has a rounded protuberance covered with small

knobs. This protuberance is on the inferior-posterior surface of the coxa,

and it appears to fit against the anterior of the two pairs of genitalia.

Tenth legs of male with nearly the same proportions as the seventh, slightly

more slender, coxze closely approximate, each produced into a protuberance

next to the median line; the protuberance is distally of soft tissue, and very

irregular in shapeand size. Seventh joint roughened below with hooks. Claw

with two small secondary claws on superior edge.

Eleventh legs of male with similar proportions; third joint inferiorly and

proximally with a cylindrical process directed mesad. Seventh joint with

hook-like roughenings more confined to distal portion; two secondary claws.

Twelfth legs of male slightly longer and more slender than the others. Sey-

enth joint as for eleventh legs. Two secondary claws; inferior surface of

coxee with small knobs.

The legs of females are ina general way similar in size and shape to those

of males, but the anterior are more slender, aud all are destitute of the pecu-

liar knobs, processes, and protuberances.

The normal legs of the body are more slender than the anterior pairs. The

bayonet-like structures of the seventh joint gradually decrease in number,

and disappear at the forty-fifth pair. The surface of the coxee of all the legs

is roughened with small conical knobs, as is also the surface of the pedifer-

ous lamine.

In the inferior groove of the claw of all the legs of this species is a very

delicate hair extending considerably beyond the claw, to which it lies closely

appressed. We have not been able to find any similar structure in other species.

Color obscure horn-brown, with dark brown points, especially on the ex-

posed posterior portions of the segments; ventral portions mottled. Proximal

joints of legs paler, the distal dark brown; antenne fuscous. Penultimate

segment pale, the last segment dark.

Length of large specimen 18 mm. ; width 1.6 mm.

Habitat—Central New York. We have collected about

100 specimens from the following localities :—Syracuse, James-

ville, Onativia and Marcellus, Onondaga county; Wolcott, Wayne

county; Farmington, Ontario county. At Marcellus several in-

dividuals were found under the loose bark of a fallen butternut.

tree (Juglans cinerea). All the other specimens were found

among leaves and rotting vegetable matter in moist woods.

It gives us great pleasure to name this species for our friend,

Prof. J. T. Fischer, of Syracuse University, whose keen powers

of vision and lively company contributed greatly to the success.

and pleasure of many collecting expeditions in central New York.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 15

:. Conotyla atrolineata (Boll. ).

Craspedosoma atrolineatum Bollman: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. X, p. 618

"4 (1887); Bulletin 46 U. S. Nat. Museum, pp. 35 and 183 (1893).

Plate VI, figures 95-100.

_ Eyes rounded triangular in shape, the ocelli in diagonal rows beginning

posteriorly 7--6--4--3=20, or 7--6--4--2=19.

Antenne filiform, 2.5 mm. long, .14 thick, ratio of lengths of joints begin-

ning with the seventh, 3: 4.5: 8: 7.5: 10: 5.5: 1.5, the seventh being propor-

tionally longer than in other species of the genus. The antenne are somewhat

stouter than in fischeri and bollmani, cf. figs. 64, 83 and 95.

Gnathochilarium apparently not different from C. fischeri, except that the

lingual processes are strongly tridentate.

First segment reniform; anterior margin and setigerous tubercles as in

C. fischeri.

Subsequent segments with carinz rather large, swollen, surface finely reticu-

- lated, anterior subsegment with about three transverse parallel ridges, some-

times concealed by the preceding segment. Between the anterior and posterior

_ Subsegments there sometimes appears a row of small, bead-like ridges.

Anal segment smooth, the posterior scarcely or not at all depressed. The

two anterior setze very close together, the others as in C. fischeri.

Anal valves slightly convex, the posterior margins nearly straight up to the

angulation which is quite sharp and equal to the anal segment.

Preanal scale as in C. fischeri.

Male genitalia of the anterior pair with (fig. 97) a large bulbous base, bifid

distally, the larger division laciniate-dentate at apex. ‘The posterior pair of

genitalia (fig. 96) are much more complex than in bollmani or fischeri.

Color light horn-brown, the carinze and a rather broad dorsal line darker,

sometimes very dark.

Length 14 mm.; width 1.3 mm.

We have examined nine specimens referred to this species.

One mature male and two females. U.S. N. M. No. 439, from

Glacier, B. C.; five immature specimens U. S. N. M. 332, from the

same place, and one female from Winona, Minnesota (No. 331).

The type of this species was from Glacier, B. C., and we have

examined specimens from that locality. Mr. Bollman also re-

ported this species from Winona, Minn. (Coll. Holzinger). The

‘Single female specimen is now in the National Museum. It has

three dark longitudinal lines, but the color is lighter than the typi-

cal specimen, the animal considerably more robust, less attenuate

posteriorly. The arrangement of the ocelli is also different in

Specimens from the two localities, cf. figs. 99 and 100.

We would not be surprised if when the males are collected the

Species will prove to be distinct. The great difference in habitat

76 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

also indicates probable distinctness, for with the possible excep- —

tion of Underwoodia iuloides (Harger) there is no chordeumid

species known from localities so widely separated.

Conotyla bollmani (McNeill).

Trichopetalum bollmani McNeill: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum X, 330 (1887);

Bull. Brookville Soc. IIT, 8 (1888).

Craspedosoma bollmani (McNeill) Bollman: Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. X, p. 619;

Bull. 46 U. 8. Nat. Mus., p. 36.

Scoterpes bollmani (McNeill) Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XI, 405,

1888; Bull. 46 U. S. Nat. Mus., 106.

Plate V, figures 79-94.

Eyes triangular of about 19 ocelli, arranged in four rows, as in C. fischeri,

2+4+46-+7, though this formula is varied by the interposition of small ocelli,

and the curving of the rows.

Antenne filiform, 3.5 mm. long, .16 mm. thick; ratio of lengths of joints

beginning with the seventh, 2.5: 4.5: 8: 7.5: 10: 4.5: 1.

Gnathochilarium as in C. fischeri.

First segment semicircular or subreniform; about half way from the median

line to the lateral angle is a well-pronounced depression about the size of the

base of an antenna; the middle tubercle is also situated in a smaller, more

shallow depression. Tubercles arranged as in C. fischeri. Surface nearly

smooth, a very fine median furrow beginning about the middle of the segment,

and extending to the posterior margin. Anterior margin raised.

Subsequent segments nearly the same as in C. fischeri. ‘The ridge of the

dorsal furrow is somewhat fainter, and the oblique wrinkles of the posterior

portion of the segment do not appear. Moreover the whole dorsal surface of

the segments is very minutely hispid with microscopic point-like bristles,

either not present or scarce in C. fischeri. Posterior setee as long as the seg-

ments.

Anal segment without median furrow or ridge, truncate behind for a dis-

tance of about half the breadth of the segment, the eight sete arranged as in

C. fischeri, except that the outside pair are farther away from those above them

than in that species. Surface more finely areolate punctate than the other seg-

ments and with the microscopic point-like hairs.

Anal valves not strongly convex, more prominent above the middle, and

almost angulate, with three setigerous tubercles along the margin somewhat

more prominent than in C fischeri. The surface of the valves is like that of —

he anal segment.

Preanal scale as in C. fischeri.

Color uniform light horn-brown.

Length 17 mm.; width 1.7 mm.

Habitat: Caves near Bloomington, Indiana. We have ex-

amined about 40 specimens, as follows: Bloomington U. S.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. Wi

'N. M. No. 8; Truitt’s Cave, No. 234; Neal’s Cave, No. 235;

~ Coon’s Cave, Nos. 236 and 443; also Nos. 419 and 447, with no

- locality given. MecNeill’s types were from Mayfield’s Cave, five

miles northwest of Bloomington. The species is reported by

Bollman from all the above localities and from Phitt’s and Done-

hue’s Caves, Bedford, Indiana, and said to be abundant.

Conotyla leibergi sp. n.

Plate VI, figures 102-104.

Eyes subtriangular, the posterior dorsal side straight, other sides curved,

beginning at posterior dorsal side arranged 9+6-+-5-+-3+1=24, the first row

- with two small ocelli.

Antenne subclavate, length 1.7 mm., 6th joint thickest, .16 mm. in diam-

eter; ratio of lengths of joints, beginning with the seventh, 2: 4:7: 6.5: 10:

5:5.

Gnathochilarium differing from that of the three preceding species in the

possession of a small, broadly triangular promentum.

First segment anteriorly nearly semicircular, posteriorly slightly emargin-

ate, margined anteriorly to the lateral angles; a fine dorsal line posteriorly;

the three tubercles located as in C. fischeri.

Subsequent segments with gradually swollen carinze of moderate size, pro-

portionally not so large and abruptly elevated as in C. fischeri. ‘The lines

and reticulations as in that species, but more pronounced.

Anal segment broadly truncate, more so than in C. fischeri. Bristles ar-

ranged as in that species.

Anal valves subequal to anal segment, the angle more pronounced than in

C. fischeri; moderately convex, margined, with three bristles, arranged as in

C. fischeri:

Anal scale small, nearly semicircular; two tubercles, with long sete ap-

pressed to the anal valves.

Color: Dorsum dark fuscous-brown, nearly black, a fine median line, a line

along the tubercles, the ventral portions, feet and extremities of the body

paler, horn-brown or sordid. Antennz dark brown. On some paler speci-

mens the darker color of the posterior subsegments gives the appearance of a

series of transverse dark bands and a row of dark spots along the sides.

The carinee of this species are proportionally not so large and abruptly ele-

vated as in C. fischeri. ;

Length 14 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Habitat: Lake Pend d’Oreille, Idaho.

We have examined three female specimens collected on “ dry

granite ledges, in tufts of moss.” The material was sent us by

Mr. J. B. Leiberg, for whom we take pleasure in naming this

Species.

eas

78 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

We attempted to identify this species with Trichopetalum glo-

meratum Harger, but the differences in color, size and number

of ocelli are too great to permit this.

The characters of the antenne, gnathochilarium and ocelli ren-

der this species quite distinct from atrolineata. Indeed, it is

probable that when the males are found this species will prove

generically distinct from Conotyla.

Conotyla glomerata (Harger).

Trichopetalum glomeratum Harger: Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, IV, pp. 118

(1872).

Craspedosoma glomeratum (Harger) Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum X, 619

(1887); Bull. 46 U. S. Nat. Mus. pp. 36 and 120.

Plate VI, figure 104a. i

‘This species is somewhat larger than the preceding (lwnatum), but closely

resembles it, except in the following points: The general color is somewhat

darker. The eyes of 19 ocelli in a subtriangular patch. There are 31 seg-

ments, and the fifth joint of the antenne is much shorter than the third.

These joints, except the first, measure: second .20 mm.; third .40 mm.; fourth

.24 mm.; fifth .33 mm.; sixth .18 mm.; seventh 12mm. Length of animal

10 mm.

‘“A single specimen of this species was collected by the writer in the valley

of the John Day River, Oregon, in October, 1871.’’

The original description of this species is so brief that the

generic position must remain in doubt. A general resemblance

to Trichopetalum lunatum is alleged, but the thirty(-one) seg-

ments, the shorter fifth joint of the antenne and the triangular

eyes show a close approximation with Conotyla.

Conotyla wyandotte (Bollman).

Scotherpes wyandotte Bollman: Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum XI, p. 405 (1888).

Bull. 46 U. S. Nat. Museum p. 106 (1893).

Plate VI, figure 101.

“* Diagnosis: Related to Cr. lunatum (Harger), but the color dark, ocelli

arranged in a triangular patch, and the body larger and more robust.

Habitat: Wyandotte, Indiana.

Type: U.S. National Museum.

Description: Body stout, short, scarcely depressed. Dorsal plates reticu-

lated; lateral carinse as in Junatum. Ocelli 16-4, in a triangular patch. Yel-

lowish-brown ; legs pale. Length .10 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.

This new species is described from a female which was found a few miles

north of Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County [Indiana].’’

———- -

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 19

The triangular eyes, dark colorand larger size indicate that this

species has more characters in common with Conotyla than with

Trichopeialam, though when males are found it is likely to prove

distinct from both genera.

We examined the type specimen, U. 8. Nat. Museum No. 440,

and made the following notes :—

Eyes (fig. 101) triangular, the ocelli in diagonal rows beginning posteriorly

14+6+5+3+41=16. Three ocelli border on the lateral margin of the head.

First segment with posterior margin convex, otherwise as in C. fischert.

Subsequent segments with the median bristles longer than the exterior ones,

at least on posterior segments. The tubercle on which the interior bristle is

located is just mesad of the much swollen carina. An elevated ridge runs

above both the exterior tubercles. Segments of the middle of the body short,

bristles rather close together, the median pair located well ahead. Anterior

Subsegments with four or five rows of small, oblong elevations set close to-

gether. The usual median furrows aud ridge present, but faint. On the pos-

terior segments the carinz gradually disappear, and the protuberances tend to

become arranged in a straight line.

Penultimate segment equal in length to the antepenultimate.

Anal segment contracted posteriorly, viewed from above it appears squarely

truncate. The usual eight bristles present.

Anal valves not prominent, margins scarcely raised; above slightly exceed-

ing last segment, and faintly angled; each with three bristles, the superior one

close to the apex of the anal segment.

In September 1893 two female specimens of a species bearing

a general resemblance to wyandotte were collected in a swampy

pasture at Grass Lake, near Jackson, Michigan.

Habitat: Known only from the vicinity of Bloomington,

Indiana.

UNDERWOODIA gen. nov.

Eyes moderately developed, of numerous (13) ocelli arranged in triangular

patches.

Antenne moderately robust, subclavate, third joint longest, or the fifth

subequal. —

Mandibles with eight pectinate lamelle.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments with lateral carinee strizform, appearing only on the anterior

segments; setigerous tubercles minute.

Legs rather robust; terminal joints of male legs not hispid.

First pair of legs of male robust.

Second legs of male strongly crassate, the coxee produced, hamate; claw

very small.

re dy

80 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Third legs of male moderately crassate; coxee produced, third joint much

swollen.

Legs 4-7 not specially modified.

Genitalia of male of two pairs of laminee, the anterior broad, the posterior

slender.

Ninth legs of male two-jointed; basal joint bulbous, attenuate above; second

joint broadly oval.

Tenth legs with coxa much enlarged, the other joints reduced.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution: Northeastern North America.

This genus is named for Dr. L. M. Underwood, to whose kind-

ness we are indebted for the opportunity of studying Myriapoda.

The following new species is made the type of the genus be-

cause the male is known, and the generic secondary sexual char-

acters are drawn from this species. In the other characters the

two species agree, except in the proportions of the antennal joints.

A noteworthy fact regarding this genus is the enormous pre-

ponderance of females. We have collected nearly 300 specimens,

of which but two are males. In most Diplopoda the females are

more numerous than the males, but such a proportion as this is

not reached elsewhere, as far as we are aware. The other genera

of Craspedosomatide do not seem to have the sexes especially

unequal in number.

Underwocdia polygamia sp. n.

Plate X, figures 180-190.

Body fusiform, broadest about the middle, narrowed gradually to both

ends.

Vertex prominent, smooth and shining, without evident sulcus.

Clypeus sparsely hirsute below; evenly convex.

Eyes broadly triangular, of 13 ocelli arranged in three rows 6+5+2. The

external ocellus of the upper rows is somewhat above the line of those with

which it is counted.

Antenne moderately robust, slightly clavate; the approximate ratios of

lengths of joints, beginning with the seventh: 3:4.5:9:5:10:5:3. Joints all

hirsute, the distal more than the proximal.

Mentum rounded in front and behind.

Promentum triangular, the posterior side concave.

Stipes and lingual laminze with a few long hairs.

Lingual lobes with three sense-cones.

Styliform processes deeply trifid, the middle tooth smallest.

First segment broadly reniform, the posterior corners rather square; not

medianly emarginate behind. Outer setigerous tubercles somewhat mesad

The Craspedosomatide of North America 81

from the posterior corner; second tubercle about midway between the first

and third; the third rather close to the median line. Tubercles very small,

located in very slight depressions; the setze slender and if horizontal would

nearly reach the posterior margin of the segment.

Surface of all the segments apparently smooth and shining, but if suffi-

ciently magnified it appears finely reticulate-areolate, the areas being irregu-

larly hexagonal or quadrate. On the anterior subsegments the areolation is

somewhat coarser and more regular, consisting of rectangles in transverse

rows. On the sides of the segments and below the longitudinal lines of the

reticulations become more distinct giving the appearance of longitudinal stria-

tions. The usual fine median line distinct.

Carine very fine, linear, strizeform, oblique, the anterior end being higher;

the carinze gradually decrease in size from the first segment and disappear

about the tenth. Below, near to and parallel with the ventral edge of the

seoments is a fine furrow, more evident on posterior segments.

Setigerous tubercles and setz also decreasing in size from the first segment,

almost disappearing on the middle segments. On posterior segments the

tubercles and sete increase in size, extending beyond the posterior margins of

their segments.

Posterior segments not much shorter than the anterior.

_ Anal segment without median line; broadly truncate; the dorsal pair of

tubercles very small and close together, located in a very slight transverse

furrow, the seta not reaching the posterior margin of the segment. The conic

processes of the posterior margin as long as the distance from their bases to the

anterior pair of tubercles; from their apices extend very slender hairs (fre-

quently broken off) equalling in length the conic bases. The next pair of

marginal setze located near the corners of the truncation, and as long as the

conic processes.

Anal valves smooth or with faint vertical wrinkles; three setigerous tuber-

cles somewhat removed from the slightly compressed margin.

Preanal scale semicircular, broadly emarginate; two tubercles and slender

setze. :

Pedigerous laminz plain in front, reticulate-areolate, mucronate between

the bases of the legs.

Legs of both sexes rather robust.

First legs of male (fig. 180) six-jointed, rather robust; basal joint with apex

hirsute with fine hairs; second joint broader than long; last joint with a comb

of coarser hairs along the ventral side; claw large; two supplementary claws.

Second legs of male (fig. 181) six-jointed, strongly crassate; basal joint pro-

duced into a long chitinous hook; second joint very small; joints 3-6 very

_ stout and hirsute with fine flexuous hairs; last joint densely clothed with long

flexuous hairs, especially long at apex, and far exceeding the very small claw.

Third legs of male (fig. 182) seven-jointed; basal joint produced into

rounded processes with a tuft of flexuous hairs at apex; second joint very

small, concealed (in the drawing) behind the first and third joints; third joint

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, Nov., 1895—6

82 The Craspedosomatide of North America

strongly crassate; fourth joint less crassate, the others nearly normal, except

that all are hirsute; claw very small, but larger than on the second legs.

Legs 4-7 not specially modified.

Male genitalia (figs. 186-187) consisting of an anterior lamina deeply bifid

at apex, the divisions subequal, curved backward; anterior lamina simple,

narrow, subequal in length to the other; a median subclavate process arising

from the pedigerous lamina.

Ninth legs of male (figs. 186-187) two jointed, the basal joint large and

bulbous at base, gradually attenuate distad into a point, subequal to the geni-

talia in length; second joint broadly oval, attached by a narrow base to the

outer side of the first joint; outer face of second joint somewhat flattened,

hirsute externally (anterior face) and distally, also with a few papille.

Tenth legs of male with the coxe (fig. 185) greatly enlarged and with an

irregular mass of membrane or hardened secretion attached to the ventral

side; other joints normal but reduced in size.

Color dark horn-brown, lighter below. The shade varies, some specimens

being much lighter than others. The darkest color is upon the head and the

exposed portion of the anterior subsegments, giving the animal alternate bands

of darker and lighter brown, if examined more closely. Last segment and

anal valves dark. Excepting the dark band the segments are spotted and

mottled with light brown or whitish. A fine median line pale or whitish.

Feet pale, the distal joints darker than the proximal. Antenne dark, each

joint finely ringed with white at base.

Length about 8 mm.; width .65 mm.

Habitat: We have collected about 80 specimens on the

north shore of Long Island, New York, May, 1893, at two sta-

tions about seven miles apart, Centreport and Cold Spring.

The habitat was in both cases quite the same, among rotting

leaves on a heavily wooded hillside where the ground was

springy and moist all the year. The Cold Spring station is near

the building of the New York State Fish Commission. Of the

nearly 80 specimens but two were males, hence the specific name.

Specimens were not abundant and several hours were spent col-

lecting them, in the hope of finding more males, so that the ma-

terial for study might be more abundant, the animal being so

small that nothing can be made out with accuracy without dis-

section.

The species differs from U. culozdes in being slightly larger, of

dark color, in the better development of the eves, and in havy-

ing the third joint of the antenne longer than the fifth.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 83

Underwoodia iuloides (Harger).

Trichopetalum iuloides Harger: Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, IV, 118 (1872);

Ryder: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. III, 527 1881; Packard: Proc. Am.

Philos. Soc. XXI, 192 (1883).

Chordeuma iuloides (Harger) Bollman: Bull. 46 U. S. Nat. Mus. 121 (1893).

Plate X, figures 177-179.

Eyes more or less triangular, of about 13 ocelli, without evident arrange-

ment into rows.

Antennz moderately clavate .75 to .85 mm. long, fifth joint thickest, .10 to

.12 mm. in diameter; ratio of lengths of joints, beginning with the seventh,

3: 4.5: 8-10: 5.5: 10: 5: 3. Olfactory cones very slender and sharp-pointed.

First segment smooth, nearly semi-circular in front, straight behind, except

a slight emargination in the middle; with a very fine raised margin anteriorly

to the lateral angles. Median furrow indistinct. Three fine, hair-like setz

on each side, one close to the lateral angle, one a short distance from the me-

dian line and one midway between.

Subsequent segments nearly smooth, a very fine dorsal line, the first five or

six segments with a slight trace of lateral carine, the others smooth, as in

Tulidz. Each segment has three small bristles on each side, situated as on

the first segment. On posterior segments the bristles become larger, have a

prominent base, and are closer to the posterior margin of the segment. The

ventral edges of anterior segments, at least, are sharply and finely serrate.

Anal segment smooth, as viewed from above having a semi-circular outline,

posteriorly truncate. From the posterior margin of the truncation, near the

middle, come two long conic papille, each tipped with a very slender flexuous

hair. At each corner of the truncation, a little removed from the margin is a

slender bristle directed backward; another posteriorly-directed slender bristle

some distance below, near the sinuation. The other two dorsal bristles are

near the median line, some distance behind the middle of the segment, and

each located in a depression.

Color light horn-brown, mottled with white, many specimens show very lit-

tle brown and are dirty white in color, especially in aleohol. The body is so

transparent that the contents of the alimentary canal frequently give the ap-

pearance of a dark dorsal stripe.

Length 6.5-8 mm.; width .6 mm.

Habitat: North Eastern North America. MHarger’s type

was from Simmons’ Harbor, north shore of Lake Superior. We

have collected specimens at Orillia, Ontario; abundant on Chief

Island, Lake Couchiching; Grass Lake, near Jackson, Michigan ;

and at several localities in central New York; Syracuse, Kirk-

ville, Marcellus. A careful search is likely to be successful in

any wooded locality which is so situated as to soil and drainage

as to be always moist, without being submerged. Individuals are

84 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

however, seldom abundant, and we have spent considerable time

in collecting about 200. None of these are males, so that the

generic position of the species must remain somewhat in doubt.

We were very unwilling to believe that so large a number

of specimens were all females, and re-examined them several -

times ; finally, in order to make sure that the internal structure

corresponded with the external appearance, longitudinal sections

of about 30 were cut, all of which showed more or less developed

eggs. We had begun to suspect parthenogenesis or some other

reproductive arrangement novel in Diplopoda when the specimens

of U. polygama were collected. Males were in that case found,

but with a disproportion of sexes so great as to encourage the

hope that the males of duloides will be discovered by persistent

collecting. ;

Some specimens of this species have the fifth joint of the

antennee equal to the third, a character otherwise found only in

Trichopetalum. The length, however, is not entirely the same in

specimens from the different localities.

CASEYA gen. nov.

Eyes well developed, of numerous (23) ocelli, arranged in subtriangular

patches.

Antenne moderately robust, clavate, third joing longest.

Mandibles with eleven pectinate lamelle.

Promentum present, triangular.

Segments cylindrical, without lateral carinze, longitudinally striate; setiger-

ous tubercles minute.

Legs slender; terminal] joint of male legs not hispid.

First legs of male small and slender.

Second legs of male very slender, the coxe produced into a curved process;

chird joint tuberculate on the ventral face; claw normal.

Third legs of male not crassate; coxse produced, third joint not swollen.

Legs 4 and 5 not specially modified.

Sixth legs with coxa somewhat enlarged, and with a tuft of hairs.

Seventh legs of male with the coxa much enlarged, the other joints reduced.

Genitalia of male of two pairs of laminz, the anterior large, the posterior

smaller, both pairs complex.

Ninth legs of male two-jointed, the basal joint broad at base, produced

distad, second joint broadly oval.

Tenth legs of male with coxee much enlarged, the other joints reduced.

Segments of adult 30.

Distribution: California.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 85

This genus is named for Captain Thomas L. Casey, to

whom our thanks are due for a collection of Californian Myri-

apoda including this and other interesting forms.

Caseya differs from Underwoodia in the more numerous ocelli

and pectinate lamelle, the entire absence of carine, the pro-

nounced lateral striz, the slender anterior male legs, and the greatly

enlarged coxee of the seventh legs of the male. Many other differ-

ences of the same or less importance might be enumerated, such

as the shape of the modified coxe of the second and third pairs

of male legs, the slight modification of the coxe of the sixth

male legs, the process of the coxe of the tenth legs, and the

oblique carinz of the cox of the tenth and following legs; also

the form of the male genitalia and ninth male legs, for these dif-

ferences are not paralleled among the species of the other genera.

On the other hand there can be no doubt that these two genera

form a natural group and have more affinity with the European

genus Chordeuma than with the other American types.

The mandibulary cardo is apparently smaller and more coal-

esced than in Cleidogona; no sulcus is evident, but a suture

becomes apparent as the alcohol dries out.

The body is somewhat more gradually tapering caudad, and

slightly less so cephalad than Cleidogona, which this form

much resembles in external appearance. The head is, however,

not wider than the first segment, and the whole appearance of the

animal is the most iuliform of any of our Craspedosomatide. The

entire absence of carine, the rudimentary character of the setig-

erous tubercles, which are sunk in depressions, as though to

more thoroughly dispose of them, and the presence of longi-

tudinal striations, also give force to the fact that in the iuliform

Craspedosomatidz we have another of the strange approximations

of external form between animals widely separated by the more

important structural characters.

Caseya heteropus sp. n.

Body fusiform, broadest about the middle, narrowed gradually to both

ends.

Vertex prominent, smooth and shining; a few scattered punctations (per-

haps the bases of hairs); posteriorly emarginate-excavate, with a short median

suture extending from the posterior margin and not reaching an imaginary

line connecting the eyes.

86 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Clypeus sparsely hirsute below, rather plane, a transverse depression above

the labrum.

Eyes broadly subtriangular, the ocelli not arranged with much regularity,

the vertical rows being usually more evident than the horizontal. Ocelli

counted horizontally from above: 7-+-6-+-5+4+2—24, or 6+5+4+3-+3=—21,

146+5+4-+3-+42+1=22.

Antenne moderately robust, somewhat clavate, ratio of lengths of joints,

beginning with the seventh: 2:4:8:6:10:6:2.

Proximal joints sparsely, the distal more densely hirsute. Below and lat-

erad from the antennal socket the margin of the head has a deep rounded

notch.

Mentum broadly quadrangular-arcuate, all the sides curved, convex in

front, concave behind.

Promentum triangular, subequilateral, posteriorly broadly emarginate;

sparsely hirsute.

Stipes and lingual laminze sparsely hirsute.

Lingual lobes with five sense cones.

Styliform processes quadridentate.

First segment broadly reniform, slightly emarginate in the middle poster-

iorly. A fine raised anterior margin; dorsal median line beginning just back of

the middle of segment; outer setigerous tubercles somewhat mesad from the

outer corners of the segment; second tubercle about midway between the first

and third. Tubercles minute, rather closer to the posterior margin than in

Underwoodia.

Surface of segments appearing smooth, but reticulate-areolate as described

- for Underwoodia polygama. On the sides and below the posterior subsegments

are longitudinally striate as in Iulidz. On the first segment are no striations;

the second with but one above the lower tubercle; the third with two; the

succeeding segments with three or four; below the lower tubercle about ten

striations, very distinct, at equal distances, somewhat oblique, the posterior

end lower. ‘The suture between the subsegments is sinuate medianly, the an-

terior subsegment extending somewhat into the posterior. Tubercles minute,

located in depressions, on all segments except the first and last arranged in a

transverse line. No trace of lateral carinze, the striations of the side not

larger than those below. On posterior segments the strive below the tubercles

are somewhat more numerous. Corners of the segments below evenly rounded,

the margin somewhat thickened; the lower side of the submarginal furrow is

extended into a minute sharp tooth.

Last segment truncate, tubercles located as usual; conic processes and setze

not seen.

Anal valves with the usual tubercles and long sete.

Preanal scale semicircular, subtruncate posteriorly; two long bristles some-

what remote from the posterior margin and located upon a transverse thicken-

inz of the scale.

Pedigerous laminze very small, coarsely areolate, subcarinate in front,

acuminate distad.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 87

Legs rather slender, moderately hirsute, the coxze approximate, reticulate-

areolate, especially on posterior legs.

First legs of male (fig. 198) slender, apparently of the usual form, our

specimen somewhat broken and distal joint lost.

Second legs of male (figs. 199-200) more slender than the first; coxa pro-

duced from the anterior face into a blunt process curved backward; the process

is partly concealed by a tuft of long hairs which arise from the coxa behind

the process, extend distad and mesad and are curved around the process; third

joint very long, thickly tuberculate on the middle of the ventral face.

Third legs of male (figs. 201-203) with coxa much enlarged and produced

into conic processes, clothed at apex with a tuft of long hairs; both surfaces of

the joint are sparsely hirsute with shorter hairs; other joints not specially

modified, except that the distal joints are more hirsute; claw normal, equal

to that of the second legs.

Sixth male legs (fig. 206) with coxa slightly enlarged, the meso-distal cor-

ner prominent, clothed with long hairs.

Seventh male legs (figs. 207-209) with coxa greatly enlarged; on the mid-

dle of the distal side a conic process truncate at apex and surmounted with a

tuft of long hairs; in front of the process are other long hairs, and another tuft

at the inner distal corner of this joint. The second joint inserted at the outer

corner of the coxa. Other joints somewhat reduced in size, so that the length

of the seventh legs does not exceed that of the sixth. The third joint is short-

ened more than the others.

Male genitalia complex, (figs. 216-217) and as we had but one male, coeeres

tion was not carried far enough to make plain the relations of the parts. The

posterior arm seems to be perforate, the anterior part of it extending up into

the complicate anterior arm as two slender columns (fig. 216).

Ninth legs of male (fig. 218) with basal joint produced above and angled near

the apex with a deep, rounded notch subtended by a sharp tooth; second joint

narrower than in Uuderwoodia, hirsute distally and on the lateral face. The

pedigerous lamina has long curved ends and is medianly prominent. It may

be that this medial prominence is homologous with the long median process of

Underwoodia. -

Tenth legs of male (figs. 210-211) with cox much enlarged, similar to those

of Underwoodia; on the posterior side near the aperture a large rounded promi-

nence; also an oblique carina; other joints evidently reduced.

Eleventh and twelfth legs of male (figs. 212-213) slightly thicker than the

normal (fig. 214). Third joint with a few small tubercles on the v entral face;

coxe obliquely carinate on the posterior face.

Color inaleohol, dark brown with a bluish tinge. This may be due to the

fact that the specimens are old. Julidze sometimes turn blue in alcohol. The

segments have light spots and are coarsely marbled. Legs and antennz dark

brown, especially the distal joints.

Length 15 mm.; width 1.7 mm.

Exact locality not known, but the specimens, a mature male and

female, are evidently from California. In the same bottle was a

88 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

specimen of Pzromopus which is known with certainty to have

been taken on the hills back of Saucelito, across the Golden Gate

from San Francisco.

Notes on Exotic CRASPEDOSOMATIDA.

As likely to be of interest in connection with a study of the

American forms, we add brief notes on the other genera and

Species, as far as they have been described sufliciently to state

the more important characters.

RHISCOSOMA Latzel. 1884.

Myr. Gist. Ung. Mon. Zweite Halfte, p. 173.

Eyes distinct, ocelli numerous (11).

Antenne moderately long, rather slender, slightly clavate, fifth joint long-

est.

Segments above strongly arched, with large, continuous carine which are

decurved in the direction of the dorsal arch; setigerous tubercles very small.

Distribution: Austro-Hungary.

This very curious genus was described from individuals sup-

posed to be immature, with 23 segments, and measuring 3.5 mm.

by .6mm. The carine are so large as to reach down to the ground

when the animal is crawling, so that the animal is hollowed

out below. The resemblance to a Polyzonium is very great.

ATRACTOSOMA Fanzago, 1876.

Annuario d. Soc. d. Naturaliste in Modena X, p. 70.

Eyes distinct, of numerous ocelli (25-29) arranged in triangular or semi-

circular patches.

Antenne very long and slender, third joint longest.

Segments with lateral carine large, horizontal, rounded in front, hooked

behind; setve rather long.

Seventh segment nearly normal.

First two pairs of legs small and slender, the next five pairs strongly cras-

sate in the male.

Legs 3-7 of male with a very short claw, the ventral face of the last joint

hispid. Coxa of seventh leg with a conic process. Genitalia of male complex,

of three pairs of lamelle.

Ninth legs ef male simple, oblong (cf. Verhceff).

Tenth and eleventh legs of male with a wart-like process on the coxa, the

terminal joint somewhat hispid.

The above characters are drawn from Latzel’s description of

A. meridionale Fanzago, the type species.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 89

Atractosoma carpathicum Latzel.

_ Seventh segment of male with the ventral margin produced into two long

slender teeth.

Genitalia totally different from those of A. meridionale, of two pairs of la-

mellee.

‘Ninth legs of male very simple, reduced to a somewhat conic process with

an apical bristle.

Atractosoma bohemicum Rosicky.

Anterior male legs with the terminal joint not cushioned or hispid.

Ninth male legs simple, without processes or teeth, their sternum also

simple.

The North American Craspedosomatide, as far as known, show

no close resemblances with the species of Atractosoma, either in

form of body or structure of genitalia and ninth male legs.

CRASPEDOSOMA Leach and Rawlins, 1814.

Trans. Linn. Soc. XI. 2, p. 380.

Eyes well developed, of numerous (25-28) ocelli arranged in triangular

patches.

Antenne very long, slender, third joint longest.

Segments rather depressed, with traces of obtuse carinz, especially in front;

tubercles and setze very small.

Seventh segment ventrally inflated.

First and second male legs small, the last joint fringed on the inner edge.

Legs 3-7 of male scarcely thicker than the normal, the last joint pulvi-

nate.*

Male genitalia of two pairs of processes, the larger simple, broad, the others

approximate, very slender.

Ninth legs of male replaced by a pelviform structure with median pro-

cesses.

Tenth and eleventh male legs with a verruciform process.

Distribution: Many species, reported from nearly all parts of

Europe.

The above characters are drawn from Latzel’s description and

plates of Cr. rawlinsii, the type of the genus. Numerous species

have been referred to Craspedosoma, many of them without

proper study of the secondary sexual characters, and without

giving them such systematic weight as they seem to us to be en-

titled.

Among characters of this kind some of the more noteworthy

are as follows :—

*Whether these legs differ from those we have called hispid is not clear.

90 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Craspedosoma oribates Latzel.

Genitalia apparently similar in plan to those of C. rawlinsii,, but the ninth

pair of legs consisting of two clavate structures united at base, diverging at

apex and beset with bristles. Seventh pair of legs decidedly smaller than the

sixth.

Craspedosoma stygium Latzel.

Genitalia, according to Latzel, of four pairs of structures, one clavate (prob-

ably ninth legs) and three pairs of smaller structures between.

Seventh pair of male legs wanting, that is, there are but six pairs in front

of the genitalia.

Legs 4-6 stump-like, though the author of the species doubts whether this

character may not be accidental.

Craspedosoma moniliforme Laitzel.

Legs 3-7 not noticeably crassate, the terminal joint rather thick, pulvinate.

Seventh legs reduced, their coxz enlarged, posteriorly with a hirsute pro-

cess, the pedigerous laminz posteriorly with a sharp cuneiform process.

Ninth legs clavate, more or less evidently jointed, with bristles at the end.

Pedigerous lamina medianly produced between the clavate structures and

hollowed out in front.

Craspedosoma mutabile Latzel.

Legs 3-7 strongly crassate, more sparsely hairy, shining, the terminal joint

compressed, scarcely pulvinate.

Ninth legs in the young five-jointed, attenuate, faleate; in adult modified

into a complex structure apically with long compound bristles; basally giving

rise to a long flagellum, suggestive as the author says of the flagellum of Tuli-

dee, and apparently indicating a functional difference from other Chordeumide.

Tenth and eleventh legs with an inwardly projecting hamate process from

the distal end of the coxze, also a pear-shaped wart on the base of the coxe.

It is also stated that the females do not have the legs of the

second segment developed, a character apparently of great im-

portance. The species has, however, according to Latzel, several

varieties and in one of these a female had the usual number of

legs. Judging from the American forms it is very remarkable

that such a character should not be constant. The difficulty of

correctly determining females is very great, especially when the

species are incompletely known.

Craspedosoma flavescens Latzel.

Legs 3-7 strongly crassate, distal half of the last joint cushioned.

Ninth legs clavate, hirsute, separated by a pair of small structures basally

_ broad, apically clavate, with a pointed triangular transparent lamina rising

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 91

from the base of each.

Tenth legs much reduced; coxee swollen, on the inner side with a clavate

process bearing a bristle, also a small wart below the process.

Eleventh legs normal excepting a small wart on the coxa.

It is to the present genus that the European writers have

referred a considerable number of American species. To us it

appears that the genus as treated in European works is not a

natural one, and that the American species are all generically

distinct from any of the European, as far as the sexual characters

of either are sufficiently known to give basis for an opinion. To

judge by the characters of the ninth male legs the Huropean

forms are all more diverged from the primitive than any of the

American, and the greater complexity of the genitalia in most of

them is in accordance with such an idea.

HAASIA. Bollman, 1893 (as subgenus).

Bulletin No. 46, U.S. N. Museum, p. 158.

Eyes entirely absent.

Antenne slightly clavate, slender, much longer than the width of the body,

the seventh joint longer than the sixth.

Segments with exterior two pairs of setee approximate, rather large.

Legs very slender and densely hirsute.

The establishment of the subgenus appears somewhat prema-

ture; as both species placed under it are incompletely described.

Craspedosoma troglodytes Latzel, is known only from a female

Specimen, and no characters of generic value are stated except

the above. Craspedosoma mamillatum was described from a

male specimen but only a rough sketch of the genitalia is given.

From this it would appear that like the open air species of Cras-

pedosoma the ninth male legs are reduced to a single joint, with-

out a claw. If this is the case, and if troglodytes and mamil-

latum are congeneriv, Haasia will prove valid.

CHORDEUMA C. L. Koch, 1847.

System der Myriap., p. 51, also p. 124.

Eyes well developed, of numerous ocelli (27-28) arranged in triangular

patches.

Antenne very long, twice the diameter of the body, slender, third joint

longest.

Segments without carinz; sete and tubercles nearly obsolete, somewhat

more evident on the posterior end of the body.

92 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Males with 6 ambulatory legs in front of the genitalia and 39 behind.

First two pairs of male legs with the last joint pectinately spined.

Legs 3-6 of male distinctly crassate, the inner side of the last joint tomen-

tose pulvillate.

Seventh legs of males three-jointed, the basal joint large, produced, the

others small clavate; an indistinct very small fourth joint (rudimentary claw ?).

Genitalia very complex, the anterior large, somewhat hood-like, with an

included lamella; the posterior pair slender, apically bifid. There is present

a clavate, distally hirsute structure much resembling the ninth legs of some of

the species of Craspedosoma, but Dr. Latzel does not so interpret it.

The tenth male legs have also been completely modified for copulatory pur-

poses, consisting of slender processes.

In females are but 49 ambulatory legs, and the sternum of the third seg-

ment projects cephalad covering the genitalia.

The above characters are from Latzel’s description of Chor-

deuma sylvestre, the type of the genus. The description and

figures of Verhoeff* differ considerably from those of Latzel, in

the shape of the genitalia as well as in that of the seventh and

ninth legs.

Chordeuma rhenanum Verhoeff.

Seventh legs reduced to a single squamiform joint.

Tenth legs also of one joint, irregular in shape, with rounded prominences.

s J ) g pe,

Chordeuma germanicum Verhoeft.

Differs greatly in the genitalia, but has the table-like ninth legs

of the other species as figured by Verhoeff.

Chordeuma has, perhaps, nearer relatives in America than the

other European genera, as already noted under the genus Caseya.

The rudimentary seventh and tenth legs of the males of Chor-

deuma, as well as other secondary sexual characters, give distinct

lines of generic separation.

In addition to the European genera of Craspedosomatide

already noted there have been described three others, Hyphan-

turgus of Waga, Megalosoma of Fedrizzi, and Prinosoma of Ber-

lese, but these have not been recognized by Latzel and Haase,

and stand as synonyms of Atractosoma and Craspedosoma.

HETEROCHORDEUMA Pocock, 1893.

Ann. Mus. Storia Nat. d. Genova XIII, p. 387.

Eyes of numerous ocelli (11) arranged in four transverse rows.

Antenne moderately long, third and fifth segments longest.

*Berliner Eutom Zeitschr, XXXVi, p. 132 (1891).

——

The Craspedosomatide of North Amervea.

Segments with broad horizontal carinze, like those of Polydesmide; seti-

gerous tubercles very small, only two pairs observed; surface covered with

short hairs.

Genitalia composed of the two pairs of legs of the seventh segment, com-

pletely external.

Segments of adult 32.

Habitat :

Karen Hills, Burmah, at 1200-1500 m. altitude.

This anomalous genus presents several unique features, and its

family disposition must remain a matter of some doubt until the

characters of the legs and mouth-parts are known.

No other

Craspedosomatide are known from southern Asia, but the dis-

covery of this form suggests the probable existence of others’

‘in the neighboring regions.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

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DOMEMICTIN ... 0252.2 cc we bee eee 89

VOMIT gs lecc arcs w asceves oie ea Sew e% 76

SEMCATMINCT Ais sce sib lcvesls Qane es okies es 33

GANA rey oietovers nese cave iene 33

PESIOAMTUUNAUA, ccs aos case cee ccs 43

CNTHIOUES oe COS DEES OPA 41

PLOUICOTNIS ooo alc in a ale oie he vee 43

MUSCLCOTIIS. cc ccc ct se be cs 43

HUFL Bots Re eS EOI ee eae ae 33

RAHM ACMICWION 5 poe. aisceie ec ee snes 89

BAVUCRONSIS) cls ones oes cedeseniec cs 40

BRAS VAM srNicisia ss cles cise sb a 'cc's 84

INEbeTOpPUS (Sone e ce lee et 8&5

PAMELMATUINM, ss u5 cece as teves eae. 36

@hordeuma ............... BES 91

germanicum ............-..-. 92

CMDKUES See eee Oe ee 83

HIME TMATIUIN = 6. wpa sclera aioe ie « 92

BVMIVIESELE! cress sieves sis ec soot 92

OCryptotrichus .........00cccceeeee 41

cxestoannulatus......es.eeeees 43

MAGE. 5 OSS OOOO Pe 51

AMO OUA) Je) cle ss etc e se ec tes 41

cesioannulata .............. 43

MOKED SRAM IS, ols cts la.p.'siere c's are AQ

HES CISM PAI eiete hiatus oe 59

NEMA ALAS hspc oievaic. 6 eqjhbe LR bi atone 48

BIBIOR sa Géaoee eRe HD One Goes 47

WM OXVCHI S proces Goce On onbE 52

DSL GUINMMe Prt IN tetera occ’ ic-oe-oceieer 51

Page

COMME erate da tie secant eeosneiets, ecto s 54

Comobylar neta cs's vcleslgs seer 70

PLAROIUNEHIEY ssoqqneodogeduaude 75

oma MU rec, testers’ ciel bine es 76

PISGIMETE Cols er aieisic totes hecetcistahateceh 71

PL OMMELAibameleterteterialyersicte terete 78

IgnloeHEM GoascooodaeuoedD Obes aa

wyandotte ..3.......-...--.- 78

QP coconscensecosrooooesccnoc 55

GOMNUNKIN cooaccandebooodesnuoOD 66

Craspedosoma ....... CRS 55, 62, 89

atrolineatwm .........e+2-20-- 79

Dolman erat rasrekere sere okie 76

CUMLGQUD eecconadaenacdador 33

WENVESCAISNG Og goocomAbeOuoses 90

[MOTD sosceavocsoascc0 5000 67

(LOTCTOLUTO rteletel tated vert hehs elle 78

WUC MVUGKOGING Go 50500cbe00D Ges 90

AMI GUOUVS re vevcnetions seve ailch o/s seyete caver 90

OCEULGEWIN sates ao.) sae erarecsye rss ise 68

OLUDALES) yaa ts fore giesMevane = weve 90

JOGO 0 ob0cn00neesoo000Ke 68

TV MAS Geren srcuete fee acaysie 39, 89

SiNGAILIN G We dou coool acunooes 90

fi SCIVORIEY «hain Sakeuees os sustenevensly ovSlerevans 71

HAWESCEMS | .c is eveleictsveleraiepsciecaiele Sie = 90

BL AAUGLULMINN) «Lens cee liods joi enc Vela anes wrciete « 67

flavicornis........... Sievers yarctetewacac ats 43

ONCE DS Ga.8 diduis ead Racor Oe se ceN tee 49

JUSOCUMUS Ae an SOCHe Donia bao onCoS 43

MUS EIS Ge Vane ate venae otal cls ciel aia: sy Sy aus nia enats 50

Emin 555 400000cca0nb 0008 92

SLOMMELA LAM per otis shcretele nese a ele aisle 78

IETABSLAI Site fale sieicta) sisverel sues e eicue sooo Oil

mon) BpadoebooenbGacoU0 91

troglodytes...............05 91

Heterochordeuma................ 92

INGWERONUS yaoaoocaguocosacd are 85

94 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Page

Ey phragm ee arete alors = aysire ©) 00 <harai 92 LUTUOLEUS alevete) shel elal al stale yatat eet

TNELOUGLES, i555, cee a ate are cvcetoae aleve oie oie: 83 WYANAOLLE «= «<0 «slept

IBM od ooneooonnonMoano oD0 48 | Spirostrephon .......2++.+eeeee-

Meier oie Mera cree ie rere vere emote 77 ceesioannulatus......e.+.+eee-

Lvbie abhi Soeis Sone a Oa oc.om ae ions 63 COMET NOTUML 2 -\epeh iets aetna

TA OL) orators eenene aap aie crouse cate leis 47 COPED o's. 5 aa arene toe

mamillatum ..................-- 91. | Striaria) .2.y./) 2)! tae le eee 31

Mresalosoman anes iie eieisiai- 4 ete sie- 92'|'stygimm . % </./... fie teelaatcclo etme

METI CLOMA Circe ci sjelelslerttctaie oct erehs 88'| Sylvestre. © <i, <:o:5 -retoleroie elena e eee

DIAC RACAMA waar ss tetads cfesater siete (g/t Blleetere 52 | Trichopetalum ..................

MOnUWMORMC | a7 ees sales =e = sees 90 al UM... ys iar csi cle cen oR eran

MUMIA Ue eke ep sversecesiepatshorsreceie erees 90 DOUMONTJerets | hotel eletetelonetenenettate

OCE lata cierrsverefarel- eterareyerciele 68 COEMMb UNA. setpoint

OLIUDALES a2 Reeca seta shace wats wanes ores 90 flavidui, .°.).\.<ietllorlereretiee

DUCT OM evarcks aieteierelcterh<chsrier eis 69 glomeratum ... 2... eevecneeee

IPOLYMOSINAUS cities or ay aleuteis aleverale sie 68 lamatumn, © .3.. ereroterencnieretetene

Oliv SAA Ae ey eravs le vateta cue or reretals 80 ocelllaiumy 2: siete herent

Pr1ONOSOMAN. Hae eierecie el etel cts eae eee 92 WHEN GoGcAecKbGo0nGDco4ooC

Pseudotremia.............. 34, 41, 55] troglodytes .................-...

cestoannulata...... cee rece ees AB) MUNNGQUNTY ponoogooHOGoOUAoLdo GOODS

carterensis...... Sediesepete caters 40 | Underwoodia....................

CAVETMAT UNIV eolere ye teveletlelel oli 36 1WLOIdES ...:, 70 ees

GUM. Hooodaotnoonsobo debe 43, 51 POLY PAIN ay oer). lelshale senate

TAN IMT STO wen teter ae toitetar aetna ses stcce oie 39) VAL eter Ry os

EUMISCOSOMMAL oes c genes eee ele kel ceiels 88) whitel 2.0... caw eiacta eee

SCOLERPES Onis iat yee ceive darks SPI WAKO GoGoaeecorcadcusctssce

DOUMOINIES me centsteeira ies peter 20)! Zay. ONO DUS) tele) clea aia tete tienes

COPE: Ee aac sues gates 2 iegeenens 55 (white ovis $s.c5 cet reer

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE I.

Branneria carinata.

Fig. 1.—Antenna, three distal joints, < 56.

Pseudotremia cavernarum.

Fig. 2.—Genitalia of male, anterior view.

Fig. 3.—Same, lateral view.

Fig. 4.—Gnathochilarium. U.S. N. M. No. 420.

Fig. 5.—Antenna, > 24.

Fig. 6.—Ninth legs of male with lamella, < 24. U.S. N. M. No. 420.

Fig. 7.—Eleventh legs of male, X24. U.S. N. M. No. 436.

Pseudotremia carterensis.

Fig. 8.—Ninth legs of male, posterior view.

Fig. 9.—Lamella embraced between the ninth legs of male, ><35.

Fig. 10.—Genitalia of male, 50.

Pseudotremia cavernarum.

Fig. 11.—Body, dorsal view.

The Craspedosomatidxe of North America. 95

Scoterpes copei.

Fig. 12.—Genitalia of male, after Packard.

Fig. 13.—Same, less magnified; also ninth legs, after Packard.

Zygonopus whitei.

Fig. 14.—Antenna, 27.

Fig. 15.—First leg of male, X 50.

Fig. 16.—Second leg of male, > 50.

PLATE IT.

Zygonopus whitei.

Fig. 17.—Fourth legs of male, 50.

Fig. 18.—Sixth legs of male, X 50.

Fig. 19.—Twelfth leg of male, 50.

Fig. 20.—Genitalia of male, anterior face.

Fig. 21.—Same, posterior face, also ninth legs.

Trichopetalum album.

Fig. 22.—Antenne of male, 105.

Fig. 23.—First leg of male, < 105.

Fig. 23a.—Second leg of male, < 105.

Fig. 24.—Third leg of male, 105.

Fig. 25.—Fourth leg of male, X 105.

Fig. 26.—Fifth leg of male, >< 105.

Fig. 27.—Seventh leg of male, < 105.

Fig. 28.—Tenth leg of male, X 105.

Fig. 29.—Normal leg of male, <X 105.

PLATE III.

Trichopetalum ocellatum.

Fig. 30.—Head and three segments, after Packard.

Fig. 31.—Antenna, after Packard.

Fig. 32.—Eye, after Packard.

Fig. 33.—Segments, lateral view, after Packard.

Fig. 34.—Segments, dorsal view, after Packard.

Fig. 35.—Last six segments, lateral view, after Packard.

Trichopetalum album.

Figs. 36 (X 312), 37 (X< 250), 38, 39, 40 (< 312), 41.—Apices of male geni-

talia, different views, from different specimens.

Fig. 42.—Male genitalia, anterior face, < 187.

Fig. 43.—Same, posterior view, also ninth legs.

= Fig. 44.—Distal portion of gnathochilarium >< 160.

Fig. 45.—Eye.

Trichopetalum cornutum.

Figs. 46, 47 ( 294), 48 (> 333).—Apices of male genitalia, different

specimens and views.

Fig. 49.—Male genitalium, lateral view.

96 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Trichopetalum flavidum.

Fig. 50.—Eye.

Trichopetalum uncum.

Fig. 51.—Genitalia of male, anterior face, 169.

Trichopetalum lunatum.

Fig. 52.—Antenna, after Harger.

Fig. 53.—Hye, after Harger.

Fig. 54.—Male genitalia, after Harger.

PLATE IV.

Conotyla fischeri.

Fig. 55.—Head and first three segments, dorsal aspect.

Fig. 56.—Same, lateral aspect.

Fig. 57.—Last four segments, lateral aspect.

Fig. 58.—Labrum.

Fig. 59.—Distal portion of half of gnathochilarium.

Fig. 60.—Last four segments, ventral view.

Fig. 61.—Two distal joints of antenna, >< 50.

Fig. 62.—Distal portion of half of gnathochilarium, dorsal face.

Fig. 63.—Gnathochilarium.

Fig. 64.—Antenna, X 25.

Fig. 65.—First leg of male, >< 25.

Fig. 66.—Second leg of male, >< 25.

Fig. 67.—Third leg of male, >< 25.

Fig. 68.—Fourth leg of male, posterior view, X 25.

Fig. 69.—Fifth leg of male, posterior view, < 25.

Fig. 70.—Seventh leg of male, anterior view, >< 25.

Fig. 71.—Process of the fourth joint of the seventh leg, more magnified.

Fig. 72.—Male genitalia, anterior view.

Fig. 73.—Ventral portion of segments 5-8, male genitalia, and basal joints

of legs, lateral view.

Fig. 74.—Male genitalia, lateral view.

Fig. 75.—Anterior pair of male genitalia, anterior view.

PLATE VY.

Conotyla fischeri.

Fig. 76.—Tenth pair of legs of male, X 25.

Fig. 77.—Eleventh pair of legs of male, > 25.

Fig. 78.—Twelfth pair of legs of male, x 37.

Conotyla bollmani.

Fig. 79.—Male gentalia, anterior view, U. S. N. M. No. 419.

Fig. 80.—Same, lateral view.

Fig. 81.—Right eye.

Fig. 82.—Left eye.

Fig. 83.—Antenna, 25.

Fig.

eee a xe

an hs ’

The Craspedosomatide of North America.

. 84.—Head and first eight segments.

. 85.—Last six segments.

. 86.—First leg of male, X 45. U.S. N. M. No. 443.

. 87.—Second leg of male, >< 28.

. 88.—Third leg of male, posterior view.

g. 89.—Fourth leg of male, posterior view, 25.

. 90.—_Seventh leg of male, anterior view.

. 91.—Tenth leg of male, posterior view, >< 25.

. 92.—Eleventh leg of male, posterior view, < 25.

r, 93.—Normal leg of male, anterior view.

. 94.—Longitudinal section of spine, drawn from C. fischeri.

PLATE VI.

Conotyla atrolineata.

». 95.—Antenna, < 57.

. 96.—Male genitalium of posterior pair, > 127.

. 97.—Male genitalium of anterior pair, < 127.

. 98.— Ninth leg of male, X 16.

. 99.—Hye, drawn from Winona specimen.

. 100.—Eye, drawn from Glacier, B. C., specimen.

Conotyla wyandotte.

101.—Eye. The photo-engravers omitted the number on the plate.

The figure is above 100, at the right-hand margin of the plate.

Conotyla leibergi.

. 102.—Antenna.

. 103.—Gnathochilarium.

, 104.—Eye.

Conotyla glomerata.

. 104a.—Antenna and eye, after Harger.

Cleidogona mexicana.

Figures copied from Saussure and Humbert.

. 105.—Gnathochilarium.

106.—Segment, ventral view.

. 107.— Antenna.

. 108.—Posterior part of body, lateral view.

. 109.—Same, dorsal view.

Cleidogona major.

. 110.—First pair of legs of male, < 16.

. 111.—Second pair of legs of male, < 16.

112.—Third pair of legs of male, « 16.

. 113.—Fourth pair of legs of male, < 16.

g. 114.—Fifth pair of legs of male, * 16.

ig. 115.—Sixth pair of legs of male, 16.

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., IX, Nov., 1895.—7

Fig.

The Craspedosomatidz of North America —

116.—Seventh pair of legs of male, >< 16.

117.—Ninth pair of legs of male, < 16.

118.—Tenth pair of legs of male, < 16.

PLATE VII.

Cleidogona major concluded.

. 119.—Eleventh pair of legs of male, >< 16.

. 120.—Twelfth pair of legs of male, < 16..

. 121.—Thirteenth pair of legs of male, * 16.

. 122.—Twentieth pair of legs of male, 16.

. 123.—Fiftieth (last) pair of legs of male, > 16.

. 124.-—Apical joints of second leg, 143.

. 125.—Antenna, < 31.

. 126.—Apex of sixth joint of second leg, 160.

. 127.—Ninth leg of male.

. 128.—Male genitalia lateral view, < 46.

. 129.—Apices of same, apical view, < 46.

. 130.—Male genitalia, posterior view < 46.

. 131.—Legs 7-12, drawn in situ.

g. 132.—Gnathochilarium.

. 133.—Head, lateral view.

. 134.—Head and six segments, dorsal view.

. 135.—Last five segments, lateral view.

. 136.—Same, dorsal view.

. 137.—Pre-anal scale.

PLATE VIII.

Cleidogona czsioannulata.

. 138.—Genitalia of male, lateral view.

r, 139.—Same, dorsal (anterior view ).

. 140.—Ninth leg of male.

. 141.—Eleventh leg of male.

. 142.—Twelfth leg of male.

Fig.

143.—Antenna.

The above six figures were drawn from specimens collected near the Catho-

lic University, Washington, D. C.

Fig.

144.—Last joint of ninth male leg.

145.—Ninth legs, X 25.

146.— Anterior aspect of genitalia.

147.—Lateral view of genitalia.

148.—Posterior view of genitalia.

Figures 144-148 were drawn from National Museum material, with no

record of locality.

Fig.

149.—Ninth leg.

Fig. 150.—Genitalia; this and the preceding figure after McNeill. His

material was collected in Monroe County, Indiana.

-” — es

Fig.

. 181.—Second legs of male, posterior view, 50.

Fig.

ig. 172.—Antenna.

. 173.—Gnathochilarium, >< 105.

. 174.—Genitalia of male, anterior view, with ninth legs.

. 175.—Apical joints of ninth leg of male.

g. 176.—Last two segments, lateral view.

The Craspedosomatide of North America. 99

Cleidogona fustis.

. 151.—Male genitalia, anterior view.

. 152.—Same, lateral view.

. 153.—Same, drawn from another specimen and at a different angle.

. 154.—First leg of male.

. 155.—Second leg of male.

. 156.—Seventh leg of male.

. 157.—Tenth leg of male.

. 158.—Eleventh leg of male.

PLATE IX.

Cleidogona forceps.

. 159.—Male genitalia, lateral view.

. 160.—Same, anterior view.

. 161.—Same, posterior view.

. 162.—Ninth leg of male, < 30.

. 163.—Apical portion of same, >< 105.

Cleidogona laminata.

. 164.—Genitalia and legs 9-12, drawn in situ.

. 165.—Male genitalia, anterior view.

. 166.—Same, posterior view.

. 167.—Ninth leg of male, posterior view.

. 168.—Same, anterior view.

. 169.—Antenna, 31.

. 170.—Tenth legs of male.

. 171.—Eleventh legs of male.

Bactropus conifer.

PLATE X.

Underwoodia iuloides.

. 177.—Kye and part of antennal socket. —

. 178.—Antenna, < 80.

. 179.—Second pair of legs of female.

Underwoodia polygama.

180.—First legs of male, << 50.

182.—Third legs of male, posterior view, < 50.

183.—Fourth legs of male, 50.

184.—Fifth legs of male, 50.

100 The Craspedosomatide of North America.

Fig. 185.—Eleventh legs of male, 45.

Fig. 186.—Male genitalia and ninth leg, posterior view.

Fig. 187.—Same, anterior view.

Fig. 188.—Gnathochilarium.

Fig. 189.—Antenna, X 57.

Fig. 190.—Distal joints of antenna.

PLATE XI.

Caseya heteropus.

Fig. 191.—Head and first six segments, lateral view, >< 10.

Fig. 192.—Head, anterior view, >< 25.

Fig. 193.—Eye, antennal socket, margin of cephalic plate and post-antennal

organ, the last indicated by the small ring immediately below the ocelli.

Fig. 194.—Labrum.

Fig. 195.—Gnathochilarium.

Fig. 196.—Lingual lobe, lingual lamina with conic sense organs, and ~

tridentate styliform process, >< 105. 4

Fig. 197.—Antenna, < 25. :

Fig. 198.—First leg of male; the specimen was injured, >< 25.

Fig. 199.—Second legs of male, posterior view, < 25. .

Fig. 200.—Proximal portion of same, anterior view, 105.

Fig. 201.—Third legs of male, posterior view, X 25.

Fig. 202.—Proximal portions of same, anterior view, X 25.

Fig. 203.—Same, < 105.

Fig. 204.—Fourth legs of male, posterior view, >< 25.

Fig. 205.—Fifth legs of male, anterior view, X 25.

Fig. 206.—Sixth legs of male, anterior view, X 25.

Fig. 207.—Seventh legs of male, anterior view, < 25.

Fig. 208.—Proximal joints of same, posterior view, < 25.

PLATE XII.

Caseya heteropus.

Fig. 209.—Portion of basal joint of seventh leg of male, anterior view, X

Fig. 210.—Basal joints of tenth leg of male, anterior view. ;

Fig. 211.—Same legs, posterior view, X 25. ‘

Fig. 212.—Eleventh leg of male, anterior view.

Fig. 213.—Twelfth leg of male, posterior view.

Fig. 214.—Normal leg of male, anterior, « 31.

Fig. 215.—Male genitalia and ninth legs, ventral (anterior) view, drawn

in situ.

Fig. 216.—Ventral portion of segments 5-8, legs 7-10, and male genitalia,

lateral view, drawn in situ, > 25. ;

Fig. 217.—Male genitalium, median view. The small unshaded part near

the middle is open to the other side.

Fig. 218.—Ninth legs of male, anterior view, < 40.

Fig. 219.—Ninth legs of male, posterior view, 40.

ee eee ee ee

II.—On the Reduction of Stellar Photographs, with Special Ref-

erence to the Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates.

BY HAROLD JACOBY.

Read October 14, 1895.

The following paper has been prepared at the request of Dr. Gill,

who asked me to put together the formule which seemed to me best

for the reduction of the Astrophotographic catalogue plates. In so

doing I have drawn freely upon the work of others, particularly

that of Rambaut, Turner and Henry. f have also had very

valuable help from Mr. Finlay, Chief Assistant at the Cape

Observatory, especially in the preparation of the tables. The

methods here given are suitable for the reduction of any photo-

graphic plates, whether taken under the programme of the Perma-

nent Committee or not. The only limitations are that the centre

of the plate shall be more than 15° from the pole, and the extent

of the plate not more than 2° square.

The fundamental problem with which we have to deal is the

transformation of rectangular co-ordinates measured on the plate

into the corresponding differences of right ascension and declina-

tion upon the sky. For the present I shall assume that the plate

is correctly oriented, and that the scale-value is known. We

shall then find the problem under consideration involves only

five quantities. If we let:

a, 0, be the right ascension and declination of the center

of the plate,

a', o', be the right ascension and declination of a star,

x,y, be the rectangular co-ordinates of the star’s image

on the plate, x being positive both in the Northern and South-

ern hemispheres when the star’s right ascension is greater than

that of the centre of the plate, and y being positive when the star

- is nearer than the centre of the plate to the North Pole.

Now put:

Aa=a—a, Ad=d!—od,

then the five quantities involved are:

Cay NANO NO:

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., [X, April, 1896.—8

102 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

Some of the writers on this problem have allowed the quantity

0’ to appear in their formule: this may be necessary for plates

taken very near the pole, but for all other plates it is not necessary.

To.secure the maximum of facility in computation, we require

the expansion of Aa and Ad in ascending powers of x and y, in a

series whose coeflicients involve 6 only. We also require x and

y expanded in ascending powers of Aa and Ad, with the same con-

dition as to the coefficients. These considerations lead to the

following expansions, in which the unit for «* and ac is the sec-

ond of time, and for y and Ad the second of are. The same rule

with regard to units applies to all the other formule in the pres-

ent paper; so that wherever «# or Aa appear, they are supposed

to be expressed in seconds of time, and wherever y or Ad appear,

they are in seconds of arc. Similar expansions carried as far as

terms of the third order have been given by Ball and Rambaut

(Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., Vol. XXX., part IV.) Those given

in the present paper were deduced by me from Turner’s rigorous

formule (Observatory, XVI., p. 374) and afterwards carefully

checked by Mr. Finlay, who very kindly extended Ball and Ram-

baut’s work as far as terms of the fifth order for that purpose.

They hold good up to within 15° of the pole.

Aa=«secd +A, (x sec 5)y A, =tan dsin 1!’

+A, (x sec 0)y? A, = tan 0 sin? 1!’

+A, (a sec 0)3 A,=—4(15)? sin? 1!

+A, (a sec 0)8y A,=— tan 0 (15)?sin? 1!

+A, (x sec ae A, = tan? 0 sin? 1//

ING sec 0)8y Ag—=— 2 tan?d (15)? sin‘ 1

+A, (@ see ee A,=4(15)4 sin‘ 1//

4A, (x sec 6) y* A, = tan‘ dsint 1//

Ad =y+D,(asec 6)? D,=—tsin 20 (15)? sin 1//

+D,(asecd)?2y Dy==—4(15)2sin? 1!

+ D5 y? D;=—4sin? 1!

+ D,(a sec 0)2y? D,=— ¥sin® 6 tan 0 (15)? sin’ 1”

+D;(aseeo)4 JD}, =3 (3 sin 0 cos? d+sin3 0 cos 0) (15)4 sin? 1!

-- D,(asec 0 )4y Dia 8 3 (15)4 sint 1!

4D. (asec 0 )2y3 i (1 —tan?d) (15)?sin‘ 1!’

+ Dey Dz = + sini 1!’

* The use of the time-unit for the linear quantity xv is to be understood as

meaning that the unit for x is the distance corresponding to a second of time

at the centre of the plate. This applies also to the unit for y, mutatis mutandis.

Sas

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 103

xsecd =Aa+A,’AaAd A,! =—tandsin 1!

+A,'Ac? = -A,! = 4 (1—3 sin? 0) (15)? sin? 1!’

+A,’ AaAd A,’ = 4 (—5 sind cosd-+tan 0 sin? d)(15)?sin3 1!

+A,’AaAd3 A,’ =—4F tan d sin3 1!

+A,/AasAd2 A,! =4sin? 6 (15)2 sin‘ 1!

+ A,/Aa5 A,’ =735( 16 cos! 6 —13 sin? 0 cos? 0-+sin* 0) (15) 4sin‘ 1!’

y=Ad-+ D,!Aa? D,' = sin 20 (15)? sin 1’

++ D,'Aa?Ad D,! =} cos 26 (15)? sin? 1”

+ D,!A63 D,! =k sin? r!!

+ D,!Aa?Ad2 D,! =—}sin 206 (15)? sin3 1//

-+-D;/Aat D;| = wz(5 sin 6 cos? 0 —sin*d cos 6 (15 )4sin3 1//

+ D,! Aa?A03 D,' =% cos 2 0 (15)? sint 1//

+ D,!AatAd D,;| = 3 (5 cost 0—12 sin? 0 cos? d+ sint J)(15)4sin 1//

+ D,/ A065 D,! = #5 sin! 1!

Many of the terms in these expansions are generally inappreci-

able, but it is not necessary to enter into this point here, as it is

better to consider it when constructing tables for the separate

degrees of 0. It will be noticed that x only appears multiplied

by seco. This is a great advantage, for we can avoid the use of

a“ altogether, and turn our measured co-ordinates at once into

asec do, by means of a separate scale-value table constructed for

each degree of 0.

It remains to show how to correct the observations for refrac-

tion, and to determine the scale-value and orientation from the

known stars on the plate. The aberration need not necessarily

be considered when the scale-value is thus determined from

known stars. .

Let us now indicate by XY, and Y,,, the actual co-ordinates

measured on the plate. They will be expressed partly in divi-

sions of the réseau, and partly in revolutions of the micrometer

screw. We shall assume that the scale-value is known very

nearly, both for the réseau and screw. We can then prepare

separate scale-value tables for the réseau and screw, by means of

which we can at once turn X,, and Y,,, into Xsecd and Y,

expressed respectively in seconds of time and arc; and these

tables can be made to include the effects of errors of the réseau

and screw. These values of Xsecd and Y will then be very.

near their true values, which we have called wsecd and y. The.

corrections which must be added to them are:

I. Correction for refraction: .

104 Reduction of Stellar Phulographs.

M, Xsec d+ N, Y, for X sec 0,

M, Xsecd-+ N, ¥Y, for Y,

where M,, M,, N,, N,, are computed by the following formule :

sin n sin NV’ —eos.6 cos (# — a)

sin n cos N=sin @

G =cot (d+ WN)

H =tan (#—a) sin N cosec (0 + NV)

Mz=6 (1+ H? — G tan 0) sin 1”

N, =75 6 (GH sec 6 — H tan 0 sec 0) sin 1!

M, =15 8 (G Hos 0+ Hsin 0) sin 1!

Ny, = 8 (1+ G2) sin 1!

In these formule (# — a) is the hour-angle, and / the constant

of refraction. The coefficients are so arranged that the correc-

tion for x sec 6 will come out in seconds of time, and that for Y

in seconds of arc, if Xsecd and Y are themselves expressed in

seconds of time and arc respectively.

When the hour-angle does not exceed about one hour, the

above formule may advantageously be replaced by the following,

especially if it is intended to tabulate the coefficients I, etc., for

a given declination, with the hour-angle as argument. If we put:

and suppose ¢ to be expressed in minutes of time, and compute :

tan 1 = 3 tan ¢

[6.4531—10] w, = 8 cos ¢ sec (g—0) sec 0 sin 1!

[1.1308—10] W, = + B sin 2 sec? (¢—<0) sec 0 cos (+0) cosecl sin? 1™ sin 1!

2.9169—10 Ws = z's 8. sin (¢—2 0) cos ¢ sec? 0 sec? (¢—0) sin 1™ sin 1//

9 as 3

[4.9681—10 ] w, = 9 2 sin 2:6 sec? (¢—d) sin 1™sin 1!

[6.4532—I0] w,—/3 sec? (d—<) sin 1!

[6.4637—10 ] Ws = 7s Ww, tan (¢—0) sin 1™

where the constant: logarithmic coefficients at the left-hand side

are computed: from the! Besselian refraction table, using a con-

stant value of log #; which may be done safely, when the zenith

distance does not exceed 45°. They include the effect of the dif-

ference between the photographic and visual refraction constants,

and will therefore only need to be increased by the usual loga-

rithm depending on the meteorological instruments. We then

have :

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 105

M, = ww, ?

N, = Wt

M, =w,t

Ny = Wb,

from which a table of W/,, etc., may readily be written down with

the help of Crelle’s tables. The details of the demonstration of

these refraction formule will be found in the Astronomical

Journal (Vol. XV., No. 14).

Il. Correction for scale-value, orientation, and error of centre of

the plate.

px sec 0+ +; r sec 0 Y+7;k sec 4, for X sec 6

—157rcos 0 X sec 0+pY-+ e, Lae 4

The values of 7, p,andc are found from the known stars

on the plate. We compute from the known right ascensions and

declinations by means of tables formed from the expansions given

above, the values of xsecd and y; we then have from every

known star a pair of equations of the form

T5 Nz cos 0-15 pX+r¥+k = 0 i (1)

Ny +p Y— 15 rX-+e = (1)

in which n, and 7, are computed by the following formule :

Nz = (X—ax) sec 0+ Mz X sec 0+ Nz Y \ (2)

Ny, = Y—-y+M, X sec 0+ N, Y

M,, etc., being as before the refraction coefficients.

These equations can be solved by least squares or otherwise,

and make known the values of p, 7, ete.

If the solutioa be carried out by least squares, it is by no

means necessary to form and solve the normal equations in the

usual way. For the equations possess the following peculiarity :

Hach coefficient of r in the equations derived from the right

_ ascensions appears as the coefficient of p in the corresponding

equation derived from the declination. And each coefficient of

p in the right ascension equations appears in the corresponding

declination equation, with its sign changed, as the coefficient of

7. On account of this peculiarity the rigorous least square solu-

tion can be effected in the following very simple way:

106 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

Let us, for brevity, indicate the coeflicients of p and 7 in the

right ascension equations by z and p. Let us also represent by v

the number of stars, so that there will be » right ascension equa-

tions, and as many declination equations. The general form of

the equations will then be:

From the right ascensions :

cp + pr+tk-+n!, =

where, for brevity, we have written 7,’ for 157, cos 0.

From the declinations :

pp—7r+e+n, =0

If we now indicate by square brackets the summation of vy quan-

tities, the rigorous least square solution of the above 2y equa-

tions is given by the following simple system of formule:

A=[r7] ==

D= [pp|—2E

E= [on!,|—el inl [n’s]

== js [p] [ry]

= —[rny] + Seal

C+C’

ena: weight of p=A-+ D

=o weight of r=A-+D

eNO - fs feet sae ise Gen ileal

——— { [7] p+Le] r-+[n's] |, weight of k—v— "Ee

ELS Anes) —l|7r|r | ig = ja leiedalels

C=—-— | [e] p —[7] r+ [ny] p> weight of c=» ea

By the aid of these formule, the rigorous least square solution

can be made in about half an hour, including the determination

of the weights.

_The total corrections to be added to the co-ordinates of the un-

known stars will then be: ‘

(p+) Xseed+(7; rsec 0+Nz) V+; k sec 0, for X sec 0

i 3

(—15 r cos 6+ M,)X see 0+-( p+N,) ¥+e, ae i @)

which are very readily computed with Crelle’s tables. After this to-

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 107

tal correction has been applied, we have only to turn the result-

ing xsecd into Aa, and y into Ad, by means of the tables con

structed with the expansions given above.

When it is desired to base the determination of the orientation

constant r on measures of “ trails,” we can proceed as follows:

We can regard the end of the trail simply as the image of a sec-

ond star, having the same declination as the first impression of

that star. If we calculate n, for each impression of the star, us-

ing an approximate value of 0’, or the declination of the star, the

values of n, will differ from the truth by a constant only. This

constant will of course be the error of the approximate declina-

tion we have used for the star, and will be the same for both n,’s.

With the two n,’s we get two equations like the second of equa-

tions (1). By subtraction of these equations, the above constant

will disappear, and we shall have an equation involving r as the

only unknown quantity.

As an example of the above methods of reduction, I shall take

the plate discussed by M. Prosper Henry (Bull. Com. Perm.

Tome II., deux™? fase.) This plate was taken at Paris (latitude

48° 50’) 1891, December 2, at an hour-angle of —o*9™, the de-

clination of the centre being 24°, and the right ascension 15 4™. |

The first step is the preparation of the tables for the reduction of

the 24° belt of the astrophotographic catalogue. These tables

are appended to the present paper. Table I gives the refraction

coefficients M,, etc., the numbers obtained for the auxiliaries be-

ing

W, == .000225 W, = .00000000212 W3 == .OOOO0000I15

Ws, = .OOOOII2 Ws == .0C0345 Wg — .OOOO0O0OT51

Table II gives the quantities necessary for transforming Aa

into «seco, and x seco into Aa, by the aid of the expansions al-

ready given. Finally, Table III gives the corresponding quan-

tities for Ad and y. In both tables it was found sufficient at de-

clination 24° to include terms of the third order. The actual

numbers tabulated are as follows:

Table II A gives value of A, (x sec 0) & 10°, with argument # sec 0

or (3 6c —A,' Aa SZ 103, zl 66 OG Aa

66 ILB ce (3 A,! A a3 a5 66 Aa

a5 Tl C (x3 66 Ay! y? S< 102 (a5 5 y

pier Ds 3° ‘t —A, (a sec 4)8 se Bs x sec 0

108 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

where it will be noticed that Table II 4 gives the values of —

either of two quantities, because A, and 4,’ differ only in sign.

Similarly for Table III we have:

Table III A gives value of—D, (asec)? with argument x sec 6

or “e a4 Dit Aa2 (a3 ce Aa

cc Ill B (75 ce D,! Aa? ¥ Io? ce ce Aa

ee IMU ICOR Toe ve —D, (asecd)? >< 103 with‘ x seco

ce Ill D 66 66 ID Aods with 73 Ad

or 66 66 D; ys 6c (a y

The transformation formule then become

pee

Aaa sec O+(Tab. 114)” +-(Tab. ILC)" <°°== (Tab. II D) | y eoie eee

Ad = y— (Table III 4) — (Table III C)-“ (Table III D) { Y Bostting

y negative

{ Aa positive

nsec d= Aa=-(Table I A) ---(Table II B) | 3° For,

f Aé positive

| Aé negative

= Ad+ (Table III 4)+ (Table III B) + (Table III D)

In the above formule the upper signs belong to positive values

of the arguments and the lower to negative values, as indicated

at the end of each formula. The numbers given in the tables are

invariably positive. All the multiplications can be effected with

Crelle’s tables.

I have not thought it worth while to prepare special scale-value

tables for the 24° belt, because it would not be possible to make

them definitive, in the absence of any data with regard to the

errors of the Paris réseau and screw. These errors have been

neglected in the present example. The preparation of such tables

would, of course, be extremely simple, as they are little more than |

mere multiplication tables. I have accordingly altered the units

in which M. Henry gives his measured co-ordinates; and at the

same time applied the factor 0.995, which is the approximate

ratio of the millimetre to the minute of are for the Paris instru-

ment. All of this would be done with the special scale-value

tables in actual reductions. I thus get for the data of the prob-

lem :

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 109

From Meridian observations. From the Plate.

Star | Right Ascension (1900.0) Declination X sec 0 W

h m s {e) i ut Ss “

il O71) 59 31.38 Bil | BS ails). —267.483 +1517.35

2 Oo 59 59.37 23 56 51.1 —240.496 — I91.70

3 I I 1.05 24) 22.) O57, —178.289 -+1320.37

4 I I 41.71 24 18 22.6 —137.815 + 1093.05

5 I 2 4.61 24 26 21.5 —114.790 ++ 1569.09

6 I 8 52.92 23 55 30.1 — 6.941 — 283.20

oi I 4 14.86 i) > Ales + 15.246 —2671.86

8 TF 4 16.12 Downs Oumn 54V7; + 16.262 — 68.32

9 I 6 57.04 2a One 2.9 177.143 — 5.19

10 eee da, 55-00 24 55 49.6 + 233-493 +3347.08

II I 8 7.14 Bi OS) BR +246.422 +1710.60

From Table I, we find the following values of the refraction

coefficients :

Mz = -+.000226 Nz = .0000000

M, =—.00010 Ny = -+.000345

The next step towards the determination of p, 7, & and c is the

computation of «seco and y from the above values of the stars’

right ascensions and declinations. This is done by the aid of

Tables II and III, and the computation is here given in exten-

so for the first and last stars :

Star. I. II.

h m s h m s

a! fe) 59 31.38 I 8 7.14

a I 4 0.00 I 4 0.00

Aa — | 268.62 + 247.14

- (Tab. II a) + .882 _ -913

+ (Tab. II B) — .026 ++ .020

“sec 0 — 267.764 - 246.247

é! 27 25 18.2 24 28 32.3

Ad + 1518.2 ++ Teena,

+ (Tab. III A) a 14.62 + 12.3

+ (Tab. III B) =. ae .20 ae 19

++ (Tab. IIt D) -— .03 —+- .04

Chait a 1533-95 lg 1724.90

We'now proceed to the computation of n, and n by means of

equations (2). We have:

110 Reduction of Stellar Photographs

Star. I Il

X sec 0 — 267.483 + 246.422

asec 0 — 267.764 + 246.247

(X—x) sec 0 + .281 + -175

M, Xsecd — .060 4 -056

Nz Y .000 - 000

Nx + .221 + avlatit

I5 nz cos 0 — 3.03 “+ 3.16

Y 1517.35 1710.60

y 1533-05 -+-1724.90

—Y — 15.70 — 14.30 4

M, Xseco aa .03 —_— .02 .

IN IE =- 52 -+ -59

Ny — 15.15 — 13.73

We now form equations (1), the coefficient 15 X being roughly

computed by multiplying Xsec 0 by 15cos0 with Crelle’s tables.

We thus get from our two stars the equations:

OG) men GOOS Pinta SL 7g ks AO. }

Star 1.

— 15.15 + 1517p + 36657r +¢=—0

+ 316+ 3375p +371 + k= } Star 11.

— 13.73 + 1711 p — 33757 +e =0

The quantities p and r are so small that we may neglect 54>

part of them; so that it will be quite sufficient to retain the first

two figures of their coefficients. In this way we obtain the fol-

lowing series of equations, from whose solution p and r will, of

course, come out multiplied by 100, because we have dropped

two figures from their coefficients :

FROM THE RIGHT ASCENSIONS.

1937 pt Is) ke fog ae

2— 33 p— 27r-+ k + 2.60, 0

4 SS ey SE ey yp See SE ss ==

Ah 0) 7) VSS i Pe SS ee) =O

5 Om pre 167, kh) - osname

6S pet ak Ae O2 ie aO

7 + 2p — 27 r + k + 416 = O

Sep — se) SE aa Oy a — ao

9 + 24 p or + k + 1.88 = 0

To + 32 p + 33 r + ko + 3.16 = O

p +17 7 [ova ais) == ©

Leal

(SS)

Astro-Photographie Catalogue Plates. TE

FROM THE DECLINATIONS.

eens

Tf lg AS ee OM pein ay ae a pe SiO)

De SOK TL cir e WAIADY , =O

iain o re en OA emp ey cs SAA 8) 10

eee hie pee Oe Wale eee se TOON 10

5 + 16 p + 16 r + ¢€ — 14.62 = O

COMM Ch neater awn TAA. ©

ia te De ee Pe CN —— a Aaah O

Sue eee Deen ee eC AR OC a —— KO

9 Op et ee. TAAG — 0

TOMS we SQN sn 32 Ph ea Cu ISSO) ¢——) "0

Meet (a ep GAN iy CMe UBB ta O

The combined solution of all these equations by least squares

gives the following values of the unknowns, in which p and r

have been multiplied by .or to restore their original units. The

sum of the squares of the 22 residuals is 10.3179, so that the

mean error of one equation is +0.'’76.

p = — .000089, mean error + .cooo81

7 = + .000145, iG ‘¢ + ,000081

c= 2.64, 3 a3 + 0,!24

e= + 14."24, 6c 4 Oo lo4

The total corrections required by the measured co-ordinates of

the unknown stars are now found by means of the expressions (3)

to be:

-++ .000137 Xsecd + .oooo1r Y — 0.193, for X sec 0

—.00209 Xsecd + .000256 Y + 14.!!24, [Mn

Having thus arrived at the constants required for the reduction

of the plate, we now come to the computation of the places of the

unknown stars from their measured co-ordinates. This is of

course the most important part of the subject, since the process

must be applied a very large number of times for each plate ;

while the foregoing computations need only be made for the com-

paratively small number of known stars.

As an example of this part of the work I take the first star of

the above series, treating it now as an unknown star. We have:

————

112 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

RIGHT ASCENSION. DECLINATION.

X sec 6 —267.483 Ve + 1517. 35

-+.000137 Xsecd — .037 | —.00209 X seed == -56

-+.ooo01r Y -—+ .017 | +.000256 Y 4 398

Constant — .193 | Constant +- 14.24

x sec 0 —267.696 y + 1532.54

25 (ip, mt 22). 886i), (Rath: THIeAe) arises

+ (Tab. IL c)eee — .003 | — (Tab. 111. ¢)-%— as .29

= (Tab. II D) 8034 | == (‘Tae Tite) —.) Skea

Aa —268.551 | Ad + 1517.70

Aa —4 98.551 Aod + 25 17.70

h m s | fo) i a“

a (Centre) I 4 0.000 | 6 (Centre) 24 fo) 0.03

a’ (Star) © 59 31.449 | 0! (Star) 24 25 17.70

In the above example considerably more figures have been

written down than are really necessary, and all the multiplica-

tions have been done with Crelle’s tables. The final place of the

star is of course very much more accurate than the place

originally obtained from the meridian observations.

I now give for comparison the places derived as above for all

the stars, together with the discordances from the meridian places

taken in the sense “ meridian minus photographic.” The column

headed ‘‘H” contains the corresponding residual as obtained

by M. Henry.

RIGHT ASCENSION. DECLINATION.

Merid—Photo. Merid—Photo.

| Jae. H. J—H. | Jae. H. |) Jone

hm os s S ® o 7 ul “ “ “

I| 059 31.449 | —.069 | —.064 | —.005 ||--24 25 17.70 | +-0.50 |4-0.54 | —0.04

2| 0 59 59-393 | —-023 | —-019 | —.004|| 23 5651.28 | —o.18 |—0.20 | +-0.02

3) I I 1,002; -+.048 | +.052|—.004|} 2422 8. 73 | +0.97 |-+1.02 |—0.05

4, I 141.659) +.051 | +-.054 | —.003 24 18 23.93 | —1.33 |—I.3I |—0.02

5|I 2 4.627 —.O17 | —.014 | —.003 || 24 26 21.20 | +0.30 |+-0.33 |—0.03

61 352.866| +.054| +. 053 | -+.001 || 23 55 30.97 | —0.87 |—0.9I |++0.04

7/1 414.941 | —.081 | —.084 | +.003 || 23 15 41.78 0.22 |+0.20 | +0.02

Ss I 416.068 | +.052 | +.050 | +.002 || 2359 5.82 | —o.12 |—o.16 | +-0.04

9 I 656.967 | +-.073 | +-.067 | |+.006|| 24 0 2.34] +0.56 |+0.52 |-+0.04

IO, I 755.052 |—.052 | —:054 | +.002 || 2455 49.88 | —o.22 —0.19 |—0.03

11 I 8 7.176 | —.036 | —.o40 +.004 || 24 28 32.16| +0.14 “ro. 16 | —0.02

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 113

The differences in the column J—H, though small, are of a sys-

_ tematic character. They are doubtless due in part to a difference

between the constants of reduction employed by M. Henry and

those which I have used, M. Henry having employed a predeter-

mined scale-value whilst I have deduced the correction of the

scale-value and orientation from the known stars. But in order to

account completely for the discordances, it would be necessary to

investigate the differences between M. Henry’s formule and

those given in the present paper. Such differences exist, especi-

ally in the refraction formule, where M. Henry computes merely

the change in the magnitude of the co-ordinates x and y caused

by refraction. But refraction not only changes the magnitude of

x, but it also removes the x as a whole to a different position on

the plate. And the Aa corresponding to x depends not only on

the magnitude of x, but also on its position with respect to the

centre of the plate.

It may be of interest to consider the effect of errors in the

assumed right ascension and declination corresponding to the

centre of the plate. For this purpose I take up again the expan-

sions given in the beginning of this paper, writing them now in

a somewhat different form, and introducing the auxiliaries x’ and y’

for brevity. It is sufticient for the present purpose to include

terms of the third order. We have, putting

x! = (a'—a) cos 0, y!= 0!—d (a)

the following :

«=a! —tand a! y! + 4 (1—} tan? 0) 2

y=y' +} tand wo! +4 (1—tan? 6) al? y! +4 y'3J ”)

x'—a + tan 0 ay—4 (1+ tan?d) «3 4- tan? 6 ay? f (0)

y'=y—z tand 2? —3 y—3 (1+ tan? 0) ay

From equations (a) we have, by differentiation with respect to

waand 0:

dx'=— cos 0 da — tan 0 x! dd, dy'=— do (d)

Now differentiating equations (0), and substituting from equations

dx —— cos0 da+ tan 0 y . cosd da— a2? . cosd da—ay. do f

dy = —dé0 —tandx . cosd da—ay . cosdda—y*?. do

(¢)

114 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

These results signify that if we have computed x and y from

the known right ascension and declination of the star, using a

and 0 as the right ascension and declination of the centre of the

plate, and if the true right ascension and declination of the centre

of the plate are:

a+ da d+ do,

then the true values of # and y will be:

e+ dz y + dy.

We shall therefore have the following equations, in which p

and r indicate the scale value and orientation constants, as be- —

fore, and X and Y are the observed co-ordinates :

Cen Le mee (f)

y+ dy=V+pY—rx

The constants &£ and c do not appear in these equations, be-

cause up to the present I have assumed that an imaginary line

passing through the optical centre of the object-giass, and cut-

ting the sky at a point whose right ascension and declination are

a+ da, 6 + dd

will cut the plate at a point whose co-ordinates x and y are both

o. Ifsuch a line cuts the plate at a point whose co-ordinates are

iy ' = wW

equations (f) become:

xetde=X+pX+rVYt+y

oe ee es o)

I shall now impose upon the above imaginary line the further —

condition that it be perpendicular to the plate, which condition

at once assigns definitive values to 7 and ¢, and for a given posi-

tion of the telescope, to dx and dy. 'This is equivalent to defining

the sight line of the telescope as a line drawn through the optical

centre of the object-glass, and perpendicular to the plate. In

this way we avoid the question of a possible inclination of the

plate to the sight line of the telescope.

We now substitute in equation (g) the values of dx and dy

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 115

from equations (e), replacing x and y by X and Y, which does not

cause an appreciable loss of accuracy in these small terms. This

gives :

(X— x) +p X+ (r—tans. coss da) Y + (x + cosd da) + X?. cosd da + XY di=0 h

(Y—y)+p Y —(r—tan 5. cosé da) X + (+ ds) + XY . cosé da + Y2dd=0 ( )

Equations (h) are complete equations for determining the con-

stants of reduction of a plate.

These constants are:

p, 7, the constants of scale value and orientation,

z, %, the errors of centreing the plate,

cosdda, do, the errors of pointing the telescope.

The corrections required by the observed co-ordinates of a star,

beyond those already given in my reduction of M. Henry’s plate,

are evidently

X?.cosd da+ XY dd for X

XY.coséd da+ Y2dd SO OY

When X and Y are each equal to 1°, none of these terms could

amount to 0.’’01 until cos 6 da or dé become as large as 337’.

Equations (h) bring out several very interesting points. If

we neglect the very small terms in X’, XY and Y’, we see that

the equations are of the same form as those used in the reduction

of M. Henry’s plate. But in that case it is evident that we did

not obtain the true orientation constant r, but the quantity

r—tano. cosd da

It follows that for plates taken at considerable declinations we

must not expect the orientation constant to come out the same

for each plate, as in each individual case the value obtained will

depend on the accidental error of pointing the telescope. Hqua-

tions (2), moreover, show that it is impossible to determine this

accidental error without retaining the terms in X’, etc., which

are so small that they would not determine cos dda and do with

accuracy. Similarly it is impossible to separate cos dda and do,

which depend on the pointing of the telescope, from 7 and ¢,

which depena on the adjustment of the plate.

116 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

But if we assume that the adjustment of the plate is perfect, or

in other words, that a perpendicular let fall upon the plate from

the optical centre of the object. glass-cuts the plate at the inter-

section of the co-ordinate axes used in its measurement, then

z and ¢ are 0, and we have for our former constants & and c:

k=cos 0 da, e=do

Upon this assumption, the corrections which have to be added

to the measured X and Y on the plate are:

pxX+(r—ktano) Ytk+k X2?-+-¢ XV eee

p Y—(r—k tan0) X+e+tkxY+e y2 (a4 Ve

which are of exactly the same form as the expressions (3) except

for the negligible terms in X’, XY, and Y’.

One other matter deserves brief notice in the present paper.

It will sometimes happen that certain plates do not contain

enough well-determined stars to furnish satisfactory values of p

and r. In that case we can use the known stars upon the neigh-

boring overlapping plates, as was first suggested by M. Loewy.

We may suppose that the values of p, 7, & and-e are very small ;

or, if not, that their values are very approximately known. Us-

ing these approximate values we now determine for all the known

stars, and for a number of unknown stars well distributed in

the overlapping portion of the two plates, the values of 4d and

Aa. This is done exactly in the manner already described; or,

in other words, we reduce some of the stars preliminarily with-

out the help of the overlapping plate.

Now let us indicate by p’, r’,k’ and c’, the corrections re-

quired by the assumed approximate values of p,r,and ¢; and by

the subscripts 1 and 2, any corresponding quantities belonging

to the two plates. We shall then have from each known and un-

known star the following four equations:

d! —), =A, d—r] - 1524, + py! F,+ 4

(a) d! —d, = A, 6 —r,! . 15 X, + p,' ¥, +e! :

a! —a,=A,a+ 1! . X,secd, + py! . Fx Y sec 5, + zs hy’ seed,

a! —a,—=A,a-+-1,| . X,sec0,-+ py! . y's Y,sec 0, + 75 k,' sec 0,

From these equations we obtain by subtraction

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 117

0, — 0, == 4,0 —A,6—r,'. 15 X, + 1! . 15 X, + py’ Y—p,' Y, + ¢' —e,!

(b) {%—%=A,a—A,a+r,' X,secd,—r,!. X, sec 0, + p,'. qs Yi, sec 0,

— Pz. 75 Y2, Sec 0, + qs ky’ sec 0, — 7; k,' sec 0,

If we now write

4 =A, 9 — (0! — 0,) v, = A, a —(a'— a)

f= A, d — (6! — 6,) , = A, a —(a'—a,)

fy = (A, 9 —A, 0)—(0, — 0;) Y= (A, a— A, a)-—(a, —a@)

the above equations take the form :

—7r'.15 X,+p Yi+¢'+m4=0

—T,!. 15 X,+ po! Y,+ ©! + f2=0

r'. X,sec0,-+ p,’. ps Y,secd, + 7, &,'secd, + », =o

|. X.sec 0, -+ po! . ps Y,secd, + 7, k,/ see 0, + v, =o

—r|.15 X + 1,'. 15 X, + py’ Yi—p! Yo + ¢'—@! + Hy = 0

(II); +7’. X,sec 6, — r,'. X,secd, + p,'. 1'5 VY, seco, — p,'. 7s Y,sec 4,

—- qs hk,’ secd, — x5 ky! seco, + 4%) =o

(1)

In these equations p,, »,, »,, ¥, can be computed for the known

stars, and y,, », for the unknown stars. It is therefore clear that

every known star on each plate will give us a pair of equations of

the form (1); and every unknown star on the overlapping portion

of the two plates will give a pair of equations of the form (II). By

combining all these equations by least squares, or otherwise, we

can arrive at values of p,’, r,’, etc., which, being added to the

former provisional values, p, 7, etc., give us the definitive con-

stants of reduction.

In the above operation we should of course use all the equa-

tions of the form (I) that can be obtained from the known stars.

The number of equations of the form (II) which must be in-

eluded will depend on the precision of the photographic measures,

relative to the precision of the places of the known stars. If the

photographic measures are very much more accurate than the

places of the known stars derived from meridian observations,

then a very small number of equations of the form (II) will

suffice. It should also be noticed that experience will perhaps

show that p,’ and p,’ are either equal, or connected by a very

simple law depending on the temperature of the telescope tube.

If so, our equations will of course be much simplified. In order

to settle this point practically, it will be necessary to compare

the values of p derived from many different plates. In doing

ANNALS N. Y. Acap. Scr., IX, April, 1896.—9

118 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

this it is necessary to compute the effect of aberration upon the —

value of p derived from the known stars in the manner explained

above. We find that the quantity which must be added to the —

value of p so derived, to reduce it to what it would have been if

there were no aberration, is given by the following formule: |

Y, = —(tan « sind + sina cos¢) sin 1!

Y2 = cosa coso sin 1!

Corr® = Cy, + Dye

In these formule < is the angle between the equator and eclip-

tic, and C, D, are the usual Besselian day numbers given in the

Berlin Jahrbuch.

Since each plate has four overlapping plates, it is clear that a

rigorous application of the above method of adjustment will give

us a series of equations involving twenty unknowns, four for each

of the plates under consideration. The solution of such a series.

of equations for each plate would offer insuperable difficulties, on

account of the excessive labor involved. Even the application of

the process to two overlapping plates with the necessary eight.

unknowns would be too much trouble. Except in very special

cases, therefore, we shall have to substitute some approximate

method of adjustment for the above rigorous one. Various ap-

proximate methods readily suggest themselves, but it will not be

possible to decide on the best one until a considerable iumber of

plates have been measured and preliminarily reduced. We shall

then have material which will enable us to deal with the question

practically.

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. 119

TABLE I.

REFRACTION COEFFICIENTS.

YU, N, Ny,

.000225 | -0000000 ; -000345

.000226 | - 0000000 : .000345

.000226 .0000000 : .000346

.000227 -0000000 : .000346

.000229 .0000000 F .000347

SOOO22 1) |. <5) .OOO000I .000349

.000233 .OOO000I : .000350

M, and WN, are always positive. MN, and IM, are negative for

negative hour angles.

120 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

Rigut ASscENsION TABLES.

TABLE II. A.

Aa=a sec 0-+( Tab. IL. eae +(Tab. II. C. (Tab. 506 Ds) ee ae

Ad eye

asec) —Aa=- (Tab. II. A.) ———- + (Tab. II. B)14 “ Pee

‘The numbers given in the Tables are invariably positive.

Se ee eee

TABLE II. B.

Arg.

72-3 E

123.

138.2 in

150.3 (005

160.7 ae

169.9 es

Oe 2 vk :

ee Gia

192.8 es

TS ‘oll

205-5 ‘O12

21GE Sy, ae

216.8 :

222.0 He

227.0 “O16

231.8 an

240.7 “os

Se Boe

2 Neen

253-T 622

257.0

260.8 °023

264.4 Boe

268.0 eae

271.4

274.8 Roe

278.1 OF

281.3 oe)

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates.

Ricgut. ASCENSION TABLES.

TABLE II. C.

Arg:

1036 8

MOS des

2316 003

2741 .004

ouey .005

3436 .006

3736

( Continued.)

TABLE II.

Arg.

asec 0

65.6

94.8

T12.4

125.7

136.7

146.0

1$4-5

162.0

169.0

175-3

181.2

186.8

192.2

197.1

201.8

206.4

210.8

214.9

219.0

222.8

226.6

. 230.2

233-7

237.1

240.5

243.6

246.8

249.9

252.8

255.8

258.6

261.4

264.2

266.9

269.5

' 272.0

274.6

277.1

.037

121

122 Reduction of Stellar Photographs.

DECLINATION TABLES.

TABLE WI. A.

zseos| 0 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 4 |. 5 | 6 | 4°) 8 1) Oe

8 “ “ “i “ “ “ “a “ “4 “ “

fo) 0.00} 0.00] 0.00] 0.00] 0.00| 0.00| 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02] .002]

IO o2 o2 03 03 o4 .04 05 06 07 07| .co6}

20 08 09 a0) II 12 ane 14 15 16 17) .O1o}

30 18 20 21 22 23 25 26 28 29 31| .oI4®

50 | 0.52] 0.53] 0.55| 057] 0.59| 0.61| 0.64] 0.66] 0.68| 0.71| 022mm

60 0:73 | 0.76| 0.78] 0.81} 0.83| 0.86] 0.88] 0.91 | 0.94] 0.97| .o26Rm

70 0.99) I.02| 1.05| 1.08| 1.11] 1.14 | 1.17] 1.20) 4223)\— es ocee

80 1.30 | 1.33 | 1.36] 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.47] 1.50| 1.54 | 4257.) 91.01) os=mmm

90 1.64 1.68) 1.72} 1.76) 1.79) 1.83 | 1.87) 1.91 | “105s Ogh moses

100 2.03) 2.07) 2.11 | 2515)) 2.19 || 2.23 | 2.28) 2530) oe2 6a One eos

IIo 2.45 | 2.50 | 2.54 | 2:59] 2.63) 2.68 | 2.73 | 2.77 | \2082))) ane zane

120 2.92 | 2.97| 3.02] 3.07| 3.12| 3.17| 3.22] 3.27| 3.32| 3.37| -O500mm

130 3-42 | 3.48] 3.53] 3-58) 3.64] 3.69] 3.75 | 3-80] 3.86] 3.92] .0540mm

I40 3-97 | 4-03 | 4.09] 4.14] 4.20] 4.26] 4.32] 4.38| 4.44] 4.50| .O50/%mm

150 | 4.56| 4.62] 4.68} 4.74| 4.81] 4.87] 4.93| 4.99] 5.06| 5.12] .0627

160 5.19| 5.25] 5.32] 5.38] 5-45) 5-52] 5.58] 5.65] 5.72] 5-79| .066

170 5.86| 5.93; 6.00] 6.06, 6.13; 6.21| 6.28] 6.35] 6.42| 6.49] .o70

180 | 6.56| 6.64] 6.71} 6.79] 6.86] 6.94] 7.01] 7.09] 7.16| 7.24] .O075]mm

Igo | 7.32] 7-39| 7-47| 7-55| 7-63] 7.71/ 7-78| 7.86| 7.94| 8.02) .079 3m

200 8.11 | 8.19] 8.27] 8.35] 8.43] 8.52] 8.60] 8.68) 8.77] 8.85] .083

210 8.94] 9.02] 9.11} 9.20) 9.28] 937] 9.45| 9.54] 9.63] 9.72] .087 ff

220 9.81 | 9.90] 9.99 | 10.08 | 10.17 | 10.26 | 10.35 | 10.44 | 10.53 | 10.63 | .Ooor im

230 | 10.72 | 10.81 | 10.91 | II.00 | 11.10 | 11.19 | II.29 | 11.38 | 11.48 | 11.57] .OO5

240 | 11.67 | 11.77 | 11.87 | 11.97 | 12.07 | 12.16 | 12.26 | 12.36 | 12.46 | 12.56 | .099

250° | 12.67 | 12.77 | 12.87 | 12.97 | 13.07 | 13.18 | 13.28 | 13.38 | 13.49 | 13.59] 103m

260 | 13.70 | 13.80 | 13.91 | 14.02] 14.12 | 14.23 | 14.34 | 14.45 | 14.55 | 14.66] .107 fm

270 | 14.77 | 14.88 | 14.99 | 15.11 | 15.21 | 15.33 | 15-44 | 15.55 | 15.66 | 15.77 | .111

= Viner y positive

A 0=y— (Tab. III. A.)—(Tab. ILC.) 365 + (Tab. IIT. D.) 4 7) negative

A J A A) e,e

ee positive

y =A 0 + (Tab. III. A.)+(Tab. HI. B.) 7555 = (Tab. HI. D). { A 6 negative

The numbers given it the Tables are invariably positive.

Astro-Photographic Catalogue Plates. .

DECLINATION

TABLE III. B.

Arg.

D5251> i;

92-7 Op

I19.7 03

I4I.2 ion

160.3 "05

WT-3 6G

193.0 07

207.2 me

220.7 es

233.2 “12

245-5 “yy

256.6 =

267.5 13

Hr foOme ne

TABLES. ( Continued.)

TABLE III. C. TABLE III. D.

Arg. Arg.

x seco Adory

Weis Ub S61 “

ee me

97-2 .03 1472 03

I1I5.0 ‘O4 1647 jak

130.5 os I791 OE

144.2 “Oe 19l4 “oe

156.8 107 2024 oy

168.5 a 2123 “08

179.3 09 2214 ion

LES ae) oe LO

199-3 25730)

208.5 a5 2448 aa

217.4 13 2517 iB

225.9 4 2583 TA

234.2 15 2644 ts

PART 316 ZONE

249.8 17 2762 ty

257-2 ime 2816 18

264.5 "19 2869 "19

271.6 ae 2919 “4

278.5 ee 2969 pe

285.20 4 3016 ~

3062 ee

3107 aL

3151 =

SUSE Rs

3233 127

3274 (38

B3LS

Bases

agus) Se

3126 Bait

3461 532

too

a5ar “ot

3505 “32

3598 *2

eosmeeee

3003 ~

-39

123

III.— The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

BY HEINRICH RIES.

Read March 17th, 1895.

CONTENTS.

TMGTORMMCHOM slic. coceesnavnns sense segbonts ssleetcecedviensosese sree qlece cones eee eee eee eeaee 124

LAGOra bre. 5.222250 ssc teetsncedlsalicced sided essen cteca chee aeletebeet SOsc eee eee eee EEE eee 125

General Characters of Pyroxene................cceeeneeecececececeees ‘aoe tendieled vomamenee 128:

Distribution of the New York Pyroxemes .2::.0...../.0s.05--cs+ ee eneen eee 131

Characters of the New York Pyroxenes:—

Crystallography oo. .cccsisccncris/lswiec se sic e+eevlsisnever'ssise eetence Gese sae Pe Ce Re eee CeeREEe 133

Optical! Properties: 2. 5sc setae ce sisoseslacaccsesehececssadss eden ccc cee ee eee eee ee EERE 137

IGCH=BiGUeS ss hee uc ce sien case beuiee aatteees suiececdceedancs dee eeee se cee ee eee EEE 140

Alberation Products... ccc.cc<cscclece stele daiseinaesac eevee sales detiseeelet ee ee ane ee eee 142:

Detailed Account of Occurrences :—

INTIDUCE Sa ceneseceveccesasessensucasnssaceresdacatn deessssseeacscets=e epee eee 144

WCUCAU PILE. ci elacdien sie dtisctewensatecceacecsonsessuuccesescscse see tate ee See Ree eee eee 163.

Peden bereites soo sccc. etacesnceossacdesesitescelseerocedoectecesseeee seen eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 165.

SAMMGE (oct edesetoeees doe deeess se alneasucs slg lowe ceakaas canes deciiee tele dete Ree EE eee eee 167

PDLOPST AS os ceeesiciis seas scaeleoii'ose os cwleiseevise steams ee sinjces clskue con ae ne aE eee eee 168

Genesis'of the New. York Pyroxemes. i.e, cececcce-scsece ce soaeeesee este eee eneeeeeeeee 175-

INTRODUCTION.

The following paper is intended to give the results of a crys-

tallographic, chemical and optical investigation of the mono-

clinic * pyroxenes occurring within New York State, and to this

is added such information as has already been published by others.

In the course of this work the pyroxenes in the collections of

the following institutions have been examined: School of Mines,

Columbia University; American Museum of Natural History,

New York City ; The New York State Museum, Albany, N. Y.;

Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.; National Museum,

Washington, D. C.; Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y.; Cornell

University, Ithaca, N. Y.; Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. ;

as well as the private collections of Prof. Thos. Egleston, Prof.

A. H. Chester and Mr. F. L. Nason.

* This does not include wollastonite.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 125

A constant difficulty all through the work has been the lack of

fresh material for chemical and optical work, so that crystallo-

eraphic portion of the paper predominates.

The writer wishes to express his thanks to Prof. Thos. Egles-

ton, Prof. A. J. Moses and Dr. L. M. Luquer for numerous help-

ful suggestions offered during the course of the work. Grateful

acknowledgments are also due to Prof. J. F. Kemp for much

valuable aid, and for the use of some excellent material for study.

Prof. Wm. Hallock and Prof. C. E. Colby have also aided the

writer considerably. To Prof. C. H. Smyth, Jr., the writer is in-

debted for the loan of many specimens.

LITERATORE.

The following list includes all papers referring to the mono-

clinic pyroxenes of New York State, the more important miner-

alogical ones being marked with an asterisk.

1. Barzey, S. C. H.—On the Minerals of New York Island. Ann., N. Y.

Lyceum Nat. Hist., vol. VIII, Nov. 1865.

2*. BECK, L. C.—Report on the Mineralogy of New York State, Albany,

1846. .

3*. BLuM.—The alternation of pyroxene to mica. Pseudomorphosen, 34d,

nachtrag, p. 93, 1863, and p. 163, 1843.

4*, BREWER.—Analysis of Pyroxene from Edenyille. Liebig’s-Kopp’s.

Jahresber, p. 712, 1850.

5. BRUCE.—White Pyroxene from New York Island. Bruce’s Min. Jour.,

p. 266, 1814.

6. CLEVELAND.—Mineralogy. Appendix.

7. CRAWE, J. W. AND A. GRAyY.—Mineralogy of Jefferson and St. Law-

rence Co., New York. Amer. Jour. Sci., ii, vol. XXV, p. 346 and Neues

Jahrb. fur Min., p. 83, 1835.

8*. DANA, E. S.—System of Mineralogy, 1893.

9. DANA, J. D.—Note on Hudsonite. Amer. Jour. Sci., ii, vol. XIX, p-

362.

10. DANA, J. D.—Leucaugite from Amity, N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci., ill,

vol. VI, p. 24.

11*. DEs CLOISEAUX.—Note on Hudsonite. Mineralogie, p. 62, 1863.

12*. DES CLOISEAUX.—On Pyroxene from Orange Co., Manuel de Miner-

alogie, vol. I, p. 54, 1862. Atlas Fig. 57 and 58.

_ 13*, DoELTER, C.—Ueber Diopsid. Tscher. Min. Mitth., N. F., vol I, p.

do and

14.* DoELTER, ©.—Diopside from Greenwood Furnace. Tscher Min.

Mitth., 1887, p. 286.

15. EAKLE, A. S.—On some dikes occurring near Lyon Mt., Clinton Co.,

N.Y. Amer. Geol., vol. VII, July, 1893.

126 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

16.—FincH, J.—Essay on the Mineralogy and Geology of St. Lawrence

Co., N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci., i, vol. XIX, p. 220.

17. FRIEDERICH, J. J.—The Minerals of New York, N. Y. Trans. N. Y.

Acad. Sci., vol. VI, p. 130.

18. GALE, L. D.—Geology of New ule County. Geol. Rept. of New

York, 1839, p. 177.

19.* Hawes, G. W.—Analysis of Pyroxene from Edenville, N. Y. Amer.

Jour. Sci., iii, vol. XVI, p. 597.

20. Horton, R.—List of Minerals found in Orange Co., N. Y. Geol. 1st

Dist., N. Y., p. 577, 1843.

o1.* K mani Dame lier Pyroxene from West Point. Jour. Phila. Acad.

Sci. vol. III, p. 68.

22. Kemp, J. F.—On the Rosetown extension of the Cortlandt Series.

Amer. Jour. Sci. ili, vol. XXXVI, p. 247.

23.* Kemp, J. F. & HoLuick, A.—The Granite at Mts. Adam and Te

and their contact phenomena. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. VIII, p. 638.

24. Kemp, J. F. & Marsters, V. F.—The Dikes of L. Champlain. Bull.

U.S. G. 8. No. 107.

25. Kemp, J. F.—Gabbros on the western shore of L. Champlain. Bull.

Geol. Soc. Amer. vol. V, p. 213.

26. Kemp, J. F.—Crystalline Limestones, Calcites and associated Schists

of the eastern Adirondacks. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. vol. VI, p. 241.

27.* KENGOTT.—Note on Hudsonite. Sitzber. Akad. Wien, vol. XII, p.

297, 1844, and Amer. Jour. Sci., ii, vol. XIX, p. 362.

28. *KRANTZ.—Note on Crystals of Pyroxene from Orange Co., N. Y. Pogg.

Ann., Bd., CXI, p. 263, Taf. iii, Fig. 5 and 6.

29. LACROIx, A.—Theses presentés a la Faculté del Sciences de Paris, 1 re

contribution a |’ Etude des Gneiss a Pyroxene et des Roches a Wernerite. Bull.

Fr. Min. Soc. 1889, p. 186.

30. LEEDS, A.—Notes on the Lithology of the Adirondacks. Amer.

Chemist, Mar., 1877, and Zeitschr. fur Kryst u Min., Vol. II, p. 644.

31. *LEEDS, A.—Augite from Amity, N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. VI, p.

24, 1873.

32. *MATHER, W. W.—Geol. 1st Dist. N. Y., 1846. Various references to

New York pyroxenes in the chapters on the crystalline rocks.

33. *MERRILL, G. P.—Notes on the serpentinous rocks of Essex Co., N.

Y. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XII, p. 595.

34. MERRILL, G. P.—On the occurrence of Ophiolites of Thurman, Warren

Co., N. Y., with remarks on Eozoon Canadense. Amer. Jour. Sci., iii, Vol.

XXXVII, p. 189.

35. *Nason, F. L.—Some New York minerals and their localities. Bull. N.

Y. State Museum, Vol. I, No. 6.

36. PrERCE.—Minerals of Lake Champlain. Amer. Jour. Sci., i, Vol. IV,

p. 113.

37. *RAMMELSBERG.—Analysis of Pyroxene from Edenville, N. Y. Min-

eralchemie, p. 386, 1875.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 127

38. *v. RATH, G.—Diopside from Dekald, N. Y. Sitzber. Niederrh. Ges.

fur Nat. u. Heilk., p. 224, 1886.

39. *v. RaTH, G.—Pyroxene from Orange ae N. Y. Zeitschr. fur

Kryst. u Min., Vol. V; p. 495. —

40. v. RATH, G.—Ueber Diopsid from Dekalb, N. Y. Ibid. vol. XIII,

p. 598.

41.* vy. RATH, G.—On Pyroxene from Diana, N. Y. Pogg. Ann., vol.

CXLIV, p. 377, 1872.

42.* vy. RATH, G.—Alteration products of Pyroxene from Orange Co.,

N. Y. Ibid. vol. CXI, p. 263, 1860.

43. Ries, H.—List and Bibliography of Minerals occurring in Warwick

township, Orange Co., N. Y. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. VII.

44. ROBINSON, S.—List of American Mineral Localities. Boston, 1826.

45. SEYBERT.—Note on green Pyroxene from Willsboro on L. Champlain.

Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. V, p. 116, 1822.

46. SHEPHERD, C. U.—Geology and Mineralogy of Orange Co., N. Y.

Amer. Jour. Sci., i, vol. X XI, p. 321.

47.* SMITH and BRUSH.—Note on the composition of Hudsonite. Amer.

Jour. Sci., vol. XVI, p. 369, and vol. XIX, p. 362, 1853.

48. SMYTH, JR., C. H.—Petrography of the Gneisses in the town of Gouver-

neur, N. Y. ‘Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. ——.

49. SmyTH, JR., C. H.—On the Gabbros and associated rocks in the south-

western Adirondack Region. Amer. Jour. Sci., ili, vol. XLVIIL.

50. SMytH, JR., C. H.—A group of Diabase Dikes among the Thousand

Islands, St. Lawrence River. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. XIII, p. 209.

51. SmytTH, JR., C. H.—Crystalline Limestones and associated Rocks of

the northwestern Adirondack Region. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. VI, p. 263.

52.* Troost, G.—The Pyroxenes of the United States. Phila. Acad. Sci.,

vol. III, p. 105, 1825.

53. VANUXEM, L.—Note on Hudsonite.

Jour. Phila. Acad. Sci., vol, III, p. 68.

54. WHITE, T. G.—The Geology of Essex and Willsboro townships on L.

Champlain. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. XIII, p. 229.

55.* WILLIAMS, G. H.—On the paramorphosis of Pyroxene to Hornblende

in rocks. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii, vol. XX XVIII, p. 259 1884.

56.* WILLIAMS, G. H.—Note on some remarkable crystals of Pyroxene

from Orange Co., N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii, vol. XXXIV, 1887.

57.* WILLIAMS, G. H.—Contact Phenomena of the Cortlandt Series near

Peekskill, N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii, vol. XXXVI, p. 254.

58.* WILLIAMS, G. H.—On the possibility of Hemihedrism in the Mono-

clinic System with especial reference to Pyroxyene. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii,

vol. XX XVIII, 1889.

59. WILLIAMS, G. H.—The Gabbros and Diorites of the Cortlandt Series

near Peekskill, N. Y. Amer. Jour. Sci. iii, vol XX XI, p. 26, 1886.

60.* ZIMANYI, K. Die Hauptbrechungsexponenten der wichtig gesteins-

bildenden Mineralien, bei Na-licht. - Zeitschr. fur Kryst. u Min., vol. XXII,

p. 3438.

128 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

GENERAL CHARACTERS OF PYROXENE.

The Pyroxene group includes minerals which are for the most

part normal metasilicates of the general formula RSiO,. They

are simple silicates involving a single base (as Wollastonite) as

well as isomorphous mixtures of several. They also sometimes

depart from the normal metasilicate type in that they often con-

tain an excess of iron oxide or alumina. All the monoclinic

pyroxenes are isomorphous mixtures of more than one base. ~ i

Hintze makes the following varieties :*

Diopside. MegCa Si,0,

Sahlite. (MgFe) CaSi,O, 7

Hedenbergite. CaFeSi,0,

Schefferite. (MgFe) (CaMn) Si,0,

Jeffersonite. (MgFeZn) (CaMn) Si,O, ;

: (MgFe) CaSi,O,+ |

uate. ees (AlFe), Si O,

Pyroxene crystallizes in the monoclinic system, and the crys-

tallographic relations of the different members vary but little.

The members are theoretically of different composition, although

they nevertheless grade into each other.

The axial ratios upon which measurements are usually reckoned

are those calculated by G. V. Rath on augite from Vesuvius

(Pogg. Ann. 18738, Erg. Bd. VI, p. 340.)

a:b :ce=1.09213 :1. : 0.58931.

(o— (ee cml ae

The habit of pyroxene crystals is usually columnar parallel to

ce (001), those of augite tending towards a short thick form, while

those of diopside are often slender. In cross-section they ‘are

frequently rectangular or square from the great development of

a (100) and b (010) but they are sometimes tabular, and if so the ©

flattening is parallel to a (100). (The New York pyroxenes are

an exception to this rule). Hemihedrism is known to occur, but

it is very rare. Twinning is commonest parallel to a (100) and

sometimes parallel to ¢ (100). Hintze also mentions twins par-

alel to y (101) and W (122). The twinning line often runs

through the middle of the crystal and in this case gives no reen-

* Handbunch der Mineralogie, p. 1016.

+ Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie, p. 1019.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 129

trant angle. Lustre vitreous todull. Crystals often transparent

especially in the diopsides. Color mostly green, but varies from

colorless through various shades of green to black, also brown

and yellow. Streak white, green or gray. Fracture conchoidal.

Cleavage parallel to m (110). Parting parallel to c (001) and

a (100). Hardness 5-6., Sp. Gr. 3.2-3.6.

Etch figures on diopside usually show triangles the acute angles

of which point in the direction of the positive hemi-pyramid, or

a deltoid with rounded sides, whose acute angle points towards

the negative and obtuse angle toward the positive pyramid. A

parallelogram is formed on the clino-pinacoid.

The plane of the optic axes coincides with the plane of sym-

metry, and the acute bisectrix lies in front of the vertical axis.

Pyroxene is optically positive. c:¢ varies from 36°-54°.

Tschermak* claimed that the variation of the extinction angle

is due to the chemical composition and that it is especially in-

fluenced by the percentage of iron in the non aluminous ones.

He noticed that a change of color was accompanied by a change

in the angle which the optic axis made with the normal toa. F.

J. Wiik+ claimed that c: ¢ increased with the percentage of FeO

in the Finnish pyroxenes. He, however, found that there were

pyroxenes which would not fit this rule,and came to the con-

clusion that the pyroxenes of the younger volcanic rocks fol-

lowed a different law.

-Herwig{ made a long series of similar determinations, but

they showed no deducible law.

-Doelter§ found in a series of augites that the FeO percent-

age (in those containing no Fe,O,) had an effect on the optical

properties. No regular law could be formulated if Fe,0, were

present or if the sum of FeO and Fe,O, were used. A better

curve was obtained when the sum of FeO, Fe,O; and Al,O, was

taken. A regular curve was only obtained when the sum of the

amounts of the component silicates are taken. :

Flink found that manganese had the same effect as iron on the

extinction angle. ;

According to Des Cloiseaux|| an increase of temperature pro-

* Min. Mitth., 1871, p. 21.

{ Zeitschr. fiir Kryst. u. Min., VIII, p. 78 and 208.

t{Ibid, XI, p. 67.

% Neues Jahrb., 1885, I, p. 56.

|| Nouv. rech., 1867, p. 649.

130 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

duces a change in position of the optic axes and bisectrices. In —

a section normal to the acute bisectrix.an increase of tempera- —

ture from 17° to 196° © caused the optic axes of light colored ;

pyroxenes to wander 1° 34’ from their original position; with —

more intensely colored ones the change was 0° 36/.

Pleochroism is generally weak, and is found chiefly in the

darker varieties, the light colored ones being non-pleochroic.

The specific heat of pyroxene has been determined on the black

diopside from Nordmarken, Sweden, and found to be 0.1830.

The different varieties of pyroxene may be defined as follows: —

Diopsipe. CaMeSi,O, or SiO,, 55.60% ; CaO, 25.90; MgO,

18.5. Color white, yellowish, grayish white to pale green, or even

black. Crystals often transparent and colorless. The crystals

are usually slender and prismatic, and iron is frequently present

in small amount.

Malacolite as originally used referred to a bluish-gray or gray- —

ish-green variety. Rosenbusch classes under this term those —

rock-making monoclinic pyroxenes poor in alumina or free from

it, and not laminated parallel to the orthopinacoid. <Alalite, Tra-

versselite and Canaanite are merely locality names.

HEDENBERGITE. CaFeSi,O,, or SiO,, 48.40; FeO, 29.40; CaO,

22.20. Occurs in crystals or in lamellar masses, of a black color.

SAwuitE. This is placed by Dana as a sub-variety, but Hintze

makes it a full species, having the composition (MgFe)CaSi,Og.

The color is usually grayish green, and the name is derived from —

the type occurrence at Sala, Sweden.

Diallage. According to Dana* the composition is near diop-

side, but it often contains a considerable percentage of alumina.

Its chief characteristic is a lamellar structure due to a parting

parallel to the orthopinacoid, sometimes another parallel to the

clinopinacoid and less often one parallel to the base.

Coccolite was first applied to a dark green variety rich in iron

from Arendal, but is now used to designate any granular variety

of pyroxene.

AvGiTE includes the aluminous monoclinic pyroxenes. It

varies more in composition probably than any of the other var-

ieties. Dana gives the composition as CaMgSi,O, with (MgFe)

(AlFe),SiO,, and Hintze gives it as (MgFe) CaSi,0,+(MgFe)

*System of Mineralogy, 1893.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 131

(AlFe),SiO,. The color is usually green to black, and the habit.

of the crystals is short and stout.

Leucaugite is a name given to white or grayish varieties, with

alumina, lime, magnesia and little or no iron.

The varieties described above are purely theoretical and no

fixed line of division exists, for all stages of transition in com-

position between the different ones may occur.

In treating of the pyroxenes of New York State the writer

has for convenience set an arbitrary line of division, classing as

diopside those with less than 3% of alumina and as augite those

containing more than that amount.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE PYROXENES IN NEw YorRK STATE.

There is in the eastern portion of New York State an exten-

sive area of igneous and metamorphosed rocks which are bor-

dered by the Cambrian and Silurian strata of sedimentary origin,

and into which they have often penetrated. Where the limestone

is in contact with the igneous rock it not only becomes more

coarsely crystalline, but there are also developed in these contact

zones a number of minerals chief among which are pyroxene,

amphibole, wollastonite, scapolite, garnet, tourmaline, feldspar,

titanite, zircon.

This large igneous area forms the Adirondack massif west of

Lake Champlain, and which extending through Clinton, St. Law-

rence, Essex and Jefferson Counties, includes a series of (Ref.

29 and 30) quartz-orthoclase gneisses with biotite or augite, crys-

talline limestones often shading to ophicalcites on the east and

closely associated with black hornblendic and pyroxenic gneisses.

on the west, and thirdly a great series of intruded plutonic rocks:

on the Gabbro family.

In this region the pyroxene occurs in the form of small grains

and crystals as a primary constituent of the gabbros and gneisses,

as well as in the limestones and ophicalcites at or near their con-

tact with the intrusive masses. In the limestone, the pyroxene

begins to appear in scattered grains as the contact is approached,

and these increase in number and degree of development until at.

the contact the limestone is often filled with an interlacing mass

of crystals while between it and the intrusive there is often a

space lined with well-formed and sometimes quite large pyroxene

crystals. Other minerals may occur as well, and the space be-

y © etn ‘>

132 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

tween is frequently filled with calcite. The igneous rock also be- —

comes more pyroxenic as the zone of contact is approached. —

The most important of these contact localities are at Russell,

East Russel, Gouverneur, Pierrepont, Diana, Natural Bridge,

Rossie, Oxbow, Dekalb and Edwards.

The small beds of ophicalcite of the eastern Adirondack re-

gion contain an abundance of pyroxene in grains and crystals,

which are either disseminated through the rock or else collected

with other minerals in the form of large bunches of silicates in

the limestone. An excellent illustration of these bunches of

silicates appears in a recent Beper ‘by Prof. J. F. Kemp. (See

Ref. 30.)

In this same region the pyroxene not unfrequently occurs in

intimate association with the ore-bodies, either as well developed

crystals, or forming granular streaks between the ore bed and the

wall rock.

The pre-cambrian rocks of the Highland region in southeastern

New York are composed of a series of gneissic and granitic

rocks, interbedded limestones and beds of iron ore, the whole in-

tersected by many dikes. The conditions of occurrence of

pyroxene in this region are therefore somewhat similar to those

found in the Adirondacks. While it occurs in grains and anhedra*

in many of the gneissic rocks and dikes its best development is

around the beds of magnetite. The most important localities are

at the O’Neil Mine, the Bradley Mine and the Sterling Mines.

Owing to the cessation of mining these localities are practically

exhausted.

To the southwest of the Highland region the area around Mts:

Adam and Eve is of great importance, for the intrusion of the

granite into the limestone has given rise to.a rich development of

contact minerals, pyroxene being among the best developed.

Most of the specimens have been found near Edenville.

The gabbros and diorites of the Cortlandt Series, near Peeks-

kill, Westchester Co., contain an abundance of pyroxene, and the

same mineral has been formed as a result of contact metamor-

phism in the surrounding limestones (Ref. 61 and 63). The same

is true of the Rosetown extension of this area across ee Hudson

River (Ref. 22).

*L. V. Pirsson. Philadelphia Meeting Geol. Soc. Amer., Dec. 1895.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 133

Other isolated pyroxene occurrences are at the Tilly Foster

Mines, Putnam Co., and at New Rochelle, Westchester Co., the

former associated with magnetite in gneiss and the latter with

serpentine.

| Pyroxene is very abundant at certain localities in the dolomitic

limestones of Dutchess, Putnam, Westchester and New York

Counties. The crystals all bear the closest resemblance to one

another, and are found singly, in streaks, or in clusters lining

cavities. A massive form of the same species occurs at times.

The important localities are Kingsbridge, New York Co., Sing

Sing, Westchester Co., Pawling and Paterson, Dutchess Co.

The dolomites in which these pyroxenes occur have been highly

metamorphosed by dynamic action.

It will be seen from the foregoing that the pyroxenes occur in

New York State under the following conditions: 1. As primary

constituents of igneous rocks. 2. In the contact zones between

the limestones and intrusive rocks. 3. In crystalline limestones

in areas of regional metamorphism. 4. Associated with the iron

ore bodies.

In general, it may be said that the lighter colored varieties

occur in the limestone, while the darker ones are found along the

contact zones and in the igneous rocks. The minerals usually

“found associated with the pyroxene are scapolite, feldspar, wol-

lastonite, amphibole, titanite, mica, tourmaline, garnet, chond-

rodite, zircon and quartz. The pyroxene occurs both massive or

in crystals that are scattered through the rocks or that form clus-

ters lining veins or cavities. These latter are generally filled in

with calcite or quartz.

GENERAL CHARACTERS OF THE NEw YORK PYROXENES.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.

The forms occurring are comparatively few in number, but the

combinations and their relative development of faces are, in most

instances, quite characteristic of the locality. These peculiarities

are mentioned under the detailed descriptions of the different

localities. The great majority of the specimens found only show

faces in the prismatic zone, owing to adverse conditions of

growth. Doubly terminated individuals are not uncommon but

they have not been observed from every locality.

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, May, 1896.—10.

134 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

The following faces have thus far been noted on the New York ~

Pyroxenes :

m(110) © P w (111)—P

f (310) © P3 s( 111) P

a(100) 0 Pw v (221)—2P

b(010) © P& o ( 221) 2P

¢(001) OP 4 (331) 3P

e(011) P A (311) 3P2

2 (021) 2P uw (121)—2P2

p(101) Po a (312)—3P3

Prisms. The unit prism m (110) is a very common face and is

almost invariably present. It may or may not exceed the ortho

and clino pinacoids in size. The ortho-prism (310) has only

been observed on one crystal from this state and that from the

Tilly Foster Iron Mine in Putnam Co. It has not been previ-

ously recorded from New York State, but is common on many

European pyroxenes.

Pinacoids. The ortho pinacoid a (100) and the clino pinacoid

6(010) are as common as the unit prisms, but show great varia-

tion in their development. When of equal size and greater de-

velopment than the prism the section of the crystal is square. A

greater development of one of the pinacoids gives the crystal a

tabular habit. Thus the white pyroxenes from Sing Sing, West-

chester Co., are nearly always tabular parallel to a while those

from St. Lawrence Co. are not uncommonly tabular parallel to 0b.

The basal pinacoid ¢ (001) is often seen on terminated crystals.

A basal parting may give the same appearance to the crystal.

The basal pinacoid face is generally rectangular in outline, but

this varies somewhat depending on the number of faces which in-

tersect it.

Domes. Two clinodomes and one orthodome occur. The latter

is the commonest of the three. It is rarely present without the

basal pinacoid and is generally smaller than it. A characteristic

exception to this rule is found in the augites from Mt. Adam,

Orange Co., and those from the Tilly Foster Iron Mine in Put-

nam Co. The two clinodomes e (011) and z (021) are generally

represented by small triangular faces. The dome z is rare, but

the dome e is quite a characteristic form on many augites from

the Highland Region of Orange Co.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 135

Pyramids. Terminated crystals as a rule show the positive and

“negative unit pyramids and the positive pyramid 0 (221). The

latter is rarely present without the other two. The pyramid

v (221) israre and usually small when present. A notable excep-

tion to this is the white augite found in the dolomitic limestones

of Dutchess, Westchester and New York Counties. The 4 (311)

has only been observed on crystals from two localities, viz., Rus-

sell and De Kalb and the pyramid 2( 331) is even rarerand found

on crystals from Diana, Lewis Co., » (121) and a (312) have only

been noted on augite of Orange Co.

A curious inequality of development is shown by the diopsides

of DeKalb, on which one face of w(111) is often large, while the

other is so small as te appear absent.

The pyramid faces are often dull or even slightly rough, and

seamed with a series of longitudinal pits.

The accompanying table gives the distribution of the different

faces found on the New York pyroxenes.

TABLE GIVING OCCURRENCE OF CRYSTAL FORMS AT THE DIF-

FERENT LOCALITIES.

LOCALITY. al\ec\b\m|fle|ziuls|vi|o|A\A\ p\pula

prams? Wake. .. ccc. cevsccees |e | x | & * | * *

NITE EVE asec sce sisleis sis ee aloes % |e) He) x es a

‘Clavilevoyote] & G0 | Lea ee a Be | 5 |) Ss || 2s eS) 5 *

IN AMlOn sc levsis sais Givis oe Sa code % |X| x) % * x ee |} 28 2 {aes

MBNVeNTT APM eke circ), cehencle ela duis % | |x| % */) xe) x *| x

Gouverneur... .............06. se fer a Bef eo) fe

Greenwood Lake.............. oo || eo ho? es

Hammondville................ to || 2)]] 3" 8 %

Highlands of Hudson.......... So |) eo) ee || 3 aS

LUNGS Da Cr Belles alee (ae |

SNACOMMDS oo cicls . cis oa sob owe cals oe ||" |] 51 as

Monroe “Township....-:........ 28 |p Sah ep eS ea a * a

Mapural Bridge..:.-.-.......0.. ee he ae ea al ee %

BUPA O NVA Uma casiafoove elicvevaiorare oc ree |] eg eo) fas ee || es eS

IPA ee. oon mje csie 6 ee 6 e nyers s 2 | ee eo || 8 pa ee

MENDON a5 cc cece ccs cceseces: % | |e |

PSG RHE Ga oa eee ee eae ae | % |e | % a | 2S x a

BMMEBEVCHIY once ges acess es parle aes f alle A

SISSIGS) goo She oae Cee See Ba | ary og |e *3

SEAS CUM Est fhe cl cso ettea sore lavcie 0.0 ace oy 2 oes a cs

BOM OG lege a cscs oneness oe 3 || 29 |) ee |) oF 29 || 8 “

PRUVBOSFEL: 2o.c5 ce ccc e ence ao ea EN all arg ee | es oS ce

BIRTH CIES cslale vicisie Saeco tases 5 ee | oi) eo eal ee a ae [23

136 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

Cleavage. A well-developed prismatic cleavage is often pres-—

ent. Sometimes it is only apparent in thin sections, but at others —

is so pronounced as to cause the crystals to cleave easily. An

orthopinacoidal cleavage is said by A. R. Leeds to occur in the

pyroxenes of the Adirondack region (Ref. 34), but it is probably —

a parting.

‘Parting. There exist two pronounced partings due to twin-

ning, one parallel to the base, the other to the orthopinacoid.

The former is the more abundant and is seen on specimens from

nearly every locality.

Both show themselves on the surface by the existence of numer-

ous striz.

Twinning occurs after two laws, viz., parallel to the base and

orthopinacoid, the former being the most common. Usually the

only outward evidence of the fact is the striated surface referred

to in the preceding paragraph.

The twinning may be repeated, the alternate twin lamelle being

generally extremely thin. At times there is only one twinning

plane which; passes through the centre of the crystal, parallel to

the orthopinacoid, thus producing twice the number of faces of

the same symbol at one end of the individual.

A curious case of twinning is noted by Prof. G. H. Williams

on a erystal from Orange Co., in which the lower half of the

crystal alone is twinned. (Ref. 60.)

Perfectly fresh crystals do not generally show twinning.

Hemihedrism.—According to Prof. G. H. Williams this has been ~

shown to occur on crystals from two localities in New York State

(Ref. 62). One example is a crystal from Orange Co., which shows

planes of different forms grouped about opposite extremities of the

verticalaxis. From its occurrence on several crystals this inclined

hemihedrism seems to be not altogether rare. The Orange Co.

crystal shows ¢ (001), s (111), 0 (221),e (011) andw(111) at the

upper end and ¢ (001) and w (111) at the lower. Another crystal

from this same locality shows c (001), s (111,) 0 (221) and u (111)

above, and below the two halves of the crystal in twinning posi-

tion and with only 0 (221) and p(101.) The crystal was carefully

tested by Prof. Williams but showed no pyro-electricity. <A

second instance of hemihedrism is noted in a crystal from Grassy

Lake, St. Lawrence Co., with u(111,) s (111), 0 (221) at-one end

and p (101), ¢ (001), u (111), s(111) and o (221) at the other.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 137

These crystals were first called by Prof. Williams hemimorphic,

but subsequently the term hemihedral was used by him.

OpTicAL PROPERTIES.

With the exception of an approximate determination of the ex-

tinction angles of the pyroxenes occurring in the igneous and

metamorphic rocks of New York State, the only optical determi-

nations which have been made are those by K. Zimanyi on De-

Kalb diopside (Ref. 64), and by C. Doelter on augite from Green-

wood Furnace. (Ref. 14.)

This may be due to the fact that New York does not abound in

fresh glassy crystals whose condition would be such as to en-

courage optical investigation.

Relation between the optical and chemical properties.

The researches of Wiik, Doelter and Herwig have already

been mentioned in the introductory portion of this paper, and in

order to determine how far the writer’s results agree with theirs

the following table was made, giving the extinction angle, and the

percentages of FeO, Fe,O, and Al,O3.

Sum

LOCALITY. eN\t FeO. Fe,O,. AJl,O3;. of Three.

uusselaweeeceeeeeees 37° 1.29 2.42 3.71

DeKalb............ 40° 1.12 n-A0 1.52

Sing Sing......... 40° .80 4.11 4.91

Port Henry....... 41° 1.80 1.32 3.12

Pitcairn ........... 41° 30’ 1.301 3.09 4.391

ID TAM He sees eaee eae 41° 30’ 8.63 .50 4.94 14.07

Greenw. Furn...42° 20’ 2.55 5.05 5.09 12.64

Warwick.......... 45° 15’ 6.86 .O7 5.82 13.25

Cheever........... 52° 15.98 3.00 7.49 27.00

An examination of the above table shows that the extinction

angle does not increase with the percentage of FeO, thus showing

a disagreement with Wiik’s results, although it should be added

that Wiik found several exceptions to his rule. Comparing the

extinction angles with the corresponding sum of the ferrous and

‘ferric iron gives no better results. If, however, the combined

percentages of FeO, Fe,O, and Al,O, be taken, a more regular

Series is obtained, the greatest variation being the pyroxene from

Russel. If, furthermore, those containing under 3% of Al,O, be

excluded from the list as belonging more properly to the diop.

Sea Oe

Pie iki

138 ‘The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

sides a still better series is obtained, but not a perfectly regular

one.

Indices of Refraction.

These were determined by the Kohlrausch method,* on speci-

mens from all localities furnishing sufficiently fresh material.

The measurements were made on polished surfaces, but the reflec-

tions afforded were often rather weak. For the sake of compari-

son the indices of refraction for yellow light are given below:

a p Y

ARUSSE ee ace eoseceectes sens 1.6626 1.6718 ~ 1.6940

leo Jo lGvaN 7 Gosesocnedenoode 1.6683 1.6730 1.6902

Dekalb iiisyet: soescecee: 1.6674 1.6745 1.6961

IDEIG HID) GSccosonneecoosancone 1.6749 1.6852 1.7013

Splines ISyhMke soegeocsjcodeenuoT 1.6778 1.6848 1.7025

JEANKEZ HUA) nooocogneeoconqeedons 1.6806 1.6843 1.7036

ADIAM As ceecscetsenessucesseeerss 1.6888 1.6932 1.7108

It will be seen that the index of the Russel diopside is the

lowest of the series, and lower in fact than any recorded in

Hintze’s Handbuch der Mineralogie, where a number of determi-

nations made on pyroxenes from various localities are given.

Axial Angles.—The axial angle is known to vary with the

chemical composition in the same manner as the extinction angle,

the increase of the angle with the corresponding increase of iron

and alumina does not seem to be as regular, however, as the en-

largement of the extinction angle, and also, the axial aiile does

not increase with the extinction angle.

The following table may serve to illustrate this fact :

CNG 2 Vna. Sum of FeO, Fe,O;, Al,O..

REISE lewccsecensconestae se 37° 58° 56” 3.71%

IDG Hl oy spnabodeosseeace 4q° 59° 30° 1.52%

Synoye> Sy ae eee goseaecasAeT 40° 10 59° 4.91%

Porbeblenmy ress: 41° 56° 30’ 3.12%

PUt@alUM es eeeace cscs ge: 41° 30’ 59° 40’ 4.391%

ND ey ofc es cose Aeqaeeaaaacnn 41° 30° 60° 40’ 14.07%

The same disagreement between the extinction angle and the

axial angle, is shown by the following measurements { of pyrox-

enes from other localities.

* Methylene iodide with index of 1.732 was used.

+ Determined by K. Zimanyi, see Ref. 60.

{ Hintze, Handbuch der Mineralogie, p. 1026-1029.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 139

LOCALITY e/Ar 2 Vna

Diopside, Nordmarken.................05 38° 337 58° 52/

White pyroxene, Kussinsk, Ural...... 38° 34/ 58° 45’

Diopside, Schwarzenstein, Tyrol...... so Al 58° 56/

Green coccolite, Arendal ................. 40° 22/7 58° 38/

Schefferite, Langban. .................000 44° 2537 65° =3/

Diopside, Nordmarken.................... 44° 42/ 60° 287

ee SONGS Wagansthedose seers 45° 21/ 66° 44”

Hedenbergite, Tunaberg................. 47° 10/7 59° 52/7

Augite, FTASCAatl ........0.:.20scenseseeeons 54° 68°

MertuHop or Curtine Sections at RigHtT ANGLES TO THE ACUTE

BISsECTRIX.

In cutting sections of the crys-

tals for the purpose of measuring

the axial angle some difficulty was

at first experienced in getting the

section cut at just the desired

angle, as no saw for sectioning

brittle minerals in any desired

direction was at hand. The fol-

lowing method was devised and

on account of its simplicity and

the uniformly good results ob-

tained seems worthy of mention.

A frame of hard polished steel

-was made of the shape, shown in

the upper part of Fig 1. On the

clinopinacoidal face, or a ground

plane corresponding to it, there is

scratched a line representing the

trace of a plane normal to the

acute bisectrix. The crystal is then fastened in the frame with

a piece of wax so that the line coincides with the upper surface

of the frame, and plaster of paris poured in around it and allowed

to harden. The crystal is thus firmly embedded in the frame as

shown in the lower cut of the figure, and is ground down until

its surface is even with that of the steel frame. The crystal is

then removed, the ground surface polished and cemented to a

glass slip and the other end of the crystal ground down in the

usual way.

140 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

The section giving a perfectly symmetrical and satisfactory —

interference figure was obtained at every trial. The smallest —

crystal sectioned was three-eighths of an inch long and the same —

in width.

ETCHFIGURES.

Crystals of diopside from DeKalb and augite from Pitcairn,

showing smooth and bright faces, were treated with warm hydro-

fluoric acid for several minutes, and in both cases with the follow-

ing results: |

<<]

™

On the prism face there was produced an acute angled triangle,

whose longer side was parallel, or very nearly so, to the edge

110/010. The acute angle always pointed towards the positive

hemipyramid, while the obtuse augle pointed towards the ortho-

pinacoid.

On the orthopinacoid the etchfigures were irregularly deltoid

in outline, with the lower end rounded, and the upper end always

drawn out into a point which was towards the negative hemi-

pyramid.

Somewhat irregular figures were produced on the clinopinacoid,

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 14]

but those which far exceeded all the others in numbers were rec-

tangles, whose longer side made an angle of 25°, with the edge

010 /\110. Theupper sides of these rectangles are parallel to the

intersection of 010 and O11.

A triangular figure was produced on the negative unit pyramid

face, whose acute angle pointed toward the edge 111/\111. The

base of the triangle made an angle of 15°, with the edge 111/\110.

Very unsatisfactory figures were obtained on the basal pina-

coid. The majority were squares whose sides were respectively

parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the orthopinacoid.

There were also a few pits whose outline was closely that of an

equilateral triangle.

The results noted above agree very closely with those obtained

by Wulfing* on diopsides from Ala.,; and by Greim}. Greim

states that the triangular pits were sometimes truncated by a

fourth plane, but this was not noticed by the writer on any of

the crystals etched by him.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.

As previously stated pyroxene is divided into several varieties

of definite theoretical composition. It rarely happens that the

analysis when calculated out gives a formula which corresponds

exactly to any of these, but instead, the pyroxene is found to

consist approximately of an isomorphous mixture of several

metasilicates.

Rammelsberg { put forth the theory that in aluminous pyrox-

enes, the ferric iron and alumina were present as sesquioxide and

mixed with the normal metasilicates, thus giving the general

formula n R Si0,+R,O,, while the pyroxenes with no alumina

were simple mixtures of isomorphous silicates.

Tschermak § subsequently showed that in many cases in the

alumina free augites Ca=Mg-+Fe, while in the aluminous ones

Ca<Me+Fe.

The writer has attempted in each case to calculate the mixture

of metasilicates present. (See detailed accounts of localities).

*Beitrige zur Kenntness der Pyroxenfamilie in Chemischer und Optischer

Beziebung.-—Heidelberg, 1891.

{Neues Jahrbuch ftir Mineralogie, 1889, p. 252.

t Zeitschr. d. d. geol. Ges., 1876, p. 496.

% Min. Mittheil., 1871, p. 17-46,

142 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

This was sometimes possible, but at other times the result was ©

not exact, due perhaps to impurities or a slight error in the

analysis. In all the analyses made by the writer the material

was finely powdered and then treated with a magney and after-—

wards with a specific gravity solution.

An examination of the formule calculated shows the presence

not uncommonly, of the wollastonite or orthorhombic pyroxene

molecule. There also remains at times an amount of SiO,.

The analyses further indicate that Tschermak’s theory of the

relation between Al,O, and the oxides of Ca, Mg and Fe holds ©

good in the case of only about one-half of the New York

pyroxenes analyzed, as will be seen from the following table:

ALUMINOUS PYROXENES.

Ca. Mg-+-Fe. LOCALITY.

-4041 > 13.9 Oly maemermcsaasaenameanene Cascadeville.

4278 2 SOQ eee cele aeeseoane Diana

.386 > TGA aceemeniatenacconeeteee Keene

OL. < AITO) sonae cH SddceaneencandercaG a

.3353 << RAD BOM uenennate sumeueeceane Mt. Marcy.

.3825 < FAG Rt ove tasctucomemassenee Pitcairn.

.309 < aS enon SoOneb arene cance maaees Pt. Henry

.4166 > XO} )e AGE aban bpeccdaadccsancs Rogers Rock

-4107 > SO Dest naamunen dosemeters as

.368 << PADD cing sae ccins saenaeaaaeres Greenwood Furnace.

277, Ss Fal (oko RGB AB ROH REECE CREE Rosetown.

.480 > SOMO saa eee ee ante Warwick.

.458 = VOODOO A Tacceweasee eect eee Edenville.

4432 > FANS OS acsa acon cette teene Sing Sing.

.o75 > BRHa IS moaparoncodcoddensintobde West Point.

.345 a PAY enacts tec ewes Seaaecene Willsborough.

.394 <G VANION Siete acetate esas Edenville.

ALTERATION PRODUCTS.

Uralitization is the almost universal method of alteration. It

begins with the appearance of a fibrous structure on the surface

of the crystal, especially the prism faces, and gradually extends

through the entire individual. This change is well shown in the

pyroxenes of Russel and Pierrepont. The white varieties alter to

tremolite, as shown by the white pyroxenes of Kingsbridge and

Sing Sing. .

These paramorphs of hornblende after pyroxenes are well shown

in the gabbros of the Cortlandt Series near Peekskill, where there

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 143

is a direct change to compact black hornblende. Prof. Williams

has stated that the tendency of the pyroxene molecule to assume

the form of hornblende is sufficient to affect a complete change in

the crystalline structure, but if ‘“‘some external agency could be

introduced, which would render the molecules more or less mobile

without increasing the temperature to a point where the augitic

mode of arrangement is more stable than the hornblende, it will

be readily seen that they must assume the form best in accord-

ance with the lower temperature.” He also thinks that just such

an external agency as this would be furnished by the pressure to

which the rocks are subjected in mountain making (Ref. 59).

A second and not uncommon alteration product is serpentine.

This change is well shown in the ophicalcites of Warren and Essex

Counties. The serpentine grains show a core of unaltered py-

roxene, and all stages in the transition may be seen. The com-

position of the serpentine and pyroxene are given below (Ref. 38).

Pyroxene. Serpentine.

Si@eeeeereeek esi, Liye 55.26 42.17

BAUTY Oheaieee seh tha 2 RaNesR 22 .30

10{S (ORME: SeR Une en te £22 1.57

COR meats et em rech uasiees Da .64

NTs OPnL Saba Ask aagusaeees 19.53 41.33

CWAOM ss omee to hoseeasa ss 24.48

MT Oeste toa scemccn sean: tr tr

Eve Oe ens Sra Seat 13.72

100.28 99.73

As will be seen from the above analyses, the change consists in

the assumption of water and the loss of lime, which crystallizes

out as calcite.

_ Chlorite has been observed as aresult of the alteration of augite

in a few instances (Ref. 15, 48, 49).

Pink garnet frequently appears to result from the alteration of

the augites in the Adirondack gabbros (Ref. 29). The two min-

erals occur in very close association, and the same cracks often

traverse both. The following is an analysis of the pyroxene and

the garnet :

Pyroxene. Garnet.

Suse retiiice toi anaeemes 56.00 43.38

CO Reascu ne esanctects coe tieacete AOR Tice cmb mi hai eyesias

144 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

Pyroxene. Garnet.

IM On Siiivz tesst<ccsaeneet ss 5.23 10.50

les Os ascent omescencans de eees 4.70 17.08

UIE O rs cana seSorocbapcenapeoenoonb 8.44 5.05

IMO} Sess ces ceaeewesseuseeeenes -70

UNM hist aaaansodpenauasoneadcn .00

Loss on Ignition............ -20

99.32

Blum (Ref. 3) has described the alteration of pyroxene to mica

in the augites from Monroe Township, Orange county. The

sides of the crystals are almost entirely covered with brown mica

(clintonite), which is the same color as the augite. The mica.

plates have their cleavages in approximately parallel position. In

one crystal only a core of the augite remained.

DETAILED ACCOUNT OF PYROXENE LOCALITIES.

Augites.

For convenience the occurrences are divided into the Adiron-

dack Area and the Highland Region, under each of which heads.

the localities are arranged alphabetically.

I. Tort ADIRONDACK AREA.

Adams Lake.—The writer feels some hesitation in describing

this locality under the heading of New York State, for while

there are a number of specimens in the Columbia University col-

lection whlch are labeled “Adams Lake, N. Y.,” there is also a.

crystal exactly like the others labeled ‘““Adams Lake, Can.,” and

Iam informed by Prof. F. D. Adams that there is a Canadian

locality of this name, which is a bay of Lake Rideau, in lots 2, 3,

4 and 5, Ranges V and VI, N. Burgess township, Ontario.

The crystals are light green and 14 inches long, with smooth

faces which are bright in places, but also show some uralite.

They are all doubly terminated. The combination of forms.

present in all is a@(100), b(010), m(110), wu (111), s (111), 0 21),

c(001) and p(101). (PI. XVI, Fig. 7.) The dome z (021) may

occur. Both basal and orthopinacoidal partings are present.

Bonaparte Lake, Lewis Co.—There is one crystal in the collec-

tion of Columbia University which is said to come from this.

locality. It is exactly like those described from Adams Lake.

Cascadeville, Essex Co.—Granular pyroxene in a calcite vein

is found on the mountain side above Long Pond, opposite the

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 145

hotel. The grains are rounded, transparent, of a light green

color and many have a strong basal parting. No faces were

found on them. An analysis of this material showed :

Per cent. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SEO A Ba eee ria 54.63 9105 ~ 22

UNE Os eamece icine te eincsn see 5.26 .0513 il

COP saeseinaeae st eatees 3.00 .0416 1

CAO Mecanecusucdesnacauces 22.63 4041 10

INI O wre ty. Cobol 14.18 3545 9

99.66

The above analysis gives the formula Mg,Ca,,Fe,A1,Si,.0,,,

which may be considered as made up of FeSi,O,, CaAl,SiO,,

Mg,Ca,Si,,0;;. The latter corresponds closely to the diopside

molecule MgCaSi,O,.

According to Beck (Ref. 2, 289),* green pyroxene crystals

occur at this locality which show the combination a (100), 0(010),

m (110), ¢(001), p (101), 0(221), (111), and w(11l1). At the

same place there is found a yellowish green or emerald green cocco-

lite, which is translucent to semi-transparent. It is associated

with grains of jet black pyroxene. The former is probably simi-

lar to the greenish granular pyroxenes in calcite from this locality

in the collection of the New York State Museum.

DeLong’s Mill.—Pyroxene of a dark color occurs in Hammond

Township near DeLong’s Mill (Ref. 2, p. 295), together with

zircon, feldspar and apatite. The forms noted on it are a(100),

6(010),m (110), and w(111). A grayish white and green variety,

with a strong prismatic cleavage and pronounced basal parting,

also occurs. A very incomplete analysis of it is given by Beck.

Diana, Lewis County.—There is an excellent section of a con-

tact zone exposed on Ashmore’s farm, near Natural Bridge. It

_ is along the contact of the anorthosite and limestone, and is about

two feet wide. The mineralogical structure of it is as follows:

There is next to the gabbro and shading into it a layer containing

abundant wollastonite. Next to this and towards the limestone

isa second, though not sharply defined layer, containing a mix-

ture of feldspar, scapolite, sphene and zircon. There then follows

calcite with much pyroxene, and then coarse granular calcite,

*The Long Pond mentioned by Emmons (Geol. N. Y., 1837, p. 31) is the

same locality as Cascadeyille.

146 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

which passes into the normal limestone. The pyroxene in the

limestone at the contact often shows well developed crystals. —

Graphite is common in the limestone.

The augite crystals from Diana are generally black or greenish

black, and in section green. They have smooth, but dull faces.

Doubly terminated specimens are not rare, and a basal parting is

nearly always present. The ordinary combination of forms is

a (100), b(010), m (110), uw (111), s (111), 0 ( 221) and 2 (021), (Pl.

XVI., Fig. 6). Other combinations observed on crystals from this

locality in the Columbia University, School of Mines collection

are m (110),b (010), ¢ (001), w (111), o( 221) and s( 111); a (100),

and 6b (010) broad, m (110) narrow, c (001) broad, e (011) narrow,

and w (111) small, (Pl. XVI., Fig. 1). The latter resembles the

common Orange County form. A strong prismatic cleavage is

sometimes present, and the crystals often reach a large size one

in the School of Mines collection being five inches long, three inches

thick, and with the forms a(100),0(010), m(110), ¢ (001), and:

0( 221). It closely resembles the dark green augite from Russel.

The following combinations of forms from Diana are noted by

L. C. Beck (Ref. 2) m(110), 0( 221), v (221); a(100), m (110),

0 (221); a (100), (010), m(110), 0( 221); a (100), b (010), m (110),

e(001), w(111), (111); and a@ (100), m(110), e (011), v (221).

There is in the Root collection at Hamilton College, a light

green crystal from Diana which has the forms a(100). 6(010),

m (110), p (101), 0( 221), and 2(331). (Pl. XV., Fig. 8). The

crystal is twinned many times parallel to ¢(011), and once par-

allel to a (100), the twinning plane dividing it symmetrically.

The similarity of this twin to those of fassaite from Monzoni in

the Tyrol has been pointed out by G. v. Rath, (Ref. 41).

An analysis of the common dark green pyroxene from Diana gave

Per cent. Ratio. Prop. parts.

BiOs ieccsorsnsaae cnc: 53.97 .8995 290

HE Oia. aeherencenueeee 8.63 .1198 39

Ca@iae Riots ce sceeeaee 23.96 4278 133

MIO Ds OAS Ss waaretes 7.32 .1830 60

BAGS OF eerricteactirsap essence 4,94 .0482 15

JES Oe aes 0.50 .0031 1

. 99.33

Sp. Gr. 3.36

This gives Ca,3,Mg,4,Fe3, Fe. AlgoSicg9 sso

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 147

or 39 (CaFeSi,O, )

15 ( Al,Si,0,)

60 (CaMgSi,O,)

CaF e,SiO,

33 (CaSiO; )

leaving Si,.O.,,, which is approximately SiO,.

ck 41° 30/

1.6888

1.6932

y 1.7108

y—a .022

2QW* 79° 277

QV 60° 407

mR ©

Gouverneur, St. Lawrence Co.—-Bright gray and dark green

pyroxene occurs associated with hornblende in the limestone one

mile southeast of Gouverneur (Ref. 2, p. 295). A flat crystal

tabular parallel to 6(010) is figured by Prof. 8. L. Penfield in

Dana’s System of Mineralogy, 1893. The forms on it are a (100),

6(010), m (110), ¢(001), w (111), v (221) and A (811).

Augite in rounded masses and with an extinction angle of 40°

occurs in the schist nnderlying the limestones at Gouverneur.

In the gneisses the pyroxene in section is pale and colorless and

has-an extinction of 45°. It shows a certain amount of alteration

to chlorite, but changes mostly to uralite. Pyroxenic phases of

the limestone are not uncommon, the latter containing colorless

grains of pyroxene with a high extinction angle (Ref. 48).

The dark green crystals which the writer has seen from this

locality are usually of prismatic habit and without terminations.

One form in the Collection of the School of Mines, Columbia

University, shows a (100), 0(010), c(001), with u(111), and

s(111), very small (Pl. XIV., Fig. 4). A white and much decom-

posed crystal in the same collection has the planes a(100),

6(010), m (110), ¢ (001), and w(111). (Pl. XVLI., Fig 4).

Hammondville, Hssex Co.—There is a small black crystal with

smooth dull faces from this locality in the collection of Cornell

University. (Pl. XIV., Fig. 1). The planes noted on it are

~m (110), and 6(010) broad, a (100) narrow, and the terminal faces

are c (001), and s(111). The crystal is a very well formed one

considering its occurrence with magnetite. The sp. gr. is 3.5.

Black pyroxene associated with magnetite occurs on the shore

*2W =in HO.

148 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

of Crag Harbor near Port Henry, and is said to occur in regular

grains and imperfect crystals, (Ref. 21).

Keene, Essex Co.—Black pyroxene in calcite is found at the

Weston Mine two miles southwest of Keene. The mineral occurs

intermixed with the ore, and also in streaks along the edges of |

the ore bed. When surrounded by calcite the pyroxene often

develops well bounded crystals, the ordinary form being a@(100),

6(010), m (110), and ¢(001). One small crystal had the combina.

tion a (100), b(010), m (110), s( 110), and 0( 221). (Pl. XVL., Fig

2). Most of the crystals are decomposed and in section some-

times show an abundant deposition of magnetite grains along the

cleavage lines. In section the augite is slightly pleochroic, the

colors being green to yellow. It also exhibits an intimate asso-

ciation with garnet, which may perhaps be an alternation product

of it. (Ref. 26).

An analysis of the fresher portion of the material gave

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiO Sa Rae reheat eat cena 56.00 .933 32

BiEO! occa baer tos aes 2.40 03 1

CAO WP oat aecbe eer sent 21.63 386 13

MOO eerie aeaouce ceete 5 23 1307 5

I OLN nian MCA ds 4.70 029 1

INTO RSA Le Gasehenieaetee tees 8.44 082 3

A lkalliies oie a eseeeeay .50

MeTMATOTIL, 5 ssSocsgancooseone 20

99.10 .

Sp. Gr. 3.5

From the above we obtain the formula Oa,,Mg,Fe,Fe,Al,

Si,,.0,;, which is resolvable into

5 (CaMgSi,0,)

CaF eSi,0,

3 (CaAl,SiO,)

CaFe,Si0,

leaving Si,,0,,, which is approximately SiO,.

Keene, Essex Co.—Dark green prismatic grains of augite are

abundant in the limestone near Keene. Their composition is

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. Parts.

SiOf sae Wenctecunavinses 56.14 -935 467

JOS 0s aadneeesannemanraoere 2.85 .039 19

es On sceniwauvecncnsescains 238 .002 1

PEAT SOS Reetieaeee, hs eae 8.19 .080 40

CHOn eae ce 17.79. eeeST 150

INGO) Anco panesaceeancoasone 13.67 .34 170

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 149

_ Lyon Mountain, Clinton Co.—The Bostonite dikes near Lyon

_ Mountain contain augite associated with plagioclase and olivine.

The augite occurs in irregular grains or idiomorphic crystals,

showing a(100), 0(010), and m (110). -It is usually of a rose tint

and shows slight pleochroism. The large, well-formed crystals

show a decomposed granular core, and alteration to chlorite is not

uncommon. The extinction is about 45° (Ref. 15).

_ Mi. Marcy, Essex Co.—Diallage is said to occur in broadly

foliated dark green masses in the gabbros of Mt. Marcy (Ref. 30).

_ The composition of it is

Per cent. _ Ratio. Prop. parts.

SH0)y RAS Sanda 46.28 7811 56

TOLER eee 59

EO Meee aeccesmapexes ccs 14.80 .2055 15

(CRYO aes serene ee hres 18.78 -3300 24

IMs 0) BindecanopeBesasacos 8.91 AP aZITl 16

BekOse ohio tet 2.21 . .0138 1

IST 0 aS aN ie 7.38 .0720 5

BAGO ry, Shee stakes a 1.115

100.065.

Sp. Gr. 3.386

This calculated, gives the formula.

Cay MgigFeysFe, Al oSis60175

This can not be resolved into a mixture of isomorphous sili

cates, and it seems therefore more reasonable to consider the

ferric iron and alumina to be present as oxides, and we therefore

get

Cap,MgigF e);8i;,0 16; +Fe,0;+-5A1,05.

The pyroxene formula can then be resolved into the following

metasilicates :

15 (CaFeSi,0,)

9 (CaMgSi,0,)

_ 7 (MgSiO, )

Natural Bridge, Lewis County.—The pyroxenes from this

locality are generally embedded in calcite. As Natural Bridge

lies almost on the boundary line between Lewis and Diana Town-

ships, it is probable that many of the crystals labeled ‘‘ Diana”

come from the former locality.

A number of augite crystals were collected by the writer at

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, May, 1896.—11

150 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

Natural Bridge, but none of them showed any good terminal —

faces. The fice’ of the prismatic zone were usually easily recog-

nizable and smooth. The crystals are dark green to black. Only

three specimens have been found in the collections examined,

which were labeled as having come from this locality. One is a

group of grayish black crystals in the collection of Hamilton

College, showing the forms a (100), }(010) narrow, m (110) large,

u (111), 0 (221) and s(111) small. (Pl. XV, Fig. 9.) The pyra-

mid faces are etched with longitudinal interrupted ’ striations,

those on u(111) being parallel to a (100), while those on 0 (221)

are parallel to )(010). The other two specimens above mentioned

are single crystals in the collection of Columbia University,

School of Mines. They are black with a greenish coating, and

doubly terminated. The combination of forms noted on both is

a (100) and 6(010) very narrow, m(110) large, u (111), s (111),

0 (221) and z (021) very small. These crystals are very like the

form usually labeled as having come from Diana.

Oxbow, Jefferson Co.—Pyroxene occurs on the shore of Vroo-

man’s Lake (Ref. 2, p. 290), near Oxbow. lt is of a green color

and associated with crystallized mica. The forms recorded are

a (100), 6(010) narrow, m(110) broad, ¢ (001), and s (111). The

only specimen which the writer has seen from this locality is in

the Root Collection at Hamilton College. The crystals are simi-

lar to those described by Beck and show the planes oy

b (010), m (110), w (111), s (111), and o (221). .

Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co.—The green augites from this lo-

eality have bright prismatic faces and striated terminal ones.

The crystals occur singly or in clusters and are invariably inter-

grown with microcline and albite.* A prismatic cleavage and

basal parting are generally present, though the former is only

seen in thin sections. The crystals are mostly two to three

inches long and about an inch thick. Doubly terminated indi-

viduals are not rare, and a common habit is a flattening parallel

to 6 (010). The terminal faces are always covered with inter-

_rupied striz. The most general combination of forms is a (100),

b(010), m (110), w (111), s(111), and 0 (221) (Pl. XIII, Fig. 7). The

basal pinacoid c (001) is not uncommon, and p(101) was noticed

on one specimen in the Columbia University collection. Another

*L. M. Luquer, School of Mines Quarterly, XIV, p. 328.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 151

~ combination of forms is m (110), b (010), ¢ (001), u (111), 0(221),

Seand s(111).

A second variety in the same collection is a cluster of very

small glassy crystals of a grayish white color. They are 4-4 in.

ee long, with the ends rounded, but the faces in the prismatic zone

are a(100), m(110), (010). An analysis of the common green

variety gave:

Percentage. Ratio. : Prop. parts.

SOM ae. oc sotencn ane 54.57 .9061 50

CON niecceteicachvoetsesss 1.301 .018 il

CaO veeideseceits Seseeeteese 21.42 .3820 21

WO peat sek sass eincicelsnntise 18.56 464 26

INI Oy cedonescanondeaesenac 3.09 .0302 2

JAM ANTES Paececestescicr ene 40

WomibYOMUseese sens sees 15

99.39

From the above we obtain the formula

Cay MgygFe, AlSi59O154, Or (Ca,; Fe, Al,) MgygSis 90454.

This is close to diopside in composition but, on account of the

high percentage of alumina is placed under augite.

Sp. Gr. 3.20.

C:¢ 41° 307

Na.

a 1.6806

p 1.6843

yk: 1.7036

y—a .0230

Sst isl Giz

2V 59° 40/7

Port Henry, Essex County.—Pyroxene of a jet black color

occurs in close association with the magnetite at this locality.

Massive and granular specimens are not uncommon, but crystals

are rare. There is a fine group of crystals in the collection of

Prof. Kemp, which were found in the Cheever mine at Mineville,

four miles northwest of Port Henry. The pyroxene is associated

with granular magnetite and labradorite, and occurs on the edge

of the orebody. When it is intergrown with the magnetite it

shows no crystal faces, but when surrounded by the feldspar well

developed ones occur. The crystals (Pl. XIV, Fig. 8) are about

half an inch long and nearly the same thickness. In the pris-

~ YY

152 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

matic zone are a (100), b (010) and m (110) equally developed, but —

the latter may become so narrow as to give the crystal a square

appearance. The terminal faces are u(111) and s (111), the latter

often so extended as intersect the front prism faces. A basal

parting is sometimes present as well as a lamellar structure. The

crystals have smooth but dull faces and are emerald green in the

thinnest sections. They show a strong pleochroism. C:¢ is 52°

and the specific gravity is 3.60.

A section thin enough to measure the angle of the optic axes

could not be obtained, as the material is so opaque, nor could any

determinations be made of the indices of refraction by the Kohl-

rausch method, even with using phenylsulphide.

The composition of this black augite is:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

IOS eesss Soabeaee esac ce 49.12 .8186 37

ME Oss ounces asta anes 15.98 .2220 : 10

CaO re eciaccapatiwsiseeniess 17.30 .309 14

IN y Oh pe ae iat Ai nee 6.06 .151 7

Ble) tee dest anccedas 3.53 .0220 1

TATE O ean ted edwin 7.49 .0731 4

99.48

Sp. Gr. 3.60.

From this analysis we obtain the formula Ca, ,Mg,Fe,, Fe, Al;,-

Sige On nol

4 (CaMgSi,0,)

10 (CaF eSi,0,)

2 (MgAl,SiO,)

MgFe,si0,

leaving Si,O,;, which is approximately SiO,

_ Rogers Rock, Essex Co.—A greenish gray variety of augite of

slender prismatic form with the planes a, b and sometimes m is

found at this locality (Ref. 2). One specimen was 7-8 inches

long and of proportionate diameter. The crystals which are

rarely well formed are associated with feldspar and titanite. They

are sometimes intergrown with the latter.

An analysis of this augite by Seybert (Ref. 45) gave

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

DLO) teces nde seoboccmeee woe 52.66 .8676 14

EO ce seesce ee aoe atest 12.30 .1708 Sur

(ORO) en eneeeepoaodccossnan 23.33 .4166 7

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 153

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

IME O ooodecSqesuocdendanos 5.73 .0932 2

PAU ROS rioucsddens owes os 6.66 .065 1

EON eee aera, 33

IMGT Os Bcusaneaeseemiades tr

101.01

This gives Ca,Mg,Fe,A1,Si,,0,3 or approimately

3 (CaF eSi,Og)

2 (CaMgSi,0,)

CaAl,Si0,

CaSi0,

A brown and black granular pyroxene is associated with the

erystallized material and the composition of this as analyzed by

the same author was found to be

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiO sca seers aes 51.00 85 22

TCO breton cwestesisne ies ets sa 14.43 20 7

CAO Maer cseceeedsrne ees 23.00 4107 10

Ie OGL bscccar se 6.26 1545 5

INTRO Ae i ose a 3.00 0293 1

TEENO SR aon es aan .66

Mi O Perot conse ceiiar tera tr

98.35

_ This gives Ca,,Mg;Fe,Al,Si,,0,, or approximately

7 (CaFeSi,0, )

3 (MgCaSi,O,)

MgAl,SiO,

MgSi0O,

Rossie, St. Lawrence Co.—Most of the individuals from this lo-

cality are large green crystals, with smooth dull faces and glassy

interior. Those specimens in the collections of Columbia Univer-

sity have evidently come from a veir in the anorthosite at its con-

tact with the limestone. Most of the crystals exhibit the com-

mon basal parting, and the combination of faces observed on allis

a@ (100), B(010), m (110), wu (111), 0 ( 221), and s( 111); ¢ (001), also

occurs on some. One figured by Prof. Penfield in Dana’s System

of Mineralogy shows a (100), b (010), m (110), wu (111) and o (221).

CEI EVI, Fie. 5).

Prof. G. H. Williams has described a crystal of pyroxene col-

lected at Grassy Lake near Rossie, (Ref. 58), and which is now

154 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

in the collection of the National Museum at Washington. Itis —

33 inches long, and perfectly formed. The interesting feature

about it is the hemihedral distribution of the planes. At the

upper end are the planes wu (111) very large, s( 111) and 0 (221),

at the lower end p(101), ¢(001), w(111) small, s(111) and

0( 221). In the prismatic zone are a (100), (010), m(110). On

Pl, XIV., Fig. 2 there is given a drawing of this crystal copied

from Prof. William’s paper.

Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—Many of the forms from Russel are

stout greenish black often doubly terminated individuals, of vari-

able size. They have moderately smooth prismatic faces, but

much pitted terminal ones. The ordinary combination of planes

is a (100), (010), m(110), p (101) and u(111) (Pl. XV., Fig. 7);

0 (221), was seen on one specimen. This same form of crystal is

sometimes labeled Pierrepont. A parting parallel to a(100) and

c (001) is present. One form in the Columbia University collec-

tion is very flat parallel to b(010) and shows only the planes

6(010) and m (110). (Pl. XIII., Fig. 3). It is much decomposed.

Thousand Islands.—Many of the diabase dikes of these islands

contain augite, which in section is of a brownish pink color,

with faint pleochroism. The prismatic cleavage is pronounced

and twinning abundant. The augite alters to pale green chlorite

or toa yellowish brown aggregate resembling serpentine. (Ref. 50.)

Chilson Hill, Ticonderoga, Essex Co.—The rock at this locality

is a gneiss containing much calcite. The minerals found in the

former are scapolite, quartz, graphite, apatite, titanite and pyrox-

ene. These latter which have been described by F. L. Nason

(Ref. 39), are peculiar on account of the large size of the crystals,

and the inclusions which they carry. Two specimens in the col-

lection of the New York State Museum at Albany are said to be

the largest ever found in the State and perhaps in the world.

The larger of the two measures 36 inches in circumference and is

18 inches long, and weighs over 100 pounds, while the second is

18 inches in circumference and 12 inches long. The faces present

are @ (100), 6 (010) and m (110), all equally developed. There are

no terminal faces, the flat ends of the crystals being due to part-

ing planes. The crystals are commonly lamellar and badly

decomposed, and the faces are roughened by numerous small in-

terrupted strie. Calcite often penetrates the crystals and to-

gether with quartz often forms rounded included masses. Graph-

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 155

ite is also a common associate and scales of it deeply penetrate

the crystals.

The gabbros of the eastern Adirondacks contain a green augite

_ in great abundance. Deep pink garnets occur in close associa-

tion with it and the same cracks often traverse both minerals.

_ As has been already mentioned the garnet is probably an alterna-

tion product. Reaction rims of hornblende around the augite

often separate it from the feldspar. (Ref. 29). Interstitial allo-

triomorphic augite occurs in the diabase dikes, south of Port

Kent, Essex Co., (Ref. 24), and also in the diabase, lamprophyre

and camptonite dikes of Willsboro and Essex township of Essex

Co., (Ref. 54).

2. THe HIGHLAND AREA.

Bradley Mines, Monroe Township, Orange Co.—These mines

are about three miles northeast of Arden. The bed of mag-

‘netite is cut by a diorite and porphyry dike. Associated with

the ore are large quantities of calcite enclosing crystals of mag-

netite, apatite, augite and titanite, as well as some pyrrhotite.

The augite is in granular masses or in short, stout crystals of a

dark green color. They all show the planes a(100), 0(010),

and m(110) in the prismatic zone, but the terminal faces are

too rounded to admit of positive identification.

Coldspring, Putnam Co.—Beck (Ref. 2, p. 294) states the oc-

currence of pyroxene at this locality, but gives no further infor-

mation about it.

Greenwood Furnace, Orange Co.—This is another indefinite

locality. There are no mines or mineral localities at the former

site of Greenwood Furnace, now called Arden, and most of the

ore used was obtained from the Oneil Mine, which has furnished

an abundance and variety of mineralogical specimens in past

years, so that the crystals labeled Greenwood Furnace very prob-

ably came from there. There is also a possibility of their having

come from the Bradley Mines, in Woodbury Township, about

three miles northeast of the old Greenwood Furnace.

- Beck (Ref. 2) states, however, that pyroxene associated with

crystallized mica has been found one-half mile east of Greenwood

Furnace. It is green, gray-green and ash-gray. The combina-

tion of forms are a(100), m(110), e(011); a(100), m(110),

€(011), ¢(001) ; a (100), 6 (010), m (110), ¢ (001); a (100), 0 (010),

156 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

e (011), ¢(001), »(101). ‘One crystal found was 6 in. — and 10°

in. in circumference.

There are a number of specimens in the collection of the New

York State Museum which have the usual habit of Orange County

crystals, with the faces a(100), 6(010), m(110), c(001), and

e (011).

The specimens in the Columbia University collection are short,

stout greenish black crystals, of the combination a (100), 6 (010),

m (110), ¢(001), and s(111). One fresh piece was found which in

section gave an extinction of 42°40’. This is very close to that

recorded by Doelter er 14). The color in section was light

green. :

Doelter has described some augites from Greenwood Furnace

(Ref, 14), in which the extinction on b(010) was 42° 20’ and on

m (110) 31° 50’. The crystals were prismatic individuals with

their faces somewhat roughened by alteration, but the light green

interior portion of them was perfectly fresh. The composition of

this latter portion was:

SiO prccdecalacttsaed sce ade este waeawesodeeccaensa co tes aeaeees 49.18

FCO) tide estes sevdwosieiate antadeaaeeaneeueete cee cteenenecteees 2.55

CaO i catiess vesicle caeued bide ead seeuecae ert ned eee 20.62

DES Oi a ssasaabiu oncelanacaoe de acetic unaeease- teem seen 16.83

Gs Og: ieee easei alive e een Wav eguue ee aecene ea aa eam 5.05

TSO Bea ccdew be tase htc taa tine wae MLA ae sao 5.09

99.52

Sp. Gr. 3.295.

The above calculated gives a formula Si,,Ca,,Mg,,Al,Fe,

Fe,0,5,5, which Doelter considers as consisting of the following

silicates :

19 (MgO, CaO, 2 SiO,)

2(CaO, FeO; 2 Si0,)

2 (Fe,0,, MgO, SiO.)

3(Al,0,, MgO, SiO,)

He then points out that Ca:Me:Fe:: .368: .420: .035 or as

11.5:12:1, hence Ca<Mg+Fe, as he claims is the case with

augites.

Highland Township, Orange Co.—Granular pyroxene is not

uncommon around many of the small ore bodies found in the

township.

There is one specimen of granular augite in the Columbia

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 157

- University collection, from West Point. The exact location is

unknown. It very closely resembles that found with the ore

near the Weston mine in Essex County.

_ Highlands, Putnam Co.—Pyroxene occurs associated with

~ amphibole and titanite at the pyrite mines on the east side of

_Anthony’s nose. The writer found one large decomposed crystal,

_ with prismatic faces and a lamellar structure caused by basal

parting.

A large stout augite crystal, much decomposed and bearing the

_ label “‘ Highlands of the Hudson,” is in the Cornell University

collection. It has the common habit of Orange county crystals,

. with the combination of forms a(100), b(010), m (110), ¢ (001)

and e(011), (Pl. XIV, Fig. 5). Attached to it are several smaller

a ones with the planes s (111) and w (111).

A fine black doubly terminated crystal of the form shown in

Pl. XV, Fig. 3, and labeled “ Orange Co.,” is in the Williams

College collection.

Monroe Township, Orange Co.—It is unfortunate that the

term Monroe on many pyroxene labels indicates nothing more

definite than Monroe township, for there are several localities

within the township where pyroxene occurs, and when the term is

found on labels of specimens which were collected over five years

ago, it may also refer to localities within the townships of Tuxedo

and Woodbury, which were formerly included in Monroe town-

_ ship. In the present township the two localities which have

_ furnished most of the pyroxene specimens are the Oneil and the

Clove Iron mines, both southeast of Monroe village.

The majority of the pyroxene crystals which the writer has

seen from this township are large black or greenish black indi-

viduals, with dull roughened faces and more or less decomposed.

One of the best specimens is in the collection of Cornell Uni-

versity. Itis a black doubly terminated crystal, about 14 in-

long, and 2 in. thick. The faces present are a(100), 6(010),

m (110), w (111), s (111), o (221) and p(101) (Pl. XIII, Fig. 2).

The faces in the prism zone have an almost submetallic lustre

and are striated with lines parallel to the base, which probably

represent parting planes.

Another group of black crystals in the same collection shows

the forms a (100), 6(010), m (110), c(001) and e(011). (PI. III,

Fig. 3). This combination is a very common one in Orange

158 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

county. The crystals of this group vary in length from a frac- —

tion of an inch to several inches. The base is often very narrow. —

Still another specimen from Monroe township in the same collec- —

tion shows the combination a (100), 6(010), m(110), w(111).

(111), 0( 221) and z (021), the latter very small, (Pl. XIII.,

Hig.'d).

There is in the Columbia University collection a single crystal

from Monroe township. It is black with rough faces and about

an inch long. It is tabular parallel to a(100) and shows the

forms a(100), 6(010), m(110) and e(011), (PL XV, Fig. 1).

Growing out of one end is a smaller crystal of the same form and

habit, the axes of the two being parallel. The larger individual

is twinned parallel to a(100), but the smaller one is not.

Montrose, Westchester Co.—A gray or red augite associated

with plagioclase occurs in the gabbros of the Cortlandt Series

south of Peekskill. (Ref. 57 and 59). Both colors often appear

in the same individual. The mineral shows no pleochroism, but

frequently has a strong orthopinacoidal parting, and the meta-

morphism which the rock has undergone has often produced a

peripheral granulation of the augite. The diorites of this region

show excellent examples of the passage of pyroxene to compact

brown hornblende.

The limestone around the Cortland area often contain a gran-

ular lime bearing pyroxene along and the near contact, and green

pyroxene is similarly developed in the limestones at Stony Point

on the West Shore Railroad. It is here associated with light

green hornblende, zoisite, titanite, and much scapolite.

fosetown, Rockland Co.—Green augite is a common constituent

of the diorites near this locality (Ref. 22). It is closely asso-

ciated with less basic hornblende which was formed before it.

An analysis of this augite made by Prof, Kemp gave:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SOs weeseattcee canes 46.00 76 10

PAE Onsen RAs cues sates 14.80 134 2

TREES Oey sear Fait ath 11.20 .07 1

INTRO) Mocs teehee ticeeeuss 4.75 .119 2

CAO Soe ae ee 15.52 <2td 4

INGA Oia enacanece cree nse ccced 3.20

KO! a ieiecnaes commeseae ens 4.70

100.17

Tuxedo Township, Orange Co.—At the Sterling Iron Mines”

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 159

_ dark green granular pyroxene is abundant, associated with horn-

blende, epidote, red and white feldspar, biotite and tourmaline.

_ Much of the gneiss in the vicinity of the orebody is pyroxenic.

‘Tilly Foster, Putnam Co.—Although many mineral species

_ have been described from the Tilly Foster Iron Mines, pyroxene

has not yet been recorded from there. It is not common how-

-eyer. There is one group of small crystals in the collection of

Columbia University.

The crystals are about + inch long, green and transparent, with

smooth faces. Some show a basal parting. The general com-

bination of planes is a(100) and 6(010) narrow, m(110) broad,

¢ (001) large, w(111), and s(111), the latter so extended as to in-

tersect the front prism faces (Pl. XIV, Fig. 12). The crystals

are embedded in calcite.

A second and unique specimen is in the collection of Mr. F.

L. Nason, of New Brunswick, N. J. It is a single individual

about # inch long and + inch thick, and tabular parallel to 6

(010). There are terminal faces at one end, but the other is

broken off. The planes of the prismatic zone are smooth and

bright, while the terminal ones are slightly pitted. The combina-

tion of forms is a (100), b(010), m(110), f(310), 0 (221) and

p(101) (Pl. 1,Fig.1.) A very small dome face probably e (011) is

present. The orthoprism / (3810) is very narrow and is of interest

as it is not known to occur on any other pyroxene from this State.

It was determined with the reflection goniometer.

The extinction as measured through the transparent crystal is

41°11’,

Sp. Gr. 3.6

There have been recently added to the Columbia University

collection some large crystals from this locality. The largest is

a prismatic individual about two inches long and without termi-

nations. It is permeated throughout with grains of pyrrhotite.

Another but well-formed crystal, is about one inch long, ¢ inch

broad and 14 inch thick. The faces are smooth and fairly bright

in places. A strong basal parting is present and the crystal is

‘slightly tabular parallel to 6(010.) There is also an abundant

deposition of fine grains of pyrrhotite along the parting planes.

The following combination of forms occurs on this crystal and

nearly all the smaller ones found attached to it. a@(100),b (010)

broad, m(101), c(001) small, p(101) very large, w(111) small,

160 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

s(111) long and narrow, and 0(221) small, (Pl. IV, Fig. 9.).

z(021) was noticed on the large crystal, but the face is a very

small triangular one. The small crystals are often transparent

and exhibited a beautiful green color similar to the one in Mr.

Nason’s collection.

The pyroxene at Tilly Foster is associated with a large lentic-

ular bed of magnetite occurring in the gray gneiss. In the

lower portion of the orebody is a great mass of massive horn-

blendic rock. The associated minerals are serpentine, chon-

drodite, fluorite, garnet, pyrrhotite, amphibole, ripidolite, tourma-

line and calcite.

Two Ponds, Monroe township, Orange Co.—Beck states that

pyroxene of a gray-green, green or brown color occurs in lime-

stone at Two Ponds, (Ref. 2, p. 291). It is associated with

titanite, zircon and scapolite and is both massive and crystallized.

The crystals are usually only prismatic with rough ends, but

other combinations are a(100), m(110), 0(010) and e(011);

a (100), m (110), 6 (010), ¢ (100) and p (101); and m (110), p (101),

e (001).

Warwick Township, Orange Co.—Pyroxene is very abundant,

near Edenville and Amity, and around Mts. Adam and Eve, a

short distance to the north. It occurs either in the contact

zones between the granite and the limestone or else disseminated

through the latter at some distance from the contact. The con-

ditions in passing from the granite to the limestones are as

follows: (Ref. 23) Near the contact the granite either becomes

an aggregate of green pyroxene and scapolite or a granite like

zone formed of the two is present. The limestone near the con-

tact is also charged with silicates in bunches or scattered through

it. These bunches are composed chiefly of brownish-green horn-

blende, dark brown biotite or phlogopite, green pyroxene, (light

green in section), titanite, pyrite, calcite and some scapolite,

Chondrodite is also present sometimes and with it spinel. At

one locality where the granite and limestone are in actual contact,

the former contains pyroxene and scapolite and the latter coarsely

crystalline calcite and phlogopite. Fifteen feet from the contact

the granite has green pyroxene associated with quartz and micro-

cline. On the southwest side of Mt. Adam, the scapolite zone

contains large prisms of scapolite and pyroxene, the latter about

half an inch in diameter and often several inches long. The

‘The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 161

presence of fluorite, chondrodite and warwickite indicate mineral-

izers.

The pyroxene crystals occurring in the scapolite zone are dark

green, and in section light green. The faces of the prismatic

zone are a (100), 6(010) and m (110), equally developed ; they are

smooth, but dull. As a rule terminal faces are rare, but when

present the usual combination of forms is u (111), 0 (221), Seauly

c(001) and p(101). The greater development of p(101) over

¢ (001) is a characteristic feature of these crystals. A basal part-

ing due to twinning is often apparent, especially in sections, and

a prismatic cleavage is not rare, but likewise is often only to be

seen in sections.

Pl. II, Fig. 7, shows the prismatic form and PI. II, Fig. 6, the

terminated form of these pyroxenes.

The composition of this dark green augite is:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

(SiKO)S caboose caabenReceneee 52.01 .866 206

INGO ee asceacisseeetacue ss 6.86 .094 22

CAO Meeks cedeoe odin 26.90 -480 100

IMO Reick eed bokicstieas 11.26 .281 70

TSS Ones ae ea 67 .0042 1

TOS a eee 5.82 .0568 14

Alkalies.................. 50

99.92

Sp. Gr. 3.6.

The formula obtained from the analysis is Ca,),, Mg_o, Fego,

Fes, Algg, Sigog, gag, OF

22 (Ca Fe Si,0,).

Mg Fe, SiO,:

11 (Ca Al, SiO,).

3 (Mg Al, SiO,).

66 (Ca Mg Si,O,).

C :¢= 45° 15/

Beck (Ref. 2) mentions the occurrence, one mile northwest of

Edenville, of dark green or black crystals of pyroxene associated

with apatite, hornblende, titanite and calcite. A form is also

said to occur at Warwick Mountain, which has the forms a (100),

6(010), m (110), ¢ (001) and.e (011).

This same township, Warwick, has furnished the well-known

tabular crystals of Leucaugite which have attracted so much

162 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

attention among mineralogists. Beck (Ref. 2) gives their occur-

rence as 24 miles north of Edenville. The crystals are yellowish

gray and have roughened faces. They are broadly flattened par-

allel to ¢ (001) and show striations parallel to the base. In de-

scribing them Beck mistook the base for the orthopinacoid. The

usual form of the Leucaugite is a combination of a (100), 6(010),

m (110), ¢(001), w(111), s(111) and 0 (221) (Pl. XIV, Fig. 1).

G. V. Rath mentions a twin crystal (Ref. 39) of more prismatic

habit, formed according to the common law, and which has the

orthodome p (101) in addition to the above mentioned faces. The

striations parallel to c (001) were at first considered by him to be

due to irregularities of growth, but he subsequently correctly

ascribed them to twinning. He also notes the surface alteration

of these crystals to amphibole.

These tabular forms were also described by Des Cloiseaux

(Ref. 12) who figured one with a hemihedral development in the

direction of the vertical axis, there being at one end the forms

p (101), s (111), 0(221), e(011) and »(121) and at the other end

p(101), w (111) and a (312).

Prof. G. H. Williams has described a crystal from the Root

collection which was of the usual habit with the forms, ¢ (001),

w(11l), s(111), 0(221), m(110), 6(010), a(100), but below,

toward the front, there was only 0(221) and (101), showing it

to be hemihedral in the direction of the vertical axis. The lower

back quarter is just like the front but reversed so that the lower

half is a twin (Pl. XIV, Fig. 3).

The ordinary tabular form is to be seen in nearly every large

collection. The Leucaugite also occurs in white granular masses

in calcite as represented by several specimens in the collection of

Columbia University.

Other specimens in the same collection and from Warwick

township are a red-brown granular pyroxene from Amity, and a

greenish-gray cleavage specimen with numerous small scales of

graphite scattered through it.

Beck, (Ref, 2), notes a black pyroxene from Rocky Hill near

Warwick. Specimens probably from this locality are in the

Columbia University collection. They are small interlacing pris-

matic individuals about two-thirds of an inch long. A. few of

them show terminal faces probably unit pyramids, but they are

too rounded for determination.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 163

Much of the serpentine found at Amity may result from the

alternation of pyroxene. (Ref. 33).

Several analyses of pyroxenes from Hdenville have been pub-

lished, but little information is given concerning the material

from which they are made, or the exact locality. One of these is an

analysis of pyroxene from Edenville, by Brewer, as follows

(Ref. 4):

Percentage. ° Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiO Fe eaescutacs es 36.94 .615 19

1S{S 0 Renaaesecnenars 36.03 .109 14

CaO? niisisteaess 12.71 -227 17

Mm@iwe A ce easse. 2.24 .0312 1

RO Won accvs.s 11.22 109 4

99.14

This analysis gives

Ca,Fe,MnA1,Si,,0, which we may consider as a mixture of

4(CaFeSi,0, )

3(CaA1,SiO, )

A1,Si,05

leaving MnSi-;O,, or approximately Mn,Si,O,-+-3Si0,

LEUCAUGITE.

Amity, Orange Co. Leucaugite of light brown color occurs in

grains or rounded crystals, associated with calcite and seybertite,

and is identical with leucaugite from Bathurst, W. Canada,

(Ref. 31.) a

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SOM e a geet NU 50.05 834 238

CaO ee 25.63 458 131

INGO gee ea cee MERE 14.48 362 103

TEGO )s acer 56 .0035 1

PROM eS beat 2 7.16 .07 20

COM cok 1.66

99.54

Sp. Gr. 3.26

From this analysis we obtain the formula

Cay] MeygFe,Al {91030773 Which is made up of

Mg Fe, SiO,

20(Ca Al, SiO,)

Mgho2 Carn Siorg Oea

the latter being approximately Mg Ca Si,0,

The dolomitic limestones of Westchester, Dutchess and New

York Counties often contain crystals of white pyroxene in great

164 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

abundance. These are almost invariably of the same habit, with

a strong flattening parallel to the orthopinacoid. They occur as

single individuals in zones or sometimes as Mr. F. L. Nason in-

forms me, in rounded masses. The crystals are colorless to

milkwhite and translucent to opaque. They might, perhaps, be ~

classed with the diopsides judging from the appearance of some,

but the higher percentage of alumina classes them with augite,

and it seems to the writer that the variety name of Leucaugite

may be appropriately applied to them.

Sing Sing, Westchester Co.—The usual combination of forms

is a (100), (010), m (110), v (221), and 0 (221) (Pl. XV, Fig. 4)

less commonly c (001); p(101) is very rare and was noted on

one specimen in the collection of Columbia University. w(111)

is equally rare. In rare cases a (100) and 6(010) are wanting or

are very narrow, so that the crystal has a square appearance.

One specimen in the same collection shows v (221) but not 0 (221),

GETEEXSVS ie. 225)

A strong basal and orthopinacoidal parting, both due to twin-

ning are present, but the latter is rare. The crystals are fre-

quently superficially altered to tremolite, and nearly all are

stained exteriorly with limonite. The prison quarry has yielded

the best specimens in former years, but very few are found now.

There is a granite dike cutting the limestone a few hundred feet

south of the quarry, but there is no evidence to show that the

crystals are the result of contact action.

An analysis was made of some nearly transparent pieces of a

crystal from Sing Sing, with the following results :

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SIA ee ee AN 53.30 .8883 80

CO eee eonc ete cueces .80 -O111 1

CaO leteeasecsactenaccaeee 24.82 -4432 40

IMGO ia. cccscvatesrsisesoee 16.18 -4045 36

MEO Ge se Ue 4.11 .0401 4

i 2 (0 Je gencenbnosetoLsetteee 15

99.36

Sp. Gr. 3.18, Ries.

3.10, Beck.

The above calculated gives Ca,,Mg3,Fe,AlsSigyQo49 OF ap-

proximately,

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 165

Ca Fe Si,0,.

4 (Ca Al, SiO,).

30 (Ca MgSi,0O, ).

Mg SiO,.

C:f. 40°

a 1.6778

B 1.6848 Na.

y 1.7025

y—a_ .0247

2IWia= oo 507

2 Ve 59°

Kingsbridge, New York Co.—Most of the crystals from the

dolomite are considerably decomposed and replaced by granular

dolomite. They resemble the Sing Sing specimens exactly. There

is one exceptionally large one in the Columbia University collec-

tion. It is four inches long and two inches wide and has a

smaller one penetrating it.

Paterson, Dutchess Co.—The quarries northwest of the station

have furnished a considerable number of these tabular leucau-

gites. Mr. Nason has in his collection a fine group of small

glassy crystals from this locality. They show the usual combina-

tion, a (100), b (010), m (110), v (231), 0 (221) ¢ (001), and p (101).

According to Beck (Ref. 2) crystals twinned parallel to both a

and 6(010) have been found in Knapp’s quarry, at Paterson. The

erystals often have the granular structure of the dolomite, and

are sometimes broken into several pieces, the dolomite filling in

the breaks.

Phillipstown, Putnam Co.—According to Beck (Ref. 2) white

pyroxene has been found on the Hustis farm. It is translucent

and sometimes light green. Serpentine and pale green apatite

are occasionally associated with it.

HuDSONITE (HEDENBERGITE ? )

West Point, Orange Co.—A black lamellar variety of pyroxene

associated with quartz, black or bronze mica, and feldspar occurs

on the west bank of the Hudson river about three miles above

West Point. A specimen analyzed by Vanuxem, (Ref. 53) gave:

ANNALS N. Y. Acp. Scr., IX, June, 1896.—12

166 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiOsee oad 51.00 .850 25

CAO esesenweocsens 21.00 .379 11

Wa neat 11.50 .287 9

Re On eee 11.53 .072 2

ATS Os tedesiensesccs 3.50 .034 1

FUOIA eto 1.00

99.53

Sp. Gr. 3.5, Beck.

' 3.438-3.46, Brewer.

This analysis gives the formula Ca,,Mg,Fe,Al,Si,;0,; which

does not appear to be a simple mixture of isomorphous silicates,

but to consist of 9 (CaMgSi,O,)+2 Fe,0,+Al,S8i,0,, leaving

Ca,Si,0, or approximately 3(CaSiO,). From the above for-

mula deduced from Vanuxem’s analysis the hudsonite could not

be classed with hedenbergite, but the two analyses of Smith and

Brush given below, place it intermediate between hedenbergite

and augite.

The analysis of Smith and Brush (Ref. 417), is as follows :

Sirs te Meee 39.30 38.58

AOS, I he et as 9.78 11.05

BO Fai i eee 30.40 30.57

CAObe ction tanenageenn 10.39 10.32

IMC OR: Sahel n eres 2.98 3.02

NNO canoes .67 52

Lee O NV RUMOR npg Ns 2.48 4.16

Nag Oy. Ue Eee Kloet 1.66

ORME Ae rae 1.95 1.95

99.61 100.17

These analyses of Smith and Brush cannot be calculated out in

a satisfactory manner. They both, however, contain a consider-

able percentage of the hedenbergite molecule.

Smith and Brush claimed that their analyses showed that the

Hudsonite was a variety of augite. Kengott, on the other hand,

thought that according to the analyses Hudsonite belonged to

the amphiboles. Both Dana and DesCloiseaux placed it among

the augites on account of the cleavage. Kengott notes (Ref. 27)

that Hudsonite has a cleavage parallel to the prism of 124°, but is

near hedenbergite in composition. Dana, in commenting on this,

states that none of the specimens which he has seen show such a

prism angle.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 167

From Vanuxem’s analysis this mineral would be classed as an

augite, but the high percentage of ferrous iron in the analyses of

Smith and Brush tend to class it with hedenbergite. It does

not agree with the theoretical composition of hedenbergite in that

it contains too small a percentage of lime, and is, therefore,

as stated above, intermediate between augite and hedenbergite.

There is a small specimen of this mineral in the Columbia Uni-

versity collection and another fine specimen in the collection of

the New York State Museum at Albany.

SAHMLITE.

Willsborough, Essex Co.—A granular green pyroxene associ-

ated with granular garnet and wollastonite occurs in a vein at

this locality (Ref. 2, p. 289). The grains are nearly transparent

and the material has a semivitreous lustre. An analysis by

Seybert gave:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SHO wlMad Rhee. ces 50.33 .839 60

CORRES hactisbeseshaceses 20.40 .283 20

(CEKO) pdebseacedanneeeenedaren 19.33 .345 25

INO sc8 orc Scie cscs 6.83 .170 13

NIL Opie. tiia eat sateen 1.53 .914 af

TEL O square ae 66

IMGT O)tacsesancpeeacaEeereoas tr

99.08

Sp Gited,ta7 0.

The above analysis corresponds to the formula Mg, Fe.) Ca,;

Al, Sig,0,75, Which is intermediate in composition between

sahlite and hedenbergite, but nearer to the former.

An analysis of pyroxene from Edenville, analyzed by G. W.

Hawes (Ref. 19), was published, together with one of hornblende

from the same locality, as proofs that ‘“‘ when parallel growths of

two minerals occur, which under different conditions can be made

to crystallize from the same material, chemical composition deter-

mines the difference.”

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SiO» sédesscoseoaodsouedeu 51.05 .85 100.

ISPORT OT 2) aah 3.02) .019 2

MEOW ansacscees cesses 12.18 .169 20

CaO Barterwasecesctacs ss 22.07 .394 47

Hla ORee ere BAe o8 sch 10.02 .250 30

hie, O)y ssc Neen 1.36 .0U85 1

VET Oe acacntscsieciis sets .12 .016 2

15) O sere eaameemeneen 384

168 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

This pyroxene also approximates sahlite in composition giving

the formula

MgaoF €y9Cay;A),Sij990393-+ Fe,O3

DIOPSIDE.

DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—The crystals from this locality are

usually transparent and light green to colorless. They vary in

size from a half inch to an inch and a half long. No doubly

terminated ones have been seen. The faces of the prismatic zone

are mostly smooth and bright, but sometimes have longitudinal

striations. The terminal planes are invariably pitted, those on

u (111) and A (311) being more like deep interrupted strizs. A

tabular habit parallel to 6(010) is frequent. Several combina-

tions of forms occur, but the most general is a(100), 6(010),

m (110), ¢ (001), w(111),s (111), 0(221), A (311) and sometimes

p (101) (Pl. XIII, Fig. 9). Other combinations are a (100),b (010),

m (110), ¢(001), w(111) (Pl. XVI, Fig. 4); 6(010), m (110) and

u(11l1) (Pl. XVI, Fig. 8); and w(111), 0 (221), ¢ (001), a (100),

6(010) and m (110) (Pl. XVI, Fig. 3). The plane v is present ona

few crystals, but is always very narrow. The clinodome e(011)

was seen on two crystals, one in the private collection of Prof.

Egleston, and the other in the collection of Prof. A. H. Chester.

It is a small triangular face. A common habit of the DeKalb

diopsides is the unequal development of w(111), the left-hand

face being often large, while the right-hand one is so narrow as to

appear wanting.

No basal parting has been observed in the fresh crystals, but is

universally present in the altered ones, which are of a greenish

white color and opaque.

The DeKalb diopsides have been described by V. Rath (Ref. 38),

who noted the forms a (100), 6(010), m (110), ¢ (001), u (111) and

v (221). He states that they are often intergrown with horn-

blende and also mentions a twinning parallel to a@(100). The

pyramid v (221) was first recorded by him from this locality.

The two forms of diopside figured by Prof. Penfield in Dana’s

System of Mineralogy are the same as the first two mentioned

above by the writer.

This diopside is among the purest of pyroxenes found with the

State, as the following analysis shows.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 169

RO eerePRereesc ste iss tec caeaciecisdabsneoameeee osteo sid sen 54.86

HE © Ore Seay Senate site oc cho ais oa Becle ghia thlnc dmcititdaw en ceblecks 1.30

(CEKO) asda soace se SC OBGS ECA BA SERS COR ETE i eas aE eee rea 24.13

DVO Opec ost iciseiclelsniccinte a's eatiaea seen sexs soaaseeneraseeens 18.14

BEANIE Oates cectin ty ese ss cice as ean one MURS Siew swsincaeaeenesee 75

PANIC ANNO Staeeaatececiccs rose ueceaccneeswenetmoneececsen css 30

JEBITS noodadsocnansbbQsSasb0basesEebbNRoEABBdoBUaEA eos BEF HOe 10

99.89

Sp. Gr. 3.29.

This corresponds very closely with an analysis made by E. L.

Sperry and given in Dana’s System of Mineralogy, which is:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SIO ee kecs eescecs 55.12 .9186 235,

PAE O ere sssasccdacce ccs .40 -0039 il

CORE saasttsesneeces 1S .0155 4

CaO eernacsecures cece 25.14 .449 115

IVE OO Frcs eiieisls cist sein’ 18.15 4537 116

REO retyvsseiiner ss seeses -02

ING OF emncnecscceenes 45

MEAD scoocansesoce005000 17

100.47

=Cay; Mgii, Fe, Al, Sing; O75.

Sp, Gr. 3.286.

The above analysis gives us the formula Ca,,;Mg,,,Fe,

Al,Sig3;07 93 Which corresponds very closely to the diopside

formula, Ca Mg Si,O,.

The optical constants of this diopside were determined as fol-

lows:

C25 — 40°

Na.

a 1.6749

B 1.6852

y 1.7013

y—a 0264

2W 77° 42/

2V 59° 30/

oh 114° 40’

It will be seen that the indices of refraction are somewhat

higher than those given below.

K. Zimanyi (Ref. 60) obtained the following values for diopside

from DeKalb. The determinations were made on plates cut per-

pendicular to the first and second middle lines, and were 5.8 and

170 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

6.10 mm. in diameter respectively. The temperature at which

the measurements were made was 15.25°-25.75° C.

a 1.6674

B 1.6745

A 1.6961

UV = 60° 18”

2E= 114° 29/7

Direct measurement of the optic axes in Na light gave:

2E= 114° 3/ 22°C,

2H= 60° 467

2H= 1222 97

The indices of refraction as determined by Zimanyi are still

lower than those of Ala, which Des Cloiseaux (Man. Min. 1862, 1

p- 55), Dufet, Bull. Fr. Min. Soc., 1887, X, p. 290, Wulfing and

Schmidt, Zeitschr, fur. Krystu. Min. 1893, X XI.

Edenville, Orange Co.—Rammelsberg gives in his Mineral-

chemie (Ref. 37), an analysis of a large bluish crystal from Eden-

ville, which is as follows:

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

SIOjsecscresescacs ceemcesane 55.01 -917 13

BC O eee stwossseaseseeeceoes 4.95 .099 1

CAO eccscsescsecteecodsodee ero -407 6

I TO er aen obser rosabeccanaect 16.95 .424 6

EDO ek. Seneca ee .36

100.07

Sp. Gr. 3.94.

The above analysis calculated out gives Ca,Mg,FeSi,,0;,

which corresponds pretty closely to the formula Ca Mg Si,O,.

Edwards, St. Lawrence Co.—The only specimens which the

writer has seen from this locality are some crystals in the col-

lection of Prof. Egleston. They are of simple habit and the com-

bination of forms is @(100) and 6(010) broad, m(110) narrow

u(111) and ¢ (001). The faces have altered to tremolite.

Macomb St. Lawrence Co.—There is one group of small glassy

crystals in the Columbia University collection. The crystals are

tabular parallel to b(010) and have the faces a(100), 5 (010),

m (110) ¢(001)and w(111). The associated minerals are albite,

calcite and graphite.

Pierrepont, St. Lawrence Co.—Transparent crystals tabular

parallel to 6(010) are common. They occur mostly as small

groups of interlacing crystals. Basal and orthopinacoidal twin-

‘

«<a

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 171

ning and the accompanying parting are common. The general

combination of forms is a(100), 6(010), m(110) and c¢(001.)

Another form figured by Prof. Penfield in Dana’s System of Min-

eralogy, 1893 shows a (100), (010), ¢ (001), w (111), v (221) and

p(i0l.) Parallel growths of pyroxene with hornblende are fre-

quent. (Ref. 38) and G. V. Rath has described crystals from

Pierrepont, whose prism faces were covered with numerous small

individuals. (Ref. 38.) The extinction angle of the Pierrepont

diopsides is 37°.

Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co.—An unusual form from this locality,

and belonging probably with the diopsides, is a small group of

erystals in the collection of Cornell University. The crystals

aré 4-4 an inch long, with bright faces. They are of very simple

form showing only the planes m (110), w(111) and s (111), (Pl. I,

Fig. 8).

Port Henry,Hssex Co.—The occurrence of white pyroxene as an

unaltered core of the serpentine grains and masses in the ophical-

cites of the eastern Adirondacks has long been known, but so far

as the writer is aware the occurrence of white pyroxene crystals

free from serpentine is uncommon. During the summer of 1893,

Prof. Kemp found a great quantity of this interesting variety in

a limestone quarry north of Port Henry, where it occurs together

with yellow titanite, hairbrown amphibole and graphite. The

amphibole is idiomorphic with respect to the pyroxene and tit-

anite. Scales of graphite surround the pyroxene and penetrate

it, and shots of the same mineral often appear on the faces in the

prismatic zone, but none were noticed on the terminal faces,

neither were there any on the amphibole or titanite.

The diopside individuals though usually white are sometimes

pink. They are translucent, and vary in length from one-tenth

to half an inch, with smooth bright faces. A strong basal part-

ing is not uncommon, but is wanting in the perfectly fresh and

transparent individuals. An orthopinacoidal parting is occasion-

ally met with.

The general combinations of forms occur, viz., a (100), 6(010),

m (110), ¢ (001), w (111), s (111) and p (101). (PIII, Fig. 10),

and a (100), b(010), m (110), ¢ (001), e (011) and p (101). (Pl.

II, Fig. 9). The pyramids and clinodomes rarely occur on the

same crystal. One specimen in the private collection of Prof.

Kemp has the face 0 (221).

172 The Monoclinic Pyrowenes of New York State.

An analysis of the fresh material gave

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts.

sh Oicedcdactdshnonacanos 54.57 .9095 70

1 Ds, O Ree aee rete bac eee 1.80 .0250 2

(OF O Receerecemnanerncdnce 23.25 .4151 32

WE OY Cbocisosessnddasacoe 17.78 -4432 35

Acs Fen tarre 1.12 .0129 if

121 OE EN ne a Fi

NST eectenesc seca: .38

99.80

Sp. Gr. 3.27.

The above analysis corresponds to the formula Ca,,Mg,; Fe,-

AlSi,,0,,. which is practically that of diopside. The optical

constants are ; ,

CAG 41°

Na.

a 1.6683

B 1.6730

y 1.6902

y-a .0219

2 W = 73° 21’

2 V =56° 30’

The white pyroxenes of this region are of interest as being the

source of much of the serpentine in the ophicalcites of Port

Henry, Essex Co., and Bolton, Thurman and Warrensburg in

Warren Co.

This process of alternation has been studied and described in

detail by G. P. Merrill. (Ref. 34). The blotches of yellowish

and greenish serpentine, or serpentine and white pyroxene occur

in the ophicalcite near Port Henry from an inch to a foot or more

in diameter. In the quarry of the Ophite Marble Co., the serpen-

tine with white pyroxene nuclei is said to be very common, and

all stages of alternation can be traced. The following is an an-

alysis from Dr. Merrill’s paper of the fresh pyroxene and the

serpentine crust.

Pyroxene. Serpentine.

SiG hue cca eic eee 55.26 42.17

INTRO ay ot LUE Ea .22 .30

MetOp tc oc te oe 290% 1.57

REO eck oh hoes Keateeseu Oe .64

CaO ee ciieicsssndecssetes 24.48

MOON a ee ee ea 19.53 41.33

INTO eee oes teat tr

ET OM ooencscan guscecunsecs 13.72

100.28 99.73

—— ;

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 173

The pyroxene is therefore, as pointed out by Dr. Merrill, a very

pure lime magnesian variety, corresponding pretty nearly to the

formula of diopside Ca Mg Si,O,, and its conversion into serpen-

tine consists in the assumption of water and the giving up of its

lime, which crystallizes as calcite. A comparison of the preced-

ing analysis with that of the white pyroxene analyzed by the

writer, and given on a previous page, shows a close similarity in

composition. The latter corresponds still more closely, however,

with the white pyroxene which Dr. Merrill has described from

Montville, N. J. The composition of the latter is:

SLO SMES Warciincue Gaede bers aceiene tease sents 51.45 48.17

omiiitiendesceotcnscacess sasencenc ates caces 1.08 .12*

AOR eset acca acvennerecaneresirecacs 24.02 21.96

CaS Ogricecsccesdsceive iter etaacse so lsgauns 10.44

Ne OP teeicd ckicien cass suayacun caeeisesen 18.43 17.61

Mig © Oise acts eee ceciinla sieljeistesieaisasece agi

BALE Merten See ests nahn ciate som 2.94 02

NOS Ones Seca sucesclsvecescucenscesscsiets 1.06 18

COP sarese cone saisiesist ede cuacsenetsicedcs .96 24

IVT ONG see cata cetaciete ass duseswee uaceees tr

SO. Sevciaw cee nauioteusen se8 duiowe gone tr tr

REO Mees alse sehicie d adaneuiceetensarneabas und. und.

Nias Ojo ese ccaissiciewnissesioscasctescuetees und. und.

99.94 99.95

_In this connection there may be mentioned the serpentine

which was found in aqueduct shaft 2 (Ref. 33) in New York city.

It results from the hydration of a white monoclinic pyroxene,

showing under the microscope nearly rectangular prismatic

cleavages, and giving extinction angles as high as 44°. The

alteration is accompanied with the formation of abundant secon-

dary calcite.

Beck (Ref. 2, p. 289) has noted a light green pyroxene from a

locality half a mile north of Port Henry. It is said to be inti-

mately mixed with secondary calcite.

Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—In addition to the greenish-black

crystals from this locality which were mentioned under the head

of augite, there are found greenish-white crystals resembling the

forms from DeKalb and also green glassy ones of prismatic habit.

The greenish-white ones are nearly always strongly tabular

parallel to 6 (010), and were observed to have the following com-

* HO.

174 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

bination of forms: a (100),6(010), c (001) (Pl. I, Fig. 4); 6 (010),

m(110), ¢(001) (Pl. I, Fig. 3); a (100), 6(010), m(110), ¢ (001)

and w(111), similar to form from Gouverneur shown in Pl. IV,

Fig. 4.

Nearly all of the individuals show a strong basal parting, due

to twinning. Uralitization is probably better developed in these

crystals than those from any other locality in the State. All

stages of transition can be seen from the pyroxene crystal, whose

faces present a slightly fibrous appearance, to one whose —

whole mass has. been converted into fibrous amphibole. Some-

times the crystals are cracked apart and the separated portions

held together by amphibole fibres. Penetrations of one diopside

crystal into another are not uncommon. One crystal from this

locality in the Root collection at Hamilton College is 4x4x12

inches in size. Another in the Columbia University collection

had a small, perfectly formed crystal of mica similarly oriented

included in it.

_ The green glassy crystals are all of simple prismatic habit, and

show only the forms a(100), (019), m(110). They are termi-

nated by parting planes parallel to the base. The faces of the

prismatic zone sometimes show traces of uralitization, but de-

composition takes place usually along the parting planes, result-

ing in powdery alteration product, probably serpentine. Twinning

parallel to a(100) and c¢(001) is seen in nearly every specimen,

and a strong prismatic cleavage is frequent.

The following analysis shows the composition of this green

glassy diopside. .

Percentage. Ratio. Prop. parts

SiOusnemirn meters 54.94 .9156 50

Re OTeetencceaccseascusaees 1.29 .0179 1

(CANO Esch aos er euenodemecsace 25.38 .4156 23

WITESX Oe racer’ Beene poneee 17.60 .4400 24

ERT OS ae alae 2.42 .0236 1

Alkalies...........000c0s 28

99.91

= Mg, Ca; Fe, Al, Si,,0,;;

or Mg Al, SiO,

Fe Ca Si,0,

22 (Ca Mg Si,0,)

Sp. Gr. 300.

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 175

The optical constants of the Russel diopside were determined

to be,

C:f B37

a 1.6626

B 1.6718

vy 1.6940

y-a .0314

2W Uae a

2V 58°5 67

Parallel growths of amphibole and pyroxene are common at

this locality and the late Prof. G. H. Williams has called attention

to the fact that the lesser extinction angle always lies on the

same side of the vertical axis. Prof. Williams has also described

and figured a remarkable growth of dark green hornblende from

Russel, around a crystal of pale green pyroxene. Both crys-

tals have the clinopinacoids parallel, as is also the parting which

is present in both. The specimen is about three inches long and

is in the collection of Mr. C. Bement of Philadelphia.

GENESIS OF THE NEw YORK PYROXENES.

As previously stated, the pyroxenes occur under the following

conditions :

1. As primary constituents of the igneous rocks.

2. In contact zones between the igneous rocks and the lime-

stones.

3. Disseminated through the limestones in regions which have.

been subjected to dynamic metamorphism.

4. Associated with the bodies of magnetite ore.

The first case includes pyroxene occurring both in dikes and

intrusive masses, and the mode of formation is apparent, the

pyroxene representing one of the products of crystallization from

an igneous magna. It is among the earliest minerals to crystal-

lize out, and is preceded by magnetite, apatite, zircon and some-

times biotite.

When thus occurring as a constituent of the igneous rock it

belongs to the variety augite, which is essentially a mineral of

igneous rocks. The experiments of Berthier, and Fouque and

Levy (Synthese des Mineralogie des Roches, Paris, 1882) have

shown that augite can be easily produced artificially from a fused

176 The Monoclinic Pyroxrenes of New York State.

mixture, in microlites and large crystals, and associated with the

various minerals which accompany it in nature. Both tempera-

ture and chemical compositon exert an influence. Augite being

more stable at high temperatures will separate under such condi-

tions, whereas if the crystallization takes place at a lower tem-

perature hornblende is more likely to result. According to Vogt

(Zeitschr. fur. Kryst. u. Min.), if the relation of CaO to MgO be-

comes as 1-3 orthorhombic pyroxene separates instead of the

monoclinic form.

When an igneous rock intrudes itself into a limestone or dolo-

mite, a change usually takes place in the latter along and near

the line of contact. This change consists first in an increase in

the coarseness of the limestone and secondly in the abundant

development of minerals in the contact zones or disseminated

through the limestone near it. This production of contact min-

erals has been frequently noticed and described.

In contact metamorphism the intensity and extent of the

_ change depends on the temperature, mineralogical and structural

character of the eruptive rock, also on the duration of its action

and the area and conductivity of the rock affected.

The contact changes are brought about partly by the intrusion

of the igneous mass, and partly by the action of mineralizers.

The former can and have been produced artificially.

The minerals of the contact zones derive their material 1.

from the igneous rocks, 2. from the limestone, 3. from below,

being brought up by solutions stimulated by the intrusion of the

igneous rock. The greatest development of contact minerals

occurs in an impure limestone, or if the eruptive rock mingles

with the limerock. (J. Roth p. 175.)

We should thus expect to find minerals rich in lime and mag-

nesia, such as garnet, vesuvianite, pyroxéne, wollastonite, amphi-

bole, ahendredite. etc.

The presence of mineralizers is often anon by the occurrence

of fluorite, tourmaline and chondrodite, and indeed it has been

found that the presence of mineralizers is an essential factor in

aiding the formation of some of these minerals.

_ Diopsides and augites poor in alumina are especially abundant

in the limestone contact zone, and their frequent occurrence at

such localities lining the sides of fissures filled with quartz or eal-

cite, rather point to a possible formation sometimes by wet

The Monoclinic. Pyroxenes of New York State. 177

methods, under great pressure and high temperature no doubt, as

has been done artificially.

In some cases the effect of the igenous rock seems to be to

cause a molecular rearrangement in the limestone, resulting in the

formation of new minerals by segregation. Thermal metamor-

phism does not seem to involve any alteration in the bulk of the

rock affected. Whatever part water plays, it does not act as a

medium in the transfer of material, and it is also probable that

the transportation is confined within narrow limits (A. Harker—

The Migration of Material During the Metamorphism of Rock

Masses, Jour. Geol. I, p. 574).

The ophicalcites of the eastern Adirondacks furnish an excel-

lent example of the mode of formation of pyroxene by segrega-

tion resulting from the intrusion of the gabbros (Ref. 26). These

ophicalcites contain great masses of silicates, which have been

distorted by the violent dynamic metamorphism which the rock

has been subjected to. They also indicate the flowing of the

limestone under pressure. These limestones were originally mag-

nesian limestones containing great quantities of impurities, which

have segregated to form the pyroxenes and other silicates. These

silicates often form masses 23-30 feet thick.

In support of the theory that the pyroxene results from a

magnesian limestone, Prof. Kemp gives the following two an-

alyses made by the writer, the first that of pieces of the white

limestone at Port Henry, which were free from silicates and the

second analysis, that of the white pyroxene occurring in it.

Limestone. Pyroxene.

Chi O ic SRR ERS Re ERE EE 54.57

DUO ce euiee teeny Senet eke teeta 17D 1.32

IB Oy ccososasdsouacscoasanaderigudooaccnda

He Oras eeeciiesicceecniss sssscetenecesierinsaes 1.62

(CRYO) ceddioticuanodesocenssbonge soauncoaAuCDe 46.79 23.23

ICOM Een NCS Cea Ss con Ast 5.10 A778

T{0) cle Woah ehe ey Mace pele eer 70

BNO Re eee ee cauk vans cealien est 32

TEL Oeics oak ert eae 42.42

96.03 99.54

From the above analyses it will be seen that the bases and

silica have collected to form the pyroxene.

The common occurrence of white pyroxene in the metamor-

178 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

phosed magnesian limestones of West Chester, Dutchess and

Putnam Counties has been described and it was mentioned that

the pyroxenes occurred in bunches filling cavities or in streaks

associated with quartz. So far as the writer is aware, none of

the occurrences in these localities are associated with igneous ~

intrusions, and the probability, therefore, is that these pyroxenes

were produced by the regional metamorphism to which these

dolomites were subjected. Two methods of formation are,

therefore, possible: 1. Segregation from the surrounding rock ;

2. Deposition from solutions which brought the material from a

deep-seated source. The presence of associated quartz and the

occurrence of the crystals in veins or cavities would seem per-

haps to favor the second hypothesis and stili it is possible that

the pyroxene in these dolomites has been caused by a segrega-

tion of material from the surrounding limestone which contains

all the elements needed in the formation of these leucaugites.

The formation of pyroxene by regional metamorphism has been

_ described by Westgate from Warren Co., N. J. (Amer. Geol.,

1894). W.H. Hobbs has also described the formation of tremo-

lite and large pyroxene crystals along the Housatonic fault, in

Massachusetts (The Structure of the Housatonic Valley lying

east of Mt. Washington, Jour. Geol.), and Fairbanks mentions a

similar case of the formation of green pyroxene in California

(Geol. of the Coast Ranges of Cal., B. G. S. A., VI, p. 71).

In the last class of occurrences mentioned, viz., the formation

of pyroxene around ore bodies, there is still considerable doubt

as to the theory of the origin of most of the pyroxenes. They

may have been formed by segregation, but this is a point for fur-

ther investigation.

ae ae

‘

The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State. 179

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XIII.

1. Augite, Monroe Township, Orange Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), w (111),

§ (111), 0 (221), p (101).

2. Tilly Foster, Putnam Co.—a (100), b (010), m (110), Ff (310), o (221),

p (101).

3. Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—bd (010), m (110).

4. Diopside, Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), b (010), ¢ (001).

5. Monroe Township, Orange Co.—a (100), b (010), m (110), w (111),

$ G11), 0 (221), 2 (021).

6. Augite, St. Lawrence Co.—im (110), b (010), w (111), A (331).

7. Augite, Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), b (010), m (110), ¢ (001),

wu (111), s (111), 0 (221).

8. Diopside, Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co.—m (110), w (111), s(111).

9. Diopside , DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), ¢ (001),

w (111), v (221), o (221), A (331), p (101).

PLATE XIV.

1. Leucaugite, Edenville, Orange Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m(110), ¢ (001),

uw (111), s(111.)

2. Augite, Rossie, St. Lawrence Co.—Shows hemihedral distribution of

planes.

3. Leucaugite, Edenville, Orange Co.--shows hemihedral distribution of

planes, and twinned lower half of crystal.

4, Augite,Gouverneur, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100),6 (010), m (110), w (111),

s (111).

5. Augite, Highlands of Hudson, Orange Co.—a (100), 6(010), m (110),

e (001), e(101.)

6. Augite, Warwick, Orange Co.—a (110), 6 (010), m (110), e(001), w(111),

s(111), 0 (211) p(101.)

7. Augite Warwick, Orange Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), ¢ (001. )

8. Augite, Cheever Mine, Pt. Henry, Essex Co.—a (100), b (010), m (110),

¢ (001), w (111), s (111.)

9. Diopside, Pt. Henry, Essex Co.—a (100), 6(010), m(110), c(001),

e(011), p(101.)

10. Diopside Pt. Henry, Essex Co.—a (100), 6(010), m(110), c(001),

u (111), s(111), p(101.)

11. Black augite, Hammondville, Essex Co.—a(100), 0(010), m(110),

ce (001), s(111.) ue

12. Tilly Foster, N. Y.—a (100), b(010), m(110), ¢ (001), s(111.)

180 The Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York State.

PLATE XV.

1. Augite, Monroe Township, Orange Co.—Twinned parallel to a. Shows

a (100), 6(010), m(110), e (011).

2. Leucaugite, Sing Sing, Westchester Co.—a(100), b (010), m (110), o (221).

3. Augite, Monroe Township, Orange Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), ¢ (001),

e (011).

4. Leucaugite, Sing Sing, Westchester Co.—a(100), b(010), m(110),

v (221), 0 (221), ¢ (001).

5. Augite, St. Lawrence Co.—m (110), b (010), w (111), o (221), 4 (311).

6. Leucaugite, Paterson, Dutchess Co.—a (100), 0(010), m(110), v (221),

0 (221), p (101), ¢ (001).

7. Augite, Russel, St. Lawrence Co.—a(100), 6 (010), m(110), p (101),

um (411).

8. Augite, Diana, Lewis Co.—Twinned parallel to a(100). Shows a (100),

b (010), m(110), p (101), o (221), 2 (311).

9. Augite, Natural Bridge, Lewis Co.—a (100), 0 (010), m (110), w (111),

s (111), 0 (221).

PLATE XVI.

1. Diana, Lewis Co.—a (100), b (010), m(110), e (001), w (111), e (011).

2. Augite, Keene, Essex Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110), s( 111), 0 (221).

3. Diopside, DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m (110) ), ¢ (001),

uw (111), o ( 221).

4. Diopside, DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), b (010), m(110), ¢ (001),

w (111).

5. Augite, Rossie, St. Lawrence Co.—a (100), (010), m(110), w (111),

v (221).

6. Augite, Diana, Lewis Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m(110), w(111), s( 111),

o ( 221), 2 (021).

7. Augite, Adams Lake.—a(100), 0(010), m(110), w(111), s(111),

o( 212), p( 101).

8. Diopside, DeKalb, St. Lawrence Co.—b (010), m (110), w (111).

9. Augite, Tilly Foster, Putnam Co.—a (100), 6 (010), m(110), w (111),

s (111), 0 ( 221), p( 101).

VOL. IX, PLATE I.

BRANNERIA. PSHUDOTREMIA. SCOTERPES. ZYGONOPUS.

(fig. 1.) (figs, 2-11.) (figs. 12-13.) (figs. 14-16.)

. IX, PLATE II.

ZYGONOPUS. TRICHOPETALUM.

(figs. 17-21.) (figs. 22-29.)

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. 1D: Sous by De EE

TRICHOPETALUM.

"ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX, PLATE V.

CONOTYLA.

VOL. IX, PLATE VI.

O O

Sisies

118

CONOTYLA. CLEIDOGONA.

(figs. 95-104.) (figs. 105-118.)

AND ALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX, PLATE VII

CLEIDOGONA.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES, VOL. IX, PLATE VIII. 7

CLEIDOGONA.

VOL. 1X, PLATE EX.

(figs, 159-171.) (figs. 172-176.)

CLEIDOGON A. BACTROPUS.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. NO INC) P DeAvInE) ONG

| Hoo

UNDERWOODIA.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX, PLATE XI.

eae E7743)

oe 1904

- CASEYA.

VOL, LX, PLAT EH) XT

SCIENCES.

_ ANNALS N. Y. ACAD.

CASEYA.

PLATE XIII.

»)

VOL. IX.

SCIENCES.

NNALS N. Y. ACAD.

NNALS N, Y. ACAD. SCIENCES. VOL. IX., PLATE XIV.

ake

VOL. IX., PLATE XV.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES.

VOL. IX., PLATE XVI.

CIENCES.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD.

IV.—WNotes on some Actinians from the Bahama Islands, col-

lected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop.

BY J. PLAYFAIR M’MURRICH, PH. D.

Read April 11, 1896.

The Actinians which form the subject of this paper were col-

lected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop, of Columbia College, during

a visit to the Bahama Islands some years ago. It had been Dr.

Northrop’s intention to work over the collection himself. Before

his lamented death he had studied several species more or less

thoroughly. The drawings and preparations which he had made

were entrusted to me, together with the collection, by Mrs. North-

rop, and have proved of great assistance in determining the

affinities of certain forms. Especially was this true in regard to

Heteractis lucida, whose systematic position Dr. Northrop had

‘correctly determined, and the notes on Diplactis bermudensis and

Isaurus Duchassaingi were also very full.

I have taken pains to verify all the important facts contained

in the notes, and it has seemed more convenient for the present

purpose to describe in my own words the various forms to be

considered, rather than to attempt a rearrangement of Dr. North-

rop’s notes with such additions as might seem necessary.

The following is a list of the species in the collection.

HEXACTINIZA.

Suborder Actinine.

Family SAGARTID®.

1. Aiptasia tagetes (D & M.) Andr.

2. Heteractis lucida D. & M.

Family ANTHEADA.

3. Condylactis passiflora D. & M.

Family DENDROMELID 2.

4, Lebrunea neglecta D. & M.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sol., IX, July, 1896.—13

182 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

Family PHYLLACTIDZ.

5. Diplactis bermudensis McM.

Suborder Stichodactyline.

Family DISCOSOMID A.

6. Discosoma anemone (Ellis) Duch.

Family RHODACTIDZ.

7. Rhodactis Sancti-Thome (Duch. & Mich.) MeM.

8. Ricordea florida Duch. & Mich.

Family PHYMANTHID&.

9. Phymanthus crucifer (Lesueur) Andr.

ZOANTHES:.

10. Zoanthus sociatus (Ellis) Lesueur.

11. Zoanthus nympheus (Lesueur. )

12. Isaurus Duchassaingi ( Andres. )

13. Palythoa flava (Lesueur) Duch. & Mich.

14. Gemmaria isolata, McM.

Certain of these forms I have already described (’89), and conse-

quently shall not consider in detail here; a few others require but

brief notice, while three others require a more thorough descrip-

tion. I shall consider the forms belonging to the last two groups

in the order in which they are named in the above list.

Family SAGARTID A.

Heteractis lucida Duch. & Mich.

Synonyms: Capnea lucida, Duchassaing & Michelotti. 1860 (Pl. VI., Figs. 9

and 12.

Heteractis lucida, Duchassaing & Michelotti. 1866.

Ragactis lucida, Andres. 1883.

Several specimens of this form were contained in the collection

which offered accordingly opportunities for an accurate determin-

ation of its systematic affinities.

In the contracted condition the animal is generally somewhat

flattened, measuring in height 1.5—-2.0 em., and in diameter about

2 cm. The base being usually a little smaller than the upper

part of the column. Dr. Northrop’s notes contain no statement

as to the coloration of the living animal, but according to

Duchassaing & Michelotti the mouth is white, surrounded by a

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 183

band of brilliant yellow, and the tentacles have the appearance

of white glass.

The mesogloea of the column walls is rather thin and in much

contracted forms may appear as if provided on its endodermal side

with numerous distinct processes, which give to the column wall

a ridged or chequered appearance. Toward the upper part of the

column are numerous cinclides, not readily distinguishable in all

preserved specimens and apparantly without any very definite ar-

rangements, though they are confined entirely to the upper part

of the column, none being found below the middle.

There is a distinct collar and fosse in the preserved specimens

just above the cinclidal region of the column, and at that portion

of the wall which forms the floor of the fosse the endodermal

muscle processes are considerably higher than elsewhere in the

column wall, and form what may be termed a diffuse endodermal ©

sphincter. The true sphincter lies however higher up, just below

the point where the tentacles arise, and is a weak structure im-

bedded in the mesogloea, which is hardly appreciably thickened

for its reception. It consists of a few rather scattered cavities,

arranged practically in a single row and containing the remains

of muscle cells; it is not strong enough to produce complete en-

closure of the tentacles.

On account of the position of the sphincter the collar cannot

be regarded as the margin. Indeed there is no distinct margin,

the upper part of the column wall passing directly over into the

bases of the tentacles, so that, in the usual formula it is necessary

to say that the margin is tentaculate. The tentacles are rather

numerous, apparently somewhere in the neighborhood of 192,

though an acurate count is difficult in the preserved specimens on

account of the manner in which the cycles are crowded together

towards the margin. They vary somewhat in length in the

various specimens I have examined, owing to diffierence of

contraction, but the average may be put at 1 em. The most in-

teresting feature of the tentacles is however the occurrence upon.

them of a large number of spherical protuberances scattered over

their surface without any apparent regularity, though more.

abundant upon the oral than on the aboral surfaces. In section

(Pl. fig 1.) these are seen to be hollow outpushings of the wall of

the tentacles. The wall of the tentacle proper has a moderately

thick mesoglea, the ectodermal and endodermal muscle pro-

184 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

cesses being rather low, the ectoderm possessing but few

nematocysts, and the endoderm being thin with only a few

Zooxanthelle. The wall of the protrusion differs not a little from

this; thus the mesogloea is much thinner, the muscle processes

are aborted, the ectoderm is richly provided with nematocysts,

so that the protrusions might be termed batteries of nematocysts,

and the endoderm is thick and abundantly packed with Zooxan-

thellae.

The tentacles leave exposed a considerable portion of the disc,

perhaps about half its breadth, and this portion is smooth and

slightly concave. Its mesoglea is rather thin and the muscle

processes are but moderate in length. No muscle cells are

enclosed within the mesoglea. The mouth is not elevated above

the disc and is almost circular in the preserved specimens, the

gonidial angles being but slightly marked.

In the single specimen in which I counted the mesenteries there

were forty-eight pairs, a number which agrees with that found

by Dr. Northrop in another specimen. Of these forty-eight pairs

but six are perfect, forming the first cycle; the six pairs of the

second cycle nearly equal the first cycle in size, but are imper-

fect; the twelve of the third cycle are considerably smaller,

though still quite muscular; while the twenty-four pairs of the

fourth cycle, though extending some distance in from the body

wall, yet have their musculature but feebly developed. Two pairs

of directives are present and are attached to a greater extent of

the stomatodzum than are the other mesenteries of the first

cycle. The longitudinal muscles are well developed and have in

section the form represented in fig. 2. The parieto-basilar muscles.

are but feebly represented and do not require special description.

Numerous acontia occur, a fact that was discovered by Dr. Nor-

throp. None of the specimens examined possessed reproductive

organs, so that nothing can be said regarding the distribution of

these organs.

There seems to be no room for doubt but that this form is

identical with that described by Duchassaing and Michelotti in

their first paper (’60) as Capnea lucida though later (’66) assigned

to the genus Heteractis, a genus established by Milne-Edwards for

the reception of the Actinia aurora of Quoy and Gaimard.

Andres (’83) has referred it to the genus Ragactis, which he

established for a species, &. pulchra, discovered by him in the

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 185

Mediterranean. The distinction between Ragactis and Heteractis

concerns practically the tentacles only, the evaginations upon

these structures being in the former genus small and appearing as

tubercles, while in the latter they involve the entire circumference

of the tentacle, which thus becomes moniliform. How far this

distinction is valid can only be determined by further examina-

tion of the anatomy of the various species assigned to the two

genera, and for the present it seems to me more convenient to

retain for the species under discussion the name proposed by its

Sponsors.

An interesting fact which has developed from the examination

of H. lucida is that it is unquestionably a Sagartid. The occur-

rence of acontia (to which my attention was first called by Dr.

Northrop) and of cinclides, the existence of only six perfect

mesenteries and the mesogleeal sphincter point indubitably to

this relationship, and it will be interesting to know whether

Ragactis pulchra and the other species assigned to the genus

Heteractis are likewise Sagartids. Andres has grouped together

in the family Heteractide several genera, e. g., in addition to the

two already mentioned, Eloactis, Rhopalactis and Stauractis. Of

these, as I have already suggested (’93), the genus Eloactis, as

judged by the species #. Mazeli, is probably with greater pro-

priety referable to the family Halcampidez, and I have now

shown that one at least of the members of the genus Ragactis

must also be transferred to another family. Families based upon

mere external characters have no firm foundation, tentacles may

vary enormously in shape, warts or tubercles may be absent or

present within the limits of the same family, and cases like the

present show, if proof be still wanting, that the criteria for a

proper classification of the Actiniaria are to be obtained only by

the careful study of the internal anatomy of the various forms.

We must add then, provisionally, to the genera included in the

family Sagartide, the genus Heteractis, since one of the forms

assigned to it has proved to be a typical Sagartid. Whether,

however, the type species of the genus, H. aurora, will also prove

to be a Sagartid, or whether it will be necessary to remove H.

lucida from the genus Heteractis, remains to be determined. And

furthermore the affinities of Ragactis pulchra must also be ac-

curately studied before the proper generic term for H. lucida can

be finally determined.

186 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

Family DENDROMELID &.

In my earlier paper (’89) on West Indian Actiniaria I proposed

anew sub-tribe Dendromeline for the reception of the peculiar form

Lebrunea neglecta discovered by Duchassaing and Michelotti

(760) and proposed to place in it also the genus Ophiodiscus de-

‘scribed by R. Hertwig (’82). Since that time I have come to the

conclusion that I gave the group too high a mark and have sug-

gested (’93) its reduction to a family of the sub-tribe Actinine.

With the two forms already mentioned it seems that a third

should be associated, namely, the Hoplophoria coralligens de-

scribed by H. V. Wilson (’90), which, as I have already pointed

out elsewhere (’93), seems to be identical with the Viatrix globu-

lifera described by Duchassaing and Michelotti (60).

Lebrunea neglecta Duch. & Mich. (1860).

A single specimen of this form was in the collection and being

unwilling to injure it, I have nothing to add to the description

of the structure given in my earlier paper. It may be stated,

however, that the number of pseudotentacles is in this individual

six, just as they were in the other specimens examined ; one, how-

ever, is considerably smaller than the others.

Family PHY LLACTID &.

Diplactis bermudensis McMurrich. (1889).

This species I described (’89a) originally from alcoholic speci-

mens from the Bermudas and was pleased to find it represented

in the present collection by several specimens, together with a

drawing (here reproduced in pl. xvii, fig. 3) and a description of

the living animal. I have nothing to add to my original account

of the anatomical characteristics of the species, but am able to

complete it by abstracting from Dr. Northrop’s notes a descrip-

tion of the coloration and form of the living animal.

The column is chocolate brown in color,and when the animal is

expanded has a greater diameter at the base and at the upper part

than in the middle of its length, the upper part forming a slight

parapet projecting above the level of the disc. The tentacles are

brownish red in color and the dise rufous, that is to say, some-

what paler than the tentacles. The papille which represent the

fronds Dr. Northrop apparently overlooked, inasmuch as they

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 187

would be completely hidden by the expanded tentacles, and even

in preserved specimens they are only to be found by careful ex-

amination. What their appearance and form may be in the liv-

ing condition cannot therefore be stated here.

The occurrence of this species in the Bahamas as well as in the

Bermudas suggests the possibility of its identity with one of the

forms described by Duchassaing and Michelotti, and in studying

their descriptions two species are found to be worthy of remark

in this connection. The first of these is the Actinia aster men

tioned by Ellis (’86) and described by him as having ‘a thick,

fleshy, smooth and almost cylindrical stem, ending abruptly at

the top, which is provided with circular rows of tentacles.” This

description contains nothing that is particularly distinctive, but

nevertheless Duchassaing and Michelotti (’66) have identified with

it a form which they describe as about an inch in height and with

the tentacles ringed with white and brown, while the body and

disc are “colorés en rougeatre et en bleu trés-clair.” Taking

this latter description as a guide for the identification of A. aster

it will be seen that while making the necessary allowances for the

uncertainties which are associated with color descriptions, there

is a certain vague approximation of the coloration to that of

Diplactis bermudensis; nevertheless the discrepancies are too

great to allow of an identification of the two forms. Dr. North-

rop’s notes contains no statements as to variations in color of D.

bermudensis, and until it is found that these exist and that they

approximate the coloration described for A. aster, it seems better

to consider the two forms distinct.

Another form also presents possibilities in this connection,

viz., the Anemonia depressa of Duchassaing and Michelotti (’60),

a form with a large disc yellowish in color, with tentacles shorter

than the diameter of the disc, and tinted with shades of blue and

reddish (“leurs nuances sont le bleu et le rougeatre”’). A figure

is given of the disc and tentacles of this form and might answer

for those of D. bermudensis, and if the mention of “le bleu”

were omitted, the color descriptions would correspond fairly

well. Of the two possibilities I think the identity of D. bermu-

densis with A. depressa is the more probable one, but even here

the uncertainty is too great to justify the identification without

further evidence, and for the present it seems wiser to allow the

name used here to stand.

188 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

Family RHODACTIDA.

Ricordea florida, Duch & Mich. 1860.

Synonym :—Heteranthus floridus (D. & M.) MeMurrich. 1889.

In my paper on the Bahama Actiniaria I described this form

as a species of Klunzinger’s genus Heteranthus, disregarding

the name bestowed upon it by Duchassaing and Michelotti on the

ground that the characters assigned to the genus by those authors

were specific rather than generic, and therefore insufficient, while

Klunzinger’s definition of his genus was quite adequate. Al-

though this criticism still seems to me to be just, yet nevertheless

according to the strict laws of priority Duchassaing and Miche-

lottis’ name is the one which should be employed, and I take this

opportunity of correcting my error in the matter.

Attention may also be called to the probability of the genus

Homactis established by Verrill (69) being identical with Klunzin-

ger’s Heteranthus, so that it too has a claim prior to Heteranthus,

their latter genus not having been established until 1877. Ri-

cordea is, however, prior to both, and therefore should supplant

them.

Family ZOANTHID 4.

Zoanthus nymphzeus (Les.).

Synonyms :—Mammillifera nymphza, Lesueur, 1817.

Palythoa nymphosa, Dana, 1849.

Polythoa (Mammothoa) nymphosa, Andres, 1883.

In 1817 Lesueur established the genus Mammillifera for the

reception of two Zoanthids (which he named JM. auricula and I.

nymphea), and characterized the genus as containing those forms

which possess ‘a large cuticular expansion, serving as the base

of numerous animals, which, when contracted, assume the form of

mamme.” Andres (’83) unites this genus with Palythoa, making

it a subgenus for which he proposes the name Mammothoa, but

this is evidently an error, since he characterized the genus Paly-

thoa as having sandy incrustations in the column walls, while

Lesueur distinctly gives it to be understood that his species of

Mammillifera have fleshy walls. Erdmann in ’85 revived Les-

ueur’s genus, though, as Haddon and Shackleton (’91) have

pointed out, it is questionable if the form he referred to the genus

can be associated with Lesueur’s type species, and it is interest-

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 189

ing accordingly to have an account of the structure of one of —

Lesueur’s species, in order that the true position of his genus may

be determined. pI ais ox

Among the slides which Dr. Northrop had prepared, I find a

number of a Zoanthid which he had provisionally designated No.

3, and also a number of drawings of the same form, one of which

was the figure of the group of individuals taken from preserved

‘specimens (fig. 4). Unfortunately, in the material forwarded me

there were no examples of this No. 3, but there were specimens of

a form which the accompanying label stated to have been col-

lected by Dr. E. A. Andrews at Green Turtle Bay, Bahama Is-

lands. This form resembled in general appearance the drawing

of No. 3, and preparations which I made of it demonstrated with

certainty its identity with Dr. Northrop’s No. 3.

As regards its identity with Lesueur’s M. nymphea, there must

necessarily be a certain amount of uncertainty. It agrees with

the figure of M. auricula given in Lesueur’s paper and it answers

the generic description; unfortunately, I find no memoranda of

its coloration and base the identification with nymphea, rather

than with auricula, on the number of tentacles, which is about

fifty, and which Lesueur states to be about fifty in the former

species and from twenty-six to thirty in the latter.

The individual polyps composing a colony are seated close

together upon a ccenenchymatous expansion, and reach in pre-

served specimens a height of about 2.0-3.5 mm., the measurement

being taken from the point of attachment to the coenenchyme.

The diameter of the column is about 3 or 4 mm. at the top,

slightly less lower down, and the capitulum shows clearly a num-

ber of radiating ridges.

The column wall is smooth and without imbedded particles of

foreign matter. In structure it resembles closely what has been

described for Zoanthus sociatus, the same large lacunar spaces oc-

curing in the mesoglea, while the ectoderm is enclosed within the

outermost portion of the mesoglea, being covered by a meso-

glea, subeuticula and by a cuticle, much more distinct in some

Specimens than in others. The sphincter muscles, which, for

diagnostic purposes, seem to be of great importance in the

Zoanthez, is double, the two parts being well marked off from one

another. The arrangement is shown in fig. 5, and from this it

will be seen that the upper portion of the sphincter is small, while

190 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

the lower is of some length and in its upper part is composed of a

few large cavities which occupy the entire thickness of the meso-

glea, lower down the cavities becoming smaller, but being for the

most part more or less circular. The figure will however give a

better idea of its arrangement than many lines of description, and

from it it will be seen that in the number and arrangement of the

muscle cavities the sphincter differs from that of any other form

which has hitherto been described, particularly from that of the

form described by Hertwig (’88),as Z. Danx, the sphincter of

which has been described by Erdmann (’85), and which might

possibly be considered identical with the form under considera-

tion.

The tentacles are completely infolded in the majority of the in-

dividuals of the colonies I have examined, being visible, however,

in a few cases. They are short, as is usual in Zoanthids, and are

arranged in two cycles, their number being in the neighborhood

of fifty, fifty-six in one specimen in which they could be counted.

Nothing worthy of note was observed in connection with the disc,

but in connection with the stomatodzum it may be stated that its

siphonoglyph was deep, about one-third of the total surface of

the stomatodzum being occupied by its smooth walls.

The mesenteries are arranged in the microtype (brachycnemic,

Haddon), and there are about 28 to 32 pairs. Each has a single

lacunar space near its point of attachment to the column wall, and

its mesoglea is thinner than is nsual. Three of the individuals

were sexually mature and it is interesting to note that both ova

and spermatozoa were present in the same individual, this species

like that observed by Erdmann (’85) being hermaphrodite.

Isaurus Duchassaingi (Andres).

Synonyms: Zoanthus tuberculatus. Duchassaing & Michelotti. 1860.

Antinedia tuberculata. Duchassaing & Michelotti. 1864.

Antinedia Duchassaingi. Andres. 1883.

This species was originally described by Duchassaing, in a

paper (750) to which I have not access at present as Zoanthus

tuberculatus, the generic name being supplanted in a subsequent

paper (64) by Antinedia. In my paper on the Actiniaria of the

Bermudas (89a) I considered this latter genus to be identical with

the genus Mammillifera as defined by Erdmann (’85); since then

Haddon, in a paper written in conjunction with Miss Shackleton,

feet

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 191

(91) has shown that there is little probability that the species

assigned to the genus Mammillifera by Erdmann present the

characters of the forms upon which that genus was founded by

Lesueur (717), and employs the generic term used by Gray (28)

for a tuberculate Zoanthid. I agree with Haddon’s conclusions

as to this matter and have therefore followed his example in using

the name Isaurus.

The form described by Gray was from an unknown locality and

was given the specific name tuberculatus. I found among the

Bermudan forms which I studied a species which seemed to agree

closely with Gray’s descriptions and I identified it with his

species. At the same time I also identified the species described

by Duchassaing aud Michelotti with this same form, an identifica-

tion I now find to have been erroneous. The tuberculate Zoan-

thid in the Northrop collection is undoubtedly identical with the

form described by Duchassaing and Michelotti, but it presents

unmistakable differences from the Bermuda species, and must be

regarded as distinct from it. The specific name given by Duchas-

saing and Michelotti being preoccupied by Gray’s species, a new

name must be bestowed, and the term proposed by Andres (’83)

Seems most appropriate. Duchassaing and Michelotti’s species

may therefore be known as Jsaurus Duchassaingt.

The appearance of the living animal in its contracted condition

is shown in fig. 6, and I take the following description of it from

Dr. Northrop’s notes. The animals are found growing in groups

of five or six, for the most part disconnected, though one speci-

men had connected with it a smaller individual, evidently pro-

duced by budding, and it may be presumed that each group owes

its existence to this process, the various individuals separating

from one another after a time. Duchassaing and Michelotti

figure two individuals united by a stolon-like cenenchyme, but in

the preserved individuals I examined, separation had taken place.

In color the polyps were yellowish, closely resembling their sur-

roundings, the disc and tentacles being of the same color as the

column. The base is firmly adherent and the column is “ nearly

cylindrical, but generally contracted near the base and often at

intervals above, giving the animal a rather grotesque appearance.

When slightly contracted the column bears a number of tubercles,

which, though irregularly distributed, are more numerous near

the top. In preserved and contracted specimens these tubercles

192 Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands,

are quite conspicuous.” Ican add to this statement as to the

distribution of the tubercles the fact that the tubercles are more ~

numerous and more perfectly developed upon one side of the

column than on the other, the arrangement described by Haddon

and Miss Shackleton (’91) for J. asymmetricus being thus recalled.

The column wall is very much thinner than that of J. tubercu-

latus and in addition does not show any of the large canals filled

with cells, so abundant in the Bermudan form. Numerous

canaliculi and scattered cells, the latter frequently placed in the

canaliculi, occur, the mesoglea being otherwise structureless.

The ectoderm of the column presents the arrangement which is

usual in Zoanthids, being covered by a layer of mesoglea, the

subcuticula, from which trabecule extend inwards to unite

with the general mesogleea, cavities being thus formed which en-

close packets of ectoderm cells (fig. 7). Externally to the sub-

cuticula is a delicate cuticula to which foreign particles adhere,

and the ectoderm cells contain numerous Zooxanthelle. This

arrangement is identical with what I have described for I. tuber-

culatus (’89a), and agrees in its essential particulars with the ac-

counts of the majority of the authors who have given the matter

their attention. Quite recently von Heider (’95), in his account

of Zoanthus chierchiz, has come to the conclusion that the

trabecule which separate the various packets of ectoderm are cells

and that the subcuticula is formed by the fusion of their outer ends.

Such an interpretation of the appearances is certainly not ap-

plicable to either of the species of Isaurus I have examined; the

trabecule are so thick that their continuity with the mesoglea is

beyond question, and, furthermore, the structure of the sub-

cuticula shows it to be identical with the matrix of the mesoglea.

Nor do the appearances presented by such a form as Zoanthus

sociatus warrant the belief that the trabecule are otherwise con-

stituted than in Isaurus, and so far as my observations are con-

cerned they tend to show that the conclusions of von Heider are

erroneous. 7

The tubercles are thickenings of the mesoglcea, but each con-

tains also a cavity lined with cells continuous with the endoderm.

Dr. Northrop’s notes contain the following description of the

tubercles: “In places the mesogloea contains on its inner side

deep cavities which are lined by the endodermis.. The muscular

layer of the mesogloea, however, does not enter the cavity, but

Collected by the late Dr. J. I. Northrop. 193

forms a ring around its base (7. e., its mouth), so that when con-

traction takes place the base of the cavity is drawn up like a purse

and the body wall bulges out and forms a tubercle.”

The upper portion of the column, which, in completely con-

tracted individuals, forms the apex, is destitute of tubercles and

is furnished with numerous longitudinal ridges. The sphincter

muscle is strong and has the form represented in fig. 8, being

simple, though showing a tendency to be divided into two parts,

an evident constriction (cv) occurring upon it. This is not an in-

dividual peculiarity, as I have found it in three individuals ex-

amined, and it is interesting as forming an intermediate condition

between the simple sphincter of I. tuberculatus and the double

one of the genus Zoanthus.

The tentacles are arranged in two rows and their number seems

to be double that of the pairs of mesenteries.

The mesenteries are arranged on the microtype, and vary in

number in the different individuals from eighteen to twenty-three

pairs. They are much more slender than those of I. tuberculatus,

and though thickened towards their insertion with the column

wall, yet this thickening is slight when compared with that of

tuberculatus. Two or three slightly elongated (in section) canals

are found in the thickened portion of the perfect mesenteries, the

imperfect ones containing but onecanal. No reproductive organs

occurred in any of the specimens examined.

The stomatodzeum presents a well developed siphonoglyphe and

its surface is thrown into numerous marked ridges which corre-

spond in a general way, but not accurately, with the intervals be-

tween successive pairs of perfect mesenteries.

LIST OF REFERENCES.

1886. ELLIs, J.—The Natural History of many curious and uncommon Zod-

phytes collected from various parts of the Globe systematically ar-

ranged and described by Daniel Solander. London. 1786.

1817. LESUEUR, C. A.—Observations on several species of the genus Actinia ;

illustrated by figures.—Jowrn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Vol. I.

1817.

1828. GRAY, J. E.—Spicilegia Zodlogica. London. 1828.

1850. DUCHASSAING, P.—Animaux radiaires des Antilles. Paris. 1850.

1860. DUCHASSAING, P. ET MICHELOTTI, G.—Memoire sur les Coralliaires des

Antilles—Mem. de lV Acad. Sci. Turin. Ser. II. Tome XIX. 1860.

194

1864.

1882.

1883.

1885.

1888.

1889.

1889a.

1890.

1891.

1893.

1895.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Notes on Some Actinians from the Bahama Islands.

DUCHASSAING, P. ET MICHELOTTI, G.—Supplément an Memoiresur les

Coralliaires des Antilles—Mem de l’Acad. Sci. Turin. Ser. II. Tome

XXII. 1864.

HERTWIG, R.-—Report on the Actiniaria—Scient. Results of the Voyage of

H. M. 8. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zodlogy. Vol. VI,

Part XV. 1882.

ANDRES, A.—Le Attinie—Atti dei Lincei. Ser. 8. Vol. XIV. 1883.

ERDMANN, A.—Ueber einige neue Zoantheen. Ein Beitrag zur ana-

tomischen und systematischen Kenntniss der Actinien. Jenaische Zeit-

schr. Naturwiss. Bd. XIX. 1885.

HERTWIG, R.—Report on the Actiniaria. Supplement—Scient. Results of

the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during years 1873-76. Zoology, Vol.

XXVI, Part LXXXIIT. 1888.

MceMurazicu, J. P.—The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands, W. I.—Jour-

nal of Morphology. Vol. III. 1889.

McMurkricu, J. P.—A contribution to the Actinology of the Bermudas.

—Proe. of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 1889.

WiLson, H. V.—On anew Actinia, Hoplophoria coralligens.—Studies

from the Biolog. Labor. Johns Hopkins Univ., Vol. IV. 1890.

HAppon, A. C., AND SHACKLETON, ALICE M.—Reports on the Zodlog-

ical collections made in Torres Straits, by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888—

1889. Actiniz. I. Zoanthe. Scient. Trans. Royal Dublin Soc. Ser. II,

Vol. IV. 1891.

McMtrricu, J. P.—Report on the Actiniz collected by the U. 8S. Fish

Commission Steamer Albatross, during the winter of 18S7-1888. Proc.

U. S. Nat. Museum. Vol. XVI. 1893.

Von HEIDER, A.—Zoanthus Chierchie, nu. sp. — Zeitschr fir wiss.

Zoologie. Bd. LIX. 1895.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

. Transverse section through tentacle of Heteractis lucida. th=tubercle.

Zeiss C 2.

. Transverse section through a pair of mesenteries of the first cycle of

Heteractis lucida. Zeiss A 2.

Fig. 3. Diplactis bermudensis, natural size. Drawn by Mrs. Northrop.

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

. Zoanthus nympheus, x 3. Drawn by Mrs. Northrop.

. Longitudinal section through the upper part of the column wall of

Zoanthus nympheus, Showing the sphincter. sp/—=upper and sp—lower

part of the double sphincter. Zeiss a 2.

Fig. 6. Isawrus Duchassaingi, natural size. Drawn by Mrs. Northrop.

Fig. 7. Portion of a transverse section through the column wall of Isawrus

Fig. 8

Duchassaingi. cu=cuticula; seu=subcuticula; ee=ectoderm; mg—meso-

gloea.

. Longitudinal section of the upper part of the column wall of Jsawrus

Duchassaingi, showing the sphincter. er=constriction almost dividing

the sphincter.

otyse F7

V@E IX, (PEATE XVi1.

N be HE ] Wy

= UU,

SS we

ANNALS N,

VOL. 1X, PLATE XVII.

= S ee

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES:

V.—On the Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic

Plates.

BY HAROLD JACOBY.

Read April 6th, 1896.

1. It has been evident for some time that the great mass of

photographic plates which have been accumulating in the hands

of astronomers can not be subjected to measurement without

considerable delay. Indeed, this delay will probably be as great

as a quarter of a century in the case of some of the plates which

will ultimately be measured with precision. In other cases, no

doubt, the measurement will never be made. It is clear that very

great interest attaches to the question of how long the plates can

be kept without impairing the degree of precision attainable in

their measurement. In the case of the Rutherfurd plates this

question is especially important, because the major portion of

the whole collection of plates is stillunmeasured. If these plates

admit of accurate measurement they furnish us with a source of

information of the greatest value, since they are now about

a quarter of a century old, and will therefore supply a unique

contribution toward the study of inter-stellar motion.

It is fortunately possible to decide this question in a very sim-

ple manner, as far as the Rutherfurd plates are concerned. It is

merely necessary to remeasure some of the plates which were

very carefully measured under Mr. Rutherfurd’s direction soon

after they were made. <A simple comparison of the new measures

with the old ought then to bring to light any possible changes in

the plates. It is true that such a comparison will not furnish

definitive information as to the permanence of the modern gela-

tine dry-plates, such as are now everywhere in use for astronom-

ical photography. For the Rutherfurd photographs were made

by the old wet-plate process, using albumenized plates. Yet it

is not improbable that the modern dry-plates will equal in dura-

bility the ones used by Rutherfurd, so that the very favorable re-

sult obtained in the present paper is most encouraging to the

hope that the measurement of the plates now being made will be

possible at epochs quite remote from the present time.

196 Permanerce of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

The cluster of stars most convenient for the present. research ~

is, of course, the group of the Pleiades. This group was fre-

quently photographed by Rutherfurd, and ten of his best plates

were carefully measured under his direction by Miss Ida C. Mar-

tin. Each of these plates has two impressions. The results of

all these measures by Miss Martin have been published.* It has

seemed very appropriate that the first work to be undertaken

with the Repsold photographic measuring machine presented to

the Observatory of Columbia University by Mr. Rutherfurd

Stuyvesant should be the remeasurement of these old Pleiades -

piates, for the purpose of deciding the question of their perma-

nence. This question once settled, the measurement of the other

clusters photographed by Rutherfurd can be commenced. Many

of these clusters have never been micrometrically determined.

The only ones that have been measured with the heliometer, so

far as we know, are the Pleiades and the Praesepe.+ The latter

cluster has been very carefully measured with the heliometer of

the Gottingen Observatory, and Dr. Schur has only very re-

cently published his most exhaustive discussion of these observa-

tions. He has not failed to point out the great desirability of

publishing the results of Rutherfurd’s later work on this cluster.

But he has not emphasized the fact that his own heliometer ob-

servations are of the greatest importance in the reduction of all

the Rutherfurd work. Since the appearance of the Gottingen

triangulation of the Praesepe it has become possible to get a very

complete check upon the scale-value and other constants of reduc-

tion of the Rutherfurd plates. These constants have heretofore de-

pended altogether on Dr. Elkin’s work on the Pleiades. It is to

be hoped that, after the Praesepe plates have been measured, a

comparison with the Géttingen triangulation will throw much

light upon several points which have not as yet been made quite

clear. The measurement of the Praesepe plates will therefore be

the next work undertaken in connection with the Rutherfurd pho-

tographs.

2. The Repsold machine for the measurement of astronomical

photographs belonging to the observatory of Columbia Univer-

sity is almost exactly similar to the one constructed by the same

* Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VI, p. 239.

+ While the present paper was being printed, the Observatory of Yale Uni-

versity published a heliometric triangulation of the cluster in Coma Berenices,

by Dr. Chase. This cluster is also among those photographed by Rutherfurd.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 197

>makers for Prof. Bakhuyzen, and which has been fully described

by him (Bulletin du Comité Permanent, Tome I.,p. 169). A very

brief description of the instrument may perhaps not be out of

place here. It consists essentially of an arrangement for com-

paring distances on the plate with a carefully graduated metal

scale. To accomplish this a micrometer microscope is mounted

on trunnions in such a way that by revolving the microscope

through a very small angle it is possible to direct it towards either

the plate or the scale. In this way it is possible to make successive

bisections of the star and scale with the same microscope. Thus

the position of the star with respect to the scale is measured

micrometrically. The trunnions are parallel to the scale. The

plate itself is mounted on a very firm casting which slides upon

ways that are at right angles to the scale. The microscope

with its trunnions slides upon another pair of ways that are

parallel to the scale. Thus it is possible to center any star on

the plate under the microscope by moving the microscope along

its slide parallel to the scale, and the plate on its casting along

the ways at right angles to the scale. The star having been

centered in this way, a comparison with the scale gives us one

coordinate of the star on the plate. It is evident from this

that the codrdinate as measured will be influenced by anv diver-

gence from exact straightness that may exist in the ways

carrying the plate and its holder. For this reason, the greatest

care has been taken to make these ways straight. The guiding

way is a cylinder, because a cylinder can be constructed more

nearly exact than any other geometrical form. The other way is

merely a plane, and acts only as a support, not at all as a guide.

In order to measure the second coordinate, it is necessary to turn

the plate through a right angle, and then to proceed as before. To

accomplish this a graduated circle is provided, read by two mi-

crometer microscopes to single seconds. _

The microscope used throughout the present series of observa-

tions for bisecting the plate and scale is provided with two dis-

tinct sets of wires, moved by separate screws at right angles to

each other. Both sets of wires are in focus at the same time,

though, of course, the two sets are not exactly in the focal plane

of the microscope. The object of having two sets of wires is to

measure plates that have had a réseau, or network of straight

lines, photographed on them. For such plates, this double

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sci., IX, October, 1896.—14.

198 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

microscope allows both coérdinates to be measured in one posi

tion of the microscope by referring the star to the nearest straight

lines. In the present research, only the horizontal screw of the

microscope has been used. For the Rutherfurd plates have not

the photographed réseau, and therefore the measures were made

by the method described above in which the two coordinates are

separately obtained by means of a direct comparison with the

scale.

The errors of the measuring machine which can have an in-

fluence upon the measured coordinates, and which were therefore

investigated with considerable care, are as follows:

1. Errors of the micrometer screw.

2. Division errors of the scale.

3. Deviations from perfect straightness of the guiding cylinder

of the machine.

4. So-called errors of prejection. These errors are caused by

the fact that the trunnions about which the microscope revolves

do not maintain a perfectly constant direction when the micro-

scope with its trunnions is moved to different positions on its

slider. This is caused by a lack of perfect straightness in the

slider. The consequence of any slight change in the direction

of the line joining the trunnions is of course to produce a slight

error when the microscope is revolved about the trunnions in the

comparison of the star with the scale. The existence of small

errors from this source was pointed out by Donner (Acta

Soc. Fenn. XXI. No.8). Prof. Donner gave a method for the in-

vestigation of these errors. I have, however, preferred to neglect

them altogether in the present research for the following reasons.

Their investigation is a somewhat laborious operation requiring

a great deal of time. Moreover, it is almost impossible to obtain

a determination of them which will have quite sufficient weight.

For this reason, the Messrs. Repsold have devoted considerable

attention to devising a form of machine which will not be subject

to these errors at all. They have come upon a plan which prom-

ises complete success, and this plan will be carried out in the new

machine which they are now constructing for the observatory of

Columbia University. It follows that if the errors in question

had been elaborately investigated for the purpose of the present

research, the results would not have been useful any further, be-

cause the next series of measures. undertaken will be made with

Ret ee ae

ge AS | -

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 199

the improved machine. But in the case of the present research

the omission of these errors is of minor importance, for it is not

our object to obtain the coérdinates of the stars with the very

last degree of precision possible. It is only intended to get a

comparison of the old and new measures, and it is evident that

the omission of these tiny corrections will tend to diminish the

agreement of the two sets of measures, if indeed it has any ap-

preciable effect at all. Consequently the favorable conclusion

which we shall obtain further on as to the durability of the

Rutherfurd plates will not be impaired in the slightest by the

circumstance that we have omitted these errors of projection.

We shall now consider the above different errors of the measur-

ing machine, beginning with the errors of the micrometer screw.

The periodic errors of the screw were not determined, because it

has always been possible to eliminate them almost completely by

repeating all measures with the position of the screw changed by

half a revolution. The non-periodic, or progressive errors were

determined by a modification of the method used by Gill for the

determination of the errors of the scales of the Cape heliometer.

I am not aware that this method has been used elsewhere for the

investigation of micrometer screws, and as it gives a determina-

tion of the progressive errors with very high precision but com-

paratively little labor, a brief description of it will not be out of

place here. The full description of the method in all its details

is now in course of publication in the American Journal of Science.

It can be applied directly to the screws of micrometer micro-

scopes, such as are used for reading scales or circles.

The observations consist in a series of readings of the divisions

of the scale, taken with the micrometer microscope. In the pre-

sent case, the scale is divided into millimetres, and as two revolu-

tions of the screw correspond to one millimetre on the scale, it

has only been possible to determine the error of the screw for

each second complete revolution. A special scale a few milli-

metres in length, and divided into quarter millimetres, has been

made by the Messrs. Repsold. With this scale the non-periodic

errors will now be determined for a larger number of points on the

screws. .

The microscope is provided with an apparatus for counting the

whole revolutions of the screw, and the range is from

R R

5.0 to 15.0.

200 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Consequently the progressive errors have been determined for the

points :

R R R R R R

5.0, 7.0, 9.0, II.0, 13.0, 15.0.

The errors determined for each point are independent of any as-

sumed law for the variation of the progressive errors of the

screw. The portion of the scale used for the present purpose is.

numbered from 73 to 78 inclusive, the numbering on the scale de-

creasing with increasing readings of the micrometer screw. The

observations were made in a series of operations in each of which

the screw was read on all the divisions of the scale, between 73 and

78, possible in the position occupied by the microscope during

that operation. And the position of the microscope was changed

between the operations in such a way that the observations in

the successive operations were obtained in accordance with the

following scheme. This scheme shows the results of two separate

series of observations made by Mrs. Herman 8. Davis.

OPERATION 1.

First SERIES. SEcoND SERIES.

Scale. Screw. Diff. Scale. Screw. Diff.

“3 13.0014 fl “3 13.0100 ‘

77 15.0018 2.0004 77 15.0109 2.0009;

OPERATION 2.

First SERIES. Seconp SERIES.

Scale. Screw. Diff. Scale. Screw. Diff.

78 j I 1.0020 ‘ 78 I 1.0156 e

77 13.0040 2.0020 77 13.0220 2.0064.

76 15.0058 2.0018 76 15.0200 1.9980:

OPERATION 3.

First SERIES. SEconD SERIES.

Scale. Screw. Diff. Scale. Screw. Diff.

78 9.0025 78 9.0045

77 II.0070 2.CO045 77 11.0080 2.0035

76 I3.0100 2.0030 76 13.0115 2.0035

75 I5.01I9 2.0019 75 15.0150 2.0035,

”

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

First SERIEs.

Scale. Screw.

78 7.0076

efi 9.0115

76 II.0170

75 13.0235

74. 15.0226

First SERIEs.

Scale. Screw.

78 5.0115

oti 7.0160

76 9.0205

75 IT.0285

74 13.0320

73, 15.0322

First SERIEs.

Scale. Screw.

77 5.0026

76 7-0095

79 9.0140

74 II.O1g90

WES 13.0239

First SERIES.

Scale. Screw.

76 : 5.0005

75 7-0070

74 9.0085

73 II.O152

First SERIES.

Seale. Screw.

75 5.0020

74. 7.0020

73 9.0101

OPERATION 4,

OPERATION 5.

OPERATION 6.

OPERATION 7.

Diff.

2.0065

2.0015

2.0067

OPERATION 8.

SECOND SERIES.

Scale. Screw. Diff.

78) ensswt

77 9.0125 2.0037

76 II.O175 2.0050

75 13.0230 2.0055

74. 15.0225 1.9995

SECOND SERIES.

Seale. Serew. Diff.

78 5.0131

77 7.0170 2.0039

76 9.0210 2.0040

75 T1.0275 2.0065

74 13.0315 2.0040

7B 15.0320 2.0005

SECOND SERIES.

Scale. Screw. Diff.

Th) exer

76 7.0155 2.0040

75 9.0235 2.0080

74 II.0280 2.0045

73, 13.0314 2.0034

SECOND SERIES.

Scale. Screw. Diff.

mm, R R

76 5.0161

75 7.0215 2.0054.

74. 9.0250 2.0035

73 11.0308 2.0058

SECOND SERIES.

Seale. Screw. Diff.

mn, R z

75 5.0024

74 7.0020 1.9996

73 9.0092 2.0072

201

202 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

OPERATION 9.

First SERIES. SECOND SERIES.

Seale. Screw. Diff. Seale. Serew. Diff.

74 ~—«5,0040 74 5.0035

73 7.0102 2.0062 a 7.0090 2.0055

The micrometer readings in the column headed “ Screw” are

the means of two separate settings in every case except the first

and last in each column. The latter are the means of eight set-

tings. It can be shown that the precision of the whole result is

very greatly increased by giving an increased weight to the first

and last readings in this way. The numbers in the column

“Diff.” are found by substraction of the successive numbers in

the preceding column. They are, therefore, the distances on

the screw corresponding to the various millimetre spaces on the

scale. It will be found that every millimetre space on the scale

has been compared with the following spaces on the screw:

577) 7-9, 9-11, II-I3, 13-15.

The results are collected in the following table, which gives the

numbers from the column “ Diff.” above minus 2*. These quanti-

ties are expressed in units of the fourth decimal place.

First SERIES. SECOND SERIES.

Screw Revolutions. Screw Revolutions.

Seale. 5-7 7-9 Q-II II-I3 13-15 Seale. 5-7 7-9 9Q-II TI-13 13-15

787i =i) 4560) seas 20 79-77, 1-39) 4-37 pS

HRMS 8) =A 55. apg seus 77-78 =-49; 4 A© 4 5OR eos

76-75 +65 +45 +80 65 +19 76-75 +54 +80 --65 Ge SR aS

75-74 OEE 50 35 9 si Ab Seg Spals AO sy

74-73 62 181 -F67 649 = 2° 74-731 55 a7? Sipe ee

Means. +48 +45 +59 +40 7 Means. -537: 7553 (a0 0 apes

It is evident that the quantities in the above table are the

amounts by which the several millimetre spaces of the scale ex-

ceed two revolutions of the screw at various parts of its length.

Consequently, the means at the foot of the columns are the cor-

responding excesses of the mean millimetre space. In other

words, if we take the mean millimetre space as our standard of

length, these means are the amounts by which the various dis-

tances of two revolutions of the screw are in error. A summation

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 203

of these quantities will therefore give us the errors of the screw

at the various points observed. The method of computation will

be plain from the following table. We have:

First SERIES. SECOND SERIES.

R Error. Sum. R Error. Sum.

eave | 4S Hap 40 Bi) Mee aad ie ASF

inte, ap = (93 lies) +53 + 90

g-It 59 eho g-II =a +141

II-13 +40 +192 II-I3 +46 +187

ILS = 7 +199 UG SUS) a +192

The numbers in the column “ Sum” are evidently the errors of

the screw at the successive points:

WP 5 O* 5 Ts Taye ’ Tb

We may therefore proceed as follows:

Fiest SERIES. SECOND SERIES.

Read. of Errorof Prog. Final Read. of Error of Prog. Final

screw. screw. corr. error screw. Screw. Corr. error.

5 oO fo) fe) 5 oO O fo)

7 ao = 40l CEne 7 gti tae On ae

9 meg OSeal a= COR, (iir13 9 “OO SUT ay Vial BS

II +152 —I20 +32 II +I4l —1I5 +26

13 mote 12-100." 51-33 13 ar Sih libs) | See

15 TeLOO pass tO9l S10 15 192 —I192 fo)

The quantities in the column headed ‘“ Error of Screw” are

the summed errors from the preceding table.

headed ‘“ Progressive Correction,

varies uniformly as we proceed along the screw.

The next column,

contains a correction which

It is intended

to make the errors,of the screw zero at the ends, and amounts to

no more than changing our standard of length. Up to this point

we used as our standard of length the mean millimetre of the scale.

The application of the progressive correction makes the total

length of the screw the standard, and the quantities in the last

column, headed “ Final Error,” will therefore serve to reduce

readings taken with this screw to what they would have been if

the screw had no progressive errors. The signs will have to be

changed in order to get the corrections that must be added to

observed readings of the screw. Wethus get the following final

table of corrections that must be added to observed readings of

the screw, in order to reduce them to what they would have been

if the screw were free from non-periodic errors.

204 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Finat TABLE OF NON-PERIODIC SCREW-CORRECTIONS.

Read. of Serew. First Series. Second Series. Final Mean.

R R R R

5 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

7 — .0008 ++ .o0o1 — .0004

9 — .col3 — 0013 — .0013

II = og = 0026 — .0029

13 — .0033 -— .0034 — .0034

15 .0000 .0000 .0000

It can be shown mathematically that the corrections determined

for the various points by the above method possess very nearly

equal weight. That the method gives results of extremely high

precision, is evident from the agreement of the two entirely inde-

pendent series. In examining these, it should be remembered

that unity in the fourth decimal place corresponds to one twen-

tieth of a micron on the scale, or 0.00005 millimetre.

In the actual reduction of the observations, it was found con-

venient to combine the above errors of the screw with the ordi-

nary correction for runs. The latter was always carefully deter-

mined by reading the divisions numbered 60 and 65 on the scale.

The distance between these two divisions corresponds very nearly

to ten revolutions of the screw, and as no more than two revolu-

tions were ever used in the measurements, the error of runs may

be regarded as determined with quite sufficient precision. As we

shall see further on, the divisions numbered 60 and 65 on the

scale have equal errors of division. The error of runs determined

from them did not therefore require correction for errors of divi-

sion of the scale itself. Runs were always observed at the be-

ginning and end of a day’s work, which lasted about three hours.

As no appreciable variations of the run were. ever obtained, the

mean for the day was used for all the observations of that day.

The run varied considerably from day to day, however.

The combined correction for run and errors of the screw was

obtained in the following way. Bearing in mind that the read-

ings of the screw increase as the numbering on the scale decreases,

let us put:

&=Reading on 60 minus Reading on 65 minus 10.0000,

k==The non-periodic screw-correction already determined,

=Any reading of the screw, whether taken on the star or scale.

Then the complete correction for runs and screw-error, which

must be added to the reading S is:

Drees

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 205

one

—8 to 4&4

Inasmuch as this correction is added to the readings on both

the scale and star, and as the coordinate of the star is obtained

by subtracting one of these readings from the other, it is allow-

able to add any quantity not a function of S to the above expres-

sion. By so doing we can make the expression always positive.

Finally, then, the total correction to be added to all readings of

the screw has been taken as:

ante rer + k +- 1.2 R + 0.0035.

The object of using the quantity :

= 1.2 It +- 0.0035,

instead of a simple numerical constant, was to obtain the desired

result without making any of the corrections unduly large. A

set of tables were computed and the above corrections were taken

from them without interpolation. In computing these tables, the

screw corrections already determined were interpolated between

the limits 9* and 12°. The screw was not used outside these

limits in the present research.

An example of one of these tables, computed for R= + 0.0195

is given here.

R R R

9 ne) II

.O -+-o.0080 -+0.0053 -++0.0026

ait .0078 .0050 .0022

52 .0076 .0047 .0020

3 .0072 .0044 .OO17

4 .0070 .0042 .OO15

5 .0067 .0039 .0013

6 .0063 .0036 .OOIO

57/ .OO6I .0034 .0008

8 .0059 .003 1 .0006

9 .0056 .0028 .0003

3. We take up next the consideration of the division errors of

the scale. These were determined for the Observatory by the

Kaiserliche Normal Aichungs Kommission at Berlin. The method

employed for determining the errors of the centimetre lines

was that which I have described as Gill’s method in the

American Journal of Science for May, 1896. This method

*hAwrue ae

206 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

is, however, credited to Leman and Thiessen in the report

of the Aichungs Kommission. The millimetre lines were de-

termined by comparison with a standard centimetre whose sub-

divisions had been previously carefully examined. The details

of the present scale investigation, as well as those of an indepen-

dent investigation which has been undertaken at Columbia Uni-

versity, are reserved for a separate publication. The present de-

termination was made in such a way that the mean millimetre of

the scale is taken as the standard millimetre. Consequently, the

division errors for the two end lines of the scale are zero. The

following table contains the division errors, the positive sign in-

dicating that the interval between the zero line and the line in

question is greater than the numberof millimetres indicated by

the number attached to the line. Consequently, in measuring with

this scale, we must add to distances obtained directly the correc-

tion given in the following table, in order to obtain what we would

have got if all the spaces of the scale were equal to the mean mil-

limetre space.

TABLE OF DIVISION ERRORS OF THE SCALE.

Line | Corr. | Line} Corr. | Line| Corr. | Line} Corr. | Line} Corr.

oO .000 | 27 | --.004 || 53 | —+-.002 79 | +-.004 | 105 | +.002

I | —.oor] 28 | +.002] 54 | +.004 80 | +.004 } 106 | +.002

2 | —.oo1 | 29 | +.002] 55 | +.003 81 | +.004 | 107 | +.002

3 | —.oor | 30 | +.003] 56 | +.004] 82 | +.004 | 108 | +.002

4 .000 | 31 | +.003} 57 | +.005 83 | +.004 | Iog | +.002

5 .000 | 32 | +.003] 58 | +.005 84 | +.003 | Il0 | +-.cor

6 .000 | 33 | +.002] 59 | +.005 85 | -+.003 | III .000

7 .000 | 34 | -+-.002} 60 | +.004 86 | +.001 | II2 | .000

8 | —.ool | 35 | +.003} 61 | +.004 87 | +.004 | 113 .000

9 | —-.00L | 36+) +-.003 || "62. -—-.004 |°388 | -—.e02)) Tra Sea

Io | +.001 | 3 +.003 | 63 | +.006] 89 | +.003 | II5 | —+-.00r

Ir | +.002] 38 | +.002| 64 | +.005 go | +.003 | 116 | +.001

I2 | +.001} 39 | +.003 | 65 | +.004 ol | +.004 | 117 | +.003

13 | +.001 | 4o | +.002]| 66 .006 | 92 | +.002 |) T18)|)—-.008

14 .000 | 41 | +.001 | 67 | +.004] 93 | +.002 | 119 | +.003

15 +.001 | 42 | +.001}] 68 | +.003 94 .002 | 120 | +.002

16 | +.001] 43 | +.002] 69 | +.005 95 | +-.002 | I2I | +-.002

17 .000 | 44 | +.002] 7o | +.005 96 | +.002 | 122 | +.002

18 .000 | 45 | +.002} 71 | +.005 97 | -+-.002 | 123 | +.002

I9 | +.001 |] 46 | +.002] 72 | +.004 98 | -++-.002 | 124 | --.003

20 | -+.001] 47 | +.002] 74 | +.004] 99 | +.002 | 125 | +-.002

2r | +.001} 48 | +.002] 74 | +.004 | Ioo | +.002 | 126 | +.003

22 | +.o01| 49 | +.003| 75 | +.003 | Ior | +.0or | 127 | +.002

23 .000 | 50 | +.003] 76 | +.005 | 102 | +.o001 | 128 | +.001

24 | -+-.00E | 52 | +-.003 | 77 | --.005 || 102.) =-/00r |) 129) -.003

25 | +.001] 52 | +.003 | 78 | +.004 | I04 | +.001 | 130 .000

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 207

4. We shall now consider the errors caused by a deviation from

perfect straightness in the guiding cylinder of the machine. It

was not at first intended to take these errors into account in the

present research, for the reason that it was certain a priorz that

they would be extremely small. Moreover, there was some delay

in securing the apparatus needed for the investigation of this

matter. The computations were therefore carried out without the

application of any corrections for lack of straightness of the

cylinder. The cylinder was, however, very carefully investigated

afterwards, and it was found that no appreciable errors could be

observed. The method employed for the investigation of the

cylinder was that used by Gill in the investigation of the Cape

of Good Hope measuring machine. It consists in comparing the

cylinder with a stretched spider thread. For this purpose a

stretched spider thread was carefully mounted on an iron plate,

which could be inserted in the machine in the same way that the

ordinary photographic negatives are putin. The spider thread

being then made very nearly parallel to the cylinder by means of

the position circle, it was merely necessary to move the plate

along the guiding cylinder, and bisect the spider thread at various

positions with the micrometer microscope. We thus measure

directly the departure of the cylinder from a straight line, pro-

vided we assume that the spider thread itself is exactly straight.

But as the thread was stretched with considerable tension, it is

not possible that it should deviate at all from a sensibly straight

line. Its own weight would of course make it hang in a catenary

curve, but it is the projection of this curve upon a horizontal

plane that we bisect. And this projection would of course be

perfectly straight. As a further precaution, all the measures

were repeated with the thread-plate turned through an angle of

180°. In this way any error of the cylinder will be determined

separately by two entirely different parts of the thread. If there

be real errors of the cylinder, they should come out sensibly the

same from the two positions of the thread-plate.

In order that it may be possible to fix the points of the cylinder

for which the errors are determined, there is an auxiliary scale

attached to the machine. This scale is parallel to the cylinder,

and is attached to the casting that carries the plate. A rough

auxiliary microscope serves to read this scale to the nearest tenth

ofa millimetre. The numbering on this scale runs from 200 to

208 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

330, and in the present series of observations the thread was bi-

sected at intervals of five millimetres throughout its length. The

following table contains the readings on the thread obtained by

two independent observers, Mrs. Herman 8. Davis and Mrs.

Annie Maclear Jacoby. Each number is the mean of at least six

observations, made in three independent series. In each such

series the observations were always repeated in the reverse order,

so as to eliminate the effects of any possible continuous changes

of temperature.

TABLE OF SPIDER THREAD OBSERVATIONS.

OBSERVER DAVIS. OBSERVER JACOBY.

Spider Line. Spider Line.

Scale. Dir’t. Rev’d. Dir’t. Rey’d.

325 9.4987 9.4977 9.5000 9.5000

320 .4985 .4970 .5007 .4988

315 -4993 -4977 -4997 .4998

310 5000 -4970 .4998 -4990

305 -4999 -4967 -4997 .4978

300 -4996 .4968 -5017 .4990

295 -4997 .4968 - 5002 -4997

290 .4987 -4950 . 5000 -4985

285 -5004 -4965 -4983 -4997

280 .4980 -4953 .4988 -4985

275 -4993 -4965 -4993 -4985

270 -4996 -4947 -4980 -4983

265 -4995 -4953 .4987 .4982

260 -4997 -4955 .4982 -4987

255 -4987 -4952 -4977 -4978

250 -4991 -4955 .4982 -4985

245 .4987 -4947 -4987 .4985

240 -4985 -4957 .4968 -4988

235 -4966 -4943 -4972 -4983

230 -4971 -4932 -4958 4977

225 -4967 4937 .4962 -4980

220 .4962 .4928 -4957 .4988

215 -4972 -4937 -4958 -4962

210 -4962 ~ .4930 -4940 -4970

205 -4964. -4933 .4932 -4968

If there be appreciable errors of the cylinder, they should ap-

pear from the variation of the numbers in the above table. But

first these numbers must be corrected for a possible lack of paral-

lelism of the spider thread and the cylinder. It is also evidently

allowable to add a constant to all the numbers. The following

method of reduction has been used. Let:

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 209

NV be one of the observed numbers in the table.

S be the corresponding reading of the scale.

x,y be two constants to be determined.

From each observed number in the table an equation of the fol-

lowing form was written down:

bn Sige 295) Bo aie Ni =O

From a solution of these equations by least squares the values

of «and y were determined. A separate solution was made for

each column of observed numbers in the preceding table. If we

then let: ;

NN’ be the corrected value of the error of the cylinder, we can

compute WN’ by the equation:

N’ = N+ 3 (S—265) @ + y.

It is evident that this method of reduction amounts to nothing

more than the application to the observed numbers of a correc-

tion that varies uniformly as we move along the cylinder. Such

a correction evidently removes the effect of any want of paral-

lelism of the cylinder and spider thread. The constant correction

y is added for convenience merely.

The solutions of the equations by least squares give the fol-

lowing results :

“ GF y

Observer Davis, Spider line direct, —0.000135 —9.4985

Observer Davis, Spider line rever’d., — .ooo188 — .4953

Observer Jacoby, Spider line direct, — .o00260 — .4981

Observer Jacoby, Spider line rever’d., — .co0089 — .4984

Applying these numbers to the calculation of the corrected

errors of the cylinder, which we have called N’, we get the final

results contained in the following table:

210 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

TABLE OF ERRORS OF THE CYLINDER.

OBSERVER DAVIS. OBSERVER JACOBY.

Spider Line. Spider Line.

Scale. Dir’t. Rev’d. Dir’t. Rev’d. Final Mean.

R R R R R

325 —0.0014 -+0.0002 —0.001I2 -+0.0005 —0.0005

320 — .00I5 — .0004 — .0003 — .0006 — .0007

315 — .0005 + .0005 — .001I0 -++ .0005 = scoot

310 «6+ .0003 .0000 — .0006 — .c002 — .0001

305 + .0003 — .OOO1 — .0005 — .O013 — .0004

300 -+ .0002 -+ .0002 + .oo18 .0000 + .0006

295 + .0004 -} .0004 + .0005 + .0008 —+ .0005

200) —— 0005) OO + .0006 — .0003 — .0004

285 -+ .o014 -++ .0004 — .0008 + .0009 ++ .0005

280 — .0009 — .0006 — .000I — .0002 — .0004

275 + .0005 + .0008 + .0007 — .OooI + .0005

270 + .oo10 — .0008 — .0004 — .0002 — .OO0I

265 -- .OOIO .0000 + .0006 — .0002 + .0004

260 -+ .0013 -+- .0004 + .0004 + .0004 + .0006

255 -+ .0005 -+ .0003 + .000I — .0004 + ..0001

250 -+ .colIo + .0008 + .0009 -+ .coo4 ++ .o008

245 .0007 -++ .0002 + .0016 -+ .0005 + .0008

240 -+ .0007 -+ .0013 0000 + .0008 + .0007

235. — .OOII -+ .OOO1 + .0007 + .c004 .0000

230 — .0005 — .0008 — .0005 — .OOOI — .0005

225 — .0007 — .OOOI + .0002 -+ .0003 — ,O00I

220 — .OOIIT — .0008 — .000I + .0012 — .0002

215 .0000 + .0003 + .0003 — .0013 — .0002

210 — .0008 — .0002 — .001I2 — .0004 — .0006

205 — .0005 -+ .0002 — .0o018 — .0005 — .0006

The above results bear eloquent testimony to the precision with

which the measuring machine has been constructed. It must be

borne in mind that the above errors are not strictly errors of the

cylinder. They include the errors caused by any defect in the

way the casting that carries the plate follows the cylinder. Re-

membering that unity in the fourth decimal place corresponds to

0.00005 millimetre, we see that in no case does the cylinder error

amount to halfa micron. We can, therefore, conclude that no

harm has been done by the omission of the cylinder errors in the

present research. Still the numbers in the last column above

show a prevalence of the negative sign at the beginning and end

of the column. This seems to indicate that a very slight curve

exists in the cylinder. If it were desired to apply the corrections

here determined, it would be necessary to apply the above num-

bers with reversed sign to the observed screw reading obtained

in the bisection of the star.

5. Having finished the description of the investigation of the

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 211

various errors of the machine, we come now to the measures of the

plates. As we have already pointed out, the arrangements are

such that the stars on the-plate are compared successively with

the divisions ona metal scale. Evidently it is merely necessary

to subtract the reading of the scale belonging to the central star

from that belonging to any other star, in order to get the coérdi-

nate of the latter, referred to the central star as the origin. It

will be most convenient to use the central star as the origin, be-

cause the old measures were made in polar coérdinates, 7. €., posi-

tion angle and distance from the central star.

The first difficulty that presents itself arises from the fact that

we are measuring glass plates with a scale made of German silver.

As the coefficients of expansion of glass and German silver are

very different, errors of appreciable magnitude might easily be

caused by variations of temperature during the observations.

For this reason, we have always repeated all our observations in

the reverse order, immediately after finishing a series of any kind.

The manner of doing this will be explained below. We havealso

taken the greatest care in securing readings of the position circle

microscopes and the runs of the micrometer. Both were taken at

the beginning and end of each series of observations, experience

having shown that it was unnecessary to take them more frequently.

All the observations were made by Mrs. Herman S. Davis, and

Mrs. Annie Maclear Jacoby. The following are the instructions

that were written out by me for the guidance of the observers. I

give first the instructions for making a complete comparison of a

star with the scale:

“ry, See that the eye-piece is central over the wires, and the

reading of the micrometer about 9.000.

2. Read on the eastern impression of the star.

Read on the next smaller number of the scale.

Repeat 3.

Repeat 2.

Sara:

Change the reading of the micrometer to about 9.500.

. Repeat 2, 3,4, and 5, using the western impression of the

star.”

These seven operations constitute a complete comparison of the

star with the scale, and when speaking of such comparisons,

complete comparisons are always meant.

212 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

In order to understand the above, it is necessary to bear in

mind that it was Mr. Rutherfurd’s invariable custom to make

two impressions on his plates. They differ a little in right ascen-

sion, but not at all in declination. It is, therefore, clear that by

reading the western impression with the micrometer changed by

half a revolution, as explained in the above instructions, the mean

result from the two impressions will be almost entirely free from

periodic errors of the micrometer screw. Moreover, it will be

noticed that the principle of repeating all observations in the re-

verse order is rigidly adhered to in the above instructions.

While this careful use of the above principle may reasonably

be expected to remove the effects of any changes of temperature

that may take place during a single set of observations, it is

otherwise with changes that may take place at longer intervals of

time. Measures made on one day are not immediately compara-

ble with those made on another day. For the scale may have a

different temperature on the second day, so that we shall really

be measuring with a different standard of length on the two days.

It has therefore been necessary to standardize the scale every

day. This was done in the following way.

A pair of stars were selected differing very greatly in both

coordinates, and therefore situated near opposite corners of the

plate. These were carefully compared with the scale each day,

and all the measures of that day were multiplied by a constant

factor of such magnitude as would make the distance between the

standards an absolute constant. Moreover, a special series of

inter-comparisons of the distance between the standards in the

a-coordinate and the y-codrdinate was made, so as to be sure that

the unit of measurement should be the same for both coordinates.

we shall return to this matter later, as it is desirable first to give

the further instructions furnished to the observers. These were

as follows :

“To standardize the measures it is necessary to select a pair of

standard stars having a very wide difference of both coOrdinates.

These stars we will call Aand B. The successive operations will

now be as follows :

‘““(a) Compare the standard stars with the scale in the order

A, B, B, A.

““(b) Compare the central star twice.

““(c) Compare a number of other stars with the scale, and then

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 213

repeat all the comparisons, taking the stars in the inverse order.

““(d) Repeat (b) and (a).

“The series of measures (a), (b), (c), and (d) will constitute a

morning’s work; and this can be carried on till all the stars have

been measured in one coordinate. The microscopes connected

with the position circle should be read each day, before beginning

and after ending work. ‘The same should he done with the ther-

mometer.

“To measure the other coordinate, the position circle must be

turned through a right angle, as nearly as may be, and all the

stars must be measured in the same way.”

It will be seen that throughout the above instructions the prin-

ciple of repetition in the reverse order has been as closely adhered

to as before. We have not been content with measurement made

according to the above plan, however, but have again repeated all

the measures in exactly the same way with the position circle

turned through an angle of 180° from each of its former positions.

This doubled the labor, but it has the advantage of eliminating

any personality in bisecting the images. For if the observer has

a habit of always putting the thread of the microscope too far to

the right in making a bisection, then when the star-image is re-

versed 180° the same personality will affect the resulting co6érdi-

nate with the opposite sign. Consequently the mean of the two

measures will be free from any such personality, if it remain con-

stant. Needless to say,as every star was measured twice at least

each day, it has been possible to have the measure of each star on

each day divided equally between the two observers. Conse-

quently, the final position for each day is made to depend on two

observers instead of one. In making the measures with the plate

reversed 180°, operations 1 and 6 in the observer’s instructions

were interchanged for the more complete elimination of the peri-

odic screw-errors.

We shall give an example of the method employed for record-

ing and computing the comparisons of the star and scale. The

star measured is Anon. 34, which was one of the standards. Of

course the blank forms for recording these measures were arranged

so as to bring all the measures of any given star so far as possi-

ble together on one sheet of paper. But all the measures of the

present research were made in the manner shown below, so that

the series of operations, of which this is a specimen, is to be re-

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., IX, October, 1896.—15.

214 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

garded as the elementary one from a repetition of which all the

final results were obtained.

Date, Dec. 31, 1895.

STAR. SCALE.

Difteroues

s S :

Microm. Gin cal Diy. Microm. © Coruna Means.

Run. Run.

9.517 34 9.799

EAST .516 .710

Means 9.5165 + 67 9. 7095 +61 0.1930 | —6

9.009 34 9.21

WEST -OIL | -219

Means 9.0100 +80 9.2185 +76 0.2085 | —4

Mean of Differences =m 0.2008 | —5

Measured by Davis. ym 0.1004. | —2

Division Error Corr. -++.0020

Star | 34.1022

The above is a measure of the #-codrdinate, corresponding to

the direction of right ascension on the plate. It is one of the

measures for which the position circle had been reversed through

an angle of 180°, so that operations 1 and 6 have been inter-

changed. This is the reason why the first reading on the star

R *

was made with the microscope screw set near 9.500. This par-

ticular measure was selected as an example because the run of the

microscope was :

R=+0.0195,

so that we can use the specimen table of run and screw-error cor-

rections given on p. 205. From that table are taken the numbers

given here in the columns headed “ Screw Corr.” The rest of the

above example requires little explanation. The column headed

“Div.” gives the number attached to the line of the scale upon

which a reading was made. The screw corrections were not ap-

plied directly to the observations, but were carried along on the

narrow column on the extreme right, expressed in units of the

fourth decimal place. This column contains the difference of the

mse

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 215

two screw corrections belonging to the two numbers whose dif-

ference is set down in the column headed “ Difference of Means.”

This method of reduction has the advantage of showing very

clearly how much the results have been affected in each individual

case by the application of the screw corrections. The line begin-

ning “‘ Mean of Differences” gives the mean of the measures of

the east and west impressions, together with the mean of the two

corresponding screw corrections. This number being expressed

in revolutions of the screw needs to be divided by 2 in order to

turn it into divisions of the scale. The next line, therefore, con-

tains the half of the number in the preceding line, together with

the corresponding half of the screw correction. This last has

now become only 2 units of the fourth decimal place. The

next line contains the division error of the line numbered 34 on

the scale. This was the line read in the present measure, and the

division error for it was taken from the table on p. 206. The last

line then contains the point on the scale that is exactly opposite

this star, according to the present measure. The number is ob-

tained by applying the division-error correction and the tiny

screw correction to the number marked “‘ %4m.” The whole num-

ber, 34, is simply the number attached to the line read on the

scale.

It sometimes happens that the same line is not read on the scale

for both the East and West impressions. For we always read on

the next smaller division line of the scale, and if a line of the scale

happened to be between the East and West images, the lines read

for the two images would not be the same. In such cases it is

evidently necessary to take the mean of the lines as well as the

mean of the microscope readings. Thus if the line read for the

West impression in the above example had been 35 instead of 34,

the final line at the end should be 34% instead of 34. This would be

expressed by writing the final number 34.6022 instead of 34.1022.

6. The table given below contains the results of all the mea-

sures, set down in chronological order, according to the date of

measurement. ‘Two lines are devoted to each set of measures like

the one just described. All the measures of each star taken on

the same day are placed side by side, as it was thought this ar-

rangement would make reference to the table more convenient.

Of course the measures were not taken in the order as set down,

but were made in strict accordance with the principle of repetition

216 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

in the reverse order, exactly as described above in the instruc-

tions given the observers.

At the head of each day’s work are given the readings of the

thermometer and position circle microscopes, together with the

observations made for the determination of the runs. These quan-

tities were always observed both before and after the day’s work,

and both results are given here. The mean was always used in

the further reductions. The thermometer readings are in Fahren-

heit degrees.

For convenience of reference, a rotation number has been as-

signed to each star in this table.

The initials in the last column are those of the two observers,

Mrs. Herman 8. Davis and Mrs. Annie Maclear Jacoby.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, X-cOORDINATE.

Temperature, 57.0, 60.5.

Runs, +.0200, +.0200.

Date of Measures, 1895 Nov. 30.

217

d 4“

Circle right 181 43 28, 43 28

Circle left

43 52,43 50.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. " Mean | Screw Final :

coe Re On Seale. Diff 5) aud DAW. Reading. Obs’r.

Star

Line| Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0045 | 28] 10.3090 | +1.3045| 0.7019] .0000|] 29.2019) D.

W | 9.5025 | 29| 11.0055 | +1.5030

E | 9.0310 | 28} 10.3405 | +1.3095 | 0.7019 0000 | 29.2019) D.

W | 9.5150] 29) 11.0130 | +1.4980

1 E | 8.9990} 28) 10.3290 | +1.3300| 0.7106} .0000| 29.2106| J.

W | 9.4785 | 29) 10.9910 | +-1.5125

E | 9.0150 | 28, 10.3400 | +1.3250)| 0.7072 0000 | 29.2072] J.

W | 9.4975 | 29] II.0cI5 | +1.5040

18 m, E | 9.0310 | 100} 9.8170 | +-0.7860 | 0.4325 |+-.0003 | 100.9328 OD.

W | 9.5140 | IOI | 10.4580 | +0.9440

E | 9.0000 | 100} 9.7840 | +0.7840 | 0.4358 |-+.0003 | 100.9361 | D.

W | 9.5190 | IoI | 10.4780 | +-0.9590

2 E | 8.9950} 100} 9.7855 | +0.7905 | 0.4401 |-++.0003 | 100.9404 | J.

W | 9 5025 | IOL | 10.4725 | +-0.9700

E | 8.9680 | 100} 9.7675 | +0.7995 | 0.4426 |-+-.0003 | 100.9429| J.

W | 9.4905 | 1or | 10.4615 | +0.9710

24 p, E| 9.0010 | 65] 10.9950 | +1.9940| 0.5411 |+.0025 | 66.5436| J.

W | 9.5005 | 67} 9.6710 | +0.1705

E | 9.0225 | 66) 8.9905 | —0.0320 | 0.0350 |-+.0049 | 66.5399| J.

W | 9.4990 67) 9.6710 | +0.1720

3 E_ 9.0320) 65| II.0090 | +1.9770| 0.5355 |-+-0025 | 66.5380} D.

W | 9.5195 | 67] 9.6845 | +0.1650

E | 9.0190 | 65 | 10.9985 | +1.9795 | 0.5349 |+.0025 | 66.5374 D.

W | 9.5165 | 67| 9.6765 | +-0.1600

A 12, E | 8.9990 | 71/| 10.8450 | +-1.8460 | 0.4679 |+-.0032 | 72.4711] J.

W | 9.4850 73| 9.5105 | +-0.0255

4 E)} 9.0190} 71] 10.8585 | +1.8395 | 0.4639 |+.0032 | 72.4671 | D.

W | 9.5215 | 73] 9 5375 | +-0.0160

A 22, E | 8.9850} 64) 10.8885 | +1.9035 | 0.4924 |+.0041 | 65.4965| J.

W | 9.5005! 66) 9.5665 | +0.0660 :

5 E| 9.0115 | 64) 10.9165 | +1.9050 | 0.4946 ;+.0041 | 65.4987| D.

W | 9.5265 | 66} 9.6000 | +:0.0735

A 24, E | 9.0470 | 63) 10.9510 |"+1.9040 | 0.4989 |-+.0036 64.5025| OD.

W | 9.5050 | 65| 9.5965 | +-0.0915

6 E| 9.0450) 63} 10.9480 | +1.9030| 0.4979 |+.0036| 64.5015] D.

W | 9.4975 | 65| 9.5860 | +-0.0885,4

218 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, X-coORDINATE ( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Desig. i Mean Screw Final ;

cae Ae On Seale. Diff. 5) ree Reading. | Obs’r.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 28, E | 9.0105 | 49/| 10.7020 | --1.6915 | 0.8970 |+.0005 | 50.3975] OD.

W | 9.5070 | 50] 11.4035 | +1.8965

7 E)| 8.9955 | 49} 10.6910 | +-1.6955 | 0.9009 |+-.0005 | 50.4014} J.

W | 9.5070 | 50| 11.4150 | +1.9080

A 30, E | 9.0150 36 | 10.9900 | +1.9750 | 0.5346 +.0010 | 37.5356} OD.

W | 9.5205 | 38) 9.6840 | +0.1635 |

8 E | 8.9825 | 36] 10.9650 | +1.9825 | 0.5362 |+.0010 | 37.5372| J.

W | 9.4875 | 38] 9.6500 | ++-0.1625

A 39, E | 9.0260} 18] 9.1645 | +-0.1385 | 0.1112 |+.0002| 18.6114} D.

W | 9.5150] I9} 9.8215 | +0.3065

9 E | 8.9955 | 18] 9.1505 | +0.1550| 0.1209 |+.0002| 18.6211; J.

W | 9.4810} 19] 9.8095 | +0.3285

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 2.

Temperature, 58.8, 63.5.

219

/ 4

Circle right 91 43 31, 43, 38

Runs ++.0180, +.0180. Circle left 43 52, 43 50-

Microm. Readings.

meee On Seale. Diff. Mew ana Final | Obs’r.

Star On 2 Error. | Reading.

Star. ;

Line | Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0160 | 94] 11.0055 | +-1.9895 0.9900 |—.0006 | 94.9894 | D.

W | 9.5030 | 94 | 11.4735 | +1.9705

E | 9.0205 | 94] 10.9895 | +1.9690 0.9856 |—.0006 | 94.9850 | D.

W | 9.4895 | 94] 11.4630 | +1.9735

10 E| 9.0165} 94| II.0070 | +-1.9905 0.9912 |—.0006 | 94.9906 J.

W | 9.4320 | 94) 11.4065 | +-1.9745

E | 9.0050 | 94! 10.9940 | +1.9890 0.9922 |—-.0006 | 94.9916 | J.

W | 9.5180} 94) 11.4980 | +1.9800

18m, E | 9.0300} 19] 9.3730 | -+o.3430 0.1641 |+-.0006 | 19.1647 | D.

W | 9.5230 | 19] 9.8365 | +0.3135

E | 9.0115 | 19] 9.3615 | +0.3500 0.1650 |-++.0006 | 19.1656 | D.

W | 9.5100} 19] 9.8200 | --0.3100 |

11 E/| 8.9605; 19| 9.3010| +0.3405 | 0.1629 |+.0006 | 19.1635 | J.

W | 9.4930 | 19) 9.8040 | +0.3110

E | 9.0245 | 19} 9.3610 | +-0.3365 0.1639 |+-.0006 | 19.1645 | J.

W | 9.4910} 19] 9.8100 | +-0.3190

24 p, H | 8.9815 | 68) 8.9545 | —o.0270 | —o.0072 |-++.0030 | 67.9958 J.

W | 9.5070} 68} 9.5050 | —o.0020

E | 9.0020} 68] 9.0345 | +0.0325 | +0.0099 |+-.0030 | 68.0129| J.

W | 9.4895 | 68) 9.4965 | +0.0070

12. E/ 9.0005} 68} 9.0165 | +0.0160 | +0.0015 |+.0030 | 68.0045 D.

W | 9.5220} 68} 9.5120 | —o.oI00

E | 9.0230 | 68} 9.0415 | --0.0185 | +0.0018 |+.0030 | 68.0048 | D.

9.5290 | 68} 9.5175 | —O.OII5

A 12, | 9.0015 | 40] 10.2110 | +1.2095 0.5972 |++.0005 | 40.5977 J.

W | 9.5000} 40} 10.6795 | +1.1795

18 E| 9.0400) 40} 10.2385 | +1.1985 0.5918 |-++-.0004 | 40.5922] D.

9.5135 | 40] 10.6820 | +1.1685

A 22, E| 8.9700 | 81) 10.4320 | +1.4620 0.7225 |+.0022 | 81.7247) J.

9.4915 | 81) 10.9195 | +1.4280

14 E)| 9.0255 | 81| 10.4785 | +1.4530| 0.7166 \+.0021 | 81.7187, D.

W | 9.5155 | 81) 10.9290 |} +17.4135

A 24, E | 9.0255| 56] 9.5545 | +0.5290 0.2608 |-++.0033 | 56.2641 |_ D.

9.524) | 56) 10.0380 | +0.5140

15. E| 8.9875 | 56] 9.5295 | +0.5420 0.2666 |+.0034 | 56.2700| J.

W | 9.5020} 56} 10.0265 | +0.5245

220 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, Y-cOORDINATE ( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

of On scale. Diff. and Div. Final | Ops’r.

Star. On 2 Error. Reading.

Star.

Line | Reading.

A 28, E | 9.0440 | 115| 9.2225 | +0.1785 | 0.0836 | +-.0008 | 115.0844 | D.

W | 9.5310 | 115| 9.6870 | +-0.1560

16 E) 8.9845 | 115! 9.1745 | 0.1900 | 0.0866 | +.0008 | 115.0874 | J.

W | 9.5035 | 115] 9.6600 | +-0.1565

A 30, E| 9.0245 | 83] 9.4595 | +0.4350 | 0.2112 | +.0035 | 83.2147| D.

W | 9.5115 | 83] 9.9215 | +0.4100

1% E | 8.9715 | 83! 9 4080 | +0.4365 | 0.2151 | +.0035| 83.2186] J.

W / 9.5115 | 83} 9.0355 | +0.4240

A 39, E | 9.0295 | 41 | 10.0925 | +1.0630 | 0.5249 | —.0004| 41.5245] OD.

W | 9.5160) 41) 10.5525 | +1.0365 :

18 E| 9.0205 | 41) 10.0905 | +1.0700 | 0.5315 | —.0004 41.5311| J.

W | 9.4955 | 41] 10.5515 | +-1.0560

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 221

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, STANDARDS.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 3.

Temperature, 57.5, 64.0.

Runs,*

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line

Reading.

Y-COORDINATE.

Circle right ol 43 38, 43 36.

Circle left

Screw

and Diy.

Error.

43 46, 43 54-

Final

Reading.

10.9805

II.4915

10.9910

TI.4795

9.3475

9.8265

9.3580

9.8445

94.9821

94.9782

19.1612

19.1617

X-COORDINATE.

d Md

Circle right 181 43 Ah 43 49

Circle left 43 49, 43 35:

Microm. Readings.

Desig. t Mean Screw Final ;

pole an On Seale. Diff. SSD ee Readine, Obs’r.

Star.

Line| Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0080 | 28) 10.3225 | 1.3145 | 0.7044 | +0.0001 | 29.2045} D.

9.5270 | 29]| 11.0300 | 1.5030

21 ~=E| 9.0420 | 28} 10.3645 | 1.3225 | 0.7062 0.0000 | 29.2062) OD.

W | 9.5195 | 29/ 11.0220 | 1.5025

18 m, E | 9.0325 | 100| 9.8305 | 0.7980 | 0.4414 | +0.0003 | 100.9417; D.

9.5085 | 101 | 10.4760 | 0.9675

22 E| 9.0165 | 100] 9.8095 | 0.7930 | 0.4398 | +-0.0003 | Ioo.9401 | OD.

W | 9.5110 | 101 | 10.4770 | 0.9660

* The runs were not observed, and the observations were reduced with the

assumed value R= + 070195.

222 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, STANDARDS (Continued).

X-cOORDINATE (Rev'd).

Circle right ie 43 37, 43 38.

Circle left

43 49, 43 48.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. ; | Mean Serew Final ;

nom be On Seale. Dit ey and Div. | Reading. Obs’r.

Star.

Line| Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5255 | IOI | 10.9340 | 1.4085 | 0.6556 | —0.0003 | IOI.1553| OD.

9.0185 | 100 | 10.2325 | 1.2140

23. E | 9.5440 | Ior | 10.9520 | 1.4080 | 0.6558 | —0.0003 | IOT.1555| D.

W | 9.0000 | 100 | 10.2150 | 1.2150

18 m, E | 9.5325 | 29] 11.4720 | 1.9395 | 0.9282 | —o.0006 | 29.4276| D.

W | 9.0445 | 28] 10.8180 | 1.7735

24 E | 9.5285| 29| 11.4615 | 1.9330 0.9249 | —0.0006 | 29.4243 OD.

W | 9.0365 28 | 10.8030 | 1.7665 | |

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line

Reading.

Y-coORDINATE (Rev'd).

Circle right 271 43 54, 43 5I.

Circle left

Mean

43 28, 43 28.

Final

Reading.

Obs’r.

III

IIt

10.2660 |

9.7965

10.2840 |

9.8090 |

9.9335

9.4500

9.9100

9.4400 | 0.4230

0.3786

0.3808

0.2044 | —0.0006 |

0.2031

-+-0.0019

-++0.0019

—o.0006 |

35-3805

35-3827

III. 2038

III.2025

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 223

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, X-coORDINATE (Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 5.

Temperature, 61.0, 68.5. Circle right 1 43 38, 43 40.

Runs +.0210, +.0190. Circle left 43 32, 43 25-

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Ss) :

‘of e On Seale. Diff. Mena sndlitee Final Obs’r.

Star. Gin onl MUN an aE EES 2 Error. Reading.

plan Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5160 | IOI | 10.9235 | 1.4075 | 0.6580 | —o.0003 | 101.1577 D.

W | 9.0045 | 100| 10.2290 | 1.2245

E | 9.5240 | IOI | 10.9315 | 1.4075 | 0.6576 | —0.0003 | 101.1573} D.

W | 9.0020 | I00 | 10.2250 | 1.2230

20 E | 9.4815 | Ior | 10.8985 | 1.4170 | 0.6592 | —0.0004 | 101.1588? J.

W | 9.0045 | 100 | 10.2245 | 1.2200

E | 9.5040 | IOI | 10.9190 | 1.4150 | 0.6566 | —0.0003 | 101.1563, J.

W | 8.9905 | 100 | 10.2020 | 1.2115

18 m, E | 9.5485 | 29) 11.4925 | 1.9440 | 0.9294 | —0.0006 | 29.4288 D.

W | 9.0315 | 28} 10.8050 | 1.7735

E | 9.5160 | 29} 11.4550 | 1.9390 | 0.9261 | —o.0006 | 29.4255 | D.

W | 9.0350 | 28} 10.8005 | 1.7655

28 E| 9.5045 29| 11.4540 | 1.9495 | 0.9339 | —0.0006 | 29.4333| J.

W | 9.0045 | 28) 10.7905 | 1.7860

E | 9.4885 | 29] 11.4345 | 1.9460 | 0.9308 | —0.0006 | 29.4302) J.

W | 8.9735 | 28) 10.7505 | 1.7770 .

24 p, E'| 9.5205 | 64| 10.2655 | 0.7450 | 0.3268 | +0.0046 | 63.8314 | J.

W | 9.0000} 63) 9.5620 | 0.5620

E | 9.4875 | 64| 10.2100 | 0.7225 | 0.3170 | +0.0046 | 63.8216/| J.

W | 8.9940 | 63} 9.5395 | 0.5455

29 E/ 9.5200) 64] 10.2515 | 0.7315 | 0.3194 | +0.0046| 63.8240] D.

W | 9.0350} 63] 9.5810 | 0.5460

E | 9.5160 | 64] 10.2475 | 0.7315 | 0.3185 | +0.0046 | 63.8231 | D.

W | 9.0295 | 63} 9.5720 | 0.5425 |

A 12, E | 9.4885 | 58| 10.3695 | 0.8810 | 0.3960 | +0.0038 | 57.8998 | J.

W | 8.9960 | 57) 9.6990 | 0.7030

30) EE} 9.5355 | 58)| 10.4080 | 0.8725 | 0.3951 | +0.0038 | 57.8989

W | 9.0365 | 57| 9.7445 | 0.7080

A 22, E| 9.4930 | 65} 10.3180 | 0.8250 | 0.3686 | +-0.0035 | 64.8721 | J.

W | 8.9605 | 64} 9.6100 | 0.6495 :

31. E!9.5190| 65 | 10.3370 | 0.8180 | 0.3666 | +0.0035 | 64.8701 | D.

W | 9.0230} 64} 9.6715 | 0.6485

A 24, E | 9.5210} 66! 10.3195 | 0.7985 | 0.3529 | +-0.0040 | 65.8569] D.

W | 9.0290] 65} 9.6420 | 0.6130

32. E| 9.4955 | 66/| 10.3055 | 0.8100 | 0.3589 | +0.0040| 65.8629} J.

W | 9.0060} 65) 9.6315 | 0.6255

224 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, X-COORDINATE (Rey’d).

( Continued.)

Microm, Readings.

Desi SS)

gue On Scale. Diff. treat pitied

Star On 2 Error.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 28, E | 9.4960 | 80] 10.5165 | 1.0205 | 0.4601 | +0.0028

W | 9.0110] 79] 9.8310 | 0.8200

33 =E| 9.5040 | 80] 10.5385 | 1.0345 | 0.4639 | +0.0028

W | 8.9990] 79| 9.8200 | 0.8210

A 30, Z| 9.5190] 93] 10.2655 | 0.7465 | 0.3252 | +-0.0010

W | 9.0400 | 92} 9.5945 | 9.5545

84 E| 9.4925 | 93] 10.2485 ; 0.7560 | 0.3300 | +-0.0011

W | 8.9965 | 92] 9.5605 | 0.5640

E 10,1220

W 9.4295

10.1075

9.4280

Final Obs’.

Reading.

79.9629 | D.

79.9667] J.

92.8262! D.

92/82 TT dr

I11.7481

III.7533

iow

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 225

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev'd).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 6.

Temperature, 63.0, 64.5. Circle right 271 43 55, 43 55:

Runs, -++.0210, +.0190. Circle left 43 20, 43 15.

Microm. Readings.

: Final

On Seale. . i

On Reading.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5130} 35 | 10.2610 | 0.7480 | 0.3758 | +0.0019| 35.3777| D

9-0315 | 35| 9.7865 | 0.7550

9.5390 | 35| 10.2890 | 0.7500 | 0.3770 | +0.0019| 35.3789] D.

9.0435 | 35| 9.8015 | 0.7580

9.5075 | 35 | 10.2620 | 0.7545 | 0.3819 | +0.0020] 35.3839| J

8.9860 | 35) 9.7590 | 0.7730

9-4955 | 35 | 10.2495 | 0.7540 | 0.3800 | +-0.0020| 35.3820; J

9.0035 | 35| 9.7695 | 0.7660

eS)

9.5440 | III} 9.9330 | 0.3890 | 0.1999 | —o.0006 | 111.1993} D

9.0300 | III] 9.4405 | 0.4105

9.4935 | III | 9.8860 | 0.3925 | 0.2031 | —0.0006 | III.2025| D.

9.0390 | III | 9.4590 | 0.4200

9.4905 | III| 9.8800 | 0.3895 | 0.2045 | —0.0005 | 11I.2040| J

8.9810 | III | 9.4095 | 0.4285

9.4920 | 111 | 9.8820 | 0.3900 | 0.2028 | —o0.0005 | II1I.2023| J

9.0130 | III| 9.4340 | 0.42I0

9.5045 | 62} 10.2110 | 0.7065 | 0.3588 | +0.0030| 62.3638) J

8.9980 | 62] 9.7265 | 0.7285

9.5015 | 62] 10.2085 | 0.7070 | 0.3595 | +0.0030| 62.3625| J

8.9975 | 62) 9.7285 | 0.7310

9.5275 | 62) 10.2260 | 0.6985 | 0.3558 | +0.0030| 62.3588) D.

Susu Sdedeaeae Seen snsen SususuSs

9.0225 | 62] 9.7470 | 0.7245

9.5015 | 62} 10.2080 | 0.7065 | 0.3582 | +-0.0030 | 62.3612

9.0355 | 62) 9-7620 | 0.7265

ANT" 9.4995 | 89| II.0400 | 1.5405 | 0.7791 | +0.0008 | 89.7799| J.

g.0005 | 8g| 10.5760 | 1.5760

39 9.5230 | 89| I1.0560 | 1.5330 | 0.7734 | +0.0008 | 89.7742| D.

9.0520 | 89} 10.6125 | 1.5605

A 22, E | 9.4870 | 48| 10.7705 | 1.2835 | 0.6498 | +-0.0002| 48.6500] J.

W | 9.0055 | 48) 10.3210 | 1.3155 :

40 E|9.5010| 48) 10.7795 | 1.2785 | 0.6494 | +0.0002; 48.6496! D.

W | 9.0470 | 48) 10.3660 | 1.3190

A 24, Z| 9.5120| 74] 9.6950 | 0.1830 | 0.0958 | +0.0037 | 74.0995 | OD.

W | 9.0220 | 74] 9.2220 | 0.2c00

41 E/9.4970!| 74] 9.6995 | 0.2025 | 0.1042 | +0.0037| 74.1079| J.

W | 9.0000} 74] 9.2145 | 0.2145

226 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 18, Y-coORDINATE (Rev’d).—

( Continued.)

Microm. Readings.

F Final

Star.

Line} Reading.

9.5405 10.0715 ¥ 15.2744

9.0180 9.5840

9.4940 10.0440 : 15.2806

8.9945 9.5660

9.5490 9.8385 ; 47.1501

9.0480 9.3525

9.5190 9.8125 47.1540

8.9840 g. 3000

9.5260 IL. 1995 88.8381

9.0240 10.7045

9.5055 II.1845 88.8414

9.0010 10.6890

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 227

Resutts or tHe Measures, Poate 22, X-coORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 7.

Temperature, 64.5, 64.8. Circle right 181 27 55, 27 55.

Runs, .0210, 0200. Circle left 27 52, 27 54.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Mean Serew Final

of On Seale. Diff. : and Diy. ae Obs’r.

Star. On 2 Error, | Reading.

Star.

Line) Reading.

| |

A 34, E | 9.0210) 31) 10.6980 | 1.6770 | 0.7869 | +-0.0002 | 32.7871 F

9.5110 | 33) 10.9815 | 1.4705 |

9.0565 | 31/ 10.7245 | 1.6680 | 0.7861 | +0.0003 | 32.7864

9.5050} 33} 10.9815 | 1.4765

8.9935 | 31} 10.6715 | 1.6780 | 0.7881 | +0.0003 | 32.7884

9.5055 | 33| 10.9800 | 1.4745 |

9.0320 | 31 | 10.7050 | 1.6730 | 0.7879 | 0.0002 | 32.7881

9.4880 | 33 | 10.9665 | 1.4785

44 &

SJustu Susu sus

9.0395 | 103 | 10.2480 | 1.2085

9.5210 | 105 | 10.4920 | 0.9710

9.0440 | 103 | 10.2485 | 1.2045 | 0.5426 | —0.0001 | 104.5425

9.5430 | 105 | 10.5090 | 0.9660

8.9860 | 103 | 10.1940 | 1.2080

9.4925 | 105 | 10.4725 | 0.9800 |

8.9890 | 103 | 10.2005 | 1.2115 |

9.4999 | 105 | 10.4735 | 0.9745 |

0.5449 | —0.0001 | 104.5448

(—)

fe)

(e)

)

(e)

104.5469

44 ob

(e)

104.5464

8.9960 | 69} 9.3580 | 0.3620 | 0.1258

SqS3unaeaeH SeSe

+0.0046| 70.1304] J

9.4935 | 71| 9.6345 | 0.1410

8.9810 | 69) 9.3435 | 0.3625 | 0.1240 | +0.0047 | 70.1287| J

9.4970 | 71| 9.6305 | 0.1335

9.0625 | 69] 9.4115 | 0.3490 | 0.1198 | +0.0047} 70.1245| D.

—

9.5000 | 71I| 9.6300 | 0.1300 |

9.0355 | 69) 9.3790 | 0.3435 | 0.1189 | +0.0046 | 70.1235

9.5080 | 71} 9.6400 | 0.1320 |

A 12, E | 8.9850| 75| 9.2305 | 0.2455 | 0.0658 | +0.0038| 76.0696| J.

W | 9.4815 | 77| 9.4990 | 0.0175

48 E|9.0175| 75} 9.2575 | 0.2400 | 0.0635 | +0.0038| 76.0673| D.

W | 9.5030! 77) 9.5170 | 0.0140

A 22, E | 9.0005 | 68} 9.2645 | 0.2640 | 0.0746 | +0.0038 | 69.0784 J.

W | 9.5160) 70) 9.5505 | 0.0345 ‘

49 E| 9.0425 68} 9.2950 | 0.2525 | 0.0711 | +0.0038| 69.0749} D.

W | 9.5170) 70) 9.5490 | 0.0320

A 24, E | 9.0330 | 67| 9.3445 | 0.3115 | 0.0992 | +0.0042| 68.1034] OD.

W | 9.4945 | 69) 9.5800 | 0.0855

50. = E| 8.9960 67} 9.3005 | 0.3045 | 0.0984 | +0.0042| 68.1026] J.

W | 9.4950| 69} 9.5840 | 0.0890

228 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, X-cOORDINATE (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

M Screw Final

jie On Seale. Diff. a andy. Rendiie: Obs’r.

Star.

Line} Reading.

9.0300 | 53] 9.0445 | 0.0145 | 0.4610 | +0.0017 | 53.9627] D.

9.4980 | 54) 11.3275 | 1.8295

8.9895 | 53] 9.0120 | 0.0225 | 0.4666 | +0.0017 | 53.9683] J.

9.4905 | 54| 11.3345 | 1.8440

9.0560 | 40] 9.3950 | 0.3390 | 0.1136 | +0,0012| 41.1148} D.

9.4965 | 42] 9.6120 | 0.1155

9.0075 | 40] 9.3525 | 0.3450 | 0.1160 | +0,0012 | 41.1772] J.

9.5045 | 42| 9.6235 | 0.1190

9.0385 | 21) 9.6080 | 0.5695 | 0.2269 | —o0.0002 | 22.2267] D.

9.5070 | 23| 9.8450 | 0.3380

8.9840} 21) 9.5535 | 0.5695 | 0.2305 | —o.0001 | 22.2304] J.

9.5100 | 23] 9.8625 | 0.3525

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 229

RESCLTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 9.

55:

Runs, +.0180, +.0200. Circle left 27 50, 27) 55:

Temperature, 59.0, 63.5. Circle right gr 27 56, 25

Microm. Readings.

i Final

he On Seale. | . Reading.

Star.

Reading.

9.0320 9.0705 | 0.0385 | 0.0222 | +0.0019 | 93.0241

| 9.5220 9.5725 | 0.0505

9.0340 9.0740 | 0.0400 | 0.0229 | +0.0019 | 93.0248

9.5225 9.5740 | 0.0515

8.9920 9.0350 | 0.0430 | 0.0254 | +-0.0020 | 93.0274

9.4955 9.5540 | 0.0585

9.0010 9.0475 | 0.0465 | 0.0258 | +-0.00Ig | 93.0277

9.5030 9.5595 | 0.0565 ,

9.0615 9.5885 | 0.5270 | 0.2600 | —o0.0008 | 17.2592

9.5305 10.0435 | 0.5130

9.0445 9.5705 | 0.5260 | 0.2596 | —0.0007 | 17.2589

9.5075 10.0200 | 0.5125 |

8.9685 9.5070 | 0.5385 | 0.2646 | —0.0007 | 17.2639

9.4835 10.0035 | 0.5200

8.9725 9.5185 | 0.5460 | 0.2682 17.2675

9.4810 10,0080 | 0.5270

8.9780 9.1230 | 0.1450 | 0.0745 ; | 66.0803

9.4790 9.6320 | 0.1530

8.9855 9.1310 | 0.1455 | 0.0732 L 66.0790

9.4975 9.6450 | 0.1475

9.0160 9.1545 | 0.1385 | 0.0709 : 66.0767

9.5130 9.6580 | 0.1450

9.0340 9.1710 | 0.1370 | 0.0702 ; 66.0760

9.5080 9.6520 | 0.1440 |

WwW

9.0060 10.3475 | 1.3415 | 0.6685 : | 38.6687

9.4980 10.8305 | 1.3325

9.0315 10.3695 | 1.3380 | 0.6675 b 38.6677

9.5320 10.8640 | 1.3320

a a

iS)

Seay

iS)

8.9995 10.5745 | 1.5750 | 0.7872 ; 79.7890

9.5075 II.0815 | 1.5740 i

9.0360 10.5975 | 1.5615 | 0.7820 ; 79.7838

9.5305 II.0970 | 1.5665

9.0425 9.7025 | 0.6600 | 0.3309 : 54.3340

9.5160 10.1795 | 0.6635

9.0130 9.6855 | 0.6725 | 0.3374 : 54.3404.

9.4825 10.1595 | 0.6770

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, October, 1896.—16.

230 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES,

Microm. Readings.

PLATE 22, Y-coORDINATE (Continued). —

Desig ; Mean Screw Final :

ann Re On Scale. Diff. 5} nes Reading. Obs’r.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 28, E | 9.0165 | 113} 9.2980 | 0.2815 | 0.1415 | —o.o004 | 113.1411 | D.

W | 95250 | 113| 9.8095 | 0.2845

60 E| 9.0060/ 113] 9.2860 | 0.2800 | 0.1424 | —o.0004 | 113.1420| J.

W | 9.4745 | 113| 9.7640 | 0.2895

A 30, E| 9.0225! 81] 9.5405 | 0.5180 | 0.2604 | +0.0032! 81.2636) D.

9.5255 | 81 | 10.0490 | 0.5235

61 E/|9.0215| 81| 9.5455 | 0.5240 | 0.2622 | +0.0033| 81.2655| J.

W | 9.5025 | 81] 10.0275 | 0.5250

A 39, E | 9.0380 | 39/ 10.1435 | 1.1055 | 0.5591 | +0.0014| 39.5605} D.

W | 9.5335 | 39| 10.6645 | 1.1310

62 E| 8.9990} 39] 10.1145 | 1.1155 | 0.5640 | +0.0015 | 39.5655| J.

W | 9.4960 | 39] 10.6365 | 1.1405

Powe SK)

Bye ds ©

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 231

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, X-coORDINATE (Rev'd).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. to.

Temperature, 61.0, 67.5. Circle right I 27 55, 27 56.

Runs, +.0190, -++.0180. Circle left D522 7 AG.

Microm. Readings.

A Final

Star.

Reading.

9.5525 10.6180 97.5832

9.0320 10.2975

9.5240 10.5910 : 97-5853

9-0375 10.3100

9-4900 10.5690 97-5895

9.0010 10.2780

9.5095 10.5815 97-5863

9.0095 10.2810

4ms4uaua

9.5220 | — 11.0520 : 25.8214

9.0285 10.7870

9-5345 11.0670 : 25.8233

9.0385 10.8020

9-4955 11.0390 : 25.8288

9-0155 10.7900

9.4940 11.0380 : 25.8274

9.0005 10.7690

9.5035 9.8805 60.2459

9.0200 9.6115

9.4865 9.8600 60.2486

9.0000 9.6055

9.5200 9.8840 60.2422

9.0185 9.6080

9.5185 9.8885 60.2418

9.0215 9.6035

WwW

9.4979 9.9995 54-3055

9.0005 9.7220

9-5595 10.0420 54-3003

9-0225 9-7345

9.5285 9.9985 61.2936

8.9935 9.6850

9-5205 9.9995 61.2933

9.0515 9.7420

9.5400 9.9420 62.2641

9.0330 9.6700

9.5120 9.9310 62.2717

9.0020 9.6525

232 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

REsutts oF THE MEAsuREs, PLATE 22, X-coORDINATE (Rev’d).

( Continued. )

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line} Reading.

10.2495 76.4043

9.9145

10,2125 76.4119

9.9260

9.9360 89.2507

9.0415 ;

oie 89.2556

9.6290

9.7065 108.1430

9.4170

9.6500 108. 1466

9.3739

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 233

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dee. 11.

oe} / Mf 4 “

Temperature, 62.4, 64.0. Circle right 271 27 50, 27 50.

Runs, +.0180, +.0200. Circle left Beh hiss AG) Able

Microm. Readings.

Desig. j Mean Screw Final ;

aoe a On Seale. Diff. 5} aug Din: Reading. Obs’r.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 34, E| 9.5080} 37] 10.1855 | 0.6775 | 0.3380 | +0.0021 | 37.3401] D.

W | 9.0635 | 37] 9-7380 | 0.6745

E | 9.5415 |} 37 | 10.2225 | 0.6810 | 0.3375 | 0.0021; 37.3396| D.

W | 9.0525 | 37] 9.7215 | 0.6690

42 E/| 9.4915 | 37] 10.1790 | 0.6875 | 0.3401 | +00020] 37.3421) J.

W | 9.0125 | 37| 9.6855 | 0.6730

E | 9.5305 | 37 | 10.2200 | 0.6895 | 0.3408 | +0.0020| 37.3428; J.

W | 8.9865 | 37] 9.6600 | 0.6735

18m, E| 9.5310 | 113} 9.7390 | 0.2080 | 0.1045 | —0.0003 | 113.1042] D.

» W | 9.0550 | 113 9.2650 | 0.2100

E | 9.5485 | 113} 9.7500 | 0.2015 | 0.1048 | —o.0003 | 113.1045 D.

W | 9.0365 | 113} 9.2540 | 0.2175

43 E | 9.4835 | 113] 9.7115 | 0.2280 | 0.1156 | —0.0003 | 113.1153 | J.

W | 8.9845 | 113] 9.2190 | 0.2345

E | 9.4915 | 113 9.7045 | 0.2130 | 0.1074 | —0.0003 | 113.1071 | J.

W | 9.0010 | 113} 9.2175 | 0.2165

24 p, E | 9.5160 |} 64) 10.1050 | 0.5890 | 0.2928 | +-0.0042 | 64.2970| J

W | 9.0195 | 64| 9.6015 | 0.5820 |

E | 9.4955} 64] 10.0790 | 0.5835 | 0.2899 | -+-0.0042 | 64.2941] J

W | 8.9990} 64) 9.5750 | 0.5760

74 FE | 9.5720] 64| 10.1480 | 0.5760 | 0.2869 | +0.0042| 64.2911 | D.

W | 9.0195 | 64] 9.5910 | 0.5715 | |

E | 9.5315 | 64) 10.1130 | 0.5815 | 0.2894 | +-0.0042 | 64.2036 | D

W | 9.0415 | 64) 9.6175 | 0.5760 :

A 12, E | 9.4805 | 91/ 10.8780 | 1.3975 | 0.6991 | +0.0021 | 91.7012] J.

W | 8.9885 | 91) 10.3875 | 1.3990

73 E| 9.5180} 91| 10.9105 | 1.3925 0.6960 | +0.0021 | 91.6981} D.

W | 9.0190; 91) 10.4105 | 1.3915 |

A 22, E 9.4820} 50| 10.6575 | 1.1755 | 0.5861 | +0.0014 | 50.5875 | J.

W | 8.9955 | 50] 10.1645 | I.1690 | :

76 E> 9.5215} 50| 10.6915 | 1.1700 0.5851 | +0.0014 50.5865 | D.

W | 9.0375 | 50| 10.2080 | 1.1705

A 24, E | 9.5345 | 76) 9.5915 | 0.0570 | 0.0278 | +0.0049| 76.0327| D.

9.0140 | 76} 9.0680 | 0.0540

E | 9.5150} 76! 9.5630 | 0.0480 | 0.0249 | +0.0049 | 76.0298| J.

9.0060 | 76| 90575 | 0.0515 |

234 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photogrophic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).—

( Continued.)

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Reading.

Screw

and Div.

Error.

Final

Reading.

9.9930

9.4695

9.9615

9.4490

9.7430

9.2430

9.7130

9.2085

II.1710

10.6260

1.1265

10.6000

—0.0006

-+0.0027

| +0,0027

-+0.0008

0.0008

17.2243

17.2263

49.1057

49.1071

go. 8008

90.8033

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 235

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, STANDARDS,

Date of Measures, 1895. Dec. 12. Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

fo} d 4d / a

Temperature, 61.8, 58.8. Circle right 271 27 49, 27 47.

Runs, +.0200, +.0180. Circle left 27 RAN QU NANT

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Mean Serew Final

of on Seale. Diff. and Div. ae Obs’r.

Star. On 2 Error, | Reading.

tar. :

Line; Reading.

A 34,.E | 9.0295 | 37| 9.7105 | 0.6810 | 0.3370 | +.0020| 37.3390; OD.

W | 9.5195 | 37) 10.1865 | 0.6670

81 E! 9.0655| 37| 9.7380 | 0.6725 | 0.3354! -+.0021| 37.3375| D.

W | 9.5490 | 37| 10.2180 | 0.6690

18 m, E | 9.0450|113| 9.2565 | 0.2115 | 0.1102 | —.0003 | 113.1099) D.

W | 9.5265 | 113] 9.7560 | 0.2295

82. E| 9.0055 | 113| 9.2160 | 0.2105 | 0.1106 | —.0003 | 113.1103 D.

W | 9.5055 | 113) 9.7375 | 0.2320

X-COORDINATE (Rev’d).

Circle right I 27 ah, 27 50.

Circle left 27 50, 27 52.

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

On :

Star.

Line} Reading.

8.9960 10. 1045

9.4955 10.8160

9.0010 TO. 1105

9.4825 10.8020

8.9765 10.5480

9.4980 11.3180

9.0025 10.5715

9.5090 11.3260

236 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 22, StanpDARDs (Continued).

X-cOORDINATE

Circle right 181 27 49, 27 40.

Circle left. 27 51, 27 50.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Screw u

of On Seale. pie (| S22 | Gnaipiy. | Sue rene

Star. On 2 i Error. Reading.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0320) 31/| 10.6635 | 1.6315 | 0.7656 | -++.0004 | 32.7660] D.

W | 9.5165 | 33| 10-9475 | 1.4310

85 E| 9.5320] 31] II.1645 | 1.6325 | 0.7641 | +.0004 | 32.7645] D.

W | 9.0140] 33 | 10.4380 | 1.4240

18 m, E | 9.5445 | 103 | 10.6930 | 1.1485 | 0.5162 | -+.0001 | 104.5163| D.

W | 9.0120 | 105] 9.9285 | 0.9165

86 FE | 9.5310 | 103 | 10.6880 | 1.1570 | 0.5188 | +.o001 | 104.5189] D.

W | 9.0165 | 105) 9.9345 | 0.9180

Y-cOORDINATE.

i “i

Circle right QL 27 50, 27 50.

Circle left 27 48, 27 48.

Microm. Readings.

On Seale. iff. Reading.

Line| Reading.

93| 9.5240 93-0328

93,| 9.0820

93} 9-5445 93-0334

93| 9.0805

17 | 10.0600 17.2647

17| 9.5360

17 | 10.0245 17.2637

I7| 9.5150

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 237

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, X-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 13.

Temperature, 60.5, 66.0. Circle right 182 20 27, 20 2

Runs, +.0190, +-.01go. Circle left 20 20, 20 18.

Microm. Readings.

A Final

On Seale. : :

5 Reading.

On pee eee AeA )

Line} Reading. |

27) 9.3595 27.8997

28 | 10.7600 |

27| 9.3690 27.9017

10.7600

9-37509 | 27-9043

10.7460

9.3380 | 27-9053

10.7585

10.8430 | 99.6258

10.1900 |

10.8445 | 99.6241

10.1840 |

10.7930 | | 99.6264.

10.1815 |

10.8265 99.6258

10.1680

10.0240 | | 65.2361

II.4090 | |

10.0280 65.2335

IT.3935

10.0360 65.2295

II.4090

10.0315 65.2300

II.4215 | |

9.8565 71.1590

11.2405

9.8910 71.1546

11.2710

facie elee—lebte ples

9.8985 64.1908

11.3105 | ~

9.9305 64.1852

11.3245

co)

9.9715 63.1990

11.3430

9.9710 | 63.2043

| 11.3565

238 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, X-cOORDINATE ( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Star.

On Seale.

Reading.

Final

Reading.

9.0035

9.5045

9.0100

9.5010

9.0305

9.5045

8.9705

9.5225

9.0035

9.5205

8.9900

95205

9.7320

II.1265

9-7395

11.1290

10.0630

11.4250

10.0045

11.4485

10.1995

9.6020

Io. 1840

9.5985

49.0885

49.0903

36.2392

36.2410

17.3190

17.3176

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 239

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 14.

Temperature, 67.0, 67.0. Circle right 92 20 3, 20 30:

Runs, +.0180, +.0200. Circle left 20 30, 20 32.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. : Mean | Screw Final :

eee aes On Seale. Diff. 5) au Reading. Obs’r.

Star.

Line | Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0330) 93] 10.9875 | 1.9545 | 0.9586 |—.0006| 93.9580) D.

W | 9.5225 | 93] 11.4025 | 1.8800

E | 9.0140 | 93] 10.9680] 1.9540 | 0.9592 |—.0006 | 93.9586] D.

W | 9.5280] 93] 11.4110} 1.8830 |

98 E| 8.9865 | 93} I0.9610| 1.9745 | 0.9660 |—.0006 | 93.9654) J.

W | 9.4820 | 93] 11.3715 | 1.8895

E | 8.9960 | 93; 10.9660] 1.9700 | 0.9651 |—.0006| 93.9645) J.

W | 9.5010} 93] 11.3915 | 1.8905

18 m, E | 9.0265 | 18] 9.3995 | 0.3730 | 0.1692 |—.0004 | 18.1688] D.

W | 9.5180} 18) 9.8220] 0.3040

E | 9.0325; 18] 9.4185 | 0.3860 | 0.1698 |—.0004 | 18.1694] D.

W | 9.5170| 18] 9.8100 | 0.2930

99 E/| 8.9790] 18] 9.3945 | 0.4155 | 0.1816 |—.0005 |, 18.1811 | J.

W | 9.4845 | 18) 9.7955 | 0.3110

E| 9.0140} 18| 9.4075 | 0.3935 | 0.1768 ;—.0004| 18.1764| J.

W | 9.5010] 18] 9.8145 | 0.3135

24 p, E | 9.0035 | 67] 9.0335 | 0.0300 | 0.4961 |-++.0037 | 66.9998} J

W | 9.5105 | 66] 11.4650] 1.9545

E | 8.9955 | 67] 9.0340 | 0.0385 | 0.4988 |4-.0037 | 67.0025| J

W | 9.4835 | 66| 11.4400] 1.9565

100 E | 9.0205} 67| 9.0470 | 0.0265 | 0.4926 |-+.0037 | 66.9963 | D.

W | 9.5380 | 66] 11.4820] 1.9440

E | 9.0255 | 67| 9.0480) 0.0225 | 0.4919 |+-.0036| 66.9955| D

W | 9.5240) 66) 11.4690} 1.9450

A 12, E | 8.9845 | 39] 10.2030] 1.2185 | 0.5900 |+.0014 | 39.5914] J.

9.5010 | 39] 10.6425 | 1.1415

101 E | 9.0120} 39} 10.2190] 1.2070 | 0.5836 |+.0014 | 39.5850| D.

W | 9.5235 | 39| 10.6510] 1.1275

A 22, E | 8.9980} 80/ 10.4615 | 1.4635 | 0.7110 |+.0020| 80.7130| J.

W | 9.4810! 80) 10.8615 | 1.3805 :

102 E | 9.0250] 80} 10.4810} 1.4560 | 0.7059 ;-+.0020 | 80.7079| D.

W | 9.5285 | 80/ 10.8960 | 1.3675

A 24, E | 9.0270 | 55) 9.5780| 0.5510 | 0.2574 |--.0023 | 55-2597| D.

W | 9.5095 | 55| 9.9880 | 0.4785

108 E| 8.9670} 55] 9.5230] 0.5560 | 0.2619 |+.0023 | 55.2642| J.

W | 9.4895 | 55| 9.9810] 0.4915

240 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, Y-cOORDINATE ( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Desig. : Mean | Screw Final ;

mal i On Seale. Diff. 5 a Ey Reading. | Obs’r.

Star.

Line) Reading.

A 28, FE | 9.0450 | 114} 9.2280] 0.1830 | 0.0715 |+.0018 | 114.0733} D.

9.5045 | 114 9.6075} 0.1030

104 E | 9.0225 | 114] 9.2180] 0.1955 | 0.0749 |+.0018 | 114.0767 | . J.

W | 9.4890 | 114| 9.5930] 0.1040

A 30, E | 9.0245 | 82) 9.4430] 0.4185 | 0.1885 |-+.0035 | 82.1920) D.

9.5090 | 82| 9.8445 | 0.3355

105 E | 9.0185 82] 9.4395 | 0.42I0 | 0.1915 |+.0035 | 82.1950] J.

W | 9.4725 | 82) 9.8175 | 0.3450

9.0200 10.0360 40.4887

9.5140 10.4500

8.9760 9.9890 40.4918

9.4985 10.4505

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 241

RESULTS OF THE MEAsurEs, PLATE 24, X-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 16.

Temperature, 58.5, 64.0. Circle right 2 20 30, 20 30.

Runs, +.0180, +.0210. Circle left 20) 25, )20122.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Screw 3

of On Seale. Diff. Mean and Div Eyes Obs’r

Star. On 2 Error. eading.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5185 | 103) 9.9000 | 0.3815 | 0.4660 | —.0003 | 102.4657; D

9.0220 | IOI | 10.5045 | 1.4825

9.5285 | 103| 9.9155 | 0.3870 | 0.4704 | —.0003 | 102.4701} D.

aus

9.0205 | IOL | 10.5150 | 1.4945

9.4830 | 103 | 9.8780 | 0.3950 | 0.4618 | —.0002 | 102.4616

8.9785 | IOI | 10.4305 | 1.4520

9.5185 | 103) 9.9080 | 0.3895 | 0.4719 | —.0003 | 102.4716

9.0345 | IOI | 10.5325 | 1.4980

Susu

18 m, E | 9.5275 | 31) 10.4370 | 0.9095 | 0.2374 | +.0024 | 30.7398) D

W | 9.0300 | 30) 9.0700 | 0.0400

E | 9.5300 | 31 | 10.4300 | 0.9000 | 0.2345 | +.0024 | 30.7369| D.

W | 9.0540} 30)| 9.0920 | 0.0380

108 E | 9.5020; 31, 10.4285 | 0.9265 | 0.2468; +.0024 | 30.7492| J

W | 9.0110 | 30) 9.0715 | 0.0605

E | 9.4905 | 31 | 10.4055 | 0.9150 | 0.2412 | -++.0024 | 30.7436| J

W | 9.0000 | 30} 9.0500 | 0.0500

24 p, E| 9.4965 | 65 | 11.2065 | 1.7100 | 0.6350] -+.0028 | 65.1378| J

W | 8.9805 | 64| 9.8105 | 0.8300

E | 9.5050| 65 | 11.2120 | 1.7070 | 0.6346 | +.0028 | 65.1374; J

W | 8.9890} 64) 9.8205 | 0.8315

109 E| 9.5175 | 65 | 11.2205 | 1.7030 | 0.6324 | +.0028 | 65.1352] D.

W | 9.0035 | 64) 9.8300 | 0.8265

E | 9.5199 | 65 | 11.2180 | 1.6990 | 0.6304 | +.0028 | 65.1332) D

W | 9.0190} 64| 9.8415 | 0.8225

A 12, E'| 9.4950 | 59) 11.3575 | 1.8625 | 0.7095 | -+.003I | 59.2126| J.

W | 9.0005 | 58) 9.9760 | 0.9755

110 E | 9.5365 | 59| 11.3865 | 1.8500 | 0.7066 | +.0030 | 59.2096] D.

W | 9.0300 | 58] 10.0065 | 0.9765

A 22, E| 9.4665 | 66| 11.2780 | 1.8115 | 0.6846 | +-.0031 | 66.1877/ J.

W | 8.9695 | 65} 9.8965 | 0.9270 x

111 E| 9.5130) 66| 11.3045 | 1.7915 | 0.6736 | +.0031 | 66.1767|] D.

W | 9.0370} 65] 9.9400 | 0.9030

A 24, E'| 9.5285 | 67)| 11.2875 | 1.7590 | 0.6616 | +-.0032 | 67.1648] D.

W | 9.0270} 66} 9.9145 | 0.8875

112 E| 9.4870| 67| 11.2545 | 1.7675 | 0.6662 | +.0032 | 67.1694); J.

W | 8.9830 | 66} 9.8805 | 0.8975

242 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, X-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

(Continued).

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Star.

Line| Reading.

Final

Reading.

9.5195 II.5170

9.0370 10.1355

9.4965 II.5020

9.0110 10. 1190

9.5270 11.2380

9.0500 9.8590

9.4870 II.2005

8.9990 9.8215

9.5310 I1.0660

9.0190 9.6685

9.5085 II.0600

8.9990 9.6605

81.2751

81.2803

94-1303

94.1343

113.0446

113.0517

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

243

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, Y-COORDINATE (Rev'd).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 17.

Temperature, 67.0, 70.2.

Runs, +.0190, +.0200.

Circle right 272.20 33) 20 a2:

Circle left

“i

20) 32/26) 32.

Microm. Readings.

ore On Scale. Diff. Mean sna Div.| Final | oper.

Star. On 2 Error. | Reading.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5245 | 36| 10.2925 | 0.7680 0.4015 |-++.0018 | 36.4033 | D.

W | 9.0195 | 36} 9.8575 | 0.8380

E | 9.5300 | 36] 10.2925 | 0.7625 0.3999. |-++.0018 | 36.4017 D.

W | 9.0150| 36] 9.8520] 0.8370 |

116 E)| 9.4955 36) 10.2800) 0.7845 0.4084 |-+.0019 | 36.4103 | J.

W | 8.9810} 36) 9.8300] 0.8490

E | 9.4690 | 36) 10.2505 0.7815 0.4078 |+.0018 | 36.4096 J.

W | 9.0075 | 36) 9.8570} 0.8495

18 m, E | 9.5125 | 112} 9.8575 | 0.3450 0.1949 |—.0006 |112.1943|) D.

W | 9.0165 | 112} 9.4510] 0.4345 |

E | 9.5235 | 112| 9.8745 | 0.3510 | 0.1964 |—.0006 |I112.1958| D.

W | 9.0270} 112} 9.4615 | 0.4345 |

117 E| 9.5020|112| 9.8585 | 0.3565 0.2000 |—.oc06 |I12.1994| J.

W | 9.0145 | 112] 9.4580 | 0.4435

E | 9.4750 | 112| 9.8335 | 0.3585 0.1972 |—.0005 |I112.1967| J.

W | 9.0085 | 112] 9.4390| 0.4305 |

24 p, E| 9.4820] 63] 10.1790) 0.6970 0.3671 |+.0050 | 63.3721) J.

W | 8.9960) 63) 9.7675 | 0.7715

E | 9.4815 | 63] 10.1715 | 0.6900 0.3641 |+.0050 | 63.3691 | J.

W | 9.0245 | 63] 9.7919} 0.7665

118 E | 9.5305 | 63] 10.2080} 0.6775 | 0.3605 |+.0050 | 63.3655 D.

W | 9.0250] 63] 9.7895 | 0.7645

E | 9.5210} 63] 10.2050} 0.6840 0.3619 |+.0050 | 63.3669| D.

W | 9.0400 | 63] 9.8035; 0.7635

A 12, E | 9.4830 | 90/ II.o105 | 1.5275 0.7825 |+.0008 | 90.7833 | J.

W | 9.0215 | 90/| 10.6240] 1.6025

119 E | 9.5305 | 90] 11.0400] 1.5095 | 0.7752 |-+.0008 | 90.7760] D.

W | 9.0320] 90) 10.6235} 1.5915

A 22,E/9.5150| 49] 10.7925 | 1.2775 0.6614 |-+.0012 | 49.6626| J.

W | 9.0085 ! 49] 10.3765 | 1.3680 .

120 E| 9.5255 | 49| 10.7935 | 1.2680 | 0.6576 |-+.0012 | 49.6588; D.

W | 9.0415 | 49} 10.4040] 1.3625

A 24, E| 9.5305 | 75] 9.6910] 0.1605 0.1012 |+.0027 | 75.1039} D.

W | 9.0135 | 75| 9.2580] 0.2445

121 E|9.5110| 75) 9.6850] 0.1740 | 0.1072 |+.0027| 75.I099| J.

W | 9.0935 | 75| 9.2585 | 0.2550

244 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Desig. S -

ete On scale. Diff. ee Sain Final | Obs’r.

Star. Oniss| 2 Error, | Reading. | ~~

Star.

|Line | Reading.

A 28, E | 9.5225 | 16| 10.0600] 0.5375 | 0.2895 | +.0002] 16.2897| D.

W | 9.0430) 16} 9.6635 | 0.6205

122 E | 9.4840) 16! 10.0425) 0.5585 | 0.2954 | +.0002| 16.2956| J.

W | 9.0195 | 16| 9.6425) 0.6230

A 30, E/ 9.5155 | 48] 9.8310] 0.3155 | 0.1760} +.0016| 48.1776| D.

W | 9.0195 | 48} 9.4080) 0.3885

128 E|9.4990| 48! 9.8105] 0.3115 | 0.1749] +.0016| 48.1765) J.

W | 9.0135 | 48] 9.4015 | 0.3880

A 39, E| 9.5405 | 89] 11.2545 1.7140 | 0.8736| +.0006| 89.8742] D.

W | 9.0205 | 89/ 10.8010} 1.7805

124 E | 9.5270| 89] 11.2490) 1.7220 | 0.8810 | +.0006| 89.8816| J.

W | 9.0240| 89/} 10.8260] 1.8020

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 245

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, STANDARDS.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 18.

Temperature, 66.2, 64.9.

Runs, +.0210, +.0210.

Star. i

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Reading.

Y-COORDINATE (Rev’d).

“i 4 “i

Circle right 272 20 30, 20 32.

Circle left

20 30, 20 32.

Final

Reading.

9-0395

9-5235

9.0360

9.5350

9.0185

9.5280

9.0405

9-5035

Star.

9.8085

10.3690

9.8000

10.3800

9.3705

9.9625

9.3945

9.9405

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line, Reading.

eae Coy)

36.4054

36.4040

112.1960

X-COORDINATE (Rev'd).

Ml / at

fo} i

Circle right 2 20 30, 20 32.

Circle left

ZO) Bil AAO) Ge

Final

Reading.

8.9745

9.4805

9.0310

9.5000

8.9790

9.4940

8.9995

9.4695

9.3690

10.9825

9.4310

10.9985

9.8995

9.5565

9.9205

9.5340

| 102.4737

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., IX, November, 1896.—17

102.4742

30.7481

30.7487

246 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 24, STANDARDS (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Star.

On Seale.

Line} Reading.

X-COGRDINATE.

é “ee

Circle right 182 20 31, 20 32

Circle left 20 29, 20 24.

Final

Reading.

9.5170

9.0200

9.5125

9.0195

9.5205

9.0030

9.5205

9.0060

9.8625

10.2615

9.8615

10,2720

11.3490

9.6755

| 98 | 11.3500

| 100 9.6845

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line| Reading.

27.8986

27.9022

99.6254

99.6272

Y -COORDINATE.

Ue tf 4

Circle right 92 20 21, 20420

Circle left 20 30, 20 30.

Final

Reading.

93 | 11.4685

93 | 10.8755

93 | 11.4415

93 | 10.8790

18| 9.8795

18| 9.3315 |

18| 9.9065

18} 9.3285

93-9693

93.9660

18.1799

18.1767

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 247

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, X-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 19.

z 2 [o) U 4“ / 4

Temperature, 68.0, 70.5. Circle right 182 26 21, 26 21.

Runs, +.0210, +.o190. Circle left 26121 5 26) 21s

Microm. Readings.

Desig. Screw .

0 On Seale. Diff. WOH | eal DAY aetna Obs’r.

Star. on 2 Error. eading.

tar.

| Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.0420 28 | 10.2480 | 1.2060 | 0.4644 | +.0007 | 28.9651

WwW

9.5220 | 29) 10.1735 | 0.6515

E | 9.0500 | 28] 10.2580 | 1.2080 | 0.4654 | +-.0006 | 28.9660) D.

W | 9.5390] 29} 10.1925 | 0.6535

1338 Ej 9.0170| 28) 10.2360 | 1.2190 | 0.4722 | +.0007 | 28.9729) J.

W | 9.4915 | 29] 10.1615 | 0.6700

E | 8.9905 | 28) 10.2155 | 1.2250 | 0.4732 | +.0007 | 28.9739) J.

W | 9.4900 | 29} 10.1580 | 0.6680 |

18 m, E | 9.0250 | 100} 9.9160 | 0.8910 | 0.3059 | -++.0006 | 100.8065 | D.

W | 9.5260) Tor} 9.8585 | 0.3325

E | 9.0185 | 100| 9.9180 | 0.8995 | 0.3076 | -+.0007 | 100.8083 D.

W | 9.5125 | 101| 9.8435 | 0.3310

184 E | 9.0525 | 100] 9.9500 | 0.8975 | 0.3110 | +.0007 | 100.8117| J.

W | 9.4700 | IoI| 9.8165 | 0.3465 |

E | 9.0490 | 100} 9.9605 | 0.9115 | 0.3119 | -++-.0007 | 100.8126] J.

W | 9.5030 | 101} 9.8390 | 0.3360 |

24 p, E | 8.9675 | 65 | 10.9595 | 1.9920 | 0.8514 | +-.0026 | 66.3540) J

W | 9.4815 | 66} 10.8950 | 1.4135

E | 8.9920 | 65 | 10.9845 | 1.9925 | 0.8514 | +.0026 | 66.3540) J

W | 9.4955 | 66) 10.9085 | 1.4130

135 E | 9.0245 | 65/| 10.9785 | 1.9540 | 0.8361 | +.0026 | 66.3387| D.

W | 9.5055 | 66] 10.8960 | 1.3905 |

E | 9.0320 | 65] 10.9820 | I.9500 | 0.8355 | +.0026 | 66.3381 | D

W | 9.4990 66) 10.8910 | 1.3920

A 12. E| 8.9975 | 71| 10.8875 | 1.8900 | 0.8079 | -++.0023 | 72.3102) J.

W | 9.4800) 72) 10.8215 | 1.3415

1386 E | 9.0235 | 71] 10.9125 | 1.8890 | 0.8024 | +-.0022 | 72.3046| OD.

W | 9.5285 | 72) 10.8490 | 1.3205

A 22, E| 8.9510 | 64} 10.7980 | 1.8470 | 0.7800 | -++.0024 | 65.2824 | J.

W | 9.4950 | 65 | 10.7680 | 1.2730 ;

13% E | 9.0305 | 64) 10.8710 | 1.8405 | 0.7755 | +.0023 | 65.2778| D.

W | 9.5310| 65 | 10.7925 | 1.2615

A 24, E | 9.0405 } 63] 10.9620 | 1.9215 | 0.8242 | +.0031 64.3273 | D.

W | 9.5150] 64) 10.8905 | 1.3755

188 E.| 9.0005 | 63.) 10.9335:| 1.9330 | 0.8250 | -++.0032 | 64.3282| J.

W | 9.5060} 64) 10.8730 | 1.3670

248 Permanence of the Ruther furd Photographic Plates.

> ae es

‘~e

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, X-cOORDINATE (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Star.

On Scale.

Line| Reading.

Screw

and Diy.

Error.

Final

Reading.

9-0290

9.5205

9.0030

9.5065

9.0455

9.5340

9.0175

9.4900

9.0195

9.5090

9.0090

9.4885

10,5560

10.5080

10.5345

10.5040

10.9600

10.8820

10.9320

10,8500

9.2245

II.1590

9.2340

11.1525

—++.0012

-+.0012

-+.0007

—.0013

50.1298

50.1334

37-3163

37-3193

18.4625

18.4709

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 249

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1895, Dee. 20.

ff “i

Temperature, 66.2, 67.2. Circle right 92 26 22, 26 22.

Runs, +.0210, +.0210. ~ Circle left 26) 22, 26 22.

Microm. Readings.

- Final

On wae Vhesecee

Star. |

Line Reading.

9.0260 9.5675 96.2671

9.5195 10.0415

9.0290 9.5735 96.2672

9.5225 10.0420

9.0069 9.5615 96.2750

9.4875 10.0270

8.9900 9.5435

9.4700 10.0070

Hans

96.2738

ane

(o)

(SS)

9.0355 10.1710 20.5636

9.5095 10.6310 |

9.0260 10. 1680

9.5100 10.636¢

9.0020 10.1445

9.4890 10.6300

8.9905 10.1375

9.5140 10.6505

20.5664

—

(eS)

20.5702

20.5703

Boe Se Se ae oe eS a

Spa el = el" Daltertcie. «Lem Ae

8.9915 9.7080 69.3564

9.4880 10.1810

8.9720 9.6855 69.3554

9.5175 TO. 2095

9.0290 9.7315 69.3506

9.5015 10.1855

9.0235 9.7235 69.3479

9.5155 10.1910

WwW

8.9970 10.8990 41.9477

9.5215 II.4170

9.0200 10.9095 41.9413

9.5215 I1.4040

8.9825 9.1040 83.0574

9.5035 9.5965 5

9.0220 9.1295 83.0507

9.5200 9.6000

9.0305 57 | IO. 2435 57.6056

9.5285 10.7250

9.0250 10,2495 ~| 57.6130

9.4950 10.7095 |

250 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

REsvULts OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Y-cOORDINATE (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

On Scale.

Ons 9. cee

Star.

Line| Reading.

Final

Reading.

9.0200 9.8330

9.5175 10.3195

9.0010 9.8325

9.4815 10. 3085

9.0285 10.0495

9.5280 10.5380

8.9935 10.0305

W | 9.4895 10.5025

9.0420 10.6310

9.5200 TI.1135

8.9830 10.5880

9.5045 II. 1080

116.4036

116.4137

84.5093

84.5141 :

42.7943

42.8008

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 251

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, X-cOORDINATE (Rev'd).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 30.

Temperature, 64.5, 67.2. Circle right 2 26 20, 26 21.

Runs, -++.0200, +.0210. Circle left 20,20), 20)22.

Microm. Readings.

Serew

On Scale. iff. ——— | and Div. Final

Error. Reading.

Line) Reading.

IOI | 11.0500 101.4029

IOI | 9.1030

IOL | II.0610 IOI.4019

9. 1000

11.0775 : IOI.4046

9.0860

' IT.0700 IOI.4027

9-0905

4ua

11.3735 29.5614

9.4085

11.3645 ; 29.5609

9.4220

11.3825 29.5609

9.4170

11.3855 29.5606

9.4080

10.2890 64.0291

10.3420

10.2900 64.0285

10.3490

10. 3085 64.0293

10.3515 |

10.2800 64.0293

10. 3405 | |

WwW

10.3395 58.0590

10.4010

10.3485 58.0594

10.4215

10.4450 65.0944 |

10.4920

10.4355 65.0920

10. 5080

TO. 3005 66.0386 |

10.3625

10.3275 | 66.0419 |

10.3925 |

252 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, X-COORDINATE (Rev’d).

( Continued ).

Microm. Readings.

! ‘ Final

es Genscan . SaoT * | Reading.

Star.

Line} Reading.

9.5420 | 80] 10.7490 80.2414

9.0260 | 79] 10.7770

9.5075 | 80] 10.7085 80.2411

9.0120 |} 79} 10.7680

9.5300 | 93} 10.3625 93.0556

9.0220 | 92) 10.4105

9.5225 | 93 | 10.3615 93-0554

9.0205 | 92] 10.4015

9.5190 | 112 | 10.0400 II1.8998

9.0290 | III | 10.1120

9.5150 | I12| 10.0440 III.gOIg

9.0200 | III | 10.1035

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 253

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1895, Dec. 31.

Temperature, 66.5, 68.0. Circle right 272 26 20, 26 21.

Runs, ++.0190, +.0200. Circle left 26 21, 26,21.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. | Screw 3

of On Scale. Diff. wah and Diy.|_,Final | Ops’r.

Star. On 2 Error. | Reading.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5165 | 34] 9.7095 0.1930 0. 1004. |-+.0018 | 34.1022 |

W | 9.0100} 34) 9.2185 | 0.2085 |

W | 9.0260| 34] 9.2330| 0.2070 | |

160 E/| 9.5090] 34] 9.6995| 0.1905 | 0.0971 |+.0017 34.0988 |

9.5295 | 34| 9.7215 | 0.1920 0.0998 |+.0018 | 34.1016 | D.

W | 9.0500] 34] 9.2480} 01980 |

E | 9.5200} 34] 9.7105] 0.1905 0.0991 |-++.0018 34.1009

W | 9.0205 | 34] 9.2265) 0.2060 | |

18 m, E | 9.5160 | 109 | I1.1030| 1.5870 0.8005 |—.0002 |109.8003|} D.

W | 9.0165 | 109 | 10.6315 1.6150 |

E | 9.5090 | Iog | 11.0955 1.5865 0.8018 |—.0002 109.8016 D.

W | 9.0105 | I0g/ 10.6310) 1.6205 | | |

164 FE | 9.5080 | Iog| 11.1010) 1.5930 | 0.8034 |—.oco2 |I09.8032| D.

W | 9.0385 | 109} 10.6590 | 1.6205 | |

E | 9.5070 | 109} 11.1000 1.5930 0.8026 |—.0002 |109.8024; D.

W | 9.0185 | 109 | 10.6360 | 1.6175

24 p, E| 9.5265 61) 9.5410) 0.0145 0.0124 |-+.0039 | 61.0163, D

W | 9.0210) 61) 9.0560} 0.0350

E | 9.5105 | 61] 9.5215 | 0.0110 0.0120 |-++.0040 | 61.0160| OD.

W | 9.0115 | 61} 9.0485) 0.0370 |

162 E/| 9.5300! 61| 9.5415 0.0115 0.0125 |+.0040/ 61.0165; D

W | 9.0295 | 61} 9.0680} 0.0385 |

E | 9.5295 61] 9.5400} 0.0105 0.0114 |+.0039 | 61.0153) D

W | 9.0315 | 61| 9.0665; 0.0350

A 12, E | 9.5065 | 88/ 10.3485 | 0.8420 0.4228 |+.0008 | 88.4236| D.

W | 9.0415 | 88} 9.8905 | 0.8490 |

168 E | 9.5330| 88} 10.3780} 0.8450 | 0.4226 |+.0008 | 88.4234; D.

W | 9.0330) 88) 9.8785 | 0.8455 | |

A 22,E/ 9.5155 | 47| 10.1300| 0.6145 0.3155 |-+.00II | 47.3166| OD.

W | 9.0340] 47] 9.6815 | 0.6475 ' :

164 E)| 9.5275 | 47| 10.1430} 0.6155 0.3161 |-+.00I1I

W | 9.0425 47| 9.6915) 0.6490

Aq3172) WD:

A 24, E | 9.5975 | 72] I11.0240| 1.5165 0.7601 |-++.c0o19 | 72.7620| D.

9.0190} 72| 10.5430| 1.5240

165 E/} 9.5195 | 72| 11.0320) 1.5125 0.7605 |-++.0019 | 72.7624| D.

W | 9.0305 | 72| 10.5600} 1.5295 | |

are. i:

254 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Y-cOORDINATE (Rev'd).

( Continued).

Microm. Readings.

2 Final

On Seale. ‘ } A

On Reading.

Star.

Line| Reading.

9.5265 I1I.4460 —.0016 | 13.9608

9.0190 10.9490 | |

9.5190 11.4395 —.0016 | 13.9619

9.0360 10.9695 |

9.5235 II.24I0 —.0004 45.8626

9.0235 | 10.7580

9.5475 II.2600 —.0004 | 45.8605

W | 9.0590 | 10.7900

9.5300 10.6725 +,.0024 | 87.5766

9.0330 10.1875

9.5170 10.6610 +,.0024 | 87.5769

9.0085 10.1625

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Ehotographic Plates. 255

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, STANDARDS.

Date of Measures, 1896, Jan. 2. Y-cCOORDINATE (Rev’d).

Temperature, 61.7, 65.8. Circle right 272 26 20, 26 20.

Runs, +.0180, +.0200. Circle left 26 19, 26 20.

Microm. Readings.

é Final

Line) Reading.

34 | 9.2200 L 34.1003

34| 9.7190

34| 9.2120 . 34.0997

| 34! 9.7280

109 | 10.6105 : 109.8020

10g | II.1490 |

10g | 10.6080 ; 109.8030

109 | 11.1295

X-COORDINATE (Rev’d).

5 a fo} i a dG 4

Circle right 2 26 19, 26 20.

Circle left 2124 26) 20:

Microm. Readings.

ss é Final

ae On Seale. : Reading.

Star. |

Line} Reading.

8.9930 | IOI | 10.5325 101.4073

9.4660 9.5560 5

9.0010 10.5415 IOI.4081

WwW | 9.4960 9.5885

9.0065 10.8350 29.5565

9.4955 g-8gI0

9.0035 10.8305 29.5583

9.4905 9.9005

256 . Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, STANDARDS (Continued).

Microm. Readings.

Star.

On Seale.

Line) Reading.

X-COORDINATE.

Circle right 182 26 22, 26 21.

Circle left 26 20, 26 2m.

Final

Reading.

9.5220

9.0155

9.5200

9.0275

9.5305

9.0255

9.5365

9.0235

28 | 10.7230

29| 9.6640

28 | 10.7190

29} 9.6730

IOO | 10.4165

IOI| 9.3510

IOO | 10.4160

I01| 9.3480

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Line| Reading.

28.9631

28.9618

100.8036

100. 8017

Y-COORDINATE.

Circle right 92 26 19, 26 19.

Circle left 26 21, 26 19.

Final

Reading.

10.0550

9.5450

10.0715

9.5290

10.6225

10.1380

10.6440

I0.1185

96.2733

96.2734

20.5681

20.5632

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 257

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, FAINT StTAks, X-cOORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1806, Jan. 3.

Temperature, 65.0, 64.0.

Runs, +.0180, +.0200.

Microm. Readings.

Line

On Seale.

Reading.

fo} é a / ‘é

Circle right 182 26 20, 26 20.

Circle left 26) 212612 2%

Final

Reading.

WwW

I0o

IoI

10.2205

10.1650

10.2115

10.1570

10.1925

IO. 1560

10.2160

10.1615

9.9095

9.8520

9.9015

9.8420

9-915

9.8590

9.9090

9.8440

10.9980

10.8945

10.9670

10.9125

10.9715

10.8985

10.9500

10.9020

9.9125

9.8645

9.9700

9.8760

10.7850

10.7290

10.8035

| 10.7370

10.5325

10.4890

10.5045

10.4505

28.9611

28.9619

28.9692 |

_ 28.9685 |

| 100.8048 |

100.8029 |

100.8142

100.8095

66.3501 |

66.3491

66.3341

66.3356

92.8206 |

92.8182

92.2519

92.2506

771227,

77.1224

258 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Faint STARS, X-COORDINATE,

( Continued ).

Microm. Readings.

- Final

ae On Seale. . Reading.

Star.

Line| Reading.

| 9.0145 | 59) 10.8215 | 60.2696 |

W | 9.5225 | 60) 10.7845 |

8.9970 10.8170 60.2744

9.5070 10.7745

9.0595 10.2660 | 52.9654

9.5205 10.1710

9.0005 10.2135 52.9671

9.4920 10.1425

9.0485 9.6730 | 26.6750

9.5115 9.5770

9.0050 9.6220 26.6753

W | 9.5140 9.5880

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

259

RESULTS OF THE MEAsuRES, PLATE 16, Faint STARS, Y-COORDINATE.

Date of Measures, 1896, Jan. 4.

Temperature, 64.0, 66.2.

Runs, -+.0200, +.0210.

Circle right 92 26 19, 26 19

Circle left

Ul a

26 19, 26 21.

| Microm. Readings.

Desig. | : Mean Screw Final ,

i ae ae On Seale. Diff. | 5) ee Reading. Obs’r.

Star.

Line| Reading. | |

A 34, E| 9.0150| 96} 9.5495 | 0.5345 | 0.2620| -++.0012 | 96.2632) D.

W | 9.5160 | 96] 10.0295 | 0.5135 | |

E | 9.0170 | 96] 9.5510 | 0.5340 | 0.2628 | +.0012 | 96.2640| D.

W | 9.5165 | 96| 10.0335 | 0.5170 | |

186 E | 9.0085 | 96| 9.5690 0.5605 0.2755 +.0012 | 96.2767) J.

W | 9.4880 | 96} 10.0295 | 0.5415

E | 9.0320} 96) 9.5880 | 0.5560 | 0.2716 | +-.0012 | 96.2728) J.

W 9.5180! 96} 10.0485 0.5305

18m, E | 9.0290 | 20| 10.1620 | 1.1330 | 0.5639 | —.0007 | 20.5632| D.

W | 9.5135 | 20] 10.6360 | 1.1225 | |

EH | 9.0155 | 20] 10.1585 | 1.1430 | 0.5655 | —.0007 | 20.5648) D.

W | 9.5230 | 20| 10.6420 | I.II90 | |

18% E/| 9.0130} 20} 10.1445 | 1.1315 | 0.5661 | —.0006 | 20.5655| J.

W | 9.4850 | 20) 10.6180 | 1.1330 |

E | 8.9850 | 20] 10.1320 | 1.1470 | 0.5684 | —.0006 | 20.5678 J.

W | 9.4935 | 20] 10.6200 | 1.1265

24 p, E | 8.9920 | 69| 9.7005 | 0.7085 | 0.3480 | +.0040 | 69.3520/ J.

W | 9.5180} 69] 10.2015 | 0.6835 |

E | 9.0010 | 69| 9.7045 | 0.7035 | 0.3468 | +-.0040 | 69.3508] J.

W | 9.4785 | 69] 10.1620 | 0.6835 |

188 E | 9.0300} 69] 9.7220 | 0.6920 | 0.3428 -{.0040 69.3468} D.

W | 9.5080 | 69} 10.1870 | 0.6790 |

E | 9.0195 | 69] 9.7105 | 0.6910 | 0.3422 | +.0040 69.3462] D.

W | 9.5175 | 69] 10.1955 | 0.6780

A5, E| 8.9940} 34| 10.8205 | 1.8265 | 0.9074 | —.0006 | 34.9068 | J.

W | 9.4920 | 34] I1.2950 | 1.8030 | |

189 E | 9.0085 | 34] 10.8280 | 1.8195 | 0.9062 | —.0006 | 34.9056; D.

W | 9.5250 | 34] 11.3305 | 1.8055

A6, E|8.9910| 57| 10.8785 | 1.8875 | 0.9364 | -+.0024 | 57.9388| J.

W | 9.4985 | 57] 11.3565 | 1.8580 |

190 E | 9.0220 | 57] 10.9020 | 1.8800 | 0.9351 | +.0023 | 57.9374| D.

W | 9.5195 | 57] 11.3800 | 1.8605 |

A II, E| 9.0160| 70} 9.7595 | 0.7435 | 0.3686 | +-.0039 | 70.3725 | D.

9.5215 | 70| 10.2525 | 0.7310 |

191 E | 8.9910} 70} 9.7385 | 0.7475 | 0.3702 | -++.0co40 | 70.3742| J.

W | 9.4970 | 70} 10.2305 | 0.7335 |

260 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

1 Oran

=) Se

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Fatnt Stars, Y-cOORDINATE.

—( Continued ).

Star.

Microm. Readings.

Line} Reading.

On Seale.

Final

Reading.

9.0195

9.5140

8.9970

9.4985

9.0430

9.5300

8.9830

9.5060

9.0330

9.5340

8.9930

9.5040

108} 9.5615

10.0580

9-5495

10.0295

9.8350

10.3105

9.7735

Io. 2905

10.7220

II.2175

10.6880

I1.1950

108.2727

108.2698

55-3950

99-3957

61.8447

61.8481

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

261

RESULTS OF THE Muasurss, PLATE 16, Faint Stars, X-cOORDINATE

(Rev'd).

Date of Measures, 1896, Jan. 6.

Temperature, 61.8, 69.0.

Runs, +.0190, +.0190.

Circle right 2 26 20, 26 22.

Circle left

26) 22,26) 2G,

Microm. Readings.

rere On Scale. pi, | Mean | ha'Diy. | Final | oper.

Star. On 2 Error. | Reading.

Star.

Line} Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5100 | 101 | II.0410 | 1.5310 | 0.4034 | —.O001 | 101.4033 | D.

W | 9.0100 | Tol | 9.0925 | 0.0825

E | 9.5450 | IOI | 11.0685 | 1.5235 | 0.3984 | —.ooo1 | 101.3983 D.

W | 9.0300 | IOI | 9.1000 | 0.0700

195 E | 9.4940 | ror} 11.0385 | 1.5445 | 0.4076 | —.ooo0r | 101.4075) J.

W | 9.0050 | IOI} 9.0910 | 0.0860

E | 9.5110 | IOI | 11.0410 | 1.5300 | 0.4038 | —.o00I | 101.4037; J.

W | 8.9890 | Ior | 9.0740 | 0.0850

18 m, FE | 9.5115 | 29/| 11.3415 | 1.8300 | 0.5545 | +.0005 | 29.5550| OD.

W | 9.0165 | 29/] 9.4045 | 0.3880

E |} 9.5105 | 29} 11.3410 | 1.8305 | 0.5556 -+-.0005 | 29.5561 OD.

W | 9.0155 | 29] 9.4075 | 0.3920

196 E | 9.4920 | 29] 11.3125 | 1.8205 | 0.5548 | +.0005 | 29.5553| J.

W | 9.0090 |} 29) 9.4075 | 0.3985

E | 9.5005 | 29} 11.3270 | 1.8265 | 0.5575 | +.0005 | 29.5580] J.

W | 8.9860} 29] 9.3895 | 0.4035

24 p, E| 9.5060} 64} 10.2710 | 0.7650 | 0.5232 | -++-.00o41 | 64.0273 J.

W | 8.9920 63) 10.3200 | 1.3280

E | 9.4990} 64} 10.2505 | 0.7515 | 0.5190 | -++-.0041 | 64.0231] J.

W | 8.9945 | 63} 10.3190 | 1.3245

19% E | 9.5255 | 64| 10.2925 | 0.7670 | 0.5224 +.0040 | 64.0264] D.

W | 9.0165 | 63] 10.3390 | 1.3225

E | 9.5115 | 64) 10.2715 | 0.7600 | 0.5198 | ++-.0040 | 64.0238; D.

W | 9.0130 | 63] 10.3320 | I.3190

A5, E| 9.5120} 37] 11.3295 | 1.8175 | 0.5501 | +.0016 | 37.5517| J.

W | 8.9930 | 37| 9.3760 | 0.3830

198 E| 9.5560| 37 | 11.3690 | 1.8130] 0.5511 | +.0016 | 37.5527| D.

W | 9.0265 | 37| 9.4180 | 0.3915

A6, E| 9.5025 | 38) 10.4660 | 0.9635 | 0.6210) +.0008 | 38.1218| J.

9.0035 | 37 | 10.5240 | 1.5205

199 E| 9.5360) 38) 10.4995 | 0.9635 | 0.6229} +.0008 | 38.1237] D.

W | 9.0425 | 37) 10.5705 | 1.5280

A II, EJ 9.5240} 53] 10.7490 | 1.2250 | 0.7534 | +.0005 | 53.2539] OD.

W | 9.0320 | 52] 10.8205 | 1.7885

200 E | 9.5050} 53/| 10.7250 | 1.2200 | 0.7529 | +.0005 | 53.2534) J.

W | 8.9960 | 52) 10.7875 | 1.7915

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, December, 1896.—18.

Me ss)

262 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

RESULTS or THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Faint STARS, X-cOORDINATE

(Rev’d).—( Continued ).

Microm. Readings.

On Seale.

Star.

Line| Reading.

9-5435 10.4790 79. 1075

9.0150 10.4960

9.4910 10.4200 70.1022

9.0135 10.4795

9.5405 11.0675 77.4060

9.0415 9.1225

9.5035 | 77 | 11.0325 77-4069

9.0020 9.0850

9.5270 9.6475 103.6989

9.0240 9.6975

9.4775 9.6045 103.6994

9.0025 9.6715

ioe) ae

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 263

RESULTS OF THE MEASURES, PLATE 16, Faint Stars, Y-COORDINATE.

—(Rev’d).

Date of Measures, 1896, Jan. 7.

Temperature, 60.2, 66.0. Circle right 272 26 20, 26 20.

Runs, +.0200, +.0200. Circle left 26 20, 26 20.

Microm. Readings.

Desig. F Mean | Screw Final

ale. Diff. —— 0 : "T.

ae oy ota 2 |SuODW.| Reading, | Ob"

Star.

Line | Reading.

A 34, E | 9.5205 | 34] 9.7105 0.1900 | 0.0980 |+.0017 | 34.0997] OD.

W | 9.0085 | 34] 9.2105 0.2020

E | 9.5220 | 34] 9.7100| 0.1880/| 0.0969 |+.0017 | 34.0986) D.

W | 9.0205 | 34] 9.2200] 0.1995

204 E | 9.5080} 34] 9.7050] 0.1970} 0.1026 |+.0017 | 34.1043] J.

W | 8.9900} 34] 9.2035 0.2135

E | 9.4595 | 34| 9.6605 | 0.2010] 0.1022 |+.0017| 34.1039] J.

W | 8.9575 | 34] 9.1655] 0.2080

18 m, 9.5170 | 109 | 11.1120 1.5950 | 0.8025 |—.0003 | 109.8022} D.

9.0185 | I09| 10.6335 1.6150

9.5035 | 109 | 11.0955 1.5920 | 0.8016 |—.0003 | 109.8013 | D.

9.0300 | 109 | 10.6445 1.6145

205 9.5275 | 109| 11.1285 | 1.6010| 0.8099 |—.0002 | 109.8097 | J.

8.9890 | 109 | 10.6275 1.6385

9.5245 | 109 | 11.1220 1.5975 | 0.8070 |—.0003 | 109.8067 | J.

9.0090 | 109 | 10.6395 1.6305

9.4975 | 61| 9.4980} 0.0005 | 0.0102 |+.0040/] 61.0142| J

8.9900 | 61] 9.0305 0.0405

9.4800} 61] 9.4725 | —0.0075 | 0.0102 |+.0040| 61.0142| J

8.9920 | 61] 9.0405 0.0485

9.5430} 61} 9.5480] 0.0050] 0.0098 |-++.0040| 61.0138| D.

9.0410 | 61] 9.0750 0.0340

9.5070 | 61] 9.5075 0.0005 | 0.0088 |++-.0040 | 61.0128} D

9.0400 | 61] 9.0745 0.0345

—SesuSsusn Suse sdese

A5, E| 9.5000} 95/ 10.4290} 0.9290| 0.4668 |++.0007 | 95.4675| J.

W | 9.0145 | 95| 9.9525 0.9380

207 E| 9.5100] 95) 10.4345| 0.9245| 0.4646 |+.0006 | 95.4652| D.

W | 9.0265 | 95| 9.9605] 0.9340

A6, E| 9.5235 | 72) 10.3795 0.8560 | 0.4335 |+.0028 | 72.4363| J.

W | 9.0055 72) 9.8835 0.8780

208 E | 9.5270| 72| 10.3800| 0.8530} 0.4389 |-+.0027 | 72.4416| D.

W | 9.0315 | 72) 9.9340} 0.9025

A II, E| 9.5300} 59/ 11.5250 I.9950| 0.5019 |-+.0031 | 60.0050] D.

W | 9.0345 | 60] 9.0470 0.0125

209 E | 9.5090) 59| 11.4735 | - 1.9645 | 0.4909 |+.0031 | 59.9940] J.

W | 9.0005 | 60] 8.9995 | —o.0010

264 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

REsvULTS OF THE MEAsuRES, PLATE 16, Farnt Stars, Y-COORDINATE

(Rev’d).—( Continued ).

Microm. Readings.

Desig. ; Screw :

of On Scale. Diff. SRO eran Final Obs’r.

Star. Oa a ID Le 2 Error. | Reading.

tar.

Line| Reading.

A 26, E | 9.5285 | 22| 9.7310 0.2025 | 0.1060 |-++.0007 | 22.1067] D.

W | 9.0280} 22]: 9.2495 0.2215

210 E| 9.4900} 22] 9.6860] 0.1960] 0.1020 |+.0008 | 22.1028| J.

W | 8.9985 | 22] 9.2105 0.2120

A 27,E| 9.5440! 74) 11.5065 1.9625 | 0.9815 |-+.0c013| 74.9828) D.

W | 9.0470 | 74) 11.0105 1.9635

211 E | 9.5165 | 74] 11.4730] 1.9565 | 0.9790 |+.0013 | 74.9803 | J.

W | 9.0035 | 74) 10.9630} 1.9595

A 36, E | 9.5370} 68} 10.5845 1.0475 | 0.5250 |+.0015 |} 68.5265) D.

W | 9.0580 | 68) 10.1105 1.0525

212 E| 9.4810} 68} 10.5315 T.0505 | 0.5261 |+.0015 | 68.5276; J.

W | 9.0055 | 68} 10.0595 1.0540

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 265

7. We take up next the instrumental corrections which must be

applied to the observations, so as to obtain the true rectangular

coordinates of the stars on the plate. These corrections are two

in number, the angle correction and the scale correction. The

angle correction is needed because it was not possible to turn the

plate through an angle of exactly 90° when passing from the

measurement of one coordinate to that of the other. The angle

through which the plate was turned could always be made very

nearly 90°, and its amount could also be measured with very high

precision, but it was impossible to make it exactly 90°, within

the limits of measurement by the position circle microscopes. A

correction is, therefore, needed to make the measured coordinates

truly rectangular with respect to each other.

The scale correction has been already mentioned. It is simply

a correction proportional to the measured coordinate, of such a

magnitude as to make the difference of codrdinates of the standard

stars constant on all days when measures of the coordinate in

question were made.

The circle readings were reduced in the following way: The

number of separate positions in which codrdinates were mea-

sured on each plate was eight: These were as follows:

I, x-coordinate.

2. y-coordinate.

3. x-coordinate, reversed.

4. y-coordinate, reversed.

5, 6, 7, 8. The same in the special standard star measures,

made for the purpose of securing uniformity of scale value in both

coordinates.

As an example of the angle measures, let us take those for plate

16, which were as follows, each number being, of course, the mean

of all the readings taken in one position of the plate.

I. 182° 26/ 21’ x-codrdinate.

2. 92° 26/ 22’’ y-codrdinate.

3. 2° 26/ 20'’ «x-codrdinate, reversed.

4. 272° 26’ 20’ y-codrdinate, reversed.

. 182° 26/ 21’ «x-codrdinate, special standard star measures.

6. 92° 26’ 20’ y-codrdinate, special measures.

. 2° 26/ 20’ x-coodrdinate, special measures, reversed.

? 5)

8. 272° 26’ 20’ y-codrdinate, special measures, reversed.

Yy ») b)

iG)

LS)

266 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

It is clear that if we had been able to turn the plate exactly 90°

each time, all the above readings of minutes and seconds would

have been exactly equal to the mean given at the foot of the

column. If we let:

@) +7 be the mean of all the readings, omitting the degrees,

@ be the reading actually obtained in any case,

then 7 will be the correction required by the reading actually

obtained, to reduce it to what it should have been. In some

cases it was more convenient to use as the standard reading to

which the actual readings are to be reduced, some number which

was nearly equal to the majority of the readings instead of the

arithmetical mean of all. In this way 7 was generally made

quite small.

Having obtained the value of 7, we can proceed to the correc-

tion of the measured coordinates. Let:

Ls, Ys, Ls ,Ys, be the codrdinates obtained for the two standard

stars in the special measures made for the purpose of

getting a uniform scale value for both codrdinates.

x,y, x’, y’, be the corresponding codrdinates of the same standard

stars in any set of measures.

2,,1, be the values of 7 belonging to the special standard measures

and the other set of measures.

To get the true distance between the standard stars parallel

to the # and y-axes, we must correct the ones obtained directly:

from the special standard measures by adding:

to x; —as’, the quantity — (y; —ys’) is sin 17’

to ys — ys’, the quantity + (#:—4as’) 7s sin 1/7

In making these special standard measures in two coordinates the

greatest care was taken to insure the complete elimination of

temperature effects by using the principle of repetition in the re-

verse order, and by making all the measures in a consecutive

series on one day. Consequently, we may assume that the cor-

rected «,— ax,’ and y,—y,’ are measured at the same tempera-

ture, and are, therefore, expressed in the same unit of measure.

This unit of measure is of course the mean millimetre of the scale

at the mean temperature of the day on which the special standard

Permanence of the Ruther furd Photographic Plates. 267

measures were made. Since it is immaterial what the absolute

length of our linear unit may be, we shall assume that the cor-

rected values so obtained for 7,—«,’ and y,— y,’ in these special

standard measures are the true values of these quantities. Here-

after, in speaking of «,— a,’ and y,—y,’, we shall always mean

the corrected values of these quantities obtained from those di-

rectly measured in the manner just explained.

For any other set of measures, in which we find the values to be:

2—x', a",

the corresponding position circle error being 7, we must calculate

the corrections as follows.

To correct for the angle error, we must add to every measured

az, the quantity :

—iysin 1//

and to every measured y, the quantity :

+ iasin1.//

To correct for the scale errors, we must add to every measured

xz the quantity :

oa!

2 c= Vs —«2's );

and to every measured y, the quantity :

VES )

I— :

y( Ys — Ys!

It is to be noted that in using these formule the proper signs

must be affixed to the measured values of the coordinates. These

measured values are obtained by simply subtracting the scale-

reading obtained for the central star from the scale-reading ob-

tained in the measure of any other star. The signs given to the

x and y obtained in this way depend on the following rule:

The x-coordinate of a star is positive if the right ascension of

the star is greater than that of the central star. The y-codrdi-

nate of a star is positive if the star is nearer than the central star

to the North pole of the heavens.

The following Table gives the values of the quantity:

Zsin 1// x 10!

for each of the plates measured. Plate 16 appears twice in the

268 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Table, because, as has already been stated, a number of faint stars

were measured on this plate, after the work originally projected

had been finished. The faint star measures were reduced in ex-

actly the same manner as the others, treating them quite inde-

pendently. Quantities belonging to the faint stars will be found

in the Table in the line numbered “ 16 f” in the first column.

ANGLE CORRECTION FACTOR.

Correction Factor, 7 sin 1/’ X 104

Star Measures. Special Standard Measures.

x rey’d. i x rey’d. | yrey’d.

26/ 20// -0000 ‘ -0000

26 20 —.0485 .0000

43 42 +.3878 —.0485 | +-.0970

2752 —.0485 -0000 | -++.1939

BOM .0000 —.0485

Proceeding now with the further reduction of the special stand-

ard measures, we have in the following Table the computation of

the corrected values of the quantities :

Us—WUs Me Ys —Ys Hs

The Table needs little or no explanation. The numbers in the

last column, headed “‘ Adopted Mean,” are the final corrected

values, reduced to the same unit of measure, in the manner de-

scribed above. The rotation numbers refer to the former table

containing the results of the measures. The quantities for plates

16 and 16 /f are of course the same, as it was not necessary to

make the special standard measures a second time on the same

plate.

-O0000

-0000

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 269

REDUCTION OF SPEcTAL STANDARD MEASURES.

Scale Reading.

Coor-

dinate.

A 34 18 m

173,174 | 28.9624 | 100.8026 | 71.8402

171,172 | 101.4077 | 29.5574 | 71.8503

175,176 | 96.2734 20.5656 | 75.7078

169,170 | 34.1000 | 109.8025 | 75.7025

71.8398 | 71.8450

71.8503

75-7978 | 75-7052

75-7025

ooofs

o0OO

173,174 | 28.9624 | 100.8026 | 71.8402

171,172 | 101.4077 | 29.5574 | 71.8503

175,176 | 96.2734 | 20.5656 | 75.7078

169,170 | 34.1000 | 109.8025 | 75.7025

_71 8398 | 71.8450

71.8503

75-7078 | 75-7052

75-7025

71.7348 | 71.7319

71.7290

75.8191 | 75.8200

75.8209

21,22 29.2054 | 100.9409 | 71.7355

23,24 | 101.1554 | 29.4260 | 71.7204

19,20 94.9802 | 19.1614 | 75.8188

25,26 35.3816 | 111.2032 | 75.8216

sao |eat=a |e

ON NOBRY

85,86 32.7652 | 104.5176 | 71.7524

83,84 97.6076 ; 25.8464 | 71.7612

87,88 93.0331 | 17.2642 | 75.7689

81,82 37.3382 | 113.1101 | 75.7719

71-7531 | 71.7572

71.7612

71.7679 | 71.7692

71.7795

| |

71.7266 | 71.7259

71.7252

75-7893 | 75-7906

75:7919

-b

129,130; 27.9004 | 99.6263 | 71.7259

127,128 | 102.4740 | 30.7484 | 71.7256

131,132} 93.9676 | 18.1783 | 75.7893

125,126 | 36.4047 | 112.1966 | 75.7919

OoOof

The reductions are continued in the next Table. The numbers

in the columns “ Stars Codrdinate” are obtained from the Table

containing the original measures, by simply subtracting the scale

reading corresponding to the central star from that belonging to

the star in question. In doing this, of course the means of the

measures were used, both for the central star and for the other;

the very small angle corrections were computed in the manner

already explained. The quantity in the column headed “ Differ-

ence ” ought to be equal to the quantity corresponding to it in

the column ‘‘ Adopted Mean” of the preceding Table. Any ex-

cess has been taken to be caused by a change in the temperature

of the scale between the days when the special standard measures

and the other measures were made. Such differences are set

down in the column “ Excess over Adopted Mean.” The last

column is headed “‘ Correction Factor,” and gives the factor by

which each of the coordinates as measured must be multiplied, in

270 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

order to get the scale correction, which must be added to the

measured coordinate. This factor is computed by dividing the

quantity in the column “Excess over adopted mean” by the

quantity in the adjacent column headed “ Diff.”

CoMPUTATION OF SCALE CORRECTION FACTORS.

Star’s Codrdinate, and Angle

Cour: Correction.

dinate.

A 34 18 m

—34.4636 71.8400

—34.4680 71.8420

+48.7850 75-7939

+48.7859 75-7011

—34.4656 71.8423

—34.4691 71.8468

+48. 7837 75-7035

+48.7912 75-7034

133,134 | +37-3767

151,152 | +37-:3740

142,143 | —26.9182

160,161 | —26.9152

Of OR

177,178 | +-37-3770

195,196 | +37.3780

186,137 | —26.9202

204,205 | —26.9122

ONHH

— 34.3981 | — 5 | 71.7332

—34.3955 71.7310

+ 48.8400 75.8250

+-48.8404 8 | 75.8197

71.7508

71-7574

75-7649

75-7658

I,2 37-3343

27,28 | +37.3326

10,II | —26.9846

36,37 | —26.9810

Lal

+144 411

34.4183

—34.4193

+48.8156

+-48.8137

89,90 | +-37-3296 —34.3932

107,108 | +37.3314 © | —34.3936

98,99 | —26.9631 +48.8246

116,117 | —26.9622 +48.8281

45,46 | +37.3393

63,64 | +37.3384

54,55 | —26.9479

72,73 , —26.9528

| +++

BNI HW On OW

% O OM (SSS 2

sail

71.7257

71.7250

75-7877

75-7997

(e)

iS)

8. The foregoing calculations put us in possession of all the

materials needed for the reduction of the measures of the several

stars treated in the present research. The following Table con-

tains the computation of the final adopted coordinates of all these

stars. The corrections applied in the Table to the mean measured

coordinates are the angle correction already explained, and the

scale correction. This latter is obtained, as we have already

stated, by multiplying the correction factor contained in the last

column of the preceding Table by the codrdinate whose correc-

tion is sought. The final adopted values in the last column are

simply the means of the corrected results, as given in the preced-

ing column for the direct and reversed positions.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 271

Coor-

dinate. |

Puate 16.

Measured

Cooérd.

Correction.

Angle.| Scale.

Corrected

Coordinate.

Adopted

Value.

+37-3767

37-3740

—26.9182

—26.9152

— 34.4636

—34.4680

+ 48.7850

+48.7859

— 5.9612

— 5.9698

+27.4081

++27.4075

+ 1.0661

+ 1.0642

—13.7014

—13.6991

+ 2.0184

+ 2.0112

+ 11.7433

+11.7462

+16.2146

-+16.2122

—47.0560

—47.0546

29.0284

29.0265

—I5.1591

—I5.1544

+47.8795

+47.8718

+26.5550

+ 26.5608

Of O-H

+26

+16

++ 44

Ow on

OHORH

OW OH Onon OOO0OH8 OOOH8H

ononrn

+37-3792

37-3756

—26.9I191

—26.9167

—34.4658

—34.4694

+ 16.2155

-++16.2129

47.0579

—A47.9571

-++29.0303

“29.0277

—15-1597

—I5.1552

+47-8830

+47.8738

26.5550

+26.5622

137-3774

—26.9179

—34.4676

-+-48.7873

— 5.9658

--+27.4088

+ 1.0652

—13.7007

+ 2.0150

-FII.7452

+16.2142

—A47.0570

-+29.0290

—I5-1574

+47.8784

26.5586

272

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Coor-

PLATE 16.

dinate.

Measured

Coord.

FAInt STARS.

Correction.

Angle.

Corrected

Coordinate.

Adopted

Value.

+37-3770

+37-3780

—26.9202

—26.9122

—34.4656

—34.4691

+-48.7837

+48.7912

—26.4772

—26.4736

+34-4428

+34.4526

—25.9090

—25.9024

-LII.4109

11.4252

—10.7804

—1I0.7716

— 1.0244

— 1.0143

+ 6.0702

-++ 6.0796

—38.9222

—38.9090

+13-3760

Pe tell

ONNN ONHH

OHNND

Coon Oo

OHHH

+++] +++]

0 OWs Wo AO

OHOO

+r ||

I ae

OoONN

RvHOMN WDwwWU WOONN

OHHH

tee ae eee |p

Onood

37-3783

+37-3779

—26.9206

—26.9128

—34.4667

—34.4680

+48.7846

+48.7924.

—26.4780

—26.4721

+34.4435

+34-4534

—25-9099

—25.9017

+II.4111

+ 11.4255

—10.7808

—I0.7713

— 1.0245

— 1.0143

+ 6.0702

+ 6.0792

—38.9231

—38.9099

13-3766

-+13.3810

13.9540

+13.9681

+39.6685

+ 39.6730

+ 7.5030

=> Fea

+37-3776

—26.9167

— 34.4674

+48. 7885

—26.4750

+34.4484

—25.9058

+11.4183

—10.7760

— 1.0194

+ 6.0747 |

—38.9165

+13.3788

+13.9610

+39.6708

+ 7.5082 |

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 273

Co6r-

dinate.

PLATE 18.

Measured

Coord.

Correction.

Angle.

Seale.

Corrected

Coord.

Adopted

Value.

137-3343

+37-3326

—26.9846

—26.9810

—34.3981

— 34.3955

+48.8400

+-48.8404

— §-9294

— 5.9256

-+27.4096

+ 27-4154

+ 1.0421

+ 1.0461

—13.7172

—1I13.7118

+ 2.0377

-- 2.0349

11.7374

+11.7421

+16.1402

+ 16.1398

—47.0814

—47.0841

+ 29.0033

-- 29.0036

—I5.2122

‘| 15.2096

+47.9234

47.9257

+26.4767

+26.4782

+(++ 414+ + [|

HOU HOW H OOMNH

[++ |

H COuN~r

tH ios)

H COM H Nv OO

TP le lao hela

hae

HO 00

+37-3339

37-3341

—26.9830

—26.9802

—34.3980

—34.3978

+48.8370

+48.8398

— 5.9296

— 5.9268

+27.4078

++ 27.4154

| + 1.0422

++ 1.0466

—I13.7163

—I3.7119

+ 2.0376

+ 2.0344

+11.7366

-+- 11.7422

+16.1404

+16.1418

—47.0784

—47.0839

-|-29.0030

29.0046

—I5.2113

—1I5.2090

+47.9222

+47.9253

+-26.4748

+26.4795

37-3340

—26.9816

—34-3979

48.8384

— 5.9282

27.4116

++ 1.0444

—I13.7141

-+ 2.0360

+11.7394

+16.1411

—47.0812

-+29.0038

—I5.2102

+47.9238

426.4772

274

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Co6r-

dinate.

PLATE 22.

Measured

Coord.

Correction.

Angle.

Corrected

Coordinate.

+37-3393

+37-3384

—26.9479

—26.9528

—34.4183

—34.4193

+48.8156

+-48.8137

— 5.9416

-+27.4098

+ 27.4056

+ 1.0501

+ 1.0488

—13.7084

—13.7070

+ 2.0238

+ 2.0233

+11.7408

++ 11.7372

+16.1613

16.1635

—47.0635

—47.0687

29.0108

-+-29.0085

—15.1865

—15.1876

+-47.8982

--47.9002

-+26.5150

-+26.5080

jee ed

HH HO Ww by U1 EN os)

ee ee

OOHH

ett

Nonun

+]4++ +11 |

NO HW WD AHH

137-3392

+37.3382

—26.9501

—26.9536

—34.4180

—34-4190

+48.8191

+48.8156

— 5.9413

— 5§-9415

27.4115

27.4067

+ 1.0500

+ 1.0487

—13.7092

—13.7076

+ 2.0239

+ 2.0234

11.7415

-+-11.7377

-+16.1609

+16.1633

—47.0665

—47.0706

29.0109

+ 29.0083

—15.1880

+47.8988

+47.9002

+26.5156

26.5097

Adopted

Value.

+37-3387

—26.9518

—34.4185

+48.8174

— 5.9414

+27.4091

++ 1.0494

—13.7084

+ 2.0236

+ 11.7396

+16. 1621

—47.0686

-+29.0096

—15.1880

+47.8995

+26.5126

,, ie

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 275

PLATE 24,

Correction.

Coor- Rot’n|} Measured Corrected Adopted

Star. dinate. | No. Coord. Coord. Value.

Angle. | Scale.

A 34 % 89 | +37-3296 | +10 | + I | +37.3307 | +37-3313

z, rev. | 107 | +37-3314 © | += 5 | +37-3319

y 98 | —26.9631 o | —Io0 | —26.9641 | —26.9632

Y, Lev I16 | —26.9622 | — 2 oO | —26.9624

18 m a 90 | —34.3932 | —19 | — I | —34.3952 | —34.3946

Z, Tev 108 | —34.3936 o | — 4 | —34.3940

y 99 | +48.8246 o | +19 | +48.8265 | +48.8274

Y, Lev 117 | +48.8281 | + 2 o | +48.8283

A I2 x 92 | -— 5.9245 | —II o | — 5.9256 | — 5.9252

x, rev IIo | — 5.9248 o | — I |— 5.9249

y Ior | +27.4103 o | +10 | +27.4113 | +27.4112

Y, Lev 11g | +27.4112 fo) o | +27.4112

A 22 x 93 | + 1.0443] +- 5 o | + 1.0448 | + 1.0456

%, Tev III | + 1.0463 fo) o | + 1.0463

y Io2 | —13.7120 Oo | — 5 | —13.7125 | —13.7101

Y, TeV 120 | —13.7077 fo) oO | —13.7077

A 24 x 94. + 2.0306 | — 5 o | + 2.0301 | + 2.0306

%, Tev I12 | -+ 2.0312 fo) O | + 2.0312

y 103, | +11.7366 o} + 5 | +11.7371 | +11.7378

Y, TeV T2r | -+11.7385 fo) oO | +11.7385

A 28 x 95 | +16.1429| +18 o | +16.1447 | +16.1434

2%, rev 113 | +16.1418 o | + 2 | +16.1420

y 104 | —47.0765 o | —18 | —47.0783 | —47.0771

y, Tev 122 | —47.0758 | — I O | —47.0759

A 30 ae 96 | +28.9922| + 6 | + 1 | +28.9929 | +28.9948

“, rev. | II4 | +28.9964 o | + 4 | +28.9968

y I05 | —I5.1950 o | — 6 | —15.1956 | —15.1936

Y, TeV 123 | —15.1914 | — I O | —I5.1915

A 39 % 97 | +47.9140 | —I0 | + I | +47.9131 | +47.9130

%, TeV. 115 | +47.9122 fo) +47.9128 |

y 106 | +26.5082 o | +10 | +26.5092 | +26.5092

y, rev. | 124 | +26.5095 | — 2 oO | +26.5093

276 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

9. From the final adopted values of the codrdinates given in

the last column of the preceding Table, the position angle and dis-

tance of each star with respect to the central star were computed,

The computation was made by means of the following formulae,

in which s and p designate distance and position angle:

ssinp==«#

scosp=y

The results of the new measures obtained in this way are set

down in the next Table, side by side with the corresponding re-

sults of the measures obtained under Mr. Rutherfurd’s direction,

soon after the plates were made. These values were taken from

my paper on the Pleiades without the application of any correc-

tion whatever. For the position angles the Table gives the direct

discordance of the old and new measures, the same quantities

corrected by the addition of a constant, and finally in the last

column, the discordance expressed in arc of a great circle. These

final values are obtained from the numbers in the preceding col-

umn by multiplying each by the sine of the distance of the star

in question from the central star.

In the case of the distances, the old measures are expressed in

terms of the glass scale of Rutherfurd’s machine, while the new

measures are in millimetres. It was therefore necessary to find

the ratio of the space of the Rutherfurd scale to the millimetre of

the scale of the Repsold machine. In the case of each plate the

ratio adopted was obtained by dividing the sum of the old meas-

ures by the sum of the new ones. The sums used in this way are

set down in the Table. The fifth column gives the new measures

reduced to the old Rutherfurd scale by means of the ratio so ob-

tained. The differences in the next to the last column are there-

fore also expressed in terms of the Rutherfurd scale. In the final

column they are given in seconds of arc, using for the ratio of the

Rutherfurd scale to the second of arc the value:

1 division of the Rutherfurd scale = 98/7.01.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 277

PLATE 16.

Position Angle. Old Measures minus New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. Obs’d. Corr’d. In See.

125 44 50 Zio 6.00

324 44 44 5 Onn .06

347 42 26 , —48 .O1

175 32 20 | .O4

9 43 12 | on =e Be -02

160 58 36 | i = =O )| .08

leeaey 25 | —48 | .02

60 58 28 | —29 41

SAL CORSE SY ONS

NASO0OOMUW ND

Distance. | Old Measures minus

New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. | New Meas.

Ru. Seale. Millimetres. | Ru. Scale. Seale. In Sec.

a“

86.9490 46.0613 86.9532 : | —0.12

112.7634 59.7346 112.7654 2 | — .06

52.9467 28.0505 52.9530

25.9518 13.7421 25.9420

22.5020 I1.9168 22.4962

93-9548 49.7721 93.9585

61.8204 32.7479 61.8207

103.3588 54.7512 | 103.3579

560.2469 296.7765

Se SSE ON

NIBOOOUWDS

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, January, 1897.—19.

278 | Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

PLATE 16. ‘‘ Farnt Stars.”

Position Angle. | Old Measures minus New Measures.

l Art| |

Old Measure. |New Measure. | Obs’d. Corr’d.

e) / di 4 “ld ‘

125 44 50 | AS B2 tae

324 44 44 45 36 ape

322 26 27 22 —77

293 46 47 10 —61

264 35 35 45 Sil

jie 7 41 = B0.

43 46 46 48 —48

79 15 16 55 9

Bo AND VON WO) ONS

MAUMOHOHWDN |

Distance. | Old Measures minus

Oe Les aulls ee Bale) New Measures.

Star. Mag

| Old Measure. | New Measure. | New Meas. |

| Ru.Scale. | Millimeters. Ru.Seale. | Scale.

A 34

A 5 |

mr)

All |

A 26 |

86.9490 46.0608 86.9544 —.0054 |

112.7634 59.7353 T12.7695 —.0061

82.0217 43.4467 82.0197 +-,0920

53.4466 28.3106 53-4454 + .00I2

20.4362 10.8241 | 20.4340 + 0022

74.3612 39-3877 | 74.3570 | +.0042

A 27 36.5050 19.3365 36.5040 | -+.0010

A 36 76.2216 | 40.3750 | 76.2208 | +.0008

Sum 542.7047 287.4767

DCO O00 NI

mam On OHWN

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 279

PpateE 18.

Position Angle. Old Measures minus New Measures.

7] am |

125 48 26 51 22 | —2

—0. 24

Old Measure. | New Measure. Obs’d. Corr’d. | In Sec.

er |

324 48 4 | 50 32 —2 | | .12

84704 8) NG iS) ctor | -40

175 35 48 80042 5) 2 | .06

9 47 46 50 21 —2 | -0O

I6I 2 13 ANG5 "| 2 .18

117 36 56 AOB25 ea 3 | -45

61 2 22 | 4 48 —2 -14

SOI IIT Hs

NH OO OUW ND

Distance. Old Measures minus

New Measures.

New Measure. | New Meas.

Ru. Scale. Millimetres. | Ru. Seale.

86.9566 46.0636 | 86.9640 _

112.7787 59.7363 | 112.7768 |

52.9521 28.0453 52.9471

25-9632 13.7538 25.9660

22.5045 I1.9146 | 22.4938

93-9590 49.7711 93-9635 |

61.8324 32.7502 | 61.8296

103.3596 54-7515 | 103.3660 —

560. 3061 296.7864

SHIA AA

NIB O0O OMNW Wb

280 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

PLATE 22.

. Position Angle. Old Measures minus New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. Obs’d.

125 49 57 49 21 +0 36

324 49 17 48 52 +-O 25

347 47 2 46 Io +0 52

Wy Bo BS 37 21 +0 14

9 46 36 | 46 49 9) Ig

I6I 317 | 2 56 +o 21

117 38 54 38 4 +0 50

6I 3 5 2 9/ +o 58

BIS SEO

NIB OOCOMNWN

Distance. Old Measures minus

New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. | New Meas.

Ru. Seale. Millimetres. Ru. Seale. Seale.

86.9402 | 46.0497 | 86.9310 | +.0092

112.7456 59.7309 112.7579 | —.O123

52.9402 28.0457 = 52.9436 | —.0034

25.9606 | 13.7485 | 25.9539 | --0067

22.4920 | 11.9127 22.4884 | -+.0036

93-9419 49.7660 93.9465 | —.0046

61.8146 32.7450 | 61.8148 | —.0002

103.3512 54-7475 | 103.3504 | -+.0008

560.1863 — 296.7460

SCO SU SSNS

SIR OOCOMNBD

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 281

PLATE 24.

Position Angle. | Old Measures minus New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. Obs’d. Corr’d.

125 50 23. | 50. 22"

324 50 28 50 I9

347 49 5 48 9

175 38 27 38 20 |

9 49 34 48 53

161 4 28 | 4 21

II7 39 16 39 18 |

6r 3 15 2 43

Pe CO

IB OOOMNWN

Distance. | Qld Measures minus °

New Measures.

Old Measure. | New Measure. | New Meas. |

Ru. Seale. Millimeters. | Ru. Seale. Seale. | In See.

86.9350 |. 46.0503 86.9358 | —.0008 | —0.02

I12.7509 59.7251 | 112.7517 | —.0008 | .02

52.9480 28.0443 | 52.9432 | -+- | 5 TR

25-9598 13-7499 | 25-9577 | -t- | ae soe

22.4990 II.9121 | 22.4882 : | 30

| 93-9391 49.7681 93-9544 . -43

61.7977 32.7345 | 61.7976 | ; .0O

103.3731 54-7575 i 103.3736 | —. .OI

560.2026 296.7418

BUSES ISIE ONES

NIB OOONWnD

10. The final result of the whole research is contained in the

following Table, which requires little or no explanation. It may

be well to repeat, however, that the discordances in position an-

gle have been corrected by a constant, so as to make the sum of

the discordances zero for any given plate. This is equivalent to

correcting the orientation of the plate in its holder, soas to make

it the same for the old and new measures. The position angle

discordances were turned into arc of a great circle, by multiplying

each discordance by the sine of the distance of the star in ques-

tion from the central star. This operation has caused the sum of

the position angle discordances to differ somewhat from zero in the

Table. The distance discordances have also been computed

in such a way as to make their sum zero.

282 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

Finat TABLE OF DISCORDANCES,

RUTHERFURD MEASURES minus NEW MEASURES.

Plate 16. | Plate 18, Plate 22. Oe Plate 24.

“Ante. | Dist. | Angle.| Dist. ee Dist.

} Ranh) _| 3

Wu di 7] | Ms Hy 3

A 34) 0.00 .I2 —o. , 07 | ‘Sg ae i

18 m — .06|— .o6,+ .12/4 . .08 |— .34 |— .14 02 |

OI : WADI 51) Si) 27 13 |

.O4 27/—. : s .19 |— .04 .06

16 | .I0|+ .07 30}

.13 lace -14|— .43

-OI |— .17 .00 |

.02|-+ .20 .O1

bea lS MES URS ta LON S|

NHOOONWN

WMO OGOO AN

AMNOnOHWN

If we regard the numbers in the above Table as residuals we

get by the formula

jefe

the values:

r == 0O/.16, for the distances,

r == + 0/’.19, for the position angles.

As these numbers involve the uncertainty of both the old and the

new measures, we may draw the conclusion that the positions of

the individual stars on the plates are determined by either set of

measures with a mean error which will not differ much from 0/’.1.

We may further conclude that measures of the Rutherfurd

plates made at the present time will furnish results practically

identical with those that would have been obtained if the Pe

had been measured twenty years earlier.

Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates. 283

NOTES.

Note on Pror. JAcoBy’s PAPER ON THE REDUCTION OF STELLAR

PuHotrocrapus. (Annals Vol. IX. p. rot.)

M. Prosper Henry has kindly pointed out (Bull. du Com.

Perm. Tome 3) that the above paper contains an inconsistency,

inasmuch as I have used the true declination of the centre of the

plate instead of the apparent declination in computing the trans-

formation tables. The very slight effect of this might be neg-

lected, were it not for the fact that it can be taken into account

fully by slightly changing my refraction formula for #. The

changes required are:

page 104, line 8,

for:

M,=/ (1 + H* — G tan 0) sin 1’,

put:

MB (1 + H?) sin v’”,

page 104, line 15 from bottom,

dele:

tan / = tan 9

page 104, line 14 from bottom,

for :

wi = 6 cos 9 sec (? — 0) sec O sin 1//

put:

wi =ksin 1”,

284 Permanence of the Rutherfurd Photographic Plates.

page 104, line 13 from bottom,

for :

wz =} P sin 2p sec” (¢— 0) sec 0 cos (1 +0) cosecl sin? I sin 1//,

put:

w, = B cos? sec ?(9 — 0) sin? I” sin I’,

for:

[1.1308 — 10]

put:

[1.7328 — 10].

These changes in the refraction formule cause the discordances

between the results of M. Henry’s reduction and my own to dis-

appear almost completely.

Another small quantity which I neglected, and which appears

to have been neglected also by M. Henry, arises from the quantity

c, or the error of centreing the plate in declination. It is easy to

see that the values of Ac obtained in my paper require the cor-

rection :

d Aa=-+ ¢ A; (a@seed).

VI.—Coleopterological Notices.

VII.

BY THOS. L. CASEY.

Read Noy. 16, 1896.

All taxonomic investigation, in fields touched upon in the fol-

lowing studies, must be more or less imperfect at the present stage

of knowledge of the arthropod fauna of the world. This can be

brought prominently into evidence, if we consider the usual pro-

portion of previously described species contained in any inde-

pendent collection subsequently made, in any particular group

and over the same geographic area. Although this new collec-

tion may comprise several times the number of species previously

known, it is virtually safe to say that there will be a considerable

proportion of the latter unrepresented. In this way we may be

enabled to foretell in a measure the real extent of the particular

eroup in any given region.

For example, the revision of the Scydmenide, which is inelud-

ed below, makes known some 175 species as inhabiting the United

States. If an independent collection were now formed, contain-

ing 175 species, it would probably include at least 75 not men-

tioned in this revision. The next independent set of 175 would

include perhaps 10 per cent. less of unknown forms, or say 68,

the next 6]; then in succession 55, 50, 45, 41, 37, 33, 30, 27, 24,

22, 20,18, 16,14, 18, 12,11, 10, 9,8, 7, 6,5 and 4, making a total

of 721, which, added to the original 175, would indicate about

896 species. This, of course, is an almost purely fanciful suppo-

sition, and yet it is possibly not so very far wide of the truth,

judging from isolated sets of species received from time to time.

There should be but little hesitation in stating that there are

within the American continent, north of Mexico, about 1,000

species of Scydmenide, 2,000 of Pselaphidx, 10,000 of Staphyl-

inidz and 80,000 of the order Coleoptera. As a corollary to this

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., 1X, February, 1897.—20.

286 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

we might go further, and, in giving to the Palearctic fauna a like

number of 80,000 species, the tropics of both hemispheres 450,-

000 species, and to Australasia and temperate South America and

Africa 90,000, state a total for the Coleoptera of the world of

700,000. Going still further, if we add to this 600,000 Hymenop-

tera, 600,000 Diptera and 900,000 of all other orders, we have as a

grand total for the Insecta of 2,800,000, which almost bafiles belief,

and yet this estimate does not greatly differ from several others

which have been suggested.

There will, of course, always be argument and dispute as to

what proportion of these are really species, and what so-called

races or varieties, but this is a question which need not especially

interest us at present, in view of the perfectly arbitrary meaning

usually attached to these terms. Species,as meant in this connec-

tion, are aggregates which differ morphologically from each other

in several constant and evident structural characters, and we can

proceed by no other criterion than this in our determinations,

- until life-histories and other purely biologic matters can be inves-

tigated.

To those who believe that there must necessarily be a large

amount of structural difference between species in the Insecta,

no better object lesson could be cited than that afforded by the

genus Lachnosterna, where forms mutually so very similar as to

be formerly lumped together in almost every cabinet, were shown

some time since to have their complicated genitalia so arranged

as to even prohibit sexual union. Another equally cogent exam-

ple occurs in the genus Reichenbachia, where the species would

be mutually undistinguishable, in many cases, were it not for modi-

fications of the male antennze, so radivally divergent as to pro-

claim beyond peradventure their specific distinctness. In arrang-

ing my collection of Brazilian Barini, I have frequently been

astonished at the approximation of species in external form and

facies, there being several instances where forms are mutually

almost inseparable from a dorsal point of view, yet wholly dif-

ferent in the sculpture of the under surface or in some other

remarkable special manner.

These examples are cited in order to assist in counteracting, to

some extent, if possible, a somewhat general movement in favor

of a subdivision of biologic forms into species, races and varieties

on wholly arbitrary assumptions. No doubt, future knowledge

Vn ee a

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 287

will prove some of our present concepts to be correct, but when

forms differ structurally, great caution should be exercised in draw-

ing conclusions regarding the real nature or degree of relation-

ship. The movement referred to is a natural and salutary reflex

caused by the light shed by Darwin on the universality of varia-

tion and origin of species, but the variation alluded to by Darwin

is very different from that which it is often assumed to be, and

has reference solely to minute differences in definite directions due

to gradual changes in environment, not to radical and constant

divergence of form or special structure. In the opinion of the

writer there is no real distinction between species and what are

generally known as geographic races, when these differ morpho-

logically to any evident extent; species are created in this way,

and it merely becomes a question of time when divergence has

reached such a stage as to call for a special designation. As for

the term variety in its generally accepted meaning, it has no right

to exist, and is simply a burden to nomenclature.

It is impossible to express the true status of every morpholog-

ical entity; even the most isolated species are known to differ

greatly among themselves in the amount or nature of their adher-

ence to a fixed type, in their individuality, or in their dynamics,

so to speak. At the present stage of knowledge it would there-

fore be the better course to recognize only species—that is, aggre-

gates of individuals, which differ constantly from each other in

well defined structure, even though intermediates known or sus-

pected may not have yet been entirely exterminated in the com-

mon border lands—and synonyms, the latter including a large

number of forms which at present come under the category of

varieties, especially those founded upon color variations, which,

in view of the rapidly increasing multiplicity of known species,

should never be dignified by name. In other words, the time has

not yet arrived for a trinomial nomenclature in the Insecta. The

employment of three words to express subspecies or varieties of

Species, is not to be condemned so much from any inherent de-

fect—since we must all admit that it has certain manifest advan-

tages—as from the fact that it opens the door to names involving

more than three words. If we go beyond the essential two words

of the binomial system, there is absolutely no reason for stopping

there, and it can readily be imagined into what confusion the ex-

pression of a race of a variety of a subspecies of a species by this

288 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

means would gradually lead us; but the whims of certain authors.

admit such refinement of classification in the genus Carabus, and

perhaps others. When we know something of the true laws of

relationship it will be time enough to devise some means of ex-

pressing them, perhaps by trinomials, quadrinomials or quinque-

nomials, or perhaps by some simpler exponential method, in which.

the longest names will not stand for the most unimportant forms..

NORFOLK, VA., July 21, 1896.

CICINDELID &.

OMUS Esch.

The major part of the species of this genus adhere very closely

to acommon type of organization, and are more or less difficult.

to discriminate among themselves. They are uniformly noctur-

nal in habits and black in color, this being relieved in rare cases.

by a slight metallic reflection. The intromittent organ of the

male conforms to the general asymmetric type of the Cicindel-

idee, but is stouter and less acuminate than in Cicindela. Be-

sides the sexual character relating to the anterior tarsi, which

distinguishes this genus from Amblycheila, it should be stated

that there are but two supraorbital setigerous punctures in the lat-

ter genus, while in Omus these punctures are three or four in

number. The following table embraces all the species known to-

me :— ; '

Elytra feebly punctato-rugose and dull, with large distant foveole; pronotum

with the lateral margin somewhat explanate and more broadly reflexed,

not attaining the base ; body very stout, black, with feeble submetallic-

LOMA Y ACU ME oa oc. s ccsnoeesvwensstesecsqueatee es feeeeene ce eneeeee dejeani Rche.

Elytra deeply or more clearly punctate, the scattered foveole small and much

less conspicuous ; pronotum not explanate at the sides, the margin nar--

POWAY TEMS.) oc wcjeesick a cial acsicielcbietelsiene aisle wectinlelaelels ve snide deck eck ee ean aes eee Renae 2

Elytra smooth and dull in lustre, impunctate throughout, the scattered foveo-.

Tee FESO Ae ce scesecies ve enacie peda cgsicdiasisiee ne ten telat See Voce ee eb eteee eee eee eee 14

2—Body black, without metallic lustre..............s0¢.so--4ssceseoseceeec eee seeeeeeeeee 3

Body black with bronze Tustre..... 2.5.20. cs .cceeer see ses cancer ence eeeeeeecee ae aeeeee 13.

3—Lateral margin of the prothorax distinctly reflexed, imperfectly attaining

the base, the sides almost straight and strongly convergent from apex to-

base; nearly as me CANG isc. wciec ns caceie sutes oncideovioe seuesions deosilnsedeeeideceeseeetias 4

Lateral margin fine and but slightly reflexed..................c..0ssseseeeeeeeee seen eee 5.

AK phat titel

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 289

A—Labrum bisinuate at apex,, the median lobe broadly rounded and mod-

erately advanced............ BESS aC RUSE CORE Car RCE RCCe RR recs enece edwardsi Cr.

Labrum more deeply bisinuate, the median lobe more prominent, with its

apex transversely truncate ; elytra narrower, more elongate and more

foaralle ebesere Oscars.) atuetee aaeenda set ca deuce taganeeees montanus nt. sp.

«—The marginal bead attaining the base, though frequently more or less im-

perfectly so, either as a specific or individual peculiarity..................... 6

‘The marginal bead obliterated well before the base................c.0csceceeereeeees 12

G—Sides of the prothorax very feebly convergent from apex to base and nearly

straight ; elytra short and strongly rounded at the sides ; general form

very stout ( hornianum W. Horn, fide G. H. Horn) ............ horni Lec.

Sides of the prothorax distinctly convergent from the apex.................-..0.0++ 7

7—The sides nearly straight or at most feebly arcuate behind the middle ...8

The sides strongly rounded behind the middle .................. ...ceceseceeeeeeeeees 11

S—Labrum bisinuate, the median lobe more prominent than the sides......... 9

Labrum nearly truncate ; pronotal sculpture moderately feeble.................. 10

9—Elytral punctures separated throughout the greater part of the surface.

Pronotum smoother, the vermiculate sculpture more obliterated.

Antenne normal.

Base of the prothorax nearly 34 as wide as the apex ; body rather stout.

Jugubris n. sp.

Base slightly more than 14 as wide as the apex ; body smaller and

ANAIEO WET sa etats sien st aie icedisic's pe ses Ga sisiew sist wens a'esicus’s punctifrons n. sp.

Antenne decidedly stouter ; form nearly as in leconte?, but with the elytra

widest at or behind the middle......................... ambiguus Schpp.

Pronotum and head more or less deeply vermiculato-rugose, the rugosity

variable in COATSENESS ..............2.0s0eeeeeceeeeeesceeers californicus Esch.

Elytral punctures close-set and confluent nearly throughout.

confluens n. sp.

10—Elytra widest before the middle, more pointed toward apex ; body mode-

TEMAS EME ES er Sean eke sx sieibsnus na ia Gaels cui acesseansoudses lecontei Horn

41—Labrum nearly truncate, the median lobe very feeble and broadly rounded;

sculpture of the head and pronotum deep and vermiculate as in califor-

MUCUS aatireey. cd cnmtsan eh Noe «ue astads aguacantelsaldaod aclesetedhabtttis cisaen sculptilis n. sp.

Labrum deeply bisinuate, the median lobe more advanced ; sculpture of the

pronotum feebler and more obliterated.

Form stout. Southern Sierras................scsececeeeeecenees sequoiarum Cr.

Form slender. Sea-coast regions of California.............. elongatus n. sp.

12— Body rather slender, the pronotum feebly sculptured and with the con-

verging sides nearly straight toward base.................. audouini Rche.

4iS—Elytra broader posteriorly, the form nearly parallel ; side margin of the

pronotum not attaining the base..................... submetallicus Horn

14—Elytra regularly oval in form ; body rather stout ; side margin of the

pronotum attaining the base. ............cssssccecscecsecoecccocssecense laevis Horn

In being strictly peculiar to the Pacific coast regions west of

the crests of the Sierras, Omus is as characteristic in the Cicin-

290 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

delidz as Brennus is among the Carabide, and the species of the

two genera are about equally differentiated. The Pacific coast

affords other instances of endemic genera which include numerous

feebly differentiated species, such as Coniontis, and it is possible

that all three of the types mentioned may be moderately ancient

migrants from the Asiatic continent, which have become multi-

differentiated at present, because of the numerous isolated local

environments of those broken coast regions, but feebly so, as a

rule, because of the geologically recent character of the lands

west of the Sierras.

The new forms mentioned in the table are briefly described

below.

0. montanus.—Somewhat narrow, elongate and subparallel, deep black

and shining, Head feebly rugose, the median parts of the front nearly

smooth ; frontal impressions moderate ; labrum deeply bisinuate, the six setig-

erous punctures large and deep, the median lobe advanced and truncate ; an-

tennz 14 as long as the body, moderately stout toward base, the third and

fourth joints feebly constricted near the middle. Prothorax between 4

and 1g wider than long, rounded laterally at the apex, the sides rapidly con-

vergent and very feebly arcuate thence to the base, the latter very indistinctly

margined and % as wide as the apex ; surface broadly and feebly convex,

finely and feebly vermiculato-rugose, the side margins reflexed, more deeply

at basal fifth or sixth ; median line very fine. Hlytra rather feebly convex,

elongate, evenly oblong-oval, widest at the middle, scarcely more than 44 wider

than the prothorax and 2% times as long ; sides parallel and feebly arcuate ;

punctures moderately fine, rather sparse toward the middle but denser near the

sides, feeble and scarcely closer toward apex ; foveole indistinct. Length ¢

15.5-17.5, ¢ 16.5-18.0 mm. ; width ¢ 5.5-6.0, 2 6.0-$.7 mm.

California (Placer Co.).

Allied to edwardsi, but narrower and more elongate, with less

convex male elytra, and with a distinctly different structure of

the labrum as indicated in the table. The description is taken.

from the male, the female being a little more ventricose and with

more convex elytra.

O. Lugubris.—Moderately stout, deep black and somewhat dull through-

out. Head much narrower than the prothorax, unevenly and not strongly

rugose, the median parts of. the front finely and sparsely punctate ; labrum

deeply sexpunctate, bisinuate, the advanced median lobe truncate ; antenne

fully 44 as long as the body, relatively slender, gradually attenuated as

usual, the third and fourth joints very feebly constricted at the middle.

Prothorax relatively rather large, obtrapezoidal, the sides moderately con-

vergent and almost straight from near the extreme apex to basal fifth, thence

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 291

rapidly rounded to the base, which is coarsely and rather distinctly beaded ;

side margins fine and acute; surface broadly and very feebly convex, finely

and feebly vermiculato-rugose and dull ; median line fine, more distinct near

the base. Elytra rather ventricose, oval, fully #{ wider than the prothorax

and about 21% times as long ; sides arcuate as in californicus ; punctures deep,

moderately coarse, isolated, closer and rather smaller near the sides and apex ;

foveolz not well marked though visible. Length § 17.5mm. ; width 6.7mm.

California.

The two males before me are without more accurate indication

of locality and represent a distinct species between californicus

and hornt. The elytra of the twospecimens differ conspicuously

in form, in one having the greatest width well before the middle

and arcuately narrowing thence to the ,apex; in the other they

are widest at the middle, but there is apparently no other dis-

tinguishing feature. The fine side margins of the prothorax do

not perfectly attain the base, and the basal angles are extremely

obtuse.

0. punctifrons.— Moderately ventricose and rather feebly convex, deep

black, somewhat dull. Head moderate in size, rather feebly rugulose, the

median parts of the front sparsely punctate ; labrum bisinuate, the median

lobe somewhat advanced and truncate ; setigerous punctures moderate in size;

antenne scarcely 14 as long as the body, rather slender and but slightly atten-

uate toward apex, the basal joint notably thicker, third and fourth joints

broadly constricted at the middle. Prothorar obtrapezoidal, 13 wider than

long, widest at apical fourth, where the sides are rounded, the latter rather

strongly convergent and very feebly but evenly arcuate thence to the basal

margin, the fine lateral margin attaining the basal bead, the latter only evident

toward the sides; surface broadly and feebly convex, flattened toward the

middle, feebly vermiculato-rugose, the rugosities rather large ; median line

very fine. Elytra 44 longer than wide, 7, wider than the prothorax and 214

times as long, widest at the middle ; surface moderately convex, coarsely and

deeply but not very closely punctate, the foveole not conspicuous. Length

14.5 mm.; width 5.5 mm.

California.

This species is allied somewhat to californicus but is smaller,

broader, more ventricose and less convex, with much feebler ru-

gulosity of the anterior parts of the body and a shorter and more

‘transverse prothorax. It is represented by a single female from

an unrecorded part of the State.

0. confluens.—Rather stout and feebly convex, distinctly dull, deep

black. Head moderate in size, finely and feebly rugose ; median parts of the

front finely punctate, the impressions moderate ; labrum bisinuate, deeply

sexpunctate, the median lobe moderately advanced and truncate ; antennze

292 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rather more than 14 as long as the body, not very stout, moderately attenu-

ated, the basal joint thick and obconic and the third and fourth joints broadly

constricted near the middle as usual. Prothorax 14 wider than long, rounded

laterally and widest at apical third, the sides thence rather strongly convergent

and feebly but evenly arcuate to the basal angles, which are slightly obtuse

but not very blunt ; lateral margin attaining the basal bead, the latter only

visible toward ‘the sides; disk broadly and feebly convex, finely and feebly

vermiculato-rugose, the median line fine. Elytra short, scarcely 144 longer

than wide, #5 wider than the prothorax and 2% times as long, widest at the

middle, the sides evenly arcuate ; lateral margin distinctly reflexed, more

broadly and conspicuously toward base; disk moderately convex, rather coarsely,

closely and subconfluently punctate, the foveole small. Length 14.0 mm.;

width 5.5 mm.

California.

The single female before me represents a species rather closely

allied to the last but differing in its shorter, more densely pune-

tured elytra and more elongate prothorax, the latter being more

broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly. From californicus it

differs in its shorter and broader form,in sculpture and in having

the lateral margins of the elytra conspicuously reflexed toward

base ; it is from an unrecorded part of the State.

O. sculptilis.—Moderately slender, strongly convex, shining and deep

black. Head moderate in size, deeply and closely vermiculate, the front

tugose throughout and not punctate; impressions moderate; labrum almost

truncate, the median lobe very broadly and evenly arcuate, the lateral sinua-

tions feebler than usual, the six setigerous punctures strong; antennz moderate,

fully 45 as long as the body, distinctly attenuate. Prothorav scarcely more

than 14 wider than long, the sides moderately convergent from apex to base

and broadly and rather evenly arcuate throughout, widest toward apex as

usual; side margins attaining the basal bead, which is traceable entirely across

the surface, as is also a line anterior to the base and another, broadly angulate,

behind the apex; basal angles obtuse but not rounded; surface strongly con-

vex, deeply and closely vermiculato-rugose throughout; median line fine but

distinct between the transverse lines. Elytra evenly suboblong-oval, widest

at the middle, fully 44 longer than wide, 25 wider than the prothorax and 214

times as long, the sides feebly arcuate but more strongly near base and apex;

margin finely reflexed; punctures strong and not confluent; foveole small.

Length 16.0 mm.; width 5.6 mm.

California.

The only representative was taken by the author in the coast

regions north of San Francisco; it isa male and represents a

species allied to, and considerably resembling californicus, espe-

cially in sculpture, but differing in the rounded sides of the pro-

thorax and feebly lobed labrum.

Cree |

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 293

O. elongatus.—Elongate and but feebly ventricose, strongly convex,

shining and deep black. Head slightly narrower than the prothorax, rather

feebly rugose, the rugosities large; front not at all punctate toward the mid-

dle, the sublateral impressions rather strong and oblique; labrum strongly

bisinuate, but with the median lobe only moderately advanced, very broadly

arcuate and unevenly undulated, the punctures coarse and deep; antennze

moderate in thickness, attenuate toward tip, rather more than 1% as long as

the body. Prothorax somewhat more than 14 wider than long, the sides mod-

erately strongly convergent from apex to base and broadly, almost evenly arcu-

ate throughout, the lateral marginal line attaining the basal bead, the latter ob-

literated at the middle; ante-basal and post-apical transverse lines distinct;

disk rather strongly convex, feebly vermiculato-rugose, the median line fine.

Elytra evenly elongate-elliptical, widest at the middle, ?¢ wider than the pro-

thorax and obviously more than 214 times as long; sides evenly arcuate; re-

flexed margins fine, rather broader toward base; surface strongly convex,

moderately coarsely and deeply and rather sparsely punctate, the foveolz small

but quite distinct. Length ¢ 16.5-17.5, 2 16.5 mm.; width ¢ 5.6-5.9,

California (near San Francisco). Mr. Dunn.

The description is drawn from the male, the female being more

ventricose as usual, with the elytra much more shouldered at base

and apparently more strongly punctured. This species differs

from lecontez in having the elytra evenly elliptical and widest at

the middle, and, from ambiguus, with which it is apparently most

closely allied, it seems to differ in its less stout antenne, less promi-

nent basal angles of the prothorax and more rounded sides of the

latter. Ambiguus is described in an entirely insufficient manner,

the few diagnostic characters given being purely comparative.

DROMOCHORUS Guer.

This genus, which was considered a connecting bond between

the Mantichorini and Cicindelini by Lacordaire, differs from Cicin-

dela, not only quite radically in facies, but in the vesti-

ture of the legs and antenne, the legs and tarsi being clothed

throughout with fine decumbent hairs and the second and third

joints of the antenne having numerous fine subdecumbent hairs

in addition to the sets, which pubescence is altogether lacking in

Cicindela. In general the structural characters are similar to

those of Cicindela, but the tibial spurs are much shorter and

the body is wingless with rounded humeri. In all the species

known to me the labrum is black with a rounded pale spot at the

middle; they may be identified as follows from the males :—

294 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Elytra with green foveole in a series near the suture and also irregularly dis-

posed: (maga Lec: i. ateid. ete as ee cee Pilatei Guér.

Elytra without green foveole.

Elytra dull but smooth, finely but very distinctly punctured, with a series of

fine non-metallic foveole on each parallel to the suture.

sericeus D. sp.

Elytra densely dull, very indistinctly punctured.

Elytra evenly cylindric-oval, widest at the middle ; body deep black.

belfragei Sallé

Elytra much wider behind the middle ; body black, with strong and

rich violaceous reflection...............-.seseeseeeeeeeeee pruininus nt. sp.

Dromochorus is peculiar to Kansas, Louisiana and Texas, pre-

sumably extending well into Mexico. O%cindela celeripes and

cursitans of LeConte probably constitute a distinct genus, and

are not considered at the present time.

D. sericeus.—Subcylindric, strongly convex, deep black throughout,

with a steel-blue metallic reflection only on the head behind and especially be-

neath the eyes. Head wider than the prothorax, the eyes prominent; surface

with fine and feeble longitudinal rugz, glabrous ; three labral teeth strong

and acute; antennz slender, more than 44 as long as the body, the joints

5-11 extremely minutely and densely pubescent. Prothorax just visibly wider

than long, somewhat narrower at base than at apex, slightly constricted be-

hind the latter ; sides very feebly arcuate ; median and transversely angular

lines fine and feeble; surface sparsely clothed with decumbent hairs on the

flanks. Scutellum triangular, wider than long. Elytra nearly twice as long as

wide, about 3 times as Jong as the protherax and %4 wider, widest near

apical third ; surface glabrous, granulato-reticulate. Length 11.5-13.0 mm.,

width 3.7—4.4 mm. :

Texas.

The two males before me are distinctly larger than the single

female, and, in the latter, the elytra are relatively shorter.

D. pruininus.— Moderately ventricose, deep black and dull velvety in

lustre, with strong violaceous reflection throughout. Head much wider than

the prothorax, the eyes prominent ; ruge of the vertex very feeble and only

visible toward the eyes ; labral teeth moderate ; antennz slender, but little

more than 14 as long as the body. Prothorax feebly constricted near the base and

apex, the former very much the narrower ; surface dull and sculptureless, with

feeble impressed lines and lateral vestiture as in sericeus. Flytra distinctly less:

than twice as long as wide, wider posteriorly, the punctures ' fine, feeble and

not well defined, the punctiform foveole obsolete. Length 12.0-14.0 mm. ;

width 4.0-4.4 mm.

Kansas.

Similar to belfragez but larger and stouter, with the elytra

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 295

broader posteriorly and with a strong violet reflection. The de-

scription is taken from the male; the single female in my cabinet

is larger and stouter with the elytra broader and less dilated be-

hind, but not relatively shorter than in the male. Three speci-

mens.

CICINDELA Linn.

While it must be admitted that the numerous species of Cicin-

dela present problems of great interest and difficulty to the tax-

onomist, it must be stated in the interests of fact, that the treat-

ment applied thus far to our representatives of the genus has been

of a very unsatisfactory kind. The paper of Mr. Schaupp (Bull.

Bk. Ent. Soc.), which is that upon which our present synonymy

rests, is superficial and betrays besides a certain lack of scien-

tific acumen at times, so that a more complete revision is almost a

matter of necessity. The fact that a considerable number of de-

scribed forms are undoubted synonyms is not sufficient reason

for the indiscriminate and unweighted lumping there applied.

Ground color is generally unimportant, but at times becomes of

value. Markings are variable as a rule, but are in many cases sur-

prisingly constant, and much careful study should consequently

be exercised in determining the relationships of allied forms, since

more or less special criteria must be applied in different parts of

the series. Sculpture is important as a rule, but has been unac-

countably disregarded by Mr. Schaupp, as, for example, in the

cases of abdominalis and scabrosa, which are distinct species and

not varietal forms of one. General form of the body, though

usually a useful specific character in this genus, has been fre-

quently neglected, as, for instance, in combining obsoleta and vul-

turina, and form and sculpture have both been overlooked in

combining sexgutata and patruela, which are abundantly distinct

species.

In scutellaris both ground color and degree of marking are

very variable, and it is virtually certain that the varieties of this

species now recognized are truly color variations, which ought not

to have received distinctive names, especially since similar varia-

tions in ground color may appear in a large number of species.

Very different, however, is the case of purpurea and its allies,

where most of the forms united as varieties should be regarded

-ather as closely related species; two of them indeed—decemno-

296 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

tata and splendida—are undoubtedly entirely valid as species.

Cimarrona is more elongate in bodily form than purpurea, and

is probably a distinct species, very variable within itself in ground

color and degree of marking. Limbalis Klug, from which limba-

lis Lec. does not differ perceptibly, is a very distinct and constant

subspecies, in which the median band reaches the margin without

the least tendency to spread longitudinally in any example known

to me. Graminea Schpp., is also a good subspecies, generally

above the average in point of size. The following are two addi-

tional subspecies of the purpurea type which do not seem to

have been alluded to hitherto :—

C. Jauta.—Similar in form to purpurea, but still shorter and a little more

depressed, green, the head and prothorax with a slight coppery reflection, the

legs polished, metallicand paler green, the elytra dull, of a deep and very rich

sericeous green with a vivid blue lateral border. Markings as in the typical

purpurea, a transverse and moderately reflexed median dash, not attaining the

sides, and a small sutural remnant of the apical lunule. Prothorax very

short.and transverse, about twice as wide as long. Front sparsely punctate

_and having erect blackish setze ; labial palpi black. Length 11.0-14.0 mm. ;

width 4.4-5.8 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

This very beautiful form may be recognized at once by its

coloration, which appears to be quite constant, and also by its

very short and transverse prothorax. The anterior tarsi of the

male have the first three joints increasing in width, the third

quite strongly dilated and much less than twice as long as wide;

in this structural character it differs noticeably from purpurea.

C. plutonica.—Form nearly as in purpurea, but more elongate and

rather more convex ; body, legs and palpi intense black throughout ; labrum

pale, with a fine dark apical margin ; mandibles with the usual white external

dash. Head deeply concave between the eyes, the frontal convexity punctured

and more densely pubescent. Prothorax nearly as wide as the head, fully %

wider than long, nearly as in purpurea throughout. Elytra oblong, about 14

longer than wide, the intrahumeral impression at base very deep ; punctures

rather coarse but shallow, becoming sparse at base, with the subsutural series

of punctiform fovez distinct. Length 13.5 mm. ; width 5.2 mm.

California (Placer Co.). .

The anterior tarsi of the male have the first three joints quite

strongly dilated and somewhat increasingly so from the base, the

third joint distinctly less than twice as longas wide. The elytra

are smooth along the lateral margins, but the only white macula-

tion is a small subsutural remnant of the apical lunule; the punc-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 297

tures are, however, subeffaced in a transverse and feebly reflexed

line at the usual position of the pale median band of purpurea.

The following species may be placed near purpurea for the

present :

C. denverensis n. sp.—Smaller, narrower and more elongate than pur-

purea ; body pale and vivid emerald green throughout, without trace of cop-

pery reflection and with barely a trace of bluish tinge along the elytral mar-

gins. Head with erect white vestiture, especially dense as usual on the

frontal declivity ; labial palpi with the second joint pale ; labrum tridentate.

Prothorax less than 44 wider than long, distinctly narrower than the head ;

impressed lines deep; surface minutely and densely vermiculato-rugose ;

pubescence long and erect at the sides. Elytra oblong, % longer than wide,

the sculpture and markings as in purpurea, except that the middle transverse

dash is reduced to a small transverse spot near the lateral margin ; apical

lunule incomplete. Length 11.0 mm. ; width 4.6 min.

Colorado (Denver).

Abundantly distinct from the other forms which are more or

less closely related to purpurea, by its elongate outline, pale

second joint of the labial palpi and other characters. From

pusilla it differs in its entirely dark tibiz and complete absence

of any form of humeral marking. ‘The first three joints of the

anterior male tarsi are narrowly and subequally dilated, the third

joint more than twice as long as wide.

C. depressula n. sp.—Moderately stout, somewhat depressed, feebly

shining, bright green, the head and prothorax in part with & feeble coppery

reflection ; humeral lunule generally wanting, sometimes represented by a

small spot near the basal fourth, not extending to the margin ; post-median

transverse spot slender, feebly dilated at its extremities, strongly reflexed and

attaining posterior third near the suture, not attaining the margin; apical

lunule represented by two small detached spots. Head moderate in size, mi-

nutely strigato-rugose, the front not at all pubescent ; labrum short and trans-

verse, nearly 3 times as wide as long, imperfectly tridentate, the lateral teeth

in the form of feeble arcuations, and sometimes virtually obsolete ; antennze

slender, moderate in length ; labial palpi pale, the apical joint black. Pro-

thorax fully as wide as the head, 34 wider than long, minutely and densely ru-

gose, the impressions deep and of a dark violet blue ; pubescence sparse and

only partially erect at the sides. lytra oblong, gradually slightly wider be-

hind, scarcely 14 longer than wide, the intrahumeral impression distinct ;

punctures coarse, deep, moderately close, nearly uniformly distributed, slightly

asperate and tinged with a cobalt reflection. Legs metallic green, the tro-

chanters black. Length 12.0-14.0 mm.; width 4.7-5.4 mm.

California (Placer Co.).

May be placed near senilis, differing in coloration, in its stronger

298 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

sculpture, smaller and more transverse prothorax, and in the form

and position of the elytral markings, the transverse reflexed line

being finer, less reflexed and more posterior in position.

C. echo n. sp.—Rather narrow and convex, dark coppery brown, the punc-

tures of the elytra blue or greenish-blue ; under surface and legs metallic

bluish-green. Head moderate in size, deeply and finely strigato-rugose and

bald ; labrum imperfectly tridentate, the lateral teeth very short and rounded ;

labial palpi pale, the third joint black ; antenne slender. Prothorax not quite

as wide-as the head, #5 to 14 wider than long, almost cylindric and only slightly

narrowed at base, the white pubescence abundant but subdecumbent on the

flanks ; impressions deep ; surface minutely but deeply rugose. lytra dis-

tinctly wider toward apex, 14 longer than wide, coarsely, rather closely and

almost uniformly punctured ; intrahumeral impression narrow, rather deep

and with coarser punctures ; white maculations broad, consisting of a complete

humeral lunule, which intrudes but little upon the disk behind, a transverse

and strongly reflexed line, attaining the margin at the middle and almost at-

taining the suture behind apical third, and a complete apical lunule. Length

10.8-12.0 mm.; width 3.9-4.7 mm.

Utah (Great Salt Lake).

This species also belongs to the sentlis group, and differs from

that species in its narrower form, more cylindrical prothorax,

more metallic coloring, form of the elytral markings and in the

much less dilated basal joints of the anterior male tarsi. The

male is much less stout than the female.

' C. inquisitor n. sp.—Rather stout, moderately convex, feebly shining,

coppery-brown in color; elytral markings as in sperafa, except the median re-

flexed band which is more even, less angularly reflexed and situated at a

greater distance from the end of the humeral lunule, the latter relatively much

shorter and less oblique; under surface metallic greenish, the legs coppery

green. Head broad with the eyes very prominent, feebly strigato-rugose,

finely and sparsely punctured anteriorly, the pubescence white, sparse, decum-

bent and consisting of very short and stout hairs; labrum, mandibles, palpi

and antennz nearly as in sperata.. Prothorax nearly 144 wider than long, par-

allel, constricted at apex and more feebly near the base, the sides between the

constriction and the base notably protuberant; impressions rather feeble; sur-

face dull but almost smooth, minutely and feebly creased. Elytra oblong, 14

longer than wide; sides parallel and almost evenly arcuate; apex oblique, the

subapical angles prominent but obtusely rounded; surface evenly convex, the

intrahumeral impression feeble, with the feveole small; punctures moderately

coarse, finer toward the suture, nearly as in sperata and having a similar blue

color. Under surface densely pubescent toward the sides, the legs very slender.

Length 14.0 mm.; width 5.2 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The present species is allied closely to sperata but is stouter,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 299

with a broader head, still more prominent eyes and more protu-

berant sides of the prothorax at the basalangles. The female has

the external angulation near the apex of the elytra rounded, while

in sperata this angle is acute, even inclining slightly backward at

the extreme apex.

Of dorsalis, of which saulcyi is evidently more than a variety,

I have before me a strongly marked subspecies from an unre-

corded locality. This has the elytra in the male more elongate,

with the punctures much coarser and denser and the dark mark-

ings fine and incomplete, the posterior arcuate dash not bent in-

ward to the suture but fine, even, very feebly arcuate and ending

at the middle of the width behind apical third; the middle longi-

tudinal dash is much less broadly hooked anteriorly, and, anterior

to this, there is only a small point of dark color in the intrahu-

meral impression. In size it is larger than the average dorsalis,

being 14.0 X 5.8 mm.in measurement. It may be named semipicta.

Of repanda, also, I have before me representatives of a sub-

species from El Paso, Texas, which may be called unijuncta. It

is smaller and narrower than repanda, as compared male to male,

with a relatively larger prothorax and smaller elytra, the white

maculation of the latter nearly similar but broader, the median

band broadly expanded at the margin, uniting with the humeral,

but not with the apical, lunule; the punctuation of the elytra is

coarser and stronger. The dimensions of the male are 10.0 X 3.8

mm. The species allied to repanda are very carelessly discrimi-

nated at present in our published lists; hirticollis, for example,

is a quite distinct species, and has for a well marked geographic

race ponderosa; 12-guttata is also distinct as a species from

either repanda or hirticollis.

Willistont is certainly distinct from fulgida sade is not a variety

as marked in the Henshaw list; it more nearly resembles latesig-

nata. Imperfecta is a perfectly isolated species and not a variety

of cinctipennis. Several other corrections should be made in the

synonymy of Cicindela, which lack of time prohibits for the

present.

CARABID.

OMOPHRON Latr.

The genus Omophron, although remarkably isolated among

its nearest relatives of the Carabide, is composed of species

300 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

which are rather numerous, and, at the same time, comparatively

feebly differentiated among themselves; this fact becomes still

more notable when we consider the wide geographic range of the

genus. To account for these conditions we must of course as-

sume a very extensive extinction of intermediate types, requiring

considerable geologic time. In a genus whose species enjoy

wide range of environment, this lapse of time would, in nearly all

cases, bring about marked structural divergence among its com-

ponents, and the peculiar uniformity characterizing Omophron,

can be accounted for only by the universal habit of burrowing in

clean sand at the margin of water, which causes the environmental

conditions to be practically identical throughout the territorial

range. Heterocerus is another somewhat similar instance, the

environment being more varied however in this case by ample

and ready powers of flight.

Our species have been totally neglected since the revision of

them by Dr. Horn twenty-six years ago (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 1870,

p- 71), and, as several new forms have been since discovered, the

suggestion of a new tabular arrangement would appear to be

desirable; this is presented below :—

Form broadly and evenly elliptical, the sides of the elytra and prothorax form-

ing a continuous are; elytral striz 15 in number........................2.2000 2

Form less evenly elliptical, the sides of the elytra discontinuous in curvature

with those of the probthoOrax.% 5<: sere ccccedesenecis er= >= sb -ee-pset eestor eee 3

2—Strie punctured only toward base, the sublateral obsolescent and impune-

tate throughout; dark areas much predominating, blackish-brown in

colonand mon=metalllli cee ees eerera eee erie eae ee eee labiatum Fabr.

Striz punctured behind the middle, faint, the punctures strong throughout

the width, widely separated; dark areas predominating, black, highly

polished, with dark metallic-green reflection; body more convex.

nitidum Lec.

oo Dlytral strize 15 im- NU MbeL: sc .8 Js. 50t seleks see wedes oecades «we pk co cceneemeaa cadences 4

Blytrall. strice, W4iin mumiber, 0. scccceosb eed densstwocssneess «sot conte beeencnaee aeetaner 11

4—Dark areas of the elytra black and non-metallic, or with the feeblest recog-

nizable greenish reflection; dark areas generally predominant............. 5

Dark areas of the elytra, black with a strong metallic-green reflection; pale

areas) trequenbly, predominant... s.c-.-osse«-ecees see ceceaesee ces eeeeaeeee eee 8

2&—Body broadly oval, the elytra more obtuse at apex.............20eeceseeeee scenes 6

Body marrower and more eClonpaten so cecnec sacar ence esse acess sea ce cece eeeee tee eres 7

6 —Elytra very deeply striato-sulcate toward base, the punctures coarse, deep

and close-set throughout the width; intervals very convex.

americanum Dej.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 301

Elytra much less deeply striate, the intervals feebly convex; punctures smaller

and more widely separated particularly in the sublateral series.

Elytral punctures fine, not extending much behind the middle on the

MeMianelin clot each). 2.2 sckeisscaceecicot sees eisssceeeacensacsaies. lacustre na. sp.

Elytral punctures stronger, extending well behind the middle on the

TEN@GHEND INTE aoaGucedacopsqeoccoccnecoocdoconES CON dODCHIDOGBEOORGCOSE texanum. n. sp.

%—HElytra finely striate, the striz rather finely and closely punctate with flat

FENG TAL Sete esate tetera terse tia steer aciok Mensulolae cals eicyis ssieic cies onisidece Ussuieanad ovale Horn

Elytra narrowly rounded at apex, more dilated at the sides near the base,

strongly striate, the striz closely and strongly punctured ; intervals con-

Exe SEZ (SIM Al Uansocnenctandadeeeshodarseeiida oases sescavalns ens concinnuUum. 2. sp.

‘S$—Body broadly and almost evenly oval in form.....................ece-eeeeceeeees 9

Body narrower, oblong-oval, the sides parallel and much less arcuate...... 10

9—HElytral punctures extending almost to the apex ; metallic-green spot of

the pronotum occupying median half only.............. tesselatum Say

Elytral punctures obliterated well before the apex ; pronotal metallic spot

extending almost to the lateral margins..................... dentatum Lec.

10—Large species, the green metallic areas darker and duller, distinctly pre-

dominating over the pale areas, that of the pronotum attaining the apex

only ina narrow point on the median line.................... solidum n. sp.

Small species, the dark areas less predominant, very bright and polished me-

tallic-green throughout, that of the pronotum broadly attaining the apex

Gib WINE TID lGl e ciceesesseosoonEcauacecbooKESabEdoScobesnesoqceaodaSEaocd gemma 0. sp.

11—Strie deep, rather coarsely and deeply punctured, dark areas predominant.

Strial punctures approximate, distinct almost to the apex, the striz sulci-

LOLMELOWATC DASE) SOMOTAs.c.25-cccessccsercccssoreeccssescecosc ec: SONOre nD. sp.

Strial punctures widely separated, obliterated well before the apex, the

striz impressed but not sulciform. Arizona.......obliteratum Horn

Strize deep, finely and closely punctured ; general color-of the upper surface

pale, the dark markingssmall. Arizona................0.0e02ee00eee gilze Lec.

Strie fine and rather feeble with moderately large and somewhat widely sep-

arated punctures extending to the apex ; markings nearly as in gile.

Witalvenn nerve ssensscacensesscctsscdonacsccssecsnrssecseessuerst esses pallidum. n. sp.

Striz faint, the punctures large and widely separated ; elytra relatively shorter ;

markings nearly as in gile and pallidum. Nova Scotia..robustum Horn

The new species announced above are described as follows:

O. lacustre.—Form and coloration as in americanum, except that the

surface isless convex and the subapical pale marginal spot extends forward

very obliquely nearly to apical third, the elytra rather more pointed behind

and the sides of the prothorax more divergent from apex to base. Head with

the pale area evenly angulate ; surface impunctate except in the metallic-green

basal area, which is rather strongly but not densely punctured. Prothorax

much more than twice as wide as long, the sides rather strongly convergent and

evenly, feebly arcuate from base to apex ; surface somewhat strongly but

sparsely and unevenly punctate, the punctures fine and very sparse in a trans-

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, February, 1897.—21.

302 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

verse median area ; color piceous-black, without trace of metallic lustre, the

sides paler, a little more broadly so and nubilate at base and apex ; median line

fine but distinct. lytra not quiteas long as wide; striz rather fine and feebly

impressed, rather finely and not closely punctured ; intervals almost flat, the

striz and punctures coarser and deeper near the sides ; dark areas without

trace of metallic lustre. . Under surface blackish-brown, the abdomen paler ;

legs, hypomera and epipleure pale. Length 6.5 mm. ; width 4.0 mm.

Lake Superior (Bayfield).

Readily separable from americanum by the nearly flat elytral

intervals and finer and more widely separated punctures, as well

as by the maculation of the posterior parts of the elytra and the

outline of the prothorax. The description applies to the female. .

0. texanum.—Broadly oval, strongly convex, rather shining, the macu-

lation nearly as in americanum, except that the posterior pale spot of the elytra

unites with the next anterior sinuous band ; dark areas with a faint metallic-

green tinge, more pronounced on the head. Head sparsely but rather strongly

punctured in the green basal area, the pale frontal spot evenly angulate and

impunctate. Prothorax short and strongly transverse, almost 244 times as’

wide as long, the sides strongly convergent from base to apex and evenly arcu-

ate throughout; coloration as in americanwm; punctures sparse, irregular,

rather strong but fine, remote and feeble in a transverse median line, wanting

near the reflexed lateral margin as usual ; median line feebly impressed. Ely-

tra short, distinctly shorter than wide, finely striate, the striz moderately but

rather broadly impressed, the punctures moderate in size and quite widely

spaced ; intervals feebly convex, shining and only just visibly alutaceous.

Under surface blackish-brown, the abdomen paler ; side margins and legs pale

brown. Length 6.0 mm.; width 4.1 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The single female before me represents one of the allies of

americanum, but may be distinguished by its shorter and more

broadly oval form, shorter prothorax with more strongly con-

verging sides, by the finer and more widely separated punctures,

feebler striz and flatter intervals, and by some differences in the

maculation near the elytral apices. It was taken on the sandy

banks of the Colorado River in June.

0. concinnum.—Narrowly oval, the elytra quite inflated near the base,

the sides thence rather strongly convergent and evenly arcuate to the apex,

which is somewhat narrowly rounded ; dark areas predominant, with a green

metallic lustre anteriorly, but almost completely non-metallic on the elytra.

Head with a small and acutely angulate pale frontal area, the green basal

area very finely, feebly and sparsely punctured. Prothorax but slightly more

than twice as wide as long, the sides feebly arcuate, moderately convergent an-

teriorly, but becoming parallel in about basal half; disk finely and rather closely

SDs eel

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 303

punctate near the base and apex, but elsewhere almost impunctate, the dark

median band not quite attaining the sides and extending broadly to base and

apex, with its confines rather nubilate ; median impressed line rather strong.

Elytra not quite as long as wide, behind the base much wider than the prothorax,

the subbasal and post-median irregular pale bands united longitudinally near

the middle of each, isolating a rather large ante-median black area near the mar-

gin; dark sutural area feebly dilated and rhombiform near the apex ; striez not

very coarse, but broadly and deeply impressed, perfectly even and regular, the

punetures rather large, deep and very close-set, extending almost to the apex ;

intervals moderately convex. Under surface piceous-brown throughout, the

sides slightly more flavate ; legs pale brown. Length 4.8 mm.; width 3.0 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

The description is taken from the male type, which is the only

example known to me. The species somewhat resembles gemma,

but differs in outline, in its sombre coloring, finer pronotal, but

much coarser and more regular elytral punctures, more narrowly

rounded elytral apex, and in numerous other characters.

0. solidum.—Oblong-oval, only very moderately convex, the lustre

generally rather strongly alutaceous ; dark markings with a strong but some-

what dark metallic-green reflection. Head with a large frontal pale impunc-

tate area which is broadly angulate posteriorly, the green basal area with nu-

merous moderate punctures. Prothorax slightly more than twice as wide as

long, the sides quite strongly arcuate, convergent anteriorly, becoming parallel

behind the middle ; punctures moderate in size, deep, rather close-set, extend-

ing to the basal angles but almost obsolete in the green transverse band, the

latter not quite attaining the side margins and only narrowly attaining the

apex on the median line, broadly attaining the base, with two approximate

pale spots at the middle, the dark areas everywhere sharply defined ; median

line fine. lytra as long as wide, the sides subparallel and but feebly arcuate,

very broadly rounded in apical third ; striz rather fine but strongly impressed,

somewhat irregular, and, to some extent, unevenly spaced, the punctures fine

but rather strong and close-set, obliterated near the apex ; sinuous pale bands

narrow and very irregularly zig-zag, the post-median much broken up; sub-

apical pale spot finely bifurcate anteriorly ; sutural rhombus near the apex

broad. Under surface blackish throughout, the abdomen not paler, except a

fine marginal line ; hypomera, epipleure and legs pale flavate-brown. Length

6.2-7.0 mm.; width 3.6-4.5 mm.

California ( Marin to Humboldt Cos.). ;

This species is common in the coast regions of California, north

of San Francisco, and exists in most cabinets, but commonly con-

fused with dentatum, which it resembles in coloration. The pale

spots of the elytra are always narrower and more disintegrated,

however, than in that species, and the form of the body is more ob-

long and parallel; the pale frontal area of the head is limited pos-

304 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

teriorly by a nearly transverse line in dentatum, and the striz are

more distantly punctured. Dentatuwm is more southern in its

range, San Francisco being about its northern limit.

O. semma.—Rather convex and narrowly oblong-oval, very highly pol-

ished ; dark maculation black with bright green metallic reflection, becom-

ing bluish or violet on the head, exceeding the pale areas in extent. Head

with the pale frontal area limited behind by a line which has a deep rounded

median sinus, the metallic basal area rather strongly punctate, densely so to-

ward the sides. Prothorax slightly more than twice as wide as long, the sides.

strongly arcuate, convergent anteriorly but becoming parallel behind the mid-

dle ; punctures distinct over the entire surface to the extreme lateral edges,

but less obvious in a small transverse area at the middle of the disk ; lateral

acute edges very fine ; dark metallic area extending almost to the sides, broadly

attaining the apex at the middle and still more broadly the base; median line

fine but strong. Zlytra almost evenly oval, as long as wide, slightly wider

than the prothorax, the strie fine and only moderately and narrowly impressed,

the intervals but feebly convex ; strize somewhat uneven, the tenth and

twelfth convergent basally, the eleventh not attaining the base ; punctures.

fine and approximate, not attaining the apex. Under surface pale red-brown

throughout, the sides and legs pale luteo-flavate. Length 4.75-5.0 mm.

width 2.8-3.0 mm.

California ( Humboldt Co.).

The irregularity described above in the elytral striation, which

also characterizes solidum and dentatum to some extent, together

with the small size, oblong form, highly polished integuments

and bright green metallic reflection, will render the identification

of this species at all times easy. I obtained a considerable series.

on the sandy banks of the Kel river, near its entrance into Hum-

boldt Bay. It varies surprisingly little in size, while solidum

varies much in this respect.

0. sonorz.—Broadly oval and strongly convex, polished; dark areas pre-

dominating and black with a feeble greenish-metallic lustre; pale areas dis-

posed nearly as in obliteratum, the head with a triangular frontal pale area; pro-

notum black, with a narrow pale lateral margin, broadly extending inward

anteriorly and narrowly and more briefly posteriorly, the median apical exten-

sion of the black area rather narrow and becoming piceous in color; pale areas.

of the elytra sharply defined, disposed nearly as in obliteratum. Head coarsely

but rather sparsely punctured in the basal metallic area; impunctate anteriorly,

the labrum more flavate. Prothorax slightly more than twice as wide as long, the

sides but feebly convergent from base to apex and feebly arcuate; median line

distinct; punctures coarse but rather sparse, extending over the entire surface

to the basal angles but wanting in an impressed marginal area in apical half

or more, and finer near the centre of the disk. lytra not as long as wide,

much wider than the prothorax, the humeral curvature to the basal line being

e's

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 305,

pronounced; striz coarse and deep, becoming sulciform toward base, the punc-

tures coarse and rather close-set as a rule but somewhat variable in spacing.

Under surface blackish, the abdomen dark piceo-rufous throughout; sides and

legs pale brownish-flavate. Length 6.5 mm.; width 4.0—4.2 mm.

Mexico (Sonora, probably near Hermosillo). Mr. Dunn.

Differs from obliteratum in its much stronger striation, coarser

and less widely spaced punctures, less nubilate pale markings of

the elytra and rather shorter and stouter form. It does not ap-

pear to have been represented in the material elaborated by Mr.

Bates for the ‘“ Biologia Centrali-Americana.”” Five specimens,

very uniform in size.

0. palliduma.—Broadly oval, moderately convex, very dull and aluta-

ceous in lustre, the upper surface pale brownish-flavate in color, the head

' piceous at base, slightly metallic laterally, the pale frontal spot extending

posteriorly near the eyes to their posterior limit, the intermediate dark area

bifureate; pronotum with a transverse submetallic spot occupying median

half, with a large pale brown spot in continuation laterally nearly to the side

margins; elytra pale, with the sutureand a transverse median basal spot black-

ish and feebly metallic, the other dark areas brown and non-metallic, consisting

of a short basal line on the eighth and ninth and another on the eleventh in-

terval, a small triangular subsutural spot at basal third, another still smaller

double spot at outer third and basal #¢, and a very uneven zig-zag band at

apical third more expanded near, but not attaining, the sutural dark line.

Head rather strongly but very remotely punctate in the basal dark area. Pro-

thorax sparsely punctured throughout, the punctures becoming quite coarse

near the margins, much more than twice as wide as long, the sides rather

strongly convergent from base to apex and only just visibly arcuate; median

line moderately distinct. lytra not quite as long as wide, distinctly wider

than the prothorax, moderately rounded externally at base, finely and feebly

striate, finely and remotely punctate, the punctures much coarser, stronger

and more close-set and the strize coarser and deeper toward the sides. Under

Surface dark piceous-brown, the abdomen paler; sides flavate; legs pale brown.

Length 5.3-6.4 mm.; width 3.7—4.1 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. C. J. Weidt.

This species is evidently allied to gilz and robustum, differing

in the characters previously stated. Two specimens.

The eleventh interval is rather more conspicuous than the

others in width and paleness of color; it partially separates the

small double spot before the middle, alluded to in the description-

BRENNUS Motsch.

In this genus or subgenus of the Cychrini, the anterior tarsi

of the male are slightly broader than in the female, with the first

306 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

two or three joints densely clothed beneath in part with short and

rather coarse papilliform pubescence. The dilatation is always

feeble, and, in cordatus, becomes barely appreciable, but the

pubescent pads beneath are still evident though narrow.

The species are abundant but sometimes very closely allied

among themselves, and the systematic treatment of them offers

many obstacles to the reviewer. This has been essayed thus far

only by Dr. Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII), but the author in

that article assuredly exercised an undue amount of caution in

discriminating species, placing together such forms as elevatus

and unicolor, angusticollis and velutinus, and distributing a con-

siderable number of what seem to be valid species as varieties

and races of a few more salient types in Brennus. Besides this,

quite a number of hitherto unknown forms have come to light in

recent years, so that another revision of Brennus and Pemphus.

has become desirable. This is my only excuse for the present

attempt, which will undoubtedly be severely criticised in certain

“quarters, because of the numerous species proposed. I would

gladly have the number less, for several reasons which it is not

necessary to dwell upon, but I cannot smooth or otherwise modify

the complexity of nature, and can merely portray it imperfectly ;

to lump the various forms together in composite descriptions

would not be simplification, but rather mystification for future

reviewers. That a considerable number of species are none the

less valid in this genus, which may be compared in this respect.

with Coniontis, for being mutually distinguishable only by a

number of points not involving special disparity of structure,

but constituting marked divergence in habitus, is evidently

proved in many cases by ample series of examples.

Brennus is confined in geographic range to the true Pacific

coast faunal province, but is exceedingly abundant and wide-

ranging within those limits, constituting one of the most charac-

teristic carabid elements of the region.

The forms which I have deemed worthy of distinctive names

are briefly diagnosed in the following table. In this table the

groups based upon the number of elytral striz are, in all proba-

bility, natural aggregates, but in many species it is difficult or

impossible to count the strize correctly, and experience will be

necessary before deciding upon the proper group in some cases.

The species with 16 strie have the side margin of the elytra.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 307

bluish or violaceous in lustre, which character is never, as far as

known to me, observable in the species having 18 strie.

Basal joint of the antennz large and stout; vertex unevenly carinate and

SOS 2 Bearer etctsre etete he siicielaistho vig ela sineialatectnls enieb lds tais bi eicias <& gas sein sien selaieclelwisieueisie'ssiisie =e 2

Basal joint more slender and moderate in length, though longer than the next

two together in cordatus; vertex smooth, becoming feebly and trans-

versely wrinkled or rugulose 1N SOME SPECIES ..........0..sceeceeeees esse eeeeeeses 5

2—Transverse nuchal constriction very deep and pronounced across the dorsal!

RUT ACC SAeeaa cnet sce ccieiene on atee ace elt secsiacis ein sic desing de satin mele tas wtp eaeioloss 3:

Transverse constriction obsolete, the carina of the vertex becoming feeble and

AER OU AN yao COSC Home ec nee tae set ssoacaciee sesae aselceincaes ee fee ceiscctasaseseassaatcestes f

#—Cephalic carina not dilated, the tubercle behind the interantennal depres-

sion single; elytra with finer striae. ...................ceseeeceees 1 cristatus

Cephalic carina with a double tubercle.

Basal joint of the antennz very large and conspicuous ; elytral sculpture

TM OMETALE Vg COATSC ect costa niacusazesls Selndaicisnrwied ewloaeuieee sbeseanietweses 2 basalis

Basal joint less enlarged, nearly as in cristatus; elytral sculpture strong,

the striz deeply impressed and apparently more approximate.

3 duplicatus

_4—Prothorax moderately narrowed behind, the sides sinuate; basal angles

CRB AUTO RUL Aa te cctss a2 oy ia alec soa, See els Wel slSais since od ass sins gins Setiass 4 rugiceps

Prothorax very strongly, obliquely narrowed behind and feebly sinuate near

the base, the basal angles more than right...................... 5 imcipiens

#&—Anterior tarsi of the male with the two basal joints spongy-pubescent or

papillose beneath, the third and fourth simply spinulose ; elytra 18-stri-

ate, but with the sculpture usually much confused toward the sides, the

TAT RIMS Me VET VLOLACEO US rccnc(saitucisie as ois Selsslcisto cals -\rie)s sisi cisese ssi sece oan wis acee 6

Anterior tarsi of the male with the first three joints densely pubescent or papil-

lose beneath, the fourth also having occasionally a few papille [ fide

Horn], but generally having merely a brush of long subspiniform setz..9

6—Elytra shining, the punctures moderate in size and not much wider than

fheystriceunelagier genevailliys fine yscs-).-sesescresdeeaseeeeses-eacecesssos-ee-cees- al

Elytra dull or opaque, the punctures much coarser than the strie............... 8

“4—Larger, 17-22 mm. in length, the elytra ovaland much elongated ; protho-

rax relatively large, much dilated anteriorly and unusually broad at

ASC wcces cece bassmsnase ates socebicase sate coscaischis stastcost 6 striatopunctatus

Similar to the preceding in size, the elytra less elongate and more broadly ob-

long-oval, fuller at the humeri; prothorax much narrower, as long as

VIWIGLI®: <4 sone Soe acd oneee bode seoc oe conehare: Hoc BECHE UNCOCGBEE BADR Se REE AA e ERC >.-7 Ovalis

Smaller, 16-18 mm. in length, the prothorax relatively much smaller and

shorter, much wider than long, the elytra less elongate-oval.

8 decipiens

$—Prothorax longer than wide, feebly sinuate behind, the basal angles sub-

rectangular ; elytral striz very fine, with deep and coarse punctures.

9 punctatus

Prothorax as wide as long.

308 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The sides strongly sinuate behind, becoming parallel for a considerable dis-

tance before the base, the angles right; elytra very convex, the strize dis-

tinct, abruptly much confused in about lateral third, the punctures coarse.

10 gravidus

The sides oblique behind and feebly sinuate ; elytra with series of moderate

punctures, but not distinctly striate .....................ceeeeeee 11 subtilis

§—Elytra 18-striate, the striz sometimes much confused near the sides ; con-

cave elytral margin never Vi0]ACCOUG................2eeeeeeececeeesencee cee eeeweene 10

Elytra 16-striate ; intervals frequently interrupted ; reflexed margin nearly

always distinctly violaceo-metallic in lustre...................cecesceeeeeeoneee 13

Elytra 14-striate ; reflexed margin of the elytra with metallic reflection, ex-

COPE 1 COTAALUS. 21... 5cccckcccecndecczoncstuessaes con mosess ec dsectescGete et ee EE eee eee 14

10—Elytral strize feeble, rather feebly and indistinctly punctate, the second,

third, sixth and seventh irregular ; elytra quite depressed, evenly ellipti-

Calland SUbOpAaque ss .\os-.cueenccsscconseme ste seers sececiee 12 Symmetricus

Elytral striz even except near the sides, the intervals even and not inter-

rupted, at least internalliy-.5scccs.cceecs cee eceeene se sieee oss eeene te ee ee een eee eee 11

Elytral striz more uneven, the intervals more or less interrupted throughout

the width, much broken up in a broad lateral area ; elytral margins more

narrowly reflexed, the general sculpture very deep and rugose............ 12.

‘11—Prothorax narrow, longer than wide, the reflexed side margin very nar-

row ; elytra deeply and evenly striato-punctate................ 13 striatus

Prothorax wider than long except in mimus and catenulatus.

Sides of the prothorax deeply sinuate posteriorly and parallel before the

base, the angles right.

Elytra oblong-oval, strongly convex, the sculpture greatly confused in a

broad area toward the sides ; large species.

Striz unevenly spaced, the wider intervals each with an uneven sup-

plementary series of punctures; margins of the prothorax more

Sbrone ly meilexedltes ae eeasescece tere bereeen cere eee eee 14 fuchsianus

Strize evenly spaced ; intervals more convex, generally, or in the fe-

male at least, with feebly marked supplementary series of punc-

tures which are more obvious on the alternate intervals ( alternatus

IVEOES 2) c soeccnctan see seneheed scevactsne et ecn tt mt eee ee eeeee 15 ventricosus

Elytra elongate-oval, narrower and much less full at the humeri, the

strize even, deep and distinctly punctured almost to the side margins,

the intervals even, rather convex and smooth throughout ; surface with

a taimbpblue=blacks lustresiess.cesescssecs |e osce nee ee een eee eee eee 16 gentilis

Sides of the prothorax constricted before the base, thence diverging to the

basal margin ; elytra nearly as in gentilis, the prothorax larger, wider

than long, with the side margins much more broadly reflexed ; surface

deep black without trace of bluish lustre..................-0000- 17 strictus

Sides of the prothorax finely margined, only moderately sinuate toward

base, the disk narrower, as wide as long ; basal angles rectangular as

usual ; elytral punctures very coarse and deep, evenly arranged along

rather fine striz.

Elycral strize not impressed ; disk of the pronotum flat.......18 mimus

asia

re :

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 309

Elytral striz deeply impressed ; disk of the pronotum noticeably convex.

19 catenulatus

Sides of the prothorax oblique and very broadly, feebly sinuate posteriorly,

the basal angles much more than right, the disk wider than long, the

base narrow, not as wide as the head ; elytral punctures coarser than the

BUC Hee ose aca cakaassscessee0s aCe CEE Rane Rieiantiesinsubtenion te cih ces 20 oreophilus

42 —Sides of the prothorax oblique toward base and not or only feebly sinuate,

the angles distinctly more than right.

Prothorax wider than long, at base rather wider than the head ; elytra short,

strongly dilated and only a little longer than wide.......... 21 obliquus

Prothorax apparently as long as wide, at base evidently narrower than the

head.

Posterior apex of the intercoxal plate of the mesosternum narrowly and

deeply emarginate as a rule, though somewhat variable ; elytra nar-

OMY ALON CUlencichise smite seismencoscitcnsinnt ss ce senisaastsccieessiecce 22 convergens

Posterior apex broadly emarginate ; elytra more broadly oval and fuller

at the humeri ; prothorax relatively distinctly larger.

Genz usually minutely and acutely incised ; pronotum very finely

and densely granulato-reticulate and velvety blue-black.

23 opacicollis

Genz more coarsely and obtusely emarginate as a rule ; pronotum

less opaque, the sides more evidently sinuate toward base ; body less

elon gates avannsee wet aneenare stent els stcec tenets cases 24 sculptipennis

Sides of the prothorax strongly sinuate near the base, the angles right ; genz

deeply and angularly incised ; mesosternal plate strongly and angularly

emarginate behind ; head transversely rugulose.............. 25 porcatus

13—Prothorax strongly sinuate posteriorly, the sides parallel or nearly so and

straight for a short distance from the basal margin, the angles generally

right.

Base of the prothorax very narrow, not as wide as the head, the surface

shining.

Prothorax similar in general form in the two sexes ; elytra longer, elon-

gate-oval.

Elytral striz rather fine toward the suture ; prothorax in the male 14

aSiwideras they eliybrateesssesseean-ceee cesses uensesececiosee: 26 dissolutus

Elytral stris coarse and deep throughout; prothorax smaller, very

much less than 144 as wide as the elytra in the male.

Larger species, the prothorax strongly narrowed behind from the

THOTIG (6 NERS asia ceo oudochs accra NosocnaBet ede CoDHeBBRO rE SER OcOaeee 27 sinuatus

Smaller, the elytra more narrowly oval ; prothorax more gradually

narrowed behind from before the middle................ 28 politus

Prothorax dissimilar in the sexes, greatly inflated anteriorly in the male,

small in the female ; elytral shorter and more broadly oval.

f 29 corpulentus

Base of the prothorax broad, wider than the head, the surface dull and not

bluish ; elytral strize very deep...................2.02sceeeees 30 compositus

310 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Prothorax oblique and only very feebly sinuate at the sides toward base.

31 fulleri

14—Elytra convex, black with violaceous concave margin, the intervals in-

terrupted toward the sides and apex....... wuvestésnaualoesaas 32 interruptus

Elytra convex, rubro- or zneo-cupreous in color, with metallic-green or golden

Side, MATQINS..,crrsecsessesesseesereneteeeeseeet cess sestava nates te <oemaleaaeaeieaaiaeane 15

Elytra much depressed and more gradually pointed behind, without metallic

SICE MALLING... ecvssencis occ sineedeleasle deslelecleclsiaulaiide seb sides acbtds ae aeken eee 16

15—Anterior tarsi of the male quite strongly dilated, the second joint only

very little longer than wide ; femora stouter............ 33 Cupripennis

Anterior male tarsi feebly dilated as usual, the second joint narrow and much

elongated ; femora normally slender.

Elytral striz more even and much deeper.

Larger, the side margins of the elytra greenish or coppery-goiden.

34 insularis

Smaller, the side margins vivid metallic-green in color...35 marginatus

Elytral strize feeble and very irregular ; margins greenish-golden in color ;

prosternal process much less impressed along the coxze ; body rufo-piceous

WOSINGEID soe pose ener aeoee soc bannenssoesasoo rpc ocenrohrass3sereaswaysensasane: 36 confusus

16—Body black and highly polished throughout, sometimes with a faint

ViOdAceous! LUSLE. «scsi sseeesae shoieaswarise series cpelignneds aus amenee<aasaee 37 cordatus

Of the species above enumerated several are still unknown to

me in nature, and a complete solution of the question of specific

rank of some others must be left for future investigation, when

the criteria for estimating introspecific variability can be de-

-termined with some slight degree of certainty, these remarks ap-

plying more especially to the forms in the neighborhood of sculp-

tipennis and dissolutus.*

1. B. cristatus Harr.—Boston Journ., II, p. 200; Horn: Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc., VII, 1878, p. 176; reticulatus Mots.: Kafer Russ., p. 90; Mann.: Bull.

Mose., 1852, ii, p. 292; 1. ¢.: 1853, iii, p. 121.

Moderately stout and ventricose, shining, the elytra minutely

reticulate and somewhat alutaceous. Head elongate, rather broad,

the upper surface strongly and longitudinally carinate, with a

simple tuberculiform prominence behind the frontal margin, an-

other just in advance of the anterior line of the eyes and another

at the base of the vertex, overhanging the deep nuchal con-

striction; posterior margin of the latter emarginate opposite the

tubercle; supra-orbital ridge strong, the antennal tubercles large ;

*The bibliographic quotations in this revision are taken from the paper of

Dr. Horn above referred to, and no attempt has been made to verify them in

most cases. ,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 311

gene prominent, obtusely and deeply emarginate; antennz 2 as

long as the body, slender, the basal joint stout, obconic, as long

as the next two, the seta nearly at the apex. Prothorax as long

as wide, inflated and broadly rounded anteriorly, constricted at

basal sixth, the sides thence slightly divergent to the basal margin,

the latter as wide as the head, the angles less than right but blunt ;

reflexed margin fine; impressions strong; anterior margin

double. Elytra strongly convex, 4+ longer than wide, nearly 3

times as long as the prothorax and 22 times as wide, oval,

feebly shouldered ; strize fine, with moderate, rather shallow and

uneven punctures, broadly confused toward the sides. Length

15.0-17.0 mm.; width 6.7-7.4 mm. i

California (near San Francisco). The male has the second and

third joints of the anterior tarsi coarsely and not very densely

squamulose beneath throughout, the first with a small terminal

pad and the fourth spinose with some longer hairs in addition.

The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is deeply and almost

evenly concave throughout, emarginate behind. The original de-

scription of Harris, founded upon Oregon specimens, states that

the elytra have a narrow blue margin; this is not recognizable in

any individual of the present group which I have seen.

I have before me a variety of this species in which the elytral

strize, instead of being uniform, are alternately more approximate,

the broader intervals with subdisconnected series of punctures.

2. B. basalis n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, shining. Head stout, moder-

ately elongate, the longitudinal crest irregular, tuberculiform anteriorly, then

depressed, finer and more acute, finely interrupted by a V-shaped sulcus just

before the eyes, immediately behind which it assumes the form of a strongly

elevated double tubercle, the basal tubercle pronounced and overhanging the

deep nuchal sulcus, the posterior margin of the latter indented at the middle ;

supra-orbital ridges strong, the antennal prominences very pronounced and sep-

arated from the crest by a profound excavation ;antenne % as long as the body,

slender, the basal joint very stout, obconic and unusually long; gene very

prominent, with a large oblique incisure. Prothorax tumid, a little wider

than long, inflated and rounded anteriorly, constricted at basal fifth, the sides

thence straight and divergent to the basal margin, which is as wide as the

head ; reflexed margins fine ; impressions deep ; apical margin very strongly and

broadly double, with longitudinally ruguliform polished sculpture. lytra

elliptical, slightly full toward base, 7g longer than wide, nearly 3 times as

long as the prothoraxand 214 times as wide; disk strongly convex, with

rather fine but impressed and moderately strongly punctured striz, which are

alternately more approximate, the striz of the broader intervals interrupted ;

312 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

sculpture stronger but not much more confused toward the sides. Length

16.0-21.0 mm. ; width 6.8-8.7 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

This fine species can be distinguished at once from all others of

the cristatus group, by the unusually developed basal joint of the

antennze and peculiarities of cephalic sculpture; the papillose

tarsal pads of the male are rather dense, the fourth joint equilatero-

triangular, with the spiniform hairs long toward tip. The inter-

coxal plate of the mesosternum is flat at the bottom, with the sides

broadly reflexed. The female is more elongate than the male,

the elytra relatively wider and longer, with feebler sculpture, this

being however more confused broadly toward the sides. Numer-

ous specimens.

3. B. duplicatus n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, shining,

deep black, without metallic reflection. Head rather wide, only moderately

elongate, the longitudinal crest beginning anteriorly in a large simple sub-

frontal tubercle, expanded at the middle in a large and strongly elevated

double tubercle, and ending at the nuchal constriction in a strong and nar-

_rowly rounded overhanging tubercle ; nuchal constriction very deep, its pos-

terior wall scarcely indented at the middle ; supra-orbital ridges strong, the

antennal tubercles large ; gene prominent, deeply and narrowly sinuate ; an-

tennz scarcely 24 as long as the body, slender, the basal joint stout and ob-

conic but rather short, not as long as the next two. Prothorax barely as long

as wide, inflated and rounded anteriorly, deeply sinuate behind, the sides

straight and subparallel in almost basal fourth, the base scarcely as wide as the

head, the angles right and only slightly blunt ; reflexed margins fine ; surface

rather convex, the impressions deep ; anterior margin only feebly double but

convex. Llytra strongly convex, almost evenly elliptical, not at all full at

base, %g longer than wide, nearly 3 times as long as the prothorax and

21 times as wide ; margins very narrowly reflexed ; disk coarsely and un-

evenly sculptured, the striz deep, with coarse and uneven punctures, alter-

nately more widely separated, the strize of the wider intervals partially inter-

rupted ; sculpture not much more confused toward the sides, the strize easily

traceable throughout. Length 14.0-17.0 mm.; width 6.2-8.0 mm.

California ( Lake Co.).

The anterior tarsi of the male are densely papillose beneath,

the pads of the first and third joints small and oval, the fourth

without pubescence but with the spines longer toward tip. The

intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is flat, with abruptly and

narrowly reflexed side margins and the usual deep posterior

emargination. The female is much larger and more ventricose

than the male, and has the prothorax a little more obviously con-

stricted near the hase.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 313

This species may be readily known among the allies of crista-

tus by the rather coarse, close, deep and uneven sculpture of the

elytra, scarcely constricted prothorax with the sides subparallel

near the base and not strongly divergent, and by the rather shorter

basal joint of the antenne. Three specimens.

4. B. rugiceps Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, 1872, p. 143;l.¢.:

VII, 1878, p. 177.

Form moderately elongate, black, feebly shining. Head mod-

erately elongate; vertex elevated into an irregular obtuse crest;

supra-orbital ridges well defined ; front transversely impressed be-

tween the bases of the antennz; occiput not impressed ; genz

moderately dilated, incised beneath the eyes; antenne slender,

basal joint large and stout. Prothorax cordate, moderately con-

stricted posteriorly ; sides in front arcuate, posteriorly sinuate;

hind angles rectangular ; margin with a slightly thickened bead ;

disk feebly convex, anterior, median and basal lines not deeply

impressed. Hlytra regularly oval; margin narrowly reflexed ;

disk moderately convex ; surface with about eighteen moderately

deeply impressed strize in which the punctures are coarse but not

approximate ; intervals convex; inflexed portion nearly smooth.

Body beneath and legs smooth. Length 14-17 mm.

Oregon. The sculpture of the head is said to recall that of cer-

tain species of Clivina, but with a more elevated carina, and the

prothorax, by its more feebly impressed lines, recedes from the

other cristate species and approaches punctatus. The male char-

acters are as in cristatus. I have seen no example of this species

and simply transcribe the diagnosis of Dr. Horn.

5. B. incipiens n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, shining Head some-

what small and unusually abbreviated, without trace of transverse nuchal con-

striction, the median parts of the vertex thrown up in a very irregular and

feeble longitudinal elevation, the posterior limit of which—between the hind

margins of the eyes—being more definitely tuberculiform; supra-orbital ridges

very strong but unusually short, the antennal prominences large; labrum

wider than long; antennz slender, but slightly more than 14 as leng as the

body, the basal joint obconic though only moderately thickened and not as

long as the next two, the seta very near the apex as usual in this genus ;

gen rather prominent, angularly incised. Jrothorax fully as long as wide,

widest just before the middle, where the sides are somewhat prominently

rounded, thence convergent and broadly arcuate to the apex and strongly con-

vergent to the base, near which they become feebly sinuate; base very narrow,

scarcely more than 34 as wide as the head; angles obtuse and blunt; double

314 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

edge of the apex obliterated toward the middle, narrow; reflexed margins

fine; surface moderately convex, the median, subapical and subbasal lines

tather deep, also with the sublateral diverging impressions well marked.

Elytra oval, strongly convex, pointed at apex, rather full toward base, 7%

longer than wide, 234 times as long and 214 times as wide as the prothorax;

reflexed margins narrow; strive rather coarsely and deeply impressed, irregular

toward the sides, almost evenly spaced toward the suture, the punctures

rather fine and widely separated; intervals convex. Length 14.5 mm.;

width 7.0 nm.

Northern California ?

A remarkably distinct species in the very strongly oblique and

feebly sinuate sides of the prothorax posteriorly and unusually

narrow base of the latter, rather abbreviated head, and complete

lack of any trace of the nuchal constriction which is such a

prominent feature of cristatus, basalis and duplicatus. The inter-

coxal plate of the mesosternum is perfectly flat, with the edges

abruptly but narrowly reflexed. It should probably be placed

near rugiceps, and is represented by a single very immature

female specimen, without locality label but possibly from the re-

gion indicated above.

6. B. striatopunctatus Chaud.—Bull. Mosc., 1844, iii, p. 476;

Horn: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 185.

Elongate-oval, rather strongly ventricose, shining, the prono-

tum alutaceous; head alutaceous, the frontal portions polished.

Head stout, the genz generally with a small angular nick; a

transverse impression behind the eyes vaguely suggested ; anten-

ne not quite 2 as long as the body, slender and with the basal

joint somewhat stout, obconic and much shorter than the two fol-

lowing combined. Prothorax relatively large, much dilated and

rounded anteriorly, strongly sinuate before the base, the sides

parallel and straight in less than basal fifth, the base broad, rather

wider than the head, the apex broadly sinuate; disk much wider

than long, longitudinally quite convex, the impressions rather

feeble; side margins moderately reflexed. Elytra elongate,

evenly elliptical, widest at the middle, $ longer than wide, 35

times as long as the prothorax and a little more than twice as

wide; margins moderately reflexed; disk moderately convex,

finely striate, the striz not coarsely but distinctly punctured,

much confused broadly near the sides; intervals flat, each with a

supplementary series of punctures especially behind the middle.

Length 17.0-22.0 mm.; width 8.5-10.0 mm.

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 315

California (near San Francisco and Sta. Cruz). The intercoxal

plate of the mesosternum is large and irregular, transversely im-

pressed and with discontinuous side margin anteriorly, broadly

impressed along the middle and narrowly along each side poste-

riorly, emarginate behind ; there is some variation however in this

plate. Anterior tarsi of the male densely spongy-pubescent be-

neath, the pad of the first joint occupying apical half. The types

of the above outline are three males from Oakland, immediately

opposite San Francisco, and the two accompanying females are

almost similar but larger and a little more ventricose. Female

examples are before me from the peninsula of San Francisco,

which are larger, with the elytra much more elongate and nar-

rowed more toward base and having the prothorax relatively

smaller and scarcely visibly wider than long. The Sta. Cruz

example also has a slightly different aspect, and I have but little

doubt that there are some closely allied species involved in the

general material which we denominate siriatopunctatus. The

strial punctures of the male are stronger than in the female as is

frequently the case. It is a common species, and large series from

carefully recorded localities would be valuable.

7. B. ovalis Mots.—Bull. Mosc., 1859, iii, p. 162, pl. 3, fig. 11.

Strongly ventricose, shining, the head and pronotum alutaceous;

frontal regions polished. Head stout, moderately elongate, with

a subobsolete transverse impression behind the eyes; genz feebly

developed but with a rather large triangular nick; supra-orbital

ridges fine and strongly elevated, deeper but not transversely

dilated above the antenne, the latter slender, 2 as long as

the body, gradually more slender and paler toward tip, the

basal joint moderate. Prothorax as long as wide and apparently

a little longer, feebly inflated with the sides broadly arcuate an-

teriorly, sinuate posteriorly, the sides parallel and straight in

more than basal sixth; angles right; base broad, more than

4 the maximum width but barely as wide as the head; disk

but very feebly convex, the impressions all feeble; lateral reflexed

margin moderate. Elytra much inflated, strongly declivous

near the sides, much less convex broadly toward the middle,

less than 4 longer than wide, more than 3 times as long as

the prothorax and 22 times as wide, broadly elliptical, rather

full at the humeri, the reflexed margins moderate; strize very

316 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

fine and feebly impressed, deeper sublaterally, much confused

only very near the sides, finely and remotely punctate; intervals

flat, alternately with a few supplementary punctures. Length

21.5 mm.; width 10.3 mm.

California (exact locality not recorded). The single female

representing this species in my cabinet cannot by any possibility

be united with strzatopunctatus, and, as it corresponds exactly

with the figure of Motschulsky, especially in the form of the

prothorax, I regard it as a very satisfactory provisional exponent

of ovalis. The sides of the mesosternal plate between the coxz

are only very feebly elevated.

8. B. decipiens n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, shining, the pronotum

strongly alutaceous, the head dull but polished anteriorly. Head stout, moder-

ately elongate, very feebly, transversely rugulose toward the middle of the ver-

tex ; gene but slightly developed and having a minute angulate notch beneath

the eyes ; supra-orbital ridges narrow, long, strong, deeper above the antennz

but not swollen; antennz barely %% as long as the body, gradually more

slender from the second joint, the first moderately thick and claviform, much

shorter than the next two. Prothorax relatively rather small though distinctly

wider than long, rounded anteriorly, deeply sinuate toward base, the sides

parallel and straight in basal fifth or sixth ; angles right and blunt; base

broad, fully as wide as the head ; disk somewhat longitudinally convex, the

impressions all very feeble ; lateral reflexed margin moderate ; apex broadly

sinuate. lytra distinctly less than 14 longer than wide, 3 times as long and

2%, times as wide as the prothorax, almost evenly elliptical, rather full toward

base, moderately convex, the reflexed margin distinct, especially toward base ;

strize rather fine but well impressed, the punctures not coarse but distinct, well

separated ; intervals feebly convex, generally without supplementary punctures

in the male, but with the alternate intervals serially punctate behind the

middle in the female, abruptly much confused in lateral fourth. Length

16.0-18.0 mm. ; width 7.5-9.0 mm.

California (near Monterey).

The anterior tarsi of the male are moderately dilated, with the

dense spongy-pubescent pad of the first joint occupying fully

apical half. This species differs from striatopunctatus in its shorter

elytra, smaller and less dilated prothorax, rather more impressed

strize and somewhat fuller humeral regions of the elytra; it is

represented by six males and two females taken by Mr. Dunn.

Var. A—Similar to decipiens but with the elytra more elongate, the protho-

rax broader and more inflated anteriorly, much wider than long and more

narrowed at base, the latter being distinctly narrower than the head ; elytra

strongly depressed toward base. Length 17.5 mm.; width 8.0mm. Mon-

terey.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 317

A single male, taken in the same locality as decipiens, which I

have attached to that species as a variety,is remarkably different

in facies because of its wider prothorax and depressed elytra,

but so similar in other respects that it is evidently inadvisable

to announce it. specifically distinct until more examples can be

examined.

9. B. punctatus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859, p. 69; Mots.:

Kafer Russ., p. 90; Horn: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, p. 182.

Moderately robust, black, feebly shining. Head moderately

elongate, subopaque; genz incised. Prothorax cordate, a little

longer than wide; sides in front moderately arcuate, posteriorly

feebly sinuate; hind angles subrectangular; disk subopaque,

feebly convex; basal impression deeper than the others ; margin

very narrow. Elytra oval, ventricose, with very fine, scarcely

impressed striz which have deep and rather large punctures mod-

erately closely placed; lateral intervals confused; inflexed por-

tion of elytra very obsoletely punctate. Body beneath black,

shining. Length 13-18 mm. [ Horn].

California (Tejon). As an illustration of the fact, alluded to

in the introduction to the present paper, that species in the

Coleoptera which superficially resemble each other to an extreme

degree may in reality be profoundly different, the following re-

mark of Dr. Horn may be quoted: ‘* This species, and mimus of

the preceding group, resemble each other so closely that it is

hardly possible to distinguish them. In this species the hind

angles of the thorax are less decidedly rectangular, in mimus

very distinetly so.’”*

10. B. sravidus n. sp.—Strongly ventricose, dull, the elytra feebly alu-

taceous with the minute reticulations very evident, deep black throughout.

Head much elongated, moderate in width, the gene feebly developed but with

a distinct subangulate emargination ; vertex smooth, the supra-orbital ridges

fine and strong, more elevated at the antennz, the latter setaceous, 34 as long

* There are hundreds of cases where really distinct species are unscientific-

ally bunched together in our cabinets, merely because there is no superficial

structural character apparent to distinguish them. Under patient research the

character can generally be found, and in many cases will be internal, either

affecting the genitalia or perchance the alimentary canal or other unexpected

tract, but always evincing itself by an outward peculiarity of habitus, the

force and weight of which can only be appreciated after the reviewer has made

himself intimately familiar with the subject by prolonged and attentive study.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, March, 1897.—22.

318 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

as the body, the basal joint but slightly stouter and short, very much shorter

than the next two, with the seta distinctly ante-apical. Prothorax fully as

wide as long, moderately inflated with the sides circularly arcuate anteriorly,

moderately sinuate posteriorly, the sides becoming straight and parallel for a

considerable distance from the base, the latter much more than 4 the max-

imum width and rather wider than the head; angles right ; disk longitudi-

nally convex anteriorly, with the impressions very feeble; reflexed side-

margins quite strong. Elytra very convex, oblong-oval, about 1g longer than

wide, barely 3 times as long as the prothorax and 2'4 times as wide, the sides

very feebly arcuate except toward base and apex; disk full at the humeri,

vertical at apex in profile, having fine striz which are deeply and coarsely

impressed laterally but extremely feebly so toward the suture, the punctures

relatively coarse, somewhat uneven in size and unevenly spaced; intervals

feebly convex laterally, wholly confused and broken up abruptly in less than

lateral fourth. Length 14.0 mm.; width 7.0 mm.

California (southern).

The densely pubescent pad of the basal joint of the anterior

male tarsus is acutely triangular and occupies rather less than

apical half. The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is very deeply

-emarginate behind and rather feebly margined along the sides.

This species is allied to punctatus, but differs in its broader pro-

thorax, with the sides parallel at base and the hind angles right.

A female from Monterey is associated with gravidus for the

present, though without doubt representing a species which may

or may not be closely allied. It has the prothorax similarly

shaped but smaller, the elytra still shorter and more evenly oval,

the striz stronger, the intervals more convex and with some sup-

plementary punctures toward tip. In the absence of the maie, it

is impossible to say whether it should be placed near gravidus

or mimus.

11. B. subtilis Schaum.—Berl. Zeitsch., 1863, p. 72, pl. 3, fig. 7; Horn:

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, p. 183.

Moderately elongate, black, subopaque. Head moderately

elongate, smooth; genz acutely incised. Prothorax cordate, as

broad as long; sides in front arcuate, posteriorly oblique with

feeble sinuation; margin moderately reflexed ; disk nearly flat ;

impressions feeble. Elytra oval, moderately ventricose, not

striate but with series of rather finely impressed punctures not

closely placed, which are somewhat confused at the sides; inflexed

portion sparsely punctate. Body beneath black, shining. Length

17-20 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 319

California (Los Angeles), also said to occur in Mariposa Co.

There is no representative of this species in the material before

me, and I have simply transcribed the description of Dr. Horn.

It is very distinct among the associates of striatopunctatus, in

the oblique sides of the prothorax, but seems to approach punc-

tatus in this respect as well as in its dull lustre.

12. B. symametricus n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, feebly shining,

black, the elytra with a slightly piceous tinge. Head elongate, subtriangular,

the vertex smooth; gene feebly developed, having the usual small angular notch;

Supra- orbital ridges well developed, the depression within the supra-antennal

portion deep ; antenne rather long, fully *4 as long as the body, very slender,

filiform and only just visibly thinner toward apex than at the second joint,

the first feebly thickened, much shorter than the next two, the seta at apical

fifth. Prothorax rather small, fully as long as wide, only moderately dilated

and very broadly arcuate at the sides anteriorly, rapidly narrowed posteriorly

and sinuate, the sides straight and parallel in scarcely basal sixth; base rather

more than 14 the maximum width but barely as wide as the head; angles right

and blunt; disk but very feebly convex, the impressions slight; side margins

fine and shallow. Elytra elongate and perfectly elliptical, nearly 14 longer

than wide, 27, times as long and 2?¢ times as wide as the prothorax, the re-

flexed margins somewhat narrow ; disk very moderately convex, rather abruptly

declivous at the sides, more flattened broadly above ; striz rather fine but well

impressed, finely and obsoletely punctate, the first and second, and sixth and

seventh very irregular, the others even ; intervals moderately convex, abruptly

much confused in lateral fifth. Length 17.0 mm. ; width 7.0 mm.

California (exact locality not recorded). .

The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum in the type is rather

abnormal, its thickened and elevated side margins posteriorly

being continuous with the bead of the acetabula, the anterior por-

tion, which is transversely excavated, being detached ; posteriorly

it is deeply sinuate as usual. In the unique male type the dense

pad of the first anterior tarsal joint occupies distinctly less than

apical half.

This species is quite distinct from any other in elytral form and

sculpture. 2

13. B.’striatus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1859, p. 69; Horn:

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 181; crenatus Mots.: Bull. Mosc., 1859,

lil, p. 161, pl. 3, fig. 8.

Moderately elongate, black, shining. Head elongate, smooth;

genz deeply incised. Prothorax somewhat variable in form,

usually elongate, cordate; sides in front arcuate, posteriorly

moderately sinuate ; hind angles rectangular; margin very narrow ;

320 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

disk feebly convex; impressions moderately deep. Elytra oval,

moderately ventricose ; surface deeply striate ; strize rather closely

but not coarsely punctured ; intervals convex, feebly interrupted

at the sides and near the tip; inflexed portion obsoletely punc-

tate. Body beneath smooth, shining. Length 15-21 mm.

[ Horn].

California (Sta. Barbara and Tejon). An inspection of the

type of LeConte, shows that this is a very remarkable species in

its small narrow and elongate prothorax, with unusually fine

reflexed margins, and I have no example in my cabinet which at

all approaches it. There is a decided probability that several

species were confused by Dr. Horn in drawing up the above

diagnosis.

The figure and words of Motschulsky appear to prove beyond ~

reasonable doubt, that he had before him this aberrant and local

species in drawing up his description of crenatus, which may be

regarded as a singular coincidence, in view of the multiplicity of

species and the apparent rarity of the one under consideration.

14. B. fuchsianus Rivers—Entomologica Americana, VI, 1890, p. 71-

Extremely ventricose, shining, the pronotum and head aluta-

ceous, the latter more shining anteriorly; color deep black

throughout. Head stout, moderately elongate, the vertex feebly

rugulose ; genze feebly developed, triangularly notched ; maxillary

palpi very long, the second joint as long as the last two together;

antennze well developed, slender, the basal joint slightly thick-

ened but much shorter than the next two, the seta subapical.

Prothorax relatively quite moderate in size, as wide as long, mod-

erately inflated and broadly arcuate at the sides anteriorly, sinu-

ate posteriorly, the sides straight and parallel in basal sixth,

the angles right; base 4 the maximum width and but slightly nar-

rower than the head; disk feebly convex; impressions feeble;

side margins unusually deep and strongly reflexed. EHlytra ex-

tremely inflated, subquadrate, very full at base, the sides very

feebly arcuate thence to the very oblique apex, 4 longer than

wide, 34 times as long as the prothorax and 22 times as wide,

strongly convex, more declivous near the sides, strongly striate,

the striz feebly and not closely punctate, alternately more widely

separated, the intervals very feebly convex, the wider each with a

Supplementary series of rather strong disconnected punctures

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 321

throughout the length, much confused in more than lateral fourth.

Length 25.0 mm.; width 11.7 mm.

California (El Dorado and Sonoma Cos.). The description

refers to a single mutilated female specimen recently purchased

from Mr. Rivers. The species is remarkably distinct in its very

broad and peculiarly sculptured elytra and deeper reflexed mar-

gins of the pronotum; it is one of the largest of the genus. The

elytra are more inflated but rather less convex and more oblong

than in ventricosus.

15. B. wentricosus Dej.—Spec., V, 1831, p. 527; Esch.: Zooi. Atl.,

1833, p. 21, pl. 25, fig. 1; Horn: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 181;

alternatus Mots.: Bull. Mosc., 1859, ii, p. 162, pl. 3, fig. 12.

Strongly ventricose, shining, the pronotum and posterior parts of

the head alutaceous ; color deep black throughout. Head stout

but much elongated, very feebly wrinkled throughout, except be-

hind the faint transverse nuchal impression just behind the eyes ;

gene with a distinct and acutely angulate incision; antennze 2

as long as the body, gradually narrowed from the second joint,

the first moderately dilated and but little longer than the third.

Prothorax relatively rather small, as wide as long, moderately in-

flated and rather strongly arcuate anteriorly, widest at apical

third, broadly sinuate behind, the sides becoming parallel for only

a very short distance before the basal margin, the latter a little

more than $ the maximum width but barely as wide as the head ;

disk feebly convex, the impressions slight and superficial ; reflexed

lateral margins distinct though moderate in depth. Elytra

broadly inflated and very convex throughout the width, oval, very

full at the humeri, 2 longer than wide, 35 times as long as the

prothorax and 25 times as wide; reflexed margin moderate ;

strie rather fine but deeply impressed, finely and obsoletely

punctured, more distinctly so sublaterally ; intervals broadly

convex, equal though alternately with imperfect supplementary

series of punctures, abruptly much confused in nearly lateral

third. Length 19.7—21.4 mm.; width 9.5-10.2 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.). The description is taken from two

female examples, which are the only representatives included in my

cabinet at present. Aliernatus was referred by Dr. Horn to

striatopunctatus aS a synonym, but the figure of Motschulsky

indicates a species with very much fuller humeri than is ever

the case in that species, and with a less anteriorly inflated

322 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

prothorax. As the figure corresponds exactly with the examples

which are referred above to ventricosus, and, as supplementary

series of punctures are quite as evident here as in striatopunc-

tatus, I think that the synonymy now proposed may be some-

what more appropriate, although it is of course impossible to be

absolutely sure in the absence of types.

16. B. gemtilis n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, shining, the pronotum

slightly alutaceous, deep black throughout. Head elongate, moderate in

width, the vertex feebly and transversely wrinkled anteriorly, the genz not

greatly developed and having a small angulate notch ; supra-orbital ridges.

fine, strongly elevated at the antennz and there separated from the median

parts of the front by a deep depression ; antenne fully 3¢ as long as the body,

slender, only slightly thicker toward base, the first joint slightly stouter,

much shorter than the nexttwo. Prothorax relatively rather small, as wide

as long, moderately dilated and broadly rounded anteriorly, the sides sinuate

behind, becoming straight and parallel in about basal sixth ; base 14 the maxi-

mum width or a little more, about as wide as the head ; angles right; disk

only feebly convex, the impressions superficial, the median line fine but dis-

tinct ; reflexed sides moderately deep and strong. Elytra almost evenly ellipti-

cal, almost evenly and moderately convex, 7 longer than wide, more than 3.

‘times as long as the prothorax and barely 244 times as wide, not very full at

the humeri ; rather finely but deeply and very evenly striate, the striz finely

punctured, much more coarsely so sublaterally ; intervals convex, confused

only in a yery narrow area along the sides and distinctly traceable throughout.

Length 14.0-18.0 mm. ; width 6.5-8.8 mm.

California (near Monterey).

The ample series of ten specimens before me, represents a species.

allied somewhat to striatus but differing in its broader and much

shorter prothorax, with more strongly reflexed side margins.

The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is generally flat, with

fine raised side margins which are interrupted at the middle and

with the usual deep posterior sinus. The female is but little

more ventricese than the above described male and has the pro-

thorax relatively a little smaller, but scarcely differs otherwise.

The pubescent pad of the first anterior tarsal joint of the male

extends through a little more than apical half.

The emargination of the gene is a very variable character, and,

in some specimens, the nick when small may be evident on one

side of the head and obliterated on the other.

17. B. strictus n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, the head and pronotum

strongly alutaceous, the elytra somewhat shining, deep black throughout.

Head quite stout and only moderately elongate, almost smooth, the genze with

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 323

the usual moderate angular nick ; supra-orbital ridges fine, stronger at the an-

tenne but not tuberculiform ; antennze % as long as the body, slender, feebly

thickened basally, the first joint elongate, obconic, much shorter than the next

two and distinctly stouter, the seta between apical fifth and sixth. Prothorax

relatively rather large and well developed, a little wider than long, strongly di-

lated and broadly, circularly arcuate anteriorly, constricted at basal sixth, the

sides thence straight and slightly divergent to the base, the latter fully 14

the maximum width but not as wide as the head ; angles a little less than

right and quite blunt; disk feebly convex, the impressions slight ; reflexed

side margins quite strong and deep. lytra evenly elliptical, evenly and mod-

erately convex, fully 2g longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax

and about 21, times as wide, moderately full at the humeri, the reflexed side

margins distinct ; disk rather finely and evenly striate, the striz deeply im-

pressed and quite coarsely and closely punctured, distinctly crenulating the

intervals, which are convex, without trace of supplementary punctures and

perfectly even almost to the side margins. Length 18.0 mm.; width 8.2 mm.

California (exact locality not recorded).

This species is allied to the preceding, differing in its relatively

larger, more inflated and constricted prothorax and more coarsely

but equally evenly sculptured elytra. The pubescent pad of the

first anterior tarsal joint of the male occupies barely apical half.

The acarids infesting this genus are extremely minute, if the

numerous examples which I have seen are fully matured. One

noted on the present species is narrowly oval and barely a fourth

as long as the second anterior tarsal joint. The same species in-

fests several other widely different species of Brennus, and the

acarid is probably peculiar to this genus.

18. B. mimus Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1874, p. 20; 1. c.: 1878,

p. 182.

Moderately elongate, black, shining. Head moderately elon-

gate, subopaque; gene feebly notched. Prothorax cordiform, as

wide as long; sides in front moderately arcuate, posteriorly

slightly sinuate; hind angles rectangular; margin very narrow;

disk flat, opaque; impressions feeble. Elytra oval, moderately

ventricose; surface finely striate; striz not impressed but with

large, moderately closely placed punctures; intervals irregular

at the sides; inflexed portion obsoletely punctate. Body be-

neath smooth, shining. Length 14.5-16 mm. [Horn.|

California (San Bernardino). This species is said to be very

similar to punctatus in general appearance, but with the elytra

rather less ventricose and differing in male sexual characters, as

indicated in the table. It is unknown to me in nature.

324 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

19. B. catenulatus n. sp.—Feebly ventricose, rather dull and aluta-

ceous, the elytra more shining, deep black throughout. Head rather narrow,

moderately elongate, evenly, transversely convex and smooth along the mid-

dle, the genze feebly developed and very minutely but acutely incised ; supra-

orbital ridges narrowly cariniform as usual, moderate in elevation even at the

antenne, the latter slender, only just visibly thicker basally, about % as long

as the body, the basal joint only very slightly thicker and barely longer than

the third. Prothorax relatively small, apparently not quite as wide as long,

moderately dilated and broadly rounded anteriorly, only moderately sinuate

posteriorly, the sides however becoming straight and subparallel for some dis-

tance from the base, the latter distinctly more than 14 the maximum width

and somewhat wider than the head ; anglesright but blunt; disk distinctly

longitudinally convex anteriorly, the impressions very feeble ; reflexed side

margins fine and rather feebly elevated. Hlytra narrow, suboval, widest rather

behind the middle, not very full at base, the humeri obliquely rounded, fully

2¢ longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and 27% times as wide,

the reflexed margins fine ; disk evenly and moderately convex, rather finely

and evenly striate, the striz very strongly impressed and with very coarse

deep punctures penetrating half through the intervals, the latter strongly con-

vex, only slightly discontinuous even near the sides. Length 14.0-15.0 mm.;

width 6.2—7.2 mm.

California (southern). Mr. Dunn.

The female differs considerably from the male above described

in the relatively larger, much more inflated elytra, which are nota-

bly fuller at the humeri, only a third wider than long, with the

sculpture less coarse and more confused at the sides; the pro-

thorax is actually slightly, and relatively very much, smaller, but

similar inform. The anterior tarsi of the male are only moder-

ately dilated, with the dense pad of the first joint occupying

more than apical half.

This is a remarkably distinct species, but appears to be allied to

mimus, differing in its somewhat smaller size, much more deeply

impressed elytral striz, narrower prothorax and other characters.

20. B. oreophilus Rivers—Entomologica Americana, VI, 1890, p. 111.

Strongly ventricose, rather dull, the elytra more shining espe-

cially in the female, deep black throughout. Head very moderately

elongate, somewhat stout, slightly rugulose near the middle of the

vertex, the supra-orbital ridges narrowly cariniform; gene very

feebly developed and having a small angulate incisure; autennz

slender, nearly 2 as long as the body, very feebly thickened toward

base, the first joint only slightly dilated, but littie longer than the

third with the usual subapical seta very long. Prothorax rela-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 325

tively moderate in size, fully as wide as long, broadly rounded

laterally, the sides strongly oblique and just visibly sinuate be-

hind the middle, the base narrow, much less than } the maximum

width and narrower than the head; basal angles much more than

right, not very blunt ; disk nearly flat, the impressions feeble, the

reflexed margins moderately deep and strong. Elytra suboblong-

oval, evenly and moderately convex, very full at the humeri, the

latter subtransversely rounded to the prothorax,4 longer than

wide, 3 timesas long as the prothorax and 2} timesas wide; strize

rather fine, equal, broadly and deeply impressed, coarsely and

crenately punctate, the intervals narrow and convex, confused

near the sides. Length 14.5-17.0 mm.; width 6.7—7.6 mm.

California (El Dorado Co.). The femaleis larger but almost

exactly resembles the male, having the elytra not at all more inflated

but longer, with the strial punctures less coarse, and the intervals

- a little wider, less convex and more broadly and completely con-

fused near thesides. I have before me a male and three females

recently forwarded by Mr. Rivers.

21. B. obliquus Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1868, p. 61; Horn: 1. o.,

1878, p. 180.

Rather stout and strongly ventricose, alutaceous, the elytra

shining, deep black in color. Head rather narrow and elongate,

the vertex nearly smooth; supra-orbital ridges fine and rather

feeble, the inner slope of the portion above the antennz unusually

gradual; gene with a small angulate notch; antenne only

moderately slender and just visibly thicker basally, nearly = as

long as the body, the basal joint distinctly thicker, obconic, much

shorter than the next two. Prothorax relatively well developed,

a little wider than long, inflated and rounded anteriorly, the sides

feebly subangulate just before the middle, thence oblique to the

base, near which they are generally just visibly sinuate; angles

much more than right though scarcely at all blunt; base 4 the

maximum width and as wide as the head; disk feebly convex, the

impressions feeble, the fine median line distinct; reflexed mar-

gins moderately strong. Elytra broadly oval, strongly convex,

very full at the humeri, scarcely 3 longer than wide, 3 times as

long as the prothorax but only 24 times as wide, the reflexed

margin rather fine; disk coarsely, closely and deeply striate, the

strie finely, feebly, scarcely obviously and distantly punctate,

the intervals strongly convex, partially interrupted even toward

326 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the suture and abruptly more confused in outer half, though easily

traceable throughout the width. Length 13.5 mm.; width 6.8

mm.

California. The specimen described above is a male and the

only representative which I have seen. The basal joint of the an-

terior tarsi is pubescent beneath only in a small oval area occupy-

ing apical third of the length. The female is undoubtedly larger,

with broader and less convex strial intervals and generally less

deeply sculptured elytra. The pronotum has a dull blue-black

lustre.

In the above type the left gena has a rather large angulate in-

cisure, while the right has merely an extremely minute cleft.

22. B. comvergems n. sp.—Feebly ventricose, alutaceous, the elytra

shining, deep black throughout, the pronotum without decided bluish lustre.

Head rather narrow and elongate, the vertex generally feebly and transversely

wrinkled along the middle anteriorly; gens feebly developed, with a small —

angulate nick; supra-orbital ridges moderate, gradually sloping inwardly

above the antenne, the latter decidedly short, slender but quite distinctly

_ thicker basally, 35 as long as the body, the basal joint moderately thick, ob-

conic, shorter than the next two but longer than the third, the seta very near

the apex. Prothorax relatively quite small, as long as wide, moderately di-

lated and rounded anteriorly, the sides only faintly subangulate well before

the middle, thence strongly oblique to the basal margin, just before which

they are very feebly sinuate, base narrow, less than 44 the maximum

width and distinctly narrower than the head; angles more than right and

slightly blunt ; disk distinctly longitudinally convex anteriorly, the impres-

sions feeble, the fine median line, however, quite distinct ; lateral margins

moderately reflexed. Elytra almost evenly elliptical, very convex, 7 longer

than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax but scarcely 21, times as wide,

not full but obliquely rounded at the humeri ; margins narrowly reflexed ;

disk with very broadly and deeply impressed, but generally rather finely punc-

tate strize, the intervals strongly convex, interrupted at rather long intervals

internally, but much broken up, though readily traceable, in lateral third, the

general sculpture very coarse. Length 13.5-15.0 mm.; width &.9-7.0 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

The female differs considerably from the male, described above,

in having the elytra strongly swollen and distinctly fuller and less

obliquely rounded at the humeri, more than three times as long

as the prothorax and 24 times as wide, the intervals wider and

less convex, but more thoroughly broken up in an abruptly de-

limited area, occupying fully lateral third of the width. In the

male the basal joint of the anterior tarsi is densely pubescent in

a rounded patch occupying but little more than apical third.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 327

This species is allied to obliquus, differing in the smaller and

less dilated prothorax with very much narrower base, and in the

much less ventricose male, the differences between the sexes

being apparently more pronounced than in that species. Four

Specimens.

23. B. opacicollis n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, dull, the frontal

regions and elytra more shining, deep black, the pronotum with a decided

bluish lustre. Head moderately stout and elongate, the vertex feebly, trans-

versely wrinkled anteriorly; genz feebly developed, with a minute angular

notch; supra-orbital ridges moderate, declivous internally; antennz slender,

36 as long as the body, slightly stouter toward base, the first joint thickened

but much shorter than the next two. Prothorar relatively moderate in size,

as long as wide, inflated and evenly and rather strongly rounded anteriorly,

not at all subangulate before the middle, the sides oblique posteriorly and

only just visibly sinuate near the base ; angles much more than right and not

blunt; base rather narrow, 14 the maximum width and barely as wide as the

head; disk nearly flat, the impressions all feeble; reflexed side margins mod-

erate. lytra almost evenly but broadly elliptical, 1, longer than wide,

barely 3 times as long as the prothorax and 2%, times as wide, strongly con-

vex, somewhat full at the humeri, the reflexed margins narrow; disk coarsely

and deeply striate, the punctures fine and widely separated ; intervals strongly

convex, frequently interrupted even toward the suture and very much broken

up broadly toward the sides, but with the strize distinctly traceable through-

out. Length 15.5 mm.; width 6.7-7.0 mm.

Oregon.

The male described above has the pubescent pad of the first

anterior tarsal joint extending through somewhat more than

apical third. The female has the elytra almost precisely similar -

throughout to those of the male and equally inflated, but a little

more elongate-elliptical and rather less full at the humeri, the

prothorax similar in form but distinctly smaller both actually

and relatively. The species may be known from the preceding

not only by the similarity of elytral inflation of male and female,

but by the flatter and more opaque disk of the pronotum, the

latter being relatively much larger in the male and with the

median line less impressed. A single pair.

24. B. sculptipemmis n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, alutaceous,

the elytra shining, the pronotum with scarcely a trace of bluish lustre; body

deep black throughout. Head moderately stout and elongate, the vertex feebly,

transversely rugulose anteriorly; supra-orbital ridges fine and rather feeble

but becoming strong, subangulate and moderately sloping internally at the

antenne; gen with a distinct obtusely angulate notch; antennz 34 as long as

the body, slightly thickened toward base, the first joint shorter than the next

328 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

two but very much longer than the third, slightly thickened. Prothorax rela-

tively moderate in size, as long as wide, rather strongly inflated and rounded

anteriorly, with only feeble trace of angulation before the middle; sides

strongly oblique posteriorly and broadly, feebly sinuate toward base, the

angles slightly more than right; base narrow, much less than 14 the maximum

width and narrower than the head; disk feebly, longitudinally convex an-

teriorly, the impressions all very feeble; side margins moderately reflexed.

Elytra almost evenly but rather broadly elliptical, quite full at the humeri,

% longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and 27, times as wide,

strongly convex, the margin narrow; strize coarse and deeply impressed, with

rather coarse, uneven and widely separated punctures, the intervals convex,

much interrupted even toward the suture and greatly broken up broadly

toward the sides, but with the striz distinetly traceable throughout as s usual

in this group. Length 14.0-16.5 mm.; width 6.5-8.3 mm.

California (exact locality not cooedey

In the male, which is the sex described above, the pubescent

pad of the first anterior tarsal joint is very small and dense,

broadly rounded and occupies fully apical third. The female is

larger in the body and with the elytra relatively distinetly more

inflated but with the prothorax not at all smaller, even relatively,

This species is closely related to convergens, but differs in its

relatively larger prothorax, with the oblique sides more broadly

and distinctly sinuate toward base, in the larger size of the body,

less sexual difference in the form of the hind body and several

other features. Three specimens.

25. B. porcatus n. sp.—Rather narrow and elongate, moderately ventri-

cose, alutaceous, without trace of bluish lustre, the elytra rather shining ; body

deep black throughout. Head somewhat.stout and only moderately elongate,

distinctly rugose, the genz feebly developed, deeply incised ; supra-orbital

ridges strong but shorter than usual ; antenne scarcely 34 as long as the body,

just visibly thicker toward base, the first joint distinctly thicker, obconic and

only slightly shorter than the next two, the seta very nearly at the apex.

Prothorax relatively well developed, dilated and rounded anteriorly, feebly

subangulate before the middle, the sides becoming deeply sinuate posteriorly,

parallel and straight in basal fifth or sixth, the angles right and bluntly

rounded ; base fully 14 the maximum width and about as wide as the head ;

disk feebly convex, the impressions slight ; reflexed margins moderate. Elytra

almost evenly elongate-elliptical, not very full at the humeri, the latter ob-

liquely rounded, 234 times as long as the prothorax and barely 244 times as

wide, 7g longer than wide, the reflexed margins fine; disk strongly convex

and rugose, the striz coarse and deeply impressed, the punctures rather large

but widely separated and not very distinct ; intervals convex, irregular and

much interrupted throughout, gradually more frequently toward the sides but

with the striz readily traceable throughout the width. Length 15.0 mm.;

width 6.4 mm.

Ae ie

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 329

California (locality not known).

This species is distinct, among those of the present group, in

having the sides of the prothorax sinuate deeply behind and par-

allel for a considerable distance before the base as in ventricosus

and many other forms not closely related. It is allied to sculpti-

pennis, but the single male before me differs from the correspond-

ing sex of that species in its more elongate and less ventricose

form and very much larger prothorax; the sexual characters

are similar.

26. B. dissolutus Schaum—Berl. Zeitschr., 1863, p. 72, pl. 3, fig. 6;

Horn: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 179.

Rather elongate and moderately ventricose, polished, the pro-

notum feebly alutaceous ; body deep black throughout, with very

feeble bluish lustre, the elytral margins with blue or violaceous

metallic reflection. Head stout, only moderately elongate, the

vertex feebly, transversely wrinkled near the middle; genz feebly

developed and having a minute cleft-like incisure; supra-orbital

ridges fine posteriorly, strong at the antenne, the latter not 2 as

long as the body, slender, only slightly thicker basally, the first

joint thicker, not quite as long as the next two but much longer

than the third. Prothorax relatively large, slightly wider than

long, strongly dilated and rounded anteriorly, strongly rounded

just before the middle, the sides thence strongly oblique and

straight to the subbasal sinuation, thence almost parallel and

straight to the base, the angles very slightly more than right;

base not quite 4} the maximum width and subequal in width to the

head ; disk feebly convex, the impressions rather distinct ; mar-

gins moderately deep and almost vertically reflexed. Hlytra al-

most evenly elliptical, 2 longer than wide, 23 times as long as the

prothorax and not more than twice as wide, rather full and

strongly rounded at the humeri; reflexed margins moderate and

having coarser, widely separated punctures ; disk moderately

convex, with rather fine but broadly and deeply impressed striz

bearing moderate and somewhat distant punctures, the intervals

relatively wide and only moderately convex, frequently inter-

rupted near the sides and apex but only occasionally and partially

toward the middle. Length 15.5-17.0 mm.; width 6.4—7.3 mm.

California (near Monterey). The pubescent pad of the first

anterior tarsal joint of the male above described, occupies much

less than apical half. There do not seem to be any papille on the

330 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

under surface of the fourth joint, but the spiniform sete are

longer and denser. ‘The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is

abruptly narrowed and elevated anteriorly and with the usual

deep posterior emargination. The female is larger but differs ex-

tremely little in general form, the elytra being but slightly more

inflated, though relatively much larger when compared with the

prothorax in every dimension.

I am not certain that this is the true dzssolutus of Schaum, but

it answers the-description somewhat better than any other species

before me.

27. B. simuatus n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose and only moderately

elongate, polished ; head and prothorax very feebly alutaceous, the convex por-

tions of the latter polished ; body deep black, the pronotum near the sides and

concave elytral margins distinctly violaceous. Head moderately stout and

elongate, the vertex virtually smooth ; genze feebly developed, with the nick

small and angulate; supra-orbital ridges fine, strong anteriorly where the

inner slope is quite gradual ; antennee scarcely 34 as long as the body, slender,

- scarcely thicker basally, the first joint only slightly stouter, obviously shorter

than the next two, the seta fully at apical sixth. Prothorar relatively mod-

erate in size, as long as wide, strongly inflated, with the sides rounded an-

teriorly, strongly oblique and nearly straight thence to the subbasal sinua-

tion, becoming parallel and straight in basal fifth or sixth ; angles right ; base

1g the maximum width but scarcely as wide as the head ; disk feebly but dis-

tinctly convex, the impressions fine though distinct ; reflexed margins mod-

erate. Elytra subelliptical, notably full at the strongly rounded humeri and

quite pointed at apex, slightly more than 1g longer than wide, about 3 times

as long as the prothorax and 2?¢ times as wide, the reflexed margin moderate,

with coarse and widely spaced punctures; disk rather strongly convex, with

deep and widely impressed strize which are rather coarsely but unevenly punc-

tured ; intervals convex, frequently more or less completely interrupted to-

ward the suture and very much broken up laterally, the striz readily trace-

able, however, throughout. Length 16.5-18.0 mm. ; width 6.8-8.0 mm.

California (locality unknown).

The male here described represents a species closely allied to

dissolutus, but differing in its more inflated hind body and

relatively much smaller and less anteriorly dilated prothorax,

this not differing so much in relative size in the male and female;

it also differs in having the elytral striz deeper and the intervals

more frequently interrupted throughout. The sexual characters

and mesosternal plate are nearly similar. The female is larger,

but only slightly more ventricose than the male. Three specimens.

28. B. politus n. sp.—Very nearly similar to sinuatus but smaller, with

less ventricose and less rugose elytra, and differing in the form of the pro-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 331

thorax, which is here as long as wide and apparently a little longer, dilated

and rounded anteriorly, distinctly angulate before the middle, the sides

thence strongly oblique and sinuate to the base but not becoming parallel,

the angles a little more than right and rather blunt; base narrow, barely 14

the maximum width and about as wide as the head. iytra elliptical, nearly

2< longer than wide, not quite 3 times as long as the prothorax and 21g times

as wide, rather full at the humeri, the sides becoming very feebly arcuate

thence to the apical obliquity; disk sculptured nearly as in stnwatus but rather

less convex, especially toward base, the intervals more even and much less

interrupted toward the suture. Length 13.5 mm.; width 5.8 mm.

California (Hoopa Valley, Humboldt Co.).

The papillz on the under surface of the anterior tarsi in the

single male before me are very coarse, and the pad of the first

joint scarcely occupies more than apical third; there do not seem

to be any papille on the fourth joint, but, as usual, the stiff sete

are longer and more numerous.

This species is differentiated from s7nuatus by a number of

characters relating to general habitus, such as smaller size, less

ventricose form, more flattened and less strongly sculptured

elytra and somewhat differently shaped prothorax; extended

series would probably prove them mutually distinct at a glance,

but having a single specimen only, I have hesitated some time be-

fore separating politus and giving it a specific status.

29. B. corpulentus n. sp.—Short, stout and strongly ventricose, black,

strongly shining, the pronotum only very slightly alutaceous, faintly viola-

ceous toward the sides, the elytra also violaceous in the reflexed lateral margin.

Head only slightly elongated, the vertex very feebly, transversely wrinkled;

genze feebly developed, with a moderately large angular notch; supra-orbital

ridges fine posteriorly; antennze slender, scarcely 35 as long as the body,

slightly thickened toward base, the first joint dilated as usual, much shorter

than the next two but longer than the third. Prothorax relatively well devel-

oped, short, much dilated and rounded anteriorly, distinctly wider than long,

the sides very strongly oblique and feebly arcuate behind the middle to the

sinuation, which is strong and abrupt, becoming straight and parallel in a

little more than basal sixth; angles right; base narrow, less than 14 the maxi-

mum width and slightly narrower than the head; disk quite distinctly longi-

tudinally convex, the impressions distinct; lateral margins rather deep and

strongly reflexed. lytra short and broadly elliptical, rather full at the

humeri, less than 14 longer than wide, not quite 3 times as long as the pro-

thorax and but little more than twice as wide; margins rather widely reflexed

toward base and with coarser punctures; disk moderately convex, with rather

coarse and impressed striz, becoming very coarse and irregular laterally, the

strize not very coarsely but distinctly punctured, the intervals convex, re-

motely subinterrupted, becoming narrow, irregular and more broken up later-

ally. Length 12.7-14.7 mm.; width 6.0-7.0 mm.

332 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

California (Oakland, Alameda Co.).

The description given above refers to the male, and the female

is so different that it might readily be regarded as specifically dis-

tinct; the elytra are not much broader than in the male, but are

very strongly convex, with the striz finer and more uneven and

the intervals flatter, but the prothorax is relatively very much

smaller, feebly dilated anteriorly and fully as long as wide. The

sexual characters are nearly as in the preceding species, from

which this can be readily distinguished by its short inflated hind

body.

30. B. compositus n. sp.—Rather elongate, moderately ventricose,

black, the head and pronotum very dull, the latter without trace of bluish

lustre ; elytra polished, the concave side margins with a faint tinge of bluish ;

body deep black throughout. Head stout and only slightly elongate, the gence

moderately developed, with a small angular notch; supra-orbital ridges

strong; eyes rather large; vertex transversely wrinkled; antennz nearly 34 as

long as the body, slender, the basal joint thicker as usual, not as long as the

next two, but very much larger than the third. Prothorax relatively rather

well developed, very slightly wider than long, dilated and broadly rounded

anteriorly, subangularly rounded at the middle; sides strongly sinuate pos-

teriorly, becoming parallel and straight in basal sixth ; angles right; base

broad, somewhat exceeding 14 the maximum width and wider than the head ;

disk feebly convex, finely, unevenly rugulose in a generally transverse direc-

tion, the impressions distinct, the reflexed margins rather strong. Llytra

evenly elliptical, not very full and broadly, obliquely rounded at the humeri,

2 longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and about 27% times as

wide ; reflexed margins distinct and more coarsely punctured ; disk moderately

convex, strongly striate, the striz broadly impressed and rather coarsely but

somewhat unevenly punctured, the intervals convex, occasionally subinter-

rupted internally and much broken up broadly toward the sides. Length:

17.0 mm. ; width 7.6 mm.

California (locality not recorded).

This species is quite distinct from any of the preceding in the

more opaque and rugulose and duller pronotum, with the base

relatively much wider, and in having the spongy-pubescent sole

of the first tarsal joint in the male more extended, occupying

nearly apical half. The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum is.

deeply concave anteriorly, near the narrowed anterior prolonga-

tion. A single specimen.

31. B. fulleri Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 179.

This species is said to resemble marginatus somewhat in form

and in the obliquity of the sides of the prothorax posteriorly, but.

‘init, Se

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 333

to be larger and of rather more robust outline. It is black, with

a feeble violaceous tinge, the concave margins of the elytra more

strongly violaceous. The sides of the prothorax are oblique be-

hind and very feebly sinuate. Length 15-16 mm.

Oregon. I have assumed that fullerti, which was attached to

marginatus as a variety, is in reality a distinct species with six-

teen elytral strive, and not fourteen, which is the condition in

marginatus and allied metallic species. It is, of course, quite

possible that my assumption in regard to the number of elytral

strize may be wrong, as Dr. Horn states that the striz in his

eroup “II A” do not exceed fourteen in number. In any event,

whether classed with marginatus or dissolutus, there can be very

little doubt of the specific validity of the form under consideration.

32. B. interruptus Men¢t.—Bull. Acad. Petrop., 1844, ii, p. 54;

Motsch.: Bull. Mosce., 1859, iii, p. 162, pl. 3, fig. 10; Horn: Trans. Am. Ent.

Soe., VII, 1878, p. 180; constrictus Lec.: Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1853, p. 398.

Strongly ventricose, polished, the head and pronotum not

alutaceous ; body deep black, the pronotum with a feeble bluish

reflection, the reflexed side margins of the elytra violaceo-metallic

inlustre. Head moderately stout and elongate, nearly smooth, the

supra-orbital ridges fine posteriorly; genz feebly developed, the

notch minute and angulate ; antenne fully 2 as long as the body,

slender, the basal joint but slightly stout and much shorter than

the next two. Prothorax slightly wider than long, strongly

dilated and rounded anteriorly, more narrowly rounded at the

middle, the posterior sinuation deep; sides becoming straight

and parallel in basal sixth; angles right but bluntly rounded;

base narrow, not quite + the maximum width and much narrower

than the head; disk feebly convex, the median line rather dis-

tinct ; sublateral impressions short and feeble; lateral margins

rather deep and strongly reflexed. Elytra short and inflated, +

longer than wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and nearly 24

times as wide, rather full and strongly rounded at the humeri ;

reflexed margins moderate, coarsely punctured ; disk strongly and

evenly convex, the fourteen striz rather broadly and deeply im-

pressed and almost perfectly even throughout the entire width,

the punctures moderately coarse; intervals convex, feebly sub-

interrupted, more obviously toward tip. Length 12.5 mm.; width

6.0 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz). The male above described has the an-

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., 1X, March, 1897.—23.

334 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

terior tarsi even more feebly dilated than usual, with the papille

of the under surface rather coarse and only moderately dense, the

pad of the first joint small and apical. It agrees quite well with

the figure of Motschulsky, but is probably not a very character-

istic specimen, as the elytral intervals are almost entire. The

form figured by Motschulsky under the name ventricosus, which

is referred to this species by Dr. Horn, is certainly quite different,

but it is probable also that it does not represent ventricosus ; it

is wholly indeterminate from the figure.

33. B. cupripenmnis n. sp.—Elongate, feebly ventricose, shining through-

out, black, the elytra bright metallic cupreous-red, with a brilliant green

margin; legs and under surface piceous. Head moderately stout and elongate,

triangular, the genz very feebly developed and having an exceedingly small

angular nick; supra-orbital ridges very fine posteriorly, moderately strong at

the antennz, the latter slender, scarcely 34 as long as the body, with the basal

joint notably thicker and nearly as long as the next two, the seta at apical

seventh or eighth; vertex nearly smooth. Prothorax relatively rather well de-

veloped, about as long as wide, moderately dilated and rounded anteriorly,

the sides more strongly rounded well before the middle, thence oblique and

almost straight to the base, the angles much more than right and bluntly

rounded; base fully 14 the maximum width and as wide as the head; disk

feebly convex, the median line rather deeply impressed; sublateral longitudi-

nal impressions distinct, extending before the middle; reflexed margins mod-

erate. Elytra evenly elongate-elliptical, nearly 14 longer than wide, 3 times

as long asthe prothorax and scarcely more than 214 times as wide, obliquely

and evenly rounded and not very full at the humeri; reflexed margins ample,

with very coarse punctures; disk evenly and moderately convex, the striz

coarse, slightly uneven, broadly impressed, deep laterally but rather shallow

toward the suture, the punctures coarse, uneven and close-set; intervals con-

vex, but slightly uneven at the sides. Femora stout. Length 15.0 mm.;

width 6.0 mm.

Washington State.

The two males before me represent a species allied to margina-

tus but slightly larger, and differing greatly from that, and all

other forms of the present group, in the thicker femora and much

more dilated anterior tarsi. The intercoxal plate of the meso-

sternum is rounded, flat, with abruptly elevated and rather fine

side margins and the usual large posterior emargination.

34. B. insularis n. sp.—Elongate, rather feebly ventricose, shining

throughout, black throughout the body and legs, the elytra rather dusky

cupreo-violaceous, with narrow and bright zeneous side margins. Head rather

stout, moderately elongate, the vertex almost smooth, the broadly impressed

transverse nuchal constriction rather pronounced; gene feebly developed, with

—- »*

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 335

the angular notch small and inconspicuous ; supra-orbital ridges moderately

strong and inwardly inclined at the antennz, fine posteriorly; antennz slen-

der, moderate in length, the basal joint distinctly thicker, claviform, not as

long as the next two, the seta at apical eighth. Prothorax well developed,

scarcely as long as wide, moderately dilated and broadly rounded throughout

anteriorly, the sides not more strongly rounded before, but becoming gradu-

ally oblique behind, the middle, to the base, with a scarcely visible ante-basal

sinuation; angles much more than right and bluntly rounded; base wide,

more than 144 the maximum width and fully as wide as the head; disk feebly

convex, the median line strong; sublateral impressions deep, extending far

before the middle; reflexed margins rather fine. Elytra elongate-elliptical,

fully 44 longer than wide, nearly 314 times as long as the prothorax and 214

times as wide; humeri evenly and obliquely rounded; reflexed margins ample

but rather finely punctate; disk strongly, evenly convex, the striz deep and

broadly impressed, rather uneven, obscurely punctate, readily traceable

throughout the width, the intervals convex, much broken up toward the sides

and finely so toward the apex. Legs very slender. Length 17.5 mm.; width

6.8 mm.

Queen Charlotte Islands.

This fine species is founded upon a single perfect specimen,

recently sent to me by Mr. Fletcher and probably taken by Mr.

Keen. It is a female, but the species will be readily known from

marginatus by its much larger size, more elongate and convex

elytra, larger and less posteriorly narrowed prothorax, with the

sides less sinuate toward base and several other characters.

35. B. marginatus Fisch.—Ent. Russ., I, p. 79, pl. 7, fig. 1; Dej.:

Spec., II, p. 12; Esch.: Mem. Mosc., 1823, vi, p. 98; Mann.: Bull. Mosc.,

1843, p. 185 ; Horn: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 178.

Moderately elongate and ventricose, shining throughout, the

pronotum not distinctly alutaceous, black, the elytra cupreous-red

with bright metallic-green or brassy-green reflexed margins. Head

rather small, not much elongated, the vertex smooth; supra-or-

bital ridges fine posteriorly ; gene very feebly developed with the

notch small; antenne very slender, not 2as long as the body,

the basal joint but slightly thickened and much shorter than the

next two. Prothorax relatively moderate is size, as long as wide,

the sides dilated and evenly rounded anteriorly, becoming ob-

lique and broadly, feebly sinuate to the base, which is narrow, 4 the

maximum width and barely as wide as the head; angles much

more than right and very bluntly rounded ; disk but feebly convex,

the median line and two diverging sublateral impressions deep

and distinct, the latter extending to apical third ; reflexed margins

336 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

moderately strong. Elytra narrowly elliptical, about 2 longer than

wide, 3 times as long as the prothorax and 22 times as wide, not

full but obliquely and broadly rounded at the humeri, the reflexed

margins distinct and coarsely, distantly punctate; disk evenly

and moderately convex, deeply and coarsely striate, the strize

coarsely and unevenly punctate; intervals convex, distinct to

the sides but frequently interrupted, more tuberculosely so toward

tip. Length 12.0-14.0 mm.; width 4.5-5.5 mm.

Alaska to Oregon. The female type described above is from

Fort Wrangel, Alaska, and presumably represents the true mar-

ginatus. Other representatives differ slightly; for example, a

male from Oregon has the oblique sides of the prothorax almost

straight behind, the sublateral impressions feebler and the surface

alutaceous with violaceous reflection toward the sides. Another

female, without locality label, has a smaller and shorter prothorax,

which is duller black and without distinct indication of metallic

lustre; finally a number of specimens from Washington State are

very small, perhaps representing a geographical subspecies. The

assumed typical form has the sides of the prothorax distinctly

sinuate toward base, and the sublateral impressions very lone

and strong; as is frequently the case, the prothorax of the female

‘is smaller than.in the male.

36. B. confusus n. sp.—Elongate, feebly ventricose, shining throughout,

the pronotum not distinctly alutaceous, piceous-black, piceous beneath, the

elytra metallic zneo-cupreous in lustre, the reflexed margins brighter viridi-

geneous. Head moderately stout and elongate, the median parts of the vertex

very Slightly wrinkled transversely ; supra-orbital ridges fine posteriorly ;

gene scarcely at all developed, with a very minute angulate notch ; antennz

slender, scarcely 34 as long as the body, the base joint moderately stout, about

as long as the next two, the seta at apical sixth. Prothorax relatively mod-

erate in size, scarcely as long as wide, moderately dilated and rounded an-

teriorly, broadly subangulate at apical 7%, the sides thence oblique and al-

most perfectly straight to the base ; angles much more than right, bluntly

rounded ; base rather wide, somewhat more than 14 the maximum width and.

fully as wide as the head ; disk feebly convex, the median line and sublateral

impressions deep, the latter sigmoid, extending to apical fourth. Hlytra

elongate-elliptical, not at all full but broadly and obliquely rounded at the

humeri, nearly 14 longer than wide, not quite 3 times as long as the prothorax

and not more than twice as wide, the reflexed margins moderate in width and.

coarsely, unevenly punctate ; disk evenly and moderately convex, coarsely

and irregularly punctate, the punctures arranged in vaguely defined, feebly:

impressed strizform series, the intervals convex and much disintegrated..

Length 11.7-13.7 mm.; width 4.8-5.6 mm.

Rs?

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 337

Locality doubtful.

The male, which is the type of the above description, represents

a species closely allied to marginatus, but differing in its jess an-

teriorly inflated prothorax, with feebler reflexed margins and

much straighter oblique sides, more narrowly elongate-elliptical

elytra, with less impressed and very much less defined elytral

striz, in its rather smaller size, more neous and less coppery-

red elytra and other characters. The anterior tarsi are moder-

ately dilated, with the soles very finely and extremely densely

papillose, that of the first joint small, rounded and occupying

scarcely apical third, the fourth without papille beneath; the in-

tercoxal plate of the mesosternum is deeply concave. The female

is larger, with the prothorax relatively smaller, but otherwise

similar, and the elytra but little more broadly elliptical and not

at all fuller at the humeri. The two examples before me are

without indication of locality, but were undoubtedly taken at

some point on the coast between northern California and Alaska.

37. KB. cordatus Lec.—Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1853, p. 399; Horn:

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, p. 178.

Rather elongate and moderately ventricose, highly polished

throughout and deep black, sometimes with a faint violaceous

metallic reflection. Head rather small, moderately elongate, the

transverse nuchal constriction behind the eyes distinct though

shallow; vertex perfectly smooth; genze very feebly developed,

the notch small or evanescent; supra-orbital ridges becoming

fine posteriorly ; antenne slender, scarcely 2 as long as the body,

the basal joint moderately thickened, but longer than the next

two, the seta between apical fifth and sixth. Prothorax relatively

moderate in size, nearly as long as wide, rounded anteriorly, nar-

rowly rounded just before the middle, the sides rather strongly

sinuate nearer the base than usual, the angles nearly right and

bluntly rounded; base 4 the maximum width and as wide as the

head; disk feebly convex, the median line rather distinct, the

sublateral impressions parallel and strong, ending abruptly at

basal 2; side margins moderately reflexed. Elytra elongate, sub-

cordiform, nearly 4 longer than wide, 3 times as long as the pro-

thorax and about 2; times as wide, full toward the humeri,

which are strongly and subtransversely rounded at base, gradu-

ally pointed and rounded in ogive behind the middle; margins

well reflexed and coarsely punctured; disk very depressed, nar-

338 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rowly declivo-convex near the sides, the strize rather fine, im-

pressed, somewhat discontinuous, especially toward the sides,

where, contrary to the general rule, they are less impressed ;

punctures moderately coarse and somewhat uneven; intervals

slightly convex and even throughout. Length 13.0-13.7 mm.;

width 5.0—-5.5 mm.

California (near Monterey).

The intercoxal plate of the mesosternum seems to vary greatly

in different individuals, in the female described above being more

elongate than usual, convex and without elevated margins, while

in another specimen, which is seemingly its male, the plate is

rounded and deeply concave. The anterior tarsi of the male are

extremely feebly dilated, with the pubescent pad of the first joint

very small and apical. A female from Santa Cruz seems to indi-

cate a variety or perhaps a closely allied species, with larger elytra,.

narrower base of the prothorax and more obtuse basal angles.

Although similar to the others in general organization, this

species departs remarkably in facies because of the depressed

elytra, which are more abruptly rounded at base and more gradu-

ally pointed at apex. It represents as distinct a group as mar-

ginatus, and there are possibly several closely allied forms in-

cluded at present in our cabinets.

PEMPHUS Motsch.

The species of Pemphus are much less numerous than those of

Brennus, but inhabit the same faunal regions; they are, however,

more boreal, and do not extend to the southward further than the

northern parts of California. They are distinguished by the feeble

and subeffaced sculpture of the elytra, the latter being much

more depressed toward base, narrower and elongate form of body,

longer legs, and by the spinose and not pubescent inner lobe of

the maxilla. Owing to the relatively much more elongate ab-

domen of the female, the femora extend only to the tips of the

elytra in that sex; in the male they extend far beyond the elytra.

The three species before may be readily distinguished among

themselves as follows :—

Basal joint of the anterior tarsi in the male densely pubescent beneath almost:

throughout its entire extent; prothorax widest and broadly rounded at.

the sides far before the middle; sides of the elytra reflexed and with

coarse punctures.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 339

Prothorax not longer than wide, the sides distinctly sinuate near the base;

elytra red-brown with polished metallic green or cupreous side margins.

angusticollis Fisch.

Prothorax elongate, the sides feebly oblique toward base and less distinctly

sinuate; elytra deep black, generally with more obscure metallic margins.

velutinus Menét.

Basal joint of the anterior male tarsi densely pubescent beneath only in apical

half; prothorax widest and broadly angulate at the sides barely before the

middle; sides of the elytra not reflexed and obscurely sculptured, having

merely a minute elevated ed@e...............00..ceseseocececeeeere lomgipes n. sp.

In the first two species the reflexed side margins of the pro-

thorax are also occasionally feebly metallic greenish in lustre.

P. longipes.—Elongate, moderately ventricose; body above deep and

opaque black throughout, the legs and under surface shining and with an ex-

tremely faint violaceous lustre. Head very elongate, the vertex smooth; gen

thick, but little dilated, with a small angular notch heneath the eyes; neck

long, without trace of constriction; supra-orbital ridges fine behind, moderate

and subangulate above the antennze; eyes relatively rather small in size; an-

tennze very long, nearly ®4 as long as the body, slender, feebly thickened

toward base, the first joint thicker, elongate, feebly sigmoid, 2.7 mm. in

length, much shorter than the next two; third joint 2 mm. in length. Pro-

thorax distinctly longer than wide, moderately dilated anteriorly, the sides

feebly convergent and broadly, feebly arcuate from just before the middle to

the apex, more strongly oblique and nearly straight posteriorly to basal sixth,

there sinuate and thence parallel and straight to the base; angles right and

slightly blunt; base 24 the maximum width and scarcely as wide as the head;

disk almost flat, the impressions all extremely feeble; reflexed side margins

nearly as in velutinus. lytra, viewed perpendicularly, *¢ longer than wide,

3 times as long as the prothorax and 2%4 times as wide, widest near apical

third, the sides thence feebly and evenly arcuate to the base, the humeri

wholly undistinguishable, disk in profile vertical behind and slightly pro-

duced at tip, very feebly convex anteriorly, not striate but with minute sub-

obsolete punctures arranged serially, with three intervals on each a little more

pronounced as usual; margin nearly flat, more coarsely but unevenly punctate,

the punctures broadly impressed and with a single series of minute, widely

separated but strongly elevated granules; minute subvertical edge finer than

that of the prothorax. Length 20.0 mm.; width 8.8 mm; length of head to

extremity of mandibles 5.7 mm.; length of hind tibia 9.5 mm.

California (Humboldt Co.).

I obtained a single male of this species near the coast ; it was

at the time walking with rather slow straddling gait on the sur-

face of a decayed log. The sides of the elytra are very oblique

before posterior third, and there is scarcely a trace of the broadly

rounded humeri of angusticollis and velutinus.

340 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

CALOSOMA Weber.

The following species, apparently hitherto undescribed, have

been received from time to time from various sources.

C. marginalis n. sp.—Elongate and parallel, moderately convex, deep

black, without metallic lustre except in the narrow concave elytral margins,

which are violaceous ; surface shining as in lugubris. Head less than 144 as

wide as the prothorax, feebly rugose toward the eyes but not distinctly punc-

tate at any part ; epistomal impressions narrow but very deep ; antennz mod-

erate, the third joint fully 3 times as long asthe second. Prothorax trans-

verse, fully twice as wide as long, widest just behind the middle where the

sides are bluntly angulate, thence strongly convergent and evenly arcuate to

the apex and rather more convergent and straight to the base, meeting the

latter in an obtuse though very well marked angle, the immediate vertex of

which is prominent and acute ; base and apex equal in width, the former

broadly arcuate, feebly sinuate at each side, the middle much more advanced

posteriorly than the basal angles; disk rather feebly but evenly convex, broadly

impressed laterally toward base, the side margins defined merely by a thick re-

flexed bead ; median line fine but distinct ; surface smooth except a few fine

irregular creases and wholly impunctate. Llytra elongate, nearly twice as

' long as wide, 14 wider than the prothorax, only just visibly wider at apical

third ; side margins moderately wide, becoming very fine at the humeri ; sur-

face smooth, moderately convex, with equal and wholly unimpressed series of

extremely minute and subeffaced punctures, with a few scattered coarse punc-

tures toward base, the lateral margin rather strongly and somewhat distantly

punctate and with an entire series of minute elevated granules ; three dorsal

series effaced and barely traceable. Zegs moderate in length; deep black

throughout. Length 26.0 mm.; width 10.0 mm.

Arizona ?

The single male from the Levette cabinet, without locality

label, represents a species allied to lugubris, but differing in its

much narrower and more elongate form, violaceous elytral mar-

gins, relatively broader prothorax and absence of punctures on

the head. The anterior tarsi are rather strongly dilated, with

the first three joints densely pubescent beneath, and the hind

trochanters are simple.

C. spomsa n. sp.—Moderately stout, the head and prothorax very small

when compared with the elytra ; integuments deep black throughout, with-

out trace of metallic coloring at any part, the surface strongly shining and

very smooth. Hedd small though rather more than 14 as wide as the prothorax,

feebly rugulose, finely and sparsely punctulate, the epistomal impressions mod-

erate ; labrum transverse at apex, with a small rounded median notch near

which the surface is deeply impressed and finely pubescent, the setigerous

punctures coarse, 4 in number ; antennz rather short, less than 144 as long as

a ai

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 341

the body, the third joint about 3 times as long as the second. Prothorax

transverse, barely twice as wide as long, widest at the middle where the sides

are prominently rounded, thence moderately convergent and strongly arcuate

to the apex, oblique and straight to the base, the latter barely as wide as the

apex, broadly, feebly arcuate, deeply sinuate for a short distance near the

angles, which are right and posteriorly prominent, extending fully as far

backward as the median parts ; disk broadly, evenly and feebly convex, im-

pressed near the basal angles, the side margins defined by a thick reflexed

bead ; surface smooth and almost sculptureless, but becoming rapidly coarsely

and sparsely punctured at the sides, densely and more finely punctured in the

impressions ; median line fine and feeble. lytra oblong, scarcely more than

2¢ longer than wide, 5¢ wider than the prothorax, slightly wider at apical

third than at base, the side margins very narrowly reflexed ; surface moder-

ately convex, smooth, with wholly unimpressed equal series of extremely

minute punctures, which become slightly more evident and to some extent

transverse toward base, the three series on intervals 4, 8 and 12 composed of

very fine and widely spaced but quite distinct asperate punctules ; marginal

punctures only visible toward base, the submarginal series asperate and dis-

tinct throughout. Legs rather slender, black and non-metallic. Length

15.7 mm.; width 7.2 mm.

Utah.

The male type has the anterior tarsi quite moderately dilated,

the three basal joints pubescent beneath, the pubescent pad of the

first joint transversely oval and occupying less than apical third ;

the hind trochanters and intermediate tibiz are unmodified. This

species is to be plaved near peregrinator Guér. (carbonata Lec.),

but differs greatly in its small size, much smaller head and pro-

thorax, structure of the labrum and in many other details.

C. parviceps n. sp.—Rather stout, with relatively very small head and

prothorax, deep black and devoid of metallic reflection throughout, the in-

teguments rather shining. Head 34 as wide as the prothorax, evenly and

feebly convex, not rugose but finely, evenly and rather closely punctured,

becoming smooth at apex where the lateral impressions are narrow and very

deep; labrum dilated and rounded at the sides, transverse at apex, with a

broad and very shallow median sinuation, the surface transversely impressed;

antenne short and rather stout, only slightly longer than the head and pro-

thorax, the third joint fully 3 times as long as the second. Prothorax moder-

ately transverse, about #5 wider than long, widest at the middle where the

sides are obtusely and somewhat bluntly angulate, thence very moderately

convergent and broadly, evenly arcuate to the apex, oblique and straight be-

hind, becoming slightly sinuate near the base, the latter rather narrower than

the apex and somewhat as in the preceding species; disk broadly and very

feebly convex, polished, feebly wrinkled, finely and rather sparsely punctate,

the punctures becoming coarser and subcoalescent at the sides, more numerous

in the impressions near the basal angles; side margins defined by a rather thin,

342 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

strongly reflexed bead; median line fine and very feeble. Elytra oblong,

scarcely more than 14 longer than wide, fully twice as wide as the prothorax,

only slightly wider at apical third than at base, the sides very feebly arcuate

and very narrowly reflexed; disk moderately convex, with scarcely impressed

even series of extremely fine punctures, which become stronger toward base,

the intervals there becoming transversely broken by arcuate impressed lines.

as in peregrinator, the three series of interstitial asperate punctules very feeble;.

marginal punctures visible only toward base, the submarginal asperate punc-

tures rather widely separated and uneven. Legs moderate in length and quite

slender. Length 16.5 mm.; width 7.5 mm.

Arizona.

The anterior tarsi of the male have the first three joints rather

feebly dilated and densely pubescent beneath, the pad of the first

joint small and apical; the hind trochanters and intermediate legs.

are not modified. Parviceps also belongs near peregrinator, and

greatly resembles the preceding species at first glance; it how- —

ever differs in sculpture, structure of the labrum, in its much

deeper epistomal impressions, less transverse prothorax with less.

rounded side angles, shorter and broader elytra and in several

other minor characters.

C. monticola n. sp —Ovoidal, moderately stout, rather feebly convex,

deep black throughout, without metallic lustre at any part, the surface

polished, the elytra becoming somewhat alutaceous laterally and toward apex.

Head well developed, a little more than 14 as wide as the prothorax, convex,

minutely and sparsely punctate, rugose laterally behind the epistomal impres-

sions, which are narrow and deep; labrum impressed in the middle, the apex

angularly but feebly emarginate throughout the width; antennee rather short,

the outer joints glabrous on the compressed sides. Prothorax transverse, not

quite twice as wide as long, widest near apical third, the sides evenly arcuate

anteriorly, becoming more convergent and nearly straight behind, the basal

angles rounded and prominent posteriorly; base transverse and slightly nar-

rower than the apex; disk very feebly convex, broadly impressed sublaterally

toward base, the sides rather narrowly explanato-reflexed, the marginal bead

rather thin and strongly reflexed; surface minutely, sparsely punctate, the

punctures becoming rapidly larger and transversely coalescent or rugose toward

the sides; median line very fine. lytra oval, scarcely 4 longer than wide,

%¢ wider than the prothorax, wider behind the middle than at base, the sides

rather strongly arcuate; disk very moderately convex, with impunctate striz

which become gradually strongly impressed toward the sides, but almost com-

pletely effaced toward the suture, the intervals convex laterally, frequently

interrupted by transverse arcuate lines enclosing asperate tubercles, both

becoming very pronounced toward the sides and apex but wholly obsolete

toward the suture, where the intervals are flat and entire; three interstitial

series traceable by fine but slightly more pronounced and remotely separated

x Sg

* t

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 3438

asperate granules. Legs rather short and slender. Length 16.0 mm.; width

7.8 mm.

Nevada (Reno).

Related rather closely to Juxata, but differing in the very un-

equal elytral sculpture, less punctured head and other characters.

It belongs to the subgenus Callisthenes of Fischer.

C. arcuiata n. sp.—Stout, deep black throughout, without metallic reflec-

tion at any part except a feeble trace of bluish lustre in the reflexed elytral mar-

gins. Head moderate in size, finely, sparsely punctate except anteriorly, and

feebly rugose, especially toward the sides, the median parts of the front at a

short distance behind the apical margin slightly tumid, a small median im-

pression between the tumidity and apex quite distinct ; epistomal impressions

deep ; labrum subtruncate at apex, with a feeble sinuation at the middle, the

edge thence toward each side also feebly sinuate, the dorsal impression coarsely

hairy ; mandibles stout, striato-rugose, punctulate, the apex very acute and

much produced internally ; antennz short, barely as long as the head and pro-

thorax, the compressed sides of the outer joints only glabrous toward base.

Prothorax large, transverse, not quite twice as wide as long, widest slightly before

the middle, the sides evenly arcuate anteriorly, becoming slightly less so be-

hind the middle to the basal angles, which are broadly arcuate posteriorly and

only slightly produced backward, the base transverse ; apex broadly, angularly

emarginate, with a coarse flattened bead ; disk broadly and moderately con-

vex, broadly explanato-reflexed and broadly impressed toward the basal angles,

the marginal bead narrow and strongly reflexed ; surface confusedly creased,

minutely and densely punctulate, also finely punctured near apex and base and

more coarsely toward the sides, densely in the impressions ; median line very

fine. Elytra oval, scarcely 14 longer than wide, not more than 14 wider than

the prothorax and but little more than 244 times as long; sides strongly,

evenly arcuate, the margins rather narrowly, but strongly reflexed and con-

fusedly punctate throughout ; disk very strongly convex, with extremely mi-

nutely punctulate series which are feebly impressed toward apex, wholly unim-

pressed elsewhere except 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 12, which are somewhat impressed

throughout ; flanks becoming feebly punctulate toward the marginal concav-

ity ; the entire surface is also feebly, transversely and unevenly creased in a

scratch-like manner ; three interstitial series not traceable. Legs rather short.

Length 18.5 mm. ; width 8.5 mm.

Arizona.

This distinct species of the subgenus Callisthenes is to be com- |

pared only with latzpennis of Horn, but differs in the female, the

only sex of either known to me, in its shorter and stouter form,

- with much larger prothorax, which is broadly explanate and re- '

flexed toward the basal angles, the latter being much more broadly

arcuate, in its very much more convex elytra with more arcuate

sides and more confused marginal punctuation, relatively larger

head, and in numerous other features.

344 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

In latipennis, the sides of the prothorax are parallel and quite

evenly arcuate throughout, and the edges of the elytra behind

the humeri are said to have a few serrations, of which there is no

trace in arcuata; at the same time, however, there is no trace of

them discoverable in the single specimen before me from Tulare

Co., California, which I have assumed to represent latipennis.

Norers. — Of calida, a species of extended distribution, I

have before me specimens which seem to represent rather well de-

fined subspecies. One of these, from Lake Superior, which I

have called stellata, is similar,in form to the typical calida, but

has the elytral strize quite feeble, with the greenish-golden spots

very large and brillant and more approximate than in the normal

forms. Another, from Keokuk, Iowa, which may be named ex-

pansa, has the prothorax very large, with the sides very broadly

reflexo-explanate and distinctly greenish-metallic in lustre; the

elytra in the male are only a fourth wider than the prothorax, but

quite similar in every other respect to those of the normal forms,

except that the coppery spots are smaller. A third, from Las

Vegas, New Mexico, which may be denominated laticollis, has

the body larger, broader and less convex than in the normal

forms, the elytra more parallel and only just visibly wider behind

the middle than at base; the antenne are deep black throughout,

and do not become pale toward apex as in the usual forms, and

the coppery spots of the elytra are obscure.

In a similar manner with regard to say, I have taken specimens

at the electric lights in Norfolk, Va., which represent quite a

marked subspecies; it is narrower, with the middle tibiz of the

male less bent and the pubescent pad of the first tarsal joint en-

tire; in the larger western forms of sayz, this pad is divided

along the median line by a glabrous area. This subspecies may

be called virginica.

A female specimen from Indiana appears to form a subspecies

of frigida, which may be named levettei. It is similar in form

and sculpture to the normal forms, but is a little more elongate,

with a smaller and less transverse prothorax, which has no trace

of the concave lateral margin of frigida, the surface being even in

curvature to the reflexed marginal bead; the disk is distinctly

less than twice as wide as long. In the typical forms the surface

of the elytra has a feeble violaceous lustre, but in leveftez the en-

tire surface is deep black.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 345

A subspecies of obsoleta, represented before me by two males

‘from Fort Wingate, New Mexico, and from an unrecorded locality

in Kansas, may be named microsticta; it is nearly similar in

form and size to obsoleta, but has the elytra still shorter and

broader, with the strize less impressed, the transverse lines feebler

and more approximate, with the punctures at the points of junc-

ture with the strize more pronounced; there are three well marked

series of distinct though small, distant, steel-blue or violet foveolz

oneach elytron. In the form and sculpture of the head and pro-

thorax it is similar to obsoleta, but in the latter the foveole of the

elytra are all but obsolete.

Pimeliodes Walk, zimmermanni Lec. and striatula Lec., are

distinct species and should not be considered subspecies of luxata.

The first differs from the second in its larger size, broader form,

more pronounced elytral tubercles and much finer and closer

punctuation of the head and pronotum; as shown by a good

series these characters are perfectly constant. The third differs

from either of the others in its deeper striz, more irregularly

interrupted intervals and less pronounced tubercles ; the sculp-

ture of the head and pronotum are nearly as in zammermanni.

ELAPHRUWS Latr.

The following species is allied rather closely to levigatus, and

represents it in the middle coast regions of California.

E. politus n. sp.—Moderately narrow, convex, black and highly pol-

ished throughout, the legs dark rufo-piceous; head with but feeble traces of

metallic lustre at any part; depression near the basal angles of the prothorax

greenish, the foveole of the elytra with a green or violaceous metallic reflec-

tion. Head scarcely as wide as the prothorax, nearly smooth on the convexi-

ties, finely punctate in the small depressions, of which there are two arranged

longitudinally on the median line of the vertex, one, punctiform, at each side

of the neck near the eye, and the usual feeble two on the front; vertex sepa-

rated from the neck by a sensible transverse impression; labrum impressed

along the median line; antennze moderate. Prothorax slightly wider than

long, the sides strongly rounded, constricted before the base, the sides thence

divergent and straight to the basal angles, which are right and not in the least

blunt; base broadly, evenly arcuate; disk convex, smooth, impunctate except

in the sublateral basal depression; sublateral pit before the middle feeble,

slightly punctate; impressed median line short between the vague transverse

angular impressions, which also have a few scattered punctures; under surface

minutely and densely punctured on the propleurz, the hypomera impunctate.

Elytra % longer than wide, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, slightly

346 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

widest behind the middle, smooth and impunctate, the foveole nearly as in

levigatus but smaller, feebler and less perfectly defined. Legs moderate in

length, the femora somewhat metallic greenish, the anterior tibise and tarsi

violaceous; first four joints of the anterior male tarsi feebly dilated. Length

6.5-6.8 mm. ; width 2.8-3.0 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The three specimens, which I took in the suburbs of the city,

represent a species which is smaller than levigatus,and which dif-

fers besides in its smaller head, feebler pronotal impressions with

shorter median line, and still finer and very much denser punctu-

ation of the propleure.

PROMECOGNATHUS Chaud.

The body in this genus is very smooth, highly polished and

impunctate, even the elytral striz being wholly obliterated.

There are two supra-orbital sete, and usually two anterior and

one basal seta at each side of the pronotum. Of the two de-

scribed species, crassus has the elytra much shorter and

broader than lzevissimus, and is a stouter insect in all its propor-

tions ; the following is almost as much more slender than lxvissi-

mus, as the latter is narrower than crassus.

P. debilis n. sp.—Slender, moderately convex, very highly polished and

sculptureless, dark piceous-brown in color throughout. Head nearly as in

levissimus, except the mandibles which are shorter, the left much less pro-

longed inwardly and less aciculate at apex. Prothorax fully 4 longer than

wide and much narrower than in /exvissimus, widest near apical third, the sides

evenly rounded, gradually convergent posteriorly, sinuate near the base, the

sides thence straight and parallel to the basal angles, which are slightly obtuse

but not in the least blunt and feebly reflexed dorsally, the impression of the

surface being quite deep. lytra evenly elliptical, 34 longer than wide, %

wider than the prothorax and less than twiceas long ; sides broadly and evenly

arcuate. Length 9.0 mm.; width 2.8 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz).

There are no well marked structural characters to distinguish

this species from either of the other two, but on comparing the

type with a very large series of /evissimus, its distinctness seems

to be apparent at once. It is only because of the completeness

of this series and the absence of any approach to the present

form, even in its smallest components, that I have deemed it ad-

visable to found a species upon the unique individual taken by

myself about ten years ago. The type bears no special evidences

of immaturity other than its paler color.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. B47

DIPLOCHILA Brull.

The species of Diplochila are quite limited in number and

closely resemble each other in external characters. The labrum

is deeply sinuate at the middle of the apex, with the surface

convex and unimpressed, the left mandible acute, the right

broadly truncate in a line which is longitudinal when the mandi-

bles are closed. The first three tarsal joints of the male are

somewhat excentrically dilated, and are coarsely and uniformly

squamulose beneath. The anti known to me may be thus

identified :—

Hind angles of the prothorax well defined.

Prothorax but slightly narrower at apex than at base; outer striz of the

elytra generally somewhat distinct; head larger, much more than 44 as

wide as the prothorax.

Elytra black throughout; apical angles of the prothorax more feebly

deflexed and well rounded....................2ceeeeees impressicollis Dej.

Elytra black, the intervals alternately dark rufo-testaceous in color;

apical angles of the prothorax strongly deflexed and narrowly rounded.

altermans 0D. sp.

Prothorax much narrower at apex than at base, the marginal bead at apex

much less broadly reflexed and the head smaller, generally about 14 as

wide as the prothorax or less; outer strize of the elytra more or less

completely obliterated.

Prothorax widest at the middle.................ccscececescocsescsees cliems n. sp.

Prothorax widest well behind the middle.

Larger species, the apical thoracic angles well rounded.

laticollis Lec.

Small, the apical angles right and only slightly blunt; surface more

DOLSH EME Msasce cee cies tes cakconcenes cue tey eseeean au ates ec eses MUpera nz. sp.

Hind angles of the prothorax obtuse mal ill-defined; outer strize of the elytra

MECD LEM setae ioseec suas iescedeeatcsenmerecton ce ouaasndendcuieteraubuenseantantdeentty obtusa Lec.

The new species referred to in the table are described below.

D. altermnans.—Moderately stout and convex, black, the elytral inter-

vals 2, 5 and 7 rufous; head polished, the remainder feebly alutaceous in

lustre. Head convex, nearly 74 as wide as the prothorax, the eyes rather

prominent and the neck but slightly constricted; frontal impressions rather

pronounced; mandibles feebly punctulate toward tip; palpi piceous, the apices

of the joints pale. Prothorax nearly 35 wider than long, widest at or just

before the middle, the sides almost evenly arcuate; basal angles more than

right but not rounded; disk very feebly convex, more strongly as usual

toward the apical angles, flattened toward the basal angles, the inner impres-

sion pronounced, the outer extremely feeble; median line fine but distinct;

surface wholly impunctate. Elytra %5 longer than wide, 1s wider than the

Se Oe

348 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

prothorax and more than 3 times as long; sides parallel and very feebly

arcuate; apex obtuse, with very feeble sinuation; strize pronounced through-

out the width, feebly punctulate, the intervals perceptibly convex. Under

surface and legs deep black and polished throughout. Length 14.5 mm.;

width 6.0 mm.

Lake Superior (Bayfield).

The smaller size of the body, still more distinct outer striz, and

wider basal angles of the prothorax, will readily distinguish this

species from 7mpressicollis, in addition to the characters of the

table.

D. cliens.—Rather stout and quite convex, deep black throughout, the

upper surface somewhat strongly shining, the head polished. Head moderate in

size, not distinctly more than 4% as wide as the prothorax, convex, the eyes

moderately prominent and the neck scarcely constricted ; frontal impressions

rather shallow; mandibles extremely minutely and remotely punctulate toward

tip ; palpi slender, piceous, the apices of the joints paler ; antennz slender,

but slightly longer than the head and prothorax, the basal joint but slightly

thicker. Prothorax 35 wider than long, widest at the middle where the sides

are rather broadly rounded, thence feebly convergent and straight to the basal

angles, which are slightly more than right ; apex °4 as wide as the base ; sur-

face broadly convex, flattened and broadly depressed toward the basal angles,

the impression rather feeble ; median line fine. Elytra barely % longer than

wide, fully *¢ wider than the prothorax and barely 3 times as long ; sides par-

allel and distinctly arcuate ; striz subobliterated toward the sides, rather deep

toward the suture, not evidently punctulate. Length 15.0 mm.; width 6.5mm.

Kansas.

Allied somewhat to laticollis but more convex, and with more

oval and convex and much less alutaceous elytra, less prominent

eyes and less obliterated sublateral strieze of the elytra; it is de-

scribed from the female. JLaticollis occurs at Austin, Texas, in

its normal form.

D. nupera.—Moderately stout and convex, deep black and strongly shin-

ing throughout. Head small, orbicular, convex and highly polished, the eyes

moderate in size and prominence ; frontal impressions rather shallow ; palpi

blackish-piceous, the last joint gradually pale in apical half ; antennz short

and slender. Prothorax more than 4g wider than long, widest behind the mid-

dle, the sides broadly arcuate, only very feebly convergent and feebly sinuate

toward the basal angles, which are more than right and not at all blunt, con-

verging and broadly arcuate anteriorly ; apex scarcely more than 24 as wide as

the base ; surface broadly and moderately convex, flat toward the basal angles,

the impression deep and longitudinally sulciform ; median line fine. Elytra

scarcely 2¢ longer than wide, about 1g wider than the prothorax and scarcely

3 times as long ; sides parallel and feebly arcuate ; apex rather acute, the sin-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 349

* uation scarcely traceable ; surface quite strongly convex, the first four strize

distinct, feebly punctulate, hecoming deep near the suture, the remaining

strize obsolete, the fifth only traceable toward base. Under surface alutaceous,

the legs rather short and slender. Length 9.6 mm.; width 4.2 mm.

Florida (Lake Worth).

The single female representing this species, by far the smallest

of the genus, was recently taken and very kindly placed in my

cabinet by Mr. F. Kinzel, of Palm Beach.

CALATHUS Bon.

The following species belongs to the gregarius division, in the

neighborhood of obscwrus and behrenst.

C. guadalupensis n. sp.—Rather stout, elongate-oval, somewhat con-

vex, dark rufo-testaceous in color, the elytra generally a little darker ; head

and pronotum moderately shining, the elytra opaque and lustreless, the mi-

nute reticulations strongly marked. Head longer than wide, evenly convex,

feebly constricted at base, the eyes moderately convex ; antennz slender,

scarcely 14 as long as the body, the basal joint distinctly shorter than 3-6.

Prothoraxz scarcely 14 wider than long, the sides almost evenly and moderately

arcuate, more convergent near the apex, just visibly narrower at base than be-

hind the middle ; apex between *4 and %4 as wide as the base, broadly sinuate ;

disk feebly convex, rather broadly flattened toward the basal angles, the mar-

gins gradually less broadly reflexed thence to the apex ; basal angles rounded ;

subbasal impressions very feeble ; median line very fine, obliterated toward

base and apex. Elytra oval, moderately convex, rather less than 14 longer

than wide, nearly 14 wider than the prothorax and 27 times as long; sides

broadly and evenly arcuate; strize very fine and feeble, obsolescent toward the

sides, the intervals broad and perfectly flat; three punctures of the third inter-

val distinct and near the third stria. Under surface shining, the legs rather

long and slender. Length 11.5-12.0 mm.; width 4.7-5.0 mm.

Guadalupe Island.

This species differs from behrenst and obscurus in its much

larger size, and, from the former, also in the very much smaller

and feebler punctures of the eighth stria. It is represented in my

cabinet by a very homogeneous series of six examples,

GALERITA Fabr. F

There are before me two examples which seem to represent

species not hitherto described. The members of this genus very

closely resemble each other both in form and color, but there are

certain constant differences in the vestiture, form of the head and

color of the legs, which serve amply for identification. The fol-

lowing form is closely allied to anus :—

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, March, 1897.—24.

350 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

G. thoracica n. sp.—Rather stouter than janus, but similar in color

and vestiture. Head much longer than wide, broadly subtruncate and rounded

at base, the sides becoming nearly parallel behind the eyes; antennz long and

rather thick, the basal joints unusually long. Prothoraw large, a little longer

than wide, similar in form to that of janus but more finely and densely punc-

tate and pubescent. lytra black with scarcely a trace of violaceous reflection,

dull, 34 longer than wide, slightly more than twice as wide as the prothorax

and about three times as long; outline and sculpture nearly as in janus, the

pubescence a little denser. Under surface blackish, the prosternum, pro-

pleurz and legs pale throughout. Length 21.0 mm.; width 7.0 mm.

Florida.

Differs from janus in its larger size, and especially in its much

larger and more finely and closely sculptured prothorax. The

joints of the antennz are relatively more elongate, and the first

is less narrowed at base and less clavate.

G. infirma n. sp.—Color as in californica, the body smaller and less

elongate. Head but slightly elongate, similar at base, in sculpture and in the

large rufous central spot to californica; antennz but slightly more than 4g as

long as the body. Prothorax relatively small, but slightly wider than the

head, somewhat longer than wide, nearly similar to that of californica, but

with the sides more reflexed toward apex and less convergent and more feebly

sinuate toward base. E/lytra unusually short, 44 longer than wide, 2%¢ times

as wide as the prothorax and only 3 times as long, distinctly wider behind the

middle than at base; strize quite coarse and somewhat impressed; punctures

fine and close-set. Length 14.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm.

Arizona(Yuma). Mr. Dunn.

Allied to californica, but differing very much in its shorter,

more coarsely striate elytra and smaller prothorax. The pubes-

cence is in great part rubbed off from the basal and sutural parts

of the elytra, but that which remains does not seem to be erect

as it is in californica and lecontet, which last appear to be

mutually different. This is much the smallest species of the

genus within our territorial limits, as thoracica is the largest.

There are before me two well marked geographic subspecies of

bicolor; the first, which may be called obliqua, being larger and

stouter than the normal forms, though nearly similar in other re-

spects, except that the prothorax is narrowed anteriorly from a

point more posterior; it occurs in the extreme southern parts

of Florida, the specimens in my cabinet being from Lake Worth.

The second is represented by an example somewhat smaller than

the typical forms, with relatively shorter elytra and more ab-

breviated prothorax, the latter not longer than wide, and the head

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 351

is less narrowed behind the eyes, with the tempora more rounded ;

it occurs in Iowa and may be named intermedia.

SCYDM ANID.

There is undoubtedly a strong resemblance in habitus between

the Scydmznide and Pselaphide, but whether this similarity in-

dicates a real affinity due to community of descent, or has been

gradually brought about in widely diverging descent-stems by

reason of common habits and environments, may be a debatable

point. The principal reasons for believing that the latter may be

the case, are the entire or subentire elytra, and the purely and

exceedingly constant pentamerous tarsi in the most widely di-

vergent forms, both of these characters being completely foreign

to the Pselaphide. The truth is probably, that the Scydmeenidee

have developed from staphylinid architypes, but along lines

widely diverging from the Pselaphide. The abdominal sutures

are straight, as a rule, in the Scydmenidez and arcuate in the

Pselaphide, but in the tribe Eumicrini, which is distinguished

from all other scydmzenids by a large vertical pygidium and

pselaphidous hind trochanters, the abdomen cannot be distin-

guished from that of a purely typical pselaphid, the sutures be-

ing strongly arcuate.

It is not necessary to dwell at length upon the general ana-

tomical characters of the exoskeleton, as most of these will be

brought out in the tables given below, but it may be proper to

point out some of those which seem to be either peculiar to the

Scydmeenide, or prominent features of this family. The head is

borne on a constricted neck, except in the Cephenniini, which con-

stitute for this reason a very isolated tribe. In two cases,

Chevrolatia and Lophioderus, the neck is not abruptly con-

stricted, but is elongated and deeply excavated upon its dorsal

surface. The eyes are present in every species known to our

fauna, except Cephennium anophthalmicum; they are usually

rather finely faceted. The occurrence of fovez on the vertex is

very rare in comparison with the Pselaphide, but when present

they are usually of generic import, as for example in Veraphis,

this genus being otherwise proved distinct from Eutheia by the

strong carination of the mesosternum. The mandibles are gen-

erally small, but in the European Leptomastax, become remark-

iid cee Li

: es

352 Coleopterological Notices, VILL.

ably developed, and, in that genus, the labrum, which is small

and transverse as a rule, also becomes enormously large. The

variations of the antenne and palpi are explained in the tables of

tribes and genera. .

The prothorax is an important somite in classification, especi-

ally the circular impressed foveze which are generally visible near

the basal margin, and the relative extent of the prosternum before

the cox. The form of the elytral apices, impressions at the base

of the elytra, form of the pygidium, and form and degree of sepa-

ration of the hind coxe, are all useful taxonomic elements, but

varying in importance in different tribes. The degree of separa-

tion of the coxe is, for example, much more unstable in the Eu-

connini than in the Scydmeenini, the latter tribe having, as one of

its most persistent characters, the subcontiguous cox, with a

constant narrowly cleft metasternal prolongation. The elytra

never have a trace of epipleurz, and this may be considered an

additional bond of affinity with the Pselaphide.

The side-pieces of the metasternum are rarely exposed in the

Scydmeenine, but are always distinct in the Clidicinz, where also

the hind coxe have an entirely different form. The mesosternum

is generally more or less carinate, but becomes perfectly flat in

some genera, such as Eutheia. Its parapleure are peculiarly

modified in the Scydmezenine, but in so constant a manner that

but little use can generally be made of them in classification.

The middle coxe are entirely closed by the sterna, the mes-epi-

sternum being tumid and setose and elevated above the surface

of the metasternum behind it, the epimeron, when present, forming

the obliquely sloping connecting piece, except in the remarkable

genus Ceramphis, where the conical prothorax seems to abut

directly upon the smooth and very extended metasternum.

The legs are generally rather short, the femora always more or

less clavate, the tibiz simple and without terminal spurs, the ante-

rior frequently flattened within toward apex and densely clothed on

the modified surface with short stout spinuliform vestiture, this

being a highly developed feature in the Euconnini, but so con-

stant and fixed that it affords no variations of tangible weight in

classification. The claws are small, slender, divergent and sim-

ple.

The taxonomic value of the maxillary palpi of course varies

greatly in different groups of Coleoptera. In the Aleocharini of

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 3538

the Staphylinide, a very extensive group, with structures varied

in almost every direction to an extraordinary degree, it has an

extremely fixed and constant form, while in the Omalini, the most

radical differences only serve for generic division, and, in extreme

cases of development such as Lesteva, they vary much from species

to species, in the two sexes, or even to some extent individually.

In the Pselaphide, palpal structure is also of subordinate value,

as it may vary greatly within nearly all the tribes, but in the

Scydmeenide, the structure of this organ is of great importance

because of its constancy throughout groups of genera and species,

which it is evident, for other reasons, ought to be associated to-

gether. Any decided divergence in the palpal structure is held

in this revision to have tribal weight, and is always accompanied

by other important peculiarities of structure.

Another character of vastly more importance in the present

family than in many other groups of the Coleoptera, and one

which has been singularly overlooked thus far, is the scutellum.

Even when very minute this sclerite displays an astonishing con-

stancy throughout the various genera possessing it, and, in one

case, its complete absence forms an important tribal element. It

would be as remarkable an exception for any scydmenid having

the fourth palpal joint subulate, the neck narrow and the eyes an-

terior in position, to present the slightest vestige of a scutellum,

as it would for a harpalid beetle to exhibit a claviform anten-

na. The scutellum has been made use of extensively in the

following memoir, and will be found to be a character of consid-

erable value.

The Scydmenide form an extensive family, but the species are

so small in size as a rule,and live so concealed a life, that they

are seldom collected in numbers, and, with the exception of some

six or eight species, they appear besides to be either. individually

rare or local in habitat. That they are very numerous in species,

is proved by the collecting of Mr. P. Jerome Schmitt about his

home in the mountains of Pennsylvania, where, in a single isolated

region, and that not one of the best, he has succeeded in bringing

to light about 37 distinct species, belonging to some 11 genera.

All of these were placed in my hands and have given a substan-

tial advance to our knowledge of these minute animals.

The Scydmenide are resolvably into two subfamilies by the

following characters :—

= * A

’ . : *

a ™

354 Coleopterological Notices, V1TI.

Antenne generally distinctly clavate, usually geniculate, but with the basal

joint short or moderate in length; posterior coxz always transverse or

transversely oval; metasternum large, the abdomen short; elytra never

striato-punctate; scutellum visible or not; fourth joint of the maxillary

palpi invariably Smale cece scene. ceeeees-n neem at ecces seas ace sae neees ScYDM NIN

Antenne generally filiform or gradually enlarged toward tip, but without a

distinct club, strongly geniculate, with the basal joint greatly elongated;.

posterior coxee small, globular, with a subconic and truncate prolonga-

tion, widely separated; metasternum short, the abdomen elongate; elytra.

striato-punctate except in Mastigini, and always entire; scutellum com-

pletely obsolete; fourth palpal joint more variable in size...... CLIDICINA:

These subfamilies are both represented within the limits of the

United States, but are exceedingly unequal in numerical impor-

tance, the first being abundant in genera and species, while the

second is represented by a few rare forms in the desert regions.

of the extreme southwest. The Clidicine are much better repre-

sented in Hurope by three remarkable genera.

Brathinus, which was attached to the Scydmenidez by LeConte,.

is a staphylinid, belonging to the tribe Omalini, in the vicinity

of Lesteva; it cannot, therefore, be included in the table given

above.

ScYDMANIN&.

This subfamily, which comprises within its limits all but one of

the described species of the United States, may be conveniently

separated into ten tribes by the characters which follow :—

Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi finely aciculate, subulate and oblique;

antennz widely separated at base.

Prosternum short and deeply sinuate before the coxee; hind coxe generally

attaining the sides of the body.

Head borne on a long, moderately constricted and deeply sculptured.

neck; scutellum present, though very minute............. LOPHIODERINI

Head borne on a neck which is short and abruptly constricted.

Neck narrow; eyes anterior in position, more median in Smicrophus ;.

scutellum completely wanting; hind cox usually distinctly sepa-

rated but varying greatly in this respect...............-..+.. EUCONNINI

Neck wide; eyes basal or subbasal in position; scutellum always pres-

ent; prothorax generally cordiform; hind coxze constantly very ap-

PLOMA MALE) DUt MOb COMLIGUOUS:-.. 4. .-pcaseee-eeeece se ee seseees SCYDMZNINI

Prosternum rather long and pubescent before the coxee; neck somewhat.

wide, abruptly constricted; eyes and scutellum variable; prothorax ob-

oval; hind coxze attaining the sides of the body, or very nearly; species.

All Very MIM ULES sce jee los sce soe als ss <.csie cone meee het eee emcee OPRESINI

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 355

Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi obtuse, obscure or fused rigidly to or

within the apex of the third, varying greatly in form, never acuminate

or subulate, always spongiose in structure and sometimes wanting.

Hind coxze transverse, extending to the sides of the body, rather widely

separated ; antennze widely separated at base.

Head deeply inserted and strongly deflexed, the neck invisible; eyes

basal, frequently wanting; elytra entire or subentire, more or less

rounded at tip; prosternum very short and deeply emarginate before

the coxe; scutellum large and distinct.....................00. CEPHENNIINI

Head exserted and but feebly inclined, the neck exposed and constricted;

eyes subbasal; third palpal joint smaller and more coarsely pubes-

cent.

Third palpal joint stouter, oval, obliquely truncate at tip, the trunca-

ture oval and spongiose, the fourth wanting; prosternum short and

deeply emarginate before the coxee....................:000.800- ASCYDMINI

Third joint subobconic, the fourth minute and indistinct at its apex;

prosternum rather long and well developed before the coxze.

EUTHEIINI

Hind coxe oval, not extending to the sides of the body; prosternum

always long and well developed before the coxee; antenne very ap-

proximately inserted at the apex of the front; neck strongly con-

stricted.

The front prolonged and rounded in the form of a broad tubercle; an-

tennal cavities separated by a thin partition which does not extend

to the apex of the tubercle; metasternal side-pieces concealed but

visible behind, where they extend inward and partially enclose the

cox, the latter remotely separated; elytra truncate, exposing a

feebly declivous dorsal pygidium ; third palpal joint stout, oval,

obliquely truncate at tip, the truncature feebly convex and spongy;

hind trochanters normal ..................--0-cseeeseceeeneeors CHEVROLATIINI

The front truncate and not prolonged; fourth palpal joint small, ob-

tuse and rounded, inserted axially within the apex of the third

which is elongate; pygidium vertical or greatly inclined, the ventral

segments arcuate, at least toward apex.

Posterior trochanters normal and small; antennal cavities large and

completely coalescent under the thinned and horizontal apical sur-

face of the front; metasternal side-pieces very narrow and con-

cealed by the elytra, but projecting inwardly behind to meet the

GORE Se ns nboosooodnonabohonnbcDbodadoobucboootededaadseEseonaoceNeee LEPTOSCY DMINI

Posterior trochanters elongate; antennal cavities separated by a narrow

partition, which extends to, and forms part of, the apical declivity

Oi WOE TOM rcscooccoomnsocosasnacos ogocecHoooNeSoSanueNdecHCoadooGnG oF EUMICRINI

Of these tribes, the Ascydmini, Eutheiini, Chevrolatiini and

Leptoscydmini have not as yet occurred upon the Pacific coast,

and the Eumicrini are only represented there by a single extra-

ordinary form in the extreme south, which does not properly form

356 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

part of the Pacific coast fauna; the Opresini are probably repre-

sented in those regions by Scydmeznus ovithorax Bndl.

LOPHIODERINI.

The very elongate neck, with peculiar dorsal sculpture, indi-

cates a marked isolation of Lophioderus from any other type of

Scydmeenide, and in fact renders it as aberrant among the tribes

with subulate fourth palpal joint, or Scydmznide subulipalpi, as

Chevrolatia is among those having that joint rigidly fused to the

third ; it should therefore constitute a distinct tribal group.

LOPHIODERUS n. gen.

The head in this genus is porrect and greatly exserted, borne

upon a long, moderately constricted neck, which is carinate and

biexcavate upon its dorsal surface, the eyes median in position,

and the antennz widely separated and strongly modified in struc-

ture in the male. The maxillary palpi are of the usual type pre-

vailing in the large tribes Huconnini and Scydmeenini, the fourth

joint being distinct, subulate, finely acuminate and inserted ob-

liquely in the hollowed apex of the third joint. The mandibles

are unusually small, and appear to be hidden when closed under

the large declivous and conical clypeus. The prothorax is more

elongate than usual in this family, carinate at the sides pos-

teriorly and impressed transversely near the base, but without

submedian fovee, the prosternum deeply emarginate and quite

short before the cox, with an oval pubescent foveiform excava-

tion before each.* Thescutellum is present between the bases of

the elytra, but is extremely small and somewhat elongate in form.

The elytra are entire, conjointly rounded at apex and are of the

usual structure and pronounced convexity prevailing in the Hucon-

nini.

The metasternal side-pieces are entirely covered by the elytra,

the hind coxee very wide, extending to the sides of the body and

completely contiguous, the posterior edge of the metasternum

* The fact that this abbreviation of the prosternum before the coxee is as evi-

dent in the present type, with elongated prothorax, as is the large develop-

ment of this part in forms like Eutheia, with short and broad prothorax, shows

that the relative development of the prosternum before the coxe is a really im-

portant tribal character, and is not due directly to the mere greater or less

elongation of the prothorax.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 357

having a very minute circular emargination at the middle, which

is evidently a remnant of the deep fissure observable in the nar-

row produced intercoxal process in Scydmeenini. The middle

cox are contiguous, with the acetabula apparently confluent and

bordered along their entire posterior edge with short dense pale

and scale-like pubescence. ‘The abdomen is normal and the dor-

sal pygidium not exposed. Legs generally well developed, slen-

der, with the femora noticeably clavate and the hind tarsi slender,

the four basal joints decreasing more or less rapidly in length.

The four species represented before me may be separated as

follows :—

Body uniformly testaceous or ferruginous in color.

Larger, the transverse impression of the pronotum narrowly but completely

' interrupted at the middle.

Prothorax feebly constricted at the sides near the base; male antennze

without an excavated arc, the fifth joint short but much wider than the

OLMCTS Mere ean ree nema cal nent ten eu aneae duce subAsuie seauestecmeecsica ces 1 biformis

Prothorax parallel and not constricted near the base, the male antennze

with a deep and regular arcuate excavation internally involving joints

POMMMCOPSEX ee ae nneiriean demarcate atone seosde sen ccesaestdsatecsoosenesben 2 arcifer

Smaller and more slender, the transverse impression more broadly but

feebly and incompletely interrupted at the middle................ 3 gracilis

Body black, the elytra rufo-testaceous; transverse impression of the pronotum

MOtAb all IM terEUpPLeds vcuresace seas ss seeg case <moesasecmawslisorsedeessvceswiee 4 myops

In geographical range the genus Lophioderus is confined, as far

as known, to the Pacific coast line, from the vicinity of Monterey

probably to the Aleutian Peninsula. It will prove to be rather

abundant in species.

1. L. biformis Makl.—Bull. Mosc., 1852, p. 330 (Scydmzenus. )

Hlongate-oval, somewhat stout, polished, impunctate, dark rufo-

testaceous, the legs and antenne slightly paler and more brownish ;

pubescence sparse, pale and coarse, longer, denser and bristling on

the neck, short and erect at the sides of the prothorax, rather short,

even and strongly recurved on the elytra. Head with the neck dis-

tinctly longer than wide, the eyes at the middle of the sides, mod-

erate in size but very convex and prominent; antennal prominences

large but feeble, the front broadly impressed and feebly declivous

between them, the clypeus long, with a conical, strongly de-

clivous surface and broadly rounded apex; labrum short and

transverse; mandibles small; neck long, broadly constricted, the

sides from the eyes to the prothorax feebly convergent and

358 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

broadly sinuate, broadly depressed above and with two deep

impressions, separated by a narrow longitudinal carina. An-

tennz* about 3 as long as the body, rather stout, the last four or

five joints constituting a parallel, moderately dilated club; first

joint cylindrical, twice as long as wide, not quite as long as the

next two and slightly thicker; second only slightly shorter,

feebly obconical, + longer than wide, more than twice as long as

the third and slightly thicker; third not quite as long as wide,

more rounded internally; fourth # wider than the third, trans-

versely oval, $ wider than long; fifth 2 wider than the preceding,

obtusely produced externally, nearly 2 wider than long, wider

than the succeeding two and as wide as eight to ten; sixth parallel-

sided, almost as long as wide; seventh obtrapezoidal, slightly

wider than the sixth, a little wider than long; eight to ten slightly

wider than the seventh, subequal, distinctly transverse; eleventh

not wider, conoidal at apex, as long as the two preceding ; joints

one to three polished and sparsely setose, four to eleven finely

asperulate and densely clothed with short coarse hairs in addition

to the setz. Prothorax parallel, slightly longer than wide, +

wider than the head, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly,

moderately constricted toward base; surface carinate at each side

toward base, with a transverse impression near the base, stronger

toward the middle, where it is interrupted by a narrow abrupt

elevation not rising above the general surface ; at each side along

the lateral carinz there is an elongate foveiform impression. Scu-

tellum very small, slightly elongate. Elytra elongate-oval, fully

> longer than wide, 24 times as long as the prothorax and twice as

wide, slightly wider and a little more rounded at the sides just

before the middle; apex conjointly rounded; humeri obsolete, the

sides oblique to the base ; humeral plica long, acutely elevated, the

impression long and deep; inner fovea large and deep, its

impression large, becoming rapidly shallow posteriorly ; sub-

sutural impressions obsolete, the suture not beaded. Legs long,

*As in nearly all clavicorn Coleoptera, the enlarged outer joints of the an-

tenn are not exactly circular in cross section, and the form of these joints

therefore varies with the point of view, sometimes very greatly. Throughout

the present revision the dimensions given refer to the broadest or compressed

side of the antenne. Itis hoped that the considerable detail given will be

found valuable to some degree in identifying closely allied species, and will

not prove to be wholly unwarranted by reason of individual variation. AS

far as I have been able to discover this variability is not pronounced.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 359

the femora all strongly clavate. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Alaska (Prince of Wales Island) and Queen Charlotte Islands.

The specimen described is a male, taken by Mr. H. F. Wickham.

Mr. Keen states that he has taken it at Massett, but I have not seen

any examples from that region. This and the next are by far the

largest and stoutest species of the four known to me.

2. L. arcifer n. sp.—Suboval, rather stout and ventricose, polished, im-

punctate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz but slightly

paler; pubescence moderately abundant, coarse, not very long, suberect and

strongly recurved, shorter and not conspicuous on the prothorax, denser and

coarse at the sides, very sparse and inconspicuous on the head except toward

base, where there are many long erect and conspicuous hairs and slender

spinules bristling over the nuchal excavations. Head with the neck a little

longer than wide, the surface convex anteriorly but gradually declivous to the

neck, which is deeply excavated transversely, the hollow bisected by a fine

longitudinal carina of moderate elevation; clypeus moderate in length,

broadly rounded, the surface subconical; eyes not very large, at the middle

of the sides, convex and prominent. Antennz distinctly longer than the head

and prothorax, stout, gradually enlarged distally; basal joint cylindric, as

long as the next two and thicker, scarcely 45 longer than wide; second feebly

obconic, scarcely 14 longer than wide; third equally wide but very short, sub-

lenticular, twice as wide as long; four to six enlarged and closely connected,

the three having within a common deeply hollowed excavation, which is even

and extremely finely, densely rugulose and pubescent, the hairs very short;

seven to eleven normal, gradually and slowly increasing in thickness; seventh

about 24 as wide as the sixth; seven to ten almost perfectly similar in form,

obtrapezoidal, slightly wider than long; eleventh as Jong as the two preceding,

gradually and obliquely pointed. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, 75

wider than the head; sides carinate and parallel in about basal half, feebly

convergent and slightly arcuate thence to the apex, which is truncate and

nearly * as wide as the base; disk transversely impressed near the basal

margin, the impression very finely and abruptly interrupted at the middle,

and also with a deep, slightly elongate-oval fovea at each side near the carina

and not connected with the transverse impression. Scutellum small, elongate-

oval, flat. Elytra 44 longer than wide, 2?¢ times as long as the prothorax and

twice as wide, oval, widest near basal ?¢ but with the sides broadly and very

evenly arcuate, gradually parabolic behind; humeri obliquely and more strongly

rounded; humeral plica long, oblique, acute, the subhumeral impression long,

narrow, deep and oblique; basal fovea distinct, its impression large, oval;

subsutural impressions subobsolete, the suture very faintly beaded toward base;

the bead becoming lost at the apex of the scutellum. Legs well developed, the -

four anterior femora rather strongly clavate, the posterior evidently less

strongly; tibize gradually very narrow toward base; tarsi slender. Length 1.9

mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Oregon (Astoria). Mr. Schwarz.

360 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The singular arcuate excavation on the interior surface of

antennal joints four to six is very distinct is the male above de-

scribed. This species resembles biformis in the general form and

size of the body, but differs profoundly in the antenne, there

being no suggestion of a regular arcuate excavation in that

Species, in its longer and more abundant pubescence, more

strongly and obliquely narrowed elytra posteriorly, smaller

lateral fovea of the pronotum and in many other features.

3. L. gracilis Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155 (Seyd-

mezenus ).

Elongate-oval, narrow, polished, impunctate, pale ferruginous

throughout, the antenne and legs concolorous ; pubescence sparse,

moderate in length, coarse, pale in color, recurved on the elytra,

more abundant on the neck. Head longer than wide, the neck

carinate and biimpressed above as usual; eyes median, moderate

in size, not very convex; clypeus as in biformis. Antenne very

long, 2 as long as the body; first and second joints equal, cylin-

dric, twice as long as wide; third scarcely narrower, nearly as

long as wide, less than 4 as long as the second; fourth very large,

rounded, more than twice as long and wide as the third; fifth

narrow, longer than wide; sixth obliquely and angularly pro-

longed internally, transverse, wider than any other joint; inner

sides of joints four to six forming an even sinuosity; seventh

small, oval, rather longer than wide; eighth a little larger, sub-

globular, rather narrower than the ninth and tenth, which are

almost as long as wide; eleventh not quite as long as the two

preceding, obtusely ogival; ninth to eleventh just visibly in-

creasing in thickness. Prothorax distinctly elongate, rather

gradually and arcuately narrowed anteriorly, parallel and carinu-

late at the sides toward base, + wider than the head; disk trans-

versely and feebly impressed near the base, the impression feebly

interrupted at the middle and with a small and very feeble fovea

near each basal angle. Scutellum minute, elongate. EHlytra fully

4 longer than wide, 24 times as long and 22 times as wide as the

prothorax, almost evenly elliptical, the humeri somewhat visible ;

-humeral plica moderate in length and acuteness, the impression

distinct and elongate ; inner fovea deep ; disk somewhat flattened

near the suture toward base, the suture acutely elevated but not

beaded in basal third. Legs long and slender, the femora only

moderately clavate. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.58 mm.

—

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 361

California. The inner arcuate outline formed by the strongly

modified joints four to six of the male antennez, reminds us

of a similar structure in Arthmius, and, in fact, the sixth joint

here is almost exactly similar to the eighth joint of the male an-

tenna of A. globicollis. This internal sinus, formed by the joints,

is probably of direct use in clasping the antenne of the female

during copulation.

This species differs greatly from biformis and arcifer in its

smaller size, much narrower form, narrower prothorax, and, from

the former, in the male antenne, which are radically different ;

these are relatively very much longer and more slender than in

arcifer.

4. L. myops nu. sp.—Elongate-oval, rather ventricose, polished and impunc-

tate, black, the elytra, legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous ; pubescence

coarse, pale, bristling but short on the flanks of the prothorax, moderately

short and recurved on the elytra. Head oval, distinctly elongate, very convex

anteriorly, gradually depressed posteriorly, where the neck is deeply exca-

vated on each side of the distinct median carina as usual ; basal parts of the

head and sides of the neck bristling with long stiff pale sete ; eyes rather

small, feebly convex, with about ten rather coarse facets, median, the tempora

behind them very long, convergent and exactly straight to the narrowest part

of the neck ; clypeus conically declivous, rounded at apex ; labrum transverse,

parallelogramic, truncate; mandibles invisible in repose. Antennx barely %

as long as the body, regular, gradually and rather strongly incrassate toward

apex; first joint cylindric, #4 longer than wide, slightly longer and thicker

than the second, the latter distinctly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as

the next two and obviously thicker; four to six subequal, about as long as wide

and more or less rounded, the third a little shorter and scarcely as wide,

shorter than wide, six to eleven increasing perfectly evenly in width; seventh

feebly, the eighth more strongly, transverse; ninth %, tenth 44, wider than

long, obtrapezoidal; eleventh stout, oval, obtusely and very obliquely ogival at

tip, about as wide as the two preceding. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide,

fully 1g wider than the head, feebly and somewhat arcuately narrowed an-

teriorly from near the middle, and just visibly narrower and strongly carinate

at the sides toward base; surface transversely impressed near the base, the

impression not extending to the sides, where there is a deep elongate fovea

just within each carina, also a large deep fovea on each flank below the carina.

Scutellum very minute. Elytra fully 14 longer than wide, 23{ times as long

as the prothorax and a little more than twice as wide, strongly, evenly arcuate

at the sides and widest at the middle; humeri almost obsolete; humeral

plica narrow, moderate in length and rather feeble, the adjacent impression

very feeble; inner fovea large, deep, rounded, without a prolonged impression;

subsutural impressions feeble but broadly visible toward base, the suture finely

and very feevly elevated but not beaded. Legs long, slender, the femora

362 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

abruptly but moderately clavate; tarsi moderate. Length 1.35 mm.; width

0.6 mm.

California (San Francisco).

The simple antenne and absence of secondary modification,

show that the two specimens, which I took some years ago,

are both females, but the species departs widely from gracilis in

the shorter, less pubescent palpi, much more anteriorly thickened

head, coarser, non-interrupted basal line of the pronotum and much

longer lateral foveiform impressions; it also differs in the color-

ation of the body. The metasternum is broadly, feebly tumescent

in a large elongate-oval area at the middle anteriorly, from which

stiffer bristles arise sparsely and radially on its outer slopes.

EUCONNINT.

The special characters distinguishing this tribe, which is by far

the most extensive of the Scydmeenidz in North America, have

been sufficiently set forth in the table previously given. The

genera may be outlined as follows :—

Eyes anterior in position as usual ; side-pieces of the metasternum not ex-

posed.

Pronotum foveate near the basal margin.

Posterior coxz more or less widely separated ; antennal club 3 or 4-

jointed.

Third joint of the maxillary palpi normally obconic, gradually nar-

TOW EO LO Ward DAS yo.. sccmien ss rosie eaten cele scuinscisseassceeceeeee Eucennus

Third joint extremely slender, rather abruptly clavate in about apical

half ; body glabrous, the head large ; antennal club 4-jointed.

Pycnophus

Posterior coxz subcontiguous ; antennal club 5-jointed ; tibiz thick,

thetarsi extremely slender... ......cccseccseecesnermeceomereee Noctophus

* Pronotum not foveate near the basal margin, though frequently more or less

feebly and transversely impressed, the impression completely or par-

tially interrupted at the middle.

Prothorax oval, narrowed at base, impressed and finely carinate at the

bASAWaM eles ee. ue. cise st sar deccanses suet coeeseneceeees eee neeeee Drastophus

Prothorax conical, never narrowed at base, not at all carinate or promi-

nent at the sides near the basal angles.................--. Connophron

Eyes median or submedian in position ; side-pieces of the metasternum some-

what exposed by the elytra ; scutellum completely obsolete as usual ; pro-

thorax nearly aS in EUCONNUG................ceeceeeeeerscnceenaecees Smicrophus

These genera all belong to the fauna of eastern North America,

except Drastophus, which is founded upon a single rather abun-

aint

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 363

dant and widely distributed species in the regions bordering the

Pacific Ocean.

EUCONNUS Thoms.

- This genus, in the sense here understood, is by no means so

abundant in species in North America as in Europe, and is even

more obviously resolvable into homogeneous groups, based upon

important differences of special structure or general habitus. In

fact these groups are so isolated among themselves as to warrant

distinctive appellations, as will be noted in the table below. The

common distinguishing features of all the groups are an exserted

head, with anterior eyes and an oblong prothorax, narrowed more

or less at base and at least bifoveate near the basal margin. In

the form and structure of the head it is similar to Connophron,

but in the form and sculpture of the prothorax it is radically dif-

ferent. In the pubescence of the head and body it differs greatly

from Connophron, except in the subgenus Scopophus, which

possesses the peculiar stiff and posteriorly directed vestiture of

the occipital parts, so peculiarly distinctive of Connophron, but

the thoracic structure is still purely that of Euconnus.

As in Connophron, the antenne may have either a 4 or 3-jointed

club, and the hind cox vary even more in degree of separation,

this being virtually fixed, however, within the limits of each sub-

genus. The elytra mutually overlap for a short transverse dis-

tance and are independently rounded at apex, as in Connophron

and other related genera, and the scutellum is wholly invisible as

usual in this part of the family.

All the subgenera appear to be equally widely distributed over

nearly the same territorial area, but no species is at present

known from the Pacific coast, and this is a somewhat remarkable

fact. But it should also be noted that the genus is more varied

structurally in the United States than in Europe, for Connophron,

Drastophus, Pycnophus and Noctophus, besides the subgenera

named below, all belong to the EHuconnus type, as shown by

general constitution, and especially by elytral, cephalic and an-

tennal structure, and it is therefore probable that this type origi-

nated in North America and migrated to Europe in somewhat re-

mote geologic time by way of Greenland. Hither this, or else

there are peculiar and inexplicable reasons for the early extinction

of all species except Drastophus lzvicollis in the Pacific coast

regions, and the latter is a less likely supposition.

364 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The subgenera of Euconnus within our faunal limits may thus

be defined :—

Antennal club 4-jointed, very variable in development and in abruptness of

formation.

Elytra with long, erect and very sparse hairs; head sparsely pubescent ;

.clypeus separated from the front by a fine transverse canal joining the

antennal cavities; antennz generally long; eyes not prominent ; poste-

rior cox rather widely separated ; male with well marked secondary

sexual characters on the surface of the abdomen..............0.--2-eeeeeeeeeeneee I

Elytra abundantly pubescent, the dense and stiff pubescence of the head

directed backward as in Connophron ; clypeus not separated by a trans-

verse sulcus ; antennz generally shorter, with a more abrupt club ; eyes

more prominent ; hind cox very narrowly separated ; secondary sexual

characters of the male not apparent..................sceceecesececceceeecetcecrees Ii

Antennal club 3-jointed.

Clypeus not porrect, its surface almost evenly continuous with the wide

convex front between the antennal cavities ; pronotum, inaddition to the

usual median fover, with a lateral subbasal fovea and a minute and

rudimentary cariniform elevation at the basal margin only ; hind cox

quite widely separated ; head and elytra glabrous.....................se0-+- HIE

Clypeus slightly porrect, the surface between the antennal cavities tumid ;

pronotum with a fine but long and well defined longitudinal carina at

each side, extending obliquely to the base ; hind coxae but slightly less

widely separated ; head and elytra distinctly though rather sparsely pub-

escent, the hairs of the former not directed backward ; species minute.....1V

The species assigned below to Euconnus proper, agree satisfac-

torily with European species of the hirticollis type, except that

the hind coxz are more widely separated and the sublateral

carinz of the pronotum much less developed, in fact in some

forms, such as ventralis, becoming completely obsolete; but this

is a very variable character also in the European species. Those

known to me may be recognized as follows:—

Subgenus I.

Euconnus Thoms.

Secondary sexual characters of the male confined to the third and fourth ven-

tral segments; head always much narrower than the prothorax.

Large, stouter, the antennz very slender, with all the joints distinctly

CLOWLALE Meee idactacbe races eclcteiiaiesiinou's «eifealdelerleld beeteencwa app Aenea aoe 1 ventralis

Smaller and more slender, the antennz less elongate, the penultimate joint,

at least, not distinctly longer than wide.

Lateral carina of the pronotum extremely rudimentary and only visible

at base; secondary male sexual characters large and conspicuous.

2 clavipes

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 365

Lateral carina somewhat long and quite distinct; secondary sexual char-

acters of the male much reduced and not at all conspicuous.

Body black, the elytra bright red; antenne but slightly dusky toward

tip; elytral bead wide and gradually broader toward base.

3 Semiruber

Body blackish, the elytra dark rufo-piceous; antennee a little shorter,

the last five joints blackish; elytral bead fine, abruptly and strongly

ERMAN CEM echo WASCre sascaseanectecseder ecco sscweisacices accecece: 4 varicornis

Secondary sexual modifications of the male confined to the sixth ventral

segment; antennal club stronger, more abrupt and more moniliform; pro-

thorax scarcely perceptibly wider than the head; body rather narrow.

5 bicolor

Subgenus II.

Scopophus n. sg.

Antenne rather short, with a strong submoniliform club which is usually very

abruptly formed; elytral pubescence more or less strongly recurved or

subdecumbent.

Antennal club very abruptly formed, the eighth and ninth joints subequal

in width. :

Larger species, more than 114 mm. in length.

Elytra deeply concave on the suture toward base...... 6 cavipennis

Elytra not coneave toward base; body slightly less stout.

7 occultus

Smaller species, always distinctly less than 1144 mm. in length.

Body black throughout above; size larger. ;

Head small, much narrower than the prothorax...... 8 migrescens

Head larger, only slightly narrower than the prothorax; elytra more

tmilabediandy ovale sce. ccctiscer aesoecsaaccdaccescsostides esses 9 affinis

Body pale rufo-testaceous throughout, very small in size and of some-

what narrow, elongate-oval form............-.--ssececeseeeeeees 10 gratus

Antennal club very strong but somewhat gradually formed, the eighth

joint intermediate in size between the preceding and succeeding.

Prothorax broad, strongly narrowed anteriorly; head very narrow and

subelongate; color dark rufo-testaceous..............scsseeseeeees 11 putus

Prothorax narrow, feebly narrowed anteriorly, the head relatively

broader; color pale throughout...................ecssesecesceessenes 12 merus

Antenne long, a little more than 14 as long as the body, the club slender,

gradually incrassate and very feebly differentiated, the eleventh joint much

thicker and somewhat abnorma!; elytral pubescence long, straight and

GREE bo nccongag scagan0a p90 oDUHDE RUBS 500406 boCNdaNS Hon CoO LdbUdaDsosadbdbadedodnE 13 relucens

Subgenus III.

Xestophus n. sg.

Antenne very long and slender, with all the joints longer than wide; elytra

subrhombiform; head almost as wide as the prothorax........ 14 salinator

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, March, 1897.—25.

366 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Subgenus IV.

Psomophus n. sg.

Antennal club darker in color than the stem.

Eighth antennal joint fully as long as wide.

Rlytra strongly wembricose cae. .ccarcese sane: “mene tease eee 15 heedillus

Elytra feebly ventricose; antennal club blacker .................. 16 fatuus

Eighth joint distinctly transverse, the club noticeably stouter.

Antennz longer; joints three to seven all much elongated; hind body

more wmilabed: -5.¢ sacosmane Marenceos wie sancatcon oa eee eee 17 impotens

Antenne shorter and relatively stouter; joints three to seven not dis-

tinctly longer than wide, except the fifth which is invariably longer.

Hind body rather strongly inflated and shorter, the elytra much more

broadly) truncatelabbaseencna-ceceeaesteeese eee te ee nearness 18 callidus

Hind body feebly inflated, the elytra more elongate, narrower and

MOVERS) CXVEMIKY OMEI! sentondcosocacmusdecosonwosce seks toca ebaetereeeewes 19 debilis

Antennal club very stout, paler in color than the shaft........... 20 capitatus

The species mississippicus of Zimmermann and consobrinus of

LeConte, which I have been unable to enti will be alluded

to at the end of this revision.

1. E. ventralis n. sp.—Somewhat stout, polished, impunctate, piceous-

black, the head becoming testaceous anteriorly ; elytra bright and pale rufous,

blackish posteriorly ; legs and antennze throughout pale rufous ; pubescence

abundant and stiff on the pronotum, sparse on the head and elytra, long, pale,

stiff and suberect on the latter. Head nearly as long as wide, the eyes rather

large and convex but not prominent, extending to their own length from the

base and evenly continuous in curvature with the sides of the occiput, which

are convergent and arcuate to the neck, the latter deeply constricted, having

the bulbiform enlargement within the prothorax minutely asperulate ; front

not visibly impressed ; clypeus even and rectilinear at apex. Antennz very

long and slender, 7% as long as the body, the club very slender and elongate

but well differentiated ; second joint almost as long as the first but much nar-

rower, nearly cylindric, 214 times as long as wide and much shorter than the

next two; two to four uniformly decreasing in length ; three to six equal in

width and slightly narrower than the second, feebly obconic and elongate ;

third 21g, fourth 114, fifth 2, sixth 134 times longer than wide; seventh

slightly thicker, very long, feebly thickened toward apex, more than twice as

long as wide; eighth 7 GaibeeE than the seventh and slightly shorter, obo-

voidal, 14 loaner than wide ; ninth and tenth es visibly thicker, obconic,

abruptly conic at the middle of the. apex, 1g and 4 longer than wide respec-

tively ; eleventh not thicker, elongate, obliquely aa gradually pointed, much

shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, parallel

and broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, broadly constricted toward hase,

fully 144 wider than the head, the subbasal impression and fovez distinct.

-Elytra fully % longer than wide, 249 times longer than the prothorax and very

nearly twice as wide, widest and more narrowly rounded only slightly before

ala

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 367

the middle ; humeral plica large, the subhumeral impression large and con-

Spicuous ; basal foveze deep ; subsutural impressions narrow and strong, the

suture strongly beaded basally, the bead strongly expanded at base. Legs

long, the femora rather strongly and subequally clavate ; tarsi filiform, the

first four joints of the posterior decreasing moderately in length, with the first

distinctly longer than the second. Length 1.75-1.85 mm. ; width 0.8 mm.

Massachusetts ; New York.

The description is taken from the male, in which sex the third and

fourth ventral segments have each two similar discal teeth, sepa-

rated by a little less than half the entire width; the teeth are short,

stout, inclined posteriorly and have their apices obliquely trun-

cate, the truncate surface black and finely and evenly rugose.

The female is very much more abundant than the male, and has the

elytra very slightly shorter, the antenne a little shorter and more

slender, with a less thickened club, and the femora perceptibly

less clavate. The posterior coxe are rather widely separated, the

metasternal edge between them broadly sinuate and acutely

prominent at the sides as usual.

2. E. clavipes Say—Narrative Long’s Exped., Phila., 1824, vol. 2, p.

272; Lec.: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 154; pilosicollis Lec.: Agassiz

‘Take Superior,’’ p. 218 (Scydmzenus).

Feebly ventricose, polished, impunctate, black, the elytra dark

rufous, sometimes slightly blackish toward tip; legs and antenne

dark rufous or more obscure, the latter sometimes slightly

darker toward tip; pubescence very sparse on the head and

elytra, moderately long and suberect on the latter. Head rather

small, as long as wide, subparabolic behind, the eyes somewhat

small, anterior and not prominent; clypeus simple. Antenne

slender, 2. as long as the body, the club well differentiated but

narrow and parallel; second joint distinctly narrower than the

first, much shorter but only slightly thicker than the next two,

subcylindric and fully twice as long as wide; three to six equal

in width, elongate, feebly obconic ; third and fifth, and fourth and

sixth mutually subequal and about 4 and 1 longer than wide

respectively ; seventh a little thicker, feebly obconical and fully

3 longer than wide; eighth but little shorter than the seventh and

fully 2 thicker, obovoidal, 4 longer than wide; ninth and tenth

just visibly thicker and equal, fully as long as wide; eleventh

much shorter than the two preceding and not distinctly thicker,

gradually pointed. Prothorax barely as long as wide, narrowed

368 _ Coleopterological Notices, VII.

at base, parallel and broadly rounded anteriorly, nearly 4 wider

than the head, the transverse impression and fovez deep. Elytra

2 longer than wide, slightly more than twice as long as the

prothorax and nearly twice as wide, widest slightly before the

middle, the sides rather strongly arcuate; apex subacute; hu-

meral plica and impression rather strong and conspicuous ; fovez

deep and approximate; subsutural impressions narrow and some-

what distinct, the strong subbasal bead rather rapidly expanded

at base. Legs rather long; tarsi filiform and slender; four

anterior femora strongly, the two posterior less markedly,

clavate. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Canada (Toronto), Michigan

(Detroit) and Lake Superior. A widely diffused species but ap-

parently not very common; the bright red of the elytra mentioned

by Say is probably a character of slight immaturity, as most of

the examples before me have the elytra quite dark rufous or

piceous in color.

The male from which the description is drawn has remarkable

abdominal characters, as in the case of the allied though much

larger ventralis. The third and fourth segments have each a

posteriorly inclined short thick sublamellate discal plate, oecupy-

ing about $ and 4 oftheir widths, respectively, each plate broadly

sinuate throughout its width at apex and terminating laterally in

subdentiform projections, the thick apices of the plates to the

extreme lateral tips densely paved with combs of excessively

minute thick and short spinules. The female does not differ

much in general form or structure, but the femora are a trifle less

clavate, and the antenne perhaps just visibly shorter.

3. E.semiruber n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, polished, impunctate,

black, the elytra bright rufous, dusky behind ; legs piceous-black ; antennz

pale rufous, sometimes slightly dusky toward tip ; pubescence long, coarse, sub-

erect and sparse on the elytra, less sparse on the head, abundant, short and

stiff on the prothorax. Head orbicular, not quite as long as wide, the eyes -

moderate in size and not prominent ; clypeus short and broad, convex and

simple. Antennx slender, nearly % as long as the body, the club rather well

differentiated and somewhat incrassate ; second joint nearly as long as the

first but much thinner, subcylindric, more than twice as long as wide, nearly

as long as the next two and distinctly thicker ; three to six equal in width,

feebly obconic ; third and fifth about 2, the fourth and sixth nearly 4%,

longer than wide ; seventh a little longer than the fifth, 45 wider, suboval,

narrowed at base, 14 longer than wide ; eighth oval, % wider than the seventh

and a little shorter, fully Y longer than wide ; ninth nearly 4 thicker than

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 369

the preceding, globular ; tenth still slightly thicker, not quite as long as wide;

eleventh slightly broader than the tenth, gradually, acutely pointed but not

obviously oblique at apex, not quite as long as the two preceding. Prothorax

about as long as wide and '% wider than the head, feebly narrowed at base,

broadly rounded anteriorly, the transverse impression distinct and crossed by

a fine but distinct carina near each side but not in the middle ; fovez obvious.

Elytra % longer than wide, only slightly more than twice as long as the pro-

thorax and about twice as wide, widest but little before the middle, where the

sides are rather more strongly arcuate ; humeral plica long and strong, the

Subhumeral impression large, elongate and deep; fovese approximate and

deep ; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture strongly beaded subbasally,

the bead rather gradually expanded toward the basal margin. Legs well de-

veloped, the femora quite strongly clavate, the posterior only just visibly less

so. Length 1.25-1.45 mm. ; width 0.55-0.6 mm.

Northern and Central Illinois. Mr. F. M. Webster.

The male, which serves as the type of the above description,

has the secondary modifications of the third and fourth segments

rather feeble, the former having two very small subapical denti-

form projections, separated by scarcely more than a tenth of the

total width, the latter with a short suberect dense comb of

spicules having the same lateral extent and limited at each end

by a very minute corneous tooth much shorter than the spicules.

The female is a little larger and slightly more ventricose, with

rather shorter antenne, but does not differ otherwise.

4. E. varicornis n. sp.—Somewhat ventricose, polished and impunc-

tate, black, the elytra dull and translucent rufous ; legs blackish, the tarsi and

basal parts of the tibiz pale ; antennz pale testaceous, the outer five joints

blackish ; pubescence sparse but coarse, pale, rather long and suberect on the

elytra, shorter and less sparse on the head, abundant and stiff on the prothorax.

Head orbicular, not quite as long as wide, the eyes moderate in size and not

prominent ; clypeus simple, with the usual short transverse sulcus at base.

Antenne moderately slender and scarcely more than 144 as long as the body,

the club rather strong and distinctly incrassate ; second joint about as long as

the first but thinner, feebly obconical, twice as long as wide, shorter than the

next two and distinctly thicker ; three tosix equal in width, feebly obconical;

third and fifth subequal, barely 14, fourth 4, sixth 14 longer than wide ;

seventh much thicker, suboval, narrowed at base, 2 thicker than the sixth,

2¢ longer than wide; eighth distinctly shorter and 2, wider than the seventh,

scarcely 1< longer than wide ; ninth nearly 14 thicker than the preceding, sub-

globular, as long as wide; tenth scarcely visibly thicker, oval, not quite as

long as wide ; eleventh elongate, very gradually pointed, almost as long as the

two preceding and distinctly thicker. Prothorax as long as wide and 14 wider

than the head ; sides parallel and broadly arcuate, sinuate toward base ; trans-

‘verse impression feeble at the middle, crossed near each side by a fine carina

370 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

which extends to the basal margin ; fovez large and deep ; pubescence want-

ing along the median line, the hairs bordering which are longer and directed

backward and upward toward base. Elytra scarcely 7% longer than wide,

fully twice as long as the prothorax but only 34 wider, strongly rounded at the

sides, widest only slightly before the middle ; humeral plica and impression

small and inconspicuous, the fovee deep; subsutural impressions entirely

obsolete, the suture finely and strongly beaded basally, the bead rapidly ex-

panded at the base. Legs moderate ; four anterior femora strongly, the two

posterior moderately clavate. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Wyoming.

This species is closely allied to semitruber, but differs in its

Shorter and more strongly clavate antenne, rather broader pro-

thorax, much smaller and less conspicuous humeral plica and im-

pression, more abruptly and basally expanded sutural bead and

other structural characters. It is represented before me by a

single male.

The secondary sexual characters are nearly similar to those of

semiruber, the minute teeth of the third ventral being fully as

approximate, but the suberect comb of pale spicules of the fourth

seoment is still shorter in a transverse sense, though composed of

slightly longer spicules, these being planted along the apex of a

short projection which is emarginate in circular arc throughout its.

width ; in semiruber the base of the comb is the straight and un-

modified edge of the segment, the only trace of the emarginate

projection being the minute teeth which limit it laterally.

5. E. bicolor Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 154; Jleconter

Schauf. (Scydmezenus. )

Rather narrow and feebly ventricose, polished and impunctate,

black, the elytra somewhat rufo-piceous; legs and antenne

throughout pale testaceous ; pubescence sparse on the head, very

sparse but rather long and erect on the elytra, dense and stiff on

the pronotal flanks. Head orbicular, as long as wide, the eyes.

moderate, anterior and not prominent; contour behind them

semicircular; clypeus smooth, rectilinear at apex, separated from

the front by the transverse sulcus between the antennal cavities

characterizing this group. Antenne rather stout, slightly more

than 4 as long as the body, the club well differentiated and percep-

tibly inerassate ; second joint almost as large as the first but ob-

conic, + longer than wide, much shorter than the next two and

but slightly thicker; three to six equal in width, oval, subcon-

stricted at base; third 4, fourth 4, fifth 2, sixth 4+ longer than wide;

OP EP ae le

eset

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 371

seventh rather more than } thicker, oval, 2 longer than wide ;

eighth almost $ wider than the seventh, subglobular, conic in

apical third, scarcely visibly longer than wide; ninth and tenth

4 and 2 thicker than the eighth respectively, similar in outline,

the former scarcely as long as wide, the latter nearly + wider than

long; eleventh much stouter, obliquely ogival toward tip, nearly

as long as the two preceding. Prothorax a little longer than

wide, scarcely visibly wider than the head, broadly rounded and

parallel at the sides anteriorly and broadly sinuate toward base ;

transverse impression distinct, interrupted near each side by a

fine longitudinal carina, which does not extend beyond the im-

pression; fovez deep. Elytra nearly 4 longer than wide, scarcely

more than twice as long as the prothorax and about + wider,

almost evenly oval, subacute behind, widest very near the middle,

the sides broadly arcuate ; humeral plica and adjacent impression

rather small and feeble; subsutural impressions small and nar-

row, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead gradually wider

toward base. Legs moderate in length; four anterior femora

strongly, the posterior moderately clavate. Length 1.3 mm.;

width 0.45 mm.

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Michigan and Iowa (Iowa City).

The description given above applies to the male, the abdomen in

that sex being simple but with a small, deep and transversely lu-

nate impression at the middle of the sixth segment, bordering the

apical margin. The female differs scarcely at all in general form

or structure. I have found this to be an abundant species under

stones in early springtime, but LeConte states that it occurs

with Formica pennsylvanica.

If Scydmenus bicolor Denny, (Mon. p. 68), be the species alluded

to by Schaufuss as disabling the name bicolor Lec., it may be

stated that the former is a Scydméenus, and is considered to bea

synonym of exilis Er., so that the name bicolor Lec. (Euconnus)

will still hold good.

6. E. cavipennis n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, polished, sub-

impunctate, pale and uniform red-brown throughout the body, legs and an-

tennz; pubescence coarse, pale, abundant and conspicuous, directed backward

on the occiput, short and bristling on the pronotum, quite dense and complex

in arrangement on the elytra, strongly recurved throughout but longer, coarser

and normal on the flanks, very short on the upper portions, where it streams

obliquely outward, externally, and toward the suture, internally, behind, and

intermingled throughout with inconspicuous erect sete. Head as long as

372 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

wide, almost evenly parabolic behind the eyes, which are anterior and rather

small but convex and somewhat prominent; clypeus nearly as in occultus;

labrum large, sinuate at the middle of the apical margin. <Antennz stout,

barely longer than the head and prothorax, the club strong and very abruptly

formed, almost parallel; joints proportioned nearly as in occultus, the seventh

not as long as wide and the two penultimate more strongly transverse; seventh

joint but very slightly wider than the sixth; eighth fully 35 wider than the

seventh. Prothorax fully as long as wide, nearly 14 wider than the head,

formed nearly as in occultus; surface bifoveate near the base at each side, but

scarcely at all impressed, the outer fovea the smaller and continued obliquely

in a narrow excavation to the basal margin between two minute carine.

Elytra % longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax

and nearly 45 wider, widest before the middle, the sides evenly arcuate

throughout; apex narrowly parabolic; humeral plica and impression rather

long but extremely feeble; foveze deep and approximate; suture minutely

beaded subbasally, the bead rapidly expanded into a large but feeble tri-

angular plate at the basal margin; on and involving the suture there is a large

and deep concavity of elongate-oval form, occupying nearly basal third of the

length. Legs well developed, the two anterior femora strongly, the four pos-

terior moderately, clavate; hind tarsi with the first four joints subequal, the

first two exactly equal. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.63 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

This is one of the most interesting species of the genus and is

probably myrmecophilous. The description applies to the female,

the male antenne being nearly half as long as the body, the

second joint much longer than the next two, three to seven no-

ticeably longer than wide, the club abrupt and parallel as in the

female but a little more elongate; the hind trochanters are trun-

cate at tip, but there are no abdominal modifications. The elytra

are more elongate, the humeral plica more distinct and the sutural

indentation rather more feeble in the male.

This species is allied closely to occultus but is slightly stouter,

and may be readily distinguished by the indented elytral suture ;

the erect setz of the elytra are much less conspicuous.

7. E. occultus n. sp.—Somewhat narrow and feebly ventricose, polished,

the elytra minutely, sparsely and feebly punctulate, pale rufo-testaceous

throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous ; pubescence pale, stiff and

rather abundant on the elytra, where it is intermingled with much longer

sparse and erect setze, the hairs rather short and recurved, coarse on the flanks,

finer and shorter toward the suture, toward which they are obliquely directed

behind the middle, abundant, short, coarse and stiff on the head and prono-

tum. Head wider than long, broadly rounded at base, the sides subparallel

and rounded behind the eyes, which are small but convex and prominent ;

antennal prominences convex and distinct; clypeus transversely truncate,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. ane

feebly porrect and short; surface between the antennal cavities on the sub-

vertical part of the front convex andtumid. Antenne rather stout, not quite

1 as long as the body, the club strong and abruptly differentiated ; second

joint as long and about as wide as the first but strongly obconic, twice as long

as wide, as long as the next twoand noticeably thicker ; three to six subequal,

oval, the third and fifth rather longer, the fourth and sixth somewhat shorter,

than wide; seventh 44 wider, roughly sculptured apically, subquadrate ;

eighth fully 14 wider, conic in apical 74, about as long as wide ; ninth and

tenth similar to the eighth but a little wider, the former not quite as long as

wide, the latter distinctly wider than long; eleventh a little stouter, very

obtusely ogival at apex, a little shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax as

long as wide, scarcely 14 wider than the head, the sides parallel and broadly

sinuate posteriorly, rounded anteriorly ; apex truncate and *4 as wide as the

base ; surface bifoveate at each side near the base but not distinctly impressed,

the outer fovea much the smaller, also minutely excavated near each flank at

the basal margin. Elytra rather long, 44 longer than wide, much more than

twice as long as the prothorax and about 24 wider, widest near basal 75, the

sides moderately rounded ; apex narrow ; humeral plica and adjoining im-

pression rather small, feeble ; basal foveze small but deep, perforate and ap-

proximate ; at some distance from the base there is a very feeble impression

on the suture, the latter not at all beaded basally. Legs well developed ; two

anterior femora strongly, the four posterior rather feebly, clavate ; hind tarsi

with the first four joints subequal, the first scarcely as long as the second.

Length 1.6 mm. ; width 0.55 mm.

Iowa (Lowa City); District of Columbia.

No marks indicative of sex can be discovered in the two speci-

mens before me, but in the eastern specimen the two penultimate

antennal joints are more transverse, and the seventh joint is per-

fectly similar to the sixth and just visibly larger. This species

is said to occur with ants.

8. E. migrescens n. sp.—Rather narrow and feebly ventricose, black

throughout, the abdomen pale at apex; legs and antennz testaceous; integu-

ments polished, the elytra feebly but distinctly punctate; pubescence abun-

dant, pale and coarse, long, stiff and densely bristling posteriorly on the occi-

put, especially at the sides, bristling on the pronotum, unusually short, even

and closely recurved on the elytra, where the sparse erect hairs are quite

short and inconspicuous. Head not quite as long as wide, semicircularly

rounded behind the eyes, which are rather small, anterior and but slightly

prominent; antennal tubercles small, feeble and distant, the front not concave,

the cavities very large and narrowly separated on the declivous front; clypeus

simple, rectilinearly truncate. Antenne short and somewhat stout, barely as

long as the head and prothorax, the club strong and very abrupt; second joint

as long as the first and somewhat narrower, very feebly obconical, 34 longer

than wide, fully as long as the next two and distinctly thicker; three to five

equal and very slightly wider than long, the sixth scarcely perceptibly wider

374 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and more transverse, nearly 1g wider than long; seventh nearly 1g wider than

the sixth, 14 wider than long, conic in apical half; eighth fully 74 wider than

the preceding, conic in apical third, 1g wider than long; ninth and tenth very

slightly wider, about 14 wider than long; eleventh scarcely stouter, oval,

ogival at tip, not as long as the two preceding. Prothorax not quite as long

as wide, nearly %{ wider than the head, broadly rounded at the sides an-

teriorly, slightly narrowed toward base; surface near the base with two large

median fovezx and a small fovea at each side, also with a small pit at the basal

margin behind the lateral fovea and disconnected; transverse impression al-

most completely obsolete. lytra oval, rather feebly narrowed at base, 14

longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and

nearly #4 wider, widest but slightly before the middle, the sides broadly and

almost evenly arcuate; humeral plica and impression small and feeble; foveze

small, deep and approximate ; subsutural impressions very feeble, the suture

beaded only very near the base, and feebly, the bead expanding at base.

Femora subequally and rather feebly clavate. Length 1.3 mm.; width

0.45 mm.

New York (Hudson Valley). Mr. H. H. Smith.

There are no means of directly determining the sex of the

unique type, the external characters in the present subgenus be-

ing extremely feeble, but, from analogy with affinzs in the pubes-

cence of the elytra, it is a female. The species may be readily

known from any of those which precede by its black color, with

pale legs and antenne, and it may also be distinguished by the

punctate elytra.

9. E. afffimis n. sp.—Narrowly suboval and moderately ventricose, pol-

ished, the elytra sparsely punctulate, black throughout above, the last two

ventral segments paler ; legs and antennz pale rufo-testaceous ; pubescence

abundant, pale, bristling backward at the sides of the head and occiput and

outward on the pronotum, closely recurved and rather short on the elytra,

where it is finer, shorter and still denser toward the suture posteriorly, the

hairs near the suture inclined obliquely theretoward, sparsely intermixed

throughout with short erect sete. Head well developed, distinctly wider than

long, subcircular in outline behind the eyes, which are moderate in size, an-

terior and somewhat prominent ; antennal prominences small and feeble ;

clypeus simple, rectilinearly truncate. Antennx as long as the head and pro-

thorax, the club stout and very abrupt ; second joint obconic, 14 longer than

wide, as long and nearly as wide as the first, equal in length to the next two

and slightly thicker ; three to six equal in width, cylindric ; third as long as

wide ; fourth and fifth a little shorter; sixth distinctly wider than long ;

seventh 14 wider, oval, nearly 14 wider than long ; eighth 34 wider than the

seventh, suboval, slightly wider than long ; ninth: and tenth very slightly

wider, 1 and *¢ wider than long respectively ; eleventh scarcely thicker, not

quite as long as the two preceding, ogival at tip. Prothorax fully as long as

wide and only very slightly wider than the head, rounded at the sides ante-

aie

Coleopterological Notices, VIT. 375

riorly and distinctly narrowed toward base ; surface near the base with two

distinct median fovez joined by a coarse and rather strong transverse impres-

sion, and a single fovea at each side above the flank, also with a small pit at

the basal margin behind the latter, closed by two short longitudinal carinz.

Elytra % longer than wide, quite distinctly more than twice as long as the

prothorax and nearly #5 wider, oval, widest slightly before the middle, the

sides broadly and evenly arcuate ; humeral plica and impression moderate in

size, the latter distinct ; fovee small and approximate ; subsutural impressions

feeble and rather narrow ; suture very feebly beaded near the base, the bead

expanded at the basal margin. Legs well developed, the femora moderately

clavate, the anterior slightly more strongly. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.42

mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male serves as the type of description, and the female has

the elytral pubescence much less abnormal and almost uniform

throughout, being sparser toward the middle posteriorly than in

the male, but scarcely differs in any other particular.

The tip of the copulatory spicule in the male is slender, thin,

parallel, with the tip obtuse, but produced in the middle in a

minute rounded lobe, the lateral lobes each with a slender, seti-

form and unusually elongate appendage, extending much beyond

the tip of the corneous median portion. The first four joints of

the hind tarsi are almost exactly equal among themselves.

This species is closely allied to nigrescens, but differs in its

much narrower prothorax and relatively larger head, somewhat

narrower form of the body and more oval and more basally nar-

rowed elytra. It is represented by a large and homogeneous

series.

10. E. gratus n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, somewhat ventricose, pol-

ished, impunctate, bright rufo-testaceous, the legs and antenne still paler and

more luteous ; pubescence rather abundant, pale, strongly bristling backward

on the head, unusually short, closely recurved, very even and completely de-

void of intermingled erect setz on the elytra. Head rather well developed,

not quite as long as wide, subcircularly rounded behind the eyes, which are

only moderate in size but rather convex and prominent ; antennal prominences

moderate, the excavations very narrowly separated on the declivous front ;

clypeus normal, rectilinearly truncate at apex. Antennx short, as long as the

head and prothorax, moderately stout, the club strong, parallel and very abrupt

in formation ; second joint obconic, scarcely 14 longer than wide, as long as

the next two and noticeably thicker ; three to six subequal among themselves,

distinctly wider than long ; seventh 4 wider, 74 wider than long ; eighth fully

34 widerand 34 longer than the seventh, suboval, ?¢ wider than long ; ninth

and tenth mutually equal and scarcely visibly wider than the eighth, fully 144

376 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

wider than long; eleventh short, not quite as long as the two preceding

and just visibly thicker, rather rapidly pointed at tip. Prothoray as long as

wide, scarcely 15 wider than the head, feebly narrowed at base and only

slightly more rapidly so at apex, the latter fully 34 as wide as the base ; sur-

face near the base with two strong rounded fovex, separated by 1 the width

at the middle, and a small fovea near each side which is continued to the basal

margin, the innerside of the canal finely cariniform. lytra evenly oval, %

longer than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and fully 94 wider,

widest only slightly before the middle, the sides very evenly and broadly

arcuate throughout the length ; humeral plica moderate in length, strong and

distinct, the impression deep and obvious ; fovez evident ; subsutural impres-

sions rather short and narrow but deep; suture finely beaded, the bead

triangularly expanded at base. Legs moderate in length, the femora distinctly

clavate. Length 1.0 mm. ; width 0.38 mm.

- North Carolina (Asheville).

The single type before me is a male, the cedeagus being partially

protruded; its narrowed apical portion is subparallel, bluntly

rounded at tip, thin and with its plane turned strongly upward

toward tip in profile; the lateral appendages are well developed

and finely setose at apex.

This small but distinct species may be readily distinguished by

the isolated foveze of the pronotum, distinct humeral plica, short,

recurved and even elytral pubescence, strong and abrupt antennal

club and other characters.

11. E. putus n. sp.—Somewhat narrowly oval and very feebly ventricose,

polished, impunctate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout; legs and antennze

slightly paler, brownish-testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, pale, long,

stiff and directed backward on the basal parts of the head, bristling on the

pronotum, moderately long, even, recurved and intermingled with longer

erect hairs on the elytra. Head rather small, narrow, elongate-oval and

unusually prolonged, evenly and narrowly parabolic behind the eyes, the lat-

ter moderate in size but rather convex and slightly prominent; antennal

tubercles strong and somewhat approximate, the front concave between them ;

front between the antennal cavities rather narrow but not swollen, the clypeus

normal, rectilinearly truncate at apex ; labrum rather small ; third palpal joint

somewhat swollen. Antennx short and slightly stout, not quite as long as the

head and prothorax, the club distinct but gradual, the eighth joint inter-

mediate ; second joint obsuboval, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two

and thicker ; three to six equal in width ; third and sixth not quite as long as

wide ; fourth and fifth quadrate ; seventh scarcely }¢ wider, not as long as’

wide ; eighth fully % wider than the seventh, oval, 1s wider than long ; ninth

1g wider, 1g wider than long, subequal to tenth ; eleventh not thicker, much

shorter than the two preceding, obliquely pointed at tip. Prothorax large,

not quite as long as wide, about 15 wider than the head, feebly narrowed at

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 377

base, gradually, arcuately narrowed in apical half, the apex nearly %5 as wide

as the base ; surface strongly, transversely impressed near the basal margin,

the ends of the impression foveate near each side of the disk. lytra oval, %¢

longer than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely more than

24 wider, widest and rather more strongly rounded at the sides before the

middle ; humeral plica narrow, rather long but feeble, the corresponding im-

pression slight ; foveze small ; subsutural impressions narrow and strong, the

suture finely beaded basally, the bead very feebly and gradually wider toward

base. Legs of the usual length, the femora moderately clavate ; hind tarsi

filiform, with the first three joints equal, the fourth a little shorter. Length

1.25 mm. ; width 0.4 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

This species is very distinct from any other of this peculiar

group in the elongate-oval and narrow form of the head, form of

the pronotum and in many other structural features. The sex of

the unique type is not determinable.

12. E. merus n. sp.—Rather narrowly oval and very feebly ventricose,

polished, subimpunctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennze

a little paler and more brownish; pubescence abundant, pale, stiff, somewhat

long and very coarse but recurved on the elytra, where there is an admixture

of a few slightly longer erect sete. Head well developed, fully as long as

wide, prolonged unusually behind the eyes and sulparabolic, the eyes moder-

ate in size but very convex and prominent, anterior; antennal tubercles rather

pronounced; clypeus simple and rectilinearly truncate at apex; antennal cavi-

ties well separated, the intervening surface not modified. Antenne short and

rather stout, scarcely as long as the head and prothorax, the club pronounced

but not very abruptly formed; second joint fully as long as the first and not

narrower, but obconic, rather longer than the next two and distinctly thicker;

three, four and six almost equal, much wider than long; fifth a little larger

and more oval, almost as transverse; seventh 14 wider than the sixth, nearly

1g wider than long; eighth #4 wider than the preceding, transversely suboval,

Y wider than long; ninth and tenth nearly similar, almost 14 wider than the

eighth and about 1g wider than long; eleventh scarcely visibly thicker, only

slightly longer than wide, much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax

rather longer than wide and fully 14 wider than the head, narrowed slightly

at base and gradually and arcuately toward apex; surface with two submedian

fovez near the base, joined by a deep and conspicuous subarcuate impression.

Elytra barely % longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax and

about 34 wider, oval, widest but little before the middle, the sides evenly and

broadly arcuate throughout; humeral plica narrow and strong, the subhumeral

impression distinct; outer fovea large and strong,-the inner minute; subsutural

impressions rather narrow, long and distinct; suture beaded in almost basal 7,

the bead with a small expansion at the base. Legs moderate, the femora all

rather feebly clavate. Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.42 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

378 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

A small species, somewhat allied to gratus but differing in the

less abruptly formed antennal club, deep impression joining the

pronotal foveze, smaller head and much longer and more bristling

elytral vestiture. From putus it differs greatly in its narrower and

less apically narrowed prothorax, much broader head and in other

features of structure and facies. The single type in my cabinet

is of undetermined sex. 3

13. E. reluwcens n. sp.—Narrowly elongate-oval, scarcely at all ventri-

cose, polished, the elytra sparsely and feebly punctate, piceo-castaneous,

the elytra slightly paler and more rufous; legs and antennz dark rufous ;

pubescence abundant, pale, stiff and bristling on the head and pronotum, di-

rected posteriorly on the occiput, long, stiff, erect and even on the elytra.

Head nearly as long as wide, parabolically rounded behind the eyes, which

are anterior, moderately large, very convex and prominent ; antennal promi-

nences rather feeble, the narrowed front between the antennal cavities not

tumid or sulcate; clypeus feebly rugose, rectilinearly truncate at apex; labrum

strongly asperato-punctate and setose. Antennx rather more than 44 as long

asthe body, moderately slender, the club feeble and extremely gradual in

formation, scarcely at all differentiated ; second joint distinctly narrower

than the first, strongly obconic, nearly twice as long as wide, about as

long as the next two and but just visibly thicker ; three to six subcylindric,

with beaded base, equal in width ; third barely longer than wide ; fourth 14,

fifth nearly 1g, sixth 2g, longer than wide, seventh only just visibly wider,

subcylindriec, 14 longer than wide ; eighth obconic in basal 34, strongly conic

in apical 24, scarcely 1g wider than the seventh and a little longer than wide ;

ninth and tenth subsimilar, successively just visibly thicker, as long as wide

and slightly wider than long respectively, rather closely joined ; eleyenth ab-

normal, oval, with an almost axial ogival point, nearly as long as the two pre-

ceding, much thicker and joined obliquely. Prothorax about as long as wide,

nearly 14 wider than the head, narrowed slightly at base, broadly rounded ante-

riorly, the sides gradually convergent toward apex ; surface near the base with

an isolated fovea at each side near the flank, and a deep transverse double fovea

at each side of the median line. Elytra oval with evenly rounded sides, widest

but not more strongly rounded near basal 25, nearly 144 longer than wide, more

than twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 34 wider ; humeral plica long,

oblique but fine and feeble ; the impression long but very feeble ; foveze small,

approximate and feeble ; subsutural impressions feeble, oblique, uniting on

the suture behind the base ; suture finely and feebly beaded basally, the bead

expanded at base. Legs well developed ; femora all rather strongly clavate ;

hind tarsi filiform, with the joints decreasing perceptibly in length, the first

distinctly longer than the second. Length 1.55 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Florida.

The single type is probably a male, as there appears to be a

narrowly obtuse corneous apex of the copulatory spicule visible

Coleopierological Notices, VII. 379

at the tip of the abdomen, but there are no secondary abdominal

or crural modifications.

Although the hind coxe are very narrowly separated, this

Species differs very greatly from the others of the present sub-

genus in its long and erect elytral vestiture, antennal structure,

pronotal impressions, punctate elytra, tarsal structure and many

other characters.

14. E. salimator I.ec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 154 (Seyd-

meenus).

Strongly ventricose, highly polished and impunctate, piceous-

black, the elytra dark piceo-rufous; legs dusky ; antenne black,

dark rufous toward base; head and elytra glabrous, the prothorax

abundantly clothed with stiff erect sete. Head orbicular, nearly

as long as wide, the eyes rather well developed and very slightly

prominent; occiput with a setigerous puncture at each side;

front with a similar puncture near each antennal cavity, not in the

least impressed; clypeus evenly declivous, the apex broadly,

feebly sinuate throughout the width in circular arc; labrum

thickly setose. Antenne long and slender, 2 as long as the body,

the 3-jointed club well differentiated and elongate; second joint

as long as the first, slightly thinner, cylindric, twice as long as

wide, thicker but much shorter than the next two; three to six

equal in width, feebly obconic, 2, $, + and 4 longer hor wide re-

spectively ; seventh arg ene, with arcuate sides, fully as

long as the fifth and + thicker, 2 longer than wide; eighth 4

nid than the Me ee Poa , nearly 4 longer fee wide ;

ninth much longer than any of ine Heendinee oval, nroed

toward base, 4 wider than the eighth, nearly $ longer than wide;

tenth not thicker, elliptical, very slightly elongate; eleventh not

thicker, gradually and conically pointed, scarcely $ longer than

the tonne Prothorax fully as long as wide and only just visibly

wider than the head, parallel, broadly rounded at the sides an-

-teriorly, broadly sinuate toward base; surface with two large

fovez at each side near the base, the two inner larger and trans-

‘versely connected by a feebleimpression. Elytra subrhomboidal,

2 longer than wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and

4 wider, widest and strongly rounded only slightly before the

middle, the sides thence strongly oblique to the narrowly rounded

apex; humeral plica and subhumeral impression obsolete; basal

fovere distinct and deep; subsutural impressions oman: the

380 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

suture not beaded toward base; each elytron with a setigerous

puncture at basal + and inner 2. Legs long, the four anterior

femora rather strongly, the two posterior a little less strongly but

more abruptly and apically clavate. Length 1.4-1.5 mm.; width

0.55—-0.6 mm.

New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Illinois and Iowa. A

very common and rather widely diffused species in swampy places.

The above description applies to the male, but the female differs

only slightly, having the antenne a little shorter but at the same

time more slender throughout, with a less elongate and a less

conspicuous club. There are no secondary sexual characters on

the surface of the abdomen, the latter being black with the last two

segments testaceous. The hind coxe are well separated, the pos-

terior tarsi filiform, with the first three joints equal, the fourth a

little shorter, and the claws rather long, slender and strongly

arcuate.

This species forms an isolated subgenus of Euconnus, distin-

cuished by the form of the clypeus, glabrous head and elytra,

entirely obsolete humeral plica and impression, unbeaded suture,

3-jointed antennal club, peculiarities of pronotal sculpture and

other characters.

15. EB. heedillus n. sp.—Strongly ventricose, polished, subimpunctate,

black, elytra very slighter paler and piceous ; legs and antenne pale testaceous,

the club of the latter only slightly dusky ; pubescence as in fatuus. Head

orbicular, scarcely as long as wide, semicircularly rounded behind the eyes,

which are rather well developed, but anterior and scarcely at all prominent.

Antenne very slender, a little longer than the head and prothorax, the club

abrupt, parallel and moderately dilated ; second joint slender, as long as the first

but narrower, feebly obconic, nearly twice as long as wide, about as long as the

next two and much thicker ; three to six equal in width, the seventh but just

visibly wider, all smooth and of the same structure, feebly narrowed at base ;

third 1g, fourth rather more than 1¢, fifth 14, sixth scarcely 14, seventh 4

longer than wide ; eighth 14 wider, as long as wide, the outer side straight,

the inner somewhat angulate ; ninth 94 wider and % longer than the seventh,

subglobular, barely as long as wide ; tenth scarcely wider, 2 wider than long ;

eleventh scarcely thicker than the preceding, not quite as long as the ninth

and tenth, gradually, acutely and obliquely pointed at tip. Prothorax not

quite as long as wide, only just visibly wider than the head, parallel and

broadly rounded at the sides, narrowed a little at base, with subbasal modifi_

cations nearly as in fatuus. lytra inflated, scarcely 1g longer than wide, much

more than twice as long as the prothorax and fully *4 wider, ovoidal, widest

before the middle, with the side strongly, evenly arcuate, oblique and straighter

behind, the tip subacute ; humeral plica broad and strong, the subhumeral im-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 381

pression long, very deep and conspicuous ; foveze small and very approximate ;

subsutural impressions obsolete ; suture feebly beaded for some distance basally,

the bead gradually slightly wider toward base. Legs moderate, the femora

feebly clavate, the anterior pair more strongly. Length 0.9 mm.; width

0.45 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

This species is allied quite closely to fatwus, as indeed are all

the species of this subgenus, but may be distinguished at once by

the strongly inflated hind body, much paler antennal club, slightly

larger head and other structural characters. Sexual marks are

not discernable in the four specimens before me.

16. E. fatuus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155 (Seyd-

menus). ‘

Moderately stout and feebly ventricose, polished, impunctate,

piceous-black with slightly paler elytra; legs and antenne testa-

ceous, the latter with the club blackish; pubescence moderately

abundant, short, fine and not directed backward on the head,

somewhat bristling with long and finer and short and thicker

hairs on the prothorax throughout, rather short, sparse and re-

curved and without erect setz on the elytra, pale in color. Head

rounded, not quite as long as wide, the eyes moderate, anterior

and scarcely prominent; antennal tubercles subobsolete; clypeus

truncate or very feebly sinuate at apex. Antenne slender, a little

longer than the head and prothorax, the club abrupt and parallel ;

second joint as long and wide as the first, very feebly obconic,

nearly twice as long as wide, noticeably longer than the next two

and much thicker; three to seven equal in width, similarly

smooth, feebly obconic; third just visibly, fourth 3, fifth 2, sixth

3 and seventh 3, longer than wide; eighth very slightly wider,

quadrate, just visibly darker in color; ninth nearly 2 wider, a

little longer than wide; tenth scarcely visibly wider than the

eighth and obviously wider than long; eleventh not thicker, but

little shorter than the two preceding, gradually and obliquely

pointed. Prothorax subquadrate, not quite as long as wide, +

wider than the head, parallel and broadly rounded at the sides,

narrowed slightly toward base, the surface with two feeble sub-

median fovez near the base, connected by a feeble transverse im-

pression, and with two small and sublateral fovez adjoining the

sublateral carina externally, one at the basal margin, the otherfin

advance. Elytra 2 longer than wide, much more than twice as

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Scr., IX, March, 1897.—26.

382 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

long as the prothorax and nearly ? wider, evenly oval, widest

slightly before the middle; sides evenly and broadly arcuate

throughout; humeral plica rather long and strong, the subhu-

meral impression large, deep and conspicuous; subsutural im-

pressions nearly obsolete, the suture not beaded though very

feebly elevated and expanded at the immediate base; basal foveze

deep, the inner small. Legs rather short, the two anterior femora

strongly, the four posterior rather feebly, clavate ; hind tarsi fili-

form and rather long, with the first four joints subequal; hind

coxe rather widely separated. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.38 mm.

Massachusetts and New York. A minute species, which can

be readily identified by the characters given above. Theabdomen

is pale at apex as usual, and I can perceive no indications of

sexual identity.

I have attached to this species for the present, as varietal

forms, a large series from Ottawa, Canada, which differs from the

typical form in its deep black color and stouter antenne, with

much stouter club, and two specimens from Illinois, which are

decidedly larger, black in color and with stouter antenne.

17. E. impotems n. sp.—Strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate,

black, the elytra paler, rufo-testaceous ; legs and antennz pale, the club of

the latter slightly dusky; pubescence as in fatuus. Head small, rounded,

slightly wider than long, circularly rounded behind the eyes, which are an-

terior but large and slightly prominent, extending fully half way tothe base ;

antennal prominences rather distinct. Antenne very slender, a little longer

than the head and prothorax, the club very abrupt and parallel ; second joint

about as long and very nearly as wide as the first, very feebly obconic, as long

as the next two and distinctly thicker, nearly twice as long as wide ; three to

seven equal in width, feebly obconic, all distinctly elongate ; third, fourth,

sixth and seventh very nearly equal, 1, the fifth fully 14, longer than wide ;

eighth fully 74 wider, transverse, 74 wider than long ; ninth at least 34 wider

than the eighth, not more than 14 wider than long, just visibly narrower than

the tenth, which is distinctly shorter, 7 wider than long; eleventh not at all

thicker, obliquely pointed, much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax

subquadrate, convex, not quite as long as wide, formed asin fatuus and the

others of this subgenus, with the subbasal fovez, impression and carine fully

developed. lytra short, inflated, not more than 44 longer than wide, only

slightly more than twice as long as the prothorax and about +4 wider, sub-

rhomboidal, widest and rather more strongly rounded at the sides only slightly

before the middle ; humeral plica broad and short but distinct, the subhumeral

impression small but very deep ; foveze small but deep ; subsutural impres-

sions narrow though rather distinct ; suture strongly beaded basally, the bead

suddenly and moderately expanded at base. Legs slender, the two anterior

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 383

femora rather strongly, the four posterior eee clavate. Length 0.9 mm. ;

width 0.45 mm.

Texas (Galveston).

The two specimens, which I took some years ago, represent a

species allied to fatuus and hedillus, but distinguishable from the

former by the shorter and more inflated elytra, smaller head with

larger and more prominent eyes, still more slender antenne with

paler club and transverse eighth joint, and from the latter by its

very much smaller head and larger eyes.

18. EK. callidus n. sp.—Moderately slender and ventricose, polished,

subimpunctate, black, the elytra very slightly paler, dark piceous ; legs and

antennz pale, the club of the latter dark ; pubescence nearly as in fatwus.

Head rather small, almost circular, convex as usual, the eyes moderate in size

and not prominent. Antenne rather short but slender, with the club abrupt

and strong, barely as long as the head and prothorax ; second joint strongly

obconic, not quite twice as long as wide, distinctly longer than the next two

and much thicker ; three to seven subequal in thickness, the fifth and seventh

possibly a little thicker, oval ; third, fourth and sixth equal and as long as

wide; fifth ape longer, 7g longer than wide; seventh quadrate ; eighth

mich wider, *, wider than the seventh, very rane and. transverse, at least 24

wider than an with its apex broadly conic ; ninth abruptly fully %4 eee

than the eighth ; ninth and tenth perfectly fuflew transverse and fully %

wider than long ; eleventh not thicker, distinctly shorter than the two preced-

ing, epnauely, gradually and acutely pointed. Prothorax not quite as long as

wide, fully 14 wider than the head, in form and eee nearly similar to

the on species. lytra oval, short, not more than 14 longer than wide,

but little more than twice as long as the prothorax and nearly 34 wider,

widest before the middle, the sides evenly and rather strongly arcuate

throughout the length ; humeral plica and adjacent impression strongly devel-

oped and conspicuous ; suture feebly beaded for some distance from the base.

Hind wings well developed, coarsely cellular in structure, fringed with rather

long erect hairs. Legs somewhat short, the femora moderately clavate. Length

0.85 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

This species is also closely allied to fatuus, but differs in

numerous structural characters, among which may be mentioned

the shorter and smaller, though rather more inflated elytra, much

smaller head and shorter antennz, with a much shorter and more

transverse eighth joint, and shorter, more equal and more trans.

verse ninth and tenth joints. The elytraare less basally narrowed

and broader at the basal margin than in fatuus.

19. E. debilis n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, polished, the elytra very

feebly and sparsely punctulate ; body deep black throughout, the legs dark ;

384 Coleopterological Notices, VILL.

antennz pale rufo-testaceous, the club quite distinctly blackish ; pubescence

nearly as in fatuus. Head rounded, as longas wide ; base of the occiput rather

more feebly arcuate than the sides of the tempora ; eyes rather well developed

and slightly prominent but anterior as usual. Antennx slender, fully as long

as the head and prothorax, the club very abrupt ; second joint as long as the

first and about as thick, very feebly obconic, distinctly longer than the next

two and much thicker, nearly twice as long as wide; three to seven equal in

width ; third just visibly longer than wide ; fourth and sixth quadrate ; fifth

and seventh apparently a little thicker, 1g longer than wide and quadrate re-

spectively, slightly narrowed at base ; eighth fully 14 wider than the seventh,

nearly 74 wider than long ; ninth abruptly 34 wider, 14 wider than long, just

visibly narrower than the tenth, which is 7 wider than long ; eleventh not at

all thicker, not quite as long as the two preceding, very gradually, acutely and

obliquely pointed. Prothorax scarcely as long as wide, strongly convex, fully

14 wider than the head, subquadrate, rounded on the sides and narrowed at

base, strongly bifoveate and impressed near the base and bicarinate as in other

species of this subgenus. Elytra nearly % longer than wide, distinctly more

than twice as long as the prothorax and about 34 wider, oval, widest be-

fore the middle, the sides evenly and rather strongly arcuate to the base ;

humeral plica distinct, the impression moderate in size but elongate and very

deep ; foveze approximate ; subsutural impressions very narrow but distinct,

the suture finely but strongly beaded for a long distance from the base, the

bead abruptly though slightly expanded at the basal margin. Legs moderate,

the two anterior femora strongly, the other four feebly, clavate. Length 0.75:

mm.; width 0.32 mm.

Michigan.

This is the smallest species of the genus and holds strongly to

the fatuus type in its general organization; it however differs in

its intense black color, antennal structure and in its much smaller

size. Two specimens.

20. E. capitatus n. sp.—Somewhat stout, moderately ventricose, polished

and subimpunctate; head black, the prothorax piceous, paler at apex, the

elytra pale rufo-testaceous throughout; legs and antennal club very pale,

luteous, the antennal funicle and base darker testaceous; pubescence nearly as-

in fatuus. Head distinctly wider than long, circularly rounded behind the

eyes, which are rather small and scarcely at all prominent; antennal promi-

nences very feeble, widely separated; declivous front transversely tumid just:

behind the clypeus as usual. Antenne as long as the head and prothorax,

slender, the club very strong and abrupt; second joint not as long as the first,

but fully as thick, very strongly obconic, 34 longer than wide, much longer and

thicker than the next two; three to seven equal in thickness, the fifth perhaps.

a little thicker; third and seventh quadrate; fourth and sixth 4, the fifth 14,

longer than wide; eighth fully %g wider, transverse, 76 wider than long,

strongly conic in apical 2¢; ninth twice as long and nearly twice as wide as

the eighth, feebly obtrapezoidal, more than 14 wider than long; tenth not in

oe np: ec al

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 385

the least wider, similar to the ninth but a little shorter, 1g wider than long;

eleventh barely as wide and distinctly shorter than the two preceding, grad-

ually narrowed in a slender and very acute ogive, which is not oblique. Pro-

' thorax subquadrate, about as long as wide, parallel and scarcely narrowed at

base, not distinctly arcuate laterally, but feebly and arcuately narrowed near

the apex, fully 14 wider than the head; subbasal impression strong, the fover

feeble; carinz distinct. Elytra 1g longer than wide, scarcely more than twice

as long as the prothorax and nearly 34 wider; sides evenly, strongly arcuate

throughout the length; humeral plica wide and convex, the subhumeral im-

pression long, rather narrow and very deep; fovez deep and approximate; sub-

sutural impressions obsolete, the suture very finely beaded basally, the bead

minutely, triangularly expanded at base. Legs slender, the four posterior

femora feebly, the two anterior more strongly, clavate. Length 0.95 mm.;

width 0.4 mm.

North Carolina. Mr. Schmitt.

This species, though evidently allied closely to fatuus, differs

obviously in its much stouter antennal club, the latter differing

further from any other of this section, in being much paler, in-

stead of darker, than the remainder. Sexual characters are not

observable, but in the type the anterior tibiz are turned inward

slightly at tip.

In the type specimen the right elytron is removed, and, by

lateral sight, the inner edge of the left is observed to have a ver-

tical inner keel under the subbasal bead, and immediately behind

this a grooved and rather complex locking fold of the edge. The

dorsal. pygidium covered by the elytra is very large, strongly con-

vex and is feebly punctulate and sparsely pubescent toward tip.

Besides the above forms which are deemed worthy of descrip-

tion, there is before me another example, from Florida, which

seems to represent a distinct species, but as it appears to be

immature and is closely allied to some others, it is best not to

name it at present. Indeed all of these six forms of Psomophus

might readily be regarded as strongly marked geographical sub-

species of one type, but the structural differences are so radical

and obvious, that it becomes a matter of necessity to name them,

in order that they may be subsequently referred to.

PYCNOPHUS 2. gen.

The species described by LeConte under the name Scydmenus

yasus, presents numerous structural peculiarities which declare

its isolation from every other known type of the Euconnini. In

386 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

habits also it is more purely myrmecophilous than most other

North American species of the tribe, though even here we may

have cause to doubt the completeness of the symbiosis.

The head is large and truncate at base, but is borne on a

strongly constricted and exserted neck, the antennal cavities

widely separated on the declivous front, with the intermediate

surface not modified, the clypeus short but abruptly subporrect,

so that there is a strong reéntrant angle in profile between

the front and plane of the clypeus, the apex of the latter even.

Labrum large, transverse. Mandibles relatively very small, the

maxillz and palpi more than usually developed, the second joint.

of the maxillary palpi slender, moderately clavate and slightly

bent at apex, the third long, rather abruptly and strongly clavate

in apical half, the basal half forming a long and very slender

peduncle; fourth joint slender and aciculate. In most of its re-

maining characters the single known species might be regarded

as an aberrant Euconnus; it may be described as follows :—

1. P. rasus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 153 (Seyd-

meenus).

Stout, polished and impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous through-

out; body completely glabrous, with the exceptions noted below.

Head large, subquadrangular, much wider than long, glabrous,

except a brush of dense coarse pale hairs at each side of the basal

surface of the occiput near the neck, the latter 2 as wide as the

head; eyes small, rounded, anterior and not prominent. An-

tenn rather thick, with a somewhat abrupt and moniliform 4-

jointed club, nearly 4 as long as the body; joints two to seven

cylindric and very closely connected, the second a little thicker

and slightly elongate; three to six equal in width; third, fourth

and sixth suvequal and not quite as long as wide; fifth rather

longer than wide; seventh but just visibly wider, feebly obconic

and a little longer than wide; joints of club much more loosely

connected ; eighth 2 wider than the seventh, oval and a little

longer than wide; ninth and tenth 4 wider, a little wider than

long, narrowed apically, the apex narrowly truncate; eleventh

rather thicker, very obtusely ogival and slightly oblique at apex,

much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax rather small,

about as long as wide, not quite as wide as the head; sides paral-

lel in basal half, convergent apically ; surface completely glabrous

except a few short hairs on the flanks anteriorly near the head,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 387

the apical margin at the sides broadly lobed; disk with two small

and very widely separated foveze near the basal margin but not

otherwise modified. Elytra large, oval, somewhat less than three

times as long as the prothorax and twice as wide; sides sub-

parallel, broadly, evenly arcuate; humeral plica broad and indefi-

nite, the subhumeral impression large but feeble; fovez deep,

perforate and approximate; suture not beaded, the impressions

obsolete. Mesosternum finely and strongly carinate. Meta-

sternum large and long. Hind coxe rather narrowly separated.

Legs stout and well developed ; two anterior femora strongly, the

other four moderately, clavate; hind tarsi cylindric, the joints

compactly joined, the first four equal in length; ungues slender

and moderately arcuate. Length 1.65-1.9 mm.; width 0.7-0.85

mm. :

Canada (Ottawa), New York, Pennsylvania and Iowa (Iowa

City). A rather common species and more than usually variable

in point of size. The parapleure of the mesosternum are tumid,

as usual, and have a few sparse hairs. The above description is

drawn from the female, but sexual differences are not obvious in

the series before me, and the male has no striking secondary

characters.

It appears to be certain that the Zuconnus calvus of Sharp, re-

cently described in the “ Biologia ” from Guatemala, is not only a

member of this genus, but that it is exceedingly closely allied to

Trasus.

NOCTOPHUS n. gen.

This name is proposed fora large species, densely pubescent

throughout, having in general the structural characters of Eucon-

nus, but exhibiting differences in antennal, labral and crural

features which seem to demand a generic separation. The head

is large, the antennal cavities widely separated by the simple de-

clivous front, the clypeus simple and rectilinearly truncate, its

plane of inclination nearly the same as the front, from which it is

separated by a feeble transverse depression joining the cavities.

Labrum large and transverse, its anterior margin very deeply

sinuate at the middle. Mandibles and eyes well developed.

Palpi missing in the type. Antenne moderate in length, with a

clearly defined 5-jointed club.

The prothorax is nearly as in Euconnus but without trace of

388 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

carinz, merely having in a common transverse line near the base,

a fovea at each side at the summit of the flank, and three, clearly

defined, toward the middle of the disk, not united by a transverse’

impression. The elytra overlap and are individually rounded

at apex as in EKuconnus, but leave exposed a declivous dorsal

pygidium of small extent. The prosternum is deeply emarginate

before the coxe, and the mesosterum strongly carinate, as in all the

other genera of this tribe. The hind coxe are almost completely

contiguous. Legs well developed, the femora all extremely

clavate, the tibize thickened and densely pubescent but narrowed

at base, the tarsi filiform and slightly compressed, the first four

joints of the posterior decreasing very slightly and uniformly in

length. The hind coxe extend to the extreme sides of the body,

and the met-episterna are not in the least exposed.

The species may be described as follows :—

1. N. schmiitti n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, subimpunctate; an-

terior parts and antennz dark rufo-piceous, the elytra and legs paler, dark

rufo-testaceous; pubescence very abundant, coarse, pale in color, bristling

’ densely backward from the occiput, short and not very conspicuous on the

prothorax, close-set, even, moderate in length and distinctly recurved on the

elytra. Head transversly oval, the base broadly rounded; eyes moderately

large, subanterior, somewhat convex, much wider than long and: composed of

large, well developed and very convex contiguous lenses. Antenne stout, not

quite 144 as long as the body; second joint shorter and very much thinner

than the first, only slightly thicker than the following, feebly obconic, much

shorter than the next two and 14 longer than wide; three and four equal,

cylindric, just visibly longer than wide; fifth a little wider, quadrate; sixth

still a little wider, more obviously beaded at base, slightly wider than long,

conic at apex; seventh abruptly % wider, very nearly as long as wide; eight

to ten perfectly similar to the seventh, but just visibly wider and successively

slightely more transverse; joints seven to ten strongly conic at apex; outer

five transversely truncate and strongly beaded at base; eleventh slightly

thicker, ogival but not oblique at tip, not quite as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax rather large, nearly as long as wide, % wider than the head,

rounded at the sides anteriorly, broadly constricted toward base, nar-

rowed toward apex, the latter truncate and %% as wide as the base. Hlytra

elongate-oval, nearly 144 longer than wide, almost 24% times longer than the

prothorax and barely 2g wider, broadly, evenly arcuate at the sides, rather

obtuse at apex; humeral plica rather long, the subhumeral impression large

and conspicuous, gradually evanescent; foveze distinct, not very approximate,

the inner the stronger; subsutural impressions rather strong, the suture feebly

elevated but not definitely beaded toward base. Abdomen very densely pubes-

cent, dark brown, the last two segments pale. Length 2.1 mm.; width

0.78 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 389

North Carolina. Mr. Schmitt.

_ The type appears to be a female from the aspect of the opening

between the dorsal and ventral plates at the apex of the abdomen.

It is probable that the Scydmznus crassicornis of Schaum,

(Anal. Ent., 1841, p. 23), from Colombia, also belongs to this

genus.

DRASTOPHUS n. gen.

The sole representative of Euconnus thus far discovered in the

Pacific coast faunal region, is of a distinct and pronounced type

in having the prothorax strongly and subglobularly convex, with

a minute and feeble double fovea bordered inwardly by a very

small carina at each side, at the basal margin, but without further

modification of any kind, the median fovew and transverse im-

pression being wholly obsolete; there is, in fact, not the feeblest

trace of a character which is peculiarly constant and distinctive

of Euconnus in all its eastern representatives. Otherwise, how-

ever, there is no structural feature which would prohibit us from

associating levicollis with Huconnus as a subgenus.

The typical representative of the genus may be described, as

follows from the male :—

1. D. lzevicollis n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate,

uniformly blackish-piceous in color, the head pale, the legs and antennz pale

flavo-testaceous throughout ; last two segments of the abdomen paler ; pubes-

cence moderately abundant, sparse on the head, short, coarse, erect and bristling

on the prothorax, moderate in length, recurved and intermingled with longer

Sparse and more erect setz on the elytra. Head moderately developed, very

slightly wider than long, broadly subparabolic behind the eyes, which are very

anterior in position, rather small and not prominent ; front feebly swollen

between the antennal] cavities and separated from the clypeus by a feeble trans-

verse groove, the clypeus simple, subporrect, rectilinearly truncate at apex ;

labrum well developed, almost circularly rounded, apparently very obsoletely

sinuate at the middle of the apex ; palpi normal. Antenne moderately long,

fully 144 as long as the body, somewhat slender; club pronounced though not

robust, rather well differentiated ; second joint nearly as long as the first but

slightly narrower, obconic, +5 longer than wide, barely as long as the next

two but distinctly thicker ; three to six equal in width, cylindric ; third 1,

and fifth 14 longer than wide; fourth scarcely visibly elongate ; sixth dis-

tinctly shorter than wide; seventh 14 wider, subglobular, as long as wide;

eighth 14 wider than the seventh, rounded, not quite as long as wide ; ninth

\ wider ; last three increasing very slightly and gradually in thickness among

themselves; ninth 14, tenth ?¢ wider than long ; eleventh large, as long as the

two preceding, gradually and acutely pointed but only slightly oblique at apex.

ee Any

390 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Prothorax subglobular, scarcely as long as wide, nearly 14 wider than the head,

truncate at apex, strongly rounded at the sides, narrowed at base, the surface

strongly and evenly convex. lytra nearly % longer than wide, 244 times

longer than the prothorax and 5¢ wider, strongly inflated near the middle and

_ very much narrowed thence to the base ; apex narrowly rounded; humeral

plica and impression obsolete ; fovez large, deep, equal, perforate and approxi-

mate, the inner slightly emarginating the sutural bead ; subsutural impres-

sions obsolete, the suture feebly beaded and only very near the base, the bead

rapidly and triangularly expanded at base. Legs well developed, the femora

moderately clavate, the anterior more strongly; hind tarsi filiform, the first

three joints subequal and slightly elongate, the fourth distinctly shorter; hind

coxe only moderately separated, the distance being equal to about 14 of their

individual width. Mesosternum strongly carinate. Length 1.25 mm.; width

0.45 mm.

California (San Francisco); British Columbia.

The male has the abdomen simple, with the exception of the

fifth segment, which has on the disk near the apex two small and

feeble wart-like elevations, mutually separated by about 4 of the

width of the segment. The female does not differ appreciably

from the male. The pubescence of the head is sparse and irregu-

lar in arrangement, except at the sides on the tempora, where it

is coarse, abundant and directed posteriorly. This species is

abundant throughout the Pacific coast districts.

CONNOPHRON on. gen.

The species separated under this name constitute by far the

largest and most characteristically American element of the

family, and the European fauna does not appear to possess any

types which can be associated with them, either in structure or

general facies. We in fact have here an example of the non-con-

formity frequently observable between the faunas of Hurope and

eastern North America, as evidenced further in the genera Meli-

gethes, Bythinus, Tenebrioides, Otiorhynchus, Hymenorus and

numerous other instances, where large genera are confined prin-

cipally to one continent, although represented also in the other.

Connophron does not appear to extend into the true Pacific coast

fauna, which fact might rather have been anticipated than other-

wise, in consideration of its purely American origin ; it however

penetrates very nearly to that limit, being found in southern Cali-

fornia and eastern Oregon.

In general structure Connophron is closely allied to Euconnus,

but differs in its conical prothorax, devoid of basal fovez, this

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 391

apparently constituting a differential feature of true generic weight

which appears to have been overlooked. The pronotum is how-

ever frequently impressed transversely near the base, the impres-

sion generally distinctly interrupted at the middle, but there is

in no case even so much as a trace of the circular pits so charac-

teristic of Euconnus.

The body is generally somewhat stout and noticeablv ventri-

cose, much more so as a rule than in Euconnus, and there are but

few exceptions—such as clavatum—where the form becomes

slender, though always remaining strongly convex. The head is

moderate in size, convex, without asexual irregularity of any

kind except in the extremely minute caviceps, strongly rounded

behind, the occiput descending abruptly and almost vertically in

profile to the neck, which is constricted as usual. The eyes are

quite anterior in position and vary greatly in size and promi-

nence. The antennz vary but little in type of structure, and are

not affected sexually to more than a slight degree, the two basal

joints larger, the next four cylindric and equal in width, forming

a peduncle for the enlarged apical parts, the seventh forming a

transition to the more or less elongate 4-jointed club, which, how-

ever, becomes purely 3-jointed in a few species, the eighth joint

then being nearly similar to the seventh; but the eighth varies

considerably in size in the 4-jointed club, so that the 3-jointed

condition is simply an extreme limit, and the species possessing

it do not present any other differential feature. The species hav-

ing a 3-jointed club in Euconnus constitute much more abruptly

circumscribed groups. The maxillary palpi have the third joint

elongate and obconic or suboval, the fourth small, slender and

aciculate. .

The hind coxe are rather narrowly separated, in one groupbe-

coming almost contiguous and with the abdominal process angu-

late; in these species the first ventral segment is peculiarly modified,

the posterior tarsi longer, with the joints more unequal and the

hind tibize provided at apex with a long and slender spur in the

male. This singular spur is, however, not confined to the group

with triangular intercoxal process, but occurs also in some of the

minute species with simple clypeus assigned to the preceding

section. The clypeal tooth so prominent in the-larger species of

the first group, having an unimpressed pronotum, is a perfectly

asexual feature, and seems to be constant in form and size in all

392 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the individuals of the respective species, wherever an opportunity ae

has occurred to inspect a series of examples. The elytra are

separately rounded at apex and mutually overlap for a consider-

able distance, the fine raised line indicating the limit of overlap

diverging on each from the inner edge posteriorly. The hind

wings are fringed with stiff erect hairs. There is a terminal

dorsal pygidium which is entirely concealed by the elytra. The

integuments are always rather plentifully clothed with hair, which

is simple in structure on the elytra, but intermingled with shorter

and stiffer spicules on the anterior parts; it is directed backward

on the head and densely clothes the basal parts; there is also a

short erect and oblique fringe at each side of the occiput.

The sexual characters are very feeble as a rule, but in the very

minute biceps, and, to a less degree, in caviceps, become extremely

pronounced, the head in the male being modified to as great a

degree as in Batrisus. In frontale and its immediate allies there

is a small pubescent area between the antennal prominences which

_is wanting in the female, but beside these cases I have noticed no.

sexual modification in any part of the body, except occasionally

a very slight one in general form. The terminal spur of the hind

tibiz in the males of a large section of the genus, is a character

altogether peculiar to Connophron. The form of the cedeagus is

noticed under the descriptions of those species in which it hap-

pened to be visible in the particular representative studied, but

the organ is seldom protruded in mounted specimens.

The species are exceedingly numerous and those which I have

before me seem to be conveniently classified as follows :—

Basal joint of the hind tarsi not, or scarcely, longer than the second, the first

four joints subequal among themselves; hind coxze moderately separated,

the abdominal process obtuse; posterior margin of the first segment simple;

hind tibiz of the male never calcarate at apex, except in certain small

Species with simple clypeal Margin. .-...<..<..oomse-snce.-oscee serene eee eaten as 2

Basal joint of the hind tarsi elongate, always distinctly longer than the second,

the joints one to four decreasing rapidly in length, the tarsi frequently

very slender and filiform; hind coxa more approximate, the abdominal

process angulate; posterior margin of the first segment arcuate and gener-

ally fringed with membranous hairs or a coriaceous border; hind tibise of

the male with a slender terminal process............2.2-.s+seseeeeeseeceeeeeersees 33

2—Antennal club 4-jointed, frequently gradual in formation....................+- 3

Antennal club 3-jointed, always abruptly formed......... MBSR AR anacane So arscacddec 32

2—Clypeus toothed at the middle of the apical margin, the tooth sometimes

HATWE NLU aaa conaconaaapabhcuasadcocopdbocososbobaEqpUueconoduoqoounabooobedabocodadarcdnsonocoares 4

Rees

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 393

Clypeus without trace of marginal inequality.............c.ccccseseseceee eons eeneeens 20

4—Body distinctly more than 1 mm. in length.................ccccseeenece ese eee eee ees 5

nod ye apouG lh mM. Im LeNSbh.. 1... sa cpesececcaweccveacesenewars Bee peed aos cecac cote a eaeee 19

3—HElytral pubescence long, erect and generally fine...................00..seseeeeee 6

Elytral pubescence coarse, shorter and recurved................s000seseeesseeee esos 18

6G—Pronotum not transversely impressed near the basal margin, though with

two faint rounded and nearly contiguous impressions in repletum......... 7

Pronotum transversely and rather feebly impressed near the basal margin....17

%—Clypeal tooth large or moderate, distinct..................0..cecceeeeceecececeserees 8

Clypealgtoothivery, MINUS icc .5.ccscccseesssccwnecSsetel ecas seed eseseseancsdnececatsoncsions 16

S—HElytra with a large and conspicuous subhumeral impression.................. 9

Elytra with the subhumeral impression and humeral plica obsolete or very

TCA ym S Oe serch see ciacianiclen tesa siectome ates eleuelsnrelawtecis ats se salsiseiajvinisije(inisis sivisaejere satis we've 15

9—Large species, always more than 144 mm. in length.........................665 10

Small species, much less than 114 mm in length..................:ceceeeec eee eeeees 14

10—Pronotum with two feeble, approximate and probably evanescent im-

pressions in the middle near the basal margin................ 1 repletum

Pronotum even, without trace of impression at any part.................0ceceeees 11

1i—Elytra strongly impressed at each side of the suture near the base....... 12

Elytra feebly or not at all impressed near the Suture....................-eeeceseeeee 13

12—Elytra long and rather acutely pointed behind, fully 14 longer than wide.

Clypeal tooth entire; femora all strongly clavate.

Antennal club scarcely at all differentiated; elytra bright red with the

Smbunenine Wyablackishis ceutseco-cenceesn«ccce tosses cs -woane 2 Optatum

Antennal club somewhat distinct; elytra uniformly blackish-piceous in

Colon Moc yeemannow Clea ersistec-iasasse oeisicdtaseeass senses 3 longipenne

Clypeal tooth narrow, bifid at tip; hind femora much less strongly

CLAW AI eee sustea ee aiscanstaist sttuoeiacle's Seicts sale cblogine semen aselecies semanas 4 acutipenne

Elytra shorter and much more obtuse at apex, evidently less than 14 longer

than wide.

Elytra dull red, nubilate with black posteriorly.................... + formale

Elytra bright red throughout; body notably smaller........... 6 simulans

i13—Antenne shorter, the club strongly differentiated; subsutural impres-

sions feeble but visible, the suture beaded toward base.

Legs bright rufo-testaceous throughout...................ecsceeereeee 7 schaumi

Legs blackish; tibize paler, the tarsi flavate....................... 8 flavitarse

Antenne shorter, the club strongly differentated; subsutural impressions

nearly obsolete, the suture not at all beaded toward base; size much

SMASH a alawaiecde wlic'ce huis ous ondsmacaeoo once cua veecla se deneetaeemsiass 9 oreophilum

Antenne long and slender; hind femora evidently less strongly clavate than

the four anterior; elytral suture not beaded toward base.

Body rufo-piceous im Color..................eecesseeceenseceeeeeeceee 10 longicorne

Body bright and pale rufo-testaceous in Color.................-6++ 11 rubrum

14—Prothorax shorter than wide, with the sides straight; penultimate joints

of the antennz moderately transverse................s.eeeeeeeees 12 dentiger

Prothorax fully as long as wide, with the sides arcuate; penultimate joints of

the antenne strongly tramsverSe.................sececeeeeeeee 13 extricatum

394 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

15—Hind body normally inflated; body blackish throughout.

Prothorax small, about 1 as wide as the elytra and much less than 4 ag

WOME 3 ice ce acatce there tm ese nsos cnet aac ener chee an eee nee 14 ludificans

Prothorax fully 35 as wide as the elytra and very nearly 14 as long

15 gaudens

Hind body relatively narrow, 44 wider than the prothorax, rufous in color, the

elytra black though becoming paler at apex.............. 16 nigripenne

16—Hind body normally inflated, the elytra more than 44 wider than the

prothorax.

Subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture not at all elevated or beaded

TOWATC DASE IE ate Me ctenemece oeacie cece oertee neh reece tee cee Ene 17 fossiger

Subsutural impressions visible, the suture more or less beaded toward base.

- Anterior femora moderate, not modified in the male.

Small ; elytra red throughout and much inflated, the subhumeral im-

PLESSLOM: SHLOMO: dosed lcrsckltase can omenes elceie sei lose eset 18 novellum

Small ; elytra reddish, becoming black toward the sides and apex,

much less inflated, the subhumeral impression small.

19 brevicorne

Larger and stouter, the body black throughout ; sutural bead and sub-

humeral impression very strong and conspicuous..20 temnebrosum

Anterior femora large and modified in the male; body black throughout.

21 femorale

Hind body narrow, the elytra not more than 14 wider than the prothorax ; color

PAlePhrous Out seccwesmccssscccnanee see soasscoeenecse menace eee ee 22 procerum

1'%—Clypeal tooth rather well developed ; body elongate and narrow, pale in

color, the elytra but slightly more than 14 wider than the prothorax.

23 elongatum

18— Antenne stout, not longer than the head and prothorax, strongly clavate,

the penultimate joints very transverse.

Larger, the basal foveze of the elytra strong, the outer large.

24 clavicorne

Small, the basal foveze small and feeble ; antennal club more nearly 3-

TOTES Se erste ot sbaoauciosAseoctio sou sobicuebeeassons soasamaooccc0e- 25 abducens

Antenne rather slender, much longer than the head and prothorax.

Penultimate joints of the antenne distinctly wider than long ; body blackish

throughout, the legs and antenne pale.

Elytra inflated, fully #5 wider than the prothorax............26 Luteipes

Elytra but slightly inflated, scarcely 4 wider than the prothorax ; body

MALROWVEU Ao. scssecescesseescccctcescccccevieeusi ne tae eee nee 27 letulum

Penultimate joints of the antennze fully as long as wide ; body rather nar-

rowly oval, pale in color throughout ; antennal club feebly differentiated.

28 furtivum

19—Pronotum without trace of transverse impression, perfectly even through-

out ; male probably without cephalic modification ; antennal club gradual

in formation, the eighth joint intermediate in width ; elytral pubescence

rather short, coarse and recurved.

ees «

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 395

Penultimate joints of the antennz only slightly transverse, the club mod-

erate in thickness ; elytra 14 longer than the head and prothorax com-

[DECIR asst cat weae es tas caer wu cansunbratmac a cbeanebantcaed aEeamebi Rete 29 comptum

Penultimate joints strongly transverse, the club strong ; elytra obviously

less than 14 longer than the head and prothorax.

Clypeus distinctly keeled along the middle...................... 30 humile

Clypeus simple ; body narrower and less pubescent, the antennze less

CUD ITB as IN Pee aL 7 eC Ge aE RS oa 31 pallidum

Pronotum more or less feebly impressed transversely near the basal margin ;

male with a more densely punctured frontal area ; antennal club rather

slender.

Elytral pubescence short, coarse and recurved, with widely dispersed erect

setz intermingled ; color bright testaceous throughout.

32 angusticolle

Elytral pubescence long, suberect and virtually uniform.

Body stouter, with the head well developed, piceous or blackish in

COLOTM eee eee eects tec aene oc maaaee dst cusealds vealed wa atesawsinete 33 frontale

Body narrower and more rhomboidal, paler in color, the head much

SMLAMVET AN SIAC DASE ardoce Coacewactecdthatecrs sedevi toile ctbeee ss oanes 34 frustum

20—Head not greatly modified in the male...................ccececeseceeeseeeee eee ees 21

Head conspicuously modified in the male, being more or less prominently angu-

late at the sides behind the eyes in that sex; body extremely minute...31

21—Pronotum even, without distinct transverse impression; body slightly

aneer MeV esSIN al lNOLINOderabens.casoesce ceases senor choecsen acces nbecose ses won 22

Pronotum with a transverse interrupted impression near the basal margin,

wliehmsphowevercjenera lly tee Dl eteeesesncetcwetin cecweereaecteviee-seneacecne-eee 23

22—Elytral pubescence long, even and suberect; male without tibial spur, at

least in occidens.

Black, the elytral suture beaded toward base.................... 35 integrum

Rufous, the suture not at all beaded...................sccceeseeceeens 36 Occidens

Elytral pubescence rather long and suberect but intermingled with still longer

tactile setze; male with a slender spur at the apex of the hind tibie.

Body feebly ventricose, the elytral vestiture dense.................... 37 amale

Body strongly ventricose, the elytral vestiture coarser and much sparser.

38 ventricosum

Elytral pubescence short, coarse and recurved; body rufo-testaceous through-

out. :

The elytral vestiture even, or with the erect setz not obviously longer.

Femora strongly clavate; subhumeral impression rather distinct though

AM OA CLAUS eeissoee cesses ee ee nena ee ea eee elne ds dgaudeeneces 39 hirtellum

Femora feebly clavate, especially posteriorly.

Subhumeral impression almost obsolete.................2..-++ 40 decorum

Subhumeral impression distinct; male with a spur at the apex of the

JETOCUO CSS OTE ooniee BAER ORR GEGACE Gob cac-es an Rane iCer eo aaaee ered 41 digressum

The elytral pubescence intermingled with long, erect and conspicuous

tactile setze; subhumeral impression very long and deep; femora quite

Ree blisclavctescscestesecssevow see seaemec nce eee ne oatuslteusaevexcdawctuones 42 setiger

396 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

23—Body more ventricose, the elytra always ciency more than 1g wider

than the: prothorax.c «seis. .icvcsireaewseiciese vols accassnsccsvesecetshessvesian st eeceeeeeeeeeem 24

Body narrow and elongate but convex as usual, the elytra about 14 wider than

the prothorax; transverse pronotal impression Strong.............-2ssesseeeee 30

24-—Prothorax strongly (conical....c-.s:2.c-s-cs-arscecsateosstessenecsunenn desea =eeeee 25

Prothorax very feebly conical and frequently subparallel in basal half......... 29

25—Elytra strongly but sparsely punctate toward base, the punctures obsoles-

cent broadly along the crest of the flanks...................0s0008 43 divisum

Elytra not punctured or uniformly and very inconspicuously punctulate......26

26—Liytra strongly inflated, the humeral plica and adjacent impression well

MEVELO PCM: -s. nic. ciassieiesenisiese seiaceiceacssiecsicecacseanisecioeccuvccdceetses === ate 27

Elytra less inflated, the humeral plica and impression smaller and less dis-

PLIAGE osrsiecle ons os nn dioloeisoceciainlnc osteitis Sieleeiels wiele isle’ oaiele\scitiee senile sctaeiesi Don eee) eee ee eee 28

24 —Prothorax very small, scarcely more than 44 as wide as the elytra; eyes

very large and prominent.

Body black throughout; antennal club pronounced.......... 44 testaceipes

Body blackish, the elytra bright red; antennal club very slender and more

gradual in formation... .2.c03 «5 cdecesdensiea tes eeldsos Sorcewoe neeeeeeee 45 imerme

Prothorax not so small, always distinctly more than 14 as wide as the elytra;

eyes moderately large in size.

Elytral vestiture rather long and suberect; antennal prominences evident,

with the front impressed between them.

Elytral suture with a broad bead which is broadly expanded at base.

46 innocuum

Elytral suture not beaded; head larger and more transverse, with larger

EY.OSse adisedlisie socatiiowedeclsicn seinen Caeamoeelastee vcleabinabies stele elesee eae 47 conifer

Elytral vestiture shorter, more ppnadant and recurved, even; antennal

prominences completely obsolete, the front not impressed.

48 castaneum

28—Elytra not punctulate, the transverse pronotal impressions very feeble as

usual; elytral suture with a strong bead toward base, which is rapidly

expanded at the basal margin.

Elytral vestiture rather long and abundant though recurved; body dark in

COLOTS. shies sce buiedd wea ckd as wecsjalen Nowy sieiedle seule steele ore oe amie taaeaceeeeeae 49 triviale

Elytral vestiture shorter and sparse; body paler in color; penultimate joint

of the antennz MOre traNSVETSE.............cesceceeeceececeesoecees 50 osculans

Elytra vaguely punctulate, the pronotal impressions rather strong; elytral

suture only very feebly elevated toward base; body minute in size.

51 pyramidale

29—Elytral pubescence very short and decumbent; head larger; posterior

femora rather strongly clavate; size much larger.......... 52 Oregomnense

Elytral pubescence longer and less decumbent, rather sparse; head noticeably

small, distinctly impressed between the antennal prominences; posterior

femora feebly clavate; size minute.

Body pale rufous; elytral pubescence rather short; prothorax parallel, with

the sides straight toward Dase............ceessssseseseseeeeenes 53 nimbatum

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 397

Body black or piceous-black, the legs pale; elytral pubescence quite long

and only feebly recurved; prothorax feebly conical, with the sides

broadly arcuate, becoming parallel near the base............. 54 parcum

30—Head large, nearly as wide as the prothorax.................. 55 Clavatum

Head smaller, much narrower than the prothorax, the latter more strongly

MALO WE eb, AOR. fvssuassssaciisasciccdies ccag oben deewceeited sahecnt 56 decipiens

31—Head transversely excavated in the male and strongly angulate laterally,

perfectly simple and of the normal form in the female.......... 57 biceps

Head concave toward the middle of the vertex in both sexes, feebly angulate

at) be sides) imithe malesc: ce cinvsseescscecsscseciecs oodescleccedacte 58 Caviceps

32—Clypeal tooth rather well developed, narrow and acute; antennz stouter.

Larger, blackish in color, the hind femora but slightly less clavate; elytra

longer, much more than twice as long as the prothorax....... 59 trinifer

Small, testaceous, the four posterior femora less clavate; elytra smaller, not

more than twice as long as the prothorax.................... 60 debilitans

Clypeal tooth extremely minute, short and obtuse; antennal funicle much nar-

rower, Slender.

Hind body obese, the elytra with a distinct subhumeral impression.

61 trifidum

Hind body narrowly oval, the subhumeral impression almost wholly obso-

Neb eAStZeMMOLey MIMUILC esas selec se seehee- ted cescicecteceomassloeseesece 62 fulvum

»—Larger species, distinctly more than 1 mm. in length; basal joint of the

hind ertarsip MOTE; ClON GALES Les cacaseclasser cece eccsecodesasesacatccutosucckeolcsedecces 34

Minute species, less than 1 mm. in length..................cccccseeeeeeeeeneeecec ee eee 46

24—Clyneus triangularly toothed at the middle; pronotum strongly, trans-

versely impressed near the basal margin..................... 63 repugnans

Clypeus not toothed, or not more than excessively feebly modified at the mid-

dle of the apical margin in a broadly rounded inequality.................. 35

#2)—Pronotum without trace of subbasal impression; tibial spur of the male

very long; hind body strongly ventricose; body black throughout.

64 calcaratum

Pronotum transversely impressed or biimpressed near the basal margin...... 36

#G—Piceous or paler in color, with the elytra generally paler testaceous or

Penapu ena tieeerce GL ge 5 ce sessecacrs a ccuseiomayacieiae ace ela asiscia ceria sae cioslstselascene eee astieaclse a’ 37

Black throughout, the elytra sometimes with a scarcely perceptible piceous

GINO SA ee hace he lstsielsnisis states oils see smias amie nesses semen enocre sae saackinsclnsielseiinss ones 44

Dark rufo-testaceous, the elytra black or piceous-black....................2.2.-+ 45

37—Apex of the first abdominal segment fringed with scale-like porrect hairs,

or with a solid pale coriaceous borde’..................2cecececececcecececerecees 38

Apex of the first segment almost perfectly simple and normal........ Salsas oaeiact 43

#S—Terminal tibial process of the male split into two or three more slender

MULATING MUGS eseeiasctart-te sacs sseenTonlddatteetinn sence see ec ade cb esiesto ca cecteciraseierdeseecuoeeos 39

Terminal process simple; elytral suture always beaded toward base, the bead

abruptly expanded at the basal margin..................ceececseeeeeeeseeeceeeee 40

39—Antennz longer, with a stronger and more incrassate club; subhumeral

impressionifeebless...is sss paccessatesecypctesessorsece ne wistveeeneeessean 65 bifidum

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sci., IX, April, 1897.—27.

398 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Antenne shorter, with a more feebly marked club; subhumeral impression

very large and COonSpiCUOUS................0csceeoeecceesesesencees 66 mutilans

40—Large species, always over 144 mm. in length ; subsutural impressions

VELY GOED. ...0.0220s0cdecae decewascctaecstvecuddaseesdseenecceeceeeess ease eet ee==aaaa 41

Smaller species, always under 144 mm. in length.................csscececsecereceees 42

41—Subhumeral impression large, deep and conspicuous.

Antennal club distinctly differentiated.................... 67 capillosulum

Antennal club scarcely at all defined ; tarsi longer.......... 68 proximum

Subhumeral impression smaller and very feeble ; elytra more elongate, less

ventricose and more posteriorly pointed than in capillosulum.

69 illustre

42—Prothorax larger, much more than 14 as wide as the elytra.

Antennal club pronounced, parallel and well differentiated...70 Lymceum

Antennal club incrassate, narrow and more feebly differentiated.

71 basale

Prothorax small, not much more than 14 as wide as the elytra.

Pronotum strongly impressed near the basal margin.

General color piceous ; subbasal impression of the pronotum not dis-

tinctly interrupted at the middle....................-csecesee 72 politum

General color pale testaceous ; elytral pubescence very long; subbasal

impression of the pronotum completely divided..73 longipilosum

Pronotum very feebly and obsoletely impressed ; general color piceous ;

elytral pubescence moderately long and erect............. 74 lacunosum

43—Elytral pubescence unusually sparse.............scceceeeeeseeeeees 75 filitarse

44—Femora dark in color.

Larger species, more than 114 mm. in length......................... 76 atrum

Small species, but little more than 1 mm. in length ; prothorax small, about

17 Jas wide as thevely tra--:s-c-t-c-sseescsoosese-seecneeec eeneeeeee 77 pertinax

Femora and entire legs pale testaceous in color.

Penultimate antennal joint not strongly transverse.

Prothorax small, scarcely more than 14 as wide as the elytra ; hind body

strongly inflated ; small species .................0-.sseeeeee 78 pallidipes

Prothorax rather distinctly more than 14 as wide as the elytra; larger

SPOCLES sis. diistis eslse ra letialetiesiogwaecmincace cece sc bows oclseiesoeiduseeoeeeees 79 nigrum

Penultimate antennal joint strongly transverse; pronotum strongly and

almost continuously impressed near the basal margin. ..80 paganum

4.5—Elytral pubescence rather coarse, pale, erect and conspicuous ; pronotal

impression strong, very narrowly and imperfectly interrupted at the

IMTS. Secs icecs. os bees cueseesteevesthlotc sels savegeelle date CUeeeeenEane 81 limatum

46—-Basal joint of the hind tarsi relatively shorter, not as long as the next

tOKCOM INEM 45. ssceeethcsakals ccscsascaelsdeons soeeeeeceeneeseeeees 82 pumilum

The extreme constancy of type throughout the genus is very

remarkable, and necessitates a careful scrutiny in order to distin-

cuish the numerous species, which in some parts become closely

allied among themselves; but, as in nearly ajl similar cases, this

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 399

adherence to a common type characterizes also the individuals of

the various species, there being but little variability throughout

extended series, even in size of the body, so that with some study,

there can be no more than the usual uncertainty in recognizing

species.

1. C. repletum 1. sp.—Stout, polished and impunctate; head blackish,

the prothorax slightly paler, the elytra dark rufo-testaceous throughout; ab-

domen blackish, slightly pale toward tip; legs and antenne bright rufo-tes-

taceous; pubescence long and abundant, flavous, darker on the prothorax.

Head about as long as wide, strongly parabolic behind the eyes, which are

notably small and but slightly prominent; clypeal margin strongly toothed at

the middle. Antennzx 14 as long as the body, gradually but rather strongly

incrassate toward tip, the three basal joints decreasing slightly in thickness;

‘second nearly twice as long as wide; three to six differing but little among

themselves and about *¢ longer than wide, seventh but slightly thicker, 14

longer than wide; eighth elongate-oval, beaded at base as usual and % longer

than wide; last three joints increasing very slightly in thickness; ninth and

tenth oval, narrowed at base, the latter not longer than wide, the former

slightly elongate; eleventh oval, gradually and obliquely pointed, not as long

as the two preceding. Prothoraz conic, the sides feebly arcuate, the apex

about 14 as wide as the base, the latter broadly arcuate and scarcely more than

44 wider than the head; disk with two large rounded and excessively feeble con-

tiguous impressions at the middle, near the basal margin. Elytra not quite 14

longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and about #6 wider, oval, the

sides evenly arcuate, somewhat obtuse at apex; humeral plica feeble; sub-

humeral impression large but feeble, the two fovee approximate and not

strong; surface strongly impressed at the suture near the base, the suture

finely but strongly elevated basally. Legs well developed, the femora all

strongly clavate, but, as usual, decreasingly so posteriorly. Length 2.1 mm.;

width 0.9 mm.

Arkansas (Carlisle). Myr. Wickham.

The individual before me is without doubt a male, and the

Species may be known by its large size, strong elytral impressions,

elevated suture and inflated hind body. The two approximate

impressions of the pronotum are so feeble, that, were they not

symmetrically placed in the unique type, I should be disposed to

regard them as spurious and accidental; it is more than probable

that they are inconstant and may disappear altogether.

2. C. optatum n. sp.—Elongate-oval, moderately stout, polished and im-

punctate, dark piceo-castaneous, the elytra dark rufous throughout but blackish

along the suture ; abdomen pale and somewhat yellowish ; legs and antennze

dark rufous ; pubescence long and abundant, pale, dense and bristling ante-

tiorly. Head nearly as long as wide, broadly parabolic behind the eyes,

400 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

which are rather small but prominent; frontal impression distinct and

with a few coarser punctules in a double series ; frontal margin transversely

truncate at apex, the tooth strong and narrow ; occiput vertical at base. An-

tenn slender and elongate, rather more than 44 as long as the body, incrassate

toward tip ; first three joints decreasing gradually and slightly in thickness,

feebly obconic, the first twice as long as wide ; second %% longer than wide ;

three to seven subequal in thickness and subcylindric; third and fifth 24, fourth

and sixth 1g, and seventh 14, longer than wide ; eighth, elongate-oval, nar-

rowed toward base, 7 longer than wide, distinctly longer than the seventh or

ninth ; three outer joints increasing but little in thickness, the ninth a little

longer than wide; tenth subquadrate ; eleventh gradually pointed, much

shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax rather longer than wide, conic, the

sides but slightly arcuate ; apex not tubulate, feebly arcuate and 44 as wide

as the base, the latter feebly arcuate and not 7 wider than the head; disk per-

fectly even and without trace of impression. Elytra fully 144 longer than

wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and %4 wider, widest before

the middle ; sides evenly arcuate from base to apex, the latter narrowly

rounded ; two basal foveze on each rather approximate ; subhumeral impres-

sion moderate, the humeral plica wide and distinct but not much elongated

disk distinctly impressed at the suture near the base, the suture strongly

beaded toward base. Abdomen coarsely flavo-pubescent. Legs rather long,

the femora all strongly clavate. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Florida (St. Johns River).

The sex of the single specimen before me is undoubtedly male,

as shown by antennal structure and the conformation of the

apical plates of the abdomen. Sexual differences in form are

probably very slight. The species may be readily known by its

large size and impressed elytra, with the suture strongly beaded.

3. C. lomgipenne n.sp.—Elongate and moderately slender, polished and

impunctate, piceous-black, the elytra throughout very dark rufo-piceous; under

surface blackish, the abdomen pale at tip; legs and antennze dark rufous, the

femora still darker; pubescence long and abundant, flavescent on the elytra.

Head slightly wider than long, almost semicircularly rounded behind the eyes,

the latter rather small and moderately convex; neck narrow, barely 74 of the

maximum width; clypeal tooth strong and rather pointed; occiput deeply ver-

tical at base. Antennzx 14 as long as the body, slender, the club feebly differ-

entiated; first three joints decreasing uniformly and gradually in thickness,

the first and second nearly twice as long as wide, the latter shorter than the

next two; three to six equal in width, cylindric; third and sixth }4, fourth 7, —

fifth 14, longer than wide; seventh slightly thicker, 44 longer than wide, as

long as the eighth, the latter feebly obconic, % longer than wide, rather longer

than the ninth, which is but slightly longer than wide; outer joints increasing

feebly in thickness. Prothorax a little longer than wide, conic, the sides very

feebly and almost evenly arcuate; apex truncate, not at all tubulate, 14 as

wide as the base, the latter feebly arcuate and scarcely 14 wider than the head;

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 401

surface even, without trace of impression. lytra rather more than 1g longer

than wide, about #5 wider than the prothorax and more than twice as long,

oval, the sides evenly arcuate throughout; apex narrowly rounded; humeral

plica pronounced and somewhat elongate; subhumeral impression rather deep

and extending some distance from the base; two basal foveze moderate; sub-

sutural impressions, near the base, deep and distinct, the suture beaded thence

to the basal margin. Legs well developed, the femora strongly clavate.

Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Iowa (Keokuk).

The type is a male,as shown by the acutely produced extremity

of the broad copulatory spicule. This species may be known by

its dark colors, elongate elytra, large size and some other features

as shown in the table.

4. C. acutipenme n. sp.—Rather narrowly subrhomboidal in form, pol-

ished, subimpunctate, piceous-black, the elytra feebly rufescent; abdomen

-castaneous; legs and antennz dark rufous; pubescence abundant, stiff ante-

riorly, long, pale and quite dense on the elytra. Head nearly as long as wide,

semicircularly rounded behind the eyes, the latter moderate in size and rather

convex ; neck % of the maximum width; occiput deeply vertical at base;

frontal margin truncate, the tooth Pes elongate, with the tip bifid and

bearing a setiform hair. Antennz nearly 14 as long as the body, the eighth

joint rather abruptly wider than the seventh and the club almost parallel;

second joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, almost as long as the next

two; three to six almost exactly equal, cylindric, slightly narrower than the

second and barely 14 longer than wide; seventh but little thicker, cylindric-

oval, % longer than wide; eighth wider, suboval, 14 longer than wide, equal

in length to the ninth, which is slightly longer than wide; tenth not longer

than wide; eleventh obliquely pointed, slightly stouter than the ninth and

tenth and distinctly shorter than the two together. Prothorax conic, slightly

longer than wide, the sides feebly arcuate; apex not at all tubulate, fully 14

as wide as the base, which is about 4g wider than the head, surface perfectly

even throughout. L/ytra rather more than 14 longer than wide, more than

twice as long as the prothorax and 4, wider; sides more strongly arcuate at

basal 2%, thence oblique and straighter to the apex, which is acutely rounded;.

humeral plica and impression somewhat short and feeble but distinct; fovese

small and feeble; surface strongly impressed at the suture near the base, the

Suture finely and moderately elevated basally. Abdomen densely fulvo-pubes-

cent. Legs rather long; anterior and middle femora strongly, ine posterior

rather feebly, clavate. Length1.8 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Texas (Houston).

Readily distinguishable by the elongate and acute elytra, which

are strongly impressed along the suture toward base. It resembles

longipenne, hut is smaller, with the vestiture much denser and

differs greatly in the form of the clypeal tooth, which is simple,

402 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

acute and triangular in that species. The genital segment in the

type is truncate and feebly, transversely impressed at tip. The

type is a male.

5. C. formale n. sp.—Rather stout, elongate-oval, polished and sub-

impunctate, piceous-black, the elytra dark rufous, blackish behind ; abdomen

blackish, pale at apex ; legs and antennz dark rufous, the femora blackish ;.

pubescence long and rather abundant, the darker anterior bristles numerous.

Head slightly wider than long, semicircular behind the rather small eyes, which

are not prominent ; neck less than 144 the maximum width ; occiput deeply

vertical at base; clypeal tooth strong, simple, triangular, not very acute.

Antenne barely 14% as long as the body, somewhat gradually incrassate dis-—

tally ; club only feebly differentiated ; three basal joints decreasing only very

slightly in thickness ; third feebly obconic, fully 34 longer than wide, much

shorter than the next two ; three and six 14, four and five nearly 14, longer

than wide ; seventh but little thicker, 2g longer than wide ; last four joints.

increasing very little in thickness, the ninth but slightly longer than wide ;.

tenth on the compressed side rather wider than long ; eleventh almost as long

as the two preceding. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide, conic, the sides.

feebly arcuate ; apex rather more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter

scarcely more than 14 wider than the head. Elytra not 144 longer than wide,

fully twice as long as the prothorax and nearly twice as wide, regularly oval,

the sides evenly arcuate and widest only slightly before the middle ; apex

rather obtusely rounded ; humeral plica and subhumeral impression well de-

veloped ; foveze small and very feeble ; subsutural impressions distinct, the

suture very finely and feebly elevated basally. Abdomen coarsely and moder-

ately densely fulvo-pubescent, Legs well developed ; femora strongly clavate,

the posterior tibize broadly arcuate basally. Length1.9 mm. ; width 0.8 mm.

Towa (lowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The type above described is a female, and the male will proba-

bly prove to be more slender. Four specimens from Ohio, in

poor state of preservation, are associated for the present with

formale, but possibly represent a closely allied species, as the

elytra are brighter red and invariably become gradually black in

posterior third or fourth. This species is said to occur in ant-

nests, but the association is probably in part fortuitous.

6. C. Simulams n. sp.—Moderately stout, highly polished and impunc-

tate, piceo-testaceous in color, the elytra bright red throughout ; under surface:

dark, paler at the tip of the abdomen ; legs and antennz rufous ; pubescence

long but only moderately close, pale, the anterior bristles darker and nume-

rous at the sides. Head moderate, semicircular behind the eyes, which are well

developed, convex and prominent; clypeal tooth very stout and strong,

rounded at apex and with its upper surface tumid. Antenne scarcely more

than % as long as the body, the outer joints thick, increasing but slightly

among themselves and forming a tolerably well defined club; second joint féebly

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 403

obeonic, 144 longer than wide, slightly shorter and thicker than the next two ;

three to six equal in thickness, cylindric; three and six only just perceptibly

longer than wide; fourth 4, and fifth 14, longer than wide; seventh decidedly

and abruptly thicker, cylindric-oval and only slightly longer than wide; eighth

abruptly thicker but intermediate between seven and nine, not longer than

wide ; tenth barely as long as wide ; outer five joints strongly beaded at base.

Prothoraz but slightly longer than wide, strongly conic, apex 14 as wide as the

base, the latter 2 wider than the head ; surface perfectly even, without trace

of impression. lytra less than 14 longer than wide, barely twice as long as

the prothorax and almost twice as wide, oval, widest but little before the

middle, the sides evenly arcuate ; humeral plica elongate and strong, the sub-

humeral impression large and distinct ; subsutural impressions deep and dis-

tinct. Legs long, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.75 mm.; width

0.75 mm.

Texas (Galveston).

The description of the antenne is drawn from a specimen which

is undoubtedly male, the other does not permit of identification

in regard to sex. ‘Two specimens.

This species almost exactly resembles schaumz in the form and

convexity of the clypeal tooth, but the antennz differ somewhat

in relative lengths of the joints, and the elytra are decidedly

shorter, relatively wider and more strongly impressed near the

suture.

7. C. schaumii Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 151 (Scyd-

mzenus); magister Lec.: Sm. Mise. Coll., 140, p. 21 (catalogue name).

Moderately stout, fusiform, polished, subimpunctate, brownish-

red, the elytra and legs pale and bright rufo-testaceous ; antennz

slightly darker ; pubescence long, moderately abundant, fulvous.

Head but slightly wider than long, semicircular behind the eyes,

the latter quite well developed, convex; base vertical, the neck

narrow; clypeal tooth strong, wide, obtusely rounded at tip and

with its upper surface convex. Antenne less than 4 as long as

the body, the club rather abrupt and parallel; second joint 2

longer than wide; third not longer than wide; fourth and sixth 4,

the fifth 2 longer than wide; seventh thicker, cylindric, 3 longer

than wide, rather shorter than the eighth, which is very little

elongate; ninth and tenth subequal, not longer than wide;

eleventh almost as long as the two preceding. Prothorax but

slightly longer than wide, the apex rather more than 4 as wide as

the base, the latter broadly arcuate and nearly 4 wider than the

head; surface perfectly even, not impressed. LElytra elongate,

404 Coleopterological Notices, VILLI.

fully 4 longer than wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax

and # wider, oval, widest slightly before the middle, the sides

evenly arcuate; humeral plica and subhumeral impression well

developed; subsutural impressions narrow and rather feeble, the

sutural bead very fine and feeble. Legs rather thick, moderate

in length; femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.75 mm.; width

0.65 mm. aay

Louisiana. This species may be recognized by the stout, blunt

and convex clypeal tooth, narrowish form, elongate elytra, pale

rufous and strongly clavate femora and antennal structure; the

type described appears to be a male, but I am not certain of this,

as the edeagus is entirely concealed.

Schaumz is of course not a preoccupied name in Connophron,

and, in Huconnus, schaumi Lucas, is considered by the authorities

of the most recent catalogue as a synonym of intrusus Schaum,

so the name appears to be perfectly valid for the present species,

and need not be replaced by magister as suggested by LeConte.

8. C. flawitarse Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152

(Seydmzenus).

Moderately stout, elongate-oval, polished and subimpunctate,

black, the elytra feebly rufescent except posteriorly ; legs rufo-

piceous, the femora blackish, the tarsi flavate; antennz rufo-

ferruginous ; pubescence long, abundant, fine and darkish on the

elytra. Head much wider than long, the eyes moderately de-

veloped ; clypeal tooth rather large, short, broadly triangular and

rather tumid. Antenne less than 4 as long as the body, the club

moderately abrupt and with its joints perceptibly increasing in

thickness ; second twice as long as wide and as long as the next

two; third, fourth and sixth equal and very slightly elongate ;

fifth a little longer, longer than wide; seventh only very pe

thicker, slightly longer than wide; eighth 2 thicker and 4 longer

than the seventh, a little longer tine wide, Brcidal. ; ninth ‘Thiblee

as long as wide; tenth rather wider than long; eleventh very

gradually and obliquely pointed. Prothorax conic, the surface

perfectly even, not longer than wide and at base scarcely more

than + wider than the head. Elytra nearly 4 longer than wide, a

little more than twice as long as the prothorax and about # 2 qatee

sides rather more strongly rounded at basal 2; iaineeal plica

strong, moderate in length, the subhumeral impression oniy

moderate in length; two basal fovez strong; subsutural impres-

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 405

sions rather feeble, the suture finely elevated toward base. Legs

rather long, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.75 mm.

width 0.75 mm.

Michigan (Detroit); originally described from New York.

The original description would equally satisfy a dozen species of

the genus, and I do not have the type before me at present. The

above outline is drawn from a female specimen communicated by

Mr. Schwarz, and is probably a true representative of flavitarse ;

at any rate it will produce less subsequent confusion to so con-

sider it, whether or not it agrees rigorously with the original and

virtually undescribed type of LeConte. The statement in the

original description that the elytra at the middle are “ fully 4

wider ” than the prothorax, is grossly erroneous for any species

of this group of the genus.

9. C. oreophilum n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished and impunctate,

dark piceo-rufous, the elytra throughout paler and brighter rufous; legs and

antenne still paler and more flavo-ferruginous; pubescence abundant, only

moderately long and rather coarse on the elytra, pale in color. Head well de-

veloped, slightly wider than long, semicircularly rounded behind the eyes,

which are small and not prominent; clypeal tooth rather well developed, con-

vex, parallel, the tip transversely truncate. <Antennx but little longer than

the head and prothorax, rather slender, the club abrupt but elongate, only

moderatly stout and nearly parallel; second joint but slightly shorter and

narrower than the first, very feebly obconic, barely as long as the next two and

%% longer than wide; three to six equal in width, cylindric, the seventh only

very slightly thicker; third quadrate; fourth only very slightly longer than

wide; fifth and sixth distinctly longer, the former 14, the latter 14, longer

than wide; seventh quadrate; eighth 45 wider and longer than the seventh,

nearly as Jong as wide, conic at apex from the middle, slightly narrower than

the ninth, the latter similar in form and size to the tenth and very slightly

wider than long; eleventh elongate-oval, the tip slightly oblique. Prothorax

strongly conic, the sides feebly arcuate, scarcely as long as wide; apex rather

more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter 1 wider than the head; surface

perfectly even throughout. E/ytra evenly elongate-oval, fully 14 longer than

wide, evidently more than twice as long as the prothorax and very nearly twice

as wide, widest slightly before the middle, the sides evenly arcuate; apex

not very acute; humeral plica elongate, oblique and pronounced, the sub-

humeral impression large and well developed; basal foveze distinct; subsutural

impressions subobsolete, the suture not at all elevated basally. Legs not very

long, the femora only moderately but subequally clavate. Length 1.4 mm.;

width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The type described above is a.male, but the female does not

406 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

differ perceptibly, and the only way in which the sexes in this

part of the genus can be mutually distinguished is by an exami-

nation of the cedeagus; its acute tip in the male can generally be

discovered by careful examination under sufficient optical en-

largement.

10. C. lomgicorne n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, dark castaneous,

the elytra slightly paler and rufescent throughout ; legs and antenne dark

rufous ; pubescence dark, rather long, abundant and bristling anteriorly,

longer, abundant and fine on the elytra. Head orbicular, moderately convex,

subimpunctate, about as long as wide, the sides broadly parabolic behind the

eyes, which are moderate in size and only slightly convex ; neck a little less

than 44 the maximum width ; base of occiput a little less than vertical and

rounded in profile. Antenne very long and slender, distinctly more than

1g as long as the body, the basal joint more than twice as long as wide,

cylindric, 14 thicker than the second, the latter 2'4 times as long as wide, not

quite as long as the next two and slightly thicker ; three to six equalin width

and slender, the seventh but slightly thicker, third 14, fourth 14, fifth %,

sixth 4¢, longer than wide ; seventh about twice as long as wide ; eighth feebly

obconic, fully 14 longer than wide and forming a gradual transition to the

. outer joints, the ninth slightly longer than wide ; tenth as long as wide, both

feebly obtrapezoidal ; eleventh gradually pointed, but slightly thicker, 7%

longer than wide and much shorter than the two preceding, not quite twice

as thick as the second. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, conic, the sides

feebly arcuate ; apex scarcely 14 as wideas the base, which is broadly arcuate;

disk evenly convex, not at all impressed, the base #4 wider than the head.

Elytra scarcely 46 longer than wide, % wider than the prothorax, widest at

basal 2¢, the sides arcuate ; apex narrowly rounded ; humeral plica obviously

elongate and distinct ; disk impunctate, scarcely at all impressed near the

suture, the latter perfectly devoid of subbasal bead ; two basal foves dis-

tinct, the subhumeral impression broad and distinct. Legs rather long,

the femora strongly clavate, the posterior less strongly but abruptly so, with

the clava occupying apical half. Length 1.7-1.9 mm.; width 0.75—0.8 mm.

Texas (Brownsville). Mr. Wickham.

The description applies to the two males before me, the single

example which may be supposed to be the female being smaller,

paler and more rufous in color, with the antennz very slightly

shorter and just visibly more strongly, but quite as gradually, in-

crassate toward tip. The abdomen is dark testaceous in nearly

apical half, and is rather thickly pubescent.

11. C. rubrum n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and impunctate, pale

rufous throughout ; legs, antennze and anterior parts scarcely darker than the

elytra ; abdomen pale, darker toward base ; pubescence long and abundant,

fine on-the elytra but mingled with the usual stiff bristles anteriorly-and pale

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 407

yellowish in color. Head only slightly wider than long, parabolic behind the

eyes, the latter moderate in size and rather convex and prominent ; occiput

scarcely vertical and obtuse in profile. Antennzx long and slender, gradually

incrassate toward tip, more than 44 as long as the body, the basal joint cylin-

dric, twice as long as wideand nearly as long as the next two ; second slightly

thicker than the third and 4¢ longer than wide ; three to six equal in thick-

ness, slender, cylindric ; seventh a little thicker ; third %, fourth 14, fifth 44,

sixth %, seventh %, longer than wide ; eighthslightly thicker, feebly obconic,

% longer than wide and distinctly longer than the seventh or ninth, the latter

subequal to the tenth, but little longer than wide ; eleventh elongate, grad-

ually pointed, nearly as long as the two preceding but not thicker. Prothoraxas

long as wide, conic, the sides feebly arcuate ; apex subtubulate, truncate and

4g as wide as the base, the latter broadly arcuate ; disk even and not in the

least impressed ; base scarcely 14 wider than the head. Llytra nearly 14 longer

than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and about %4 wider, ovoidal, widest

near basal third, gradually narrowed behind, the apex narrow but somewhat

obtuse ; disk feebly impressed near the suture toward base ; humeral plica

distinct and elongate ; subhumeral impression large and pronounced ; suture

not at all beaded. Abdomen pubescent. Legs moderately long, the femora

strongly clavate, the posterior less strongly so, with the club occupying apical

half. Length 1.65-1.8 mm. ; width 0.65-0.75 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

The description refers to three male examples, two other speci-

mens taken at the same time, which are undoubtedly the female,

being decidedly smaller in size, still paler and more ferruginous

in color and with the antenne scarcely 4 as long as the body, and

more strongly and less gradually incrassate through the last four

joints; the femora are equally strongly clavate.

This species is rather closely allied to longicorne, but may be

distinguished by the paler coloration, rather less elongate antenne,

and shorter, stouter and more rhombic form. |

12. C. dentiger n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and subimpunctate;

piceous-black, the entire elytra rather pale rufo-testaceous; legs and antennze

rufous throughout; pubescence moderate in length and abundance, rather pale

on the elytra. Head relatively large, slightly wider than long, semicircularly

rounded behind the eyes, which are moderately developed and not noticeably

prominent; pubescence coarse, abundant and flavate; cly peal tooth long and very

conspicuous, parallel, convex, obtuse atapex. Antennx rather short and stout,

% as long as the body, the club decidedly abrupt but with its joints increas-

ing in width; second subcylindric, almost as thick as the first and much

thicker than the third, #4 longer than wide, as long as the next two; three to

seven almost exactly equal and about as long as wide, the fifth rather more;

eighth 44 wider than the seventh and 14 longer, oval, not quite as long as

wide; ninth similar to the ei hth but a little larger, the tenth distinetly wider

408 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

than long; eleventh much shorter than the two preceding, the apex only very

slightly oblique. Prothorax not quite as long as wide; strongly conic, the

sides almost straight; apex fully 44 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely

more than 14 wider than the head; surface perfectly even. Elytra % longer

than wide, much more than twice as long as the prothorax and nearly twice as

wide, the sides rather more strongly arcuate just before the middle; apex

rather narrowly rounded; humeral plica strong and somewhat elongate, the

subhumeral impression conspicuous; basal foveze moderate; subsutural impres-

sions almost obsolete, the suture not at all elevated toward base. Legs rather

short, the anterior and middle femora strongly clavate, the posterior moder-

ately. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Towa.

Dentiger may be known among its allies of the present group by

its small size, relatively very large clypeal tooth, small prothorax

and slightly transverse outer joints of the antennze. The sex of

the single specimen before me is not determinable, and in this

example the pubescence is almost entirely rubbed from the elytra.

13. C. extricatum n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished and impunctate,

the head piceous-black; pronotum black, paler at the apical margin, the elytra

dark rufo-testaceous throughout; legs pale reddish throughout, the antennz

dark rufo-testaceous; pubescence long and moderately abundant, rather pale

in color. Head somewhat large, semicircular behind the eyes, which are

moderately developed and not very convex, slightly wider than long ; clypeal

tooth large and strongly developed, slightly reflexed, rounded at tip. Antennz

short, barely as long as the head and prothorax, the club very stout but not

abrupt; second joint obconic, 34 longer than wide, wider than the following;

three to six equal in width, cylindric; third and fourth equal and distinctly

wider than long; fifth and sixth equal and distinctly longer, fully as jong as

wide; seventh 14 thicker, cylindric, 13 wider than long; eighth 14 thicker

than the seventh and 14 wider than long; ninth 75 thicker than the eighth,

transverse; tenth still slightly thicker and strongly transverse; eleventh stout,

obliquely pointed. Prothorax conic, as long as wide, the sides noticeably arcu-

ate; apex more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head;

surface perfectly even throughout. lytra rather short, 7, longer than wide;

obliquely and rather acutely pointed behind from before the middle, not

quite twice as long as the prothorax and %% wider; sides arcuate; humeral

plica large and moderately strong, the subhumeral impression large, elongate

and conspicuous; outer fovea very feeble, the inner strong; subsutural im-

pressions rather strong, elongate, the suture finely beaded basally. Legs mod-

erately developed, the four posterior femora quite moderately clavate, the an-

terior strongly. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Florida.

This is the smallest species of the present section of the genus,

and may be readily known by the stout and strongly transverse

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 409

penultimate joints of the antenne. The unique type is probably

a female.

14. C. ludificams n. sp.—Elongate-oval, very convex, highly polished

and impunctate, black throughout, the elytra not in the least rufescent, the

legs black ; tibiz scarcely piceous, the tarsi flavescent ; antenne brown; pubes-

cence long, abundant and dark cinereous. Head distinctly wider than long,

transversely oval, subcircular behind, the eyes moderate and but slightly con-

vex ; clypeal tooth moderate in size, broad and rounded. Antenne much less

than 44 as long as the body, the club abrupt, moderately thick and almost

parallel ; second joint about twice as long as wide and equal to the next two,

the latter equal and only very slightly longer than wide ; fifth and sixth

subequal and nearly 1g longer than wide; seventh much more elongate and

scarcely visibly thicker, cylindric, 7 longer than wide ; eighth not distinctly

longer than the seventh but 15 thicker, oval, fully as long as wide, almost

similar to the ninth and tenth ; eleventh obliquely pointed, much shorter than

the two preceding combined. Prothorax rather small, scarcely as long as wide,

strongly conic, the sides slightly arcuate, becoming feebly sinuate near the

apex, the latter rather more than 14 as wide as the base, which is scarcely 1g

wider than the head ; surface perfectly even. lytra elongate, gradually and

acutely pointed behind, fully 44 longer than wide, much more than twice

as long as the prothorax and very nearly twice as wide, the sides more

strongly arcuate behind basal third ; humeral plica and adjacent impres-

sion very short, feeble and inconspicuous ; two basal foveze approximate, deep

and distinct ; subsutural impressions almost completely obsolete, the suture

perfectly devoid of raised margin toward base. Legs rather long, the anterior

femora strongly, intermediate moderately and posterior feebly, clavate. Length

1.65 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Towa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The male type of this species differs from femorale in its larger

size, much feebler elytral impressions, relatively smaller pro-

thorax, larger clypeal tooth and in the absence of any sexual

modification of the anterior femora, these being as usual sparsely

clothed with decumbent hairs, becoming gradually subglabrous

toward base on the upper surface.

In this specimen the cedeagus is fully exposed, and the chitinous

copulatory organ appears to be of the usual type; it is wide,

nearly flat, rapidly narrowed in ogive toward apex, the latter pro-

duced in a short acute and thickened spicule; at each side there

is an acute denticle bearing a long double seta; on the under

surface toward base there is a thick and oval plate, attached

basally, with its edges thin and explanate ; the efferent duct prob-

ably protrudes between these plates. In some species it may be

noted that the acute apical spicule becomes wider, and sometimes

transversely truncate at tip.

410 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

15. C. gaudens n. sp.—Black, highly polished and subimpunctate, the

elytra faintly rufo-piceous and sometimes pale rufo-testaceous throughout from

immaturity ; legs piceous, the femora blackish, the tarsi pale ; antennz dark

rufous ; pubescence moderately abundant, long, fine and dark on the elytra.

Head distinctly wider than long, semicircularly rounded behind the eyes,

which are moderately small and but slightly prominent ; clypeal tooth strong,

elongate and rather narrow. Antennz scarcely 1 as long as the body, the club

rather abrupt but with its joints distinctly increasing in thickness and strongly

beaded at base ; second nearly twice as long as wide, as long as the next two

and slightly thicker, cylindro-obconic ; third, fourth and sixth equal and

slightly longer than wide ; fifth a little longer, 14 longer than wide ; seventh

very slightly thicker than the preceding joints, cylindric, 14 longer than wide ;

eighth 1g thicker and distinctly longer than the seventh, ovoidal, rather

longer than wide, as long as the ninth but a little narrower ; tenth scarcely as

long as wide. Prothorax conic, not longer than wide, the apex rather more

than 14 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head ; sides very

feebly arcuate ; surface convex and perfectly even. lytra oval, fully 44 longer

than wide, rather more than twice as long as the prothorax and %4 wider, the

sides almost evenly arcuate ; apex evenly and not very narrowly rounded ;

humeral plica very small, feeble and basal, the subhumeral impression very

short and feeble, apparently feebly bifoveate at base, the other fovea distinct ;

subsutural impressions wholly obsolete, the suture even and not at all elevated

or beaded. Legs moderately developed, the femora all rather strongly clavate.

Length 1.4-1.7 mm. ; width 0.6-0.7 mm.

Canada (Ottawa). Mr. W. H. Harrington.

The antennal and other characters detailed above are taken

from the male, the female being quite similar but with the an-

tennz somewhat shorter, the third and fourth joints quadrate.

This species somewhat resembles fussiger in size and form, but

may be known by the feeble subhumeral impression of the elytra

and long clypeal tooth. It is represented before me by numerous

Specimens.

16. C. migripenne n. sp.—Somewhat narrowly oval, highly polished

and impunctate, dark red-brown, the elytra black becoming indefinitely pale

at apex ; legs and antennz rufous throughout ; pubescence long and abundant,

pale in color, rather coarse on the elytra. Head orbicular, but slightly wider

than long, semicircular behind the eyes, which are small and but slightly

prominent ; clypeal tooth well developed, subtriangular, narrowly truncate at

tip. Antenne about 14 as long as the body, the club somewhat abrupt, with

its joints increasing in thickness ; basal joint cylindric, more than twice as

long as wide ; second obconic, 34 longer than wide, thicker than the following

joints ; three to six equal in thickness, cylindric ; third not quite as long as

wide ; fourth and sixth subequal and slightly elongate , fifth still longer, 14

longer than wide ; seventh nearly 1g thicker than the sixth and a little longer

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 411

but not longer than wide ; eighth nearly 14 thicker than the seventh, slightly

wider than long; ninth similar to the eighth in form but larger ; tenth

slightly wider and fully 1g wider than long; eleventh stout, obliquely

pointed. Prothorax well developed, rather longer than wide, conic, the sides

distinctly arcuate ; apex fully 14 as wide as the base, the latter 1, wider than

the head ; surface even or with a slight flattening along the median line

toward base. Elytra evenly oval, fully 14 longer than wide, barely twice as

long as the prothorax and not more than 44 wider, the sides evenly arcuate ;

apex rather acute ; humeral plica very feeble and basal, the subhumeral im-

pression almost wholly obsolete ; two basal foveze distinct ; subsutural impres-

sions rather strong, especially near the base and quite oblique ; suture feebly

elevated toward base. Legs well developed, the femora all strongly clavate.

Length 1.65 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Iowa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The single type before me is of undeterminable sex. This

species is very distinct in coloration, and may be known besides

by its narrow form, nearly obsolete humeral plica and impression,

but distinct sutural impressions, and by the subtransverse pen-

ultimate joint of the antenne.

17. C. fossiger Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152 (Seyd-

mezenus).

Moderately stout, polished and impunctate, black, the elytra

red but blackish toward tip; legs and antenne rufous, the femora

blackish; abdomen faintly paler at tip; pubescence moderately

long and rather abundant, somewhat pale in color on the elytra.

Head decidedly wider than long, broadly rounded behind the

eyes, which are rather small but convex and somewhat prominent ;

clypeal tooth very small, triangular. Antennz about 4 as long

as the body, the club abrupt, with its joints increasing feebly in

thickness; second slightly thicker than three to six, cylindric,

2 longer than wide; three i, four i, five nearly } and six 4, longer

than wide; seven but very slightly thicker, cylindric, 2 longer

than wide; eighth a little longer than wide, as long as the tenth

and a little narrower; tenth as long as wide. Prothorax rather

longer than wide; apex somewhat more than 4 as wide as the base,

the latter 4 wider than the head; surface perfectly even through-

out. Hlytra 4 longer than wide, ? wider than the prothorax, the

sides evenly arcuate; apex not very narrowly rounded; humeral

plica and subhumeral impression: pronounced ; foveze small; sub-

sutural impressions almost completely obsolete. Legs well de-

veloped, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.65 mm.;

width 0.65-0.7 mm.

412 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York (Long Island), North

Carolina (Asheville), Iowa (Iowa City) and Colorado. A com-

mon species, to be readily known by the black color, with ruby

elytra becoming blackish toward tip, subobsolete sutural but

well developed subhumeral impressions of the elytra and small

clypeal tooth. The description is taken from the male; in the

female the form is a trifle stouter,and the antenne are a little

shorter, the third joint being exactly quadrate, the fourth a little

longer than wide, fifth a third longer. The antenne are fre-

quently dusky, with the last joint paler.

18. C. novellum n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, impunctate, black-

ish-piceous, the elytra dark red throughout; antennze dark brownish-red, the

legs paler; vestiture Jong and abundant, erect, even and rather pale on the

elytra. Head well developed, distinctly wider than long, subcircularly

rounded behind the eyes, which are moderately large and quite convex; anten-

nal tubercles scarcely visible, the front very obsoletely impressed; clypeus well

developed, even, rectilinearly transverse at apex and with a very minute but

acute and somewhat reflexed marginal tooth. Antennx slender, about 14 as

long as the body, the club slender and quite gradual in formation; second

joint subcylindric, nearly 34 longer than wide, as long as the next two and

much thicker; three to six very nearly equal among themselves, cylindric or

just visibly obconic and about 14 longer than wide; seventh very slightly

wider, cylindric, 15 longer than wide; eighth 1, wider than the seventh,

rounded at apex, fully as long as wide or a little longer; ninth nearly 4s wider.

than the eighth, about as long as wide; tenth equal in width to the ninth,

distinctly wider than long; eleventh scarcely visibly thicker, long, acutely and

obliquely pointed, distinctly shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax conic,

about as long as wide, the sides very feebly arcuate; apex rather more than 14

as wide as the base, the latter nearly 1g wider than the head; surface per-

fectly even. Elytra 7, longer than wide; fully twice as long as the prothorax

and nearly +5 wider, each somewhat narrowly rounded at apex, widest before

the middle, with the sides evenly arcuate; humeral plica long and strong, the

subhumeral impression large and pronounced; inner fovea distinct, the outer

feeble; subsutural impressions large, oblique, strong and coalescent, the suture

very finely and indistinctly beaded and only at the base. Legs well developed;

four posterior femora rather feebly, the anterior more strongly, clavate.

Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Mississippi (Starkville). Mr. H. E. Weed.

This species is quite isolated, even when compared with its im-

mediate neighbors, because of its small size and short ventriculate

hind body. It is allied more closely to brevicorne than any other

species, differing strongly, however, in its long and pronounced

humeral plica and attendant impression. The three specimens

before me do not exhibit marked sexual peculiarities.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 413

19. C. brevicorme Say—Narrative Long’s Exped., Phila., 1824, vol. 2,

p. 273 (Scydmeenus).

Rather narrow, polished and impunctate, black, the elytra dark

ruby-red, becoming black on the flanks and toward tip; legs and

antenne dark rufous; the femora blackish ; pubescence long and

rather abundant, darkish in color. Head distinctly wider than

long, the eyes not very well developed and but moderately con-

vex; clypeal tooth minute and triangular. Antenne rather thick,

not longer than the head and prothorax, the club abrupt, rather

thick and with its joints gradually increasing in width; second

joint slightly obconic, nearly twice as long as wide, as long as the

next two together and distinctly thicker ; third, fourth and sixth

subequal and scarcely at all longer than wide; fifth very slightly

elongate; seventh but little thicker, cylindric, as wide as long;

eighth + wider than the seventh and not quite as long as wide;

ninth and tenth progressively slightly wider and quite distinctly

shorter than wide; eleventh still thicker, obliquely pointed, not

as long as the two preceding. Prothorax conic, the sides notice-

ably arcuate, not longer than wide; apex barely 4 as wide as the

base, the latter 2 wider than the head; surface convex and per-

fectly even. Elytra rather less than 4 longer than wide, twice as

long as the prothorax and # wider, the sides evenly arcuate; apex

narrowly obtuse; humeral piica somewhat short but strong, the

impression correspondingly abbreviated but rather distinct ; foveze

small; subsutural impressions distinct, the suture very finely and

faintly elevated near the base. Legs rather short and with some-

what conspicuous pubescence, the femora moderately strongly

clavate, the intermediate and posterior equally strongly. Length

1.4 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Pennsylvania (probably near Philadelphia). Closely allied to

fossiger in general form, coloration and in the minute clypeal

tooth, but differing in its smaller size, narrower form, stouter and

more abbreviated antennze and stronger subsutural impressions.

Three specimens of indeterminate sex are before me.

_ There can be but little doubt that Say had before him this

species in describing brevicorne. The species identified under

that name by LeConte is however a widely different thing, not

agreeing at all with Say’s description, either in coloration of

the body or nature of the pubescence ; if will be described subse-

quently under the name clavicorne. Say states that brevicorne

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., IX, April, 1897.—28.

414 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

resembles clavipes, but has the antennz much shorter and stouter.

Although the antennz in the present species are not remarkably

short or stout when compared with other members of Connophron,

they evidently are when compared with Euconnus clavipes, where

these organs are remarkably long and slender.

20. C. tenebrosum n. sp.—Rather stout, black, the elytra faintly rufo-

picescent; legs blackish, the tarsi paler; antennze dark rufous, paler distally;

pubescence moderately sparse, very long and somewhat pale on the elytra; in-

teguments highly polished and impunctate. Head oval, distinctly wider than

long, arcuately rounded behind the eyes, the latter rather small and but

slightly prominent; neck about 44 of the maximum width; clypeal tooth very

minute, truncate at apex. Antenne a little less than 14 as long as the body,

rather gradually and moderately incrassate distally, the club not abrupt, its

joints increasing in thickness to a slight degree; second joint cylindric, twice

as long as wide and as long as the next two, which are subequal and only

slightly longer than wide; fifth *¢, sixth 14, longer than wide; seventh only

very slightly thicker than the sixth, perfectly cylindric, 4 longer than wide;

eighth thicker, obconic, with the apex conoidal, rather longer than wide, a

little narrower and longer than the ninth; tenth about as long as wide, the

apex conic; eleventh well developed, obliquely pointed. Prothorax scarcely

longer than wide, conic, the sides nearly straight; apex rather more than 14 as

wide as the base, the latter nearly 14 wider than the head; surface perfectly

even, without trace of impression. Llytra not quite 144 longer than wide,

twice as long as the prothorax and nearly +4 wider, oval, the sides evenly

arcuate; apex rather narrowly obtuse; humeral plica and subhumeral impres-

sion both long and pronounced; two basal foveze small but deep and subper-

forate; subsutural impressions distinct, the suture strongly beaded basally.

Legs well developed, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.65mm.; width

0.65 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck); Massachusetts.

The type isa male, as shown by the exposed tip of the cedeagus,

which is a little more broadly obtuse than usual. This species

resembles fossiger and femorale in its very minute clypeal tooth,

but differs from the former in its entirely black color, strong sub-

sutural impressions with strongly beaded suture, and in antennal

structure, and, from the latter, in its simple anterior femora of the

male, stouter form and other characters.

21. C. femorale n. sp.—Elongate-oval, polished and subimpunciate,

black throughout with a piceous tinge, the legs dark rufo-piceous, the an-

tennz rufous ; pubescence long and abundant, rather dark in color. Head

oval, nearly 1g wider than long, subcircularly rounded behind the eyes, which

are moderate in size and convexity ; clypeal tooth extremely minute and in-

conspicuous. Antenne slender, rather more than 14 as long as the body, the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 415

club not very abrupt and with its joints increasing gradually in thickness ;

second twice as long as wide, cylindric, very nearly as long as the next two and

but slightly thicker ; third 1s, fourth 7£, fifth 14, sixth 1g, longer than wide ;

seventh but slightly thicker, cylindric, nearly 14 longer than wide ; eighth de-

cidedly thicker, oval, narrowed toward base and distinctly longer than wide,

rather longer than the ninth, which is fully as long as wide; tenth a little

wider than long; eleventh almost as long as the two preceding, obliquely

pointed. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide, conic, the sides very feebly

arcuate ; apex fully 14 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head ;

surface even. Elytra 144 longer than wide, more than twice as long as the pro-

thorax and 34 wider, oval, widest before the middle, rather narrowly rounded

at apex, the sides somewhat more strongly arcuate near basal ?¢ ; humeral

plica and subhumeral impression long and pronounced ; fovez small but deep ;

ssubsutural impressions feeble but distinct, the suture finely elevated basally.

Abdomen sparsely clothed with rather long hairs. Legs well developed, the

femora all strongly clavate but unequally so as usual. Length 1.4-1.5 mm. ;

width 0.6 mm.

Iowa (Iowa City); Michigan—Mr. J. Croissandeau.

The type described is a male,and in this sex the anterior

femora are very strongly swollen, with their anterior side glabrous

in basal half, asperately and sparsely punctate about the middle

of the length, the asperities bearing short hairs,and thence clothed

with the usual long sparse hair to the apex. The female is slightly

shorter and stouter, with the antenne a little less elongate, and

with the club more abrupt but not stouter, the basal joint, espe-

cially, shorter, the second fully twice as long as wide, the third

only a little longer than wide, the eighth not at all elongate.

This species resembles fossiger, especially when the elytra be-

come slightly rufescent from immaturity, but it may be known at

‘once by the sexual characters of the male, and by the still more

minute clypeal tooth. Numerous specimens.

22. C. procerum nt. sp.—Narrowly fusiform, polished and impunctate,

uniform dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous;

pubescence long, moderately abundant, pale yellowish in color, rather coarse

-on the elytra. Head well developed, nearly as long as wide, subcireular or

slightly parabolic behind, the eyes moderate in size, not very convex ; clypeal

tooth very minute, swollen, obtusely rounded. Antennz nearly 1% as long as

the body, stout, the club slightly abrupt and with its joints increasing just vis-

ibly in width ; second joint *< as long as the first, and, at apex, nearly as thick,

‘strongly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two; three to six

distinctly narrower than the apex of the second and cylindric, the third dis-

tinctly shorter than wide; four and five fully as long as wide; six a little shorter,

‘searcely as long as wide ; seventh 4 thicker and a little longer than the sixth,

scarcely as long as wide ; eighth fully 14 thicker than the seventh, not as long

416 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

as wide ; ninth similar to the eighth but a little larger ; tenth distinctly wider

than long, the eleventh stout, obliquely pointed. Prothorax conic, the sides.

arcuate, rather longer than wide, the apex more than 44 as wide as the base,

the latter 14 wider than the head ; surface perfectly even. Elytra elongate-

oval, Pedcaty and obliquely sanniedl behind, 44 longer than wide, barely

twice as long as the prothorax and 14 wider, narrowed but little from before the

middle to the humeri, the humeral plica very feeble ; subhumeral impression

almost completely obsolete ; foveze feeble ; subsutural impressions very feeble

and near the base, the suture finely elevated basally. Legs rather long, the

thighs moderately strongly clavate, the posterior still less so. Length 1.45.

mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Florida (Lake Monroe).

The single specimen before me is of undetermined sex, but the

species will be readily identified by its narrow form, feeble humeral

modifications of the elytra, uniform pale coloration, minute clypeal

tooth and other characters as mentioned above.

23. C. elongatum n. sp.—Elongate and fusiform, polished and subim-

punctate, pale rufo-testaceous, the elytral suture finely blackish ; legs and an-

tenn paler, rufo-ferruginous ; pubescence long, moderately abundant, pale in

color and rather coarse on the elytra. Head rather small, slightly wider than:

long, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are small and only slightly promi-

nent ; clypeal tooth rather well developed, elongate and narrow. Antennx

about 14 as long as the body, the club not very abrupt, the three outer joints

parallel ; second feebly obconic, 34 longer than wide, subequal to the next

two but slightly thicker ; third and fourth subedeal and about as long as-

wide ; fifth and sixth ver nearly equal and about 44 longer than wide ; sev-

enth aul slightly thicker than the sixth, cylindric, with the sides feebly

arcuate, 1g longer than wide; eighth oval, % thicker than the seventh and.

scarcely longer, exactly intermediate in width between the seventh and ninth,

the latter equalin length to the eighth but distinctly thicker, as long as wide,

similar to the tenth; eleventh not thicker, elongate,feebly and obliquely pointed..

Prothorax conic, the sides arcuate, not longer than wide, the apex 144 as wide

as the base, the latter 1 wider than the head ; surface with a coarse, trans-

verse and feeble i SA near the basal ene. Elytra barely 14 longer

than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and about % wider, obliquely

rounded and rather acute posteriorly, widest near basal third ; humeral plica.

small but elongate and strong, the subhumeral impression distinct but not.

very large ; outer basal fovea feeble, the inner much larger and strong ; sub-

-sutural impressions feeble, the suture beaded toward base. Legs rather long,

the four anterior femora moderately, the posterior less strongly, clavate.

Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Florida. |

_ The unique type is a male, with the apex of the produced por-

tion of the copulatory spicule rather broadly truncate. In this-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 41T

example the surface of the abdomen through the first four seg-

ments is clothed with long and erect hairs, and the fifth segment

is notably large and convex.

This species is distinct by reason of its form, color and trans-

versely impressed pronotum, which latter character is very unusual

in this portion of the genus, although common among the allies

of capillosulum.

24. C. clavicorne n. sp.—Scyd. brevicornis Lec. nec Say.: Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 153.—Rather stout, suboval, polished and subim-

punctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout; legs and antennz concolorous;

pubescence very abundant, coarse, pale and conspicuous, densely bristling on

the head and prothorax, rather short and subdecumbent on the elytra. Head

moderate in size, semicircular behind the eyes, which are somewhat small and

scarcely at all prominent; clypeal tooth well developed, elongate and slender.

Antenne stout, rather shorter than the head and prothorax, strongly clavate,

the club gradual in formation; second joint slightly obconic, 14 longer than *

wide and as long as the next two; three to six equal in width and slightly

narrower; third and sixth distinctly, fourth slightly, wider than long; fifth

almost as long as wide; six to nine increasing evenly and rapidly in width;

seventh 14, eighth %¢, ninth and tenth fully 15, wider than long, the last two

subequal; eleventh not thicker, conoidal, rapidly pointed, the apex not dis-

tinctly oblique. Prothorax conic, the sides nearly straight, not quite as long

as wide; apex rather more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter about 1g

wider than the head; surface perfectly even. lytra stout, oval, widest near

the middle, obtusely rounded behind, 14 longer than wide, twice as long as

the prothorax and 45 wider, the sides almost evenly arcuate; humeral plica

short but distinct, oblique, the subhumeral impression short and moderately

distinct; outer fovea strong; subsutural impressions almost obsolete, the suture

at most very minutely beaded toward base. Legs rather well developed, the

femora strongly clavate, the posterior slightly less strongly so than the others.

Length 1.35-1.55 mm.; width 0.55-0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania and New York to Iowa (Iowa City).

The description is drawn from the female, but the male differs

but slightly, being a little smaller and darker in color, the elytra

uniform dark piceous-brown and with longer sparse erect sete

more evidently interspersed among the coarse recurved hairs;

the antennal differences seem to be very slight.

This species is said by LeConte to inhabit the nests of a small

black ant, but I have seen it associated also with a large brown

ant; it is probably not truly myrmecophilous, but associates itself

occasionally with ants of various species, as in the case of a very

jarge number of Coleoptera of widely diverse families.

In describing Scydmenus brevicornis, Say states that the elytra

418 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

are bright rufous, blackish at tip, and with long hairs, which

characters are quite foreign to the present species.

25. C. abducens n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, polished and impunctate,

pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz still paler and more

ferruginous; pubescence rather abundant, pale in color, coarse, stiff and re-

curved on theelytra. Head moderate in size, subparabolically rounded behind

the eyes, which are rather small; clypeal tooth somewhat well developed,

rounded at tip. Antenne short and stout, about as long as the head and pro-

thorax, the club very stout and almost 3-jointed; second joint obconic, only

slightly shorter than the first, about 14 longer than wide, as long as the next:

two and decidedly thicker; three to six equal in width, subequal among them-

selves and not as long as wide; seventh only just visibly thicker and nearly 14

wider than long; eighth about 1s thicker than the seventh and nearly 1g wider’

than long; ninth and tenth abruptly much wider than the eighth, subequal

and strongly transverse; eleventh stout and somewhat obliquely pointed.

Prothorax rather small and strongly conic, the sides feebly arcuate, not quite:

as long as wide; apex narrow, 44 as wide as the base, the latter 1g wider than

the head; surface perfectly even. lytra rather short, 7, longer than wide,

somewhat rapidly narrowed and acutely rounded behind, distinctly more than

twice as long as the prothorax and about 34 wider; sides rather strongly arcu-

ate before the middle; humeral plica, subhumeral and subsutural impressions-

almost obsolete, the basal foveze small, subequal. Legs rather short but not.

stout, the femora subequally and only moderately clavate. Length 1.2 mm.;

width 0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania (locality unknown).

A small species, which may be known by its pale coloration,

small and strongly conical prothorax, stiff and recurved pubes-

cence, and very stout antennal club, which is a transition toward

the purely 3-jointed form, and conclusive evidence that the pos-

session of three or four joints in the club is not even of subgeneric

importance; the group of four species here separated on that.

ground is, in fact, scarcely natural, and should rather be consid-

ered a taxonomic convenience than otherwise. In the present

species the eighth joint is intermediate in width between the

seventh and ninth, although the steps on both sides are great

and abrupt.

26. C. Luteipes no. sp.—Rather ventricose, highly polished and impunc-

tate, uniform piceous-black throughout, the legs and antenne pale flavo-testa-

ceous; pubescence rather abundant, uniform, coarse and recurved on the elytra,

pale in color. Head moderate in size, quite distinctly wider than long, circu-

larly rounded behind, the eyes small and but slightly convex; clypeal tooth

distinct, slender, gradually and finely pointed and aciculate. Antennzx quite

distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, rather slender, the club gradual

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 419

in formation; second joint obconic, 14 longer than wide, barely as long as the

next two but thicker; three to six cylindric, almost exactly equal among them-

selves and barely as long as wide; seventh 44 thicker, distinctly wider than

long; eighth 14 thicker than the seventh, 14 wider than long; ninth 1 thicker

than the eighth and fully 14 wider than long; tenth but little thicker than the

ninth, 7 wider than long, the eleventh stout, ogival at tip and not percepti-

bly oblique. Prothoraxr rather small, rapidly conic, not quite as long as wide,

the sides feebly arcuate; apex 1g as wide as the base, the latter fully 2s wider

than the head; surface perfectly even and convex throughout. E/ytra oval,

gradually and rather acutely pointed behind, *, longer than wide, more than

twice as long as the prothorax and +5 wider, widest at about basal third, the

sides broadly and evenly arcuate; humeral plica distinct, gradually evanes-

cent at some distance from the base, the subhumeral irapression somewhat

narrow but long and distinct; fovez distinct but small; suture not at all ele-

vated, the impressions wholly obsolete. Legs not very long, the femora only

moderately but subequally clavate. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

Readily indentiafible in the small group to which it is assigned,

by the somewhat ventricose elytra, uniform black or piceous-black

color, with pale legs, slender and sharply pointed clypeal tooth

and other characters. The sex of the types cannot be discovered

without dissection.

27. C. leetulum n. sp.—Narrow and elongate-oval, highly polished and

impunctate, piceous-black, the elytra scarcely visibly rufescent; legs and an-

tennz pale rufo-ferruginous throughout; pubescence rather abundant, pale in

color, coarse and recurved on the elytra, where it is intermingled with sparse

erect tactile sete. Head rather large, slightly wider than long, subcircularly

rounded behind, the eyes small and not prominent; clypeal tooth well devel-

oped, narrow and elongate. Antenne about 14 as long as the body, not very

stout, the club rather abrupt, its joints increasing just visibly in width; second

joint very feebly obconic, rather more than 14 longer than wide, thicker and

somewhat longer than the next two; three to six equal in thickness; third,

fourth and sixth equal and quite distinctly wider than long; fifth as long as

wide; seventh 14 wider than the sixth and 4 wider than long; eighth %

thicker than the seventh, 1g wider than long, narrowed toward apex and

widest at the middle; ninth and tenth slightly wider than the eighth and

about 1, wider than long, eleventh somewhat stouter, obliquely pointed.

Prothorax about as long as wide, feebly conic, the sides slightly arcuate; apex

24 as wide as the base, the latter barely 1, wider than the head; surface per-

fectly even. Elytra narrowly oval, gradually and obtusely pointed behind,

widest only slightly before the middle, 14 longer than wide, rather more than

twice as long as the prothorax and 23 wider; sides almost evenly arcuate;

humeral plica very short and basal, not very distinct, the subhumeral impres-

sion extremely feeble; foveze distinct, the outer large and transverse; subsutural

‘impressions obsolete, the suture not beaded basally. Legs rather long, the

420 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

middle and posterior femora moderately, the anterior more strongly, clavate.

Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

New York (Hudson River Val.). Mr. H. H. Smith.

A small but distinct species, which may be easily identified by

its uniformly blackish color with pale legs, narrow form of body,

somewhat short and recurved pubescence of the elytra and com-

paratively large head. The single specimen before me is not ab-

solutely identifiable as to sex, but is apparently a male.

28. C. furtivum n. sp.—Narrowly and almost evenly elongate-oval, pol-

ished and impunctate, uniform pale yellowish-testaceous throughout, the legs

and antennze concolorous; pubescence rather abundant, pale in color, moderate

in length, coarse inclined and posteriorly recurved on the elytra. Head mod-

erate in size, nearly as long as wide, semicircular behind the eyes, which are

small and but slightly prominent; clypeal tooth strongly developed, parallel,

broadly rounded at tip. Antennx fully 4g as long as the body, slender, the

club long, slender and feebly differentiated, its joints increasing perceptibly in

width throughout; second feebly obconic, very nearly as long as the first, 34

longer than wide, as long as the next two and but. slightly thicker; three to

six equal in thickness and eS three and four equal and as long as wide;

five and six equal and about 4 longer than wide; seventh slightly thicker eh

as long as wide; eighth 7 thicker than the sera, subconic at apex and fully

as long as wide; eight to eleven increasing uniformly in thickness, nine and

ten similar to eight in form, as long as wide; eleven an elongate ogive in form,

scarcely oblique at apex. Prothorax feebly conic, the sides slightly arcuate,

not quite as long as wide; apex about 3¢ as wide as the base, the latter nearly

+g wider than the head; surface perfectly even. lytra evenly elongate-oval,

fully 44 longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax

and 46 wider, the sides very evenly arcuate; apex narrowly obtuse; humeral

plica and subhumeral impression rather short and feeble; basal fovez distinct;

subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture not beaded. Legs well developed;

four posterior femora very moderately claret the anterior rather strongly.

Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Northern Illinois. Mr. F. M. Webster.

The sex of the single type before me is not clearly determin-

able without dissection. The species may be known at once

among its few allies with coarse recurved elytral pubescence, by

its elongate and slender antennz; its pale coloration may possi-

bly be in part due to immaturity.

Only the three last of the six following species really form a

natural group, the three first, which belong structurally with

furtivum and the preceding species, being associated solely

on account of their very small size for convenience in identifica-

tion.

——_ =

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 421

29. C. comptum n. sp.—Moderately stout, highly polished and subim-

punctate, pale brownish-testaceous and unicolorous throughout, the legs and

antenne concolorous; pubescence somewhat abundant, coarse, pale in color,

rather short and recurved on the elytra. Head. moderate in size, slightly

wider than long, subcircular behind the eyes, which are rather distinct and

noticeably convex; clypeal tooth small but very obvious, obtusely rounded

andtumid. Antennz slender, evidently longer than the head and prothorax,

the club only moderately thick, gradual in formation; second joint only

slightly shorter, though distinctly narrower, than the first, feebly obconic,

rather longer than the next two and fully 14 longer than wide; three to six

almost exactly equal among themselves, cylindric and 1% wider than long;

seventh scarcely 14 wider, about 14 wider than long, cylindric; eighth nearly

1 wider than the seventh, 14 wider than long, rounded in apical third; ninth

4 wider than the eighth, only 14 wider than long; tenth slightly wider than

the ninth and much more transverse, 2g wider than long; eleventh oval, much

shorter than the two preceding and rather thicker, very obtusely ogival at

apex and slightly oblique. Prothorax conic, the sides very feebly arcuate, nearly

as long as wide; apex perceptibly more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter

nearly % wider than the head; surface perfectly even throughout. Elytra

ample, more than 7 longer than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax

and #6 wider, somewhat acutely rounded behind, widest and with the sides

broadly and evenly arcuate well before the middle; humeral plica and attend-

ant impression small and rather feeble; foveze distinct; subsutural impressions

almost obsolete, the suture not beaded toward base. Legs moderate, the

femora distinctly clavate, the posterior more feebly. Length 1.05-1.1 mm.;

width 0.45-0.5 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

Sexual characters cannot be detected in the specimens at hand

and are probably very slight. The species can only be confounded

with humile and pallidum, but may be known from both by the

relatively larger and longer elytra and less strongly clavate an-

tenn, and, from the latter, also by its decidedly larger size.

30. C. humaile n. sp.—Subrhomboidal, not very stout, polished, the

elytra sparsely subpunctulate, bright rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and

antennz paler but brownish; pubescence abundant, coarse, pale in color, rather

short and recurved on the elytra. Head moderate in size, slightly wider than

Jong, convex, semicircularly rounded behind, the eyes rather small and only

Slightly convex; clypeal. tooth small, broadly triangular, the clypeus carinu-

date along the middle from base to the apex of the tooth. Antennz stout, not

longer than the head and prothorax, the club strong but not abrupt; second

joint as thick as the first but shorter, obconic, 1, longer than wide, much

thicker than three to six, which are cylindric and almost exactly equal among

themselves, 144 wider than long and compactly joined; seventh scarcely 14

wider, 14 wider than long; eighth 15 wider than the seventh, abruptly nar-

rowed only at the extreme apex and 1g wider than long; joints eight to ten

429 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

increasing uniformly in width, almost similar in form; ninth 14, tenth %,

wider than long; eleventh still stouter, oval, as long as the two preceding,

ogival and feebly oblique at apex. Prothorax conic, the sides very feebly arcu-

ate, about as long as wide; apex scarcely more than 14 as wide as the base, the

latter 26 wider than the head; surface perfectly even throughout. Elytra 14

longer than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and about 34 wider,

widest and with the sides rather more arcuate well before the middle; apex.

somewhat acute; humeral plica narrow and pronounced, moderate in length,

the subhumeral impression rather large and conspicuous; fovez distinct; sub-

sutural impressions almost obsolete, the suture not at all beaded toward base.

Under surface pale throughout. Legs moderate, the four anterior femora

moderately, the posterior rather feebly, clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width

0.45 mm.

District of Columbia.

The type and only specimen known to me is a female. The

Species may be known among its immediate neighbors by the

strongly clavate antenne, wholly unimpressed pronotum and

other characters.

31. C. pallidum 0n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, polished and impunctate,

rufo-testaceous throughout, the antenne concolorous, the legs still paler and

more brownish; pubescence only moderately abundant, coarse, pale in color,

rather short and recurved on the elytra. Head moderate, slightly transverse,

subcirecular behind the rather inconspicuous eyes; clypeus not visibly ridged.

along the middle, the tooth very minute, acutely triangular. Antennz slender,

rather longer than the head and prothorax, the club strong but not abrupt, its-

joints increasing in width; second joint subcylindriec, distinctly shorter and

narrower than the first, 14 longer than wide and subequal in length to the

next two; three to six distinctly narrower, subequal among themselves and

not quite as long as wide; seventh about 14 wider than the sixth, nearly 44

wider than long; eighth nearly 144 wider than the seventh, %¢ wider than long,

rounded at apex from the middle; ninth and tenth subsimilar, about 4 wider

than the eighth, 44 and % wider than long respectively; eleventh short, not

longer than wide, much shorter and somewhat stouter than the two preceding,

obtusely, rapidly ogival and scarcely at all oblique at apex; joints eight to

eleven almost uniformly increasing in width. Prothorax conic, the sides

almost straight, not longer than wide; apex 3% as wide as the base, the latter

% wider than the head; surface perfectly even throughout. Elytra nearly 7

longer than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and nearly *4 wider,

rather acutely rounded behind, widest near basal third, the sides almost evenly

arcuate; humeral plica small, narrow and inconspicuous, the subhumeral im-

pression small and feeble; foveze small; subsutural impressions very feeble,

the suture not or scarcely elevated near the base. Legs moderate, the anterior

femora clavate, the posterior four quite feebly so. Length 0.9 mm.; width

0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 423

I have not been able to distinguish any sexual differences in

the specimens before me. This species is closely allied to humile,

but may be distinguished by its narrow form, sparser pubescence,

less developed humeral plica and impression, more slender an-

tennze and non-carinate clypeus.

32. C. amgusticolle n. sp.—Moderately stout, the hind body somewhat

inflated, polished, impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the elytra still

paler, the legs more luteous ; pubescence abundant but short, coarse and re-

curved on the elytra, where there are also longer sparse erect setze in addition,

pale in color. Head small, not quite as long as wide, almost semicircularly

rounded behind the eyes, which are distinct and rather convex ; clypeal tooth

very minute, narrow and acute. Antenne slender, much longer than the head

and prothorax, the club slender but rather abrupt and almost parallel ; second

joint nearly as long as, and but slightly narrower than the first, feebly obconie,

nearly 34 longer than wide and about as long as the next two; three to six

equal in width and slightly narrower, cylindric ; third not quite as long as

wide ; fourth quadrate ; fifth and sixth equal and longer, 14 longer than wide;

seventh nearly 1 thicker than the sixth, not as long as wide, cylindric ; eighth

nearly 44 wider than the seventh, rounded apically, scarcely as long as wide ;

ninth and tenth equal, slightly thicker, about 14 wider than long ; eleventh

unusually elongate, fully as long as the preceding two and rather thicker,

gradually and acutely pointed and but slightly oblique at tip. Prothorax

feebly conic, the sides virtually straight, as long as wide and apparently

longer ; apex 24 as wide as the base, the latter 1g wider than the head ; surface

transversely and distinctly impressed near the basal margin, the impression in-

terrupted at the middle as usual. Elytra 24 longer than wide, about twice as

long as the prothorax and fully +4 wider, rather acute at apex and widest

near basal third ; sides evenly arcuate ; humeral plica strong, moderate in

length ; subhumeral impression large; foveze distinct; subsutural impres-

sions small but evident, oblique, the suture elevated near the base. Under

surface pale throughout, the abdomen more fulvous. Legs slender, the four

posterior femora feebly, the anterior more strongly, clavate ; tarsi slender.

Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

The antennal tubercles in this species are quite pronounced, and,

in the depression between them and at some distance behind the

line of the antenne, there is in the male a small elongate-oval area

which is finely and closely punctate. The description applies to

the male, but the female does not differ even in antennal structure.

Two specimens.

33. C. frontale n. sp.—Rather narrowly subrhomboid-oval, polished

and impunctate, dark rufo-piceous in color, the elytra occasionally a little paler

and more rufous; antenne slightly, the legs much paler luteo-testaceous; pu-

424 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

bescence abundant, somewhat long, suberect and slightly coarse on the elytra,

rather pale in color. Head well developed, a little wider than long, circularly

rounded behind the eyes, which are somewhat small and but slightly convex ;

clypeal tooth very minute, acute. Antennex nearly 4g as long as the body,

slender, the club strongly developed and elongate but not very abrupt in

formation; second joint obconic, fully 14 longer than wide, as long as the next

two; three to six equal in width, slender, obconic, the third wider than long;

fourth as long as wide; fifth and sixth nearly equal and decidedly longer, about

Y4 longer than wide; seventh fully 1 thicker than the preceding and more

roughly sculptured, cylindric and almost as long as wide; eighth % thicker

than the seventh, about as long as wide; ninth and tenth subequal, a little

thicker than the eighth and slightly wider than long; eleventh scarcely thicker,

elongate, almost as long as the two preceding, the point ogival and slightly

oblique. Prothorax rapidly conic, the sides scarcely at all arcuate, not quite

as long as wide; apex 14 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head;

surface just visibly and very obsoletely impressed transversely near the basal

margin. Llytra oval, not very acute behind, scarcely more than 14 longer

than wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and about 7, wider, widest

and with the sides somewhat more arcuate near basal 7; humeral plica rather

short but distinct, the subhumeral impression small and basal; foveze distinct;

subsutural impressions small and very feeble, the suture feebly elevated very

near the base. Legs slender, the two anterior femora distinctly, the four

posterior rather feebly, clavate. Abdomen black, the remainder of the under

surface dark rufo-testaceous. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

The male, from which the above characters are taken, differs

but little from the female, except that the penultimate joints of

the antennze appear to be a little more transverse in the latter.

Between the antennal tubercles in the male there is a subtriangu-

lar patch at the anterior margin, which is OES and strongly

punctate and more closely pubescent.

This species is abundant under fallen leaves in rather ee

woods, and may be known by its small size, minute clypeal tooth

and male sexual characters. The erect vestiture of the elytra is

nearly similar to that of the large species allied to flavitarse.

There is no distinguishable structural variation, even in size, in

the ample series before me.

tate, dark piceous-brown, the elytra paler and brighter rufous throughout 5

legs and antennz pale, rufo-testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, some-

what long, suberect and pale in color on the elytra. Head rather small, very

nearly as long as wide, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are rather well

developed and slightly prominent ; clypeal tooth very minute, broad and ob-

tusely rounded., Antenne rather slender, fully as long as the head and pro-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 495

thorax, the club slender but abruptly formed and nearly parallel ; second joint

much shorter and distinctly narrower than the first, very feebly obconic, fully

14 longer than wide, rather longer and distinctly wider than the next two ;

three to six equal in width and cylindric ; third distinctly wider than long ;

fourth about as long as wide; fifth and sixth longer, subequal and about 14

longer than wide ; seventh scarcely more than 1< thicker than the sixth and

fully as long as wide, cylindric ; eighth fully 44 thicker than the seventh,

about as long as wide, conic in apical half; ninth only slightly wider than the

eighth, nearly 1g wider than long ; eleventh distinctly shorter than the two

preceding and somewhat thicker, acutely and somewhat obliquely pointed.

Prothorax feebly conic, the sides nearly straight, almost as long as wide ; apex

more than 14 as wide-as the base, the latter 2g wider than the head ; surface

scarcely perceptibly impressed transversely near the basal margin. Elytra 2¢

longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax and *% wider, not

very acute at apex, widest and with the sides rather more arcuate near basal

third or fourth ; humeral plica and subhumeral impression small and feeble,

the foveze subobsolete ; subsutural impressions narrow and feeble, the suture

slightly elevated toward base. Under surface pale testaceous throughout.

Legs slender; four posterior femora feebly, the anterior more distinctly, clavate.

Length 1.0mm.; width 0.35 mm.

Florida.

This species is closely allied to frontale, but differs in its nar-

rower form, paler color, smaller head with relatively larger eyes,

and in some other details of structure. The male, which serves

as the type of the description, has the anterior margin of the

front finely and closely punctured and pubescent from side to

side between the antenne, the punctures not so large as in fron-

tale, and not confined so distinctly to a posteriorly angulate area.

35. C. integrum n. sp.—Rather stout, black, the elytra sometimes with

a feeble piceous tinge, polished, impunctate; legs and antenne dark rufo-

testaceous; pubescence abundant, coarse and pale, rather long and suberect on

the elytra. Head well developed, wider than long, circularly rounded, the

eyes moderate in size but convex and prominent; antennal tubercles subobso-

lete, the front very feebly impressed; clypeus not carinate, evenly transverse

and rectilinear at apex. Antennx long, slender, more than 14 as long as the

body, the club long, slender and only slightly abrupt; second joint feebly

obconic, 3 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much thicker; three

to six equal in width, cylindric; third and sixth scarcely as long as wide;

fourth and fifth equal and fully as long as wide; seventh 14 wider but not

much longer than the sixth, slightly wider than long; eighth 14 wider than

‘the seventh, about as long as wide; ninth and tenth 44 wider than the eighth,

about as long as wide and 14 wider than long respectively; eleventh long and

very gradually and acutely pointed, subequal to the two preceding. Prothorax

conic, the sides distinctly arcuate, not as long as wide; apex nearly 35 as wide

as the base, the latter }4 wider than the head; surface even. LElytra 75 longer

426 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

than wide, 21, times longer than the prothorax and about 34 wider, narrowly

parabolic at apex, widest at basal ?¢; sides evenly arcuate; humeral plica long

and strong, the subhumeral impression large and deep; fovez large and strong;

‘subsutural impressions narrow but deep, at basal fifth or sixth, the suture

finely beaded basally, the bead expanded at base. Legs moderate; anterior

femora strongly, the intermediate moderately, the posterior still less, clavate;

tarsi rather slender. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Ohio; Illinois.

As in many other species, the scars left by fallen hairs on the

elytra are quite distinct, but not exactly in the nature of punc-

tures. The abdomen is black with the apex pale. Sexual marks

are not discoverable.

Integrum is a distinct species in the present group because of

its larger size, black color and long antenne, but it resembles a

small femorale to some extent. The pronotum seems in certain

lights to exhibit feeble traces of the bisected transverse impression

so usual in this peculiar group of small obscure species, but it is

too faint to be at all decisive.

36. C. occidens n. sp.—Somewhat stout, polished and subimpunctate, dark

piceous, the elytra paler and more rufous ; antenne slightly, the legs much,

paler ; pubescence abundant, rather pale, long, somewhat fine and suberect

on the elytra. Head slightly wider than long, circularly rounded behind the

eyes, which are moderate and but slightly prominent ; antennal tubercles ob-

solete, the front not impressed ; clypeus very short, not carinate, asperulate,

the apical margin evenly and transversely rectilinear. Antennz but slightly

longer than the head and prothorax, slender, the club narrow and rather

gradually formed ; second joint but slightly narrower at base, stout, nearly

as wide as the first but much shorter, 1g longer than wide, not quite as long

as the next two and much thicker ; three to six equal in width ; third dis-

tinctly shorter than wide ; fourth as long as wide ; fifth and sixth very slightly

longer and equal ; seventh only just visibly wider, fully as long as the sixth

and about as long as wide ; eighth #£ wider than the seventh, rounded at apex,

as long as wide ; ninth and tenth subequal in width, neary 1g wider than the .

eighth, almost as long as wide and 14 wider than long respectively ; eleventh

not thicker, elongate, very nearly as long as the two preceding, gradually and

acutely conic and oblique from near basal third. Prothorax conic, the sides

feebly arcuate, fully as long as wide ; apex 36 as wide as the base, the latter

14 wider than the head; surface perfectly even and unimpressed. Elytra %

longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and %4 wider ; sides broadly

and evenly arcuate ; humeral plica narrow, oblique and rather short but strong ;

subhumeral impression short and shallow ; inner fovea distinct, the outer very

feeble ; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture not elevated or beaded.

Legs well developed, the tarsi slender ; four anterior femora rather strongly,

the posterior feebly, clavate. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. AQT

California (San Bernardino Co.). Mr. H. C. Fall.

The basal segment of the abdomen is simple and normal

throughout, and the single type before me is a male, as shown by

the protruded tip of the copulatory spicule, but there are no ex-

ternal sexual marks.

The individual lenses of the eyes are very feeble and widely

separated posteriorly, but convex and subcontiguous anteriorly.

The gradually acutely conical apex of the eleventh antennal joint.

is a peculiarity which I have not noticed elsewhere.

37. C. amale Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 153 (Seydme-

nus).

Rather narrowly suboval, polished and impunctate, dark rufo-

testaceous, the antennz concolorous and the legs rather paler;

pubescence abundant, suberect but rather short, coarse, pale,

mingled with longer remote setz and conspicuous on the elytra,

Head but slightly wider than long, subcircularly rounded behind,

the eyes rather small but convex; antennal prominences almost

obsolete, the front scarcely impressed ; clypeus simple, evenly

rectilinear at apex. Antenne slender, about } as longas the body,

the club narrow, somewhat incrassate and but slightly abrupt;

second joint stout, obconic, 2 longer than wide; three to six

equal in width; third not as long as wide; fourth quadrate; fifth

fully +, and sixth just visibly, longer than wide; seventh scarcely

longer than the sixth and only just visibly wider, very slightly

elongate; eighth 2 wider, a little longer than wide; ninth and

tenth not distinctly wider, rather longer than wide and as long as

wide respectively ; eleventh rather stouter and obliquely pointed

but not quite as long as the two preceding. Prothorax rather

feebly conic, the apex about 2 as wide as the base, which is not

more than + wider than the head; surface without trace of basal

impression. Elytra 2 longer than wide, rather more than twice

as long as the prothorax and not more than ? wider, oval, nar-

rowly parabolic at apex; humeral plica short and narrow, the

impression small; fovez small; subsutural impressions obsolete,

the suture perfectly simple and not in the least beaded toward

base. Abdomen with the basal segment perfectly normal and un-

modified. Legs moderate, the femora rather strongly clavate;

tarsi slender and filiform. Length 1.15 mm.; width 0.48 mm.

Louisiana and Texas (Austin). This species, together with

wentricosum and digressum, is quite aberrant, for, with the per-

428 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

fectly simple first segment, broadly obtuse abdominal process and

subequal four basal joints of the tarsi, characterizing the greater

number of species, the male has the terminal tibial spur, which is.

so essentially characteristic a feature in the capillosulum group,

and, except in these three species, unknown elsewhere in the

genus.

The description above given is taken from a Louisiana female,

and the series from Austin, Texas, before me, agrees fairly well;

in this series the male differs from the female in being slightly

stouter. The spur of the hind tibiz in the male is slender and

not quite half as long as the tarsus. As in many other species

the abdomen is dusky, becoming paler.toward tip.

38. C. ventricosumi n. sp.—Rather stout and conspicuously ventricose,

polished, impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout the body, legs and an-

tenn; pubescence moderate in abundance, coarse, suberect, pale, rather re-

curved and mingled with longer and more erect sparse setze on the elytra.

Head orbicular, nearly as long as wide, subcircular behind, the eyes quite:

small and only slightly convex; front not appreciably concave; clypeus short,

asperulate, with the apical margin perfectly simple and rectilinear. Antennx

slender, with a narrow and rather gradually formed club, distinctly longer

than the head and prothorax; second joint large though slightly shorter and

thinner than the first, feebly obconic, 35 longer than wide, rather longer than

the next two and much thicker; three to six equal in width; third distinctly

shorter than wide; sixth quadrate; fourth slightly, and fifth distinctly, longer

than wide; seventh about 14 wider and longer than the sixth, swollen at apex,

as long as wide; eighth scarcely ?¢ wider, fully as long as wide; ninth and

tenth almost exactly equal, nearly 14 wider than the preceding and about as.

long as wide; eleventh stouter, very obliquely pointed, not quite as long as.

the two preceding. Prothorax rather small, feebly conic, the sides distinctly

arcuate, not quite as long as wide; apex fully % as wide as the base, which is

not more than 14 wider than the head; surface perfectly even and convex.

Elytra inflated, 1g longer than wide, a little more than twice as long as the

prothorax and very nearly twice as wide, widest only slightly before the mid-

dle; sides arcuate; humeral plica small but distinct, the adjacent impression

rather small but very evident; foveze distinct; subsutural impressions subobso-

lete, the suture completely unmodified at any part. Abdomen dusky, pale at

apex, the first segment perfectly normal. Legs well developed; femora rather

strongly clavate, particularly the anterior pair; hind tarsi long and slender,

with the joints decreasing very slowly in length to the fourth. Length 1.25.

mm.; width 0.5 mm. |

Texas (Columbus and Galveston).

The male, which serves for the above description, has a slender,

simple and straight spur projecting obliquely from the apex of

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 429

the hind tibize and not quite half as long as the tarsus. The re-

marks given under the description of anale,as to the aberrant

nature of this spur in the present section of the genus, apply

equally here. :

Ventricosum is closely related to anale, but differs in its more

inflated elytra and sparser elytral vestiture. Three specimens.

39. C. hirtellum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152,

(Seydmezenus).

Suboval, moderately stout, polished and subimpunctate, pale

rufo-ferruginous throughout, the legs and antenne concolorous;

pubescence rather abundant, pale, short, coarse and recurved on

the elytra. Head transversely oval, subcircular behind, the eyes

not prominent; clypeus not elevated along the middle, the ante-

rior margin even and rectilinear. Antenne quite distinctly longer

than the head and prothorax, the club strong but not very abrupt;

second joint obconic, much shorter and thinner than the first, $

longer than wide, as long as the next two and but slightly thicker ;

three to six almost exactly equal, quadrate; seventh a little wider,

not quite as long as wide; eighth nearly $ wider than the seventh,

scarcely + wider than long; ninth and tenth similar in form to

the eighth but a little wider; eleventh rather stouter, almost as

long as the two preceding, obtusely ogival and but slightly

oblique at apex; antenne throughout clothed with unusually

coarse sparse hairs. Prothorax strongly conic, not quite as long

as wide, the sides feebly arcuate; apex 2 as wide as the base, the

latter 2 wider than the head; surfaceeven. Elytra 2 longer than

wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and 4

wider, widest before the middle, the sides evenly arcuate from

base to apex, the latter not acute; humeral plica and impression

rather small; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture simple.

Legs well developed, the anterior femora strongly, the four pos-

terior less strongly, clavate. Length 1.85 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Georgia and Alabama. The specimen above described is a male

and the cedeagus is completely extended. This is large and bulb-

ous at base, turned strongly upward, the apex becoming laminate

and produced at the middle in a slender corneous process, which

is minutely but abruptly dilated at tip, the latter truncate; there

are also two shorter lateral lobes which are acute and directed

obliquely inward to a slight extent, each bearing at apex a long

and excurvate seta which projects beyond the central spicule.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, April, 1897.—29.

430 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

This species may be distinguished in the present group by its

somewhat large size, ample elytra and other characters.

40. C. decorum n. sp.—Somewhat stout, polished, subimpunctate, pale

brownish-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz similar in color but

paler from diaphaneity; pubescence abundant, pale in color, rather coarse,

only moderate in length and recurved on the elytra. Head rather well de-

veloped, much wider than long, subcircularly rounded behind the eyes, which

are moderate in size but somewhat convex and distinct; clypeus carinate along

the middle but devoid of any trace of marginal tooth. <Antennx but little

longer than the head and prothorax, slender, the club rather strong but gradual

in formation, the eighth joint intermediate; second joint rather narrow, much

shorter and thinner than the first, 24 longer than wide, cylindric, narrowed at

base, rather longer than the next two ; three to six equal in width ; third and

fourth equal and about as long as wide, slightly narrower than the second ;

fifth a little longer, barely longer than wide ; sixth quadrate ; seventh only

very slightly wider, cylindric, as long as wide; eighth nearly 144 wider than

the seventh, rounded in apical 7g, very nearly as long as wide ; ninth 14 wider

than the eighth, 14 wider than long, fully as wide as the tenth, which is 14

wider than long ; eleventh scarcely thicker, not quite as long as the two pre-

ceding, obtuse and but slightly oblique at apex. Prothorax strongly conic, the

sides somewhat arcuate ; apex a little more than 14 as wide as the base, the

latter nearly 1g wider than the head; surface perfectly even and convex

throughout. lytra scarcely 7g longer than wide, twice as long as the pro-

thorax and 44 wider, not very acute at apex, widest before the middle but

with the sides very broadly and evenly arcuate ; humeral plica short and

feeble, the subhumeral impression very small and inconspicuous ; inner fovea

small but distinct, the outer indefinite ; subsutural impressions completely

obsolete, the suture not beaded basally. Legs rather short, the anterior femora

distinctly, the four posterior quite feebly, clavate. Length 1.2 mm. ; width

0.5 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The sex of the type is not discoverable at present, but the

species may be readily known by its uniform pale coloration,

carinate clypeus, unimpressed pronotum and other characters.

Two specimens.

Decorum is allied rather closely to hirtellum but differs in its

smaller size, more slender antenne with relatively fully as stout

but shorter and more gradually formed club, shorter elytra and

more slender legs.

41. C. digressuma n. sp.—Moderately stout and somewhat ventricose,

polished, impunctate, dark rufo-testaceous, the elytra and legs but slightly

paler ; tarsi flavate as usual ; pubescence abundant but quite short, coarse, re-

curved, pale and conspicuous on the elytra, where it is even and not mixed with

longer setz. Head well developed, orbicular, but slightly wider than long,

iow

Bee.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 431

subcircular behind, the eyes rather small and not prominent ; front not at all

impressed; clypeus feebly asperulate, perfectly even and transversely rectilinear

at apex. Antennx slender, the club narrow and quite gradual in formation,

distinctly longer than the head and prothorax; second joint distinctly obconic,

much shorter and slightly narrower than the first, 44 longer than wide, as

long as the next two and much thicker ; three to six equal in thickness; third

and fourth subequal and distinctly shorter than wide ; fifth slightly elongate,

the sixth quadrate ; seventh only very slightly wider and distinctly wider

than long ; eighth scarcely 2, wider than the seventh, about as long as wide ;

ninth and tenth nearly 14 wider, 4% and 44 wider than long respectively,

eleventh very gradually, conically and obliquely pointed, rather stouter than

the two preceding and nearly as long, paler in color. Prothorax rather feebly

conic, the sides slightly arcuate, not as long as wide ; apex fully 35 as wide as

the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than the head ; surface per-

fectly even and without trace of impression. /lytra scarcely 13 longer than

wide, much more than twice as long as the prothorax and fully +5 wider,

widest well before the middle, the sides broadly arcuate ; humeral plica

moderate in length, distinct ; subhumeral impression rather well developed ;

foveze small; subsutural impressions subobsolete, the suture very faintly

beaded near the immediate base. Abdomen perfectly simple at base, the

process broadly obtuse. Legs rather slender, the femora moderately clavate,

the anterior pair more strongly; tarsi slender, with the joints decreasing very

gradually in length. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

California (Pomona, Los Angeles Co.). Mr. H. C. Fall.

The single male type before me has a somewhat slender and

contorted spur projecting obliquely from the tip of the hind tibiz,

and distinctly less than half as long as the tarsus. This species

is related to anale and ventricosum, but differs from both in the

shorter and more recurved pubescence of the elytra unmixed with

longer erect hairs.

42. C. setiger n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished and impunctate, rufo-

testaceous, the elytra paler and brighter red though obscure at base ; legs and

antennze paler testaceous ; pubescence abundant, coarse, pale in color and

conspicuous, moderately long but recurved on the elytra, where there are long

Sparse and erect tactile sete interspersed, which are conspicuous on the flanks.

Head rather small, nearly as long as wide, parabolic behind the eyes, which

are somewhat small and but feebly convex ; antennal tubercles large and

feeble ; the front very feebly impressed ; clypeus flat, somewhat asperately

punctulate, evenly transverse and rectilinear at apex. Antennz slender, very

nearly 14 as long as the body, the club narrow but somewhat abrupt ; second

joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much

thicker ; three to six equal in width and cylindric; third and fourth equal

and nearly as long as wide ; fifth fully as long as wide ; sixth distinctly wider

than long ; seventh 14 wider, cylindric, not quite as long as wide; eighth %

wider than the seventh, cylindric, as long as wide ; ninth and tenth conic at

432 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

apex, 1s wider than the eighth, as long as wide and |4 wider than long re-

spectively ; eleventh long, gradually pointed, nearly as long as the two pre-

ceding. rothorax conic, the sides nearly straight, about as long as wide ;

apex 14 as wide as the base, the latter 7g wider than the head ; surface per-

fectly even and convex. Llytra %¢ longer than wide, more than twice as long

as the prothorax and +5 wider, acutely rounded at apex, widest near basal

third ; sides almost evenly arcuate ; humeral plica long, strong and conspicu-

ous, the subhumeral impression rather narrow but deep and unusually long,

extending by varying reflection through almost basal fourth ; inner fovea

strong, the outer obsolete ; subsutural impressions narrow and feeble, the

suture very feebly elevated basally, the bead not expanded at base. Legs

rather slender, the femora all moderately clavate. Length 1.15 mm.; width

0.5 mm.

Texas (Houston).

The bright coloration, conspicuous pale pubescence, with the

long sparse sete of the elytra and elongate subhumeral impres-

sion, are characters which will render the identification of this

species quite certain. The sex of the unique example before me

is not apparent.

menus )-

Moderately stout, polished, the anterior parts impunctate;

elytra with coarse and sparse punctures in about basal half, ex-

cept broadly along the summit of the flanks, where they disap-

pear; body dark rufo-testaceous in color, the legs paler and

brownish; antennz dark red-brown; pubescence moderately

abundant, coarse and pale, rather long and suberect on the elytra.

Head well developed, wider than long, the eyes large and promi-

nent; front obtusely impressed between the large and feeble an-

tennal tubercles; clypeus not modified, the apical margin even

and transversely rectilinear. Antenne a little longer than the

head and prothorax, rather stout, the club elongate, subparallel

and not very abrupt; second joint obconic, $ longer than wide,

not as long as the next two but thicker; three to six equal in

width and cylindric; three, four and six equal, slightly longer

than wide; fifth still longer, + longer than wide; seventh 4

thicker and more roughly sculptured, fully as long as wide;

eighth nearly $ wider than the seventh, almost as long as wide ;

ninth and tenth equal in width and but slightly thicker than the

eighth, + and 4 wider than long respectively; eleventh large,

thicker, rather longer than the two preceding, gradually oblique

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 433

and very acutely pointed. Prothorax conic, distinctly shorter

than wide; apex 2 as wide as the base, the latter + wider than the

head ; surface feebly, transversely impressed near the basal mar-

gin. Elytra 2 longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax

but scarcely 2 wider, the sides broadly, evenly arcuate; humeral

plica rather short but strong, the impression short and deep;

fovee distinct; subsutural impressions narrow and feeble, the

suture very feebly, finely and imperfectly beaded basally, the

head not expanded at base. Legs moderate, the femora rather

‘strongly and subequally clavate. Length 1.15 mm.; width 0.5

mm.

Florida (Enterprise)—Mr. Schwarz. The sex of the specimen

described above is not determinable. This species though allied

in general structure to innocuum and conifer, may be separated

at once, not only from them but every other species of the genus,

by the peculiar coarse punctuation of the elytra.

44. C. testaceipes n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and impunctate, black

throughout or with a slight piceous tinge; legs and antennz pale, rufo-tes-

taceous; pubescence rather abundant, short, coarse, pale and recurved on the

elytra. Head well developed, much wider than long, broadly rounded behind,

the eyes unusually large and prominent, extending behind the middle; front

distinctly impressed between the antennal tubercles; clypeus not at all cari-

nate, evenly rectilinear at apex. Antenne distinctly longer than the head and

prothorax, somewhat slender but with the club strong, subparallel and slightly

abrupt; second joint feebly obconic, 75 longer than wide, much thicker and

slightly longer than the next two, only slightly thinner than the first; next

four smooth, equal in width, cylindric; third and fourth equal and as long as

wide; fifth just visibly longer; sixth quadrate; seventh slightly rough, cylin-

dric, fully 4 wider than the sixth and not as long as wide; eighth fully 7

wider than the seventh, rounded in nearly apical half, almost as long as wide;

ninth and tenth equal, barely 14 wider than the eighth and but slightly wider

‘than long; eleventh somewhat thicker, as long as the preceding two, pointed.

Prothorax small, conic, not quite as long as wide, the sides feebly arcuate;

apex about 14 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 14 wider than the head;

surface distinctly impressed transversely near the basal margin, the impression

subinterrupted in the middle as usual. Elytra 1g longer than wide, more than

twice as long as the prothorax and nearly twice as wide, widest at basal 7;

-sides evenly arcuate, the apex acutely rounded; humeral plica long and strong,

the subhumeral impression strong and well developed; foveze distinct; sub-

sutural impressions narrow but long, strong and parallel, the suture strongly

beaded basally. Legs well developed, the tarsi slender, with the first four

joints of the posterior subequal; anterior femora strongly, the other four feebly,

clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

be a

434 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

This distinct form somewhat resembles castaneum and triviale,

but is stouter and with the basal segment of the abdomen almost

perfectly normal at apex. It differs from both in its large and

prominent eyes, obese form and black color, and, from ériviale, also.

in the strong humeral plicaand impression. The typeis probably

a male.

45. C.imerme n. sp.—Stout, highly polished and subimpunctate, piceous-—

black, the elytra rufous throughout ; legs and antennz pale, testaceous ; pu-

bescence rather abundant, pale, coarse, moderately long, even in length and

but slightly recurved on the elytra. Head only moderate in size, strongly

transverse, subcircular behind the eyes, which are large and prominent, extend--

ing distinctly behind the middle ; front impressed between the rather approxi-

mate antennal prominences ; clypeus even, the apical edge perfectly even and

very feebly sinuate throughout the width. Antenne a little longer than the

head and prothorax, slender, the club long, narrow and rather gradually

formed ; second joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next.

two and thicker ; three to six equal in width, cylindric and smooth ; three,

four and six equal and fully as long as wide, the fifth a little longer ; seventh

4 wider, as long as wide ; eighth nearly 34 wider than the seventh, almost as

long as wide; ninth and tenth equal, scarcely perceptibly wider than the

eighth and nearly as long as wide; eleventh rather stouter, gradually and

very obliquely pointed, very nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothoraa

small, conic, the sides feebly arcuate, distinctly shorter than wide ; apex 3% as:

wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head ; surface feebly and trans-

versely biimpressed near the basal margin. Llytra fully 1g longer than wide,

21g times as long as the prothorax and nearly twice as wide ; sides evenly

arcuate ; humeral plica and adjacent impression long, strong and very con-

spicuous ; foveze distinct ; subsutural impressions evident, the suture strongly

beaded toward base. Legs slender ; anterior femora rather strongly, the

intermediate less and the posterior feebly, clavate ; tarsi slender, the first four

joints of the posterior subequal. Length 1.0 mm. ; width 0.45 mm.

Massachusetts.

The first abdominal segment in the unique type is rather thickly

but simply pubescent, with the posterior margin broadly arcuate

and overlapping the second but without a visible fringe or coria-

ceous margin; the sex is not determinable.

In its general form, large eyes and small prothorax this species:

closely resembles testacetpes, differing in the ‘coloration of the

body, in its slightly more slender and less incrassate antennal

club, and rather sparser and longer elytral vestiture.

46. C. innocuum n. sp.—Stout polished and impunctate, blackish-

piceous, the elytra paler and dark rufo-testaceous throughout ; legs and an-

tenn still paler, testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, pale, coarse, sub-

‘

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 435

erect and somewhat long on the elytra. Head wider than long, moderate in

size, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are well developed and prominent ;

antennal prominences distinct, the front feebly depressed between them ;

clypeus not carinate, evenly rectilinear at apex. Antenne a little longer than

the head and prothorax, slender, the club long, subparallel and to some degree

gradual in formation ; second joint about as thick as the first but shorter, ob-

conic, fully 44 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much thicker ;

three to six equal in diameter, cylindric ; third fully as long as wide ; fourth

a little shorter ; fifth barely as long as wide, the sixth distinctly wider than

long ; seventh nearly 1g wider than the sixth, cylindric, wider than long ;

eighth ?¢ wider than the seventh ; ninth and tenth but little wider than the

eighth; eight to ten subsimilarin form and about 1g wider than long; eleventh

scarcely thicker, as long as the two preceding, obliquely and acutely pointed.

Prothorax strongly conic, the sides somewhat arcuate, very nearly as long as

wide ; apex 14 as wide as the base, the latter 26 wider than the head ; surface

very feebly, transversely impressed near the basal margin. i/ytra short, about

VY longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 34 wider,

almost evenly oval, widest only slightly before the middle ; sides strongly and

almost evenly arcuate throughout ; apex rather obtuse ; humeral plica long

and strong, the impression well developed ; fovez distinct ; subsutural im-

pressions long and distinct, the suture broadly beaded toward base. Legs

slender, the four anterior femora moderately, the posterior feebly, clavate ;

tarsi slender. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Central Illinois. Mr. F. M. Webster.

The first ventral segment is almost normal, having merely a

slightly more developed coriaceous hind margin than the suc-

ceeding segments. The sex of the single type is not determin-

able.

This species differs from cas‘aneum in its shorter elytra, more

elongate and larger prothorax, still larger and more coarsely

faceted eves, smaller head impressed between the antennal promi-

nences, and in numerous other characters of minor importance.

The eyes are not so large as in festaceipes, and the prothorax is

relatively much larger than in that species or inerme ; the body is

much more obese than in ¢friviale.

47. C. conifer nu. sp.—Rather stout, polished, subimpunctate, dark rufo-

piceous, the elytra bright red; legs and antennz pale brownish-testaceous;

pubescence abundant, pale, coarse, long and suberect on the elytra. Head

well developed, wider than long, broadly parabolic behind the eyes, which are

somewhat large and prominent, extending slightly behind the middle; front

impressed between the antennal prominences; clypeus flat and simple, the

apical edge perfectly even and just visibly sinuate throughout. Antenne rather

longer than the head and prothorax, the club long and subparallel but some-

what abrupt; second joint thick, obconic, 7g longer than wide, barely as long

436 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

as the next two and decidedly thicker; three to six equal in width and cylin-

dric, about as long as wide, the fifth very little longer; seventh scarcely 4

wider, quadrate; eighth 14 wider than the seventh, conic in apical 7¢, fully as

long as wide; ninth and tenth equal, 14 wider than the eighth, very nearly as

long as wide; eleventh rather thicker, oval, gradually and obliquely pointed,

nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothorax strongly conic, the sides al-

most straight; apex 44 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head;

surface narrowly and obsoletely impressed transversely near the basal margin.

Elytra 75 longer than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax and about 34

wider, oval, widest at basal ?g but with the sides broadly and very evenly

arcuate; apex narrowly rounded; surface feebly and sparsely punctulate;

humeral plica and adjacent impression long and strongly developed; fovez

distinct, rather approximate; subsutural impressions narrow and quite distinct

but very near the base, the included part of the suture very feebly elevated but

not at all beaded. Legs rather stout, the four anterior femora moderately

strongly and equally, the two posterior less strongly, clavate; tarsi moderately

stout, the first four joints of the posterior equal. Length 1.0 mm.; width

0.45 mm.

Florida.

The first abdominal segment is simple, but with the coriaceous

hind margin somewhat distinct. The sex of the type example is

indeterminate.

This species resembles innocuum, but differs in its longer and

more erect elytral pubescence, still larger eyes and in the com-

plete absence of the coarse and conspicuous sutural bead of that

species.

48. C. castaneumi n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished and impunctate,

dark castaneous to blackish throughout, the legs and antennz pale and

brownish-testaceous ; pubescence abundant, pale in color, rather coarse but

short and recurved on the elytra. Head moderate, wider than long, cir-

cularly rounded behind the eyes, which are rather well developed and convex

but anterior as usual ; antennal prominences completely obsolete, the front

not in the least impressed; clypeus perfectly even, the apical margin transverse

and rectilinear. Antennz distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, the

club strong but somewhat gradual in formation ; second joint but slightly

smaller than the first, thicker and rather longer than the next two, cylindric

and % longer than wide ; three to six equal in width ; third and fourth equal

and distinctly wider than long; fifth and sixth subequal and slightly longer

but not quite as long as wide ; seventh 1s thicker than the sixth, cylindric, 14

wider than long ; eighth 14 wider than the seventh, slightly wider than long ;

ninth nearly 144 wider than the eighth, about as wide as the tenth, these 4

and 1, wider than long respectively ; eleventh rather thicker, distinctly

shorter than the two preceding, obtusely ogival and slightly oblique at apex.

Prothorax rather small, conic, distinctly shorter than wide, the sides nearly

straight ; apex 3% as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head ; sur-

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 437

face feebly, transversely impressed near the basal margin. Elytra scarcely

more than 1g longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the pro-

thorax and about +5 wider, widest well before the middle, the sides evenly

arcuate ; apex rather acute; humeral plica long and strong, the subhumeral

impression correspondingly distinct; fovez distinct ; subsutural impressions

feeble but evident, suture somewhat beaded toward base. Legs well developed,

the two anterior femora strongly, the other four feebly, clavate. Length

1.0-1.1mm.; width 0.4-0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The basal segment of the abdomen is broadly arcuate at apex

and somewhat elevated above the general level as in the second

subdivision of the genus, with which however the present species

cannot be placed because of tarsal structure. In the type, as-

sumed to be the male, this segment is densely clothed with long

submembranous hairs throughout. The female is smaller, darker

and more slender than the male and has the pubescence of the

first segment normal.

This species may be known by its small and transversely im-

pressed pronotum, strong humeral plica and abdominal structure.

49. C. triviale n. sp.—Rather narrowly suboval, polished, subimpunc-

tate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz still paler ; pu-

bescence moderately abundant, pale, rather coarse, moderate in length and

recurved on the elytra. Head slightly wider than long, subparabolic behind

the eyes, which are rather small and but slightly prominent ; antennal promi-

nences very feeble, the surface not noticeably impressed between them ;

clypeus not carinate, short, rectilinearly truncate. Antennx a little longer

than the head and prothorax, rather slender, the club long but slender and

-quite gradual in formation ; second joint feebly obconic, as long as the next

two and thicker, 14 longer than wide; next four equal in width; third and

fourth equal and slightly wider than long; fifth and sixth equal and very

nearly as long as wide ; seventh scarcely 14 wider, cylindric, very little wider

than long ; eighth 7, wider than the seventh, rounded at the sides, conoidal

only at apex, very nearly as long as wide; ninth and tenth almost exactly

equal, 1g wider than the eighth, less than 1g wider than long ; eleventh rather

stouter, elongate, gradually and acutely pointed and slightly oblique at apex,

as long as the two preceding. Prothorax conic with slightly arcuate sides, not

‘quite as long as wide ; apex 34 as wide as the base, the latter about-1g wider

than the head ; surface feebly, transversely impressed near the basal margin.

Elytra almost evenly oval and widest only slightly before the middle, barely

% longer than wide, obviously more than twice as long as the prothorax and

34 wider ; sides evenly arcuate; apex rather narrowly rounded ; humeral

plica short and basal, the impression correspondingly short ; fovez distinct ;

‘subsutural impressions narrow, long and rather distinct, the suture beaded

basally, the bead rapidly expanded at base. J.egs slender, the anterior femora

438 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rather strongly, the other four feebly, clavate ; tarsi slender. Length 0.95

mm. ; width 0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The first abdominal segment in the type is large, arcuate at.

apex and extends slightly over the second segment as in the second

section of the genus; itis sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent,.

but the apical margin is fringed with a laminate porrect and mem-

branous border which seems to be split into narrow scale-like

pieces. The first four tarsal joints are subequal in length. The

sex of the type is undetermined.

This species is allied to castaneum, differing in its rather smaller

size, paler color, more slender antennal club, and especially in

abdominal structure and in its much shorter and less conspicuous.

humeral plica and impression.

50. C. osculams n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, highly polished and impunc-

tate, pale flavo-testaceous throughout the body, legs and antennz; pubescence: -

only moderately abundant, coarse, pale, short, even ai! recurved on the elytra.

Head rather sniall, but slightly wider than long, broadly rounded at base, the-

tempora obtusely subangulate; eyes moderately large, slightly prominent, not

extending to the middle; antennal prominences strong, rather approximate,

separated by a pronounced depression; clypeus even, transversely rectilinear

at apex. Antennz slender, longer than the head and prothorax, the club slen-

der and very gradual in formation; second joint subcylindric, about 4 longer

than wide, as long asthe next two and slightly thicker; three to six equal in

width, cylindric; three, four and five equal and quadrate; six perceptibly

shorter, not as long as wide; seventh much larger, 7g wider and longer than:

the sixth, not as long as wide, forming an even transition to the eighth, which:

is 76 wider than the seventh and nearly as long as wide, conic at apex; ninth

and tenth equal in width and nearly 14 wider than the eighth, 4 and 14 wider

than long respectively; eleventh nearly as long as the two preceding and rather

thicker, gradually pointed in a slightly oblique ogive. Prothorax conic with

feebly arcuate sides, not quite as long as wide; apex 34 as wideas the base, the-

latter 14 wider than the head; surface feebly, transversely biimpressed near

the basal margin. Elytra % longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax

and nearly 34 wider, rather acutely rounded at apex, widest only slightly be-

fore the middle, the sides rather more strongly arcuate there than toward base

and apex; humeral plica narrow but strong and somewhat elongate, the im-

pression well marked but small; fovese approximate, rather deep; subsutural

impressions distinct, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead expanded at

base. Legs moderate; anterior femora rather strongly, the intermediate less.

and the posterior feebly, clavate; tarsi slender. Length 0.8 mm.; width 0.35

mm.

Rhode Island ( Boston Neck ).

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 439)

The sex of the single individual before me cannot be determin-

ed at present. The pale color of the type may be in part due to

immaturity.

_ This species may be readily known by its minute size, very

gradual antennal club and small head with deep frontal impres-

sion, as well as by its impressed pronotum.

51. C. pyramidale Lec.—‘ New Species Col.,’’ Sm. Mise. Col. 167, p.

27 (Scydmenus).

Narrowly suboval, polished, subimpunctate, the elytra sparsely

and obsoletely punctulate ; integuments pale brownish-testaceous

throughout, the legs and antennze concolorous; pubescence

abundant, pale, coarse, short, recurved and nearly even on the

elytra. Head well developed, semicircular behind the eyes, which

are only moderate in size and not prominent ; front not impressed;

clypeus even, the apical margin transversely rectilinear. Anten-

nz scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, stout, the club

strong but gradually formed; second joint cylindric, nearly 4

longer than wide, longer than the next two but not visibly thicker ;

three to six equal and transverse, nearly twice as wide as long;

seventh a little wider and fully twice as wide as long; eighth

scarcely } wider than the seventh, ? wider than long; ninth and

tenth equal, nearly 2 wider than the eighth and 2 wider than long ;

eleventh somewhat thicker, pointed, scarcely as long as the two

preceding. Prothorax strongly conic; apex scarcely more than

4 as wide as the base, the latter nearly 2 wider than the head;

surface obviously and transversely impressed near the basal mar-

gin. Elytra 2 longer than wide, fully twice as long as the pro-

thorax and about 4 wider, acutely rounded at apex, widest behind

basal third; humeral plica rather short but strong, the adjacent

impression distinct but small and narrow; inner fovea alone

visible ; subsutural impressions very narrow and almost obsolete,

the suture very finely elevated basally, the bead not at all ex-

panded at base. Legs slender, the femora only moderately and

subequally clavate. Length 0.8 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Alabama and Florida. A very minute species, recognizable by

the short antennal joints, feebly punctulate elytra, subobsolete

impressions near the elytral suture and other characters. The

sex of the individual described is not known.

52. C. oregonense n. sp.—Rather narrowly subrhomboid-oval, polished

and subimpunctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennze

440 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

‘concolorous ; elytral suture narrowly blackish ; pubescence rather abundant,

coarse, pale, very short and closely recurved on the elytra, without longer

bristles. Head well developed, much wider than long, circularly rounded

behind ; eyes rather large, convex and prominent, extending to the middle ;

antennal prominences subobsolete ; clypeus simple, asperulate, with an evenly

rectilinear and transverse apical margin. Antennx slender, much longer than

the head and prothorax, the club narrow and gradual in formation ; second

joint obconic, fully 44 longer than wide, fully as long as the next two and

much thicker ; three to six almost equal among themselves, cylindric and

about as long as wide, the third very slightly the shortest ; seventh }< thicker,

subglobular, about as long as wide ; eighth nearly 14 thicker than the seventh,

conic in apical third, subglobular, about as long as wide ; ninth and tenth

equal in form and size, about 14 wider than the eighth, scarcely 14 wider than

long ; eleventh large, decidedly stouter, fully as long as the two preceding,

oval, gradually and acutely ogival and oblique toward tip. Prothorax feebly

conic, with the sides nearly straight, about as long as wide ; apex truncate

and fully 25 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than

the head ; surface very obsoletely biimpressed transversely near the basal mar-

gin. lytra almost 44 longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as

the prothorax and nearly 34 wider, widest and with the sides somewhat more

arcuate near basal third ; apex narrowly subtruncate and rounded ; humeral

plica narrow but somewhat long and strong, the adjacent impression rather

narrow and small but distinct ; inner fovea feeble, the outer almost obsolete ;

subsutural impressions narrow but rather distinct, the suture feebly and finely

elevated basally but not distinctly beaded. Legs well developed; anterior

femora rather strongly, the other four distinctly less although somewhat

strongly, clavate ; tarsi filiform. Length 1.15 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Oregon (Huntington). Mr. Wickham. !

The first ventral segment is large but simple and not fringed,

the apical margin broadly arcuate and widely overlapping the

second segment. No sexual characters are observable in the

unique type. The species may be recognized by its very short

elytral pubescence, subobsolete transverse pronotal impression

and antennal structure.

Although inhabiting a Pacific State, this species cannot be re-

regarded as belonging to the true Pacific coast faunal region,

as the town of Huntington is on the extreme eastern border.

53. C. nimbatum n. sp.—Narrow with subinflated hind body, polished,

impunctate, rufo-testaceous, the elytra slightly brighter red; legs and antennz

pale brownish-testaceous; pubescence moderately abundant, pale, coarse, short,

even and recurved on the elytra. Head rather small, rounded behind the

eyes, which are moderate in size but somewhat prominent, extending about

to the middle ; antennal prominences somewhat distinct, the front broadly

impressed ; clypeus flat, the apical edge perfectly even and transversely rec-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 44}

tilinear. Antenne slender, longer than the head and prothorax, the club nar-

row but somewhat abrupt in formation ; second joint subcylindric, 35 longer

than wide, rather longer than the next two and distinctly thicker; three to

six equal in width, smooth and cylindric; three, four and six equal and very

nearly as long as wide ; fifth a little longer than wide ; seventh scarcely more

than 14 wider than the sixth and but little longer, not quite as long as.

wide ; eighth full 14 wider than the seventh, nearly as long as wide, conic

at apex ; ninth and tenth subequal, 14 wider than the eighth, about 15

wider than long ; eleventh decidedly thicker, fully as long as the two pre-

ceding, obliquely pointed in ogive at apex. Prothorax narrow, fully as long

as wide, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides in basal half, then gradually

and arcuately narrowed to the apex, which is fully 34 as wide as the base, the

latter 144 wider than the head ; surface finely and transversely biimpressed

near the basal margin. Elytra nearly *5 longer than wide, barely twice as

long as the prothorax and #5 wider, widest before the middle, the sides evenly

arcuate ; humeral plica narrow but long and strong, the subhumeral impres-

sion rather narrow but deep ; inner fovea somewhat distinct ; subsutural im-

pressions narrow but evident, the suture only very narrowly and feebly

beaded basally, the bead not expanded at base. Legs as usual; anterior femora

distinctly, the four posterior more feebly, clavate. Length 0.9mm.; width

0.35 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

A very small but peculiar species, which may be identified by

the narrow and subparallel prothorax, this being apparently

longerthan wide. A single specimen of undetermined sex. —

54. C. parcumi n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, highly polished and impunc-

tate, black, the elytra dark rufous, blackish posteriorly; prothorax slightly

pale at apex; legsand antenne pale testaceous; pubescence not very abundant,

rather coarse, long, feebly curved, suberect and decidedly sparse on the elytra,

but pale in color and distinct. Head moderately developed, distinctly wider

than long, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are small and inconspicuous

although somewhat convex; depression between the antennal prominences

rather strong; clypeus not at all carinate, the apex perfectly even, transverse

and rectilinear. Antennz somewhat longer than the head and prothorax,

moderately stout, the club rather feeble, somewhat gradual in formation;

second joint but slightly thinner than the first, cylindric, as long as the next

two and much thicker, #4 longer than wide; three to six equal in width; third

nearly as long as wide; fourth and sixth just visibly shorter; fifth fully as long

as wide; seventh only 14 wider than the sixth, a little wider than long; eighth

%, wider than the seventh, slightly wider than long, broadly rounded only at

apex; ninth 14 wider than the eighth, scarcely 14 wider than long; tenth sub-

equal in width but more transverse, 74 wider than long; eleventh elongate,

scarcely thicker, as long as the two preceding, gradually acutely and obliquely

pointed. Prothoraz very feebly conic, nearly as long as wide, with the sides

broadly arcuate; apex 34 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 14 wider than

442 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the head; surface with feeble traces of a transverse impression near the basal

margin. Llytra 74 longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax

and about 34 wider, widest slightly before the middle, the sides broadly arcu-

ate; humeral plica very narrow but elongate and distinct, the impression rather

well developed; foveze distinct; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture

not or scarcely beaded basally. Legs rather long; anterior femora strongly,

the four posterior feebly, clavate. Length 0.85 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

No sexual marks can be discovered in the two examples before

me; there will, however, be no trouble in identifying this distinct

species, because of its small size, coloration of the body and pe-

culiar form of the prothorax.

55. C. clawatum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 153 (Seyd-

menus).

Narrow and elongate, polished, sparsely subpunctulate, rufo-

testaceous, the legs and antenne pale; head and pronotum slightly

darker; pubescence rather abundant, coarse, pale, short, recurved

and interspersed with longer remote erect setz on the elytra.

Head large, but slightly wider than long, the eyes small; clypeus

with a minute discal tubercle at the anterior margin, the latter

transverse. Antenne about as long as the head and prothorax,

slender, the club rather strong, subparallel and abrupt to some

extent; second joint rather longer than the next two and dis-

tinctly thicker, 2 longer than wide; three to six almost equal,

cylindric, distinctly wider than long, the fifth almost as long as

wide; seventh 4 wider, cylindric, 4 wider than long; eighth 2

wider and longer than the seventh, a little wider than long; ninth —

and tenth subequal, + wider than the eighth, about 2 wider than

long; eleventh almost as long as the two preceding and some-

what thicker, ogival and slightly oblique at tip. Prothorax fully

as long as wide, the sides arcuate and converging anteriorly,

parallel toward base; apex 2? as wide as the base, the latter only

very slightly wider than the head; surface transversely and

strongly impressed near the base, the impression narrowly inter-

rupted at the middle. Hlytra 4 longer than wide, twice as long

as the prothorax and barely 4 wider, evenly oval, the sides

broadly arcuate; humeral plica and adjacent impression small

and moderately strong ; inner fovea evident, the outer subobsolete ;

subsutural impressions nearly obsolete, the suture very finely

beaded basally. Legs moderate, the femora rather strongly

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 443

clavate, the anterior rather more distinctly than the other four.

Length 1.15 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Georgia (Liberty Co.) and Florida. A distinct type in the

present genus, which can be identified very readily by its narrow

form, relatively large head and strong impression of the prono-

tum. I cannot observe any definite sexual characters.

56. C. decipiems n. sp.— Narrowly suboval, polished, subimpunctate,

rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz paler and more diaphanous ;

pubescence rather abundant, pale, coarse, short, recurved and mingled with

sparse erect setze on the elytra. Head moderate in size, but slightly wider

than long, subparabolic behind the eyes, which are not very large or prominent ;

antennal prominences very feeble, separated by scarcely more than 1¢ the total

width ; clypeus slightly asperate, the apical margin very evenly and just

visibly sinuate throughout the width. Antenne scarcely as long as the head

and prothorax, stout, the club long and rather strong but subparallel and

scarcely abrupt ; second joint stout, cylindric, scarcely ?¢ longer than wide,

fully as long as the next two and a little thicker ; three to six perfectly similar

in form and strongly transverse, apparently very slightly increasing in size, 74

to *4 wider than long ; seventh scarcely 14 wider than the sixth, 1g wider than

long; eighth 2£ wider than the seventh, nearly as long as wide ; ninth and

tenth subequal, only very slightly wider than the eighth and very nearly as

long as wide ; eleventh barely thicker, not quite as long as the two preceding,

obliquely pointed at tip. Prothorax conic with the sides distinctly arcuate or

very obtusely subangulate at the middle, scarcely as long as wide ; apex 14 as

wide as the base, the latter nearly 44 wider than the head ; surface strongly

and transversely biimpressed near the basal margin. lytra evenly oval and

acutely ogival at apex, widest before the middle, 14 longer than wide, dis-

tinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and about 14 wider ; sides

evenly arcuate ; humeral plica and attendant impression small but strongly

marked ; inner fovea strong and deep, the outer obsolete ; subsutural impres-

sions narrow, short and feeble, the suture finely but strongly beaded basally,

the bead gradually wider but not abruptly expanded at base. Legs well de-

veloped, the femora all strongly clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.28 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

A small and slender species, somewhat allied to clavatum, but

distinguishable by the smaller head, more conical prothorax with

coarser transverse impression, and by the stouter antenne, the

elub of the latter being less abrupt. The antennal club in decipiens

is very long, the joints of the funicle being shorter and more trans-

verse. No sexual marks are observable in the two specimens

before me.

57. C. biceps n. sp.—Moderately stout and feebly ventricose, polished

and impunctate, pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz con-

444 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

colorous ; pubescence rather abundant, short, recurved and mingled with

longer erect and widely dispersed tactile setee on the elytra. Head much.

wider than long, dilated, angulate and widest behind the eyes, broadly

rounded at base behind the lateral projections, deeply excavated transversely

just behind the eyes, which are anterior, well developed and rather convex ;.

vertex behind the excavation broadly swollen, finely and feebly scabrous and

more densely pubescent, the pubescence projecting anteriorly over the middle

of the excavation ; tranverse elevated front before the excavation and between

the antenne longitudinally impressed at the middle, finely scabrous laterally ;.

clypeus simple, not at all dentate ; maxillary palpi nearly normal, the third

joint dilated, oval and compressed. Antennz rather stout, as long as the head

and prothorax, the club strong and somewhat gradual ; second joint stout, as

thick as the first, suboval and about 1g longer than wide, distinctly thicker

and somewhat longer than the next two; three to six equal in width ; three

and four equal and fully #4 wider than long ; fifth and sixth equal, longer, 74

wider than long ; seventh 14 wider, *5 wider than long; eighth nearly 1%

wider than the seventh, 14 wider than long ; ninth and tenth nearly similar,

the latter scarcely visibly wider, 24 and *4 wider than long respectively ;

eleventh not distinctly thicker, short, but little longer than wide, obtusely

ogival and but slightly oblique at apex and as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax feebly conic with straight sides, about as long as wide; apex fully

34 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 15 wider than the head ; surface

even, convex, without a distinct transverse impression near the basal margin-

Elytra oval, 14g longer than wide, not quite twice as long as the prothorax and

fully 34 wider, widest before the middle, the sides broadly rounded ; humeral

plica and adjacent impression extremely small and feeble ; inner fovea very

small, the outer obsolete; subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture very

finely beaded near the base. Abdomen normal. Legs rather short, the femora

moderately clavate ; hind tarsi rather thick, with the first four joints about

equal among themselves. Length 0.7 mm.; width 0.26 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The description is drawn from the male. In the female the

body is nearly similar in form and size, but the prothorax is.

more conical and the head much smaller and of the ordinary form,

being subcircularly rounded behind the anterior and slightly

prominent eyes, with the antennal prominences small; the anten-

nal club is less dilated and more gradually incrassate.

58. C. Caviceps n. sp.—Feebly subrhomboid-oval, polished, subimpune--

tate, pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous;

pubescence rather abundant, short and recurved on the elytra and with a few

longer erect sete. Head transversely oval, slightly and subangularly promi-

nent at the sides behind and above the eyes, the latter rather small, not con-

vex and not visible from above; base broadly arcuate; surface broadly concave

at the middle, smooth and polished but becoming densely and finely asperato-

punctate at the anterior margin of the front, these punctules bearing each an:

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 445

extremely minute and short but stiff and erect seta; clypeus smooth and

_almost vertical, its anterior margin simple; maxillary palpi normal. Antenne

slender, rather longer than the head and prothorax, the club moderately stout

-and very gradually formed; second joint obconic, fully 144 longer than wide,

stouter and distinctly longer than the next two and a little thinner than the

first; three to six subequal in size throughout and about as long as wide;

“seventh scarcely 14 wider, as long as wide and subglobular; eighth subglobu-

lar, scarcely #£ wider than the seventh and almost as long as wide; ninth 14

thicker, globular, as long as wide; tenth a little thicker and very slightly

wider than long; eleventh still thicker, obtusely and obliquely ogival, not

‘quite as long as the two preceding; joints eight to eleven together as long as

two toseven. Prothorax conic, with feebly arcuate sides, not quite as long as

wide; apex 34 as wide as the base, the latter barely 14 wider than the head;

surface even and convex, not impressed near the base. lytra oval, 2 longer

than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax and about %4 wider, widest he-

‘fore the middle, the sides broadly arcuate; humeral plica and attendant im-

pression extremely small and feeble; inner fovea feeble and alone visible; sub-

-sutural impressions obsolete, the suture unmodified. Abdomen normal in

‘structure. Legs rather short but slender; femora moderately clavate; hind

tarsi slender, with the first four joints subequal among themselves. Length

-0.65-0.75 mm.; width 0.26 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The form described above is the male, and the female differs in

having the elytra rather shorter and relatively more dilated, the

head slightly smaller, circularly rounded behind the eyes which

-are moderate in size, anterior and visible from above, and in hay-

ing the penultimate joints of the antenne shorter and more trans-

verse; the middle of the vertex is however broadly impressed,

nearly as in the male,and the antennal prominences are relatively

‘more marked, but there is no frontal punctulation.

This and the preceding are by far the most minute of the entire

‘genus, and differ besides in presenting strongly marked cephalic

modifications in the male, but they are perfectly normal members

-of the genus in general structure.

59. C. trimifer n. sp —Somewhat narrowly suboval, polished and sub-

impunctate, piceous-black, the head and antenne paler and dark rufo-tes-

-taceous; legs pale luteo-testaceous; pubescence rather abundant, pale, coarse,

rather short recurved and almost even on the elytra. Head moderate, dis-

tinctly wider than long, almost evenly elliptical, the eyes small and but

slightly convex; antennal prominences large and distinct, separated by a de-

pression; clypeus even, the median tooth distinct, narrow and rather acute.

Antenne moderately stout, slightly longer than the head and prothorax, the

-club very abrupt, strong, short, 3-jointed and paler in color; second joint stout,

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, May, 1897.—30.

446 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much thicker; three-

to six equal, cylindric, 14 wider than long; seventh and eighth similar in form,

symmetric and trapezoidal from the base, 1g and % wider than the sixth re-

spectively and a little more roughly sculptured; ninth 34 wider and 14 longer

than the eighth, nearly 44 wider than long; tenth similar, though scarcely

visibly wider, fully 44 wider than long, both with a whorl of short stout and.

porrect sete beyond the middle; eleventh not quite as long as the two preceding,

scarcely oblique at apex. Prothorax moderately conic with very slightly ar-

cuate sides, about as long as wide; apex 74 as wide as the base, the latter but.

slightly more than 14 wider than the head; surface perfectly even, without

trace of impression. lytra relatively long, oval, widest at basal 7, narrowly

obtuse at apex, % longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the:

prothorax and nearly +4 wider; sides broadly arcuate; humeral plica minute,

the adjacent impression small, basal and inconspicuous; inner fovea deep and

distinct, the outer indistinct; subsutural impressions obsolescent, the suture-

not elevated. Legs well developed; femora rather strongly clavate, the an-

terior only a little moreso. Length 1.1-1.2 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck); New York; District of Co-

lumbia; Pennsylvania ( Westmoreland Co.).

This is a distinct species and is apparently common and widely

diffused in the northern Atlantic States. It resembles fulvum,.

but differs in its piceous-black color and much larger size; from

trifidum it may be known by its less ventricose form and much

smaller subhumeral impression, and, from debzlitans, which it re-

sembles most of all, by its larger size, darker color, much longer

elytra, narrower prothorax and shorter but stouter antennal club.

The description is drawn from the male, the female however not dif-

fering in any external aspect. It is represented by a large series.

and some individuals are pale, probably from immaturity.

60. C. debilitams n. sp.—Rather narrowly subrhomboid-oval, polished,.

impunctate, dark rufo-testaceous, the antennz same; elytra rather paler and

brighter red but dusky toward tip; legs very pale luteo-testaceous ; pubes-

cence rather abundant, coarse, pale, short recurved and mingled with some-

longer and more erect setz on the elytta. Head moderately deyeloped,

slightly wider than long, subcircular behind the eyes, which are rather small

‘and scarcely at all prominent; antennal prominences somewhat large and dis—

tinct, separated by a feeble depression; clypeus not carinate, having a few

subasperate punctures, the apex finely but distinctly toothed at the middle,.

the tooth narrow and acute. Antennz stout, fully as long as the head and.

prothorax, the clubabrupt, stout and 3-jointed ; second joint stout, obconic, 4,

longer than wide, as long as the next two and thicker; three to six subequal,.

nearly 14 wider than long, the inner side of the fourth distinctly shorter than

the outer; seventh perceptibly wider, transverse; eighth still a little wider, more-

pointed within; five to eight gradually more roughly sculptured; ninth abruptly

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 447

2 wider than the eighth and nearly twice as long, 1 wider than long; tenth

just visibly wider, similar in form; eleventh rather stouter, not as long as the

two preceding; the ninth and tenth have a whorl of peculiar short, very stiff

and porrect bristles at apical 7g, which are distinct from the ordinary erect setz

or shorter hairs, and there is also a feebler whorl of similar sete at about the

middle of the eleventh. Prothorax conic with nearly straight sides, as long as

wide; apex fully 35 as wide as the base, the latter 14 wider than the head;

surface perfectly even. Elytra 4 longer than wide, twice as long as the pro-

thorax and 34 wider, narrowly rounded behind, widest near basal third; sides

broadly rounded; humeral plica short, narrow and not very pronounced, the

adjacent impression rather small and feeble; inner fovea small but deep and

distinct, the outer obsolete; subsutural impressions small but rather distinct,

rounded, at basal fifth, the suture extremely finely and feebly elevated to-

ward base. Legs moderate, the four posterior femora rather feebly, the an-

terior more strongly, clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.38 mm.

Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia).

The single specimen, which is probably a male, represents a

species allied to fulvum and trifidum, but differing in its much

stouter antenne, especially in the funicular portion. The subhu-

meral plica and impression are much more pronounced than in the

former, but rather less so than in the latter, and the subsutural

impressions and clypeal tooth are more developed than in either

of those species. In form it more nearly resembles fulvum, being

less stout than trifidum. The last two segments combined occupy

nearly half of the entire abdomen.

61. C. trifidum n. sp.—Somewhait stout, suboval, polished, subimpunc-

tate, pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennze concolorous ;

pubescence rather abundant, pale, coarse, rather short and recurved on the

elytra, where it is mingled with a few widely dispersed and erect tactile setze

of moderate length. Head moderate, but very slightly wider than long,

rounded behind, the eyes small and slightly convex ; antennal prominences

very feeble, the front scarcely impressed ; clypeus simple, sparsely asperate,

the apical margin with an exceedingly minute and obtuse median tooth.

Antenne barely as long as the head and prothorax, slender, the club abrupt,

stout and 3-jointed ; second joint very feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide,

longer and much wider than the next two; three to six equal, cylindric,

about 14 wider than long ; seventh nearly 14 wider than sixth, fully 46 wider

than long ; eighth nearly 14 wider than the seventh and almost similar in form;

ninth abruptly 14 wider than the eighth, fully %, wider than long; tenth

similar to the ninth but just visibly wider ; eleventh not quite as long as

the two preceding. Prothorax conic with very feebly arcuate sides, about as

long as wide ; apex truncate, 34 as wide as the base, which is nearly 14 wider

than the head ; surface perfectly even and unimpressed. lytra about 14

longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax and nearly #5 wider ;

448 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

apex narrowly rounded ; sides broadly rounded ; disk widest before the

middle ; humeral plica moderate in length, strongly elevated and distinct ;

subhumeral impression pronounced though not very large ; inner fovea small

but deep and distinct, the outer subobsolete ; subsutural impressions very

nearly obsolete, the suture not at all elevated. Legs well developed, the an-

terior femora moderately strongly, the four posterior feebly, clavate. Length

0.95 mm. ; width 0.43 mm.

Wisconsin (Bayfield). Mr. Wickham.

A small species, closely allied to fulvum, but differing in the

more dilated seventh and eighth antennal joints, larger size, more

ventriculate form and much stronger humeral plica and adjacent

impression. It is represented before me by a single specimen of

indeterminate sex but in all probability female. The elytra are

sparsely and feebly punctulate, particularly toward base.

62. C. fulwum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155 (Seyd-

menus).

Narrowly suboval, polished, impunctate, pale brownish-testa-

ceous throughout, the elytra, legs and antenne still somewhat

paler; pubescence rather abundant, coarse, pale and conspicuous,

rather short and recurved on the elytra. Head somewhat small,

slightly wider than long, subcircularly rounded behind the eyes,

which are rather small and but slightly prominent; antennal

prominences strong, separated by a distinct depression; clypeus

sparsely asperulate, not at all carinate, evenly rectilinear and

transverse at apex, with a very minute and obtusely rounded

marginal tooth. Antenne barely as long as the head and pro-

thorax, the funicle slender, the club very abrupt and purely 3-

jointed; second feebly obconic, 2 longer than wide, a little longer

than the next two and much wider; three to six equal, very

slightly wider than long, cylindric; seventh scarcely visibly

wider; eighth very slightly wider than the seventh, 2 wider than

long, its surface smooth like that of the preceding joints; ninth

4 wider, ¢ wider than long; tenth just visibly wider than the

ninth, 2 wider than long; eleventh not thicker, not quite as long

as the two preceding. Prothorax conic with feebly arcuate sides,

as long as wide; apex 2 as wide as the base, the latter + wider

than the head; surface perfectly even, without trace of impres-

sion. Elytra oval, widest slightly before the middle, narrowly

parabolic at tip, 2 longer than wide, barely twice as long as the

prothorax and scarcely 2 wider; sides broadly arcuate ; humeral

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 449

plica and subhumeral impression very small and inconspicuous;

foveze obsolete, the inner existing only as a trace; subsutural im-

pressions wholly obsolete, the suture not elevated. Abdomen

rather convex, the first segment rather shorter, the last two

longer, than usual; fifth equal to the two preceding. Legs mod-

erate, the tarsi rather thick, the first four joints of the posterior

equal; anterior femora somewhat strongly, the four posterior

feebly, clavate. Length 0.8-0.9 mm.; width 0.3-0.35 mm.

Appalachian mountain system, from New York to northern

Georgia. This species may be known at once by its minute size,

3-jointed club, feeble modification at the base of the elytra, ab-

dominal structure and pale coloration. It is said by LeConte to

occur under pine bark, but its very convex form would suggest

the accidental nature of such a habitat. The type is a male, the

copulatory spicule being very slender and without a terminal

button.

63. C. repugmams n. sp.—Moderately stout, not very ventricose,

polished, impunctate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz

concolorous ; pubescence abundant, long, erect, coarse, pale and conspicuous

on the elytra. Head nearly as long as wide, parabolic behind, the eyes

moderately large, rather convex and prominent ; front feebly concave ; clypeus

long and well developed, coarsely and sparsely setose, the apical margin trans-

versely rectilinear, with a small but distinct and equilaterally triangular

median tooth. Antenne distinctly less than 144 as long as the body, only

moderately slender, the club somewhat abrupt but elongate and paler in color;

second joint stout and but feebly obconic, scarcely 7g longer than wide,

distinctly shorter than the next two but much thicker ; three to six equal in

width ; third and sixth equal and quadrate ; fourth and fifth slightly longer

than wide and about equal; seventh 14 wider and ¥4 longer than the sixth,

parallel, with arcuate sides, slightly longer than wide ; eighth fully 7 wider

than the seventh, oval, truncate at base, fully as long as wide ; ninth and tenth

very nearly equal and scarcely visibly wider than the eighth, both fully as long

as wide ; eleventh not thicker, gradually acutely and obliquely conicfrom the

middle, scarcely as long as the two preceding. Prothorax conic with slightly

arcuate sides, nearly as long as wide ; apex rather more than 14 as wide as the

base, which is fully 44 wider than the head ; surface strongly impressed

transversely near the base, the impression not interrupted at the middle.

Elytra long, % longer than wide, much more than twice as long as the

prothorax and about *, wider, with the sides very broadly and evenly arcuate,

widest before the middle ; humeral plica long and very strong, the subhumeral

impression rather large and conspicuous ; foveze small but distinct ; subsutural

impressions very strong, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead scarcely

at all expanded at base. Abdomen with the first segment widely overlapping

the next, arcuate at apex and with a very deep pale coriaceous border, which is

450 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

apparently composed of evenly contiguous flat parallel scales ; intercoxal pro-

cess acutely triangular. Legs well developed, the femoraall strongly elavate ;

tarsi slender, the basal joint of the posterior as long as the next two.

Length 1.65 mm. ; width 0.7 mm.

Texas (Austin).

A rather large and distinct species, which may be distinguished

from any other of the present section by the small but pro-

nounced median tooth of the clypeus; this tooth is not elongate,

however, as in the first section of the genus, but is equilateral

and triangular. It may be known from any of the larger species

of the first group of the genus by the strongly impressed prono-

tum. A single female specimen.

64. C. calcaratum n. sp.—Stout and ventricose, polished and impunc-

tate, black throughout, the legs and antennz rufo-testaceous; pubescence

abundant, long, erect, rather coarse, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head

well developed, nearly as long as wide, circularly rounded behind, the eyes

rather small but convex and somewhat prominent; antennal prominences dis-

tinct, the front concave between them; clypeus somewhat setose, perfectly even

and rectilinear at apex, without trace of median tooth or other modification.

Antenne barely 14 as long as the body, slender, the club somewhat gradually

formed; second joint feebly obconic, fully 14 longer than wide, as long as the

next twoand distinctly thicker; three to six equal in width and feebly ob-

conic in form; third but little longer than wide; fourth and sixth fully 4, the

fifth 14, longer than wide;seventh cylindric, as long as the sixthand }¢ wider,

a little longer than wide; eighth longer and nearly 14 wider than the seventh;

distinctly longer than wide, rounded at apex; ninth fully 44 wider than the

preceding, conic in apical half, about as long as wide; tenth slightly wider,

similar inform, not quite 1; wider than long; eleventh much stouter, obliquely,

pointed, rather shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax strongly conic with

feebly arcuate sides, not quite as long as wide, rather small; apex more than

1 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 14 wider than the head; surface per-

fectly even, convex and without trace of transverse impression. /ytra short,

oval, obtusely ogival behind, barely 15 longer than wide, much more than

twice as long as the prothorax and very nearly twice as wide, widest but

slightly before the middle, the sides broadly and evenly arcuate; humeral

plica small and moderately elevated, the impression small, basal and incon-

spicuous; foveze feeble; subsutural impressions barely traceable and near the

base; suture perfectly even, not elevated and without the slightest trace of

basal bead. Abdomen with the first segment broadly arcuate and narrowly

pale and coriaceous at apex, overlapping the next. Legs long; femora rather

strongiy clavate, more particularly the anterior; tarsi long and filiform.

Length 1.3.mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Virginia (southwestern).

This is one of the most isolated species of the genus, and may

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 451

be known at once by its black color with pale legs, unimpressed

pronotum, rather small eyes, inflated elytra with feeble ‘basal

modifications, slender and elongate antennal funicle, and by the

greatly developed tibial spur of the male, this being oblique and

perfectly straight, gradually tapering throughout the length, and.

fully ?.as long as the tarsus. The basal joint of the hind tarsi

is almost as long as the next three combined. A single example.

65. C. bifidum n. sp.—Rather stout, suboval, polished and impunctate,

piceous, the legs and antenne scarcely paler ; elytra slightly paler and more

rufous ; pubescence abundant, moderately long, rather inclined and recurved,

‘coarse and somewhat pale on the elytra. Head about as long as wide, well

‘developed, subcircular behind, the eyes rather small but convex ; front not

distinctly impressed; clypeus somewhat rugose, the apex transverse, with a

very faint and broadly rounded projection at the middle; maxillary palpi long,

flavate. Antennz slender, 14 as long as the body, the club slender and quite

gradual, incrassate; second joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, as long as

the next two and much thicker; three to six equal in width, smooth and sub-

eylindric ; third fully as long as wide; four to six nearly equal and 1 longer

than wide; seventh sculptured, 14 wider, cylindric, as long as wide; eighth

_ nearly 14 thicker, as long as wide, rounded at apex; ninth and tenth slightly

wider than the eighth and very nearly as long as wide; eleventh long, de-

cidedly thicker, fully as long as the two preceding, very obliquely and gradu-

ally conic and acutely pointed from behind the middle. Prothorax strongly

conic with very feebly arcuate sides, not quite as long as wide; apex slightly

more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than

the head; surface distinctly biimpressed transversely near the base. Elytra

nearly % longer than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax and about 44

wider, narrow at apex, widest at basal 75, the sides evenly and strongly arcu-

ate; humeral plica only moderate in length, strong at base but rapidly evanes-

cent, the subhumeral impression rather narrow and somewhat feeble but

moderately large; fovez rather strong ; subsutural impressions narrow and

very feeble, the suture not definitely beaded. Abdomen with the basal segment

fringed at apex with long and contiguous porrect and membranous scales; inter-

coxal process acute, with the angle slightly blunt. Legs well developed, the

femora strongly clavate, the posterior distinctly less so than the anterior.

Length 1.55 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.) Mr. Schmitt.

The male described above serves as the type of a species allied

in general to capillosulum, but with very much feebler subhumeral

modifications of the elytra. It is rendered very distinct by the

conformation of the terminal hind tibial spur of the male, which

is slender and oblique as usnal, scarcely half as long as the tarsus

and bifurcated from about the middle, the diverging angle being

452 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

small and the inner ramus more slender than the outer; there

is also a long and slender seta attached to the spur near its base

and equalling it in length.

66. C. mutilans n. sp.—Moderately stout, suboval, polished and im-

punctate, piceous-black, the elytra, legs and antenne dark rufous; pubescence

moderately abundant, rather long and suberect but stiff, pale, and to some

extent recurved on the elytra. Head, clypeus and antenne nearly as in:

bifidum, the last joint of the latter, however, less developed. Prothorax conic

with the sides feebly arcuate, about as long as wide ; apex rather more than

1g as wide as the base, the latter fully 14 wider than the head ; surface rather

feebly biimpressed near the base, the impression confined to the median parts.

of the disk as in bifidum. Elytra % longer than wide, distinctly more than

twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 34 wider, widest before the middle,

the sides very broadly and evenly arcuate ; humeral plica large, long and con-

spicuous, the subhumeral impression long and very pronounced; fovee distinct;.

subsutural impressions narrow and moderate, the suture elevated and strongly

beaded basally, the bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the first segment-

fringed at apex with membranous scales. Legs well developed, the femora.

moderately clavate, the anterior more strongly. Length 1.35 mm.; width.

0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania ( Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

This species is closely allied to bifidum, but is smaller, with

relatively larger prothorax and narrower elytra, much larger and

suture. It further differs in the conformation of the posterior

tibial spur of the male, this being likewise abnormal in structure.

This spur is much longer than in bifidum, being fully = as long

as the tarsus, and is split from near the base into three long

slender filaments, which become more or less contorted at their

tips. The constancy of this singular modification cannot be

stated, as I only have a single male and two females before me,,.

but it is probably variable in degree to an appreciable extent ; the

splitting of the spur into filaments is, however, in all probability

not the result of accident.

67. C. capillosulum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152°

(Scydmeenus).

Stout and rather ventricose, polished and impunctate, dark red-

brown, the elytra pale and bright red throughout; antenne dark

testaceous, the legs slightly paler; pubescence abundant, long

even, erect and somewhat pale on the elytra. Head about as long

as wide, semicircular behind the eyes, which are only moderate in

size but somewhat convex and prominent; antennal prominences

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 453

obsolete; clypeus long, even, with sparse setz, the apex not

toothed. Antenne long and slender, rather more than } as long

as the body, the club slender and rather abruptly formed ; second

joint stout, feebly obconic, 2 longer than wide, thicker but scarcely

as long as the next two; three to six equal in width, the first

three smooth, the sixth asperate like the following ; third scarcely

as long as wide; fourth just visibly longer than wide; fifth fully

4 longer than wide; sixth similar to the fourth but cylindric and

not feebly obconic in form; seventh scarcely + wider than

the sixth, distinctly longer than wide; eighth 2 wider, as long as

wide, rounded in apical half; ninth and tenth almost similar, just

visibly wider than the eighth, nearly as long as wide; eleventh

large, stouter, obliquely pointed, very nearly as long as the two

preceding. Prothorax strongly conic, with very feebly arcuate

sides, not quite as long as wide; apex 4 as wide as the base, the

latter fully 4 wider than the head ; surface distinctly biimpressed

transversely near the base. Elytra 2 longer than wide, oval,

widest only slightly before the middle, much more than twice as

long as the prothorax and 4 wider; sides strongly arcuate; apex

narrowly obtuse; humeral plica long and very strong; impres-

sion large and very conspicuous; inner fovea distinct ; subsutural

impressions very strong, the suture conspicuously and broadly

beaded basally, the bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the

basal segment fringed at tip with long hairs and short porrect

membranous scales, black, the tip rufous. Legs long, the femora

subequally and rather strongly clavate. Length 1.6 mm.; width

0.8 mm.

Massachusetts, Rhode Island (Boston Neck) and District of

Columbia, probably of wide distribution in the coastal plains of

the Atlantic region.

The description is drawn from the male, and, in that sex, the

hind tibiz have at tip a straight slender and simple spur, scarcely

half as long as the tarsus, bent obliquely outward near the base.

The female does not differ from the male except in some slight

details of antennal structure, the sixth joint, for example, being

smooth like the preceding and the club rather narrower and more

elongate.

68. C. proximum 0. sp.—Stout, highly polished and impunctate,

piceous-black, the elytra bright red; antennz piceous-brown, the legs dusky-

testaceous with the tarsi pale flavate; pubescence abundant, rather pale, long

454 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

fine erect and conspicuous on the elytra. Head as long as wide, semicircular.

behind, the eyes rather small but convex and prominent, situated just before

the middle; antennal prominences moderate, the front distinctly impressed

between them; clypeus long and well developed, the apex transversely recti-

linear, with the feeblest trace of a broadly rounded inequality at the middle but.

not toothed; maxillary palpi long and slender. Antennx slender, fully 14 as

long as the body, the club slender and very gradual in formation; second joint

obconic, scarcely 14 longer than wide, not quite as long as the next two and.

but slightly thicker; three to six equal in width, feebly obconic, the sixth

cylindric; third not quite as long as wide; fourth scarcely longer; fifth nearly

Y, longer than wide; sixth rather longer than wide; seventh 14 wider, parallel

with the sides broadly arcuate, at least 14 longer than wide; eighth scarcely

1g thicker, oval, a little longer than wide; ninth just visibly thicker than the

eighth, rather longer than wide; tenth still very slightly wider, as long as

wide; eleventh rather thicker, obliquely pointed, not quite as long as the two

preceding. Prothorax conic as usual, not quite as long as wide, with the apex

rather more than 14 as wide as the base, which is about 4 wider than the

head; surface transversely impressed near the base, the impression not dis-

tinctly interrupted at the middle. Elytra large and ample, fully 14 longer

than wide, nearly 214 times as long as the prothorax and fully #4 wider, widest

before the middle, narrow and subacute at apex, the sides evenly rounded;

humeral plica rather long and strong, the impression large; foveze deep; sub-

sutural impressions narrow, very deep and conspicuous, the suture strongly

beaded basally, the bead gradually increasing in width. Abdomen with the

basal segment overlapping the next, unevenly fringed at apex. Legs rather

long; femora moderately clavate, the anterior strongly so. Length 1.75 mm.;

width 0.8 mm.

Texas (Colorado River).

Very closely allied to capillosulum, but slightly larger and

with a still more slender and gradual antennal club, less inter-

rupted transverse impression of the pronotum, larger head,

stronger subsutural impressions, shorter tibial spur of the male

and longer hind tarsi. The tibial spur of the male is straight,

oblique, simple and very slender, and is distinctly less than half

as long as the tarsus. A single specimen. .

69. C. illustre n. sp.—Rather stout, suboval, highly polished and im-

punctate, piceous-black, the elytra bright red, rather dusky at base and on the

flanks ; legs and antenne pale reddish-brown ; pubescence abundant, long

erect pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head very nearly as long as wide,

semicircular behind, the eyes only moderately large but very convex and

prominent, near the middle ; antennal prominences feeble, the front slightly

impressed ; clypeus long and well developed, highly polished and impunctate,

the apical edge perfectly even and without trace of median modification.

Antenne more than 14 as long as the body, the club gradual and. elongate but

quite heavy ; second joint feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, not quite as

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 455

long as the next two but thicker ; next four subequal, 14 longer than wide,

the fifth 14 longer than wide ; seventh 14 wider, longer than wide; eighth 14

wider, rather longer than wide ; ninth and tenth only slightly wider than the

eighth, about as long as wide ; eleventh long, obliquely and gradually pointed,

nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothorax strongly conic with feebly

arcuate sides, about as long as wide ; apex not more than 14 as wide as the

base, the latter barely 14 wider than the head across the eyes ; surface trans-

versely and feebly impressed near the base, the impression very narrowly

interrupted. lytra long, % longer than wide, very narrowly parabolic at tip,

distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and about 34 wider, widest

at basal 7, the sides evenly rounded ; humeral plica strong but unusually

‘short, the subhumeral impression relatively small ; foveze deep ; subsutural

impressions narrow, very deep and conspicuous, the suture strongly beaded’

basally, the bead gradually expanded. Abdomen with the basal segment over-

lapping the next and with its hind edge fringed with a deep and almost solid

Membranous border, the latter apparently composed of contiguous scale-like

pieces. Legs long, the femora strongly clavate, especially the anterior.

Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

‘ Iowa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

This species is closely allied to capillosulum and proximum, but

differs from the former in its larger size, more elongate elytra,

more elongate head, which is much less broadly rounded behind

and with the eyes not larger but rather more abruptly prominent,

and, from proximum, in its larger eyes; from both it differs in

the very much smaller and less conspicuous subhumeral impres-

sion, which character will distinguish it at once. A single female

example.

The eyes, quite unexpectedly, are perceptibly larger and more

conspicuous in the female than in the male of capillosulum, and

the head is a little shorter and broader in that sex, so that in

making comparisons between these species the sex should be care-

fully noted.

_ 70. C. Lynceum. n. sp.—Moderately stout, suboval, polished, impunc-

tate, rather pale testaceous-brown, the antennz and legs nearly concolorous;

elytra pale, bright rufous; tarsi flavate; pubescence abundant, long, coarse,

erect, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head much wider than long, sub-

circularly rounded behind, the eyes very large, convex and prominent; an-

tennal prominences and frontal concavity very slight; clypeus very sparsely

setulose and with a very feeble tubercle on the surface at the middle of

the apical margin, which however does not project in the form of a tooth,

the edge broady and very feebly incurvate throughout the width. Antennz

barely 44 as long as the body, slender, the club narrow and subparallel but

rather abruptly formed; second joint feebly obconic, barely 44 longer than

wide, scarcely as long as the next two but decidedly thicker; three to six

456 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

equal in width, cylindric; third quadrate; four and six just visibly longer

than wide, the fifth obviously so; seventh barely 14 wider, parallel with the

sides feebly arcuate; fully as long as wide; eighth much longer and fully 14

wider than the seventh, as long as wide, rounded in apical third; ninth and

tenth equal, just visibly wider than the eighth and very slightly, though:

obviously, wider than long; eleventh rather thicker, very obliquely and grad--

ually pointed, nearly as long as the two preceding. Prothoraw well developed,

about as long as wide, conic with feebly arcuate sides; apex rather more than

1g as wide as the hase, the latter not quite 14 wider than the head; surface

strongly impressed transversely near the base, the impression extremely finely

interrupted at the middle. Elytra barely 7% longer than wide, distinctly more

than twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely more than %4 wider, widest-

slightly before the middle, the sides very broadly and evenly arcuate; apex

subacate; humeral plica long and rather strong, the subhumeral impression

somewhat large but shallow, the foveze deep; subsutural impressions long and.

only moderately strong, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead strongly

expanded at base. Abdomen with the basal segment broadly arcuate and

having a deep pale coriaceous border at apex. Legs well developed; femora.

rather strongly clavate, especially -the anterior; tarsi long and filiform.

Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.58 mn.

New York (Hudson Valley). Mr. H. H. Smith.

A somewhat small species, which is quite distinct by reason of

its large and prominent eyes; it can be distinguished from small

specimens of nigrum and atrum by the coloration and somewhat.

transverse penultimate joints of the antenne, and from paganum.

by the color and by its shorter and broader head with larger eyes..

It is represented before me by the female only.

71. C. Dasale Lec.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 152 (Seyd--

menus).

Not very stout, suboval, polished and impunctate, pale rufo-

testaceous throughout the body and legs, the antennz rather

darker red-brown; pubescence abundant, long, coarse, pale and

conspicuous on the elytra. Head but little wider than long, semi--

circular behind, the eyes rather small, anterior and but slightly

convex ; clypeus well developed, rectilinear and unmodified at the-

apical margin. Antenne but little longer than the head and pro-.-

thorax, the club narrow and but slightly differentiated ; second

joint feebly obconic, 2 longer than wide, fully as long as the-

next two and thicker; three to six equal in width; third and

fourth quadrate; fifth distinctly longer than wide; sixth barely

longer than wide; seventh cylindric, as long as the sixth and

scarcely 4 wider, quadrate; eighth nearly 4 wider than the sev—

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 457

enth, as long as wide; ninth and tenth subequal, but little wider

than the preceding, nearly as long as wide; eleventh as long as

the two preceding and a little thicker, obliquely pointed. Pro-

thorax well developed, conic, nearly as long as wide, with two

rather widely separated, short and transverse impressions near the

base. Elytra 2 longer than wide, only slightly more than twice

as long as the prothorax and scarcely more than } wider, broadly

arcuate at the sides, widest near basal 2; humeral plica long and

strong, the subhumeral impression large and conspicuous ; fovez

deep; subsutural impressions deep, the suture strongly beaded

basally, the bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the basal

‘segment broadly arcuate at apex, with a pale coriaceous margin

moderate in depth. Legs well developed; femora strongly and

conspicuously clavate. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Georgia and Louisiana. A rather small species, described

-above from the male, in which sex the hind tibie are provided at

tip with a short slender spur, scarcely 2 as long as the tarsus, the

latter slender and filiform.

This species may be distinguished by its rather small size, not

‘strongly inflated hind body, having the subhumeral modifications

strong, by its strongly clavate femora and other characters. It

is related most closely perhaps to longipilosum, but differs in its

larger prothorax, less inflated hind body and very much shorter

-spur of the male hind tibie.

-thicus).

Rather stout and ventricose, polished and impunctate, blackish-

piceous in color, the elytra more or less rufous, darker toward

‘tip; legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous ; pubescence abundant,

‘moderately long, suberect, ashy and conspicuous on the elytra.

Head but slightly wider than long, subparabolic behind, the eyes

‘somewhat large, convex and prominent; antennal prominences

very feeble, the frontal impression only just visible; clypeus

sparsely setulose, the apical margin perfectly even and rectilinear

‘throughout. Antenne 4 as long as the body, moderately slender,

‘the club rather strong and incrassate but gradually formed;

‘second joint strongly obconic, rather more than } longer than

wide, as long as the next two and much thicker; three to six

-equal in width and cylindric; third not quite as long as wide;

‘fourth and sixth subequal and just visibly longer than wide, the

458 Coleopterological Notices, VILLI.

fifth still longer; seventh fully + thicker and more asperate,.

cylindric, fully as long as wide; eighth 2? wider, as long as wide;

ninth and tenth equal, but slightly thicker than the eighth and as

long as wide; eleventh notably thicker, very obliquely and gradu-

ally pointed and as long as the two preceding. Prothorax

moderate in size, conic with distinctly arcuate sides; apex fully

3 as wide as the base, which is scarcely more than + wider than

the head ; surface strongly and uninterruptedly impressed trans-

versely near the base. LEHlytra scarcely 2 longer than wide, dis-

tinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and fully = wider,.

narrowly rounded behind, widest at basal 2, the sides broadly and

evenly arcuate; humeral plica long and very strong; subhumeral

impression large, deep and conspicuous ; fovez deep; subsutural

impressions deep and distinct; suture strongly beaded basally,

the bead expanded rather gradually at base. Abdomen with the

basal segment very feebly arcuate, overlapping the next and

fringed at apex with distinct porrect membranous scales. Legs.

long, the femora all rather strongly clavate. Length 1.3 mm.;

width 0.6 mm.

Illinois (northern). The terminal spur of the hind tibiz in the

male is straight, oblique, bent at base, simple and slender and is

not quite half as long as the tarsus. The description is taken

from the male, but the female does not differ observably. Two

specimens.

This species differs from paganum in the longer antennal club,

with the penultimate joint not transverse, and from nigrum in its.

smaller size and relatively much larger subhumeral impression.

It agrees throughout with the original description of Anthicus

politus of Say, the position of which has been so long in doubt.

73. C. longipilosum n. sp.—Moderately stout, highly polished and im-

punctate, red-brown, the antenne concolorous ; elytra and legs throughout

pale testaceous ; pubescence abundant, rather fine, pale, very long, erect and

conspicuous on the elytra. Head only slightly wider than long, broadly para-

bolic behind the eyes, which are rather small and only moderately prominent ;

antennal prominences large and very feeble ; clypeus long and well developed,

flat toward tip, with a few fine setigerous punctures, the apical edge perfectly

even and without trace of median protuberance. Antenne rather slender, 14

as long as the body, the club narrow and gradual in formation ; second joint

very feebly obconic, fully 4% longer than wide, rather longer than the next

two and distinctly wider ; three to six equal in width, smooth and cylindric ;

third distinctly wider than long ; fourth nearly as long as wide; fifth and

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 459

sixth equal and fully as long as wide; seventh 14 wider, cylindric and

rougher, slightly longer than wide ; eighth not more than 4 wider than the

seventh, fully as long as wide or a little longer ; ninth and tenth equal in

width and about 14 wider than the eighth, very nearly as long as wide and

almost 1g wider than long respectively; eleventh somewhat thicker, long, very

obliquely and gradually pointed and rather longer than the two preceding.

Prothorax conic with very feebly arcuate sides, as long as wide; apex rather

more than 44 as wide as the base, the latter fully 14 wider than the head ;

surface with two approximate and distinct transverse impressions near the

base. Elytra 75 longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the

prothorax and +4 wider, gradually narrowly parabolic at apex, widest before

the middle, the sides very evenly arcuate throughout ; humeral plica long,

strong and conspicuous, the impression large and deep ; fovez distinct ; sub-

sutural impressions rather well marked, the suture narrowly beaded basally,

the bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the first segment overlapping the

next and having a short fringe of hairs and scattered membranous scales.

Legs well developed, the anterior femora rather strongly, the four posterior

much less strongly, clavate. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male described above has the spur of the hind tibiae slen-

der, perfectly straight and simple, oblique in direction, being

bent abruptly at base and is notably long, being rather more than

2 as long as the tarsus. The species may be readily known not

only by this character, but by its rather elongate elytra, strongly

modified at the humeri, long pubescence, pale coloration and

other characters. The last two segments of the abdomen are

still paler as usual. Several specimens.

74. C. lacunosum 0n. sp.—Rather stout, polished, impunctate, very

dark piceo-rufous, the entire elytra slightly paler and dark rufous; antennz

dark red-brown, the legs rather paler, rufous ; pubescence moderately abun-

dant, long coarse erect and pale on the elytra. Head well developed, slightly

wider than long, subcireular behind, the eyes rather large, convex and promi-

nent ; antennal prominences almost obsolete, the front not definitely impressed ;

clypeus even, the apex rectilinearly transverse, without trace of median pro-

jection. Antennz only slightly longer than the head and prothorax, rather

slender but with the club pronounced and rather abrupt ; second joint feebly

obconic, nearly 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two and thicker ;

three to six equal in width, not quite as long as wide, the fifth as long as

wide ; seventh 14 wider than the sixth, not as long as wide; eighth #¢ wider

than the seventh, 14 wider than long; ninth 44 wider than the preceding,

broadly spherical in apical half, 2g wider than long, the tenth almost similar

but just visibly wider and nearly 1g wider than long ; eleventh paler, slightly

thicker,’ as long as the two preceding, very obliquely pointed at apex.

Prothoraz rather small, distinctly shorter than wide, strongly conic with the

sides feebly arcuate ; apex about 1g as wide as the base, which is nearly 1¢

460 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

wider than the head; surface very feebly impressed transversely near the base.

Elytra 14% longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the

prothorax and 4¢ wider, widest only slightly before the middle, narrowly

parabolic at apex, the sides strongly and almost evenly arcuate ; humeral plica

long and very strong, the subhumeral impression large, deep and conspicuous;

foveze deep; subsutural impressions feeble and indistinct, the suture finely but

distinctly beaded basally, the bead rapidly and strongly expanded at base.

Abdomen with the basal segment nearly transverse at apex, having the margin

fringed densely with a short porrect and subdivided membranous border.

Legs well developed, the femora strongly and subequally clavate. Length

1.35mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The two specimens before me are both females, but the species

can readily be distinguished from capzllosulum, and other allied

forms, by its smaller size, shorter, coarser and less abundant

elytral vestiture, much shorter antenne with transverse penul-

timate joints, and by the very faint transverse impression of the

pronotum. ;

75. C. filitarse n. sp.—Somewhat narrowly oval, polished and impunc-

tate, dark testaceous, the entire elytra, legs and antennz uniform and paler

testaceous; pubescence rather sparse, long, coarse, pale, erect, and conspicuous,

though decidedly sparse, on the elytra. Head as long as wide, broadly para-

bolic behind, the eyes only moderately large but very convex and prominent;

front distinctly and narrowly concave between the feeble antennal prominences;

clypeus smooth and polished, rectilinear at apex, with the feeblest possible

rounded inequality for a short distance at the middle. Antennz slender,

about 14 as long as the body, the club narrow and very gradual in formation;

second joint much shorter than the first, about #, longer than wide, as long as

the next two and much thicker; three to six equal in width, cylindric; third

not quite as long as wide; fourth quadrate; fifth and sixth subequal and just

visibly longer than wide; seventh cylindric, }4 thicker and 14 longer than the

sixth, rather longer than wide; eighth scarcely % thicker than the seventh,

subglobular, fully as long as wide; ninth and tenth slightly but distinctly

wider, the latter slightly the shorter and very little wider than long; eleventh

slightly thicker than the two preceding and nearly as long, obtusely pointed

and scarcely at all oblique at tip. Prothorax well developed, nearly as long as

wide, conic with slightly arcuate sides; apex 34 as wide as the base, which is

rather more than 14 wider than the head; surface transversely and rather

strongly impressed near the base, the impression feebly interrupted at the

middle. lytra long, 7% longer than wide, much more than twice as long as

the prothorax and 94 wider, widest near hasal third, the sides broadly arcuate;

apex narrow; humeral plica moderate in length but strongly elevated, the

subhumeral impression deep and rather large; foveze deep; subsutural impres-

sions rather deep and distinct, the suture however scarcely at all modified.

Abdomen with the basal segment simple and scarcely at all modified at apex,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 461

the process triangular. Legs moderate, the femora moderately clevate; hind

tarsi long and slender, the basal joint as long as the next three. Length 1.25

‘mm.; width 0.5 mm.

North Carolina.

This species is somewhat aberrant in its nearly simple basal

segment of the abdomen. It may be recognized by the narrowly

oval form, rather sparse and coarse elytral vestiture and other

characters. The single male in my cabinet has the terminal spur

of the hind tibiz rather stout, straight and somewhat more than

half as long as the tarsus.

76. C. atrum nu. sp.—Stout and ventricose, polished and impunctate,

black throughout, the antennz dark red-brown ; legs piceous-black, the tarsi

pale; pubescence abundant, long, fine, erect’ and rather dark in color on the

‘elytra. Head distinctly wider than long, circularly rounded behind, the eyes

-only moderate in size though convex ; antennal prominences large and rather

-strong, the front concave between Fn: ; clypeus long, even, feebly asperate,

the apex rectilinear, with an exceedingly es and broadly rounded median

projection. Antennz slender but rather short, not 14 as long as the body, the

-elub pronounced though not very abrupt and distinctly incrassate ; second

joint very feebly obconic, % longer than wide, barely as long as the next two

-and distinctly thicker ; three to six subequal, smooth, the third as long as

wide ; four to six somewhat longer ; seventh but slightly wider, cylindric, as

long as wide; eighth nearly 14 wider than the seventh, as long as wide,

rounded in nearly apical half ; ninth almost 1g wider than the eighth and dis-

‘tinctly wider than long; tenth similar to the ninth in form but somewhat

larger ; eleventh large, thicker, as long as the preceding two, roughly sculp-

tured, gradually and very obliquely pointed ; eight to ten each with a whorl

-of short, stout porrect sete beyond the middle. Prothorax small, strongly

-conie with nearly straight sides, not quite as long as wide ; apex a little more

than 144 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than the

head ; surface strongly biimpressed transversely near the base. Elytra large,

1g longer than wide, nearly 244 times as long as the prothorax and very nearly

‘twice as wide, strongly arcuate at the sides and rapidly pointed behind, widest

-only slightly before the middle ; humeral plica long and strong, the subhumeral

‘impression large, very deep ail conspicuous ; foveze deep ; subsutural im-

pressions long and rather vague, the basal bead of the elytra ill-defined and

‘thick. Abdomen with the basal segment large, overlapping the next, with its

‘hind margin broadly arcuate and fringed densely with long and close-set

-submembranous scales. Legs well developed, the femora rather strongly

-clavate, the anterior distinctly more so than the others. Length 1.6 mm.;

width 0.8 mm. a

Pennsylvania.

The single type is a male, having the terminal spur of the hind

tibie rather more than half as long as the tarsus, straight and

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, May, 1897.—31.

462 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

oblique, bent at base and simple. The abdomen is rufous at tip.

This species is allied closely to capillosulum, but differs in its

shorter antenne, minutely subdentate clypeus, deep black color,

smaller prothorax and relatively larger elytra.

77. C. pertimax n. sp.—Rather stout and ventricose, polished and im-

punctate, black, the elytra feebly picescent in a strong light ; legs rufo-testa-

ceous, the femora blackish ; antennz red-brown ; pubescence rather abundant,

coarse, pale, rather short and recurved, but even and without intermixed setze

on the elytra. Head much wider than long, broadly rounded behind, the eyes.

quite large, very convex and prominent ; front scarcely impressed ; clypeus.

with a few setigerous punctures, perfectly even and rectilinear at apex.

Antennx slender, about 14 as long as the body, the club narrow, feebly in-

crassate and gradual in formation; second joint obconic, slender, a little shorter

than the first, as long as the next two and thicker, nearly % longer than wide ;.

three to six equal in width ; third, fourth and sixth subequal and about as long.

as wide, the fifth a little longer, the sixth asperulate ; seventh 14 wider, quad-

rate ; eighth scarcely 7g wider than the seventh, subglobular, nearly as long as.

wide ; eighth to tenth increasing very slightly and gradually in width ; ninth

about as long as wide, the tenth a little shorter ; eleventh decidedly thicker,

obliquely pointed, as long as the two preceding. Prothorax small, conic, not.

as long as wide ; apex 36 as wide as the base, the Jatter scarcely more than 14

wider than the head ; surface strongly, transversely impressed near the base,

the impression not thoroughly interrupted at the middle. lytra relatively

large, oval, widest before the middle with very evenly arcuate sides, 14 longer

than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax and about twice as wide ;

humeral plica rather large and strong, the corresponding impression somewhat:

narrow but deep and conspicuous ; fovez deep ; subsutural impressions rather

strong, the suture finely but strongly beaded basally, the bead expanded at:

base. Abdomen with the basal segment large, overlapping the next, arcuate

and fringed with coarse porrect separated hairs at apex. Legs well developed,

the femora moderately clavate ; tarsi slender, the basal joint of the posterior

about as long as the next two. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.48 mm.

Canada (Ottawa). Mr. W. H. Harrington.

One of the smallest species of this section of the genus and

readily identifiable by the small prothorax, rather large and

prominent eyes, blackish coloration and by the form of the spur

terminating the hind tibiz in the male, this being unusually short,

not quite a third as long as the tarsus and contorted toward tip;

it is however simple in structure and very finely acuminate.

The description is drawn from the male, but the female does not

differ, except in being a trifle less stout and with a still narrower

antennal club. Two specimens.

78. C. pallidipes n. sp.—Rather stout and ventricose, polished and

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 463

bescence abundant, rather coarse and pale, suberect and moderately long on

the elytra. Head slightly wider than long, almost semicircular behind the

eyes, which are moderately large and somewhat prominent ; antennal promi-

nences feeble, the front only very slightly impressed ; clypeus somewhat

asperate, the apical edge even and without trace of median tooth. Antennz

rather stout, slightly longer than the head and prothorax, the club strong and

abruptly formed ; second joint feebly obconic, not quite 14 longer than wide,

barely as long as the next two but much thicker ; three to five subequal,,

cylindric and not quite as long as wide ; sixth rather wider, with the inner

side a little shorter than the outer, almost as long as wide ; seventh scarcely 14

wider than the sixth, cylindric and almost symmetrical, 2 wider than long ;.

eighth 44 wider than the seventh, not quite as long as wide ; ninth and tenth

darker in color, nearly similar in form, about 1g wider than long, 4 and

nearly 1g wider than the eighth respectively ; eleventh much stouter, oval,

gradually very obliquely pointed, fully as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax conic with feebly arcuate sides, not as long as wide ; apex nearly 3%

as wide as the base, the latter scarcely more than 14 wider than the head ; sur-

face distinctly biimpressed transversely near the base. lytra 14 longer than

wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax and more than #

wider, pointed at tip, widest well before the middle, the sides rather strongly

arcuate ; humeral plica moderate in length, narrow and strong, the adjacent

impression long, deep and conspicuous ; foveee and subsutural impressions

extremely feeble, the suture beaded only at the extreme base. Abdomen with

the first segment broadly arcuate at apex and overlapping the next, the edge

fringed with long but simple porrect hairs. Legs moderate ; anterior femora

strongly, the four posterior rather feebly, clavate. Length 1.2 mm.; width

0.55.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

A small but distinct species, to be recognized at once by its

black color, rather strongly inflated elytra with strong subhu-

meral modifications, and by the distinctly clavate antenne. The

maxillary palpi are rather short. Several specimens.

The male, which serves as the type of the description, has the

usual slender terminal tibial spur of the present group. It is

simple and rather short, not quite half as long as the tarsus. The

tip of the abdomen is paler as usual.

79. C. migrum on. sp.—Rather stout, suboval, highly polished and im-

punctate, black throughout, the legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous ; pubes-

cence abundant, long, erect, rather coarse and somewhat pale on the elytra.

Head well developed, as long as wide, rather narrowly parabolic behind the

moderately large and prominent eyes ; antennal prominences feeble; clypeus

long, polished, smooth, very sparsely setose, the apical edge rectilinear and

even. Antennx long and slender, more than 14 as long as the body, the club

narrow, elongate and gradually formed ; second joint very stout, narrowed at

464 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

base, scarcely more than 1g longer than wide, not as long as the next two and

very decidedly thicker ; three to six equal in width, cylindric ; third quad-

rate ; fourth and sixth %, the fifth nearly 14, longer than wide; seventh almost

Y wider than the sixth, fully as long as wide, finely beaded at base ; eighth

2¢ wider than the seventh, fully as long as wide ; ninth and tenth subequal

and but little wider, fully as long as wide ; eleventh long, obliquely and

gradually pointed, rather thicker but not quite as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax rather small, nearly as long as wide, strongly conic with distinctly

arcuate sides ; apex narrow, not more than 14 as wide as the base, the latter

nearly 14 wider than the head ; surface distinctly biimpressed transversely

near the base. LElytra 2 longer than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax

and nearly 44 wider, widest near basal ?¢, acutely rounded behind, the sides

broadly arcuate ; humeral plica rather long and strong, the impression dis-

tinct ; foveze deep ; subsutural impressions narrow and feeble, the suture finely

and not very strongly beaded basally, the bead feebly expanding at base. <Ab-

domen with the first segment widely overlapping the next, and with a very

minutely fringed coriaceous hind margin. Legs long, the femora all strongly

clavate, the posterior only slightly less so. Length 1.6mm. ; width 0.68 mm.

Michigan.

The description is drawn from the female, which is the only

sex which I have been able to examine; the species is rather

closely allied to atrum, but is notably narrower in the body,

with much less developed humeral plica and subhumeral impres-

sion, longer antennz with less abruptly formed club, much paler

legs and other characters of minor weight. The type was com-

municated by Mr. J. Croissandeau.

80. C. paganumna n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, polished, im-

punctate, black throughout, the elytra with a feeble rufo-piceous tinge, the

legs and antennze pale rufo-testaceous; pubescence rather abundant, erect,

coarse, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head quite distinctly wider than

long, subcircular behind, the eyes rather large, convex and prominent ; an-

tennal prominences small but distinct, the front concave ; clypeus with strengly

setigerous punctures, the apical margin rectilinear but interrupted at the middle

by a minute and very broady rounded feeble projection. Antennz moderate,

not quite 14 as long as the body, slender, the club distinct but gradual ; sec-

ond joint long, very feebly obconic, 34 longer than wide, fully as long as the

next two and. but slightly thicker ; three to five subequal, cylindric, rather

longer than wide; sixth only just visibly wider and not quite as long as

wide; seventh 14 wider, 14 wider than long and more asperate; eighth

searcely 1g thicker, not quite as long-as wide ; ninth and tenth equal in width

and 4¢ wider than the eighth, 4% and about 2 wider than long respect-

ively ; eleventh a little thicker, obliquely and gradually pointed, somewhat

longer than the two preceding. Prothorax moderately large, nearly as long as

wide ; apex nearly 34 as wide as the base, the latter scarcely 14 wider than the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 465

head ; surface strongly, transversely impressed near the base, the impression

not definitely interrupted at the middle. Elytra 24 longer than wide, evenly

oval, narrowly rounded at apex, much more than twice as long as the pro-

thorax and very nearly twice as wide, widest at basal 2; sides broadly

arcuate ; humeral plica distinct and moderatly long, the attendant impression

moderate in size but deep at base ; foveze distinct ; subsutural impressions

very conspicuous, the suture strongly beaded basally, the bead strongly ex-

panded at base. Abdomen with the first segment widely overlapping the next

and having a deep pale coriaceous hind margin. Legs well developed, the

femora moderately clavate. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania (locality unknown).

This species, which is represented by the female only, is some-

what similar in appearance to nigrum and atrum, but differs from

‘both in its smaller size and distinctly transverse penultimate

joint of the antenne; the subhumeral impression is nearly as in

nigrum, and is decidedly less developed than in atrum; the head

is relatively wider, more broadly rounded at base and with some-

what larger eyes than in nigrum.

81. C. limatum n. sp.—Not very stout, highly polished and impunctate,

dark rufo-testaceous, the antennze concolorous; elytra blackish-piceous through -

out. paler at apex from diaphaneity ; legs dark red-brown, the tarsi flavate;

pubescence abundant, long, erect and pale on the elytra. Head slightly wider

than long, parabolic behind, the eyes quite large, prominent and conspicuous ;

antennal prominences feeble, the front feebly impressed ; clypeus slighty ru-

gose, rectilinear at apex, with a very minute, broadly triangular and incon-

spicuous median projection. Antenne barely }¢ as long as the body, the club

rather narrow and somewhat gradual in formation but distinct ; second joint

stout, feebly obconic, #4 longer than wide, as long as the next two and much

thicker ; three to six equal in width; third distinctly shorter than wide ;

fourth and sixth as long as wide ; fifth slightly longer ; seventh fully 14 wider,

with a fine basal bead, 14 wider than long; eighth fully 2 wider than the

seventh, as long as wide; ninth and tenth very nearly equal, a little wider

than the eighth, scarcely 14 wider than long; eleventh somewhat thicker,

long, very gradually, obliquely and finely pointed, fully as long as the two

preceding. Prothorax well developed, scarcely as long as wide, conic ; apex

about 3% as wide as the base, the latter nearly 14 wider than the head ; sur-

face strongly impressed transversely near the base, the impression scarcely in-

terrupted. lytra rather long, oval, widest only slightly before the middle,

narrow at apex, %¢ longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long as the

prothorax and about %4 wider ; sides broadly, evenly arcuate ; humeral plica

long and strong, the impression large and deep ; fovez deep ; subsutural im-

pressions very long and rather vague, the suture strongly beaded basally, the

bead expanded at base. Abdomen with the first segment overlapping the next

and fringed with a deep porrect submembranous border at apex. Legs long ;

femora rather strongly clavate, especially the anterior. Length 1.5 mm.;

width 0.65 mm.

466 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

Allied to capillosulum, but much narrower and less ventricose

and differing in coloration. The blackish elytra with pale an-

terior parts is a form of coloration which is very rare in the

genus, and known to me otherwise only in nigripenne, which does

not belong to this division. Limatwm is represented before me -

by a single female example.

82. C. pumilum n. sp.—Moderately stout and but slightly ventricose,

polished and impunctate, piceous-black, the elytra rufo-testaceous, legs and

antennz pale rufous; pubescence abundant, coarse, pale, rather short and

recurved but without longer setz on the elytra. Head slightly wider than

long, broadly subcircular behind, the eyes only moderate in size and not very

prominent; front feebly concave; clypeus perfectly even and transversely recti-

linear at apex. Antenne nearly 14 as long as the body, slender, the club nar-

row but incrassate and somewhat abruptly formed; second joint obconic, 4

longer than wide, as long as the next two and much thicker; three to six equal

in width and smooth, the seventh and following rougher; eighth to eleventh

paler in color; third and sixth subequal and about as long as wide; fourth and

fifth nearly equal and just visibly longer; seventh just visibly thicker, nearly

as long as wide; eighth fully 24 wider than the seventh, only slightly nar-

rowed at base, fully as long as wide; ninth 14 and tenth nearly 14 wider than

the eighth, 1g and 7 wider than long respectively; eleventh distinctly stouter,

obliquely pointed in ogive, about as long as the two preceding. Prothorax

rather well developed but not as long as wide, conic with the sides broadly

arcuate; apex a little more than 144 as wide as the base, which is scarecly more

than 14 wider than the head; surface strongly biimpressed transversely near

the base. Elytra but slightly more than 1g longer than wide, much more

than twice as long as the prothorax and about #5 wider, widest but slightly

before the middle, the sides broadly arcuate; apex acutely rounded; humeral

plica moderate in length, strong and distinct, the adjacent impression deep

and rather conspicuous; foveze deep; subsutural impressions strong, the suture

with a distinct bead which is expanded at base. Abdomen with the basal

segment broadly arcuate at apex, overlapping the next and fringed with

coarse porrect and separated hairs. Legs moderate, the anterior femora very

strongly, the four posterior much less strongly, clavate; tarsi rather short and

somewhat compressed, the basal joint of the posterior distinctly shorter than

the next two combined. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

New York (Hudson Valley); Canada (Ottawa); Iowa (lowa

City).

This species may be recognized at once in the present group

by its very small size, and unusually short basal joint of the hind

tarsi. The terminal spur of the hind tibiz in the male is very

slender but nearly straight, and is scarcely a third as long as the

tarsus. Several specimens.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 467

SMICROPHUS nz. gen.

In general organization the two minute species constituting

this genus are intimately allied to Euconnus; but they have two

charaeters which cannot be harmonized with any variation of that

complex, and I have therefore been obliged to separate them.

The head is far exserted as in Euconnus, but the eyes are large,

very prominent and situated at the middle of the sides. The other

character is quite extraordinary in the present group, though

common in the EKumicrini, and resides in the fact that the met-

episternum is broadly visible at the sides of the body. In Eu-

connus it frequently happens that this piece is exposed by acci-

dent, if the elytra be not placed closely against the body, but

here it appears to be a true exposure and cannot be entirely ac-

counted for in that way.

_ The head is usually small, and, while both the head and elytra

are glabrous, the prothorax bristles with unusually developed stiff

spiculesand hairs. The elytra, legs and palpi are as in Euconnus,

and the pronotum has two feeble subbasal fovez near the middle

but is otherwise unmodified. The hind coxe are moderately sepa-

rated and the mesosternum rather feebly carinate. The antenne

are moderate in length and have a 4-jointed club.

The two species may be separated by the following characters :—

Black throughout, larger, the elytra more inflated; head less minute, the eyes

relatively smaller, separated on the vertex by twice their own length.

1 leviceps

Black, the elytra dull rufous; head very small, the eyes relatively larger,

separated on the vertex by about 44 more than their own length; antennal

PLOMInences MOTE EVIAENL............... ce cece eee ececeeecneeeeee cee nes 2 evanescens

In distribution this genus is confined as far as known to the

regions east of the Rocky Mountains, but there is a bare possi-

bility that it may be very nearly identical with the form sepa-

rated by Mr. Croissandeau (Ann. Fr., 1893, p. 225) under the name

Microscydmus.

1. S. leviceps n. sp.—Rather stout and pyriform, polished, impunctate,

black throughout ; legs and antennz rufo-testaceous, the club of the latter

-dusky ; head and elytra glabrous, the former with a long seta immediately be-

hind each eye and another above the point of antennal insertion, and the latter

with a series of three or four erect setze near inner third and one or two exterior

to this ; prothorax bristling on the flanks with numerous stiff erect hairs and

‘spicules, which are fine on the disk anteriorly and nearly wanting posteriorly.

468 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Head small, fully as long as wide, the eyes large, prominent, at the middle of

the sides, the occiput rounded at base, becoming less broadly rounded behind

the eyes ; antennal prominences very feeble or subobsolete, the cavities rather

widely separated on the declivous front ; clypeus normal, rectilinearly trun-

cate ; labrum large ; maxillary palpi normal. Antennz as long as the head and

prothorax, rather slender, the club narrow but very abrupt and parallel ;

second joint nearly as long as the first but much narrower, feebly obconie, as-

long as the next two and much thicker, scarcely 14 longer than wide ; three to:

six cylindric and subequal in width, the fifth rather more swollen; third fully,

the fourth and sixth not quite, as longas wide; fifth very little longer than

wide ; seventh only very slightly wider than the sixth, parallel, fully as long

as wide or rather longer; eighth fully 14 wider, as long as wide, feebly obconic;.

ninth and tenth just visibly wider, 14 and nearly 14 wider than long ; eleventh

not thicker, obliquely pointed, not more than 144 longer than the tenth.

Prothorax about as long as wide, % wider than the head, the sides feebly

arcuate and convergent nearly throughout anteriorly, but parallel near the

base ; surface smooth, with two feeble median fovez near the base which are

connected by a feeble impression ; disk without lateral foveze or basal modifica-

tion. Llytra short, oval, 14 longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the

prothorax and 34 wider, oval, widest only slightly before the middle, the sides-

strongly, evenly arcuate throughout the length ; apexacutely ogival ; humeral

plica and impression obsolete ; basal foveze small and feeble ; subsutural im-

pressions obsolescent, the suture not beaded or modified toward base. Legs

slender, the femora subequally and only moderately clavate. Length 0.8 mm. ;

width 0.36 mm.

Iowa (Iowa City). Mr Wickham.

The abdomen is generally retired considerably within the

elytra at the sides, the flanks of the elytra being very deep. The:

posterior tarsi are of normal structure, filiform, with the first.

three joints equal, the fourth a little shorter. No sexual marks.

are discoverable in the two specimens before me.

2. S. evamescens n. sp.—Rather stout, only feebly ventricose, polished!

and impunctate, black, the elytra dark brownish-rufous, with the suture nar-

rowly blackish ; legs and antennz testaceous, the club of the latter dusky;:

head and elytra glabrous, with a few isolated setz as in the preceding species;.

prothorax densely bristling with unusually coarse hairs and slender spicules.

on the flanks and apical parts of the disk, the disk broadly and completely

glabrous toward base. Head very small, barely as long as wide, the eyes very

large, convex, prominent, coarsely faceted and situated at the middle of the

length ; occiput broadly rounded behind them, the tempora short and oblique;

vertex flattened ; antennal prominences small and feeble; clypeus simple.

Antennez slender, as long as the head and prothorax, the club rather narrow

and parallel but very abrupt ; second joint slightly shorter and thinner than

the first, oval, barely 24 longer than wide, as long as the next two and dis-

tinctly thicker ; three to seven equal in width, cylindric ; third and fourth

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 469

equal, quadrate ; sixth but little longer ; fifth and seventh about 14 longer

than wide ; eight to ten and basal 24 of the eleventh regularly obtrapezoidal;

eighth 44 wider than the seventh and as long as wide ; ninth and tenth just

visibly wider, 14 and 7 wider than long ; eleventh with the basal trapezoid

exactly equal to the tenth, the apex very abruptly narrowed and briefly acute.

Prothorax subparallel, abruptly narrowed at apex, scarcely as long as wide,

about 34 wider than the head ; surface with two small and rather feeble fovee

near the base, the transverse impression between them almost obsolete. Elytra

widest at about the middle, narrowed only very slightly thence to the base, 14

longer than wide, not twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 14 wider,

oblique at the sides behind, the apex subacute; humeral plica and impression ob-

solete ; foveze nearly obsolete, represented only by the basal depression ; sub-

sutural impressions very feebly traceable, the suture feebly and broadly

elevated near the extreme base. Legs slender, the femora feebly clavate.

Length 0.7 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Florida.

Allied evidently to the preceding but differing in its smaller

size, much smaller, less inflated and paler elytra, more bristling

pronotum, especially the median parts anteriorly, and in nume-

rous other characters. The single specimen before me gives no

external indication of sex.

ScyDM45NINI.

The substitution by Reitter of Cyrtoscydmus Mots., for Seyd-

menus Lat. (auct.), does not appear to be warranted, although it

should be stated that the original literature of the subject is not

fully accessible to me at present. In looking over the article on

Scydmeenidee in the “ Analecta Entomologica” of Schaum, I can

discover only two species which had been previously referred to by

Latreille. One of these is godartt, which was originally described

and named by that author, and therefore, in all probability, in-

tended by him to be the type of his genus Scydmeenus, and the

other an identification of the Fabrician hellwigi, which, accord-

ing to Schaum, was not hellwigi at all but the species afterwards

named tarsatus by Muller. If the literature quoted by Schaum

is complete, the case is therefore clearly determinable in favor of

the present identification of Scydmenus.

The Scydmeenini comprise two genera within our limits as

follows :—

‘Body ventricose ; prothorax cordiform, the pronotum impressed, foveate or

PUP OSEIA LEE DASE Seep oninie chic wcwsennecnitec telsesie pe css tens eisin re ableaarciee ob Scydmzenus

Body linear ; prothorax obovoidal, the pronotum wholly devoid of fovezx or

sculpture of any kind................ Fee ee aero cacacestedigne sme sdaesenoaies Catalinus

470 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Catalinus is represented by a single species peculiar to the Pa-

cific coast fauna. Scydmeenus is abundant in species and dis-

tributed about equally over both slopes of the continent.

The European Neuraphes is closely allied to Scydmenus, but

differs in having the fovez at the base of the elytra spongiose and

not nude, and therefore forms a transition to the Cephenniini.

The long carine at the sides of the prothorax toward base also —

form a character which leads onward to the acute thoracic mar-

gins of Cephennium. Although Neuraphes therefore, is the most

obvious bond between Cephennium and the Scydmenide subuli-

palpi, there are many profound differences, especially in the

head and in the hind coxe, as well as in the entire facies of the

body.

SCYDMENUS Latr.

Among the genera common to Europe and North America,

Scydmeenus is the only one, except Cephennium, which so far as

known, is distributed throughout the United States; it is well

represented in the Atlantic regions, and, on the Pacific coast,

forms one of the most prominent types of the family. It can be

distinguished at once from any of the Euconnini by certain gen-

eral habital features, such as the smaller prothorax more dilated

anteriorly and more elliptical and convex elytra.

The head is always narrower than the prothorax, with the cly-

peus large, simple and truncate at apex, more or less dilated and

subangulate at the sides and separated from the front by a short

transverse sulcus, the neck wide and the nuchal constriction

moderate in depth, the occiput not having the deep vertical base

so general in the Euconnini. The eyes are at most median in

position, generally subbasal, and vary much in size, becoming

large and extremely prominent in Brachycepsis. The maxillary

palpi are well developed, with the second joint slender, bent and

clavate at apex, the third elongate, obconic, with rounded sides

and the fourth distinct though slender and very finely aciculate,

being occasionally more than half as long as the third. The an-

tenn are incrassate but never have a pronounced club, although

the three outer joints sometimes constitute a feeble club, and, in

one species of Brachycepsis, the five outer joints may be imagined

to have same status.

The prothorax is always dilated anteriorly, narrowed toward

Coleopterological Notices, VIL. 471

base and sinuate at the sides behind the middle, but the nature of

the sculpture near the basal margin differs very much in the

several subgenera. The scutellum is always distinct, except in

Parascydmus, where it becomes minute. The elytra are oval or

elliptical, generally very convex and frequently punctured in a

conspicuous manner, the basal impressions exceedingly small and

feeble in Scydmenus proper, but well developed in Brachycepsis

and Taphroscydmus; they narrowly overlap along the suture

posteriorly, the apex generally subtruncate with nearly right

sutural angles, but becoming broadly rounded witha feeble enter-

ing angle in some species of Brachycepsis, the dorsal pygidium

in these cases being usually visible but always nearly horizontal ;

humeri more or less visible in all except three of the species of

Parascydmus, where they are wholly obliterated, but almost ob-

solete also in Scydmenus perforatus and Taphroscydmus cali-

fornicus.

The mesosternum is more or less carinate, with the episternum

tumid and setose; met-episterna entirely covered by the elytra.

Abdomen normal, with the first four segments short, the last two

much developed in some forms of Brachycepsis. The hind coxz

are very narrowly separated, with the small prolongation of the

metasternum between them deeply and narrowly cleft. The iegs

are generally long and well developed, with the femora moderately

or feebly clavate, the anterior very strongly so in the subgenus

Seydmenus. Tarsi varying in structure in the several subgenera.

The secondary sexual characters generally affect the anterior

femora in the subgenus Scydmenus, but in turbatus the hind

trochanters are alone modified. In Brachycepsis they affect the

tibiz, hind trochanters and abdominal apex in various ways, ac-

cording to the species, while in Parascydmus they appear to be

altogether wanting.

The species are somewhat numerous and may be assigned to

four strongly differentiated subgenera as follows :—

Head not impressed ; pronotum with four subbasal fovez but frequently with

confused sculpture near the base, the prothorax dilated anteriorly, narrowed

and more or less feebly sinuate at the sides to the base ; hind tarsi elongate,

with the four basal joints decreasing in length ; scutellum distinct.......... I

Head impressed or biimpressed at the middle of the vertex.

Seutellum distinct ; prothorax constricted near basal third, with a short

and feeble transverse impression in the middle near the base and two large

foveze at each side within the constriction ; hind tarsi long and very slen-

472 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

der, with the four basal joints decreasing rapidly in length ; species gen-

erally rather large... «cisgeeecsecedeeaeecess >see aqe/desevediirceseacipecent ete eneeeeeeeae II

Scutellum very minute ; prothorax narrowed gradually toward base but not:

constricted, the pronotum with six subbasal foveze ; hind tarsi shorter,

with the four basal joints subequal ; species minute................seeeeeene Ii

Head with a large and deep excavation at the base of the occiput and a large

and profoundly excavated pit above and contiguous to each eye ; prothorax

feebly narrowed and subsinuate toward base, feebly biimpressed before the

scutellum and foveate at the sides ; hind tarsi long and slender, with the:

Joints decreasing in length ; scutellum distinct ; prosternum slightly devel-

OPE ElOre tHE! COR: 5. ccscc- aneeeeeseadecacseess onesies sls se epenelseee ee eee eee Ree EEEEeEEe Iv

The first two of these subgenera occur on both sides of the

continent, but the third appears to be confined to the more north-

ern regions of the Atlantic district, and the fourth to the true

Pacific coast fauna. The species may be separated as follows :—

Subgenus I.

Scydmeenus Lair.

Species of the Atlantic and Gulf regions.

Head smooth, not distinctly punctate in either sex.

Elytra very coarsely and conspicuously punctured, the pubescence long,.

erect or suberect and very distinct.

Elytra rather feebly inflated and strongly but gradually narrowed pos-

teriorly ; body black or paler ; anterior femora moderately angulate

above) im the male; ...d.ccscacarccvecscnscevsavocsseeoacoeereneee 1 perforatus

Elytra strongly inflated and less narrowed posteriorly, the humeri more-

evident ; punctures sparser ; body piceous, the elytra pale ; male with

the anterior femora very strongly angulate above............. 2 badius.

Elytra less coarsely and sometimes quite finely punctate ; humeri evident.

The punctures very sparse ; pubescence long, suberect and bristling.

3 conjux

The punctures close-set ; pubescence shorter, more inclined and re-

curved.

Body pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the elytral vestiture coarser

axicl MOTE MWLVOUS-...cce8 oeds- coerce -oece ce dnecnoga te eeaeeeee 4 cribrarius

Body piceous-black ; elytral punctures still finer and closer, the vesti-

ture finer and cinereous ; posterior trochanters dentate posteriorly

ANNE WMA AO ecererlereeisisieyscicleisee.eie «aise de -ee serene cer oe eeaeeeeee 5 turbatus.

Head strongly and closely punctate, at least in the male; elytral humeri

very evident, the vestiture coarse and fulvous.

Elytral punctures rather small but distinct, rather close-set, the pubescence:

somewhat short, abundant and recurved.................+: 6 puncticeps

Elytral punctures sparse and finer, much less distinct, the pubescence

longer; /Sparser and more erect... s.r. <n. o-sseeeevesneeceteeny 7 sculpticeps.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 473

Species of the Pacific coast faunal region.

Larger, rufo-testaceous throughout ; elytral punctures strong and distinct,

the vestiture coarse, shorter, fulvous and recurved........... 8 Ovipennis

Smaller and less stout, the elytral punctures fine, sparse and inconspicuous,

the pubescence longer, sparse and less recurved................+ 9 sparsus

Subgenus II.

Brachycepsis Bndl.

Elytral pubescence rather inconspicuous, finer or shorter and always strongly

recurved.

Head with a single large and very deep excavation, the binary nature of

which can only be discerned at its bottom ; species larger, the elytra

very feebly and sparsely punctulate.

Body stouter ; antennz more robust, with the penultimate joint strongly

transverse: 1 Californians ica. y.deeoces accesses ssisecleseeenanece 10 pacificus

Body less stout, the antennz more slender, with the penultimate joints

feebly transverse. Lake Superior...................00- 11 subpunctatus

Head with the two impressions rounded and distinct, not or only feebly coal-

escent.

Larger, black, the elytra with a feeble piceous tinge............. 12 tristis

Small, pale rufo-testaceous throughout.................s0c0eseeeeeees 13 fuchsi

Elytral pubescence very long, erect, bristling and conspicuous ; excavation of

the vertex transverse and not at all binary................... 14 pubipennis

Subgenus III.

Parascydmus n. sg.

Elytra oval and very convex, without trace of humeri, the sides very conver-

gent to the base of the prothorax ; subhumeral impression very small;

body black.

Prothorax finely carinate at each side toward base.

Larger species, more than 1 mm. in length; head larger, with the tem-

pora less convergent and almost as prominent as the eyes.

15 ventriculus

Smaller, less than 1 mm. in length, the head smaller, with the tempora

rapidly convergent behind the eyes.................... 16 corpusculum

Prothorax not carinate at the sides ; body much more elongate ; head small,

with the tempora rounded and very convergent behind the eyes.

17 caducus

Elytra less oval, less narrowed at base and not so convex, the humeri some-

what evident ; subhumeral impression longer and more conspicuous ; body

dark brown in color ; prothorax not carinate at the sides....... 18 exiguus

Subgenus IV.

Taphroscydmus n. sg.

Elongate-oval, blackish, the elytra, legs and antennz testaceous ; pubescence

rather short, coarse and Sparse...............ss00s ueodeaddeoogose 19 californicus

474 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

1. 8S. perforatus Schaum—Analecta Entomologica, 1841, p. 9; Lec..

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 151.

Not very stout and only moderately ventricose, polished, im-

punctate anteriorly, the elytra very coarsely and deeply but some-

what sparsely punctate, the punctures much feebler toward apex ;

body black, or piceous with the eiytra paler brownish; prothorax

paler at base and apex; legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous ;

pubescence cinereous, fine and rather sparse anteriorly, long,

erect but somewhat sparse on the elytra. Head much wider

than long, 4 wider than the neck, the tempora short, broadly

rounded ; eyes moderate in size but convex and prominent. An-

tenne about 4 as long as the body, quite strongly incrassate to-

ward apex, the club not distinct; second joint obconic, nearly

twice as long as wide, slightly thicker but much shorter than the

next two; three to six equal in width; three to five distinctly

elongate; sixth shorter and but very slightly longer than wide;

seventh more than } wider, subquadrate, as long as wide; eighth

4+ wider than the preceding, conic at apex, transversely truncate

at base, slightly wider than long; ninth nearly 4 wider than the

eighth; eight to ten increasing rapidly and evenly in width,

similar but successively more transverse; ninth 4, tenth nearly $

wider than long; eleventh rather narrower than the tenth, gradu-

ally pointed and narrowly ogival almost from the base, a little

shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax not quite as long as

wide, nearly 3 wider than the head, swollen and arcuate at

the sides anteriorly, broadly constricted toward base, with two

small and approximate fovee at the middle near the base and a

larger one at each side less basal, also with a few punctures lat-

erally toward base. Scutellum angulate behind. Elytra elongate,

gradually, rather acutely pointed behind from basal 2, nearly 4

longer than wide, 23 times as long as the prothorax and 2 wider,

broadly rounded and convergent at the sides toward base, the

basal margin broadly, feebly sinuate; basal fovee obsolete, the

impressions very small, feeble and basal; suture not modified.

Legs slender; anterior femora moderately, the other four feebly,

clavate; tarsi slender and filiform; first four joints of the pos-

terior rapidly decreasing in length, the first much longer than the

second. Length 1.15-1.2 mm.; width 0.45-0.52 mm.

Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and lowa (Cedar

Rapids). A well known species but closely allied to three or four

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 475

others found in the same geographical regions, so that a detailed

description is necessary. Perforatus may be known by its rather

narrow form, long and narrowly oval, gradually pointed and

very coarsely punctate elytra and somewhat strongly incrassate

antenne, with the penultimate joints moderately transverse.

In the male from Iowa the penultimate joints of the antenne are a

little less transverse, and the eleventh more elongate than in: the

male described above, being equal to the two preceding together.

The anterior femora of the male in this species, as well as in

badius, are swollen much more than in the female and are angu-

late above.

2. §. badius n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate

anteriorly, the elytra coarsely but sparsely punctate; body piceous in color, the

elytra generally much paler; legs and antennze pale testaceous ; pubescence

moderately abundant, shorter and inconspicuous anteriorly, rather long stiff

fulvous and suberect but strongly recurved on the elytra. Head much wider

than long, the eyes prominent and rather large, much longer than the tem-

pora ; edges of the front above the antenne slightly elevated. Antenne a lit-

tle less than 1% as long as the body, gradually and moderately incrassate

toward tip; second joint almost as long as the first but thinner, feebly

obconic, 34 longer than wide, 44 longer than the third and much thicker ;

three to six equal in width, cylindric ; third %, fourth 14, fifth nearly 14, sixth

1g, longer than wide ; seventh nearly 14 thicker, more rounded, not quite as

long as wide, almost similar to the eighth, the latter just perceptibly thicker ;

ninth 7, tenth 14, thicker than the eighth, 14 and %£ wider than long respec-

tively ; eleventh fully as thick as the tenth, about as long as the two preced-

ing, very obliquely and acutely pointed. Prothorax about as long as wide,

fully 14 wider than the head, dilated and narrowly rounded laterally at apical

third, the sides thence moderately convergent and broadly sinuate to the base ;

four subbasal foveze not connected but very irregular in form, the less basal

and larger depression at each side enclosing a small setigerous tubercle as is

frequently the case also in other allied species. Scutellum distinct, parabolic.

Elytra % longer than wide, not quite three times as long as the prothorax and

about 44 wider, widest as basal #4, gradually narrowed in ogive toward tip ;

sides strongly rounded at base to the prothorax, the humeri somewhat evident ;

subhumeral impression very small; inner fovea large; subsutural impres-

sions just traceable, the suture not modified. Legs slender, the femora feebly

clavate, the anterior more strongly, particularly in the male; tarsi slender

and filiform, the four basal joints of the posterior decreasing rapidly in length

as usual. Length 1.1-1.25 mm.; width 0.5-0.62 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.); Virginia (Fredericksburg);

Canada (Ottawa).

The anterior femora of the Pennsylvania male described above

476 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

are strongly swollen and angulate above beyond the middle, the

apical slope of the angle nearly straight in profile and minutely

irregular or subserrulate. In the female these femora are more

clavate than the other four but are simple, and in that sex the

antenne are a little shorter but nearly similar, except that the

fifth and sixth joints are distinctly thicker than the two preced-

ing. In general form of the body and outline of the elytra the

two sexes are almost exactly similar. The head seems to be rela-

tively smaller in some females than in others.

This species, while allied to perforatus, differs conspicuously

in its more dilated hind body and perceptibly less coarse and

somewhat sparser punctures, also in its shorter, more fulvous and

more recurved pubescence of the elytra, much more irregular sub-

basal fovez of the pronotum, color and other characters. In the

series of eight specimens before me the largest and smallest indi-

viduals are both females. The single example from Ottawa, com-

municated by Mr. W. H. Harrington, has the elytra more elon-

gate, but does not appear to differ much otherwise; it is pale

testaceous throughout, as however are several of the Pennsyl-

vania specimens. The Virginia representatives have the pro-

thorax rather more inflated anteriorly.

3. S. comjux n. sp.—Moderately stout, polished, impunctate anteriorly,

the elytra strongly but sparsely and not very coarsely punctate ; body piceous-

black, the elytra slightly paler and rufescent, the abdomen slightly paler at

apex ; legs and antennz rufo-testaceous ; pubescence moderately abundant,

rather long coarse pale semi-erect and recurved on the elytra, shorter and less

conspicuous anteriorly. Head much wider than long, the eyes rather well de-

veloped, convex, longer than the tempora. Antenne a little less than 14 as

long as the body, gradually incrassate toward tip ; second joint as long as the

first but thinner, feebly obconic, 14 longer than wide, only slightly longer

than the third but obviously thicker ; third and fourth narrowest, cylindrie,

equal in width, 2 and 4 longer than wide; fifth and sixth just visibly

thicker, 14 and 1, longer than wide ; seventh nearly 14 thicker, suboval,

as wide as long, very nearly as wide as the eighth, which is more than

4 wider than long and conic at apex ; ninth and tenth almost exactly equal,

fully % wider than the eighth, strongly obtrapezoidal and transverse, nearly

1g wider than long; eleventh about as long as the two preceding and not

wider, obliquely and acutely pointed. Prothorax not quite as longas wide, 4

wider than the head, only moderately inflated and rounded laterally toward

apex, the sides feebly convergent but distinctly sinuate toward base; four

subbasal fovese isolated and not jointed by impressions but irregular in form,

the irregular cluster at the sides deep. Elytra suboblong-oval, % longer than

wide, obviously less than three times as long as the prothorax and about 4

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 477

wider, parabolic at tip, widest at basal 2, the sides more rounded at base, the

humeri rather evident ; impressions at the base almost obsolete ; inner fovea

-distinct ; subsutural impressions rather distinct, the suture feebly elevated to-

ward base but not beaded. Legs slender, the femora feebly clavate, the an-

terior only just visibly more strongly. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Towa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The single type before me is probably a female, but the species

-ean be readily distinguished from perforatus by its more oblong

-elytra, with more basally exposed humeri, obvious subsutural im-

pressions with elevated suture, and smaller and still sparser ely-

‘tral punctures; the head is larger than in perforatus, and the

prothorax is less swollen anteriorly and less narrowed at base.

4. §. cribrarius Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1852, p. 151.

Moderately stout, rather feebly ventricose, polished, impunc-

‘tate anteriorly, the elytra distinctly and rather closely punctate ;

body pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antenne con-

-colorous; pubescence abundant, short and inconspicuous an-

‘teriorly, pale fulvous, coarse, moderate in length, suberect, strongly

‘recurved and very conspicuous on the elytra. Head transverse,

‘the eyes rather large and prominent, nearly twice as long as the

‘tempora; fourth joint of the maxillary palpi 4as long as the

‘third but slender and finely aciculate. Antenne rather less than

tas long as the body, gradually incrassate; second joint much

‘shorter and narrower than the first, feebly obconic, $ longer than

wide, 4 longer than the third and distinctly thicker; third and

fourth equal in width, 3 and j longer than wide, the next two

just visibly thicker, 3 longer than wide and quadrate; seventh

and eighth nearly 3 thicker than the sixth, almost equal and sub-

globular; ninth 3, the tenth 3, thicker than the eighth, } and $

wider than long respectively; eleventh barely as long as the two

preceding, ogival. Prothorax not as long as wide, nearly 3 wider

‘than the head, strongly dilated and laterally rounded in apical

half, the sides strongly convergent and distinctly sinuate thence

to the base; surface slightly uneven and indefinitely rugulose

‘transversely near the base, and with one or two minute tubercular

setigerous punctures at the sides and less basal. Scutellum dis-

‘tinct, rounded at tip. EHlytra elongate-oval, $ longer than wide,

between two and three times as long as the prothorax and fully ?

wider, widest at basal 2 but with the sides broadly and evenly

-arcuate throughout; humeri somewhat visible at base; subhu-

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., IX, May, 1897.—32.

478 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

meral impression small and faint but extending somewhat from

the base; inner fovea large; suture not modified, the impressions

obsolete. Legs slender, the anterior femora somewhat strongly,

the middle moderately and the posterior feebly, clavate. Length

1.25 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Austral regions of the Appalachian mountain system. This

species is very distinct from per/foratus in its larger size, smaller

punctures and much shorter, coarser, more abundant and re-

curved fulvous pubescence of the elytra. It differs from badzus:

in it denser punctures and pubescence, more elongate and less

dilated elytra and longer prothorax. It is described above from.

the female.

5. S. turbatus n. sp.—Rather stout and ventricose, polished, sparsely,.

unevenly and very feebly punctulate anteriorly, finely and closely but obviously

punctured on the elytra, blackish-piceous throughout, the legs and antennz-

pale ; pubescence abundant, sparse and shorter anteriorly, dull cinereous,

moderate in length, recurved and conspicuous but rather fine on the elytra, the:

hairs becoming short toward the suture behind the middle. Head transverse,

the eyes rather large, moderately convex, nearly twice as long as the tempora;.

vertex broadly flattened. Antenne about 14 as long as the body, gradually

and moderately incrassate; second joint distinctly shorter and very slightly

narrower than the first, oval, narrowed at base, 14 longer than wide, 24 longer

than the third and much thicker ; three to eight evenly and just visibly in-

creasing in width; third 14, fourth and fifth scarcely 14, longer than wide ;.

sixth subglobular, as long as wide; seventh very slightly, the eighth more

obviously, wider than long; eight to eleven increasing regularly but more

rapidly in width, without trace of club, distinctly and almost equally wider

than long ; eleventh about as long as the two preceding, ogival and slightly

oblique at tip. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, about 1g wider than the-

head, swollen and strongly rounded laterally in apical half, the sides rather

strongly convergent and broadly sinuate thence to the base ; surface confusedly

rugose for some distance from the basal margin throughout the width. Scutel-

lum distinct, triangular, rather longer than wide. /ytra evenly elliptical,.

nearly 14 longer than wide, not quite three times as long as the prothorax and

almost twice as wide ; sides evenly arcuate ; humeri rather distinct at base;.

subhumeral impression nearly obsolete ; inner fovea distinct, the outer obso-

lete. Legs slender, the femora feebly clavate, the anterior more strongly..

Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.62 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

A distinct species, readily identifiable among the eastern

species of this genus by the male modification of the posterior

trochanters, these being acutely angulate and prominent at.

apex though not much produced. The description is taken from:

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 479

the male, but the female differs in no respect, except its slightly

smaller head and just visibly shorter antennze; the anterior

femora are similar and normal in both sexes.

6. S. pumcticeps n. sp.—Rather stout and somewhat strongly ventricose,

polished, rufo-testaceous throughout, the head strongly and closely, the elytra

equally strongly, but less closely, punctate, the punctures smalland not much

impressed ; pubescence almost wanting on the head, excepting a few short

hairs laterally, sparse short and indistinct on the pronotum, longer coarse ful-

vous suberect recurved and conspicuous on the elytra. Head transverse,

slightly flattened above in the punctured area, the latter divided longi-

tudinally by an impunctate line, the punctures evanescent toward the ‘base and

eyes, the latter large, convex, more than twice as long as the tempora ; front

slightly produced and rounded between the antennz, the usual transverse

groove separating it from the clypeus more pronounced. Antenne slender, 7

as long as the body, gradually and moderately incrassate; second joint slender,

slightly shorter and much narrower than the first, feebly obconic, 34 longer

than wide, much shorter than the next two but only slightly thicker ; three

to five increasing just visibly in thickness, the sixth as wide as the fifth; third

nearly 14, fourth 14, fifth 2¢ and sixth 14, longer than wide; seventh and

eighth equal in width, obtrapezoidal, broadly conic at apex, 7 wider than the

sixth, equal and barely as long as wide ; ninth and tenth subsimilar in outline

to the eighth; % and 14 wider, % and 14 wider than long; eleventh oval,

acutely and obliquely pointed, fully as thick as the tenth and as long as the

two preceding. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, fully 14 wider than the

head, dilated and broadly rounded laterally in apical 24, somewhat con-

stricted at basal third, the base slightly expanded ; disk impunctate, except

along the basal margin, where the punctures are confused and subrugose.

Scutellum distinct, parabolic, as wide as long. Elytra large, 14 longer than

wide, three times as long as the prothorax and twice as wide, elliptical, the

sides parallel and evenly arcuate ; humeri pronounced at base ; subhumeral

impression very feeble, the plica somewhat distinct ; inner fovea large. Legs

slender ; femora feebly clavate, the anteriorrather strongly. Length 1.4mm.;

width 0.65 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

The sculpture and modified front of the head may be secondary

sexual characters to some extent, but there are no other exposed

features which may enable us to determine the sex of the unique

type. The anterior femora and posterior trochanters are simple.

The four basal joints of the hind tarsi decrease gradually in

length. This species and the next depart from all other Ameri-

can representatives of the genus in the cephalic characters

alluded to.

7. §. sculpticeps n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, polished and

tufo-testaceous throughout ; head closely and strongly punctured except to-

480 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

ward the base and eyes, nearly as in puncticeps ; elytra finely and rather sparsely

punctate ; pubescence moderately abundant, short on the head and pronotum,

long, erect, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head slightly transverse, the

eyes large and moderately prominent, more than twice as long as the tempora;

vertex feebly convex; front impunctate, produced, narrowly rounded and only

feebly declivous between the antennze; maxillary palpi moderately developed.

Antennx slender, moderately and gradually incrassate, 24 as long as the body;

second joint shorter and very much thinner than the first, subeylindric, %

longer than wide, much shorter and thicker than the next two; three to seven

increasing almost uniformly and just visibly in width; third 4 longer than

wide; fourth and fifth subquadrate; sixth and seventh obtrapezoidal, slightly

wider than long; eighth scarcely 14 wider than sae seventh; eight to ten in-

creasing uniformly and more rapidly in width, 1g, 75 and 9% wider than long;

eleventh shorter than the two preceding, ee and obliquely ogival at tip.

Prothorax very nearly as long as wide, the sides rounded anteriorly, conver-

gent and subconstricted toward base, rather more than 14 wider than the head,

impunctate but feebly, sparsely and altogether indefinitely sculptured near

the basal margin, with the usual deeper and less basal impression at each side.

Scutellum distinct, parabolic, as wide as long. Elytra moderate, subelliptical,

the sides evenly rounded, %£ longer than wide, 244 times as long as the pro-

thorax and scarcely #5 wider, the humeri rounded to the prothorax and quite

distinct; subhumeral impression small and feeble; inner fovea moderate. Legs

slender, the anterior femora moderately, the other four feebly, clavate. Length

1.25 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Texas (near Austin).

The single specimen represents a species closely allied to punc-

ticeps, but differing in its smaller size, smaller elytra, relatively

larger prothorax and smaller head, much longer pubescence,

shorter antenne and several other characters. The punctures of

the head in this species bear each a short stiff and erect hair,

while in puncticeps they are nude, although the type specimen is

in a perfect state of preservation. The type above described is

probably the male.

8. S. Ovipennis n. sp. —Stouf, strongly ventricose, polished, subimpunc-

tate anteriorly, the elytra rather coarsely and deeply but not very closely punc-

tate; body pale rufo-testaceous throughout; pubescence pale, very short, sparse

and indistinct anteriorly, moderately long, suberect, recurved and conspicuous

on the elytra. Head distinctly wider than long, the eyes rather large and

convex, much longer than the tempora; fourth palpal joint fully 3% as long

as the third, acutely conic and finely aciculate. Antenne about 14 as long

as the body, slender, gradually and moderately incrassate, the 3-jointed club

somewhat distinct; second joint only ete ney shorter but much thinner than

the first, arcuately narrowed toward base, 24 longer than wide, 14 longer than

the third and distinctly thicker; three to five just visibly increasing in width,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 481

2¢, 14 and 14 longer than wide; sixth not wider but shorter, 44 longer than

wide; seventh and eighth equal in width, nearly 1g thicker, obtrapezoidal in

basal 34, as long as wide and a little shorter respectively; ninth and tenth sub-

similar, obtrapezoidal, more than 1g and nearly 14 thicker than the eighth,

and 14 wider than long; eleventh unusually short, only 14 longer than the

tenth and fully as wide, obliquely ogival in apical half. Prothorax relatively

small, scarcely as long as wide, barely 14 wider than the head, prominent and

narrowly rounded laterally at apical third, the sides thence rather feebly con-

vergent and very broadly sinuate to the base; surface with a continuous chain

of irregular sculpture transversely near the base, flexed slightly forward at the

sides. Scutellum distinct, nearly as wide as long, ogival. Elytra nearly

14 longer than wide, almost three times as long as the prothorax and twice as

wide, almost evenly elliptical, only just visibly wider at basal 74; subhumeral

impression rather distinct but small, transverse and deep along the basal

Margin; inner fovea large and deep; suture not modified, the impressions obso-

lete. Legs slender, the anterior femora rather strongly, the four posterior feebly,

clavate. Length 1.2-1.4 mm.; width 0.6-0.68 mm.

California (Siskiyou, Humboldt, Sonoma and Nevada Cos.).

This is a very abundant species in the northern and hilly parts

of California, probably extending in its range much further to

the northward. The description is drawn from the male,in which

sex the anterior femora are a little more strongly clavate, the thick-

ened portion rather strongly rounded but not angulate and at a

point much nearer the apex than in the eastern species, with the

apical slope very rapid and feebly granulato-serrulate. The fe-

male differs scarcely at all in antennal structure, but has the

elytra a little more inflated. There is but little similarity between

this species and sparsus, it being much larger, more ventricose

and much more strongly sculptured.

9. 8. sparsus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 151; cautus

Lee. : i. litt.

Moderately stout and rather feebly ventricose, polished, im-

punctate anteriorly, the elytra sparsely and quite finely punctate ;

body piceous-black, the elytra paler, dark testaceous; legs and

antennz pale; pubescence rather sparse and short anteriorly,

long, suberect, pale and conspicuous on the elytra. Head slightly

transverse, the eyes moderate in size and prominence, only

slightly longer than the tempora. Antenne about 4 as long as

the body, gradually and moderately incrassate toward tip; joints

three to five distinctly longer than wide and subequal, the sixth

shorter and only slightly elongate; seventh and eighth distinctly

thicker, subequal and fully as long as wide; ninth and tenth ob-

482 Coleopterological Notices, VLI.

trapezoidal, more than + and 4 wider than the eighth, and 4 and

2 wider than long respectively; eleventh fully as thick as the

tenth and as long as the two preceding, obliquely pointed toward

apex. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, nearly 3 wider than

the head, dilated and broadly rounded laterally in apical half, the

sides thence strongly convergent and feebly sinuate to the base ;

four subbasal fovez very irregular and feebly connected in twos,

the sides more anteriorly also having two or three deep approxi-

mate fovere. Scutellum very narrow and elongate, narrowly

parabolic. Elytra scarcely more than 2 longer than wide,

slightly less than three times as long as the prothorax and

nearly + wider, oval, widest at basal 2? but with the sides broadly

arcuate, narrowly parabolic toward tip; subhumeral impression

quite distinct and elongate; inner fovea large; suture not modi-

fied, the impressions obsolete. Legs slender, the anterior femora

rather strongly, the four posterior very feebly, clavate; tarsi

long, the posterior very slender, with the four basal joints de-

creasing gradually and not very rapidly in length. Length 1.15

mm.; width 0.5 mm,

California. This species is one of the smallest of Scydmeznus

proper and may be known by its coloration, sparse and rather

small elytral punctures and other characters.

The name cautus was applied in manuscript by LeConte to the

entirely testaceous specimens of this species, and the name is

published, as far I am aware, only in the LeConte list of Coleo-

ptera.

10. S. pacificus n. sp.—Elongate, suboval, moderately ventricose, pale

and uniform rufo-testaceous throughout, polished, subimpunctate, the elytra

sparsely and very feebly though rather coarsely punctulate, rather sparsely and

inconspicuously pubescent, the hairs of the elytra moderate in length, suberect

and recurved. Head wider than long, the eyes large, prominentand subbasal,

the tempora very short and convérgent ; impression of the vertex deep and

distinctly double at the bottom, subquadrate. Antennx fully 14 as longas the

body, very evenly, gradually and moderately incrassate from near the base to

the apex ; second joint much shorter and narrower than the first, 1g longer

and only slightly thicker than the third, cylindric and 1g longer than wide ;

third to tenth increasing in width and gradually more transverse ; fifth longer

than wide, spherical at base and apex; sixth as long as wide; seventh

distinctly wider; seven to ten transverse, the club, if any, being 5-jointed.

Prothorax almost as long as wide, more than 14 wider than the head, dilated

and strongly, circularly rounded at the sides in apical half, constricted at basal

third ; surface with a short transverse impression near the base at the middle,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 483

also coarsely biimpressed laterally within the constriction. Scutellum distinct.

Elytra elongate-oval, widest and somewhat angulate broadly at the sides at

basal 76; humeri broadly rounded to the prothorax ; humeral plica and im-

pression rather long and distinct ; inner fovea large ; subsutural impressions

rather distinct ; suture narrowly elevated toward base. Dorsal pygidium well

exposed behind, parabolic. Legs long ; femora distinctly and equally clavate;

hind tarsi very long and filiform, the four basal joints decreasing rapidly in

length, the first almost as long as the next two. Length 1.5-1.65 mm.;

width 0.6-0.7 mm.

California (Humboldt and Marin Cos.).

In the male of this species the last two ventral segments are

much more convex than the remainder of the abdomen, and al-

most equal the first four in length, the sixth long, parabolic and

evenly convex throughout, the posterior trochanters prolonged

posteriorly in a slender corneous process, and the hind tibize

thickened and internally flattened near the apex.

11. S. subpunctatus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 150.

Hlongate-oval, moderately stout, polished, subimpunctate, the

elytra not finely but very feebly and remotely punctulate, dark

’ rufo-piceous throughout, the legs and antenne slightly paler and

more ferruginous; pubescence rather sparse and inconspicuous.

Head transverse, the eyes very large, prominent and subbasal,

with the tempora very short and convergent to the neck, the im-

pression of the vertex large, transverse, deep and single, its pos-

terior margin rounded, the anterior transversely rectilinear ; front

strongly declivous anteriorly to the rather large and horizontal

clypeus. Antenne slender, fully $ as long as the body, gradually

and moderately incrassate from the third joint to the apex; sec-

ond joint as long as the first and only slightly narrower, cylin-

dric, 2 longer than wide, nearly 4 longer than the third but

scarcely visibly thicker; third to fifth subequal in length, about

4+ longer than wide; sixth shorter, scarcely 4 longer than wide ;

seventh nearly globular; eighth slightly wider than long; tenth

moderately transverse; eleventh almost as long as the two pre-

ceding. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, rather more than +

wider than the head, inflated and rounded laterally in apical half,

constricted at a considerable distance from the base; surface with

a short and feeble transverse impression near the base, and two

larger impressions at each side in the lateral constriction. Scu-

tellum moderate. Elytra oval, widest and more prominently

rounded at basal 2, 4 longer than wide, 24 times as long as the

484. Coleopterological Notices, VII.

prothorax and + wider; humeri quite evident, the plica strong ;:

subhumeral impression rather small, the inner fovea distinct ;

subsutural impressions narrow, short and feeble, the suture ex--

tremely finely and feebly elevated near the base. Legs long, the

femora rather strongly and equally clavate. Length 1.6 mm.;.

width 0.65 mm.

Lake Superior. This species is closely allied to pacificus, but

has the antenne still more slender with the outer joints less trans-

verse. The above description is taken from a female specimen in

rather poor condition, but the species may be known by its rather

large size, short, sparse and not very conspicuous elytral vestiture-

and dark coloration.

12. 8. tristis n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, polished, subim-

punctate, the minute punctulation of the elytra barely traceable ; body black,

the elytra with a faint piceous tinge, the abdomen piceous at tip; legs and

antenne dark rufo-testaceous, the tarsi paler ; pubescence sparse and indistinct

anteriorly, rather short coarse cinereous recurved and distinet.on the elytra..

Head wider than long, the eyes rather large, strongly convex and subbasal, the

tempora very short and convergent; vertex with two large rounded foveiform

impressions ; clypeus convex. Antenne slender, very gradually incrassate-

from near the base, nearly 14 as long as the body ; second joint distinctly

shorter and thinner than the first, cylindric, nearly 44 longer than wide, fully

1g longer and distinctly thicker than the third ; three to ten gradually and

slowly increasing in width ; third much shorter than the fourth, 4 longer

than wide ; fourth %, fifth larger and fully 24, longer than wide ; sixth sub--

globular ; seventh 14, eighth shorter, #4, wider than long ; ninth and tenth

longer and larger, nearly equal, 14 wider than long ; eleventh not wider, not

as long as the two preceding, gradually and narrowly ogival and scarcely

oblique toward tip. Prothorax about as long as wide, fully 4 wider than the-

head, dilated and strongly rounded laterally before the middle, constricted at

basal third ; disk with a short and feeble transverse impression near the base

terminating at each end in a foveiform impression, the two large fovez at each

side within the constriction well developed. Scutellum moderate, parabolic,

wider than long. Elytra 14 longer than wide, nearly three times as.

long as the prothorax and almost twice as wide, elongate-oval, widest

and more prominent at the sides at basal % ; humeri evident at base, the

humeral plica narrow and distinct ; subhumeral impression narrow, moderate

in length, deep and conspicuous ; inner fovea large ; subsutural impressions

feeble, the suture finely and feebly elevated toward base. Dorsal pygidium:

only exposed at the extreme tip. Legs Jong and slender, the four anterior

femora moderately, the posterior feebly, clavate ; tarsi long and very slender. -

Length 1.3 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Colorado.

The unique male type has the posterior trochanters simple,.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 485

but the hind tibiz are broadly subprominent within at apical

third, the prominence rendered more conspicuous by a brush of

stiff hairs ; last two segments of the abdomen together not longer

than the preceding three, the sixth moderate in size, circular at ~

tip, with the surface only feebly convex and not distinctly modi-

fied.

This species may be readily distinguished from subpunctatus

by the two separated foveiform impressions of the head, smaller

size and more conspicuous elytral pubescence.

13. §. fuchsi Bnodl.—Entomologica Americana, V, p. 193 (Brachycepsis).

Moderately stout and ventricose, highly polished, subimpunc-

tate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout; pubescence rather sparse,

searcely distinct anteriorly, longer suberect and recurved on the

elytra. Head slightly wider than long, the eyes large and very

prominent, nearly at the base, the tempora very short and con-

vergent behind them; impression of the vertex large and deep,

consisting of two large fovez feebly coalescent; clypeus large.

Antenne almost half as long as the body, slender, gradually and

rather strongly incrassate toward tip; second joint cylindric, a

little shorter and much narrower than the first, 2 longer than

wide, 4 longer than the third but much thicker; three to six just

visibly increasing in thickness and becoming gradually more oval,

with prominent basal bead ; third rather more, the fourth a little

less, than 4, fifth 2, sixth +, longer than wide; seventh 4, eighth

2, thicker than the sixth, as long as wide and very slightly trans-

verse respectively, both strongly conic at apex; ninth and tenth

much larger, 2 and 2 wider than the eighth, feebly obtrapezoidal,

4 and nearly $ wider than long; eleventh scarcely as wide as the

tenth, ogival, not as long as the two preceding. Prothorax

nearly as long as wide, + wider than the head, almost angularly

prominent laterally in apical half, constricted at basal third ; sur-

face just visibly impressed transversely for a short distance in the

middle near the base but not foveate, the lateral fovea feeble and

indefinite. Scutellum distinct, triangular, rather wider than long.

Elytra elongate-oval, widest near basal 2,4 longer than wide, al-

most three times as long as the prothorax and about twice as wide,

broadly rounded at the sides, the humeri strongly rounded and

somewhat visible at base; subhumeral impression long, deep and

distinct, the humeral plica strong and elongate; inner fovea

moderate; subsutural impressions obvious, the suture feebly

486 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

elevated toward base. Legs long and slender, the femora moder-

ately clavate, the anterior not distinctly more strongly. Length

1.1 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

California (Marin and San Francisco Cos.). The male second-

ary characters of this species differ conspicuously from those of

the allied but much larger pacificus, the hind trochanters being

perfectly simple and the posterior tibize less flattened internally

toward tip. In the male of fuchsi the sixth ventral is narrowly

_ rounded at tip, flat at base, becoming upwardly declivous at basal

2 along a broadly angulate transverse line, the basal parts of the

ascending portion finely punctulate, the last two segments equal-

ling the preceding four in length; the anterior tibize become

slender and slightly sigmoid distally, and are finely prominent

and with a cluster of bristles within at apex; the middle tibiz

are slender, broadly bent inward distally, and have a long slender

internal process at tip. The dorsal pygidium is slightly exposed

behind the elytra and is circularly rounded. The female has the

elytra a little less elongate, the prothorax relatively somewhat

larger and the head smaller, the antenne differing very little.

14. S. pubipennis n. sp.—Rather stout and ventricose, polished, the

elytra subimpunctate; body black throughout, the elytra scarcely visibly pi-

cescent in strong light; legs and antennez pale, rufo-testaceous; pubescence

abundant, shorter and less distinct anteriorly, very long erect pale and ex-

tremely conspicuous on the elytra. Head but slightly wider than long, greatly

narrowed before the eyes, which are large, subbasal and extremely convex and

prominent; tempora very short and transversely rounded to the neck; vertex

transversely impressed from side to side; labrum blackish. Antennz long and

very slender, gradually and feebly incrassate from near the base, almost 9 as

long as the body; second joint only slightly shorter but much narrower than

the first, ohconic, 34 longer than wide, 14 longer than the third and distinctly

thicker; third and fourth subequal, nearly 14 longer than wide; fifth longer,

36 longer than wide; three to five subequal in width and cylindric; sixth

shorter and nearly |4 thicker, more oval, about % longer than wide; six to ten

increasing slowly and with perfect regularity in width; seventh slightly elong=-

ate; eighth as wide as long; ninth and tenth feebly obtrapezoidal, only slightly

wider than long; eleventh fully as wide as the tenth, much shorter than the

two preceding, obtusely parabolic and slightly oblique at apex. Prothorax

nearly as long as wide, almost 1 wider than the head, strongly dilated and

narrowly rounded at the sides at apical third, constricted near basal third; apex

truncate and only slightly more than 43 as wide as the base; surface trans-

versely impressed near the base, the flanks bifoveate within the constriction.

Scutellum rather large, very distinct, equilatero-triangular. Hlytra moderate

in size, % longer than wide, 244 times as long as the prothorax and fully 44

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 487

wider, oval, widest though only a little more rounded at the sides behind

basal third ; humeri evident at base ; humeral plica narrow and strong, the

impression deep and oblique; inner fovea large and very deep ; subsutural

impressions very feeble, the suture very slightly elevated toward base. Dorsal

pygidium with the mere tip exposed and broadly rounded. Legs long ; femora

moderately clavate, the posterior feebly; tarsi long and slender. Length 1.3

mm.; width 0.6-0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The type described above appears to be a male, but I can find

no obvious secondary sexual structures and the abdominal apex

is but little modified. In the female the elytra are somewhat more

briefly oval and more inflated, and the antenne are slightly

shorter.

The long, erect and very conspicuous pubescence of the elytra,

black color and transversely impressed head, will readily identify

pubipennis among the species of Brachycepsis.

15. 8S. ventriculus n. sp.—Strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate,

except the elytra, which are minutely, very feebly and sparsely punctate ;

body deep black throughout, the abdomen slightly paler at tip ; legs and an-

tenn pale ; pubescence rather sparse, even, less distinct anteriorly, pale and

recurved on the elytra. Head transverse, the eyes rather small and but slightly

convex, a little longer than the tempora, which are nearly as prominent and

strongly rounded to the neck ; vertex with a deep transverse median impres-

sion, which is bisetose at the bottom ; fourth palpal joint only slightly more

than 14 as long as the preceding, finely aciculate ; clypeus large. Antennx as

long as the head and prothorax, gradually and strongly incrassate toward tip ;

second joint nearly as large as the first, 24 longer than wide, about as long as

the next two and very much stouter ; three to ten increasing gradually in

width, at first very slowly then more rapidly ; three and six scarcely as long

as wide; fifth quadrate; fourth 14 longer than wide ; seventh globular ;

eighth 14, ninth 7, and tenth *4 wider than long ; eleventh small, scarcely as

wide as the tenth and 14 longer, gradually ogival and oblique from the base.

Prothoraz well developed, about as long as wide, almost 75 wider than the

head, subglobular, narrowed, rectilinear and finely carinate at the sides to-

ward base; six basal fovez large and distinct, not united, the two lateral

near the carina ; flanks beneath the carina obliquely impressed. Scutellum

very small, equilatero-triangular. Hlytra oval, very convex, 1g longer than

wide, scarcely 246 times longer than the prothorax and 34 wider, sides par-

allel and very evenly arcuate throughout ; humeri altogether obsolete ; sub-

humeral impression small but elongate and deep, the plica narrow ; outer

fovea obsolete, the inner deep and within a conspicuous subelongate excava-

tion ; suture not modified. Legs slender, the femora feebly clavate, the an-

terior more strongly; tarsi rather short. Length 1.1 mm; width 0.52 mm. -

Massachusetts.

488 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

No secondary sexual marks can be discovered in the four speci-

mens before me. This species is readily distinguishable from

any other of the present subgenus by its decidedly larger size.

16. 8. corpusculum n. sp.—Oval, very convex and ventricose, highly

polished, deep black, the abdomen slightly pale at tip and the head rufescent ;.

legs and antennz rufo-testaceous, the tarsi flavate; integuments impunctate;,

the elytra minutely, remotely and not at all distinctly punctulate ; pubes-.

cence short and sparse anteriorly, slightly pale, moderate in length,

rather sparse and recurved on the elytra. Head only slightly wider than long,

the eyes small and moderately convex, much longer than the tempora and

more prominent, the latter rapidly convergent and feebly, evenly arcuate be-

hind them to the nuchal constriction ; vertex with the transverse double de-

pression not bisetose ; clypeus large and broadly angulate at each side.

Antennzx barely as long as the head and prothorax, gradually and strongly in-

crassate toward tip; second joint almost as long as the first but distinctly nar-

rower, oval, % longer than wide, fully as long as the next two and distinctly

thicker ; third smallest, parallel, 14 wider than long ; fourth to sixth inereas--

ing scarcely visibly in width, the fourth quadrate, the next two slightly shorter

than wide and more oval ; seventh nearly 14 wider ; seven to ten increasing

gradually and rapidly in width, 14, 24, 94 wider than, and nearly twice as

wide as, long; eleventh small, obliquely and acutely conoidal, rather nar-

rower than the tenth and a little shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax

well developed, as long as wide, nearly 14 wider than the head, strongly

' rounded laterally in apical half, the sides thence moderately convergent and

straight to the base ; lateral carinz at base and six subbasal foveze distinct ;.

flanks also pune below the carina. Scutellum very minute. Elytra oval

and very convex, 14 euonees than wide, slightly more than twice as long as the

prothorax and nearly *5 wider ; sides evenly and strongly arcuate throughout 3.

humeri obsolete ; subhumeral impression small and narrow but rather deep ;.

inner fovea and impression distinct ; suture not modified. Legs slender ;

femora rather feebly clavate, the anterior a little more strongly ; hind tarsi

very slender but moderate in length, the four basal joints but slightly elon--

gate and subequal. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Canada (Ottawa)—Mr.W. H. Harrington ; Pennsylvania hee

moreland Co.)—Mr. Schmitt.

The large series before me exhibits scarcely any variation, even

in size or color, and no secondary sexual characters of the male-

are discoverable. This species resembles ventriculus very closely

in general form, but is much smaller; the head, also, is much

smaller and with less prominent tempora, and the elytral vesti--

ture rather longer and sparser.

17. S. caducus n. sp.—Elongate-oval, very convex and somewhat ventri--

cose, polished, almost completely impunctate ; body black, the head rufescent,

the pronotum at apex and elytral suture sometimes paler and rufo-piceous ;.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 489

legs and antenne very pale testaceous throughout ; pubescence rather sparse,

short and indistinct anteriorly, coarse and recurved, cinereous and distinct on

the elytra. Head small, as long as wide, the eyes small, somewhat prominent,

the tempora a little shorter, not at all prominent, strongly convergent and

evenly arcuate behind them to the neck ; double impression of the vertex deep

and bisetulose ; clypeus large, greatly extended and angulate at the sides ;

maxillary palpi well developed. Antenne short and stout, much shorter than

the head and prothorax, gradually and strongly incrassate toward tip ; second

joint almost as large as the first, longer and much thicker than the next two,

eylindric-oval, 44 longer than wide ; three to seven increasing very slowly

but gradually in width; seven to ten equally gradually but much more

rapidly ; three to five nearly similar, 14 wider than long; sixth oval, 7%,

seventh more developed externally than internally, 75, wider than long, the

eighth shorter and more transverse, about twice as wide as long ; eight to ten

increasing rapidly in length as well as width ; ninth %4, the tenth 34, wider

than long ; eleventh small, scarcely as wide as the tenth and 1 longer, rapidly

obliquely conoidal in form. Prothorax rather longer than wide, 35 wider than

the head, parallel and strongly rounded laterally, the sides convergent and

distinetly sinuate posteriorly ; surface with six subbasal foveze which are

rather feeble and imperfectly connected transversely, except in the middle,

also with a fovea on the flanks less basal; lateral carina wholly obsolete.

Scutellum extremely minute, visible with difficulty and only under strong

amplification. Elytra evenly oval, very convex, widest at the middle, with the

sides strongly and evenly arcuate, 7g longer than wide, not more than twice

.as long as the prothorax and %% wider ; humeri altogether obsolete ; subhu-

meral impression minute ; inner fovea large and conspicuous ; suture not modi-

fied. Legs slender ; femora rather feebly clavate, the anterior only a little

more strongly. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.38 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

A very small species of rather elongated form, but otherwise

‘closely resembling corpusculum. It may be separated at once,

however, by its non-carinate prothorax with the sides not straight

and convergent toward base, but sinuate, by its somewhat smaller

head with shorter autenne and still more laterally prominent cly-

peus, and many other characters. No conspicuous sexual char-

‘acters are observable in the series which Mr. Schmitt has kindly

sent me.

18. S. exiguus n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, moderately ventricose, pol-

‘ished, subimpunctate, dark piceous-brown throughout, the legs and antennze

paler, rufo-testaceous ; pubescence sparse anteriorly, short recurved pale and

_zather sparse on the elytra. Head small, somewhat longerthan wide, the eyes

well developed, convex, more than twice as long as the tempora, which are

strongly conyergent, feebly arcuate and not in the least prominent ; vertex

transversely impressed, the impression faintly bifoveate at the bottom near

490 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the middle and also bisetose ; front very gradually declivous anteriorly, the

transverse sulcus separating it from the clypeus almost obsolete; clypeus large,

broadly prominent at each side. Antennzx not quite as long as the head and

prothorax, gradually and moderately incrassate toward apex ; second joint

cylindric-oval, nearly as large as the first, 74 longer than wide, barely as long

as the next two but very much thicker ; three to six just perceptibly increas-

ing in size, subquadrate or nearly globular and as long as wide throughout ;

six to ten more rapidly but uniformly increasing in size; sixth globular;

seventh and eighth oval, slightly transverse and 7 wider than long; eight to

ten increasing only slightly in length; ninth 35, tenth 14, wider than long ;

eleventh nearly as long as the two preceding but scarcely as wide as the tenth,

ogival. Prothorax rather longer than wide, fully 14 wider than the head, par-

allel, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, moderately narrowed and feebly

sinuate toward base ; disk with six strong deep fovez near the basal margin

extending throughout the width but without trace of lateral carina. Scutel-

lum extremely minute. Elytra % longer than wide, a little more than twice

as long as the prothorax and rather more than %4 wider, parallel and broadly

rounded at the sides, strongly rounded at base, the humeri somewhat evident;

humeral plica narrow but strong, the subhumeral impression correspondingly

deep and distinct ; inner fovea large; suture not modified. Legs slender,

moderate in length, the femora feebly clavate, the anterior only slightly more

so ; four basal joints of the hind tarsi subequal. Length 0.85 mm.; width

0.3 mm. .

Pennsylvania (locality unknown).

This species differs from any other of the subgenus in its nar-

rower and more depressed form, the elytra being less convex, less

narrowed toward base, and with the humeri somewhat evident.

It is represented in my cabinet by a single specimen.

19. S. californicus Mots.—Bull. Mosc., 1845, No.1, p. 48; Mann.:

l. c., 1852, p. 329.

Elongate-oval, strongly convex, polished, black, the elytra and

legs dark testaceous, the antenne and palpi still paler; apical mar-

gin of the pronotum narrowly pale; head and pronotum impune-

tate, the former coarsely pubescent with the hairs erect, the lat-

ter more sparsely and inconspicuously ; elytra rather sparsely but

coarsely pubescent, the hairs moderately short and strongly re-

curved. Head subtriangular, as wide as long, the eyes moderate

in size, convex and near the base; front tumid in the middle be-

tween the scarcely marked antennal prominences; clypeus gradu-

ally declivous, not prominent at the sides; labrum transverse,

rather large and convex, broadly arcuate at apex; maxillary

palpi long, the third joint rather slender, fusiform, the fourth acic-

ulate, scarcely more than 4 as long as the third. Antenne

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 49]

scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, moderately incras-

sate toward tip; basal joint cylindric, perceptibly longer and

thicker than the second, the latter ovo-cylindric, 2? longer than

wide, thicker and much shorter than the next two; third 3 longer

than wide ; third to eighth gradually increasing in thickness and

decreasing in length, the eighth subglobular ; ninth to eleventh a

little more rapidly but gradually and almost continuously incras-

sate; ninth and tenth moderately transverse; eleventh gradually

pointed, as long as the preceding two. Prothorax subquadrate,

scarcely as long as wide, fully 2 wider than the head, moderately

dilated, parallel and rounded laterally toward apex, the sides per-

ceptibly convergent and broadly, feebly sinuate thence to the base ;

surface evenly convex, feebly and confluently biimpressed near the

base at the middle, the lateral fovea large and distinct, the lateral

edge acute near the fovea, becoming more obtuse again at the

base. Scutellum moderate in size. Elytra minutely and sparsely

punctulate, elongate-oval, strongly convex, 4 longer than wide,

24 times as long as the prothorax and fully 2 wider, the sides

broadly, evenly arcuate, gradually and continuously rounding and

convergent to the base of the prothorax, the humeral plica short

and only moderately prominent; subhumeral impression short,

the inner long and strong; subsutural impressions obsolete, the

suture minutely elevated toward base. Abdomen convex, sparsely

but strongly pubescent, the last two segments longer but together

shorter than the first four, the sixth parabolic, with a small exca-

vation at the apex. Legs long and slender, the femora very

feebly dilated toward tip, the anterior more distinctly ; hind tarsi

long and slender, with the basal joint as long as the next two, the

anterior stouter toward base and clothed beneath with long pale

hairs. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.62 mm.

Queen Charlotte Islands (Massett—Mr. J. H. Keen), Sitka—

Mannerheim and California—Motschulsky (possibly in error).

This distinct species may be identified immediately by the very

deep and conspicuous excavations of the head; the rather large

and very profound excavation above each eye was not observed

by either Mannerheim or Motschulsky.

The two specimens sent to me by Mr. Keen are evidently

males, but there are no visible crural modifications. The exca-

vation at the base of the head will prove to be perfectly asexual,

though the pits above the eyes, and particularly the tumidity of

492 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the front between the antenne, may possibly prove to be influ-

enced somewhat by sex in extent of development.

CATALINUS n. gen.

This genus has for its type, and only representative thus far

known to the writer, a small, very slender and linear species, de-

scribed by LeConte under the name Scydmenus angustus. It is

unmistakably allied to Scydmeenus in general organization, but

differs especially in the form and structure of the prothorax.

The eyes are subbasal, the palpi normal, with the fourth joint

slender and aciculate, and the scutellum very small and in great

part hidden by the arcuate base of the pronotum. The elytra

are evenly and broadly rounded or subtruncate at tip, with the

sutural angle right and only minutely blunt, entirely covering the

dorsal pygidium and mutually overlapping on the suture toward

apex, though only to an extremely slight degree. The charac-

ters of the under surface are those of Scydmenus, except that the

last ventral segment is not unusually developed; the hind cox

are very approximate, and the posterior tarsi moderate in length,

with the four basal joints subequal.

The prothorax is evenly obovoidal, with rounded base and

more broadly rounded apex, and is wholly devoid of any trace of

subbasal impressions or lateral fovee.

1. C. amgustus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 151

(Scydmezenus).

Linear and only slightly convex, polished, subimpunctate, black

or blackish with dark rufo-testaceous legs and antenne, the last

two abdominal segments also slightly pale ; pubescence moderately

abundant, indistinct anteriorly, very short, cinereous and closely

recurved on the elytra. Head well developed, transverse, evenly

convex and unimpressed, the eyes moderate in size, convex but

not very prominent, the tempora short and moderately rounded

to the neck, almost continuous with them in curvature; neck

wide ; clypeus moderately developed, paler in color, broadly and

continuously arcuate at tip, porrect with regard to the strongly

declivous front; labrum small, transverse; mandibles moderate.

Antenne rather longer than the head and prothorax, with a dis-

tinct 3-jointed club; second joint much shorter and slightly nar-

rower than the first, 2 longer than wide, narrowed toward base,

not quite as long as the next two and but slightly thicker; three

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 493

to eight increasing gradually and slowly in width, about as long

as wide and subglobular, the eighth distinctly wider than long,

oval; ninth about 3 wider than the eighth and but little narrower

than the tenth, both moderately transverse ; eleventh nearly as

iong as the two preceding. Prothorax quite distinctly longer

than wide and about + wider than the head, widest at about

apical third, the sides evenly and broadly rounded and gradually

convergent to the base, the basal angles obliterated; surface

evenly convex throughout. Hlytra elongate-oval, + longer than

wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and not more than

4 wider, widest and just visibly more arcuate at the sides at basal

2; sides parallel and broadly arcuate, the base but little wider than

the thoracic base ; subhumeral impression narrow, long, linear and

' distinct, the humeral plica fine and strong; outer fovea wholly ob-

solete, the inner distinct ; subsutural impressions very feeble, the

suture quite strongly elevated toward base, the ridge expanded

slightly at the basal margin. Legs rather short, the anterior

femora quite strongly, the intermediate moderately and the pos-

terior feebly, clavate. Length 0.85 mm.; width 0.28 mm.

California. The sex of the individual described is not deter-

minable.

OPRESINI.

The remarkable succession of minute species which constitute

this tribe are only beginning to be known, and almost all the types

here referred to are due to the patient and skillful collecting of

Mr. Schmitt, within a single limited section of country among the

mountains of Pennsylvania, to which I have already alluded.

Among the other tribes with the fourth palpal joint subulate and

oblique, they may be known at once by the rather long proster-

num before the coxe. They are assignable to three quite distinct

genera, which may be briefly defined as follows :—

Eyes median; neck strongly constricted; antennal cavities narrowly separated;

pronotum impressed at base.

Scutellum completely invisible and covered by the pronotum, the elvtral

SULUTE ENO’ MOCIMEM a. .cerssemeseeatedectseemecionccccss nse e-=teofsls seins Opresus

Scutellum distinct; elytral suture elevated and enveloping the scutellum.

Delius

Eyes anterior and less developed; antennal cavities more widely separated ;

neck moderately constricted; pronotum not impressed at base; scutellum

ISGIICH Tore. ceecccaacstedncd- cee emtec mearacnie thee costes gaictce sepa salivecient Neladius

ANNALS N. Y. AcAD. Sct., IX, May, 1897.—33.

494 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

It is almost certain that the Seydmenus ovithorax of Brendel,

forms another genus in this tribe; if this be not the case, how-

ever, there is no known representative west of the Missouri River.

OPRESUS nz. gen.

The species of this genus are the most minute of the Scydme-

nidz, and could only be compared with Ptilium of the Tricho-

pterygide in point of size. They are probably numerous, but only

three or four are known at present. The body is narrowly sub-

oval, feebly ventriculate, rather strongly convex, and clothed with

very short and rather sparse pubescence. The head is well de-

veloped, borne on a stout but deeply constricted and exposed

neck, and is but feebly inclined downward, the eyes median and

generally rather well developed, the antenne of the usual type in

neighboring tribes of the Scydmeznide subulipalpi, the three

outer joints forming a distinct club. Front between the antennal

cavities narrow, nearly vertical and somewhat prominent; labrum

transverse,truncate, the mandibles rather small, circularly rounded

externally. Prothorax obovulate, the subbasal markings fine,

consisting of two minute united median foveze and another near

each basal angle. Prosternum before the coxz rather long and

finely puberulent as inthe other genera of the tribe. Scutellum

completely wanting and covered by the pronotum. Elytra oval,

somewhat individually rounded at apex, the dorsal pygidium

exposed at tip and broadly rounded.

The middle coxe are contiguous, the posterior very narrowly

separated, the narrow process of the metasternum between them

deeply and finely cleft as in Scydmeenini, extending virtually to

the sides of the body. First ventral segment longer than the

next, the last two moderately elongate. Legs very short and

rather stout, the hind tarsi short, with the four basal joints equal;

claws short and strongly arcuate. Secondary sexual characters.

appear to be wanting.

The three species known to me may be separated as follows :—

Elytra each with two minute basal impressions, the vestiture finer and closely

decumbent, generally intermingled on the elytra with remote erect sete

which are short and inconspicuous ; body narrower, more punctulate

anteriorly.

Elytra less inflated, parallel and not more than 1g wider than the prothorax;

CYeS Ta bhenssmialersrenetctaes aces sn eiciiesc eciesie ox eeeeinea eee eee nee 1 misellus

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 495

Elytra more inflated and rounded at the sides, #6 wider than the pro-

RiLDO etsXecteteresioe ei ours seiise a batons stichislowia eso tislesiloialga biel ciel shelgeiclo stieit'oele sdialeatvc 2 luteus

Elytra each with a single much larger basal excavation ; pubescence less de-

cumbent, stiffer and not intermingled with erect ee on the elytra ; body

stouter, the head relatively smaller....................sceeeeeceeeeeeeeees 3 atomus

No representative of this genus has been taken very far west of

the Mississippi, as far as known to me, and it extends thence to

the Atlantic Ocean both north and south.

1. O. misellus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155 (Seyd-

mzenus).

Narrow, subparallel, moderately convex, polished, the head and

pronotum sparsely, finely and feebly punctulate, the elytra im-

punctate; body pale ferruginous throughout, the legs and an.

tenn flavescent ; pubescence very short, even and decumbent, fine |

pale in color and inconspicuous. Head wider than long, the base

truncate with the hairs somewhat longer and more bristling ; tem-

poral angles right but rounded; eyes rather small, at fully their

own length from the base; antennal prominences small, rounded,

quite conspicuous. Antenne slender, the club distinct and 3-

jointed ; two basal joints larger as usual. Prothorax obovoidal,

as long as wide, widest and more strongly rounded at apicai third,

the sides thence moderately convergent and broadly arcuate to

the base, + wider than the head : basal angles obtuse; disk evenly

and moderately convex, with two minute fovee at the middle sepa-

rated by more than 3 the width and connected by an anteriorly

arcuate channel, also with a small fovea at each side near the

basal angles in the same transverse line. Elytra oblong-oval,

only moderately convex, not connate, evenly and obtusely

rounded behind, 4 longer than wide, only just visibly more than

twice as long as the prothorax and scarcely 4 wider ; sides broadly

arcuate, just perceptibly more prominent near the middle, the

humeri slightly evident; suture not modified. Legs very short,

stout, the femora rather strongly clavate but short. Length 0.6

mm.; width 0.21 mm.

ears and Louisiana The species described by eran

under the name Scydmenus minimus, is perhaps not different

from this; it is the smallest species of the family known to me.

2. O. luteus n. sp.—Elongate, narrowly suboval, rather convex, polished,

sparingly clothed with very short, fine and decumbent whitish hairs, uni-

formly distributed throughout, with a few short and stiff erect setz on the

496 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

elytra ; body pale luteo-testaceous, the legs and antennal club slightly paler ;

head and pronotum finely, feebly and sparsely punctulate, the elytra impune-

tate. Head 15 wider than long, evenly convex above, the eyes somewhat far

down on the sides, convex, somewhat prominent, rather longer than the

tempora, which are feebly convergent and only slightly arcuate behind them

to the basal angles, the latter narrowly rounded ; antennal prominences small,

distinct, separated by 14 the maximum width. Antenne somewhat shorter

than the head and prothorax ; funicle slender, the club strong ; basal joint

cylindric, 34 longer than wide, as long as the next two ; second oval, about as

thick as the first, 2g longer than wide, longer than the next two and much

thicker ; three to six very small, subequal, slightly transverse ; seventh fully as

long as the sixth and 7% wider, transverse, slightly larger thau the eighth,

which is still more transverse ; ninth 34, tenth 114, wider than the eighth, 14

and %4 wider than long ; eleventh very short, not as lons as wide, triangular,

obtusely rounded at tip, much shorter than the two preceding and scarcely as

wide as the tenth.. Prothorax not quite as long as wide, 14 wider than the

head, widest and rounded at the sides at apical third, the sides convergent and

feebly arcuate to the base, which is slightly arcuate ; angles obtusely rounded;

disk evenly and moderately convex, with a fine but strong, transversely arcuate

line near the base, ending in slight fovese separated by more than 14 the width,

and with the usual fovea at each side in addition. Elytra oval, 44 longer

than wide, 2% times as long as the prothorax and % wider, with the sides

broadly and obtusely angulate just before the middle ; apex obtusely rounded;

humeri scarcely at all evident ; disk convex, the suture not at all modified.

Legs short, the femora moderately clavate. Length 0.65 mm.; width 0.24 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

The description applies to the male, the copulatory spicule

being finely acuminate at tip, but there is very little if any sexual

difference, and no secondary male characters. This species is.

closely allied to misellus, but is larger, more ventricose and more

convex. .

3. O. atomus n. sp.—Oval, stouter, strongly convex, feebly ventricose,

polished, impunctate and pale rufo-testaceous anteriorly, the elytra feebly,

sparsely and very finely punctulate and blackish, but pale toward base and

apex ; legs and antenne very pale, ferruginous ; pubescence rather abundant,

but very short, pale, stiff and strongly recurved on the elytra, mingled with a

few inclined stiff spicules at the extreme sides of the prothorax. Head rather

small, transverse, feebly convex above ; eyes quite large and convex, slightly

prominent, much longer than the tempora, which are strongly convergent

and circularly arcuate behind them to the neck ; antennal prominences very

feeble, separated by less than 44 the total width ; neck scarcely more than 14

as wide as the head. Antennx fully as long as the head and prothorax, the

club distinct but with the ninth joint much smaller than the tenth as in the

preceding species ; basal joint cylindric, 14 longer than wide ; second slightly

shorter and narrower, cylindric but gradually narrowed at base, % longer

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 497

than wide, longer than the next two and distinctly thicker ; three to six sub-

equal, the latter, perhaps, just visibly larger, moniliform, wider than long ;

seventh 2 wider, % wider than long, larger than the eighth, the latter

not wider than the sixth but a little more transverse ; ninth 34, tenth 1}¢,

wider than the eighth, obtrapezoidal, subsimilar, moderately transverse ;

eleventh short, conoidal, ogival at apex and not oblique, barely as long as

wide, much shorter than the two preceding and not quite as wide as the tenth.

Prothorax distinctly wider than long, the sides strongly rounded throughout,

widest scarcely before the middle, nearly 144 wider than the head, strongly

convex, with two fovez near the base separated by scarcely 1g the width and

united by a transverse and somewhat anteriorly arcuate channel, also with a

small fovea near each angle in the same line. Elytra evenly oval, not quite

1g longer than wide, 244 times as long as the prothorax and 7 wider ; sides

rounded rather strongly and very evenly ; apex narrowly parabolic ; humeri

not evident ; disk rather convex, widest near the middle, the suture not modi-

fied. Legs short but rather slender, the femora feebly clavate. Length

0.65 mm.; width 0.28 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

The general habitus of this species is very different from that

of the two preceding and, in connection with the single coarse,

deep and subpubescent fovea at the base of each elytron, would

almost seem to demand for it a separate subgenus. Sexual char-

acters have not been observed.

DELIUS n. gen.

This genus is closely allied to Opresus, but has the scutellum

exposed between the elytra, the legs longer, the hind tarsi moder-

ately elongate with the first four joints equal, short and oblique

at apex, the fifth normal and longer than the two preceding, and

the prothorax bristling on the flanks with stiff but short sete.

The hind coxe extend virtually to the sides of the body and are

extremely approximate, though apparently not quite contiguous.

The single species may be described as follows :—

1. D. robustulus n. sp.—Rather stout, slightly ventricose, very strongly

convex throughout, polished, impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous, the legs and

antennz paler, more flavate and translucent; pubescence short, pale, suberect

but strongly recurved, sparse, inconspicuous anteriorly but becoming extremely

dense and intermingled with stiff inclined spicules on the sides of the pro-

thorax, moderately coarse, even and distinct on the elytra. Head rather small,

slightly wider than long, the eyes well developed, median, convex and promi-

nent, the tempora strongly convergent and very feebly arcuate behind them

to the neck and nearly as long as the eyes; neck almost %% as wide as the

head; antennal prominences small and feeble, separated by less than 44 the

498 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

total width; third palpal joint stout and oval, the subulate fourth joint oblique

and slender. Antennzx as long as the head and prothorax, the club abruptand

strong; second joint as long as the first but much thinner, nearly twice as long

as wide, a little longer than the next two; three to six subequal, not apprecia-

bly narrower than the second and distinctly wider than long; seventh and

eighth equal in width and 7 wider, strongly conic in apical half, 14g and 4

wider than long; ninth and tenth very feebly obtrapezoidal, the sides nearly

parallel, fringed about the apex with short whitish hairs, 4 and once wider

than the eighth, similar in form but increasing slightly in size, 34 wider than

long; eleventh scarcely as wide as the tenth, not quite as long as the two pre-

ceding, longer than wide, ogival but not oblique at apex. Prothorax broadly

subovoidal, scarcely as long as wide, 34 wider than the head, widest before

apical third; sides broadly rounded, convergent and less arcuate toward base,

the latter arcuate, wider than the apex; basal angles obtuse and blunt; disk

evenly convex, with two small approximate and confluent fovez in the middle

near the base. Scutellum triangular, flat. Hlytra entire, slightly overlapping

toward tip as usual, rhomboid-oval, narrowly parabolic at apex, widest and

subprominent at the sides just before the middle, scarcely 7 longer than wide,

21g times as long as the prothorax and barely 44 wider; humeri slightly evi-

dent; humeral plica and impression both very small, the inner fovea more dis-

tinct, subsutural impressions obsolete, the suture finely beaded basally, the

bead expanding and strongly enveloping the scutellum at base. Legs slender,

the femora very feebly clavate, the anterior more distinctly. Length 0.68

mm.; width 0.28 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

No secondary sexual characters are visible in the two speci-

mens before me. The first four ventral segments are equal and

rather short, the last two moderately long.

NELADIUS 2. gen.

The single species composing this genus has an elongate and

very convex form of body, the elytra narrowed very gradually to

the extreme base of the prothorax and without trace of humeri,

somewhat as in the subgenus Parascydmus of the Scydmeenini ;

they are probably perfectly connate. The head is but feebly in-

clined, the neck wide, with the constriction simple and well ex-

posed, the antenne rather widely separated by the subvertical

front, the clypeus very short and broadly subtruncate at tip, the

labrum short but broad and truncate, and the mandibles moderate

in size, evenly arcuate and with the apices finely aciculate. The

maxillary palpi are of the usual form in the Scydmenini.

The middle and hind cox are contiguous, the latter trans-

versely suboval, not extending quite to the sides of the body, but

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 499

the metasternal side-pieces are nevertheless not visible; the meta-

sternum is more pubescent anteriorly and the male sexual char-

acters at the ventral apex moderately developed.

1. N. temuis n. sp.—Narrow, very convex, slightly ventricose, highly

polished and impunctate, very pale luteo-testaceous throughout, the antennz

and legs still paler ; integuments translucent ; pubescence sparse, short; pale,

evenly distributed throughout, even, coarser and recurved on the elytra. Head

as long as wide, evenly convex, the eyes small, situated before the middle and

down on the sides, feebly convex and not at all prominent, the tempora very

long, only feebly convergent and slightly arcuate behind them to the neck.

Antennz as long as the head and prothorax, slender, the club rather abrupt,

distinct but not strong ; second joint only slightly shorter and narrower than

the first, a little thicker than the following, feebly obconic, 24 longer than

wide ; third to sixth equal in width ; third distinctly, fourth and sixth very

‘slightly, shorter than wide ; fifth distinctly longer than wide ; seventh wider

and much longer than the eighth, slightly distorted, rather longer than wide,

% wider than the sixth ; eighth small and transverse ; ninth and tenth feebly

fusiform, 44 and once wider than the eighth, 14 and % wider than long ;

eleventh short, conoidal, not oblique, as wide as the tenth, only slightly longer

than wide and much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax as long as

wide, scarcely 14 wider than the head; widest slightly before the middle, the

sides evenly arcuate ; base arcuate, without distinct angles ; disk evenly con-

vex, wholly unmodified. Scutellum small, parallel, longer than wide, ob-

tusely rounded at apex. Hlytra fusiform, gradually and acutely pointed behind,

widest just before the middle, with the sides evenly and strongly arcuate,

nearly % longer than wide, 214 times as long as the prothorax and 3 wider,

each with two extremely small and feeble impressions at the basal margin ;

surface strongly, evenly convex, without trace of sutural impressions, the

suture finely beaded in basal sixth or seventh, the bead enveloping the

scutellum. Extreme tip of the dorsal pygidium exposed and broadly rounded.

Legs moderate in length, rather thick, the femora feebly swollen, the anterior

more strongly; hind tarsi nearly +5 as long as the tibiz, the four basal joints

almost exactly equal, the fifth slightly thicker, rather longer than the two

preceding. Length 0.75 mm.; width 0.26 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

The specimen described above is presumably a male, the tip of

the abdomen being narrowly rounded and the apparatus within

the dorsal and ventral plates, which are widely opened, quite com-

plicated ; there are visible on inferior rounded ligula and a supe-

-rior upturned spatulate member within the opening. The four

basal segments are subequal in length. The female is similar to

the male, but has the abdominal vertex broadly and obtusely

rounded,

500 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

CEPHENNIINI.

This tribe includes within our territories but one genus, con-

taining about five or six known species, of which three are here

described. These species are assignable to two subgenera. —

CEPHENNIUM Miller.

Europe appears to be the headquarters of this very peculiar

and isolated genus, and the species occurring there outnumber

the American about six to one, as far as known at present.

There is no other type of the family approaching very near to

Cephennium in structure, but Neuraphes may be considered a

connecting bond with the Scydmenini, and Eutheia with the

Chevrolatiini.

‘The body is oblong-oval, generally strongly convex, with the

prothorax about as wide as the elytra, having its lateral edges.

acute, the hypomera slightly concave, and the prosternum very

deeply emarginate through the width of the head and very short.

before the coxe, differing very radically in this respect from Eu-

theia. The head is small, triangular and strongly deflexed, so

that it is but slightly visible from above, the neck altogether un-

constricted and deeply imbedded in the prothorax, and the eyes.

basal when present. Clypeus not separated from the front, the

labrum small, variable in form accordirg to the subgenus. The

mandibles are generally stout, short and arcuate, and a compari-

son of them with those of Leptomastax, shows the most extreme

divergence in form known in the family. Maxillary palpi with

the first three joints nearly as in Huconnini and Scydmenini, but

with the fourth small, much more obscure and not subulate, short,.

stout and obtuse in form and spongy in structure, projecting

axially from the apex of the third. Antenne very widely separa-

ted, situated at the sides of the head before the eyes and not so

frontal as in most other types of the family; in our species the

club is incrassate and 3-jointed, the joints increasing rapidly in

thickness.

The pronotum is devoid of coarse sculpture, except a feeble

and occasionally subfoveiform depression near each of the basal

angles. Scutellum relatively large, transverse and rounded.

Elytra generally a little wider near basal third or 2 than at base,

the latter fitted closely to the thoracic base throughout the

width, the sides usually more or less acute for a short distance

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 501

behind the thoracic angles, and the subhumeral impression

strongly modified or absent, sometimes taking the form of a long

impressed line, the inner fovea well developed and always spongy-

pubescent, this being one of the most constant peculiarities of the

tribe and the one which declares most emphatically its relation-

ship with Neuraphes.

Mesosternum carinate, the mes-epimera dilated , prominent and

ciliate as usual, the metasternum very large, with the episterna

entirely covered by the elytra. Hind cox rather widely sepa-

rated and extending fully to the sides of the body. Legs rather

slender but short, the femora usually feebly or moderately cla-

vate, the hind tarsi moderate in length, with the first four joints

subequal, the fifth unusually short and subequal to the two pr eced-

ing in length, the ungues moderate.

The consistency of general form and habitus throughout this

genus is very remarkable, and species within the various sub-

genera are determined more by the summation of a large num-

ber of gradial differences, than by abrupt and radical divergencies

of structure. It is for this reason that marked departures in

structure are of much greater weight than they would seem to

possess when the tribe is compared, for example, with the Eucon-

nini, and, when a general revision of the Cephenniini is written, it

will probably prove necessary to subdivide it generically, but in

view of the paucity of material known from this country, it will

suffice for the purposes of this revision to merely indicate the two

subgenera as follows :—

Eyes well developed ; labrum small, semicircular; elytra without a long

acute lateral edge behind the thoracic angles but with a longitudinal im-

pressed discal line at base, rounded at tip conjointly, concealing the dorsal

pygidium ; mesosternum with a rounded, ee and scabrous area an-

teriorly at each side; tibize normal...................2..ctesececesseeecececcnsscnenene I

Eyes wanting ; nin short, transverse and arnene at apex ; mandibles less

developed ; elytra with a long, acute and prominent side margin behind the

thoracic angles, without a discal impressed line, the spongiose basal fovez

larger and very conspicuous, the surface subdepressed toward base, the apex

subtruncate, exposing a dorsal pygidium which is more declivous than in

allied European species; mesosternum without trace of the depressed

scabrous areas ; tibize strongly swollen toward tip.............-..cesseceeseeeees II

The first subgenus has occurred thus far only near the Atlantic

coast line, the second in the vicinity of San Francisco, Cali-

502 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Subgenus I.

Body stouter, dark brown, with rufo-testaceous elytra, the depressed meta-

sternal ‘areas small... sc..:teeneescmackeceeeacecnsescateeaen cece se ceers 1 corporosum

Body Jess stout and more uniformly colored, blackish-piceous, the metasternal

BLCAS TATE Ota cecscaceetieaneeeneeemmeeeneeenm esas akeces= tees eence aren 2 virginicum

Subgenus II.

Narrowly oblong and subparallel, pale luteo-testaceous throughout ; pubes-

cence shorter and more unequal..... ............0. see 3 anophthalmicum

1. C. corporosum Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 150.

Oblong-oval, stout, strongly convex, polished, impunctate ‘an-

teriorly, the elytra finely, feebly and very sparsely punctulate ;

antenne and anterior parts red-brown, the elytra and legs paler,

bright rufo-testaceous ; pubescence sparse, rather short anteriorly,

longer and coarse, pale and more conspicuous on the elytra but

strongly recurved. Head triangular, wider than long, the eyes

moderate in size and convexity, coarsely faceted and adjacent to

the prothorax ; antennal prominences large and pronounced ; pro-

duced front between the very widely separated antennz trans-

versely convex, evenly rounded at apex, fused with the clypeus

and coarsely, densely punctate laterally ; mandibles stout. <An-

tennz 4 as long as the body, the club distinct, gradually formed ;

second joint shorter than the first but equally stout, cylindric, 2

longer than wide, shorter than the next two but very much

stouter; three to six subequal and slightly elongate; seventh

much larger, fully + thicker, obconic, nearly 3 longer than wide;

eighth small, barely as wide as the seventh, short, cylindric, dis-

tinctly wider than long; ninth and tenth obtrapezoidal, ? wider

than, and twice as wide as, the eighth, distinctly wider than long;

eleventh still thicker, large, obliquely pointed and conoidal,

longer than the two preceding. Prothorax + wider than long,

rather more than twice as wide as the head, the apex feebly and

transversely arcuate, the base subequal in width and feebly bisinu-

ate; sides parallel, broadly arcuate and finely beaded; disk even,

with a large but feeble, rounded and foveiform impression near

each basal angle. Scutellum large, twice as wide as long, evenly

rounded. Elytra not longer than wide, a little less than twice as

long as the prothorax and not wider, the sides parallel and feebly

arcuate; apex subparabolic ; surface with a narrow, deep, straight

and excavated line on each, longitudinal in direction and rather

beyond outer third, extending from the basal margin not quite to

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 503

basal third; inner fovea small, pubescent and bearing a coarse

erect seta, its impression large and ovulate; suture not modified.

Legs moderate in length, the femora all very feebly clavate.

Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

New York (near the city). The single specimen was kindly

presented to me by the late Mr. Julich; its sex is not apparent.

2. C. virginicum n. sp.—Oblong-oval, strongly convex, polished, im-

punctate, the elytra extremely minutely and sparsely punctulate ; body black-

ish-piceous, slightly paler and rufescent anteriorly ; legs and antenne testa-

ceous ; pubescence sparse but pale, rather coarse and distinct, suberect and re-

curved on the elytra. Head triangular, nearly as long as wide, the eyes adja-

cent to the prothorax, moderately large, rather convex and coarsely faceted ;

antennal prominences large and rather distinct ; front prolonged and gradually

feebly declivous, transversely convex, strongly rounded at tip, the clypeus not

separated ; mandibles very stout, strongly arcuate, obliquely flattened

externally and closely surrounding the small semicircular labrum when

closed ; front slightly punctate at the sides. Antenne slender, gradually and

strongly clavate in the three outer joints, about 44 as long as the body, in

structure throughout almost exactly as in corporoswm, except that the second

joint is about as long as the first, as well as equally thick. Prothorax 34

wider than long, not more than twice as wide as the head ; apex broadly

arcuate, as wide as the base, the latter transverse and feebly bisinuate ; sides

parallel and just visibly arcuate ; basal angles right and having a very thick

short and elevated bead, not at all rounded ; disk even though broadly and

feebly impressed toward the basal angles, without trace of fovea. Scutellum

distinct but very transverse, more than twice as wide as long, parabolic.

Elytra rather longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax, and, at basal

third, a little wider, the sides broadly arcuate ; apex gradually and evenly

parabolic from before the middle ; flanksadjoining the thoracic angles slightly

acute; disk with a long even and nearly straight excavated line at each side

from the basal margin to basal third, slightly beyond outer third ; inner fovea

distinct, circular and spongiose but not setiferous, its impression rather

elongate ; suture not modified. Legs slender, moderate in length, the femora

all very feebly clavate. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Virginia (Norfolk). .

The metasternal plate, slightly prolonged between the hind coxe,

is deeply sinuate at the middle of its apex, the sinus almost ex-

actly equal in size and curvature to the apices. The type and

only specimen known to me is possibly a male, as the sixth ventral

is finely punctulate and setulose abruptly in apical half, and the

entire surface of the fifth is similarly but more coarsely asperato-

punctate, the remainder of the abdominal surface being unmodi-

fied.

504 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

This species is allied closely to corporosum, but differs in its

narrower form, darker color and still sparser vestiture, more elong-

ate head, thickened hind angles and obliterated foveiform impres-

sions of the pronotum, shorter and more angulate scutellum, longer

sublateral excavated line of the elytra and other characters, among

which may be noted the form of the sinus at the apex of the meta-

sternal intercoxal prolongation, which is here shallower and more

broadly rounded, the apices being narrower and more strongly

rounded. .

In corporosum the singular rugose and pubescent rounded de-

pression near the sides of the metasternum, at its anterior margin,

is quite small, extending through less than 2 of the metasternal

length, while in virginicum it is much larger, extending fully to

the middle. )

3. C. anophthalmicum Bndl.—Entomologica Americana, V, p. 194.

Narrowly oblong-oval, parallel, moderately convex, shining, im-

punctate, pale luteo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz

concolorous; vestiture moderately distinct, the hairs very short,

closely recurved and mingled with others which are sparse and

more erect, especially toward the tips of the elytra. Head parallel

and nearly straight at the sides in basal half,the eyes wholly want-

ing, narrowed anteriorly, the antenne inserted near the middle, the

prominences very feeble; front moderately prolonged, declivous an

evenly convex, the margin evenly rounded; mandibles small anit

only moderately stout. Antenne about as long as the head and

prothorax, slender, the 3-jointed club stout and very inerassate ;

second joint a little shorter than the first but nearly as stout, nar-

rowed at base, 2 longer than wide, shorter than the next two and

much stouter; three to six equal, rounded, submoniliform and

about as long as wide; seventh much larger, nearly 4 wider, oval,

more than + wider than long; eighth a little smaller than the

seventh but perfectly similar in form, rather darker in color than

the joints preceding or following ; ninth to eleventh very rapidly

and evenly increasing in width, the ninth and tenth transversely

oval, the eleventh ovoidal, gradually pointed, nearly 4 wider than

the tenth and longer than the two preceding. Prothorax 2 wider

than long, more than twice as wide as the head, slightly swollen

anteriorly and widest near apical third, the sides broadly rounded,

becoming slightly convergent and feebly sinuate toward base;

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 505

apex broadly rounded, the base transverse and feebly bisinuate;

basal angles right, not rounded; marginal bead fine and serially

punctulate ; surface evenly and strongly convex, feebly subex-

planate near the hind angles. Scutellum large, more than twice

as wide as long, broadly rounded behind. Elytra nearly 2 longer

than wide, barely as wide as the prothorax, slightly narrowed be-

hind the middle, the apex subtruncate ; side margins toward base

very acute, the humeral angles denticulate ; subhumeral impres-

sion completely obsolete ; each elytron with a single large circu-

lar fovea at the middle of its basal margin, the fovea densely

spongy-pubescent ; suture not modified. Legs short, the femora

rather distinctly clavate. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

California (Marin Co.). A very small species, apparently

local in habitat and readily identifiable by the absence of eyes and

peculiarities of elytral structure. It is represented before me by

three specimens. Secondary sexual characters are not evident.

This species is somewhat related to the European minimum,

but is larger and differs in its more depressed basal parts of the

elytra, with much more extended acute side margins in continua-

tion of the sides of the prothorax.

ASCYDMINI.

The single species, for which it appears to be necessary to pro-

pose a distinct tribal group, is not distinguished by any great sin-

gularity of habitus, but the palpal differences prevent it from

joining either the Cephenniini or Eutheiini, to the latter of which

it is probably most closely allied.

ASCYDMUS n. gen.

The maxillary palpi in this genus have a form which appears to

be unique in the family, although somewhat remindful of the Chev-

rolatiini, the third joint being oval in outline with its apex ob-

liquely truncate, the truncature being perfectly flat, spongiose in

structure and beset with numerous very short stiff and erect seta;

the fourth joint is wholly obsolete, its function probably being

performed by the terminal setose sensitive surface described.

Aside from this, there seems to be nothing very peculiar about

the type, although certain special structures, present also in Ceph-

ennium, Eutheia and Scydmenus, sufficiently prove its synthetic

nature. There is, for example,a rounded and subimpressed, scab-

506 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rous and densely setulose surface at each side of the metasternum

anteriorly as in Cephennium. The general aspect of the body,

distant hind coxe and structure of the elytral apices, with the

exposed dorsal pygidium, remind us of Eutheia; but the pro-

sternum is short before the coxe, and the prothorax is of a wholly

different form. The antennz remind us of Scydmeznus, except

the very slender pellucid connecting pedicels of the outer joints,

but the nuchal constriction is anteriorly arcuate, the hind cox

distant, and the prothorax of a different form. All these dispari-

ties, taken in connection with the remarkable structure of the

palpi, force us to regard the single minute representative as the

type of a distinct tribe. Other generic features will be alluded to

in the description given below.

1. A. tener n. sp.—Narrowly suboblong, moderately convex, the elytra

very feebly inflated, polished, impunctate anteriorly, the elytra sparsely punc-

tulate, rather strongly toward base; body rufo-testaceous, the legs and antennze

very pale, flavo-testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, moderately long,

coarse and pale, suberect but recurved on the elytra, less distinct anteriorly

and with a few longer erect sete. Head well developed, strongly transverse

and triangular, the eyes large, convex, prominent, basal and coarsely faceted,

the tempora extremely short and transverse to the neck, which is wide, the

dorsal constriction feeble and anteriorly arcuate ; vertex not at all impressed ;

antennal prominences rather marked ; front evenly convex and moderately de-

clivous between the antennz to the apex of the clypeus, the latter very

small, not at all developed laterally, subtruncate at apex and with broadly

rounded angles ; labrum small, transverse ; mandibles well developed, very

slender at apex. Antenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, slen-

der, gradually and moderately incrassate toward tip ; second joint distinctly

shorter but scarcely narrower than the first, scarcely as long as the next two

but thicker, cylindric-oval, 1 longer than wide ; third smallest, somewhat

distorted and a little darker in color, slightly wider than long, the

inner side longer than the outer; fourth and fifth subequal, almost as

thick as the second, slightly elongate ; sixth a little shorter and narrower

than the fifth ; seventh 14 longer than the sixth, subglobular; eighth a

little larger, subglobular, scarcely as long as wide ; ninth and tenth grad-

ually slightly larger, rather wider than long ; eleventh somewhat thicker,

not as long as the two preceding, obliquely and obtusely pointed ; last two or

three joints mutually connected by extremely slender and translucent stipites.

Prothorax almost exactly quadrate, very feebly rounded and narrowed at apex,

the sides thence subparallel and nearly straight to the base, fully 14 wider

than the prothorax ; surface very faintly impressed transversely in the middle

near the base, also with a small deep and elongate fovea at each side near the

side margin, the latter subacute toward base. Scutellum rather large and con-

spicuous, equilatero-triangular. lytra scarcely %£ longer than wide, obvi-

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 507

ously more than twice as long as the prothorax and about 14 wider, oblong-

oval in form, slightly widest and with the sides just visibly more rounded be-

hind basal %¢ ; sides feebly arcuate ; humeri somewhat traceable but not at all

prominent ; apices broadly and individually rounded, the dorsal pygidium

well exposed in the entering angle, long and acutely rounded ; basal, sutural

and humeral impressions obsolete ; each elytron with two small fovex at the

basal margin, the outer the larger. Abdomen with the basal segment longer

than the second, the fifth moderate ; sixth long, much developed, narrowly

rounded, with its surface evenly convex and sloping slightly upward. Meso-

sternum carinate, the side-pieces protuberant and setose. Metasternum very

long, densely hairy along its anterior margin throughout the width ; posterior

edge between the coxze transverse and slightly prominent at each side; epi-

sterna entirely covered. Legs short; femora all feebly clavate; hind tarsi

short, with the four basal joints subequal in length. Length 0.75-0.8 mm.;

width 0.3-0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.) ; Massachusetts (Dracut).

The description is taken from the male, but there are no obvious

secondary modifications; the female is a little more ventricose,

with relatively smaller head and prothorax.

The specimens taken by Mr. Blanchard, under pine bark, in

Massachusetts, do not seem to differ from those sent by Mr.

Schmitt, showing that this remarkable type is not confined to

mountainous districts.

KUTHEIINI.

The tribe Eutheiini is allied to the Cephenniini in many of its

structural features, but differs very greatly in the head, which is

here porrect and not deflexed, and borne ona distinct, though ex-

tremely wide, neck, with the constriction exposed. It differs

equally strongly in the form of the prosternum before the coxe,

which, instead of being deeply emarginate and very short, is

rather long and well developed. The genera appear to he three

in number as follows :—

Hind cox widely separated; body larger in size.

Mesosternum broad aud perfectly flat; sides of the prothorax acute through-

out the length; nuchal constriction transverse and well marked above, the

vertex not bifoveate; antennz only moderately enlarged toward tip.

Eutheia

Mesosternum strongly carinate; sides of the prothorax acute and margined

only toward base; nuchal constriction more feeble above, anteriorly arcu-

ate and involving two fovee at the base of the vertex; last antennal joint

much inflated and enclosing a large, conspicuous spongy-pubescent cavity.

Veraphis

Hind cox very moderately separated; head without impressions; body minute

AMINSIZETPNETICLEL | cece cee seneceoaqoeceee att teacch cvendatendeensenwaomaserse Euthiodes

508 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

I have tried without much success to discover the true form of

the fourth palpal joint in Eutheia and Veraphis ; it is excessively

minute or obscure, and, in some species, the third joint seems to

be slightly oblique at apex, the fourth being a small and obtusely

rounded anchylosed prolongation ; in others it cannot be made out

at all by reflected light, and it would be necessary to detach the

palpus and mount it in Canada balsam in order to discover its

true form. The palpi are much less developed than in Cephenniini,

rather slender, the second joint shorter than the third, which is

narrowly fusiform, pointed and coarsely pubescent.

EUTHEIA Steph.

The species described below agrees in every essential generic

feature with H. scydmznoides of Europe, and is the only true Eu-

theia known to me at present from the American continent. Eu-

theia * is not at all closely related to Cephennium, although the

two have been placed in the same tribal group by recent Huropean

writers. The well developed prosternum before the coxze and

form of the head, are the principal characters which necessitate a

tribal separation.

1. K. americana on. sp.—Parallel, feebly convex, finely and closely

punctured throughout, pale luteo-testaceous, the antennz and legs concolorous,

the head blackish ; prothorax blackish-piceous, paler at the basal and apical

margins; pubescence extremely short and evenly recurved, quite dense

throughout, coarse, cinereous and distinct. Head much wider than long, very

feebly convex, the eyes large and convex, occupying the entire sides behind

the antenne, finely faceted, the facets convex ; antennal prominences small

but distinct ; front between the antenne narrowly parabolic, abruptly vertical

to the clypeus, which is very short and truncate ; labrum minute, transverse,

truncate ; mandibles small, circularly arcuate. Antenne slender, % as long as

the body, gradually and very moderately incrassate ; basal joint about as long

*The particular combination of letters given by Stephens to designate this

genus was Eutheia ; for any subsequent author or set of authors to state that

this was not a proper designation, but that ‘‘Euthia’’ must be substituted

for it, is obviously a kind of impertinent meddling which would produce in-

tolerable confusion if carried to its logical—or rather illogical, end. Another

equally flagrant case is the change of Brentus Fabr. into Brenthus. Generic

words are not a part of ordinary language and should not be subject to anv of

the usual rules of etymology, which are always inconstant and capricious ; they

are mere permutations and combinations of letters, used as symbols for genera

simply because numbers, or other serial symbols, do not admit of inter-

polations.

ae aie

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 509

as the next two, thicker than the second, which is oval, narrowed at base, 2¢

longer than wide, nearly as long as the next two and somewhat thicker ; third

smallest, parallel, 76 wider than long, much narrower than the fourth, which

is fully as long as wide; fourth to eighth increasing evenly and slowly in

width, eighth to tenth a little more rapidly ; fifth somewhat rounded, nearly

as long as wide ; sixth to tenth obtrapezoidal ; sixth and seventh %, eighth %,

ninth 3%, tenth 14, wider than long; eleventh barely as wide as the tenth,

conoidal, not as long as the two preceding, indented slightly and spongiose in-

ternally near theapex. Prothorax 7 wider than long, 34 wider than the head,

widest slightly before the middle, the sides broadly rounded, becoming

straight toward base, the latter transverse, about as wide as the apex, which is

broadly arcuate ; basal angles pronounced, not at all blunt; disk evenly con-

vex, broadly impressed toward the hind angles, with a deep and rounded fovea

at the middle, and another at each side near the base, with a small feeble fovea

intermediate at each side and still more basal. Scutellum small, semicircular.

Elytra %; longer than wide, more than twice as long as the prothorax and just

visibly wider ; sides parallel and feebly, evenly arcuate ; apex abbreviated

and broadly truncate ; each elytron with two subfoveate basal impressions, the

outer slightly the larger; suture elevated at base about the scutellum. Ex-

posed part of the dorsal pygidium wider than long, moderately declivous, para-

bolic. Legs rather short, slender, the femora extremely feebly swollen ; hind

tarsi relatively very long, almost as long as the tibize, very slender, with the

four basal joints decreasing very slowly in length. Basal segment of the ab-

domen almost as long as the next three and as long as the sixth, the latter

parabolic. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.38 mm.

Pennsylvania ( Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The mesosternum is trapezoidal, flat, impunctate, extending to

the middle of the intermediate acetabula and separated from the

metasternum by a fine subelevated suture; the metasternal pro-

cess has two short, feebly diverging lines from the apex along the

margins of the acetabula. The individual described is a male.

VERAPHIS n. gen.

The head and mesosternum in this genus differ very radically

from the same parts in Hutheia, and, as the name EHuthiodes was

applied by Dr. Brendel to a type species described as Euthiodes

lata, which seems to differ generically from his Huthiodes [ Vera-

phis| cristata, it becomes necessary to give ita new name. The

general form of the body, truncate elytra and exposed dorsal pygi-

dium are nearly as in Hutheia, but the upper surface is more con-

vex, the elytra more inflated, the antennze much more incrassate

at tip and the sculpture or punctuation of the integuments less

pronounced.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, May, 1897.—34.

510 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The head is borne on a very short and broad neck, the dorsal

constriction being much more feeble than in Eutheia and anteriorly

arcuate, losing itself in a broad general depression at the base of

the vertex, where there are two rather approximate and shallow

fovere. The last joint of the antenne is very large and is deeply

excavated, the excavation being suggested. however, in a rudi-

mentary manner, in certain species of Hutheia. The prothorax is

generally transverse, with the lateral edges obtusely rounded, ex-

cept toward base where they become acutely margined and finely

beaded, the prosternum rather long before the coxz exactly as in

Eutheia. The scutellum is well developed, similar to that of

Eutheia, but altogether different from the form assumed in Cephen-

nium, where it is strongly transverse. Other characters of a gen-

eric nature may be noted in the detailed description of cavicornis

and capitata given below.

The species supposed to be assignable to Veraphis may be indi-

cated as follows :—

Elytra finely punctulate or subimpunctate; pronotum with a generally short

transverse impressed line near the base.

Head not carinate.

Rufo-testaceous, the pronotum not canaliculate.

Prothorax at least as long as wide [ LeConte. |

Basal foveze of the pronotum three in number, the transverse im-

PRESSION ‘SHFON KG). 55226. cose coe see ceanelsceee marcos st eae 1 impressa

Basal fovez five in number, the impression fine......... 2 longula

Prothorax distinctly wider than long.

Eyes larger, the tempora much shorter than the eyes and strongly

convergent behind them ; mandibles circularly rounded externally.

3 Cavicornis

Eyes small, the tempora behind them subparallel, almost straight

and as long as the eyes ; mandibles falcate, larger, strongly rounded

ab MASe OX FERMALL Ye. sciic.cjces vac vce emecidsbecueaeoe ese er eeeee 4 capitata

Black, the elytra testaceous ; pronotum with a feeble longitudinal im-

DUGSSIONE Se oesee osatencesnceuenecadaceens dslnnce eiamad c-cahes 5 scitula

Head with a short longitudinal carina..................0cccceeeeeneeeeee 6 cristata

Elytra distinctly punctured, the pronotum without a transverse impressed

VAM Goose data ets sit toedstnctcee sence ten dette na ceeded Sacsaides aah Aah eRe EEE eee eS 7 colon

These species are all unknown to me in nature except cavicornis

and capitata, which are to be regarded as types of the genus;

they are distributed over the entire country from the Atlantic to

the Pacific, although apparently preferring northern latitudes or

high altitudes and appear to be extremely rare, being represented

for the most part by unique examples at present.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 511

1. V. impressa Lec.—Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., V, No. 3, p. 513 (Euthia).

Dark rufo-testaceous, shining, sparsely pubescent. Head con-

vex, smooth; vertex with two small fovee. Prothorax smooth,a

little longer than wide, rounded on the sides, narrowed near the tip;

disk convex, with a deep transverse line near the base upon which

is a small medial puncture; near the hind angle at each side there

is a small elongate fovea. Elytra convex, scarcely perceptibly

punctulate. Length 1 mm.

California (Lake Tahoe). It may be strongly doubted that the

prothorax is longer than wide, as stated above by LeConte; it

would be a most remarkable form for the present tribe.

2. ¥. lemgula Lec.—Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., V, No. 3, p. 513 (Euthia).

Hlongate, rufo-testaceous ; antenne and legs yellow; elytra

from the first third nearly to the tip darker; pubescence sparse

and rather coarse. Head with two large shallow fovez. Pro-

thorax longer than wide, not narrowed in front, slightly rounded

at the sides, marked with a transverse impressed line near the

base; upon this line are situated two large punctures each side

and a smaller one at the middle. Elytra sparsely punctulate.

Length 1 mm. ;

Colorado (Garland). This species is apparently represented

only by the unique type in the cabinet of LeConte. If the form

of the prothorax is as stated in the original description given

above, this must be a very singular form, but the tendency of the

author referred to is, as I have several times before had occasion

to remark, to greatly magnify the length of a part in terms of its

width. In the figures accompanying the revision of LeConte

(1. e.), the prothorax of longula as delineated is as long as wide,

that of impressa a little wider than long.

3. V. Cavicornis n. sp.—Oblong-suboval, rather convex, polished, im-~-

punctate, the elytra extremely minutely, sparsely and feebly punctulate; pubes-

cence rather sparse, inconspicuous anteriorly, rather long coarse pale and

strongly recurved on the elytra, intermingled with a few erect. sete. Head

much wider than long, broadly impressed basally, the constriction feeble in the

depression, the fove small and shallow, separated by less than 14 of the total

width, the surface between them and thence anteriorly for a short distance

scarcely noticeably convex but closely and asperately punctulate; eyes rather

large and convex, somewhat finely faceted; front transversely angulate between

the widely distant antennz, then rapidly declivous to the clypeus, which is

very short and rectilinearly truncate; labrum transverse. Antenne barely as

512 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

long as the head and prothorax, extremely stout toward apex; basal joint cy-

lindric, not more than 3¢ longer than wide, not quite as long as the next two

but much stouter; second feebly obconic, scarcely 14 longer than wide, shorter

than the next two and decidedly stouter; third and fourth cylindric, equal in

width, quadrate and distinctly shorter than wide respectively; fifth and sixth

subequal in width and fully 1g wider, 14 and 44 wider than long; seventh 14,

eighth 14 wider than the sixth, both very short and transverse; ninth and tenth

extremely short, transverse and obtrapezoidal, 14 and 44 wider than the eighth,

more than twice as wide as long; eleventh 74 wider than the tenth, as long as

the preceding three combined, oval, obtusely pointed, with a very large

spongy-pubescent cavity internally near the apex. Prothorawx a little more than

14 wider than long, 14 wider than the head, the sides feebly convergent and

straight from near apical third to the base, rounded at apex, the latter broadly

arcuate; base transverse; basal angles slightly obtuse but not at all blunt,

slightly superposed upon the elytral base within the humeri; disk strongly

convex, with five subbasal foveze, the median transversely dilated, the lateral

strongest. Scutellum large, semicircular, slightly rugose. Elytra oval, widest

at the middle, with the sides parallel and even arcuate, 7 longer than wide,

21¢ times as long as the prothorax and fully % wider, broadly truncate at tip

and individually somewhat anteriorly oblique and rounded toward the sutural

angle; humeral plica very minute, the subhumeral impression short and basal;

inner fovea very deep and perforate along the scutellar bead, oval with pubes-

cent edges; disk with a feeble impression near the suture nearly throughout

the length; suture with a flat and abruptly elevated bead toward base, extend-

ing strongly about the scutellum. Dorsal pygidium only partially exposed,

parabolic. Legs moderate in length, the femora feebly clavate; hind tarsi ex-

tremely slender but much shorter than the tibiz, with the basal joint about as

long as the next two. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Utah (Park City). Mr. Schwarz.

It is possible that the remarkable cavity in the eleventh an-

tennal joint may be partly sexual in origin, but there is nothing

else about the two specimens before me to indicate the male; in

fact the rather abbreviated last segments of the abdomen are

usually more characteristic of the female.

4. V. capitata n. sp.—Oblong, rather strongly convex, polished, im-

punctate, the sparse and fine punctulation of the elytra-searcely visible, pale

rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz concolorous ; pubescence

short, pale and inconspicuous anteriorly,-short, sparse and strongly recurved

on the elytra, intermingled with sparse erect sete. Head distinctly wider than

long, the eyes small and only slightly convex, at their own length from the

base, the tempora just visibly convergent and very feebly arcuate behind them

to the abrupt but feeble nuchal constriction, the latter strongly and anteriorly

arcuate on the upper surface, the fovez distinct, separated by 4 of the entire

width and finely tuberculiferous; intermediate and anterior surface very feebly

convex and wholly sculptureless ; front broadly subangulate between the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 513

widely separated antennz, then rapidly declivous, the clypeus very short,

broadly arcuate at apex ; labrum small, transverse ; mandibles large, falcate;

palpi slender, the third joint blackish, remainder testaceous. Antenne slightly

longer than the head and prothorax, the club very stout and incrassate ; first

joint oval, 14 longer than wide, as long as the next two, slightly stouter than

the second, which is oval, 1g longer than wide, as long as the next two and

distinctly Sige third and fourth equal in width, suboval, 14 and 144 wider

than long ; fifth oral sixth a little wider, very Sale: and quite dicinatiy’

wider than long respectively ; seventh and eighth still wider and more trans-

verse, equal in width, 14 and 34 wider than long; ninth and tenth darker in

color, blackish, obtrapezoidal, transverse, 34 and once wider than the eighth,

84 wider than, and more than twice as wide as, long, respectively ; eleventh

only slightly wider than the tenth, oval, not as long as wide, not longer than

the two preceding, very obtuse, with a large spongiose cavity on the inner side

near the apex. Prothorax %£ wider than long, nearly 34 wider than the head ;

sides parallel, broadly rounded anteriorly, straight toward base, the latter

broadly, feebly bisinuate, the angles not at all blunt ; apex broadly arcuate ;

disk having a short transverse subbasal impression at the middle, with a small

and feeble fovea near it at each side, and a large, deep and oval fovea near

each basal angle. Scutellum large, subparabolic, subscabrous, broadly rounded

at tip and fully as long as wide. Elytra 7 longer ian wide, parallel, with

the sides a little more prominently arcuate at basal 7¢, fully 2 v, times as long

as the prothorax and 1g wider, broadly truncate at tip, with the sutural angle

somewhat rounded ; humeral plica narrow, strong but short, the subhumeral

impression deep, slightly elongate ; inner fovea large and deep ; disk not ob-

viously impressed along the suture, the latter with a flat and abrupt bead

toward base, broadly enveloping the scutellum. Dorsal pygidium only half

exposed, broadly rounded. JLegs slender, the femora very feebly swollen.

Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The hind cox are separated by about 2 of their own width,

the metasternum only feebly produced Between them and broadly,

feebly sinuate in circular arc throughout the width, the first ab-

dominal segment shorter than the next three, the sixth large and

parabolic. The metasternum is finely carinate along the middle

anteriorly, the carina increasing in elevation until it meets the

strong mesosternal keel. The first joint of the hind tarsi is fully

as long as the next two combined.

This species can be readily distinguished from cavicornis by

several strongly accentuated structural differences, which are

however in no way generic or subgeneric in nature. The sex of

the unique type is not determinable.

5. WV. scitula Makl.—Bull. Mosc., 1852, p. 330 (Eutheia).

Black, shining ; antennae, legs and elytra testaceous ; prothorax

514 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and elytra obsoletely punctulate, the former subquadrate, finely

canaliculate, depressed and bifoveate at each side posteriorly ;

elytra truncate. Length 4 lin.; width ¢ lin.

Alaska (Sitka). It is possible that this may be a true Eutheia,

as no mention is made of the fovez of the vertex so characteristic

of Veraphis.

6. V. cristata Bndl.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, 1893, p. 284 (Eu-

thiodes).

Extremely finely and sparsely punctulate, the head carinate in

the middle, and, on either side of the carina, impressed. Pro-

notum with an abbreviated basal line, a conspicuous fovea 4+ the

length of the disk from the base, and, on either side in the middle,

between the medial and the anteriorly prolonged lateral fovea,

there is a deep puncture; basal angles explanate. Length 1.2 mm.

Pennsylvania (Cambria Co.). Mr. Schwarz informs me that he

also has taken this species, or one closely allied, in the Alleghany

Mountains, and that in his opinion the cephalic carina is not a

sexual character.

7. WV. colom Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Il, 1868, p. 131; Lec.: Bull.

U.S. Geol. Sury., V, No. 3, p. 514 (Euthia).

Testaceous, shining, sparsely clothed with suberect yellow

hairs ; head scarcely punctured. Prothorax quadrate, moderately

convex; sides rounded in front, gradually narrowing behind ;

hind angles distinct; base truncate with a transverse row of six

large punctures. EHlytra moderately convex, coarsely punctured,

pubescent and with two black spots at the posterior third.

Length .04 inch [1.0 mm.]. One specimen from Fort Grant,

. Arizona. The elytra are of a paler color than the rest of the body

and more densely pubescent.

The above is the description of Dr. Horn; that of LeConte is

virtually as follows :—

Elongate, ferruginous, shining, clothed with short, sparse and

coarse yellowish pubescence. Head punctulate, feebly impressed.

Prothorax a little wider than long, rounded on the sides, slightly

narrower in front than at the base, which is finely margined at the

middle but without a transverse impressed line; disk punctulate ;

the two large basal punctures [at each side] are confluent, and the

middle one is smaller. Elytra distinctly punctulate. Length

1 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 515

Arizona and California (San Diego Co.). Two specimens are

known.

EUTHIODES Bndl.

The characters relating to the palpi, which were given by Dr.

Brendel to distinguish this genus from Eutheia, may be assumed

te be doubtful; it is stated that the third and fourth joints are

united in a thick fusiform body sharply pointed. The antennz

are said to be strongly geniculate, and the posterior coxe very

moderately separated—which is the substance of the entire de-

scription. In the drawing accompanying the description, the hind

body is much inflated, in a way quite foreign to Veraphis or

Kutheia, and the fourth palpal joint is represented as large, conical

and conspicuous, inserted axially in the tip of the third, the latter

short and obconic. The following species is the type :—

1. E. latus Bndl.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, 1893, p. 283.

Coarsely, faintly and sparsely punctured at the sides of the

elytra, otherwise impunctate; vertex without impressions, the

pronotum with a median subbasal puncture, a longitudinal elon-

gate fovea near each basal angle, and, between this and the middle

one, two confluent punctures. Elytra 4 longer than wide.

Length 0.66 mm.

Iowa. The non-foveate head, very moderately separated hind

cox and minute size, make it highly improbable that this species

can be congeneric with the cristata of the same author. It may

possibly prove to be a species of Ascydmus, in which case that

name would have to be replaced by Euthiodes, and the tribe

known as the Euthiodiini.

CHEVROLATIINI.

The single known genus of this tribe contains but few species,

exceedingly rare in individuals and distributed perhaps about

equally in Europe, northern Africa and eastern North Amer-

ica; it is not known thus far from the Pacific coast regions of the

American continent. It is a very isolated type, but aside from

the radically different form of the head, seems to have considerable

affinity with the Eutheiini, especially through Veraphis.

CHEVROLATIA Duval.

The body is subdepressed, with truncate elytra and a largely

exposed and feebly declivous dorsal pygidium as in Eutheiini.

516 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Head feebly declivous, exserted and borne on an elongate and

rather strongly but not abruptly constricted neck, almost similar

to that of the Lophioderini, and, in an almost similar manner, the

dorsal surface of the neck and basal parts of the vertex are

deeply excavated. Eyes large, convex, median and prominent ;

front narrowed and gradually elevated beyond the eyes, the an-

tennz attached under the tip and approximate at base, monili-

form, gradually and feebly incrassate, devoid of distinct club, and

equally strongly sculptured and finely, though not densely, pubes-

cent from base to apex. Clypeus very short, not visible from

above, broadly and very feebly sinuate at apex, the labrum large,

' transverse, circularly sinuate at the middle, the apices more nar-

rowly rounded. Mandibles short, very stout, arcuate, somewhat

angulate externally near the base, the apices acute but not finely

aciculate. Third palpal joint large, stout, finely and denselv

pubescent, the fourth represented by a large and oblique, feebly

convex and spongiose apical truncature; it is attached to the

short and stout second joint by a small, abruptly curved and bulbi-

form peduncle, Labial palpi minute, slightly dilated and strongly

setose at apex. Mentum rather small, subquadrate, its surface

strongly convex. Maxillary cardo large and conspicuous, the

lobe elongate, densely setose at tip and more sparsely and

coarsely so along its outer edge. Prothorax strongly carinate at

each side toward base, the prosternum well developed, flat, twice

as wide as long and densely pubescent before the coxe, which are

ovo-conoidal and contiguous, their cavities confluent, broadly

open behind and closed by the mesosternum, which is horizon-

tally and shallowly biexcavated for the reception of the coxe; an-

terior margin of the double acetabulum cuspid; trochantin com-

pletely wanting. Mesosternum tumid and elevated above the me-

tasternum, slightly prominent along the middle anteriorly but

scarcely carinate, sending a long process between the middle

cox, the latter conical and rather narrowly separated; side-

pieces tumid and pubescent as usual. Metasternum large,

densely pubescent along its entire anterior margin, finely carinate

along the middle, gradually more strongly anteriorly, the carina

obsolete posteriorly ; parapleurz concealed by the elytra but

turned inward slightly behind to meet the hind coxe, which are

small, oval and very remotely separated, more so than in any

other genus of the family, the metasternal edge between them

Coleopterological Notices, VII. d1T

broadly, feebly and evenly sinuate. First ventral segment longer

than the next three together, the latter short; fifth but slightly

longer than the fourth, the sixth elongate, parabolic, longer than

the first. Legs moderate, the hind trochanters small; femora

moderately clavate; hind tarsi filiform, much shorter than the

tibiz, the basal joint 4 longer than the second, the next two

equal, the fourth a little shorter, the fifth fully as long as the first

two together ; joints stout, strongly oblique at apex ; ungues slen-

der, moderately arcuate.

1. C. amoena Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1866, p. 370.

Somewhat narrow and shining, impunctate, pale rufo-testaceous

throughout ; pubescence distinct, closely recurved, long and brist-

ling at the basal parts of the head and on the neck. Head a little

longer than wide. Antenne a little longer than the head and pro-

thorax, the basal joint somewhat longer than the next two to-

gether; outer joints gradually wider; eight to ten slightly trans-

verse ; basal part of the vertex and the neck deeply depressed,

longitudinally and feebly ridged along the sides. Prothorax dis-

tinctly longer than wide, fully 2 wider than the head, obliquely

narrowed anteriorly from near the middle, the sides parallel and

straight in more than basal half; disk with a strong longitudinal

carina near the base at the middle, and, on each side, transversely

impressed, the impression interrupted at outer third. Scutellum

small, rounded. Elytra 4 longer than wide, rather more than

twice as long as the prothorax and fully 4 wider; sides feebly sub-

prominent just before the middle; humeri quite evident ; humeral

‘plica and impression narrow but feeble, the inner fovea large,

deep, pubescent at its anterior margin; suture beaded, the bead

wide, dilated and enveloping the scutellum at base. Legs mod-

erate in length. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.63 mm.

Georgia (Savannah). It is not possible to state definitely

whether this is the species described by LeConte under the name

amena, from Washington, D. C., and the vicinity of New York

City ; the above description is based upon a specimen borrowed

from Mr. Schwarz for the purpose, and has never been compared

carefully with the type; it is apparently a male, as the anterior

trochanters are obtusely prominent behind. The original descrip-

tion is wholly inadequate, and the statement that the fourth pal-

pal joint is narrow and subulate (Class. Col. N. A., 2 ed., p. 84) is

518 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

unaccountably erroneous. But very few examples have ever been

taken.

This species apparently occurs only in the low sea-board plains

of the Atlantic coast, and thus far exclusively in the neighborhood

of large cities; the probability of its European origin may there-

fore be an open question for the present. The genus seems, how-

ever, to be represented in Mexico by a species different from any

known in Europe, and recently described by Mr. Croissandeau

(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1893, p. 231).

LEPTOSCYDMINI.

This tribe, though very limited thus far in extent, is important

from a taxonomic standpoint,in the fact that it constitutes a bond

between the ordinary forms of the subfamily, through the Chey-

rolatiini, and the exceedingly isolated Eumicrini which follow.

Its affinity with Chevrolatiini is proved by the truncate elytra,

exposed, flat and declivous pygidium, the latter being however

much more inclined than in that tribe, and by the conformation of

the metasternal side-pieces, these being narrow and concealed by

the elytra but becoming inwardly prominent behind and partially

enclosing the coxe. With the Eumicrini its relationship is in-

dicated by the nearly but not quite vertical pygidium, and slight-

ly arcuate subapical sutures of the abdomen, absence of basal

modifications of the elytra, convex form of body and general

facies. It differs very radically from both the tribes mentioned

in the structure of the front, as explained in the table previously

given.

LEPTOSCYDMUS n. gen.

The body in this genus is narrowly suboval and very convex,

with trunctate elytra and strongly declivous pygidium. Head

well developed, feebly inclined, the neck abruptly and deeply con-

stricted, the constriction perfectly simple and transverse, the eyes

small, anterior and on the sides. Antenne very approximate in in-

sertion, rather short, gradually and strongly incrassate toward tip

but with the last three joints forming a rather indistinctly differ-

entiated club. Clypeus flat, porrect, moderate in length, the lab-

rum small, short and transverse. Mandibles moderate in devel-

opment, dentate within as usual, the portion between the tooth

and the apex rather slender, feebly arcuate, very gradually and

—

Coleopterological Notices, VII. . 519

‘ {

finely pointed and apparently extremely minutely and feebly ser-

rulate within to near the apex. Maxillary palpi very moderate in

size, the third joint rather slender, ovo-obconic, with the terminal

axial button small and obtuse, the labial palpi very minute. Men-

tum large, flat, polished and sculptureless, trapezoidal. Protho-

rax subcordate, strongly convex, feebly foveate near the base, the

prosternum well developed and pubescent before the cox. Scu-

tellum excessively minute but present in both species, only visible

under high amplification. LElytra oval, strongly convex, devoid

of the feeblest trace of basal impression, fitted evenly and closely

against the broadly arcuate base of the prothorax, very narrowly

overlapping posteriorly, the apical truncature nearly straight and

anteriorly oblique sutureward, the sutural angles extremely mi-

nutely denticulate. Mesosternum very strongly carinate, the

middle cox narrowly separated; hind coxe distinctly but not

remotely separated, the abdominal process truncate ; first abdomi-

nal segment notas long as the next three, the last two rather

short. Legs moderate in length, the femora slightly clavate ;

hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiz, with the first joint not

quite as long as the next two; second to fourth subequal, the fifth

as long as the first two, the four basal joints oblique at apex;

claws extremely slender and strongly arcuate.

The two species may be distinguished as follows :—

Body larger, the elytra more elongate; head broader in both sexes; male

secondary characters very feeble..................0-02sesceessenseeeereeseeses 1 caseyi

Body much smaller, the head narrow and subelongate in the female, broader

and scarcely longer than wide in the male; secondary sexual characters at

the ventral apex strongly developed......................ceeeee eee ees 2 cavifrons

These species were both included in the description of casey2z

given by Dr. Brendel, cavifrons doing duty as the male and caseyz

as the female.

1. L. caseyi Bndl.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, p. 282 (Eumicrus).

Narrowly suboval, polished and subimpunctate, pale rufo-testa-

ceous throughout the body, legs and antennz; pubescence short,

rather sparse, evenly distributed and closely recurved, pale in

color but not conspicuous, Head distinctly wider than long,

strongly narrowed from the front to the neck, the latter scarcely

more than ? of the maximum width; sides evenly and strongly

arcuate; eyes small, anterior, on the sides, very inconspicuous

and not convex, the facets feebly formed and wanting in the pos-

520 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

terior half of the black pigment area; upper surface feebly and

evenly convex, finely, sparsely punctulate, evenly covered with

short, inclined and coarse hairs, which are evenly and posteriorly

oblique in direction at each side of the median line throughout;

front broadly truncate, with a small and tumid cusp in the middle.

Antenne very approximate, inserted under the frontal surface, as

long as the head and prothorax, stout, incrassate toward tip;

basal joint cylindric, 3 longer than wide, but little thicker than

the second, slightly longer than the next two; second stout, as

long as wide, rounded at the sides, much stouter than the third,

which is 4 wider than long; three to eight increasing very slowly

in width; nine to eleven equally gradually but more rapidly

thicker; all the joints moderately transverse, except the fourth,

which is almost as long as wide; ninth scarcely 2 thicker than the

eighth; eleventh about as long as wide, not quite as long as the

two preceding, obtusely pointed. Prothorax as long as wide, 2

wider than the head, widest at apical third; sides parallel and

evenly, circularly rounded, becoming strongly convergent and

feebly sinuate toward base; disk very convex, with a small and-

deep perforate fovea at each side of the middle near the base,

and another more minute and lateral. Elytra almost $longerthan

wide, a little more than twice as long as the prothorax and 4

wider, ovulate, widest and more prominent at the sides behind

basal third; disk perfectly devoid of impressions. Legs slender,

the femora feebly clavate. Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). The description is derived

from the male, but the female is nearly similar, having the head a

little narrower and as long as wide, more triangular, the sides be-

hind the eyes more feebly arcuate and the small frontal cusp not

tumid, the antenne fully as long but not quite so stout, and the

elytra just visibly shorter and more inflated; there is but little

sexual difference in the eyes. In the male the last two ventral

segmentsare a little longer than in the female, the fifth in the lat-

ter not being longer than the fourth; but in both sexes they are

perfectly simple and unmodified, the sixth evenly rounded be-

hind.

2. L. Cavifrons n. sp.—Narrowly suboval, very convex, polished, subim-

punctate, pale rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence very short, even, rather

sparse, decumbent and inconspicuous. Head oval, as long as wide, the eyes

anterior, rather well developed but only slightly convex, and with the facets

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 521

feebly developed ; tempora long, feebly convergent and only slightly arcuate

behind the eyes to the base and there abruptly constricted, the neck fully 14

of the maximum width ; surface finely, sparsely punctulate and sparsely and

inconspicuously pubescent in basal half, perfectly smooth and glabrous an-

teriorly, becoming very slightly concave behind the transverse frontal margin,

which is broadly and angularly prominent in the middle. Antenne a little

shorter than the head and prothorax, rather slender, the club gradual, with

the last two joints notably larger ; basal joint cylindric, more than twice as

long as wide, nearly as long as the next three, bent toward base, extending

under the frontal margin ; second but little thinner, oval, rather longer than

wide, much thicker than the third, the latter smallest, much wider than long ;

four to seven subglobular and a little thicker, becoming a little more trans-

verse ; eighth decidedly shorter and more transverse but not distinctly wider ;

eight to ten increasing rapidly in width and length, the latter 34 wider than

long, equal in width to the eleventh, which is subcylindric, closely connected

to the tenth, nearly as long as the two preceding and very obtuse at apex ;

fifth a little longer than the fourth or sixth. /Prothorax rather distinctly

longer than wide, 34 wider than the head, widest rather behind apical third,

the sides evenly and strongly rounded, becoming convergent and feebly sinu-

ate toward base ; disk with a small fovea at each side of the middle near the

base, the lateral fovea scarcely visible even as a trace. Llytra barely %

longer than wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax and % wider, the

sides rather strongly oblique from basal %¢ to the apical truncature ; humeri

somewhat evident ; disk perfectly even, without trace of basal impressions.

Legs moderate in length, rather slender, the femora feebly clavate, the an-

terior somewhat more distinctly so. Length 1.05 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male described above differs conspicuously from the female,

the latter having the head narrower, more parallel, rather longer than

wide, equally pubescent throughout, and not concave behind the

truncate frontal margin, which is only very feebly and obtusely sub-

prominent at the middle; the eyes are nearly as in the male, the

antenne a little more slender, with the basal joint not quiteas long

and the fifth joint not evidently larger, but otherwise similar, and

the elytra are very slightly shorter and more inflated. In the

male the fifth ventral segment has a deflexed and cuspid apical

margin, the cusp obtusely angulate and finely pubescent, and the

sixth has a large rounded median excavation, which is feebly con-

cave, glabrous and polished, with its edges prominent at the sides

posteriorly but not at the middle of the apex. In the female the

last two segments are perfectly simple, the fifth not longer than

the fourth and the sixth a little longer, evenly and broadly para-

bolic at apex.

522 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

EumIcrInI.

Within this tribe are included forms which differ profoundly

from all other Scydmenidz in the elongation of the posterior

trochanters, in the possession of a large vertical and convex

pygidium, and in having the segments and sutures of the abdo-

men arcuate. All of these characters are preéminently and essen-

tially pselaphidous in nature, and show that the Humicrini make

a closer approach to the Pselaphide than any other known types

of the present family. The Eumicrini include also some of the

largest and most specialized forms of the family, having in fact

very much the same relationship with the ordinary Scydmenidz

subulipalpi, that the Ctenistini and Tyrini bear to the Bryaxini,

for example.

The genera are moderately numerous, and have been involved

in considerable ambiguity hitherto. In the recent Huropean cata-

logue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, there are included under the

head of Scydmeenus, the subgenera Microstemma of Motschulsky,

having for its type tarsata Mull, Eustemmus of Reitter, having as

types antidotus and some other species, none of which are before

me now, and Scydmenus in sp., with rufus Mull. and hellwigi

Fab., for its types among others, and having for a synonym Cho-

lerus Thoms. Eumicrus is alleged to be a synonym of Scydme-

nus in its comprehensive sense.

Now the most obvious inconsistency in this arrangement comes

from the fact that the subgenus Scydmenus of Reitter, contains

at least two perfectly distinct genera, one having for its type

rufus, the type of Cholerus Thoms., with the side-pieces of the

metasternum completely covered by the elytra and not approach-

ing the hind coxe, and the other represented by hellwigt, which

is constituted throughout exactly like our zimmermanni, with

distinct met-episterna, which partially enclose the hind cox. I

would propose, therefore, the following scheme for generic types,

which would seem to be sufficiently exact and impartial.

Evustemmus Reit.—type antidotus Germ.

Eumiceus Lap. (syn. Microstemma Mots.)—type tarsatus Mull.

CuoLeRus Thoms.—type rufus Mull.

For the reasons stated above, hellwigt and zimmermanni, with

congeneric species, must receive a new name, and it is probable

that the Australian Heterognathus, of King, will prove to be valid

also.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 523

Our genera are three in number and may be thus defined :—

Met-episternum distinct, partly enclosing the hind coxe ; prothorax oval, the

prosternum moderately developed before the coxe ; hind body moderately

inflated.

Body stouter ; scutellum present between the elytra though minute ; first

joint of the hind tarsi only moderately elongate.................. Eumicrus

Body smaller and more slender, the met-episternum narrower ; scutellum

wholly wanting ; basal joint of the hind tarsi much elongated, fully as

long as the next two Combined ...................eceecee scence sees Acholerops

Met-episternum entirely covered, the hind coxee wholly enclosed by the ster-

num and abdomen ; prothorax narrow, strongly conic, the prosternum much

longer before the coxe ; hind body greatly inflated............... Ceramphis

The species assigned below to EKumicrus coincide completely in

habitus and generic structure with the European tarsatus, the an-

terior tarsi being generally dilated in the male in the same man-

ner. Eumicrus and Acholerops are confined to the Atlantic and

Sonoran provinces of our fauna, while Ceramphis is purely

Sonoran.

EUMICRUS Lap.

Body stout and very convex, with entire and conjointly rounded

elytra, which are generally impressed at base but without trace of

fovexe. The head is large and thick, borne on avery strongly con-

stricted neck, the constriction appearing in vertical profile as a

deep and narrow cleft at each side, simple and transverse above.

Eyes well developed and anterior; front narrowed and slightly

prolonged in the middle, the antennze quite approximate at base,

long and well developed, rather thick, with the basal joint some

what more elongate than usual, and the apical joints forming

the 3-jointed, incrassate and very minutely and densely pubescent

club characteristic of the tribe; funicle strongly reflexile in the ex-

cavated apex of the basal joint. Clypeus simple, porrect, truncate

and moderate in length, the labrum short, transverse, bearing an

apical series of long stiff setee, and with a median indentation on

the disk. Mandibles quite well developed, the median tooth of

the right acute, inclined and well developed, that of the left

being short and hollowed in saginata. The maxillary palpi are

long and well developed, the second joint arcuate, third longer

and narrowly obconic, very finely and densely pubescent, the

fourth minute, rigidly and axially attached within the apex of the

third, obtuse and similarly densely pubescent, the labial with the

first joint small, the second elongate and cylindric and the third

524 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

short and slender, inserted obliquely in the apex of the second.

Mentum trapezoidal, tlat, with the basal angles reflexed.

The prothorax is rather long, subparallel and generally

broadly rounded at the sides, the latter oblique and straight or

nearly so toward hase, the pronotum usually with two small foveze

at each side near the base, the prosternum moderately long before

the coxee, pubescent but with a median triangular glabrous, area

bordering the acetabula, the coxe large and conovoidal. Middle

coxee large, very approximate, separated only by a narrow lami-

nate carina, the trochanters moderate in length, stout. Posterior

cox rather widely separated, oval, extending only to the wide

met-episterna, which are defined by a very coarse and excavated

suture ; trochanters long, cylindric and swoilen internally toward

apex. First ventral segment almost as long as the next three.

Legs long, the femora very strongly clavate in apical half or more;

tibize straight ; tarsi slender, the anterior incrassate or dilated to-

ward base.

Our species may be briefly outlined by the foliowing characters:—

Front more broadly and feebly prominent between the antenne; basal joint

of the latter moderate in length; elytra more distinctly impressed at base,

with more evident humeri; pubescence denser, moderately long and dis-

tinctly recurved on the elytra; head not more pubescent at base; body

generally darker in color.

Larger species, more elongate-oval, never less than 2 mm. in length.

Head more strongly transverse, obsoletely elevated longitudinally in the

middle toward base; pronotum densely punctured toward base.

Elytra broadly oval, 7 longer than wide, broadly parabolic at apex;

third joint of the maxillary palpi stouter, more strongly narrowed at

base; body: stowter:..:..c2iiccs.csssceensecbeuseetasescrecsesereee 6 1 grossus

Elytra more narrowly oval and elongate, 14 longer than wide, subacutely

rounded at tip; third palpal joint slender, gradually narrowed toward

DASE RR eos wae ahe ices cscenene seats oe enee Rene ee cane ene é 2 occipitalis

Head feebly transverse or subquadrate; occiput not at all tumid in the

middle; pronotum not distinctly punctured near the base.

Femora gradually clavate; elytra very convex, the humeral plica short

and obtuse.

Subbasal foveze of the pronotum smaller and circular but very unequal

TW SIZE yo aeie where aweise's jo 0cioe. dscns oacei’sscvsehh ee chee eee eee 3 vestalis

Subbasal foveze large and unequal, the inner transversely oval.

4 foveatus

Femora abruptly clavate, the elytra shorter and more depressed, with

the humeral plica longer, narrower and more prominent; subbasal

foveze of the pronotum rather small, rounded and subequal.

5 quadriceps

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 525

Smaller species, much less than 2 mm. in length; femora abruptly clavate.

Body stout, the prothorax not longer than wide and subglobular; antennse

stouter, with a stronger and less rapidly incrassate club.

@ 6 motschulskii

Body Jess- stout, the prothorax longer than wide; antenne long and

slender, with a very rapidly incrassate club............ ° 7 floridanus

Front more narrowly and strongly prolonged between the antenne, the basal

joint of the latter longer; elytra scarcely at all impressed at base, the

humeri subobsolete; pubescence of the elytra long, sparser erect and

bristling; femora very abruptly clavate; head with a denser tuft of coarse

hairs at each side of the base of the occiput; body generally pale in color.

Posterior femora simple, strongly clavate as usual but not dentate externally.

Sides of the prothorax broadly and evenly rounded, though gradually

more convergent anteriorly as usual.

Prothorax longer than wide; antennal club more slender.

2 8 longicollis

Prothorax not quite as long as wide; antennze stouter throughout.

2 9 ochreatus

Sides of the prothorax swollen and subangularly prominent behind the

middle; head relatively smaller, the elytra shorter....... 10 saginatus

Posterior femora dentate externally near the trochanters, probably in both

SERA Seer ieeen aie en Nac aa se acmelomaniciedl. voce cubits sseoswlbindace s unaels's 11 cruralis

The two principal subdivisions indicated above are almost sub-

generic in importance ; the second is probably myrmecophilous

in habits. The species are rather closely allied among themselves

but appear to be distinct as defined above. The male has the

sixth ventral segment longer than the female as a rule.

1. Eu. srossus Lec.—New Sp. Coleop. 1, Sm. Mise. Coll. 167, p. 26.

(Microstemma).

Stout, very convex, polished, dark castaneous, the elytra

slightly paler and brighter rufous; legs and antenne dark rufo-

testaceous ; pubescence rather abundant, shorter and but slightly

conspicuous anteriorly, erect, longer and recurved on the elytra.

Head from frontal margin to base about 2? wider than long, the

eyes rather large but only feebly convex, the tempora 3 longer

than the eyes, feebly convergent and broadly rounded behind

them to the abrupt basal constriction, minutely, sparsely punctu-

late with a wide smooth median space, which becomes tumid to-

ward base; hairs directed transversely and inwardly. Antenne

tas long as the body, the club incrassate ; basal joint much thicker

than the second and fully 4 longer, enlarged toward apex and

deeply hollowed within for the reception of the second joint when

ANNALS N. Y. AcaD. Scr., IX, June, 1897.—35.

526 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

reflexed, the excavation continued to the base as a shallow

canaliculation ; second slightly thicker than the third and follow-

ing joints, obconoidal, 4 longer than wide, ¢ as long as the third,

the latter +, fourth 3, fifth 1, sixth 2, longer than wide; seventh

and eighth just visibly wider and much shorter, as long as wide

and a little wider than than long respectively; ninth as long as the

two preceding and #4 wider, obtrapezoidal, longer than wide;

tenth still wider, obtrapezoidal, rather closely joined, slightly

wider than long; eleventh still wider, gradually pointed, not quite

as long as the two preceding. Prothorax large and very convex,

fully as long as wide, 2 wider than the head, widest and with the

sides broadly arcuate at apical 2, the sides feebly convergent and

nearly straight toward base; disk coarsely punctured near the

base at each side of the median line, and with two large fovez in

addition, elsewhere impunctate. Elytra rather short, evenly

elliptical, 2 longer than wide, 2 wider than the prothorax and

barely twice as long, widest just before the middle; sides almost

evenly arcuate; humeri rather evident; basal impression short

and rather feeble; disk finely, sparsely punctulate; suture very

feebly elevated toward base but not at all beaded. Pygidium

triangular, as long as wide, narrowly rounded at apex, sparscly

and coarsely pubescent, rather distinctly punctured toward base.

Legs long and stout, the femora strongly but rather gradually

clavate; hind tarsi with the four basal joints cylindric, trans-

versely truncate at apax, the first about 4 longer than the second.

Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Louisiana and Arkansas. The type described above has the

sixth ventral very nearly as long as the first and is probably the

male. The anterior tarsi are distinctly, although not very

broadly, dilated toward base.

2. Ku. occipitalis n. sp.—Rather elongate and only moderately stout,

polished, subimpunctate, uniformly dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the

legs and antenne not paler ; pubescence abundant, evenly distributed, shorter

and less conspicuous anteriorly, erect and recurved on the elytra. Head trans-

verse, the portion behind the antenne fully 14 wider than long ; eyes well de-

veloped, though feebly convex ; tempora nearly twice as long as the eyes,

feebly convergent and broadly arcuate, becoming parallel for some distance be-

hind the eyes, the truncate base equal to 34 of the total width ; upper surface

evenly convex, finely, sparsely punctulate and pubescent, the hairs directed

transversely, a broad median line impunctate, glabrous and becoming slightly

tumid toward base. Antenne rather more than 14 as long as the body, the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 527

basal joint slightly thicker and 74 longer than the second, dilated at apex and

grooved above ; second a little thicker and not longer than the third, 14 longer

than wide ; third rather more than 14, fourth 14, fifth 34, sixth 14, longer than

wide, equal in width and cylindric ; six to eight oblique at apex ; seventh and

eighth scarcely visibly wider, equal, slightly wider than long ; ninth as long

as the two preceding and *%% thicker, truncate, fully as long as wide; tenth

equal in length but wider, slightly transverse, the eleventh still thicker,

gradually pointed, about as long as the two preceding. Prothorar as long as

wide, nearly +g wider than the head, widest and evenly rounded laterally near

apical third, the sides becoming oblique and straight toward base ; disk very

convex, impunctate but becoming coarsely and rather densely punctate toward

base at each side of the middle, the two foveze at each side small. Elytra

finely, sparsely punctulate, fully 44 longer than wide, 214 times as long as the

prothorax and about 4 wider, together rather narrowly ogival toward apex,

widest just before the middle, the sides very evenly arcuate throughout, be-

coming nearly straight toward base, the humeri scarcely at all evident and but

slightly tumid above ; basal impression of each short and rather feeble; suture

not elevated toward base. Pygidium equilatero-triangular, the apex narrowly

rounded ; disk convex, sparsely punctulate toward base ; pubescence denser at

the apex. Legs long, the femora strongly but gradually clavate ; basal joint

of the hind tarsi ?¢ longer than the second. Length 2.25 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

South Carolina.

The abdomen is minutely and rather densely punctulate as us-

ual. In the single individual before me the sixth segment is about

‘as long as the first and the type is therefore a male; the anterior

tarsi appear to be strongly dilated toward base.

This species differs greatly from grossus in general habitus, the

elytra being much longer, more pointed, rather less convex and

with much less evident humeri; it also differs in its slightly

smaller and less transverse head and in numerous other details of

structure.

3. Eu. vestalis Csy.—Cont. Descr. Syst. Col. N. A., II, p. 85.

The female of this species, which has been described in detail

at the above reference, differs very much from the male in facies,

and in the outline of the head and prothorax. In the female the

head behind the antennz is about 4 wider than long, with the sides

subparallel and very feebly arcuate, while in the male it is only

slightly wider than long, with the sides convergent and circularly

arcuate to the neck. In the female the prothorax is broad, glo-

bularly convex, not longer than wide and much wider than the

head; in the male much narrower and nearly cylindrical, only a

little wider than the head, distinctly longer than wide, $ as wide as

528 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the elytra and only slightly wider at apical 2 than at base. The

elytra are nearly similar in the sexes, and the femora are strongly

but gradually clavate ; the anterior tarsi become strongly dilated

toward base in the male. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.75—-0.8 mm.

Arizona. This species was taken in great abundance by Mr.

Morrison, probably near the southern boundary of the Territory.

4. Eu. foveatus n. sp.—Stout and convex, the body nearly as in grossus,

polished, subimpunctate, dark red-brown, the legs and antennz concolorous ;

elytra very slightly brighter rufous ; pubescence abundant, longer, more con-

spicuous, erect and feebly recurved on the elytra. Head subquadrate, behind

the antennez only very slightly wider than long, the eyes moderate in size,

feebly convex, the tempora long, twice as long as the eyes and parallel and

very feebly arcuate for a long distance behind them, then broadly rounded to

the neck; upper surface smooth in the middle, very minutely and sparsely

punctulate laterally, with the pubescence directed transversely before and pos-

teriorly behind. Antennx rather slender, the basal joint cylindric, 94 longer

than the second and but slightly thicker, only slightly enlarged toward tip,

about twice as long as wide and deeply grooved above ; second *4 longer than

wide, as long as the third and but slightly wider; three to seven nearly equal

in width; third %4, fourth %, fifth 94, sixth 14, longer than wide, the fifth

and sixth more obconic and very slightly thicker; seventh as long as wide; re-

mainder missing in the type. Prothorawx fully as long as wide or rather longer, |

not more than *¢ wider than the head, widest and broadly rounded laterally

near apical third, the sides convergent and nearly straight to the base from be-

fore the middle; disk very remotely and feebly punctulate toward base, with

two large and deep fovez at each side, the inner transversely oval and deepest

under its posterior margin, the outer circular. Elytra 24 longer than wide,

not much more than twice as long as the prothorax and nearly % wider, oval,

rather obtusely rounded behind, widest and more prominently rounded at the

sides well before the middle ; humeri distinct, tumid above, the basal im-

pression rather large and distinct ; subsutural impressions very long but feeble,

the suture not modified ; disk not distinctly punctulate. Pygidiwm very con-

vex, equilatero-triangular, the apex rather broadly obtuse ; disk not punctate

toward base, with shorter, coarser pubescence along the lateral margin near the

apex. Legs long, the femora gradually clavate ; hind tarsi with the basal joint

nearly +g longer than the second ; two to four exactly equal in length, the

fourth as long as the two preceding. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.78 mm.

Tennessee.

The sixth ventral in the unique type is as long as the first, and

the sex of the individual described is therefore probably male, but

the anterior tarsi are only slightly stouter toward base and not

dilated.

As usual throughout, the scutellum is small, narrow, elongate,

tumid and rather deep-set, differing greatly from the evenly flat

form seen in other tribes.

- —

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 529

5. Eu. quadriceps n. sp.—Moderately elongate, rather ventricose, pol-

ished, subimpunctate, rather pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and

antennz concolorous; pubescence rather abundant, moderate in length, erect

and somewhat strongly recurved on the elytra. Head quite small, quadrate,

behind the antennz only just visibly wider than long, the eyes well devel-

oped and somewhat convex, the tempora twice as long, broadly rounded, be-

coming subparallel for some distance near the eyes; upper surface minutely,

remotely punctate, the sparse pubescence directed transversely and inwardly

nearly throughout. Antenne 4g as long as the body, the club moderate in

thickness; basal joint more than 1 longer than wide, swollen toward the

deeply excavated tip as usual, grooved above, not quite as long as the next

two; second and third subequal in length, the former very slightly the thicker

and 1 longer than wide; third 14, fourth 14, fifth 1, sixth 1g, longer than wide,

the Jatter obconic; six to eight very oblique at apex; seventh and eighth a little

thicker, distinctly wider than long; ninth obtrapezoidal, nearly as long as

wide, as long as the two preceding and % thicker; tenth subcylindric, trun-

cate, as long as the ninth and a little thicker, 14 wider than long; eleventh

still thicker, almost as long as the two preceding, gradually pointed. Pro-

thorax slightly longer than wide, widest and somewhat subangular laterally

behind apical third, the sides thence feebly oblique and straight to the base,

2¢ wider than the head, the disk feebly punctulate laterally near the base;

foveze small and inconspicuous. lytra rather short and broad, 7 longer than

wide, barely twice as long as the prothorax and fully +5 wider, broadly para-

bolic at tip, widest before the middle but with the sides very evenly arcuate;

humeri large and conspicuous, tumid above, the basal impression larger and

stronger than usual, giving rise to a distinct humeral plica; subsutural impres-

sions long and feeble, the suture slightly elevated; disk not visibly punctu-

late. Pygidium equilatero-triangular, sparsely pubescent, not punctulate, the

upper margin thin and laminate, with a small median emargination. Legs

long, the femora strongly and quite abruptly clavate, the basal joint of the

hind tarsi not 4g longer than the second. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Arizona (Tucson).

The single specimen, which I took a few years since, indicates a

species somewhat allied to vestalis, but differing in its smaller and

more quadrate head, shorter, broader and more depressed elytra,

and, especially, in its abruptly and not gradually clavate femora.

The type has the sixth ventral a little shorter than the first as in

the male of vestalis, but the anterior tarsi are not dilated appre-

ciably ; in the female of the latter the sixth segment is not much

more than half as long as the first, and is more emarginated by

the tip of the pygidium.

6. Eu. motschulskii Lec.—New Sp. Col. 1, Sm. Mise. Coll. 167, p.

26 (Microstemma).

Stout, suboval, very convex, polished, subimpunctate, the ely-

530 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

tra sparsely but obviously punctulate, dark red-brown, the legs

paler. Head behind the antenne only slightly wider than long,

the eyes rather large and somewhat convex; tempora long, very

feebly arcuate and distinctly convergent behind the eyes to the

truncate base. Antenne nearly 2 as long as the body, rather

stout, the club stout and incrassate; basal joint cylindric, very

nearly as long as the next two and decidedly stouter; second dis-

tinctly longer than the third; fifth almost twice as long as wide

and about as long as the next two; sixth only very slightly

longer than wide, the next two a little shorter than wide, oblique

at apex; ninth as long as the two preceding and twice as wide, a

little wider than long; tenth still wider and decidedly transverse,

the eleventh gradually pointed, as long asthe two preceding and

still thicker. Prothorax large and globularly convex, fully as

long as wide, 2 wider than the head, widest and rounded ante-

riorly, the sides oblique and straight toward base; disk wholly

impunctate, with two distinct subbasal foveze at each side, the

inner somewhat the larger. Elytra short and broad, very convex,

scarcely more than 4 longer than wide, not quite twice as long as

the prothorax and about 2 wider, widest very near the middle,

the humeri large and tumid; basal impression short but distinct.

Pygidium equilatero-triangular, very convex, rather asperately

punctulate toward base. Legs moderate in length, the femora

strongly and quite abruptly clavate. Length 1.6-1.7 mm.; width

0.7 mm.

Louisiana, Illinois and South Carolina. Much smaller than the

preceding species and readily known by its short, stout and very

convex form and punctulate elytra. The description is taken

from the female, but it is probable that the male does not differ to

any considerable degree.

7. Eu. floridanus n. sp.—Moderately stout and somewhat ventricose,

polished, subimpunctate, the elytra sparsely and quite distinctly, though

feebly, punctulate; body dark red-brown in color, the elytra more rufescent;

legs and antennal club pale brown; pubescence abundant, inconspicuous an-

teriorly, long, erect aud moderately recurved on the elytra. Head behind the

antennz about 1g wider than long, the eyes moderately large, scarcely at all

prominent, the tempora distinctly convergent, broadly and evenly arcuate to

the truncate base; upper surface impunctate, the sparse pubescence transverse.

Antenne slender, 35 as long as the body, the club very slender at base but

rapidly incrassate; basal joint subcylindric, almost twice as long as wide, 14

Coleopterological Notices, VIL. 531

longer than the second and thicker, grooved above as usual; second feebly ob-

conic, *4 longer than wide, a little thicker than the third and much longer,

almost as long as the fifth; third 1s, fourth 7%, fifth 1, sixth 14, longer than

wide, equal in thickness; seventh and eighth a little wider, very oblique at

apex, the former slightly, the latter distinctly, shorter than wide; ninth nearly

as long as the two preceding but scarcely 14 thicker, obtrapezoidal, distinctly

longer than wide, and, with the next, less minutely and densely pubescent than

usual; tenth 7 wider, not quite as long as wide; eleventh still much stouter,

not as elongate as usual and pointed less gradually, much shorter than the two

preceding. Prothorax very convex, slightly elongate, 14 wider than the head,

parallel, very broadly arcuate at the sides, these becoming scarcely straight

toward base, widest before the middle; disk very minutely, sparsely punctu-

late near the basal margin toward the sides, elsewhere impunctate, the two

foveze at each side rather large, deep, circular and subequal. lytra very con-

vex, % longer than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax and 44 wider,

almost evenly rounded at the sides, widest near the middle, narrowly rounded

behind; humeri only feebly developed, the basal impression very short but

distinct; subsutural impressions wholly obsolete. Pygidiwm equilatero-triangu-

lar, strongly convex, reticulate and sparsely punctulate toward base. Legs

rather long, the femora strongly and abruptly clavate; four basal joints of

the hind tarsi decreasing gradually in length. Length 1.65 mm.; width 0.62 mm.

Florida (Crescent City and Enterprise). Mr. Schwarz.

This species, which is described above from the female, is closely

allied to motschulski, but differs in its much less obese form, rela-

tively more inflated hind body, and especially in its much nar-

rower and more rapidly incrassate antennal club. A male before

me labeled “‘ South Carolina” does not seem to differ specifically ;

it has the anterior tarsi strongly dilated toward base.

8. Eu. lomgicollis n. sp.—Moderately stout, rather strongly ventricose,

polished, impunctate, uniformly dark rufo-testaceous, the legs and antennz

concolorous ; pubescence rather sparse, short and inconspicuous anteriorly,

long, erect and bristling on the elytra. Head behind the antennz as long as

wide, parabolic in outline from the anterior margin of the eyes around the

base, the eyes moderate in size, not at all prominent ; upper surface more con-

vex behind, finely and rather closely punctulate anteriorly, the pubescence

short and decumbent, becoming longer and erect posteriorly, where there is a

wide smooth and glabrous median line. Antennx about 14 as long as the body,

moderately stout, the club narrow and only very feebly incrassate distally ;

basal joint subcylindric, more than twice as long as wide, longer than the next

two and stouter, feebly enlarged toward apex, not grooved above, but with

the usual deep superior cavity for the reflexion of the second joint ; two to

four almost exactly equal, % longer than wide ; fifth a little longer but not

more than 14 longer than wide, somewhat thicker ; sixth as long as wide; six

to eight very oblique at apex ; two to eight subequal in width ; seventh and

eighth equal, distinctly shorter than wide ; ninth about as long as the two

532 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

preceding but only 14 wider, cylindric, rather longer than wide ; tenth a

little wider and longer, oval, narrowed at base, rather longer than wide ;

eleventh scarcely wider than the tenth, long, slender, obliquely and very gradu-

ally pointed, as long as the two preceding. Prothoraz a little longer than wide,

less than 14 wider than the head, widest and broadly rounded at basal 7¢, the

sides thence gradually convergent and broadly arcuate to the apex and base ;

‘apex scarcely 34 as wide as the base; disk evenly and strongly convex,

minutely, feebly rugulose near the basal margin but not punctate, feebly

tumid in the middle near the base, and having at each side a large but feeble and

somewhat indefinite fovea. Elytra scarcely more than 1g longer than wide,

fully twice as long and twice as wide as the prothorax, very obtusely para-

bolic at apex, widest a little behind the middle, the sides broadly rounded,

obliquely converging to the feebly marked humeri ; basal impression obsolete,

the suture not elevated. Pygidiwm equilatero-triangular, convex, impunctate

but minutely reticulate toward base, sparsely pubescent. Legs long, the

femora strongly and abruptly clavate ; tarsi with the basal joint slightly elon-

gate and with a brush of longer hairs beneath, the anterior not dilated.

Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Virginia (Jones Creek, Lee Co.). Mr. Schwarz.

Very readily distinguishable by the rather long and narrow pro-

thorax, widest behind the middle, somewhat slender and very

feebly incrassate antennal club and other structural features. The

type described is a female, the sixth ventral segment being short ;

the anterior tarsi are slender and only just visibly thicker toward

base.

9. Eu. ochreatus n. sp.—Stout and rather strongly ventricose, polished,

impunctate, pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennze concolor-

ous; pubescence sparse, long, erect and bristling on the elytra. Head behind

the antennee fully 14 wider than long, the eyes well developed but not promi-

nent; tempora long, distinctly convergent and broadly arcuate to the truncate

base; upper surface strongly convex posteriorly, finely and indefinitely punc-

tulate, the pubescence stiff; frontal prolongation scabrous toward tip. Antenne

more than 14 as long as the body, the club rather abruptly thicker but only

slightly incrassate; basal joint more than twice as long as wide, much longer

and thicker than the next two; second to fourth subequal, about 1g longer

than wide; fifth nearly 14 longer than wide ; six to eight shorter, oblique, with

their inner apical margins emarginate; sixth as long as wide; seventh slightly,

the eighth distinctly, shorter than wide;ninth not quite as long as the two

preceding and less than 14 thicker, rather longer than wide; tenth a little

thicker and somewhat elongate; eleventh long, gradually and obliquely pointed,

not distinctly thicker, about as long as the two preceding. Prothorax barely as

long as wide, scarcely 15 wider than the head, the sides parallel and broadly,

evenly arcuate, widest at about the middle; apex but slightly narrower than

the base, truncate; disk finely scabrous near the basal margin, bifoveateat each

side of the middle, the inner fovea large but very feeble and indefinite, the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 533

outer very Small and feeble. Elytra about 14 longer than wide, more than

twice as long as the prothorax and about twice as wide, ovoidal, very convex,

widest at or slightly behind the middle, the sides strongly convergent and

nearly straight to the base, broadly rounded behind ; humeri almost obsolete,

the basal impression indistinct; subsutural impressions slightly visible toward

base. Pygidiwm equilatero-triangular, finely reticulato-scabrous toward base.

Legs long, the femora very strongly and abruptly clavate. Length 2.0 mm.;

width 0.8 mm.

Central Illinois. Mr. Webster.

The description is taken from a specimen having the sixth

ventral much shorter than the first; another, which has this seg-

ment distinctly longer than the first, has the head visibly less

transverse and more strongly narrowed behind; I regard the lat-

ter as the male, and, in this example, the anterior tarsi are feebly

dilated toward base.

This species differs from longicollis in its much shorter pro-

thorax, widest near the middle and less narrowed anteriorly, in

its slightly stouter antenne and still more inflated hind body ; it

is however very closely allied both to that and to the following

species.

10. Hu. Sagimatus n. sp.—Stout and rather strongly ventricose, pol-

ished, impunctate, the body, legs and antennz very pale flavo-testaceous

throughout ; pubescence short, stiff and distinct on the head, sparse and longer,

but very inconspicuous on the pronotum, long, sparse, erect and bristling on

the elytra. Head moderate in size, distinctly wider than long behind the

antenne, circularly rounded and convergent at the sides from the eyes to the

neck ; eyes moderate in size, not at all prominent; upper surface convex,

minutely and feebly but closely punctulate, the frontal projection densely and

distinctly punctato-scabrous. Antenne fully 35 as long as the body, the club

narrow, long and feebly inerassate ; basal joint much stouter than the follow-

ing, enlarged and deeply excavated at apex, barely twice as long as wide and

scarcely longer than the next two; second to fourth subequal, only slightly

longer than wide ; fifth feebly obconic, not more than 1g longer than wide, a

little thicker than the preceding but as wide as six to eight, which are short,

oblique and deeply excavated within at apex as usual ; ninth as long as the

two preceding and 14 wider, not longer than wide ; tenth a little thicker, sub-

oval with truncate base, rather longer than wide ; eleventh long, gradually

and obliquely pointed, rather thicker, barely as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax barely as long as wide, nearly 1 wider than the head, widest and

more strongly rounded well behind the middle, the sides thence rather

strongly convergent and nearly straight to the base, convergent and feebly

arcuate to the apex, which is broadly arcuate and quite distinctly narrower

than the base; disk convex, impunctate, finely scabriculate along the base,

feebly swollen at the middle near the basal margin, and with one small sub-

534 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

basal fovea at each side of the middle. lytra short, about 14 longer han

wide, twice as long as the prothorax and about 44 wider, oval, widest at the

middle, the sides thence strongly oblique and nearly straight to the base,

broadly rounded behind ; humeri and basal impression nearly obsolete ; sub-

sutural impressions slightly evident toward base. Pygidium triangular, rather

wider than long, feebly rugulose toward base. Legs rather short and- stout,

the femora very strongly and abruptly clavate ; basal joint of the hind tarsi

1g longer than the second. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Towa (Iowa City). Mr. Wickham.

The shorter and stouter form of the body, with the prothorax

inflated and widest behind the middle, and smaller head, will dis-

tinguish this species from ochreatus. The single specimen before

me has the sixth ventral rather longer than the preceding three

combined when measured along the median line, and is doubtless

a male.

11. Eu. cruralis n. sp.—Stout, the hind body strongly inflated, polished

and impunctate, pale rufo-ferruginous throughout, the legs and antennz con-

colorous; pubescence sparse, short and coarser on the head, long, erect and

bristling on the elytra. Head behind the antenne scarcely visibly wider than

long, the eyes well developed but not prominent, the sides strongly conver-

gent, broadly and evenly arcuate to the neck, which is 14 as wide as the head;

upper surface convex and broadly tumid behind, minutely, sparsely punctu-

late, except in the middle toward base, more distinctly punctate on the

median prolongation of the front. Antenne rather more than 14 as long as the

body, the club long, slender and feebly incrassate; basal joint long, cylindric,

more than twice as long as wide, a little longer than the next two and much

thicker, excavated above at apex but not grooved; second obconic, a little

longer than the fourth but not thicker, 7g longer than wide; third and fourth

14, fifth scarcely 2g, sixth 15, longer than wide; seventh not quite as long as

wide, the upper twice as long as the lower side; eighth also very oblique at

tip, much wider than long; ninth distinctly shorter than the two preceding

and only 1g wider, a little longer than wide; tenth still thicker, similar in

form, slightly elongate; eleventh long, not thicker than the tenth, not quite

as long as the two preceding, gradually and obliquely pointed. Prothorax

narrow, scarcely }4 wider than the head, slightly elongate, the sides parallel

and broadly rounded, widest at the middle; apex much narrower than the

base; disk finely rugulose near the basal margin and with two small and

feeble subbasal foveze at each side. lytra 4g longer than wide, twice as long

as the prothorax and fully twice as wide, widest at the middle, strongly and

obliquely narrowed to the base of the prothorax, broadly rounded behind;

humeri and basal impression nearly obsolete; subsutural impressions feebly

visible near the base. Pygidium triangular, much wider than long, sparsely

punctulate and minutely, transversely reticulate toward base. Legs stout, the

femora strongly and abruptly clavate, the posterior with an obtusely triangu-

lar tooth on the outer edge near the trochanter; basal joint of the hind tarsi 44

Coleopterological Notices, VII. DoD

longer than the second, the next three equal; anterior tarsi not dilated.

Length 2.0 mm; width 0.8 mm.

Central Iliinois. Mr. Webster.

The unique type has the sixth ventral segment large, nearly as

long as the four preceding and longer than the first; judging by

the eyes, it is undoubtedly a male, but the femoral tooth is never-

theless probably common to both sexes; the anterior tarsi are

only very feebly enlarged toward base. The species is allied

closely in general appearance to the others of this section, and

especially to longicollis.

ACHOLEROPS 1. gen.

This genus is closely allied to Eumicrus, but differs constantly

in its narrower form of body, obsolete or very indistinct sub-

basal foveze of the pronotum, obsolete basal impression of the

elytra, broader and less deeply constricted neck and complete ab-

sence of scutellum, the latter being minute, but exceedingly per-

sistent in all of the rather numerous species of Eumicrus. It also

differs in having the triangular glabrous plate adjoining the an-

terior coxze obsolete or very minute and of a different character,

the hind tarsi more elongate, with the basal joint as long as the

next two, and the anterior slender, but slightly affected sexually

and then only in the basal joint. The middle coxe are narrowly

separated by a feebly elevated and obtuse carina, the posterior

rather widely separated, the met-episterna narrower than in

Kumicrus, but delimited by the same very coarsely excavated

suture, and the hind trochanters, although undoubtedly elongate,

are less distinctly so than in EHumicrus and are more swollen

within. In other characters, including the general habitus of the

body, antennal structure, form of the front, palpi and pygidium,

the two genera are virtually similar, though the third palpal joint

is rather more fusiform and less conical, and only 2 to $ longer

than the second in Acholerops. :

The known species of our fauna are as yet few in number, and

may be discriminated by the following general characters :—

Hind tarsi very long and slender; elytra without trace of basal erosion; body

IEIEEI, cab dooondcognabpssedanatioadocacnaddocsbogoascobbseoncesepeccuicogs 1 Zimmermanni

Hind tarsi shorter; elytra each with a minute suberoded depression at the

middle of the basal margin; body very small................. Socata 2 retrusa

536 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The first of these species differs very greatly from the second

in facies and in some structural characters ; other forms will be

discovered, as the species of Acholerops are much smaller and

more obscure, as a rule, than the components of Humicrus.

1. A. Zimmermanni Schaum—Analecta Entomologica, 1841, p. 26

(Scydmzenus); punctatus Csy.: Cont. Descr. Syst. Col. N. A., II, p. 86

(Eumicrus).

Narrowly suboval, very convex, polished, the head subim-

punctate; pronotum finely and somewhat sparsely punctulate,

the elytra more coarsely and rather sparsely punctured ; pubes-

cence short, stiff, sparse, strongly recurved and subdepressed,

coarser toward the flanks of the elytra. Head behind the antennz

distinctly wider than long, the eyes well developed, anterior and

not prominent; sides behind them parallel and nearly straight,

gradually feebly convergent and broadly rounded to the broadly

truncate base, the basal angles rather evident; upper surface only

moderately convex throughout; antennal prominences distinct,

separated by + the total width. Antenne fully $ as long as the

body, the club slender, gradually and feebly incrassate; basal

joint cylindric, narrowed toward base, more than twice as long as

wide, only slightly thicker than the second and 2 longer; two to

eight slender, subequal in thickness, cylindric; second very little

thicker, 3, third ?, fourth 2, fifth 4, sixth $, seventh and eighth

equal and just visibly, longer than wide; six to eight only slightly

oblique at apex ; ninth as long asthe two preceding and 4 thicker,

obconic, + longer than wide; tenth equally long and a little wider,

slightly elongate ; eleventh still slightly thicker, gradually pointed,

much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax slightly longer

than wide, + wider than the head, widest and rounded laterally at

apical third, the sides thence oblique and straight to the base;

surface strongly convex, more coarsely, closely and rugosely

punctured toward base, the subbasal fovez not distinct. Elytra 4

longer than wide, a little more than twice as long as the pro-

thorax and 4 wider, widest just before the middle, the sides

very evenly and broadly rounded from base to apex; humeri

scarcely visibly tumid above; disk without basal or sutural

modification. Pygidium equilatero-trianeular, rounded at apex,

very convex, sparsely pubescent. Legs long, the femora rather

strongly but gradually clavate; hind tarsi $ as long as the tibiz,

the first joint longer than the fifth. Length 1.45 mm.; width

0.55 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 587

Michigan (Ann Arbor) and Pennsylvania. The description

given above is drawn from the original type of punctatus. <A

large series from Pennsylvania agrees well, and in this series I

can only distinguish the male from the female by the broader and

somewhat larger head and very slightly stouter form; both sexes

seem to have the sixth segment very large and longer than the

preceding four, and there is generally a small apical and more

densely pubescent erosion. The anterior tarsi are rapidly stouter

toward base and densely papillose beneath.

If this species is correctly identified, I cannot understand the

statement twice made in the original description—‘ coleopteris

confertim punctulatis,” and “coleoptera . . . ‘subtiliter

punctata ’—when the elytra are unusually strongly punctured ; it

was described by Schaum from a Carolina specimen sent by Zim-

mermann. Motschulsky states (Htudes Ent., 5, 1856, p. 11) that

the S. zimmermanni of Schaum, lives with ants under the bark of

old trees, where he took it near Atlanta, Georgia.

2. A. retrusa n. sp.—Moderately stout and rather ventricose, polished,

the head impunctate ; pronotum excessively finely, sparsely punctulate and

not more distinctly so toward base, the elytra sparsely and very minutely

punctate ; pubescence rather sparse, nearly even, short and subdecumbent.

Head quite distinctly wider than long behind the antennz, with the sides

perfectly parallel, evenly and broadly arcuate throughout, rounding subtrans-

versely for a short distance to the neck, which is about %4 as wide as the head;

eyes small and not prominent ; surface feebly and evenly convex, the scanty

hairs arranged subtransversely; antennal prominences not distinct, the frontal

lobe short and broadly rounded. Antennx barely 14 as long as the body,

slender, the club rather rapidly incrassate ; basal joint narrowed at base, fully

twice as long as wide, distinctly thicker than the second but only about 14

longer, the second very slightly thicker and much longer than the third, feebly

obconic ; second nearly once, third and fourth equal, %¢, fifth 4, sixth ly,

longer than wide ; six to eight oblique at apex ; seventh and eighth subequal,

scarcely wider, much shorter than wide ; ninth rather small, barely as long as

the two preceding and only 14 wider, obconic, slightly elongate ; tenth much

larger, longer than the ninth and 44 wider, obtrapezoidal with rounded sides,

about as long as wide; eleventh only just visibly thicker, oval, gradually

pointed, much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax rather longer than

wide, more than 7 wider than the head, widest and evenly rounded laterally

at apical third, the sides thence oblique and straight to the base ; surface

strongly convex, very feebly and transversely impressed near the basal margin,

with two minute and very approximate subbasal foveze near each side. Elytra

subrhomboidal, strongly convex, scarcely more than 1, longer than wide, a

little more than twice as long as the prothorax and 34 wider, widest and

strongly rounded just before the middle; sides strongly convergent and nearly

538 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

straight thence to base and to the apex, which is narrowly subtruncate ;

humeri not evident, the tumid mes-episternum visible in the reéntrant angle,

as is frequently the case throughout the family ; disk even, the base fitted

closely against the arcuate base of the prothorax, with a small erosion at the

middle of the basal margin of each. Pygidium small, feebly convex, equilatero-

triangular with rounded apex, finely punctulate and rugulose, somewhat

oblique, not vertical, and visible from above to some extent. Legs moderate

in length and rather slender, the femora quite feebly and gradually clavate ;

hind tarsi very much shorter than the tibize, with the first joint only moder-

ately elongate but equal to the next two. Length 1.0-1.2 mm.; width 0.4—

0.48 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male described above has the anterior tarsi distinctly di-

lated toward base and papillose beneath, and the sixth ventral

segment large, longer than the four preceding, with the apex

rather strongly rounded. The female is somewhat smaller than

the male, with shorter and more slender antenne, and relatively

shorter and still more obviously rhomboidal elytra which conceal

the pygidium, the latter more vertical; the sixth ventral is very

much shorter than in the male, and the anterior tarsi are slender

and completely undilated. The species appears to occur in con-

siderable abundance.

CERAMPHIS n. gen.

The single species representing this genus is one of the most

remarkable types of the family, and differs to an extraordinary

decree from Eumicrus and Acholerops, the metasternum extend-

ing in one large unbroken expanse from side to side, without

trace of the met-episternal suture which is so marked and strongly

developed a feature in those genera; this is all the more remark-

able when we consider the extremely short and inflated hind body.

It also differs profoundly from all other types of the Humicrini

in having the prothorax geometrically conical, with a much larger

extent of prosternum before the coxe, and in the abruptly in-

flated hind body alluded to, but in the elongated posterior

trochanters, short abdomen with arcuate segments, large, vertical

and convex pygidium and structure of the front and palpi, it is

similar, and therefore cannot be separated tribally; in this connec-

tion, it should be stated that in the absence of a met-episternal

suture the genus is quite homologous with the Huropean Cho-

lerus rufus, although having no special resemblance otherwise

with that aberrant ally of Humicrus and Acholerops.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 539

The head is borne on a deeply constricted neck, the constric-

tion transverse and simple, the upper surface strongly tumid in

the middle toward base, the eyes anterior; front truncate, with a

feeble median projection, the antennal cavities large, separated by

a narrow and entire lamina, the clypeus below rather advanced,

broad and conical, approaching the form distinctive of Leptomas-

tax. Labrum short, transverse, feebly arcuate at apex, not im-

pressed, the mandibles moderate, evenly arcuate, acute at apex,

each with a slender median tooth internally, that of the right only

slightly the longer. Antennz approximate, the basal joint

moderate in length, excavated above at apex for the reflexion of

the funicle, the club elongate, 3-jointed and finely pubescent as in

Eumicrus. Maxillary palpi long and slender, clothed sparsely

with coarse erect sete and not minutely pubescent, the third joint

longer than the second, narrowed gradually toward base, the

fourth minute, obtuse, inserted rigidly and axially within its apex,

the last joint of the labial slender, oblique and subulate. Mentum

trapezoidal and concave, with two discal setz as usual. Prothorax

conical, without trace of lateral margin or subbasal fovez or im-

pression. Scutellum distinct, triangular, tumid as in Eumicrus but

broader. Elytra without basal fovee, entire and broadly rounded

at apex, the pygidium large, convex and vertical. Prosternum

very elongate, shining and glabrous before the coxe, with a

densely and longly setose fovea at the anterior margin of each,

deeply and circularly emarginate at apex. Middle coxe very ap-

proximate, the mesosternum between them apparently not carinate.

Hind coxe rather small, transversely oval, mutually separated by

rather more, and each from the sides of the body by rather less, than

their own width. Abdomen very short, the basal segment much

longer than the next four, which are extremely short. Legs well

developed, the hind trochanters much elongated and feebly obconic,

the femora distinctly but gradually clavate, the tarsi short and

stout, gradually thickened toward base throughout, the anterior

not particularly dilated in the male.

1. C. deformata Horn—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, p. 138

(Seydmeenus).

Very stout, convex and ventricose, polished, impunctate, dark

rufo-testaceous throughout, the elytra rather brighter rufous ; legs

aud antennz paler testaceous ; pubescence sparse, pale, coarse, in-

conspicuous anteriorly but dense and bristling from the sides of

540 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the occiput, suberect, moderately long and distinct on the elytra.

Head behind the antenne % wider than long, the eyes well devel-

oped, convex and prominent; sides behind them converging and

rounded to the neck; surface strongly tumid and elevated toward

the median line, especially toward base. Antenne ? as long as

the body, rather stout, irregular, the club slender and feebly in-

crassate; basal joint scarcely $ longer than the second and only

slightly thicker, 23 times as long as wide; second subcylindric, +

longer than wide, almost as long as the next two, which are

obconic, slightly longer and shorter than wide respectively ; fifth

dilated, wider than long, angulate at the external apical angle

and deeply excavated at the apex externally; next three joints

subequal, not wider than the fourth, scarcely modified, wider than

long ; ninth very feebly obconic, not quite as long as the two pre-

ceding and scarcely more than 4 wider, fully + longer than wide ;

tenth obconic, as long as the two preceding and fully 4 thicker

than the ninth, nearly 4 longer than wide; eleventh suboval,

thicker than the tenth but less than 4 longer, obliquely pointed

in apical half, gradually oblique externally toward base. Pro-

thorax evenly conic, as long as wide, apex 3 as wide as the base,

the latter equal in width to the head; sides perfectly straight

throughout the entire length; disk transversely and slightly

tumid before the basal margin toward the middle. LHlytra about

as long as wide, + longer than the prothorax and a little more

than twice as wide, widest and more strongly rounded at the mid-

dle; humeri rounded but distinctly exposed at base, not tumid

above; disk with a large shallow impression at the base of each,

evenly convex and not otherwise modified. Pygidium impunctate,

pubescent, equilatero-triangular, obtuse at apex. Legs rather

long, the femora gradually and moderately clavate; basal joint of

the hind tarsi barely as long as the next two, the apex of the

tibize with a fringe of spinules. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.73 mm,

California (Los Angeles) and Arizona. Apparently not rare;

the description is taken from the male, but the sixth ventral is

not much elongated and is very much shorter than the first; in

the female the antennz are probably simple. The most impor-

tant structural characters of this species were overlooked by Dr.

Horn, and the fourth palpal joint is not subulate as stated by that

author, but the figure (1. c., plate) is quite accurate in outline.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 541

CLIDICINA.

This subfamily is but scantily represented in the United States

by a single genus, containing species which are moderate or small

in size, and contrasting greatly in this respect with the large and

vigorous members of the genus Clidicus inhabiting Java and ad-

jacent warm regions of the world, or even with Mastigus, which is

well represented in southern Europe. The fourth palpal joint

varies in structure even more than in the Scydmenine, from the

fused and indistinct form of Leptomastax, to the large, oval and

nearly free form of Mastigus, these types of structure affording

good criteria for tribal separation. The three tribes represented

before may be distinguished by the following characters :—

Last joint of the maxillary palpi very indistinct, forming an oblique, convex,

feebly and excentrically pointed surface at the apex of the third, with which

it is completely fused, the two forming a stout and evenly suboval mass,

which is very minutely and densely pubescent; prosternum greatly developed

before the coxee; elytra striato-punctate...................2.00005 LEPTOMASTACINI

Last joint small and conical but distinct, rigidly inserted within the tip of

the third, with which it is broadly fused, not oblique or only feebly so; pro-

sternum moderately developed before the cox; elytra striato-punctate.

‘CLIDICINI

Last joint large, oval, wider than, and almost as long as, the third, with

which however it is united by a rather broad and subanchylosed base; pro-

sternum moderately developed before the coxee; elytra confusedly punctured.

MASTIGINI

The first and third of these tribes are purely European and are

introduced merely for comparison ; the Mastigini lead toward some

probably extinct form in the gradual development and isolation

of the fourth palpal joint. The association of Leptomastax and

Ablepton with Mastigus in a single tribal group, as proposed in the

recent catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, is not philosophic

or in accordance with the radical nature of the palpal differences.

Leptomastax is devoid of all trace of eyes, having the head

large, rounded and depressed, the clypeus forming an extremely

short transverse piece between the front and the large, corneous

and emarginate labrum, and the mandibles extremely long, slender

and evenly arcuate, while Ablepton has the head very small and

the mandibles much less developed, the eyes being present but ex-

tremely rudimentary, consisting of a single small convex facet.

Mastigus has the body very strongly convex, with the head longi-

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scl., [X., June, 1897.—36.

542 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

tudinally impressed, the eyes well developed, the basal joint of the

antennz greatly, and the second also notably, elongate, and the

labial palpi stout and subinflated; it is one of the most isolated

types of the family and should undoubtedly form a distinct tribe.

The genus Hecotus of Sharp (Biologia Centrali-Americana, IT,

pt. 1, 1887, p. 70), is sufficiently abnormal not only to render its

affinity with Clidicus very doubtful, but even to suggest some

question of its being a member of the Scydmenide. Nothing

further will be necessary than to invite attention to the abdomen,

which is said to have five segments, and to the scutellum, which

is shown distinctly in the drawing through unmentioned in the

description. There is generally no distinct trace of a scutellum

between the elytra in the Clidicinz, and no scydmenid is known

to me having less than six perfectly formed ventral segments.

CLIDICINI.

The genus Clidicus and related forms are much less abundant

in subarctic faunal regions than the Leptomastacini, but Papusus

will probably contain a limited number of species distributed

through the arid regions of Mexico. It is not possible to present

a table of genera on account of the paucity of material.

PAPUSUS n. gen.

The body in this genus is elongate-oval in form and rather con-

vex, the head large, borne on a deeply and simply constricted

neck, which is rather broad, the eyes well developed, on the sides

at or just before the middle, feebly convex, not prominent and

consisting of very coarse and convex lenses, the antennz inserted

in small and remotely separated foveze at the summit of the long

and feebly declivous front, just before the middle of the length;

they are strongly geniculate, with the basal joint elongate, not

quite equal to the next three in length, and the remainder are

feebly and gradually incrassate to the tip, with but the feeblest

trace of a 5-jointed club. ‘The clypeus is short, transverse, con-

tinuing the feeble slope of the front and separated therefrom by a

straight transverse suture, the apex transversely and very broadly

truncate, the labrum much narrower, short, transverse, polished,

corneous, emarginate at apex and bearing only some six long setz

in a transverse and arcuate subapical series. Mandibles moder-

ately large, very stout, straight toward base, gradually bent

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 543

toward apex. Maxillary palpi long and rather slender, well de-

veloped, the second joint feebly bent, gradually enlarged and

rather coarsely pubescent, the third distinctly longer, narrowly

and evenly obconic, minutely and densely pubescent, the fourth

rather more than 4 as long as the third, conic, not quite as wide

at base as the tip of the third and similarly pubescent; the labial

palpi are moderate in length, slender, the second joint moderately

elongate and feebly fusiform, the third slender, oblique and subu-

late, the second with a short and erect seta projecting from the

side of the apex, suggestive of the enormously developed spines

of Leptomastax. Mentum transverse, flat, trapezoidal, polished

and glabrous. Gular sutures separated rather widely at the neck,

very rapidly and arcuately diverging anteriorly.

The prothorax is strongly obovate, broadly rounding at base,

without lateral margin or subbasal modification of any kind, the

prosternum before the cox flat, about twice as wide as long,

circularly emarginate at apex and finely, uniformly and moder-

ately densely pubescent, the margins of the acetabula minutely

elevated, the coxee stout and conovoidal. Elytra elongate-ellipti-

eal,punctato-striate, entire, apparently connate,not at all impressed

at base, the scutellum not visible. Mesosternum large, not cari-

nate, widely enclosing the coxz at the sides, the side-pieces flat

and not tumid, the cox very large, globular, extremely approxi-

mate. Metasternum very short, the episterna triangular, dis-

tinctly exposed, becoming very widely so behind and almost, but

not quite, attaining the coxe as in Leptomastax, the hind coxe

very small, widely separated, globular, with a short truncate ex-

tension, the trochanters small and triangular. Abdomen very long

and well developed, broadly convex, almost twice as long as the

remainder of the hind body, with the sutures straight and trans-

verse, the first segment almost as long as the next three, the last

as long as the preceding two and narrowly rounded, entirely en-

closed within the elytra. Legs moderate in length, rather stout,

the femora strongly and rather gradually clavate, tae tibiz straight,

densely pubescent, the anterior tarsi slender, gradually thicker

toward base, the intermediate a little longer but thick, cylindric and

very minutely, densely pubescent, the posterior much longer and

very slender, filiform, 2 as long as the tibix, the four basal joints

decreasing almost evenly, the first 2 longer than the second ;

claws moderate in length, feebly arcuate and very minutely setose

or pectinate within throughout the length.

544 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

The resemblance of this genus to Leptomastax is evident prin-

cipally in the elongate form and peculiar habitus of the body, in

the structure of the legs, hind coxe, metasternum and its para-

pleure, and in the mode of antennal insertion. In Ablepton the an-

tenne are inserted in much larger and more perpendicular frontal

cavities,and the clypeus and labrum, as well as the mandibles, are

altogether different from the corresponding parts in Leptomastax.

Papusus differs from Clidicus not only in the much smaller size of

its species, Clidicus grandis being some 7 mm. in length, but appar-

ently in the more elongate second antennal joint and well devel-

oped eyes.

1. P. macer un. sp.—Elongate, rather convex, shining, impunctate an-

teriorly, the elytra with regular and feebly impressed series of small shallow

punctures toward the suture, which become finer and confused toward the

sides; pubescence fine, very short and decumbent on the head, coarser, subde-

cumbent, equally dense but more conspicuous on the prothorax, coarse, very

strongly inclined and recurved, moderate in length and abundance and longer

toward the sides and tip on the elytra, pale in color. Head triangular, as long

as wide, the sides toward base including the eyes parallel and evenly arcuate;

eyes at their own length from the base, which is broad, the constriction deep

above; neck 14 as wide as head; upper surface finely impressed along the me-

dian line from the antennz to the base; antennal prominences very small, the

cavities minute beneath them. <Antennz 14 as long as the body, rather slender,

gradually and feebly incrassate distally, separated at base by about 44 the

maximum width, strongly geniculate, the basal joint slender, gradually nar-

rowed toward base, as long as the second, third and 44 of the fourth joints and

distinctly thicker, smooth, with decumbent pubescence; second distinctly

longer and just visibly thicker than the third, obconic, fully twice as long as

wide; third 7g, fourth 14, longer than wide; three to six gradually a little

thicker, constricted at base, obconic; fifth %, sixth 14, longer than wide ;

seventh to tenth from as long as wide to a little wider, more triangular, with-

strongly rounded sides; seven to eleven forming a very indistinct club; eleventh

not as long as the two preceding, longer than wide, very obliquely and acutely

pointed at tip. Prothorax fully as long as wide, scarcely perceptibly wider

than the head, widest and strongly rounded laterally at apical fourth, the sides

thence strongly oblique and nearly straight to the base, which is rounded and

scarcely more than %4 as wide as the broadly arcuate apex; disk evenly and

moderately convex throughout, without trace of subbasal modification. Elytra

elongate and subelliptical, widest near basal 2¢, 34 longer than wide, 214 time,

as long as the prothorax and scarcely %4 wider, gradually more pointed apically,

the sides almost evenly arcuate ; humeri obsolete, the sides broadly rounding

and oblique to the base of the prothorax; disk not at all impressed or modi-

fied. Legs moderate in length, rather stout, the posterior longer and slender;

femora gradually clavate, the four anterior rather strongly, the posterior mod-

erately. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.55 mm. .

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 545

California (Palm Springs, Colorado Desert).

A single specimen of this interesting species was taken by Mr.

H. C. Fall under astone; its sex is notapparent. There is another

species of this genus still undescribed in the cabinet of Mr.

Schwarz; it is larger and stouter than macer.

_ NOTES.—The S. bicolor, referred to by Schaufuss in suppressing the name

bicolor Lec., is evidently the Anthicus bicolor of Fabricius, from South Amer-

ica, and not the S. bicolor of Denny, as I surmised (ante, p. 371). Anthicus

bicolor is said by Erichson to be allied to clavipes Say (Schaum, Mon., p. 18),

but there seems to be too much doubt connected with the subject to warrant a

change of name for the present, and I would therefore advocate the retention

of the name given by LeConte.

The species placed in Euconnus by Dr. Sharp (Biologia Cent.-Amer.) will,

I think, be forced ultimately into several distinct genera. On looking over

the admirable figures on the plate, it seems natural to place giraffa, mutandus

and guatemalenus, for example, in one genus, and cheriquensis and germanus in

another, the latter distinguished by peculiarities of pronotal sculpture and an

unusually elongate antennal club. Calvus, as before remarked, will probably

enter the genus Pycnophus, although the third joint of the maxillary palpus,

as figured, is different from that of P. rasus, the type of the genus; it is pos-

sible, however, that this may be an oversight on the part of the artist. Gra-

cilicornis, incultus and some others appear to form each the type of a distinct

genus.

The genus Napochus of Thomson, is in all probability closely allied to Con-

nophron, but differs apparently in the more prominent tempora and trans-

verse eyes, and also in having a distinct plica at the sides of the thoracic base.

ADDENDA.

There are several described species in this family within our

faunal limits, which I have not been able to place satisfactorily in

the tables previously given; these are added as follows for the

sake of completeness :—

Scydmzenus consobrinus Lec.—Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 154.

—Piceous-black, the head glabrous; prothorax rather long, pilose, rounded

and narrowed anteriorly, transversely impressed at the base; elytra sparsely

pilose, foveate at the base; antennz clavate, with the penultimate joints

rounded. Length .05inch. New York.

Precisely similar to clavipes but differing in the antennze, these being some-

what longer than the head and prothorax, with joints three to six equal,

¢closely connected and not longer than wide; seven a little larger and slightly

conical, eight to ten rounded, not longer than wide; eleven about 14 longer

and subacute.

This species may be placed immediately after Huconnus clavipes

in the table.

546 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Scydmezenus mississippicus Zimm.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1869, p. 251.—

Ferruginous-brown, very shining and smooth although tolerably thickly

clothed with hair, the head especially thickly covered behind with erect hairs.

Prothorax not longer than wide, narrowed in front, with a slight transverse

impression behind in which four deep fovee are visible. Elytra with one lon-

gitudinal impression in front near the suture and a fovea near the sharply de-

fined humeral carina. Front thighs much thickened, the front tibiz strongly

compressed toward tip, and, on the inner side, furnished with a brush of

hairs. Length nearly % line.

It is evident that this species should be placed among those

members of the genus Euconnus, which I have designated by the

subgeneric name Scopophus, but ! cannot identify it with any of

those described.

Scydmzenus gravidus Lec.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1852, p. 155.

—Piceous, pubescent, the prothorax narrowed anteriorly, transversely im-

pressed at the base; elytra shorter than usual, ovate, foveate at the base; an-

tenne slender, the three last joints rounded and abruptly larger. Length .04

inch. Louisiana.

Stout, piceous, pubescent, the head rounded, with the antenne a little

longer than the head and prothorax, the joints three to eight equal, not elon-

gate , nine and ten more than twice as thick, globular, eleven a little longer,

obtuse. Prothorax wider than the head, trapezoidal, narrowed anteriorly, the

sides almost straight; base with a strong transverse impression. Elytra some-

what rufous, ovate, twice as wide as the base of the prothorax and forming

with it a very indistinct angle, moderately convex; base strongly foveate.

Thighs slightly clavate, the tarsi testaceous.

May be placed just before Connophron trinifer in the table of

that genus; it differs in the transverse impression of the pro-

thorax.

Scydmzenus obscurellus Lec.—l. c., p. 153.—Piceous, briefly pubescent,

the prothorax rather long, narrowed slightly anteriorly; elytra very slightly

impressed at the base; antennal joints rounded, the legs rufescent. Length

.045 inch. Georgia (Liberty Co. ).

A small species, easily distinguishable by its piceous colorand elongate pro- -

thorax. Head convex, smooth, strongly pilose at the posterior angles. An-

tenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, the joints after the second

globular, the four last about 1; thicker than those which precede. Prothorax

pilose, not wider than the head, 14 longer than wide, very slightly narrowed

in front; apex truncate; sides straight. Elytra 14 wider than the prothorax

and forming an almost indistinct angle with it, obliquely narrowed behind the

middle, slightly pubescent; base scarcely foveate; feet rufous, the thighs

clavate.

This species was taken at the same locality as the unique type

of clavatus, and the two descriptions are very similar. Those

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 547

forms of Connophron having the prothorax almost imperceptibly

wider than the head are extremely rare, and there may be reason

to suppose that obscurellus is extremely closely allied to Con-

nophron clavatum, if, indeed, not identical. The length of the

prothorax is, of course, overstated in the description of LeConte.

Scydmzenus mariz Lec.—l. c., p. 151.—Rufo-piceous, sparsely pubescent,

the vertex bifoveate; prothorax campanulate, obsoletely impressed before the

base, foveate at the sides; elytra oval, sparsely and obsoletely punctulate.

Length .065 inch. Michigan (St. Mary’s River. )

Very similar to subpunctatus, but the prothorax is more rounded on the sides

anteriorly and distinctly narrowed behind, the basal impression hardly visible

and the lateral fovez less deep. Elytra wider and much less distinctly punec-

tured, the base marked as in that species with four punctures, causing the

humeri and suture to appear elevated.

There is reason to believe that this species does not; differ from

Scydmenus subpunctatus.

Scydmzenus minimus Bndl.—Entomologica Americana, V, p. 193. Iowa.

As before stated, this species is possibly not distinct from

Opresus misellus Lec.; its length is said by the author to be .45 to .5

mm., and, if correct, this would prove it to be quite different from

O. luteus, which I have described from the mountains of Pennsyl-

vania. Atany rate, it may be placed next to misellus in the table

of Opresus previously given. In the figure of Dr. Brendel, the

antenne are very strongly clavate.

Scydmzenus ovithorax Bndl.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, 1893, p. 283.—

Brown, impunctate, thinly pubescent. Head 84 as wide as the prothorax,

nearly quadrate, the front margin tripartite by short impressed lines, declivous

anteriorly, the eyes very flat, small, anterior, on the sides and scarcely distin-

guishable. Antennal club 3-jointed. Prothorax obovate, with rounded sides

and no impressions. Elytra elliptical, the humeri obsolete, each feebly de-

pressed at the middle of the base, the sutural lines feebly indicated at basal

fourth. Anterior coxze contiguous; posterior small, mutually remote; femora

clavate. Last ventral segment very large, as long as the three preceding.

Length 0.8mm. California (Sta. Clara Co. ).

In the figure accompanying this description the fourth palpal

joint is shown to be distinct, aciculate and subulate, and there can

be no reasonable doubt that ovithorax will form the type of a new

genus belonging to the tribe Opresini, but differing greatly from

any other in the widely separated hind coxe.

Cephennium breve Schfs.—Berl. Ent. Zeit., XX XI, p. 319.—Breviuscu-

lum, nitidum, pallidum, supra pallide pilosum; capite levi, ante oculos

maiores nodulifero; thorace lato, angulis rectis, obtusis, supra visis anticis

548 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

rotundatis, lateribus integris, basi bisinuata; elytris ovatis, basi truncata,

medio transversim et longitudinaliter quadri-impressa. Long. 144 mm.; lat.

3% mm. Hab.—Amer. Sept.

It is not possible to give any useful suggestions concerning this

species. The type is in the Berlin museum.

Bumicrus lucanus Horn—Coleop. Baja Cal., 2, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.,

2, vol. V, p. 235.—‘‘ Reddish brown, sparsely clothed with paler, semi-erect

hair. Antenne slender, longer than half the body, fifth joint as long as the

preceding two and slightly longer than the two following. Head shining,

very minutely sparsely punctate. Thorax longer than wide, apex narrower

than base, sides regularly arcuate, widest one-third from apex, disc convex,

sparsely and minutely punctulate, at base moderately quadrifoveolate. Elytra

not wider at base than the thorax, a slight depression within the humeri,

widest at middle, disc convex, surface indistinctly punctulate. Tarsi slender,

longer than half the tibiz. Length .06 inch ; 1.5 mm.

‘¢ The male has the anterior tarsi slightly dilated. This species is evidently

allied to commilitonis, as described and figured by Dr. Sharp (Biol. Cent.-

Amer., II, pt. 1, p. 67; pl. 2, fig. 22), but is of more elongate form and with

more slender antennz. One specimen, San José del Cabo, with which I associate

two from Arizona in my cabinet.”’

There are but few characters given in this description which are

not distinctive of the entire genus, and it is therefore impossible

to make any useful comparative statements. The two specimens

from Arizona, associated with /ucanus by the author, are probably

not identical, as the species of Eumicrus quite closely resemble

each otherin general appearance and are decidedly local in habitat

in our arid and broken southwestern country. It may be placed

just before motschulskii in the table of Eumicrus previously given.

STAPHYLINIDA.

TRICHOPHYA Mann.

Eumitocerus Csy.

As remarked by Rey, this genus is singularly isolated from its

nearest relatives, and constitutes a bond in several directions be-

tween the Tachyporini and Aleocharini, resembling the former in

mode of antennal insertion, and the latter in its less inclined

head, undefined epipleure and other characters. Although so

similar to Habrocerus in antennal structure, the palpi, epipleu-

re, point of antennal insertion and hind coxe differ profoundly,

and the two genera cannot be associated in the same subtribal

group.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 549

The three species of the United States, which are represented

in the material before me, may be readily separated as follows :—

Labrum broadly sinuato-truncate at apex.

Third joint of the maxillary palpi very much shorter than the fourth ; ab-

domen bristling with long erect sete toward tip ;anterior and intermedi-

ate tarsi strongly dilated toward base in the male ( Eumitocerus ).

tarsalis Csy.

Third joint nearly as long as the fourth ; abdomen with but few erect sets

LEONARDI Ms pene siecuunnasceet cacnapcs destin cement ewdedaalecetes pilicornis Gyll.

Labrum larger, subcireularly rounded, narrowly sinuato-truncate at the mid-

dle of the apex ; third palpal joint quite elongate, though distinctly shorter

than the fourth ; abdomen without erect setz toward tip.

lativentris n. sp-

Of the last two species only females are accessible to me at

present. Tarsalis is rare on the Pacific coast north of San Fran

cisco; it is the smallest of the three. Prlicornis is represented

by two specimens, taken some years ago near New York City by

Mr. H. H. Smith, and may be a recent importation. The third

species is much the largest and broadest, and is described below.

T. lativentris.—Stout, elongate-elliptical in outline, moderately con-

vex, blackish, the elytra feebly rufescent ; legs and antennz blackish-piceous,

the‘first two joints of the former, tarsi and trochanters paler ; pubescence rath-

er long, moderately dense ; surface finely reticulate throughout, shining, rath-

er finely, subasperately and not very densely punctate throughout. Head

triangular, much wider than long, evenly convex, the eyes basal, convex and

finely setose ; antennz inserted far hefore the eyes at the sides within a large

concavity, the foramen adjoining the:sides of the scarcely differentiated cly-

peus ; they extend fully to apical third of the elytra, the first two joints stout,

each with one or two long ‘erect setee ; remaining joints extremely slender,

setose, the outer joints gradually somewhat thickened. Prothorax *5 wider

than long, the apex truncate, 94 as wide as the base, the latter transverse, with

the sinuation before the scutellum very pronounced ; disk broadly convex,

widest slightly behind the middle, the sides evenly rounded ; surface feebly,

obliquely subdeplanate toward the sides posteriorly. Scutellwm rather small,

triangular, asperate, nearly as long as wide. E/ytra shorter than wide, 14

longer than the prothorax, and, at apex, distinctly wider ; sides feebly oblique

and nearly straight ; apex broadly, angularly emarginate ; disk broadly im-

pressed at the suture behind the scutellum. Abdomen, when contracted, only

1g longer than the elytra and fully as wide, ogival in form, the sides evenly

rounding throughout ; apex of the fifth segment scarcely %4 the maximum

width ; segments short and subequal throughout ; border moderate in depth.

Legs slender, the femora slightly thickened ; tarsi slender throughout. Length

2.8 mm. ; width 0.85 mm.

Colorado (Colorado Springs, 6,000—7,000 feet; June). Mr. Wick-

ham.

550 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Besides the absence of long bristling sete toward the abdomi-

nal apex, this species differs from the other two in lacking the

long, erect lateral seta near the base of each elytron, in having the

abdominal segments equal in length, the fourth and fifth being

more elongate in tarsalis and pilicornis, and in the more evenly

rounded sides of the prothorax.

PSELAPHID A.

FARONINI.

MEGARAFONUS nz. gen.

In this genus the third antennal joint is very small, as in the

European Faronus, the metasternum extremely short, the abdomen

large, with the first three dorsals subequal in length, the fourth

larger and the first not modified on the disk. From Rafonus it

differs in its more abbreviated elytra, still larger first dorsal, in

having the antennal tubercles separated by an anterior extension

of the frontal pit, and the third antennal joint much smaller; it

further differs in having the fourth palpal joint more broadly oval

and compressed. Other generic characters are included in the

description of the single known species below.

M. ventralis n. sp.—Rather broadly subcuneiform and depressed, gradu-

ally wider from the front to near the tip of the abdomen, polished, impunctate

and dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the legs and antennz paler; pubescence

moderate in length, rather coarse and abundant, recumbent. Head somewhat

small, exclusive of mandibles rather wider than long, scarcely #5 as wide as the

prothorax, the eyes moderate in size, slightly convex and somewhat prominent,

at rather more than their own length from the base, the tempora behind them

circularly rounded to the neck, slightly less prominent than the eyes and be-

coming parallel near them ; surface moderately convex, with two strong nude

and isolated foveze at basal fourth, separated by 14 of the entire width; frontal

fovea deep and abrupt, with its floor minutely rugose and flat, prolonged pos-

teriorly and narrowed to a slight terminal enlargement at the centre of the

vertex, and narrowed anteriorly, crossing the frontal margin, the latter wide

between the antenne, the tubercles extremely feeble; clypeus extremely small,

being simply a fine porrect and strongly rounded margin at the foot of the

subvertical front between the antennal cavities; labrum strongly transverse,

broadly arcuate and subcarinate at apex, except at the sides, which are ob-

liquely and briefly produced and bristling with coarse sparse setee, the base

much narrower than the apex; mandibles very strongly thickened and exter-

nally angulate at base, the apical portion subtransverse and finely acuminate,

the internal edge very minutely subserrulate; under surface evenly convex,

without trace of axial suture, the neck deeply impressed, transversely and

Coleopterological Notices, VII. bol

feebly biimpressed at the middle; surface deeply, transversely impressed be-

hind the buccal opening; mentum rather large, flat, quadrate, the apex arcu-

ate; ligula small, the labial palpi small, with the first joint subcylindric and

longer than wide, the second smaller, oboval, slightly narrowed at base, with

an axial apical setigerous puncture, the seta long and arcuate; the third joint

projects as a minute slender cylinder forward from the apex of the third at

nearly right angles; maxillary cardo large, triangular, somewhat exserted, the

lobe small, setose; maxillary palpi large and well developed, the first joint

small, second obconic, twice as long as wide, third fully as long as wide,

slightly wider than the second, somewhat narrowed at base, fourth large,

oval, as long as the preceding three, fully twice as wide as the third, narrow

at base, compressed and more pubescent toward tip. Antenne nearly % as

long as the body, the basal joint thicker, cylindric, 14 longer than wide ; sec-

ond narrower, oval, longer than wide; third minute, globular; four to eight

equal, nearly as thick as the second, subglobular, moniliform; ninth and tenth

transverse; nine to eleven wider, forming a distinct club; eleventh but little

longer than wide, much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax slightly

wider than long, widest and strongly rounded near the middle, the sides

strongly and subequally convergent to apex and hase, feebly sinuate toward

base ; apex scarcely 34 as wide as the base ; disk moderately convex, with a

large, deep and transverse foveiform impression at basal third which is

narrowly produced anteriorly for some distance, and a smaller pit at each side

near basal fourth, continued posteriorly to the base; there is also a smaller

isolated nude fovea near the basal margin at lateral fourth. lytra short and

transverse, only very slightly longer than the prothorax and about 1g wider,

the sides divergent and feebly arcuate from the just visibly exposed and ob-

tuse humeri ; disk completely devoid of humeral plica or basal impression,

flat, with two longitudinal impressions on each from behind the base to or

behind the middle, the outer near the flank and short, the other near the mid-

dle and becoming deep basally ; sutural stria deep, with an external fovea at

base. Abdomen much more than twice as long as the elytra, and, toward tip

very much wider, the sides nearly straight and continuing the divergence of

the elytral flanks, the border very wide, strongly inclined; apex abruptly nar-

rowed. Legs moderate in length, the femora feebly fusiform; third joint of

the hind tarsi twice as long as the two basal joints combined; claws well de-

veloped; middle coxz separated by a narrow lamina. Length 2.65 mm.;

width 0.8 mm.

Oregon (Portland). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The type is a male, the sixth ventral segment being sinuate at

tip, the surface feebly impressed toward the middle, the impres-

sion smooth, polished and limited laterally by small erect and

sublaminiform tubercles near the apex; the seventh is in the form

of an elongate-oval, strongly convex pygidium with its posterior

extremity minutely foveate. I cannot perceive that the male

modifications in this species are at all asymmetric. This is by

552 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

far the largest member of the tribe known thus far from North

America. :

HUPLECTINI.

A renewed study of the species aggregated under the name Ra-

mecia, shows that they are not in any way closely related to Ku-

plectus, but are allies of Trichonyx, and, at the same time, the

close general resemblance to Huplectus in bodily form, in conjunc-

tion with the well developed second tarsal claw, goes far to dem-

onstrate the impropriety of proposing two distinct tribal groups

for the genera clustering about Trichonyx and Euplectus ; at any

rate, if we admit two tribes, we must also recognize several others.

The species of Ramecia exhibit considerable diversity in general

habitus, crinita being quite depressed, with two strong, short

basal carinee on the first three tergites ; the remainder are more

convex in form, much smoother in sculpture and with less de-

veloped abdominal carinz, though in decora the latter are also

visible on the first three tergites, becoming very minute however

on the third. At present, therefore, I can see no reasonable

ground for generic disintegration of Ramecia,

PYCNOPLECTUWS np. gen.

The species forming the first division of Euplectus, as pre-

viously defined by the writer (Col. Not., V, p. 454), are not in re-

ality congeneric with Euplectus as represented by the last two sub-

divisions, and should receive a separate name as suggested above.

The species are stouter, less parallel and much more convex in

the body, with more remotely separated and pubescent cephalic

fovez, connected by a more deeply excavated ambient sulcus,

rather more elongate antenne and much more widely exposed

met-episterna. They agree with Euplectus in the structure and

carination of the abdomen, and in the complete absence of erect

capitate sete on the lower surface of the head.

P. temellus n. sp.—Linear and nearly parallel, though quite convex,

shining, pale rufo-ferruginous throughout, the pubescence rather short, coarse,

subdecumbent and moderately dense, with the usual bristling sete at the sides

of the abdomen toward tip. Head but slightly wider than long, as wide as

the prothorax, the eyes rather prominent and well developed, at somewhat

less than their own length from the base, the tempora strongly convergent and

rounded behind them ; surface impunctate in the middle but rugosely sub-

punctate along the elevated supra-orbital surface from base to apex ; fovee

near basal third, separated by 1s the total width, the connecting ambient sulcus

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 5538

very large and deep throughout ; occiput impressed at the middle ; antennze

nearly as long as the head and prothorax, the club gradual in formation ;

ninth and tenth joints moderately transverse, the fifth slightly larger than the

other joints of the funicle. Prothorax smooth and subimpunctate, strongly

convex, fully 75 wider than long, widest near apical third, where the sides are

more strongly rounded, thence moderately convergent, broadly arcuate and

but slightly uneven to the base ; neck about 144 the maximum width; discal

fovea rather small, elongate-oval in form, the lateral large and deep, the con-

necting sulcus strongly biarcuate, coarse and deep toward the middle. Elytra

nearly quadrate, *5 longer and 1g wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel

and broadly arcuate ; surface moderately convex, subimpunctate, the discal

Sstria short, not extending to the middie. Abdomen narrower than the elytra,

the sides straight and parallel ; dorsals equal in length, the carine of the first

two straight, fine, strongly divergent and separated by about 4 the total

width. Legs moderately short and thick, the third joint of the hind tarsi

about as long as the two basal joints combined, with the claw fully 1s as long

as the entire tarsus. Length 1.1 mm. ; width 0.35 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

In the male type the fourth ventral seems to be unmodified, the

fittu with a small, deep and circularly rounded anterior emargina-

tion, but otherwise scarcely modified, the sixth with a broad,

sublunate and feeble impression, slightly tumid anteriorly near

its extremities ; the seventh is rhomboidal, very convex, minutely

and sparsely punctate and with a fine, strongly elevated and some-

what asymmetric median carina, The female differs but little, ex-

cept that the head is distinctly narrower than the prothorax.

This species, which is one of the smallest of the genus, differs

from hudsonicus in its larger eyes, more convergent tempora,

smooth pronotum with short and non-sulciform discal pit, nar-

rower bodily form, and in many other characters.

P. imperfectus n. sp.—Rather large and somewhat stout, convex, elon-

gate, dark rufo-testaceous throughout, impunctate and polished, the pubescence

moderately long and coarse and rather sparse. Head scarcely as wide as the

prothorax, the eyes only moderately large and not very prominent, shorter

than the tempora, which are distinctly convergent and broadly arcuate behind

them ; occiput convex, very obsoletely impressed at the middle ; fovez deep,

separated by nearly 14 the total width or twice the distance from either eye,

the sulcus large, very deep and parabolic ; supra-orbital edges rather distinct,

somewhat rugose ; antennze not quite as long as the head and prothorax, the

second joint much shorter and narrower than the first, three to eight small and

moniliform, eight and nine wider, eleventh still wider and as lony as the pre-

ceding three combined. Prothoraw 74 wider than long, widest and promi-

nently rounded at apical third, the sides thence convergent and broadly arcuate

to the base, minutely emarginate at the fovez ; disk convex, the discal fovea

554 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

very small, lateral large, the connecting sulcus very fine but with a large deep

and posteriorly sinuous median portion. Elytra quadrate, 3 longer than the

prothorax and nearly 4 wider, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides ; sur-

face convex, the discal stria extending not quite to the middle. Abdomen

longer and only very slightly narrower than the elytra, the sides parallel and

feebly arcuate ; dorsals equal in length. the first two impressed at the middle of

the base but not carinate. Length 1.5 mm. ; width 0.45 mm.

District of Columbia.

The single female, representing this species, was formerly re-

garded by me as the female of congener; it cannot have that

status, however, as the abdominal carine are well developed in

congener and the pubescence much denser; it may be placed near

congener for the present.

The measurement of congener, previously given, is a little too

great, the male type being about 1.35 < 0.4 mm. in size.

EUPLECTWS Leach.

The following species may be placed near confluens for the

present, differing in the structure of the pronotum.

E. disjunctus n. sp.—Linear, parallel and depressed, polished and

bright rufo-testaceous throughout, the pubescence subdecumbent, coarse, mod-

erate in length and rather abundant. Head large, much wider than the pro-

thorax and wider than long, the eyes rather well developed and convex, at

their own length from the base, the tempora circularly rounded behind them

to the neck, which is distinctly less than 144 the maximum width ; surface im-

punctate along the middle, sparsely punctured toward the sides, with two

small and nude fovez just behind the middle, separated by the eye-distance

of either, and connected by a groove in the form of a horse-shoe ; antennz not

as long as the head and prothorax, the three outer joints gradually wider, the

last rather longer than the three preceding. Prothorawx relatively rather small,

feebly convex, subimpunctate, only 144 wider than long, widest and rather

narrowly rounded at apical third, the sides thence gradually convergent to the

base and feebly bisinuate ; apex more than 14 the maximum width, and fully

34 aS wide as the base ; discal pit narrow and elongate, tending to coalesce

with the median subbasal pit, which is moderate in size, but rounded and not

joined to the well developed lateral fovez by a visible transverse sulcus.

Elyira as long as wide, not quite as long as the head and prothorax, distinctly

wider than the head, the sides subparallel and broadly arcuate ; discal stria

very short, attenuate, extending to about basal third. Abdomen parallel and

straight at the sides, slightly longer and narrower than the elytra, the first

three dorsals equal, the fourth much longer ; first two each with two short

feeble and divergent basal carinze, separated by less than 1g the total width ;

border well developed, flat and inclined. Legs short and stout ; third joint of

the hind tarsi about as long as the second, the claw well developed. Length

1.38 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 555

Virginia (Lee Co.). Mr. Schwarz.

Represented by a single female example, hitherto confounded

with confluens, which it resembles somewhat in form and size ;

in confluens the subbasal median pit of the pronotum is extended

laterally in a feeble arcuate groove to the lateral fovee, and, in the

present form, the head is larger and more sparsely punctate, and

the discal stria of the elytra shorter. The last ventral segment

is broadly and arcuately lobed at apex, the surface ascending

apically and convex.

BIBLOPLECTUS Reit.

In this genus the body is narrow, linear and subdepressed as in

Kuplectus, and the mesosternal side-pieces are divided in the

same way into two nearly equal triangular sclerites by fine

sutures; but in Euplectus the met-episterna are slightly wider

anteriorly, while in the present genus they are very narrow,

parallel, linear and entirely covered by the elytra, the anterior

pubescent foveze of the metasternum being much smaller and

more punctiform. It differs from Euplectus in its more narrowed

front, in its 5-jointed antennal club, this beginning really with

the seventh joint, and in the type of male sexual form of the

seventh ventral segment. Asin Euplectus, the middle tibiz of the

male have a distinct internal uncus at apex, but, unlike that genus,

the hind tibiz in the same sex are broadly grooved externally

toward tip; the tarsi are much shorter and thicker in the female

than in the male. The under surface of the head is completely

devoid of erect capitate sete, but there are four remarkable spini-

form appendages arranged in a transverse line anteriorly, one at

each apical angle of the mental support, and one at each outer

posterior angle of the buccal opening. The first four dorsal seg-

ments are exactly equal in length, the fourth not longer as it is in

Euplectus.

The species are all minute, and the one described below is

closely allied to znteger.

B. sobrinus n. sp.—Slender and moderately convex, shining, piceous-

black throughout, the head slightly paler ; legs and antennze testaceous ; pu-

bescence fine, short, decumbent, and not very abundant. Head very nearly

as wide as the prothorax, but slightly wider than long, the eyes moderate in

size, convex, at about their own length from the base, the tempora behind

them parallel, rounded and as prominent as the eyes ; occiput broadly sinuate,

556 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

minutely impressed at the middle ; surface subimpunctate toward base, sub-

scabrous toward the frontal margin ; foveze small, pubescent, situated slightly

behind the middle and separated by 14 the total width ; from each extends

anteriorly a fine, deep and arcuate groove, the two gradually becoming parallel

and uniting by a strongly arcuate moderate impression between the antennal

tubercles, which are small but pronounced ; antennz shorter than the head and

prothorax, slender, the first two joints larger and equal, three to six equal,

minute and feebly transverse, seventh and eighth wider, equal, ninth and tenth

successively still wider and more transverse, the eleventh wider, conoidal, as

long as the four preceding combined. Prothorax about 14 wider than long,

the sides parallel and straight from apical fourth to basal fifth, there strongly

convergent and sinuate to the base, rounded and rapidly convergent at apex ;

disk broadly, feebly convex, finely, unevenly and not very densely punctate,

without trace of discal pit, the lateral fovez large, united with the trans-

versely triangular median subbasal depression by fine grooves ; from near the

centre of the disk a fine carina extends to the basal margin, crossing the me-

dian depression. lytra subquadrate, feebly convex, slightly punctulate, 14

longer and 2% wider than the prothorax, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate ;

three basal foveze of each strongly developed, the outer continued posteriorly

for a very short distance by a feeble and gradually evanescent sulcus. Abdo-

men very nearly as long and wide as the elytra, parallel and nearly straight at

the sides, moderately convex transversely, the first two dorsals each with a

very feeble basal impression in median third of the entire width, but not

carinate. Length 0.8 mm.; width 0.28-0.3 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

The male of this species differs from that of integer in its

slightly larger head, with less abbreviated antenne and more

widely separated fovez, in the more transverse prothorax, much

less broadly rounded and convergent at the sides toward apex,

and in the narrower impression of the basal tergites, which, on

the second segment of integer, appears to extend through nearly

half the total width, though so feeble as to be scarcely definable ;

the pubescence is a little shorter and denser in integer. The de-

scribed type is a male, the female scarcely differing however in

general form. The series before me is quite extended, and there

is scarcely any variation in size; the males seem to be much less

abundant than the females.

The genera allied to Trimium, forming section 12 of the table

previously published by me (Col. Not. V, p. 442), and section A,

B, of the arrangement of Mr. Raffray in the “ Etude,” require

very much more elaboration than has hitherto been accorded

them. Trimioplectus, which is now represented before me by a

goou series taken by Mr. Schmitt, must be asscciated with these

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 557

genera, although the eleventh antennal joint is relatively smaller,

and the ninth and tenth joints larger than usual; it is evidently

homologous in this respect with the African Periplectus of Raff-

ray. The antenne are short throughout this peculiar group of

exceedingly minute and obscure forms, widely separated at base

and with the last joint large, relatively abrupt and elongate-

ogival inform; the body is less linear than in the allies of Euplec-

tus, elongate-oval and always distinctly convex. I would suggest

the following arrangement of genera, those not North American

being marked with an asterisk :—

Antenne 11-jointed.

Ninth and tenth antennal joints very short, lenticular and transverse, the

tenth frequently excentric and transversely triangular.

Last joint of the maxillary palpi normal, much longer and thicker than

the third.

Elytra with a post-humeral pit, from which an acutely elevated carini-

form line extends to the apex.

The elytra with a discal stria extending to about the middle ; pro-

notum with a well defined lateral edge toward base, and two

large lateral fovez connected by transverse posteriorly cuspiform

groove.

Tenth antennal joint scarcely at all modified and generally sym-

metric ; head never wider than the prothorax, with two parabol-

ically connected foveze distant from the eyes ; dorsal segments

equal in length toward base........)......0.cessesssensesesesee Actium

Tenth antennal joint abnormal, transversely triangular.

Head very large, with two connected foveze distant from the eyes ;

dorsal segments equal in length toward base....* Trimiopsis

Head small, with two very widely separated foveze near the eyes’;

first dorsal segment longer than the second, with two long and

conspicuous caring............... fee oe cane aed abe Ns Actiastes

The elytra without a discal stria, but having instead a large elongate

basal fovea as in Trimium.

Pronotum with well defined lateral edges and a large pubescent

fovea at each side at some distance from the margin, connected

by the usual transverse sulcus ; first dorsal longer than the

second ; tenth antennal joint transversely triangular...Cupila

Pronotum without well defined lateral edges, and without definite

pubescent foveze.

a First dorsal longer than the second; tenth antennal joint

transversely triangular ; pronotal sulcus not continued down

the flanks, the conformation as in Trimium......... Simplona

First dorsal not longer than the following, non-carinate and

scarcely at all modified at base ; tenth antennal joint normal

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, June, 1897.—37.

558 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

and symmetric ; pronotal sulcus continued down the flanks as

in. Mel baie... :ssopatlaas chs 6 ves wcinecisa chien shee ene Ree eee *Zolium

Elytra without trace of a post-humeral fovea, frequently having a fine

oblique pleural line proceeding from a point on or near the side

margin to the apex, which line may or may not be homologous

with the elevated carinal line of Actium and allies ; elytra without a

discal stria, but having a large, more or less elongate and rapidly

attenuate basal impression.

Prothorax narrowed at base but unconstricted ; abdomen not con-

stricted at base.

First dorsal segment much elongated.

The first dorsal deeply impressed at the middle of the base ; pro-

notal sulcus not continued down the flanks, but ending ab-

ruptly in small nude enlargements near the margin.

*Trimium

The first dorsal without trace of a median depression ; body

shorter and stouter ; pronotal sulcus continued down the

flanks as in Melha...............ceseseee eee seeseoeee Trimiomelba

First dorsal shorter, equal in length to the following, not impressed

at base ; pronotal sulcus continued down the flanks....... Melba |

Prothorax deeply constricted at the sides before the base ; abdomen

feebly constricted at base, the first dorsal slightly elongate ; prono-

tal sulecusiasjiny Melbassaeenss-ce-sse0ce sence eesnee eee Dalmosellia

Last joint of the maxillary palpi not, or but slightly, larger than the

third ; cephalic fovez elongate but not connected ; prothorax apparently

as in Trimium ; dorsal sagments subequal [Brendel]......... Basolum

Ninth and tenth joints larger, much less-transverse and symmetric, the

eleventh relatively not so large ; elytra with a discal stria.

Elytra with two basal foveze but without post-humeral fovea, the prothorax

toward base asin Trimium ; first dorsal and second ventral elongate,

MOt Modihed sat baASeyesnecesceee tear oecee coeeeteceeeeeeraceres Trimioplectus

Elytra with three basal foves. Zanzibar...................+. * Periplectus

Antenne 10-jointed, the ninth produced and acuminate internally. Singa-

POLS ress. ceeise ve seoosacce ge de nopaeos civeeiascsolac cenion chicane ncakaneceeaeeeas * Prophilus

This particular group of trimiiform genera appears to be much

more abundant and structurally diversified in the American con-

tinents than in the old world, and will prove to be very extensive,

as the species have been but seldom collected hitherto owing to

their minute size and secluded habits.

REMARKS.

Actium COsy.—This genus will include californicum, politum,

robustulum, testaceum, candidum, marinicum, pacificum, brevi-

penne, globifer, parabolicum and the two species described below.

It is much better represented on the Pacific coast than in the At-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 559

lantic regions, but angustum seems to be perfectly congeneric with

the west coast forms. I am somewhat doubtful in regard to

globifer and parabolicum, which are not represented in the ma-

terial before me; they appear to have the discal stria of the elytra

much more abbreviated than usual.

A. angustum n. sp.—Narrow, elongate, convex and moderately ventri-

cose, polished, impunctate and pale rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence

moderate in length and rather sparse, subdecumbent. Head very slightly nar-

rower than the prothorax, a little wider than long, the eyes well developed,

convex, prominent, at about their own length from the base, the tempora much

less prominent, feebly convergent and broadly arcuate behind them ; occiput

feebly impressed at the middle ; fovezr deep, slightly pubescent, just behind

the middle, separated by fully 7% of the total width, the connecting impression

shallow and angular in form, the antennal prominences strongly tumid ; an-

tennz 44 longer than the head, the last joint elongate, gradually ogival and

almost as long as the preceding five joints, the tenth 214 times as wide as long,

slightly oblique and a little more developed toward the outer side. Prothorax

as long as wide, widest and moderately rounded near the middle, the sides

broadly and rather deeply sinuate thence to the base ; surface convex, the lat-

eral fovez not very large but deep and subpubescent, connected by a deep

transverse groove which is posteriorly enlarged at the middle. lytra almost

as long as wide, very convex, % longer and fully #5 wider than the prothorax,

the sides divergent from the rather widely exposed humeri, becoming strongly

arcuate behind ; basal foveze two in number ; discal stria fine and extending

almost to the middle. Abdomen about as long as the elytra and slightly nar-

rower, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate ; basal segment equal to the fol-

lowing, with two short basal carinz separated by 14 of the discal width. Legs

moderate in length, the femora feebly and equally inflated. Length 1.2 mm.;

width 0.4 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

A number of specimens were sent to me under the name T'rimio-

plectus parabolicus, but according to the description and figure,

that species, the locality of which was not indicated by the au-

thor, must be quite different. The description is from the male,

in which sex the sixth ventral is broadly and feebly impressed,

and the oblong-oval flat enclosed pygidium of the seventh is much

smaller than in the Pacific coast forms. The female is less ven-

tricose than the male, with a slightly smaller head and very much

smaller eyes.

A. bifoveatumi n. sp.—Elongate, the hind body wider, convex, polished,

subimpunctate, the elytra minutely, subrugosely punctulate, rufo-testaceous

in color, the pubescence subdecumbent, rather short and moderately abundant.

Head small, very much narrower than the prothorax, fully as long as wide, the

560 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

eyes moderate in size, convex, at more than their own length from the base, the

tempora behind them much less prominent, parallel and scarcely arcuate to

the truncate base, the latter very feebly and minutely impressed at the base of

the occiput ; fovex slightly behind the middle, large, deep and separated by 14

the total width ; antennee partially missing in the type. Prothorax slightly

wider than long, widest and somewhat prominently rounded before the mid-

dle, the sides thence convergent and not at all s nuate to the base ; fovez large

and deep, connected by a very coarse and deep transverse suleus, which is an-

gularly dilated posteriorly at the middle ; median line finely and feebly im-

pressed. lytra not quite as long as wide, %¢ longer and nearly #4 wider than

the prothorax ; humeral plica rather prominent ; sides nearly parallel, broadly

and evenly arcuate throughout ; disk broadly convex, the sutural stria deep

and straight ; discal stria distinct, extending well behind the middle; basal

foveze two in number, the intra-humeral depression large. Abdomen decidedly

narrower and somewhat longer than the elytra, parallel and very feebly arcuate

at the sides ; segments equal in length toward base, convex, minutely and

sparsely punctulate basally, the basal carinze rather short, straight, parallel

and separated by fully 1¢ of the discal width ; secondtral ven segment nearly

_ as long as the next two combined. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

This very isolated species can be distinguished at once from

any other, with bifoveate elytral base, by its large size, very small

head, finely impressed median line of the pronotum, finely rugu-

lose elytra with an unusually long discal stria and by many other

characters. It is represented by a single female in rather poor

condition.

Trimiopsis Reit.—The type of this genus is 7. claviceps Reit.,

from Colombia (Deutsch Ent. Zeits., XX VI, 1882, p. 150), an in-

sect of rather large size for the present group, and having a re-

markable cephalic development. Most of the minute species,

subsequently placed here by Reitter, belong to other genera;

specularis, for instance, is assignable to Melba and eggersz, which

I erroneously regarded as typical of Trimiopsis (Col. Not. V, p.

462), must form the type of another genus named “ Zolium ” in the

table. Some of the characters given in the table in defining

Trimiopsis are assumed, as no allusion to them is made in the

original description, such as the presence of a post-humeral fovea,

isolated lateral pronotal foveze and elongate discal stria of the

elytra, for example. There seems to be a tendency in the large ter-

minal joint of the antenne to split at apex along an axial plane

in many of these minute trimioid forms, and the notice which

I formerly drew to this character in specularis (1. c.) is of no

significance from a generic viewpoint.

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. 561

Actiastes n. gen.—Founded upon a minute species previously

referred by me to Actium, but differing so much in the arrange-

ment of the cephalic fovee, more elongate basal segment of the

dorsum and other characters, as to demand a separate genus. Its

type is Trimium foveicolle Lec., which I have taken abundantly

in Rhode Island, and also received through Mr. Schmitt, from

the mountains of Pennsylvania. Costalis, of Brendel, undoubtedly

belongs to this genus, and may be identical with foveicollis; but

if his measurements are correct, it must be materially larger.

Cupila n. gen.—This distinct genus has for its type the Trv-

mium clavicorne, of Maklin, a male of which, from Astoria,

Oregon, was kindly given me by Mr. Schwarz. The black color

of the body alone might have led to the inference of generic

divergence from Actium, in which the species are all pale,

as this difference in the coloration would tend to indicate marked

differences in habits and environment. The genus departs from

Actium in its less convex and more linear form of body, com-

plete absence of discal elytral stria, this being replaced by the

elongate basal fovea of Trimium, in its elongate basal segment of

the dorsum, this having two extremely minute and parallel basal

carinze separated by scarcely 4 of the discal width, and other

characters as related in the table. The sparse subdecumbent

pubescence of the abdomen streams outward in a remarkable

manner, and the male ventral characters are very striking and

confined to the third segment; this segment is profoundly ex-

cavated to its base at about lateral third, the excavations ap-

parently confluent beneath the median ligula, which is dilated at

apex and impressed laterally. The hind tarsi are long, with the

second joint fully 2 longer than the third. The under surface

of the head has exceedingly few erect sete, their extremities

minutely capitulate as usual.

Simplona n. gen.—The transverse pronotal sulcus in this genus

terminates laterally in slightly dilated, very deep and perfectly

nude fovez near the rounded and indefinite lateral margin, as in

Trimium, and the tenth antennal joint is as strongly triangular in

a transverse sense asin Trimiopsis, and moreso than in Trimium.

From the latter genus it is distinguishable at once by the large

and deep post-humeral fovea and pleural carina, which are there

completely wanting. The single type is described as follows : —

562 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

S. arizonica n. sp.—Slender and linear, though quite convex, shining,

the elytra subalutaceous, very pale flavo-testaceous in color throughout, the

head and prothorax minutely, sparsely and asperately subpunctate, the elytra.

scarcely visibly, sparsely and very minutely punctulate ; pubescence short,

decumbent and moderately dense. Head as wide as the prothorax, rather

wider than long, the eyes well developed, at rather less than their own

length from the base, the tempora less promivent and circularly rounded be-

hind them to the neck; base broadly sinuato-truncate, not obviously im-

pressed at the middle ; fovez rather small but deep, just behind the middle

and separated by %¢ of the entire width, united transversely by a very

broadly subtriangular groove extending anteriorly only half way to the inter-

antennal line, the frontal margin throughout broadly tumid, the antennal tu-

bercles not well defined ; antennz very short, scarcely 14 longer than the head,

the eleventh joint large, conoidal, as long as the five or six preceding joints.

combined and twice as wide as the ninth, the base oblique, tenth triangular ;.

erect capitate setz of the under surface rather short and few in number.

Prothorax but slightly wider than long, widest and not very prominently

rounded at about the middle, the sides broadly arcuate and convergent ante-

riorly, convergent and sinuate toward base ; transverse suleus strongly flexed

posteriorly at the middle or biarcuate ; disk convex and even. Elytra not quite

as long as wide, scarcely 26 longer and about 94 wider than the prethorax, the

humeri quite well exposed at base ; sides feebly divergent and broadly arcuate

throughout from base to apex ; disk moderately convex ; sutural stria very

coarse and deep ; basal pit slightly elongate. Abdomen longer than the elytra

and but little narrower, the sides feebly arcuate ; surface broadly convex, the

first visible dorsal with two short basal carinz separated by rather less than 1¢

of the total width and ‘limiting a decided basal depression, distinctly longer

than the second ; two to four diminishing gradually in length. Legs short, the

femora only moderately stout. Length 0.95 mm. ; width 0.28 mm.

Arizona (Williams). Mr. Wickham.

The abdomen in the single female type is strongly extended

and perfectly straight in profile, not deflexed toward tip.

Zolium n. gen.—The body in this genus is very nearly as in

Melba, being similarly short and convex, rather ventricose and

with the pronotal sulcus continuous down the flanks without.

trace of fovez, but here there is a small but well developed post-

humeral fovea and pleural cariniform lineasin Actium. Thetype

is Trimiopsis eggersi Reit., from the island of St. Thomas. In

this species the pleural cariniform line ‘is paralleled above by 2

series of small punctures, each of which bears a short squamiform

hair, and the fovez of the head are discal, remote from the eyes

and wholly isolated ; the head is about equal in width to the pro-

thorax. The sixthantennal joint of the male is slightly dilated,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 563

and the ventral characters are somewhat as in Cupila clavicornis

Makl, the third segment having a large rectangular lamina at

lateral third, from beneath which projects obliquely and laterally

a singular wart-like elevation, bearing at its summit a cluster of

remarkable squamules; the sixth segment is much longer than

the fifth, scarcely modified, and the seventh, or ventral pygidium,

is small and transversely fusiform ; ventrals two to five decrease

rather rapidly in length. The last joint of the maxilliary palpi is

elongate, gradually swollen within toward base, and is longer than

the entire basal portion.

Trimium Aubé—This genus appears to be exclusively palex-

arctic, and does not occur at all in the American continents. As

represented by brevicorne, the body is more elongate than in

Melba, and differs altogether in the formation of the basal parts

of the prothorax, the transverse dorsal sulcus not extending at

all down the flanks, but terminating at some slight distance

within the rounded lateral edges, in small deep and glabrous en-

largements ; the foveze of the head are nude, rather widely sepa-

rated and feebly connected by a large shallow ambient depression ;

tenth antennal joint slightly asymmetric and transversely trian-

gular or cuneiform. Elytra with an elongate discal fovea at base,

without trace of a post-humeral fovea, but with a very fine pleural

line extending parallel to the side margin from before the middle

to the apex, its anterior point of origin entirely indefinite.

First dorsal elongate, with a median depression at base, the

second ventral nearly as long as the next three combined.

Tarsi slender and densely clothed with very short stiff hairs,

the terminal claw quite small, slender and feebly arcuate.

Trimiomelba n. gen.—Greatly resembles Melba in the form of

body, but differs in the elongate first dorsal and second ventral

segment, which character is accompanied by a larger head,

flatter above, with the sides more abruptly vertical, the fovec

more remote; the head is frequently, or perhaps always, more or

less modified in the male, which seems never to be the case in

Melba. The penultimate antennal joints are small, lenticular and

symmetric. The hind tarsi arelong and slender, the second joint

twice as long as the third, the claw very small and slender. The

species are three in number as follows :—

564 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Prothorax shorter, not longer than wide, less rounded at the sides anteriorly,

the apex but slightly narrower than the base....................60++- lzevis n. sp.

Prothorax narrower, fully as long as wide, the sides more arcuate and the apex

somewhat narrower when compared with the base.

Front obtusely rounded between the antennz ; cephalic fovee small and

subpertorater.sccsctivesdesavehinen secacheeatiemoarencens ns enentcncenee convexula Lec.

Front more narrowly subangulate, the head more punctulate toward the

sides ; foveze larger, more widely impressed and rather less remotely sepa-

rated ; pubescence a lithle!coarseni-s: -ce +--+ 22-4. ete eee een eee eee dubia Lec.

The characters of the table are drawn from the female through-

out. The genus is confined, so far as known, to the Atlantic

coast regions.

TT. lzevis.—Strongly convex, highly polished, impunctate and uniformly

pale flavo-testaceous throughout, moderately ventricose, the pubescence very

fine, short, decumbent and rather inconspicuous though somewhat abundant.

Head rather large, fully as wide as the prothorax, almost as long as wide,

feebly convex, the eyes very small, slightly prominent, at nearly twice their

own length from the base, the tempora less prominent behind them, long,

feebly convergent and but slightly arcuate to the basal angles, which are ob-

tusely rounded ; occiput not visibly impressed ; fovez slightly behind the

middle, large, separated by more than 14 the entire width, the ambient sulcus

large but shallow, becoming lost anteriorly in the shallow depression between

the moderate antennal prominences, the sulcus with some scattered coarse

punctures near the prominences ; antennze 14 longer than the head, the last

joint very large, conoidal, almost as long as the -ix preceding joints combined.

Prothorax as long as wide, widest but not very prominently rounded at the

middle, the sides thence feebly convergent and broadly arcuate to the apex,

more rapidly so and sinuate to the base; transverse sulcus deep, strongly an-

gulated at the middle, continued down the flanks. Elytra di-tinctly shorter

than wide, nearly as long as the head and prothorax and about 44 wider, the

sides divergent from the slightly prominent humeri to the apex and rather

strongly, evenly arcuate ; intra-humeral fovea deep, vanishing at about basal

fourth ; sutural stria fine. Abdomen slightly narrower and somewhat longer

than the elytra, the sides feebly convergent aud slightly arcuate, the apex

parabolic ; first dorsal nearly as long as the next two, with two slender

parallel basal carinz 14 or 4 as long as the segment and separated by 34 the

entire width ; second ventral rather longer than the next three combined, with

two slender parallel basal carinze nearly 14 as long as the segment. Legs and

tarsi slender, the femora but slightly inflated in the female. Length 0.8mm. ;

width 0.35 mm.

District of Columbia.

This species is allied to converula, which was described from

Tampa, Florida, my representative being from Orescent City. It

differs from convexula, as compared in the female, in its rather

Coleopterological Notices, VII. - 565

smaller eyes, longer, less arcuate and less converging tempora,

unimpressed occiput, broader head and prothorax with less

rounded sides of the latter, and in several other features.

As usual in the present genus, the elytra have at the sides a

fine line beginning at the base, extending posteriorly, very grad-

ually receding from the edge, more rapidly toward tip and attain-

ing the elytral apex; this line does not seem to be entirely homo-

logous with the very strong post-foveal carina of Cupila and

related genera. The sutures defining the side-pieces of the me-

sosternum are obliterated, but there isa fine straight longitudinal

carina extending from the apical margin to the hind limits of the

middle coxe; at some slight distance externally from them, and

just external to this carina at its posterior limit, there begins a

large and deeply impressed channel, extending obliquely outward

and vanishing at about the middle of the metasternum at a con-

siderable distance from the side margins. In Melba the confor-

mation of these parts is nearly similar, but the oblique channel is

very short and the elytra! flanks have an oblique line extending

from near the middle of the lateral edges to the apex.

Melba n. gen.—This genus wiil include Zrimium thoracicum

and puncticolle, and, in all probability, also parvulum, gracile,

laticolle, majus and discolor, which I have not seen. The head is

not quite so large as in Trimiomelba, and is apparently not modi-

fied in the male, the last antennal joint large and conoidal, the two

penultimate joints small, lenticular, gradually wider and virtually

symmetric. The first dorsal segment is not elongate and is not

narrowed at base as it is in Dalmosella, the second ventral not

as long as the next two and bi- or triexcavate sublaterally at base,

the sixth large in the male, the seventh enclosing a large, oblong-

oval, liguliform pygidium. In the male the anterior, and especi-

ally the intermediate, femora are greatly swollen, while in Tri-

miomelba this character is scarcely noticeable. In Melba

sulcatula the intermediate male tibiz are obtusely but strongly

prominent within just beyond the middle, this character not being

observable in the corresponding sex of any other species which I

have seen. In puncticollis the abdominal carinz are very short

and separated by about 4 the discal width; in thoracica, which is

nearly similar, the carine are slightly longer and are separated

by only about + ofthat width. Trimiopsis specularis Reit., from

566 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

the island of St. Thomas, may be assigned to this genus for the

present, although the male sexual characters are of a slightly dif

ferent order, the ventral pygidium being much shorter and semi-

circular, the second and third ventrals tuberculate sublaterally,

and the anterior and intermediate femora not particularly swol-

len; the anterior femur is foveate on the posterior edge just be-

yond the middle, and the corresponding edge of the middle femur

is carinate at the middle.

The species of Melba are all very small in size and may be as-

signed to four groups by the following characters :—

Basal intra-humeral fovea of the elytra short.

Pronotum impunctate.

Occiput impressed or canaliculate at the middle ....................-.+ Group 1

Occiput! not: impressed)... sce. cee sds beeen la Soe ges culenaseey Seca Re eee eee Group 2

Pronotum finely and asperately punctate ...............2. seseseeeeeeecerees Group 3.

Basal fovea large and elongate ; species rather less minute ............+0+: Group 4

The first group comprises parvula, texana, sulcatula, laticollis

and discolor, the second gracilis of Brendel, the third puncticollis

and thoracica,and the fourth maja, fossiger and uniformis. Dis-

color is said to have no occipital impression by Dr. Brendel in

his paper on the genus Trimium (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIX, p. 166),

but is particularly defined by its channeled occiput in the mono-

graph of the Pselaphide by that author (Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ.

Iowa, II, pp. 32 and 34); the latter statement is in agreement

with the description of LeConte.

The four species which follow appear to be undescribed hith-

erto.

M. texama n. sp.—Moderately ventricose, strongly convex, polished and

impunctate, pale testaceous throughout, the pubescence fine, short, decumbent

and rather dense. Head slightly though distinctly, narrower than the pro-

thorax, as long as wide, with two rather small nude foveze just behind the

middle, separated by nearly 144 the entire width, the ambient connecting

depression very shallow and feeble throughout ; antennal tubercles somewhat

small but pronounced ; eyes rather small, at much more than their own length

from the base, the tempora behind them a little less prominent, very feebly

convergent and straight, somewhat abruptly rounded at base, the occipital im-

pression rather short : nd feeble ; antennz normal, nearly as in parvula. Pro-

thorax slightly wider than long, widest and a little more strongly rounded at

the middle, the sides moderately convergent and arcuate th nee to the apex,

sinuiate toward base and parallel in basal fourth ;suleus distinct, broadly bi-

arcuate. E/ytra distinctly shorter than wide, nearly 44 longer and 46 wider

than the prothorax, the sides strongly divergent from the moderately exposed

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 567

humeri and distinctly arcuate, the disk moderately convex, widest behind the

middle, the basal fovea short but deep. Abdomen slightly longer and narrow-

er than the elytra, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate, parabolic as usual at

apex ; dorsal segments equal, the first with two extremely minute basal cari-

ne }¢ or 4g as long as the segment and separated by b..t little more than 1

the discal width ; between each and the side margin there isa series of small

elevated detached granules along the basal margin. Length 0.85 mm. ;

width 0.33 mm.

Texas (Columbus ). Hubbard and Schwarz.

The intermediate femora in the male type described above, are

greatly swollen, the upper edge very strongly arcuate, the lower

feebly sinuate, the tibis simple; the fifth ventral is notably short,

scarcely visible except laterally, the sixth large, slightly flattened

toward the middle and the horizontal pygidium rather large, as

wide as long, circularly rounded behind, nearly flat and quite im-

punctate. In the female the head is slightly smaller but similar

otherwise. Two specimens.

Texana is closely related to discolor, but differs in color, that

Species being described as chestnut-brown with the abdomen

darker ; discolor is said by LeConte to occur in Louisiana.

M. sulecatula n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, shining, impunctate

and pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the pubescence very short, fine,

decumbent and abundant. Head slightly narrower than the prothorax, con

vex, not quite as long as wide, the eyes small but rather prominent, at slightly

more than their own length from the base, the tempora behind them less

prominent, slightly convergent and somewhat arcuate to the base; occiput

with a long median channel ; foves moderate in size, deep, just behind the

middle, connected by a deep angulate sulcus, separated by rather less than 14

the entire width ; supra-antennal prominences pronounced, crossed obliquely

by a narrow groove; antennz 14 longer than the head, slender, the second joint

larger and more oval than the first, eleventh very large, conoidal, more than

twice as thick as the tenth and as long as the five preceding. Prothorax dis-

tinctly wider than long, the sides parallel and almost evenly rounded, strongly

narrowed at base, the sides becoming parallel in basal third or fourth ; disk

strongly convex, the sulcus deep, strongly angulated at the middle, continued

uninterruptedly down the flanks. Elytra distinctly shorter than wide, %

longer and *4 wider than the prothorax, the sides moderately divergent from

the slightly prominent humeri to the apex and broadly, rather strongly arcu-

ate; intra-humeral fovea deep, evanescent before basal third, the sutural stria

fine and feeble. Abdomen rather longer than the elytra and nearly as wide,

the sides parallel and feebly arcuate ; apex broadly parabolic ; dorsals equal,

the first with two short fine parallel carinz at base, separated by about % of

the entire width. Length 0.8 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

568 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Besides the tibial character before referred to, the anterior

femora of the male above described are moderately, the interme-

diate very strongly, swollen, the upper contour of the latter

strongly arcuate, the lower very feebly sinuate toward the middle ;

the posterior trochanters are acute at tip, the abdominal charac-

ters extremely feeble and the ventral pygidium large. The female

differs but little, the head being only slightly smaller than in the

male. A

This minute species is allied to parvula, but differs in the elon-

gate occipital impression, which takes the form of a fine suleus

extending anteriorly to a point midway between the fovee. In

parvula, which was described from a unique taken in the neigh-

borhood of Charleston, S. C., the transverse sulcus of the prono-

tum is said to be nearly straight; in sulcatula it is distinctly

though broadly angulate. It is probable that the Zrimium par-

vulum, described by Dr. Brendel in his revision of the genus Trim-

ium, is the present species or one closely allied.

M. fossiger n. sp.—Moderately stout and ventricose, strongly convex,

polished and impunctate throughout, pale brownish-testaceous, the legs and an-

tenne slightly more flavate ; pubescence rather coarse, short, subdecumbent,

only moderately abundant. Head very slightly narrower than the prothorax,

as long as wide, the eyes moderate in prominence, rather small, at much more

than their own length from the base, the tempora behind them but slightly

less prominent, long, feebly arcuate and but just visibly convergent to the

base, the angles well defined though rounded ; base distinctly impressed at the

middle, the impression not prolonged forward to the vertex ; fovez large,

moderately deep, nude, situated just behind the middle and separated by

nearly 14 the total width, united by a very feebly impressed ambient sulcus,

which is not materially enlarged behind the slightly tumid frontal margin ;

antennal prominences small but rather distinct ; antennz 14 longer than the

head, the second joint oval, distinctly larger than the first, ninth but little

wider than the preceding, transversely cuneiform, tenth distinctly wider, very

short and transversely lenticular, virtually symmetric, the eleventh as long

as the five preceding combined and twice as wide as the tenth. Prothorax

distinctly wider than long, the sides parallel and circularly arcuate anteriorly,

strongly convergent and sinuate toward base, the sulcus strong, only mode-

rately cuspid posteriorly at the middle. lytra distinctly shorter than wide,

14 longer and more than 4 wider than prothorax, the sides strongly divergent,

strongly arcuate especially behind the middle, where they are materially wider

than at apex; humeri slightly exposed, the plica narrow and pronounced ;

basal fovea iarge, elongate, gradually attenuate and extending fully to the

middle of the disk. Abdomen a little longer and narrower than the elytra,

convex, the dorsals equal toward base, the first with two slender, flat,

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 569

gradually pointed and feebly converging carinz in less than basal third, sepa-

rated by about 14 of the discal width. Legs rather slender, the femora

moderately dilated. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

New York.

Described from a single female example and evidently closely

related to the Iowan maja, of Brendel, in the large and elongate

basal fovea of the elytra; although elongate this fovea does not

assume the form of a stria however. The sutural stria is deep

and straight, and is gradually shallowed externally but without

indication of any particularly distinct punctures, as alluded to in

the description of maja.

M. umiformiis n. sp.—Strongly convex, moderately ventricose and im-

punctate, resembling the preceding in color and vestiture. Head about equal

in width to the prothorax, fully as long as wide, the eyes rather well developed,

moderately convex and prominent, at scarcely more than their own length

from the base, the tempora behind them slightly less prominent, quite dis-

tinctly convergent and continuously arcuate to the base ; occiput distinctly

impressed at the middle, the impression carried forward, gradually becoming

feeble nearly to the line of the fovez, the latter rather large and deep, nude, at

basal 2, and separated by nearly 14 the total width, connected by a feeble

ambient sulcus; antennal prominences small but strong ; antennz nearly as

in fossiger, except that the ninth joint is but little larger than the eighth and

almost perfectly symmetric, the tenth not so broad and less than 14 as wide as

the eleventh. Prothorax slightly wider than long, the sides circularly arcuate,

becoming abruptly straight and parallel in rather more than basal fourth, the

sulcus broadly biarcuate and rather deep, not dilated at the median flexure.

Elytra nearly as in fossiger but rather less abbreviated, with the sides not quite

so divergent from the moderately prominent humeri, the basal fovea large,

rather abruptly evanescent and extending through basal 7¢ of the length;

sutural stria not obviously punctured externally, except very minutely and

feebly toward tip. Abdomen as long as the elytra and obviously narrower,

convex, the dorsals equal, the first with two flat triangular parallel carine in

less than basal third, separated by less than 4, of the discal width. Legs

rather slender, the femora moderately inflated. Length 1.0 mm.; width

0.4 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

Also described from the female and closely related to the pre-

ceding, differing in its less elongate and more rounded tempora,

more anteriorly extended occipital sulcus, relatively somewhat

smaller prothorax, shorter, deeper and more abruptly defined basal

fovea of the elytra and some other characters. It is rather re-

markable that of the sixteen examples before me not one is a

male, and, so far as I know, the male in this peculiar group, hav-

ing a more elongate basal fovea of the elytra, remains unknown.

570 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

.Dalmosellan. gen.—The general form of the body in this genus

is nearly as in Melba, but narrower and slightly less convex. The

antenne differ quite distinctly in structure, being shorter and

more compact, with the ninth and tenth joints larger, the latter

transversely triangular and the eleventh more evenly and acutely

conical; the cephalic fovez are larger and strongly pubescent, the

eyes more developed and the abdomen slightly narrowed or con-

stricted at the base. The mesoparapleure are obliquely divided by

a fine suture, the epimeron much the larger, with its posterior

margin strongly defined by a transverse, anteriorly arcuate suture

extending from the coxe to the elytral margin; adjoining this

line posteriorly, there is a large pubescent fovea. The flanks of

the elytra have a fine line extending from about basal third to the

apex and parallel throughout to the side margin. Dalmosella in-

cludes some of the most minute of the Pselaphide, and, besides

the type described below, I am inclined to assign to it the

Trimium americanum and T. simplex of LeConte, the former

being 0.6, the latter 0.5 mm. in length.

D. tenuis n. sp.—Narrow, subparallel, moderately convex, impunctate,

pale brownish-testaceous throughout, the pubescence moderately short, sub-

decumbent, quite coarse and not very dense. Head a little narrower than the

prothorax and quite distinctly wider than long, the eyes rather large and well

developed, convex, finely faceted and at about 14 of their own length from the

base, the tempora much less prominent, convergent and obtusely rounded be-

hind them ; occiput just visibly impressed at base but not suleate ; fovez

large, deep, pubescent, at about the middle of the length and separated by a

little less than 14 the entire width, united by a very feeble arcuate impression

scarcely extending 14 the distance to the frontal margin, the latter arcuate at

tip ; antennz very short, scarcely 14 longer than the head, the two basal joints

larger as usual aud subequal, the second somewhat angularly prominent within,

three to seven equal in width, short and compactly joined, eighth a little wider,

transversely oval, ninth still wider, lenticular, almost symmetric, tenth wider

and transversely triangular, eleventh conical, only 1g wider than the tenth,

as long as the five preceding combined. Prothorax slightly wider than long,

widest at about the middle, the sides convergent and rounded anteriorly, the

transverse biarcuate sulcus distinct, deep on the descending flanks constricting

the prothorax between basal third and fourth, the surface bordering the stric-

ture anteriorly not very prominent. but more strongly pubescent ; sulcus not

dilated at the middle ; disk even. Elytra not quite as long as wide, % longer

and 34 wider than the prothorax, the sides broadly arcuate, nearly parallel and

but feebly divergent from the slightly exposed humeri, widest behind the mid-

dle ; disk moderately convex, the sutural groove rather deep, the discal re-

duced to a large subelongate basal fovea as in Trimium. Abdomen rather

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 571

longer than the elytraand only just visibly narrower, widest at the middle, the

sides parallel and somewhat strongly arcuate ; first dorsal a little longer than

the second, with two short parallel basal carinz, 1g as long as the segment

and separated by rather more than 1g of the discal width, the intervening sur-

face somewhat more impressed ; ventrals two to four rather long, rapidly de-

creasing in length, the fifth much shorter. Legs slender, the femora but slightly

inflated, the hind tarsi rather elongate, with the second joint nearly twice as

long and thick as the third; claw very small. Length 0.7 mm.; width

0.27 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The only specimen known to me isa female. The under sur-

face of the head has but few very short capitate setz, and the

ventral sutures are straight and transverse throughout.

Basolum n. gen.—This name is proposed for a genus which

appears to be rendered necessary to fit the published characters

of Trimium impunctatum of Brendel, from the middle Atlantic

regions. ‘The head is said to have two oblong isolated fovee, the

ambient sulcus wholly obsolete, the first antennal joint elongate,

being twice as long as wide, the maxillary palpi small, with the

third joint obliquely rounded and larger than the fourth, which is

obliquely conoidal; the elytra are said to have a fine discal stria

extending to the middle. The described characters of the maxil-

lary palpi are extraordinary and wholly exceptional among the

genera allied to Trimium and Actium; this, and the elongate

basal joint of the antennz, would necessitate its generic isolation

under any circumstances, and I am by no means certain that it

will prove to be allied to Trimium at all. For the present I would

also place in this genus the Trimium durum of Brendel, (Tr. Am.

Ent. Soc., XIX, p. 166), in the description of which it is stated

that the frontal sulcus is interrupted at the middle, that the discal

stria of the elytra extends to the middle and that the third joint

of the maxillary palpus is globular, half as thick as the fourth,

the latter but little longer than wide. If durum is not a Basolum

it will require a distinct genus, on account of palpal structure. I

have been unable to study either of these remarkable species. On

request, Mr. Ulke, of Washington, sent me what he stated to be

the only example of 7. impunctatum in his cabinet. This proves

to be merely a representative of a species of Actium, apparently

identical with angustum, described above, having the basal joint of

the antenne rather smaller than the second, the cephalic foves

united by a deep parabolic sulcus and the palpi perfectly normal.

572 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

I can scarcely imagine, however, that Dr. Brendel could have made

three such radical mistakes in his description of tmpunctatum, —

and therefore leave the matter for further development.

Trimioplectus Bndl.—The body in this genus, as represented

by ZT. obsoletus, the type and only known species, is convex and

formed nearly as in Melba, the mesoparapleure and metasternal

fovea as in Dalmosella, the flanks of the elytra wholly without

trace of post-humeral fovea, but with a fine line parallel to the

side margin in apical half. The biarcuate pronotal sulcus is almost

exactly as in the European Trimium, being at a greater distance

from the base than in the related American genera owing to the

greater elongation of the prothorax, and ending near the lateral

edges in slight, nude, punctiform dilatations. The head is smaller

than the prothorax, wider than long, with large well developed

eyes and short tempora, and with two small, nude, widely sepa-

rated aud wholly isolated fovez at some distance behind the mid-

dle, the frontal margin rather wide and separated from the vertex

by a feeble transverse sulcus, which is feebly and posteriorly ar-

cuate and disconnected in every way from the fovee ; the palpi are

normally trimiiform. The antennz are much longer than in any

of the allies of Trimium or Actium, and the joints are less trans-

verse and more loosely connected, the tenth joint of the male

about 4 wider than long, the eleventh but little longer than the

preceding three combined. The long bristling sete of the under

surface do not seem to terminate in knob-like enlargements, but.

to have their extremities asperate for a short distance. The discal

impression of the elytra extends broadly impressed and substri-

iform to or beyond the middle. The abdomen is formed in quite

a different manner from that characterizing the allies of Melba

and Trimium, the segments decreasing in width from the apex of

the first ; the first dorsal is notably longer than the second, with

a feeble transverse impression at base extending through nearly

4 the discal width and limited by abrupt but scarcely cariniform

lateral extremities, the formation nearly as in Trimium. The sec-

ond ventral in the male is nearly as long as the next four combined

along the middle. but much shorter at the sides, the seventh in the

form of a transverse semicircular pygidium, and the third has a

small pubescent tubercle at the apex and lateral fourth or fifth.

The genus is remarkably isolated among the American forms,.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. O18

but seems to be allied, as before stated, to Periplectus, from the

east coast of southern Africa.

BATRISINI.

BATRISUS Aubé.

‘The possession of a long terminal appendage of the hind tibie

characterizes by far the greater number of forms inhabiting the

Atlantic coast regions, and, if the genus is to be divided, this will

perhaps prove to be a better criterion than the pronotal sculpture

assumed by Reitter; the genus Arthmius, which is constantly as-

sumed by Reitter and Raffray to be a subgenus of Batrisus, is in

no way closely related, as I have previously pointed out; the

South American species with strongly modified front in the males

possibly do not belong to Arthmius at all. In some of the east-

ern species of Batrisus there are sexual differences in the pygidium

analogous to those known to exist in the California representa-

tives. In schaumi,for example, the pygidium of the male is

semicircular and merely tumid, while in the female it has a short

but acutely elevated discal carina; in that species the long slender

spine of the intermediate legs projects from basal third or fourth

of the femur of both sexes, and is not confined to the male or at-

tached to the trochanter as stated by Brendel.

B. temporalis n. sp.—Rather slender, convex, polished, pale rufo-testa-

ceous in color throughout, minutely and sparsely punctulate, the punctules of

the head and pronotum feebly asperate; pubescence moderate in length,

strongly reclined, coarseand somewhat sparse. Head distinctly narrower than

the prothorax and 1ather longer than wide, the eyes moderate in size, convex

and prominent, at a little less than their own length from the base, the tem-

pora nearly parallel, feebly arcuate and less prominent behind them to the

basal angles, which are well defined; upper surface but slightly convex, shining

behind, dullin nearly apical half owing to very coarse polygonally crowded

punctures which extend to the transverse crest of the front between the an-

tenn; there the front becomes declivous in about 45 degrees, and narrowed

between the large antennal cavities, with the apex broadly and feebly bilobed :

the surface of the sloping portion is deeply and broadly excavated, polished

and impunctate, and has at the middle a triangular elevation prolonged an-

teriorly into a fine process projecting in the feeble sinus of the apical margin;

the triangular elevation bears two pairs of acute setigerous tubercles both ar-

ranged transversely, the posterior much the larger, the anterior very approxi-

mate and minute; the clypeus beneath has a double edge, with a medial cari-

niform setigerous elevation, the apex of which appears at a slight distance be-

- fore the sinus of the bilobed frontal edge and at the same level; posteriorly

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Scr., IX, June, 1897.—38.

514 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

there are two large deep nude and widely separated fovezx at basal third, the

oblique attendant impressions large and feeble, not confluent anteriorly, also

a strong median carina extending from apical to basal third and a fine arcuate

carina at some distance above the eyes. Antenne distinctly longer than the

head and prothorax, perfectly simple, except the basal joint, which is cylin-

drical, minutely punctate, with the basal margin abruptly dilated; second

joint about as long as the third and but little thicker; outer thre- joints

gradually wider; tenth as long as wide; eleventh scarcely as long as the two

preceding. Prothorax about as long as wide, widest ani rather strongly

10unded anter orly, the sides gradually convergeut toward base, sinuate op-

posite the lateral fovese which are large, deep and nude, with a portion of their

external margin cariniform and elevated; they are prolonged anteriorly for a

considerable distance in a gradually evanescent impression, but are wholly

isolated transversely; an acute spiniform process arises nearly midway between

each and the median line, which is deeply grooved throughout, except near the

base, where the groove becomes a feeble carina; a feeble longitudinal ridge ex-

tends anteriorly from each spiniform process. Elytra nearly 44 longer and 34

wider than the prothorax, convex, the sides divergent and strongly arcuate;

humeral plica strong but not spiniferous, the discal impression large but

rapidly evanescent; three basal foveze deep, nude and perforate. Abdomen

rapidly narrowed from base to apex, the latter very narrowly rounded; sides

very feebly arcuate; basal carinz fine but strong, parallel, fully 1g as long as

the segment and separated by 4 the discal width. Pygidium rather small, but

slightly transverse, feebly and evenly tumid, rather sparsely and subasperately

punctulate. Legs moderate in length, the anterior femora subcarinate along

the lower edge, especially near basal fourth, but not otherwise modified, the

anterior tarsi short and thick. Le: gth 1.75-2.0 mm.; width 0.55-0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.) Mr. Schmitt.

The description applies to the male only, and the female is quite

different, being sensibly smaller, with the eyes a little smaller and

less prominent, the tempora longer and distinctly convergent,

with the basal angles very obtuse, the antennz shorter and more

slender, the front unmodified and merely coarsely scabro-punctate

on the apical slope, the prothorax relatively narrower and not

wider than the head, the abdominal carine shorter and slightly

more widely separated, the pygidium a little shorter and more

transverse, rather more tumid and with coarser elevated punctures

and the anterior tarsi longerand more slender. The modification

of the anterior femora is similar to that of the male. The last

ventral of the male has a large and very shallow impression, the

lateral limits of which are slightly tumid. Scabriceps, to which

the present species is allied, is larger and differs radically in the

structure of the front and tempora, and in having the small eleva- _

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 575

tion immediately behind each lateral fovea of the pronotum acute

and not rounded as it is in temporalis.

B. fossicauda n. sp.—Moderately stout and strongly convex, polished,

blackish-piceous in color, the legs and antennz testaceous, the elytra and

anterior parts also sometimes paler ; integuments subimpunctate, the pubes-

cence rather long, subdecumbent, coarse, pale and rather sparse. Head equal in

width to the prothorax, rather longer than wide, the base circularly rounded

from eye to eye, the latter rather small but convex and prominent, at distinctly

more than their own length from the base; upper surface moderately convex, with

a feeble carina at some distance above each eye, the median carina subobsolete 3

foveze moderate in size but very deep, nude and punctiform, situated rather be-

hind the eyes and remote, separated by nearly 14 the entire width, the impres-

‘sions subobsolete; thesurface begins gradually to slope from far behind the line of

the antennz, but at a point which is entirely undefined, the slope continuing

gradually and uniformly in a large flat surface to a broadly and subcircularly

-arcuate apical margin far before the antenne, attaining and only a slight distance

above the apical margin of the clypeus, the shallow vertical wall separating

the two edges perfectly smooth and slightly concave ; the flat and feebly slop-

ing front becomes slightly elevated along the antennal cavities, and its sculp-

ture consists of rather distant anastomosing elevated lines, somewhat smoother

‘sublaterally and merging gradually into coarse polygonal punctures posteriorly.

Antenne very short, not longer than the head and prothorax, the basal joint

‘stout but short, broadly swollen beneath, becoming impunctate ; second

‘somewhat shorter but a little thicker than the third ; sixth as long as wide ;

‘seventh a little shorter ; eighth not wider but shorter ; ninth decidedly wider,

‘slightly transverse, obtrapezoidal ; tenth much wider and decidedly trans-

verse ; eleventh not quite as wide as the tenth, a little longer than the preced-

ing two combined; the tenth has on the under surface a large circular

cavity, extending from the base to apical fourth. Prothoraxz nearly as long as

wide, widest and rather strongly rounded well before the middle, the sides

‘strongly convergent and broadly sinuate toward base ; disk with three large,

deep, feebly and arcuately connected foveze and two erect spiniform processes

in a transverse line near the base, the lateral foveze continued anteriorly for

‘some distance in feeble evanescent depressions, the spines in fine feeble sub-

cariniform ridges; median line finely impressed, not extending to the apex,

finely carinate between the fovea and the base. lytra distinctly shorter than

wide, % longer and 34 wider than the prothorax, the sides divergent and very

‘strongly arcuate throughout ; humeral plica small but acutely spinose ; discal

impression not extending to the middle; three basal fovez perforate. Abdo-

men longer than the elytra, not quite as wide, acutely ogival in form ; basal

carinee short, triangular, enclosing nearly 1g of the discal width. Pygidium

rather transverse, circularly rounded beneath, the surface strongly convex,

sparsely punctate, with a broad, deep, smooth and polished concave excavation

bordering the lower margin throughout the width. Legs rather long, the femora

stout, the anterior tarsi 14 as long as the tibiz, slenderand compressed. Length

2.1 mm.; width 0.6—0.7 mm.

516 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The female differs from the male, above described, in having the

pygidium a little larger and more transverse, rather less convex,

with the groove along the lower margin narrower but rather

deeper and with its upper margin more acute and subcariniform;

the last ventral is broadly convex, while in the male it has a

rather small and elongate-oval median impression, smooth and of

moderate depth. In the female the structure of the front does not

differ greatly from that of the male but the sculpture is finer and

denser and the antenne are simple, the last three joints gradually

wider; the fovez are less basal and somewhat less widely sepa-

rated and the basal carine of the abdomen are still shorter and

separated by fully 4 of the discal width. In the general form of

the body the sexes do not differ greatly, but the elytra in the

female are less abbreviated and about as long and wide as the ab-

domen.

This species may be placed near lineaticollis and bistriatus, dif-

fering from both in theless tumid pygidium with transversely ex-

cavated lower margin. The last named species are mutually very

closely allied, differing slightly in antennal structure and form of

the elytra, these being more elongated and with less arcuate sides

in lineatzcollis ; in bistriatus the canaliculate median line of the

pronotum of lineaticollis is almost or quite completely wanting ;

the male sexual characters are nearly identical, but the front be-

fore the antennez in the male of lineaticollisis slightly longer and

more concave than in the corresponding sex of bisiriatus.

B. uncicornis n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and subimpunctate, the

elytra sparsely and feebly, though somewhat coarsely, punctato-rugose ; body

pale rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence rather long, subdecumbent and

moderately abundant. Head large, much wider than the prothorax, wider

than long, the eyes rather well developed, convex and prominent, at nearly

their own length from the base, the tempora behind them much less prominent,

very strongly convergent and broadly arcuate to the neck ; upper surface pol-

ished and convex, impunctate, except the supra-antennal regions and declivous.

front, which are coarsely punctate, the punctures mutually separated, the me-

dian and lateral carinz fine, long, straight and parallel ; fovez large, deep,

nude and separated by 14 the total width, each continued forward in a broad

shallow sulcus, the two feebly arcuate and convergent, becoming approximate

on the line of the antenne but not confluent ; front gradually and moderately

declivous in a convex surface, the sides before the antennz straight and con-

vergent to a simple, acute and rectangular point, bristling at and toward the

Coleopterolugical Notices, VII. DTT

apex with coarse yellowish setz along the edge, the apex extending immedi-

ately above the truncate apical margin of the clypeus, the latter with a double

concave apex. Antennzx 14 as long as the body, moderately stout, the basal

joint nearly twice as long as wide, slightly swollen beneath toward base ;

second longer than wide, as long as the third and thicker ; three to seven sub-

similar, feebly obconic and longer than wide, the eighth of equal thickness but

not quite as long as wide ; ninth distinctly thicker, not quiteas long as wide,

the tenth still thicker, obtrapezoidal, about as long as wide, with a deep in-

ternal excavation toward tip, the eleventh very long, somewhat bent, nearly

as long as the preceding four combined, the base oblique and prolonged in-

ternally in a long posteriorly oblique corneous process, which is receivable in the

large excavation of the tenth joint. Prothorax not quite as long as, wide,

widest and prominently rounded at the sides only very slightly before the

middle, the sides convergent and sinuate thence to the base, rounded anteriorly;

disk very convex, with three lar. e nude fovex, the median slightly the smallest,

and two feeble spiniform protuberances all in a transverse line near the base,

the fovez not connected, the lateral prolonged forward in feeble, gradually

evanescent depressions, the median in a deep abrupt groove not extending quite

to the apex, the spines in fine short longitudinal carinze. E/ytra almost as long

as wide, 14 longer than the prothorax and nearly twice as wide, the sides

divergent and strongly, evenly arcuate from base to apex, the humeral plica

large but short and not very prominent, not spinose ; surface convex ; discal

impression moderate, rapidly evanescent, the three basal foveze deep, puncti-

form and equal. Abdomen convex, shorter and narrower than the elytra, the

basal carinz stout, rapidly acuminate, more than 14 as longas the segment and

separated by a little less than 14 of the discal width. Pygidium simple, smooth,

feebly convex, circularly rounded, #5 wider than long. Legs moderately long,

the middle and hind trochanters finely spiniform at tip ; femora distinctly

swollen beyond the middle, the anterior scarcely at all modified ; anterior

tibize somewhat dilated and feebly excavated beneath toward tip, the anterior

tarsi slender and unmodified, fully 14 as long as the tibiz, with the second and

third joints equal ; apical appendage of the hind tibiz rather short, straight

and acuminate. Length 1.7 mm. ; width 0.65 mm.

New York City and vicinity.

The ventral characters of the male type, described above, are

exceedingly feeble, the last segment being moderately large, with

the surface evenly and feebly convex transversely and wholly un-

modified. The female differs but little in general form or size, the

head being less obviously wider than the prothorax, with the an-

tenn shorter and simple, the front rapidly declivous before the

antenne to the broadly angulate simple apex of the clypeus, the

declivous surface feebly tumid along the middle, the abdomen as

wide as the elytra and nearly as long and the pygidium similar to

that of the male. The terminal appendage of the hind tibiz

578 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

seems to be a little longer in the female, and the last ventral is.

more obviously prolonged at apex in a short rounded lobe, as in

many Euplecti.

This species is allied to riparius, but in the latter the antennz

of the male are shorter, with a much larger and more globose tenth

antennal joint, and it differs further in having a more convex,

more finely and asperately punctate, steeper and setigerous frontal

declivity, smaller foveze, which are united by a continuous feeble

ambient sulcus, a narrower and more trapezoidal pygidium, 2

longer and more contorted apical tibial process, and in numerous

other features. Riparius is common in the Ohio valley, from the

headwaters of which, in Westmoreland Co., Pa., I have a small

series taken by Mr. Shai the present soon is sale homologue

from the Atlantic maritime regions.

B. harringtoni n. sp.—Rather stout and strongly convex, clear and

very pale rufo-testaceous throughout, shining, the elytra minutely, sparsely

punctulate, the head granularly and subrugosely, the pronotum and basal

parts of the tergum finely, sparsely and asperately ; pubescence moderate in

length, coarse, recurved and somewhat sparse. Head slightly transverse, dis-

tinctly wider than the prothorax, convex, shining toward base, densely and

coarsely sculptured anteriorly, the punctures umbilicate, the fovez large, deep,

nude, subbasal and separated by but little less than 14 the entire width, the

intervening surface strongly convex, finely carinate; sublateral carinz fine and

feeble ; eyes moderately large, very convex and prominent, at nearly their own

length from the base, the tempora behind them not at all prominent, very

rapidly convergent and broadly arcuate to the neck; dorsal impressions feeble,

only extending a short distance from the fovez, there being no trace of a cir-

cumambient sulcus ; frontal surface convex, without trace of antennal tuber-

cles, obtusely truncate with a median sinus from a vertical viewpoint, the

apex just before the line of the antenne vertical and deeply and smoothly ex-

cavated, the excavation subsemicircular in form, with its lower edge produced

in the middle in a quadrate horizontal process, deeply bifid at tip ; at the ex-

treme lateral limits of the excavation the sides extend downward in a lamel-

ate setose process, partially enclosing the antennal cavities, and, between this,

and the central bifid process, there is a small, acute, suberect and setiferous.

tubercle ; clypeus broadly produced in the middle in a rounded lobe, with the

surface very convex, the summit posteriorly feebly carinate under the bifid

process of the front, the carina bearing some long sparse radiating sets ; man-

dibles stout, the inner margin multi-serrulate, the arcuate tip moderately

produced and aciculate. Antennx rather less than 14 as long as the body,

somewhat slender, the club only moderately thick, the basal joint less than 14

longer than wide, flattened and punctate within, the lower contour rounded

toward base, the upper surface emarginate at apex for the reflexion of the

funicle about half way to the base ; second joint not quite as long as the third

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 579

but thicker and more pubescent, longer than wide ; joints three to seven sub-

equal, elongate and closely joined; eighth a little shorter and narrower; ninth

distinctly thicker, obtrapezoidal, fully as long as wide; tenth similar in form

but much larger, rather longer than wide, with a large and very deep circular

perforate fovea on the under surface, extending from the base to the middle,

the surface thence to the apex more oblique than the corresponding surface ex-

ternally ; eleventh as long as the preceding two, as thick as the tenth, ob-

liquely flattened externally toward tip, the latter acute. Prothorax nearly as

long as wide, widest and rather prominently lobed at the sides just before the

middle, sinuately narrowed toward base, with the usual three fover and two

spiniform processes near the base, the arcuate impressions before the processes

almost obsolete, the lateral longitudinal impressions deep, sulciform and almost

entire, the median groove deep and extending almost to the apex; longitudi-

nal carinz very fine and feeble. lytra nearly as long as wide, 14 longer and

4 wider than the prothorax, the sides only moderately divergent and arcuate,

humeral plica elongate and strong but not spinose, the impression broad,

tapidly evanescent; three basal foveze deep and perforate. Abdomen distinctly

narrower and very much shorter than the elytra, the carine very broad at

base, rapidly finely acuminate, 4 as long as the segment and separated by

nearly 14 of the discal width at base, the impressions deep. Pygidiwm moder-

ately convex, somewhat transverse, the lower edge with a minute sinuation

receiving a small apical lobe of the last ventral, the surface adjacent to the

sinus with a narrow, arcuate and extremely deep transverse excavation, the

upper limiting line of which is an acute edge. Jetasternum swollen in the

middle, the slope toward the intercoxal edge rapid and densely: pubescent.

Legs rather long and slender, the femora swollen ; tarsi all slender. Length

1.8mm. ; width 0.68 mm.

Canada (Ottawa—Mr. W. H. Harrington); Wisconsin (Bay-

field—Mr. Wickham); Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.—Mr.

Schmitt).

The male characters of the venter consist simply of a shallow

impression of the last segment, the lateral limits of which are

tumid, prominent and setose. The legs do not seem to be modi-

fied sexually. The three males before me represent a species

which may be placed near frontalis. I have not seen the female.

B. cavicornis n. sp.— Rather slender, strongly convex, polished and im-

punctate throughout, pale and bright rufous in color, the abdomen but little

darker and more brownish; pubescence moderate in length and coarseness, pale,

rather abundant and strongly recurved. Head but just visibly wider than the

prothorax, about as long as wide, the eyes small but convex and prominent, at

fully 44 more than their own length from the base, the base circularly and

continuously rounded behind them, the tempora very convergent; foveze rather

small, nude, near basal third, very widely separated, the ambient sulcus deep

and well defined except at the middle anteriorly, where it merges with the

580 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

nearly flat and feebly declivous superior surface of the front ; included surface

very strongly convex, smooth and sculptureless, having, however, posteriorly, a

large oval median area which is flattened or feebly indented, the lateral limits

of which are feebly cariniform ; supra-orbital carinze fine and rather feeble;

surface exterior to the ambient sulcus flattened and coarsely, rugosely sculp-

tured, becoming anteriorly gradually feebly declivous and minutely, sparsely,

subgranularly punctate, with the sides before the antenne nearly straight and

strongly convergent to the obtusely subangulate tip ; viewed anteriorly, the

frontal surface is nearly simple, greatly narrowed between the antennal cay-

ities, the steeper part short and separated from the short, broadly rounded and

simple clypeus by a very feeble short impression joining the antennal

cavities. Antenne obviously longer than the head and prothorax, moderately

slender, the basal joint cylindrical, not distinctly modified orswollen beneath;

second and third subequal, slightly elongate ; four to seven about as wide as

the third, subequal, closely joined, not quite as long as wide; eighth still

shorter and just visibly wider; ninth distinctly wider but not longer than the

eighth, strongly transverse ; tenth large and subquadrate, its under surface

with a large, profound, oval, feebly transverse and abruptly defined excava-

tion occupying medial # and basal %4 of the extent, its bottom, somewhat

nearer the internal than external edge, still more deeply perforate and radially

setulose; eleventh joint very large, still wider than the tenth, as long as the

preceding three combined, obliquely pointed at tip, its inner side angularly

subprominent just beyond the middle, the under surface feebly impressed

from the middle of the base, the impression smoother and less pubescent.

Prothorax about as long as wide, subinflated and rather prominently rounded

laterally well before the middle, the sides convergent and broadly sinuate

thence to the base; surface with a large but not very deep subpubescent fovea

continued anteriorly in a rapidly evanescent impression at each side, and a

large nude deep and more basal median fovea, feebly connected with the lateral

by shallow arcuate sulci anterior to the usual moderate spiniform processes;

median impression broad and shallow, becoming gradually narrower and

evanescent near apical fourth ; cariniform elevation before the spiniform pro-

cesses very short. Elytra convex, nearly as long as wide, barely 144 longer and

34 wider than the prothorax, the sides moderately divergent and broadly,

evenly arcuate from the rather prominent and broadly angulate but non-

spinose humeral plicze to the apex ; intra-humeral impression rather shallow ;

three basal foveze deep and punctiform. Abdomen but slightly narrower than

the prothorax and almost as long, the small basal carinze separated by rather

more than 14 of the discal width; lateral margin rather wide at hase.

Pygidium simple, smooth, moderate in convexity. Legs rather long, the femora

somewhat feebly swollen. Length 1.7 mm. ; width 0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.). Mr. Schmitt.

The male type has no secondary crural modification, and the

venter is nearly simple, the last segment being moderate in

length, feebly convex and without trace of impression or central

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 581

flattening. The chief peculiarity of this species resides in the

abnormal outline and medial impression of the eleventh antennal

joint ; it may be placed near foveicornis in the lists.

B. schmitti n.sp.—Rather strongly ventricose, polished, impunctate,

piceous-black throughout, the legs somewhat paler, the antennal club pale ;

pubescence rather abundant, pale in color, long, suberect and bristling. Head

large, wider than long, very much wider than the prothorax, the eyes rather

small but convex and prominent, at distinctly more than their own length

from the base, the tempora behind them very rapidly convergent and circularly

arcuate to the neck ; foveze only moderate in size, near basal third, pubescent,

widely separated, united by a rather narrow but deep, entire and semicircular

ambient sulcus, the enclosed surface strongly convex, perfectly smooth and

polished, with a short central carina ; supra-orbital carinze feeble ; surface ex-

terior and anterior to the sulcus flattened, horizontal and coarsely, densely

punctato-rugose, the frontal margin broadly and obtusely subangulate ; viewed

anteriorly, this margin is feebly double, the intervening concavity very slight

and obliterated at the middle, the lower edge thinner, more acute, briefly

porrect and feebly and minutely sinuate at each side of the middle ; clypeus

rather abbreviated, very broadly subtruncate, with an entire double edge at

apex, the middle point of the upper edge hearing an obliquely erect Jiguli-

form process arising just before the middle of the frontal edge ; excavation be-

tween the clypeus and front extremely deep, theclypeus sparsely studded with

short setz, the lower frontal edge bristling with longer sete directed down-

ward. Antenne slightly longer than the head and prothorax, stout, the club

very strong; basal joint extremely large, inflated and subcompressed beneath,

the flattened inner surface minutely and densely pubescent ; second joint

_ small, quadrate, attached to the outer side of the apex of the first at nearly

right angles with the axis, only slightly stouter and longer than the third ;

three to eight equal in width, closely joined, slightly transverse ; ninth shorter

and distinctly wider, strongly transverse ; tenth large and subglobose, as wide

as the eleventh, nearly as long as wide, almost its entire under surface occu-

pied by a very large and deep excavation, the inner slope of which has a large

and deeper perforation clothed with short radiating setz; eleventh about as

long as the three preceding combined, obliquely pointed at tip. Prothoraz rela-

tively small, scarcely as long as wide, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly,

moderately convergent and but feebly sinuate behind the middle ; marginal

hairs in the form of long stiff close-set and posteriorly arcuate sete; disk with

two large sublateral fovecee near the base, connected to the median and more

basal fovea by shallow arcuate sulci each before a stout spiniform process ;

lateral and median sulci very deep and almost entire ; intermediate carinz

strong but shorter, the lateral sulci turned outward near the apex, and here,

at each side of the middle, there is a small deep fovea. Elytra 24 longer and

fully +5 wider than the prothorax, not quite as long as wide, the sides moder-

ately divergent from the very large, prominent and obtusely angulate but not

Spinose humeral plicz to the apex and broadly arcuate; surface convex; three

582 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

basal foveze deep and perforate ; intra-humeral impression large, evanescent

slightly before the middle. Abdomen rather shorter and narrower than the

elytra, very convex, the basal carinz small and separated by less than 1g of

the discal width. Legs of the usual length, the femora only moderately in-

flated ; tarsi slender throughout. Length 1.75 mm. ; width 0.65 mm.

Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.).

This is one of the more interesting of the numerous important

discoveries of Mr. P. Jerome Schmitt, and is dedicated to him

with the liveliest appreciation of the continual increase in knowl-

edge of our microcoleoptera due to his skillful and patient re-

searches in the mountains of Pennsylvania, the treasures of which

are only beginning to be unfolded. The single example before

me is a male, with, however, no special secondary marks other

than those described, the last ventral and pygidium even, being

perfectly simple and unmodified. The species may be placed

near striatus in our lists.

ARIANOPS Bnudl.

The two species of this remarkable inquilinous genus before

me may be readily distinguished as follows :—

Pubescence dense; prothorax shorter than wide, more inflated anteriorly, and

much more than 14 as wide as the elytra, the latter distinctly longer than

the prothorax, with the sutural impression feeble throughout. 2 Penn-

Syl vale. Le Aaee seh owete cnctoemsnaenes nee mcetentnes sce amblyoponica Bndl.

Pubescence sparse, more erect and much longer; prothorax longer than wide,

‘less inflated anteriorly, and not more than 14 as wide as the elytra, the

latter not evidently longer than the prothorax, much shorter and more

transverse, with the sides more arcuate and divergent, the suture strongly

As far as known the genus is confined to the Appalachian

Mountain system, where it represents the European Amaurops.

A. plectrops.—Moderately slender, strongly convex, highly polished,

impunctate and uniform dark rufo-testaceous throughout, the hind body

elongate-oblong and moderately stout; pubescence long, suberect and somewhat:

sparse. Head longer than wide, about equal in width and length to the pro-

thorax, semicircularly rounded behind the erect, compressed triangular spicules.

representing the eyes, the spicules each continued forward in a fine carina at.

the lower margin of the antennal cavities to the base of the mandibles; upper

surface convex, with two deep nude fovez near basal fourth, separated by

about % of the maximum width, each at the posterior limit of a broad and

moderately deep sulcus, the two uniting anteriorly in a large gradually

declivous smooth and polished frontal depression between the antennal prom-

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 583

inences, which are large and somewhat roughly sculptured; front before the

depression more rapidly and subvertically declivous and strongly narrowed by

the antennal cavities to the very short and more porrect clypeus, which is very

broadly subparabolic at apex ; labrum transverse, broadly sinuate at tip and

bearing some stiff discal setze ; mandibles rather small, stout. Antenne about

as long as the head and prothorax, moderately slender, but slightly irregular,

the club 3-jointed; basal joint short and thick, but slightly longer than wide,

the apex above moderately emarginate for the reflexion of the funicle ; second

much narrower, elongate, rather longer and slightly thicker than the third;

two to seven gradually somewhat narrower and less roughly sculptured, all

longer than wide and subcylindric, the eighth narrowest of all, quadrate;

ninth and tenth subequal and nearly similar, moderately transverse, scarcely

as wide as the basal joint; eleventh much thicker, large, conoidal and gradu-

ally very acute to the tip, rather longer than the three preceding joints com-

bined. Prothorax slightly elongate, widest and evenly rounded at the sides

anteriorly, the sides gradually and moderately convergent posteriorly, becom-

ing only very feebly sinuate; surface evenly convex, with three large deep

nude and isolated fovez near the base, the lateral partially confluent with an-

other smaller fovea nearer the basal margin, the median flanked on either side

by a small and feebly prominent spinule and only slightly prolonged anteriorly

for a short distance in a rapidly evanescent impression; at the base in the mid-

dle there is a small elevated and more rugosely sculptured triangle, flanked by

single smaller fovez. lytra very short and transverse, as long as the pro-

thorax and nearly #4 wider, nearly 34 wider than long, the sides very strongly

divergent and strongly evenly arcuate, from the extreme base to the apex, the

surface strongly convex, not foveate at base but each with two feeble impres-

sions adjoining the elevated basal margin, the fine sutural strize lying ina

broadly impressed sutural region which becomes very deep toward tip; flanks

deep, without trace of post-humeral fovea but with a fine cariniform line

parallel to the margin in more than apical half; humeral plica or prominence

wholly wanting. Abdomen more than twice as long as the elytra from a ver-

tical viewpoint, and, at the middle, rather wider, the sides parallel and feebly

arcuate; border only visible on the basal segment, narrow, slightly oblique

and feeble; basal segment with three wide shallow basal impressions separated

by feebly cariniform elevations; second and third short and equal, the fourth

longer than the first three combined, very convex, becoming gradually vertical

at tip; fifth ventral short but longer than the third or fourth, the apical mar-

gin oblique at the sides, disappearing laterally under the third dorsal. Legs

long and well developed, the femora moderately swollen; tibize long, the pos-

terior calearate at tip. Prosternum before the coxe elongate and almost hori-

zontal. Length 2.8-3.0 mm.; width 0.8-0.85 mm.

North Carolina (Round Knob). Hubbard and Schwarz.

- The description applies to the male, the exserted cedeagus being

large and of remarkable form. In the female the head is more

distinctly wider than the prothorax, the latter about 4 as wide as

the elytra, the abdomen shorter with more arcuate sides, the first

584 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

dorsal much longer than the next two combined, the fourth but

little longer than the first; behind the fourth there is a short

dorsal part of the large exsertible sixth ventral, which dorsal part

may be completely hidden at times under the fourth dorsal ; be-

hind this again there is a short transverse pygidium. In the male

the dorsal pygidium is large, transversely oval, with two deep

perforate cavities on the median line, the lower the larger, and is

strongly exsertible, the sixth ventral very mobile but fixed at base,

fitting in a large circular emargination of the fifth, with its apex

broadly sinuate, the sinus cusped at the middle. The spiracle of

the large fourth dorsal is at the middle of the lateral edge and is

at the summit of a small oblique tubercle. The female of ambly-

_oponica in my cabinet, which I owe to the kindness of Mr. Schmitt,

is 2.85 X 0.88 mm. in size, so the measures of Dr. Brendel are prob-

ably somewhat too great, though the female is rather smaller than

the male, as in many Batrisi.

BrYAXINI.

DECARTHRON Bndl.

The following species is sufficiently common, even in Massa-

chusetts, but seems to have been unaccountably overlooked :—

D. laurenticum un. sp.—Black and polished throughout, the elytra

generally not paler, ventricose ; pubescence long, abundant, erect, bristling

and rather dark in color. Head nearly as wide as the prothorax, the eyes large

and prominent, the tempora short ; foveze distinct, separated by scarcely more

than 14 the entire width ; antennal prominences large. Antennzx black, stout,

bristling with long erect setz, scarcely longer than the head and prothorax ;

joints three to six subglobular and equal ; seventh and eighth a little wider

than the preceding, transverse and equal ; ninth nearly twice as wide as long.

Prothorax rather small, slightly wider than long, less than 14 as wide as the

elytra, widest a little behind the middle ; apex more than 14 the maximum

width ; median fovea small but deep and punctiform, the lateral wholly obso-

lete. Elytra short, fully 1, wider than long, the sides strongly divergent

from the base, broadly arcuate throughout; discal stria extending to apical

third. Abdomen as wide as the elytra and distinctly shorter, the first segment

broadly arcuate at tip, a little more than twice as wide as long ; carinz arcu-

ate, feebly divergent, extending beyond the middle of the segment. Legs

moderate, dark brownish-rufous in color throughout. Length 1.25 mm. ;

width 0.7 mm.

Canada (Ottawa—Mr. W. H. Harrington); Massachusetts

(Lowell—Mr. Blanchard).

Coleoptervlogical Notices, VII. 585

A small species, comparable only with abnorme, but differing in

its smaller size, shorter and black elytra, black antennz and

darker pubescence. The intermediate femora of the male are mod-

ified nearly as in that species, but the second antennal joint is

subglobular, wider than the first and wider than long, and not

narrower, cylindric, and fully as long as wide as it is in abnorme.

The description is taken from the male.

There are three examples before me from Los Angeles Co., Cal.

ifornia, which I cannot clearly separate from brendeli Csy. It is

possible that the females from Albuquerque, New Mexico, de-

seribed by Brendel under the name dzscolor, may belong to the

same species.

BRYAXIS Leach.

The following species belongs to the group containing foveata,

terebrata, intricata, and others having the second dorsal segment

indented in the male :—

B. arguta n. sp.—Rather strongly ventricose and convex, shining, subim-

punctate, the elytra very sparsely and obsoletely punctulate ; body and an-

tennee dark piceous, the elytra slightly, and legs and antenne distinctly, paler ;

pubescence moderately short, suabdecumbent and not at all dense. Head but

slightly narrower than the prothorax, the eyes large, strongly convex and

prominent, the tempora very short and convergent behind them ; three fovece

equaland normal. Antennz obviously longer than the head and prothorax,

moderately slender, the club gradually but rather rapidly formed ; first three

joints decreasing slightly in width, the first but little longer than wide ; sec-

ond cylindric, feebly elongate; three to eight equal in thickness ; third and

fifth not quite 14 longer than wide ; fourth, seventh and eighth as wide as

long ; sixth a little longer than wide ; ninth and tenth obtrapezoidal, increas-

ing, similar in form, slightly transverse. Prothorax minutely, feebly and

sparsely punctulate, nearly 1g wider than long, widest and rather prominently

rounded at the middle, the three spongiose fovez subequal and well developed.

Elytra almost % wider than long, twice as wide as the prothorax, the sides dis-

tinctly divergent from the base and broadly, evenly arcuate ; striz strong and

normai. Abdomen, from above, slightly narrower than the elytra and much

shorter, the carinz straight, divergent, about 44 as long as the segment and

separated by % of the entire width. JZegs normal, rather slender. Length

1.25-1.35 mm.; width 0.7-0.75 mm.

Michigan—Mr. J. Croissandeau ; Pennsylvania (Westmoreland

Co.)—Mr. Schmitt.

The male serving for this description has the apical margin of

the first dorsal only very feebly deflexed but emarginate in cir-

cular arc in median fifth or sixth, the sinus fully twice as wide as

586 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

deep; from the bottom of the sinus projects posteriorly in the

same plane a flat, gradually narrowing cluster of agglutinate seri-

ceous sete, extending slightly beyond the general apex of the

segment, its apex emarginate; second segment having a shallow

simple rounded indentation with ill-defined margins, occupying

rather less than median third and extending almost to the poste-

rior edge; the anterior margin of the indentation lies far under

the apex of the first, and, by longitudinal vision, seems to be re-

flexed as is usual in the species of this section. Remainder of the

abdomen simple, the last ventral very short. The female is a

little smaller and darker in color, with the elytra still shorter,

more divergent and straighter at the sides and less convex, the

_ abdominal carinee shorter and apparently less divergent.

REICHENBACHIA Leach.

The species aggregated below under this name form a perfectly .

natural and isolated division of the Bryaxini, which must conse-

quently have generic value. It is probable, moreover, that this

generic weight will prove constant throughout the geographic

range, and that the so-called connective bonds which have been

noted will form types of intermediate genera. Decarthron, Nisaxis

and Anchylarthron, of our own fauna, are instances of these.

The genus is very extensive within the boundaries of the United

States, and will prove troublesome on this account to the student.

In the following table all the known species are included, with

the exception of three, which will be alluded to below, and the

characters throughout are those of the male, except when the

other sex is specially designated. In the cases of tnepta, neva-

densis, complectens and subtilis, the female is the only sex known,

but, in the first of these, the distinguishing features are non-

sexual, and in the last two there are characters of taxonomic

value in the female antenne, which will be expressed in con-

junction with corresponding characters of the same sex in their

allies; the position of nevadensis will be more or less uncertain

until the male is discovered, although it undoubtedly belongs to

the division with aberrant male antenne.

Antenne unmodified in either sex; abdominal carinz very variable in degree

Antenne dissimilar in the sexes, the intermediate joints of the funicle being

modified in the male but normal in the female; abdominal carinz always

well separated; pubescence short and subdecumbent...................s00s0+. 20

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 587

Antenne dissimilar in the sexes but with the median joints of the funicle ab-

normal in both; pubescence short; abdominal carinze widely separated;

body ferruginous in color throughout...................sessecee eee eeeee eee eene ee eee 30

2—Abdominal carinze approximate and divergent, separated at base by a

transverse distance which never notably exceeds the maximum mutual

separation of the sutural striz measured across the suture (strial inter-

SPACE) Meee see ois ctr sata ec Sars roe eran ato anaes eid atte srprciae aBlodlaa aawlag agua nm amano se 3

Abdominal carinz less approximate, always separated at base by distinctly

more than the strial interspace, but never by more than 4 of the entire

ACO MMA Wa Obes fo bets duc bisepossaseacsecetncicemenieciomels soeeaaceb ete avesaenausades sess 8

Abdominal carinz separated by 14 of the entire abdominal width, or very

nearly; pubescence always short and strongly recurved...................... 14

2#—Pubescence short and strongly recurved; body frequently very small in

SIVAD, coocdaciagadon dacnoo badass HonodonooodaagabbduodoL ood cog saa CaDobasaddodsndocrdaduasddadoosTsbeD 4

Ponescencer Onsen. DLIShing andi SeMi-CLeCh ser taccaceclss. sss sccesece «dens deeees eee 7

4—Pronotum quite deeply and conspicuously punctate; abdominal carinz

long and separated at base by the strial interspace ...................esceceeeees 5

Pronotum inconspicuously punctate or subimpunctate .....................e sence eee 6

&—Prothorax strongly transverse and strongly rounded at the sides; body

brown in color with paler red elytra (canadensis Bndl.)...gemumaifer Lec.

G—Antennz moderate in length.

Elytra short and transverse, generally sparsely punctate and subrugose,

though polished, the sides strongly divergent from the base, with very

feebly developed or obsolete humeri; body dark red-brown or blackish

in color, the elytra generally not paler, the abdomen sometimes darker.

Abdominal carinz of the female separated at base by the full strial inter-

space; pronotum impunctate or very nearly so........... divergens Lec.

Abdominal carinz of the female extremely approximate, separated at base

by 1 the strial interspace; elytra more obsoletely sculptured, the pro-

notum sensibly punctulate (gemmifer Bndl. nec Lec. ).

Subsimilis n. sp.

Elytra with obvious humeri, longer, the sides less divergent; abdominal

carinz separated at base by fully the strial interspace, occasionally by

rather more. Middle Atlantic maritime regions.

Rufo-testaceous, the abdomen sometimes darker; pronotum almost wholly

devoid of any trace of punctuation, the median fovea very small.

congener Bndl.

Piceous-black when mature, with rufous elytra, but varying much in color

and frequently pale straw-yellow throughout from immaturity; pro-

notum quite distinctly punctulate, the median fovea distinct (divergens

IB yale 7eVetog DET) He seAi acer gnendiccocacacacacre ABBE ASe Dae aa BDAC REE ETnee facilis Csy.

Antenne unusually elongate and slender, almost as long as the head, pro-

thorax and elytra combined; abdominal carinze separated at base by much

less than the strial interspace..................ssseeseeees cylindrartus Bndl.

‘"7—Body red-brown in color, the elytra paler; abdominal carine unusually

long, separated at base by exactly the strial interspace.

atlantica Bndl.

88 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

S—Pronotum deeply cribrate and subopaque over its entire surface, the punec-

tures polygonally crowded; pubescence short; abdominal carinze mod-

erate in length, separated at tip by about 1< the entire width.

scabra Bndl.

Pronotum deeply and conspicuously punctate, the punctures not in actual

contact and the lustre alutaceous ; pubescence short ; abdominal carinz

nearly 14 as long as the segment, straight, divergent, separated at tip by

nearly 14 of the entire Width..............scscssceseesesoees cribricollis Bndl.

Pronotum never deeply punctate and at most with small, rather distant and

moderately Cistimeb PUNMCtUNES.:.-2 5... 2... -mecaoe- es! laie-eclsseeelesaeltete iain ie

9—Pubescence long, suberect and bristling ; abdominal carine rather long

and strongly marked ; elytra distinctly shorter than wide.................... 10

Pubescence shorter, strongly recurved or subappressed..............-.2seeseeeveeeee 11

10—Abdominal carinz fully 14 as long as the segment and separated by 14

the entire width or rather more.

The carine divergent and feebly arcuate. ..............-.+0.. rubicunda Aubé

The caring parallel, slightly everted toward tip.............. Kansana 0D. sp.

Abdominal carine straight or very nearly so, slightly less than 14 as long as

the segment, more or less divergent and separated at tip by 44 the entire

width or less; last ventral of the male much more deeply concave.

The carine distinctly divergent; prothorax relatively broader, more than 14

aSawidetas theveliytrayiss-.cse-cpeccssosr secs cscee eons ee eee eee gracilis Csy.

The carinz just visibly divergent and separated by but little more than

of the entire width; prothorax smaller and less transverse, about 14 as

wideasithe: eliybraww ie dcsaisevs sess se uents s-somesenecnoe Mose ne eeeeee ursina nt. sp.

i1i—Pubescence long and very coarse but strongly recurved; antennz rather

short and stout, with joints 8-10 distinctly transverse; abdominal

carine strong, 7 as long as the segment, perfectly straight, strongly di-

vergent, separated by about 4< of the entire width ; elytra much shorter

than wide, very coarsely but not densely punctate and rugose, polished ;

male with the last ventral moderate in length, broadly and feebly im-

pressed in the middle, the last dorsal strongly transverse, the apex 14 as

wide as the base and deeply sinuate with narrowly rounded angles.

semirugosa Bndl.

The pubescence only moderately short, notably coarse and strongly recurved;

abdominal carinz rather feeble, much less than 14 as long as the segment,

straight, parallel and separated by less than }¢ of the entire width; an-

tennze slender though not much exceeding the average in length; last

ventral of the male short and unimpressed, the last dorsal with a small

and deep semicircular notch which is limited by acute angles.

gracilicornis Csy.

The pubescence very short, inconspicuous and decumbent or strongly recurved;

abdominal carine variable in length and development but always diver-

gent; elytra never very roughly sculptured..............:.ssecesceceesessernceees 12

12—Abdominal carine straight, separated at tip by about 4 of the entire

width; body rather minute in size and pale in color........... inepta Csy.

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 589

Abdominal carine much more approximate, separated at tip by about ¥% of

the entire width or less; body larger; antennz moderate throughout.....13

13—Last ventral of the male large, broadly concave toward tip; eyes larger,

situated at much less than their own length from the base.

Terminal dorsal of the male very broadly truncate at tip, the truncature

feebly sinuate toward the middle, its surface strongly punctate; abdominal

carinz distinct. nearly straight, separated at tip by scarcely more than a

seventh of the entire Width..................-sececccecscceccerceoees insolita n. sp.

Terminal dorsal with the apex broadly rounded, scarcely more than 14 as

wide as the base, broadly rounded at the sides, broadly and very moder-

ately sinuate at tip, the surface feebly and sparsely punctulate; abdominal

carinz 1g as long as the segment, distinct, evenly arcuate and divergent

and separated at tip by fully 1% the total width............... sodalis n. sp.

Last ventral of the male moderately large, simply flattened, occasionally with

the plane slightly ascending toward tip; terminal dorsal with a broad and

decidedly deep sinus nearly in the form of a circular arc with more or

less narrowly rounded limiting angles; eyes smaller, at their own length

from the hase or nearly so.

Abdominal carine nearly 14 as long as the segment, distinct, strongly diver-

gent and straight.

Prothorax rather large, more than 14 as wide as the elytra.

fusciventris n. sp.

Prothorax moderate in size though unusually elongate, 14 as wide as the

elytra and much more distinetly punctulate...... peregrinator n. sp.

Abdominal carinz extremely short, fine and indistinct, straight and sepa-

rated by 1 of the entire width; prothorax shorter and more trans-

VIEL SO ris caieciac cutie sisaisawelsiele heals tis elie scieiea aide Moctias dedlardleveslelst Salsas sss furtiva Csy.

14— Intermediate tibiz of the male normal......................seeesedeesscecceceeeees 15

Intermediate tibize of the male strongly bent in are in about basal % of their

length, the arcuate part clothed externally with long erect hairs......... 19

15—Pronotum strongly and closely punctured, especially toward the central

parts of the disk; abdominal carine short but distinct, straight and

parallel ; body black with rufous elytra, legs and antenne.

puncticollis Lec.

Pronotum not conspicuously punctured though occasionally quite perceptibly

UNC HUaAbereetacscccisoawec mantaasigncsiscus ence scceisiecciesusesiasWacsseeatcuiesenssiannesase 16

16—Body black or piceous-black with bright red elytra, the hind body

strongly inflated, the elytra always fully twice as wide as the prothorax ;

abdominal carine feebly divergent ; last ventral of the male broadly con-

CABS con ngcnansbeosds090CA6 SabuC CoDnE ot boSaSefooéanend sonosebuObO DSSUdeoonEDO peabodeSabORSDIRCN 17

Body pale in color throughout, sometimes uniformly but occasionally with the

elytra still a little paler or more flavate.................0cscecece:seeeesceesenees 18

1'7—Last dorsal of the male having at apex a very broad, circularly rounded

sinus, which is 14 as wide as the base...................6 corporalis n. sp.

Last dorsal of the male with a much narrower and very feebly sinuate apical

truncature ; body much smaller: ..................-..-ceseses0o0e borealis n. sp.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. Sct., 1X, June, 1897.—39.

590 Coleopteroiogical Notices, VII.

18—Hind body normally ventricose, the elytra twice as wide as the prothorax.

Abdominal carinz 15 to 74 as long as the segment, distinct and divergent,

feebly so in demissa ; body small in size.

Last ventral of the male short, along the median line not much longer

than the three preceding combined, flat, the last dorsal short, narrowly

and extremely feebly sinuato-truncate atapex.............. demissa Csy.

Last ventral twice as long and broadly concave along the middle; last

dorsal longer, with less convergent sides, the apical truncature just

visibly sinuate and nearly 144 as wide as the base; elytra uniformly

JO eS BAme desc noncaeecans cnavdout pba hncsodecodohosadoduGrbdtondédaoadosce distams n. sp.

Last ventral with a longitudinal impression, the last dorsal truncate ;

elytral suture darker in color [Brendel ]................... litoralis Bndl.

Abdominal carinz extremely short and rather thick, scarcely more than ap-

pearing beyond the tips of the elytra, straight and parallel ; last ventral

of the male with a large rounded concavity, the last dorsal rather broadly

emarginate in circular arc, the sinus with well-defined though blunt limit-

TNO ANGLES So cae Sanick sninterce Se cleciecak acetnene ebee st asdsaclent sm aenaeeeeeteee inopia Csy.

Hind body relatively narrower, the elytra much less than twice as wide as the

prothorax and much shorter than wide; body elongate, uniform pale

piceous-brown in color throughoutand highly polished ; abdominal carinz

fine and feeble, scarcely 1g as long as the segment, straight and feebly

GUNTER SETI acon dedancooqnnsEgnsbonganasnonacansoDasnAandaSHanoodosnsoao5c procera 20. sp.

19—Abdominal carinz scarcely more than 4 as long as the segment, fine,

straight and parallel, separated by 1g of the width of the segmental disk,

but by noticeably less than 4 of the entire width ; size rather large.

arcifer n. sp.

20--Posterior tibiz simple and uncompressed in the male........................ 21

Posterior tibize of the male dilated and compressed in about apical half, the

dilated part longitudinally excavated on the compressed surface.......... 27

234—Second antennal joint dilated and otherwise modified in the male, the

front also abnormal in one or both SeXES................esceeeneeeeeeseeescnseeees 22

Second antennal joint not abnormally dilated in the male.................. 23

22—Front not trilobed, having in both sexes, in place of the usual large single

fovea, two minute nude fovez separated by a longitudinal, feebly tumid,

strongly and densely punctate area, which descends gradually upon the

clypeus, becoming more prominent and hairy.

Enlarged second joint flat or feebly convex on its under surface throughout

TESYORBEUE eo ree erate ebcs eter ent «te nceneereide erate eae aaeee ee deformata Lec.

Enlarged second joint deeply excavated beneath, the apical transverse

margin of the excavation acutely cariniform ; body much smaller (de-

formata Csy. et Bndl. nec Lee. ).............-.:-2seeeeeeeeeee taphrecera nt. sp.

Front trilobed by two small deep emarginations, at least in the male ; female

not examined “[/Brendell|sts.:.-corec-ceeeses-eenececenere depressifrons Bndl.

23—-Head with but two fovez, probably in both sexes, the frontal fovea want-

ing and replaced in the male of compar by a large transversely oval punctu-

late and pubescent area on the subvertical wall of the truncate front, and,

in the male of fundata, by two setiferous tubercles in the same position ;

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 591

front truncate, probably in both sexes ; antennal funicle feebly modified

AMIEL MIM AS Meek eonese wate cee cadcnes oreace seus dauetectnsastuceececsovenssestaleesiachiesseuss 24

Head in the male with the usual two vertexal fovex, the frontal fovea replaced

by a large, rounded, feebly depressed and densely punctate area on the

feebly sloping upper surface of the front ; antennal funicle very strongly

HIT OME UUTI GN CIM ALCS vc stectens ane esaestwieties eects sinaioe Unie cile soamertaomanieamaneatesns 25

Head in the male with the usual three fovez at the apices of a nearly equila-

teral triangle, the frontal, however, frequently larger than the others...26

24—Basal joint of the male antenna normal and cylindroidal ; funicle but

slightly modified ; male with the front transversely truncate ; female not

examumeds (jnanciscana OSya)): sssss.c-sdeseasceccss=eckescecne-eu ens compar Lec.

Basal joint of the male antenna large, subtriangular and irregular; funicle feebly

modified ; truncate front in the male feebly produced and subbilobed at

the niiddle, excavated transversely beneath ; female with the front decliv-

ous and unmodified but without trace of frontal fovea (albionica Bndl.

nec Motsch.—Ent. News, V, p. 195)......... c.ssccssececereeeees fundata Csy.

25—Male antennal joints 5-7 greatly dilated, successively more strongly, the

SAVONTI OY HONS) WAUCIESHES 5 Sroseandoqoocoobosco Deno s0qdOU CUE HOBUBOEOEABO Aiberes fallin. sp.

Male antennal joints 5-7 strongly dilated and subequal in width, the sixth,

much shorter than the fifth or seventh................ turgidicornis n. sp.

26— Abdominal carinz long and distinct, more or less divergent, sometimes

nearly 14 as long as the segment ; frontal parts of the head subimpunctate.

Antennal funicle very conspicuously modified in the male.

Male antenne with the basal joint oval, minutely rugose on the convex

lower surface ; second smaller, cylindric ; third slightly wider, obtrape-

zoidal ; 4—7 dilated and transverse, successively less strongly, the fourth

widest ; front subprolonged and angulate, the frontal fovea small and

nude but situated at the bottom of a very large depression.

tumorosa Csy.

Male antennz with joints 1-4 normal ; 5-8 more or less strongly dilated

and transverse ; seventh slightly wider and shorter than either of the

two preceding ; eighth narrower ; three cephalic foveze normal, equal,

cincmlanandispongioses.ccscesce-ceenceeeseeseaseeus cose tumidicornis Csy.

Male antennz with the basal joint somewhat swollen, the convex under

surface not rugose ; 2-3 normal ; 4 large, transverse and strongly dilated,

concave beneath ; 5-8 subequal, not much modified ; club large and

very elongate, the eleventh joint long and obliquely conoidal ; frontal

fovea pubescent but situated in a large concavity, the frontal margin

subangulate between the antenne.................sssscecerecesrees Sagax Lec.

Male antennze with joints 1-4 normal; 5 slightly elongate, not dilated; 6

very large, triangular, longer than wide, compressed, the remainder but

SUNNY TAO WUNBIE EL oo cooadancsosonosoncodooosccooneeacuogonoSobe arthritica Bndl.

Antennal funicle only slightly modified in the male ; joints 5-7 just visibly

incrassate ; fifth longer than wide, the next two somewhat wider than

long ; cephalic foveze equal, moderate in size, spongiose and perfectly

TL OTSA ca ences os aki a ercerene ote aera etarse te eeiseataT eis otel sitalas sstlsie cine ss informis Csy.

Abdominal carine very short, scarcely 4 as long as the segment, acuminate,

592 Coleopterological Notices, VII.

parallel ; frontal parts of the head conspicuously punctulate, the frontal

fovea situated within a transverse depression ; females only known.

nevadensis Csy.

2%—The male tibie strongly dilated and spatuliform toward tip............... 28

The male tibiz very feebly and gradually dilated in rather more than apical

Half. cccocsseosesaeueveesacesteesscineeces sonteninadeesecesnene deesehteeh Soe ee eee eee ease 29

28—Male antennz with the joints immediately succeeding the sixth decidedly

narrowed, the fifth and sixth relatively much dilated.

Joints beyond the fifth obstrapezoidal and almost bilaterally symmetric.

Sixth joint fully as wide as the fifth.....................0068 -albionica Mots.

Sixth joint distinctly narrower than the fifth.............. binodifer n. sp.

Joints beyond the fifth oblique, short and strongly pointed within.

articularis 2. sp.

Male antennz with the joints beyond the sixth scarcely narrower ; hind tibiz

more feebly bent.

Body larger, the hind body more inflated, piceous-black, with bright red

elytra: eCalitornia tse See6 ook ee Lec easaaeaee eaeeteeoeee fusticornis n. sp.

Body smaller and narrower, genera!ly dark piceous throughout. Ontario.

spatulifer n. sp.

29—Male antennz with the fifth joint rather strongly dilated, the sixth less

so and more pointed within, both transverse. Massachusetts and Michi-

Fe eRe aR SEER MEOH be Beas petnoee: Goacsmenun nace mo ccadabacociRosscccos propinqua Lec.

Male antenne with the fifth and sixth joints ‘‘a little thicker than the fourth,

slightly longer than wide.’? New York [Brendel]...........polita Bndl.

30—Fifth joint of the female antennz much shorter than the next two com-

bined.

The fifth and sixth joints, from a lateral viewpoint, distinctly thicker than

the fourth ; body larger and stouter...............0..0058 complectens Lec.

The fifth and sixth joints subequal in width to the fourth ; elytra relatively

a little shorter and more transverse ................sscsceeeeeseeer tumiida Lec.

Fifth joint of the female antenne as long as the next two combined.

Female with the fifth antennal joint slightly swollen ; cephalic fovez fully

visible from above, forming a triangle which is wider than long.

wickhami Bndl.

Female with the fifth joint not swollen, the anterior fovea on the obliquely

sloping surface of the front and not fully visible from above, the three

forming an equilateral triangle ; body smaller................. subtilis Lec.

The three species not included in the table are radians and éri-

gona of LeConte, and bicolor of Brendel. The first two are not

adequately described, the few words attached to the names by the

author being barely sufficient to establish their status as published

species. In regard to the former, it is more than possible that the

elongate median elevation in the broad concavity of the last two

ventrals, alluded to by the anthor, may simply be adherent for-

eign matter; if not, it is a character altogether unique in the

Coleopterological Notices, VII. 593

genus; the body is said to be 1.5 mm. in length, ferruginous, with

long abdominal lines proceeding from a small rounded fovea, and

the species is from Illinois. Trigona is larger, 1.8 mm. in

length, ferruginous, with approximate and diverging abdominal

lines proceeding from a triangular tubercle, the last ventral of the

male having a deep and sharply defined but not large oval fovea ;

it is from Missouri. Both of these species may be placed, for

convenience, near divergens, but it is impossible to state anything

definite about them in the absence of the types. Bicolor seems

to bea remarkably aberrant species in its short and stout antenne,

with the eighth joint three times as wide as long and the next

two transverse, in its small and non-prominent eyes, very con-

Spicuous median fovea of the pronotum, and in the peculiar color-

ation and habits; its position among the other members of the

genus is altogether uncertain, and it may be placed at the end of

the series as generically doubtful.

The identity of canadensis with gemmifer is a surmise, and

may prove to be incorrect. Dr. Brendel was in error, however,

in attributing short abdominal carine to gemmifer, and the spe-

cies identified by him under that name is probably that which is

named subsimilis in the table; gemmifer has long abdominal

lines, a transverse, deeply punctate prothorax, strongly rounded

at the sides, and seems to agree in all characters of the descrip-

tion with canadensis. My previous reference of canadensis to

divergens was an inadvertence, as the prothorax in the latter is

virtually impunctate and smooth, and my allusion to the prothorax

as sparsely punctate (Col. Not. V, p. 482) was an error due to

confusing that species with subs¢milis. Litoralis Budl., which I

previously regarded as identical with inopia, is apparently differ-

ent, the abdominal carine as described being much longer. The

small, uniformly pale, ferruginous species, of which this is one,

are somewhat abundant ; the four already known are demissa, dis-

tans, litoralis and inopia.

Of congener I have one example which is labeled ‘Illinois,”

but this is possibly an error. The characters of semitrugosa are

taken from the male type kindly communicated by Mr. Schmitt.

Feregrinator is the species referred to by me formerly (I. ¢.) as

cribricollis; I have since obtained the true cribricollis, which

is quite a different thing and more western in habitat. Minuta

Bndl., is synonymous with Nisaxis tomentosa, as I learned some

594 Coleopterological Notices, VLI.

time since by letter from the author. No allusion to the form of

the hind tibiz in polita Bndl.,is made in the original descrip-

tion, and I can only guess at its affinities as stated in the table;

it quite possibly does not differ from propinqua.

The last four species of the table have been previously defined

at greater length (1. c., p. 486), but the figures on the plate there

presented are not exactly correct, there being no such difference

in the relative proportion of the third and fourth joints of the

antennee of complectens and tumida,and the median joints in the

female of tuwmida, as figured, are too much swollen. These two

Species are very much alike in the female, but probably diverge