CONTENTS.

PART

(Published July 8th, 1912).

PAGE

Eine neue Ozobranchus-Art aus China (Oz. jantseanus n. sp.)

Norm DIE ATRO OLA TE tet oie ee ou. er, L ae I

Observations and experiments on the Ctenophore egg. II.

Experiments on germinal localization of the egg of Beroö

CUZIA BY NAOTIDESVATSU De 25 NT ae ee ws .. 5

Die Cicadinen Japans. II. Von Prof. S. MATSUMURA... .. .. 15

On the system of Phyllophorinz with descriptions of the species

found in Japan. (With Plate I and 7 textfigures). By

RR OSHMONSHIMA Se ature ls.) en et ol Rt ie? 53

On Japanese freshwater Cyclopidae with descriptions of two new

species and one new subspecies. (With Pl. II). By SEIJI

ORE Onn eee RITA tti eal zen OT

Die Dermiten, Japans: «Ven Nits HOLMGREN., ..2 ) 24, 2... 107

A hand-list of Formosan birds. By SEINOSUKE UCHIDA .. .. 137

PART II.

(Published July sth, 1913).

Notes on the spermatogenesis of the wild and the domesticated

silkworms:, (ByXNAGHIDE VATSU. a4 =. 2.) 2 25 «+, 215

On a new stalked Crinoid from the Sagami Sea (Phrynocrinus

ODIOLEUS) aay EE NENISUMOTO nn i lanl 221

Preliminary notice of a new interesting Ophiuran (Astrophiura

kawamurai). With Plate III. By H. MATSUMOTO .. .. 225

A revision of the Mantispidae of Japan. By WARO NAKAHARA, 229

CONTENTS.

A new fresh-water Nemertine from Japan (Stichostemma gran-

dis). With Plate IV. By DR. IWAJI IKEDA

On a new species of Chloromyxum from the gall-bladder of the

Catp, „By I. Rojlmae

A hand-list of Japanese and Formosan mammals. By B. AOKI.

A catalogue of hermit-crabs found in Japan (Paguridea exclud-

ing Lithodidae), with descriptions of four new species. By

ARATA TERAO

PARTS III and IV.

(Published June roth, 1914).

Die Cixiinen Japans. Von S. MATSUMURA

On four polycystid gregarines from the intestine of 7Z7zbolum

ferruginewn F. By S. ISHII

Notizen über japanische Ascidien, I. Von A. OKA

Uber eine neue Art von Trichostrongylus aus dem Darme des

Menschen in Japan (Trichostrongylus orientalis n. sp.).

Hierzu Taf. V. Von K. JIMBO.. |

The Synaptidæ of Japan. By H. OHSHIMA ..

Note on a new termitophilous coleoptera found in Formosa

(Ziaelas formosanus). With Plate VI. By S. HOZAWA. ..

On the Osmylinæ of Japan. By W. NAKAHARA

On a new epicaridan isopod (Athelges takanoshimensis sp. nov.)

from Eupagurus samuclis Stimp. With Plate VII. By S.

ISHII

Notes on Japanese protozoa with figures and description of new

and rare species. With Plate VIII. By C. H. EDMOND-

SON and R. H. KINGMAN ..

355

393

435

443

459

467

483

489

519

531

CONTENTS. 3

PART) V.

(Published Dec. 25th, 1914).

On the development of some Japanese echinoderms. By Dr.

TREE VLORCREINGEINE ee i fic a et se a 2e tee 549

Notes on a collection of termites from the East Indian Archipel-

RO bye Vi OSHINIAG 2 li ee ash ee, he ni 5s3_

Notes on the Japanese Myopsida. By MADOKA SASAKI... .. 587.

Be | NEA n :

Mia, ts

vo:

da + MPA TAG

= Asam Ch ey:

ta] n

]

= a

Ree DFE

cW__- À 2 À ©

Se oA HEC TR + M HM

ANNOTATIONES

ZOOLOGICA JAPONENSES.

Vole Vill Parti.

PUBLISHED

The Tokyo Zoological Society.

| TOKYO,

July, 1912.

CONTENTS.

(Published July 8th, 1912),

Eine neue Ozobranchus-Art aus China (Oz. jantseanus n. sp.)

Von Dr. ASAJIRO OKA ..

PAGE

Observations and Experiments on “the Ctenophore Egg. II

Experiments on Germinal Localization of the Egg of Beroé

ovata.

By NAOHIDE YATSU

Die Cicadinen Japans. Ii.

Von Prof. S. MATSUMURA

On the system of Phyllophorinz with descriptions of the species

found in Japan. (With Plate I and 7 textfigures).

By HIROSHI OHSHIMA

On Japanese freshwater Cyclopidae with descriptions of two new

species and one new subspecies. (With PI. II)

By SEIJI KOKUBO ..

Die Termiten Japans.

Von NILS HOLMGREN

A Hand-List of Formosan Birds. .

By SEINOSUKE UCHIDA..

107

137

Fine neue Ozobranchus-Art aus China.

(Oz. jantseänus n. sp.)

Von

Dr. Asajiro Oka, Tokio. : ;

Unter dem Hirudineen-Material, das ich vor einiger Zeit aus

China erhalten habe, befindet sich ein kleiner, der Gattung Ozobranchus

zugehöriger Fischegel, welcher bei Wutschang anf einer Flussschild-

kròte schmarotzend gefunden wurde. Derselbe stellt eine neue, bisher

unbeschriebene Spezies dar und ist deswegen besonders interessant,

dass er durch die Zahl und Lage der Kiemenanhänge gewisse

Ähnlichkeit mit dem Genus Branchellion aufweist. Auch der Um-

stand, dass er im Süsswasser erbeutet wurde, ist beachtenswert, da

die Gattung Ozobranchus sonst auf das Meer beschränkt ist.

Das einzige mir vorliegende Exemplar ist 9 mm lang und an der

breitesten Stelle des Rumpfes 2 mm breit, die seitlichen Kiemenan-

hänge nicht einbegriffen. Wie schon ein Blick auf die nebenstehende

Figur zur Genüge zeigt, stimmt die neue Art in äusserer Gestalt mit

den japanischen Stücken von Oz. branchiatus, die ich in einer früheren

Arbeit” beschrieben habe, ziemlich genau überein, bis auf die Kiemen-

anhänge, welche die Unterscheidungsmerkmale abgeben. Unser

Tierchen ist nämlich mit 11 Paar solcher Gebilde ausgestattet, wäh-

rend die Vergleichsart deren nur 7 Paar besitzt. Auch die Grössen-

verhältnisse der Kiemen sind bei beiden Formen nicht die gleichen.

Im Gegensatz zu Oz. branchiatus, bei welchem die Branchien nach

hinten zu allmählich an Grösse abnehmen, sind diese bei der neuen

1) A. Oka, Description d’une espéce d’ Ozobranchus, Zoological Magazine, Vol. VII,

No. 75. 1895.

A. OKA:

IS)

Form alle gleichmässig entwickelt und bilden zusammen einen echten

Fransensaum an beiden Seiten des Körpers.

Am vordern, den Kopf und Hals

umfassenden Körperteil zählt man 18

Ringe, wovon die 3 ersten auf der Bauch-

seite den Mundsaugnapf bilden. Die ü-

brigen Ringe sind unter sich ziemlich gleich.

Die Augen, in ı Paar vorhanden, haben

ihre Lage am vordern Rand des zweiten

Ringes seitlich der Medianlinie. Eine

scharfe Grenze zwischen dem Kopf und

dem Hals lässt sich äusserlich nicht er-

kennen. An der Basis des Halses, wo er

in den Rumpf übergeht, befinden sich auf

der Ventralseite die Geschlechtsöffnungen,

die männliche und die weibliche um einen

Ozobranchus jantseanus, kleinen Bruchteil einer Ringelbreite von

eB ales einander entfernt.

Der Rumpf setzt sich aus 27 Ringen

zusammen. Diese sind aber nicht gleich gross, sondern treten haupt-

sächlich in zwei verschiedenen Grössen auf und zwar in der Weise

angeordnet, dass breitere und schmalere Ringe meistens abwechseln.

Man beobachtet nämlich 11 breite und 11 schmale Ringe, die re-

gelmässig alternieren, dann folgen 5 andre, die nach dem hintern

Saugnapf zu immer an Grösss abnehmen. Von der Bauchseite ge-

sehen, ist jeder der breiteren Ringe mit dem darauf folgenden schmalen

Ringe mehr oder weniger vollkommen verschmolzen, so dass hier die

Gesamtzahl der Ringe bedeutend kleiner ausfällt als auf der Dorsal-

seite. Der hintere Saugnapf ist halbkugelförmig und wie gestielt, weil

der Körper unmittelbar vor demselben stark verjüngt ist; sein Durch-

messer kommt der Rumpfbreite fast gleich.

Die 11 breiten Ringe des Rumpfes tragen an beiden Seitenrändern

EINE NEUE OZOBRANCHUS-ART AUS CHINA. 3

je einen Kiemenanhang. Dieser zeigt genau denselben Bau wie die

entsprechenden Gebilde von Oz. branchiatus ; er besteht aus einem

Basalstiick und zwei, allerdings ganz kurzen Asten, die sich wiederum

in je 4 bis 7 Kiemenfaden zerspalten. Sie sind alle gleichmiissig

entwickelt, indem die vordersten im Vergleich mit den hintersten

kaum an Grösse zuriickstehen. Dies fiel mir besonders auf, da bei

zahlreichen Exemplaren von Oz. brancluatus, die ich neulich in der

Sagami-See gesammelt habe, die Kiemenanhänge von vorn nach

hinten so merklich an Grösse abnehmen, dass die des letzten (7.)

Paares fast als rudimentär zu bezeichnen sind. Die neue Art stellt

demgemäss eine Übergangsform zu dem Genus Dranchellion dar,

welches ebenfalls mit gleichmässig ausgebildeten Kiemenanhängen

ausgestattet ist. Merkwürdigerweise ist die Zahl der kiementragenden

Rumpfsomiten bei beiden Formen die gleiche, indem sie sowohl bei

Branchellion wie such bei unserm Tier 11 beträgt. Diese 11 Somiten

lassen sich bei allen Ichthyobdelliden auch an einer Reihe andrer

anatomischer Merkmale gut charakterisieren und sind meines Erachtens

als eine besondere Körperregion aufzufassen. In diesem Zusammen-

hange möchte ich noch erwähnen, dass bei Ozodranchus jeder der

breiten Ringe des Rumpfes dem 1. und 2. Ring eines ursprünglich

3-ringeligen Neurosomites entspricht, wie es bereits J. PERCY MOORE?”

mit Recht hervorhob, und dass die Kiemenanhänge dem zweiten, das

Nervenganglion enthaltenden Ringe des betreffenden Somites zuge-

hören.

Das Exemplar, welches der vorliegenden Mitteilung zugrunde

liegt, wurde von meinem Schuler und Freund, Herrn K. Usui in

Wutschang, der dort an einer chinesichen Hochschule als Lehrer

angestellt war, in der Nähe der genannten Stadt erbeutet. Die

Schildkröte (eine Clemmys-Art nach Usui’s Angabe), an deren Kopf

nahe dem Auge unser Wurm befestigt war, wurde auch aufgehoben

2) J. Percy Moore, Note on Oka’s biannulate Leech, Zool. Anz. Bd. XXIII. No.

623. 1900,

4 A. OKA: EINE NEUE OZOBRANCHUS-ART AUS CHINA,

und befand sich bis vor kurzem in seiner Sammlung, ist aber wegen

der inzwischen ausgebrochenen Unruhen nicht mehr zu erhalten. |

Mit Auffindung der oben geschilderten Spezies ist die Zahl der

bekannten Osodranchus-Arten auf 3 gestiegen. Diese lassen sich

folgendermassen unterscheiden :

a. Rumpf mit 5 Paar Kiemenanhängen (Mittelmeer) WE

Ozobranchus margoi (Apathy).

b. Rumpf mit 7 Paar Kiemenanhängen (Pazifik) .. .. ..

| Oz. branchiatus (Menzies).

c. Rumpf mit 11 Paar Kiemenanhingen (Jantsekiang). .

Oz. jantseanus n. sp.

Tokio, den 16. Nov. 1911.

Observations and Experiments on the

Ctenophore Egg.

III Experiments on Germinal Localization of

the Egg of Beroé ovata.

Naohide Yatsu.

CHUN’S isolation experiments on the egg of Eucharis multicornis

carried on in the summer of 1877 and described fifteen years later

(92 p. 104) had given DRIESCH and MORGAN (’95) an impetus to

study more fully the development of isolated blastomeres and egg-

fragments of Beroë ovata. Their study was followed by FISCHEL’S

clear analytical investigation on the germinal localization of the same

animal (97, ‘98 and ’03). ZIEGLER (’98) incidentally carried on

similar experiments while studying the mode of cleavage of the Beroé

egg after operation. These works, it seemed to me, were so satis-

factorily carried out that we do not need any further experiment

along this line of study. Yet when I repeated at Naples the investi-

gations of the above authors in somewhat extensive ways, some new

data were obtained, which embody the present paper.

Of many eggs operated upon in forty different ways 216 reached

two-day embryos,’ at which time they were examined and sketched.

The numbers of comb-plates were recorded in each case for the pur-

pose of future comparison. Instead of giving the results of individual

series of experiments I shall only describe those which will serve as

a supplement to FISCHEL’S thoroughgoing investigations.

1 Incidentally it may be of interest to note that in two-day embryos there is no

co-ordination in the movement of comb-plates, each performing its flickering motion of its

own rhythm.

6 N. YATSU: OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS

1. Removal experiments performed prior to

the formation of the polocytes.

A portion of cytoplasm was cut off before the polocytes were

formed ; most eggs were operated before fertilization: some may have

been cut after it. It was extremely difficult to determine the exact

moment of fertilization. Moreover at this time there is no landmark

to orient section planes ; the record was necessarily incomplete.

Of thirteen cases eleven had eight rows of comb-plates, while

two had seven rows (Fig. 1). In two cases the number of comb-plates

was smaller than in the normal embryos. In one case one of the

entodermal pockets was short; in another two of them were short

(Fig. 2). Excepting these defective cases all the rest were normal.

Judging from the size of resulting embryos a considerable amount of

cytoplasm must have been cut off in some cases, yet those produced

from such pieces were quite normal. This taken with the fact that

sectioning were performed at random, it may not be amiss to infer

that the germinal stuffs for the future comb-plates and for the entodermal

pockets have not yet been well localized.

For the sake of comparison some eggs were cut in two between

the formation of the polocytes and the beginning of the first eleavage.

Of ten eggs thus operated upon three were perfect, all the others

being more or less defective, as FISCHEL has found out (’03).

The above two series of experiments will show that there is a

decided advance in the specification of germ-regions after the formation

of the polocytes.

DRIESCH and MORGAN (’95 pp. 217-219) describe sixteen

embryos resulting frow the removal of a certain amount of cytoplasm

from the egg from three to four hours prior to the first cleavage.

But since the exact time of operation in relation to both fertilization

and polocyte formation has not been recorded, their results cannot

directly be utilized for the question under consideration.

ON THE CTENOPHORE EGG ,

Peon

UDG

Un,

œæ 1111;

Figs. 1-6 x60,

Fig. 1, embryo with seven comb-rows developed from an egg operated

before the formation of the polocytes; Fig. 2, embryo with eight comb-rows

and two shorter entoderm sacs resulted from the same operation as Fig. 1;

Fig. 3, normal small sized embryo from the same operation; Figs. 5 and 6,

twin embryos developed from an egg operated as in Fig. 4.

8 N. YATSU: OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS

2. Twin embryos.

It is interesting to note that from an egg which was cut in two

along the equatorial plane before the beginning of the first cleavage

developed two embryos (Figs. 4, 5 and 6). Unfortunately I did not

record which fragment had the polocytes, two being reared in one

salt-celler. But judging from the number of comb-rows, it is almost

certain that the embryo represented in Fig. 5 is from the micro-

meric half.

The egg must have been fertilized more than one spermatozoon, one

of the embryos being merogonic. At any rate the points of interest

regarding these twin embryos lie in the fact that both of them had

a well developed apical sense organ, stomodacum and two entoderm

sacs. From this it may be concluded that the basis-of the sense

organ is not restricted to one hemisphere.

3. Formation of comb-rows in the end cells

and middle-cell.

To determine whether the end-cells and middle-cells behave in

the same way in respect to the capacity of forming of comb-rows, the

following series of experiments were made.

At the 8-cell stage one end-cell was separated (Fig. 7) from other

blastomeres and was allowed to develop. Twelve embryos were ob-

tained. All of them had one row of comb-plates and no stomodaeum

(Figs. 8, 9).

From two end-cells (Fig. 10) I had embryos with two rows of

comb-plates and without the stomodaeum (Fig. 11) (six cases).

Two middle-cells were cut out at the 8-cell stage (Fig. 14). The

resulting embryos (five cases) showed a great deal of variations. In

one of them two comb-rows were formed (Fig. 15) as we might

anticipate. In another embryo a very small group of comb-plates

was developed. In three no comb-rows were formed at all. One of

ON THE CTENOPHORE EGG 9

them is represented in Fig. 16. This strikingly resembles embryos

developed from two end-cells of the 16-cell stage deprived of the

first micromeres (Figs. 12, 13).

In comparing the above results it may be concluded that in the

middle-cell the development of comb-plates is arrested in some cases.

The difference in behavior between the end- and middle-cells can

hardly be due to that of the degree of injury, if any, received at the

AD (3

ype ab 4

Figs. 7-16. x60;

bigs. 8 and 9, embryos from E (Fig. 7); Fig. 11, embryos from 20

(Fig. 10); Fig. 13, embryo from 2E—2e, (Fig. 12); Fig. 13, embryo with ty

comb-rows developed from 2M (Fig. 14); Fig. 16 combless embyro from 2M.

IO N. YATSU: OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS

operation, but rather to that of the initial organization or some other

physiological conditions. It may be interesting to add that the

stomodaeum fails to develop in all the cases of the above isolation

experiment, namely E, 2E and 2M.' The sense organ may be formed

(tesori 75):

4. Variation in the formation of the

comb-rows.

It cannot de doubted that each blastomere of the 8-cell stage

contains the basis for one comb-rows in it as has been ascertained by

FISCHEL (97 p. 122). I tried several series of experiments and the

results agree in almost all cases with his, but exceptionally I met

with the cases in which the number of comb-rows was greater or less

than that of the original blastomeres.

The embryos developed from two middle-cells have just been

described in the last section. 1E+2M gave rise to larvae with two

comb-rows (six cases) (ligs. 19, 21). Fig. 20 is an embryo with

three comb-rows from such combination of blastomeres. 2E+1ıM

yielded larvae with two comb-rows (one case) (Figs. 17, 18) and four

rows (four cases). 3E+2M should give rise five-rowed larvae, but I

have three cases with six rows (Figs. 24, 25). From 2E+3M resulted

four-rowed embryo (one case) (Fig. 22, 23).

In the above exceptional cases one at once notices that the number

of the resulting comb-rows is usually smaller than that of the blasto-

meres. This may well be explained as the arrested development, but

how the resulting embryo has more comb-rows than it might be

expected from the number of the original blastomeres is very difficult

to interpect. The latter cases may be due to unequal distribution of

the ctenoplasm among the blastomeres.

1 E=end-cell, M=middle-cell.

ON THE CTENOPHORE EGG

i Ceno

Figs. 17-25. x60.

Fig. 18, embryo from 2E+1M (Fig. 17); Figs. 20, 21 embryos jfrom

2E+2M; Fig. 23 embryo from 2E+3M (Fig. 22); Fig. 25 embryo from

3E+2M (Fig. 34).

12 N. YATSU: OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS

5. Development of the first quartet cell in

isolated fragments.

FISCHEL’S conclusion that the entire ctenoplasm is located in the

first quartet cells (97 p. 122), was tested in various ways and that

was found to hold in almost all cases, e. g., 2E +e+M+m;, produced

an embryo with two comb-rows and 3M+3m+e, that with four rows

In some cases, however, the first quartet cells deprived of the asabl

blastomeres scem to fail to develop comb-plates altogether as is seen

from the following experiments :

2E+2M+4e,+4m, should produce eight-rowed embryo but this

gave rise to an embryo with six rows of comb-plates. 5E+2M+4e,

+4m; also yielded an embryo with six rows ; 4E +4e, +4m, , six rowed

embryo.

6. Summary.

1. Germinal localization becomes more definite after the formation

of the polocytes.

2. Each of twin embryos produced from an egg by an equatorial

section before the first cleavage may possess the apical sense organ.

3. Since some of the blastomeres of the 8-cell stage or, more pre-

cisely speaking, those of the first quartet fail in some cases to develope

comb-rows, the importance of correlative differentiation should not be

overlooked in the development of the ctenophore egg.

4. Very rarely the distribution of the ctenoplasm among the

blastomeres of the 8-cell stage may vary so that the number of comb-

rows in resulting embryos exceeds that of the initial blastomeres.

Zoological Institute, Tokyo Imp. Univ.

October 28, I9II,

I Here E and M indicate the basal cells after the first quartet being given off.

ON THE CTENOPHORE EGG 13

Literature.

CHUN, C., ’92.—-Die Dissogonie, eine neue Form der geschlechtlichen

Zeugung: Festschrift zum siebenzigsten Geburtstage Rudorf

Leuckarts.

DRIESCH, H. und MorGAN, T. H., ’95.—Zur Analysis der ersten

Entwickelungstadien des Ctenophoreneies. I. Von der Ent-

wickelung einzelner Ctenophorenblastomeren. II. Von der

Entwickelung ungefurchter Eier mit Protoplasmadefekten :

ENE 1 IO, ZB

FISCHEL, A., ’97.—Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Ctenophorenei.

I Von der Entwickelung isolirter Eitheile: Arch. f. Entm. 6.

FISCHEL, A., ’98.—Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Ctenophorenei.

II. Von der künstlichen Erzeugung (Halber) Doppel- und

Missbildungen. II. Uber Regulationen der Entwickelung.

IV. Uber den Entwickelungsgang und die Organisationsstufe

des Ctenophoreneies: Auch. f. Entm. 7.

FISCHEL, A., ’03.—Entwickelung und Organdifferenzierung: Arch. f.

Entm. 15.

ZIEGLER, H. E., ’98.— Experimentelle Studien über die Zelltheilung.

IH Die Furchungszellen von Beroé ovata: Arch. f. Entm. 7.

A A ar DEE Mrs’

Me ME en gs "ON wor us FT

LDC HONTE TT AMIE RATE eet

‘ota Fi pure a

à i

Sad et 0 LUN E

L ; may ST

| 2 led ct

u‘

Îi

2 LD

Die Cicadinen Japans

II. *

Von

Prof. S. Matsumura.

Fam. Membracidae.

Gen. Leptocentrus Stal.

Stal, Hem. Afr. IV, p. 90 (1866).

1. Leptocentrus formosanus n. sp.

Schwarz, matt, graulich zart behaart. Antennen und Rostrum

gelblich. Scheitel und Pronotum dicht grob punktirt. Die seitlichen

Fortsätze dornartig, scharf zugespitzt, schief nach aussen gerichtet

und nach hinten gebogen, an den Kanten gekielt, oben und unten

mit einem von der Basis bis zur Spitze laufenden Kiel, welcher

näher der hinteren als an der vorderen Kante liegt. Der hintere

Fortsatz schmal, dornartig, scharf zugespitzt, länger als der Hinterleib,

an der Basis bogenartig gekrümmt, vom Scutellum weit entfernt.

Scutellum ist in der Mitte und an den Rändern gekielt, der Mittel-

kiel nach dem Vorderrand des Pronotums verlängert. Schildchen

lang, dreieckig, gelblichgrau behaart, grob punktirt, an der Spitze

schmal dreieckig. Elytren lang, subhyalin, gelblich, am Vorderrande

bräunlich, quer gerunzelt, an der Basis rauchbraun; Nerven deutlich

dicht gekörnelt. Flügel gelblich, hyalin, mit hellbräunlichen Nerven.

Brust und Bauch weisslich tomentirt, Dorsum spärlich tief

* Fortsetzung von Ann, Zool. Jap. Vol. VI, Part 2, 1907, p. 83—116,

16 S. MATSUMURA :

punktirt. Beine schwärzlichbraun, glanzend; Schenkel an der Spitze

sowie die Tibien und Tarsen mit Ausnahme ihrer Spitzen gelblich.

Länge: ? 83 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Kanshirei) ; gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare

vom Verfasser.

Der form nach Z. Zaurus F. sehr ähnlich, die seitlichen Fortsätze

des Pronotums jedoch nach hinten stärker gekrümmt und an der

Spitze allmälig scharf zugespitzt ; der hintere Fortsatz schmäler und

länger und noch stärker bogenartig gekrümmt.

T. N.: Bekko-tsunozemi.

Gen. Platybelus Stäl.

Stal, Hem. Afr. IV, p. 91 (1866).

1. Platybelus pilosus Wk.

Centrotus rectangulatus Kby., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. XXIV, p.

166 (1891).

Hab.—Formosa, Tonkin, Annam, Indien.

TN. Kenaga-tsunozemi.

Gen. Centrotus F.

Fabricius, Syst. Ryhn., p. 16 (1803).

1. Centrotus fiavipes Uhl.

Orthobelus flavipes Uhl, Proc. U. S. N. Mus. 19, p. 284 (1896).

Hab.—Hokkaido, Honshu ; häufig auf A/nus- und Ulmus- Pflanzen.

T. N.: Tsunozemi.

2. Centrotus sibiricus Leth.

Gargara sibirica Leth., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 19, p. LXXX

(1876).

Machaerotypus sellatus Uhl. Proc. U. S. N. Mus. 19, p. 284

(1896).

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 17

Hab.—Hokkaido, Honshu; häufg auf verschiedenen Laub-

holzpflanzen wie Alnus, Ulms, Salix, etc.

3. Centrotus nitobei n. sp.

Purpurbraun, Scheitel schwärzlichbraun, Rostrum gelblich. Schei-

tel dicht fein, Pronotum aber grob und tief punktirt; die beiden

gelblich anliegend behaart. Die seitlichen Fortsätze schief nach oben

und hinten gerichtet, scharf an der Spitze, am Vorderrande mit einem

Kiel und säbelartig scharf-kantig, am hinteren Rande mit zwei

Kielen. Der hintere Fortsatz schmal, an der Basis deutlich schmäler

als das Scutellum, prismatisch, die Spitze des Abdomens nicht er-

reichend, an der Spitze scharf zugespitzt. Scuttellum an den

Seiten weiss tomentirt. Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getrübt, die

Basis castanienbraun ; Nerven braun, nur diejenigen auf der Grenze

der Basis sowie auch diejenigen auf der Spitze gelblich. Flügel

hyalin, Nerven bräunlich. Brust gelblich-weiss, Bauch weisslich

anliegend behaart. Beine castanienbraun, weisslichgrau behaart.

Dorsum spärlich tief punktirt.

Länge: ? 10 mm.

Hab.—Aomori (Sambogi); gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare von

Herrn I. Nitobe.

Der Form nach O. favipes Uhl. etwas ähnlich, aber viel grösser

und die seitlichen Fortsätze des Pronotums viel länger.

T. N.: Nitobe-tsunozemi.

4, Centrotus mojiensis n. sp.

Castanienbraun, Scheitel schwärzlichbraun, Rostrum und Beine

vorwiegend gelblichbraun. Scheitel und Pronotum fein punk-

tirt, gelblich dicht anliegend behaart. Die seitlichen Fortsätze des

Pronotums schief nach aussen und vorwärts gerichtet, an der Spitze

abgestutzt, vorn und hinten ziemlich scharf gekielt, unten niedrig

gekielt. Der hintere Fortsatz prismatisch, die Basis des Scutellums

nicht ganz bedeckend, über die Mitte des Abdomens erreichend, der

18 S. MATUSMURA :

Rückenkiel ziemlich hoch, an der Spitze scharf zugespitzt, mit etwa

12 grossen tiefen Punkten versehen. Scutellum an den Seiten weiss-

lich tomentirt. Elytren stark runzelig, subhyalin, blassgelblich

getrübt, an der Basis verbräunt, punktirt, gelblich nervirt, hie und

da mit etwa 17 braunen Körnchen. Flügel hyalin. Wangen, Clypeus

und Vorderbrust weisslich tomentirt. Bauch anliegend gelblich be-

haart. Coxen und Femur mit Ausnahme der Spitze dunkelbraun.

Länge: ? 7 mm.

Hab. —Hokkaido (Otaru), Honshu (Morioka, Hakone, Moji) ;

gesammelt in 4 $ Exemplaren von Herren M. Ishida, J. Omori und dem

Verfasser.

Der Form der seitlichen Fortsätze nach, der Gattung Oxyrhachis

etwas ähnlich.

T. N.: Moji-tsunozemi.

5. Centrotus dorsalis n. sp.

Castanienbraun, anliegend graugelblich behaart. Scheitel und

Pronotum dicht fein punktirt. Die seitlichen Fortsätze des Pronotums

schief nach aussen und hinten gebogen, an der Spitze gegabelt ; die

hintere Gabel deutlich niedriger als die vordere ; an der Basis innen-

seits grubig ausgehöhlt ; vorn, hinten und unten gekielt. Der hintere

Fortsatz gross, comprimirt, fast halbkreisförmig, auf der Scheibe

gelblich punktirt, am Ende zugespitzt. Elytren dunkelbraun, in

der Mitte subhyalin, am äusseren Rande mit Membran hyalin in

der Mitte; Apicalzellen, die erste ausgenommen, je mit einem hyalinen

Flecke ; am Hinterwinkel auch eine hyaliner Fleck. Flügel hyalin,

mit braunen Nerven. Rostrum und Beine gelblichbraun ; Coxen und

Schenkel, die Spitze ausgenommen, dunkelbraun ; die Tibien unten

etwas dunkler. Brus tund Bauch anliegend, graulich und kurz behaart.

Länge: ? 6 mm.; Entfernung zwischen den Hornspitzen 3 mm.

Hab.—Formosa ; gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare von Herrn I.

Nitobe zu Kammutsu bei Horisha.

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 19

Der Form nach C. szdiricus Leth. etwas ähnlich. Den Hörner

nach Platybelus pilosus Wk. etwas ähnlich.

T. N.: Sedaka-tsunozemi.

6. Centrotus kuyanianus n. sp.

Castanienbraun ; dicht, lang, anliegend und golden behaart. Dic

seitlichen Fortsitze des Pronotums schief nach aussen und

hinten gerichtet, an der Spitze zugespitzt; vorn, hinten und

unten gekielt. Der hintere Fortsatz prismatisch, scharf zugespitzt,

an der Spitze grob punktirt, über die Mitte des Abdomens erreich-

end. Elytren gelblich subhyalin, an der Basis bräunlich, die sämtlich-

en Nerven sehr fein und gelblich behaart. Flügel hyalin, gelblich

nervirt, Costa in der Mitte mit einem hellbräunlichen Fleckchen.

Brust an den Seiten weisslich tomentirt. Beine rötlichbraun ; Coxen

und Schenkel, die Spitze ausgenommen, pechschwarz ; Tarsen etwas

heller. Abdomen spärlich tief-punktirt, schwärzlichgrau; Bauch

pechschwarz, gelblich behaart.

Länge: ? 6 mm.; Entfernung zwischen den Hornspitzen 4 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Tappan) ; gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

Der Form nach C. dasalis Wk. etwas ähnlich, die seitlichen

Fortsätze des Pronotums aber viel länger und stärker.

T. N. : Kuyania-tsunozemi.

7. Centrotus basalis Wk.

Centrotus basalis Wk.,' List. Hom. B. M. II, p. 626 (1851).

Hab.—Formosa (Shoka, Horisha, Ako, Koshun); China, Singapur,

Colombo, Java.

T. N.: Taiwan-tsunozemi.

8. Centrotus koshunensis n. sp.

Castanienbraun, Kopf und der Vorderrand des Pronotums oft

schwärzlich. Scheitel und Pronotum fein punktirt, kurz golden be-

20 Sì MATSUMURA :

haart. Die seitlichen Fortsätze des Pronotums kurz, nach aussen und

hinten gerichtet, an der Spitze stumpf zugespitzt und daselbst etwas

dunkler gefarbt. Der hintere Fortsatz des Pronotums iber die Mitte

des Abdomens erreichend, schmal, prismatisch, an der Spitze etwas

dunkler, an der Basis das Scutellum nicht ganz bedeckend. Elytren

subhyalin, gelblich getrübt, an der Basis bräunlich, punktirt ; in der

Mitte mehr oder weniger ausgedehnt bräunlich gefleckt, mindestens

die Mittelquernerven bräunlich gefärbt; die Nerven vorwiegend gelblich,

bei einigen Exemplaren aber die Apicalnerven etwas verbräunt; die

Membran oft an der Spitze und nahe dem Hinterwinkel verbräunt.

Hinterflügel weisslich, subhyalin, weisslich nervirt. Beine gelblich-

braun ; Coxen und Schenkel, die Spitze ausgenommen, pechschwarz ;

die Tarsen heller. Brust an den Seiten weiss tomentirt. Abdomen

spärlich tief-punktirt, graubraun.

Länge: 5 $ 4—4.5 mm. ; Entfernung der Hornspitzen 3 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Shinsha, Koshun); gesammelt in zahlreichen

Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

Der form nach C. basalis Wk. etwas ähnlich, aber viel kleiner.

T. N. : Mon-tsunozemi.

9. Centrotus akonis n. sp.

? hellbräunlich, $ schwärzlichbraun. Scheitel und Pronotum grob

punktirt; kurz und anliegend golden behaart. Die seitlichen Fort-

sätze des Pronotums in verschiedener Ausbilding : meistens sehr kurz,

bei einigen Exemplaren, besonders beim 9, fehlen sie ganz* ; vorn,

hinten und unten gekielt. Der hintere Fortsatz prismatisch, die Mitte

des Abdomens erreichend, in der Mitte (besonders beim 3) etwas

* Die Exemplaren, an welchen die seitlichen Fortsätze fehlen, gehören zweifellos an der

Gattung Gargara Amyot, während die Ilörner besitzenden Exemplaren der Gattung Cen-

trotus (Tricentrus Stal) F. zugetheilt werden müssen. So will ich hier, wie es schon von

Walker geschehen ist, die erstere Gattung an die letztere vereinigen, bis eine gründliche

Revision der Gattungen der indomalayischen Membraciden fertig sein wird.

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 21

erhoben und an der Basis etwas schmäler ; an der Spitze beim ?

verdunkelt. Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getrübt, an der Basis bräun-

lich, punktirt; die Nerven blassgelblich, die in der Mitte liegenden

etwas verbräunt ; die Membran vorwiegend bräunlich, an der Spitze

des Clavus verhellt. Flügel weisslich subhyalin, die Nerven blassgelb-

lich. Beine gelblichbraun ; Coxen und Femur, die Spitze ausgenommen

dunkelbraun ; Hinterbrust an den Seiten je mit einem weisslich tomen-

tirten Flecke. Abdomen spärlich tief-punktirt; Bauch glänzend,

fein punktirt, blassgelblich anliegend behaart.

Länge: $ ? 3—4 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Koshun, Ako, Shinsha, Shirin, Hokuto).

T. N.: Hime-Taiwan-tsunozemi.

10. Centrotus (Gargara) variegatus n. sp.

Langoval; Scheitel und der vordere und hintere Teile des Pro-

notums schwärzlichbraun. Pronotum vorwiegend hellbräunlich, Scheitel

und Pronotum dicht tief- punktiert und ziemlich dicht weissgrau be-

haart. Pronotum ohne seitliche Fotsätze ; der hintere Fortsatz kurz,

die Mitte des 3ten Abdominalsegments nicht ganz erreichend, an der

Spitze plötzlich verschmälert. Elytren weisslich, subhyalin ; die Basis,

die Spitzenhälfte des Clavus, eine breite bogenartige Querbinde im

Apicaldritteln, ein Fleck an der Spitze und die Nerven des Mittel- und

Apicalfeldes vorwiegend schwärzlichbraun. Die Nerven ziemlich lang

behaart. Brust und Bauch schwärzlichbraun ; Bauchsegmente an der

Basis blassgelblich, nur an den Seiten punktirt. Beine schwärzlich-

braun, weisslichgrau lang behaart; Schenkel an der Spitze, die Tibien

und die Tarsen an der Basis hellbräunlich.

Länge: ? 4.5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Arisan) ; gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

11. Centrotus (Gargara) ligustri n. sp.

? Oval, castanienbraun ; kurz golden-behaart ; Schenkel und der

Vorderteil des Pronotums schwärzlichbraun ; Clypeus und Wangen

22 S. MATSUMURA :

dicht weiss-tomentirt. Pronotum ohne seitliche Fortsätze ; der hintere

Fortsatz prismatisch und allmälig schmal zugespitzt, bei dem Scutel-

lum ein wenig gebogen, die Clavalspitze erreichend. Scutellum an

den Seiten weissgrau behaart. Elytren weisslich subhyalin ; die

Nerven gelblich, sehr kurz gelblich behaart; die Basis, zwei breite

Querbinden in der Mitte und der Apicaldrittel castenienbraun, die

Apicalnerven verbraunt; Bauch und Brust schwärzlichbraun, dicht

punktirt, weisslich behaart; Brust an den Seiten weiss tomentirt.

Beine gelblichbraun ; Schenkel oben und Coxen an der Basis schwärz-

lichbraun, silberweiss behaart. Scheidenpolster am Innenrande und

Legescheide castanienbaaun.

Länge: 2 6 mm.

Hab.—Honshu (Tokyo, Takasago) ; gesammelt in 4 ? Exemplare

auf einer Zigustrum-Art.

12. Centrotus (Gargara) garampinus n. sp.

Breitoval. Castanienbraun, kurz, gelblichgrau behaart. Scheitel

und Pronotum grob punktirt. Die seitlichen Fortsätze schr niedrig,

bei einem Exemplare waren sie undeutlich, bei einem anderen ziemlich

hoch, vorn und hinten deutlich gekielt, nach hinten und aussen

gerichtet. Der hintere Forsatz kurz, die Spitze des Clavus bei weitem

nicht erreichend, prismatisch, an der Spitze allmälig scharf zugespitzt.

Elytren weisslich subhyalin, an der Basis und Spitze verbräunt, gelb-

lich nervirt, kurz, weisslich behaart. Pronotum an den Seiten

spärlich weisslich behaart. Brust und Bauch schwärzlichbraun, an

den Seiten weisslich behaart und punktirt. Beine gelblich, Coxen

und Schenkel castanienbraun, Klauen schwärzlichbraun.

Länge: $ 2 5-—54 mm.

Hab.—-Formosa (Koshun) ; gesammelt in 4 (1 3, 3 $) Exemplaren

vom Verfasser.

Auch bei dieser Art kommen Inidividuen vor, welche bald

die seitlichen Fortsätze besitzen und bald deren ermangeln.

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 23

13, Centrotus (Gurgara) genistæ F.

Membracis geniste F. Ent. Syst. 4. p. 15 (1794).

Hab.—Hokkaido, Honshu, Kiushu, Ogasawarajima ; Sibirien,

Europa, Afrika.

Bei uns kommt die Art häufig auf Zigustrum, Salix, Ulmus, etc.

vor.

14, Centrotus (Gargara) tappanus n. sp.

Castanienbraun ; Scheitel und der Voderrand des Pronotums

schwärzlichbraun ; gelblich kurz behaart. Scheitel und Pronotum

dicht fein-punktirt, das letztere auf der Scheibe spärlich punktirt ;

seitliche Fortsätze fehlen ganz, der hintere Fortsatz prismatisch, an

der Spitze verbräunt, scharf gekielt und zugespitzt. Elytren hyalin,

bei einem Exemplare gelblich getrübt, an der Basis schwärzlichbraun ;

die Nerven gelblich, die Spitzenrandnerven verbräunt; die Nerven

deutlich gekörnt und spärlich gelblich behaart. Brust und Abdomen

schwärzlichbraun, an den Seiten dicht fein und gelblich behaart.

Beine einfarbig bräunlichgelb, die Coxen castanienbraun.

Länge: ? 5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Tappan, Horisha) ; gesammelt in 2? Exemplaren

vom Verfasser.

Der Form nach C. geniste F. etwas ähnlich, aber deutlich

länger.

15. Centrotus (Gargara) donitze n sp.

Schwarz, dicht und fein golden-behaart. Antennen braun; die

Borste weisslich, beim $ ganz weisslichgelb. Scheitel fein- und Pronotum

ziemlich grob-punktirt ; seitliche Fortsätze fehlen dem letzteren, nur

spurweise gefunden bei einem Exemplare. Der hintere Fortsatz viel

länger als der Clavus, prismatisch ; der Mittelkiel ziemlich hoch; an

der Spitze schmal und scharf zugespitzt, etwas nach unten gebogen.

Elytren subhyalin, ein wenig gelblich getrübt, an der Basis schwarz,

24 S. MATSUMURA:

grob punktirt ; die Nerven blassgelblich, beim $ etwas verbräunt in

der Mitte ; der Apicalrandnerv etwas dunkler. Beine einfarbig gelb,

Schenkel beim $ unten braun ; Klauen dunkel. Bauch beim 2 gelblich

in der Mitte und am Hinterrande jedes S:gmentes. Scheidenpolster

spärlich grob-punktirt ; Genitalplatten beim $ gelblich am Rande.

Länge: 5 $ 54—6 mm.

Hab. —Honshu (Hakone) ; gesammelt in 2 ($ 2) Exemplaren vom

Verfasser.

Der Form nach C. Zzpp.nus m. Ähnlich, aber noch länger jeund

grösser. Diese Art wurde erst von Herrn Dönitz in Tokyo gesammelt.

16. Centrotus (Gargara) zowatus n. sp.

Castanienbraun ; kurz golden-behaart ; Scheitel und der Vonder-

rand des Pronotums schwärzlichbraun. Pronotum ohne seitliche Fort-

sätze, in der Mitte spärlich grob- und an den Seiten dichter fein-

behaart. Der hintere Fortsatz prismatisch, etwas länger als der

Clavus, an der Spitze etwas verdunkelt. Elytren subhyalin, dunkel

getrübt, an der Basis schwärzlichbraun; der Apicaldrittel weisslich-

subhyalin und in der Mitte mit einer breiten braunen Querbinde ; die

Nerven am Innenrande dieser Binde und die Flügelspitze weiss-

lich. Beine gelblichbraun ; die Schenkel, die Spitzen ausgenommen,

schwärzlich-braun. Brust und Bauch pechschwarz, der letztere sehr

kurz und fein grau-behaart. Legescheide gelblichbraun.

Länge: 2 3.5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Horisha) ; gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

17. Centrotus (Gargara) arisanus n. sp.

Schwarz, bräunlich kurzbehaart. Scheitel und Pronotum ziem-

lich grob punktirt; seitliche Fortsätze fehlen dem Pronotum ganz;

der hintere Fortsatz viel gröber punktirt als auf dem Pronotum, die

Spitze des Clavus nicht erreichend ; der Mittelkiel hoch, in der

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 25

Mitte bogig erhoben, an der Spitze scharf zugespitzt. Elytren weiss-

lich subhyalin, deutlich gekörnt und spärlich hellbräunlich behaart,

die Nerven gelblich ; die Basis und eine am Hinterrande gegabelte

schiefe Querbinde beim 2 schwärzlich, beim $ ganz schwarz; nur am

Spitzendritteln und an der Clavalspitze hyalin ; die Nerven auf der

Querbinde dunkler. Unten graulich kurzbehaart. Legescheide nahe

an der Basis gelblichbraun. Genitalklappe des À an der Spitze

gelblich. Beine schwärzlichbraun ; Tibien an der Spitze und Tarsen

bräunlichgelb.

Lange: À £ 3.5—4 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Arisan) ; gesammelt in 6 (2 $ 4 2) Exemplaren

vom Verfasser.

18. Centrotus guttulinervis n. sp.

Castanienbraun (3) oder schwärzlichbraun (2); der Scheitel

bei den heller gefärbten jungen Exemplaren dunkler. Scheitel

und Pronotum fein punktirt, weissgelblich kurz behaart. Beim ? zwei

bräunliche Längsstriemen am Vorderrande des Pronotums ; dieselbe

Region beim $ goldgelblich behaart. Seitliche Fortsätze fehlen dem

Pronotum ganz. Der hintere Fortsatz die Spitze des Clavus ganz

erreichend, an der Spitze scharf zugespitzt und etwas bogig nach unten

gekrümmt. Elytren subhyalin, bräunlichgelb getrübt, an der Basis

bräunlich, in der Mitte und an der Spitze weisslich ; die Nerven gelblich,

mit etwa 35 bräunlichen Körnchen ; Clypeus weisslich tomentirt. Beine

schwärzlichbraun ; Schenkel an jeder Spitze, sowie Tibien und Tarsen,

geblichbraun. Brust und Bauch schwärzlichbraun, letzterer beim ?

vorwiegend röthlichbraun.

lange: 7 % 3.2. mm.

Hab. —Formosa (Horisha); gesammelt in 2 (3 ?) Exemplaren

vom Verfasser.

19. Centrotus horishanus n. sp.

Schwarz, mit kurzen gelblichen Härchen bedeckt. Rostrum gelb-

26 S. MATSUMURA :

lich, an der Spitze verbräunt. Scheitel ziemlich fein-, Pronotum

ziemlich grob-punktirt. Pronotum ohne seitliche Fortsätze; der

hintere Fortsatz die Spitze des Clavus erreichend, viel gröber punktirt

als das Pronotum, prismatisch, nach der Spitze zu allmälig scharf

zugespitzt, der Mittelkiel gelblich in der Mitte. Elytren hyalin, an der

Basis ziemlich weitausgedehnt schwarz; die Nerven bräunlichgelb, mit

deutlichen gleichgefärbten Körnchen, spärlich gelblich behaart. Beine

einfarbig honiggelb, gelblich behaart; Coxen schwärzlichbraun ; die

Klauen verbraunt. Bauch fein punktirt, sehr fein grau-behaart ;

bräunlich am Hinterrande jedes Segmentes.

Länge: $ 4 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Horisha) ; gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare

vom Verfasser.

Der Form nach C. genistae F. sehr ähnlich, weicht jedoch

durch die ganz einfarbig honiggelben Beinen und hyaline Elytren

ab.

20. Centrotus (Gargara) kawakamii n. sp.

Schwarz, mit gelblichen Härchen bedeckt. Pronotum hell-

bräunlich. Scheitel uud Pronotum grob punktirt. Pronotum ohne

seitliche Fortsätze ; der hintere Fortsatz kurz, bei weitem nicht die

Spitze des Clavus erreichend, der Mittelkiel nahe der Spitze hoch

erhebend und dann gegen die Spitze hin scharf zugespitzt. Elytren

bräunlich; ein grosser Fleck nahe der Clavalspitze und ein breiter

Bogenfleck nahe der Deckspitze weisslich subhyalin; die Nerven

schwärzlichbraun, deutlich gekörnt, bräunlich lang-behaart. Beine

schwärzlich ; Tibien und Tarsen vorwiegend bräunlich, die letzeren

etwas heller als die ersteren. Bauch kurz grau-behaart; Schei-

denpolster grob punktirt, Legescheide bräunlich nahe der

Basis.

Länge: 2 4 mm.

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 27

Hab.—Formosa (Koshun); ein Exemplar gesammelt von Herrn

T. Kawakami und ein anderer vom Verfasser.

Der Form nach C. variegatus etwas ähnlich.

Fam. Jassida.

Subfam. Megophthalmine.

Mesoparopia n. gen.

Der Form nach der Gattung Megophthalmus Curt. sehr ähnlich,

weicht aber in den folgenden Charaktere ab:

I. Flügeldecke mit einer Basalzelle, 2 Discoidal-, 3 Intermediär-

und 5 Apicalzellen; der zweite Langsnerv des Clavus an der Spitze

fast rechtwinklig abgebrochen.

2. Scheitel sehr kurz, der vordere- und hintere Rand fast bis zum

Ende parallel, aber am Ende ganz nahe dem Auge etwas schief

abgeschnitten. Es fehlen die zwei seitlichen Leisten welche beim

Megophthalmus deutlich sind; von der Mitte des Scheitels jederseits

geht ein sehr schief gerichteter niedriger Kiel bis zum Innerwinkel

des Auges, weicher mit dem Vorderrande eine sehr schmaldreieckige

Grube bildet, an deren Spitze die Nebenaugen liegen.

3. Stirn langoval, die Lorae am Aussenrande niedrig und nicht

so scharf gekielt wie bei Megophthalmus ; Clypeus klein, an der Basis

stark eingeschnürt.

Dieser neuen Gattung gehören die zwei folgenden Arten: Mesopa-

ropia nitobei n. sp. aus Formosa und M. fruhstorferi n. sp. aus

Tonkin.

1. Mesoparopia nitobei n. sp.

¢ .schwärzlichbraun; dicht grob-punktirt. Scheitel mit 3

gelblichen Flecken in der Mitte des Vorderrandes und einem gelblich-

en Fleckchen am Innenrande jedes Auges. Pronotum an der hinte-

28 S. MATSUMURA :

ren Hälfte punktirt. Schildchen dunkel, an den beiden Enden der

Querfurche gelblich punktirt. Elytren am Costal- und Subcostalfelde

deutlich gekòrnt; Clavus ziemlich dicht punktirt ; die zweite Discoidal-

zelle am Apicaldritteln sowie die dritte Intermediärzelle weisslich

subhyalin. Flügel subhyalin, dunkel getrübt, die Nerven dunkel.

Gesicht grob punktirt ; Stirn am Vorderteile oval ausgehöhlt ; Wangen

weisslich gefleckt. Beine dunkelbraun; Coxen an der Spitze,

Trochanter vorwiegend, die beiden Enden des Schenkels, die Spitze

der hinteren Tibien und die Basis des hinteren Tarsus weisslich.

§ Genitalplatten lang, an einander liegend, fast parallel, gegen

die Spitze hin etwas verbreitert und nach oben gebogen.

? Gelblichbraun. Scheitel in der Mitte mit einem gelblichen

Flecke. Beine heller als der Grundfarbe. Clavus in der Mitte weiss-

lich gefleckt. Letztes Bauchsegment in der Mitte schwach ausge-

buchtet, Scheidenpolster so lang wie das Abdomen.

Länge: $ 2 53—6 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Tappan, Kammon); gesammelt in 3 (1 À, 2 È)

Exemplaren von Herrn I. Nitobe und vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Nitobe-eguriyokobai.

2. Mesoparopia fruhstorferi n. sp.

2 Gelblichbraun. Scheitel kurz, dunkel, mit 3 gelblichen Fleck-

en; an den beiden Enden des Hinterrandes auch gelblich. Pronotum

gelblich dicht und grob punktirt, in der Mitte querrunzelig, an den

Seiten ziemlich tief ausgehöhlt. Scutellum sehr fein und spärlich

punktirt, mit einer ziemlich tiefe Querfurche, an beiden Enden gelblich

gefleckt; die Spitzenhälfte auch gelblich. Elytren dunkelbraun ;

mit Ausnahme des Apicaldrittels und der Mitte ziemlich tief punktirt ;

die Nerven dunkel, hie und da weisslich punktirt, die äussere Spitze

des Nahtnerven weisslich gefleckt. Gesicht spärlich fein-punktirt ;

Stirn am Vorderrande und Wangen in der Mitte dunkel; der erstere

in der Mitte mit einem gelblichen Flecke; Clypeus gelb. Beine

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 29

dunkelbraun ; Coxen und Trochanter vorwiegend, Hinterschenkel aber

in der Basalhälfte gelblich ; Schenkel und Tibien gelblich punktirt.

Letztes Bauchsegment mit dentlicher breit-dreieckiger Ausbuchtung ;

Scheidenpolster gelblich, deutlich kürzer als das Abdomen.

Länge: 7 mm.

Hab.—China (Tonkin); gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare von

Herrn H. Fruhstorfer.

Der Form nach M. nitobei etwas ähnlich, aber viel grösser.

Subfam. Ledrina.

Gatt. Ledromorpha Stal.

Stal) Ann, Soc Ent. Er, (4), 1864, p. 68.

1. Ledromorpha discolor Uhl.

Petalocepha!a discolor Uhl. Proc. U. S. N. Mus., 1896, p. 299.

Hab.—Honshu, Kiushu.

T. N.: Ko-mimitsuku.

Gatt. Ledra F.

Fabricius, Syst. Rhyn. 1803, p. 24.

1. Ledra auditura Wk.

Ledra auditura Wk. List of Hom. B. M, Suppl. 1858, p. 240.

Hab.—Honshu Kiushu; China.

T. N.: Mimitsuku.

Gatt. Lepropsis White.

White, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, p. 425.

1. Lepropsis formosana n. sp.

$ Gelblichbraun. Scheitel dunkelbraun, etwas kürzer als der

30 S. MATSUMARA :

Abstand zwischen den Augen, halbkreisförmig, vorn etwas aufgehoben ,

in der Mitte jederseits mit einer ziemlich tiefen Aushöhlung ; runzelig

grob punktirt. Stirn vorwiegend gelblich. Pronotum grob punktirt,

querrunzelig, mit 3 bräunlichen Längsstriemen, von denen die seitlichen

undeutltch sind ; deutlich länger als der Scheitel. Scutellum an den

Basalwinkeln je mit einem bräunlichen Flecke, grob punktirt wie das

Pronotum. Elytren bräunlich, grob punktirt im Clavus; das Costal-

feld, die Mitte des Coriums und das Apicalfeld vorwiegend subhyalin

und heller. Clavus nahe der Spitze mit einem weisslichen subhyalinen

Flecke. Die Nerven von der Grundfarbe, mit bräunlichen Körnchen,

die beiden Seiten der Nerven vorwiegend einreihig punktirt. Flügel

haylin, deren Nerven bräunlich. Beine schmutziggelb, Schenkel in der

Mitte etwas verdunkelt. Mesopleurae bräunlich, grob punktirt. Bauch

und Brust schmutziggelb. Genitalplatten deutlich länger als die

vorhergehenden Bauchsegmente zusammen ; conisch zuschliessend und

etwas aufwärts gebogen.

Länge: $ 6 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Kagi); gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

T. N.: Komimitsuku-modoki.

2. Ledropsis horishana n. sp.

5 Blassgriinlichgelb. Scheitel deutlich kürzer als der Abstand

zwischen den Augen, vorn bogig abgerundet, am Vorderrande sich

etwas aufwärts gehoben, in der Mitte beiderseits je mit einer Aushöh-

lung, grob punktirt, an den Seiten hellbräunlich. Pronotum viel länger

als der Scheitel, hellbräunlich, grob punktirt, quer gerunzelt, mit einer

undeutlichen Mittelstrieme, beiderseits nahe dem Vorderrande je mit

einer Einstechung. Scutellum spärlich fein-punktirt, in der Mitte mit

einer tiefen Querfurche. Elytren subhyalin, grob punktirt ; Clavus

an der Basis verbräunt; am Apicalfelde feiner punktirt; die Nerven

von der Grundfarbe und ziemlich undeutlich. Scheitel unten nahe

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 31

dem Hinterwinkel des Auges jederseits mit einem bräunlichen Flecke.

Frons fast glatt, in der Mitte etwas spärlich punktirt. Brust, Bauch

und Beine einfarbig blassgelblich. Genitalplatten etwas länger als

das vorhergehende Bauchsegment, zusammen conisch zuschliessend,

etwas aufwärts gebogen.

Länge: 6 mm.

Hab.—-Formosa (Horisha) ; gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

T. N.: Horisha-mimitsukumodoki.

3. Ledropsis vittata n. sp.

? Geblichbraun. Scheitel grob punktirt, fast so lang wie der

Abstand zwischen den Augen, vorn schmal abgerundet, in der Mitte

gelblich, nahe der Ocelle jederseits vertieft und daselbst verbräunt.

Pronotum so lang wie der Scheitel, gröber punktirt, in der Mitte mit

einer breiten gelblichen Strieme, welche sich über den Scheitel und

das Scutellum fortsetzt ; in der Mitte noch mit einer schmalen bräun-

lichen Strieme; an den Seiten etwas heller als der Grundfarbe,

Scutellum gelb, am Vorderwinkel jederseits mit einem bräunlichen

Flecke, fein punktirt. Elytren hellbräunlich, hie und da subhyalin ;

in der Mitte von der Costalmitte bis zur Clavalbasis läuft eine bräun-

liche Schrägsbinde; die Spitze des Clavus auch bräunlich, grob

punktirt; die Nerven von der Grundfarbe und nicht deutlich, mit

bräunlichen Körnchen. Scheitel unten schwärzlichbraun, quernadel-

rissig ; Frons und Genae blassgelblich, fast glatt. Pro- und Mesopleurae

sehr grob punktirt. Brust, Bauch und Beine blassgelblich ; Tibien und

Tarsen grünlich beschattet. Scheidenpolster deutlich kürzer als das

Abdomen; letztes Bauchsegment am Hinterrande fast gerade.

Länge: ? 7.5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Horisha, Rinkiho); gesammelt in 2 (99) Exem-

plaren vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Suji-mimitsukumodoki.

32 S. MATSUMURA :

4, Ledropsis 4-maculata n. sp.

Rôtlichbraun. Scheitel deutlich langer als der Abstand zwischen

den Augen, conisch zugespitzt; ziemlich dicht runzelig punktirt, auf

der Scheibe deutlich gréber punktirt, in der Mitte mit einem undeut-

lichen sehr feinen Kielchen. Pronotum viel kiirzer als der Scheitel, an

der Vorderhälfte fein- und an der Hinterhälfte grob punktirt, am Hinter-

winkel querrunzelig. Scutellum grob runzelig punktirt, am Basalwinkel

jederseits mit einem bräunlichen Fleckchen, an der Spitzenhälfte

querrunzelig. Elytren olivenfarbig, grob punktirt ; Clavus, ebenso wie

die 2 grosse Flecke, von denen eins in der Mitte des Coriums

und ein anderer nahe der Spitze gelegen sind, gelblichbraun; Clavus

bräunlich punktirt ; das Spitzenfeld des ersten Längsnerven bräunlich

gefleckt ; die Nerven von der Grundfarbe ; Spitzennerven hie und da

rötlich. Unterseite blassgelblich, Scheitel fast flach, am Rande

rötlichgelb. Beine blassgrünlichgelb, Klauen an der Spitze bräunlich.

Scheidenpolster so lang wie das Abdomen; letztes Bauchsegment

gerade.

Länge: £ 15 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Kohsun) ; gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

T. N. : Yotsuboshi-mimitsukumodoki.

Gatt. Petalocephala Stäl.

Stal, Öfv. Vet. Ak. Förh. 1853 p. 266.

1. Petalocephala angulata n. sp.

Olivengriin. Schitel grob punktirt, dreieckig, fast so lang wie der

Abstand zwischen den Augen; der Spitzenrand beim 4% bräunlich,

deutlich stumpfwinklig ; Ocellen rubinrot. Pronotum an der Vorder-

halfte fein- und an der Hinterhalfte grob punktirt, sechswinklig, beim $

an den Seiten stark spitzwinklig, beim $ rechtwinklig hervorragend

und der Hinterrand dieser Vorragung schwärzlichbraun. Scutellum

gelblich, grob punktirt, in der Mitte querrunzelig. Elytren subhyalin,

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 33

olivengriin, zusammen etwas prismatisch, dicht grob punktirt; die

Längsnerven des Clavus heller und mit geringer Anzahl Anstomosen

bildenden Quernerven ; Vorderrandnerv gelb; die übrigen Nerven von

der Grundfarbe, ziemlich stark hervortretend, an der Spitzenhälfte

netzartig anastomosirend. Unterseite und Beine blassgelblich, Tibien an

der Spitzenhälfte und Tarsen grünlich ; Tibialspornen an der Spitze

bräunlich.

à Genitalplatten deutlich länger als das vorhergehende Bauch-

segment, zusammen schmal kegelförmig zugeschlossen und aufwärts

gebogen.

$ Letztes Bauchsegment in der Mitte des Hinterrandes schwach

bogig ausgebuchtet ; Scheidenpolster so lang wie das Abdomen.

Lange & 12.mm.; è 17 mm:

Hab.—Formosa (Koshun, Heirimbi) ; gesammelt in 2 ($$) Exem-

plaren vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Hirata-mimitsuku.

Subfam. Tettigoniine.

Gatt. Tettigonia Geoff.

Geoffroy, Hist. abr. ins. 1, p. 429 (1862).

1. Tettigonia viridis L.

Cicada viridis L. Faun. Suec. sp. 897 (1761).

Hab.—Ganz Japan; China, Sibirien, Europa, Afrika.

T N.: O-yokobai.

F. P.—Thea, Morus, Oryza, Triticum, Panicum und andere

niedrige Pflanzen.

2. Tettigonia ferruginea .F. var. apicalis Wk.

Cicada ferruginea F. Ent. Syst. p. 32 (1794).

Tettigonia apicalis Wk. List Hom. p. 736 (1851).

34 S. MATSUMURA :

Hab.—Honshu, Shikoku, Kiushu, Riukiu, Formosa, Korea ; China.

T. N.: Tsumaguro-oyokobai.

F. P.—Thea, Morus und andere niedrige Pflanzen.

3. Tettigonia formosana n. sp.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach 7° ferruginea F. ähnlich, weicht

aber in den folgenden Punkten ab:

i. Körper mit den Flytren zusammen viel sehmäler als bei 7:

ferruginea F.

ii Am Uebergange zur Stirn jederseits mit einem bräunlichen

Flecke, welcher sich fast bis zur Basis der Stirn erstreckt. Stirn an

der Spitze und jederseits an der Basis je mit einem bräunlichen

Flecke.

iii. Elytren schmal, an der Spitze dunkelbraun ; auf den Apical-

quernerven läuft eine nach aussen gebogene bräunliche Querbinde ;

die Membran schmutzigweiss.

iv. Beine schmutziggelb ; Coxen, Trochanter, Schenkel und Tibien

an den beiden Enden, Klauenglied an der Spitze und Klauen schwärz-

lich.

2 Letztes Bauchsegment in der Mitte deutlich tiefer ausgebuchtet

als bei 7! ferruginea, sodass die seitlichen Vorragungen viel länger

und spitziger erscheinen.

Lange: ? 13 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Gyochi bei Horisha) ; gesammelt in einem Exem-

plare vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Hoso-tsumaguro-Oyokobai.

4, Tettigonia albida Wk.

Tettigonia albida Wk. List. Hom. II, p. 767 (1851).

Hab.—Oshima, Riukiu, Formosa (überall häufig); China, Malay,

Ceylon.

T. N.: Shiro-Gyokobai.

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 35

5. Tettigonia pallidiola n. sp.

Der Färbung und Form nach 7: aldida Wk. sehr ähnlich, unter-

scheidet sich aber von dieser in den folgenden Punkten :

i. Körper kleiner, von hellgrünlichgelber Farbe.

ii. Scheitel beim ¢ lang, spitzkonisch hervorragend und ohne den

Mittelfleck am Uebergange des Scheitels zur Stirn.

iii. Pronotum ohne Spur von Mittelflecken, beim $ fast so lang

wie die Scheitellänge.

iv. ¢ Genitalplatten an der Basis breit, gegen die Spitze hin

aber plötzlich verschrälert und an der Spitzenhilfte fast linienförmig

gestaltet. 2 Letztes Bauchsegment konisch, an der Spitze breit abge-

rundet, aber viel schmäler als bei 7. aldida Wk.

Länge: $ 5.5 mm., 2 7 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Taihoku, Hokuto, Tansui, Kanshirei, Ako, Ko-

shun); gesammelt in zahlreichen Exemplaren. Dieselbe Art

habe ich auch in Colombo in 4 Exemplaren (2 4, 2 ©)

erbeutet.

T. N. : Hime-shiro oyokobai.

6. Tettigonia koshunensis n. sp.

Weisslichgelb. Scheitel breit konisch, am Uebergange zur Stirn

in der Mitte mit einem schwärzlichen runden Flecke, vor der Ocelle

jederseits mit einem von etwa 6 kleinen Fleckchen bestehenden bräun-

lichen Bogenflecke ; Ocellen bräunlich. Stirn einfarbig, in der Mitte

der Länge nach etwas heller. Pronotum so lang wie die Scheitel-

länge, an der Hinterhälfte spärlich quernadelrissig. Elytren subhyalin,

schmutzigweiss getrübt ; die Nerven vorwiegend farblos, aber der Nervus

brachialis, der N. cubitalis internus und die die beiden verbindenden

Quernerven bräunlich. Beine einfarbig weisslichgelb, Klauen bräunlich.

à Genitalplatten breit an der Basis, gegen die Spitze hin schmal

werdend, die beiden in der Mitte eine schmale Ellipse umschliessend.

Länge: $ 5.5 mm.

36 S. MATSUMURA:

Hab.—Formosa (Koshun), gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

Der Form und Färbung nach 77 pallidiola etwas ähnlich.

7. Tettigonia rinkihonis n. sp.

Weisslichgelb. Scheitel fast halbkreisformig, so lang wie der

Abstand zwischen den Augen, in der Mitte 2 schwarze Fleckchen in

einer Längslinie vorhanden, an den Seiten am Uebergange zur Stirn je

ein bräunliches Fleckchen. Stirn einfarbig weisslichgelb, ziemlich

hoch gewölbt. Pronotum etwas länger als die Scheitellänge, fast

subhyalin, sodass die 3 unterliegende schwärzliche Flecke durchsicht-

bar sind. Scutellum an der Wurzel jederseits mit einem schwarzen

ovalen Flecke, dessen vordere Hälfte vom subhyalinen Pronotum

bedeckt wird. Elytren subhyalin weisslichgelb, die Nerven von der

Grundfarbe und nur wenig hervortretend. Flügel dunkel angeraucht,

an der Costa schmal weisslich. Rostrum und ein Seitenfleck der

Prolpeurae schwärzlich. Beine einfarbig weisslichgelb, Klauen an der

Innenseite dunkel. $ Genitalplatten länglichoval, an der Spitze breit

konisch, an den Seiten lang gelblichweiss behaart,

Länge: $ 9 mm.

Hab.

Verfasser.

T. N. : Rinkiho-Syokobai.

Formosa (Rinkiho) ; gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare vom

8. Tettigonia horishana n. sp.

Dunkelbraun. Scheitel etwas kürzer als der Abstand zwischen

den Augen, in der Mitte mit einer gelblichen Längsbinde, welche

sich am Vorderrande verbreitert und darauf mit 2 braunlichen Langs-

flecken versehen sind; am Hinterrande mit 2 bräunlichen Flecken.

Ocellen schwärzlich, ihre Umgebung hie und da gelblich. Stirn hoch

gewölbt, kurzoval, an der Spitze weisslich, in der Mitte jederseits mit

einem weisslichen Längsflecke und Punkten. Clypeus, Zügel, Rostrum

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 37

und Beine weisslich. Klauen dunkel. Pronotum etwa so lang wie die

Scheitellange, in der Mitte mit einer weisslichen Lingsbinde, an den

Seiten mit weisslichen Fleckchen besäet. Scutellum hellbräunlich,

mit einem von der Basis bis zur Querfurche ziehender Fleck; ein

seitliches Fleckchen und die scharfe Spitze weisslich. Elytren bräun-

lichrot, mit helleren Fleckchen gesprenkelt, an der Spitze und die

Membran dunkel ; Clavus bei einigen Exemplaren grünlich ; die Nerven

von der Grundfarbe und nur wenig hervortretend. Flügel dunkel, die

Nerven etwas tiefer in der Färbung. % Genitalplatten weisslich, lang,

an der Basis breit, an der Spitze zugespitzt, zusammen schmal konisch

zuschliessend. Letztes Rückensegment lang, 2 mal länger als die

Genitalplatten. $ Scheidenpolster lang, fast so lang wie das Abdo-

men, ebenso wie die Legescheide schmutzigweiss, an der Spitze blass-

gelblich borstig behaart.

Linge: $ 2 8-8.5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Horisha, Hoppo); gesammelt in 6 (5 4, 1 8)

Exemplaren von Herrn I. Nitobe und vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Horisha-Syokobai.

9. Tettigonia hopponis n. sp.

Oben schwarz, unten weisslich. Scheitel fast halbkreisförmig, so

lang wie der Abstand zwischen den Augen; nahe am Hinterrande

mit 4 karmoisinroten Flecken, von denen die 2 seitlichen deutlich

grösser und je mit einem schwärzlichen Fleckchen versehen sind ;

am Uebergange zur Stirn ein gabelförmiger roter Fleck. Stirn an

der Spitze beiderseits mit einem rhombischen schwarzen Flecke; an

der Innenseite jeder Antenne ein schwärzliches Fleckchen. Pronotum

ein wenig länger als die Scheitellänge, mit 5 roten Längsflecken, in

einiger Entfernung vom Vorderrande, woselbst jederseits ein rotes

Fleckchen vorkommt. Scutellum schmutziggelb, am Basalwinkel weit

ausgedehnt dunkel, 2 Flecke in der Mitte und die Querfurche dunkel.

Elytren dunkel, die Nerven schwarz, deutlich hervortretend ; mit 3 den

38 S. MATSUMURA :

Apicalrand nicht erreichenden rötlichen Längsbinden, von denen die

mittlere in der Mitte unterbrochen ist; an der Spitze etwas tiefer in

der Farbung. Flügel rauchbraun, die Nerven tiefer in der Farbung.

Pro- und Mesopleurae ebenso wie die 2 Flecke auf Mesosternum

schwärzlich. Beine weisslich, Klauen bräunlich. Bauch gelblichweiss.

$ Genitalplatten gelblichweiss, an der Spitze bräunlich ange-

raucht, zusammen konisch zuschliessend, an den Seiten und an der

Spitze bräunlich spärlich kurz behaart; letztes Rückensegment ein

wenig länger als die Genitalplatten.

Länge: $ 9.5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Hoppo) ; gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

T. N.: Akasuji-Oyokobai.

10. Tettigonia fusca Mats.

Tettigonia fusca Mats., Journ. Coll. Agr., Tohoku Univ., Sapporo,

VIE pt 5, P:-23 (orn:

Hab.—Sachalin (Corsacoff).

T. N.: Kuro-Gyokobai.

Gatt. Euacanthus Lep. et Serv.

Leprieur et Serville Enc. Meth. X. p. 612 (1825).

1. Euacanthus interruptus L.

Cicada interrupta I. Faun, Suec. p. 889 (1761).

Hab.—Sachalin, Hokkaido, Honshu ; Sibirien ; Europa.

T. N. : Kisuji-kammuri-yokobai.

2. Huacanthus nigricans Mats,

Euacanthus nigricans Mats., Journ. Coll. Agr. Tohoku Univ.

Sapporo, p. 20 (1911).

Hab.—Sachalin, Hokkaido, Honshu.

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 39

T. N.: Kuro-kammuri-yokobai.

var. pallidus n.

Blassgelblich. Stirn schwarz. Scheitel in der Mitte mit 2 sch-

warzen Flecken. Pronotum vorn und an den Seiten bräunlich gefleckt.

Andere Charaktere wie bei der Stamm-Art.

Hab.—Hokkaido, Honshu.

3. Euacanthus myakei Mats.

Euacanthus myakei Mats., Journ. Coll. Agr. Tohoku Univ. Sap-

Poro, pi 21 (1911).

Hab.—Sachalin.

T. N.: Myake-kammuri-yokobai.

4. Euacanthus oguine Mats.

Euacanthus ogume Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Tohoku Univ. Sap-

poro, p. 21 (1911).

Hab.—Sachalin.

T. N.: Oguma-kammuri-yokobai.

5, Fuacanthus acuminatus F.

Cicada acuminata F. Syst. Rhyn. p. 76 (1803).

Hab.—Honshu (Towada).

T. N.: Towada-kammuri-yokobai.

€. Euacanthus breviceps n. sp.

Schwarz. Scheitel so lang wie der Abstand zwischen den Augen,

stumpfwinklig, am Hinterrande und vor den Antennen gelblich.

Stirn gelblich, an der Spitze mit einem und unten beiderseits mit 2

schwarzen Flecken, von denen der Spitzenfleck sich als eine schmale

Linie bis zur Stirnbasis fortsetzt. Pronotum deutlich langer als die

Scheitellänge, nahe dem Vorderrande jederseits mit einer blass-

gelblichen Querbinde, an der Hinterhälfte quernadelrissig. Elytren

40 S. MATSUMARA :

viel länger als der Hinterleib; schwarz, mit 2 geraden gelblichen

Liingsstriemen, von denen die am Costalrande gelegene nach aussen

verbreitert, während die zweite an der Nahtregion gelegene sich

nach aussen verschmälert. Flügel dunkelbraun. Mesosternum, Pleurae

und Metasternum blassgelblich. Rostrum und Beine blassgelblich ;

Tibien und Tarsen vorwiegend schwärzlich. # Genitalplatten, etwa 4

mal so lang wie das letzte Bauchsegment, schmal, gegen die Spitze

hin allmälig schmäler werdend, bräunlich, hellbräunlich kurz bebor-

stet.

Länge: $ 7.5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Rinkiho); gesammelt in einem À Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

T. N. : Ikubi-kammuri-yokobai.

7. Euacanthus formosanus n. sp.

Blassgelblich. Scheitel spitzdreieckig hervorragend, deutlich länger

als der Abstand zwischen den Augen, in der Mitte nahe der Spitze

mit einem am Vorderrande etwas ausgebuchteten schwarzen Flecke,

am Schenkelrande jederseits mit einem kleineren Flecke. Stirn einfar-

big gelblich, in der Mitte jederseits mit einem schwarzen Flecke.

Pronotum gelblich, fast so lang wie die Scheitellänge, am Vorder- und

Hinterrande in der Mitte je mit einem schwarzen Fleckchen, beider-

seits am Hinterwinkel mit einem etwas grösseren Flecke. Scutellum

ohne Zeichnung. Elytren viel länger als der Leib, subhyalin, orang-

engelb ; in der Mitte von der Basis zur Spitze läuft eine nach

aussen etwas breiter werdende, bräunliche Längsbinde ; an der Spitze

bräunlich angeraucht ; die Nerven wie die Grundfarbe und nur wenig

auftretend. Flügel dunkelbraun. Unterseite und Beine gelblichweiss,

die Klauen bräunlich.

è Genitalplatten schmal, etwa 3 mal so lang wie das letzte

Bauchsegment, ein wenig nach oben gebogen, kaum behaart.

+ Letztes Bauchsegment deutlich länger als das vorhergehende

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS AI

Bauchsegment, am Hinterrande kaum ausgerandet; Scheidenpolster

lang, Legescheide noch länger und an der Spitze verbräunt.

Länge: $ $ 7-7.5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Hoppo) ; gesammelt in 3 (2 $, ı ¥) Exemplaren

vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Hoso-kammuri-yokobai.

Gatt. Epiacanthus Mats.

Matsumura, Journ. Coll. Agr. Tohoku Univ. Sapporo, p. 22

(1911).

1. Epiacanthus straminea Motsch.

Deltocephalus stramineus Motsch. Etud. Ent. p. 24 (1861).

Hab.—Sachalin, Hokkaido, Honshu ; Sibirien, Amurland.

T. N.: Futaten-togari-yokobai.

2. Epiacanthus guttiger Uhl.

Tettigonia guttiger Uhl. Proc, U. S. N. Mus. p. 294 (1896).

Hab.—Hokkaido, Honshu, Kiushu.

T. N.: Kuwa-yokobai.

var. dispar Horv.

Tettigonia guttiger var. diapar Horv. Term. Fiizet. p. 371 (1899).

Hab.—Hokkaido, auf Maulbeerbaume.

3. Epiacanthus nigritus Mats.

Epiacanthus nigritus Mats., Journ Coll. Agr. Tohoku Univ.

Sapporo, p. 22 (1911).

Hab.—Sachalin.

T. N.: Kuro-togari-yokobai.

Gatt. Ishidella n. Gen.

Der Form nach zum Teil Ze¢tigonia und zum Teil Euacanthus

ähnlich.

42 S. MATSUMURA :

Körper lang gestreckt. Kopf mit dem Augen zusammen etwas

breiter als das Pronotum. Scheitel parabolisch vorragend, ohne Mittel-

und Querleisten. Ocellen dem Hinterrande des Scheitels etwas

genähert, von einander etwas weiter entfernt als von den Augen.

Stirn in der Mitte flach, ohne Mittelkiel. Pronotum und Scutellum

ziemlich gross. Elytren länger als das Abdomen; die Nerven vor-

wiegend undeutlich punktirt; erster Sektor undeutlich, nahe der

Wurzel gegabelt, der äussere Ast nahe dem Ende abermals geteilt

und eine undeutliche längliche erste Anteapicalzelle bildend ; der 2te

Sektor der Clavalspitze verbunden mit dem Umfangsnerven durch

einen deutlichen Quernerven; am Ende vier Endzellen, von denen die

erste Zelle undeutlich ist. Flügel wie bei Ze/zgonia.

1. Ishidella albomarginata Sign.

Tettigonia albomarginata Sign. Anu. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1853, p.

347.

Tettigonia semiglauca Leth. Ann. Ent. Bruss. 1876, p. 82.

Euacanthus angustatus Uhl. Proc. U. S. N. Mus. 1896, p. 293.

Hab.— Hokkaido, Honshu, Kiushu, Formosa ; Sibirien, China, Malay,

Neu Holland.

T. N.: Mayejiro-oyokobai.

Form und Zeichung sehr veränderlich. In Formosa kommt sie

häufig vor, und ist aller verschiedenen Kulturpflanzen schädlich.

Gatt. Tylozygoides n. gen.

Der Form nach Zy/ozygus Fieb. etwas ähnlich. Scheitel in

der Mitte mit einer Längsleiste, welche von einer undeutlichen Quer-

leiste durchkreuzt wird. Ocellen dem Hinterrande etwas genähert,

gleich entfernt von den Augen und der Mitte des Scheitels. Stirn

ziemlich hoch gewölbt, ohne Mittelkiel. Der erste Sektor der Decken

nahe der Wurzel gabelig geteilt; ohne Anteapicalzelle; em Ende

mit einer Reihe von 4 Endzellen, von denen die vierte sehr gross und

DIE DICADINEN JAPANS 43

lang ist. Der Nervenverlauf auf der Flügel fast wie bei Zeztigonia.

Diese Gattung weicht von Zylozygus in den folgenden Charaktere ab:

i. Scheitel viel länger.

ii. Unterhalb der Fühlergrube bis zum Clypeus ohne Schwiele.

iii. Ocellen mehr an einander genähert.

iv. Der dritte Sektor der Flügel verbunden mit dem zweiten

durch einen Schiefen Quernerv, während derselbe bei Zylozygus ganz

frei ist.

1. Tylozygoides artemisiue n. sp.

à Oben schwarz, bläulich bestäubt, unten einfarbig hellgelb.

Scheitel dunkel, am Vorderrande parabolisch abgerundet, kiirzer als

der Abstand zwischen den Augen, in der Mitte eine gegen die Spitze

hin verbreiterte gelbe Längslinie, die. fast in der Mitte durch einen

gelben kurzen Querstrich gekreuzt wird. Am Uebergange zur Stirn

befinden sich an den Seiten drei gebogene gelbliche Schrigsstrichen.

Stirn bei einigen Exemplaren in der Mitte gegen die Spitze hin mit

einem breiten kurzen dunklen Striche versehen ; die gelblichen Striche

nur an den Seiten sichtbar. Pronotum sehr fein: querrunzelig. Scutel-

lum gelb, mit Ausrahme der dunklen Wurzel und Spitze. Decken

schwarz, bläulich bestäubt, am Vorderrande mit zahlreichen subhyalinen

weissgelblichen Fleckchen, in der Mitte mit einem grossen und in

jeder Apicalzelle mit einem. kleinen hyalinen Flecke. Hinterflügel

dunkel. Beine hellgelb, Klauen schmütziggelb.

$ Genitalklappe fehlt; Genitalplatten schmal, säbelförmig, auf-

warts gebogen, am Ende zugespitzt. Die fast kegelformigen und am

Ende abgerundeten Vorragungen des Rückensegmentes so lang wie

die Genitalplatten.

2 Letztes Bauchsegment 3 mal so lang wie das vorhergehende,

am Hinterrande abgerundet.

| Lange: $ 2 5.5-6 mm.

Hab.—Hokkaido, Honshu, Formosia ; gesammelt in zahlreichen

Exemplaren auf Arzemisia-Arten vom Verfasser.

44 S. MATSUMURA :

T. N.: Yomogi-öyokobai.

Gatt. Onukia n. Gen.

Scheitel langkonisch, in der Mitte und an den Seiten ziemlich

hoch gekielt, auch am Randschenkel mit einem deutlichen Kiele,

welcher mit dem Seitenkiele ein schmales Dreieck umschliesst. Ocellen

ausser dem Seitenkiel nahe der Mitte. Stirn konisch, gewölbt, in der

Mitte mit einem Längskiele, an den Seiten je mit einer Reihe von

Querfurchen. Clypeus etwa 1/3 so lang wie die Stirn, gegen die

Spitze hin etwas verschmilert ; Zügel schmal ; Pronotum und Scutellum

von fast gleicher Länge, aber etwas kürzer als der Scheitel. Elytren

deutlich länger als das Abdomen; N. cub. externus etwa am zweiten

Dritteln der Flügel gegabelt ; 2 ter Sektor fast in der Mitte durch einem

Quernerven mit den 3ten verbunden ; mit einer Area anteapicalis und

vier Area apicalis. Flügel mit fast gleichem Nervenverlauf wie bei

Tettigonia, nur die Quernerven noch mehr die Mitte des Flügels

annähernd.

1.. Onukia onukii n. sp.

Schwarz. Scheitel längsrunzelig, in der Mitte convex, 13-mal

so lang wie der Abstand zwischen den Augen, vor dem Auge je mit

einem gelblichen Bogenflecke. Antennen gelblich. Clypeus und Zügel

mit Ausnahme der Basis und Rostrum gelblich. Pronotum etwas

kürzer als die Scheitellänge, querrunzelig. Scutellum in der Mitte

vertieft, etwas heller als die Grundfärbung. Elytren schwarz, der

Costaldrittel weisslich subhyalin, gegen die Basis hin allmälig schmal

werdend, in der Mitte mit einem schwärzlichen Schrägs-striche, am

Apicalvierteln mit einem weisslichen Querflecke, die Umgebung der

Clavalspitze meistens weisslich. Flügel dunkel; Brust, Bauch und

Beine weisslichgelb ; Klauen hellbraunlich. Abdominalrücken schwarz;

die Ränder und die Basis gelblichweiss.

$ Genitalplatten schmal, etwas nach oben gebogen, weisslich

beborstet.

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 45

2 Letztes Bauchsegment in der Mitte schwarz, am Hinterrande

gerade; Scheidenpolster dunkelbraun, hellbräunlich behaart, Lege-

scheide braun.

Länge: 4 2 3.5-6 mm.

Hab.—Hokkaido, Honshu, Kiushu ; gesammelt in zahlreichen Ex-

emplaren vom Verfasser.

Diese Art wurde auch von Herrn Fruhstorfer in Tonkin er-

beutet.

T. N.: Onukiyokobai.

2. Onukia arisana n. sp.

. Der Zeichnung nach O. onukii sehr ähnlich, weicht, aber von

dieser in den folgenden Charakteren ab:

i. Scheitel längsnadelrissig, viel tiefer ausgehöhlt und in der

Mitte nicht convex.

ii. Clypeus, Zügel und Wangen ganz schwarz.

iii. Pronotum gröber querrunzelig, deutlich punktirt.

iv. Scutellum an der Basalhälfte grob runzelig.

v. Elytren deutlich punktirt, Costalfeld fast bis zum Ende weiss-

lich subhyalin, nahe der Spitze beim $ mit einem und beim $ mit

zwei dunklen Flecken.

vi Hintertibien an der Spitze dunkel.

vii. $ Genitalklappe gelblichweiss, fast gerade, jede etwas länger

als bei onzkzz.

2 Scheidenpolster und Legescheide viel länger als bei onukzz.

Länge: $ 6 mm., 2 7 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Arisan, Toroen); gesammelt in 2 ($ ?) Exem-

plaren vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Mayejiro-onukiyokybai.

3. Onukia flavifrons n. sp.

Der Zeichnung und der Form nach O. onukii sehr ähnlich, unter-

46 S MATSUMURA:

scheidet sich aber von dieser in den folgenden Punkten :

i. Scheitel kürzer, nicht so zugespitzt wie bei owuki; in der

Mitte mit einer nach der Basis zu verbreiterten weissgelblichen Längs-

linie, welche sich in den breiten gelblichen Pronotallängsfleck fort-

setzt.

ii. Gesicht ganz gelblich.

iii. Pronotum feiner quernadelrissig.

iv. Scutellum gelblich, am Basalwinkel jederseits weit ausgedehnt

dunkel.

v. Elytren schwärzlichbraun, Clavus schmutziggelb, am zweiten

Dritteln des Costalfeldes weisslich subhyalin, an der Spitze dunkel aber

heller an der Innenseite.

vi. $ Letztes Bauchsegment in der Mittel nicht verbräunt ;

Scheidenpolster an der Basis schmutziggelb, kürzer als die Legescheide.

Länge: 2 6 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Rinkiho, Toroen) ; gesammelt in 2 (2? 2) Exem-

plaren vom Verfasser.

T. N. : Sesuji-onukiyokobai.

Catt. Oniella n. Gen.

Type: Oniella leucocephala Mats.

Zu dieser Gattung gehört auch Zeitigomia honesta und excelsa

Melich,, Ann. ’M. 2. St-ePet. pP. 725-1327.(1902)

Kopf mit den Augen zusammen so breit wie der Hinterrand des

Pronotums. Scheitel lang, 5-eckig, nicht gekielt, am Schenkelrande

schwach gekielt, vor dem Auge am breitesten, stumpfwinklig vor-

ragend und nahe dem Winkel jederseits mit einer Ocelle. Stirn

längs in der Mitte deutlich gekielt, nahe der Mitte etwas gewölbt;

Zügel schmal. Pronotum so lang wie der Scheitel, am Hinterrande

schwach bogig ausgerandet. Scutellum so lang wie das Pronotum, in

der Mitte mit einer Querfurche. Decken lang, ohne Randanhang.

Die Sektoren undeutlich, nur durch Punktenreihen angedeutet ; keine

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 47

Quernerven ausser Apicalquernerven ; Endzellen 4, der Costalquernerv

fast gerade. Flügel fast wie bei Oxukia, nur die Mittelquernerven

etwas mehr der Spitze angenähert. Beine wie bei Orrkia.

1. Oniella leucocephala n. sp.

Weisslichgelb. Pronotum und Scutellum schwärzlich. Scheitel

etwas linger als der Abstand zwischen den ‘Augen, fast flach, in der

Mitte etwas concav. Pronotum glatt, sehr fein nadelrissig. Scutellum

an der Spitze gelblich, in der Mitte sehr fein runzelig. Elytren viel

länger als das Abdomen, schwarz; beim $ 2 ovale weissliche Flecke

auf der Naht der zusammengeschlossenen Decken. Costalfeld, die

Spitze ausgenommen, ziemlich weit ausgedehnt weisslich subhyalin ;

an der Spitzenhilfte mit 3 schwarzen Schrägsbinden ; beim % die

schwarze Flecke und Binden sind viel kleiner und schmäler, während

die Spitze hellgelblich ist, auf drittem Apicalquernerven ein bräunliches

Fleckchen. Flügel am Apicaldritteln dunkel, beim ? nur an der Spitze

angeraucht. Beine weisslichgelb, Hintertibien an der Spitze und die

ganze Klauen dunkelbraun. $ Genitalplatten dunkel, an der Basal-

hälfte weisslich, lang, Apical-zweidrittel schmal, nach oben gebogen,

weisslich behaart.

? Letztes Bauchsegment zweimal so lang wie das vorhergehende,

am Hinterrande gerade. Scheidenpolster an der Spitze schwärzlich,

Legescheide atwa 1/3 länger als die Scheidenpolster ; der hervor-

ragende Teil hellbräunlich.

Eange: % 5.5 mm, 2 7 mm.

Hab.—Hokkaido, Honshu und Kiushu ; gesammelt in zahlreichen

Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

In der Zeichnung O. honesta Melich. sehr ähnlich,

T. N. : Shirozu-dyokobai.

2. Oniella niisimae n. sp.

Der Zeichnung und der Form nach O. /eucocephala sehr ähnlich,

48 S. MATSUMURA :

weicht aber in den folgenden Punkten ab:

i. 2 Viel kleiner.

ii. Pronotum weisslichgelb, nur am Hinterrande bräunlich.

iii. Elytren schwarz, an der Clavalspitze mit einem weisslichen

Flecke ; bei zusammengeschlossenen Decken ein ovaler Fleck; die

Basis der Costa und die Spitzenhälfte der Elytren gelblichweiss

subhyalin, nahe der Spitze am Costalrande mit 2 schwarzen Quer-

strichen; an der Spitze bräunlich, am Rande schwärzlich, auf dem

dritten Apicalquernerven mit einem schwärzlichen Flecke, welcher an

der Aussenseite mit einem hyalinen Fleckchen versehen ist. Flügel

weisslich subhyalin, an der Spitze dunkel.

Die übrigen Charaktere fast wie bei O. Zeucocephala.

Lange: $ 6 mm.

Hab.—Hokkaido (Jozankei); gesammelt in zwei 2: Exemplaren

von Herrn Prof. Y. Niisima.

T. N.: Niisima-oyokobai.

Gatt. Penthimia Germ.

Germar, Mag. IV. p. 46 (1821).

1. Penthimia nitida Leth.

Penthimia nitida Leth., Ann. Ent. Bruss. p. 82 (1876).

Ilab.—Honshu, Shikoku, Kiushu ; Sibirien.

T. N.: Kuro-maruyokobai.

var. matkensis n.

Kôrper kleiner und kürzer als die typische Art. Pronotum, Scut-

ellum und Elytren vorwiegend gelblichbraun, bei einem Exemplare

die Mitte des Pronotums mit einer weissgelblichen Querbinde versehen.

Scutellum an der Spitze und an den Seiten weisslichgelb. Vorder-

schenkel an der Spitze und Vordertibien oben weisslichgelb.

Hab.—Honshu (Maiko, Fuji); gesammelt in 2 $ Exemplaren vom

Verfasser.

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS | 49

2. Penthimia formosana n. sp.

Der Form nach P. »itida Leth. ähnlich, unterscheidet sich aber

wie folgt :

i. Körper viel schmäler, in der Mitte kaum verbreitert ; Färbung

matt.

ii. Scheitel dichter punktirt, am Uebergange zur Stirn viel

gröber und weniger querrunzelig.

iii. Pronotum grob querrunzelig, nicht glänzend.

iv. Scuttellum überall deutlich punktirt, ohne weissliche Punkte.

v. Elytren fein-körnig punktirt, hellbräunlich ziemlich dicht und

kurz behaart, in der Mitte nicht verbreitert; die Membran an der

Spitze hellgelblichbraun.

vi. © Letztes Bauchsegment am Hinterrande in der Mitte konisch

hervorragend und an den Seiten 2 rundliche Ausbuchtungen dar-

bietend.

ange: 2 5 mm:

_ Hab.—Formosa (Shoka, Tappan, Horisha, Koshun) ; gesammelt in

4 $ Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Taiwan-maruyokobai.

3. Penthimia guttula n. sp.

Gelblichbraun, unten schwarz. Scheitel spärlich fein-punktiert, am

Uebergange zur Stirn grob querrunzelig ; vor der Ocelle meistens mit

einer schwärzlichen Querbinde. Pronotum fast glatt, sehr undeutlich

querrunzelig, am Vorderrande ein wenig ausgedehnt schwarzlich ; auch

hinter der Mitte jederseits mit einem schwarzen Punkte. Scutellum

meistens schwarz, feinkörnig punktirt, am Spitzendritteln mit 3 schmalen

Querfurchen, an der Spitze und an den Seiten hellbräunlich gefleckt.

Elytren hellgelblichbraun und schwärzlich reticulirt, nahe der Mitte

verbreitert, an der Spitze subhyalin ; das Geäder bräunlich. Beine

schwarz, Schenkelspitzen und Mitteltibien oben gelblich. Bauch

vorwiegend gelblichbraun, hie und da bräunlich gefleckt.

50 S. MATSUMURA :

% Genitalklappe sehr kurz, undeutlich. Genitalplatten zusammen

kurz-dreieckig, zugespitzt, an der Spitze nach oben gebogen ; letztes

Rückensegment breit, fast rechtwinklig ausgebuchtet, die seitlichen

Lappen so lang wie die Genitalplatten.

2 Letztes Bauchsegment fast wie bei P. formosana.

Lange: 7 25 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Horisha, Rinkiho, Taipin, Kuyania und Tappan) ;

gesammelt in 5 (1 À 4 2) Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

Der Zeichnung und Form nach P. nifida var. maikænsis etwas

ähnlich.

T. N. : Chairo-maruyokobai.

4. Penthimia flavinotum n. sp.

Glänzend schwarz. Scheitel sehr spärlich fein punktirt, am Ueber-

gange zur Stirn sehr fein querrunzelig ; hinter der Ocelle eine schmale

Querfurche. Pronotum gelb, am Vorderrande schwarz, die schwarze

Region am Hinterrande mit zwei Vorragungen ; überrall sehr fein

querrunzelig. Scutellum an der Vorderhälfte runzelig punktirt, an der

Hinterhälfte am Rande gelblich, in der Mitte querrunzelig. Elytren

schmutziggelb, glänzend ; die Nerven hellbräunlich, hie und da mit

zerstreuten undeutlichen hellgelichen Fleckchen markirt. Beine schwarz,

Schenkel an der Spitze gelblich.

2 Letztes Bauchsegment am Hinterrande wie bei P. formosana, -

aber die mittlere Vorragung deutlich kürzer.

Länge: 2 4.5 mm.

Hab.—Formosa ; gesammelt in einem Exemplare vom Verfasser.

T. N. : Kiobi-maruyokobai.

5. Penthimia thee n. sp.

Hellgraubraun, etwas grün einspielend, unten schwarz. Scheitel

gelblichbraun, deutlich kürzer als das Pronotum, hinter der Ocelle eine

obgige Querfurche ; vor dieser Querfurche sehr fein querrunzelig ;

DIE CICADINEN JAPANS 51

braunlich sehr fein reticulirt. Pronotum undeutlich, sehr fein quer-

runzelig, mit feinen wellenartigen Querstrichen bräunlicher Farbe.

Scutellum netzartig bräunlich fein gefleckt. Elytren weisslichgrau,

subhyalin, hie und da gruppenweise mit schwärzlichen Atomen ge-

sprenkelt, Clavalspitze so wie die erste und dritte Anteapicalzelle je

mit einem schwarzen Fleckchen ; Nerven hellgelblich, schwärzlich

scheckirt. Bauch an den Seiten rôtlichgelb, bei einem Exemplare

der Bauch vorwiegend gelblich. Beine schwarz; Schenkelspitzen,

Tibien und Tarsen vorwiegend gelblich ; Vordertibien schwärzlich

punktirt, Mitteltibien an der Basis schwarz ; Hintertibien schwarz,

Hintertarsen an der Spitze jedes Gliedes schwärzlich.

d Genitalklappe kurz, am Rande abgerundet ; Genitalplatten

schmutziggelb, zusammen an der Spitze abgerundet, fast halbkreis-

förmig.

2 Letztes Bauchsegment 4 mal länger als das vorhorgehende,

am Hinterrande fast gerade; Scheidenpolster an den Seiten gelblich,

2 mal länger als das letzte Bauchsegment ; Legescheide an der Spitze

weisslichgelb.

Länge: è ? 3.5-4 mm.

Hab.—Formosa (Ampeichin) ; gesammelt in 5 (2 $ 3 $) Exem-

plaren auf 7%ea-pflanzen vom Verfasser.

T. N.: Cha-maruyokobai.

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On the system of Phyllophorinæ with descrip-

tions of the species found in Japan.

Hiroshi Ohshima, Rigakushi.

With Plate I and 7 textfigures.

Having discovered in the Holothurian material at my disposal a

number of specimens referable to the interesting species Pseudocucumis

japonicus (BELL), my attention was directed to the comparative study

of tentaculation in the so-called ‘‘ polychirotous” Cucumarids. In the

present paper will be given my views concerning the system of the

group, arrived at from my studies, to be followed with descriptions of

the species found in the Japanese waters.

I. On Tentaculation and its Bearing on the

System of Cucumariide.

1. Observations.

i. Pseudocucumis africanus (SEMPER).

A goodly number of specimens belonging to this species stood at

my disposal, so that my observations on tentaculation were made

chiefly on it.

In regard to number, size and arrangement of tentacles in this

species, records have been given by LUDWIG [24, p. 1237, Taf. XV.,

Fig. 16; 26, p. 96, Fig. 11], BEDFORD [4, p. 844, figs. HI, B—E]

and MITSUKURI [82, textfig. 52]. According to these authors, the

two small tentacles, situated in a pair in the midventral radius, are

either equal to each other in size and stand side by side, or are of

different sizes, in which case the smaller is situated at a position

54 WIROSHI OHSHIMA :

inner to the larger. With regard to this point I have examined

thirty-seven individuals, in all which the arrangement of tentacles,

with their well protruded oral parts, could be easily made out. Of

them there were found only two individuals which showed a mid-

ventral pair of small tentacles of about equal size, standing side by

side. One of these individuals was abnormal in that it possessed an

extra tentacle, making in all twenty-one tentacles. In all the remain-

ing thirty-five specimens, I have invariably found the tentacles re-

gularly arranged in a way which differed from the statements of the

three authors mentioned above.

Of the twenty tentacles they possess, ten are large, five medium-

sized, and the remaining five small. Each pair of the large tentacles

(textfig. 1, D,, V,, R; and L,) is interradial in position and alternates

with a pair which consists of a medium-sized (D, or R,) and a small

(V, or L,) tentacle. In the paired lateral radii the small tentacle (V,)

stands always ventral to the medium-sized (D,), while in the mid-

ventral radius the small one (L,) is situated to the left of a

medium-sized (R,). This agrees with OSTERGREN’s description of his

Pseudocucumis mixta |33, p. 135, and 86, p. 3], excepting the fact

that in my specimens the five small tentacles form an inner circle to

the remaining fifteen.

As to the position of the anterior notch in each radial segment

of the calcareous ring of the species, SEMPER [42, p. 53] remarked

that it is situated “auf einer Seite” in each of the paired radial

segments, but in the midventral segment so as to divide this into

two equal halves. But for my specimens of Ps. africanus I have

found OSTERGREN’s statements as regards the anterior notches in his

Ps. mixta [86, p. 5] to hold true in essential points. The anterior

end of each radial segment of the calcareous ring is divided by a

deep notch, through which the radial canal and nerve pass, into

two unequal halves, one broader than the other (textfig. 4). Again,

each of the two halves has on its anterior margin a slight: incision or

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORIN ZA. 55

notch corresponding to the canals of the smaller tentacles. In the

paired radial segments the broader half is always dorsal to the

narrower. The unpaired midventral radial segment is congruent in

form with the segments of the right side, that is to say, the broader

half of it lies to the right of the narrower (textfig. 1).

The manner of branching of tentacular canals, as made out from

serial sections through pharyngeal mass of several specimens, seems

to be as follows :—

Each radial canal, or the “main canal” as THÉEL has called

it [45, p. 135], gives off alternately four tentacular canals (textfig. 1).

The first tentacular canal branches out dorsad in paired radii, and to

the right in the midventral radius. The second arises on the opposite

side at a point just slightly anterior to the point where the first is

given off, directed ventrad in paired radii but to the left in the

midventral radius. These two canals run nearly transversely, and

approaching the margin of radial segments, open each into an ex-

panded part of the tentacular canal by a narrow orifice guarded by

the ventilative apparatus or “semilunar valves” in a manner similar

to that described for Cucumaria planci (BRANDT) by HEROUARD

[15, pp. 580—583]. That expanded part of the canals communicates

with the large tentacles (D,, V,, R, and L,), and is interposed

between a radial segment and an adjoining interradial segment. The

third branch, which is smaller than the two preceding and supplies

the medium-sized tentacles (D, and R,), leaves the radial canal a

short distance anterior to the point where the second canal branches

out. In paired radii this stands dorsal to, and in the midventral

radius to the right of, the respective radial canal. The fourth, which

is the smallest of the four branches, is given off a very short distance

from the third branch on the opposite side. This supplies the

smallest tentacles forming the inner circle (V, and L,). The third

and the fourth branches run forwards, each with the ventilative

apparatus in its course, over the incisions in the anterior margin of

56 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

radial segments. Exceptionally there seems to exist cases in which

the branches are given off in a way different from that described

above, and that especially with regard to the first and the second

branches.

ii. Phyllophorus japonicus (v. MARENZELLER), Ph. fragilis, sp.

n., and Orcula hypsipyrga v. MARENZELLER.

All these three species have twenty tentacles, which agree well

with same of Pseudocucumis africanus in size and arrangement. In

them, as in Ps. mixta, the radial segments of calcareous ring shew

on the axial surface slight depressions corresponding to the course of

tentacular canals. The branching of these canals takes place in

closely similar way as in Ps. africanus, so that a detailed description

seems unnecessary. Only it may be noted that in PA. japonicus the

anterior margin of each radial calcareous segment is divided into two

halves which are subequal or slightly unequal in breadth (textfig.

By a):

ili. Pseudocucumis japonicus (BELL).

Of this species BEDFORD [4, p. 844, figs. II, A—b] has given

diagrams showing size and arrangement of tentacles in the two

original specimens. Should the blank spaces in his figure II, A——

the one in the midventral and the other in the left ventral radius

be filled up each with a large tentacle, that figure will be made to

greatly resemble the diagram I have given below (textfig. 2).

Of the several specimens of the species examined by me, all had

twenty-five tentacles, except a single abnormal case with twenty-six

of them. The large tentacles, ten in number, are disposed inter-

radially in five pairs (textfig. 2, D,, Vj, R, and L,), with which

alternate singly standing medium-sized tentacles numbering five in all

(D, and R,). The remaining ten small tentacles are arranged in five

radially situated pairs (V2, D., L, and R;), forming an inner circle to

that of the other fifteen. The only difference from the previous cases.

of species with twenty tentacles, lies in the addition of five small

VA.

PHYLLOPHORI

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58 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

tentacles (D,, R,) to the inner circle, a new small tentacle appearing

close to each of the five medium-sized ones, in paired radii dorsally

to, and in the midventral radius to the right of, the old small

tentacle (V, or L,).

The anterior part of radial calcareous segments shows some

features different from those of the preceding species. A deep

indentation divides the anterior edge into two; unequal or asym-

metrical halves much as in Ps. africanus (textfig. 2). The two

halves have obliquely slanting edge and each of them shows a slight

notch. On the larger half, close to the deep median indentation,

there is again another small notch (textfig. 3, a).

It can be plainly made out from sections that each tentacle is

supplied with the five tentacular canals branching from the radial

canal in an alternate arrangement. Aside from the presence of a

fifth distalmost branch in each radius, the tentacular canals arise in a

way similar to that in the twenty-tentacled species mentioned above.

The small distalmost branch, which communicates with the fifth

small tentacle, arises, in paired radii dorsally from, and in midventral

radius to the right of, each radial canal. The smallest notch on the

larger half of the divided margin of each radial calcareous segment

stands in relation with the small distalmost tentacular canal just

referred to (textfig. 2, D, and R,).

2. Observations on previous records

regarding tentaculation,

The size and arrangement of tentacles in Pseudocucumis acicula

(SEMPER), Ps. africanus, Ps. japonicus, Phyllophorus dearmatus

DENDY & HINDLE and Ph. holothurioides LUDWIG have been

diagrammatically figured by previous authors, as LUDWIG [20, Taf,

VL, Figg. 17,23; 24; Lat’ XV, Kis: ros and 26 peo isdn

12], BEDFORD [4, p. 844, figs. I—III], and DENDY & HINDLE [9, p.

104, fig. A]. But none of them have given an account of the

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ. 59%

internal organization with reference to the arrangement of tentacless

As to ‘the relation between the notches of radial calcareous:

segments and tentacular canals, SEMPER [42, p. 67] has stated for

his Zhyonidium cebuense (=Phyllophorus cebuensis) as follows :—,, Der:

Zwischenriumen zwischen den radialen und interradialen Gliedern:

entsprechen die grossen Tentakel, die kleineren stehen auf kleinen -

Einschnitten der radialen Glieder, welche einen 3. Ausschnitt für

das Radiärgefäss und den Nerv zwischen sich fassen.“ More precise

statements about the relations between tentacular arrangement, the

canals and the anterior notches of radial calcareous segments are

found in ÖSTERGREN’s work [36, p. 4 with Fig. 1]. According to.

him, in Pseudocucumis mixta, the canals which join the two smaller

tentacles in each radius, pass over slight notches on the two unequal!

processes of the radial segment. Though no mention is made as to

the mode of branching of the four tentacular canals, it can be

clearly seen from his figure that each radial canal gives off four

tentacular canals in a regularly alternate manner on both sides, and

that the smallest branch is given off last and goes over the narrower

process of radial segments. Further, the same author has tried to

show: from LupwIc’s figure of the calcareous ring of Orcula tenera

[26, Taf. VI, Fig. 17]* that the five small tentacles, which we see

in twenty-tentacled forms, are there totally absent, and that the

narrower half of the radial segment is pointed at the anterior end,

instead of being notched. The third tentacular canal which stands

in connection with each of the five small tentacles, is given off from

the radial canal dorsally in paired radii, and to the right in the

midventral radius. If we carefully look into the numerous figures

given by various authors of the calcareous ring of polychirotous

Cucumarids, it will be found that the statements of OSTERGREN for

Pseudocucumis and Orcula with regard to the relation between the

* See also Lupwia 25, p. 813, and Taf. XXX., Fig. 20.

60 i HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

anterior notches and tentacular canals are equally applicable for some

other species, as f. i. Pseudocucumis acicula [LUDWIG 20, Taf. VI,

Fig. 17], Phyllophorus cebuensis [THEEL 46, PI. IX., fig. 4; LUDWIG

26, Taf. VI., Fig. 10], Ph. frauenfeldi LUDWIG [20, Taf. VI, Fig.

22], Ph, holothurioides [LUDWIG 20, Fig. 23], and PA. celer KOEHLER

et VANEY [17, PI. I., fig. 24]. Judging from SLUITER’s figure of the

calcareous ring of his Orcula purpureo-punctata [44, Taf. VI, Fig.

15], which clearly shows the presence of three notches in each radial

segment, it seems highly probable that in that form there exist

twenty tentacles, of which five were probably overlooked on account

ef their very small size. Also LUDWIG’s statement [25, p. 814] that

the anterior part of the calcareous ring of his Phyllophorus brocki is

exactly similar in form to that in Orcula tenera, leaves room for

suspecting if he has not overlooked a small notch at top of the

narrower process of radial segment.

Here it may be stated that in the Molpadiida the fifteen

tentacles present are usually given off in the same manner as in

Orcula. LUDWIG [28, p. 590] has stated in his work on Ankyroderma

anusculus (RISSO) that the branching of tentacular canals stands in

intimate relation to the form of calcareous ring. Each radial canal

should give off three tentacular canals in an alternate manner, and in

paired radii the first and the third are always dorsally directed. The

midventral radial canal should usually send out the first and the

third tentacular canal to the right, but occasionally to the left.

GEROULD [14, pp. 161—162] came to the same conclusion from his

examination of Caudina arenata (GOULD). LUDWIG [26, pp. 87—88]

and OSTERGREN [86, p. 4 and 87, p. 208] took the above branching

mode as valid in all the forms of the family. CLARK [8, p. 137] has

stated that “there are not three (tentacles) in each interradius, as

might be supposed, but four in the middorsal interradius, three in

each of the latero-dorsal interradii, three in one of the ventral

änterradii, and two in the other.”

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORIN AS. 61

EDWARDS’ statement concerning Holothuria floridana POURTALES

[11, p. 251] seems to be suggestive of the fact that in twenty-tentacled

Holothurids a supernumerary and the last acquired tentacle stands

usually dorsal to the radial canal: thus, he says: “In the 7 cases

with more than the normal 20 tentacles there appears a slight

tendency to the addition of extra tentacles dorsally.”

3. General consideration regarding the

multiplication of tentacles.

On the basis of the data given above, it seems not unwarranted

to conclude that the multiplication of tentacles takes place, at least

in the group of the polychirotous Cucumarids, according to a general

plan, as follows :—

All the tentacular canals spring from the radial canal separately

and alternately on both sides. In paired radii the first or the

proximalmost tentacular canal branches out from the radial canal on

the dorsal side; the second stands opposite to the first, 2. e. on

the ventral side; the third is again on the same side as the first,

and so on. In the midventral radius the canals usually branch out

in a way congruent with those in radii of the right side, z. e. the

first, the third, efc. are on the right, while the second, the fourth,

etc. are on the left side. The more distal the branching point, the

smaller is the diameter of the canal and the size of the tentacle it

belongs to, and the nearer is the position of the tentacle to the

median line of radius. ei

For the sake of convenience, the tentacles to which the first and

second tentacular canals belong, may be called tentacles of the first

order, and those in relation with the third and fourth canals, tentacles

of the second order, and so on. Thus, when a certain Cucumarid is

said to have tentacles of the first and second orders only, it denotes

that there exist either fifteen or twenty tentacles in that form. The

so-called . “ decachirotous” forms, such as Cucumaria and Thyone,

62 “HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

have tentacles of the first order only;'"the first and ‘second’ tentacular

canals on each radial canal branching out exactly opposite to each

other.

Here I may ‘add a remark* ‘with ıegard to Pseudocucumis

intercedens LAMPERT, the only species with thirty tentacles among

the Dendrochirotes: According to LUDWIG [23, p. 26], twenty of the

tentacles are larger. than the remaining ten, which form an inner

circle and stand in pairs, the pairs. recurring regularly at intervals

of every four large tentacles. I am strongly inclined to think that

the above enunciation is applicable to this case also. I assume that

here each radial canal gives rise to Six tentacular canals, 7. e., one

in addition to the five tentacular canals to each radial canal of

twenty-five-tentacled forms such as Ps. japonicus (textfig. 2). That

additional tentacular canal is probably the distalmost or the sixth

branch arising from radial canal next after, and on the opposite of,

the fifth. Should this be the case, it might be expected that there

exists, in each radial calcareous segment (23, Taf. I, Fig. 2], a

small notch on each of the two processes forming between themselves

the deep median indentation.

4, Order of appearance of tentacles in ontogeny.

LUDWIG [80] appears to be the only author who has given any

attention to the development of tentacles in polychirotous Cucumarids.

For Phyllophorus urna GRUBE, he briefly stated that, so far as the

first seven tentacles are concerned, the order of their appearance is

similar to that he had observed in Cucumaria planct (27, pp.

183—184].* In the latter species he discovered that ,,die beiden

Fühler der beiden ventralen Interradien ihre Wasserkanäle vom

mittleren ventralen Radialkanal erhalten, während der Fühler des

mittleren dorsalen, sowie derjenige des linken dorsalen Interradius

* See also diagrams given by BEcHER 2, Taf. XXXVI., Fig. 43 or 3, p. 407, Fig. Da

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORIN ©. 63

vom linken dorsalen Radialkanal und endlich der Fühler des rechten

dorsalen Interradius vom rechten dorsalen Radialkanal versorgt

werden.“ *...., Der sechste und .siebenté‘* continues the author,

„liegen in Bezug auf die Medianebene der Holothurie einander genau

gegenüber und erhalten ihre Wasserkanäle von denjenigen beiden

Radialkanälen, welche sich bisdahin an der Abgabe von Fühlerkanälen

überhaupt noch nicht betheiligt hatten, nämlich von dem linken

ventralen und dem rechten ventralen.“.>::, „Beide : Radialkanäle

entsenden den neuen Fühlerkanal in dorsaler Richtung, also in den

linken, - bez. rechten ‘dorsalen : Interradius.“ The pairs of primary

tentacles, given off from the left dorsal and the midventral radial

canal, are each made up. of exactly opposite and equal-sized

tentacles ; therefore it can not be determined whether these appeared

simultaneously or not, and if the latter be the case, which appeared

first. At any rate, from the fact that the right dorsal radial canal

gives off the first tentacular canal ventrally, it may be inferred- that

the order of appearance of tentacular- canals does not correspond with

their manner of. branching’ in the adult.

Of great interest.is EDWARDS’ observation [12, pp. 216—220] on

Holothuria floridana that, in each radius, the tentacle which corres-

ponds to the first in polychirotous forms invariably. appears first,

while that corresponding to. the fourth appears last. Moreover, the

order .of appearance. of the four tentacular canals from the midventral

radial canal is exactly in agreement with the branching order seen

in Pseudocucumis. africanus.

5. Systematic value of tentaculation in

the Cucumariideæ.

The characters made: use of for distinguishing genera and species

* Strangely enough a quite contradictory statement was made by the. same: author at

another place, to the effect that the right dorsal radial canal gives off a tentacular canal

» nur an seiner dorsalen Seite“ [27, p. 608].

64 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

of the Cucumariidz have hitherto been principally the number, size

and arrangement of tentacles, the distribution of pedicels and papilla,

and the structure of calcareous deposits in the perisome as well as of

the calcareous ring. The presence or absence of the posterior

prolongations in radial calcareous segments seems to be scarcely of

more than specific import, though their presence in association

with the prolonged “main canals”? seems to be very frequent in the

sporadipodous forms, such as Zhyone and Phyllophorus. I should

think the construction plan of calcareous deposits in perisome may be

of use for the distinction of genera or subgenera; however, we

have as yet, as OSTERGREN has said [37, p. 212], no sufficient data

in that regard to avail of. That the anterior notches in the radial

calcareous segments are in close relation with the number, size and

arrangement of tentacles, was first pointed out to be of importance in

classification by OSTERGREN [86, p. 5].

As a result of my studies I have come to see that, at least

within the subfamily Phyllophorinæ, the ordinal rank of the tentacles

present—not a mere statement of their number—taken in conjunction

with the anterior notches in the radial calcareous segments, is of

greater importance than the distribution of pedicels and papillz in

distinguishing genera.

The distribution of pedicels and papillz often varies very much

according to individuals or to age in one and the same species.

Both the genera Semperia LAMPERT and Ocnus FORBES present in

that respect no distinct demarcation against the genus Czcumaria,

and therefore must be included in the latter [LUDWIG, 26, p. 345].

HEROUARD [16, p. 9] has shown that young Cucumaria mendax

THEEL has five rows of pedicels, as is said to be characteristic of

Ocnus, but older jindividuals of that species resemble Semperia in

that they possess additional pedicels scattered in a few number on

interambulacra. <A similar fact is also seen in C. veg@ THEEL [46,

p. 114]. According to LAMPERT [19, p. 61], Orcula cucumiformis

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORIN, 65

SEMPER has interambulacra either provided with pedicels in scattered

distribution or totally devoid of these.

On the other hand, there are reasons to think that the number

and arrangement of tentacles are something which is more constant

than the distribution of pedicels and papille. The fact that, except

in the Synaptidæ, the tentacles attain their full complement of number

relatively early in the postembryonal development, is known from

several cases of Holothurians, but unfortunately not from any

polychirotous form.

All previous records of Cucumarid species said to possess ten-

tacles in a number other than multiples of five, excepting the eight-

tentacled Spherothuria bitentaculata LUDWIG [29, pp. 148—149], are

presumably based either on specimens which had accidentally lost

some of their tentacles or on otherwise insufficient observations. It

seems only fair to assume that except in abnormal individuals there

can be no really congenital deviation of tentacle number from a

multiple of five.

The two specimens of Pseudocucumis Japonicus which were given

by BELL [5, p. 253] to possess twenty-four tentacles, when later

re-examined by BEDFORD [4, p. 845] were found to possess twenty-

five and twenty-three tentacles respectively. MITSUKURI ascribed

seventeen tentacles to a specimen of Phyllophorus japonicus [32], and

fifteen to Ph. fragilis (see p. 82), but the specimens, as re-examined

by me, were found to have in reality twenty tentacles each. While

LAMPERT [18, p. 255] has described his Pseudocucumis intercedens to

possess only eighteen tentacles, LUDWIG [23. p, 26] identified with it

thirty-tentacled specimens.

Among the numerous specimens of Pseudocucumis examined by

me, some were found to-have a tentacle more and others with a few

less than the normal number. The cases seem to deserve to be

noticed here in short. One individual of Pseudocucumis africanus

was provided with twenty-one tentacles, and another of Ps. japonicus

66 HIROSHI OHSHIMA:

with twenty-six,—both therefore with an extra tentacle: They were

laid out into sections and examined. ‘In the former, the extra

tentacle was found to belong to the category ‘of the small ones and

was situated in the left ventral. radius. That tentacle communicated

with a small canal which: branched! off dorsally from the fourth:

tentacular canal, and not directly from the: radial canal. ~The latter

specimen had the large extra tentacle’in the right ventral interradius,.

Though I was unable, on account of unsuccessful sectioning, to clearly.

make out the origin of the tentacle in question, it seemed to belong.

to a canal branch given off ventrally either from: the ‘second

tentacular canal or directly from’ the right ventral radial canal, ‘In

the. two cases referred to, it is to be mentioned that the radial canal

in relation to the extra’ tentacle’ did not branch in the ‘regular

normal manner, so that, f. i:, the small extra tentacle of Ps. africanus

does not correspond to the normal fifth tentacle (textfig. 2, D,) of

Ps. japonicus, It is not to be wondered at if there should occur in

the polychirotous group an abnormal form provided with supernumerary

tentacles, the cause of which fact might be referred to the occurrence

of six ambulacra as in the cases of Cucumaria planci [LUDWIG 22,

p. 473] and Ludwigia ocnoides (DENDY) [REIFFEN, 40, pp. 615—716].

A case in which the tentacles were evidently naturally deficient in

number (not as the result of mechanical loss} was presented by a

small individual of Pseudocucumis africanus, measuring 15 mm. in

length. It possessed only sixteen tentacles instead of twenty, the

deficiency being due to absence of a radius, or more properly speak-

ing, to the fact that the midventral radial canal was fused with the

left ventral into a common canal up to the point where the second

tentacular canal was given off. The existing radii, abnormally

quadriradial in disposition, had each four tentacles as in normal

cases,

A great objection against relying ‘upon the number of tentacles

in classification lies in the fact that the state of preservation of the

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ, 67

specimens often prevents accurate counting. Much more useful in the

systematic seems to be the distribution of pedicels and papillae, and

above all, I should lay great emphasis upon the ordinal rank of the

tentacular canals, which may be said to be fairly constant.

6. The system of Phyllophorine.

SEMPER’s classification of Dendrochirotæ into three subfamilies,

Stichopoda, Gastropoda and Sporadipoda, based on the distribution of

pedicels [42, pp. 47, 61 and 64], as well as BELL’s [5, p. 254] and

LAMPERT’s [18, p. 114] proposal to divide the group into Decachirotæ

and Polychirotæ according to the number of tentacles, were both

rejected by LUDWIG [26, p. 321 and 323] as being in no harmony

with the natural relationship of the genera.

OSTERGREN in his recent paper [37, p. 212] has offered a new

view on the system of Holothurioidea, establishing under the family

Cucumariidæ the three subfamilies, Cucumariina, Phyllophorinæ and

Psoline. These three subfamilies are practically synonymous with

Decachirotæ, Polychirota and Gastropoda respectively. Nevertheless,

OSTERGREN’s above view seems to me to be acceptable, since, firstly,

it is desirable to derive family or subfamily name from the type

genus; secondly, since the polychirote-gastropodous form 7%éelia

LUDWIG can not find its proper position in any of the old sub- :

families, and thirdly, since the Cucumariine and Phyllophorinz differ

from each other not only in tentacle number but also in other

anatomical features.

Tabulating the various forms of the Phyllophorinæ with respect

to the arrangement of ambulacral appendages, we have the

following :—

68 d HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

Distirbution of pedi- | Pedicels arranged in distinct rows | Pedicels distributed

cels and in ambulacra, |. in both ambulacra

papillae, = ee ‘ZZZ Band sinterambulatra,

a x Be ee a scarcely or not at

Arrange Interambulacra Interambulacra all showing zonal

ment of tenta- è» . |. devoid of pedi- | with a few papil-

cles & their number. D A cels. le or pedicels.

Orcula discre- | Orcula cucumi- | Orcula

15 pans. formis. (most species).

arrangement.

In 2 orders.

Psendocucumis

(most species). Actinocucumis. Phyllophorus.

Pseudocucumis

Japonicus.

Pseudocucumis

intercedens.

It is obvious that the system of the Phyllophorinz as it now

stands is in much confusion. The genus Orcula includes all the

fifteen-tentacled forms and even the stichopodous species ©. dis-

crepans SLUITER, while Pseudocucumis includes forms in which the

tentacles number 18—30, and in which the zonal arrangement of

pedicels is much pronounced.

I agree with OSTERGREN [88, p. 103; 34, p. 9; 35; p. 659 and

36, p. 23] in uniting Orcula with Phyllophorus. As reasons thereof

I may adduce, firstly, the fact that the presence of a fourth tentacle

in each radius of any twenty-tentacled form is often difficult to make

out and is thus liable to be overlooked ; and secondly the fact that

tentacles number fifteen or twenty can not be made a definite

criterion for separating the two genera, since the third and fourth ten-

tacles may easily be taken for a pair belonging to the second order.

The same may be said for the genus Pseudocucumis which should

include the stichopodous forms with 15— 20 tentacles. I see no reason

for assuming generic difference between Orcula discrepans [SLUITER

44, p. 110] and Pseudecucumis quinquangularis SLUITER [44, p. 108],

the former said to have fifteen tentacles and the latter eighteen.

Further, the species O. cucumiformis should also be referred to

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ. 69

Pseudocucumis, as we find an analogous case in the genus Cucumaria,

which includes forms with scattered pedicels in interambulacra,

formerly distinguished by LAMPERT as Semperia.

Pseudocucumis japonicus with twenty-five tentacles and Ps.

intercedens with thirty tentacles had better be transferred to the

genus Amphicyclus BELL.

II, Descriptions of Species.

Subfamily Phyllophorinæ OSTERGREN, 1907.

Body cylindrical or spindle-shaped, with terminal mouth and

anus ; ventral surface not forming any sort of creeping sole. Tentacles

15—30 in number, in two or three orders. Third limb of alimentary

tract running along left side of midventral radial muscle.

Six species of the group are known to occur in Japan. Amongst

them one seems to be new, and another is a doubtful species. They

may be distinguished as follows :— |

a. Tentacles of the third order present, numbering 25 in all;

pedicels limited to ambulacral zones ; calcareous deposits usually

absent from general body surface, but there occur tables with

two-pillared spire in the introvert* ...... Amphicyclus japonicus.

aa. Tentacles in two orders only, numbering 15—20 in all.

6. Pedicels confined to ambulacra ; calcareous deposits of general

body surface in the form of large lenticular perforated plates....

Pseudocucumis africanus.

db. Pedicels distributed on both ambulacra and interambulacra.

c. Tentacles 15; calcareous deposits absent from body-wall......

Phyllophorus limaconotus.

cc. Tentacles 20; calcareous deposits present in body-wall.

d. In the introvert only tables with two-pillared spire ; in general

perisome tables in which spire is usually much reduced or has

* I follow Epwarps [10, p. 54] to call by this name the anterior part of body which

can be introverted.

70 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

disappeared een date “ys cep ES Ph. japonicus.

da. In the introvert rosettes only ; in general perisome tables with

spire consisting of four or more pillars.

e. Tables very thinly scattered on body surface, so that the

skin is soft to the touch; spire of tables rudimentary ..........

o e n cage KORS O PATES

ce. Tables profusely present on body surface, rendering the skin

rough to the touch; spire of table very tall.... PA. hypsipyrgus.

Genus Amphicyclus BELL.

Amphicyclus BELL, 1884 [5], P, 254.

Type.—A. japonicus BELL.

The generic diagnosis given by BELL is as follows :—

“ Stichopod arrangement of the suckers associated with the pos-

session of more than ten oral tentacles; the tentacles in two circles ;

those of the inner are arranged in pairs, are ten in number, radial in

position, smaller than those of the outer circle, in which there are

fourteen subequal tentacles. There are no calcareous pharyngeal

plates, and two of the retractors of the pharynx are united with one

another,”

Now, if my identification of the specimens on hand with A.

japonicus be right, I should propose to define the genus as

following :—

Tentacles of unequal size 25—30 in number, present in three

orders. Small tentacles in five pairs, which are radial in position and

regularly alternate with pair of larger ones, form the inner circle.

Pedicels limited to ambulacra, interambulacra being naked. Radial

segments of calcareous ring without posterior prolongations. Calcareous

deposits of general perisome in the form of tables with spire con-

sisting of two pillars.

Except in tentacle number, this genus closely approaches Pseu-

docucumis. Two species belong to the genus, namely A. japonicus

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ. 71

BELL and A. éntercedens (LAMPERT).

1. Amphieyelus japonicus BELL.

(PI. I., figs. 5-6; textfigs. 2—3).

Amphicyclus japonicus BELL, 1884 [5], pp. 253—254.—LAMPERT, 1885

[18], p. 181—THÉEI, 1886 [46], p. 126.

Pseudocucumis japonicus LUDWIG, 1887 [24], p. 1239.—AUGUSTIN,

1908 [1], p. 20.

Pseudocucumis japonica LUDWIG, 1889-92 [26], p. 348.—BEDFORD,

1899 [4], pp. 844—845.

Habitat.—Tsugaru Strait. Lat. 41° 12’ N., long. 140° 43’ E., 43

fms., sand and mud: 2 specimens (BELL).

Uraga Channel. Lat. 35° 13’ N., long. 139° 44’ E. (AUGUSTIN).

Numa, Sagami Sea (Matsuwa-lighthouse-line, Mera out or not

quite out), 260 fms: a single specimen (K. MITSUKURI & K. AOKI

eoll Aug 22), 1603. Sci, Coll, Spec. No. *1739):

Northern part of Suruga Bay, 275 fms.: a single specimen

(IS AOKt colle June a. 1905 “Sci. Colli, Spec: No. 1743).

Tokyo market, probably from the Province of Echizen: 4 speci-

mens (S. TANAKA don., Feb. 15, 1911. Sci. Coll., Spec. No. 1738).

Size and form.—The single specimen from Sagami Sea (Pl. I,

fig. 5) is in fully extended state. Body slender, gradually tapering

at both ends. Length 51 mm. exclusive of tentacles ; diameter of the

thickest part 7 mm. The Suruga Bay specimen is also well extended :

length 45 mm.; maximum diameter 11 mm. The remaining four

specimens are much contracted, though some of them have the

introvert protruded (Pl. I., fig. 6): body cylindrical, bluntly ending at

both extremities, the largest measuring 48 mm. long and 11 mm.

thick.

Color.—General perisome light brown to deep greyish brown;

very lightly colored in distended parts. Pedicels of a light brown,

whitish at tip. Introvert and tentacles pure white.

72 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

Integument.— Finely wrinkled all over, except on introvert which

is quite smooth; thick and muscular in contracted specimens, but

very thin and leathery in extended ones.

Tentacles.—Twenty-five in number, present in three different

sizes (textfig. 2). As measured in a small but fully extended

specimen, the largest ten tentacles situated pairwise in each inter-

radius attain a length of 5 mm. The five medium-sized tentacles,

radial in position, are 3 mm. long. The smallest ten tentacles,

occurring in a pair in each radius, are only 1 mm. long; they form

an inner circle to that of the others.

Textfig. 3.

Amphicyclus japonicus BELL. a Three consecutive segments of calcarcous

ring viewed from axial side. 4-2 Tables from introvert seen from above; /

same seen from side. g-2 Imperfect tables from general perisome. 7 Support-

ing rod of tentacle. Z-7 branched rods from tip of tentacle. 72 End-plate of

pedicel ; 72 curved perforated plates surrounding the end-plate. o anal tooth.

(ax 6, 0-Zx 300, 1-0 X 150).

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ. 73

Pedicels.—Pedicels seem to be but little retractile and measure

2.5—3 mm. in length. They form a zigzag row in each ambulacrum,

though in contracted specimens they are often seen in a double or

quadruple row. Near ends of body they are arranged in a single

row in each ambulacrum. Interambulacra are naked.

Calcareous deposits.—Tables are always found in the introvert

(textfig. 3, b—f). The disk is usually oval with entire or sometimes

wavy margin (c—d); its longer diameter 0.045—0.07 mm., and the

shorter 0.03—0.06 mm. Holes 4—16 in number, usually regularly

distributed ; of the four larger holes, which are separated from one

another by the primary cross, one pair is larger than the other.

Spire 0.025—0.03 mm. high, consisting of two pillars united at top to

form a crown armed with 4—8 teeth (f). Only in the specimen

from Sagami Sea, which appears to be the youngest of all I have

had, some calcareous deposits are found very sparsely in the general

perisome. These are imperfect in form, being fragmentary or partly

dissolved ; the more perfect forms I have found are shown in text-

figure 3, g-z. The deposits may be said to be of the form of a

table with two rudimentary pillars and with four central and some

peripheral holes. The largest measured was 0.105 mm. long and

0.055 mm. broad. Around the anus there exist five anal teeth (0),

each irregularly triangular in form and lying with the obtuse tip

directed posteriorly. They attain 0.35 mm. in length and 0.22 mm.

in breadth. Besides them, there are found in their proximity some

scattered X-shaped rods similar to those of tentacles, together with

imperfectly shaped end-plates. In pedicels a single end-plate and

a small number of supporting buttons are found. The end-plate (m)

is well developed, its diameter varying within range of 0.25—0.4 mm.

The supporting buttons or curved plates (n) are found only in the

vicinity of the end-plate. They are up to 0.14 mm. long and about

0.05 mm. broad, and are curved in adaptation to the curvature

of the wall of pedicel; they are pierced by holes in two or

74 HIROSHI OIHSHIMA :

three rows. The tentacles are supported by rods and X-shaped bodies

of various sizes. The rods (j) are usually recurved, 0.08—0.2 mm.

long, and are supplied at both ends with a few holes. At tip of the

branches of tentacles there are various forms of X-shaped bodies

(k—1l), which can be derived from the above mentioned rods. Their

length measures 0.06—0.1 mm.

Calcareous ring.—Weakly calcified and imbedded in the connective

tissue, so that in young individuals it is liable to be overlooked. In

large individuals, however, they can be readily found and examined

Radial segment (a, RVR and RDR) 4.5 mm. long, 1.6 mm. broad,

and without posterior prolongations ; on its anterior margin are found

four notches, one for radial canal and the remaining three for

tentacular canals. Interradial segment (a, RDI) slender, of the form

of inverted Y, measuring 3 mm. in length and 1.5 mm. in breadth.

Musculature.—The retractors are inserted to radial muscles at

different points of body length: the retractor of midventral radius is

inserted most anteriorly, while those belonging to dorsal radii are

inserted most posteriorly. As measured in a specimen 51 mm. long,

the retractor of the midventral radius has its insertion at a point 24

mm. distant from the posterior body end, 7. e., at about the middle

of the body; retractors of ventral lateral radii at a point 21 mm.

î. e., about two-fifths the body-length, from same; and those of dorsal

radii at 18 mm. 7. e., about one-third the length, from same. In

contracted specimens both circular and radial muscles are quite thick.

Polian vesicle—Usually single, situated in the left dorsal

interradius. Its length varies from 5 to 11 mm. Very often there is

found an accessory vesicle of 7—11 mm. length in the left ventral

interradius.

Stone-canal.—Situated on the right side of dorsal mesentery,

ending with a kidney-shaped madreporite similar to that found in

Cucumaria calcigera (STIMPSON) and first described by EDWARDS

[10, p. 57]. In length it reaches 2—2.5 mm,, including the

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORIN A‘. 75

madreporite which is 1—1.5 mm. in diameter.

Digestive tube.—Variable in calibre as well as in length. About

15 mm. behind the calcareous ring, the tube enlarges itself to form a

stomach of about 2 mm. diameter. The third limb of the intestine

is suspended by a mesentery attached to the left of midventral radial

muscle. The entire digestive tube is 72 mm. long in a specimen of

51 mm. length; while in a contracted individual 48 mm. long, it

measured as much as 190 mm. in length.

Respiratory trees.—Two in number, each running along dorsal

lateral interradius ; their length may reach to three-fourths that of

extended body.

Genital tubes.—In two tufts, the tubes branching once or twice

near base. Genital papilla could not be made out.

Remarks.—As regards the size and color of this species BELL

has given no statement. The identification of the above described

specimens with the species of BELL seems to be justified by the

following facts: 1) the presence of twenty-five tentacles is a feature

unique in the Cucumariide; 2) the localities of both BELL's and

AUGUSTIN’s specimens either agree with those of mine or stand with

these under the influence of the same current; 3) “the complete

absence of rods or spicules from the walls of body or tube-feet” in

my specimens excepting the youngest individual observed by me; 4)

the presence of “terminal plates of the tube-feet, and the delicate

and elegant bars which are found in the tentacles”; and 5) the

weak development of calcareous ring, of which BELL found no sign

but was supposed by LUDWIG [26, p. 83] to be present in an im-

perfect condition.

As to the two retractors approaching and uniting with each

other as given by BELL, I should say with LUDWIG [24, p. 1239]

that such an occurrence may be met with in individual cases but

does not seem to constitute a constant character of diagnostic value.

Besides from v. MARENZELLER’s observation [31, p. 135], I can give

76 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

a number of such abnormal retractors from my own observations in

some other polychirotous forms. The attenuation of the hinder end

and the thick integument of the anterior body end in BELL’s specimens

are, I suppose, merely due to the state in which the specimens were

killed. Genital tubes filling the greater part of body-cavity in a

large number can scarcely be taken for- a matter of specific im-

portance as BELL has considered it to be. In my specimens the

number of tubes and their thickness vary very much according to

sex as well as to the season of capture.

After all I have said, the diagnosis of the present species may

be emended as follows :—

Body cylindrical, truncate or tapering at both ends. Body

length may exceed 50 mm. General perisome greyish brown, tip of

pedicels light brown, tentacles and introvert white. Tentacles twenty-

five in number, in three different sizes; the largest ten standing in

five pairs which alternate with the medium-sized five, these being

radially situated. The small ten tentacles arranged pairwise on each

radius, forming inner circle of tentacles. Pedicels limited to am-

bulacra, arranged in a zigzag row or in 2—4 rows. Integument soft,

usually without any calcareous deposit. Tables with spire made up of

two pillars are found in the introvert. End-plate of pedicels as well as anal

teeth present. Tentacles supported by recurved or branching rods.

Calcareous ring weakly calcified ; radial segment with four unequal

anterior notches, but without posterior prolongations ; interradial seg-

ments slender, of the form of inverted Y. Polian vesicle usually single,

hanging in the left dorsal interradius, but often with an accessory vesicle

in the left ventral interradius. Stone-canal provided with reniform

madreporite. Genital tubes once or twice branched, in two tufts.

Genus Pseudocucumis LUDWIG.

Pseudocucumis LUDWIG, 1874 [20], p. 14.—1886 [28], p. 27. —1887

[24], p. 1241.

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINZE. Hii

Type.—P. acicula (SEMPER).

LUDWIG at first limited the tentacle number of the genus to

twenty; later he made the genus to comprehend forms with from

eighteen to thirty tentacles, and finally those which have more than

fifteen tentacles of unequal size.

On the basis of my view on the system of Phyllophorine, I

propose to change the generic diagnosis with regard to the number of

tentacles and the distribution of pedicels. Since in my opinion Orcula

discrepans and O. cucumiformis should be referred to Pseudocucumis,

while P. japonicus as well as P. intercedens should be removed from

it, the genus may be defined as follows :—

Tentacles in two orders: 15—20 in number, unequal in size.

The smaller tentacles stand as a rule alternately with the larger ones,

all or a part of the former forming an inner circle of tentacles.

Pedicels limited to ambulacra, but sometimes scattered in a few

number on interambulacra also.

2. Pseudocucumis africanus (SEMPER).

(Pl. J., fig. 4; textfigs. I and 4).

Cucumaria africana SEMPER, 1868 [42], p. 53.

Cucumaria assimilis BELL, 1886 [6], p. 27.

Pseudocucumis theeli LUDWIG, 1887 [24], p. 1236.

Pseudocucumis africana LUDWIG, 1888 [25], p. 815. —MITSUKURI,

MS. [82].

Besides. the numerous specimens from Kyüshü and Riü-Kiu

Islands, which were studied by the late Professor MITSUKURI, I have

two specimens from Takanoshima in the Bay of Tateyama in Province

AAA SALON Mons 1392 517. .E.. (Sci. Coll; Spec: No. 1737):

This is the northernmost locality known for the species. They were

collected by Mr. K. KAWAGUCHI on July 30, 1910.

The two specimens measure in length respectively 32 mm. and

25 mm., both with the introvert in well extended state (PI. I., fig. 4).

78 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

The color is a deep brownish purple

all over, somewhat lighter on ventrum

than on dorsum. All the viscera

are of a uniform purple color, pro-

bably due to staining after pre-

servation. As to calcareous deposits

of the perisome, it may be worth

while to note that in the introvert

I have found only the rods de-

scribed and figured by LUDWIG [24,

p. 1238 and Taf. XV. Pie 15), che

lenticular plates characteristic of the

Textfig. A.

Three consecutive segments of the

species being there totally absent. calcareous ring of Psendocucumis

africanus, viewed from the axial

As to other characters of the species, :

side. (x 10).

except as regards the asymmetry of

the calcareous ring (textfig. 4) and the arrangement of tentacles

(textfig. 1) before enunciated, I have nothing to add to the descrip-

tions given by previous observers.

Genus Phyliophorus GRUBE (LUDWIG emend.)

(+ Orcula TROSCHEL).

LUDWIG [24, p. 1240—1241] last defined the genus to have

unequal sized tentacles more than fifteen in number, of which the

smaller stand alternately with the larger, all or a part of the former

forming an inner circle of tentacles. OSTERGREN’s suggestion to

unite Orcz/a with the present genus seems to be reasonable, as I

already mentioned at the end of Part I of this paper. Moreover, the

genus should comprise a Hawaiian species recently described by

FISHER [13, pp. 713—715] under the name of Zhyonidium alexandri,

in which ventral interambulacra are naked. Consequently, in my

opinion, the genus should be defined as follows :—

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ. 79

Tentacles in two orders: 15—20 in number, unequal in size.

The smaller tentacles stand as a rule alternately with the larger ones,

sometimes (in forms with 20 tentacles) forming an inner circle.

Pedicels scattered all over body, seldom showing zonal arrangement

on ambulacra ; some interambulacra may be naked.

3. Phyllophorus limaconotus (BRANDT).

Cladolabes limaconotos BRANDT, 1835 [7]; pp. 57—58.

Holothuria limaconotus SELENKA, 1867 [41], p. 331.

Orcula limaconotus LUDWIG, 1881 [21], p. 589.—LAMPERT, 1885

[18], p. 169.—THEEL, 1886 [46], p. 149.—LUDWIG, 1889—’92

[26], p. 347.

Only a single specimen of this species is known from the Bonin

or Ogasawara Islands, and that very imperfectly. While in the

original description of BRANDT the tentacles were stated to be twenty

in number, LUDWIG [21] later found them in the same specimen to

be only fifteen. From the bad state of preservation of the specimen,

it can not be decided if the absence of any calcareous deposit from

the perisome as well as from the pedicels can be taken as a real

character of the species. It seems highly probable that this is not a

good species, and had perhaps better be united with Phyllophoris

tener (= Orcula tenera LUDWIG) or some other species of Phyllophorus.

4, Phyllophorus japonicus (v. MARENZELLER).

(Piste he: 25° texthe. 5).

Thyonidium japonicum v. MARENZELLER, 1881 [81], p- 134, Taf.

V., Fig. 9. |

Phyllophorus japonicus LUDWIG, 1889—92 [26], p. 347, Taf.

VI, Fig. 16.—MITSUKURI, MS. [82].

Habitat.—Japan: 2 specimens (v. MARENZELLER).

Haneda, Tokyo Bay: a single specimen (MITSUKURI).

Off Tsurugizaki, Uraga Channel: a single specimen (MITSUKURI).

80 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

Sagami Bay (Takeyama over Kurozaki), 40 fms.: a single

specimen (MITSUKURI).

Southern part of Osaka Bay, about 8 fms.: a single specimen

(K. AOKI coll., Mar. 8, 1903. Sci. Coll., Spec. No. 1746).

I have examined the last named specimen, and I may here put

down some points which differ from, or are not mentioned in, the

descriptions given by v. MARENZELLER and MITSUKURI.

The specimen (Pl. I, fig. 5) is strongly contracted, being of a

thick spindle-like shape. Length 71 mm., breadth 39 mm., and

height 32 mm. The skin is thick and stiff, rough to the touch, and

full of creases. Wart-like contracted pedicels white, creases of a

reddish brown color. Of the twenty greyish black tentacles, ten are

large and the rest small. In the introvert tables (textfig. 5, b—d)

only are found. The disk is of an irregular shape, ranging in

diameter 0.09—0.13 mm. but most commonly 0.10—0.12 mm. Holes

number 12—15, sometimes even more than 40; spire consisting of

Textfig.: 5.

Phyllophorus japonicus (v. MARENZELLER). a Anterior parts of the right

ventral radial segment of the calcareous ring, with an adjoining interradial

segment, seen from axial side. 2—c Tables from introvert, seen from above;

d same seen from side. e Table from tentacle, seen from side, (a x3, d—e

x 300).

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ. 8I

two pillars which unite with each other but once, forming four

teeth at apex. Height of spire is usually about 0.05 mm., but may

reach 0.08 mm. near and in the tentacles (e). In the general

perisome the tables are incomplete, changing into irregular perforated

plates of various shape as figured by v. MARENZELLER [Fig. 9, a].

Tentacles supported by somewhat irregular tables and perforated rods

as well as by a few rosettes. Peculiarly modified tables of the form

of a tripod, described by v. MARENZELLER and MITSUKURI as

supporting pedicels, I could find only in the pedicels located in the

anteriormost parts. End-plate of pedicels imperfect and small, con-

sisting of irregularly branched rods; its diameter varying within a

range of 0.14—0.15 mm.

Calcareous ring (a) is 40 mm. long, and is composed of numerous

small pieces as is well known. Retractors inserted on body-wall at

different points of radial muscles: those of dorsal radii inserted in the

middle of the length of the contracted body, those of ventral lateral

radii at a distance from the posterior end equal to about eight-

thirteenths the length of the respective radial muscle, and the mid-

ventral retractor at a distance from the posterior end of more than

two-thirds the length of the arched midventral radial muscle.

A tubular Polian vesicle, 38 mm. long and 30 mm. in diameter,

hangs on the circular canal in the left dorsal interradius. Stone-canal

7 mm. long, with an ellipsoidal madreporite about 1 mm. long. The

third limb of intestine runs along the left side of the midventral

radial muscle. The respiratory tree in each dorsal lateral interradius

extends nearly throughout the entire body-length.

5. Phyllophorus fragilis MITSUKURI & OHSHIMA, sp. n.

(Ely ie he. 35) textheg. 6).

In his manuscript the late Professor K. MITSUKURI provisionally

considered this species to be new and described it as follows :—

“Specimens examined.—12 specimens from Sakibaru near Naha,

82 HIROSHI OHSHIMA:

Okinawa Island ; collected by me on dead coral reef, Apr. 7, 1901

(No. 1657). 9 specimens from Nishino-omote, Tanegashima, Satsuma ;

S. IKEDA coll., Jan. 4, 1905 (No.1658). 1 specimen from Satsukawa,

Amami-Oshima ; MITSUKURI and YASUDA coll, Mar. 31, 1901

(No. 1659).

“ Size.—6.5 x 1.9 cm. (a large one in-lot no. 1657); 2.8 X 1.4 cm.,

3.1%X1.7 cm., 2.25 X 1.3 cm. (smalllones in lot no, 1657):

“ Shape.—Spindle-shaped, tapering towards both ends.

“Color.—Uniformly brown in alcohol. In one specimen some

large patches on the body. In life I have observed a purple tinge

on the animal, but can not remember exactly how this was caused.

“ Pedicels.—Scattered irregularly all over the body in ambulacra

as well as in interambulacra. In most specimens they are more

crowded on ventral than on dorsal surface. In some, longitudinal

arrangement of pedicels is recognizable, especially towards the posterior

end. The ventral ambulacra seem to possess three or four rows of

pedicels each, leaving narrow interambulacral spaces free of pedicels.

“ Tentacles.—Fifteen in number; in one specimen ten large and

five small, in another eleven large and four small.

‘ Calcareous ring.—Both radialia and interradialia made up of

numerous small pieces. Radialia anteriorly with three notches,

posteriorly with two prolongations made up of eight or more small

pieces joined together. Interradialia pointed anteriorly, each wedging

itself between the posterior prolongations of two adjoining radialia,

consisting of several small pieces. Hind ends of posterior radial

prolongations continuous with corresponding ends of adjoining radialia.

“ Retractor muscles thick, short, attached to body-wall at about

4 the body length from the anterior end of body.

“ Polian vesicle one. Stone-canal probably one.

“ Calcareous deposits.—None in any part (the neck portion not

excepted) of the body-wall of most specimens. In some (at least in

one young specimen of 2.25X1.3 cm.) there are found tables in

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ. 83

sparsely scattered distribution. These have complete or incomplete

disk. Complete disks show four central holes and eight large

peripheral holes, their margin being tolerably smooth and slightly

wavy. Incomplete disks are of all sorts. There may exist central

holes only, or one or more of the peripheral holes may not be closed

in. In none there is a complete spire, this being represented generally

by four short knobs which do not unite at all. In one case, I

thought to have seen one cross-piece, but I am not sure of it, as I

could obtain the view from above only. In tentacles there are small

rosettes. In pedicels of some specimens there exist incomplete rosettes

in a greater or smaller number.

“ This species is very common on dead coral reefs near Naha,

Okinawa Island. It lives buried in coral sand. One great

characteristic of it is that it throws out viscera with the least touch,

making it very difficult to obtain specimens with the viscera intact.

Mr. IKEDA observed the same fact and remarked: ‘As soon as the

stone under which these animals live are lifted up, they throw off

the viscera, even before they are touched in any way.’

“I am much surprised that I can not identify these specimens

with any of the known species. I can not think that SEMPER and

others who have explored tropical or subtropical seas, did not obtain

these animals, for I suppose the species extends further south than

the Okinawa group. Not improbably it occurred among the collections

previously studied, but has remained mixed up with some others in

the present chaotic state of the species of the genera Orcula,

Phyllophorus, Thyonidium, &c.

“I name this provisionally Phyllophorus fragilis. If the genus

Orcula is to be retained, I suppose the species should be placed in

that genus; but it seems to me that Orcu/a is only a special case of

Phyllophorus and I am inclined to agree with OSTERGREN in merging

it into Phyllophorus (ÖSTERGREN 1898, p. 103, footnote).”

The results of my own observations on the specimens examined

84 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

by theilate Professor MITSUKURI as well as on four more specimens

collected by Dr. M. MIVAJIMA at Naha on May 25, 1900 (Sci. Coll.,

Spec. No. 1747), differ in some respects—above all in regard to the

tentacle number and the calcareous deposits—from the above cited

statements. They may be given as follows :—

Form and size.—All specimens are much contracted, eviscerated

and have introvert drawn in. The least contracted of them is shown

in PI. L, fig. 3. This is of a somewhat cylindrical shape, but is

strongly curved. Its length is 57 mm. along the middorsal line and

oi mm. along the midventral; greatest diameter 16 mm. In all

other strongly contracted specimens the body is spindle-shaped.

Integument.—Muscular, quite soft to the touch.

Tentacles.—Invariably twenty in number. The largest ten

tentacles 12—18 mm. long in the contracted state; the medium-

sized five tentacles 5—8 mm. long; the smallest five tentacles radial

Textfig. 6.

Phyllophorus fragilis MiISUKURI & OHSsHIMA, sp. n. a Three consecutive

segments of the calcareous ring seen from abaxial side, %—e Various forms of

tables from general perisome and pedicel, viewed from above; /—g same seen

from side, # Perforated plate situated near the end-plate. z Supporting rods

of tentacle. (a x3, d—z x 300).

DHS SYSDEM (‘OF PHYLLOBHORINZE, 85

in position, only 2 mm. long and liable to be overlooked in the

contracted state.

Calcareous deposits.—Except in introvert, tables are quite

sparsely scattered in all parts including the wall of pedicels. Their

disk (textfig. 6, b

or rarely serrated margin, the diameter varying within a range of

e) is usually of a roundish outline with smooth

0.05—0.09 mm. They are more or less regularly perforated by a

large central hole and eight or more peripheral holes. Over the

central hole there is spanned a cross-shaped arch, from which arise

four rudimentary pillars of 0.02 mm. height (f). The pillars but

seldom branch on top and there form an incomplete toothed crown

(c and g). Rosettes are profusely found in introvert and anal region,

but in a very small number in tentacles and pedicels, They are

oval in general outline, measuring 0.02—0.06 mm. in the longer

diameter. End-plates are well developed, their diameter varying

from 0.15 mm. to 0.4 mm, in accordance with the size of pedicels.

Around the end-plate there are found a number of elongate perforated

plates or supporting buttons without knob (h). At tip of tentacles

there are found delicate supporting rods (i) in very thinly scattered

distribution. They measure 0.04—0.09 mm. in length and are

provided with one or two holes at both ends. Rudimentary anal

teeth consisting of a loose calcareous network are present. Anal

papillæ are supported by irregular perforated plates.

Calcareous ring.—Radial segment (a, RVR and MVR) 13—17

mm. long and 2 mm. broad, with the anterior margin divided into

two unequal halves by a deep notch (a). Posterior prolongations

composed of about six pieces. Interradial segments (RVI) 8—12

mm. long and 1.5—2 mm. broad, each composed of several pieces.

Retractor muscles.—Inserted at different levels, the midventral

one most anteriorly. In the specimen represented in fig. 3, Pl. L,

those of the dorsal pair are inserted to respective radial muscle at a

distance of five-elevenths, those of the ventral pair at that of two-

86 IIIROSHI OHSHIMA :

sevenths, and the unpaired midventral at that of two-ninths the

length of same from the anterior end. In another specimen the same

distances were respectively two-fifths, a quarter and one-fifth the

length of the radial muscle in relation.

Polian vesicle. — Usually single, situated in the left dorsal

interradius, 5—10 mm. long. In one specimen two vesicles were

found hanging together in the same interradius.

Stone-canal.—Situated on dorsal mesentery, 1.5—3 mm. long,

provided with a minute madreporite.

Respiratory trees.—Two, each running along the whole length of

dorsal lateral interradii.

Genital tubes.—In bundle on both sides of dorsal mesentery,

about 7 mm. long, once or twice dichotomously dividing.

From the foregoing remarks, the present species may be

diagnosed as follows :—

Body usually spindle shaped in contracted state; length up to

65 mm. Color of general perisome uniformly brown, or with purple

patches. Tentacles twenty in number, of three different sizes: ten

large, five medium-sized, and five small. Pedicels scattered all over

body surface, somewhat more numerous on ventral than on dorsal

surface ; zonal arrangement sometimes recognizable. Integument soft,

with very sparsely scattered tables showing a large central hole and

eight or more smaller peripheral holes in the disk, and four low

pillars which may sometimes unite with one another at top. Well

developed end-plate and rudimentary anal teeth present. Introvert

provided with rosettes only, similar deposits being also found in anal

region and in a small number in pedicels and tentacles also. Tip

of tentacles provided with delicate rods. Both radial and interradial

segments of calcareous ring consist of several small pieces. Radial

segment with long posterior prolongations and three anterior notches.

Polian vesicle single, situated in left dorsal interradius. Stone-canal

small. Genital. tubes in two tufts, once or twice branched.

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINE. 87

Remarks.—This species comes very close to Phyllophorus cebuensis

with regard to their color, habitat and calcareous tables. But in that

species, as unanimously given by authors, interradial segments of the

calcareous ring are simple, while no other calcareous deposit than

tables has been given to exist [SEMPER 49, p. 67, Taf. XIL, Fig. 5;

Taf. XIII, Fig. 25; Taf. XV., Fig. 8; PEARSON 88, pp. 194—195,

PI. II., figs. 22—24; 39, p. 191]. The specimen described by THÉEL

under the name of Zhyonidium cebuense (46, p. 95, Pl. IX., fig. 4],

which PEARSON [88] proposed to distinguish as var. ¢heel/, is doubt-

lessly different from ours, in that it possesses much modified tables in

pedicels. Our species also appears to be allied to Phyllophorus tener

in having a sparse number of tables of similar size and form and in

having calcareous ring of a similar structure. ‘The two forms are,

however, markedly different in the number of tentacles and in the

presence of “ Kalkconcretionen” [LUDWIG 20, p. 19, Taf. VI, Fis.

21, b] instead of. rosettes. As regards Ph. tener, the fact reported by

SLUITER [48, p. 208] that that species lives quite a long time in

aquarium, seems to indicate a point of its difference from PA. fragilis,

which, according to MITSUKURI’s observation, is a very difficult

animal to handle without causing evisceration.

6. Phyllophorus hypsipyrgus (v. MARENZELLER).

(lek, te. ns texthic; 7)

Orcula hypsipyrga v. MARENZELLER, 1881 [81], pp. 135—136,

Taf. V., Fig. 10.—LAMPERT, 1885 [18], p. 168.—THEEL,

1886 [46], pp. 97, 149, Pl. V., fig. 6, a-b.—LUDWIG, 1889—

’92 [26], p. 347-——SLUITER, 1901 [44], p. 109.

Habitat.—Japan: a single specimen [v. MARENZELLER).

Akashijotraiteso Challenger.’ Station 233 A... Lat. 34° 38' N.,

long 135° 1’ E., 50 fms., sand’: a single specimen (THEEL).

Molo-Strasse, “ Siboga” Station 51, 69—91 m., sand with stones

and shells: a single specimen (SLUITER).

88 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

Southern part of Osaka Bay, about 8 fms.: four specimens (K.

AOKI coll., Mar. 8, 1903. Sci. Coll., Spec. Nos. 1744—1745). :

Size and form.—A specimen, the least contracted, with tentacles

partly visible from the outside, is represented in PL I., fig. 1. Body

cylindrical, slightly curved, broadest in the posterior half; the anal

part conically pointed. Length 95 mm., breadth 27 mm. The other

three specimens are much contracted and of a spindle-like shape.

Length 59, 66 and 70 mm. respectively.

Color.—Dirty grey; contracted parts dark ; pedicels whitish.

Integument.—Of varying thickness according to the degree of

Texitfige Ze

Phyllopherus hypsißyrgus (vy. MARENZELLER). a Midventral radial seg-

ment of the calcareous ring with adjoining interradial segments, abaxial view.

b-4 Tables from general perisome, viewed from above; e Same seen from side.

f Tip of spire from side. g-4 Supporting rods of tentacle. z-j Rosettes from

introvert. (a x3, J-/ x 300).

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINA:. 89

contraction. Its surface rough to the touch, due to the presence of

tall-spired tables.

Tentacles.—Twenty in number, of which ten are smaller than

the rest.

Pedicels.—Papilla-like, contracted, distributed all over body

surface in more or less conspicuous zonal arrangement.

Calcareous deposits.—In general perisome there are found tables

only (textfig. 7, b-f). Disk usually of rounded outline with even

margin; many-holed ones often elongate. Diameter of disk 0.08—0.17

mm., commonly about 0.12 mm. Holes number 8—36; most com-

monly 10—15 besides a large central one. Spire stands over the

central hole and is very tall, measuring 0.10—0.20 mm. in height ;

toothed on top (e—f). It consists usually of four pillars united by

cross-bars, up to eleven in number. Tables in the anterior body

region (b) have in the disk more number of larger holes than those

in the middle and posterior regions (c—d). In the introvert, rosettes

(i—j) of 0.02—0.08 mm. length alone are profusely found, while at

its border with the main body there are found, in addition, some

delicate rods in scattered distribution. Pedicels are supported by

tables similar to those found in general perisome; only the disk is

usually of an elongate and irregular shape, but never of the form

described by SLUITER from his specimen as “ zweischenkelige Gebilde

mit durchlöcherten Enden.” End-plates are well developed, exhibit-

ing markedly concave surface on the side facing the end of pedicel ;

diameter 0.25—0.33 mm., the larger ones belonging to ventral

pedicels. Tentacles with delicate bent supporting rods (g—h) 0.04—

0.16 mm. long, with both ends branched and giving rise to some

holes ; often giving off branches in the middie parts also (h). Besides

these rods there exist rosettes, which are connected with them by

some transitional forms. Around anus there are, besides rosettes and

tables, five minute anal teeth, each composed of a stout basketwork.

Anal papille are supported by delicate branched rods resembling

90 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

those found in tentacles.

Calcareous ring.—Composed of small pieces. Radial segment

(a, MVR), 19 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, giving off long posterior

prolongations consisting of a number of small segments. Interradial

segment (RVI and LVI), measuring 5.5—7 mm. in length and

2 mm. in breadth, is usually made up of two pieces.

Retractor muscles.—Inserted to body-wall at a distance less than

one-sixth the body-length from the anterior end.

Polian vesicle.—Usually single, hanging in the left dorsal in-

terradius, 11—24 mm. long. In one specimen an accessory vesicle of

5 mm. length was found in the left ventral interradius.

Stone-canal.—4 mm. long, provided with a minute madreporite.

Digestive tube.—Taking the course usual in the subfamily.

Respiratory trees.—Two, one in each dorsal interradius, of a

length exceeding five-sixths the body-length.

Genital tubes.—Attached to the mesentery in the same manner

as in Pseudocucumis africanus and Phyllophorus cucumiformis

(SEMPER) [LUDWIG 25, ‘p. 813], vzz., in two lines of 30 mm. length

along the middorsal line. Each tube measures 5 mm. long and is

dichotomously branched.

Remarks.—The presence of twenty tentacles made me hesitate

somewhat in identifying the specimens at once with Orcula hypsipyrga.

But I see the tentacle number of that species is still in a very

doubtful state. v. MARENZELLER has given it to be fifteen from a

much contracted specimen, while THEEL has found thirteen tentacles,

and SLUITER has given no account of the number. A careful re-

examination of those specimens in that respect-is very much desirable.

SLUITER’s statement (cited before) with regard to the elongated disk

of tables in pedicels does not agree with what I have observed in my

specimens, as it probably does not also with the state of the thing in

v. MARENZELLER’s and THEEL’s specimens. After all, I think my

specimens may well be held to be specifically identical with those of

THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINZE. OE

at least the last named two authors, z fortiori when we see that

Akashi Strait, where the “Challenger” specimen studied by THEEL

had been caught, lies right close to Osaka Bay, whence my specimens

came.

In conclusion, I beg to tender my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr.

I. IJIMA for his kind supervision during the preparation of this

paper.

Zoological Institute, Science College,

Tokyo Imperial University.

December 16, 1911.

IO.

II.

HIROSHI ONSIIIMA :

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THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINÆ. 93

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HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

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THE SYSTEM OF PHYLLOPHORINZ. 95

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96 HIROSHI OHSHIMA : PHYLLOPHORIN Aj.

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Explanation of Plate |.

Fig. 1. Phyllophorus hypsipyrgus (v. MARENZELLER) from

Osaka Bay. Natural size.

Fig. 2. Phyllophorus japonicus (v. MARENZELLER) from Osaka

Bay. Natural size.

Fig. 3. Phyllophorus fragilis MIISUKURI & OHSHIMA, sp. n.,

from Okinawa, Liu-kiu Islands. Natural size.

Fig. 4. Pseudocucumis africanus (SEMPER) from Takanoshima,

Awa. Natural size. |

Fig. 5. Amphicyclus japonicus BELL from Sagami Sea. Natural

size.

Fig. 6. Same, probably from Prov. Echizen. Natural size.

On Japanese freshwater Cyclopidae with

descriptions of two new species and

one new subspecies.

Seiji Kokubo,

Agricultural College, Sapporo.

With PI. IL

In my study of Japanese freshwater copepoda, I have thus far

met with 8 species of the Cyclopidae, of which I propose to give

notes in this paper. The greater part of my material was collected

in several parts of Hokkaidö, principally in the ponds and ditches in

and about Sapporo, in Lake Shikotsu, and in Lake Onuma ; the remain-

ing part was obtained in Lake Biwa (Prov. Omi), in Lake Kawaguchi

(Prov. Suruga), in several small ponds in Prov. Musashi, and in some

other localities. The specimens were thrown into formalin of about

4% strength at the time of capture and after 2-20 days were

transferred into 70% alcohol.

I wish here to express my sincere thanks to Professor T. Fujita

for the many help extended to me during the work.

Genus Cyclops Müller.

1. Cyclops serrulatus Fischer.

Pl. II., figs. 1—a,

Cyclops serrulaius Fischer 1851; Brady 1876; Schmeil 180r.

This almost cosmopolitan species seems to be one of the most

common representative of the genus, being to be found in all

seasons of the year. It can not be confounded with any other

species on account of the characteristic shape of its egg-sacs. The

98 SIEJI KOKUBO:

specimens collected near Kyoto have the three terminal joints of first

antenna provided each with an inconspicuous ‘‘ Rudermembran” on

the inner border. The crenulation on the rami of furca is subject to

much variation, as it appears according to localities.

The habitats in Japan known to me at present are: Kyoto and

Saitama in Hondo, and Sapporo in Hokkaido.

2, Cyclops strenuus Fischer.

Pl. II, figs. 5—7,

Cyclops strenuus Fischer 1851.

Cyclops clausii Lubbock 1863.

This is another common species of the genus in Japan. It occurs

in abundance in the muddy bottom of marshes and also in large lakes.

In Lake Shikotsu (Hokkaidö) it appears in early spring and forms

the main part of its plankton fauna in that season. It may be worth

mentioning that specimens collected in shallow water are brown in

colour, while those from open lakes of clear water present a deep

red hue, as is known to be the case with Diaptomas denticornis.

In Hokkaido, reproduction occurs in winter under ice, the nauplii

coming forth under the same circumstance. The nauplii are seen

most profusely in the months of June and July. In a laboratory

aquarium with water temperature varying from 19° to 23° C., I have

observed individuals laden with egg-sacs for the first time on January

31st (in 1910); and it was on the sth of the following month that

the lavae hatched out from the eggs.

The species has been recorded in Russia, England, Germany,

Holland, and Hungary.

3. Cyclops magnoctavus Cragin.

Pll. II, figs. 8—12,

Cyclops magnoctavus Cragin 1883.

This species occurs in early spring in the neighbourhood of

Sapporo. It is the smallest species so far known in Japan, the female

JAPANESE FRESHWATER CYCLOPIDE. 99

measuring only about 0.85 mm. in length. The body is nearly

colourless excepting the red eyes and the greenish intestine. The

breeding season falls in June as shown by the females carrying

egg-sacs of a dark-bluish colour. The seta with which the first joint

of first antennae is provided, is very long and conspicuous as shown

in fig. 8. The seta of the fourth joint is not so prominent as

represented in a figure given by Brady in his work.” Furthermore, I

have not been able to detect the hairs which Brady observed at the

base of fifth foot. The two egg-sacs, each containing 15—16 eggs, are

so disposed that they come in contact on the dorsal surface of

abdomen.

My specimens were obtained in Lake Biwa, in Lake Kawaguchi,

and in Hokkaido.

4, Cyclops leuckartii G. O. Sars.

Pl. II, figs. 13—15.

Cyclops leuckartü, G. O. Sars 1883.

Cyclops Scourfreldi, G. S. Brady 1891.

The body is very slender, the breadth decreasing from head

posteriorly to the end of thorax. The female is 1.35 mm. long. The

formula of first antenna is similar to that of Cyclops strenuus, being

composed of 17 joints, of which the terminal two are much longer

than any other and are provided each with a ‘ Rudermembran ”

along the inner margin. The “Rudermembran” of terminal joint is

not only serrated on margin but is also deeply notched in the

middle (Fig. 15). The second joint of first maxilliped presents

minute crenulation on the posterior margin. The receptaculum seminis

is T-shaped.

For the first specimens of this intresting species I am indebted to

(1) G. S. Brady.—A revision of the British species of freshwater Cyclopidae and

Calamidae, P. 20. London, 1891.

100 SEIJI KOKUBO :

my friend Mr. T. Sato, by whom they were collected in Lake

Kawaguchi (Province Suruga) in August 1910. Later, I have

discovered this species also near Sapporo. Specimens from this latter

locality differ from those from Lake Kawaguchi in being a little

larger in size, besides being slightly different in the structure of the

‘“ Rudermembran.” The variations are however to be looked upon as

local.

5. Cyclops signatus Koch.

Pl. II, figs. 16—19.

Cyclops signatus, Koch 1841; Brady 1878.

Cyclops tenuicornis, Brady 1876.

The female, 1.7 mm. long, carries egg-sacs in spring, indicating

the breeding season. The blue colouration of the cephalothorax is

due to pigments scattered all over that part; the eyes are red as in

other species. The three terminal joints of first antenna are provided

with Rudermembran” on the inner margin. The receptaculum

seminis is orange-coloured and is of a mushroom-like shape. The

furcal rami are very short and densely haired on the inner margin.

The recorded habitats of this species are: northern and southern

Europe, Scandinavia, Germany, Holland, France, England, and North

America. It occurs frequently in the vicinity of Sapporo, but never

in any great abundance.

6. Cyclops flexipes, n. sp.

Pl. II, figs. 20—23.

Body broad, widest in front, rather abruptly narrowed backwards.

Female 1.40 mm. and male 1.25 mm. in length. First antenne not

slender, and almost reaching the posterior border of first body

segment, when turned backwards; 12-jointed; 8th, goth and 12th

joints nearly equal in length and longest; 2nd, 3rd and 6th

shorter, but nearly equal in length among themselves; the remaining

6 joints subequal and of a medium length. The anterior 4 pairs of

JAPANESE FRESHWATER CYCLOPIDÆ. IOI

swimming feet with their 3-jointed branches, the terminal joint of

which is provided with appendages in the form of spines and setae,

the number of these appendages being as follows:

Ist pair of 2nd pair of 3rd pair of 4th pair of

swim. feet. swim. feet. swim. feet. swim. feet.

Exopod 6 7 7 7

Endopod 6 6 6 5

Fifth foot peculiar: small, 2-jointed, the larger distal joint

articulating with the inner aspect of the proximal joint instead

of with the distal end of same; the appendages represented by 3

setae; the longest seta on the outer edge of distal joint pinnate;

the shortest seta on the inner edge of same lanceolate; and the

3rd seta of medium length situated on the outer produced edge of

the distal end of proximal joint. First abdominal segment by far

longer than the three following taken together. Furcal rami about

6 times as long as broad, only slightly divergent, without hair on

their inner margin. Each furcal ramus with 4 apical setae: the

outermost the shortest ; the innermost a little longer than the outermost ;

the outer of the middle two much longer than the innermost ; and the

inner of same the longest of all, being longer than the entire length

of abdomen. Fifth setae very short; lateral seta still shorter and

situated a little below the level of the distal fourth of furca.

The form, to which the present species seems to be nearest, is

C. strenuus; but the two species differ very considerably in the

following respects. In the first place, the first antenna in the new

species is decidedly shorter than in C. strezzzus in relation to the fact

that it is made up of 12-joints insted of 17. Secondly, the furca in

the present species is but slightly divergent and quite smooth on their

inner margin, whereas in C. strenuus they are strongly divergent and

thickly beset with hair. Thirdly, the fifth foot of the new species is

peculiar in that the distal of its two component joints is long and

slender, obviously differing in this respect from C. sérenuus, in which

102 SEIJI KOKUBO:

the same joint is thick and short with the distal end obliquely cut

off. Further, the articulating point of the distal joint with the proximal

is shifted very much farther inwards than in C. sérenuus, causing in

consequence the remarkable bending of the foot, which character I

have availed of in naming the species. Finally, all the three setae,

with which the fifth foot is provided, are very much longer than in

C. strenuus; the inner seta of the distal joint being straightly

directed, while the corresponding seta in C. sirenuus is inwardly

directed making an obtuse angle with the axis of the joint.

I have collected this new species in the vicinity of Sapporo in

May, 1911. Reproduction occurs in spring. Each egg-sac contains

about 25 eggs.

7. Cyclops soli n. sp.

Pl. II, figs. 24-26.

Body obtusely rounded in front, brown in colour, the female

measuring 0.9 mm. in length. First antenna unusually thick and

short, about + as long as first body segment, composed of 8 short

segments, the first and fourth segments being the longest and all the

rest shorter. Mouth appendages small. The anterior 4 pairs of

swimming feet with their branches 3-jointed. Fifth foot very small,

I-jointed, and with two appendages at the extremity. The postero-

lateral border of last thoracic segment fringed with a row of spines

(fig. 25). The posterior margin of third and fourth abdoninal

segments slightly serrated. Furcal rami long and cyrindrical, parallel

with and widely separated from each other, each bearing a transverse

row of several spines at the beginning of the distal fourth of its

length. Of the 4 apical setae the outer and inner are the shortest

and nearly equal in length; the inner of the remaining two is the

longest and about as long as the entire length of abdomen, while the

outer is about 1 as long as the inner.

The present species is very closely allied to C. fimbriatus, but

JAPANESE FRESHWATER CYCLOPIDÆ. 103

differs from it in many points, among which the following two seem

to be the most noteworthy. In the first place, this species is

characterized by the presence of only 2 spines on the fifth foot

(fig. 25), while C. fimbriatus should possess 3 of them as is obvious

from the figure given by Brady in his work™ (fig. 25, pl. 23). In the

next place, the present species is in constant possession of a transverse

row of spines on furcal ramus, which seems to be absent in Brady’s

species, since this author neither mentions nor figures anything an-

swering to it.

The species is appearently an inhabitant of the muddy bottom

of lakes and marshes. My specimens were captured in the vicinity

of Sapporo, and it is of interest in fishcultural respect that the

animals are often found in the stomach of the carp. The breeding

season is not yet exactly known. I have found each egg-sac to

contain about 12 eggs.

8. Cyclops phaleratus japonicus n. subsp.

Pl. II, figs. 27—20.

Body appears to be rather short on account of the wide abdomen.

It gradually narrows backwards, just as in Canthocamptus. The

first antenna is short, not exceeding the first body segment in length.

Body brown in colour, eyes red, the second thoracic segment

practically colourless. All the 4 pairs of swimming feet are rather

short ; the 1-jointed fifth foot is likewise very short. On the hind

edge of abdominal segment there is on each side a strong spine

about equal to that segment in length. Mouth appendages small

and closely put together. Each ramus of furca is short and bears

three apical setae, of which the innermost is the longest, the

outermost the shortest, and the middle about half as long as the

former. Both the innermost and middle setae are not haired, but

(1) Brady, G. S., A monograph of the free and semi-parasitic Copepoda of the British

Island, vol. J, p. 116 (London),

104 SEIJI KOKUBO:

are furnished on their outer margin with a row of peculiar tubercular

bodies. Each ramus of furca is provided with a row of rod-like

processes, which row embraces the furca obliquely from the outside

at the end of the proximal third of its length (fig. 29). The

rods are longest in the middle of the row and become shorter by

degrees toward its both ends. Of this peculiar structure nothing is

given in Brady’s description (2. c.) of the type species, but it constitutes

a very characteristic feature of the form which is here made into a

new subspecies.

This cyclops is found in the vicinity of Sapporo, but seems to

be very rare.

JAPANESE FRESHWATER CYCLOPIEZ.

Explanation of PI. II.

Figs. 1—4, Cyclops serrulatus Fischer.

Left branch of furca.

Fifth foot.

First antenna.

Receptaculum seminis.

Figs. 5—7, Cyclops strenuus Fischer.

Dorsal view of female.

Fifth foot.

Receptaculum seminis.

Figs. 8— 12, Cyclops magnoctavus Cragin.

First antenna.

Fifth foot.

Maxilla.

Labrum.

Second maxilliped.

Figs. 13-15, Cyclops leuckarti G. O. Sars.

Dorsal view of female.

Fifth foot.

Three distal joints of first antenna.

Figs. 16—19, Cyclops signatus Koch.

Furca.

Three distal joints of first antenna.

Fifth foot.

Receptaculum seminis.

Figs. 20—23, Cyclops flexipes n. sp.

Dorsal view of female.

Fifth foot.

Right branch of furca.

First antenna.

105

398 x.

764 X.

232X.

337 X»

55X-

244 X.

150%.

334 X.

620%.

401 X..

AON SK c

496 X.

55X.

334X.

337 X-

250%.

I1OX.

85x.

334 X è

334X.

244X.

106 SEIJE KOKUBO:

Figs. 24—26, Cyclops soli n. sp.

Fig. 24. Dorsal view of female. LION.

> 25. Fifth foot. 398 X.

> 26. First antenna. 337%.

Figs. 27-29, Cyclops phaleratus japonicus n. subsp.

5 27. Dorsal view of female. 85 xX.

+ 28. Fifth foot. > 496X.

4 29. Distal part of furca. 244 X.

als

Die Termiten Japans.“

Von

Nils Holmgren

Stockholm.

Die Kenntniss der japanischen Termitenfauna war bis jetzt sehr

arm. Durch Reisenden wurden freilich zu verschiedenen Museen

einige sporadische Stücke heimgebracht, aber mit einer einzigen Aus-

nahme wurden sie nicht beschrieben. Auch muss zugestanden werden,

dass die Beschreibung von einer Imago hie, und einem Soldaten da,

von wenig Interesse war, und den Termitenforschern wenig anziehend

sein könnte. Seitdem aber nun die japanischen Forscher sich selbst

der Erforschung ihrer Fauna gewidmet haben, ist es ja zu erwarten,

dass sie mit gewöhnlicher Gründlichheit und Eifer die Kenntniss des

Tierweltes ihres Landes erforschen werden. In termitologischer Hin-

sicht ist nun diese Erforschung begonnen, und WATASE und HOZAWA

* The specimens of the Japanese termites, which formed the material for Prof. Holmgren’s

present paper, had been sent from the Zoological Institute of the Imperial University of

Tokio. Prof. Holmgren’s more detailed report on the Japanese termities will be incorporated

in his forthcoming Monographie der Termiten des orientalischen Regions.

As Prof. Holmgren points out, the species of the Japanese termites known to the natur-

alists of Europe and America have thus far been extremely Dante only two in fact. His

present paper brings them up to twelve.

In justice to the Japanese naturalists, how ever, it must not be supposed that they have

been indifferent to the rich termite fauna of the country. In fact, the termites have been

made the subject of much study within recent years in this country, chiefly in view of the

fact that some of the species do extensive injury to wooden structures.

Neither their systematics have been neglected on their part. Written in the Japanese

language, however, with no organization at present, whereby the contents of such produc-

tions are made intelligible to the workers of the western world, it is not to be expected

that such works reach very far, unless the authors took the trouble of translating them

themselves, which in the case of the Japanese termite literature, had never been done.

Although further details may be expected in his forthcoming monograph of the Oriental

termites, Prof. Holmgren’s present paper on the termites of Japan will be of much value

to all workers who are interested in the same subject, and to those who take interest in

the problem of zoogeography for this part of the world.— S. WATASE.

108 NILS HOLMGREN :

haben schon eine beträchtliche Sammlung besonders aus Formosa

zusammengebracht, welche Professor WATASE mir giitigst fiir Bearbei-

tung zur Verfügung stellte. Die Sammlung umfasst 17 Nummern.

Diese Sammlung ist besonders deshalb sehr werthvoll, weil sie von

den meisten Arten alle drei Stände enthält, ein Verhältnis, das leider

nicht für allen Sammlungen zutrifft.

Aus Japan waren bis jetzt nur zwei Termitenarten in der nicht

japanischen Litteratur behandelt, nämlich :

Leucotermes speratus (KOLBE.)

Coptotermes formose HOLMGREN.

Durch WATASÉ’s und HOZAWA’s Sammlungen ist nun die Kenntniss

der Termitenfauna Japans mit 10 Arten bereichert worden.

List der japanischen Termiten.

Fam. Protermitidæ HOLMGR.

Subfam. Termopsinæ HOLMGR.

Hodotermopsis japonicus, n. sp.

Subfam. Calotermitinæ HOLMGR.

Calotermes (Neotermes) koshunensis, n. sp.

as (Glyptotermes) satsumaensis, n. sp.

> (Glyptotermes) Hozawe, n. sp.

+ (Cryptotermes) formose, n. sp.

Fam. Mesotermitida HOLMGR.

Subfam. Leucotermitinæ HOLMGR.

Leucotermes speratus (KOLBE).

Subfam. Coptotermitine HOLMGR.

Coptotermes formose HOLMGR.

Arrhinotermes japonicus, n. Sp.

Fam. Metatermitida HOLMGR.

Mirotermes-Reihe

Capritermes sulcatus, n. sp,

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 109

Termes-Reihe

Odontotermes formosanus, n. Sp.

Syn LN

Eutermes, piciceps, n. sp.

» C)Watasei, n. sp.

Die Kenntniss, welche wir durch diese Sammulung erhalten haben,

erlaubt uns die Termitenfauna’ von Japan (mit Formosa) zu beurteilen.

Es scheint mir als waren zwei Elemente da vorhanden, namlich, ein

nördliches und ein südliches. Das nördliche wird von Leucotermes spera-

Zus und auch wahrscheinlich von Æodotermopsis japonicus* repräsen-

tiert. Alle übrige Arten sind rein südliche Formen, deren nächsten

Verwandten im Tropischen Ostindien vorkommen. Hier unten gebe ich

eine Liste der bis jetzt bekannten Japantermiten mit Angabe der

nachsten Verwandte und ihrer Heimat.

Nächste Verwandte

Deren Heimat

derselben

Japantermiten

Nordliche Arten :

Hodotermopsis japonicus,|| Hodotermopsis Sjöstedti| Tonkin

i. SD: HOLMGR.

Termopsis HEER. Nord-Amerika

Archotermopsis DESN. | Kashmir

* Amami-Oshima, where Hodotermopsis japonicus was found, is located in the semi-

tropical region of the Japanese Archipelago. Separated from two islands of Yakushima and

Tanégashima on the north-east, by a stretch of water 170 miles in length, called “ Shichito-

nada,” literally “ The Rough Sea of Seven Isles,” the island of Amami-Oshima marks off

the extreme north-eastern boundary of the Oriental Region; the two islands above named,

at the other end of the sea, forming the south-western out-posts of the Palearctic section of

the Japanese Empire. The details for the above view will be presented elsewhere, but

I am inclined to think that the new termite Zodotermopsis japonicus, instead of being a

representative of the northern species, must be considered as a distinct southern element. I

am the more disposed to take this view, since the species most nearly allied to it is found

in Tonkin, as Prof. Holmgren informs us.—S. WAT ASÉ.

NILS HOLMGREN :

Japantermiten

Nächste Verwandte

derselben

Deren Heimat

Leucotermes

(KOLBE)

Südliche Arten:

Neotermes koshunensis,

n. Sp.

Glyptotermes satsumaen-

S75, 0. Sp;

Glyptotermes

n. Sp.

Cryptotermes formose,

Nesp:

Coptotermes

HOLMGR.

Hozawe,

formose,

Arrhinotermesjaponicus,

n. sp.

Odontotermes formosa-

Hus, D. Ps

Capritermes sulcatus,

Te SD:

speratus,

L. flavipes KOLLAR.

L. lucifugus ROSSI.

virginicus BANKS.

militaris DESN.

laticollis HOLMGR.

artocarpi HAV.

papua DESN.

Schultzet HOLMGR.

brevicaudatus HAV.

dilatatus BUGN.

dentatus HAV.

domesticus HAV.

Hetmi \WASM.

C. travians HAV.

ceylonicus HOLMGR.

Arr. canalifrons SJOST.

Arr. inopinatus, SUN.

Arr. flavus, BUGN.

O. sinensis, n. sp.

O. assamensis, n. Sp.

O. dives HAG.

C. medius, n. sp.

Nord-Amerika

Europa, Nord-

Afrika

Nord-Amerika

Ceylon

Madagascar

Sarawak

Neu-Guinea |

Neu-Guinea

Sarawak

Ceylon

Sarawak

Singapore und

Sarawak

Vorderindien

Ceylon

Malayscher Halb-

insel, Borneo

Madagascar

Samoa-Inseln

Ceylon

China (Formosa ?)

Assam

Manila

Sarawak

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. ITI

Nächste Verwandte

derselben Deren Heimat

Japantermiten

| =

C. memorosus HAV. Sarawak

C. ceylonicus HOLMGR. | Ceylon

E. matongensiformis f.

3 Christmas Islands

obscurus, n. f.

Eutermes piciceps,n. sp.

Hinterindien, Neu

Guinea, Aus-

tralien, etc.

E. sarawakensis-

Gruppe

Eutermes Watasci, n. sp. | E. gracilirostris DESN. | Neu-Guinea

Von den oben erwähnten Gattungen ist die Verbreitung von Arrhino-

termes bemerkenswerth. Diese Gattung is nämlich bisjetzt nur auf

Inseln gefunden :

Arr. oceanicus WASM.—von den Cocos-Inseln (bei Costa Rica)

Arr. canalifrons SJOST.—aus Madagascar, Seychellen und Comoren

Arr. flavus BUGN.— von Ceylon

Arr. inopinatus SILV.—von den Samoa-Inseln

Arr. simplex HAG.—aus Cuba

Arr., n. sp.—aus der Jaluit-Atolle.

Diese Verbreitung ist ja sehr eigentümlich, und man wäre dazu geneigt

die Gattung als eine Insel-Gattung zu betrachten. Jedoch ist es wohl

möglich, dass diese Verbreitung nur auf mangelhafter Kenntniss beruht,

und dass es sich einmal zeigen wird, dass Arrhinotermes auch am

Festlande vorkommt. Diese deutet einige Stücke an, welche im Ham-

burger Museum vorkommen, die mit ‘ Costa Rica” bezettelt sind, und

die einer neuen Art angehören. Jedoch können sie recht wohl, auf

den Costa Rica Inseln gesammelt sein. Davon wissen wir jedoch

nichts.

112 NILS HOLMGREN:

Fam. Protermitidæ HOLMGR.

Subfam. Termopsinæ HOLMGR.

Gattung Hodotermopsis HOLMGR. (Termitenstudien II.)

Hodotermopsis japonicus, n. sp.

Imago: Unbekannt.

Soldat: Kopf braunrot, mit schwarzem Vorderteil. | Oberlippe

braun. Körper im übrigen rostgelb. Hinterleib mit grau durchschim-

merndem Darminhalt.

Behaarung sehr sparlich (hie und da einzelne Borsten !).

Kopf ziemlich flach, oval, nach vorn verschmälert, in der Mitte

etwas eingedrückt. Stirn gegen das Clypeobasale recht stark in der

Quere eingedriickt. Clypeobasale sehr kurz, durch die Eindrückung

sehr scharf von der Stirn begrenzt. Clypeoapicale weiss, mit gelblichen

Chitinstiitzen. Oberlippe beinahe sechseckig, mit abgerundeten Ecken

und vorn etwas eingedriickt. Antennenleisten mit einer deutlichen rund-

lichen Verbreitung oberhalb der Antennenwurzeln. Mandibeln kräftig,

mit der für Zodotermopsis (und Hodotermes !) charakteristischen Be-

zahnung. Der äussere Zahn des rechten Oberkiefers besitzt zwei

Spitzen, von denen besonders die hintere lang und zugespitzt ist.

Antennen lang, 25-gliedrig. Basis der äusseren Glieder beinahe

schaftförmig verschmälert, hell. 2. Glied kürzer als 3. und 4. zusam-

mengenommen; 3. Glied am kleinsten, quer; 4. so lang wie breit.

Pronotum halbmondförmig ohne prononcierten Vorderlappen, vorn

stark bogenfürmig konkav ; mit spitzen Vorderecken, hinten schwach

ausgerandet. Meso- und Metanotum quer elliptisch. Cerci lang, schmal

3-gliedrig. Styli lang und schmal.

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 113

H. japonicus H. Sjostedti

A B A B E,

Körperlänge 16 mm. | 14.5 mm.|| 14.5mm.| 15 mm.| 15 mm.

KopllänsemieMandibeln)) 7a, 10.54, 117.2. » |7.2 u 17.3 »

» ohne _,, AR OZ, ARE FAG a A oy

Kopf breite AO MBH eee ATA AO ARE,

Länge des Pronotums I AN ae DE N

Breite „, 2 2.06, |2-77 » {13-33 » | 3-14 » 13-33 „

Pa , Metanotums DACP spy 2.220 PRIN) 2500 CAVE op

Arbeiter: Es liegen einige Arbeiter vor, welche keine Spuren

von Fliigelscheiden besitzen. Sie sind deutlich kleiner als die Arbeiter

von A. Sjöstedti. Die Verschiedenheit geht aus den Massen hervor :

H. japonicus | H. Sjöstedti

A B CARRIER B E

Körplänge 12 mm.'10.5mm.) 11 mm.| 13mm. | 12 mm.| 11 mm.

Kopfbreite ZI De 27,0 3.07,, 3:07, | Sal. 55

Breite des Eronotums |1-96,,. 1u.89,,.|2 5, || 2-524, |2.59, 12.48 „,

Fundort: Amami-Oshima, 16. Apr. 1909, WATASE coll.

Bemerkung : Hodotermopsis japonicus steht FA. Sjöstedti aus

Tonkin sehr nahe und ist vielleicht nur eine Rasse von dieser Art und

unterscheidet sich hauptsächlich an der kleineren Statur. Morpholo-

gisch stimmen die beide Arten beinahe vollständig überein. Nur der

erste Zahn der linken Oberkiefer ist verschieden, indem er bei 7.

Japonicus eine kurze vordere und eine hintere (sehr) scharfe Spitze be-

sitzt. Bei A. Sjöstedti ist dieser Zahn aber einfach zweilappig mit

stumpfen Lappen.

Hodotermopsis Sjöstedti ist in meinen Termitenstudien II. photo-

graphisch abgebildet, und diese Abbildung giebt auch eine gute Vor-

stellung von Hf. japonicus.

114 NILS HOLMGREN :

Subfam. Calotermitinæ HOLMGR.

Gattung Calotermes Hac.

Untergattung Neotermes HOLMGR.

Calotermeys (Neotermes) koshumensis n. sp.

Imago: Kopf und Pronotum rotbraun, Kôrper im übrigen hell-

braun. Unterseite und Beine bräunlich gelb. Flügel hyalin, schwach

gelblich angehäucht, mit bräunlichen vorderen Rippen.

Behaarung spärlich.

Kopf breit oval; Facettenaugen mittelgross, flach. Ocellen von

mittler Grösse, dicht an den Augen gelegen. Clypeobasale sehr

kurz, von der Stirn gut abgegrenzt. Clypeoapicale gross, weiss, mit

Chitinstützen. Oberlippe schalenförmig gewölbt, stark geneigt. Man-

dibeln mit gewöhnlicher Calotermes-Bezahnung. Antennen 18-gliedrig ;

2. und 3. Glied etwa gleich lang; 4. undeutlich kürzer.

Pronotum breiter als der Kopf mit den Augen, quer, vorn konkav,

hinten schwach eingebuchtet, nahe dem Vorderrande mit zwei Quer-

eindrücken. Meso- und Metanotum hinten breit gerad, letzteres mög-

licherweise schwach konkav. Vorderflügel mit grosser Schuppe:

Flügelmembran grob und weitmaschig reticuliert. Die Subcosta reicht über

den ersten Drittel des Flügels und tritt basal, innerhalb der Schuppe,

in einer Costarippe ein. Der Radius erstreckt sich über zwei Drittel

des Flügels und besitzt vorn eine Subcostaverbindung. Radiussector,

mit ca. 4 längeren vorderen Zweigen und ebensoviele kurze Spitzen-

verbindungen. Die Mediana verläuft parallel mit dem Radiussector

mit dem sie durch ca. 12 Verbindungen vereint ist. .Cubitus mit ca.

14 Zweigen, von denen die 6-7 inneren kräftiger sind. Subcosta der

Hinterflügel rudimentär. Die Mediana geht von dem ersten Viertel

des Flügels aus. Alle Tibien mit 4 Apicaldornen. Onychium vor-

handen, ziemlich gross, viereckig. Cerci kurz. Styli beim $ vorhanden.

Länge mit Plugeln eae sme eee I5 mm.

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. IUS

Bause..ohne- Flügeln... Jar. ea 8.5-9 mm.

PS der Vorderflügel (ohne Schuppe).. 11.7 ,,

Kopkange:.. 1... Nor Sees ”

ISopPhseite. sk). See reac ee 17 Bets

Länge des Pronotums-.... 2.5... Sean I 3

Breite des o sono Peeves N Ko2 a;

Soldat: Kopf gelbrot, nach vorn gebräunt. Körper gelblich-

weisslich. Behaarung spärlich.

Kopf langgestreckt viereckig, ziemlich gewölbt. Stirn nach vorn

allmälig abfallend; Abfallender Teil in der Mitte ziemlich stark etwa

dreieckig eingedrückt. Facettenaugen als helle Flecke hervortretend.

Antennenleisten ein wenig verbreitert. Clypeobasale flach, sogar einge-

buchtet, quer viereckig, von der Stirn nicht deutlich abgegrenzt. Clypeo-

apicale kurz, quer viereckig. Oberlippe beinahe so lang wie breit, viereckig

mit abgegrundeten Ecken und vorn in der Mitte bisweilen etwas ein-

gedrückt. Linker Oberkiefer mit 6 Zähnen ausserhalb des Basal-

zahnes. Rechter mit 2 grossen Zähnen. Antennen 15-16-gliedrig.

3. Glied einwenig grösser als 2., stumpf kegelförmig; 4. viel kürzer

als 3. und so lang wie 5., etwa so lang wie breit.

Pronotum breiter als der Kopf, vorn stark konkav, hinten kaum

ausgerandet. Cerci kurz, Styli vorhanden. Beine kurz und dick,

Hüfte und Oberschenkel besonders kräftig.

ROHAN na 9-12.5 mm.

Kopflänge mit Oberkiefern............ 4.81 di

> ohne 1 LL FERRER 3.33 ”

INO ph DECICET Ine eee re e on. 2208 is

Tange. des? Promoemmsen a... git TT Fe

Breite ,, Spi AT rc 2.44 »)

Arbeiter mit und ohne Flügelscheiden, ebenso Nymphen liegen

vor. |

Fundort: Naha (Riu-kiu), 9. Apr. 1909, WATASE coll; Botel-

tobago (Formosa); WATASE coll.

116 NILS HOLMGREN :

Untergattung Glyptotermes HOLMGR.

Calotermes (Glyptotermes) satsumaensis, n. sp.

Imago: Kopf rötlich braun, Pronotum heller braun (braungelb).

Hinterlieb gelblich.

Behaarung sehr spärlich.

Kopf breit oval. Facettenaugen mittelgross, nur wenig ausstehend.

Ocellen klein, in der unmittelbaren Nähe der Augen gelegen.

Clypeobasale undeutlich begrenzt, sehr kurz. Clypeoapicale grösser,

weiss, mit Chitinisierungen. Labialpalpen kurzgliedrig. Antennen

15-gliedrig, kurz, nach aussen verdickt; 2. Glied so lang wie 3. und

4. zusammengenommen ; 3. kürzer als 4.

Pronotum schmäler als der Kopf, vorn stark konkav, hinten bogen-

formig. Flügel hyalin mit braunen vorderen Rippen, mit stark

höckeriger Flügelmembran. Radiussector und Mediana mit einander

parallel laufend ohne Zweigen, aber mit mehreren schwachen Ver-

bindungen. Cubitus sehr undeutlich, mit ca. 15 Zweigen.

Länge mit lige, era e 11.5 mm.

= ohne 4; Mes ET ER EE 7 Po

5 der Vorderfliigel (chne Schuppe).. 9 *

Kopllänge see se aie eee te eee EG fn

Iopibreite rs en LIRE A ITA

Lange desIPronotums oe 0:74: 35

Breite ,, MMP rn ors Coie oe 120,

Grosser Soldat: Kopf braunrot, nach vorn etwas gebräunt. Körper

gelblich-braungelblich.

Behaarung spärlich.

Kopf langgestreckt, parallelseitig rechteckig, viel länger als breit

(etwa doppelt), flach cylindrisch mit abfallender Stirn, der in der

Mitte rinnenförmig eingedrückt ist. Facettenaugenrudimente deutlich,

etwas gewölbt. Ocellen als helle Flecke im rudimentären Zustande vor-

handen. Clypeobasale sehr kurz, kaum abgegrenzt. Clypeoapicale

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 117

weiss, mit Chitinisierungen. Oberlippe über den ersten Drittel der Ober-

kiefer reichend, breiter als lang, mit beinahe kreisförmig abgerundeten

Spitze. Oberkiefer kurz und basal breit dreieckig, mit gekrümmter

Spitze. Linker Kiefer mit 3 deutlichen (und einen undeutlichen)

Zähnen oberhalb des Basalteiles. Rechter Kiefer mit zwei Zähnen,

beide innerhalb der Mitte. Antennen sehr kurz 13-gliedrig, nach aus-

sen etwas verdickt. 2. Glied kaum länger als breit, so lang wie 4.,

und etwas länger als 3.

Pronotum etwa so breit wie der Kopf, sehr kurz, vorn konkav,

mit stark abgerundeten Seiten und bogenförmigen Hinterrand. Meso-

und Metanotum mit kurzen Flügelscheiden. Beine kurz. Hinterleib

langgestreckt. Cerci wohlentwickelt. Styli vorhanden.

Iorpeclinec HAN En ie 11.5 mm.

Kopilange mie "Oberkiefern ........ .... 4520) ,,

Kopfänge ohne Oberkiefern"..... o. 22200.

RO pipe EME MERE. ane «hae ov ae Rao yp

iWancerdesMeronotums: SN ars: OWS vss

breites, ee N ir I07A 35

Kleiner Soldat: Stimmt beinahe vollständig mit den grossen

Soldaten. Pronotum ist aber vorn weniger stark konkav, besitzt

spitzwinkelig abgerundeten Vorderecken und geraden Hinterrand.

Pronotum ist relativ länger als bei den grossen Soldaten. Meso- und

Metanotum ohne Flügelscheiden.

Ror eran Seta ee ae sa 8.25 mm.

Koptlänge mit Oberkiefern.............. Zr

Po ohne RU TANTE ATTI DOTE

ODADICIÉ RTE n sea LAS

Wange. des Eronotumisert m .. oc... 007,

Breitez, a CEC RR CZ 5

Fs liegen einige Larven mit mehr oder weniger entwickelten

Fliigelscheiden vor.

Fundort : Formcsa, HOZAWA coll ; Provinz Satsuma (MATSUMURA).

118 NILS HOLMGREN:

Calotermes (Glyptotermes) Hozawe, n. sp.

Soldat: Kopf gelbrot-braunrot, nach vorn gebräunt. Pronotum

schwach gebräunt, Körper im übrigen gelblich-weiss, mit rot durch-

schimmerndem Darminhalt.

Behaarung spärlich.

Kopf dick, walzenförmig, beinahe cylindrish, etwa ein halbes Mal

länger als breit, fast so hoch wie breit. Stirn vorn recht stark ab-

fallend, in der Mitte recht stark eingedrückt. Seitenteile der Stirn

abgerundet, gewölbt. Transversalnaht sichtbar. Augenrudimente als

helle Flecke hervortretend. Clypeobasale sehr kurz, nicht deutlich

begrenzt. Clypeoapicale quer, weiss mit Chitinisierungen. Oberlippe

viereckig, etwas länger als breit, über zwei Drittel der zusammenge-

legten Oberkiefer reichend. Oberkiefer kurz und kräftig. Linker

Oberkiefer mit 3, rechter mit 2 schwachen Zähnen. Antennen sehr

kurz, nach aussen verdickt, 10-11-gliedrig. Wenn 10-gliedrig: 3.

Glied länger als 2., kegelformig ; 4. Glied viel breiter als 2., quer. Wenn

ı1-gliedrig: 3. Glied viel kleiner als 2.; 4. so lang wie 2., aber dicker

(das 3. Glied der 10-gliedrigen Antennen ist hier geteilt !). Endglied

oval, viel schmäler als das vorletzte.

Pronotum quer, viereckig, vorn etwas winkelig konkav, hinten

schwach ausgeschnitten. Seiten nach hinten schwach konversierend.

Meso- und Metanotum hinten sehr schwach ausgerandet. Hinterleib

langgestreckt. Cerci kurz. Styli vorhanden.

Körperlänge, . sais RO 9. mm.

Kopflänge mit) Öberkiefern . 2. er es 1.63 5,

i ohne Bee) NI o 20

Kopfbreite PRE EN RR OSG 45

Héhevides' Kopiest SRE ee Eee OS 4

Länge des Pronetas a ee ee 044%,

Breite ,, io 0:89 5

Es liegen einige etwa 6 mm. lange, schmale, relativ kleinköpfige

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 119

Larven und Nymphen vor. Arbeiter (?) mit sehr kurzen Flügelstum-

mein giebt es auch.

Fundort: Formosa, 3. Juni 1911. HOZAWA coll.

Bemerkung: Glyptotermes dentatus aus Sarawak steht am nächsten.

Diese Art besitzt aber als Soldat einen längeren und weniger dicken

Kopf und schmäleren Antennen.

Untergattung Cryptotermes BANKS.

Calotermes (Crytotermes) formosæ, n. sp.

Imago: Gelbbraun, Unterseite heller. Flügel irisierend, mit

braunen vorderen Rippen.

Behaarung spärlich.

Kopf langgestreckt, viereckig oval, nach vorn kaum verschmälert.

Augen klein, wenig ausstehend. Ocellen ziemlich klein, den Augen

berührend. Kopfnähte nicht sichtbar. Transversalband mit einer Y-

förmigen hellen Fleck. Clypeobasale sehr klein ; Clypeoapicale länger,

hell. Oberlippe stark geneigt, schalenförmig. Antennen ziemlich

lang, loose gegliedert, 15-gliedrig. 2. Glied ungefär so lang wie 3.; 4.

etwas kürzer, quer; 7. Glied so lang wie breit ; übrige länger als breit.

Pronotum quer, viereckig, mit abgerundeten Ecken, vorn etwas

konkav, transversal gewölbt. Meso- und Metanotum hinten breit, ge-

rade abgeschnitten. Flügelmembran stark warzig. Subcosta rudimentär.

Radius sich über den ersten Viertel des Vorderfliigels streckend.

Radiussector mit etwa 7-8 Zweigen, von denen die erste im inneren

Viertel des Flügels beginnt. Mediana und Cubitus sehr schwach

markiert. Die Mediana vereinigt sich an der Austrittstelle des Vier-

ten Radiussectorzweiges mit dem Radiussector. Cubitus mit ca. 12-

13 Zweigen. Die Spitze desselben kehrt sich etwas nach vorn und

endet in der Flügelspitze. Cerci kurz. Styli beim ?.

Tansssmit Pitselne L. on... Len 8-8.5 mm.

a ohne ,, A beet te ae BE »)

MI den VorderHusel.. ua 6-6.5 =

120 NILS HOLMGREN :

Länge des Kopfes 2... 1.04-1.26 mm.

Breite ,, 7 tate RIO ee 0.85-0.99 ,,

Länge MPronotums te eo O.44-0.55 5,

Breite „, A hah re MENT 0.85-0.92 ,,

Soldat: Stimmt beinahe vollständig mit Cryptotermes domesticus

aus Sarawak, ist aber grésser und dunkler gefärbt.

Kopf im Nacken rotbraum, sonst schwarz; Antennen und Hinter-

leib rostbraun. Thorax und Reine ziemlich dunkelbräunlich. Kopf

vorn nicht zweilappig. Antennen, Pronotum, etc. wie bei C7.

domesticus.

Cr. formose Cr. domesticus

Körperlangen. nn. 2.0 ee 4.5-5 .mm. 4 mm.

Kopflinge mit Oberkiefern. 1.78 + neces

Cr. formose Cr. domesticus

Kopflänge ohne Oberkiefern. 1.48 mm. 1.29 mm.

IRopfibreite Rene OE 1.18-1.26 ,, WO 205

Länge des Pronotums.. ... 0.63-1.74 mm. 0.52 mm.

Breite 5, esl LR TS 1.15 5 I 5

Nymphen, Arbeiter (?) und Larven von verschiedener Grösse liegen

vor.

Fundort: Botel-tobago (Formosa), 14. Juni 1911; HOZAWA

coll. Formosa, Museum Wien.

Bemerkung: Die Imagines dieser Art sind von Cr. domesticus

(HAv.) leicht zu unterscheiden, indem die Mediana bei Cr. domesticus

etwa an der Mitte des Flügels mit dem Radiussector vereint. Bei C7.

formose vereinen sie sich erst weit ausserhalb der Flügelmitte. Aus-

serdem ist Cr. formose grösser. Die beide Arten stehen aber ein-

ander äusserst nahe, und es wäre vielleicht berechtigt sie nur als

Rassen einer Art aufzufassen.

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 121

Fam. Mesotermitidæ HOLMGR.

Subfam. Coptotermitinæ HOLMGR.

Gattung Coptotermes WASM.

Coptotermes formosa HOLMGR.

Imago: Kopf braun, nach vorne heller. Clypeus und Mundteile

gelb. Pronotum gelbbraun mit Y-formiger Zeichnung noch heller.

Hinterleib oben hellbraun, unten gelb. Tibien und Tarsen etwas dunkler

als die hellgelblichen Oberschenkel. Flügel hyalin, gelblich ange-

haucht, mit braunen vorderen Rippen.

Behaarung lang und dicht. Besonders die Flügel sind dicht und

recht lang behaart.

Kopf breit oval, beinahe kreisrund. Augen mittelgross, etwas

ausstehend. Ocellen von den Augen nur wenig entfernt. Fontanelle

wenig sichtbar, punktformig, etwas erhaben ; Stirn in Umgebung der

Fontanelle fein runzelig. Clypeobasale sehr kurz. Oberlippe klein,

nach aussen erweitert. Antennen 21-gliedrig; 2. Glied so lang wie

3. und 4. zusammengenommen ; 3. Glied kürzer als 4.

Pronotum halbmondförmig, hinten schwach eingeschnitten. Flügel

lang, stark behaart. Mediana einfach oder nur wenig geteilt. Cubitus

mit ca. 10 Zweigen, von denen die inneren kräftiger sind. Ein schwaches

“Subcostalstrich ” kommt vor.

nee atte ioe mer zer ua. 14-15-16 mm.

» Che MM e n 6.5-8 n

se der Vondenfimoelpi senno... 11-12 si

A B €

Länge des Kopfes.. 1.63 mm. 1.66 mm. 1.6 mm.

Breite ,, Bi I ASSISI 59, 1.55 »

Länge ,, Pronotums 0.81 ,, OVS Renae OS à

Breite ,, > TAT, TAA 55 IE

Soldat: Stimmt so vollständig mit Coplotermes ceylonicus überein

122 NILS HOLMGREN :

dass ich die beiden Arten nicht sicher unterscheiden kann. C. for-

mose ist aber vielleicht etwas grösser.

Arbeiter: Nicht deutlich von C. ceylonicus verschieden.

Fundort: Naha, WATASE coll; Formosa, WATASE, HOZAWA

coll, Formosa, OSHIMA, coll; Kagoshima, IKEDA coll; Marugame,

NAKAYAMA coll.

Bemerkung: Die Imagines von C. formose lassen sich leicht

von der übrigen Coplotermes Imagines unterscheiden. Schon ihre

Grösse reicht aus, um sie den bisjetzt bekannten Arten zu differen-

zieren. Ausserdem sind die Fliigel viel stärker behaart als bei den

nahestehenden C. Haviland und C. ceylonicus.

Was aber den Soldaten betrifft, so kônnen die meisten indischen

Coptotcrmes Arten nicht ganz sicher von einander in gewöhnlicher

Weise getrennt werden. Nur C. Gestroi ist von den übrigen durch

seinen flachen breiten Kopf und vorn tief eingeschnittenen breiten

Pronotum leicht zu unterscheiden.

Gattung Arrhinotermes WASM.

Arrhinotermes japonicus, n. sp.

Imago: Unbekannt.

Soldat: Kopf und Pronotum hellgelb. Kôrper strohgelb.

Behaarung sehr spärlich.

Kopf breit oval, nach vorn verschmälert, ziemlich flach.

Fontanelle in normaler Lage, kreisrund, mit sehr deutlicher Fonta-

nellendriise. Von der Fontanelle geht nach vorn eine deutliche Rinne.

Facettenaugen deutlich, weisslich. Clypeobasale kurz. Oberlippe zun-

genförmig mit breit abgerundeter hyaliner Spitze. Oberkiefer säbel-

förmig, mit Coptotermes Bezahnung. Antennen 17-gliedrig; 2. Glied

so lang wie 3., oder kaum bemerkbar kürzer ; 4. etwas kürzer als 3.

Pronotum flach, viel schmäler als der Kopf, vorn etwas konkav,

hinten kaum eingeschnitten.

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 123

Arr. japonicus Arr. canalifrons

ance des Koplese "7"... 207 mm. 6 mm.

Kopflänge mit Oberkiefern.. 27 ,, 2 AS;

he ohne ss Me 1.700). 250,

Keopfibreiter, jee ba aes. WAIT 5, 120%:

Länge des Pronotums...... Os5O) ss ONE

Breite „, HA cee MES IST, WO", oy,

Arbeiter: Kopf weisslich-gelb. Körper weissslich.

Kopf beinahe kreisrund, dick. Facettenaugen als deutliche helle

Flecke vorhanden. Fontanelle dreieckig, weiss. Kopfnahte nicht

sichtbar. Clypeobasale etwas gewölbt, kürzer als seine halbe Breite.

Antennen 14-16-gliedrig. 3. Glied bei 14-gliedrigen so lang wie 2.;

bei 16-gliedrigen ist 3. Glied in drei kurzen glieder geteilt.

Pronotum flach, halbkreisformig. Meso- und Metanotum breiter,

quer, elliptisch.

NOA Ales WO ee acc 4-4.5 mm.

OPPIO PR ose ei tu. 1.07-1.26 ,,

Breiter des Pronotums rt |. 0.74-006 ,,

Ergatoide Geschlechtstiere: Liegen in Mengen vor.

Braungelb, glatt.

Kopf beinahe kreisrund. Kopfnähte sichtbar. Fontanelle gross,

dreieckig-oval. Facettenaugen klein, weisslich. Ocellen sehr klein, von

den Augen wenig entfernt. Clypeobasale gewölbt, kürzer als seine

halbe Breite. Antennen 16-19-gliedrig. Glieder 3.-6. sehr kurz. Anten-

nen in der Mitte am dicksten, gegen die beiden Enden verschmälert.

Pronotum flach, schmäler als der Kopf. Meso- und Metanotum

etwas breiter als Pronotum, mit oder ohne Flügelscheiden.

Grösse sehr variabel.

IAN ee ae 4.2-5.3 mm.

LO sO) Seite ars a et... 1.15-1.22-1.4I „

Breite des Fronotums. .......... 0:92-1.26 =

Fundort : Botel-tobago, HOZAWA coll.

124 NILS HOLMGREN :

Bemerkung : Diese Art steht der madagascarischen Arr. canalifrons

(Sj.) am nächsten, und die Soldaten der beiden Arten lassen sich bei-

nahe nur an den Dimensionen unterscheiden. Die ergatoide Gesch-

lechtstiere sind besonders im Bau der Antennen verschieden, indem

diese bei Arr. japonicus in der Regel in der Mitte etwas verdickt und

nur 16-19-gliedrig sind, wahrend jene bis 22-gliedrige Antennen besitzt.

Ferner sind das Mesonotum und Metanotum bei Arr. canalifrons viel

breiter als bei Arr. japonicus und besitzen grossen Fliigelscheiden.

Bei Arrhinoterines sind die Fliigelscheiden der Nymphen hinten

mit ihren Spitzen verwachsen, ein Verhältnis, das sonst, wie ich weiss,

nur bei Serritermes vorkommt.

Arrhinotermes flavus BUGN. aus Ceylon ist durch Grösse und

Färbung bedeutend verschieden. Hingegen steht Arr. ¢xopinatus

SILV. aus den Samoa-Inseln ziemlich nahe.

Mein Material scheint anzudeuten, dass Entwicklung von ergatoi-

den Geschlechtstieren aus wenigstens älteren Larvenstadien möglich

wäre. Interessant wäre es, wenn man die larvale Entwicklung dieser

Art auf einen grossen Material studieren konnte. Ich glaube, dass

eine solche Untersuchung recht viel neues und überraschenden

darbieten würde.

Subfam. Leucotermitinæ HOLMGR.

Gattung Leucotermes SILV.

Leucotermes speratus (KOLBE.)

Fundort: Amami-Oshima, 18. Apr. 1909, WATSE coll.

Tokio, 6. Mai 1911, HOZAWA coll.

Formosa, 22. Mai 1911, WATASE und

HOZAWA coll.

Idzu, 11. Apr. 1911, HOZAWA coll.

Formosa, 23. Mai. 1911, HOZAWA coll.

Formosa, OSHIMA coll.

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 125

Botel-tobago, 15. Juni 1911, HOZAWA coll.

Bemerkung: Leucotermes speratus ist als Imago von allen

übrigen bisjetzt beschriebenen Zexcotermes-Arten an dem hellgelben

Pronotum sogleich zu trennen. Er gehört sonst der Gruppe von

dunkelgefärbten Zexcozermes-Arten, welche nur in relativ nördlichen

Klima vorkommen. Hierzu gehören ausserdem: Z. lucifugus

Ross, Z. flavipes KOLLAR und Z. virginicus BANKS, welche alle

vorliegen. Zur Unterscheidung dieser Arten teile ich hier ein

Schema mit.

Imagines.

A. Pronotum hellgelb. Flügelretikulation sehr kräftig.

'L. speratus KOLBE.

B. Pronotum von. derselben Farbe wie der Kopf, braunschwarz.

a. Antennen 16-gliedrig. Länge mit Flügeln 7-7.5 mm.

L virginicus BANKS.

aa. Antennen 17-gliedrig. Länge mit Flügeln 9-12 mm.

6. Länge mit Flügeln 9 mm. Schienen immer

weissgelblich. Fühler gegen die Spitze hin dicker.

Ocellen von den Augen um mehr als ihren

Durchmesser entfernt.

L. flavipes KOLLAR.

bb. Länge mit Flügeln 11-12 mm. Schienen immer

bräunlich angehaucht, bis braun. Fühler gleich von

der Basis an dicker. Ocellen von den Augen kaum

um ihren Durchmesser entfernt.

L. lucifugus ROSSI.

Soldaten.

A. Vorderkopf stark aufgetrieben, sich über die Niveau des

übrigen Kopfes aufhebend. Vorderkopfrinne tief.

126 NILS HOLMGREN :.

a. Kleiner: Länge des Kopfes mit Kiefern 2.66 mm.

Breite des Kopfes 1.11 mm. Breite des Pronotums 0.78

mm. Kopf bisweilen nach vorn sehr schwach ver-

schmälert.

L. speratus KOLBE.

aa. Grosser: Länge des Kopfes 2.85 mm. Breite des

Kopfes 1.22 mm. Breite des Pronotums 0.92 mm. Kopf

nach vorn nicht verschmälert.

L. flavipes KOLLAR.

BD. Vorderkopf sich kaum über die Niveau des übrigen Kopfes

hebend. Vorderkopfrinne seicht.

a. Oberlippe oval, mit abgerundeter Spitze. Kopflänge 2.48

ınm. Kopfbreite 1 mm. Breite des Pronotums 0.78 mm.

L. virginicus BANKS.

aa. Oberlippe dreieckig, zugespitzt. Kopflänge 2.4 mm. Kopf-

breite 1.11 mm. Breite des Pronotums 0.81 mm.

E. lucifugus ROSSI

Wie aus dieser Ubersicht hervorgeht, sind die Soldaten dieser

vier Arten einander äusserst ähnlich, und die Unterscheidung der-

selben, ohne zugehörigen Imagines, muss deshalb als sehr misslich be-

trachtet werden. Angaben von Funden von Soldaten, wo Imagines

nicht gleichzeitig vorhanden sind, z. B. von ZL. flavipes ausserhalb

Amerika z. B. in Japan, miissen deshalb als recht zweifelhaft ange-

sehen werden.

”

In den obigen Übersichten fehlt “ Leucotermes vilis (HAV.),” eine

Art, welche ich, DESNEUX folgend und ohne eigene Kenntnis, als ein

Leucotermes aufgefasst habe. Nach dem ich aber nun Exemplare

dieser Termite untersucht habe, finde ich, dass sie gar keine Zexco-

termes-Art ist. ‘* Termes vilis HAV.” steht “ Eutermes desertorum

DESN.” aus Afrika am nächsten und repräsentiert wahrscheinlich eine

neue Gattung, welche in der Nähe von Hamitermes SILV. steht.

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 127

Fam. Metatermitidæ HOLMGR.

Termes-Reihe.

Gattung Odontotermes HOLMGR.

Odontotermes formosanus, n. sp.

Imago: Kopf schwarzbraun, Korper etwas heller. Umgebung

der Fontanelle, Vorderrand des Transversalbandes, Antennflecken,

Clypeobasale, Mundteile, Antennen, T-Zeichnung und Schulterflecken

des Pronotums und Unterseite gelblich. Abdominalsternite doch grau-

gelblich. Flügel gelblich-schwarzbraun.

Behaarung dicht, gelbbraun.

Kopf breit oval, nach vorn verschmälert. Augen ziemlich klein,

ausstehend. Ocellen mittelgross bis klein, meistens um mehr als ihren

Durchmesser von den Augen entfernt. Fontanelle erhaben. Trans-

versalband beiderseits der Mittellinie etwas eingedrückt. Clypeobasale

den Mandibelkondylen erreichend, hellgelb, vorn ausgerandet, (rela-

tiv) kurz, flach gewölbt, braun behaart. Antennen 10-gliedrig. 2.

Glied viel länger als 3.; 3. so lang wie 4.; 5. unbedeutend kürzer.

Pronotum wie bei O. sinensis. Mesonotum etwas tiefer aus-

geschnitten als Metanotum.

Anse tnt Ie ele 34.2. creme ee le 26-30 mm.

m ohne 5 ses tees LIARS: ;

sa der, Veosdenfiliizelto seen. PAT

Koplensekr Rs ee Sai cla 277 |

Kopfbreiter 72 A) et oust eu Sousse 25 +

Breite des Pronetums-. gui un... 2.38 5

Lance, % RE Mare ne ns s ne cd oe Tes È

Königin: Eine junge Königin liegt vor. Die Körperseiten sind

warzig fein pigmentiert.

Soldat: Dem nahestehenden Odontotermes assamensis n. sp. dus-

128 NILS HORMGREN :

serst ähnlich, und sogar kaum von dieser Art mit vollständiger

Sicherheit zu trennen. Die Kopfseiten sind aber bei O. assamensis

bogenförmig nach vorn deutlich konvergierend, bei O. formosanus

hingegen gerade und nach vorn nur sehr schwach konvergierend.

Kopf rotgeib-braun. Körper weissgelblich mit weissen Flecken

und durchschimmernden Darminhalt.

Kopf nach vorn nur wenig verschmälert, parallelseitig. Fontanel-

len nicht sichtbar. Oberlippe zungenförmig, vorn abgerundet. Linker

Oberkiefer mit einem scharfen Zahn ausserhalb der Mitte. Rechter

Kiefer mit einem äusserst schwachen Zahn ausserhalb der Mitte.

Antennen 16-17-gliedrig. 2. Glied so lang wie 3. und 4. zusammen-

genommen (bei assamensis gewöhnlich kürzer als 3. und 4.).

Pronotum vorn deutlich ausgeschnitten (bei assamensis nur sehr

schwach).

O. formosanus O. assamensis

Körperlänge u ans . 1 4:2-6. “mm. 4.2 mm.

Kopflänge mit Oberkiefern.. 2.1-2.26 ,, DS

i ohne n + AIO! TAT,

Kopfbreite 7... via meses Reo T.15=1.22. ,, LLP

Breite des -Pronottims en 0081-0600, GS es;

Arbeiter (zwei Grossen) : Kopf gelb, Körper weisslich.

Behaarung ziemlich dicht.

Kopf breit oval, Kopfnähte nicht sichtbar. Fontanelle undeutlich.

Clypeus recht flach, kürzer als seine halbe Breite. Mundpartie ziem-

lich ausgezogen, Oberlippe wenig stark geneigt. Antennen 17-gliedrig.

2. Glied so lang wie 3. und 4. zusammengenommen ; 4. etwas länger

als 3.; 5. so lang wie 3. (bei den kleinern Arbeitern ist 2. Glied so

lang wie die drei folgenden zusammengenommen).

Pronotum vorn etwas ausgeschnitten. Hinterleib ziemlich dick,

gewölbt.

Körperlänge rer 5 mm 4 mm.

Köpflänge 1.2. Kr anne 1.953; 1.2820

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 129

IMopibreiten tion 1.44 mm. 0.92 mm.

Breite des Pronotums. .... 0:81 ,, 9032 5

Fundort: Formosa, 7. Mai 1911; WATASE, HOZAWA und YASUDA

coll.

Tamsui, HIRTH coll, Museum Wien;

Hongkong, RANSONET coll., ,, ear as

Siam (Bangkok), 45 u et

China, Canton und Futschau, (Prov. FOKIEN), Hamburg.

Bemerkung: Betreffs der Imagines ist diese Art mit O. dives, O.

javanicus, n. sp., O. Buitenzorgi am nächsten verwandt. Von O. dives

unterscheiden sie sich leicht an der haarigen Stirn. O. javanicus ist

nur wenig verschieden. Der geibe Vorderteil des Transversalbandes

(bei O. formosanus sind nur die Vorderecken hell gelb), die wenig

erhabenen Innenränder der Ocellen und die nicht flachgedrückte Stirn

unterscheidet O. javanicus von O. formosanus. Ebenso ist O. formosanus

viel dunkler gefärbt mit schwarzbraunen Flügeln. O. Buttenzorgi

besitzt in den grossen Mandibelkondylen eine Eigenschaft, welche sie

von O. formosanus sofort unterscheidet.

Von O. assamensis, dessen Soldaten und Arbeiter kaum von ©.

formosanus unterschieden werden können, ist O. formosanus als Imago

sehr verschieden. O. assamensis (Imago) ist viel grösser (Breite

des Kopfes 2.76 mm., Breite des Pronotums 2.62 mm.). Die Ocellen

liegen bei O. assamensis nur um ihren kürzeren Durchinesser von den

Augen entfernt (bei formosanus sind die Ocellen viel weiter von den

Augen getrennt). O. formosanus ist vier dunkler gefärbt. Die Soldaten

und Arbeiter von O. formosanus sind von denjenigen von O. assamensis

kaum verschieden und erinner uns auch sehr an O. obesus und O.

Redemannt, aber die Lage der linken Mandibelzahn unterscheiden diese

letzteren von den ersteren.

130 NILS HORMGREN:

Mirotermes-Reihe.

Gattung Capritermes WASM.

Capritermes sulcatus, n. sp.

Imago: Kopf dunkelbraun; Clypeus gelblich; Antennen braun,

hell geringelt. Pronotum heller als der Kopf, mit gelblicher T-förmiger

Zeichnung. Meso- und Metanotum gelblich. Abdominaltergite braun.

Sternite besonders in der Mitte heller. Flügel dunkel. Mit braun-

schwarzen vorderen Rippen. Ubrige Rippen auch deutlich.

Kopf und Pronotum ziemlich dicht und etwas anliegend weisslichgelb

behaart.

Kopf breitoval, nach vorn verschmälert. Facettenaugen ziemlich

klein, etwas ausstehend. Ocellen nach seitwärts blickend, von den

Augen um etwas weniger als ihren Durchmesser entfernt. Fontanelle

recht gross, oval, weiss, stark eingegraben in einer recht tiefen nach

vorne zweigeteilten Grube gelegen. Clypeobasale kirzer als seine halbe

Breite, flach. Erster Zahn der Oberkiefer kaum grösser als 2. oder

wenigstens nicht viel grösser. Antennen 15-gliedrig. 2. Glied etwas

kürzer als 3. und 4. zusammengenommen; 3. Glied kürzer als 4.

Pronotum klein mit nach hinten stark konvergierenden Seiten, vorn

in der Mitte schwach eingeschnitten, hinten recht deutlich ausgerandet.

Mesonotum hinten etwas tiefer eingeschnitten als Metanotum. Flügel-

membran dicht und fein bestachelt (“punktiert”). Von dem Basalteil des

Radiussectors gehen einige schwach rückläufge Rippen aus. Mediana

mit 2-3 Zweigen, Cubitus mit 7-8.

Länge mit Hlüseln.. SARNO 12.2 unin

Pe Cline Ege Ws he, ANR Cee cree 8 1

5 «der Vofdenitoeln mr ee 10.3 5,

sy. des RG plone rete as ats eee eee 1.15 ”

Breite ,, RAS ario 1.07 9

Lange des ‘Pronotums 30... << ene O2 ”

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 131

Breite ,, N ee Ste 0.81 mm.

Soldat: Kopf hellgelb-rotbraun oder gelbrot, in letzem Falle nach

vorn deutlich gebräunt. Körper strohgelb oder mit schwach gebräun-

ten Tergiten.

Kopf mit einigen Borsten besetzt. Abdominalplatten kurz behaart,

mit einer hinteren Borstenreihe.

Kopf langgestreckt, rectangulär, etwa doppelt länger als breit.

Sagittalnaht rinnenförmig, bei den ausgefärbten Exemplaren von einer

scharfen schwarzen Linie markiert, welche die Fontanelle nicht ganz

erreicht. Fontanelle klein, offen, mit Fontanellendriise. Clypeobasale

sehr schmal. Oberlippe relativ kurz, an der Spitze nicht besonders tief

ausgeschnitten, Zinken der Oberlippe kurz. Linker Mandibel stark

gekrümmt, rechter relativ gerade. Antennen 14-gliedrig. 3. Glied etwas

länger als 2.; 4. kürzer als 2.; 5. etwas länger als 3.

Pronotum sattelförmig, vorn sehr schwach ausgeschnitten.

Korpetllänme rt nin na 6 mm.

Kopflänge mit Oberkiefern .......... 37 »

a ohne 5 ER ee 2:07 2.29 +55

Keopfibreite spy sn eee ns. TUT x

breitendesmeronotnimsae are nee 0.67-0.89 ,,

Arbeiter: Weisslich.

Kopf dünn behaart, Körper dichter.

Kopf etwas pentagonal abgerundet. Clypeobasale etwas kürzer als

seine halbe Breite, etwas aufgetrieben, hinten schwach konvex, vorn

gerade begrenzt. Antennen 14-gliedrig. 2. Glied etwa so lang wie 3.

und 4. zusammengenommen.

Pronotum sattelförmig, vorn nicht ausgerandet.

Caprit. sulcatus Caprit. nemorosus.

Körperlänge, 7... (4)-4.5 mm. 4 mm.

Kopflange, „2... Ke lad 5 1.07 55

Kopfbreiter . 60% 45.2: 0.89 2 O81 4

132 NILS HORMGREN :

Breite des Pronotums 0.55 5 0.52 mm.

Fundort: Formosa. 23. Mai und 3. Juni 1911, HozAwa coll.

Bemerkung: Diese Art steht Capriterines nemorosus nahe, ist aber

grösser. Sie unterscheidet sich im Imagozustand ausserdem an den 15-

gliedrigen Fühlern (C. nemorosus besitzt 14-gliedrigen), deren 3. Glied

sehr kurz ist (bei C. nemorosus länger als 2.), an der grossen länglichen

Fontanelle (bei C, nemorosus kaum sichtbar), und an der dunkleren

Färbung.

Als Soldat unterscheidet sich Capritermes sulcatus von C. nemorosus

an den tief gerinten Kopf, an der kürzeren, weniger tief ausgeschnitte-

nen Oberlippe, deren Zinken kürzer sind als bei C. zemorosus in welchem

die lange Oberlippe relativ langen Zinken besitzt.

Die Arbeiter unterscheiden sich hauptsächlich in der Grösse. Siehe

oben! Ausserdem ist bei C. nemorosus das Clypeobasale oft vorn etwas

konkav begrenzt, und der Kopf etwas mehr gerundet.

Syntermes-Reihe.

Gattung Eutermes MULL.

Untergattung Eutermes s. st. HOLMGR.

Eutermes (Eutermes) piciceps n. sp.

Imago: Kopf dunkelbraun, mit rostgelben Clypeobasale und

Antennen, bisweilen auch mit ebenso gefarbtem Vorderteil des Trans-

versalbandes. Pronotum, Meso- und Metanotum rostgelb-hellgelb, etwas

gebräunt. Abdominaltergite braun, Sternite viel heller-rostgelb, in der

Mitte noch heller. Bein rostgelb. Flügel gelbbraun, mit dunkelbraunen

Rippen.

Behaarung dicht, etwas gelblich.

Kopf schr breit, etwa so breit wie lang oder sogar etwas breiter.

Facettenaugen sehr gross, Ocellen ziemlich gross, von den Augen nur

wenig getrennt, Innenrand stark aufgehoben, so dass ein Querwall

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 133

zwischen den Ocellen entsteht. Fontanelle klein, spaltformig. Umgebung

derselben in weitem Umkreis eingedriickt. Clypeobasale sehr kurz, viel

kürzer als seine halbe Breite. Antennen 15-16-gliedrig. 15-gliedrig:

2. Glied so lang wie 3.; 4. kürzer als 2. 16-gliedrig: 3. Glied viel

kürzer als 2. und kürzer als 4, welches etwas kürzer ist als 2.

Pronotum schmäler als der Kopf, vorn und hinten nur sehr wenig

eingeschnitten. Mesonotum hinten breit aber sehr seicht ausgerandet.

Metanotum hinten beinahe gerade. Zwischen der Mediana und dem

Radiussector können rücklaufende Radiussectorzweige vorkommen oder

fehlen. Ein Subcostalstrich ist öfters vorhanden. Die Mediana besitzt

1-2-3 Spitzenzweigen und auch oft kurze vordere Querzweige welche

gegen dem Radiussector verlaufen. Cubitus mit ca. 10-11 Zweigen,

von denen die 6-7 inneren dichter sind als die übrigen.

Ränsgermitsliluselna En neuen: 15 mm.

= GINS: Jehan) I see 77.5, 95

x des Vorderlügele. ca 2.00% OURS

ERG CMe ee a eine een Br 15291 5;

KODIDICE PRET IAE nee re BASS. 55

PanccsdessEtonotams: aa as rear oA,

Breite 5; u EN 1,22 6

Soldat: Kopf schwarzbraun. Körper rostgelb-rostbraun.

Kopf mit nur einigen Borsten. Abdominaltergite glatt, mit Borsten

nur am Hinterrande.

Kopf beinahe kreisrund, nach vorn gegen der Nasenbasis allmählich

verschmälert. Nase kegelförmig. Stirnprofil vollständig gerade. Anten-

nen meistens 14-gliedrig. 3. Glied kürzer als 2.; 4. so lang

wie 2.; 5. etwa wie 4.; übrige Glieder allmählich länger.

Pronotum nicht besonders tief sattelförmig ; Vorderrand ohne oder

mit einer schwachen Einschnitt.

RITTER a ee nihil 3.7. 200:

Mop eee rae en. lite s HOT >,

Open tn aies Pedal 4.5;

134 NILS HORMGREN :

Lange der Nase’ vl. AA HR ERA 0.78 mm.

Preite:des Pratiotums 2. Rene 0:03: Ae,

Arbeiter (zwei grosse): Kopf braun mit hellen Kopfnahte, Anten-

nen rostgelblich. Kérper rostgelb-rostbraunlich.

Behaarung ziemlich diinn.

Kopf breit oval. Kopfnähte sehr deutlich, weisslich. Transvers-

alband etwas (unbedeutend) heller als der Kopf. Clypeobasale (sehr)

klein. Antennen bei dem grösseren Arbeiter schmal, 15-gliedrig. 3.

Glied kürzer als 2. und etwa so lang wie 4. Bei den kleineren

Ardeitern sind die Antennen 14-gliedrig. 3. Glied kürzer als 2.; 4.

kürzer als 3.

Pronotum bei den grösseren Arbeitern vorn deutlich ausgeschnitten,

bei den kleineren nicht eingeschnitten.

Kleiner Arbeiter. Grosser Arbeiter.

Körperlänge. ngn 3.5 mm. 5-5.5 mm.

Kopfbreites 4.2 ee 10700; RASTA

Breite des Pronotums .. 0.63 ,, 0:89. (ig

Fundort; Formosa. 29 April, 1911, INAMURA coll. ;

Botel-tobago, HOZAWA coll. ; Christmas Island, Museum

Wien.

Bemerkung; Diese Art steht dem Zutermes piciceps von den

Christmas Inseln so äusserst nahe, dass ich es nicht für berechtigt

halte sie zu unterscheiden. Bei der Imago sind die Facettenaugen der

Formosastücke vielleicht etwas grösser, und der Kopf ist auch etwas

breiter. (Bei den Christmas Inseln Exemplaren 2.48 mm.). Die Soldaten

stimmen vollständig überein. Bei den Formosa Exemplaren können

sie etwas dunkler sein als bei den Christmas-Island Exemplaren.

Eutermes (Eutermes) Watasei n. sp.

Imago: Kopf braun, Clypeus hellgelb. Pronotum etwas heller

als der Kopf, mit eingedrückter, undeutlicher T-förmiger Zeichnung.

Vorderteil der Pterothoraxnota hellgelb. Abdominaltergite braun,

DIE TERMITEN JAPANS. 135

Sternite besonders in der Mitte heller. Tibien gebräunt. Flügel

schwarzbraun mit schwarzen Rippen. Zwischen Mediana und Cubitus

weisslich.

Behaarung ziemlich dicht.

Kopf breit ovai, nach vorn etwas verschmälert. Augen klein,

etwas ausstehend. Ocellen mittelgross, seitwärts blickend, von den

Augen um ihren Durchmesser entfernt. Stirn flach eingedrückt.

Fontanelle punktförmig-spaltförmig. Clypeobasale (viel) kürzer als seine

halbe Breite, flach gewölbt. Erster Zahn der Oberkiefer nicht länger

als 2, Antennen 15-gliedrig. 3. Glied viel kürzer als 2.; 4. etwas

kürzer als 2.: 5. so lang wie 4., kugelförmig ; folgende Glieder allmählig

länger.

Pronotum etwas schmäler als der Kopf; vorn kaum, hinten ziemlich

deutlich eingeschnitten. Seiten nach hinten ziemlich stark konvergier-

end. Mesonotum etwas breiter ausgeschnitten als Metanotum, mit

abgerrundeten Hinterecken. Flügel dicht “ punktiert’’, gleichbreit.

Mediana mit 2-3 Zweigen, Cubitus mit 9-10, von denen die etwa 5

inneren dicker sind.

Länge mit Flügeln

A ee PSE

TO] TS dE IR Let: Ts Soon aie Ome

1e dewAVorderfuo elet o rt 9 >

Ko DIANE ea Nee ses Né 1.227 5

Kopibieito se no a a Pelee 5,

eae idesthronotumMs Bios Asa 0.55 9

Breite ,, she Ecc ENG LGA REE eee ae 0.92 ”

Soldat: Kopf hellgelb mit gebräunter Nase, Körper gelblich weiss,

mit gelblichen Tergiten.

Kopf mit beinahe mikroskopischen Haaren dünn bekleidet, und

ausserdem mit einigen längeren Borsten. Abdominalplatten dünn,

kurzhaarig, mit längeren Haaren am Hinterrande.

Kopf oval, nach vorn verschmälert. Nase lang, cylindrisch, etwa

so lang wie der Kopf im übrigen. Ausführungsgang der Frontaldrüse

1 30 NILS HORMGREN :

braun durchscheinend. Kopfprofil gerade, mit einer beinahe unmerk-

lichen Einsenkung hinter der Nasenwurzel. Antennen 12-13-gliedrig.

12-gliedrig: 3. Glied etwas kürzer als 2.; 4. etwas länger als 2:

13-gliedrig : 4. Glied in zwei kurzen Glieder geteilt, von denen das 2

(-5. der Antenne) so lang ist wie das 3. der Antennen.

Pronotum sattelförmig, vorne nicht eingeschnitten.

Körperlänge si. Sea eee A 3.5-4 mm.

Kopflänge?: oh eZ atti ae ERE 1,41 5

Kopfbreite cn sa SENO RE 0.74 y

Lange dériNase FRATE oi ta

Breiter des ÉTONOIMS ER Re Eee 0.37 7

Arbeiter: Kopf gelblich. Körper weisslich, mit durchschimmerndem

Darminhalt.

Kopf kurzhaarig und mit langeren Haaren. Behaarung im übrigen

wie bei den Soldaten.

Kopf beinahe kreisrund. Kopfnähte undeutlich. Fontanelle ziemlich

gross, eingedrückt. Clypeobasale kürzer als seine Breite. Antennen

14-gliedrig. 2. Glied so lang wie 3. und 4. zusammengenommen ; 3.

etwas langer als 4.; 5. langer und dichter als 4.

Pronotum sattelformig, vorn nicht eingeschnitten.

Körperlänge tr "e CSR CRE: Aeon sedia . 474.25 mm.

Kopfbreite 2 S57. 2 En ee 0.92 »

Breite des) Pronotumss seen ieee Ob) FD

Fundort: Formosa. HOZAWA coll., Imagines (23. Mai, 2. Juni 1911),

Soldaten und Arbeiter.

1) Von der Querlinie zwischen den Vorderrändern der Antennenhôhlen gerechnet.

A Hand-List of Formosan Birds.

Seinosuke Uchida

Ornithologist to the Bureau of Agriculture, Tokyo.

The following list was originally compiled for my own use in the

study of Formosan avifauna. On recommendation of Professor Ijima,

it is now published with the aim of giving a handy guide to the

collectors and students of the birds of that interesting island, and

eventually of aiding in the furtherance of our knowledge about them.

It scarcely needs to be mentioned that the list is largely based om

the previous records, but I should state that not a small part

of my labour consisted in the study of the collections of the Science

College, Tokyo Imperial University, and of the Taihoku Museum,

Formosa. It may here be mentioned that the Science College collec-

tion of Formosan birds, which originally consisted of the skins obtained

by Mr. Tada in 1896-1897, has of recent years undergone much

augmentation from donations by Mr. A. Owston of Yokohama and

by Mr. Y. Kikuchi of the Taihoku Museum.

In the last published important work on Formosan birds—that

. of Ogilvie Grant and La Touche (1c07)—there were given 260 species

as known from the island. Overlooked in that work but previously re-

ported from the island were 5 species (viz., Bulweria bulweri men-

tioned by Ogawa 1906; Cuculus canorus, Tringa subarquata, Nycti-

corax prasinosceles and Larus vegæ contained in Tada 1898); while

subsequently new additions were made: by Grant (1908) 3 species

(viz., Pyrrhula owstoni, Hemichelidon ferruginea and Syrnium nivicola)

and by Hartert (1995) 1 species (viz., Alauda coelivoa). Now

138 S. UCHIDA :

in the present list, still 21 more are added,—all which I

have indicated in the list by affixing asterisk to the names—

bringing the total number of bird species known from that island

up to 290. So far as I can judge, none of the added species are

new, but are forms that have been known from either the adjacent

parts of the continent or from neighbouring islands on the north or

south. The discovery of Zicœum sp. has introduced a new family,

the Dicaidae, to the ornis of the island.

Japanese names proposed for the first time in this paper are also

marked with asterisk.

A list of the literature relating to Formosan birds is appended

below.

I. KR. Swinhoe: Further corrections and additions to the “Or-

nithology of Amoy,"” with some remarks on the birds of

Formosa. Ibis, 1860, pp. 357-361.

{SÌ

J. Gould: Descriptions of sixteen new species of birds from

the island of Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe. Proc.

Zool. Soc., 1862, pp. 280-286.

3. R. Swinhoe: The ornithology of Formosa or Taiwan. Ibis,

1863, pp. 198-219, 250-311, 377-435.

4. R. Swinhoe: Descriptions of new species of Formosan birds

with further notes on the ornithology of the islands. Ibis,

1864, pp. 361-370, 423-428; 1866, pp. 129-138, 292-316,

392-400.

5. R. Swinhoe: Birds and beasts of Formosa. Shanghai Journ-

al, 1865, pp. 39-52; Wien Zool. Bot. Verhandl., 1866, pp.

438-447.

6. R. Swinhoe: Descriptions of three new Formosan birds.

Ibis, 1866, pp. 108-112.

7. R. Swinhoe: Descriptions of three new Formosan _ birds.

Ibis, 1866, pp. 351-358. |

8. R. Swinhoe: Descriptions of two new Formosan birds. Ibis,

21.

IS)

20.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 139

1866, PP. 543-546.

DEGLI Elliot Broes Zo0l.=506, 11870, pp. 406-407.

R. Swinhoe: A revised catalogue of the birds of China and

its islands. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, pp. 337-423.

H. J. Elwes: On the geographical distribution of asiatic

birds. «Proc. Zool. Soc:, 1873, PP. 645-682.

Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum. 1874-1898.

Ae David et. E. QOustalet:~ Oiseaux de la Chine. 1877.

J. Gould: Birds of Asia. 1850-1883.

W. R. Ogilvie Grant: Ibis, 1889, pp. 54-58.

PW Styan. Ibis, 1893, P: 470:

F. W. Styan: Notes on the ornithology of China. Ibis,

1804002337, DEUX.

“ Teikoku Shinryochi Taiwan Dobutsu Iho.” (The fauna of

the Formosan Island.) “ Döbutsu-gaku Zasshi,” 1895, pp.

265-298. |

H. Seebohm: On some new and little known species of birds

from Formosa. Ibis, 1895, pp. 211-213. pl. VI.

J. D. D. La Touche: Notes on South Formosa and its birds.

Ibis, 1895, pp. 305-338.

J. D. D. La Touche: Notes on birds of northern Formosa.

Ibis, 1898, pp. 356-373.

K. Tada; ‘Taiwan Chorui Ippan” (a sketch of Formosan

birds.) 1898.

CRE Mase Berreichi; (Paride, Sittide und

Certhiidæ. 1903.

E. Hartert: Die Vogel der Paläarktischen Fauna. 1993-1910.

M. Ogawa: ‘ Menkatd nite etaru sooshuno Chorui.” (On

some birds from Crag Island, Formosa.) “ Dobutsugaku

Zasshi.” 1906, pp. 125-131.

W. R. Ogilvie Grant: Bull. British Ornith. Club. 1906,

Oct., pp. 118-122.

140

S. UCHIDAS:

R. C. McGregor and D. C. Worcester: A hand-list of the

birds of the Philippine Islands. 1906.

R. C. McGregor: The birds of Batan, Camigin &c. Phil.

Journ. Sci. 1907, pp. 337-349, pl. I-IU.

W. R. Ogilvie Grant and J."D' D'LA Touch ‘Onethe

birds of the Island of Formosa. Ibis, 1907, pp. 151-198,

254-279.

Hon. Walter Rothschild: Bull. British Ornith. Club, 1907,

Oct., pp. 9-10.

W. R. Ogilvie Grant: Additional notes on the birds of

Formosa, 1908, pp. 600-608.

R. C. McGregor: A manual of Philippine birds 1909.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS I4I

Order COLYMBIFORMES.

Suborder COLYMBI.

Family COLYMBIDZ.

I. Colymbus septentrionalis L... .. .. .. .. .. Ab.

Grant and Ta Touche; Ibis, 1907, p. 271

Suborder PODICIPEDES.

Family PODICIPEDID 2.

2. Podicipes philippensis Bonn. .. . . .. Kaitsuburt.

Swinhoe, bP. Zao 21871, p. 405; Grant, Cat.-B. Br. Mus., XXVI,

p. 511; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, 1899, p. 91; Grant and La

Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 272; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 606 ; Podicipes minor

(Gmel.), Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. go.

Specimens from :

Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Oct. 10, 20.

Haroei (Taito Distr.), Sept. 3.

Shushu (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 6

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), March 19.

Order PROCELLARIIFORMES.

Suborder TUBINARES.

Family PROCELLARIIDZ.

Subfamily Diomedeine.

32: Diomedis albatrussPall. .. ..- 2.2.45 2.0... Allödori.

Tada, Taiwan Cborui Ippan, p. 80; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1007 p.271:

142 S. UCHIDA:

Specimens from :

Formosan Channel.

Pescadores Ils.

4. Diomedia nigripes Aud... .. .. .. .. Kuro-ahödori.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. fo; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1007, up. 271%

Specimens from :

Formosan Channel.

Pescadores Ils.

Subfamily Procellariina.

5. Oceanodroma monorhis (Swinh.). *Æwe-seguro-umitsubame.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 271; Zhalassidroma monorhis

Swinh., 7.225, 871 RP 422%

Obtained in N. E. Formosa.

6. Bulweria bulweri (Jard. & Sel.) .. .. .. .. Anadori.

Ogawa, Döbutsugaku Zasshi (Tokyo Zoological Magazine), 1904,

pao:

Specimens from :

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), January 16.

Menkato (Crag) (Kiirun Distr.), July.

*7. Puffinus leucomelas (Temm.). .. .. .. Omizunagidori.

*8. Puffinus cuneatus Salv. .. .. .. Onaga-mizunagidori.

Obtained in Pescadores Ils., May 15.

Order CICONIIFORMES.

Suborder STEGANOPODES.

Family SULIDÆ

9. Sula sula (LL)... .. a 7 (ean Rai

Grant, Cat. Bs Br. Mus., XXVI, p. 436; Grant-and La Touch

Ibis, 1907, p. 250; Sala fiber (L.), Swinhoe, P. Z.S, 1875420:

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 143

Specimens from :

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.).

Bratas Ils., June 15.

Family PIALACROCORACIDZ.

10.2 Phalaerocorax. carbo (L.).. 7. .. Le... Omi-u.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 420; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 259.

Obtained in Kishito, Horisha (Nanto Distr.), May.

11. Phalacrocorax bicristatus Pallas. .. Chishima-ugarasu.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 259.

Obtained in Nortl coast of Formosa.

Family FREGATIDA.

*12. Fregata minor (Gmel.). .. .. .. *Momojiro-gunkandori.

Suborder ARDEA.

Family ARDEIDÆ.

13. Ardea cinerea L. ES I Aosagt.

Swinloe, b. 27. 5. Loy ps4, La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p: 306 :

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 76; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

P: 262.

Specimens from :

Anpin (Tainan Distr.), Nov. 1.

Hakusatan, Hozan (Hozan Distr.), Jan. 9

14. Ardea coromanda (Bodd.). .. .. .. .. .. Amasagi.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 75; Pubulucus colomandus

(Bodd.), Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 412; Grant and La Touche, This,

LCOZ p=. 263.

Specimens from :

Sankosho (Kagi Distr.), July 15.

Taikiuyen (Kagi Distr.), July 23 and 30.

144 S. UCHIDA :

Suikutto (Kagi Distr.), May 27.

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.).

Hasshiran (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 2.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 9.

Kotosho (Botel Tabago), May.

15. Herodias eulophotes Swinhoe. ..

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 77; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 262; Garzetta eulophotes (Swinh.), P. Z.S., 1871, p. 412.

Specimens from:

Kurosagi.

Nanwan (Koshun Distr.), July 21.

Kotosho (Botel Tabago), Jan. 10.

Pescadores Ils.

16. Ardea garzetta L . RE e E Shirasagi.

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 306; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

76; Garzetta egretia (Brisson), Swinhee, PZ. S., 187%) sp 0125

Herodias garzetta (L.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 262.

Specimens from :

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr,), July.

Hasshiran (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 1.

Kwarenko (Taito Distr.), Sept. 24.

Sankosho (Kagi Distr.), July 15.

Taiyo (Junk) (Pescadores Ils.), March.

*?17. Ardea intermedia Wagler

18. Ardetta sinensis (Gmel.). 5 Voshigoi.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 414; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

_ p. 263; Botaurus sinensis (Gmel.), Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 77.

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 29 and Sept. 9.

“19. Botaurus stellaris (L.). ..

Specimens from :

Chisagt.

Sankanogoi.

Chikushiko (Hozan Distr.), Sept. 7.

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), May.

20. Gorsachius goisagi (Temm.). Mizogoi.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 145

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 262.

21. Gorsachius melanolophus (Raffl.). .. * Zaiwan-mizogot.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 413 ; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1957,

Ws 2262.

*22. Phonyx manillensis (Meyen) .. .. .. Murasaki-sagi.

Obtained in Chikuko (Tainan Distr.), May.

paslbHerediastalba le)... et en. ee ur Datisagi.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 262; Egretta modesta (Gray),

Swinhoe, P. Z.S.; 1871, p. 412; Ardea alba L., La Touche, Ibis, 1895,

p. 306.

Obtained in Anpin (Tainan Distr.), Nov. 1.

24. Ardetta cinnamomea (Gmel.). .. .. *Akabane-yoshigot.

Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 413; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

pi 263.

Obtained in Basshisho (Taito Distr.), Oct. 24.

25. Nycticorax nycticocax (L.)... .. .. .. .. Goisagi.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 413; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

77; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 263 ; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p.

606.

Specimens from:

Sanköshö (Kagi Distr.), July 8.

Taikiuyen (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 4.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), June 1.

Hasshirin (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 26.

Hasshiran (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 7

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 26.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.).

Taitokosho, Oct. 22.

26. Butorides javanica (Horsf.)... ... .. .. .. Sasagoi.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1909, p. er Grant, op. cit., 1908, p.

606 ; Butorides macrorhynchus Gould, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 413.

Spencimens from :

146 S. UCHIDA:

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), July 19 and Oct. 20.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.).

Rokumasan (Toroku Distr.), Sept. 21.

Shamikisha, April 4.

Tenchükagai, Oct. 13.

27. Nycticorax prasinosceles (Swinh.).. .. Akagashirasagt.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 78.

Obtained in Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), July 20.

28. Dupetor flavicollis (Lath.). .. .. *Zakasago-kurosagi.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 264.

Suborder CICONIÆ.

Family IBIDIDZ.

Subfamily Ibidine.

20. + Ibis. nippon Temmrr eve nee Tokt.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 261.

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), April.

Subfamily Plataleine.

30. Platalea minor Temm. and Schl. .. Kurotsura-herasagt.

Grant, Ibis, 1889, pp. 54-58; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXVI,

p. 50; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 261.

Obtained in Taikokai (Banshoryo Distr.), Nov. 4.

31. Platalea major (Temm. and Schl.). .. .. Herasagi.

Grant, Ibis, 1889, pp. 39-47, fig. 1; Platalea leucordia L., Sharpe,

Cat.-B. Br. Mus. VID 44:

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 147

Order ANSERIFORMES.

Suborder ANSERES.

Family ANATIDZ.

Subfamily Anatine.

#32. Anas javanica Islorsneiick 55 4. ° | .. .. Riukiugamo.

Obtained in Dabyo (Toroku Distr.), nea 16.

33. Anas zonorhyncha Swinh. .. . n e SOTA

Anas pwcilerhyncha Pennant, Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 260.

mas boschas.. =e rn. en ne) Magamo.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 260.

352, Anas f0rm0s3. Georgi. il. ia men en. Zomoegamo.

Nettion formosum (Georgi.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1607, p.

260.

36. Anas falcata Georgi... .. OR osano;

Eunetta falcata (Georgi), Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 419; Grant

and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 262.

SE» oalerieulatan ar er a Oshidort.

Swinhoe, P.Z.S., 1871, p. 418; Salvadori Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXVII,

p- 76; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 260.

Specimens from:

Suishako (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 8.

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), January.

38. Aethyia fuligula (L)... .. .. .. .. Kénkurohajtro.

Fuligula fuligula (L.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 261.

32. Acthyia mama)... 2. 20.2.0 a a Sweugamo.

Fuligula marila (L.), Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 80; Grant

and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 260; Falix marila (L.), Swinhoe, P. Z.

55.1871, pr dro.

148 S. UCHIDA :

40. Clangula glaucion (L.) .. .. .. .. .. Höjirogamo.

Clangula clangula \L., Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p.

261.

41. Dafila.acuta (bh). a, MO rte

Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 418; Tada, Taiwan Chorumippan, up.

79; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 260.

*42. Oidemia fusca stejnegeri (Ridgway). .. Birodokinkuro.

43. Spatula clypeata (L.). .. .. .. .. Hashibirogamo.

Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 418 ; Salvadori, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXVII,

p. 306; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 269; Anas clypeata L.,

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 78.

Obtained in Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Feb. 20.

44. Tadorna cornuta (L.). .. .. .... ... Dsukushigamo.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1507, p. 259.

45. Tadorna rutila (Pall.). .. .. .. .. Akatsukushigamo.

Casarca casarca (L.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1807, p. 259.

Obtained in Toko (Ako Distr.), January.

46. Mareca penelope (L.) .. .. .. .. .. Zädorigamo.

Swinhoe, P.Z.S., 1871, p. 418; Salvadori, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXVII,

p. 227; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 79; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 260.

47- . Nettion ‘crecca (EE a eee ee 77772

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 260; Querquedula crecca (L.),

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p.418; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 79.

Specimens from :

Shushukai (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 6.

Suisha (Nanto. Distr.), Nov. 5, Dec. 7.

48.. Querquedula circia (L:). 2.9 2.0 a) 0 ee Sma

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 418; Salvadori, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXVII,

p. 293; Anas circa L., Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 79; Querque-

dula querquedula (L.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 260.

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), March 13, April 7.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 149

Subfamily Mergine.

Hoo. Merzus serrator la... 0 wa se ia a Umiaisa.

Merganser serrator (L.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p.

261.

Subfamily Anserine.

250%. Anser albifrons.(Scop.) 25° 2s i.) ss « .. Magan.

Anser sf. tnc., Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 259.

Order FALCONIFORMES.

Suborder ACCIPITRES.

Family FALCONIDZ.

Subfamily Accipitrine.

STIER CILeUSE ÆCURINOSUSE a sss) s-: ws! ne en Cha

Swinhoe PS 1871, P2342,, Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus,, i} p..60;

2 Mouche, Ibis, 1395, pp 326, 337: Ea Touche, op. cit., 1898, pi 372;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 74; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

PeuZsonECircus spac. Ina Douche, op. cit., 1895, pp. 326, 337.

Obtained in Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.)

52. Circus spilonotus Kaup. .. .. .. .. Shiberia-Chuhi.

Pa Touche Ibis, 1865, spp. 326, 337; La Touche «op. cit., 1898,

p. 372; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 74; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 256.

Obtained in Tenchukagai, April 4.

53. Accipiter gularis (Temm. and Schl.). .. 3 Essai, % 7sumi.

Swinhoe BE: 7.5, 1671,) ps 342 ; Grant, Ibis, 1906, p: 1046 Grant

and La Touche, op. cit., 1904, p. 257; Accipiter nisoides Blyth., La

Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 372; Accipiter sp., Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan.

pig, Nomi2n.

150 S. UCHIDA :

Specimens from:

Kwarenko (Taito Distr.), Sept. 26.

Hokuzan (North Hill) (Toroku Distr.), Feb. 17, April 27.

54. Accipiter affinis Hodgs. '

Grant, Ibis, 1896, p. 107; Grant and La Touche, op. cit., 1707,

p. 257; Accipiter virgatus (Temm.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 342;

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 314, 337; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

72; Accipiter sp. Vada, op. cit. pn. 72) INO. ie

Specimens from :

Shishi (Nanto Distr.), Jan, 24, Feb. 13.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), May 14.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Oct. 4.

The foot of the Daitonzan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 12.

Racu Racu Mt., Feb.

Tappansha, Jan. 21.

55% Lophospiza trivirgata (Temm.). .. .. *Laiwan-Otaka.

Swinhoe, P.. Z. S., 1871, p: 341; (Grant) and, ay douche zb}

1907, p. 256; Astur trivirgata Temm., Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 733 Accipiter sp. Lada, Op: cit... p: 22. No. nee

Specimens from :

Kiu Kong Chin Mt., March.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 24.

Subfamily Aquilina.

56. Aquila heliaca Savig.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 258.

Obtained in Apes’ Hill (Hozan Distr.)

57. Spilornis cheela (Lath.) .. .. .. .. *Okammuriwashi.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 340; La Touch, Ibis, 1898, p. 372; Tada,

Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 72; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 258.

Obtained in Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Oct. 6.

58. Spizaetus nipalensis Hodgs. .. .. .. .. Kumataka.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 151

Swinhoe, B- 7.5, 187% p.339); Grant and Wa, Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 258; Sprzaetus nipalensis? La Touche, op. cit., 1895, p. 337.

Subfamily Buteonine.

50.) Buteo vulgaris leach. i 2.0 22° 2. li... Nosuri.

Buteo astaticus Swinhoc, P. Z.. S., 1871, p. 339; Tada, Taiwan

Chorui Ippan, p. 72; Buteo plumipes (Hodgs.), Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907; p. 257.

69%. Butastur indicus, (Gmel.). ..5 i. LT: Saskibe.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 258; Tada, Taiwan Chorui

Ippan p. 72; Poliornis polyogenys (Temm. and Schl.), Swinhoe, P. Z.

Sr LeG is Ds 340:

Obtained in Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Nov. 13.

61. Milvus ater melanotis Temm. and Schl.. .. .. Zobr.

Salvador, Cats B. Br! Mus ip. 224; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p.

337; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 373; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p 70; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 158; Milvus govinda

Sykes,swinhoe, P. 2. S, 18715 pe 341:

Specimens from:

Haroei (Taito Distr.), Sept. 5.

Hasshiran (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 2.

Shüshü (Tainan Distr.), Feb. 5, 8.

Hokuzan (North Hill) (Toroku Distr.).

Subfamily Falconine.

62. Falco tinnunculus japonicus Temm. and Schl. Choögenbo.

Tinnunculus alaudarius var. japonicus Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p.

340; Falco -tinnunculus L., La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 337; La Touche,

op. cit., 1898, p 372; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 71, Cerchneis

japonicus (Temm. and Schl), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p.

258.

Specimens from :

152 S. UCHIDA:

Shüshü (Tainan Distr.), Feb. 12.

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), Jan. 12.

63. Falco peregrinus L. ue Pin sr el, Hayabusa.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 340; La Touche, 1b15,7898, pa3 2:

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 71; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 258.

Specimens from :

Kannonzan, Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), March 1.

Saikichiyo (Pe Ting) (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Family PANDIONIDÆ.

64.. Pandion haliætus (L)- TE sae

Swinhoe, P. Z. 8.,.1871,.p: 340, La Mouche, Ibis, 1808, p 2372:

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 73; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 256.

Specimens from :

Suishako (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 8.

Kobi (Taihoku Distr.)

Order GALLIFORMES.

Suborder TURNICES.

Family TURNICIDZ.

65. Turnix taigoor (Sykes). .. .. .. .. Zndomifu-uzura.

La Touche; Ibis; 1895, p. 338;#Æalouche ‚op -eit, 1608 7.3735

Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXII, p. 530; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 96; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, pp. 274, 275; Turnix rost-

rata Swinhoe, Elwes, P. Z. S., 1873, p. 667.

Obtained in Kobi (Taihoku Distr.), Jan. 13.

66. Turnix dussumieri (Temm.)... .. .. *Mimemifu-uzura.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 401; Grant, Cat: B. Br.Muss 28x,

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 153

p. 540; Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 95; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, D: 275.

Obtained in Shüshü (Nanto Distr.), Feb. 23.

Suborder GALLI.

Family PHASIANIDE.

Subfamily Phasianinæ.

67. Arboricola crudigularis (Swinh.). .. +. *Miyama-Tekkei.

Grant; Cat: B..Br. Mus., XXII, p. 211; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 275; Oreoperdix crudigularis Swinh., P. Z. S., 1871,

p. 400; Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan. p. 94.

Specimens from :

Hokuzanko, Horisha (Nanto Distr.), April 28; July 12.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), May 5.

Ho-wozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and March.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb.

68. Coturnix coturnix (L.).

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 276; Coturnix communis or

Zura.

C. japonica ?, La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 373.

69. Excalfactoria chinensis (L.) ..

Swinkoe, bs 2,29,.,7873,297 400: La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 338;

Pa Fouche, op. cit 1968,.p4473., Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXII, p.

. *Hime-uzura.

250; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 95; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 276.

Specimens from :

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 9.

Kobi.

Bangkimtsing.

70. Bambusicola sonorivox Gould..

x ..* Tekket.

Swihhoe, BA Zu M6 78. P:1400; Elwes, op. cit, 1873, p. 667;

154 S. UCHIDA :

La Touche, Ibis, 1805, p. 338; La.) Touche, sop. it, 1808, pP. 373;

Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXII, p. 259; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p- 92; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 276.

Specimens from :

Hokuzanko, Horisha (Nanto Distr.), April 26.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), April 5, 25.

passhisho (Taito Distr.), Oct. 22.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), July 25.

Naihoshisho, April 20.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.) March.

Nanko (South cape) (Koshun Distr.).

Bangkimtsing.

71. Gennæus swinhoil (Gould) 2 m eee eee

Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXII, p. 309; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 276; Euplocamus swinhoü Gould, Elwes, P. Z. S., 1873,

p. 667 ; La Touch, Ibis, 1895,+P. 338 ;, dear Touche, op cibi 398 ap?

373; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 93.

Specimens from:

Hokuzanko, Horisha (Nanto Distr.), April 21.

Teraso, July 30.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and March.

Racu Racu Mts., Feb.

Nanko (south cape) (Koshun Distr.).

Bangkimtsing.

72. Phasianus formosanus Elliot .. .. .. *Zaiwan-hii.

Elliot, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 406; Swinhoe, op. ‘cit, 1873, (ps 308,

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 338; La Touche "op. cit 608 Ders

Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXII, p. 333; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 91; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 19@7, (pi 277, Grin Mopti

1908, p. 606.

Specimens from :

Hasshokei (Kagi Distr.), April 3.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 155

Basshisho (Taito Distr.), Oct. 26.

Taihorin (Toroku Distr.), April 2.

Hokuzan (Toroku Distr.), April 28.

Nanko (Koshun Distr.), Feb. 13.

Kobi.

Bangkimtsing.

Ge Calophasis mikado "Grant .. . ù ."Mikado-kiji.

Grant, Bull. B. O. C., XVI, p. 122; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 277; Grant, Ibis, 1908, pp. 606-608, PI. XIII.

Specimens from :

Racu Racu Mts. Feb.

Arizan (Kagi Distr.) April.

Order GRUIFORMES.

Family RALLIDÆ.

74. Hypoteenidia striata (L.).

Swinhee, Ps 2.5, 1871, pi Ars, Lada, Taiwan Chorut Ippan, p.

60. Sharpe, Cat. Bs Br. Mus IL p: 33-; Grant and La Touche,

IIS 1907, pP. 272,

75. Rallina formosana Seeb... .. .. .. *Zaiwan-ökuina.

Seebohm, Ibis, 1895, pp. 146, 211 ; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 89; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 272.

254, Pörzana furceale er. 22 ... …. ..: Hikuina.

Limnobenus fuscus (L.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIII, p.

146; Amaurornis fuscus (L.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 272.

Obtained in Tainan (Tainan Distr.).

77. Amaurornis phenicura (Forst.)... .. *S/érohara-kuina.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 88; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus.,

XXIII, p. 156, Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 272

Specimens from :

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Oct. 4.

156 S. UCHIDA :

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 4.

Basshisho (Taito Distr.), Oct. 24.

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), July 20.

Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 8.

Naikosho, Aug. 20.

78. Gallicrex cinerea (Gmel.).. .. .. 2. 92. Sa

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 89; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907,.p: 273; Gallicrex. cristata (Lath.), Swinhoe, P.2.5, 1871, D.

414.

79. Gallinula chloropus (l2)..7 277

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 414; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

89; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIII, p. 169; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 19007, 2p.0272%

Obtained in Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 8.

80. Fuliea atra (L) Re RER

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 414; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

89; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 273.

Order CHARADRIIFORMES.

Suborder LIMICOLA.

Family CHARADRIIDÆ.

Subfamily Charadriine.

81. Strepsilas interpres(L.). .. .. .. .. .. Kyyo-shigi.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 83; Arenaria interpres (L.),

Grant and La Touche, Ibis 1907, p. 264.

Specimens from :

Hakusato (Pescadores Ils.), January.

Karenko (Taito Distr.)} Sept. 24, Octr.

82. Squatarola helvetica (L.)... .. .. .. ... +. Daisen.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 157

Sharpe, Cats BB: Br Mus; XXIV, p: 182.

33. Charadrius fulvus Gmelin. ..... e è. Munaguro.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 403; Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p.

83; Charadrius dominicus P. L. S. Müll., Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p.

403; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 326, 327; Grant and La Touche, op.

Cit 19075 p: 265: Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus, XXIV, p. 195.

Specimens from :

Hakusato (Pescadores Ils.), April 21.

Tokichi-sho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Saikichi-sho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Shushukai (Nanto Distr.), Feb. 1.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 9.

Giiran (Giiran Distr.), Nov. 2.

Kiujo (Banshiryo Distr.), Jan. 15.

84. Charadrius minor Wolf & Meyer. .. .. .. Ao chidori.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, P. 85; Zgialitis dubia (Scop.),

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 265; Zegialitis dubius (Scop.),

Swinhee EB. 2. 5,:1871, ps 404:

Specimens from :

Shushukai (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 16.

Hokushabi, Oct. 17.

85. Charadrius mongolicus Ballası.2 7.2 .. Medai-chidorü

Ochthodromus mongolus Pall., Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 84;

Ægialitis mongolica (Pall.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 265.

Specimens from: -

Hakusato (Pescadores Ils.), January.

Hattakuto (Pescadores Ils.), March.

86. Charadrius geoffroyi Wagl... .. .. ..Omedai-chidori.

Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 83; Ægialitis geoffroyi (Wagl.),

Swmhoe PZ. S., 1871, p1404: Grant and. La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 265; Ochthodromus gcoffroyi (Wagl.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus.,

XIV, p.a217

158 S. UCHIDA:

Obtained in Toko (Ako Distr.), Oct. 15.

87. Charadrius cantianus Latham . . .. ..Shivo-chidort.

Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 84; Ægialites dealbatus Swinhoe,

Elliot, P.Z.S., 1870, p. 138; Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 404; Zgialitis

dealbata Swinh., Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 282; Grant and

La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 265.

Specimens from :

Hakusatö (Pescadores Ils.), January.

Giiran (Giiran Distr.), Nov. 2.

Anpin (Tainan Distr.), Jan. 2.

Toko (Ako Distr.), Sept.

Taitokosho, Sept. 27.

*88. Lobivanellus cinereus.(Blyth.). .. n.0 cime Ker.

Obtained in Tainan (Tainan Distr.), April.

89. Vanellus vulgaris Bechst. sa i. Tagerr.

Vanellus cristatus Wolf & Meyer, Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

35: Vanellus venellus (L.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 264.

90. Hæmatopus osculans Swinh. .. .. .. ..Miyakodori.

Swinhoe, P. Z..S., 1871, p- 405, Grant and ar loncheselbı-

1907, p. 264.

Obtained in Apes’ Hill Creek (Hozan Distr.).

*91. Himantopus himantopus (L). .. .. . .* Settaka-shigt.

Chikukö (Tainan Distr.), May.

92. Recurvirostra avocetta (L.). .. .. Sorthashi-seitaka-shigt.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 265.

Obtained in Apes’ Hill Creek (Hozan Distr.).

Subfamily Tringine.

93. Numenius arquatus (L.) .. .. .. .. Daishaku-shigi.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 265; Numenius arquatus (L.),

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 341; Numenius lineatus Cuv.,

Swinhoe, P. Z. 5.217871, palo:

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 159

94. Numenius variegatus (Scop.). .. .. ..Chishaku-shigt.

Ogawa, Dobutsugakuzasshi, 1906, p. 131; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, -1907, p. 266; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 361; Muse-

nius luzoniensis (Gmel.), Swinhoc, P. Z. S., p. 871, p. 410; Mumentus

pheopus variegatus (Scop.), Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 87.

Specimens from :

Tainan (Tainan Distr.), Oct. 30.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), May 5.

Menkato (Crag) (Kiirun Distr.), Sept. 7.

95. Numenius minutus Gould. .. .. .. ..Aoskaku shigt.

Swinhee 1.2.05. 1671, pP. 4095. Grant ‘and’, La Touche, Ibis,

1907 -p. 260.

06. Numenius cyanopus Vieillot.. .. .. .. Horoku-shigi.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 266; Numenius tahitiensts,

Swinhoe, PZ. 6S.,-1871, pa 410.

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), May 5.

97. Limosa rufa uropygialis (Gould).. .. Osorthashi-shigt.

Limosa uropygialis Gould, Swinhoe, P. Z.S, 1871, p. 406; Tada,

Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 86; Lzmosa nove zealandie Gray, Grant

and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 266.

98. Totanus terekius (Lath.) .. .. .. .. Sorthashi-shig?.

Terekia cinerea (Güld.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 267.

Specimens from :

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), May 5.

Tainan (Tainan Distr.).

99. Totanus incanus brevipes (Vieillot.)... Meriken-kiashi-shigt,

Totanus incanus (Gmel.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 406; Zotanus

brevipes Vieill., Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 267; Sharpe,

Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 449; Heteractitis brevipes (Vieill.), Tada,

Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 84.

Obtained in Karenko (Taito Distr.), Sept. 23.

100. Totanus glareola (Gmel.) .. .. .. .. Yakabu-shigt.

169 S. UCHIDA:

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 267.

101. Totanus hypoleucus (L.) .. ..*.. .. .2 so-shigz.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 83; Zringoides hypoleucus (L.),

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 267; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus.,

XXIV, 9.2456,

Specimens from :

Hasshiran (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 30.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 9.

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), April 18.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 20.

Tairinsanko (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 24.

Hasshökei (Kagi Distr.), Oct. 19.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Nov. 24.

Hokushabi, Oct. 16.

102. Totanus cchropus (L-). ON een

Swinhoe, P. Z. Sì, 1871, p. 406; Grant ‘and Ica, Touche, Ibis;

1907, p. 267; Helodromus ochropus (L.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus.,

XXIV, p. 437; Tringa ochropus L., Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

Pr Ss;

Specimens from :

Shüshükai (Nanto Distr.), Feb. 14.

Gyochi, Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 5.

103. Totanus stagnatilis Bechst. .. .. .. Æo-aoaslu-shigi.

Swinhoe, P..Z..S., 1871, P. 405 ; Sharpe, Cat. Bi Br-Mus X

p. 422; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 85; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 266.

Obtained in Tainan (Tainan Distr.), Aug. 30.

104. Totanus glottis (L-).. .. .. .. .. .. Aoashi-shigt.

Glottis nebularis (Gunner), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p.

481 ; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 267.

Obtained in Tainan (Tainan Distr.), January.

105. Totanus calidris (L.)... .. .. .. ... Akaashi-shigt.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 161

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 414; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 266.

106. Phalaropus hyperboreus (L.)... .. Akaeri-hireashi-shigi.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 698; Grant ard La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 260.

107. Limicola sibirica Dresser... ALI ans ee Kiriat.

Tringa platyrhyncha Temm., Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 408;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 86; Limicola platyrhyncha (Temm.),

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 268.

Eos „Ermeaerufieollis Pallası 2 2. ne ho leva Loner.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 268; Limonites ruficollis

(Pall.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 545; Zringa minuta

Leisl., Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 85.

Specimens from :

Hakusato (Pescadores Ils.), January.

Hattakutö (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Anpin (Tainan Distr.), Jan. 12.

189%. Trınga acuminata (Florsf) on... .. .. zura-shigt.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 268; Heteropygia acuminata

(Horsf.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 566.

110. Tringa alpina pacifica (Coues) .. .. .. Hama-shigt»

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 87; Zringa alpina (L.), Tada,

op. cit., p. 84; Pelidna americana (Cassin.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus.,

XXIV, pp. 608, 769; Zringa americana Cassin., Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 268.

Obtained in Hakusato (Pescadores Ils.), January.

We-@sPrinpa arenarie cu... i De. .. «. Miyubi-shigt.

Calidris arenaria (L.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 267.

112. Tringa temminckiLeisl. .. .. .. .. ..*Ojiro-tönen.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 268.

Obtained in Anpin (Tainan Distr.), Dec. 1.

113. Tringa subarquata (Giild.). .. .. .. Saruhama-shigi.

162 S. UCHIDA:

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 409; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan

p. 87.

Subfamily Scolopacine.

114. Rostratula capensis (L.).. .. .. .. .. Zama-shigi.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 633; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 269, Rhynuchea bengalensis (L), Swinhoe, P. Z. S.,

1871, p. 408; Rhynchea capensis (L.), Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan

p. 86.

Specimens from :

Taikokan (Taihoku Distr.), Jan. 29.

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), Jan. and Feb.

115. Gallinago cælestris (Frenzel). .. .. .. .. Ta-shigi.

Gallinago gallinago (L.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p.

633; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 86; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 269; Gallinago scolopacina Bp., Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p.

407.

116. Gallinago megala Swinhoe.. .. .. .. .. Chu-shigi.

Swinhoe, P: Z.: S. 1871, p. 407 ; Sharpe; Cat" bre Mus, XV

p. 624; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 86; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 268.

117. Gallinago gallinula (L.). stra ut Gee eo ge,

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 86; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 260; Limnocryptes gallinula (L.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p.

407; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus, XIV pcos.

118. Gallinago stenura (Kubl.). MR Seo are sree:

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 619; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 268; Gallinago horsfieldi (Gray), Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871,

p. 401.

Specimens from:

Gyochi, Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 14.

Karenko (Taito Distr.), Feb. 17, 18.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 163

Naiho (Kagi Distr.), Jan. 6.

Baishiko (Kagi Distr.), Dec. 31.

rio. Scolopax rusticola (L.). .. .. .. .. Yama-shigi.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 671; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 269.

Family GLAREOLIDZ.

120. Glareola orientalis Leach. .. .. .. *7subame-chidori.

Swinhoe, P.Z. S., 1871, p. 403; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV,

p. 58; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 87; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 264.

Specimens from :

Karenko (Taito Distr.), Sept. 25.

Tainan (Tainan Distr.), July 6.

Pescadores Ils.

Family PARRIDZ.

TAN: Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopre enza:

SwinhoeehiZ.5., 1071,,p2r414, La Touche, Ibis, 1895, P- 327;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis 1507, p. 264; Hydrophasis chirurgus Scop.,

Sharp, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXIV, p. 60.

Specimens from :

Tainan (Tainan Distr.), July 6.

Tako (Hözan Distr.).

Suborder LARI.

Family LARIDZ.

Subfamily Larine.

122. Larus ridibundus (L.).. .. .. .. .. Yurt-kamome.

Ss. UCHIDAN:

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 271.

Obtained in Toko (Ako Distr.), Mar. 20.

123. Larus saundersi Swinh. .. .. .. .. Zuguro-kamome.

Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXV, p. 183; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 271; Chrotcocephalus saundersi, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871,

P. 273:

124 Larus.canus (L.A

Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXV, p. 277; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 270.

125. Larus crassirostris Vicill. .. .. .. .. .. Umineko.

Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXV, p. 227; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1007, p. 270.

126. Larus vege (Palmen). .. .. .. .. ..Seguro-kamome.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 81.

Specimens from :

Pescadores Ils., Feb.

Wanbaisho (Pescadores Ils.), Jan.

Subfamily Sternine.

127. Sterna sinensis (Gmel.). .... .. 2. 32%. Ko-ajisasiz.

Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXV, p. 113; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 270; Sterna minuta L., Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 422.

Specimens from :

Haroyei (Taito Distr.), Sept. 5.

Hassiran (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 30.

128. Sterna stolida (L.).. 2, se e ero rasi

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 82; Ogawa, Dobutsugaku-zasshi,

1906, p. 127; Anous Stolidus "(L.), Swinhoe, Be 7755. 18715 92422,

Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus, XXV, “p. 136; Grant and Esz Toneke,

Ibis, 1907, p. 270.

Specimens from :

Agincourt (Kiirun Distr.).

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 165

Menkato (Crag) (Kiirun Distr.), June 17.

129. Sterna anæstheta Scop... .. .. .. Mamijiro-ajisashi.

Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 82; Ogawa, Döbutsugaku-zasshi,

1906, p. 129; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 270; Haliplana

anestheta Scop., Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p.

Specimens from :

Menkato (Crag) (Kiirun Distr.), July 1, June 19.

Pescadores Ils.

*130. Sterna fuliginosa Gola a a8 so SAT O-AISA SAT.

Specimens from :

Tainan (Tainan Distr.), April.

Menkato (Crag) (Kiirun Distr.), May 3

Agincourt (Kiirun Distr.), Jan.

131. Sterna bergii Licht. .. .. ea Or sasıt.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 81; Grant and La Touche, Ibis

1907, p. 270; Sterna bergit subsp.?, Ogawa, Döbutsugaku-zasshi,

1906, p. 125; Z%alasseus pelecanoides (King), Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871,

Pp. 422.

Specimens from :

Karenko (Taito Distr.), Sept. 28.

Agincourt.

Menkatö (Crag) (Kiirun Distr.), Aug. 4

132. Hydrochelidon hybrida (Pall)... ..*Aurokara-ggisashi.

Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 421; Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXV,

p. 10; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 82; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 269.

133. Hydroprogne caspia (Pall.).. .. .. .. *Oni-ajisashi.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 270.

Obtained in Pescadores Ils., May 15.

166 S. UCHIDA:

Suborder COLUMBA.

Family COLUMBIDZ.

Subfamily Peristerinæ.

134. Turtur*orientalis (Latl.). 2. 2 m eee ae Data,

Salvadori, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXI, p. 403; Tada, Taiwan Chörui

Ippan, p. 65; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 274; Turtur rupi-

cola, La Touche, op. cit., 1895, pp. 312, 314 and 338.

Specimens from :

Haroyei (Taito Distr.), Sept. 2, 3.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 20.

Suwo (Giiran Distr.), Nov.

Ködenshö (Kagi Distr.), March 7.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

135.. Turtur humilis’ (lemmi) ERRE ao)

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, pP: 307; Salvador, (Cat. Br (Brains

XXI, p. 434; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 63; Grant and La

Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 273.

Specimens from :

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), April 29.

Hasshiran (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 1.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Sept. 1.

Shüshügai (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 16, 21, Feb. 13.

Kodensho (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 28.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 1.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), April 10.

Suiginreki, Sept. 17.

Wankyo, Oct. 14.

Taiyo (Junk) (Pescadores Ils.), April.

136. Turtur chinensis (Scop.).. .. .. .. ..*Xanoko-bato.

A HAND-LIST OP FORMOSAN BIRDS 167

Swinhoe, EaZas., 1871, Ps 397; La ouch Ibis, 1395, p. 338; La

Mouche; op. cit, 1898, p.-374 5 Salvadori; Cat. B. Br: Mus., XXI, pi

439; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.64; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 274; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 606.

Specimens from :

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Feb.

Hasshiran (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 14.

Haröyei (Taito Distr.), Sept. 2.

Shüshü (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 21, Feb. 4.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), March 14.

Ratö (Giiran Distr.), Nov. 16.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 4.

Banshiro (Ensui Distr.), April 25.

Hokushabi, Oct. 17.

Wankyo, Oct. 14.

137 Chalcophaps indica (L.).. >. ..... :. ..Kin-bato.

La Touche, Ibis. 1895, pp. 328, 329, 337; Tada, Taiwan Chorui

Ippan, p. 65; Salvadori, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXI, p. 514; Grant and

La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 274; Chalcophaps formosana Swinhoe,

52225, 18716 p: 3074 Helles, eZ. 5:4 1073 p: 667.

Specimens from :

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 24, 25.

Anpin (Tainan Distr.).

Nanko (Koshun Distr.).

Subfamily Columbine.

138. Columba pulchricollis Hodgs... * Zatwan-juzukake-bato.

Salvadori, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXI, p. 305; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 274.

Specimens from :

Shushuzan (Nanto Distr.).

Tappansha, Jan. 8, 13.

168 S. UCHIDA:

Racu Racu Mts. Jan.

2139. *Columba intermedia Stickl... .. .. ..Kawara-bato.

A specimen from:

River Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 9. |

140. *Macropygia phæa McGregor. .. .. .. *Onaga-bato,

A specimen from:

Kotosho (Botel Tabago), Dec. 20.

Subfamily Treronina.

141. Sphenocercus sororius Swinh. .. .. * Zaiwan-awo-bato.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S, 1871, P. 396; Elwes, op cit, 1873 :2Salvadorı,

Cat. B. Br. Mus., XXI, p. 13; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 67;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1607, p. 273; Grant, op) icity 71908, P:

606.

Specimens from :

Shüshü (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 10.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Jan. Feb.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), May 2.

Shamikisha, April 1.

142. Sphenocercus formosæ (Swinh.)..

* Taiwan-zuaka-awo-bato.

Salvadori, Cat. B. Br. Mus, XXI, p. 7135 «Lada, SaiwanSCiora

Ippan, p. 67; McGregor, Hand 1. B. Phil. I, p. 9; Grant and La

Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 273; Zreron formose Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871,

p. 396; Elwes, op. cit., 1873, p. 669:

Specimens from:

Basshisho (Taito Distr.), Oct. 23.

Kotosho (Botel Tabago), May.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 169

Order CUCULIFORMES.

Suborder CUCULI.

Family CUCULIDZ.

Subfamily Cuculine.

143. Cuculus canolus (L.). .. . SION AGRO:

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 58.

144. Cuculus poliocephalus Lath .. .. .. .. Hototogisu.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., p. 395; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p.

196; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 58.

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.).

145-2 “Cuculus saturatus Hodgs... .. .. :. .. 7Tsutsudori.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 196; Cuculus intermedius

ay Nonche, “bis 1808, B. 370; Shelley, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XIX, p.

252; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 58.

Specimens from :

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), April 6.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 4.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 16.

Haroei (Taito Distr.), Sept. 4.

Banshiro (Ensui Distr.), April 20.

Chuho (Banshoryo Distr.), Aug. 10.

146. Centrops javanicus Dumont. .. .. .. .. "Banken.

Shelley, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XIX, p. 354; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 196; Grant, op. cit, 1908, p. 905 ; Centrops bengalensis

(Gmel) MSwinhoe, P3 Z.9S. 81871, p. 393; La Touche, Ibis; 1895; p.

330, ar Douche op et 7898, mp, 371; Shelley, Cat. B. Br. Mus.,

XIX, p. 352; Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 58.

Specimens from :

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), July 20.

170 S. UCHIDA :

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Nov. 15

Manka (Taihoku Distr.).

Taihard (Taito Distr.), Oct. 16.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 28.

Basshisho (Taito Distr.), Oct. 22.

Arisan (Taito Distr.), April 4.

Rönö (Banshoryo Distr.), July 20.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 26, 28.

Teraso (Koshun Distr.), July 20.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.).

Order CORACIIFORMES.

Suborder CORACIZ.

Family ALCEDINIDZE.

Subfamily Haleyonine.

TAT. Halcyon coromanda (Lath.)... .. .. Miyama-shobin.

Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 61; Halcyon coromandus (Lath.),

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XVII, p. 217% Grant and a Douche; Ibis,

1907, P- 197.

Obtained in Horisha (Nanto Distr.), May 5, 10.

Subfamily Alcedinine.

148. Alcedo bengalensis Gmel... .. .. .. .. Xawasemr.

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 336; La Touche, Ibis, 1298, p. 370;

Alcedo ispida L., Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XVII, p. 141, Grant and

La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 197; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 685; Alcedo

ispida bengalensis (Gmel.), Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 61.

Specimens from :

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), March 19.

Rinkiho (Lim-ki-po), March.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 171

Suborder STRIGES.

Family STRIGIDZ.

Subfamily Striginæ.

149. Strix candida Tickell. .. .. .. . *Taiwan-fukuro.

Swinhoe, B- 2. 5.1871, p: 3445 Sharpe, Cat.’B. Br: Mus; ii, p.

308; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 69; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1908, p. 254.

Obtained in Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Oct.

Subfamily Bubonina.

150. Syrnium nivicola Hodgs.

Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 605.

Obtained in Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), March 9.

151. Syrnium indranee (Sykes).

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 255; Bulaca newalensis

(Hodes) swinkoe, P. 7.5, p. 344, La Touche, Ibis; 1808,- p. 372;

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., ii, p. 281; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 60.

152. Glaucidium pardalotum (Swinh.).

Sharpe (Cat bb Muse D 2146 Grant and La Touche; Ibis,

1907, P. 255.

Obtained in Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. & March.

153. Ninox japonica Temm. & Schl... .. .. Awobazuku.

Swinlos, bs 7.9, 1871, p. 343; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 255; Ninox scutulata (Raffles), Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 68.

Obtained Inzan (Giiran Distr.), Nov. 2.

154. Scops hambreecki (Swinh.). .. .. * Zaiwan-konohazuku.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., ii, p. 64; Seebohm, Ibis, 1895, p. 213 ;

[aWlicuche, op. cit, pP: 325, 336; Grant and La Touche, op. cit., 1907,

p. 254; Lempijius hambrecki Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 344;

172 S. UCHIDA :

Ephialtes hambracki Swinh., An. & Mag. N. H., 1870, p. 153; Elwes,

PAZ RS MS 7S 7.1007:

Specimens from :

Racu Racu Mts., January.

Howozan (Nanto Distr.), March.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.).

ISS. Scops elegans (Cassin). .. .. .. .. Azukin-konohazuku.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., ii, p. 87; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 60; Lempijins glabripes Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 343; Scops

glabripes (Swinh.), La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 372; Grant and La

Touche, op. cit., 1907, p. 255; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p..605.

Specimens from :

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 19.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Mar. 7.

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), April 7.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), June 21.

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April.

156. Scops japonicus Temm. & Schl . .. .. Konohazuku.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 371; Scops stictonota Sharpe, Hand

L. B., i. p.285; Grant and Ja Touche, Ibis, 1007 D ELLE Scope

pennatus La Touche, op. cit., 1895, p. 337.

Specimens from :

Kobi, Nov. 1 and Feb. 19.

Takao.

Suborder CAPRIMULGI.

Family CAPRIMULGIDÆ.

Subfamily Caprimulgine.

157. Caprimulgus monticola Frankl. .. ..* Zawan-kasuidort.

Hartert, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XVI, p. 547; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 197; Caprimulgus stictomus Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871,

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 173

D455 E lwest Op.rcit., 1873, 92 66%, Lal Touche, Ibis; 1878; p. 370 ;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 62.

Obtained in Kobi.

Suborder CYPSELI.

Family CYFSELIDÆ.

Subfamily Cheturine.

“158. Cheetura nudipes IIodgs. .. .. *Kurobitae-hariotsubame.

Subfamily Cypseline.

159. Cypselus pacificus (Lath.). .. Amatsubame.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 345; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

62; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 197; Micropus pacificus

Hlartert, Cat. B. Br. Mas, XVI, p. 448.

160. Cypselus subfurcatus Blyth.

Swinhoe, Pa Zr 5. 1670, ps 345; lea) Touche, Ibis, 1805, p: 336;

* Fhme-amatsubame.

La Touche, op. cit.; 1898, p. 370; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 62 ;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 197.

Specimens from :

Kobi, May 27.

Apes Hill, Takaw, Nov.

Tansui (Tansui Distr.), May 27.

Family CAPITONIDÆ.

161. Cyanops nuchalis (Gould). ..* Goshikidri.

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 321, 324, 336; Tada, Taiwan Chorui

Ippan, p. 57; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 195; Grant, op.

Cit, 1908, p.606.

Specimens from :

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.).

174 S. UCHIDA :

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Sept. 2.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 26.

Taiharo (Taito Distr.), Oct. 13.

Arizan (Kagi Distr.), April 4.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. & Mar.

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan.

Teraso (Koshun Distr.), July 29.

Family PICIDÆ.

162. Iyngipicus kalensis (Swinh.).. .. .. *Zaiwan-kogera.

Swinhoe, .P. 24S., “1871; op. 392; =klareitt,, ‚Cat? Be Br Mis:

XVIII, p. 315; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1997, p. 195, Zyngipicus

scintilliceps Swinhoe, La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 336.

Specimens from :

Taiharò (Taito Distr.), Oct. 13.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 4.

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Oct. 7.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), April 23 and Aug. 31.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb.

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), January.

163. Iyngipicus wattersi Salv. & Gigl.

Hargitt, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XVIII p. 317; Grant and /Patlouche

Ibis,’ 7997, B- 195.

164. Gecinus tancolo Gould. .. .. .. *Zaiwan-yamagera.

Swinhoe, P.Z.S., 1871, p. 392; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

56; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 144; Gecinus guerini Har-

gitt, Cat. B. Br. Mus, XVIIE p. 557 (Bart.).

Obtained in Tansui (Tausui Distr.).

165. Dendrocopus insularis (Gould)... .. * Zaiwan-oakagera.

Hargitt, Cat. B. Br. Mus, XVIII; p.272; Grant and La Touche;

Ibis, 1907, -p. 194; ‘Grant, Op. cit. 1908, (pi 005 5 Zacus SoHslarts

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 175

Gould, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 392; Elwes, op. cit., 1873, p. 667 ;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 55.

Specimens from :

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 8, May 21.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

Arizan (Kagi Distr.), April 17.

Tappansha, Feb. 18.

Order PASSERIFORMES.

Group PASSERES ANISOMYODA.

Division CLAMATORES.

Family PITTIDA.

166. Pitta nympha Temmasz senses 2. 4. 2. «. Vatrocho.

Eamlouchemlbiss 18955 P4213; cater, Cat. B. Br. Mus., XIV;

p. 425; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 34; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis 16074 P2 104, Littaroreas Swinh., -P. Z. S., 1871, p: 375; Elwes,

opel, 1873, P: 607:

Specimens from :

Tapanii (Tainan Distr.), July 26, juv.

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), May 4, 6, 7, 9, 19

Group PASSERES DIACROMYODA.

Division OSCINES.

Family ALAUDIDZ.

167. Alauda sala Swink. .. .. .. 2. 0... *Laiwan-hibari.

Elliot E2225.,.1870,.p2 354; En Touche, Ibis, 1898) p. 368;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 165; Alauda gulgula sala

176 S. UCHIDA:

Swinh., Hartert, Vogel Palæark. Fauna, p. 250; Alauda wattersi

Swinh., P. Z. S; 1871, p. 389; La Touche; Ibis, 218059, ph 327

335; Grant and La Touche, op. cit., 1907, p. 165.

Specimens from:

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 17.

Pescadores Ils.

168. Alauda celivox Swinh.

Hartert, Vogel Palæark. Fauna, p. 249.

Family MOTACILLIDÆ.

Subfamily Motacilline.

169. Motacilla taivana Swinh. .. .. ... Tsumenaga-sekiret.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus:, X, p.514; Da Touche; Mber 13058

332; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 364; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

PP. 43, 44, 45; Grant and Ja Touche, Ibis, 1907, pP. 166; Grant zop:

cit, 1908, p. 602; Budytes taiwanus Swinh., Elliot, P. Z. S., 1870, p.

346; Swinhoe, P. 2. 5.,1871,9.364

Specimens from :

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Oct. 8.

Rantaisan (Nantö Distr.), Mar. 16, 18.

Horisha (Nantö Distr.), Oct. 16.

Haroei (Taito Distr.), Sept. 6.

Basshishö (Taitö Distr.), Oct. 22, 23.

Kobi, May 28.

170. Motacilla melanope (Palli). „nes meth Asa iran

La Touche; Ibis,21895, ‘pi 364); Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p.

43; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 106; Calobates melanope

Swinh., P. 27%, 1871, p° 3645 La douche, bis, néon 52.

Specimens from :

Kodensno (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 18.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 25.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 3.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 177

Tokichisho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Taisho (Pescadores Ils.), April.

171. Motacilla leucopsis Gould. . .. .. .. Hojiro-sekirei.

Ear Touche,. Ibis, 1808 passe, La Touche, op. cit., 1808, p.

364; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 42, 43; Oates, Faun. Brit. India,

Birds, ii) p 288 > Grant and Ta Touche, Ibis, 1907, p, 164 ; Grant,

op cit., 1908, p, 602.

Specimens from :

Taisho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 3.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 25.

Hasshokei (Kagi Distr.), Oct. 18.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 18.

Kobi, April 27.

Racu Racu Mts., Feb.

172. Motacilla ocularis Swinh. .. .. ..* Zarwan-hakusekirei.

Swinhoe Pb. Z. S:, 1871, ps 304% La Touche; Ibis, 1898, p. 364;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 45; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 166; Grant, op. cit, 1008, P- 364.

Obtained in Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 18.

173. Motacilla lugens Pall. .. .. .. .. .. Haku-sckirei.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 166; Motacilla lugens ?, La

Houche, op: cit, 21805 NP. 332:

Obtained in Taisho (Pescadores Ils.), April.

Subfamily Anthine.

174, Anthus-maculatus Hodes; :. .. .. 02. ..Pineut.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 364; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

46, 47; Grant and La Touche, Ibis; 1907, p. 166; Grant, op. cit.,

1908, p. 602.

Specimens from :

Ködenshö (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 7.

178 S. UCHIDA :

Gyochi, Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 14.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 18.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

Taisho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Tappansha, Dec. 22.

175. Anthus cervinus (Pall.)... .. .. ..Muneaka-tahibari.

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 333; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 364;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 47 ; Grant and La Touche, 1907, p. 167.

Obtained in Gyochi, Horisha, (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 16.

177. Anthus richardi Vieill.

La Touche, Ibis, 18c5; p. 333; La Douche, op. cit, 1398, .p. 365;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, pp. 47, 48; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 167.

Obtained in Apes’ Hill, Takao.

Family TIMELIIDA.

178. Trochalopterum taiwanum (Swinh.).. .. .. *Hozbii.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Bro Mus., VII, pi 3777 La Touche, Ibis; 41805;

p. 331; La Touche, Ibis, 1897, p. 357; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 15; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 178; Leucodioptrum tai-

vanum Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 371.

Specimens from :

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Jan. 3, Feb. 13, April 25.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 4.

Ensuiko (Ensui Distr.), June 4.

Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Oct. 21.

Kodenshö (Kagi Distr.), Feb. 7.

Taiharo (Taito Distr.), Oct. 15.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. & Mar.

179. Trochalopterum morrisonianum Grant. .* Kinbane-hoibii.

Grant, Bul. B. O. C., XVI, p: 120); (Grant: anda Touche, sibs,

1907; p. 178; Grant, op. cit, 1998 mp. 693.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS

Specimens from :

179

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 11, Nov. 16, 18, 20.

Niitakayama.(Mt. Morrison), Jan.

180. Pomatorhinus musicus Swinh. .. .. *Himemaruhashi.

Swinhoe, (PS 7555. 1871 ps 370; Elwes, op: cit.

1873, p. 667 ;

Sharpe; Cat. B. Br. M., vu, p. 424: La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 330;

La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 358; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

15; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 179; Grant, op. cit., 1908,

p. 603.

Specimens from :

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Mar. 19, April 25.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 27.

Basshisho (Taito Distr.), Oct. 23.

Taiharo (Taito Distr.), Oct. 16.

Shushu (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 24, Dec. 21.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), March 14.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and March.

Rato (Giiran Distr.).

Chuho (Banshoryo Distr.), Aug. 20.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 30, Oct. 10.

181. Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis Gould...

Swinhoe&, B-327 5.2.1875, 7.370; Elwes, .op. cit.,

. *“Maruhashi.

18732 72.6077;

Sharpe, Car NP Be M., vis pr427 La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 311,

312, 381: Grant and La louche, op. cit, 1907, p. 179.

Specimens from :

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), May 20.

Shishaban (Banshoryö Distr.), June 14.

Shamikisha, May 20.

Racu Racu Mts., January.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

182. Garrulax ruficeps Gould.

Swinhoe, 2b. 2. S,1872.2P: 371; Elwes, op: Git.

*Chagashira.

1873, Pp: 667 ;

180 S. UCHIDA:

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., vii, p. 438; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

26; Grant and La Toyche, Ibis, 1907, p. 180.

Obtained in Datetsu (Banshoryö Distr.), June 13, 14.

183. Dryonastes pecilorhynchus (Gould). .. .. *Zakedori.

Elwes, P.Z.S., 1873,'p. 667 ; Sharpe, Cat. B Br Ns, gii pi 008

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 180; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 603.

Specimens from:

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 17.

Ködenshö (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 15, 16.

Shishaban (Banshoryö Distr.), June 17.

Shamikisha, April 2.

Höwözan (Toroku Distr.), March.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan., Feb.

184. Alcippe morrisonia Swinh.. .. .. ..*Mejiro-chimedori.

Swinhoe, P. Z. Si, 1875 p. 374; Elwes, sop: cit, 1073 000, MIE

Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 314, 321, 3325 “kas Douche; op. cit, 1808,

p. 358; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 22 ; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 181; A/cippe morrisoniana Swinh., Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus.,

Vil, Pp: 021.

Specimens from :

Chüho (Banshoryo Distr.), Aug. 20.

Shüshü (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 24.

Toshien (Toshien Distr.), Mar. 1.

Kodensho (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 7.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), April 17.

185. Proparus formosanus Grant. .. .. *Arzsan-chimedori.

Bul. B. O. C. XVI, p. 120 ; Grant and LaWFouche Mb 007 0

181; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 603.

Specimens from :

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), January.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS ISI

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), Nov. 11, Dec. I.

186. Schoeniparus brunneus (Gould) .. .. .. *Chimedori.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 181; Alcippe brunnea

Gould Swinhoe P. Z. Si; 167%, p. 374; Elwes, op. cit, 1873, pi 667;

Sharpe, Gat. B. Br. Mus: vit; p. 624; La Touche; Ibis, 1895, pp. 311,

312, 332; La Touche, op. cit, 1898, p.- 358; Tada, Taiwan Chorui

Ippan, p. 22; A/cippe obscurior Grant, Bul. B. O. C. XVI p. 121; op.

it, MIX pe 14s

Specimens from :

Kodensho (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 21.

Shushu (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 23.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. & March.

Racu“Racu Mts., Feb.

187. Stachyrhiodopsis præcognitus (Swinh.)

*Zuaka-chimedori.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 183; Stachyriodopsis rufi-

ceps (Blyth.), La Touche, op. cit., 1895, pp. 314, 332; La Touche, 1898,

Op. cit., p. 358; Tada Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 23.

Specimens from :

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), June 10, 11.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. & Feb.

Tappansha, Feb. 21.

188. Myiophoneus insularis Gould... .... VW. J. - «.*Ruricho.

SMiMmiocwE eso, 1878.6308 Elwes, (P.iZ. S:, 1873, pi 697;

Sharpes Cat: br Mus. Viggo: En: Ca Touche, Ibis, 1808; p.-357 ;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 18; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p: 184; Grant, op. cit, 1908, p: 603:

Specimens from :

Giiran (Giiran Distr.), Sept. 5, 15, 20.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.).

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

189. Malacias auricularis (Swinh.).. .. *Mimijiro-chimeaori,

182 S. UCHIDA:

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., vii, p. 405 ; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ip-

pan, p. 19; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 185 ; Grant, op. cit.,

1908; p. 6033 Sidia auricularis ‘Swinhoe, "72 22871871, 2.1370,

Elwes, P. Z.S., 1873, p. 667; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 8145 321, 330.

Specimens from :

Tappansha, Feb. 16.

Shishaban (Banshoryo Distr.), July 17.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and Mar.

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 3. >

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb. ta

190. Actinodura morrisoniana Grant.. .. .. *Shimadori.

Grant, Bul. B. O. C. XVI, p. 1193 Grant and «La #Fonche Abe

1907, p. 185; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 604.

Specimens from :

Shishaban (Banshoryo Distr.), July 16.

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 12, Nov. 9, 18.

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

191. Yuhina brunneiceps Grant.. .. *Kammuri-chimedori.

Grant, Bul. B. ©. C. XVI, p. 121; Grant and Ta Douche, Ibis,

1907, p. 186; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 604.

Specimens from :

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 6, 13, Dee. 2,70:

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb.

192. Herpornis tyrannulus Swinh. .. .. ..*Ao-chimedori,

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 373; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p:

27; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 187.

Specimens from :

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), July 30.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 30.

193. Liocichla steeri Swinl „a2 EN adora

Swinhoe, Ibis, 1877, p. 474, Pl. XIV; La Touche, Op! cit.” 1695;

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 183

pp. 321, 332; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 188; Grant, op.

cit., 1908, p. 604.

Specimens from :

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 12, 14, Nov. 20.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb.

Tappansha, Jan. 20.

104. Suthora bulomachus Swinh. .. ..*Hashibuto-chimedori.

Swinhoe, P. 2.5, 1871,9p: 372 5) lwes, op, cit, 1873, p. 667;

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 361; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., vii, p. 490;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 25; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

Pe) 106:

Specimens from :

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 16.

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 6.

Shüshü (Nanto Distr.), Feb. 15.

195. Suthora morrisoniana Grant.. .. .

* Nittaka-hashibuto-chimedori.

Grant, Bul. B. Br. Mus, xvi, p. 119; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 188; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 604, PI. XII, fig. 1.

Obtained in Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

Family PYCNONOTIDZ.

196. Picnonotus taivanus Styan.. .. .. .. *Kurogashira.

Styat, Ibis, 1608, pa470GeStyan, op. cit, 1804; pi 337, Pl. IX;

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 328, 329, 333; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ip-

pan, p. 17; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 189.

Specimens from :

Nanko (Koshun Distr.).

Karenko (Taito Distr.), Sept. 29, 30.

197. Pycnonotus sinensis formose Hart. .. *S/rogashira.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., vi, p. 149; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p.

184 S. UCHIDA:

333; La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 365; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

16; Grant and La Touche, bis; 1907, p. 180 Grauf, op, cie,

1908, p. 604; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 1910, pp. 229, 230.

Specimens from :

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 22, Sept. 7, 30.

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Feb. 11.

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Nov. 11.

Ködenshö (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 2.

Shüshü (Nantö Distr.), Jan. 23, Feb. 21.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 14, 16.

108. Hypsipetes nigerrimus Gould. .. .. ..*Kuro-hiyodori.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p: 369; Elwes; opi icity, 26873 PA067;

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus,, vi, p: 41; La Teuche, Ibis, 1805, pp232,

321, 324, 333; La Touche, op. cit., 1808, p. 365; Tada, Taiwan Cho-

rui Ippan, p. 13; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 189.

Specimens from :

Shüshü (Nanto Distr.), Feb. 8.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 14.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 23, Sept. 29.

Hokusan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. 17, Nov. 4.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and Mar.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 26.

Kodensho (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 9.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 27.

Shamikisha, April 7.

Tappansha, Jan. 29.

“199. Hypsipetes amaurotis stejnegeri Hart.

Ishigaki-hiyodori.

Hypsipetes sp.? Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 12.

Obtained in Kotosho (Pescadores Il.), May and Dec. 14.

200. Spizixus cinereicapillus Swinh... .. .. *Kayanobori.

Swinhoe, P.'Z. 5. 1871, p. 370; Elwes, (op. £it.,2 187372930675

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 185

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 320, 333; Grant and La Touche, op. cit.,

1907, p. 190; Spizixus cinereiceps La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 325, 333-

Specimens from :

Kodensho (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 9, 17.

Shushù (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 22.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and Mar.

Racu Racu Mts., Feb.

Tappansha, Jan. 28, Feb. 12.

Family MUSCICAPIDA.

201. Hemichelidon sibirica (Gmel.).. .. .. ..Samebitaki.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 367; Grant and La Touche, op. cit.,

1907, P. 191.

Specimens from :

Hokusan (Toroku Distr.), Nov. 4.

Taiharo (Taito Distr.), Oct. 16.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Nov. 4.

202. Hemichelidon ferruginea Hodgs.

Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 604.

Obtained in Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 7.

203. Alseonax latirostris (Raffl).. .. . .. Aosamebitaki.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 191.

204. Muscicapa luteola (Palli). .. .. .. .. ..Mugimaki.

Poltomyias luteola (Pall.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p.

192; S’phia luteola (Pall.), Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 8;

Erythrosterna luteola (Pall.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 380.

205; Muscicapa eriseisticta, (Swinh:),. = -.. =. Vezobitaki.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 191.

206. Niltava cyanomelæna (Temm.). .. .. .. .. Oruri.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 367; Cyanoptila cyanomelena (Temm.),

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 8; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

pe 193.

186 S. UCHIDA:

Specimens from :

Hokusan (Toroku Distr.), Oct. 28.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Oct. 28.

207. Cyornis vivida Swinh... .. .. .. ..*Chabara-5ruri.

Swinhoe, P. Z: S., 1871, p. 380; Grant and Wa, Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 191; Niltava vivida (Swinh.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., iv,

p. 463; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 81.

Specimens from :

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and Mar.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb.

Tappansha, Feb. 22.

208. Muscicapa hyperythra (Blyth.).. .. *Mamijiro-hitaki.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 192; Digenia superciliaris

Horst. & Moore, Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 381; Tada, Taiwan Chorui

Ippan, p. 9.

Obtained in Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb.

209. Xanthopygia affinis Grant. .. .. .. ..*Kawabitaki.

Grant, Bul. B O. C XVI, cp. 118; Grant and La Touche Abe,

1907, p. 192; Rhyacornis fuliginosa La Touche, op. cit, 1898,

Pp. 302.

Specimens from :

Gyochi, Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 14.

Tappansha, Dec. 26.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb.

210. Hypothymis azurea (Bodd.).

La Touche, Ibis; 1893, 'p. 367; Grant. and ‘ba Touche, yop. cit;

..*Kuroert-hitakt.

1907, p. 193; Myiagra azurea (Bodd.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S, 1871, p.

381; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 334; //ypothymis azurea (Bodd.), La

Touche ; op. cit., p. 367; Aypothymis occipitalis Vig., Tada, Taiwan

Chorui Ippan p. 9.

Specimens from :

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 27.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 187

Taito (Taito Distr.).

Taiharö (Taito Distr.), Oct. 16.

Chüho (Banshoryö Distr.), Aug. 7.

Suikutto (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 8.

Hokusanko (Nanto Distr.), May 28.

Shüshü (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 21.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

211% Terpsiphone princeps; (Temm.) Len a SQNEOCHO-

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 193.

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), April and May.

*212. Terpsiphone nigra McGregor.. .. .. *Kuro-sankocho.

Terpsiphone corvina E. Newton ?, Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

pair

Obtained in Kotosho (Pescadores Ils.), May.

213. Cryptolopha fulvifacies (Swinh.).

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 193; Abrornis fulvifacies

Shine elliot 2,7 5,,2.2870,%P..132:

Obtained in Racu Racu Mts., Feb.

Family TURDIDZ.

Subfamily Turdine.

214. Turdus fuscatus Pall. .. Tsugumt.

Swinkoes ba 57218704 pamsoon Grant and Ia. Touche, Ibis,

1907, BP» 173:

Obtained in Kobi, Feb. 7.

215. Turdus naumanni Temm. ..... .. Hachjö-tsugumi.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 3; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, P. 173.

Specimens from :

Keibikai, Jan. 27.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Feb. 10.

188 S. UCHIDA :

216. Turdus chrysolaus Temm... .. .. .. .. | Akahara.

Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 367 ; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 2;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 174; Merula chrysolaus (Temm.),

Seebohm, Cat. B. Br. Mus., v, ‘p.°275\; la Mouche Ibis, 41868, 9350:

Specimens from: ay

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Mar. 25.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 20.

Tappansha, Jan. 3.

Hokusan (Toroku Distr.), Mar. 19.

Saikichisho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

217. Turdus obseurus Gmel... .. .. .. ..Mamichajinat.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 3, Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 174; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 602; Merula obscura (Gmel.),

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 356.

Specimens from :

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 14.

Tappansha, Feb. 21.

218. Turdus pallidus Gmel:.. In: (as e ES 7270 RC

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 367; Yada, Taiwan "Chorur Ippan,

p. 25 Grant “and. La. Touche Ibis; 1907, pa Mei aa

(Gmel.), La Touche, op. cit., 1895, p. 330; La Touche, op. cit, 1808,

p. 350.

Specimens from :

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Feb. 13.

Hokusan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. 19.

Taikokan (Taihoku Distr.) 9 fans27-

Tappansha, Feb. 16.

219. Turdus albiceps Swinh. .. .. .. ..* Zatwan-tsugumt.

Swinhoe, P. Z.>S.,/1871,°D. 367); Elwes, 27225 18309200,

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 3; Grant and La Touche, 1907, p.

174; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 602; Merula albiceps (Sw.), Seebohm

Cat. B. Br. Mus., v, p. 259 La él'ouche; [biswisossappese sy 329,330:

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 189

Specimens from :

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 13.

Dachö (Banshoryo Distr.), July 9.

220% vGeccichla: varia (Ball)... 2.0 .. 12... Zorafsugumi.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 357; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 1;

Oreocinchla varia (Pall.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S., p. 367; Grant and La

douche, Ibis, 1967, p: 174; Grant, op: .cit., p. 602:

Specimens from :

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Nov. 20.

‘ Hokusan (Toroku Distr.), Mar. 15, Nov. 4.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 10.

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

Tokichisho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

221. Monticola solitarius (Miller).. . .. .. Zsohiyodori.

La Touche; Ibis, 1805; p..3315 La Touche, ‚op. cit., 1808;-p: 357;

Monticola manilla (Bodd.), Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 174;

Petrocincla manilla (Bodd.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S.; 1871, p. 368.

Specimens from :

Karenko (Taito Distr.), Sept. 30.

Taiharo (Taito Distr.), Oct. 15.

Taitonsan (Taihoku Distr.).

Taikokan (Taihoku Distr.), Jan.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Oct. 4.

Tappansha, Jan. 20.

Hakusato (Pescadores Ils.), Jan.

222,0 Ruticllarautorea Ball). ..... .. wa 2. Yobulakı.

Swinlioe, BP 7. 5,2087, Pp. 358;- La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 331 5

La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 363; Grant and La Touche, op. cit.,

1507, P. 175.

Obtained in Kobi.

223. (Fratincola maura. (Palli)... LO 220.0 Noditaki.

190 S. UCHIDA :

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 177 ; Pratincola indica Blyth,

Swinhoë, P. 2, S., 1871, P. 200.

224. Calliope camtschatkensis (Gmel.).. ..Nogoma.

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 331; Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p.

4; Grant aud La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 175.

Specimens from :

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Mar. 12.

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Jan.

Saikichisho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Ianthia cyanura (Pall.) ..

225, Ruribitaki.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 359; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

4; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 175; Zarsiger cyanurus

(Pall.), La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 367.

Obtained in Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

226. Ianthia jchnstoninæ Grant.. . ..* Arisan-hitaki.

Grant, Bull. B. O. °C. XVI, p. 118; Grant and La Douche, Ibis,

1907; p. 175; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 603.

Specimens from :

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 11, Nov. 10, Dec. 12.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 7.

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

227. Notodela montium (Swinh). .. * Konhitaki.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 359; Sharpe; Cate By Beust

p. 24; La Touche, Ibis, 1805, pp. 321, 323, 3315 Dada, Taswanıelio-

rui Ippan, p. 20; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 176; Grant,

OP: icit:, 1908, P 003:

Specimens from :

Ködenshö (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 11, 17.

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 4.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 13.

Shushu (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 22.

228. Microcichla scouleri (Vigors.). .. * Shirokuro hitaki.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 191

Sharpe, Cat B_ Br. Mus. vit, pi 322;/Grant and. La ‘Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 175.

Specimens from :

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 11.

Ranrei (Giiran Distr.), Sept. 15.

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

Subfamily Sylviina.

229. Acrocephalus orientalis (Temm. & Schl.). . . Oyoshikiri.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 170

230. Cisticola volitans (Swinh.).. .. .. .. *Taiwan-sekka.

Swinhoe, PS, 1871, 9p. 352% Grant ands Ea: “Touche, Ibis;

1007, p- 1705 Cisticola exis (Vig. & Horsf.), La Touche; op. cit.,

1898, p. 361; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 24.

Specimens from :

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), July 31.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Jan. 28, May 1, 17, Nov. 25, Dec 16.

231. Cisticola..cisticola (Temm.).. .. .. «= |. ..Sekka.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 171; Cisticola cursitans

Frankl., La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 361; Cisticola schentcola Bp.,

Swinhos,'P. Zu Sh. 1870 ps 352.

Obtained in Hokusan (Toroku Distr.), April 28.

232. Lusciniola fuscata (Blyth.).

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p- 170; Phyllopneuste fuscata

(Biytbo) Swinhos,, P.2.1S,, 187%. p- 356.

233. Urosphena squamiceps (Swinh.).. .. .. ..Yabusame.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 172; Zribura squamiceps

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 355; Zorornis squamiceps (Swinhoe), La

Touche ‚Ibis, 1895. p. 3415 La Touche, op.. cit., 1898,-p.°363,

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Oct. 28, Dec. 2.

234 Horornis robustipes (Swinh.). .. .. *Zaiwan-kouguisu.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 171; Æoreites robustipes

192 S. UCHIDA:

Swinhoe, P..Z.'S., 1871; p. 3541 ; Elwes, fop/tcit „1873.90. 6007.

235. Horornis canturians (Swinh.).. .. .. *Zaiwan-uguisu.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 172; Cettia canturiens

Swinh., La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 332; Talouche, top. «cits; 1698) 1p

363; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 6; Cettia cantans minuta (Temm.

& Schl.), ibid, p. 6; Cettia minuta (Swinh.), La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p.

363; Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p.6; Harvivox canturiens (Swinhoe),

P. Z. S., 1871, p. 353; Hervivox minuta (Swinhoe), ibid, p. 353.

Specimens frem :

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), Mar. 23, April 25.

Taikokan (Taihoku Distr.\, Jan.

Gyochi (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 13, 14.

Kobi, March. |

236. Phylloscopus superciliosus (Gmel.).

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 171; Reguloides superciliosus

(Gmel:); Swinhoe, PAZ MS 818710885

*237. Phylloscopus xanthodryas Swinh. .. .. .. Meboso.

Obtained in Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 29, Sept. 1.

238. Phylloscopus borealis (Blas.) .. .. .. ..Komushikut.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 363; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

7; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 171; Phyllopneuste borealis

Blasius, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 356.

Specimens from :

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Jan.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 26.

Tainan (Tainan Distr.), Oct.

239. Phylloscopus coronatus (Temm.). .. .. Sendat-mushikut.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 171.

*240. Regulus cristatus orientalis Seeb. .. .. Krkuitadaki.

241. Regulus gcodfellowi Grant .. * Nittaka-kikuitadaki.

Grant, Bul. B. O, C. XVI, p: ‘122; Grantiand a Mouche tic;

1903, pi 167, EL IE

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 193

Obtained in Niitakavama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

242. Suya crinigera Hodgs.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 359; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

23% Grantiand, La Mouche Ibis, 1907, p, 172.

Specimens from :

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), Dec. 25.

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), July 24.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), April 16.

Kodensho (Kagi Dist.), Mar. 23.

Shisha (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 23.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Mar.

Hokusan (Toroku Distr.), April 7, 28.

243. Prinia extensicauda (Swinh.).

Sharpe, Cat! B. Br. Mus., vii, p. 199; Grant and. La :Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 173; Prinia tnornata Sykes, La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p.

331; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 360; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 21; Drymæpus extensicauda Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 351.

Obtained in Ködenshö (Kagi’ Distr.), Mar. 18, 25.

244. Burnesia sonitans (Swinh.).

Sharpes Cat. 5. Bre Mis, vii; op. 205; Grant and La Touche,,

IS M007 ps 2173 2 Parma sonttansSwinboe;. P. Z. S., 1871; p. 351;

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p- 331; La Touche, op. cit, 1808,-p. 359;

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 21.

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), June 23.

Family CINCLIDÆ.

245% Cinclus marila (Swinh.).. .. x. Li. Kewagarasu.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 362; Grant and La Touche, op. cit.

1907, p. 177; Hydrobata pallasi Temm., Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p.

368; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 19.

Specimens from :

Tappansha, Sept. 10.

194 S. UCAIDA:

Taikokan (Taihoku Distr.), Jan. and Mar.

Family TROGLODYTIDÆ.

246. Anorthura fumigata (Temm.). .. .. .. .- Misosazat.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p, 177.

Obtained in Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

Family HIRUNDINIDÆ.

247. Hirundo striolata Boie... .. .. ..Okoshiaka-tsubame.

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 367; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 54;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 193; Cecropis striolata Swinhoe,

P. Z.S., 1871, p. 346; Hirundo nipalensis? La Touche, Ibis, 1895,

p. 334; Firundo substriolata Hume, Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus, x, p. 163.

Specimens from :

Shishi (Nanto Distr.), Feb. 12, 23.

Naihoshisho, June 12.

248. Hirundo gutturalis (Scop.).. .. .. .. .. Zsubame.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus, x; p. :134; La Teüche, Ib asg5.ep-

334; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 367; Grant and La Touche, op. cit.,

1907, p. 194; Hirundo rustica gutturalis (Scop.), Tada; Taiwan Cho-

rui Ippan, p, 54.

Specimens from :

Shisht (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 16, Dec. 30.

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Oct. 20.

Taitokosho, Aug. 7.

249. Cotile riparia (L.)... 2.0 le a Sanamuguri-tsucame:

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 54; Cotile sinensis (J. E. Gray),

Sharpe, ‘Cat. B, Br. Mus,-x; p- 104; Iba Touche Ibis 18050

La Touche, op. cit, 1898,,p. 367 ;, Grant and Douche; oprreit,

1907; P. 194.

Specimens from :

Taikokan (Taihoku Distr.), Feb. 21.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 195

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.).

Family CAMPEPHAGIDZ.

250. Pericrocotus griseigularis Gould.. .. *Beni-sanshokın.

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 334; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

39; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 190.

Specimens from :

Shushù (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 24.

Hokusankö (Nanto Distr.), May 28.

Kodensho (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 11, 17.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and Mar.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb.

251. Pericrocotus cinereus Lafres. . .. .. .. Sanshokut.

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 39; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 190.

Specimens from :

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 22.

Taisho (Pescarodes Ils.), April.

Tainan (Tainan Distr.), Sept. 5.

252. Graucalus rex-pineti Swinh. .. .. .. *Oni-sanshokut.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., IV, p. 35; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 39; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p 199.

Specimens from :

Hokusanko (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 15.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and Mar.

Family DICRURIDZE.

253. Chaptia brauniana Swinh. .. .. .. .. *Zlime-öchit.

Elwes, P. Z. S., 1873, p. 667; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

34; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 161; Grant, op. cit., 1908,

p. 601.

196 S: UCHIDAs

Specimens from :

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), April 4.

Ködenshö (Kagi Distr.), Mar. 21,

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 1.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), March.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 13, 14.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan.

254. Buchanga atra (Herm.).. 0... ne. eee:

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., iii, p. 246; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp.

306, 334; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 601; Grant and La Touche,

op. cit., 1907, p. 161; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 691; Dierurus cathecus

Swinhoe, PZ. S5 187/1000777

Specimens from :

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Nov. 2.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 1, Oct. 20.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 3, 9, 20.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 11, 18.

Family AMPELIDZ.

ZG ie Ampelis japonicus (Siebold):) .. eS te CNET regana

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 170; Ampelis phanicoptera

Temm, Swinhoe, ‚B.2Z3S., 1070, p.2372.

Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), April 17. è

Family LANIIDZ.

256. Lanius schach (L.).. . UU. ©. .. FIRkasago-mosu.

Swinhoe, P. Z..S., 1871, p: 375; «La douche, Ibis; 1865, pe saa

La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 366; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

36; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 170.

Specimens from :

Basshisho (Taito Distr.), Oct. 23, 24, 25.

Haroei (Taito Distr.), Sept. 2, 4, 6.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 197

Shisha (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 23, 31.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 18.

Rato (Giiran Distr.), Nov. 6.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 7.

257. Lanius lucionensis (L.).. =. .. .. .. Shima-mozu.

Swinhoe, P2 2.5, 1871, p- 376; La Fouche, Ibis; 1895, p. 334;

La Touche, op. cit, 1898, p. 366; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 37;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 170.

Specimens from :

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 18, 19, Oct. 20.

Shüshü, (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 12.

Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), Feb. 23.

Suigiureki, Sept. 15.

Taisho (Pescadores Ils.), March.

Family SITTIDÆ.

258. Sitta sinensis Verr. .. .. .. .. *Chabara-gojiukara.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 167; Grant, op. cit., 1908,

p. 602; Sitta europea sinensis (Verr.), Hellmayr, Tierreich, Sittidæ

p- 179.

Specimens from :

Shishaban (Banshoryo Distr.), July 15.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 8, 10.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan.

Family PARIDÆ.

250. Machlolophus holsti (Seeb.).. .. ..* Zatwan-sijiukara.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 168; Parus holsti Seebohm,

Bile On Celis ps Vit minis. 1805, ADP. 146; 211, Pls vi; Tada,

Taiwan Chorui Ippan, pp. 28, 20.

Specimens from :

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April.

198 S. UCHIDA :

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. and Feb.

260. Parus insperatus Swinh. .. .. .. *Atbara-shijiukara.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S, 1871,’ p. 3615 Elwes; op Citer tp (0076

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 29; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 169; Parus insperatus ? La Touche, op. cit, 1895, pp. 322, 332;

Parus monticolus insperatus (Swinh.), Hellmayr, Tierreich, Paridæ,

P- 99

Specimens from :

Rantaisan (Nantö Distr.), Mar. 8.

Racu Racu Mts., Jan. & Feb.

261. Parus castaneiventris Gould... .. *Zaiwan-yamagara.

Swinhoe, P, Z.'S., 1871, p. 361 5 Elwes; Gp, cit, 1674. palpi

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 29; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907,

p. 169; Parus varius castaneiventris (Gould), Hellmayr, Tierreich,

Paride, p.. 84.

262. ZEgithalus concinnus (Gould)... .. .. *Zuaka-gara.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 169; Hellmayr, Tierreich,

Paride; D. 122,

Obtained in Racu Racu Mts., Jan.

Family ORIOLIDÆ.

263. Oriolus indicus Jerd. .. .. .. .. .. Köras-uguisu.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1997, p. 161; Oriolus diffusus Sharpe,

Cat. B. Br. Mus., iti, p.197; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 324, 323,

333; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 366; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

P- 35-

Specimens from:

Taiharö (Taito Distr.), Oct. 16.

Taimari (Taito Distr,), Aug. 28.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Aug. 18, Oct. 4, 8.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 4, 30.

Chuho (Banshoryo Distr.), Aug. 12.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 199

264°. GHolusardens sunb) 2 rn. Se 3. “Ligoromo.

Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 36; Grant and La Touche, Ibis

1907, p. 161; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 601.

Specimens from :

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), May 20.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 11.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Feb. and Mar.

Datetsusan (Banshoryo Distr.), July ro.

Family PLOCHEIDÆ.

265. Uroloncha acuticauda (Hodgs.).. ..* Koshijiro-kinpara.

Shape Cars Be Bes Niuszexiil,, p., 350; (Grant and La» Touche,

Ibis, 1907, p. 162; Munia acuticauda Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1871, p. 385;

La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p- 335; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 369;

Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 53; Uroloncha squamicollis Sharpe,

Gath i: dar Muss Xi} p. 359, part.

Specimens from :

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 4, Oct. 9.

Hokuto (Taiboku Distr.), Sept. 14.

Tappansha, Feb. 22.

Racu Racu Mts. Feb.

266. Munia topela Swinh. .. .. .. .. *Shima-kinpara.

Sharpe bat DB Muss Xi pr 351, La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p-

335; La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 369; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan,

p. 52; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 162.

Specimens from :

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Nov. 20.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Aug. 8.

Hokuto (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 14.

Dabyo (Toroku Distr.), July 20.

267. Munia formosana Swinh... .. .. ..* Zaiwan-kinpara.

Sharpe, Cat. By Br Muss xiii, p..338; La: Touche, Ibis, 1805, p.

200 S. UCHIDAT

335; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 53; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1007, P- 162.

Specimens from :

Shüshü (Nanto Distr.), Feb. 29.

Dakusuisho (Giiran Distr.), Mar. 26.

Family CORVIDÆ.

268. Corvus macrorhynchus levaillanti Less.

Riukiu-hashibutogarasu.

Tada, Taiwan Chörui Ippan, p. 30; Corvus macrorhynchus Wagl.,

La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 370; Grant and La Touche, op.-cit., 1997, p 158.

Specimens from :

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), March.

Gyochi (Nanto Distr.‘, Nov. a.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 31.

Rato (Giiran Distr.), Nov. 6.

269. Pica -piea (LL... a n

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1997, p. 159; Grant, op. cit., 1908,

p. 601; Pica media Blyth,. Swinhoe P. Z. S., p. 382; Pica caudata

Keys. & Blas., La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 335; Pica caudata Ger.,

Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 31.

Specimens from :

Shishi (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 8, Feb. 11, 15, 16.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 18.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Nov. 25.

Giuchokei (Kagi Distr.), Oct. 24.

Tainan (Tainan Distr.), Sept. 5.

270. Urocissa cærulea Gould... .. .. .. *Yamamusume.

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1873-pi9$23 Elwes, sop. seit 1675 pe 00 75

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. iil; p. 74.; La. Touche, ibis, 71805, sp. 4360.

La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 370; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 31;

Grant and La Touche, 1907, p. 371; Grant, op. cit., 1998, p. 691.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 201

Specimens from :

Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Oct. 1.

Shushu (Nanto Distr.), Jan. 15.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 15.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Mar.

Racu-Raca Mt. Jan:

271. Dendrocitta formesæ Swinh. .. .. *Zuzivan-onagadori.

SMG RZ SO PDO 2 WES, ES 1,0 1873; <p. 667;

a Pouche Ibis 41805, pp 320, 221-323, 336; La Touche, op: cit.

1898, p. 370; Tada Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 32; Grant and La

"Bouche ‘bis, 1907; p. 150.

Specimens from :

Basshisho (Taito Distr.), Oct., 24.

Taimari (Taito Distr.), Aug. 23.

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), July 20.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), July 2.

Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Oct. 24.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Oct. 27.

Howozan (Toroku Distr.), Mar.

272. Garrulus taivanus Gould... .. .. *Zakasago-kakesu.

Swinhoe, EZ. S;, 0187153 P2361::; -Elwes, op. cits, 1873, p. 667 ;

‘Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 30; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 160.

Specimens from :

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 6, 9, 11.

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

Racu Racu Mt., Jan., Fcb.

Family £TURNIDE.

273. Aeridotheres cristatellus (L.).. .. .. .. ..*Karen.

Sharpe, Cat BBr Must p.02; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, p. 335;

La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 369; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 40;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 160; Grant, op. cit., 1908, p. 601.

202 S. UCHIDA :

Specimens from :

Shushu (Nanto Distr.), Feb. 4, 8.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar.

Banshiro (Kagi Distr.), April 24.

Kiirun (Kiirun Distr.), Mar. 20.

Inzan (Giiran Distr.), Sept., Nov. 2.

274. Spodiopsar cineraceus (Temm.).. .. .. .. Mukudori.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1007, p. 160; Sturnus cineraceus

Temm., La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 369; Poliopsar cineraceus (Temm.),

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus.,sxiii, p.41.

Specimens from :

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), July 20.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Nov. 15.

Toroku (Toroku Distr.), Sept.

275. Sturnia sinensis (Gmel.). .. .. .. ..Kara-mukudori.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., xiii, ip. 685; La Touche Ibis, 189648p:

335; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 41; Grant and La Touche, op.

Cit: LGO7Faps 1109: G

Family ZOSTEROPIDZ.

276. Zosterops simplex Swinh.r Gt NE re AE

Swinhoe, P. °Z.S.,- 1871, 1p. 13495. Ex Touche Ibis, 1395, pee

La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 367; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 28;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 1673, Grant, "op. cit; 21908,

p. 602.

Specimens from :

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 27.

Sanshiten (Kagi Distr.), Sept. 13.

Taihoku (Taihoku Distr.), Aug.

Shisangan (Taihoku Distr.), Sept. 3.

Rantaisan (Nanto Distr.), Mar. 16.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 203

Family DICÆIDÆ.

77 IGenmesp mre te n anadort.

Apparently nearest to D. erythrorhynchus (Lath.) but differing

from it in having no dusky center to head feathers.

Two specimens, both female, from :

Wrattanta; Jan. 12.

Chuho (Banshoryö Distr.), Aug. 10.

Family FRINGILLIDÆ.

“278. Eophona personata (Temm. & Schl.). .. .. .. Jkarı.

Obtained in Horisha (Nantö Distr.), Jan.

279. Eophona migratoria Hart... .. .. .. Rikuzen-ikaru.

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 163; Eophona melanura

migratoria Hartert, Vögel Pal. Faun. pt. i, p. 59; Coccothraustes

melanurus (Gmel.), La Touche, Ibis, 1898, p. 368; Coccothraustes

melanura Jard. & Selbz., Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 51.

“Obtained in Tansui (Taihoku Distr.), April 16. |

“280 Coccothraustes vulgaris japonicus (Temm. & Schl.).

Shime.

281. Carpodacus incertus Grant. .. .. * Zakasago-mashiko.

Grant bolls B. Br. ONCE D 1225 Grant and La -Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 164; Rothschild, Bull. B. O. C., XXI, p. 9; Grant, Ibis, 1908,

p. 601.

Specimens from :

Arisan (Kagi Distr.), April 12.

Niitakayama (Mt. Morrison), Jan.

2822. Chrolie sinica ER ren... =. Kawaraz=hiwa.

Sharpe, Cat: B. Br. Mus; Prop. 26; Grant and La Touche, Ibis,

1907, p. 163.

283. Phyrrhula owstoni Roths. & Hart... .. * Zakasago-uso.

Rothschild, Bu bh, O RSS po; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p.. 602);

Uchida, Dobutsugaku Zasshi, 1910, p. 530.

204 S. UCHIDA :

Obtained in Shishaban (Banshoryo Distr.), July 16.

284.. Passer montanus (©). ON ST

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 386; La Touche, Ibis, 1395, p.03358

La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 368; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p.

49; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 163.

Specimens from:

Gyochi (Nanto Distr.), Feb.

Suisha (Nanto Distr.), Sept.

is)

Kagi (Kagi Distr.), Nov. 13.

Bokoto (Pescadores Ils.), Jan.

285. Passer rutilans Temm... .: .. .v 2.MNinnatsuzume.

Swinhoe, PA Z.-S., 1871, p. 386; Sharpe, Cate Babe) Museen

p. 329; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 51; Grant and La Touche,

Ibis 1907 D. 103:

Specimens from :

Horisha (Nanto Distr.), Jan.

Shamikisha, April 5.

Family EMBERIZIDÆ.

286: Emberiza fucata PAIE CE

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 164.

287. Emberiza cioides Brandt.... ©... 92) len 2 oro!

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 165.

288. Emberiza spodocephala Pall. 12 1 ere

Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 388; La Touche, Ibis, 1895; Pi 3355

La Touche, op. cit., 1898, p. 368; Tada Taiwan Chorui Ippan, p. 49;

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 164.

Specimens from :

Gyochi (Nanto Distr.), Dec. 16.

Manka (Taihoku Distr.), April 27.

Nanko (Koshun Distr.)-

289. Emberiza aureola Pall... .. .. .. .. Shima-agjt.

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 205

Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 164.

200. Emberiza sulphurata (Temm. & Schl.).. .. .. Nojiko.

Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus., xii, p. 519; Tada, Taiwan Chorui Ip-

pan, p.51; Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 164; Eupiza sul-

phulata (Temm. & Schl.), Swinhoe, P. Z. S, 1871, p. 388.

206 S. UCHIDA:

TABLE SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF FORMOSAN BIRDS

IN NEIGHBORING REGIONS,

Liukiu Sai.

Philip-

Hainan pine Ils.

Species Ils. China

Podicipes philippensis +. elena ì x

Diomedia falbatris Ste cee ee hears x

Diomedia nigripes ....

Oceanodroma monorhis .........

Bulweria bulweri

Pufiinus leucomelas sec. see ET

MTN CUMS di ceo vence O x

Sula sula,

m Rime’ 8) E RE 8 ea) (owes, 6 ROIO we were R

Phalacrocorax carbo x

Piralacrocorasabichistauusy aie

Fregata minor.

ATC EARCINErCA er ec x

Colymbus septentrionalis ............ x

Herodias’eulophotes "re BE:

Ardeargarzettar Ne AE ES an

DELIRI RX

Ardea intermediar 2 e

Afdetta sinensisiy. oie cs: ae x x

Botaugusstell answer sie cee eee

Gorsachius oise EE Re

Gorsachius melanolophus ........ ae x

Phonyx manillensis

ÉHerodiastalba ee ,

Ardetta CINNaAMOMEL tore eenmie

Nycticorax nycticorax

Rd OSG ONION DEAR

Butorides Java ye cn oases oe ee

RE i EL

Nycticorax prasinosceles

0 000 0 0000908

DS DE? SU Se

Dupetortlavicolispa sae ene ;

Ibis mippont IT "27 UT RE O SIRIA

Platalea: minor + Se Were - x x

Platalea“Major RASE

Anas javanica er ee, Le. x x x

A HAND-LIST

Anas zonorhyncha ...... re.

“nas: DOSENAS swt es ano:

ANASTOMOSI

Anasıtaleatase, „ur... sun

were sälericulata: +. er

OF FORMOSAN BIRDS

Aethyiaulieula #60" ASCA

*Aethyiaimarila zo

CGlangula celangula. 2...

Datla acute” RA

Oidemia fusca stejnegeri ....

Spatula clypeata LAN...

fPadornascomiutan i...

Wa dorna rutllast..n ces. sos

Marecar penelope ops

Nettion*cereccay ....- Sel ds

Querquedula ‘eircia? :-.. 2.

Mierans Sera tOn zi...

Amsertalbimomsi EC ne

Circus: æruginosus Lu

Circus spilonotus 2%...

Feeipiter SUlALIS 2.2.2.2...

Aecipiter affinis..... . ua

Lophospiza trivirgata ......

Mquilanheliaca rn...

Sattonntisncheelan 2.4. 62-220:

Spizestus mipalensis® ....2....

Buteo=valparis er...

Butastur indicus

Falco tinnunculus japonicus

Falco peregrinus

Pandion haliatus

Turnix taigoor

Turnix dussumieri

Arboricola crudigularis

Coturnix coturnix

Excalfactoria chinensis......

Bambusicola sonorivox .....

è 00000

O TENOR DICONO

XIX

DE II TI

PO), OX O MP MD ES

LE ON OK OS OK LS

EIER

208 S. UCHIDA :

Galophasis mikado m... a

Hypetznidiarstriata. ... .2e..: ME:

R'allina*formosana. 72.4... 2 BASI

Porzana-fusca RENE Te

Amaurormis phosnidita See

Gallicrexcinereat i:

Gallinula/fchicropis i vr er eae,

Fulica-atrà VERSA SEN:

StrepsilaS:MinterpreS so RS ee

Squatarolasihelveticas 2... ze

Charadriusctalvusen me sae arte

Charadrius MINOR n ace ee =

Charadrius*monvolicus zen een

Charadrius geoffroyi Tan en

Charadrius ‘cantiantis= I. ve

Lobivanellus cinereus: e ne

Vanellusivulgaris Sn Se eg

Heematopus osculans ers oer

Himantopus himantopus M" 2...

Recurvirostra avocetta........ ale

Numenius arquatus ...... STARTE

Numenius variegatus 5.04. nen.

Numenius-minutus, NRE ARS

Numenius CYANODUS rs a e

Limosa rita Mropygals ms er

Totanus-terekiusıe tene aes Motes

Totanus Aincanus.- brevipes: ss... nen

Totanusı glageola era cer ale

Totanus hy poleweds mars. een

Totanus ochropuse mer ge Suso

Totanus:sta gna Eee

Totanus.’grottis dr

Totanus calidnis ere eee aro

Phalaropus’ hyperborenss ve sce. meee >

Limicolassibitica NP RME

Tringa-suficollis 7. an N er re

Rh RD NE TE OR ee ORL,

IIS, PCM NT OX, NATI

IE NG CM KOR, Ke OK

NE KOK, XK

DC NE EX Os OX BX OS X

DK OOS RE TR XX

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS

Hringa acuminata.... rs Hate ater

#rmpaltalpina pacifica. er ren

Bra Area nane nn

Inga temminckle ea

aningatsubarqtata toni

Rostratula eapenss .. kennen

Kallınagorezxlestrisi ee...

Kallmapor meralan Sr RL. eue

Gallinago sallmular 3 2.2.2 2-2.

Gallinaeo stenura®. coat katie ewe et

Seolopaxtustteolar ata pisa

Giareolatorientalist eis e. rete

Hydrophasianus chirurgus ..........

Parusinidibinduse o LL ee.

Earusisavadersi i a Ahern

USE CAD US Ce bien cv ee à

AUS era SSITOStRIS sh... a! Ss ae dauer ve

LAS ARES NL CURE een sauren

SORA SENSIS: N TS ia eut

SCT OI ES ES 1. StS asec em aioe

Sterna anzestheta to... oca e)

Sterna \faliomosa® di... u... ea o's

SEEN ACCT by NILE ctl es

Fiydrochelidonmhybrida. en...

Elydropsogne- Caspita na

Pustuxr corientalise Pos... cn a

MBurtur Rumi, den

IATA ENS CHAN RSA CREER

Ehaleophaps indica + boro sich

Golumba:pulchricollis. 2... 2... 3

e@olumiba intermedia’ "+...

Maeropygia pheai oso

Sphenocercus"sororlus .¢f4.5...... ni

Sphenocercustiformose foto...

Etenlusceanolusg sele nero

Cuculus: poliocephalus „...2......:...

Cueulust saturatuse lerne |

@entropsjavanicusi. 4-0... sen

X X

KOS XK Gx

Sa Ro o se

PIANI

XIX

REM IS

LS OX OS 2X

x KX «KK X

MK DE OK OK

10 S. UCHIDA :

Haleyon coromanda, > +e x

Alcedoïbengalensis. CREER eee x

Stix«candida:t; 0.0 RER ER

Syrniùm:nivicola. Let. ee

Syenium' indranee er. ne

Glaucidium) pardalotum = nen

NINOXMAPDONICA <i iets toto hee cen x

Scops;hambroseki: he

Scopstelepansia pt ae eee eee

Scops japonicus: : tie :

Caprimulgus monticola..... ENTER

Cheturanudipess ie <a

Cy pselus Tpacineusnn em pale

Cypselus subfurcatus ......... aces

Cyanops nuchalis #8. seen eee

Iyngipieuskalensis te meer

Iynsipieus’wattersi, Pt ee

Gecinus'tancolo en. em

Dedrocopus insularis

Pitta nympha

Alauda sala

OMe) cle sis sutele Oe cD Di, et

Alauda cœlivox

wong fs ar anale Te (e (elle even eee

Motacilla taivana X

Motacilla melanope x

ARSA SO nee ee

Motacilla leucopsis

CRISTO le! tie sets sie Dai

Motacilla ocularis

elie la ‘elle “0 es wi ade) ne (e iS nie

Motacilla lugens. ME en ER X

ANENUSMACUIAUS EEE EE TE EEE x

AST SAMS a5 au OR x

Anthus richardi

Trochalopterum taivanum

ale (e le e cy Lan

Trochalopterum morrisonianum ......

Pomatorhinus imusicus: 2474...

Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis ........

Garrulax rificeps er ne

Dryonastes poecilorhynchus..........

Alcippe 'mortisonia EE RE oe

Proparus formosanus. .

ois oe) wel eens «8°, ele

OX III

X X

OK ER RR

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS

Scheeniparus DEUNNEUS ie e.

Stachyrhiodopsis præcognitus ........

Myiophoneus: insularıs mu... enne

Malacıas aucicnlanrisys en eins ss ole

Atctinodurasmorrisoniana ue...

Nuhina@brunneiceps ae i

Klerpornis tyrannulus ...2......-.

Liocichla steeri

+ ehnto ss ellsiisuninehjeiLer ein: ie ler (e 000»,

Elypsipetes: nigertimus sss alt

Hypsipetes amaurotis squamiceps ....

Spizixus einereicapillus

Hemichelidon sibirica

Hemichelidon ferruginea

Alseonax latirostris

pOmo Coo 6 OO (ste (sie ced

Muscicapa luteola

Muscicapa griseisticta

Niltava cyanomelæna

Crogsmiseyividal a cagate

Muscicapa hyperythra

Xanthopygia affinis

Hypothymis azurea

iberpsiphone princepS@ wn 2...

Terpsiphone nigra

Cryptolopha fulvifacies

Turdus fuscatus

00 Osd9e On tea; ie, (9) (0) (ele

DI ROLO TOTO IRC Oto 010 00 «ORO TO TORSO

ell'anie,cellolle teo] dieletn se ele = ©

Turdus chrysolaus

Turdus obscurus

Turdus pallidus .....

Bisel el sie wie, aa +.

Turdus albiceps

Once Clete DI Onc) Cull) Ce CORD RAC CIO)

Geocichla varia....

a © © =) se ®, ©) ee 0 © ee 6 ©

Monticola solitarius

Ruticilla aurorea

Pratincola maura ..

DETTO de D'OR TEO

VERSI RS

x PS OS OX

> DI CS eK

DA DS 2S DS

212 S. UCHIDA :

Calliope comtschatkensis ............

Ianthia cyanura...... is SELENA

Janthia johnstonie CT etree

Notodela imontium@it... vee eer

Microcichlasscoulen ec sen

Acrocephalus orientalis ............

Cisticolaaolitans (Lies Some ee oe

Cisticola cisticola, =. eee

Lusciniola fuscata 7,2. russ

Urosphena isquamieeps = fos CEE

Horornisarebustipes. Fre sera

Horornis cantori SR RR

Phylloscopus superciliosus ..........

Phylloscopus xanthodryas ..........

Phylloscopus borealis ........

Phy loscopuscoronatus..32. 44.2 Ren

Regulus cristatus orientalis..........

Regulus goodfellowi ................

Suya “CHNigera ne AS

Prinia 1extensicatda Goa oe eee

Burnesia sonitans RR

Cinclus=miantla er an rer Zee

Anorthura fumisata Ir Sr

Hirundo’smolatan 22.5 ee

Flirundoe.putturalis <<. 2er

Cotile riparia: >. feat

Péricrocotus cinereusa. eee eee

Pericrocotusgriseigularis "m0 2

Grauecalus rex pine ER

Chaptia:braunana gota

Buchanea attra ene ere

Ampelis’ japonieussaeore ies ce ae

Laniusischach' "ere

Taniussuciohnensis (eee Eee So

Sitta sinensis: "ix IR I

Machlolophus holst ER eee

Parus-insperatos 77 ti

Parus.castaticIventrls RON.

DER OS, RX

I, ARS

A HAND-LIST OF FORMOSAN BIRDS 213

SEgithalostconcinnus teste pont x

QOS ANUS ees een en à x

Oriolustardens rer ne |

IGE KEK

Miuniartopélar.r. 27.0: Sho ART SONO x

MAanar:forplosanat et een ini x

Corvus macrorhynchus levaillanti .... x x x

aca PICA Mot Oc x x

Elroeissa® czruleas : 22... Sean.

SPOdIOpSar- eineracens ione x

SÉDHHASSINENSIS AE res ea nee.

RER

VI XIX

Zosterops simplex. 00 nia

DEIR ie ars cud

Tophonatpersonata: ss... x

Bophonamigratona . 2 2... 32. ac. X

Coccothraustes vulgaris japonicus

@arpodacussimeertüs 2.15... 082.

CITÉS SMIC a ee Stee x

DYECHUEWOWSTONE + ee o

Passer montanus

Bassersnütllansı Anni

Emberiza fucata

Bmbertzateioidese ar 2. stew ers are Ae

Emberiza:spodocephala +... 4000. X

Emberiza aureola

ele eh sule’ le (ee (2 fe ele sl a vies

Zi OX OK OK 0888

Emberiza sulphurata.

| Li “ihe

‘4 - u

® ich «i 1

nf calze Cri rara —

A Ind è

a ‘

7 &

pr Des

prigioni not ©

NOTICE.

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ANNOTATIONES

ZOOLOGICH JAPONENSEN.

Vol. VIIL, Part II.

PUBLISHED

The Tokyo Zoological Society.

TOKYO,

July, 1913.

GON TEN-ES:

Notes on the Spermatogenesis of the Wild and the Domesticated

Silkworms.

By NAOHIDE YATSU. %

On a New Stalked Crinoid from the Sagami Sea (Phrynocrinus

obtortus).

By H. MATSUMOTO,

Preliminary Notice of a New Interesting Ophiuran (Astrophiura

kawamurai). With Plate III.

By H. MATSUMOTO.

A Revision of the'Mantispidae of Japan. —

QU © By WARO NAKATIARA.

A New Fresh-water Nemertine from Japan (Stickostemma gran-

dis). With Plate IV.

By Dr. IWAJI IKEDA.

On a New Species of Chloromyxum from the Gall-bladder of the-

Carp. ;

BYE EEA |

A Hand-List of Japanese and Formosan Mammals.

By B. AOKI. -

A Catalogue of Hermit-crabs found in Japan (Paguridea exclud-

ing Lithodidae), with Descriptions of Four New Species.

(With 4 textfigs.)

By ARATA TERAO:..

Pac

215

221

225

eee)

239

355

Notes on the Spermatogenesis of the Wild

and the Domesticated Silkworms.

Naohide Yatsu.

Although the spermatogenesis of some lepidoptera has been

lately studied with especial reference to the chromosomes by the

late Miss STEVENS (’05), MUNSON (’06), Miss DEDERER (’07) and. Miss

Cook (10), yet that of the silkworm has not been undertaken since

the apperance of TOYAMA’S papers (’94 a and b). What one finds in

the later literature regarding the germ-cells of the silkworm is

limited to fragmentary notes by LA VALETTE ST. GEORGE (’97), HEN-

NEGUY (’98) and MEVES (’03) on structures other than the chromo-

somes. Such paucity of works on the spermatogenesis of the silk-

worm is rather remarkable, since in most countries the material can

be obtained without difficulty.

As there are quite a number of varieties in the domesticated

silkworm, I thought that they would be an excellent object for the

study of correlation between their morphological features and the

chromosomal characters. So I undertook a comparative study of

spermatogenesis of the wild silkworm (Zheophila mandriana) and of

the following seventcen varicties of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx

mori) :

Dainyorai

Aojiku

Koishimaru

Araya Japanese races.

Watako

Seihaku

Shirojima x Kurojima

Kasasagi

SO OR OR ER a

Corean No. 1 (dark brown) Corean races.

Corean No. I (green)

216 N. VATSU?

II, Shin-en

12. Ryükaku

13. Birodo

14. Chinese

15. Bagdad } Turkish races.

16. Bas-Alps

17. Italian No I

Chinese races.

European races.

As fixing fluids acetic-sublimate and FLEMMING’S solution were

used. The latter preserves excellently both the cilia and the V-

shaped centrioles of the primary spermatocyte, which were described

and figured by MEVES (’97) and HENNEGUY (’98).

It is interesting to note that the testes of all the yellow cocoon

races are yellow as are also their silk-glands and body-fluid. In those

races, moreover, the testes grow slower than in the white cocoon races,

so that the larvae of the former yield testes of suitable stages for the

study, when they have grown to a size much larger than those of

the latter.

I experienced some difficulty in getting the materal of the wild

silkworm. <A large percentage of its larvae was found to be infested by

the maggot (Ugimia sericaria), and only a few individuals could be

obtained, that were free from the parasites and yielded good testes for

my purpose.

Besides the testes, young ovaries were cut into sections in order

to study the oogonial division.

Here I must thank Professor TOYAMA of the Agricultural College

and Mr. HAYASHI of the Tokyo Scricultural Institute for the kindness

shown me in many ways, especially in providing me with the material.

Results.

As wili be seen from the appended figures, all the chromosomes

of the silkworms look almost alike, there being found no perceptible

differences both in shape and size. A constant mode of arrangement

of the chromosomes at the metaphase cannot be detected. Of the

seventeen varieties, that came under my cxamination, I could find no

SPERMATOGENESIS OF SILKWORM. zi

All the figures were drawn with the camera at the level of table and with Zeiss

apochromat I.smm. oi] immersion objective and No. 18 compensating eye-piece, which

combination gives an enlargement cf 48co diameters.—Fig. 1, metaphase of spermatogonial

division in the domesticated silkworm (“ Shirojima ” x“ Kurojima”); polar view.—Figs. 2

and 3, equatorial plates of first spermatocyte-division in the wild silkworm (27 chromo-

somes),—Fig. 4, second spermatccyte-division in same (27 chromosomes).—Fig. 5, first division

in the domesticated silkworm, race “Italian No, 1” (28 chromosomes).—Fig. 6, same, race

“ Rasasagi.’— Fig. 7, second division in same, race “ Birödo.”—Fig. 8, same, race “ Kasa-

sagi ” ; side view.

218 N. YATSU:

difference in their chromosomal characters. This seems rather remark-

able in view of the fact that the larvae are so divergent in exter-

nal characters. It may, therefore, be concluded that among varieties

of the silkworm there is no morphological correlation between external

features and chromosomes. Thus the primary object of the present

study was frustrated. Nevertheless, I may mention the two following

facts as worth noting.

I. The haploid number of chromosomes in the domesticated

silkworm is 28, contrary to ToYAMA’S statement. This was determined

by counting the chromosomes at the metaphase of the first and the

second spermatocyte division (figs. 5, 6 and 7). The unreduced

number, therefore, must be 56. During spermatogonial divisions the

chromosomes cannot be exactly counted owing to their crowded state,

but they number unquestionably between 50 and 60, and decidedly

not 28 as TOYAMA has stated (’94b, p. 132). There occurs appa-

rently the same number of chromosomes in the equatorial plate during

the division of oogonia and of the follicle cells of both the testis and

ovary. It need hardly be mentioned that the second spermatocyte

division is of the ordinary type, contrary to TOYAMA’S observation

(’94b p. 137). That author thought that each of the 28 bivalent

chromosomes does not divide, but half of them go to one pole and the

remaining to the other, thus reducing the number to 14. It is a rather

singular coincidence that MUNSON (’06) also observed a similar mode

of division in Papilio rutulus. As a matter of fact, each of the

chromosomes becomes constricted into two, as is seen in the side-view

shown in fig. 8, each spermatid receiving 28 chromosomes. I have no

evidence to decide which of the two spermatocyte divisions is reducing.

2. In the wild silkworm known to systematists as Zheophila

anandriana or Bombyx mandriana, the haploid number of chromosomes

is 27 (figs. 2,3 and 4). The unreduced number should then be 54,

though for the same reason as mentioned above, the exact number

of the chromosomes in the diploid group “cannot be made out.

SPERMATOGENESIS OF SILKWORM. 219

By comparing various characteristics of the wild and domesticated

silkworms, SASAKI (’98, came to the conclusion that the former should be

taken for the ancestral form, from which the various races of the ordinary

silkworm were derived. If so, in the course of domestication the wild

form must have acquired two additional chromosomes. But when and

how these two came into existence is still an open question. Not unlikely

ancient people took hold of a mutant from the wild TZheophila and

succeeded in producing from it the races better fitted for their necd.

It will be of great interest to study the chromosome groups in

the cross of the wild and domesticated silkworms. Male Zheophila is

known to come sometimes from the mulberry bush to mate with female

Bombyx moth and, as I was told, the rearing of the cross is not

a difficult task. It is highly probable that in the germ cells of the

cross, one chromosome of the domesticated silkworm will not find its

mate at synapsis and will appear as an accessory or heterotropic

chromosome.

Zoological Institute, Tokyo Imp. Univ.

Nov. 1, 1912.

Literature.

Cook, M. H., ’10.,—Spermatogenesis in Lepidoptera: Proceed. Acad.

Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, LXII.

DEDERER, P. H., ’07.—Spermatogenesis in Philosamia cynthia. Biol.

Bull, XIII.

HENNEGUY, L. F., ’98.—Sur les rapports des cils vibratiles avec les

centrosomes. Arch. anat. mic. I.

LAVALETTE ST. GEORGE, ’97.—-Zur Samen- und Eibildung bei Seiden-

spinnen (Bombyx mori). Arch. mikr. Anat. L.

MEVES, F., ’97.—Uber den Centralkôrper in männlichen geschlechts-

zellen von Schmetterlingen. Anat. Anz. XIV.

MEvEs, F., ’03.—Uber oligopyrene und apyrene Spermien und über

220 N. YATSU: SPERMATOGENESIS OF SILKWORM.

ihre Entstehung, nach Beobachtungen an Paludina und

Pygaera. Arch. mikr. Anat. LXI.

MUNSON, P. ’06.—Spermatogenesis of the butterfly, Papilio rutulus.

Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XXXIII. |

SASAKI, C., ’98.—On the affinity of our wild and domestic silk-

worms: Annot. Zool. Jap. Il.

STEVENS, N. M., ’50.— Studies in spermatogenesis I-II. Carnegie Inst.

Publicat. XXXVI, 2.

TOYAMA, K., ’94 a.— Preliminary note on spermatogenesis of Bombyx

mori. Zool. Anz. 438.

TOYAMA, K., ’o4b.—on the spermatogenesis of the silk-worm. Bull.

Agric. Coll. II.

On a New Stalked Crinoid from the

Sagami Sea (Phrynocrinus obtortus).

H. Matsumoto, Rigakushi.

Zool. Inst. Sci. Coll, Tokyo.

The collector of the Misaki Marine Laboratory, Mr. K. Aoki,

obtained a specimen of an interesting stalked Crinoid at Okinose in

the Sagami Sea on Jan. 14., 1912. Though unfortunately the greater

part of its crown had been broken off and lost, the curious structure of

the stem at once attracted my attention, and ona close examination it

was found that this crinoid is evidently referable to Phrynocrinus *

CLARK, but that it represents a second and new species distinct from

the genotype.

Phrynocrinus obtortus, n. sp.

The stem, completely preserved, measures 320 mm. in length and

is composed of columnals just one hundred in number. These in

lateral view presents each a somewhat trapezoidal outline with convexly

swollen lateral sides. The external surface of each columnal is divided

into four triangular areas by rounded edge-like boundaries, and with

the apices directed alternately upwards and downwards. Taking any

two consecutive columnals, the upwardly dirceted apices of the triangular

areas of the lower one are apposed to the downwardly directed apices

of same of the upper. The articular surfaces are elliptical in outline

(fig. g), the long (fulcral) axes of the upper and lower articular surfaces

not coinciding in their direction but running so as to form certain angles

* Literature : CLARK 1997, two new Crinoids from the North Pacific Ocean. Proc.

U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXXII, No. 1543.—Ditto 1910, the phylogenetic interrelationships of

the recent Crinoids. Ibid., Vol XXXVIII, No. 1732.—Ditto 1910, on the origin of certain

types of Crinoid stems. Ibid., Vol. XXXVIII, No. 1749.

222 H. MATSUMOTO :

Phrynocrinus obtortus.

a. Calyx and upper parts of stem. x I. b. Root and lower end of stem xt. c. Calyx and

upper end of stem. x3. d. Middle parts of stem. x3. e. Twelfth to seventh columnals

from root. x3. f. Calyx viewed from above. x3. g. A columnal showing the upper

articular surface. x 3.

between them. The surfaces are more narrowly elliptical in the upper

parts of the stem than in the lower parts, towards which they become

gradually broader until they finally assume a nearly circular outline.

The lowest columnal is but indistinctly set off from the encrusting root,

being in firm fusion with the latter (fig. b). Columnals in the lower

parts of the stem measure 6 mm. in length of the long (fulcral) axis

and 5 mm. in that of the short, by an average vertical length of 4 mm; in

A NEW STALKED CRINOID. 223

all of them the long axes of the upper and lower articular surfaces

run in directions at right angles with each other. The seventh to

ninth columnals, counted from the root, are almost soldered into one

piece, showing between them very imperfect and scarcely movable

articulations (fig. b); they measure altogether g mm. in length. The

thirteenth to fifteenth columnals, likewise counted from the lower stem

end, are also partially fused together, the articulations between them

being still more imperfect than in the last mentioned section and

being but feebly indicated by two constriction lines (fig. e). The three

together are 8 mm. long; the middle one is much shorter than the

others, measuring only 1.5 mm. in length. From about the end of

the lowest third of the stem upwards, the columnals measure 6 mm.

in major and 4 mm. in minor diameter, and 4,5 mm. in vertical

length, the long axes of the upper and lower articular surfaces being

always so directed as to intersect each other at angles of about

. Finally in the uppermost parts of the stem, the columnals mea-

sure 4.5 mm. in major diameter, 3 mm. in the minor, and 2 mm. in

vertical length, the long axes of their upper and lower articular sur-

faces crossing each other at angles of about =. Thus, the stem asa

whole is sinistrously twisted in the upper two thirds of its length. The

third columnal from the top is 1.5 mm, the second 1mm., and the

topmost or the proximale 0.5 mm. in length. The third and the second

are nearly, while the second and the proximale are quite firmly

soldered together. All these three uppermost columnals are shaped

nearly like circular discs, measuring 4 mm. in diameter.

The basals are pentagonal, measuring 3 mm. in width and 1.5 mm.

in height; the lateral sides are 0.5 mm. long; the lower side is 2.5

mm. long and gently curved. The first radials are likewise pentagonal,

3mm. wide, 2 mm. long in the median line, and 2.5 mm. along lateral

sides ; the external surface is convex, especially so in its upper part,

so that the upper articular surface is practically semicircular in outline

The proximale, basals and first radials are completely soldered toge-

224 H. MATSUMOTO: A NEW STALKED CRINOID.

ther. The circlet of first radials is 6. mm. in diameter at the upper

border. The second radials have strongly convex external surfaces,

and present nearly semicircular articular surfaces both above and

below ; each second radial is 1.7 mm. high, 3 mm. wide, and 1.7 thick.

They articulate with the first radials, but do not stand in contact

with one another. The remaining parts of the animal are wanting in

the unique specimen before me.

The colour of the dry specimen is a dull yellowish brown.

Locality: Okinosé, off Misaki in the Sagami Sea; depth about

330 fathoms.

The present species differs from the genotype, PA. nudus CLARK,

chiefly in the more convex external surface of the columnals, in the

long axes of the upper and lower articular surfaces being disposed not

always at right angles as the result of the twisting of the stem, and

in the basals being pentagenal, instead of triangular, in shape.

Preliminary Notice of a New Interesting

Ophiuran (Astrophiura kawaimurat).

H. Matsumoto, Zigakushi.

Zool. Inst., Sci, Coll., Tokyo.

(With Plate III)

Together with the curious Crinoid which I have described in ano-

ther paper published in this journal under the name of Phrynocrinus

obtortus, an interesting specimen of apparently a new species of

Astrophiura was sent me by Mr. K. Aoki of the Misaki Marine

Laboratory. The two were said to have been obtained at the same

locality and on the same day. The specimen in question I have

called A. kawamurai. Deferring its full description to a future paper,

I propose to give here a preliminary notice of it.

Astrophiura kawamurai, n. sp.

Diameter of the pentagonal body 12 mm; that of the disk proper,

or of the circle passing through the outer ends of radial shields, 7

mm. Length of the free arms, 6 mm. Width of same close to the

pentagonal body, 0.4 mm.

In all essential features this species is like the genotype (4.

permira). On the dorsal side, the pentagonal ‘“ asteroid” body is

entirely covered over by stout primary plates and radial shields of

the disk proper and by the dorsal and lateral arm-plates of modified

arm bases. The primary plates consist of the single central, five

basals, five radials, five first interradials and five second interradials.

The infrabasals, basals and interradials are elevated above the level

of the central, radials and radial shields, so as to form a regular

symmetrical system of ridges. Dorsal arm-plates number 7 or 8 in

226 H. MATSUMOTO:

each radius; they are confined in occurrence to the pentagonal body.

Each dorsal plate with a pair of lateral arm-plates which are greatly

modified, in relation to their being contained within the pentagonal

body. The two first lateral arm-plates belonging to different but

directly adjoining radii are apposed to each other in their distal parts

and outside of the second interradial. Distal edges of successive

lateral plates form a continuous line forming interradial border of the

pentagonal body. This border is slightly concave. in the middle

and is margined by a series of soldered papilla, which are evidently

modified arm-spines of the modified lateral plates. These papillæ

grow longer towards the middle of interradial border, there attaining

a length about equal to the width of the latcral plate they belong

to. They number 3 or 4 to each lateral plate.

The ventral interbrachial surface of the pentagonal body, with the

exception of the peripheral zone, is covered with a thin skin containing

fine, delicate, transparent, close-set and polygonal or circular scales.

The peritoneal cavity and genital glands can be discerned through the

skin; both apparently extend into the arm bases. Genital bursa,

plates and scales are absent, while the genital openings are in-

visible. There is only a single oral shield, the madreporite, which is

irregularly triangular in shape and so small and transparent as to be

scarcely perceivable unless the specimen be dried. It is separated from

the adoral shields by a space. The adoral shields (erroneously called

“genital plates” by SLADEN) are long and narrow, with free inner

ends. The oral plates (again erroneously called “ side mouth shields,”

i. e. adoral shields, by SLADEN) are large and stout. A single tooth

(“ apical mouth papilla” of SLADEN) is present at the apex of each

jaw, directed somewhat upwards. There occur no dental or genuine

oral papille; but there exist six or seven papille (“mouth papille,’

i, e. oral papilla, of SLADEN) to each jaw; they are deeply situated

within the oral slits, are directed upwards, and lie on the whole on a

higher level than the single tooth, though the most apical two or three of

ASTROPHIURA KAWAMURAI. 2

them are distinctly above it. They are possibly nothing else than

scales of the first oral tentacles.

Ventral arm-plates in each interradius number 3 or 9, all situated

within the limit of the pentagonal body. 7 or 8 pairs of tentacles are

present in each radius, being also confined in their occurence to the

pentagonal body. The first pair of them are very large, and are homolo-

gous with the second oral tentacles of other Ophiurans, belonging, as

they do, to the same arm-joint together with the first ventral arm-plates

and adoral shields. All the tentacle pores, except the outermost one or

two, are provided with one or two scales. Every two successive ten-

tacle pores are separated from each other by a ridge (erroneously

considered by SLADEN to be “ambulacural plate”) of the basal or

adradial parts of the lateral arm plate, which belongs to the same

joint as the outer of the two pores.

The free distal parts of arms outside the pentagonal body are

very abortive, being devoid of any dorsal and ventral arm-plates as

well as of tentacle pores. There is a single, very small arm spine

on each lateral arm-plate, though on the first one or two free joints,

there occur two or three spines. In some radii, indications are not

wanting of the first free arm-joint being in the process of being taken

up into the pentagonal body.

Colour in alcohol : whitish, or light yellow; central, radials, radial

shields and the inner parts of ventral interbrachial spaces bluish gray.

Locality: Okinosé, a submarine bank off Misaki in the Sagami

Sea. Depth about 330 fathoms.

The present species differs from the genotype, A. permira SLADEN,

chiefly in the very regular arrangement of plates on the dorsal surface

of the pentagonal body; in the larger central plate; in the much

smaller and quite regular infrabasals ; in the much narrower basals

and interradials being raised so as to form a regular symmetrical

system of ridges; in the radial shields forming a pair being

scarcely in direct contact with each other instead of overlapping; in

228 ll. MATSUMOTO: ASTROPHIURA KAWAMURAÏ.

the absence of a central boss on the primary plates; in the very

regular-shaped and much narrower dorsal arm-plates; in the much

smaller and rather inconspicuous madreporic shield; in the longer

adoral shields; in the somewhat narrower oral plates, the two in inter-

radial pairs being in contact with each other to a less extent; in the

saddle-shaped ventral arm-plates ; and finally in the free arms being much

narrower. Again, this species differs from CHUN ’s Astrophiura,*

which has not yet been specifically named, chiefly in the smaller and

regular-shaped infrabasals ; in the narrower basals and interradials ;

in the clevated infrabasals, basals and interradials ; in the absence of a

central boss on the primary plates; in the much narrower dorsal arm-

plates ; and in the much narrower free arms. The Astrophiura sp. just

referred to seems to stand somewhat nearer to the genotype than to

the present species.

*CHUN, Aus den ‘Teifen des Weltmeeres, 1900, p. 488, fig. Ditto, 2te Aufl., 1903,

p. 171, fig.

Explanation of Plate Ill.

lig. 1. dstrophiura kawamurai viewed from above. x 6.

Fig. 2. Ditto viewed from below. x 6.

A Revision of the Mantispidae of Japan.

Waro Nakahara.

In spite of the fact that the Mantispidac of Japan have been

studied by MacLachlan”, Miyake”, Okamoto” and others”, I have

had the good fortune of discovering a new species from the Province

of Harima. This I propose to describe in this paper, at the same

time improving the opportunity by adding some remarks on all other

species of the family found in Japan.

The wing venation has been regarded by many entomologists as

one of the most important characters for the systematic of the Mantis-

pidae. This is no doubt true to a degree, but for the purpose of

specific distinction I have found it to be much too variable a character

to rely upon.

Family MANTISPIDZE.

Subfamily Mantispine.”

Genus Eumantispa Okamoto.

Okamoto, Zool. Anz., xxxvii, p. 299 (tott).

So far as known, this genus scems to be peculiar to Japan.

1) A sketch of our present knowledge of the neuropterous fauna of Japan (excluding

Odonata and Trichoptera). Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1875, Pt. ii.

2) The Mantispidae of Japan. Journ. Coll. Agricul. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Vol. ii, 1910

3) Beitrag zur Mantispiden Fauna Japans. Zool. Anz. Bd. xxxvii, rout.

4) Matsumura, Syst. Ent. (Konchü-bunruigaku), Vol. i, 1997.—Nayas, Mantispidos

neuevos, Mem. Real. Acad. Cien. Art, Bar., Vol. vii, 1909.

5) The other subfamily, Anisopterinæ, is, so far as known, not represented in

Japan.

230 W. NAKAHARA!

1. Eumantispa Harmandi (Navas).

Mantispa Harmandi, Navas, Mem. Real. Acad. Cien. y Art. de

Barchelona, vii, p. 480 (1909).

Mantispa Sasakit, Miyake, Journ. Coll. Agr. Tokyo, ii, p. 217,

pl. Xi, fies. 2,24, 2b, ¥ (1910).

Eumantispa Suzukii (Mats.), Okamoto, Zool. Anz. xxxvii, p. 294

(1911).

Eumantispa Sasakti, Okamoto, l. c. p. 295.

After a study of the type specimens of both Sasaki and Suzuki

and comparing them with the original description of Zarmandi, I have

come to the conclusion that all the three forms mentioned are identical,

I therefore relegate Sasakii and Suzukir to the list of the synomyms

of Harmandi.

This species is not at all rare in mountainous wooded regions of

Japan, and appears in August and September but especially in the

latter month.

2, Eumantispa Nawae (Miyake).

Mantispa Nawae, Miyake, Journ. Coll. Agr. Tokyo, ii, p. 216,

pl. xii, figs. 4, 4a, 4b (1910).

Eumantispa Nawae, Okamoto, Zool. Anz., xxxvii, p. 294 (1911).

I have no observation of my own concerning this species.

Genus Mantispa Illiger.

Illiger, Verz. Kafer Preussens*.

Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., n.s.,i, pp. 252-53 (1852).

Walker, Cat. Neuropt. Brit. Mus., pt. ii, p. 213 (1853).

Enderlein, Stett. Ent. Zeit., pp. 344-45, fig. 1 (1910).

(Subgen. Mantispa TI, Enderlein, 1. c; Subgen. Mantispilla

Enderlein, 1. €)

*This work was unfortunately not accessible to me. -

MANTISPIDAE OF JAPAN. 231

It seems to me that Enderlein’s classification of the genus into

subgenera based on a certain point of the wing venation, is too arbi-

trary to be retained. The venation is subject to individual variations

to such an extent that it can scarecly be utilized with advantage for

the purpose.

3. Mantispa japonica MacLachlan.

Mantispa japonica, MacLachlan, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. ii,

p. 178 (1875); Miyake, Journ. Coll. Agr. Tokyo, ii, p. 220,

pl. xii, figs. 5, 5a, 5b, è (1910); Okamoto, Zool. Anz, xxxvii,

p. 296 (1911).

Mantispa diminuta, Matsumura, Syst. Ent. (Konchü-bunruigaku),

i, p. 169 (1907); Mantispa (Mantispilla) diminuta Mats.,

Okamoto, Zool. Anz., xxxvii, p. 296 (I9I1).

I hold that Mantispa diminuta of Matsumura is simply a varia-

tional form of Mantispa japonica MacLachlan, which is very variable

in neuration as well as in the dimensions of body. The smallest and

largest individuals differ in dimensions to a rather remarkable

extent, so that one might easily be misled to take the extremes for

specifically distinct.

Here is a table showing variations in the dimen ions of parts and

in the neuration of fore-wing.

Number of veins

arising from Ist

radial cell of fore-

wing

Length | Width | Length} Length

of fore-| of fore- | of hind | of pro-

wing wing wing | thorax.

Length

of body

Speci-

men

Locality.| Sex.

Proy. 8 cs

: mm.| 10mm. | 2.6mm = mm Sinole

Twashiro. 9mm.| 4 g

Tokyo 107 sol sy Sy Wes MO A Two

14 1 13.5 ” 3.5 LE IIS ” 4 LE] ”

na AS 15 » TA: A He gs AS Single

(©)

Li; 12:5 55 dl; 10.5 ,, ASS Two

232 W. NAKAHARA:

MI. japonica is a rather common species in Hondo (the main island

of Japan). Also from Kiushiu I have received a series of specimens. It

occurs in Korea too.

The adults are usually found among the ground ‘vegetation in

forests in the month of June, sometimes in great abundance; in July

and August they occur in less numbers.

4. Mantispa formosana Matsumura.

Mantispa (Mantispilla) formosana Mats., Okamoto, Zool. Anz.,

XXXVII, p. 297-98 (1911).

This form known from Formosa is not improbably identical with

M. luzonensis Navas (Mem. Real. Acad. Cien. Art. Barchelona, vii,

P+ 479, 1909), though perhaps it may be distinguished as a variety of

the latter.

Genus Climaciella Enderlein.

Enderlein, Stett. Ent Zeit., p. 360 (1910).

5. Climaciella subfusca sp. nov.

Head ochraceous yellow with two black lines on clypeus ; max-

illary and labial palpi also ochraceous yellow ; frons and top of head

bright yellow; slightly impressed on each side from the base of

antennae along inner margin of eyes; occiput black; antennae with

more than 20 joints (some terminal joints lost), about twice as long

as head, basal joints ochraceous yellow, all other joints fuscous ;

eyes black.

Prothorax deep black (probably dark brown in life), with num-

erous fine transverse impressions ; its anterior dilated portion yellowish

fuscous, anterior top dusted with dark fulvous.

Meso- and metathorax dark fulvous, with yellow scutella.

Fore-leg ochraceous, raptorial femora and trochantera dusted

MANTISPIDAE OF JAPAN. 233

a N

Climaciella subfusca, n. sp. 2. 3x.

with black; tibiae and inner side of femora brownish yellow, outer

side of coxae dark yellow.

Mid- and hind-legs also ochraceous with yellow tibia.

Wings hyaline with fuscous veins; their anterior and outer parts

broadly light brown, narrowly so along the veins that arise from

radial cells ; both the wings with three veins from Ist radial cell and three

or two veins from 2nd radial cell; anal veins not crotched, but simple ;

pterostigma wide, light brownish orange.

Abdomen yellow, variegated with fuscous ; hind margin of segments

mostly black,

Measurements :

Renghtse body o on nn = oss 11.5 mm.

» BOLE RE A a . II mm.

Width? oft fore-wingh on estes ne... 3 mm.

Bensthr otchind gna ee... 10 MM.

5 SERDIOVN ONE ans soe 225 mm.

The type is a single female specimen which was captured by Mr.

Söbei Iguchi at Kusakimura in Sayo-göri, Harima Province, on Septem-

ber 17th, 1907.

The present species is the smallest C/imaciella known. It is

234 W. NAKAHARA:

nearly related to C. habutsuclla Okamoto, but differs from this mark-

edly in many respects, especially in wing markings and in the size.

6. Climaciella habutsuella Okamoto.

Climaciella habutsuella, Okamoto, Zool. Anz., xxxvii, p. 300

(1911).

There are in the collection of the Agricultural College, Tokyo,

three specimens of this species from Tanegashima and Yakushima. A

specimen in my possession, which was given me by my friend Mr.

Kimura, was captured in a small village named Hayano in the Pro-

vince of Kazusa.

Okamoto stated that the prothorax of the species is deep black,

but I have found a Tanegashima specimen which had the prothorax

not black but brownish.

This species probably appears in the month of June.

7, Climaciella 4-tuberculata (Westwood).

Mantispa 4 tuberculata, Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., n.s.,

i, 264, pl. xviii, fig. 1(1852); Walker, Cat. Neuropt. Brit.

Mus., pt. ii, p. 225 (1853); Needham, Rec. Ind. Mus., iii, pt.

ill, p, 195 (1909).

Climaciella 4-tuberculata Enderlein, Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 361

(1910); Okamoto, Zool. Anz., xxxvii, pp. 298-99 (1911).

Of this species, only a single female specimen has been received

by me from Horisha, Formosa, although it is probably the most com-

mon mantispid in that island.

The specimen on hand closely agrees with Westwood's description

of Mantispa 4-tuberculata except in the apices of the wings being more

strongly suffused with fulvous brown than in the 4-Zuberculata described

and figured by him.

Typical 4-/uberculata should be common in the western Hima-

layas, in Assam and in the northern parts of India.

MANTISPIDAE OF JAPAN. 235

8. Climaciella Miyakei Okamoto.

Mantispa 4-tuberculata, Westwood, Miyake, Journ. Coll. Agr.

Tokyo, i; ps 218, pl xi, digs-. 1,014, 1b, { (1970).

Climaciella Miyakei, Okamoto, Zool. Anz. xxxvii, p. 299 (1911).

Rather rare and only occasionally found in the western parts of

Hondo (the main island of Japan). I have received three specimens from

the Province of Harima.

Prothorax is commonly brown, but sometimes deep black as in

habutsuella. It is a noteworthy fact that this color variation occurs

in Climaciella.

Wings are colored fuscous yellow at base and anterior margin,

though often very faintly. The apical cloud is always fulvous

brown.

This elegant species appears in the months of August and Sep-

tember.

9. Climaciella magna (Miyake.)

Mantispa magna, Miyake, Journ. Coll. Agr. Tokyo, ii, pp. 214-

16, pl. xii, figs. 3 & 3a-c, £ (1910).

Climaciella magna, Okamoto, Zool. Anz., xxxvii, p. 294 (1911).

This magnificient species takes an unique position in the genus on

account of the exceedingly large size of body, and also of the fact

that the anterior portion of prothorax, which in all other species is

stoutly developed in relation with the raptorial fore-legs, is here but

slightly dilated. Another peculiarity of the species consists in the

presence of a whitish tubercle on the basal joint of antennae. This

tubercle has not been mentioned by Miyake in his description.

If the characterizations referred to warrant generic separation of

the species from Climaciella, may be doubted.

So far as I know, this species is peculiar to Kiushiu.

I think the fact that adult specimens have been obtained in

236 W. NAKAHARA:

April as well as in October, points to the species’ passing the winter

in the state of imago.

Genus Euclimacia Enderlein.

Enderlein, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 362, fig. 3 (1610).

10. Æuclimacia badia Okamoto.

Euclimacia badia, Okamoto, Zool. Anz., xxxvii, p. 301 (1911).

This species was discovered in Formosa. No specimen before me.

Il. ÆEuclimacia vespiformis Okamoto.

Euclimacia vespiformis, Okamoto, Zool. Anz., xxxvii, p. 300 (1911).

This seems to be a species closely allied to Zuclimacia partita

Enderlein (Stett. Ent. Zeit., pp. 366-67, 1910).

No specimen has come under my observation.

Finally I append a table showing the geographical distribution of

the mantispid species listed above. The localities outside of Japan,

Formosa and Korea I have taken from Enderlein, Needham and

Navas.

MANTISPIDAE OF JAPAN. 237

= - ER E I ne

° 5 Ri

Le où - =

= © 8 =

is = 3 2 3; 3

TA n — ie} nH E 7

nt 5 5 a, Fa u

ze — © a re) D va E

ASS ee ea

Cee EA

aa A EIS | & lw =

I. Eumantispa Harmandi| *

2. E. Nawae. + |

3. Mantispa japonica. Xe ies hee

4. M. formosana. 2 ee

5. Climaciella subfusca. *

6. C. habutsuella. | aS

7. C. 4-tuberculata. * ilies

8. C. Miyakei. *

g. C. magna.

10. Euclimacia badia. *

11. E. vespiformis. si We

In conclusion, I beg to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. T.

Miyake of the Agricultural College, Tokyo Imperial University, for

many kind advice and help rendered me during the study.

A New Fresh-water Nemertine from Japan

(Stichosiemma .grandis).

Dr. Twaji Ikeda.

With Plate IV.

On March 29th, 1909, in the Botanic Garden of the Hiroshima

Normal School, I have casually discovered a small worm of a leech-

like appearance, living in the soft water-covered mud in a vessel

which was planted with the aquatic plant Lis¢chiton kamtschatense

Schott. When first dug out, it was found entirely contracted within

its own mucous secreta, but a little later it cast off the latter and

began to creep about, meanwhile unmistakably revealing itself to

be a nemertine. Subsequent searches enabled me to obtain about

sixty specimens out of the same vessel. The discovery seemed to be

of much interest, for, to my knowledge, there previously existed no

record of the occurrence of a fresh-water nemertine in Japan, a belief

which is shared also by Mr. Takakura of Tokyo, who has long been

engaged in the study of Japanese nemertines. Moreover, from subse-

quent study, it turned out that the nemertine represented a hitherto

undescribed species of Stichost mma. I propose to call it S. grandis.

The worms, which were kept in captivity, began to spawn on April

roth, and continued to do so till the end of June, when I had to

leave Hiroshima. Then, all the material on hand—both the adults

and the eggs—were preserved and placed in storage for future

investigation.

Later, in the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Cam-

bridge, England, I was able to take up the study of the above

material, As the result, I have found some new points of interest in

240 I. IKEDA:

the anatomy and histology to be added to the excellent contributions

previously made by Montgomery and Böhmig to the knowledge of

Stichostemma species. As regards the embryology, the limited supply

of the material necessarily made my observations very fragmentary,

The shortage was especially felt in dealing with the question of cell

lineage, a complete study of which seemed to promise very desirable

results of high importance. I will now briefly describe the new species

with respect to its external and internal organization, and then give

what observations I could make regarding its life-habits and the

segmentation of the eggs.

Stichostemma grandis n. sp.

External characters.

The worms (fig. 1, Plate IV), when freed from the mucous coat

and fully stretched, measure 25-35 mm. in length and 1 wm. in

breadth. The head end is rounded and somewhat broader than the

tail end. The eyes in the adults always number six, forming three

pairs. As in other species of Stichostemma, the anterior pair are the

largest and the posterior pair the smallest, and the distance between

the first and second pairs is slightly longer than that between the

second and third. The relative position of the three pairs of eyes

may well be understood from fig. 2, which represents the anterior end

of a young and rather transparent individual 4 mm. long. .In such a

young individual all the organs lying on the surface of head are fairly

distinctly visible in surface view. Thus, the paired cephalic grooves

(c. v.), which appear like two comparatively deep and strongly ciliat-

ed pits, are seen situated close but ventrally to the lateral margin

and just in front of the second pair of eyes. The rhyncho-stomodæal

opening (7. s.) may also be distinctly seen as a small despression

situated slightly ventral to the tip of head. Besides these, there are

always to be recognized, though indistinctly in the adult, two conspi-

A NEW FRESH-WATER NEMERTINE. 241

cuous marginal constrictions (#.c.) lying a short way behind the

dorsal ganglia (4. g.) and reaching to some extent the dorsal side of body.

The adult (fig. 1) always shows a bright yellowish red colour

which becomes gradually fainter towards both extremities of the body.

For a comparatively long period after hatching, the young are

simply milky white; as in Stichostemma gracense when grown to

a length of 2-3 mm., they acquire a light rosy-red colour. In later

stages of growth, the red colour becomes gradually deeper, and at

the same time there occurs a new deposition of a dark-green pigment

in the form of finely granular spots. These spots increase in number,

becoming more and more closely distributed, until the worm attains a

length of about 10 7m. Thenceforth, while the red continues to

deepen, the green pigments become on the contrary fainter and fainter,

finaliy to disappear altogether when the animal is about 15 727%.

long. In sexually mature individuals there are two longitudinal series,

one on cach side, of small roundish markings of an ochre-yellow

colour (indicated in fig. 1). They are due simply to the presence

of mature gonads, each containing several eggs of a yellowish colour.

Even in the fresh state, the proboscis can be detected through

the skin as a narrow opaque streak running posteriorly for about

three-fifths of the body-length (sce fig. 1). Of course, this apparent

length docs not cover the actual extent of the whole organ, since

the rhynchocoel, when traced by means of sections, are found to

extend as far back as the beginning of the posterior one-third of the

body.

The entire surface of the worm is uniformly ciliated. Sensory

spines, such as occur in S#chostemma gracense,” are not present.

Internal characters.

The stomodæum and the rhynchodæum are united into a common

1) Böhmig, L., Beiträge zur Anatomie und Histologie der Nemertinen (.St. gracense

Böhmig, Geonemertes chalicophora Graff), Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., Bd. 64, 1898.

242 I. IKEDA:

spacious cavity, the stomo-rhynchodæum, which opens to the exterior

at a position slightly ventral to the extreme tip of head. The true

mouth leads posteriorly into the cesophagus, which is followed by the

stomach, the pyloricus, and the intestine successively. From the

dorso-lateral corners of the pyloricus there arise two long anteriorly

directed ceca (cc. fig. 3), which reach up to the brain (dg. and

vg.). These cæca seem to be structurally identical with the intesti-

nal cæca, which occur along the entire length of the intestine and

number about 90 on each side.

As before indicated, the rhynchocael may correspond in its range

approximately to two-thirds of the body-length. This is the case with

the adult. But in the younger specimens, say in those just hatched,

the cavity is relatively much longer, occupying about nine-tenths of

the body-length. As the growth advances, the rhynchoccel also grows

in length, but somewhat more slowly than the entire body; so that,

at a stage when the latter has attained a length of 107m., the

former is about four-fifths as long, and finally in full-grown individuals

its length is equal to about two-thirds of the body-length.

As to the morphology of the proboscis-stylets (chief and accessory)

and of the stylet-sac, the present species more nearly agrees with the

description given by Bohmig from Stichostemma gracense than that

by Montgomery from St. eülhardi.” One point worth mentioning is

the fact that, so far as my observations go, the number of accessory

stylets in each sac or “acanthocyst” is 3.

One peculiarity of the present species consists in the fact that

the proboscis-nerves are not definitely fixed in number, being either 9

or 10 accordingjto individuals. I have not examined enough speci-

mens to be able to decide which of the numbers is the predominant.

Nevertheless, it may safely be stated that this variation in number is

not due to secondary separation or coalescence of the nerves.

1) Montgomery, T.II., Stichostemma Eilhardi nov. gen, nov. sp. Zeilochr. f. Wiss.

Zool., Bd. 59, 1895. :

A NEW FRESH-WATER NEMERTINE. 243

As to histological characters of the frontal and cephalic organs,

I have found nothing peculiar to the present species. The same may

be said of the central nervous system and also of the number and

distribution of the cephalic nerves. Only there exists a not un-

important point of deviation from Böhmig’s description for Sf gracense,

with respect to the origin of that cephalic nerve which distributes it-

self to the cephalic organ. According to him, the nerve in question

originates from the frontal surface of the dorsal ganglion. This is

decidedly not the case in the present species; here, that nerve arises

from about the middle of the posterior surface of the said ganglion and

turns round the outer ventral side of it to join the bottom of the

cephalic organ.

As was pointed out by Böhmig in Sf. gracense, the lateral nerve-

stems contain very fine muscle-fibres imbedded in the substance of the

nervous tissue. In contrast to the muscle-fibres being in that species

variable in number, they are in the present species so definite in number

and position that there are constantly 2 of them to be found in every

part of the stem, always lying in the inner dorsal part of the fibrous

layer. I have not been able to trace, as Böhmig did, these muscle-

fibres passing out of the brain to the proboscis-musculature. It seems

to me probable that they do not do so at all but end in the brain.

One word with reference to the vascular system. This in the

present species may be said to agree well with that of SA gracense.

Accordingly, I have found the very same junction between the dorsal

and the right lateral vessels as that which was described and figured

by Bohmig from Sf. gracense. The junction occurs just behind the

dorsal commissure of the brain.

As to the distributional range of the excretory organs, the present

species agrees with the others already known. In fact, they are

present nearly throughout the whole Icngth of body, extending from

in front of the brain to the posterior body-cnd. I have not yet

examined a sufficient number of specimens to be able to give the

244 I. IKEDA:

exact number of external openings of the excretory system. It may

however be stated that there exist more than one—very probably

three or four—openings on each side.

The number of mature hermaphroditic gonads varies remarkably

with the different size of mature worms. As ascertained by rear-

ing up the embryos hatched from eggs, the worms enter early into

scxual maturity, even before completely acquiring the characteristic ap-

pearance of full-grown individuals. About two months after cgg-

deposition, I found a number of small individuals which had developed

from the eggs, measuring scarcely over 10mm. in length, but

already possessing about twenty pairs of fully developed gonads, All

these small worms were of a dark green colour, instead. of being deep

yellowish red as in real adults. That they were precociously mature

individuals, is evident from the following facts (see figs. 4 and 5): the

parenchymatous tissue (~.¢.) is on the whole far less developed, the

nephridial canals (xeph.) are less numerously branched, and the wall

of alimentary tube (#24. and oes.) less complicated in structure, than

in really full-grown individuals. Examining a complete series of sec-

tions of one such form, I have found about cighty pairs of gonads, of

which about twenty pairs may be said to have been mature and the

rest still immature. The mature gonads (see fig. 4) were in general

much smaller than those found in full-grown individuals, each of them

containing mostly only one and rarely two ripe eggs (e. in fig. 4).

In full-grown worms of yellowish red colour, there exist about

cighty pairs or more of ripe gonads, each containing three or four

egg-cells. These gonads, as also the precociously mature ones, are of

essentially the same structure as those described by previous observers

from St. eilhardi and St. gracense. This is also the case with the

immature gonads. Only I should emphasize one point with reference

to the hermaphroditism. After examining a fair number of the speci-

mens preserved during the breeding season, I have arrived at the

conclusion that in the present species both sorts of sex-cells come

A NEW FRESH-WATER. NEMERTINE. 245

to maturity almost simultaneously. S> long as the egg-cells remain

in the earlier stages of growth and are still attached to the gonad-

wall, no spermatid or spermatozoon is yet formed and the male ele-

ments are represented by a few small masses of spermatogonia or

spermatocytes, nearly all of which show division-figures. Of course

these cell-masses still lie in the epithelium, mostly in close vicinity

of the funnel-shaped mouth of the genital duct. In the eggs, the

later phases, during which they reach maximum size and are brought

to complete maturity ready for deposition, are indicated: first, by

their liberation from the gonad-wall; secondly, by rearrangement of

nucleoli from a localized disposition with tendency to accumulate at

the ventralmost corner of the germinal vesicle, into a regular periphe-

ral destribution ; thirdly, by the development of the two egg-membranes.

Nearly simultaneously with, or a little prior to, the processes

mentioned above, the spermatids make their first appearance, subse-

quently to undergo metamorphosis. This metamorphosis takes place

in some parts of a gonad a little earlier than the liberation of the

eggs, so that in many gonads there are to be seen fully formed free

spermatozoa in accompany with eggs which have not yet reached the

final maturation-stage. Nevertheless, the interval between the maturing

of the male and female elements is never so long as to cause protand-

ric hermaphroditism like that of Sf. e/hardt.

So much for the more important characters of the present species

as seen from the systematic point of view. A brief discussion will now

follow regarding its systematic relations to the allied forms known.

It will not be necessary to enter into a historical or critical

review of fresh-water nemertines, as this has already been thoroughly

done by Silliman” and more recently by Montgomery (1895) and

Bòhmig (1898). Setting aside for the present the question of the

validity or non-validity of the several species that have hitherto been

1) Silliman, W.A., Beobachtungen über Süsswasserturbellarien Nord-Amerikas. Zeit-

schr. f. Wiss. Zool., Bd. 41, 1885,

246 I. IKEDA:

described by the authors, we will here consider the more important

question whether all the known fresh-water nemertines should proper-

ly be regarded, as Bürger” does, to constitute the single genus

Tetrastemma, or, as Montgomery and Böhmig believe, to belong to

two genera Zé/rastemma and Stichostemma.

The genus Stichostemma was first established by Montgomery in

1895, when he described a new fresh-water nemertine from Berlin

(Stichostemma eilhardi). A year later, the same writer? described

another new species (Sf. asensoriatum), belonging to the same genus.

In 1898 Böhmig redescribed his former TZetrastemma gracense as the

third species of Stichostemma (St. gracense). The grounds for erecting

that new genus were given by Montgomery” in 1897, and the distinc-

tion he makes between Zétrastemma and Stichostemma, which two genera

cover all the known fresh-water nemertines, will be clear from a compari-

son of the diagnoses given by him toeach. For Stichostemma he gives:

“ Eyes variable in number, usually more than 4; 9 nerves in the

proboscis ; rhynchocæl does not extend to the posterior end of the

body ; nephridia extending from in front of the brain to the posterior

end of the body ; protandric, hermaphroditic, oviparous.”

And for Zetrastemma:

“Eyes not variable in number, either 4 single eyes (the rule), or

4 double eyes (7: falsum, cructatum); 10 nerves in the proboscis ;

rhynchocal extends to the posterior end of the body; nephridia not

extending posteriorly behind the cesophagus, dicecious, oviparous.”

Despite Biirger’s disapproval (1895 and 1904) of establishing the

the new genus Sfichostemma, Böhmig adopted Montgomery's view in

consideration of important differences between the two genera in

1) Birger, O,, Die Nemertinen des Golfes von Neapel #/c F. u. FI. d. Golfes von

Neapel, 1895. And also in “Das Thierreich,” 1994.

2) Montgomery, T.II., Stichostemma asensoriatum n. sp., a Fresh-water Nemertean of

Pennsylvania. Zool. Anzeig., Bd. 19, 1895.

3) Montgomery, T.IT., On the Connective tissues and Body-Cavities of the Nemerteans,

with Notes on Classification. Zool. Jahrb., Abth. f. Anat. e/c., Bd. 10, 1897.

A NEW FRESH-WATER NEMERTINE. 247

question with regard to their excretory organ, their rhynchocoel, and

very probably, to their rhyncho-stomodæum and hermaphroditism as

well. However, upon finding some incongruous points in Montgomery’s

definition of Schostemma when applied to the two species, Sf. asen-

soriatum and gracense, Bohmig (1898) has revised the generic dia-

gnosis as follows:

“ Augenzahl veränderlich, gewöhnlich mehr als 4;9 oder 10

Rüsselnerven ; das Rhynchocoelom erstreckt sich nicht bis an das

Körperende ; die Nephridien dehnen sich von der Gegend des Gehirns

bis zur hinteren Körperspitze ; zwitterig, ovipar.”

I take this definition of Stichostemma to be excellently drawn

up, sharply differentiating, as it does, that genus from the other. No

emendation to it is made necessary by the discovery of the new

species described in this paper.

On the following page is given a tabular list of the more important

characters of the three hitherto known species and of the present new

species of Stichostemma.

A glance at that table will show that the present species is

more closely related to Sf. ec/hardi than to any other of the species,

and that Sr. asensoriatum takes an isolated position in that it lacks

the frontal organ and is provided with an indefinite number of eyes.

The relation between the present species and Sf. gracense, in spite

of several points of agreement in internal anatomy, seems to be

comparatively remote, since the two species differ markedly from each

other in size and colour of body, in the presence or absence of senso-

ry spines, in the extent of cephalic glands, etc. With respect to the

last-named organ, the present species bears a singular resemblance to

the otherwise remotely allied member, Sf asensoriatum. It is also a

noticeable fact that the present species shows, as regards the number

of proboscis-nerves, an intermediate or transitional relation to the

three other species. As already stated in the foregoing description,

the said nerves number g or 10 in the present species, the variation

IKEDA :

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being apparently entirely idiosyncratic. It is, of course, a well known

fact that the number of proboscis-nerves is in many other groups of

nemertines variable to some extent even in one and the same species ;

consequently, it cannot be much utilized for systematic purp se.

This seems however not to apply to the three hitherto known species

of Stichostemma, in which the number is definitely known to be either

g or 10. This fact has induced me to regard the indefiniteness in

the number of proboscis-nerves in the present species as one point of

its specific peculiarities.

Lastly, the remarkably large size of the present species deserves

special mention, as this seems to be correlated with several important

characters of the species, for instance, with the unusually large

number of mature gonads, with the comparatively short extent of the

rhynchoccel, efc. From what I have described in a previous para-

graph, it will readily be seen that the characteristic points just referred

to undergo more or less remarkable changes, according to certain stages

of growth, even after the animals have actually entered into sexual

maturity. While the maturing gonads increase in number as the

animals grow larger, the cephalic glands and the rhydchocoel tend to

become reduced in their relative range of extent. So that, if the

worms in widely different stages of growth be obtained from different

localities, it would be more or less puzzling to determine whether or

not they should be brought under the same species. It is interesting

to notice that the four species, if arranged in the order cf their body-

lengths, as they are in the foregoing table, seem to show between

them certain relations similar to those which I have pointed out in

the present species with reference to different stages of its individual

growth on the one hand, and the number of mature gonads and the

relative extent of cephalic glands on the other. If this idea be cor-

rect, an explanation suggests itself why the two such remotely related

species as S7. asensoriatum and the present species show the singular

agreement in having cephalic grands of a similarly low develop-

250 I. IKEDA:

ment. I think it highly probable that the relative extent of rhynchocoel

in the four specie; also varies inversely with the s'ze of each; that

is, it should be of the largest extent in the smallest form, and

vice versa. But this can not certainly be insisted upon without exact

measurements of the organ in all the known species.

The Life-habits.

As to the original habitat of the plant, Lysichiton kamtschatense,

I have made some inquiries, in view of the possibility that the

animals were transported together with the plant from somewhere to

the garden. But I could receive no satisfactory information, except

that the plant is a form indigenous in Hokkaido as well as in some

parts in the north of the Main Island or Honshù. Anyway, it seems

certain that this Japanese species of Siichostemma belongs to the

temperate-subarctic fauna as do also all the known species (S¢. ez/-

hardi from Berlin, Sé asensoriatum from Pennsylvania, and Sz.

gracense from Gratz).

As to the life-habit of the species in the plant-vessel, they were

always found buried 1-2 cm. deep in the very soft mud and almost

always in a contracted state within the mucous secreta,—never found

creeping on the bottom, nor swimming in the water. The worms

showed a fairly strong tendency to negative heliotropism, so that,

when kept in a small vessel, they crept about on the surface of mud

during night or early in the morning, but went underneath the mud

when bright sun-shine pervaded the room. They are more or

less gregarious, as often observed by me in the culture-vessels and in

the plant-vessel. Most of the specimens in hand were dug out from

among the plant-roots, where they were found crowded together.

The negative heliotropic habit of the worms seems to be directly

related with the nocturnal spawning. During nearly 70 days, from

the 19th of April to the end of June, I have observed twenty or more

cases of spawning but never in the day-time. Judging from the fact

A NEW FRESH-WATER NEMERTINE. 251

that freshly deposited eggs were found in mornings (6 to 8 a.) al-

ways in so early a stage of segmentation as consist of 2 or 4 cells,

it may be assumed that the deposition took place before dawn. I

should here mention that the eggs segment very slowly, some forty

to sixty minutes being required for one complete cell-division in early

cleavages.

Individuals of a large size lay 400 to 500 eggs in all. The eggs

are found sometimes scattered about without order on the bottom of

the vessel, and sometimes in a group, as described by Lebedinsky”

(1897) for Zétrastemma vermiculus, enclosed in a colourless and

transparent jelly-like string 4 to 5 cm. long and about 2 77. thick.

This gelatinous, substance, probably mucin in nature, gradually

grows more liquid-like with the lapse of time, and finally, within 48

hours, is thrown off by the developing embryos,

As far as my observations go, the mother worm perishes sooner

or later after spawning. Those individuals which have finished

spawning can easily be recognized by their loss of the peculiar

yellowish markings which were visible before on the dorsal side,

by their dirty brownish red colour, and by their showing un-

evenness of body-surface. In spite of my attempts to keep alive

such individuals by feeding they invariably broke up into

short pieces within one or two days finally to become

totally disintegrated. To my regret I could not ascertain if the

same or a similar fate befall the precociously mature worms after

spawning.

Lastly I may be allowed to make a few remarks regarding the

segmentation of the eggs. As the segmentation of nemertine eggs is

but meagrely known to us, I have endeavoured to study the process

with the material in hand and, if possible, to make out the origin of

mesoderm-cells. To my regret, shortage of material has compelled

1) Lebedinsky, J., Beobachtung über die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Nemertinen.

Archiv. f, Mikr. Anat., Bd., 49, 1897.

252 I. IKEDA:

me to give up my studies long before obtaining any hint towards

clucidating the question. The segmentation I have been able to

follow up only as far as the 64-cell stage, in which no directive cleavage

determining the future body-axes has as yet set in. As to the general

mode of segmentation, the present case belongs to the perfectly

spiral type which prevails in some other nemertines as well as in

polyclads, polychaetes, echiuroids and molluscs. The process pro-

ceeds to the 28-cell stage in much the same way as was described

by E.B. Wilson” for Cerebratulus lacteus and by Zeleny” for Cere-

bratulus marginatus, except in the fact that the first dexiotropic cleav-

ages giving rise to the 8-sell stage are equal instead of being

unequal. In the accompaning table is given the order of cell-division

up to the 64-cell stage, 4. and / being used to denote dexiotropic

and laeotropic divisions. The sign = denotes equal division; _L or T,

unequal division; and JL or TT, markedly unequal division of blasto-

meres giving rise to the upper or lower larger cells.

As in Arenicola cristata studied by Child,” the rosette cells (14,1 , ec.

in textfigs. I and II) are first formed at the 36-cell stage by remarkably

unequal lacotropic divisions of the cells 14,, ee, of the 32-cell stage

into Ia, and 1@,, efc. The 44-cell stage is reached by two simulta-

neous equal and laeotropic divisions of 14», etc. and 1a», etc. of the

first quartet into Ida, and Ia», Id, and Ia», etc. etc. (see text

figures I and II). After that, the 48-cell stage is brought about by

equal and lacotropic divisions of Ia,, e¢c., which correspond to the

intermediate cells of polychaete-eggs, into 14, and Id», etc. The

cells 14», e¢c. are situated each at the apex of the cross-figure formed

by the rosette cells (14,1 e/c.). A remarkably unequal cleavage is seen in

I) Wilson, E.B., Experiments on Cleavage and Localization in the Nemertine Egg.

Arch. f. Entw.-Mech., Bd. 16, 1903.

2) Zeleny, Ch., Experiments on the Localization of Developmental Factors in the

Nemertine Eggs. Journ. Exp. Zool,, Vol. 1, 1904.

3) Child, C.M., The Early Development of Avenicola and Sternaspts, Arch. f. Entw.-

Mech., Bd. 9, 1900.

A 22 I

Daze 3A

5 \

| 35 x 2bı2

Îb222

Text fig. 1—Side view of a cleaving egg at

the 56-cell stage. About 230 x.

253

ORDER OF EGG-CLEAVAGE UP TG 64-CELL STAGE,

STAGES :

8 16 24 28 32 36 44 48 56 69 64

: 5 3 2 Iani — Iaıı — Ian — laııı — Taıı— layı

> Ian — 141 — 1an-//TT

2 3 À Ian? — 14112 — 14112 — 14112 — Tay2— Tay1

: taedis i : 3 ; È

. e ‘ © 5 2 ta; — Ia; — lapj_ Ia]

Ian — 1412 — la — la — Iay-l{=

° n 3 È 14122 — 14122 — 1a122— Ta122

‘ta-lt L 2 : : : :

=: 5 = € Tan — Ile — Ia — lai lai]

. las — 147 — Ian — Imrlt= |

c ; e 14212 — 1422 — lag — Ia22— 1022

lay-dt=% È 5 a È 5 2

: : s ; Ia; — Iapı — Ian — Ia21— 1027)

1a22— las — Ian — Ia-l{[—=

| ® 5 è 1022, — 1022 — Ia22— 1a222— la»

Lt = . 2 > A . n .

5 : % 24j1 — 2a — 2011

: 2 RI a AIA

S R . . . . 2012 — 2412 — 2012

5 2a — 2a — 2a-dt= È 3 5

E 2 8 = x i 2an — 2 — 242

5 © : ë 242 — 242 —- 2a, — 2a2 “| “A 202) me

IA-AT È x © . . a 2a22 — 2a» — 2a22

à . . . . . . a

: Sipe EOC) oat SCR — an Be) ag — su 1?

2A — 2A-dt= : ö È 5 3 : : 302

È ì a — la

GAS DIGA E È x

4A — 4A

fam 1b mu

laızz Zar

12012

À Uf

tana lazzi, ! 2022

lazzz 2a2ı

la212-

la2ı- N 1Qrzi

Text fig. I1—Another egg at the same stage,

viewed from the lower pole. Divisions

of the second quartet “completed.

About 160 x.

254 I. IKEDA:

the divisions of 2a,, etc. into 2a, and 24», etc., which lead the egg

into the 52-cell stage. As this cleavage goes on quite similarly,

—e.i. laeotropically—in the four quadrants, there appears no trace

of asymmetry to determine the subsequent bilateral symmetry. ne

stage consisting of 52 cells is rather transient, since the cells 24,

etc. very soon follow, the above cleavage to divide slightly unequally

into 24, and 24», etc.

The formation of the fourth quartet (4a, etc.) takes place at the

56-cell stage, while the first division in the third quartet (34, efe. into

3a, and 3a,, etc.) occurs at the 60-cell stage, thus giving rise to the

64-cell stage. These cleavages are likewise effected by equal and

laeotropic division, and accordingly do not give any determination

to the future bilateral symmetry. I have observed some eggs consist-

ing of 72 cells. They have probably arisen from the 64-cell stage

by dexiotropic division of such cells in the first quartet as Ia,

etc. (the rosette) and 1a,» e/c.—the latter corresponding to the stem-

cells of the “cross” in polychaete eggs—into 14,1 and 14,» etc,

1a; and 14» efc. But I cannot be certain on this point, since I have

not actually detected any division-figures causing the supposed cleavages.

To recapitulate, the segmentation-process belongs, as in the case

of Cerebratulus lacteus observed by Wilson, to a very regular spiral

type and shows in its earlier phases no directive cleavage determin-

ing the axes of embryo and the origin of mesoderm. As was

pointed out by Wilson in his case, the cross formation takes place in the

present case also at least not earlier than in the 72-cell stage. Though

I cannot make any definite statement about the origin of the mesoderm,

yet it seems almost certain to me that Lebedinsky’s view of the origin

of mesodermal bands from four mother-cells does not hold good in the

present case. Here, the mesodermal bands are present in a pair as

was observed by Wilson also, and are produced by two large cells

which lie symmetrically one on each side of, and near the postero-

lateral lip of, the gastral invagination.

A NEW FRESH-WATER NEMERTINE. 255

In conclusion, I beg to express my sincere thanks to Professor

Punnett, Professor of Biology in the University of Cambridge, to whom

I owe many kind advices during the execution of this work.

Zoological Laboratory,

University of Cambridge.

May, 1911.

256

Fig.

Explanation of Plate IV.

I. Stichostemma grandis n. sp. A large individual, sketched

from life, magnified 2 diameters. For the sake of facilitating re-

production, alterations were made in the original coloured draw-

ing in representing red by black and yellow by white.

. 2 Head region of a young animal about 4 mm. long. Greatly

enlarged. c.g., cephalic groove; 4. g., dorsal ganglion; wm. c.,

marginal constrictions behind the brain; 7.s., rhycho-stomodaeal

opening.

. 3. Anterior parts of a frontal section of head. c.c., pyloric

ceca; c.g., cephalic groove; c.», cephalic nephridia; 22.,

proboscis (partly protruded); v. g., ventral ganglion. Magnified

about 90 diameters.

4. Cross-section through the middle region of a small but al-

ready mature individual about 10 mm. long. d.v., dorsal vessel ; e.,

eggs in the gonads; eg. d., genital duct ; z##., intestine ; 244. c., intesti-

nal czca; /.n., lateral nerve; 4 v., lateral vessel; sp., spermato-

zoa in the gonads. Magnified about 90 diameters.

5. Cross-section through head of the same individual, passing

through the front end of brain. 3e., third left eye-spot; @s.,

cesophagus ; #b., proboscis in rhynchocoel. Magnified about go

diameters.

On a New Species of Chloromyxum from

the Gall-bladder of the Carp.

T. Fujita

Tohoku Imp. University, Sapporo,

In view of the fact that Myxosporidian parasite has never yet been

reported from the gall-bladder of the common carp, I deem it worth

while to give the following account of an apparently new Chloromyxum

species, which I have discovered in the said organ of that fish. The

species I propose to call C. oz, from the Japanese name of the host.

During May, 1912. there came under my observation that, of the

numerous carps obtained in Sapporo, Hokkaido, and examined by me,

many were peculiarly pathologically affected. These showed gall-

bladder of an unusually reddish colouration, due to the contents being

of that colour; moreover, it was generally found to be much dis-

tended, while the wall was changed into so delicate a texture that

it easily burst on application of a slight pressure. The peritoneal

membrane in the neighbourhood of the organ so aflected frequently

presented a somewhat greenish yellow hue, evidently as the result

of exudation of the bile. In certain cases a similar colouration was

also observable in the external skin of the dorsal body-parts and

sometimes even in the iris of the eyes. Now examining the gall-badder

of the fish presenting more or less the above icteric symptom, I have

always been able to discover peculiar Myxosporidian sporoblasts and

spores floating in the contents. I have found that nearly 10% of the

carps that were brought to me were infested by the parasite. The

characters of the spores indicate that we have here to do with a

258 T. FUJITA.

Chloromyxum, which however differs in structural details from any

hitherto known species of that genus.

The sporoblasts in question are

colourless, transparent, and of an

approximately spherical shape, up

to 50 in greatest diametre (see the

accompanying figure). They contain

I—3 spores, each situated in a clear

space surrounded by a membran-

ous envelope, around which there is

some finely granular matter. The

spores, found either in the sporo-

A <poroblast (GF Cuaron paneer blasts or free in the fluid contents

taining three spores. Greatly magnified.

of the gall-bladder, are nearly

spherical but not quite, exhibiting, as they do, a somewhat angular

contour at the anterior pole. So that, the antero-posterior diametre is

always a little prolonged over the transverse. The two diametres in

most cases measure 16 2 and 10y respectively. The shell of the

spore is rather thick and is characterized by showing a number of

peculiarly arranged, low and narrow but well marked ridges on the

external surface. There exist in the first place, four or five circular

ridges which completely encircle the spore: they run nearly parallel

with one another and together occupy a broad zone that pass over

the anterior and posterior poles. In the next place, there are, in each

of the two lateral areas on both sides of the median circular zone

just indicated, four more ridges running meridionally and which, if

prolonged at their either end, would strike the first mentioned circular

ridges at some angles. As a matter of fact, however the four lateral

ridges form two pairs lying side by side, in each of which the two

ridges are joined together at both their ends and thus form a loop at

each end before reaching the median zone. So that, when a spore is

viewed from the side of its either pole, there are to be seen in the

NEw CHLOROMYXUM FROM CARP. 259

middle parts four or five ridges running across in nearly parallel lines

and on both sides of these two more ridges each bent in a loop-like

manner. In equatorial optical section, the spore presents an outline

very much like that of a toothed wheel with nearly equidistant teeth,

i.e. the ridges in optical section, either sixteen or eighteen in number.

Each spore contains four polar capsules as in all other members

of Chloromyxum. They are situated in the slightly pointed anterior

pole. Two of them are somewhat larger than the rest, attaining a

diametre of about 4y. By application of a stimulating reagent, the

capsules can be easily made to throw out the filament. This may be

64 ps long.

To my knowledge, there have hitherto been known in all ten

species of Chloromyxum. Of all these, C. cristatum Léger (from the

gall-bladder of Tinca vulgaris) seems to be most nearly related to

the present species, inasmuch as it possesses a number of similar

meridionally disposed ridges on the exterior of spores. But these

ridges differ markedly in their number and mode of arrangement

from the same of C. koi. Moreover, both the sporoblasts and spores

of the latter seem to be considerably larger, the spores of C. cristatum

being known to be not more than 10—11 mm. in longest diametre.

‘ ae

vili pice wey, AI

io a afte

TA Li AR DR

hig Mbit 1 Bot ai

hay rs SA: À Fo

ra i hi pe K at

A Hand-List of Japanese and Formosan

Mammals.

B. Aoki, Rigakushi.

The following list was compiled in connection with my study of

the mammalian fauna of Japan. In spite of the incompleteness in

several respects, of which I am fully aware, it is now published, on

suggestion of Professor Ijima, with the view of giving a guide to the

collectors and students of mammals of this part of the world.

It should here be mentioned that the list is in reference principal-

ly with the mammals thus far recorded from the islands of Japan

proper and from Formosa. Saghalien was included within the range

of dealing; however, since Nikolsky’s important paper (43) on the

fauna of that island stood inaccessible to me, it is possible that

omissions may have occurred with regard to the mammals of the

said island. As to the arrangement of orders and families, I have

chiefly followed Max Weber (70), and to a certain extent G. S.

Miller (39) and Flower and Lydekker (23).

Important literature bearing on the mammals of Japan and

of Formosa:

I. ALLEN, J. A. History of North American pinnipeds. A mo-

nograph of the walruses, sea-lions, sea-bears. 1880.

2. ALLEN, J. A. A review of some of the North American ground

squirrels of genus Zamzas. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat., Hist.,

iii, P. 45. 1891.

3. ALLEN, J. A. A review of some of the North American ground

squirrels of genus Zamias. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

if, p. 116. 1891.

262

12.

13.

TAY

153

16.

17:

B. AOKI:

. ALLEN, J. A. Mammals from island of Hainan, China. Bull.

Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxii, pp. 463—490. 1906.

. ANDERSEN, K. A list of the species and subspecies of the genus

Rhinolophus, with some notes on their geographical distribu-

tion. Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xvi, pp. 648—662. 1905.

. ANDERSEN, K. On some bats of the genus Rhinolophus, with

remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of 26

new dorms: B.Z.S,1,p.75. 1005.

. ANDERSON, J. Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum.

. ANDERSON, M. P. Description of a new Japanese vole. Ann.

Mag. N. H., (8), iv, p. 317. 1909.

. ANDREWS, C. Porpoise from Japan. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.

Hist, Xxx, pP. 3. ‚101m

. BANGS, O. Notes on a small collection of mammals from the

Liukiù Islands. Amer. Nat., xxxv, pp. 561—562. 1901.

BARRETT-HAMILTON, G. E. H. Exhibition of skins of the

variable hare (Lepus timidus Linn.) showing colour-

variations, and descriptions of subspecies and varieties of

this Species. PLZ. 5..087..1000:

BARRETT-HAMILTON, G. E. H. Further note on the harvest-

mouse (Mus minutus Pall.) and geographical variations.

Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), v, pp. 527—530. 1900.

BEDDARD, F. E. A book of whales. 1900.

BEDDARD, F. E. Mammalia. Cambridge Natural History.

1902.

BLANFORD, W. T. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon

and Burma (Mammalia). 1888—g1.

BONHOTE, J. L. On squirrels of the Sciurus macclellandi group.

Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), v, p. 50. 1900.

BONHOTE, J. L. On the squirrels of the Sciurus erythreus

group. Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), vii, p. 160. 1901.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

26.

27:

28.

20.

30.

ai.

32.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 263

BONHOTE, J. L. On the martens of the Mustela flavigula

group. Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), vii, p. 342. 1901.

BONHOTE, J. L. On some mammals obtained by the Hon. N.

C. Rothschild from Okinawa, Liükiu Islands. Novit. Zool.,

ix, no. 3, pp. 626—628. 1902.

DoBsoN, G. E. Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera and cata-

logue of the species of bats in the collection of the Indian

Museum, Calcutta. 1876.

DOBSON, G. E. Description of a new species of Sorex from

Saghalien Island. Ann. Mag. N. H., (6), v, p. 155. 1890.

DOEDERLEIN, L. Ueber einige Japanische Säugethiere. Mit-

theil. d. deutsch. Ges. f. Nat. u. Völkerk. Ost-Asiens, iii,

Heft, 25, pp. 210—211. 1882.

FLOWER and LYDEKKER. An introduction to the study of

mammals living and extinct. 1891.

GRAY, J. E. Leopardus japonensis sp. n. P.Z.S., p. 262. 1862.

GRAY, J. E. On Rusa japonica, a new species of rusa deer

from Japan. Ann. Mag. N. H., (3), vi, p. 218. 1860.

GRAY, J. E. Notice of a new leopard from Japan, and descrip-

tion of a new “ wild goat” (Capricornis swinhoit) from the

island of Formosa. Ann. Mag. N. H., (3), x, p. 320. 1862.

GRAY, J. E. Revision of the genera and species of Mustelidæ

contained in the British Museum. P. Z. S., p. 100, 1865.

GRAY, J. E. Notice of Zutronectes whiteleyi, an otter from

Japan. PS. Z,, P-ı180.' “1867.

GRAY, J. E. Notes on the skulls of the species of dogs,

wolves and foxes. P. Z. S., p. 492. 1868.

GRAY, J. E. Catalogue of Carnivora. British Museum. 1869.

GUNTHER, A. Notes on some Japanese Mammalia. P. Z. S.,

P- 440. 1880.

HOLLISTER, N. Five new mammals from Asia. Proc. Biol.

Soc. Wash, xxv, p. 181. ‘1012.

264.

33:

34.

35+

36.

37:

38.

39.

40.

AI.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

B. AOKI:

LINDE, A. A. C. A collection of bats from Formosa. Ann.

Mag. N. H., (8), ii, p. 235. 1908.

LYDEKKER, R. The Bonin Island sambur. Ann. Mag. N. H.,

(7) XV, PP. 391—392. 1905.

Lyon, M. W. Classification of the hares and their allies.

Smith. Misc. Coll., xlv, pp. 321—447. 1904.

MARTENS, E. VON. Preussische Expedition nach Ost. Asien.

Zoologische Abtheilung. i, pt. 1, pp. 75, 362. 1875.

MATSUBARA, S. On the wild boar from Liukiu. Zool. Mag.,

Tokyo, i, p. 93. 1889.

MATSUBARA, S. On Japanese dugong. Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i,

P,- 120. 1880.

MILLER, G. S. The families and genera of bats. Smith, Inst.

U.S. Nat. Mis: Bull 57-2007

MILNE - EDWARDS, A. Recherches mammifères. p. 285.

1874.

NAMIYE, M. Stories of Japanese bats. Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i

and ii. 1889—90.

. NAMIYE, M. On the small mammals of Amami-Oshima. Zool.

Mag., Tokyo, xxi, p. 452. 1909.

NIKOLSKY, A. M. Survey of Saghalien and its fauna, Verteb-

rate animals. St. Petersburg. 1889.

PETERS, W. Mittheilung ueber die von Dr. F. Hilgendorf in

Japan gesammelten Chiropteren. MB. Ak. Berlin, pp.

23—25. 1880,

REIN, J. J. Notizen über die Verbreitung einiger Säugethiere

auf Nippon. .Zool. Gart., Xvi, p. 55. 1875.

SASAKI, C. A new field-mouse in Japan. Bull. Coll. Agric.

Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vi, pp. 51—55. 1904.

SCHLEGEL, H. Ursus japonicus sp. n. Handl. Becefening

Dierk 1, P 2422071857.

SCHRENCK, L. Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande.

49.

50.

52.

53.

54.

55-

56.

57.

58.

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60.

Oni

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 265

i. Erste Lieferung. Einleitung, Säugethiere des Amur-

Landes. 1850.

SCLATER, W. L. Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Mu-

Scum. 11. «91801.

SIEBOLD, G, T. Spicilegia Fauna Japonica, in dissertatio hist,

nat. Japon. 1824.

STEJNEGER, L. The systematic name of the Japanese deer.

Science, xxii, p. 402—403. 1905.

STONE, W. Description of a new rabbit from the Liukiu Is-

lands and a new flying squirrel from Borneo. Proc. Acad,

Nat. Sc. Philad., p. 460. 1908.

SWINHOE, R. Ona new species of beach marten from Formosa.

Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), xviii, p. 286. 1866.

SWINHOE, R. Catalogue of the mammals of China (south of

River Yangtsze) and the Island of Formosa. P. Z.S., pp.

615—653. 1870.

TEMMINCK, C. J. Monographies de mammalogie. i (1827). ii

(1835-41).

TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL. Fauna Japonica. Mammalia, pp.

1—60, Pls. i—xxx. 1842 —45.

THOMAS, O. On the Myoxus elegans of Temminck. P. Z.S.,

p. 40. 1880.

THOMAS, O. On the Tsushima representative of the Japanese

sable, Ann. ‘Mag. NE (6) xix, pi 161. 1897.

THOMAS, O. On some Japanese mammals presented to the

British Museum by Mr. R. Gordon-Smith. Ann. Mag. N.

H., (7), xv, pp. 487-495. 1905.

THoMas, O. Exhibition of specimens of mammals and birds

from Japan and description of a new marten (Mustela

melampus bedfordi). P. Z. S., p. 182. 1905.

Tuomas, O. The Duke of Bedford’s zoological expedition in

eastern Asia,

266

62,

63.

64.

65.

66.

69.

70.

B. AOKI:

I: Japan. P. Z. S., pp. 331—363. 1905.

IV. Saghalien and Hokkaidö. P,Z.S., pp. 401-414.

1907.

VII. Tsushima. P. Z. S., pp. 47—54. 1908.

THOMAS, O. On a second species of Zenothrix from Litkit

Islands. Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xvii, pp. 88—80. 1906.

THOMAS, O. A new flying squirrel from Formosa, Ann, Mag.

N. Es 0), Rp 622 1007

THOMAS, O. The genera and subgenera of the Sczuropterus

group, with descriptions of three new species. Ann, Mag.

N. H., (8), i, pp. 1—8. 1908.

THOMAS, O, New Asiatic Apodemus, Evotomys, and Lepus,

Ann, Mag. N. H., (8), i, pp. 447—450. 1998.

THOMAS, O. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaus:

an attempt to fix the types of the genera and exact bases

and localities of the species. P. Z. S., pp. 129—158. 1911.

. THOMAS, O. Two new eastern bats, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8),

Vill, SP. 3795 NOT.

. THOMAS, O. Four new shrews. Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), xi,

pp. 241—218. 1913.

TRUE, F. W. Description of a new genus and species of mole

[Dymecodon pilirostris| from Japan. P, U. S. Nat. Mus.,

ix, pp. 97—98. 1886,

WEBER, M. Die Säugetiere. Einführung in die Anatomie und

Systematik der recenten und fossilen Mammalia. 1904.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 267

Ord. INSECTIVORA.

Sub-Ord. LIPOTYPHLA.

Fam. TALPIDZ.

Sub-Fam. Myogalina.

Gen. Urotrichus Temm.

Urotrichus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 22 (1842);

iihomas, P7353 1Ol2) Pe 131:

1. Urotrichus talpoides talpoides Temm.

Urotrichus talpoides, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 22

(1842); Giinther, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 440; Thomas, ibid., 1905, ii, p. 346;

ibid. 1908, p. 49:

Nom. JAP. Yama-mogura or Himizu-mogura.

Dist. Kiüshiü (Thomas).

2. Urotrichus talpoides adversus Thos.

Urotrichus talpoides adversus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 49.

DIST. Tsushima (Thomas).

8. Urotrichus talpoides centralis Thos.

Urotrichus talpoides centralis, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1908, p. 50.

Dist. Shikoku (Thomas).

4. Urotrichus talpoides hondonis Thos.

Urotrichus talpoides pilirostris, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 342.

Urotrichus talpoides hondonis, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 51.

Dist. Hondo (Thomas).

268 B. AOKI:

Gen. Dymecodon True.

Dymecodon, True, P. U. S, Nat. Mus., 1886, p. 97 ; Thomas, P. Z. S.,

1908, p. 51 (foot-note); ibid., 1912, p. 131.

5. Dymecodon pilirostris True.

Dymecodon pilirostris, True, P. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1886, p. 97;

Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 51 (foot-note).

Nom. JAP. Hime-yama-mogura or Hime-himizu-mogura.

Dist. N. Hondo (Thomas).

Sub-Fam. Talpinæ.

Gen. Mogera Pomel.

Mogera, Pomel, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. vivent. et foss. (1898-

1899).

6. Mogera insularis (Swinhoe).

Talpa insularis, Swinhoe, P. Z. S, 1862, (pi Go; bids 1870,

p. 620.

Nom. ANG. Formosan blind mole.

Dist. Formosa (Swinhoe).

7. Mogera wogura wogura (Temm.).

Talpa wogura, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 19 (1842).

Talpa mizura, Ginther, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 440.

Mogera wogura, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 341.

Nom. JAP. Mogura. NOM. ANG. Japanese mole.

Dist. Hondo (Thomas).

8. Mogera wogura kanai Thos.

Mogera wogura kanai, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 361; ibid.

1908, p. 49.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 269

Dist. Yaku-shima (Thomas).

9. Mogera wogura kobeæ Thos.

Mogera wogura kobee Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xv, p. 487,

(1905).

DIST. Shikoku, S. Hondo (Thomas).

Fam. SORICIDÆ.

Gen. Sorex Linn.

Sorex, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 53 (1758); Dobson, P. Z. S., 1890,

P. 49.

10. Sorex daphænodon Thos.

Sorex daphenodon, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1907, p. 407.

DIST. Saghalien (Thomas).

11. Sorex howkeri Thos.

Sorex howkeri, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 330.

Dist. Hondo (Thomas).

12. Sorex minutus gracillimus Thos.

2Sorex pygmaæus, Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 107 (1859).

Sorex minutus gracillimus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1907, p. 408.

Dist. Saghalien (Thomas), ?Amur region (Schrenck).

13. Sorex shinto shinto Thos.

Sorex shinto, Thomas, Abstr. P. Z. S., no. 23, p. 19 (1905); ibid.

REZ. 5. 1905 ii, Ps 337

Dist. Hondo (Thomas).

14. Sorex shinto sevus Thos.

270 B. AOKI:

Sorex shinto sevus, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1907, p. 408.

Dist. Hokkaido, Saghalien (Thomas); Kuril Islands?

15. Sorex unguiculatus Dobs.

Sorex vulgaris, Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 106 (1859).

Sorex unguiculatus, Dobson, Ann. Mag. N. H., (6), v, p. 115

(1890); Thomas, P. Z. S., 1907, p. 407.

Nom. JAP. Oashi-jinezumi. Nom. ANG. Large-footed shrew.

Dist. Hokkaido, Saghalien (Thomas); Kuril Islands.

16. Sorex sp.

Sorex sp., Swinhoe, P. 2. S., 1854, p. 382 » ibid. 1879, P1020:

Dist. Formosa (Swinhoe).

17. Sorex sp.

Sorex sp., Bonhote, Novit. Zool., ix, no. 3, p. 628 (1902).

Dist. Liükiü (Bonhote).

Gen. Soriculus Blyth.

Soriculus, Blyth, J. A. S. B..x xiv, p. 37 (1888).

18. Soriculus fumidus Thos.

Soriculus fumidus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), xi, p. 216

(1913).

Dist. Central Formosa: Mt. Arizan (Thomas).

Gen. Chodsigoa (Kastenko).

Chodsigoa, Kastenko, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sc. St. Petersburg, x,

1905, p. 251 (Subgen.).

19. Chodsigoa sodalis Thos.

Chodsigoa sodalis Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), xi, p. 217

(1913).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 271

Dist. Central Formosa: Mt. Arizan (Thomas).

Gen. Crocidura! Waglar.

Crocidura, Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 275; Dobson, P. Z.S., 1890,

p. 50; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 231 (1888—91).

20. Crocidura cærulea (Kerr).

Sorex ceruleus, Kerr, Anim. Kingd., p, 207 (1792).

Sorex pilorides, Shaw, Mus. Lever., ii, p. 31 (1796). (Nec Mus

pilorides Pallas).

Sorex cerulescens, Shaw, Gen. Zool., i, p. 538 (1800); Blyth, J.

SB, XIV ips) ibidaCat. p. 82; Jerdon, Mamm. p. 58.

Sorex indicus et capensis, Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus., xvii, pp. 183,

184 (1811).

Sorex sonneratit et giganteus, Geoffroy, Mém. du Mus., xv, pp.

132, 137 (1827).

Sorex myosurus, Gray, Hardwicker’s, Ill. Ind. Zool., i, pl. ix (nec

Pallas.)

Sorex tndicus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 25 (1844).

Sorex murinus, Hodgson, Ann. Mag. N. H., (1), xv, p. 269 (1845);

Kelaart, Prod., p. 30 (nec Linn.)

Crocidura (Pachyura) waldemarit, ceylanica et media, Peters, MB.

Nk Berl 1870, pp. 590; 597 et1592.

Crocidura (Pachyura) fulvo-cinerea et sindensis, Anderson, J. A.

SB. XIV DE 2, pp. 263, 266.

Crocidura cerulescens et beddomit, Anderson, Cat., pp. 171, 179.

Crocidura cærulea, Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind., Mamm., p. 236

(88891); Flower, E27..S,, 1900, pi 337.

Crocidura (Pachyura) cerulea, Bangs, Amer. Nat. xxxv, No. 415,

p. 561 (1901).

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Crocidura are as follows (Blanford) :—

Pachyura Selys-Longchamps, Feroculus Kelaart.

272 B. AOKI:

Nom. JAP. Jako-nezumi. Nom. ANG. Gray musk shrew.

Dist. India, Ceylon, Burma (Blanford) ; Japan: Liükiü (Bangs) ;

Kiüshiü (Temminck).

21. Crocidura corea Thos.

Crocidura core, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1906, ii, p. 860; ibid., 1907,

p. 462; ibid., 1908, pp. 51, 633.

Dist. Tsushima, Corea (Thomas).

22. Crocidura dsi-nezumi dsi-nezumi (Temm.).

Sorex dsi-nezumi, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 26

(1844).

Crocidura (Crocidura) dsi-nezumi, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 340.

Nom. JAP. Ji-nezumi.

Dist. Kiüshiü, Shikoku (Thomas).

23. Crocidura dsi-nezumi chisai Thos.

Crocidura dsi-nezumi chisai, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 340.

DIST. Hondo (Thomas).

24. ?Crocidura dsi-nezumi umbrina (Temm.).

Sorex umbrinus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 27 (1844).

?Crocidura dsi-nezumi umbrina, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 361.

Dist. Yaku-shima (Thomas).

25. Crocidura murina' (Linn.).

Sorex murinus, Linnaeus, S. N., (12), p. 74 (1766); Swinhoe, P. Z.

Ssh1870; D 620

1) Other synonyms of Crocidura murina axe as follows (Blanford) ;—

Sorex myosurus Pallas, 1785 ; Sorex serpentarius Geoffroy ; Sorex nemorivagus et soccatus

Hodgson, 1845; Sorex griffithii et niger Horsfeld; Sorex kandianus, montanus et ferrugineus

Kelaart; Sorex saturativr |Hodgson, 1855; Sorex heterodon Blyth; Sorex albinus Blyth ,

Sorex tytleri Jerdon; Crocidura (Pachyura) blythit, pealiana et blanfordii Anderson.

HAND-1IST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 273

Crocidura murina, Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind., Mamm., p. 233

(1888— 91); Flower, P. Z. S., 1900, 337.

Nom. ANG. Musk rat or Brown musk shrew.

Dist. India, Ceylon, Burma (Blanford) ; Formosa (Swinhoe).

Gen. Chimarrogale Anderson.

Chimarrogale, Anderson, J. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 262 (1877); Dobson,

ibid., 1890, p. 50; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind., Mamm., p. 245 (1888—

91).

26. Chimarrogale platycephala (Temm.).

Sorex platycephala, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 23

(1842).

Chimarrogale platycephala, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 340.

Nom. JAP. Kawa-nezumi.

Dist. S. E. Hondo (Thomas); Kiüshiü (Temminck).

Fam. ERINACEIDZ.

Gen. Erinaceus Linn.

Erinaceus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 75 (1758); Blanford, Fauna

Brit. Ind., Mamm., p. 213 (1888 - 91).

27. Erinaceus sp.

Erinaceus sp. Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 621.

Dist. Formosa (Swinhoe).

274 B. AOKI:

Ord. CHIROPTERA.

Sub-Ord. MEGACHIROPTERA.

Fam. PTEROPODIDZE.

Sub-Fam. Pteropodine.

Gen. Pteropus' Briss.

Pteropus, Brisson, Regn. Anim. in classes ix distrib., 2 ed., p. 13;

Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus., xv, p. 90 (1840); Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit.

Mus., p. 15 (1878) (pars included Acerodon et Styloctenium) ; Matschie,

Flederm. des Berliner Mus. für Naturk., 1899, p. 5 (pars included

Pteralopex et Acerodon); Miller, Smith. Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.

57; P. 56 (1907).

Spectrum Lacépède, Tabl. des div. Sousdiv., Orders et Genres

des Mammif., 1799, p. 15; Matschie, Flederm des Berliner Mus. fiir

Naturk., 1899, p. 19.

28. Pteropus dasymallus Temm.

Pteropus desymallus, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 180, pl. 10

(1827); Peters, MB. Ak. Berl., 1867, p. 323; Dobson, Monogr. Asiat.

Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 16 (1876); Bangs, Amer. Nat., xxxv, no. 415,

p. 561 (1901).

Spectrum dasymallum, Gray, Cat. monkeys and fruit-eating bats,

p. IOI (1870).

Nom. JAP. Yaku-komori.

Dist. Liükiü (Bangs).

29. Pteropus formosus Sclater.

Pteropus formosus, Sclater, P. Z.S., 1873, p. 193, pl. 22.

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Pleropus are as follows (G. S. Miller) :—

Eunycteris Gray, 1866; Pselaphon Gray, 1870; Sericonycteris Matschie, 1899; Zunyc-

teris (Subgen.) Matschie, 1899.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 275

DIST. Formosa (Sclater).

30. Pteropus loochooensis Gray.

Pteropus loochooensis, Gray, Cat. monkeys and fruit-eating bats,

p. 106 (1870).

Pteropus keraudreni loochooensis, Bonhote, Novit. Zool., ix, no. 3,

p. 628 (1902).

Nom. JAP. Okinawa-komori.

Dist. Liukiù (Bonhote).

31. Pteropus pselaphon Lay.

Pteropus pselaphen, Lay, Zool. Journ., iv, p. 457; Temminck,

Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 13 (1842).

Nom. JAP. Ogasawara-kömori.

Dist. Bonin Islands (Temminck).

Sub-Ord. MICROCHIROPTERA.

Fam. RHINOLOPHIDZ.

Gen. Rhinolophus! Lacépède.

Rhinolophus, Lacépède, Tabl. des div. sousdiv., orders et genres

des Mammif., p. 15 (1799); Dobson, Monogr. Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 37

(1876); ibid., Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 100 (1878); Geoffry, Nouv.

Pict denis, Mat. xix, 9p. 383) (1803); Miller, Smith. Inst. U.S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 57, p, 108 (1907).

32. Rhinolophus cornutus cornutus Temm.

Rhinolophus cornutus, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 37 (1835

—41); ibid, Fauna Japonica, p. 14, pl. 2 (1842); Peters, MB. Ak.

I) Other synonyms of Gen. R/inolophius are as follows (G. S. Miller) :—

Rhinocepis Gervais, 1836; Aguias Gray, 1817; Phyllotis Gray, 1866 (nec Phylotis

Waterhouse, 1837); Catophyl/us Gray, 1866; Euryalus Matschie, 1991,

276 B. AOKI:

Berl., 1871, .p. 309; Andersen, 25, 1905, li, p) 1263 Thomas,

ibid., 1907, p. 406; ibid., 1908, p. 49.

Rhinolophus minor (pars, nec Horsfield), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt.

Brit. Mus., p. 114 (1878); ibid., Monogr. Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 50

(1876).

Nom. Jap. Kokikugashira-kömori.

DIST. Japan proper (Andersen).

33. Rhinolophus cornutus pumilis Andersen.

Rhinolophus minor (nec Horsfield), Bonhote, Nov. Zool., ix, no.

3, p. 626 (1902).

Rhinolophus cornutus pumilis, Andersen, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 127.

Dist. Liükiü, China: Foo-chow (Andersen).

34. Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum nippon Temm.

Rhinolophus nippon, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 30 (1835—

41); ibid., Fauna Japonica, p. 14 (1842); Peters, MB. Ak., Berl., 1871,

P#312:

Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum (pars), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit.

Mus., p. 119 (1878); Namiye, Zool. Mag, Tokyo, i, p. 172 (1889).

Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum nippon, Andersen, P. Z.S., 1905, ii,

p. 110; Thomas, ibid., 1908, p. 637.

Nom. Jap. Kikugashira-kömori.

Dist. Japan proper, Korea, S. China: Shanghai (Andersen).

35. Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen.

Rhinolophus monoceros, Andersen, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 131; Linde,

Ann. Mag. N. Hi, (8), i, P. 237 (1908).

Dist. Formosa: Kagi, Takao (Andersen). ©

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 277

Fam. HIPPOSIDERIDZE.

Gen. Hipposideros' Gray.

Hipposideros, Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 37; ibid., P. Z. S., 1834,

pass; Blanford, P. 2.5, 1837, p. 637 ; Miller, Smith: Inst. U.S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 57, p. 110 (1907).

Phyllorhina, Bonaparte, Icon. della Fauna Ital., xxi, (1837);

Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 127 (1878); ibid., Monogr.

Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 58 (1876).

36. Hipposideros bicolor fulvus Gray.

Hipposideros fulvus et murinus, Gray, Mag. Zool. and Bot., ii,

p. 492 (1838).

Rhinolophus murimus et fulvus, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. South

Mahratta Country, p. 8 (1840).

Hipposideros fulvus, murinus et atratus, Kelaart, Prodr. Fauna

Zeylan., pp. 15, 16 (1852).

Phyllorhina aurita, Tomes, P. Z.S., 1859, p. 76; Swinhoe, ibid.,

1870, p. 616.

Chrysonycteris fulva, Gray, P. Z.S., 1865, p. 82.

Phyllorhina fulva, Peters, MB. Ak. Berl, 1871, p. 322; Dobson,

PAS: 1872, Pa 55:

Phyllorhina bicolor subsp. fulva, Dobson, Mongr. Chiropt. Ind.

Mus, Ps 71, (1870):

Nom. ANG. Large-eared leaf-nose.

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Æipposideros are as follows (G. S. Miller) :—

Macronycteris Gray, 1866; Gloionycteris Gray, 1866 ; Speorifera Gray, 1866 ; Rhinophylla

Gray, 1866 (nec Rhinophylla Peters, 1865); Chrysonycteris Gray, 1866; Doryrhina Peters,

1871 (Subgen. of ZAyllorhina), Sideroderma Peters, 1871 (Subgen. of PAylorhina);

Ptychorhina, Peters, 1871 (Subgen. of Phyllorhina); Cyclorina Peters, 1871 (Subgen. of

Phyllorhina); Thyreorhina, Peters, 1871 (Subgen. of Phylorhina); Syndesmotis Peters, 1871

(Subgen. of Phyllorhina).

278 B. AOKI:

Dist. India, Ceylon, Burma, China: Amoy (Dobson); Formosa

(Swinhoe).

37. Hipposideros turpis Bangs.

Hipposideros turpis, Bangs, Amer. Nat., xxxv, no. 415, p. 561

(1901); Andersen, Ann. Nag. N. H., (7), xvii, p. 38 (1906).

Dist. Liukiù: Ishigaki I. (Bangs).

Fam. VESPERTILIONIDZ.

Sub-Fam. Vespertilionina.

Gen. Myotis! Kaup.

Myotis, Kaup, Skizzirte Entw.—gesch. u. Natürl. Syst. d, europ,

Thierw., 1, p. 106 (1829); Miller, Ann. Mag. N. H., (6), xx, p. 382.

(1897); ibid., N. Amer. Fauna, no. 13, p. 55, (1897); ibid., Smith. »

Inst. U, S. Nat. ‘Mus. Bulk, 277, (ps. 200 (1007);

Leucone, Boie, Isis, p. 256 (1830).

Vespertilio, Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 306

(nec Linn. 1758); Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 284 (1878)

(nec Linn. 1758); Allen, Monogr. Bats N. Amer., p. 70 (1893)

1894.

38. Myotis macrodactylus® (Temm.).

Vespertilio macrodactylus, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 231

(1835—41) ; ibid., Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 16 (1842).

1) Other Synonyms of Gen, Myozis are as follows (G. S. Miller) :—

Nystactes Kaup, 1829 (nec WVystactes Gloger, 1829); SeZysius Bonaparte, 1841; Capac-

cinius Bonaparte, 1841; Trilatitus Gray, 1842; Tralatitus Gervais, 1849; Brachyotus

Kolenati, 1856 (Nec Brachyotus Gould, 1837); Zsotus Kolenati, 1856; Zternopterus Peters,

1867 ; Exochurus Fitzinger, 1870 (Nec Exochura Kolenati, 1858); Aeorestes Fitzinger, 1870;

Comastes Fitzinger, 1870.

2) Held by Dobson to be synonymous with cafaccinii, but the two held by Thomas

as distinct species (see P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 337).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 279

Vespertilio capaccinti, Namiye, Zool. Mag. Tokyo, i, p. 288

(1889).

Myotio (Leucona) macrodactylus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p.

337»

Nom. JAP. Momoziro-komori.

Dist. Kiüshiü (Thomas), Hondo (Namiye).

39. Myotis mystacinus (Leisl.).

Vespertilio mystacinus, Leisl., Kuhl, Deutsch. Flederm., Ann.

Wetterau. Naturk., iv, p. 55 (1819) ; Desmarest, Mamm., p. 40 (1820);

Bell, Brit. Quadrup., p. 50 (1837); MacGillivray, Brit. Quadrup. (Nat.

Libr.), pp. 63, 90 (1838); Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 191

(1835—41); Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 310;

Wagner, Supp. Schreb. Säugeth., v, p. 725 (1855); Blasius, Fauna

Deutschl., p. 96 (1857); Dobson, Monogr. Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 133

(1876).

Vespertilio siligorensis, Horsfield, Ann. Mag. N. H, 1853, p. 102.

Myotis mystacinus, Thomas, P. S. Z., 1907, p. 407.

Dist. Himalayas-Nipal, from Rusia to Ireland and from Alps to

Finland (Dobson); Saghalien (Thomas); Kuril Islands.

40. Myotis nattereri bombinus Thos.

Myotis nattereri bombinus, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 337.

Dist. Kiüshiü (Thomas).

41. Myotis taiwanensis Linde.

Myotis taiwanensis, Linde, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), ii, p. 235 (1908).

Dist. Formosa: Takao, Anping and Tainan (Linde).

Gen. Plecotus Geoff.

Plecotus, Geoffroy, Descr. de l’Egypte, ii, p. 112 (1812) ; Dobson,

Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 117 (pars); ibid. Monogr. Chiropt.

280 B. AOKI:

Ind. Mus., p. 83 (1876); Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p, 297

(1888—91); Miller, Smith, Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 57, p. 224

(1907).

Macrotus, Leach, Cat. Spec. Indig. Mamm. and Birds, Brit. Mus.

(Willughby Society reprint, 1882), p. 1 (1816).

42. Plecotus auritus (Linn.).

Vespertilio auritus, Linnaeus, S. N., p. 32 (1758); Schreber,

Säugeth., p. 163 (1775); Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus., viii, p. 197 (1806);

Desmarest, Mamm., p. 144 (1820).

Plecotus auritus, Geoffroy, Descr. de l'Egypte, ii, p. 118 (1812);

Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 306; Blasius, Fauna

Deutschl., pl. 39, P. 37 -(18;7); Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm,,

p. 115 (1859); Kinahan; Proc. Nat. Hist: Soc. Dublin, dt Mea

(1859); Dobson, Monogr. Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 84 (1876); Blanford,

Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 297 (1888—91); Namiye, Zool. Mag.,

Tokyo, i, p.' 510 (1889) ; Thomas, P. 2.3,.1907,.P. 4065 ibid, MEO LI,

PAZ

Nom. JAP. Usagi-komori.

DIST. The Palearctic region, extending from Ireland through

Europe and North Africa to the Himalayas, and probably generally

distributed throughout the temperate parts of Asia (Dobson); Japan:

Hondo, Hokkaido and Kuril Islands.

Gen. Barbastella Gray.

Barbastella, Gray, London medical repository, xv, p. 390, (1821) ;

Miller, Ann. Mag. N. H., (6), xx, p. 385 (1897); ibid., Smith. Inst.

U. S. Nat, Mus. Bull. 57, p. 223 (1907).

1) Other Synonyms of Plecotus auritus are as follows :—

Vespertilio otus Boie, 1825; Vespertilio cornutus Faber, 1826; Vespertilio brevimanus

Jenyns, 1828; Plecotus agyptiacus Geoffroy; Plecotus peronit Geoffroy; Plecotus christit

Gray, 1838; Plecotus bonapırtii Gray 1838 (Dobson). Zlecotus homochrous Hodgson;

Plecotus auritus var. brevimanus Severtzofl, 1876; Plecotus leucopheus Severtzoff, 1876.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 281

Synotus, Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 305;

Blanford, Fauna, Brit. Ind. Mamm, p. 298 (1888—g91); Dobson,

Monogr. Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 85, (1876); ibid., Cat. Chiropt. Brit.

Mus., p. 175, (1878).

43. Barbastella darjelingensis Hodgs.

Barbastella darjelingensis, Hodgson, Ann. Mag. N. H., (2), xvi,

P2103 (1855)2 Uhomas, PAZS. i 1911, p. 160.

Barbastella darjelinensis, Dobson, P. A. S, B., 1875, p. 85.

Barbastellus communis, Blyth, J. A. S. B., xxi, p. 360; ibid., xxiv,

P#303; ibid. Cat, P736,; Jerdon, Mamm., p. 48; Hutton, P.Z.S.,

16/2 10 703 0Dobson ANS PB; xlui, pl. 2. P. 236 (nec Gray).

Synotus dargelinensis, Dobson, Monogr. Chiropt. Ind. Mus, p. 86

(1876).

Synotus darjelingensis, Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 298

(1888— 01); Namiye, Zool. Mag. Tokyo, i, p. 418 (1889).

Nom. JAP. Chichibu-komori. NOM. ANG. Eastern barbastelle.

Dist. Himalayas, Assam, E. Turkestan, (Blanford); Yarkand

(Dobson); W. China (Thomas); Japan: Hondo (Namiye).

Gen. Nyctalus Bowdich.

Ny. talus, Bowdich, Excursions in Madeira and Porto Sento during

the Autumn of 1823, while on his third voyage to Africa, p. 36,

(1825); Andersen, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), i, p. 434 (1908); Thomas,

ibid: (8), Vill, pi 370 (1911).

Pterygistes, Kaup, Skizzirte Entw.-gesch. u. Natiirl. Syst. der

europ. Thierw. i, p. 99 (1829); Miller, Ann. Mag. N. H., (6), xx, p.

384 (1897); Ibid., Smith. Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 57, p. 207 (1907).

Vesperugo, Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 312

(pars); Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 183, (1878) (pars).

Noctulina, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H. 1842, x, p. 258 (pars); Allen,

Pe U.S: Nat. Mus, 1803, pi030:

282 B. AOKI:

Panugo, Kolenati, Allgem. Deutsch. Naturhist, Zeitung, Dresden

neue Forge, ii, p. 131.

44. Nyctalus aviator Thos.

Vespertilio molossus, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 269 (1835—

41); ibid, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 15 (1842); Wagner, Supp.

Schreb. Säugeth., v. p. 738 (1855); Peters, MB. Ak. Berl, 1863, p. 639.

Vespertilio noctula subsp. a molossus, Dobson, Monogr. Chiropt.

Ind. Mus., p. go (1876).

Vespertilio noctula var. lasiopterus, Namiye, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i,

p. 212 (1889).

Nyctalus aviator, Tiomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), viii, p. 380

(1911).

Nom. JAP. Yama-komori. NOM. ANG. Large Japanese noctule.

Dist. Korea (Miller); China, Japan (Dobson),

45. Nyctalus noctula' (Schreb.).

Vespertilio noctula, Schreber, Säugeth., i, p. 166, pl. 52 (1775);

Gmelin, Linnaeus, S. N., (13), i, p. 146 (1788); Desmarest, Mamm., 1820,

p. 136; Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 169 (1835—41); Jenyns,

Brit. Vertebr., p. 23; Bangs, Icon. della Fauna Ital. xxi, (1837); Bell;

rit. Quadrup., p. 12, (1837); De Sélys-Longch, Faune Belge. 1842,

Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 15 (1842).

Scotophilus noctula, Gray, Mag. Zool. and Bot., ii, p. 497 (1838),

Vesperugo noctula, Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1830,

p. 317; ibid, Wirbelth. Europ., p. 46; Wagner, Supp. Schreb.

Säugeth, v. p. 728 (1855); Blasius, Fauna Deutschl. pp. 53, 54

(1857) ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 308 (1888—01); Namiye,

Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i, p. 256 (1889).

1) Other synonyms of Ayctalus noctula are as follows (Dobson) :—

Vespertilio magnus Berkenhout; 1789; Vespertilio altivelans White, 1789; Vespertilio

serotinus Geoflroy, 1806: Vespertilio proterus Kuhl, 1817; Vespertilio labiata Hodgson,

1835 ; Vespertilio macuanus Peters, 1852.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 283

Noctulina noctula, Jerdon, Mamm., p. 36 (1867).

Nom. JAP. Komori. NOM. ANG. Noctule bat.

DisT Palearctic, Ethiopian and Oriental Regions, extending

from England to Japan, and from the Scandinavian Peninsula to

Southern Africa. In Europe generally distributed; in Asia extending

from Western Turkestan along the Himalayas and other mountain

range to Ceylon, and through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and

Java, in Africa recorded from the northern parts, and from Mozambique

(Dobson).

Gen. Pipistrellus' Kaup.

Pipistrellus, Kaup, Skizzirte Entw.-gesch. u. Natürl. Syst. d.

europ. Thierw., i, p. 98 (1829); Bonaparte, Icon della Fauna Ital.,

= (1837); onsen, Po A. SB, 1871, p. 213; Miller, Ann. Mag.

NEN, (6), = P2384 (1897); ibid., N. Amer. Fauna, no. 13, p. 87

(1897) ; ibid., Smith. Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 57, p. 204 (1907).

Vesperugo, Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, v, I, p. 312

(pars); Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 183 (pars); Allen,

Monogr. Bats N. Amer., p. 121, (1893) 1894.

46. Pipistrellus abramus’ (Temm.).

Vespertilio abramus, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 216 (1835

—41); Wagner, Supp. Schreb. Säugeth., v, p. 738 (1855); Linde,

Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), ii, pi 236 (1908).

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Pifrstrellus are as follows (G. S. Miller) :—

Romicia Gray, 1838; Romicius Blyth, 1840 ; Hyfsugo Kelenati, 1856; Nannugo Kolenati,

1856 Scotophilus Allen, 1864.

2) Other synonyms of Pifistrellus abramus are as follows (Dobson) :—

Vespertilio imbricatus Temminck, 1835—41; Scotophilus javanicus Gray, 1838 ; Scoto-

philus coromandra Gray, 1838; Vespertilio coromandelicus Blyth, 1855; Vesperugo blythir

Wagner, 1855; ,Scotophilus coromandelicus Horsfield, 1855; Vesperlilio coromandelicus

Tomes, 1858; Pifistrellus coromandelicus Dobson, 1871; Vesperugo imbricatus Peters

1872.

284 B. AOKI:

Vespertilio akokomuli, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 17

(1842); Thomas, PZ. 54 1005, 11,.9937.

Vesperugo abramus, Temminck, Funna Japonica, Mamm., p. 17

(1842); Dobson, Monogr. Chirop. Ind. Mus., p. 97 (1876); ibid., Cat.

Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 226 (1878); Scully, J. AS: B., Ivi, pt. 2, p.

250; Blanford, ibid., lvii, pt. 2, p. 266; Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1870, p.

227; Anderson, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., i, p. 129 (1881); Namiye,

Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i, p. 124 (1889); Blanford, Faunna Brit. Ind.

Mamm., p. 313 (1888—91); Thomas, P. Z.S., 1898, p. 771; Flower,

ibid., 1900, p. 345.

Pipistrellus abramus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 337.

Nom. JAP. Aburamushi. Nom. ANG. Indian pipistrelle.

Dist. Europe, India, Ceylon, Burma, Cambodia, China, Japan,

Malay Peninsula (Penang and Singapore), Philippines, Celebes, New

Guinea, N. Australia (Flower).

47. Pipistrellus pipistrellus' (Schreb.).

Vesperugo pipistrellus, Schreber, Säugeth., i, p. 167, pl. 54 (1775);

Erxleben, Syst, Règne Amim., p. 148 (1777); Geoffroy, Descr. de

l'Egypte, ii, p. 116 (1812); Kuhl, Wetter! Ann, ipso)

Desmarest, Mamm., p. 139 (1820); Jenyns, Trans: Linn. Soc., xvi.

p. 163; Bell, Brit. Quadrup., p. 31 (1837); Bonaparte, Icon della

Fauna Ital.; Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 194, pl. 48 (1835 —

41); Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 321; ibid.,

Wirberth. Europ., p. 49 (1840); Blasius, Fauna Deutschl. p. Gi

(1857); Wagner, Supp. Schreb. Säugeth., v, p. 730 (1855); Dobson,

Monogr. Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 96 (1876); Swinhoe, P. Z.S., p. 618

(1870); Wallace, Island life, p. 394 (1902).

Non. ANG. Small house-bat.

Dist. The temperate region of Asia north of Himalayas, and

I) Other synonyms of Pifistrellus pipistrellus are as follows (Dobson) :—

Scotophilus murinus Gray, 1838; Vespertilio brachyotus Temminck, 1840.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 285

generally distributed throughout Europe and its islands (Dobson) ;

Japan (Wallace); ?Formosa (Swinhoe).

Gen. Vespertilio! Linn.

Vespertilio, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 31 (1758); Blanford, Fauna Brit.

Ind. Mamm., p. 328 (1888—091); Miller, Ann. Mag. N. H., (6), xx,

p. 384 (1897) (pars); ibid, N. Amer. Fauna, no. 13, p. 95 (1897)

pars); Méhely, Monogr. Chiropt. Hungariæ, p. 219 (pars); Miller,

Smith. Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 57, p. 209 (1907).

Vesperugo, Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 312

(pars); Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 183 (pars).

48. Vespertilio formosus Hodgs.

Vespertilio formosus, Hodgson, J. A. S. B., iv, p. 700 (1835);

Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 311 (1878); Anderson, Cat.

Mamm. Ind. Mus., i, p. 142 (1881).

Dist. Himalayas: Nipal, Darjeeling; India: Chäibäsä, “Khasi

Hills; China: Shanghai, Kiang, Amoy ; Formosa (Dobson).

49. Vespertilio murinus superans Thos.

Vespertilio murinus sperans, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1898, p. 770; ibid.,

1006, 1, Ps 052:

Vespertilio discolor superans, Winton, P. Z.S., 1899, p. 573.

Dist. China: Se-salin, Ichang, Yan-tse-kiang; Japan: Hondo

(Thomas).

50. Vespertilio rufo-niger Tomes.

Vespertilio rufo-niger, Tomes, P. Z. S., 1858, p. 85; Swinhoe, ibid.,

1870, P- 107:

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Vespertilio are as follows {G. S. Miller) :—

Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820; Crepheus Kaup., 1829; Vesperus Keyserling et Blasius,

1839 (Subgen. of Vesperugo, pars); Meteorus Kolenati, 1856 (pars); Arzstippe Kolenati,

1863 (pars); Marsipolemus Peters, 1872 (Subgen. of Vesperugo); Vesperus Dobson, 1878

(Subgen. of Vesperugo, pars); Adelomycteris Allen, 1891.

286 BIVAOKIE

Nom. ANG. Black and orange bat.

DIST. Formosa (Swinhoe).

Sub-Fam. Miniopterine.

Gen. Miniopterus! Bonap.

Miniopterus, Bonaparte, Icon. della Fauna Ital., xx. (Subgen. of

Vespertilio) ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 347 (1878); Miller,

Smith. Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 57, p: 227 (1907):

51. Miniopterus fuscus Bonh.

Miniopterus fuscus, Bonhote, Novit. Zool., ix, no. 3, p. 626 (1902) ;

Thomas, P: Z. Si, 1905, di; “pn 338

Dist. Liukiu (Bonhote).

52. Miniopterus schreibersi japoniæ Thos.

Vespertilio blepotis, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 16,

(1842).

Miniopterus schreibersit, Namiye, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i, p. 338,

(1889); ibid., xxi, p. 453 (1909).

Miniopterus schreibersi japonie, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 338;

Linde, Ann. Mas No H., (8), 15%p:12370 (1908).

Nom. JAP. Yubinaga-komori.

DIST. Hondo (Namiye); Kiushiù (Thomas); Liukiù (Namiye);

Formosa: Tainan (Linde); Java (Temminck).

Sub-Fam, Murinine.

Gen. Murina Gray.

Murina, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1842, x, p. 258; Miller, Smith.

Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 57, p. 229 (1907).

I) Other synonyms of Gen Miniopterus are as follows (G. S. Miller) :—

Miniopteris Gray, 1866; Minyopterus Winge, 1892; Minneopterus Lampe, 1999

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 287

Herpiocephalus, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1842, x, p. 259; ibid.,

(3) xvii p. 99 (1866); Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., 1878 p. 276

(pars, Subgen. Murina, p. 277, and Subgen. Harpiocephalus, p. 277) ;

ibid., Monogr. Chiropt. Ind. Mus., 1876, p. 150 (pars).

Ocypetes, Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim., p. 30 (pars, nec

Ocypetes Wagler, 1832).

53. Murina hilgendorfi (Peters).

Herpiocephalus hilgendorfi, Peters, MB. Ak. Berl., 1880, p. 23;

Namiye, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i, p. 201 (1889).

Murina hilgendorfi, Miller, Smith. Inst. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 57,

p. 230 (1907).

Nom. JAP. Tengu-kömori.

DIST. Hondo (Namiye).

Fam. MOLOSSIDÆ.

Gen. Nyctinomus! Geoff.

Nyctinomus, Geoffroy, Descr. de l'Egypte, ii, p. 114 (1812) ; Dobson,

Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 420 (pars); Miller, Smith. Inst. U.S.

Nat. Mus, Bull. 57, p. 251 (1907).

54. Nyctinomus cestonii* (Savi).

Dinops cestonii, Savi, Nouv. Giorn. di Lett., p. 230 (1825); Bullet.,

des Sci. Nat., viii, p. 286; Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 262

(1827); Keyserling et Blasius, Wiegm. Archiv, 1839, p. 305.

Disopes (Molossus) rüppelii, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm., i, pl.

xviii (1827); ibid. ii, p. 224 (1835—41); Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 619.

Nyctinomus cestonit, Dobson, J. A. S. B., 1874, p. 142 ; ibid., Monogr.

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Nyctizomus are as follows (G. S. Miller) :—

Nyctinomes Gray, 1821; Nyctinomia Fleming, 1822; Nyctinoma Bowdich, 1827.

2) Other synonyms of Wyctinomus cestonii are as follows (Dobson) :—

Dysopes cestonii Wagner, 1855 ; Myctinomus insignis Blyth, 1863.

288 B. AOKI:

Chiropt. Ind. Mus., p. 180 (1876); Wallace, Island life, p. 402 (1902).

Nom. ANG. Large-eared bat.

DIST. Europe: Madeira, Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, Greece ; Africa :

Egypt, Nubia, Asia: China (Amoy) (Dobson); Formosa (Wallace).

Ord. PHOLIDOTA.

Fam. MANIDZ.

Gen. Manis Linn.

Manis, Linnaeus, S.N., (10), p. 36 (1758); Blanford, Fauna, Brit.

Ind. Mamm., p. 595 (1888—91).

55. Manis pentadactyla Linn.

Manis pentadactyla, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 36 (1758) (pars, nec

Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., 1888—91, p. 597); Cantor, Ann.

Mag. N. H., 1842, ix, p..275; Gray, Cat Hedes Coll cused 6;

Blyth, J..A. S. Bi, xxiv, p93} Thomas "Po 2.5, stom RON

Manis aurita, Hodgson, J. A. S. B., v, p. 234 (1836) ; Blyth, Cat.

p. 179; Jerdon, Mamm,, p. 316; Anderson, An, Zool RES pb esse,

pl. xxiv, figs. 3, 4; Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus., iv, p. 202; Blanford,

Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 599 (1888—g1); Sclater, Cat. Mamm.

Ind. Mus., p. 330 (1891).

Manis brachyura, M’Cleland, P. Z.S., 1839, p. 183.

Manis dalmanni, Sundevall, Kongl. Vetens. Akad, Handl., p. 256,

pl. iv, fig. 10 (1842); Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 236, 650.

Manis javanica, Adams, P. Z.S., 1850, Pp. 133, Blyth, ASP:

xi, p. 454; ibid., xvi, P. 1274; ibid; xxix, p. 449 (mec Desmarest):

Pholidotes dalmanni, Gray, Cat. Carn. Brit. Mus., p. 371 (1869).

Manis dalmani, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1911, p. 133.

Nom. JAP. Senzanko. NOM. ANG. Chinese pangolien.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS, 289

DIST. The Himalayas from Nepal to Assam, Upper Burma at

considerable elevations, Yunnan and southern China, including the

Islands of Formosa and Hainan (Sclater).

Ord. RODENTIA.

Sub-Ord. DUPLICIDENTATA.

Fam. LEPORIDA.

- Gen. Lepus' Linn.

Lepus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 57 (1758) ; Gray, Ann. Mag. N.H,,

(3), xx, p. 222 (1867); Coues et Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodent.,

p. 282 (1877); Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 448 (1888—g1).

56. Lepus brachyurus brachyurus Temm.

Lepus brachyurus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 44

(S45) Thomas, hs Z..S.; 1905, il, p. 357.

Nom. JAP. No-usagi. NOM. ANG. Japanese hare.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku (Thomas).

57. Lepus brachyurus angustidens Hollister.

Lepus brachyurus angustidens, Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,

SXV ps, Tos) (LOU):

Dist. Hondo: Tateyama mountain (Hollister).

58. Lepus brachyurus okiensis Thos.

Lepus brachyurus okiensis, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 359.

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Zepus are as follows (Coues et Allen) :—

Caprolagus Blyth, 1845; Hydrolagus Gray, 1867; Sylvilagus Gray, 1867; Lulagus

Gray, 1867; Zapeti Gray, 1867; Cuniculus Gray, 1867; Oryctolagus Lilijeborg, 1873.

290 B. AOKI:

DIST. Okishima (Thomas).

59. Lepus formosus Thos.

Lepus formosus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), i, p. 449 (1908).

DIST. Formosa (Thomas).

60. [Lepus sinensis’ Gray.]

Lepus sinensis, Gray, Hardwicker’s Ill. Ind. Zool; Swinhoe, P. Z.

5:, 1862, p. 3505%bid., 1870,92 0390.

Nom. ANG. Chinese hare.

DIST. Formosa, S. China (Swinhoe).

61. Lepus timidus timidus* Linn.

Lepus timidus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 57 (1758) ; ibid., Fauna Suec.,

2nd. ed., 1761, p. 9 (nec Lepus timidus Gmel.) ; Erxleben, Syst. Règne

Anim., 1777, p. 329; Thumberg, Beskr. pa Svenske Djr., 1798, p. 38;

Retzius, Fauna Suec., i, p. 31 (1800); Lilijeborg, Kongl. Vetensk.

Akad., i, Stockh. Handl., 1850 (1851), p. 21; ibid., Fauna ôfner

Sveriges och Norges Rygradsdjur, 1873, p. 418; Holmgren, Skandin.

Digg., 1865, p. 280; Coues et Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodent., p.

288 (1877); Barrett-Hamilton, P. Z. S., 1900, p. 88; Thomas, P. Z. S.,

1907, p. 414.

1) O. Thomas says:—“ It is, however, to be noticed that Consul Swinhoe recorded

Lepus sinensis as a native of Formosa (P.Z.S., 1862, p. 359), and that the one adult skin

(No. 62, 12, 24, 16) of his collection sent as from the island is certainly more like sinensis

than formosus. Whether, however, both forms occur in Formosa, or whether this specimen

has been wrongly labelled, are questions which can only be settled when the mammal

fauna of the island is more completely known. But considering the uniformity among them-

selves of all the specimens, young and old, they are unquestionably from Formosa. I am

inclined to think that the specimen referred to has been incorrectly labelled” (see Ann. Mag.

N. H., (8), i, p. 450).

2) Other synonyms of Zepus timidus are as follows (Barrett-Hamilton) :—

Lepus albus Brisson, 1756; Lepus variabilis Pallas, 1778; Zepus borealis sylvaticus

Nilsson, 1829—1832 (nec Bechman, 1837); Zepus canescens, 1844; Lepus borealis Nilsson,

1847.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 291

Nom. JAP. Echigo-usagi. NOM. ANG. Variable-hare.

Dist. S. Scandinavia, Scotland, Mountains of Europe (Barrett-

Hamilton); N. Europian Russia, Siberia (Coues et Allen); Saghalien

(Thomas); N. Hondo.

62 Lepus timidus ainu Barr.-Ham.

Lepus timidus ainu, Barrett-Hamilton, P. Z.S., 1900, p. 90 ; Thomas,

ibid: 1905,11, p: 356.

Dist. Hokkaido (Barret-Hamilton) ; Kuril Islands.

Gen. Pentalagus Lyon.

Pentalagus, Lyon, Smith. Misc. Coll., xlv, pp. 321—447 (1904).

63. Pentalagus furnessi (Stone).

Caprolagus furnessi, Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1900,

p. 460; Bonhote, Novit. Zool., ix, no. 3, p. 628 (1902).

Pentalagus furnesst, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 357.

Nom. JAP. Amami-nousagi. NOM. ANG. Liükiü hare.

DIST. Amami-oshima (Stone).

Sub-Ord. SIMPLICIDENTATA.

Per. SCIUROMORPHA.

Fam. SCIURIDZ.

Sub-Fam. Sciurina.

Gen. Sciurus Linn.

Sciurus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 63 (1758); Gray, Ann. Mag. N.

H., (3), xx, p. 271 (1867); Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm, p. 369

(1888—91).

Macroxus, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., (3). 2% PP 27.162752. and.326

(1867).

292 B. AOKI:

64. Sciurus castaneoventris Gray.

Sciurus castaneoventris, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1842, x, p. 263;

ibid., Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 142 (1843); Blyth, J. A. S. B., xxix,

p. 90; ibid., Cat. Mamm., no. 322, p. 102; Gray, Ann. Mas Net,

(3), xx, p. 283 (1867); Swinhoe, P. Z.'S., 1870, p. 231; Ibid. upeos ss

Bonhote, Ann. Mag. N. H., 17), vii, p. 163 (1901).

Sciurus erythracus, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1862, p. II.

Nom. JAP. Kuri-hara-risu. NOM. ANG. Chestnut-bellied squirrel.

Dist. Formosa, China: Kwantung, Fokien, Hainan (Swinhoe).

65. Sciurus lis Temm.

Scturus lis, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 45 (1845);

Thomas, P. Z.S., 1005, 1, p. 34%.

Nom. JAP. Risu. NOM. ANG. Japanese squirrel.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiüshiü (Thomas).

66. Sciurus thaiwanensis thaiwanensis Bonh.

Sciurus thaiwanensis, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), vii, p. 165

(1901).

DIST. S. Formosa (Bonhote).

67. Sciurus thaiwanensis centralis Bonh.

Sciurus thaiwanensis centralis, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7) vii,

p. 166 (1901).

Dist. Central mountains of Formosa (Bonhote).

68. Sciurus thaiwanensis roberti Bonh.

Sciurus thaiwanensis roberti, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), vii,

p. 166 (1901).

Dist. N. W. Formosa (Bonhote).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 293

69. Sciurus vulgaris orientis Thos.

Sciurus varius, Tomminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 44

(1845).

Seiurus vulgaris orientis, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 345; ibid.,

1907; Pi ATE

Nom. JAP. Yoroppa-risu.

Dist. Hokkaido (Thomas).

70. Sciurus vulgaris rupestris Thos. |

Sciurus vulgaris rupestris, Thamas, P. Z. S., 1907, p. 410.

Dist. Saghalien (Thomas).

Gen. Dremomys Père Heude.

Dremomys, Père Heude, Mem. N. H. Empire Chinois, iv, pt. 2, p.

54 (1898).

Zetis, Thomas, Jour. Bombay, Nat. Hist. Soc., xviii, p. 244 (1908) ;

Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), ii, p. 136 (1908).

71 Dremomys owstoni (Thos.).

Zetis owstont, Thomas, Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xviii, p. 244

(1908).

Dremomys owstont, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), ii, p. 136

(1908).

Nom. JAP. Owston-risu. NOM. ANG. Owston’s squirrel.

Dist. Formosa (Thomas).

Gen. Eutamias Trouessart.

Eutamias, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. vivants et fossiles, rongurs,

1886, p. 86 (Subgen.); Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897,

p. 189 (adopted as a full gen.).

204 B. AOKI:

72. Eutamias asiaticus' (Gmel.).

Sciurus striatus, Pallas, Nov. Glires, 1778, p. 378 (nec Sciurus

striatus Linn.) ; Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 124 (1859).

Sciurus striatus a asiaticus, Gmelin, Linn., S. N., (13), i, p. 150

(1788). |

Myoxus lineatus, Siebold, Spic. Fauna Japonica, p. 13 (1824).

Sciurus uthensis, Pallas, Zool. Rosso Asiat., i, 1831, p. 189

(Melanistic); Wagner, Supp. Schreb. .Saugeth., ii, 1843, p. 232;

Middendorff, Sibirische Reise, ii, Pt. 2, 1853, p. 183, Schrenck, Amur

Land, Mamm., p. 125 (1859).

Tamias pallasi, Baird, Ann. Rep. Smith. Inst., 1856 (1857), p. 55;

ibid., Mamm. N. Amer., 1857, p. 295.

Tamias quadrivittatus var. pallasi, Allen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.

Hist., xvi, 1874, p. 290 (pars).

Tamias astaticus, Coues et Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Radent.,

1877, P. 703 (pars); ıbid, Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist; 1 ape 71

(1891) ; ibid., xix p. 137 (1903) Thomas, P2725, 1907, pa aii

Tamias lineatus, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1907, p. 411.

Eutamias asiaticus lineatus, Thomas, P, Z. S., 1908, p. 968.

Eutamias asiaticus uthensis, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 968.

Nom. JAP. Torafu-nezumi or Shima-risu. NOM. ANG. Chipmunk.

DIST. Siberia (Allen); Saghalien, Hokkaido (Thomas); Kuril

Islands.

Gen. Tamiops Allen.

Tamiops, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxii, p. 475 (1906).

73. Tamiops macclellandi formosanus (Bonh.).

Sciurus macclellandi, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 232, 634.

1) The Zneatus from Hokkaido and the z/%ersis from Saghalien are here taken to

be identical with Æzw/amias asiaticus,

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 295

Sciurus macclellandi formosanus, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7),

V, p. 52 (1900).

Dist. Hainan, Formosa (Bonhote).

Gen. Petaurista Link.

Petaurista, Link, Beytr. Nat., ii, p. 78 (1795).

Pteromys (Cuv. 1800), Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 360

(1888 — 91).

74, Petaurista lena Thos.

Petaurista lena, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xx, p. 522 (1907) ;

ibid P- 2.9, 1907, P: 467.

Dist. Central Formosa (Thomas).

75. Petaurista leucogenys leucogenys (Temm.).

Pteromys leucogenys, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 46

(1845).

Petaurista leucogenys, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 344.

Petaurista leucogonys tose Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xv,

p. 488 (1905).

Nom. JAP. Musasabi. NOM. ANG. Japanese large flying-squirrel.

Dist. Kiüshiü, Shikoku (Thomas).

76, Petaurista leucogenys nikkonis Thos.

Petaurista leucogenys nikkonis, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xv,

P- 487 (1995).

Dist. Central mountainous region of Hondo: Nikko (Thomas).

77. Petaurista leucogenys oreas Thos.

Petaurista leucogenys oreas, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xv,

p. 487 (1905).

Dist. Southern peninsula of Hondo: Wakayama (Thomas).

206 B. AOKI:

78. Petaurista nitidus (Desmarest).

Sciurus petaurista, Pallas, Miscell. Zool., p. 56 (1766).

Pteromys nitidus, Desmarest, Dict. Hist. Nat, xxvii, p. 403

(1818); Gray, Hardwicker's Ill. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xvii; Thomas, P.

Z.S., 1886, p. 73; ibid., 1880, p. 230; Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.,

ii, p. 36 (1891).

Pteromys grandis, Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1862, p. 358; ibid., 1870,

p. 634.

Nom. JAP. Oaka-musasabi. Nom. ANG. Large-red flying-squirrel.

Dist. The Malay Peninsula from Klang in Selangore southwards,

the islands of Sumatra, Java and Borneo, also Siam and Formosa

(Sclater).

79. Petaurista pectoralis (Swinhoe).

Pteromys pectoralis, Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1870, p. 634.

Nom. ANG. White-breasted flying squirrel.

DIST. Southern mountains of Formosa (Swinhoe).

Gen. Sciuropterus Cuv.

Sciuropterus, Cuvier, Ann. du Mus., x, p. 126 (1825); Blanford,

Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 366 (1888—91).

Sub-Gen. Sciuropterus Cuv.

Sciuropterus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), i, p. 5 (1908).

80. Sciuropterus momonga momonga (Temm.).

Pteromys (Sciuropterus) momonga, Temminck, Fauna Japonica,

Mamm., p. 47 (1845).

Nom. JAP. Momonga. NOM. ANG. Japanese small flying-squirrel.

Dist. This form of the species may prove to be an inhabitant

of one of the southern islands (Thomas).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 297

81. Sciuropterus momonga amygdali Thos.

Sciuropterus momonga amygdali, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 344.

Dist. Hondo (Thomas).

82. Sciuropterus russicus athene Thos.

?Pteromys volans, Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., 1850, p. 116

(nec Mus volans Linn.)

Sciuropterus russicus athene, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1907, p. 400.

DIST. Saghalien (Thomas).

Gen. Belomys Thos.

Belomys, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H, (8), i, p. 2 (1908).

83. Belomys kaleensis (Swinhoe).

Scturopterus kaleénsis, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1862, p. 359; ibid., 1870,

p. 634.

NOM. ANG. Small Formosan flying squirrel.

Dist. Mountain-forests of N. Formosa (Swinhoe).

84. Belomys pearsoni (Gray).

Sciuropterus pearsoni, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1842, x, p. 263;

Thomas, P.Z3Si51336; p: CO:

Sciuropterus villosus, Blyth, J. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866 (1847); ibid.,

Cat, p: 96; Jerdon,.Mamm., p. 170:

Pteromys pearsonit, Anderson, Anat. Zool. Res. p. 293 (1878).

Sciuropterus pearsoni, Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 369

(1888—01).

NOM. ANG. Hairly-footed flying-squirrel.

Dist. Sikhim, Bhutan and the Eastern Himalayas, Assam,

Cachar, Manipur, and Yunnan; also, according to Anderson, Formosa

(Blanford).

298 B. AOKI:

Fam. CASTORIDZE.

Gen. Castor Linn.

Castor, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 58 (1758), Mearns, Smith, Inst. U.

S. Nat. Mus. -Bull. 56, p. 350 (1907).

85. Castor fiber Linn.

Castor fiber Linnæus, S. N., (10), p. 58 (1758); Schrenck, Amur

Land, Mamm., p. 145 (1859); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 44

(1897); Thomas, B, 2.53; 1911, p 0116

Nom. JAP. Kairi. NOM. ANG. European beaver.

Disr. Amur region, Saghalien (Schrenck).

Per. MYOMORPHA.

Fam. GLIRIDÆ.

Gen. Glirulus Thos.

Glirulus, Thomas, P.\Z. S;, 1905, per

86. Glirulus japonicus (Schinz).

Myoxus javanicus, Schinz, Synop. Mamm., 1845.

Myoxus elegans, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 52 (1845).

Myoxus lasiotus, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1880, p. 41.

Glirulus japonicus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 347.

Nom. JAP. Yamane. Nom. ANG. Japanese dormouse.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku (Thomas).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 299

Fam. MURIDZ.

Sub-Fam. Microtine.

Gen. Microtus Schrank.

Microtus, Schrank, Fauna Boica, i, p. 66 (1789); Blanford, Fauna

Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 429 (1888—g1); Mearns, Smith, Inst. U. S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 56, p. 498 (1907).

Arvicola, Lacépède, Tableau, 1803, p. 10; Coues et Allen, Monogr.

N. Amer. Rodent. p. 147 (1877).

Aypudeus, Iiger, Prodr. 1811, not of Keyserling et Blasius, nor

of Baird, including Mus lemmus, amphibius and avalis.

Sub-Gen. Microtus Schrank.

Microtus, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 1896, p. 63; Mearns, Smith.

Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 56, p. 498 (1907).

87. Microtus montebelli (M.-Edw.).

Arvicola montebelli, Milne-Edwards, Rech. Mamm., p. 285 (1874).

Arvicola hatanezumi, Sasaki, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo, vi, p. 51

(1904).

Microtus montebelli, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 352.

Nom. JAP. Hata-nezumi. Nom. ANG. Japanese vole.

DIST. Hondo, Kiushiù (Thomas).

Gen. Evotomys Coues.

Evotomys, Coues, Proc: Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1874, p. 186 ; Coues

et Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodent., p. 131 (1877); Miller, Proc.

Biol. Soc. Wash., xiii, p. 154 (1900).

Hypudeus, Keyserling et Blasius, Wirbelth. 1842 (nec Illiger)

Baird, Mamm. N. Amer. 1857, pp. 513, 515 and 518.

300 B. AOKI:

88. Evotomys amurensis (Schrenck).

Arvicola (Hypudeus) amurensis, Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm.,

p. 129 (1859).

Evotomys amurensts, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1907, p. 413.

Nom. JAP. Amur-nezumi.

Dist. Hokkaido, Saghalien (Thomas); Amur region (Schrenck).

89. Evotomys mikado Thos.

Evotomys mikado, Thomas, Abstr. P. Z.S., 1905, no. 23, p. 19;

ibid. P. Z. S., 1905; si) p. 352; bid.) 1907), pens:

Nom. JAr. Mikado-nezumi.

Dist. Hokkaido (Thomas); Kuril Islands.

Gen. Craseomys Miller.

Craseomys, Miller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1900, ii, p. 83 (Subgen.).

90. Craseomys andersoni (Thos.).

Evotomys andersoni, Thomas, Abstr. P. Z. S., 1905, no. 23, p. 18.

votomys (Craseomys) andersoni, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 355.

Nom. JAP. Anderson-nezumi.

Dist. N. Hondo (Thomas).

91. Craseomys bedfordiæ (Thos.).

Evotomys bedfordie, Thomas, Abstr. P. Z. S., 1905, no. 23, p. 18.

Evtomys (Craseomys) bedfordie, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1995, ii, p. 354.

Crascomys bedfordie, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1907, p. 413.

Nom. JAP. Bedford-nezumi.

Dist. Hokkaido, Saghalien (Thomas); Kuril Islands.

92. Craseomys niigatæ Anderson.

Craseomys niigat@, Anderson, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), iv, p. 317

(1909).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 301

NOM JAP. Niigata-nezumi.

Dist. N. Hondo: Niigata Prefecture (Anderson).

93. Craseomys smithii (Thos.).

Evotomys (Phaulomys) smithit, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7),

XV, D: 40211008) bid,, <P. Z-S., 1905, il, p. 355.

| Craseomys smithii, Anderson, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), iv, p. 317

(1909).

Nom. JAP. Smith-nezumi.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiushiù (Thomas).

Sub-Fam. Murine.

Gen. Lenothrix Miller.

Lenothrix, Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi, p. 466.

94. Lenothrix legata Thos.

Lenothrix legata, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xvii, p. 88 (1906).

Mus bowersii var. okinavensis, Namiye, Zool. Mag. Tokyo, xxi,

P. 455 (1909).

Nom. JAP. Okinawa-kinezumi.

Dist. Amami-oshima (Thomas), Liukiù (Namiye).

Gen. Mas? Linn.

Mus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 59 (1758) ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind.

Mamm, p. 494 (1888—91); Mearns, Smith. Inst. U.S. Nat. Mus.

Bull. 56, p: 363, (1907).

Epimys, Trouessart, Bull. Soc. d’Etudes Sci. d’Anger, x, 1881,

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Mus are as follows (G. S. Miller) :—

Musculus Rafinesque, 1814; Zeggada Gray, 1837; Drymomys Tschudi, 1844; Vannomys

Peters, 1876; Acromys Trouessart, 1881; Pseudoconomys Rhoads, 1896 Dryomys Philippix ;

Rattus Fitzinger, 1867.

302 B. AOKI:

p. 117 (type by subsequent designation Mus rattus Linn.); Miller,

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxiii, p. 58 (1910); Lydekker abide p. 124

(Subgen.) ; Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), vi, p. 604 (1910); ibid.,

PLIS MONT spray.

95. Mus canna Swinhoe.

Mus ? Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1864, p. 382.

Mus canna, Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1870, p. 636.

Mus alexandrinus, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 635.

Mus flavipectus, Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Mus, vii,

p. 93 (1871); idid.,, Rech. Mamm., ‘pi 289, pl: 22, Se ee

Bonhote, Fasc. Malay, Zoology, i, pp. 35, 37; ibid., P. Z. S., 1905, ii,

p. 380.

Mus ouangthome, Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Mus., vii,

p. 93 (1871); ibid., Rech. Mamm., p. 290, pl. 40, fig. 3 (1874).

Mus plumbeus, Milne-Edwards, Rech. Mamm., p. 138, pl. 43, fig.

2 (1874).

Mus rattus flavipectus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1898, p. 772.

Dist. China, Formosa (Bonhote).

96. Mus caroli Bonh.

Mus caroli, Bonhote, Novit. Zool., ix, no. 3, p. 627 (1902).

Dist. Liükiü (Bonhote).

97. Mus coxinga Swinhoe.

Mus coxinga, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1864, pp. 185, 382; ibid., 1870,

p. 636; Thomas, Ann. Mus. Gen., 1892, p. 939 (foot-note).

Mus coxingi, Bonhote, Fasc. Malay, Zool., i, pp. 33, 36 (1903);

ibid., P. Z.S., 1905 Php 00;

NOM. ANG. Spinous country-rat.

DIST. Formosa (Bonhote).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 303

98. Mus erythronotus Temm.

Mus erythronotus,

(1845).

Dist. China, Japan (Temminck).

Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 50

99. Mus griseipectus M.-Edw.

Mus griseipectus, Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. Mus., 1871, p. 93;

ibid., Rech. Mamm. p. 299, pl. 42, fig. 2 (1874); Bonhote, P. Z. S.,

1005, Il, ps 3092.

MT, indıeus, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 635.

Dist. Formosa, also found in W. Fokien (Bonhote).

100. Mus losea Swinhoe.

Mus flavescens, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1864, p. 186.

Mus losea, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 637; Bonhote, ibid., 1905,

it; P. 391

Mus rufescens, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 636.

Nom. ANG. Brown country-rat.

DIST. This species was originally described from Tamsuy in

Formosa. But there is also a specimen collected by Mr. Swinhoe

at Amoy, and other specimens in

(Bonhote)

the Museum from W. Fokien

101. Mus molossinus Temm.

Mus molossinus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 51 (1845) ;

Thomas; Z: Sa 100$, tip. 1949:

Dist. Hondo, Kiushiù (Thomas).

102. Mus musculus Linn.

Mus musculus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 62 (1758); Miller et

Rehn,, Proc) Bose | Soc. a Nat. eblist;, xxx, no: I, \I90I, ‘p. 65;

304 B. AOKI:

Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 413 (1888—91); Flower, P. Z. S.,

1900, p. 362; Elliot, Field Col. Mus. Zool. Ser. ii,.1g01, p. 118; ibid.,

iv, 1904, p. 162; Bonhote, P. Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 304); Mein Sini:

Inst. U. S. Nat..Mus. Bull. 56, p..366 (1907); Thomas, P. Z. S., 1911,

P. 147.

Nom. JAP. Hatsuka-nezumi. NOM. ANG. Common house-mouse.

DIST. Cosmopolitan.

103. Mus norvegicus’ Erxl.

Mus norvegicus Erxleben, Syst. Règne Anim. i, 1777, p. 318;

Rehn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiii, p. 167 (1900); Miller et Rehn,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, xxx, no. 1, Dee. 27, 1001, pros Bllıos

Field Col. Mus. Zool. Ser. iv, 1904 p. 164; Mearns, Smith. Inst. U. S.

Nat. Mus. Bull. 56, p. 364 (1907); Bonhote, Po ZS. 1005, 4,.P.3025

Thomas, ibid., 1908, p. 53.

Nom. JAP. Shichiro-nezumi or Norway-nezumi. NOM. ANG.

Norway rat, Brown rat or Wharf-rat.

DIST. Cosmopolitan.

104. Mus rattus rattus Linn.

Mus rattus, Linnæut, S. N., (10), p. 61 (1758); Blanford, Fauna Brit.

Ind. Mamm., p. 406 (1888—091); Thomas, P. Z. S., 1881, p. 538; Elliot,

Field Col. Mus. Zool. Ser. ii, 1901, p. 117, Fig. 285 ibid. iv, C100nMp:

163, figg. 25, 31; Miller et Rehn, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist) xxx,

no. I, 1001, p. 56; Mearns, Smith. Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 56,

p. 365 (1907).

Nom. JAP. Kuma-nezumi. NOM. ANG. Black rat.

Dist. Cosmopolitan: Japan: Tokyo.

1) Other synonyms of Mus norvegicus are as follows (Blanford) :—

Mus decumanus Pallas, 1778; Mus decumanoides Hodgson ; Mus brunneus Hodgson,

1845.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 305

105. Mus rattus alexandrinus Geoff.

Mus alexandrinus, Geoffroy, Descr. de ?Egypte, Mamm., 1818,

Pr 733 player Thomas, bs Za 5, Sor, p. 533; Millerret-Rehn,

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xxx, no. 1, Ig0I, p. 65; Mearns, Smith.

Inst. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 56, p. 366 (1907).

Mus rattus alexandrinus, Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 406

(1888—g1).

Nom. JAr. Ezibuto-nezumi. NOM. ANG. Roof-rat, Whitebellied

rat or South-European rat.

DIST. Cosmopolitan.

106. Mus rattus rufescens Gray.

Mus rufescens, Gray, Charlesworth’s Mag. N. H., i, p. 585 (1837);

Blyth, J. A. S. B., xxxii, pp. 338—344; Jerdon, Mamm., pp. 194, 197—

201; Bonhote, Novit. Zool., ix, p. 627 (1902).

Mus rattus rufescens, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1881, pp. 57, 71.

Nom. JAP. Indo-nezumi. NOM. ANG. Common Indian rat.

Dist. Indian Peninsula, Ceylon, Burma (Blanford); Liukiu

(Bonhote).

107. Mus tanezumi Temm.

Mus tanezumi, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 51 (1845);

Thomas; PB. Z. 7S: 1905, il, p- 348.

Nom. JAP. Ta-nezumi.

Dist. N. Hondo (Thomas).

Gen. Bandicota Gray.

Bandicota, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), xii, p. 418 (1873);

Thomas, ibid., (7), xx, p. 203 (1907).

306 B. AOKI:

108. Bandicota bengalensis (Gray).

Arvicola bengalensis, Gray, Hardwicker’s Ill. Ind. Zool., ii, pl.

xxi (1833—4).

Nesokia indica, Blyth, J. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 328 (1863); ibid. Cat.,

no, 360,.p. 112; Jerdon, Mamm.; p. 187; Theobald; P. A. S.B iy ms66,;

p. 240; Blyth, J. A. SB.) zliv, Burma! List p33:

Mus indicus, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 635.

Mus (Nesokia) bengalensis, Thomas, P.Z.S., p. 526 (1881);

Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 44; Anderson, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 341.

Nesokia bengalensis, Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 55

(1891).

DIST. This rat is found over the whole of India, from Kashmir

and Sind in the north-west and from Cachar in the north-east south-

wards; it is also recorded from Ceylon and Tenasserim, and probably

occurs throughout Burma (Sclater) ; Formosa (Swinhoe).

Gen. Apodemus Kaup.

Apodemus, Kaup, Entwick. gesch. nat. syst. fiir europ. Thierw.,

1829, p. 145.

Micromys, Dehn, Hoflôssnitz, 1841; Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H.

(7), XV, p. 491 (1905); Bonhote, B. 275, 1905, 32, D 6210:

109. Apodemus geisha geisha (Thos.).

Micromys geisha, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xv, p. 491

(1905); ibid., P. Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 350. | |

Apodemus geisha, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1908, p. 47.

Nom. JAP. Hime-nezumi.

| Dist. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiushiù (Thomas).

1) Other synonyms of Bandicota tengalensis are as follows (Sclater) :—

Mus deccaensis Tytler, 1854; Mus tarayensis Horsfield, 1855; Mus plurimammis Hors-

field, 1855; Mas morungensis Horsfield, 1855 ; Mus (Nesokia) blythianus Anderson, 1878;

Mus (Nesokia) barclayanus Anderson, 1878.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 307

110. Apodemus geisha celatus (Thos.).

Micromys geisha celatus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 359.

Apodemus geisha celatus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 47.

Dist. Okishima (Thomas).

111. Apodemus geisha hokkaidi (Thos.).

Micromys geisha hokkaidi, Thomas, P.Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 350;

ibid., 1007, p. 412.

Apodemus geisha hokkaidi, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1908, p. 47.

Dist. Hokkaido, Saghalien (Thomas.).

112. Apodemus geisha sagax Thos.

Apodemus geisha sagax, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 54.

Dis'r. Tsushima (Thomas).

113. Apodemus geisha yakui (Thos.).

Micromys geisha yakui, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 362.

Apodemus geisha yakui, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 47.

Dist. Yakushima (Thomas).

114. Apodemus minutus minutus (Pall.).

Mus minutus, Pallas, Nov. Spec., pp. 96, 345 (1779); Barrett-

Hamilton, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), iii, p. 343 (1899); ibid., v, p. 529

(1900).

Apodemus minutus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 54.

Nom. JAP. Kaya-nezumi or Haka-nezumi.

DIST. Siberia (Barret-Hamilton), Tsushima (Thomas).

115. Apodemus minutus japonicus (Thos.).

Micromys minutus japonicus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 351.

Apodemus minutus japonicus, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1908, p. 47.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiüshiü (Thomas).

308 B. AOKI:

116. Apodemus semotus Thos.

Mus Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1864, p. 382.

?Mus badius, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p, 637.

Apodemus semotus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (8), i, p. 447

(1908).

Dist. Central Formosa: Mt. Arizan (Thomas).

117. Apodemus speciosus speciosus (Temm.).

Mus speciosus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 52 (1845).

?Mus argenteus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 51

(1845).

Mus speciosus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 348.

Apodemus speciosus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 53; ibid., ii, p.

641.

Nom. JAP. Yama-nezumi or Chi-nezumi.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiushiù (Thomas).

118. Apodemus speciosus ainu (Thos.).

Micromys speciosus ainu, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 349; ibid.,

1007, D 412.

Apodemus speciosus ainu, Thomas, P. Z.S, 1908, p. 47.

Dist. Hokkaiko (Thomas), Kuril Islands. |

119. Apodemus speciosus giliacus (Thos.).

Micromys speciosus giliacus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1907, p. 411.

Dist. Saghalien (Thomas).

120. Apodemus speciosus navigator (Thos.).

Micromys speciosus navigator, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 358.

Apodemus speciosus navigator, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 47.

Dist. Okishima (Thomas).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 309

Fam. DIPODIDZ.

Sub-Fam. Sicistina.

Gen. Sicista! Gray.

SSL Gray, Grüt. Anim. Kined., p: 228 (1827).

121. Sicista caudata Thos.

Sictsta caudata, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1907, p. 413.

DIST. Saghalien (Thomas).

Per. HYSTRICOMORPHA.

Fam. HYSTRICIDZ.

Gen. Hystrix* Linn.

Hystrix, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 56 (1758); Blanford, Fauna Brit.

Ind. Mamm., p. 441 (1888— 91).

122. Hystrix subcristata? Swinhoe.

SITES ss winnoe 4. 5,1804, p. 378; Allen, Bull. Amer.

Mus. Nat. Hist., xxii, p. 472 (1906).

Hystrix hodgsoni, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 233.

Hystrix subcristata, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 638.

NOM. JAP. Yamaarashi. NOM. ANG. Sub-crested porcupine.

Dist. Hainan, ?Formosa (Swinhoe).

I) Synonymous with Syeizthets Keys. & Blas. 1839. (Thomas).

2) Other synonyms of Gen. Yystrix are as follows (Blanford) :—

Acanthion Cuvier; Acanthocherus Gray.

3) R. Swinhoe says:—‘ The porcupine occurs in Hainan, but in Formosa I have never

detected it. The Taiwanfoo Gazetteer (a Chinese work), however, includes it in its list of

the natural productions of that island” (see P, Z. S., 1870, p. 639).

310 B. AOKI:

Ord. CARNIVORA.

Trunk CARNIVORA FISSIPEDIA.

Sub-Ord. HERPESTOIDEA.!

Fam. FELIDZ.

Gen. Felis? Linn.

Felis, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 41 (1758); Sclater, Cat. Mamm.

Ind. Mus. it, p. 212 (1807):

123. Felis bengalensis Kerr.

Felis bengalensis, Kerr. Anim. Kingd., p. 151 (1792); Blyth, Cat.

p. 60; ibid., P. Z. S., 1863, p. 184; Jerdon, Mamm., p. 105 ; Anderson,

Anat. Zool. Res., p. 164 (1878); Elliot, Monogr. Felidæ, pl. xxi;

Blanford, P. Z. S., 1887, p. 627; ibid., Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 78

(1888—01); Flower, P. Z. S., 1900, p. 325.

Felis chinensis, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1837, i, p. 577; ibid,,

P. Z. S., 1867, pp.274, 400; Swinhoe, 1bid., 1870, 92020.

Nom. ANG. Chinese tiger-cat or Leopard-cat.

Dist. Common in the Himalayas as far west as Simla, Lower

Bengal, Assam, the Burmese and Malayan Countries, S. China, Sumatra,

Java, Borneo and Philippines (Blanford) ; Formosa (Swinhoe).

I) Other synonyms of Subord. Herpestoidea Winge are as follows (Weber) :—

Aeluroidea Flower; Epimycteri cope.

2) Other synonyms of Gen. Zelis are as follows (Sclater) :—

Leo Gray, 1843; Tigris Gray, 1843; Zeopardus Gray, 1843; Caracal Gray, 1843;

Chaus Gray, 1843; Zynchus Gray, 1843; Uncia Gray, 1854; Ailurina Gervais, 1855;

Neofelis Gray, 1867; Catolynx Gray, 1867; Viverriceps Gray, 1867; Serval Gray, 1874;

Pyrofelis Gray, 1874.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 311

124. Felis lynx Linn.

Felis lynx, Linnæus, S. N., (10), p. 43 (1758); Blyth, Cat., p. 64;

Radde, Ost. Siberien, p. 89; Schrenck, Amur. Land, Mamm., p. 87

(i350) = Sevettzoff, Ann. Mag. N. El. (4), xviii; p. 49; Alston, PZ. S.,

2077, 98272 NG 1000, p. 52:5) Rlliot,. Monogr. Felidae; pl. xxxix;

Eu S toot, p. 200; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm.,

p. 89 (1888—91).

Felts isabellina, Blyth, J. ANS. Bi, xvi, p. 1178 (1847); ibid., 'Cat., ®

pe G4 "ibid BZ. S.,/1863; Pi 186-

NOM. JAP. O-yamaneko, Nom. ANG. European lynx.

Dist. Thibet, also throughout Asia north of the Himalayas,

Europe north of the Alps (Blanford) ; Siberia, Saghalien (Schrenck).

125. Felis microtis M.-Edw.

Felis microtis, Milne-Edwards, Rech. Mamm, p. 221, (1872);

Dhomas,bsZ- 5.61908, pi 52.

NOM. JAP.: Yamaneko. NOM. ANG. Wild cat.

Dist. Tsushima, Korea (Thomas).

126. Felis nebulosa Griffith.

Felis nebulosa, Griffith, Carnivora, p. 37 (1821); Blanford, Fauna

Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 72 (1888—g1); Flower, P. Z. S., 1900, p. 324.

Felis macrocelis, Temminck, Horsf. Zool. Journ., i, p. 543 (1825);

Ticker 1222 SB, xt, pa 874,0 Blyth, Mamm. Birds: Burma, p. 27;

Swinhoe, 2215, 1870, Pp» 223,628.

Neofelis macrocelis, Gray, P. Z.S., 1867, p. 266; ibid., Cat., Carn.

Brit. Mus., p. 13 (1869).

Leopardus brachyurus, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1862, p. 352; ibid., 1870,

p. 4; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 72 (1888—91).

Nom. ANG. Clouded tiger or Clouded leopard.

Dist. The S. E. Himalayas, Sikhim, Bhutan, etc., at moderate

elevations, probably not above 7000 ft. It is also found in the Assam

312 B. AOKI:

hills and throughout the hilly parts of Burma, Siam, the Malay

Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo (Blanford). Formosa (Swinhoe).

127. Felis tigris Linn.

Felis tigris, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 41 (1758) ; Raffles, Trans. Linn.

Soc., xiii, p. 249; Sykes, P. Z. S., 1831, p. 102); Elliot, Madras ourn,,

x, p. 104; Cantor; J. An S.B. xv, pP. 243% Horsiteld sate meus.

Mus., p. 43; Blyth, Cat., p. 54; Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 92

(1859); Blyth, P.Z.S. 1863, p. 182% Jerdon, Mamm,. p2 025, Mac=

Master, Notes on Jerdon, pp. 19, 150; Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 626;

Dode, ibid., 1871, p. 480; Stoliczka, JRANS Rx pr 226, co th:

J. A. S. B., xliv, Burma list, p. 27; Blanford, Persia, p. 34; Severtzon,

Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), xviii, p. 49 (1876); Anderson, Anat. Zool.

Res. p. 160 (1878); Elliot, Monogr. Felidæ, no. 3; Sterndale, Mamm.

Ind. p. 161; Inverarity, Journ. Bomb. Soc., iii, p. 143; Thomas, Trans.

Linn. Soc., (2), v, p. 55; Radde, Zool. JB. iv, D. 1009; Anderson,

Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 338; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm.,

p. 58 (1888—g1); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 216 (1891).

Tigris regalis, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 40 (1843); ibid.,

Cat. Hodgs. Coll, Ist'ed. p. 4; Adams, Po Zao, 1858. D'OISE

Cat. Carn. Brit. Mus, p..10 (1869); ibid., P. 225, 1606p: 203:

Nom. JAP. Tora. NOM. ANG. Tiger.

Dist. India, Burma, and other parts of S. E. Asia, Java, Suma-

tra, but not Ceylon, nor it is said, Borneo. The tiger occurs in

suitable localities throghout a great part of Central Asia, and is

found in the Valley of the Amur, the Altai Mountains, around Lob

Nor in E. Turkestan, about the Sea of Aral, on the Murghab near

Herat, on the S. Coast of the Caspian (Hyrcania), and in the Cau-

casus, but not in Tibet, Afganistan, Baluchistan, or Persia south of

the Elburz Mountains on the Caspian (Blanford). Saghalien (Schrenck).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 313

128. Felis uncia Schreb.

Felis uncia, Schreber. Saugeth., iii, p. 386, pl. c (1778); Blyth,

eat „pr soc bid. Er 22521863, p. 183: Jerdon, Mamm, p 101;

Lydekkel, J. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 284; Blanford, Yarkand Mamm., p. 19;

1a], Bersia, pasos Dode E. Z.S, 1871, pr 480; Elliot, Monogr.

Felidæ, no. 4; Sterndale, Mamm. Ind., p. 184; Blanford, Fauna Brit.

Ind. Mamm, p. 71 (1888—g1); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii,

Pi 217 (1801).

Felis pardus, Pallas, Zool. Rosso Asiat., i, p. 17 (1811).

Felis irbis, Ehrenberg, Ann. Sci. Nat., xxxi, p. 394 (1830); Radde,

Ost Siberien, i, p. 104; Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 96 (1859);

Severtzoff, Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), xviii, p. 49 (1876); Milne-Edwards,

Rech. Mamm;, p: 213. |

Leopardus uucia, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 41 (1843) ; ibid.

Cat. Carn. Brit. Mus., p. 9 (1869).

Felis uncioides, Horsfield, Ann. Mag. N. H., 12), xvi, p. 105

(1855).

Nom. ANG. Ounce or Snow-leopard.

Dist. All the high regions of Central Asia, Gilgit, Hunza,

Turkestan, Trans-Baikalia, Persia, W. China (Sclater); Siberia,

Saghalien (Schrenck).

129. Felis viverrina Bennett.

Felis viverrina, Bennett, P. Z. S., 1833, p. 63; Horsfield, Cat. E.

Ind. Mus., p. 49; Blyth, P. Z. S., 1863, p. 184; Jerdon, Mamm., p. 103;

MacMaster, Notes on Jerdon, p. 28; Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 628;

Blythe ANSEB x Buemas EEE p. 27; Atkinson, N. WP.

Leopardus japonensis was described by Gray, J. E. (P. Z. S., 1862, p. 262) as a new

species from a specimen which was said to have come from Japan. Sclater identified that

species with Z2/s pardus Linn. which occurs in Africa, Asia Minor, Persia, Bulchistan,

India, Assum, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and China (see Sclater, Cat.

Mamm. Ind. Mus., 1891, p. 218). I consider it exceedingly doubtful that a leopard was

ever found living wild in this country.

314 B. AOKI:

Gazett., xi, p. 17; Spearman, Burma Gazett., p. 551; Elliot, Monogr.

Felidæ, no. 21; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 28; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind.

Mamm., p. 76 (1888—g1); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 225

(1891).

Felis viverriceps, Hodgson, J. A. S. B, v, p. 232 (1836); Kelaart,

Prodr. Fauna Zeylan., p. 46.

Felis himalayana, Jardine, Nat. Libr. Mamm., ii, p. 230 (1837).

Leopardus viverrinus, Gray, List. Mamm., Brit. Mus., p. 43 (1843).

Leopardus celidogaster, Gray, Cat. Hogs. Coll. Ist ed. p. 6 (1846).

Felis celidogaster, Blyth, Cat., no. 179, p. 61 (1863).

Viverriceps bennettii, Gray, P. Z. S., 1867, p. 268 ; ibid., Cat. Carn.

Brit. Mus., p. 16 (1869).

Nom. ANG. Large tiger-cat or Fishing cat.

Dist. India, Ceylon, Lower Burma, Tenasserim and Formosa

(Sclater).

Fam. VIVERRIDZ.

Sub-Fam. Viverrine.

Gen. Viverricula Hodgs.

Viverricula, Hodgson, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1838, i, p. 152; ibid.

J. A: S. B., x, p. 909) (1841); Gray, P-2,5, 1864, precise bian

Carn. Brit. Mus., p. 47 (1869); Mivart, P. Z.S., 1882, p. 149; ibid,

1885, p. 477; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 100 (1888—0o1).

130. Viverricula malaccensis' (Gmel.).

Viverra malaccensis, Gmelin, Linn., S. N., (13), i, p. 92 (1788);

Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ıst ed. p. 8; Jerdon, Mamm., p. 122; Stern-

dale, Mamm. Ind., p. 211.

1) Other synonyms of Viverricula malaccensis are as follows (Sclater) : —

Viverra leveriana Shaw, 1792; Viverra indica, 18173; Viverra rasse Horsfield, 1842;

Viverra bengalensis Gray, 1832; Viverra pallida Gray, 1832; Viverricula indica Hodgson,

1841.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 315

Viverricula malaccensis, Cantor, J. A. S. B., xv, p. 199 (1846);

Kelaart, Prodr. Fauna Zeylan., p. 37; Blyth, Cat., no. 143, p. 45;

Gray, 722259 MO ip did, Cat Carn. Brit. Mus., p: 47 (1869);

Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1870, pp. 227, 630; Atkinson, N. W. P. Gazett., xi,

pilo Blyth, jo ASS. BB; xliv, Burma List, p. 25; Anderson, Anat.

Zool. Res., p. 166 (1878) ; Spearman, Burma Gazett., p. 548; Thomas, P.

Z.S., 1886, p. 55; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 100 (1888

—g9I); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 238 (1891).

Nom. ANG. Little spotted civet or Small Indian civet.

Dist. Throughout India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma, S. China, Malay

Peninsula, Java, some of Malay Islands (Blanford) ; Formosa (Swinhoe).

Gen. Paradoxurus Cuv.

Paradoxurus, Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., pl. 186 (1821); Blanford,

Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 105 (1888-91); Sclater, Cat. Mamm.

Ind. Mus., ii, p. 242 (1891).

Paema, Gray, PLANS, 1331, pr 95.

Platyschista, Otto, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Caro., xvii, p. 1089

(1835).

131. Paradoxurus larvatus (Temm.),

Gulo larvatus, Temminck, Hamilton-Smith, Griff. Anim. Kingd., ii,

pe 28r (1827).

Viverra larvata, Gray, Spic. Zool., p. 9 (1830).

Pagma larvata, Gray, P. Z.S., 1831, p. 95; ibid., List. Mamm.

Brit us, 1843, D 54; Swinhoe, P- Z.S., 1862, p: 354; Gray, ibid.,

1864, p. 539; ibid., Cat. Carn. Brit. Mus., 1869, p. 72; Swinhoe, P. Z.

Ss) 1870, ps 300% ibid., 1872, Pi 817.

Paradoxurus larvatus, Gray, P. Z.S., 1832, p. 67; ibid., Hard-

wicker’s Ill. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. 11 (1834); Temminck, Monogr. Mamm.,

ii, p. 329, pl. 65, figg. 1— 3 (1835—41) ; Wagner, Supp. Schreb. Säugeth.,

il, p. 351 (1841); Schinz, Syn. Mamm., i, p. 384 (1844); Giebel,

316 B. AOKI:

Säugeth., p. 798; Blanford, P. Z. S., 1885, p. 805.

Pagma larvata var. taivana, P. Z.S., 1862, p. 8.

Nom. ANG. Gem-faced civet.

Dist. China, Formosa (Swinhoe).

Sub-Fam. Herpestinæ.

Gen. Mungos' Geoff. et Cuv.

Mungos, Geoffroy et Cuvier, Mag. Encyclop. ii, (6), 1795, p. 187;

Osilby, B.Z.S, 1836, 2.103.

Herpestes, Iliger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm., p. 135 (1811); Thomas,

P. Z.S. 1882, p. 63; Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 250 (1891).

132. Mungos urva (Hodgs.).

Gulo urva, Hodgson, J. A. S. B., v, p. 238 (1836); MacClelland,

Cale: Journ: AN EI, pre;

Urva cancrivora, Hodgson, J. A.S.B., vi, p. 561 (1837); Gray,

Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 8; Horsheld; Cat End Au:

Blyth, Cat., no. 158, p. 49; Jerdon, Mamm., p. 138; Swinhoe, P. Z. S.,

1870, p. 630; Blyth, J. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, ‘p. 26; Spearman,

Burma Gazett., p. 550.

Mesobema cancrivora, Hodgson, J. A. S. B., x, p. 910 (1841).

Osmetectis fusca, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1842, x, p. 910.

Herpestes urva, Anderson, Anat. Zool. Res., p. 189, pl. ix, figg. 5,

6 (1878) ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 129 (1888—gı) ; Flower,

P.Z.S., 1900, sp esis

Nom. JAP. Kanikui-mangusu. NOM. ANG. Crab-eating mungoose.

Dist. The S. E. Himalayas at low elevations, Assam, Burma, Siam

and S. China (Flower); Formosa.

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Mungos are as follows (Sclater) :—

Ichneumon Tacépède, 1831; Mangusta Olivier, 1829; Urva Hodgson, 1837; Mesobema

Hodgson, 1841; Osmetectis Gray, 1842; Calogale Gray, 1864; Calictis Gray, 1864; Teniogale

Gray, 1864; Cnychogale Gray, 1864. 7

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 317

Sub-Ord. ARCTOIDEA.'

Fam. CANIDZ.

THOOIDEA.

Gen. Canis? Linn.

Canis, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 38 (1758); Blanford, Fauna Brit.

Ind, Mamm., p. 135 (1888—91).

133. Canis alpinus Pall.

Canis alpinus, Pallas, Zool. Rosso Asiat., i, p. 34 (1831); Blyth,

Cat, pass 0 Van.dershloyen, Vern. Kon. Akad. Amster, 1856, ii;

Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm, p. 48 (1859); Radde, Ost Siberien,

p. 60; Severtzoff, Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), xviii, p. 48 (1876).

Cuon alpinus, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1846, xvii, p. 293; Gray,

Cat. Carn. Brit. Mus., p. 184 (1869); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.,

ii, p. 261 (1891).

Dist. Highland of Central Asia, Turkestan, Thibet, Siberia

(Sclater) ; Saghalien (Schrenck).

134. Canis hodophylax Temm.

Canis hodophylax, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p 38

(r844-#ihomas P2>2.5, 1905, il, p. 342.

Nom. JAP. Yama-inu. NOM. ANG. Japanese wolf.

Dist. Hondo (Thomas), China.

135. Canis lupus Linn.

Canis lupus, Linnaeus, Fauna Suec., 3; ibid., S. N., (12), i, p. 58

(1766): Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm., p. 84; Hutton, J. A. S. B., xiv,

1) Sub.-Ord. Arctoidea Winge is synonymous with Arctocyonidae Flower and Hypo-

mycteri Cope.

2) In this catalogue, the following genera are held to be synonymous with Gen, Cazzis :

—Lupus, Cuon and Cyon.

318 B. AOKI:

p. 345; Blyth, Cat, p. 39; Schrench, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 44

(1859); Scully, Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), xviii, p. 48 (1876); Danford,

P. Z.S., 1877; p. 2735 Danford et Alston, PF. Z. 5, 1880, ps ol

Ann. Mag. N. H., (5), viii, p. 224 (1881); Middendorff, Siberische

Reise, ii, pt..ii,, p. 70; Severtzoff, Ann Mages Ne Ha) xviii, p. 48

(1876); Blanford, Persia, p. 37; ibid., Yarkand Mamm., p. 20; Scully,

P.Z.S., 1881, p. 201% ibid., J.2.8.B, vi p: 695 thomas elica as

Linn. Soc., (2), v, p. 57; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 135

(1888—91); Sclater, Cat. Mamm., Ind. Mus., ii, p. 262 (1891); Radde,

Zool. J. B., iv, p. 1017; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist. sex,

p. 166 (1903); Thomas, P.Z.S., 1911, p. 134, Hattay Zool:

Tokyo, xxv, no. 291 (1913).

Lupus vulgaris, Brisson, Regn. Anim., p. 235 (1758); Smith, Jard.

Nat. Libr., ix, p. 148 (1839) ; Gray, PZ SJ 1863, tp Son; ibi

Carn. Brit. Mus., p. 186 (1869).

Nom. JAP. Okami. Nom. ANG. European wolf.

Dist. Throughout Palæarctic region, extending in to Baluchistan,

W. Sind, and probably into N. Punjab (Blanford) ; Amur region and

Saghalien (Schrenck) ; absolutely rare in Hokkaido (Hatta).

Gen. Nyctereutes Temm.

Nyctereutes, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm, 1844, p. 4I

(Subgen.)

136. Nyctereutes albus Beard.

Nyctereutes albus, Beard, Sci. Amer. 1904, p. 237; Thomas, P. Z.

S 1905, il, passe:

Dist. ?Hokkaidö (Thomas).

137. Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray).

Canis procyonoides, Gray, Hardwicker's Ill. Ind. Zool. ii, pl. i,

(1833); Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 53 (1859), Sclater, Cat.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 319

Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 266 (1891).

Canis (Nyctereutes) viverrinus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm.,

p. 40 (1844); Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 53 (1859).

Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 62

(1843); Gerrard, Cat. Bones. Mamm, p. 89; Thomas, P. Z.S. 1907,

p. 464.

Nyctereutes viverrinus, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 343.

Nom. JAP. Tanuki or Muzina. Nom. ANG. Racoon-like dog.

Dist. E. Asia from Amur Land to Canto, Japan: Hondo,

Shikoku, Kiüshiü and Hokkaido, but not Formosa (Sclater).

ALOPECOIDEA.

Gen. Vulpes Briss.

Vulpes, Brisson, Regn. Anim., 1758; Huxley, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 286 ;

Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 147 (1888—91); Sclater, Cat.

Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 267 (1891)

Cynalopex, Smith, Jard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 222 (1839).

138. Vulpes japonicus Gray.

?Canis vulpes, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 39 (1844).

Vulpes japonicus, Gray, P. Z.S., 1868, p. 517; ibid., Cat. Carn.

Brit, Mus., p. 204 (1869); Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm., p. 86.

Nom. JAP. Kitsune. NOM. ANG. Japanese fox.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiüshiü and Hokkaido.

139. Vulpes lagopus (Linn.).

Canis lagopus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 40 (1758); Pallas, Zool.

Rosso Asiat., i, p. 51 (1811); Blainville, Ostéogr., t. 5 (skull); Sclater,

Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 264 (1891).

Canis (Vulpes) lagopus, Richardson, Fauna B. Amer., i, p. 83,

(1829).

320 B. AOKI:

Vulpes lagopus, Audubon et Bachman, N. Amer. Quadr., iii, t.

122; Baird, Mamm. N. Amer., 137.

Leucocyon lagopus, Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 521.

Nom. JAP. Hokkiyoku-gitsune. NOM. ANG. Arctic fox.

DIST. Arctic region of both continents (Sclater).

140. Vulpes pennsylvanicus argentatus (Shaw).

Canis argentatus, Shaw, Zool., i, p. 328.

Vulpes pennsylvanica var argentata, Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 518.

Nom. JAP. Kuro-gitsune. NOM. ANG. Black fox or Silver fox.

Dist. N. America (Gray), Kuril Islands.

141. Vulpes pennsylvanicus decussatus (Geoff.).

Canis decussatus, Geoffroy, Mus. Par. ; Desmarest, Mamm., p. 203.

Vulpes pennsylvanica var. decussata, Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 518.

Nom. JAP. Ziuji-gitsune. NOM. ANG. Cross fox.

Dist. N. America (Gray); Hokkaido, Kuril Islands.

142. Vulpes pennsylvanicus fulvus (Rich.).

Canis fulvus, Richardson, Fauna B. Amer., p. 93 (1829); Audubon

et Bachman, N. Amer. Quadr., ‘ii, pp. 263, 414, tt. 87, 116, ibid. u,

p. 70; Desmarest, Mamm., 203.

Vulpes fulvus, Baird, N. Amer. Mamm., p. 123; Gerrard, Cat.

Bones Mamm., p. 58.

Vulpes pennsylvanica var. fulva, Gray, P. Z.S., 1868, p. 518.

Nom. JAP. Beni-gitsune. NOM. ANG. Red fox.

Dist. N. America (Gray); Hokkaido, Kuril Islands.

Fam. URSIDÆ.

Gen. Ursus Linn.

Ursus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 47 (1758); Mivart, P.Z.S., 1885,

p. 389; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 193 (1888—91).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 321

Helarctos, Horsfield, Zool. Journ., ii, p. 221 (1826).

143. Ursus arctos Linn.

Ursus arctos, Linnæus, S. N., (10), p. 47 (1758) ; Blyth, Cat., no. 223,

p. 75; Radde, Ost Siberien, i, p. 1; Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 8

(Sto) zANlston, a3 2. 5.,.1877, p 2755 Günther, P. Z.S.; 1880, p. 442.

Ursus pyrenaicus, Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr., xlii (1824).

Ursus collaris, Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr., xlii (1824).

Ursus ferox, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 29 (1844).

Ursus arctus yesoensis, Lydekker, P. Z.S., 1897, p. 422.

NOM. Jar. Hi-guma. NOM. ANG. Brown bear.

Dist. Europe, N. Asia, Asia Minor: northern part, Amur region,

Hokkaido and Kuril Islands (Sclater).

144, Ursus japonicus Schlegel.

Ursus tibetanus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., 1844, p. 29

(nec Cuv.).

Ursus japonicus, Schlegel, Hand]. Beoefning Dierk., i, p. 42 (1857);

Sclatemie. 215. 1862, ap. 200; Gray, ‘Cat. Carn. Brit, Mus.,p; 227

(1869); Günther, P. Z.S., 1880, p. 442; Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind.

Mus., ii, p. 305 (1891).

Nom. JAP. Tsukinowa-guma. NOM. ANG. Japanese black bear.

Dist. Japan: Hondo.

145. Ursus tibetanus Cuv.

Ursus tibetanus (=thibetanus), Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr., xli

(1824); ibid., Ossemens Foss., 3rd ed. iv, p. 325; Blyth, Cat. no. 225,

p. 76; Jerdon, Mamm., p. 70; Atkinson, N. W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 10;

Jydekker, J: AxSyB xiu, pE 2, p.285; Swinhoe, P. Z. S 1870, pp.

230, 621; Anderson, Anat. Zool. Res. introd., p. xxi (1878); Murray,

Zool. Sind, p. 39; ibid., Ann. Mag. N.H., (5), xiv, p. 98; Kinloch,

Large game-shooting, i, p. 49.

322 B. AOKI:

Helarctos malayanus, Hodgson, J. A. 5. B., i, p. 340 (1832).

Ursus torquatus, \Vagner, Supp. Schreb. Säugeth., ii, p. 144, pl.

141, d, (1841); ibid., Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 570; Gray, Cat. Carn.

Brit. Mus., p. 225 (1869); Blanford, J. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 320; Sterndale,

Mamm. Ind., p. 113; Blanford, Pauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 197 (1888—

91); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 303 (1891).

Ursus ferrox, Robinson, Assam, p. 96 (1841).

Flelarctos tibetanus, Gray, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 73 (1843);

ibid., Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed. p. 15; Horsfield, Cat. E. Ind. Mus.,

p. 122; Adams, P. Z.S., 1858, p. 518; Swinhoe, ibid., 1862, p. 351.

Ursus formosanus (formosianus by Sclater’s Cat.), Swinhoe, P. Z.

Da 18647 Pi 380:

Ursus gedrosianus, Blanford, J. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 317 (1877); ibid.,

PAG Seis D: AM(1379):

Nom. JAP. Himalaya-guma. NOM. ANG. Himaiayan black bear.

Dist. Throughout the forest regions of the Hymalayas, extending

westward through parts of Afganistan into Baluchistan and Khirther

range on the western frontier of Sind. ‘The western limits are about

the frontier of Persia. Assam, S. China, Hainan and Formosa (Blanford).

Fam. MUSTELIDA.

Sub-Fam. Mustelina.

Gen. Mustela Linn.

Mustela, Linnaeus, S. N. (10), 1758, p. 45 (pars); Alston, P. Z.

S., 1899, p. 468; Thomas, ibid., I91I, p. 138.

Putorius, Cuvier, Règne Anim., Ist ed. 1817, i, p. 147 (Subgen.) ;

Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, 1820 (full gen.); Mivart, P. Z.S., 1885, p.

379; Blanford, ibid., 1887, p. 636; ibid., Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm.,

p. 162 (1888—91).

Fetorius, Keyserling et Blasius, Wirbelth. Europ., p. 21 (1840).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 323

Vison, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 64 (1843).

Gymnepus, Gray, P. Z.S., p. 118 (1865).

146. Mustela erminea Linn.

Mustela erminea, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 46 (1758); Hodgson, J.

MESSI. 504 ibid. x, p. 909; Ibid., xi, p. 280.7 Gray, Cat. Hodps.

follsustted pus Adams, Pr Z. 5. 1858, |p. 1517; Blyth,SCät., no.

201, p. 68; Radde, Ost Siberiens, p. 52; Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, p. 157;

Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm., p. 93; Pallas, Zool. Rosso Asiat., i, p. 90;

Button, tee Nye vi, tt: 20,5, 2 4021 (Gray, (Ps Za S., 1865, pi LLY:

Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 40 (1859); Gray, Cat. Carn, Brit.

Mus., pP. 88 (1869); Severtzoff, Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), xviii, p: 45

(1876); Brauns, Jena. Zeit. Zool., xvii, p. 454; Blanford, Yarkand

Mamm., p.. 32.

Putorius erminea, Owen, Brit. Foss. Mamm., p. 116 (skull);

Griffith, Anim. Kingd., v, p. 122 (1827); Coues, Fur-bearing Animals

N. Amer., p. 109; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 165 (1888—

91); Sclater, Cat. Mamm., Ind. Mus., ii, p. 278 (1891).

Mustela cicognani, Bonaparte, Charlesw. Mag. N. H., ii, p. 37 (1838).

Mustela richardsoni, Bonaparte, Charlesw. Mag. N. H., ii, p. 38

(1838).

Fetorius erminea, Keyserling et Blasius, Wirbelth. Europ., p. 69

(1840) ; Blasius, Säugeth. Deutschl., p. 228.

Putorius noveboracensis, Dekay, N. Y. Zool., p. 36, pl. xxii (1842).

Mustela fusca, Audubon et Bachman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philad., viii, pt. 2, p. 288 (1842).

Putorius agilis, Audubon et Bachman, N. Amer. Quadr., iii, p.

184 (1853).

Putorius kanet, Baird, N. Amer. Mamm., p. 172 (1857).

Putorius (Arctogale) ermineus, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

xix, p. 174 (1903).

Nom. JAP. Ezo-itachi or Okojo. Nom. ANG. Ermine or Stoat.

324 B. AOKI:

DIST. Throughout the Palearctic region as far as the Alps and

Himalayas (Blanford); Japan: N. Hondo, Hokkaido and Saghalien.

147. Mustela itatsi Temm.

Putorius sibericus, Selater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, 1891, p. 282

(pars).

Mustela itatsi, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 34 (1844).

Putorius ttatsi, Thomas, P. Z.S, 1905, ii, p. 343.

Nom. JAP. Itachi... NOM. ANG. Japanese mink.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiüshiü (Thomas), Hokkaido : Hakodate.

148. Mustela sibirica Pall.

Mustela sibirica, Pallas, Spic. Zool., xiv, p. 86 (1780); Gray, List

Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 66 (1843); Blyth, Cat. no., 200, p. 68; Radde,

Ost Siberiens, i, p. 45; Swinhoe, Zoologist, 1858, p. 6223; Schrenck,

Amur Land, Mamm, p. 37 (1859); Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm., p.

94, Swinhoe, P. Zo 571870, pie2ds

Putorius sibericus, Hamilton-Smith, Griff. Anim. Kingd., v, p. 122

(1827); Coues, Fur-bearing Anim. N. Amer., p. 171; Sclater, Cat.

Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 282 (1891).

Vison sibirica, Gray, P. Z.S., 1865, p. 117.

Putorius sibiricus, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1906, ii, p. 861; ibid., 1907,

il, P..464-

Lutreola sibirica, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 53.

Nom. ANG. Red house-stoat or mink.

DIST. Siberia generally, Amur Land (Schrenck) ; Japan: Tsushima

(Thomas) ; China, Formosa (Swinhoe).

149. Mustela vulgaris Briss.

Mustela vulgaris, Brisson, Regn. Anim., p. 241 (1758); Erxleben,

Syst. Regne Anim., p. 471 (1777); Blyth, Cat., no. 204, p. 69; Blainville

Ostéogr. Mustela, t. 7 (skull), t. 13 (teeth); Nilsson, Skand. Fauna,

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 325

p. 163; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm., p. 93; Schrenck, Amur Land,

D 41 (1850) Gray, P2Z.S, 1865, pP. 113.

Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus, S. N., (12), i, p. 69 (1766); Radde, Ost

Siberiens, p. 53; Sch.enck, Amur. Land, Mamm., p. 40 (1859) ; Brauns,

Jena, Zeit. Zool., xvii, p. 452.

Putorius vulgaris, Hamilton-Smith, Griff. Anim, Kingd., v, p. 121

(1827); Coues, Fur-bearing Anim. N. Amer., p. 102; Sclater, Cat.,

Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 279 (1891).

Mustela gale, Pallas, Zool. Rosso Asiat., i, p. 94 (1834).

Fetorius vulgaris, Keyserling et Blasius, Wirbelth. Europ., p. 69

(1840); Blsius, Säugeth. Deutschl., p. 231.

Mustela pusilla, Dekay, N. Y. Zool., p. 34 (1842); Blyth, Cat,

no. 205, p. 60.

Putorius pusillus, Audubon et Bachman, N. Amer. Quadr., ii,

p. 100 (1851).

Nom. JAP. Ko-ezo-itachi. NOM. ANG. Weasel.

Dist. N. Europe, America: northern States and Canada, Asia:

Siberia, Amur region, Hakkaido (Sclater); Kuril islands.

Gen. Martes Nilss.

Mustela, Linnæus, S. N., (10), 1758, p. 45 (pars); Cuvier, Règne

Anim., 1817 (Subgen.) ; Blanford, P. Z.S., 1887, p. 636; ibid., Fauna

Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 157 (1888—01).

Martes, Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, i, 1820, p. 41 (definitely constituted

mio Sein; istoni: Ze 5,21879, D 405, Mivart, P.Z.S.,\ 1885, p.

276: Thomas, Ba Z4S vor, pi 138:

150. Martes flavigula xanthospila Swinhoe.

?Martes chrysospila, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. N. H, (3), xviii, p. 286

(1866).

Martes flavigula var. xanthospila, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870,

Di, 623.

326 B. AOKI:

Martes flavigula xanthospila, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), vii,

P. 347 (1901).

Nom. ANG. Yellow-necked marten.

Dist. Formosa (Swinhoe).

151. Martes melampus melampus (Temm.).

Mustela melampus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 31

(1844); Thomas; P. Z. S.,-1905;.1L5p. 343.

Martes japonica, ‘Gray, P. Z.S., 1865, p. 104 ; ıbid., Cat) Carn:

Brit. Mus., p. 82 (1869).

Martes (Melampus) melanopus, Gray, C. L. Brit. Mus., p. 63;

Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm., p. gr.

Martes melanopus, Gray, P. Z. S., 1865, p. 105.

Nom. JAP. Ki-ten. NOM. ANG. Japanese yellow marten.

Dist. Kiüshiü (Thomas); Hondo.

152. Martes melampus bedfordi (Thos.).

Mustela melampus bedfordi, Thomas, Abstr, P. Z. S., no. 21,

p. 10, June 13, 1905 ; ibid., PiZaS., 190% pp 6757)

Nom. JAP. Ten. Nom. ANG. Japanese marten.

Dist. Hondo (Thomas).

153. Martes melampus tsuensis (Thos.).

Mustela melampus tsuensis, Thomas, Ann. Mag. N. H., (6), xix,

p. 161 (1897).

Martes melampus tsuensis, Thomas, P. Z. S., 1908, p. 52.

Dist. Tsushima (Thomas).

154. Martes zibellina (Linn.).

Mustela zibellina, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 46 (1758); Radde, Ost

1) O. Thomas says:—“ Martes japonica is the summer form of Martes melampus.

see B. Zu Si, 1005, 1, D 380)

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 327

Siberien, 1, p. 29; Schrenek, Amur Land, Mamm,, p: 27 (1850);

Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 276 (1891); Allen, Bull. Amer.

Mus. Nat. Hist., xix, p: 173, (1903).

?Mustela brachyura,' Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 33

(1844).

Martes zibellina, Gray, P. Z. S., 1865, p. 105; ibid., Cat. Carn.

Brit. Mus., p. 83 (1869); Blyth, Cat., no. 195, p. 66; Thomas, P. Z. S.,

VOLI, P. 130.

Nom. JAP. ?Ezo-ten. NOM. ANG. Sable.

Dist. N. Europe, N. Asia, Thibet, Amur region, Saghalien (Sclater);

?Hokkaido (Schrenck).

Gen. Gulo Storr.

Gulo, Storr, Prodr. Meth. Mamm., p. 34 (1780); Mivart, P. Z. S.,

1835, p. 381.

155. Gulo gulo (Linn...

Mustela gulo, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 45 (1758).

Taxus gulo, Tiedemann, Zool., i, p. 377 (1808); Fischer, Syn.

Mamm., p. 154; Middendorf, N. u. O. Siber., p. 4; Schrenck, Amur

Land, Mamm., p. 24 (1859).

Gulo borealis, Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, p. 139 (1829); Gray, P. Z.

Si 1865,5P. 120.

Gulo luscus, Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, 1891, p. 283 (pars,

nec Ursus luscus Linn.)

Nom. ANG. Glutton or Wolverene.

Dist. Northern parts of Europe and Asia, Saghalien (Schrenck).

1) L. Schrenck says :—“ Mustela brachyura of Temmincklis either identical or short

tailed variety of Martes zibellina” (see Amur Land).

328 B. AOKI:

Sub-Fam. Meline.

Gen. Meles Storr.

Meles, Storr, Prodr. Meth. Mamm., p. 34 (1780).

156. Meles anakuma Temm.

Meles anakuma, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 30 (1844) ;

Thomas, P. Z. S., 1905, ii, p. 344.

Meles ankuma (misprint), Gray, P. Z. S., 1853, p. 191; ibid., 1865,

p. 140; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm., p. 99. |

Meles taxus var., Middendorf, N. u. O. Siber.

Nom. JAP. Anaguma. NOM. ANG. Japanese badger.

Dist. Shikoku, Kiüshiü (Thomas); Hondo, Hokkaido.

Gen. Helictis Gray.

Helictts, Gray, ESS 183 tap Or

Melogale, Geoffroy, Voy. aux Indes Orient. Belanger, p. 129

(1834).

157. Helictis subaurantiaca Swinhoe.

Helictis subaurantiaca, Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1862, p. 355; Gray,

ibid., 1865, p. 153; ibid., Cat. Carn. Brit. Mus., p. 142 (1869); Swinhoe,

E. 2255, 1070, p. 022;

Nom. ANG. Orange-tinted tree-civet.

Dist. Formosa (Swinhoe).

Sub-Fam. Lutrine.

Gen. Lutra Erxl.

Lutra, Erxleben, Syst. Règne Anim., p. 445 (1777); Mivart,

P. Z. S, 1885, p. 383; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 181

(1888—91); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 291 (1891).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 329

Aonyx, Lesson, Monogr. Mamm., p. 157 (1827).

Lataxina, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 70 (1843).

Barangia, Gray, P. Z.S., 1865, p. 123.

158. Lutra lutra lutra! (Linn.).

Mustela lutra, Linnæus, S. N., (10), p. 45 (1758).

Lutra vulgaris, Erxleben, Syst. Règne Anim., p. 448 (1777);

Keyserling et Blasius, Wirbelth. Europ., p. 121 (1840); Gray, List

Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 70 (1843); Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm.

p. 35 (1844); Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, p. 175; Bell, Brit. Quadrup.,

pi 120: Owen, Brit. Foss. Mamm., p. 1195 ibid., Odont., p. 128;

Blainville, Osteogr. Mustela, pp. 5, 8, 13; Middendorf, Siberische

Reise, ii, pt. ii, p. 70; Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 42 (1859);

Radde, Ost Siberien, i, p. 54; Kelaart, Prodr. Fauna Zeylan., p. 35;

Blyth, Cate mie, 216, pP 73; Jerdon, Mamm., p. 88; Gray, P. Z.S.,

1865, ps 1207 1bid., ‘Cat: Carn. Brit: Mus., p. 103 (1860); Gerrard, Cat.

Bones Mamm., p. 100; Severtzoff, Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), xviii, p. 48

(1376) Blantord, Persia, p. 43; ibid., J. AS. B., xlvi,'p. 324; Danford,

ES. 8772100275, Aston be 7.8.1897, Ps 275 > ibid., 1880, D: 54.5

Evdebker T'AS By xlix, pP 6; Scully we. 235; 1881, pi 2035 1bid.;

Ann. Mag. N.H., (5), viii, p. 97 (1881); Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind.

Mamm., p. 182 (1888—91); Thomas, P. Z. S., 1889, p. 195; Sclater,

Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 292 (1891); Radde, Zool. J. B., iv, p.

1022; Flower, Pi 2. 5.,,1900, p 334.

Lutronectes wluteleyi” Grey, P. Z.S., 1867, p. 181; ibid., Cat.

Carn. Brit. Mus,, p. 107 (1869); Thomas, P. Z. S.,. 1905, ii, p. 335.

Nom. JAP. Kawauso. NOM. ANG. Common otter.

1) Other synonyms of Zutra lutra lutra are as follows (Sclater) :—

Viverra lutra Pallas, 1831: Zutra roensis Ogilby, 1834; Zutra nudipes Melchior, 18 34;

Lutra indica Gray, 1837; Lutra monticolus Hodgson, 1839; Zutra monticola Blyth, 1842;

Zutra kutab Schinz, 1844.

2) O. Thomas says: “ This new genous and species was based on young specimens of

the Japanese otter.”

330 B. AOKI:

Dist. The typical variety is found throughout the Palzarctic

region from England to Japan, it extends in the Himalayas from

Gilgit to the Brahmapootra, at elevations of from 4,000 to 12,000 ft.

(Sclater).

159. Lutra lutra chinensis Gray.

Lutra chinensis, Gray, Charlesw. Mag. N. H., 1837, p. 580; ibid.,

List Mamm. Brit. Mus, p. 71 (1843); Tyler, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1854,

p. 772; Horsfield, ibid., 1856, xvi, (p. 1003), Dylenm ab. 7753008015

p. 399; Gray, ibid., 1865, p. 126; ibid., Cat. Carn. Brit. Mus., p. 104

(1869); Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 624; Anderson, Anat. Zool. Res.,

p. 211 (1878).

Lutra nair, Swinhoe (nec Cuv.), P. Z.S., 1861, p. 390.

Dist. S. China, Formosa (Swinhoe).

Gen. Enhydra Fleming.

Enhydra, Fleming, Philos. Zool., ii, p. 187 (1822).

160. Enhydra lutris (Linn.).

Mustela lutris, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 45 (1758).

Lutra marina, Erxleben, Syst. Règne Anim., p. 445 (1777).

Pusa orientalis, Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., iii, p. 986 (1816).

Lutra lutris, Lesson, Monogr. Mamm., p. 155 (1827).

Lutra stelleri, Lesson, Monogr. Mamm., p. 156 (1827).

Enhydris stelleri, Fischer, Syn. Mamm., p. 229 (1829).

Phoca lutris, Pallas, Zool. Rosso Asiat., p. 100 (1831).

Latax marina, Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., p. 71 (1842).

Enhydra lutris, Dekay, N. Y. Zool., p. 41 (1842); Coues, Fur-

bearing Anim. N. Amer., p. 326; Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii,

pP. 297 (1891).

Enydris marina, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 35 (1844).

Enhydris marina, Hempr., Licht. Darst. Säugeth., t., p. 19; Evers-

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 331

man, Reise um die Erde, t., pp. 11, 12; Schrenck, Amur Land,

Mamm., p. 43 (1859); Gray, P.Z.S, 1865, p. 136; ibid., Cat. Carn.

Brit. Mus., p. 119 (1869).

Zatax Iris, Ehomas, P. Z. S., 1011; p: 138.

NON. JAP. Rakko. NOM. ANG. Sea-otter.

Dist. Shores of N. Pacific, north of 50°, extending on the

American side as far south as Lower California (Sclater).

Trunk CARNIVORA PINNIPEDIA.

Fam. OTARIIDÆ.

Gen. Eumetopias Gill.

Eumetopias Gill, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 7, p. 11 (1866).

161. Eumetopias stelleri (Lesson).

Otaria stelleri, Lesson, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., xiii, p. 420 (1828);

Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm.-Marins, p. 10 (1844).

Eumetopias stelleri, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., (3), xviii, p. 233

(1866).

Nom. JAP. Ashika. Nom. ANG. Stellar’s sea-lion.

Gen. Callorhinus Gray.

Callorhinus, Gray, P. Z.S., 1859, p. 359.

162. Caliorhinus ursinus (Linn.).

Phoca ursina, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 37 (1758).

Otaria ursina, Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 189 (1859).

Callorhinus ursinus, Gray, P. Z. S., 1859, p. 359; Giinther, ibid.,

1880, p. 443; Thomas, ibid., 1911, p. 133.

Nom. JAP. Ottosei. Nom. ANG. Northern fur-seal or sea-bear.

332 B. AOKI:

Fam. ODOBENIDZ.

Gen. Odobenus Briss.

Odobenus, Brisson, Regn. Anim., 1758.

Trichechus, Linnæus, S. N., (12), i, p. 48 (1766).

163. Odobenus rosmarus (Linn.).

Phoca rosmarus, Linnæus, S. N., (10), p. 38 (1758).

Trichechus rosmarus, Linnæus, S. N., (12), i, p. 49 (1766) ; Schrenck,

Amur Land, Mamm., p. 179 (1859).

Odobenus rosmarus, Malmgren, Ofver. K. Vet. Akad. Forh., 1863

(1864), pp. 130, 505.

Odobenus rosmarus, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1911, p. 134.

Nom. JAP. Seiuchi. NOM. ANG. Atlantic walrus.

Fam, PHOCIDÆ.

Gen. Phoca Linn.

Phoca, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 37 (1758).

164. Phoca vitulina Linn.

Phoca vitulina, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 38 (1758).

Phoca nummularis, Temminck, Fauna Japonia, Mamm.-Marins,

p. 13 (1844); Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 180 (1859).

Nom. Jar. Azarashi. NOM. ANG. Harbor-seal.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND -FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 333

Ord. CETACEA.

Sub-Ord. MYSTACOCETI.

Fam. BALZENIDZ.

Gen. Balana Linn.

Balends lunnzus, SN (10), pP. 75 (1758).

165. Balena australis Desmoulius.

Balena australis, Desmoulius, Dict. Class. H. N., ii, p. 161 (1822) ;

Blyth; Jon. ob. <xvill, p- 4885 ibid’; Cat, no. 200, p, 04; Schrenck,

Amur Land, Mamm., p. 193, (1859); Flower, P. Z.S., 1864, p. 390;

ibid., List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 1.

Nom. JAP. Semi-kuzira. Nom. ANG. Southern right-whale.

Fam. RHACHIANECTIDZ.

Gen. Rhachianectes Cope.

Rhachianectes, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1869, p. 14.

166. Rhachianectes glaucus Cope.

Rhachianectes glancus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1860,

PP. 17, 40.

Nom. Jar. Ko-kuzira. NOM. ANG. Carifornian gray whale.

-Fam. BALÆNOPTERIDÆ.

Gen. Megaptera Gray,

Magaptera, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, p. 16 (1846).

334 B. AOKI:

167. Megaptera longimana Rudolphi.

Megaptera longimana, Rudolphi, Abh. Ak. Berlin, 1829, p. 133;

True, P. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxi, 10451603, p.1035 11600):

Balena antarctica, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm.-Marins,

p. 18 (1844).

Balenoptera longimana, Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 192

(1859).

Megaptera kuzira, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1870, p. 652.

Nom. JAP. Zato-kuzira. NOM. ANG. Humpback-whale.

Gen. Balanoptera Lacépède.

Balenoptera Lacépède, Hist. Nat. Cétecèes, p. xxxvi, (1804);

Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 566 (1888—g1).

168. Balænoptera musculus (Linn.).

Balena musculus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 76 (1758).

Balenoptera sibbaldti, Gray, P. Z. S., 1847, p. 92; Reinhardt,

Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), ii, p. 323 (1868).

Balenoptera musculus, True, P. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, no. 1163,

p. 629 (1898); Thomas, P. Z. S., IQII, p.. 156.

Nom. JAP. ?Iwashi-kuzira. NOM. ANG. Sibbald’s rorqual.

169. Balænoptera swinhoii Gray.

Balenoptera swinhoti, Gray, P.Z.S., 1865, p. 725; ibid., Ann.

Mag. N. H., (3), xvi, p. 146 (1865); Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1870, pp. 231,

652.

Nom. ANG. Swinhoe’s fin-whale.

Gen. Sibbaldius Flower.

Sibbaldius, Flower, P. Z.S., 1864, p. 392.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 335

170. Sibbaldius sulphureus (Cope).

Sibbaldius sulphureus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1869,

PP. 10, 10.

Nom, JAP. Nagasu-kuzira. NOM. ANG. Sulphur-bottom whale.

Sub-Ord. ODONTOCETI.

Fam. PHYSETERIDE.

Sub-Fam. Physeterina.

Gen. Physeter Linn.

Physeter, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 76 (1858); Blanford, Fauna

Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 570 (1888— 91).

171. Physeter macrocephalus Linn.

Physeter macrocephalus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 76 (1758); Blyth,

je nero Sexi pr 452; ibid, Cat: no, 2875 p: 93:3) Flower, Trans.

Zool, Soc., vi, p. 309, pls. lv, lvi; ibid., List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 8;

Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 571 (1888—g1); Sclater, Cat.

Mamm. Ind Mus... p- 314 (1890); Thomas, P: Z.S., 1911:-p. 157.

Nom. JAP. Makko-kuzira. NOM. ANG. Cachalot or Sperm-whale.

Sub-Fam. Ziphiina.

Gen. Ziphius Cuv.

Ziphius, Cuvier, Ossemens Foss., 2nd ed., v, p. 352 (1823).

172. Ziphius cavirostris Cuv.

Ziphius cavirostris, Cuvier, Ossemens Foss., 2nd, ed., v, p. 352

(1823).

Nom. JAP. ?Akabö-kuzira.

336 B. AOKI:

Gen. Berardius Duvernoy.

Berardius, Duvernoy, Ann. Sci. Nat., (3), Zool., xv, p. 41 (Ss).

173. Berardius bairdii Stejneger.

Berardius bairdii, Steineger, P, U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, p. 75 (1883).

Nom. JAP. Tsuchi-kuzira.

Fam. DELPHINIDZ.

Sub-Fam. Phocenine.

Gen. Phoceena Cuv.

Phocena, Cuvier, Règne Anim. i, p. 279 (1817); Flower, P. Z. S.,

1883, p. 505; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm,, p. 574 (1888—91).

174. Phocæna phocæna (Linn.).

Delphinus phocena, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 77 (1758).

Phocena communis, Lesson, Monogr. Mamm., p. 413 (1827) ; Blyth,

Cat. np:.271, pi88 Flower, PZ. S., 19883, pP. 505. abıde lst etacea

Brit. Mus., p. 15; Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 317 (1891).

NOM. JAP. Nezumi-iruka. NOM. ANG, Harbor-porpoise.

175. Phocæna phocænoides Cuv.

Phocena phocenoides, Cuvier, Règne Anim., i, p. 291 (1817);

Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 574 (1888—o1).

Delphinus melas, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm.-Marins, 1844,

p. 14 (nec Traill, 1809.)

Nom. JAP. Sunameri. NOM. ANG. Little Indian porpoise.

Gen. Phocanoides Andrews.

Phocenotdes, Andrews, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxx, p. 31

(1911).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 337

176. Phocænoides truei Andrews.

Phocenoides truet, Andrews, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxx,

p32 (1071):

Sub-Fam. Delphinine.

Gen. Globicephalus Lesson.

Globicephalus, Lesson, Tabl. Regn, Anim., p. 200 (1842); Gray,

Zool. Erebus and Terror, p. 32 (1846); Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind.

Mamm., p. 577 (1888—a1).

Globiceps, Flower, P. S. Z., 1883, p. 508.

177. Globicephalus melas (Traill).

Delphinus melas, Traill, Nichol. Journ., xxii, p. 81 (1809).

Delphinus globiceps, Cuvier, Ann. Mus, Paris., xix, p. 14, pl. 1

(1812); Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm.-Marins, p. 17 (1844).

Globicephalus svineval, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, p. 32 (1846).

Globicephalus deductor, Blyth, Cat., no. 273, p. 89 (1863).

Globicephalus melas, Flower, List Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 19 (1885) ;

Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 319 (1891).

178. Globicephalus sieboldii Gray.

Delphinus globiceps, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm.-Marins,

t. 27 (young).

Globicephalus sieboldii, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, p. 32

(1846); Gray, Cat. Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 90 (1850).

Nom. JAP. Gondo-kuzira. NOM. ANG. Pilot-whale.

Gen. Orca Gray.

Orca, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, p. 33 (1846).

338 B. AOKT:

179. Orca orca (Linn.).

Delphinus orca, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 77 (1758).

Delphinus gladiator, Bonnaterre, Cét., pp. 22, 23 (1789); Lacépède,

Hist. Nat. Cétacées, p. 302 (1804).

Grampus sakamata, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, p. 31 (1846).

Nom. JAP. Sakamata or Shachi. Nom. ANG. Killer or Grampus.

Gen. Grampus Gray.

Grampus, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, p. 30 (1846); Flower,

P.Z<S.; 1883, p: 510.

180. Grampus griseus (Cuv.).

Delphinus griseus, Cuvier, Ann. Mus. Paris, xix, p. 14 (1812).

Grampus sakamata, Gervais, Ostéographie Cétacés (1880).

Nom. ANG. Risso’s dolphin.

Gen. Lagenorhynchus Gray.

Lagenorhynchus, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, p. 35 (1846);

Flower, P. Z.S., 1883, p. 489; Blanford, Fauna. Brit. Ind. Mamm.,

p. 579 (1888-—91).

181. Lagenorhynchus acutus (Gray).

Delphinus acutus, Gray, Spic. Zool., i, p. 2 (1828).

Delphiuus eschrichtii, Schlegel, Abhan. Gebiet. Zool., i, p. 23, pls.

i, ii, fig. 4, iv, fig. 5 (1841).

Delphinus leucopleurus, Rasch, Nyt. Mag. Naturvidens, iv, p. 97,

pls. ii, iii (1843).

Lagenorhynchus leucopleurus, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, p.

34.(1846); Blyth, Cat; me: 281, pr or.

Leucopleurus arcticus, Gray, Supp. Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 78

(1871).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 339

Lagenorhynchus acutus, Flower, P. Z.S., 1883, p. 511; ibid., List

Cetacea Brit. Mus., p. 23 (1885); Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., p. 321

(1891).

Nom. JAP. Kama-iruka. NOM. ANG. Bay-porpoise.

Gen. Prodelphinus van Beneden et Gervais.

Prodelphinus van Beneden et Gervais, Ostéographie Cétacés,

p. 604 (1880).

182. Prodelphinus longirostris (Gray).

Delphinus longirostris, Gray, Spic. Zool., i, p. 1 (1828); Cuvier,

Regn. Anim., 2nd ed., p. 228 (1829); Temminck, Fauna Japonica,

Mamm.-Marins, p. 13 (1844).

Prodelphinus longirostris, van Beneden et Gervais, Ostéographie

Cétacés, p. 604 (1880).

Nom. JAP. Ma-iruka. NOM. ANG. Cape-dolphin.

Ord. ARTIODACTYLA.

Sub-Ord. NONRUMINANTIA.

Fam. SUIDÆ.

Sub-Fam. Suinæ.

Gen. Sus' Linn.

Sus, Linnaeus, S.N., (10), p. 49 (1758); Blanford, Fauna Brit.

Ind. Mamm., p. 559 (1888 —91).

183. Sus leucomystax Temm.

Sus leucomystax, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 57 (1845);

Swinhoe, Pa Z.o5. 1870, ppe2s0,039)) Thomas, ibid., 1905; il, p. 357.

1) Synonymous with Zorezla Hodgson, 1847 (Blanford).

340 B. AOKI:

Nom. JAP. Inoshishi. NOM. ANG. White-moustached boar,

Dist. Hondo (Thomas); Shikoku, Kiüshiü (Matsubara) ; Formosa

(Swinhoe).

184. Sus taivanus (Swinhoe).

Porcula taivana, Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1862, p. 360.

Sus taivanus, Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1864, p. 383; Gray, ibid., 1868,

p. 26; Swinhoe, ibid., 1870, p. 64I.

Sus taivana, Gray, P. Z.S., 1867, p. 240.

Nom. Jar. Taiwan-inoshishi. NOM. ANG. Formosan wild-boar.

Dist. Formosa (Swinhoe).

185. Sus sp.

Sus sp., Matsubara, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i, p. 93 (1889); Bangs,

Amer. Nat. xxxv, no. 415, p. 561 (1901).

Dist. Liükiü: Isbigaki I. (Bangs).

Sup. Sub-Ord. RUMINANTIA.

Sub-Ord. PECORA.

Fam. CERVIDZ.

Sub-Fam, Cervine.

Gen. Cervus Linn.

Cervus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 66 (1758); Blanford, Eauna Brit.

Ind. Mamm., p. 534 (1888— 91).

Sub-Gen. Rusa Ham.-Smith.

Rusa, Hamilton-Smith, Griff. Anim. Kingd., v, p. 309 (1827).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 341

186. Cervus swinhoii (Sclater).

Rusa swinhoit, Sclater, P. L., P.Z.S. 1862, p. 152; Swinhoe,

ibid., ‘pi 3045 Sclate Psi Lrans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 349 (1871).

Cervus swinhott, Swinhoe, P. Z.S., 1870, p. 646; Brooke, ibid.,

1878, p. 901 ; Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 178 (1891).

Nom. JAP. Swinhoe-shika or Suiroku. NOM. ANG. Swinhoe’s deer,

Dist. Formosa (Swinhoe).

187. Cervus unicolor Bechstein.

Cervus unicolor et albicornis, Bechstein, Allgem. Uebers. vierfüs.

Hhicre, i pa 1120 (170909):

Cervus unicolor, Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 543 (1888—

gl).

Cervus unicolor boninensis,? Lydekker, Ann. Mag. N. H., (7), xv,

P- 391 (1905).

Nom. ANG. Sambur.

DisT. India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma, Siam, Hainan, Malay

peninsula, probably also parts of China, Formosa, Philippines, Borneo

and Sumatra (Flower); Bonin Islands (Lydekker).

Sub-Gen. Pseudaxis Gray.

Pseudaxis, Gray, Cat. Rum. Brit. Mus., p. 70 (1872); Brooke,

22253 .1878, pa 907.

188. Cervus sika* Temm.

Cervus sika, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 54 (1845);

Selatene BB. le 7225,.1800, 97377; ibid. Trans. Zool. Soc., vii,

1) Other synonyms of Cervus wricolor are as follows (Blanford) :—

Cervus niger Blainville, 1816; Cervus leschenaultii Cuvier, 1825 ; Cervus jarai Hodgson,

1831; Rusa jaraya, nepalensis et heterocervus Hodgson, 1841; Axis pennantii Gray, 1843.

2) Introduced into Bonin Islands by Perry, about 60 years ago.

3) Other synonyms of Cervus sika are as follows (Lydekker) :—

Rusa japonica Gray, 1863; Pseudaxis sika Gray, 1872; Cervus euopis Swinhoe, 1874.

342 B. AOKI:

p. 346; Brooke, .P.Z.S. 1878,: p. 0085 1Sclater, P.L., List Anim.

Zool. Gardens, p. 164 (1883); Powerscourt, P.Z.S., 1884, p. 207;

Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., p. 183 (1891); Sclater, P.L., List

Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 175 (1896); Mivart, P. Z.S., 1897, p. 294;

Lydekker, ibid., p. 39; Thomas, ibid., 1908, p. 54.

Cervus sp., Thomas, Ann, Mag. N. H., (7), xvii, p. 80.

Nom. JAP. Shika. NOM. ANG. Japanese deer.

Dist. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiüshiü, Hokkaido, N. China (Lydekker),

Liukiù.

189. Cervus taiouanus! Blyth.

Cervus taiouanus, Blyth, J. A. S. B., xxix, p. 90 (1860); Sclater,

P.I RZ. ‘511800, 4p 5370!

Cervus taivanus, Sclater, P. L., P.Z.S., 1862, p. 152; Swinhoe,

ibid, :p. 362; Sclater, P,L., Trans. “Zool, Soc, vu, PAS ar

Brooke, P. Z.S., 1878, p. 909; Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus, ii,

p. 183 (1891); Lydekker, P3Z2S,, #897, pas:

Nom. JAP. Kwaroku, NOM. ANG. Formosan deer,

Dist. Formosa (Lydekker).

Gen. Rangifer Ham.-Smith.

Rangifer, Hamilton-Smith, Griff. Anim. Kingd., v, (1827), p. 304

(Subgen.) ; Brooke, P. Z. S., 1878, p. 927.

190. Rangifer tarandus (Linn.).

Cervus tarandus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 67 (1758); Temminck,

Fauna Japonica, Mamm., p. 54 (1845).

Cervus (Rangifer) tarandus, Hamilton-Smith, Griff. Anim. Kingd.,

iv, p.70 (1827):

1) Other synonyms of Cervus tarouanus are as follows (Lydekker) :—

Cervus pseudaxis Swinhoe, 1870; Pseudaxis taivanus Gray, 1872,

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 343

Tarandus rangifer, Ogilby, P.Z.S., 1836, p. 134; Blyth, Cat.

Pp. 145.

Rangifer tarandus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 181 (1843);

Schrenck., Amur Land, Mamm., p. 167 (1859); Brooke, P. Z. S., 1878,

p. 928; Sclaler, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 188 (1891); Allen, Bull.

amer. Muss Nat ist, xix, p. 125 (1903); Thomas, Pi Z..S, tort,

D: 15T.

Rangifer caribou et groenlandicus, Baird, N. Amer. Mamm., p. 633

(1857).

Nom. JAP. Junroku or Tonakai. NOM. ANG. Reindeer.

Dist. Circumpolar, i.e. N. Europe, Asia and America (Sclater) ;

Japan: Saghalien (Schrenck).

Gen. Cervulus! Blainv.

Cervulus, De Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 74 (1816); Brooke,

P. Z. S., 1874, p. 38; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 531

(1888—91).

191. Cervulus reevesi Ogilby.

Cervulus reevesi, Ogilby, P. Z.S., 1838, p. 105 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B.,

MXM SD OS (1860), Swinhoe, PZ. 5, 1862) p. 361% Blyth; Cat., p.

155; Swinhoe, P. ZS, 1870, p. 644; Gray, Cat. Rum. Brit. Mus.

P.2 10501872), brooke. 22 Z. 9.) 1874, ps 41; Sclater, ibid., (187%, p.

422; Brooke, ibid., 1878, p. 899; Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii,

p- 174 (1891).

Cervulus micrurus, Sclater, P. Z. S., 1875, p. 421.

Nom. JAP. Kyong. Nom. ANG. Reeve’s muntjac.

DisT. S. China from Canton northwards to Ningpo and Formosa

(Sclater).

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Ceruw/us are as follows (Blanford) :—

Styloceros (Subgen.) Smith, 1827; Prox Ogilby, 1836; Muntjacus Gray, 1843.

344 B. AOKI:

Sub-Fam. Moschine.

Gen. Moschus Linn.

Moschus, Linnæus, S. N., (10), p. 66 (1758); Blanford, Fauna Brit.

Ind. Mamm., p. 551 (1888 —91).

192. Moschus moschiferus Linn.

Moschus moschiferus, Linnaeus, S. N., (10), p. 66 (1758) ; Hodgson,

Gleanings in Science, iii, p. 320; Pallas, Zool. Rosso Asiat., p. 198;

Walker, Calc. Journ. N. H., iii, p. 267; Wagner, Hugel’s Kaschmir,

iv, p. 576; Middendorf, Siberische Reise, p. 118; Hutton, J. A. S. B.,

vi, p. 935; Hodgson, ibid., xvi, p. 693; ibid., xvii, p. 486; Adams,

P. Z. S., 1858, p. 528; Schrenck, Amur Land, Mamm., p. 161 (1859);

Radde, Ost Siberien, p. 274; Blyth, Cat, p. 157; Milne-Edwards,

Ann. Sci. Nat., (5), ii, p. 154; Jerdon, Mamm,, p. 266; Kinloch, Large

Game Shooting, i, p. 41; Milne-Edwards, Rech. Mamm., p. 176;

Blanford, J. À. S: B, xli, p. 393 Blower, 7P7 7.25, 1875, Paso.

Lydekker, J. A.S..B, xvi, ps 2865 bide ip a Scully oe

1881, p. 209; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 552 (1888—91) ;

Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 172 (1891); Allen, Bull. Amer.

Mus. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 129 (1903); Thomas, P. 2,5, 19125 p 150:

Moschus sibiricus, Pallas, Spic. Zool., xiii, p. 29 (1779).

Moschus altaicus, Eschscholtz, Isis, p. 606 (1830).

Moschus chrysogaster, leucogaster et saturatus, Hodgson, J. A. S.

B.; vili, P. 203 (1839), bid,, 17 p: 285

Nom. JAP. Jiako-shika. NOM. ANG. Musk-deer.

Dist. Throughout the Himalayas as far west as Gilgit, at eleva-

tions exceeding 8000 ft. (in Sikhim in the summer above 12,000), in

forest and frushwood. Also in Thibet and other parts of Central Asia

as far north as Siberia (Blanford). Saghalien (Schrenck).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 345

Fam, EOVIDZ.

Sub-Fam. Rupicaprine.

Gen. Nemorhcedus Ham.-Smith.

Nemorhedus, Hamilton-Smith, Griff. Anim. Kingd., v, p. 352 (1827) ;

Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 512 (1888—o1).

Kemas, Ogilby, P. Z.S., p. 138 (1836).

Capricornis, Ogilby, P. Z.S., p. 139 (1836).

Urotragus, Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), viii, p. 371 (1871).

193. Nemorhædus crispus (Temm.).

Antilope crispa, Temminck, Fauna japonica, Mamm., p. 55 (1845).

Nemorhedus crispus, Thomas, P. Z.S., 1905, ii, p. 357.

Nom. JAP. Kamo-shika, Niku or Kura-shishi. NOM. ANG.

Japanese goat-antelope.

Dist. Hono (Thomas).

194. Nemorhadus sumatrensis (Shaw).

Antilope sumatrensis, Shaw, Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 2, p. 354 (1800);

Rates, Trans. inti. Soc. «it, p. 206: Ocilby, P. Z..S. 1836; p: 121;

Muller, Over de Zoogdieren Tem. Verhandl., p. 45.

Antilope (Nemorhedus) sumatrensis, Hamilton-Smith, Griff. Anim.

Kingd., iv, p. 277 (1827).

Nemorhadus sumatrensis, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 166

(1949) 53 Beavanıab- Za, 5.) 1S00, px 2> Cantor, J.-A..Sì Bi, XV,.p.-2725

Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 150 (1801).

Capricornis sumatrensis, Gray, P. Z. S., p. 135 (1850); Blyth, Cat.

DI 174 mb Soop brel Burma, List, p. 46.

Capricornis swinhoti, Gray, P. Z.S., 1862, p. 263; Swinhoe, ibid.,

p. 361; ibid., (1870, 9.1647.

Capricornis rubida, Blyth, Cat., p. 174 (1863).

346 B. AOKI:

Antilope interscapularis, Lichtenstein, Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde,

vi, p. 165 (1864).

?Capricornis milne-edwardsit, David, N. Arch. Mus., v, bull. p. 10

(1869).

Antilope (Nemorhedus) edwardsii, Milne-Edwards, Rech. Mamm.,

p. 374 (1874); Anderson, Anat. Zool. Res., p. 335.

Dist. Assam, Burma, Arakan, Moulmein, Tenasserim, Malay

peninsula, and Sumatra; also Formosa. If Memorhedus edwardsü is

identical with this species, the range extends northwards to E. Thibet

(Sclater).

Ord. SIRENIA.

Fam. Halicoride.

Gen. Helicore Illiger.

Halicore, Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 140 (1811);

Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 593 (1888—91).

195. Halicore dugong (Erxl.).

Trichechus dugung, Erxleben, Syst. Règne Anim., p. 599 (1777).

Halicore dugong, \liger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 140

(1811); Gray, Hardwicker’s Ill. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xxiii; Horsfield, Cat. —

E. Ind. Mus., p. 139; Blyth, J. A. S. B., xxviii, pp. 271, 483, 494; ibid.,

Cat., no. 461, p. 143; ibid., Mamm. Birds Burma, p. 53 ; Jerdon, Mamm.,

no. 240, p. 311; Blyth, J.A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 53; Nevill,

Taprobanian, i, p. 2; Matsubara, Zool. Mag., Tokyo, i, p. 129 (1889);

Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 326 (1891); Flower, P. Z. S.,

1900, p. 377.

Halicore indicus, Desmarest, Mamm., p. 509 (1822); Cantor, J. A.

S. B., xv, p. 274; Kelaart, Prodr. Fauna Zeylan., p. 89; Blyth, J. A.

S. B., xxviii, p. 494.

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 347

Halicore tabernaculi, Rippell et Sömmerring, Mus. Senckenb,, i,

P- 99, pl. vi (1834).

Nom. JAP. Zannoio. NOM. ANG. Dugong or Duyong.

Dist. Shore of the Indian Ocean, Straits of Malacca, and coasts

of Borneo (Flower); Liükiü, Amami-öshima (Matsubara).

Ord. SIMIZE.

Sub-Ord. CATARRHINA.

Fam. CERCOPITHECIDA.

Sub-Fam. Cercopithecine.

Gen. Macacus! Lacépéde.

Macacus, Lacépède, Mém. de Institut, iii, p. 450 (1801); Blanford,

Fauna Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 11 (1888—91).

196. Macacus cyclopis Swinhoe.

Macacus cyclopis, Swinhoe, P. Z. S., 1862, p. 350; ibid., 1864,

p. 380; Sclater, ibid., p. 711; Swinhoe, ibid., 1870, p. 615 ; Murie, ibid.,

1872. P- 771.

Nom. ANG. Formosan rock-monkey.

Dist. Formosa (Swinhoe).

197. Macacus fuscatus Blyth.

Inuus spectosus, Temminck, Fauna Japonica, Mamm., 1842, p. 9

(nec Cuv.).

Macacus fuscatus, Blyth, J. A. S. B., xliv, extra number, p. 6

(1785); Thomas, 1905, ii, p. 336.

Nom. JAP. Saru. Nom. ANG. Japanese monkey.

DIST. Hondo, Shikoku, Kiushiù,

1) Other synonyms of Gen. Macacus are as follows (Blanford) :—

Inuus Cuvier; Si/enus Gray.

348 B. AOKI:

APPENDIX.

Chief domesticated mammals in Japan are as follows.

I. Rabbit, Usagi (Zepus cuniculus).

2. Albino-rat, Daikoku-nezumi.

3. Japanese dancing mouse, Koma-nezumi (Mus wagneri var.

rotans. See Fortuyn: Zool. Anz. xxxix, No. 5/6, 1912).

4. Guinea-pig (Cavia cobaya).

5. Cat, Neko (Felis domestica).

6. Japanese dog, Nippon-inu (Canis familiaris japonicus).

7. Swine, Buta (Sus scro/a domesticus).

8. South-China cattle (Bos chinensis).—Formosa.

o. Cattle, Ushi (Bos taurus).

10. Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).—Formosa.

11. Sheep, Hitsuji (Ovzs aries).

12. Goat, Yagi (Capra hircus).

13. Horse, Uma (Equus caballus orientalis).

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS. 349

INDEX.

Aa ION 0 | NOCH EL ere es eee 278

Acanthocherus ......... ott SONT AA hag 53545220 ve 348

ACLI RT BOLIMOAIIICONNMIS evi 345

Adelomycieris I ans es SEN AL ni Ito 289

ACOV CSTOSH AOI nin, 27908 CARACAS IR ee à à ee 310

SOIN NE na 210) |HCarnıvora, Core. n 310

PLOPECOI CAM earns « ae 319 | Carnivora Fissipedia........ 310

FEE ARIA Se ew TRES 329 | Carnivora Pinnipedia ...... 331

IPOGEI Ii dede SU SOON Casto eo 208

LH RO SOOT EE DR INCASIORdE NN... vanne 398

ENECLOCVOM Er SIA Catarchina tee. dass onen 347

Eat CLORO eS CRONO LS a cael oes 310

Pe SUED PORT Ween AO TE PORN OMI Bie © tai 348

Artiodactyla rer at 230 | Cercopithecidz 0.4.6. 7a 347

VER AR Sa ee oe de ick 299, \n@ercopitbecine Fz sakes ot 347

Penida Ne ws nto 340

TELA IE” Sette PO CO CN ER Rs NET EE NME 1340

Balearen. LIMONI RI 343

Balenobienatt ivo: de SM DOCILE ASILO ER 340

Balzenoptetide ia SARA FICCtaccara n Mc. n 333

WORDEDa We es an SOMME GUAUS PEER nto. cin 310

BALANCE 320 MCkmarsogale. uo e 273

Barbastella RE LIEN 280. MRERILOPIETAR. . iran 274

POLONAIS eee at ZON OZOASIZONE, . 2 2 feo 40. ci es 270

SMOG ACCO SCIE SSOMNCAZISONIELErIS) ZI

VOS ITA SRO LAS ARI BAG MN ne Dieu : 5. se ost ba: 285

OVA Seen eaten. Seen tees: BAM CONS TER: : 53 00 cone oo melee 278

EST ACHVOUUS EE RE I On tel PAODIMOTOMAUNA … mises conte’ 271

SPUTO + em te ee BAG MN CAASCOMLYS >. 250. I 300

COMI BRR See 289

COLO PIPES Wien cina nre. || (UPPER Dark 317

Calici ER. cha vee SON INOVCIOHINA sise rod 377

Calor MINUIT ana 530 CHO APE RE RR VA 317

COO UGE = don. 316

CANCER ES rio Se ca Delve) nial (6 Eee rae onic 336

CORIO AS LGA STE3A8 PDelphininz peo 337

350

Dipodide* O m 309

Door HIER CRE 277

Dremonys ee 293

DY YMOMYS SECRET 301

Dryoiiys, Sa oe 301

Duplicidentata ee RR 289

Dymecodon are 268

Enhydra: .. SISSI NIE 330

EPS SEAT a 301

EE PtOSECUS PELO 285

Equus i okie I 348

Esmacelda to Ano kane PELO 273

EINES CIS 273

BUlagus CORRO 289

Eumelopias CCL 331

TRUM SACRESTIA 274

EYP GUUS LS eee 275

BUM SII AE 293

EVOLOMIS SERE 299

Eros LR ESS 278

Felde: > 20 310

Bells i CI. 310, 348

Feroculus ESS. NE 271

Fissipedia \... ensure. REC 310

Fetotitis: OR CE 922

Gliridæ Zorn EEE. 202 298

GUERRE, 208

Giobicephglis: tc eed 337

GlobicepSs ICROM dh 337

Gloionycteris neh eee 2577

Grampus SANA RE: 338

Gulo. so. eel 327

Gymnopus NN SERRE 323

Halcore vc eee 346

A. AOKI:

Haliéorid®&: a. ner 346

Piel icles”, a ee CRCEE 328

Herpestes nen 316

klerpesine a. REN. 316

Elerpestoidea ti 310

Hipposideridæ. ... nme 277

Ehpposideros 20 COR any

Ty @rola cuss. sn ee 289

Hypomycteti vi a eae 317

RDSURO. SL 283

Fp PUA GUS ya AO 299

Hystticideæ a ss ee 309

Hiystricomorpha. .. Aue 309

PLysttg# SCR 309

LCRA CUTNON: ods as Oe 316

Insectivora .. 267

TRUUS SL ETES Te SUO 347

delusi rale PERE 278

DEUS So CORRI 345

Lagenoriynchis OR 338

EMANINA: LS SRE IE 329

Leggada ua... SRE 301

Benothriz‘ SIRET 301

TEGO: RSR BA RO SÈ 310

Léopar dus SCEMO 310

Éeporidæ rire 289

EDS, SF CRA ee 289, 348

ERULONE ARA 278

Lipotyphila-ce RER EEE 267

Enpuss LES ae = 317

Lire ZETA RE 328

Lutti ni sa aa AGO 328

EHE Es EE FRE 310

Macacusı 230% In 2 347

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS.

IA CHOVPELERIS: 2 222 277

VL CV OLWS: «cs ae Re 280

ATI ARIE ACE 291

TAGE UST Io 316

Manidæ 288

NR cre Ec De à care 288

WHEN SUB OVE MUS. Bee a. e i 285

{GT IAS oes eR A 325

Mecachiroptera.. .. i. 274

WME OPICUE, ia 333

LS RETRO oe 328

BEIDE ann ET 328

J HELO, Rn CRE PPR EES: 328

RCSOUCHUL nae LL 316

2 CECOLU Se ere RIA EE O 285

Wi crochiropteta: 0... aces 275

TIRA ARRONE 306

hlicrotinasle non ee 299

LCT OLS N RAC 299

Niinioptermaese ET enna 286

OLE ALE nee ee 286

MIOPE US ee de en 286

DRRNeoplerus ni 286

Minyopierus es... 286

IGE CURT E 268

Molosstdeano siete 287

Moschee, {ee ee o. 344

MOI 344

LVI OS) averages tit. EEE 316

ANTIQUE ET nee

Nuridert Texas COO

DIN a ee ER 301

iurnine a 286

Se A RU 301, 348

IUS CUISINE ee 301

HY ELSI SR CRETE 3228325

Biustelicde > 005... SAS 322

Wfusteline” Kassa... 322

351

Myoralinettf tr: 267

Myomoerpha "vis, 298

oi SEO i A; 278

Mb:stacocetit. oi 333

NEMO SI 301

NANI NI: 283

Nemorhedus ... > UE

Neofelis = gio

UN GCULUIN RARA AE GITE 282

Nonruminantia 7... 339

NEGLI SERIA RIO 281

INV CTCVOULES dass sio 318

UN EUMOULD iii TT 287

INDELINDIMES 02... 287

INGICTINOMIG Soins ane oe 267

UVDICHNOMUS SD eee con 287

Nystactes.... 207

Odobemndaet e, Loan 332

Odobenus .... . 1202

@clomtocetige .-. .:2 cho os wee 335

(CHR UOTE 316

OG E COTE 337

GA TMNOGUS nen 289

OSPIEIEOIOSAN a e ee 316

Otanideg, ii ens 331

OWS 2. FIRE ORE 348

Pochyura 271

[EEE EEE ae 215:

IAU OE SL TIRO 282

TAG MDMOLUTUS, 2.3 + li RARI US

PESCA EL. E MARS 340

MUMBAI ET 291

TOUT. i 295

SPUTA RER RIO EEE 332

DOCG Lino ee 336

352 A. AOKI:

Phidcanina ts aera 336

Phocenoides << RER 336

Phacidæ se ya 332

Pholidota 1.5/5 Zr 288

Phyllous ovine eee 275

Phase ter LS RE 2 a 235

Pliyseteride En 335

Physeterine RAR 335

Pupistrellusi xan pan cote 283

Pinnipedia SRI, AE 331

Platyschisia SIIT 315

PUZCOLUS io Kors EE 279

Poxcula SORIANO 339

Prodelphitustt u. ou = oe Sr 339

POL, hin atic NATA 343

EGIDIO dna ae e274

PSPUAGTUS, ST tae an a ANS ANT

PSEUTOCOROMIS — Ada 301

PACHIOPEVUSEONIO eee 278

PRÉCISES I NET EE EUR 295

Preropodidas: tiene rane 274

Pteropopma). was ene 274

PLOY OPUS, u Arsen PR 274

POVY OUSLES SIIT NATE 281

Pichor RARE IE 277

PULOTIUS ns ER: ARIE 322

PYF ofehist. SIRO - SO 310

Ranger... ee os ce 342

Rattus 22 000 TRO a 301

Rhachianectes nc ata «sk 333

Rhachianectide ose es 333

RUNOCEPIS lan III ZI

MINIMO oo 275

Rhinolophidz 2 ee 275

Klanophylla.. SENIOR 277

Radentia;; 30 o SSR 289

Romicia à: da SS STE 283

RUSE. DES hl ea

Séunide: i

SCI: ai E

Sauromorpha uao a

Sciurorterus A li

Scatophilus:v x cu

Sdysuis on LE deamon

SEHLCONVGLEFIS > se dude SAI

Sarah Pas CE

Simo: ica a

Sunplieidentata 2071

ST LE cies oe N RP nee

SOCUCULUS is. Shere Ss at aig

SECU UN oie ois RER

SPEOVUY CHE — rar

SAPLOCOT OS: Vac Li nee

SUITE sla RA

I Sat allea 339,

SHILOH EL US ze ATI

SYRTESMOLLS > | ser una de ey (TARE

SFUOMUSE Se

LQMIAZELE | ii ALIA

Talpide etre Eee

Talpine SR ae hae eee

HAND-LIST OF JAPANESE AND FORMOSAN MAMMALS.

MANUOPS: ANSE RS o DIN VOSTRA EE 278,

UMIDE SITR 2sgeleMespertilionidani...... 00

hooiden een nee ame Mespettilioninzer ............

VA MURI ARSA SIE QUI Vesperugon......: 281, 283,

MIO VIS SSR PHONE CS PENSE. Rita one

ALT ANS tenes TR DR MISTO RT

LU CHICCHU SERRE NE die DA PA VEN TICEDS tu

De IA ZON COMPARE = o.

WHI TRIG awa ne eue

MA BRO eee ION MVIVERET AM Hee Oe acini

ROMA Ne ART BABE WELD OSs. een dore sde de

RUTGERS POA Ae EET 267

{US GER nn rasen DOME AE LES ee ire

WY SUS AAR Ria arene 2Z0N BZIDRUNE tn

AGIRE LASER E DIOR ZAIRE POTE eee

à | eye ens

| MAS

A Catalogue of Hermit-crabs found in Japan

(Paguridea excluding Lithodidae), with

Descriptions of Four New Species.

Arata Terao, Rigakushi.

(Zool. Inst., Sci. Coll., Tokyo Imp. Univ.)

With 4 textfigures.

In the present catalogue are listed 68 species of hermit-crabs so

far known from Japan. They are referable to 15 genera. Of the

above number of species, four seem to me to be new to science and

are here described for the first time, viz., Parapagurus ijimai, Pagurus

watasei, Eupagurus gotot, and Diogenes nitidimanus. Of the genera

given in this paper, Parapagurus is taken in the broad sense of

including Sympagurus Smith under it.

In my studies of the group I have had at disposal the entire

collection in the Zoological Institute of the Science College, Tokyo

Imp. Univ. For the facilities and useful advices given me in that

Institute, it is my pleasant duty herewith to return my cordial thanks

to Professors Ijima, Watasé and Gotò. My thanks are also due to

several other gentlemen who have assisted me in obtaining materials

from different parts of the country. I am under special obligation to

Professor S. Ikeda of the High School of Kagoshima, by whose inter-

mediation I have been able to examine not only the collection of

that school but also the specimens belonging to some other public

institutions of that city.

356 A. TERAO:

Family Paguridae Dana.

Paguride, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust., pt. 1, 1852, 2.955;

Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 232; Henderson,

Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 52; Stebbing, Hist. Crust., 1893, Pp.

159; Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1145; (pars),

Milne-Edwards et Bouvier, Crust. Decap. Hirondelle et Princesse

Alice, Monaco, 1899, p. 51; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Deep Sea Crust., 1901,

p. 215; and Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust, pt. 2, fase. 101905. een.

Paguroide (pars), Boas, (Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 6 Raekke, naturvid.

og math., Afd. I. 2, 1880, p. 189).

Parapaguride, Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, x., 1883,

p. 20; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 85; Stebbing, Hist.

Crust., 1893, p. 166.

Genus Aniculus Dana.

Aniculus, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. ‘Crust, pt. 1., 1852, P..400,

Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 234; and Smiths.

Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 20750 Miers Cat, (Crust News Zealand,

1876, p. 64; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vi, 1892, p. 276; Stebbing,

Fist. "Crust AS 63 D: 60; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust., pt. 2, dase a,

1905, P. 94.

Aniculus aniculs (Fabricius).

Pagurus aniculus, Fabricius, (Ent. Syst., II, 1793, p. 468); Milne-

Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., 11, 1837, p. 230.

Cancer aniculus, Herbst, (Krabben, II, 1794, p. 37).

Pagurus ursus, Olivier, (Encycl. Méthod., vill, 1811, p. 640).

Aniculus typicus, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., pt. 1, 1852,

p. 461, pl. xxix, fig. 1; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858,

p. 247; and Smiths. Misc. Coll, XLIX, 1908, p. 207; Heller, Novara

Crust., 1865, p. 87; Miers; Cat. Crust. N. Z, 1876, p."64; and von:

Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, v, 1880, p. 375; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst.,

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 357

VI, 1892, p. 289; Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus., III, 1897, p. 144;

Borradaile, P. Z. S., 1898, p. 461.

Aniculus aniculus, Hilgendorf, in v. d. Decken’s Reisen Ost-Afr.,

iil, ts 7869, P2.97.. Lienderson, Ir. Linn. Soc. Zool., ser. 2, V, 1803,

D. 422 anchester 42. 5, 1902, II, p. 364; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec.

Crust pe 2 tase. 1, 1905, p: 94, pl. vii., fig. 6:

Note: Common near Misaki. A female specimen from the Nagasaki Prefecture in the Sci.

Coll. Mus.

Genus Calcinus Dana.

Calefuus; Dana, Ua Ss Expl: (Exp, Crust. pt. 1, 1852, p. 456;

Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 234; and Smith. Misc.

Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 207; Henderson, Chellenger Anomura, 1888, p.

61; Chevreux et Bouvier, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 1892, p. 126;

Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1146; Alcock, Cat.

Ind. Dec. Crust., pt. 2, fasc. 1, 1905, p. 51.

Calcinus elegans (Milne-Edwards).

Pagurus elegans, Milne-Edwards, (Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 2e ser.,

VI, 1836, p. 278, pl. xiii, fig. 2); and Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 229;

Krauss, Südafr. Crust., 1843, p. 57.

Calcinus elegans, Dana, U. S. Expl. iExp., Crust., pt. 1, 1852,

b=453 pl xxvili, fig. 10a-c; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad.,

1955247 7 and) smiths. Misc. Coll) Xx, 1907, ‘p.. 208; Heller,

Novara Crust., 1865, p. 88; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

p. 204; Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus., III, 1897, p. 143; Borradaile,

277225, 1898, 9491; Een 2ool: Jahrb., Syst. XIV, 1001, pi 4445

Alcock, Cat Ind Wee. Crust, pte 2, fasc I, 1905, P. 53, pl. v, fig. 02.

Pagurus pictus, Owen, (Zool. H. M.S. Blossom, 1839, Crust., p.

$35. pl. XV, We, 2)

Pagurus decorus, Randall, (Journ. Acad. Philad., 1839, p. 134).

Note: A male specimen in the collection of the Kagoshima I. Middle Scbool, from Miya-

no-ura in Yakushima, Prov. Osumi.

358 A. TERAO:

Calcinus gaimardi (Milne-Edwards).

Pagurus gaimardi, Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., 3e sér., I,

1848, p. 63.

Calcinus gaimardi, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., pt. T, 1052,

P. 457, pl. xxviii, fig. 9; Heller, Novara Crust., 1865, p. 87; Ortmann,

Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 294; Borradaile, P. Z. S., 1898, p. 462;

Alcock, Cat. Und. Dec. Crust., pt. 2, fasc. 4, 1905, p: 59, play, ee.

Note: I have not been able to examine this species.

Calcinus levimanus (Randall).

Pagurus levimanus, Randall; (Journ. Acad. Sci, Philad., VIN,

1839, p. 135).

Pagurus tibicen, Krauss, Siidafr. Crust., 1843, p. 57; Milne-

Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 220.

Calcinus tibicen, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp, Crust., pt. I, 1852,

p. 457; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., 1858, p. 247; and

Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 208; Heller, Novara Crust., 1865,

p. 87; Hilgendorf, in v. d. Decken’s Reisen Ost-Afr., III, i, 1869, p.

97; Miers, Zool. .H. M.S. “Alert,” 1884, PP. 519, 557; klenderson,

Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 61; Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus.,

III, 1897, p. 144.

Calcinus herbstit, de Man, Arch. f. Nat., LIII, 1887, I, p. 437;

Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 292; Borradaile P. Z.S.,

1898, p. 462; Alcock, Cat. Ind, Dec. Crust., pt, 2, fast; 4) 1005,

53, più vip:

Calcinus levimanus, Rathbun, Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907,

p. 208, footnote correction of Stimpson’s “ Calcinus tibicen (Herbst)

Dana”; Stebbing, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., VI, pt. iv, 1910, p. 353.

A È A È

Note: Preserved in the Sci. Coll. Mus. are: a male from Nase, Amami-Oshima, Prov. Osumi ;

two females and one male from Naha, Okinawa, Loo Choo; and a male from Kôshun,

Formosa.

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 359

Calcinus latens (Randall).

Pagurus latens, Randall, (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1830,

P. 135).

Calcinus latens, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust., pt. I, 1852,

p. 459, pl. xxviii, fig. 11; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad.,

1858, pet and smith: Mise, Coll; XE, 1907, p. 268; Heller,

Novara Crust., 1865, p. 88; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vI, 1892,

p. 293; Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus., III, 1897, p. 143; Borradaile,

Palm logon ps 403); Benz, Zool. Jahrb., Syst, XIV; 1901, p: 443;

Eco Catealnd: Dec. Crust. pt. 2, fasc..1, 1005, p. 58, pl. v, fig. 5;

Grant "Proc. linn, Soc N. S. Wales, 1900, pt. 1, p- 34:

Calcinus intermedius, de Man, (Notes Leyden Mus., III, 1881, p. 102).

Calcinus terre-regine, Haswell, (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,

VI; 10862 0700); de Man, Arch. f. Nat, Litt, i, 1887, p. 439;

Journ. imine Soc.) Zool., Gr 1888, pi 226; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec.

Crus Sp ASE 1, 190s, pP. 57, pl. v, fig. 7-

Note: The Sci. Coll. Mus. contains a male specimen from Naha, Okinawa, Loo Choo, which

seems to show much more resemblance to C. Zerr@-regine@ than to typical C. Zatens.

Genus Catapagurus Milne-Edwards.

Catapagurus, Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard,

VII, 1880, p. 46; Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, x, 1882,

p. 14; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 75; Milne-Edwards

et Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, xIv, no. 3, 1893, p. 125;

Stebbing, Hist. Crust,, 1893, p. 165; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust.,

pt. 2; fasc. 1, 1905, P. 114.

Hemipagurus, Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, VII, 1881, p. 143.

Catapagurus doederleini Doflein.

Catapagurus doederleint, Doflein, Abh. d. k. bayer. Akad. d.

Wiss., Cl. 11, Bd. xxI, Abh. INI, 1902, p. 624, taf. vi, fig. 4 et 5.

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

360 A. TERAO:

Genus Clibanarius Dana.

Clibanarius Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust. pt. 1, 1852, p 461;

Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 234; and Smiths.

Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1997, p. 208; Miers, Crust. N. Zealand, 1876, p. 87;

Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 60; Milne-Edwards et

Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, xIv, 3, 1893, p. 156;

Stebbing, Hist. Crust., 1893, p. 160; Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich,

Malacostraca, p. 1146; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust., pt. 2, fasc. 1,

1905; Pp. 40:

Clibanarius bimaculatus (de Haan).

Pagurus bimaculatus, de Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust., 1849, p.

210, tab. 49,.fig. 7, tab. 50, fig. 4.

Clibanarus bimaculatus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892

pp. 290, 291.

Note: A male from Kataura, Prov. Satsuma, in the Sci. Coll. Mus. A striking difference

between de Haan’s original description and that specimen lies in the relative size of the

chelipeds. From an examination of males, de Haan put down ‘‘ pede antico sinistro in

maribus majore,” whereas in the single male specimen on hand the 7797? cheliped is

slightly more massive than the /ef. Longitudinal groove not present on dactyli of

ambulatory legs, a negative character utilized by Ortmann for one of the points by which

this species may be distinguished from CZ. misanthropus. Of the two figures given

by de Haan, the one (tab. 50, fig. 4) well represents the species; the other (tab. 49,

fig. 7) is not at all referred to in the descriptive text and differs much from the

figure just mentioned but greatly resembles Zupagurus samuelis Stimpson in general

appearance,

Clibanarius corallinus (Milne-Edwards).

Pagurus corallinus, Milne-Edwards, (Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 3e

SÉT:; X, L646, POI

Pagurus globosomanus, Dana, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1851, (pi 27% |

Clibanarius globosimanus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1950, D 247.

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 361

Clibanarius obesomanus (?corallinus), Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp.

Crust.,. pt. 1, 1852, P. 468, pl. xxix; fig. Sa—e.

Clibanarius corallinus, Heller, Novara Crust., 1865, p. 89; de

Man, Arch. f. Nat., LUI, 1887, I, p. 447; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst.,

VI, 1892, pe 292. Bortadaile, Pi Z.S., 1808, p. 463; Lanchester, P. Z.

D, 1002 Pb 3055. Alcock, ‘Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust., pt..2, fasc. 1,

1005, Pp: 45; pl. v, fig. 1.

Clibanarius globosomanus, Stimpson, Smiths. Misc. Coll, XLIX,

1007 Pp» 210.

Note: A male specimen from Nakanoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, in the collection of the

7th High School (Kagoshima city).

Clibanarius japonicus Rathbun.

Clibanarius japonicus, Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1903, p.

35, fig. 2-5.

Note: This species and the following three have not come under my examination.

Clibanarius longitarsis (de Haan).

Pagurus longitarsis, de Haan, Faun. Jap., Crust. 1849, p. 211,

pi a ne. 13:

Clibanarius longitarsis, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., pt. 1,

1852, p. 464; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 247;

and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIx, 1907, p. 209; Heller, Novara Crust.,

1865, p. 90; Hilgendorf, in v. d. Decken’s Reisen Ost-Afr., III, i, 1869,

p. 96; Ortmann, in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr., Crust., 1894, p. 31;

Lanchester P- 2.5., 1902, I pi 365.

Clibanarius pacificus Stimpson.

Clibanarius pacificus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, P 246-7 and omiths™ Nese,..Coll., XLIX, 1907, D. 211.

362 A. TERAO :

Clibanarius striolatus Dana.

Clibanarius striolatus, Wana, U.S. Expl. Exp, Crust; Ber,

p. 463, pl. xxix, fig. 3a-e; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, pl. 247; Heller, Novara Crust., 1865, p. 89; de Man, Arch. f.

Nat, Lil, i, 1887, p. 445; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb, Syst., vi, 1802,

p. 290; Lanchester, P.Z.S. 1902, P. 365, Alcock, Car ind. siwec.

Crust., pt. 2,>fasc. I, 1905, p. 46 pl. av, Ger.

Genus Diogenes Dana.

Diogenes, Dana, U.S, Expl. Exp:, Crust, pty 1, tone, pa

Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858; p. 232; and Smiths.

Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 201; Henderson, Challenger Anomura,

1888, pi. 53, Stebbing, ist, ‘Crust, 1603," p. 160; Ortmann, in

Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1146; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec.

Crust., pis 2, asc. 17, 21005 MEDA):

Diogenes edwardsii (de Haan).

Pagurus edwardsti, de Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust., 1849, p. 211

tab. 50, fig. a.

Diogenes edwardsit, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 246; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., xUIX; 1907, P. 202, plc

fig. 1; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 295.

Note: A male specimen in Mr. M. Nakamura’s collection made in the Niigata Prefecture.

In the Sci. Coll. Mus there are: a male from the Nagasaki Prefecture; two males and

two females from Tomo-no-tsu, Prov. Bingo; a male from the Yamaguchi Prefecture; a

male from Prov. Kii; several specimens from Kominato, Prov. Awa; and two males

from an unknown locality.

The smaller individuals agree in the shape and granulation of left cheliped and in

the relative length of eyestalks with 2. spinifrons (de Haan), a form which was regarded

by Ortmann to be the young of this species; while in other important characters, f. i.,

in the spinulose antennal acicles and in the setose dactyli of crawling legs, they tally

completely with the description given by de Haan of Pagurus edwardsii.

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 363

Diogens nitidimanus, n. sp.

(Textfig. 1).

Carapace depressed, broadened posteriorly, well-calcified in front

of cervical groove, with several transversely or obliquely directed,

close series of setose granules

in antero-lateral regions; on

each side a longitudinal row

of teeth, running for nearly

two-thirds the length of cara-

pace in front of cervical

groove. A short way pos-

teriorly from the hind end of

the teeth row, there is a small

well-calcified areolet which is

anteriorly spinulose. Rostrum

broad, almost rounded off

and indistinct, less prominent

than antero-lateral teeth of

the anterior border of cara-

pace.

Textfig. 1.

Eyestalks very stout,

Diogenes nitidimanus, n. sp. A, anterior half of

carapace, x8; B, left cheliped. x6; C, 3rd left leg, slightly narrowed in the

X 7. middle, shorter than the an-

terior border of carapace, reaching to middle of the last joint of both

antennular and antennal penduncles. Eyes occupy about the third

distal part of the terminal joint of eyestalks. Ophthalmic scales

juxtaposed, large and broad, tipped with one or two spinules. The

spine on ophthalmic somite acute, entire, short.

Antennal peduncles slightly setose, longer than antennular pedun-

cle; antennal} acicles spinulose and slighty setose, shorter than the

penultimate joint of antennal peduncle; antennal flagella about as

364 A. TERAO:

long as the carapace measured in the median line, provided with

stout long bristles on the ventral side; each bristle bearing on the

ventral side a series of paired setae growing out vertically.

Left cheliped twice as long as the carapace measured in the

median line ; the whole cheliped almost hairless except on the dorsal

setose surface of merus, and somewhat glossy on surface in spite

of the granulation; upper border of hand and carpus well-defined ; all

joints elongate ; hand about twice as long as broad, index acute.

Right cheliped wanting.

Second and third pairs of legs setose, spinulose on the upper

border of propodus and carpus; dactylus longer than propodus, with

a longitudinal groove on the outer surface.

Note: A male specimen from Prov. Sagami is in Mr. R. Saitö’s collection. The species is

closely allied to D. granulatus Miers, from which it differs however in the ophthalmic

scales being apically spinulose instead of being entire. The present species is also near

to D. drevirostris Stimpson, but this differs from it in the carpus of left cheliped being

short and of a triangular shape.

Diogenes penicillatus Stimpson.

Diogenes penicillatus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 245; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 200.

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Diogenes spinifrons (de Haan).

Pagurus spinifrons, de Haan, Faun. Japon., 1849, p. 212, pl.

xlix, fig. 6.

Diogenes edwardsit, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb, Syst., VI, 1892, p. 295.

Note: I have not been able to examine specimens which are referable to this species.

Genus Hupagurus Brandt.

Eupagurus, Brandt, in Middlendorf’s Reise in Sibiriens, Zool.,

I, i, 1851, p. 105; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p.

236; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 215; Miers, Cat. Crust.

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 365

N. Zealand, 1876, p. 62; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888,

p. 62; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 297; and in Bronn’s

Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1145; Benedict, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

XV, 1892, p. 1; Milne-Edwards et Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.,

Harvard, XIV, 3, 1893, p. 139; and Crust. Dec. ‘‘ Hirondelle,” Monaco,

1894, 7273 3 Stebbing, Hist:“Crust 1893, p. 160; and P. Z. S.; 1900,

P- 534, -Alcock, Cat Ind. Dec. Erust., pt:.2, fasc. 1, 1005, pi 122.

Bernhardus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 440.

Note: Under this genus I place a new species which will be designated Z. gotoz, although

the type specimen (a male) is entirely without a fourth abdominal appendage. It

follows that occasional absence of that appendage should be admittel within the range

of the genus.

Eupagurus angustus Stimpson.

Eupagurus angustus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 250; and Smiths, Misc. Coll., XLIx, 1907, p. 225.

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Eupagurus barbatus Ortmann.

Eupagurus barbatus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 311.

Note: I have not been able to exımine this species.

Eupagurus brachiomastus Thallwitz.

Eupagurus brachiomastus, Thallwitz, (Abh. u. Ber. Zool. Mus.

Dresden, 1891, No. 3, p. 35); Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

pi i3u2:

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Eupagurus cavimanus Miers.

Eupagurus cavimanns, Miers, P. Z.S., 1878, pp. 21, 48, pl. iii,

fig. I.

Note: This species is very closely allied to Z. gotoi, but differs from it in having the merus

of right cheliped concave instead of being convex on the dorsal surface, and in the more

prominent rostrum. I have had no specimen which is referable to this species.

366 A. TERAO:

Eupagurus conformis (de Haan).

Pagurus conformis, de Haan, Faun. Jap., Crust., 1849, p. 206.

Eupagurus conformis, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

p. 305; Doflein, Abh. d. k. bayer. Akad. d. Wiss., Cl. IT, Bd. xx,

Abth. iii, 1902, p. 647.

No'e: No specimen has come under my examination.

Eupagurus constans Stimpson.

Eupagurus constans, Stimption, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, .p..248; and. Smiths. Misc. Goll. XIX, 1607, p.219, DIET,

fig. 3; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 67, pl. vi, fig. 8;

Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 310; Doflein, Abh. bayer.

Akad. Wiss., XXI, iii, 1902, p. 647.

Note: Numerous specimens from Misaki and two females from the Nagasaki Prefecture in

the Sci. Coll. Mus. They inhabit gastropod-shell-like colonies of Æydractinia sodalis

Stimpson and of 77. spiralis Goto.

In all the specimens before me, antennal acicles do not quite reach up to the level

of the extremity of eyestalks, while the lezs of the right side extend well beyond the tip

of the larger cheliped. In these respects, the specimens may be said to stand not in

exact harmony with Stimpson’s description and figure of the species.

Eupagurus gotoi, n. sp.

(Peston 2):

Almost hairless throughout entire body. Carapace depressed,

broadened posteriorly, strongly calcified in the pear-shaped area in

front of cervical groove, but very thin and almost transparent in the

branchial region so that most of the gills can be seen through from

the dorsal side of carapace.

Rostrum broadly triangular, pointed at tip, slightly carinated,

projecting a very short way beyond the level of the antennal angles

of carapace; the antennal angle tipped with a minute spinule.

Eyestalks moderately large, overlapping the last joint of anten-

nular peduncles just at base, slightly curved outward ; eyes scarcely

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 367

dilated, taking up about a fourth part of the terminal joint of eye-

stalk ; ophthalmic scales small, lanceolate, deeply concave, distant.

a d

Antennal acicle

curved, slightly setose,

nearly as long as the

last joint of antennal

peduncle and reaching

beyond the level of

the distal end of eye-

stalk ; antennal flagel-

lum about two and a

half times as long as

carapace, almost nude

or with but sparsely

set minute setae.

Right cheliped much

larger than the left,

about 23 times the

length of carapace;

the merus triangular,

HEAR

spinulose in the distal

Eupagurus gotoi, n. sp. Nat. size. a, Anterior half of

carapace; 2, outer view, c, inner view, of right cheliped; Part of the upper

d, 2nd left leg; e, 3rd left leg; /, outer view of right cheliped. border, spinose along

the upper part of distal margin, the inner surface hollowed out for

accommodation of the lobe of the carpus in flexion, the lower ridge

spinulose ; carpus very much broadened, raised into thin leaf-like

ridge along both borders, spinose along the proximal half of the upper

border as well as along the median line on the outer surface, finely

spinulose on the outer anterior margin, deeply concave on the inner

surface, the concave area kidney-shaped, the lower proximal ridge

most prominent; hand about twice as long as broad, inconspicuously

granulous on the upper border of palm.

368 A. TERAO:

Left cheliped reaches to base of right palm; the merus spinu-

lose along the upper border ; the carpus spinulose along both inner and

upper borders; the hand deeply concave, spade-shaped, with a thin

marginal ridge, which in the basal part of the propodus covers over

the articulation of the latter with the carpus and distally towards the

finger-tips becomes gradually obliterated, the ridge on the movable

finger running nearly in the median line of its surface.

Ambulatory legs of both sides compressed, their tip reaching

beyond that of the left but not that of the right cheliped; distinctly

spinulose along the upper border of the carpus of the 2nd and 3rd

right legs as well as of the 2nd left leg; dactylus longer than

propodus, with an inconspicuous longitudinal groove on both outer and

inner surfaces, beset with strong bristles along its upper and lower

borders.

Abdominal appendages, excepting those that form the tail-fan,

are only two in number, viz., the 3rd and the sth, both of which are

unequally biramous and are situated on the left side,

Terga very thin and but little calcified, excepting those of the

somites which form the tail-fan. The 4th and 5th terga have each a

pair of round convex areas separated from each other by a consider-

able space.

Colour in spirit: biscuit yellow or brownish yellow, with spots of

a paler colour on ambulatory legs, especially on their outer surface.

Ncte A male specimen (Mus. No. Cr. 335), preserved in the Imperial Museum at Uyeno,

Tokyo; it is from the Aomori Prefecture. The shape of both chelipeds is suggestive of

a digging or burrowing habit. The specimen, at the time of my examining it, was

smeared with mud, especially on the dorsal concave surface of the left hand. This

species can be easily distinguished from the others by its characteristic chelipeds. As

already stated, the species is very closely allied to £. cavimanus.

Eupagurus gracilipes Stimpson.

Eupagurus gracilipes, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 248; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 217; Doflein,

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS, 369

bhe d'A de di Wiss., Cl: 11, Bd. xxi, Abth. lly (1902; pi 647;

pl. vi, fig. 6-8.

Eupagurus levimanus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

D. 302, plexil, ofc. (13.

Note: Numerous males and females from Misaki; several from Takashima, Prov. Shiri-

beshi, and also from Okushiri-jima, Hokkaido,

Eupagurus hirsutiusculus (Dana).

Bernhardus hirsutiusculus, Dana, U. S. Expl Exp., Crust., pt. 1,

"852, Pp: 443, pl. xxvi, figs 3.

Eupagurus hirsutiusculus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, pi 250; alsoy in’ Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 223.

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Eupagurus hirtimanus (White).

Pagurus hirtimanus, White, (List Crust. Brit. Mus, 1847, p. 60).

Eupagurus japonicus ?, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, V,

7880, P4 375, pi. xiv, tie 6, 7:

Eupagurus hirtimanus, de Man, Arch. f. Nat, 1887, I, p. 426;

Ortmann, in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr. Crust., 1894, p. 32.

Note: I have examined a specimen from Proy. Kii; a male in Mr. M. Nakamura’s collec-

tion made in the Niigata Prefecture; numerous specimens from Takashima, Proy.

Shiribeshi in Hokkaido, inhabiting either gastropod shell or sponge; and a male from

the Nagasaki Prefecture.

The specimens which protect their abdomen in sponge are remarkable for having

the spinules on the dorsal surfaces of chelae more strongly developed than in those which

inhabit gastropod shell.

Eupagurus japonicus Stimpson.

Eupagurus japonicus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858,

p- 250; and Smiths Misc. Coll. XL1x, . 1907, p. 226, pl. xxv, fig. 2;

Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 309, pl. xii, fig. 16.

Eugapurus similis, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 310;

Doflein, Abh. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss., Cl. 11, Bd. II, Abth. HI, 1902,

p. 646.

370 A. TERAO:

Eupagurus barbatus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VII, 1892,

D 317.

Note: Abundanthy found near Misaki; also many specimens from Kominato, Prov. Awa,

Eupagurus lanuginosus (de Haan).

Pagurus lanuginosus, de Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., 1849, p. 207 ;

Doflein, Abh. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss., CI. ı1, Bd. xx1, Abth 11) 1902

p. 646.

Note: I have not been able to examine this species.

Eupagurus lepidochirus Doflein.

Eupagurus lepidochirus, Doflein, Abh. d.k. Akad. d. Wiss., Cl. II,

Bd. XXI, Abth- 1, 1002 11628;

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Eupagurus megalops Stimpson.

Eupagurus megalops, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 2485 also in “Smiths.” Mise! Goll} xine pis 216; plz

fig. 2.

E. carpoforaminatus var. nephromma, Alcock, Cat. Ind, Dec.

Crust., pt. 2, fasc. 1, 1905, pP, 731, pl. x, oma a:

Note: To the above species which was described by Stimpson from the North China Sea

I refer two male specimens contained in the Sci. Coll. Museum. They were obtained

by a trawler in the Nagasaki Prefecture. Both exhibit a pin-hole-like depression on the

ventral side of the carpus of each cheliped, and seem to be also referable to Alcock’s

E. carpoforaminatus var. nephromma, but not exactly with typical £. carpoforaminatus

of the same author. In fact I am greatly inclined to think that the depression has

escaped Stimpson’s attention and that £. carpoforaminatus var. nephromma Alcock is

identical with his Z. mega/ops. If I am right in this assumption, it follows that

Alcock’s typical £. carpoforaminatus should be called Z. megalops var. carpofora-

minata, which may be distinguishable from typical £. megalops by having, amongst

other points of difference, relatively longer dactyli to second and third pairs cf legs,

the dactyli being about twice (instead of about one and a half times) longer than the

propodite.

The specimens in question, which were at first put into formalin but were after-

wards transferred into 70% alcohol, show a faint purplish red colouration on the anterior

border of carapace and on the dorsal surface of chelipeds and legs. On the legs this

colour tends to occur in the form of cross-bands. On the ventral surface the chelipeds

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 371

and legs are of a nearly uniform ivory white colour. The granules and spinules on

chelipeds and legs as also the entire chelae are nearly white.

Eupagurus middendorfi (Brandt).

Pagurus (Eupagurus) middendorfi, Brandt, Middendorff’s Sibir.

Reise, Krebse, 1849, p. 32, (tab. 5, fig. 2-16).

Eupagurus middendorfi, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

p- 301; Doflein, Fauna Arctica, 1900, p. 646, Abh. bayer. Akad. Wiss.,

CEBIT] Abth..U 1900, p. 64°.

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Eupagurus obtusifrons Ortmann.

Eupagurus obtusifrons, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

DAT

Note: This species and the following three have not come under my examination.

Eupagurus ophthalmicus Ortmann.

Eupagurus ophthalmicus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

pase.

Eupagurus pectinatus Stimpson.

Eupagurus pectinatus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 249; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 220.

Eupagurus pilosipes Stimpson.

Eupagurus pilosipes, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 249; and Smiths. Mise; Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 223.

Eupagurus samuelis Stimpson.

Eupagurus samuelis, Stimpson, (Journ. Boston Soc., 1857, p. 482) ;

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 250; and Smiths. Misc. Coll.,

MUD OO 7, Pa 2245, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb, Syst.) VI, 011892, (pi 301 ;

Holmes, Occas. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., 1900, p. 144; Doflein, Abh.

bayer. Akad. Wiss, Cl. 11, Bd. XXI, Abth. III, 1902, p. 646.

372 A, TERAO:

Eupagurus dubius, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 307,

pl. xii, fig. 14; Doflein, Abh. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Cl. 11, Bd. xx1,

Abth. III, 1902, p. 646.

Note: Very common near Misaki. In the Sci. Coll. Mus. there are several specimens

from Kominato, Prov. Awa; further, two males from Idzugahara, Prov. Tsushima ;

numerous specimens from Hosojima, Prov. Hizen ; and some number of specimens from

Chichi-jima, Bonin Is.

Eupagurus seriespinosus Thallwitz.

Eupagurus seriespinosus, Thallwitz, (Abh. u. Ber. Zool. Mus.

Dresden, 1891, ‘no. 3,, p: 34); Alcock, Cat.) Ind Dee. Cross pe

fasc 11005, p e776

Note: No specimen has Come under my examination.

Eupagurus spinimanus (Brandt).

Pagurus (Eupagurus) bernhardus var. C. spinimana, Brandt,

Sibirische Reise, Zool., 1851, p. 108.

Pagurus (Eupagurus) ochotensis, Brandt, loc. cit.

Bernhardus armatus, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., pt. 1,

1852, p. 442, pl. xxviii, fig. 2, a-c.

Eupagurus armatus, Stimpson, (Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1857,

p. 484).

Eupagurus ochotensis, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 248; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 218; Holmes,

Occas. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., VIII, 1900, p.127: Benedict, Proc:

S. Nat. Mus., (19001, P:1463.

Note: In the Sci. Coll. Mus. there are: two males from Oshika, Prov. Rikuzen; a male

from off Chipesani in Saghalin; and several from Takashima, Prov. Shiribeshi in

Hokkaido.

Eupagurus tricarinatus Stimpson.

Eupagurus tricarinatus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 251; and Smiths) Misc. 'Coll., XLIX,” 1907,) ps 228,

Note: I have not been able to examine this species.

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 373

Eupagurus trigonocheirus Stimpson.

Eupagurus trigonocheirus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, peso. and Smiths. Misc. Coll, «XL 1907, p. 221, ‘pl. xxvi,

fig. 2.

Note: A male from Oshika, Prov. Rikuzen, and several specimens inhabiting the gastropod-

shell-like colonies of a Hydractinia in the Sci. Coll. Mus. I have also found a female in

Mr. M. Nakamura’s collection made in the Niigata Prefecture.

Eupagurus triserratus Ortmann.

Eupagurus triserratus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

D 208, Pl Xi ho 15.

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Genus Paguristes Dana.

Paguristes, Dana, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1851, p. 269);

And AUS RE DIRE sp Crust pt. 1, 1852, pP. 436; Stimpson, Proc:

Acad Nat Sci. Philad., 1858, np. 236 ;-and Smiths. Misc: Coll.,, xLIX,

1907, p. 211; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 77; Milne-

Edwards et Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, XIv, 3. 1893,

p. 32; Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1146; Benedict,

Bulls. We Seekish: Comm, 20972, 1999, p. 143°; Alcock, Cat. iInd., Dec.

Crust apts asc 1 1905, D: 20:

Paguristes acanthomerus Ortmann.

Paguristes acanthomerus, Ortmann, Zool. Jabrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

P1279) Lak 12, Bie..6.

Note: The species occurs in abundance near Misaki. In all the specimens examined the

right cheliped was invariably slightly more massive than the left.

Paguristes barbatus (Heller).

Clibanarius barbatus, Heller, (Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, 1862,

p- 524); and Novara Crust., 1865, p. go, pl. viii, fig. 5.

374 A. TERAO :

Paguristes barbatus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p.

279, pl. xii, fig. 7; Doflein, Abh. bayer. Akad. Wien, Cl. 11, Bd. xxI,

Abth. III, 1902, p. 645.

Note: No specimen has come under my examination

Paguristes digitalis Stimpson.

Paguristes digitalis, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 247; and Smiths. Misc. Coll, XLIx, 1007, p- 212, plz,

fice.

Paguristes kagoshimensis, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

p. 281, ple xu, fig. 26:

Note: Common in the neighbourhood of Misaki, According to Ortmann, this species should

be very nearly allied to, if not identical with, Paguristes barbatus (Heller). As a point

of marked difference between the two, it should be mentioned that, whereas P. barbatus

possesses ten gills in all, ?. digitalis has thirteen of them. Moreover, in the specimens

which I refer to this species the dactylus of crawling legs is distinctly longer than the

propodus, instead of the twe joints being equally long as given for P. bardatus ; and the

abdominal appendages are slightly curved outwards in the distal parts as in ?, acantho-

merus, not straight as they should be in P. dardbatus.

Paguristes palythophilus Ortmann.

Paguristes palythophilus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892,

Ds 277, sp]. En:

Note: ‘There is in the Sci. Coll. Mus. a single male specimen from Misaki which I should

refer to this species, though differing somewhat from Ortmann’s description in two

points, viz. (1) in the rostrum being relatively shorter and not reaching to the extremity

of ophthalmic scales, and (2) in the dactyli being only slightly—instead of considerably

—longer than propodi of ambulatory legs.

Paguristes seminudus Stimpson.

Paguristes seminudus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 247; and Smiths. Misc. Coll. XLIx, 1907, p. 213.

Note: A male and two females from the Nagasaki Prefecture in Mr. R. Saitö’s collection.

In the former the eye-stalks are slender; in the latter which are of a smaller size, they

are stouter. The spinules in the antero-lateral regions of carapace are scarcely recogniz-

able in the females.

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 375

Genus Pagurus Fabricius, sensu stricto.

Pagurus (pars), Fabricius, (Ent. Syst. Suppl, 1798, p. 411);

Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1837, p. 213; de Haan, Faun.

Japon., Crust., 1849, p. 202.

Pagurus, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 449;

Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 233; and Smiths.

Misc. Coll., xLIX, 1907, p. 204; Miers, Cat. Crust. N. Zealand, 1876,

p. 65; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 55; Ortmann, in

Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1146; Milne-Edwards et Bouvier,

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, XIV, 3, 1893, p. 161; Stebbing,

Fist .Crust:, 1893. po Alcock, Cal. Ind: Wee. Crust., pt. 2; fase.

i, 1005ER: 78.

Dardanus, Paulson, (Red Sea Crust., 1875, p. 90); Rathbun,

Proc..U.2S. Nats Mys., 1903, pP 33.

Pagurias, Benedict, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1901, p. 141.

Pagurus arrosor (Herbst).

Cancer arrosor, Herbst, (Krabben, II, 1794, p. 170, pl. xliii,

SD).

Pagurus strigosus, Bosc, (Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1803, p. 77, pl.

XL 1192 3).

Pagurus striatus, Latreille, (Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins, v, 1803,

p. 163); Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, p. 218; de Haan, Faun.

Japon., Crust., 1849, p. 206, pl. xlix, fig. 1; Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Fiist., ser. 5, VIII, 1881, p. 274; Studer, Abh. Ak. Berlin, 1883, p.23;

Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 56; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb.,

Syst., VI, 1892, p. 283; Chevreux et Bouvier, Mém. Soc. Zool. France,

1892, p. 119; Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus., VI, pt. 2, 1900,

p. 166.

Pagurus incisus, Olivier, (Encycl. Méth., vill, 1811, p. 641).

Pagurus arrosor, Milne-Edwards et Bouvier, Crust. Dec. Travail-

leur et Talismann, pt. 1, 1900, p. 178; Moreira, Arch. Mus. Nac.,

376 A. TERAO:

Rio de Jan., XI, 1991, pp. 24,85; Alepck) Cat. Ind. DecieiGruer,

pt. 2, fasc. 1, 1905, pi 168; Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat, ge sersezeel,,

1906, p. 121; Stebbing, Ann. S. Af. Mus., VI, pt. 1, 1908, p. 22; and

VI, pt. 4, IQIO, p. 350.

Note: A male form the Niigata Prefecture, in the collection of Mr. M. Nakamura; a

female from Shidzuoka, Prov. Suruga, and numerous males and females from Misaki, in

the Sci. Coll. Mus.

As the hermit-crab grows larger, the antennal peduncle comes to reach beyond

eyestalk. Medium-sized specimens frequently still show the peduncle shorter than

eyestalk. Near Misaki this species is always found in company with Adamsia rondeletii

(Chiaje) attached to the shell inhabited by it.

Pagurus asper de Haan.

Pagurus asper, de Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust., 1849, p. 208,

pl. x, xlix, fig. 45 Dana, WU. S. Expl xp Cruste Spies

p. 450; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 246; Ort-

mann, in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr., 1894, p. 31; Borradaile, Stoma-

top. and Mac. Willey’s Exped., 1899, pp. 396, 397, 424; Alcock,

Cat. Ind. Dee. Crust. pt. 2, fasci 00 peo ples 12000253

Pagurus pedunculatus, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, v,

1880, p. 374.

?Pagurus sigmoidalis, Zehnter, (Rev. Suisse Zool. Ann. Mus.

Genev, 11, 1894, p. 192, pl. viii, fig. 19 a—b).

Dardanus haani, Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1903

P- 34

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Pagurus deformis »Milne-Edwards.

Pagurus deformis, Milne-Edwards, (Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., sér. 2,

VI, 1836, p: 272, ‘pl. xiv, fig. 2); and Hist. Nat. Crust, IL 1837, pr 222%

Dana, U..S. Expl. Exp, Crust. pt. 1, 1852; p. 449; Stimpson, moe

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 246; and Smiths. Mic. Coll, XLIX,

1907, p. 204; Heller, Novara Crust., 1865, p. 86; de Man, Arch. f.

Nat., LIU, i, 1887, p. 435; and Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XXII, 1888,

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 377

p. 225 ; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 57; and Trans. Linn.

Soc. Zools V, pt 10, 1893, p. 420; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst.,.VI,

1802, p. 288, and in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr. Austral., 1894, p. 31;

Borradaile, P. Z.S. 1898, p. 460; and Stom. and Macrura Willey’s

Exp. sees pr 424 1 Alcock, ‚Cat. ind.) Dee.*'Crust:;) pt- iz; . fasc.. 1,

1005, p. 88, pl. ix, fig. 4; Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat. ge ser., Zool, VI,

1006 92122.

Pagurus cavipes, White, (P. Z.S., 1847, p. 122).

Pagurus cultratus, White, (List Crust. Brit. Mus.. 1848, p. 60).

Dardanus pedunculatus, Rathbun, Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907,

P- 204.

Note: A specimen from Chichishima, Bonin Island, and two specimens from Okinawa,

Loo choos, in the Sci. Coll. Mus.

The specimen from Chichishima has the first three abdominal appendages weakly

triramous. One of the specimens from Okizawa possesses uniramous abdominal appen-

dages; the other is damaged in the abdominal parts. All the three specimens on hand

show two pairs of sexual openings.

Pagurus diogenes Fabricius.

Pagurus diogenes, Fabricius, (Ent. Syst. Suppl, 1798, p. 412);

de Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust., 1849, p. 208; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb.,

SYSt AV] 1802, PP. 282,, 28%

Pagurus aspersus, Berthold. (Rep. aus Neu-Grenada u. Crust. aus

China” 1856, p. 21, pl. u.che, 1):

Note: No specimen has come under my examination,

Pagurus euopsis Dana.

Pagurus euopsis, Dana, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1852,

pez) andtU SEX MED" Crust. pt. 1, p.452, pl. xxwili, he ano;

de Man, Arch. f. Nat. Lim, 1887, p. 429; Henderson, Challenger

Anomura, 1888, p. 58; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst, VI, 1892, p. 286;

and in Sermon’s Forschungsr. Austral., 1894, p. 30; Borradaile, P. Z.

S., 1898, p. 461; and Stom. and Mac. Willey’s Exp., 1899, pp. 396,

378 A. TERAO:

425,; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec..Crust., pt. 2, fasc. 1, 1905, p. 36, pieiz,

fig. 2.

Pagurus depressus, Heller, SB. k. Akad. Wien, xLIV, 1861,

p. 248; Hilgendorf, MB. k. Akad. Berlin, 1878, p. 814; de Man,

Arch if. Nat, linia, 1667, pied sie

Note: A female specimen from Nakanoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, is in the College of

Agriculture and Forestry in Kagoshima, Another female specimen from Okinawa in

the 7th High School. The two above specimens agree well with each other in shape,

and undoubtedly represent typical P. exopsis.

Pagurus impressus de Haan.

Pagurus impressus, de Haan, Faun, Japon., Crust., 1849, p. 207,

tab. EXLIX, fig 13;

Dardanus impressus, Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII,

1902, P. 34.

Note: Five males from Yenoura, Proy. Suruga; and several specimens from the Nagasaki

Prefecture in the Sci. Coll. Mus. Tufts of setae sparsely present in scattered distribution

on the outer surface of left chela, in spite of de Haan’s qualifying it “ glaberrimo.”

Pagurus megistos (Herbst).

Cancer megistos, Herbst, (Krabben, III, 1804, p. 23, pl. xi, fig. 1).

Pagurus megistos, Olivier, (Encycl. Méth., VIII, 1811, p. 639).

Pagurus punctulatus, Olivier, (Encycl. Méth., vil, 1811, p. 641);

Milne-Edwards, Hist. Crust., II, 1837, p. 222; Dana, U.S. Expl.

Exp., Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 451, pl. xxViti, fg. 4a—b; Stimpson; Proc,

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 246; and Smiths. Misc. Coll, XLIX,

1907; p. 205; Heller, Novara Crust., 1865, p. 87; Hilgendorf, in v. d.

Decken’s Reisen in 'Ost-Afr., II, i, 1869, p. 95; Miers, DB. Z.S,0107,

p. 138; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 55 v. 1880, p. 374, and Voyeman

M.S. Alert, 1884, pp. 519, 555; de Man, Arch. f. Nat., LIII, i, 1887,

p. 429; and Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool, XXII, 1888, p. 225; Ortmann,

Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 285; and in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr.

Austral., Crust., 1894, p. 30; Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool., v,

1893, p. 419; Borradaile, P. Z. S., 1898, p. 461, and Stom. and Mac.

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 379

MAIS Exp, 1899, p. 425; Tanehester, (PZ: S. 1902, p. 304;

Alcock,MGatw@indWiDec: Crust., spt. 2) tase: 1, 1905, p. 81, pl. viii,

fig. 1.

Dardanus punctulatus, Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI,

1902, P. 34.

Dardanus megistos, Rathbun, Smiths. Misc. Coll, XLIX, 1907,

DE 205:

Pagurus megistos, Stebbing, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., VI, pt. iv, 1910,

P- 350.

Note: Three males, one each from Bonin Islands, Yayeyama (Loo-choo Is.) and Iriomote-

jima (Loo-choo Is.) in the Sci. Coll. Mus.

As in some other species, the right eyestalk is frequently somewhat shorter than the

left, the difference being sometimes so slight as to be scarcely noticeable. The larger

specimen from the Loo-choos has the inner border of ischium of the left cheliped not

crested but provided with a row of tubercles, varying in shape gradationally from the

simply rounded cf those proximally situated to the somewhat pointed and dome-like of

the distalmost tubercle.

Pagurus platythorax Stimpson.

Pagurus platythorax, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 246; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 206.

Note: A female from Nago Bay (Okinawa, Loo-choos) and another female from near

Kisezaki in the same island are in the collection of the 7th High School in Kagoshima.

Three triramous abdominal appendages present, in which the outer ramus is apically

broadened and the middle ramus is the slendermost of all.

Pagurus setifer Milne-Edward.

Pagurus setifer, Milne-Edwards, (Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 2e sér.,

VI, SSO; ps 274) > and Hist Nate Crust. 11, 1837, pi 225 idechaan,

Faun Japon Crust., 1849, sp 2095) Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dee. ‚Crust,,

pt. 2, fasc. I, 1905, p. 83, pl. viii, fig. 3. Vide etiam de Man, Abh.

Senckenb. Nat. Ges., xXV, 1902, p. 739.

Pagurus sculptipes, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 246; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 205.

Pagurus pavimentatus, Hilgendorf, (MB. k. Akad. Berlin, 1878,

p. 816, pl, iii, fig. 1-5).

380 A. TERAO:

Dardanus sculptipes, Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI,

1002, pr 32:

Note: Abundant near Misaki. Larger specimens of the species agree with P. megtstos in

proportions of some parts, f. i, the eyestalk is larger than the antennular peduncle,

and the greatest breadth of the propodite of third left leg is equal to about two-fifths of

the length of same.

Pagurus vulnerans Thallwitz.

Pagurus vulnerans, Thallwitz, (Abh. u. Ber. K. Zool. Mus.

Dresden, 1890-01, no. 3, p. 33); Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust.. pt. 2,

fasc. LI, T1905, 9.183,

Note: A single male from Wakayama, Prov. Kii, is in the Sci. Coll. Mus. In addition to

all the characters pointed out by Alcock, this specimen shows the following points:

(1) Eye takes up a third part of the terminal joint of eyestalk; (2) eyestalk distinctly

broadened distally ; (3) the greatest breadth of carapace across the branchial region is

equal to about eight-tenths of the length of same in the median line; and (4) the

U-shaped suture line in front of the cervical groove is somewhat divergent anteriorly.

Pagurus watasei, n. sp.

(Texttign 93).

Carapace little depressed, its greatest breadth across branchial

region equal to about seven-eighths the length in the median line ;

with tufts of bristles in the proximity of anterior and antero-lateral

borders. The U-shaped suture-line in front of.

cervical groove somewhat closing anteriorly, in-

stead of diverging.

Eyestalks depressed, broadened distally, shorter

than anterior border of carapace, longer than

antennal but shorter than antennular peduncles.

The corneal area takes up nearly a third part of

the terminal joint of eyestalk. Ophthalmic scales

setose and spinulose at apex, widely separated

ext

Pagurus watasei, n. sp. from each other.

Natural size.

Antennal acicles setose and slightly spinulose,

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 381

reaching to the end of the proximal third of the last joint of antennal

peduncle.

Chelipeds and ambulatory legs thickly beset with thorn-like spines

and tufts of bristles, especially in the last three joints and on exten-

sor surfaces ; with stronger tooth-like spines along the crest-like inner

border of merus and moderately strong spines along the upper inner

border of carpus and of the palm of left cheliped.

Left cheliped much larger than the right, its length equal to

about seven-eighths that of carapace; lower border of palm with a

well-defined series of tubercles.

Ambulatory legs compressed, those of the left side reaching

beyond cheliped of the same side ; those of the right side even longer.

Abdominal appendages well-developed in the female. Abdominal

spur present.

Colour.—In spirit yellowish but reddish towards tip of legs;

numerous minute spots of a reddish colour scattered on carapace,

legs, and abdominal terga; eyestalks with a broad purplish cross-

band ; bristles yellowish. Formalin specimens show punctulation of a

darker colour; bristles reddish or brownish red and mostly yellowish

distally.

Note: The type specimen is a female from Kome-no-tsu, Prov. Satsuma. It is preserved

in the Sci. Coll. Mus. Carapace length 32 mm. Further, there are in the same

collection two males, one from Proy. Kii and the other from the Nagasaki Prefecture ;

a female from Tempözan, Prov. Satsuma, in the collection of the Kagoshima II. Middle

School; a male in Mr. R. Saitö's collection ; and finally, a male in the collection of the

Tokyo Higher Normal School.

This species is Closely allied to Pagurus megistos (Herbst), but differs from it in

the shorter eyestalks, in the punctulation being of a reddish instead of a whitish colour,

and in the convergently U-shaped suture-line in front of cervical groove. ‘This species

is also very near to P. diogenes Fabricius but is distinguishable by the left chela being

not so much shortened as in the latter species.

Pagurus wood-masoni Alcock.

Pagurus wood-masoni, Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crusti, pt. 2,

fasc.0I, (1905, pr 85, pl. ix, fie. 3.

382 A. TERAO:

Note: A male specimen from Nago Bay, Okinawa (Loo-choss) in the collection of the

7th High School, Kagoshima. Contrary to Alcock’s description, the lower border of

hand of the larger cheliped is not serrated, but is occupied by black spinules ana

turbercles which are densest along that border. Bristles are of a brownish carmine

colour; crossbands absent.

Genus Parapagurus Smith, sensu extenso.

Parapagurus, Smith, Trans, Connect. Acad. v, 1879, p. 50; and

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, x, 1882, p. 20; Henderson, Chal-

lenger Anomura, 1888, p. 85; Milne-Edward et Bouvier, Mem. Mus.

Comp. Zool. Harvard, xIV, no. 3, 1893, p. 26; and Hirondelle Crust.,

Brachyures et Anomures, Monaco, 1894, p. 63; Stebbing, Hist. Crust.,

1893, p. 166; Holmes, Synop. Calif. Stalk-eyed Crust., 1900, p. 55;

Alcock, Cat. Ind. Deep-Sea Crust., 1901, p. 216; and Cat. Ind. Deg

Crust pt: 2, Masc 1, 19055) P.298-

Sympagurus, Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, VI, 1883, p. 37;

Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 52; Milne-Edwards et

Bouvirer, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, XIv, no. 3, 1893, p. 58;

and Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XXII, 1897, p. 131; and Crust. Déc. Hiron-

delle et Princesse-Alice, Monaco, 1899, pp. 55, 56; Stebbing, Hist.

Crust., 1893, p. 166; Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca,

p. 1145; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Deep-Sea Crust., 1901, p. 203; and ‘Gat,

Ind. Dec... Grust., Spt. ;alasc. 1, 1905, Pros:

Note: Smith separated Sympagurus from Parapagurus merely on the ground that while in

the former the arrangement of gill-plates is biserial in the latter it is quadriserial

However, this distinction can not always be carried out with exactness, since in Sy»1#a-

gurus nudus Milne-Edwards it is known that some gills have the plates quadriserially

arranged, though those forming the outer series on both sides are rudimentary. The

new species, which will soon be described under the name of Parapagurus ijimai, is

another example in which the gill-plates are in a way intermediate between being

biserial and quadriserial, in that the biserial gill-plates are each bifid at the distal end.

Under these circumstances it seems to me advisable to reunite the two genera.

Parapagurus diogenes (Whitelegge).

Sympagurus diogenes, Whitelegge, Mem. Aust. Mus., Iv, pt. 2,

1900, -p- 172, pl. xxx, nes

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS, 383

Note: A single female from Prov. Kii in the Sci. Coll. Mus., showing some _ insignificant

points of disagreement from Whitelegge’s description.

Parapagurus ijimai, n. sp.

(Textfig. 4).

Carapace as long as broad, with tufts of long, anteriorly direct-

ed setae distributed mainly in the middle transverse zone. The

Textfig. 4.

Parapagurus ijimai, n. sp. a, carapace; 4, right cheliped; c, left cheliped ;

d, 2nd right leg; e, 3rd right legs; /, 4th left leg; g; 5th left leg; %, Ist right

abdominal appendage; 7, 2ndjright abdominal appendage; 7, telson; %, gill-

plate; a—e, x4; f, g, X2; 4-7, X33 % X25.

384 A. TERAO:

well-calcified portion in front of the cervical groove is broader than

long, its length in the median line being equal to about eight-ninths

of the greatest breadth. Rostrum broad but not rounded off, slightly

prominent, weakly carinated. Left antero-lateral angle tipped with a

small tooth, which is absent on the right.

Eyestalks slightly setose dorsally, broadened distally and slightly

inflated at base, half as long as the front border of carapace, reaching

far beyond the first joint of antennular peduncle and the penultimate

joint of antennal peduncle. Eyes large ; ophthalmic scales simple, acute.

Antennular peduncles slightly compressed, as long as the anterior

border of carapace, the terminal joint shorter than half their total

length; upper flagellum nearly as long as the terminal joint.

Antennal peduncles stout, reaching a short way beyond the end

of the second? joint of antennular penduncle ; acicles long, reaching to

the middle of the terminal joint of antennal peduncle, curved, setose,

faintly serrulate along the inner edge ; flagellum wanting.

Right cheliped much larger than the left, nearly three times as

long as carapace, more or less copiously covered all over with long

soft hairs, which are densest on merus and upper surface of chela;

chela ovato-lanceolate, all other joints elongate; carpus as long as

palm and longer than merus; dactylus slightly shorter than palm;

upper and lower borders of palm granulous.

The slender left cheliped reaches almost to base of dactylus of

the right cheliped ; all joints covered with long soft hairs; merus as

long as carpus and longer than palm; dactylus longer than palm;

with about twenty irregularly disposed granules on the upper border

of carpus and a few sparsely set granules on the lower border of

palm ; under surface of merus and ischium granulous.

Second and third pairs of legs compressed, with a tiny spinule at

the distal end of the anterior border of carpus. Merus of the second

pair of legs has the lower border well-defined ; ischium with a number

of granules on the lower border.

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 385

Gill-plates biserial, each plate bifid at tip, broad.

Colour in spirit greenish; eyestalks whitish. The peculiar

greenish colour of the body is probably due to the verdigris which

was produced by the brass-wire used to keep together the broken

feet. The alcohol in which the specimen has been preserved also

shows a faintly greenish colour.

Note: This new species is based on a male specimen in the S. C. Mus.; it is labelled Oki-

nosé, Sagami Sea; 290 fathoms ; May 5th, 1899, Kuma coll. The species is closely

allied to P. pi/osimanus, but differs from this in the much broader shape of the eyestalk.

It is also near to P. douviert, but is distinguishable by the pleopods being apically not

so much broadened as in the latter species.

Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith.

Parapagurus pilosimanus, Smith, Trans. Connect. Acad., v, 1879,

p. 51; and Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883; p. 33, pl. v, fig. 3-5, and

pl. vi, fig. 1-4a; and Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, x, 1882,

p. 20, pl. ii, fig. 4; Milne-Edwards et Bouvier, Mem. Mus, Comp.

ZOO! 32V Ores. 1603, D 28; ande Crust. Décap. Travailleur et

Talısman, pt. 7, 1000, p. 187, pie vi, fig. 2, and pl. xxiv; fig’ 1-3;

Aicock Cate Ind. Dec. Crust; ‘pt. 2; fase. I, 1905, p. 99; pl. x, fig. 1.

Eupagurus jacobit, Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII,

1880, p. 42.

Parapagurus abyssorum, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888,

p. 87, pl. ix, fig. 2; Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891,

p. 199; Milne-Edwards et Bouvier, Crust. Decap. Travailler et Talis-

man, pt. I, 1900, p. 191, pl. xxiv, fig. 4-6.

Note; No specimen has come under my examination.

Genus Spiropagurus Stimpson.

Spiropagurus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858

p. 236; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 214; Henderson, Chal-

lenger Anomura, 1888, p. 71; Milne-Edwards et Bouvier, Mem. Mus.

Comp. Zool. Harvard, XIV, No. 3, 1893, p. 110; Stebbing, Hist.

386 A. TERAO:

Crust., 1893, p. 165; Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca,

p. 1145; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec, Crust., pt. 2; fasc. 1, 1905, pany.

Spiropagurus spiriger (de Hann)..

Pagurus spiriger, de Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust., 1849, p. 206,

plie ee;

Spiropagurus spiriger, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,

1858, p. 248; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 214; Henderson,

Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 72; and Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., v,

1893, p. 425; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst, VI, 1892, p. 297; Lan-

chester, P. Z.S., 1902, Il, p. 364; Rathbun, Proc.,U. S: Nat. Mus,

XXVI, 1902, p. 37; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust., 2, fasc. 1, 2095,

p. 118, pl. xin, fig. 1:

Note: A male from Wakayama, Proy. Kii, and many specimens from the Nagasaki Prefec-

ture in the Sci, Coll. Mus.

Family Coenobitidae Dana.

Cenobitide, Dana, U. Sì. Expl. (Exp, Crust, ps Mast;

PP. 432, 435; Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 232;

Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 49; Stebbing, Hist. Crust.,

1893, p. 155; Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1146;

Alcock, Cat. Ind, Dec, Crust pt. 2, fast. 5, 1005, “pa 135

Genus Birgus Leach.

Birgus, Leach, (Trans, Linn. Soc, XI, 1885, ‘p. 337); Milne-

Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 244; de Hann, Faun. Japon.,

Crust., 1849, p. 203; Dana,°U: 5S.) Expl: Exp, (Crust, piso,

p. “435 ;' Stimpson, Prog’. Acad. Naty Sci. Philad, 1858, poz3z5

Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 49; Stebbing, Hist. Crust.,

1893, p. 156; Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1147;

Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust., pt. 2, fasc. 1, 1905, p. 148:

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 387

Birgus latro (Linné).

Cancer latro, Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, II, 1767, p. 1049.

Birgus latro, Leach, (Trans. Linn. Soc. XI, 1815, p. 337); Milne-

Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 246; de Haan, Faun. Japon.,

Grust 1849, pP, 212; Dana US, Expl Exp. Crust., ‘pt 1, 1852,

p. 474, pl. xxx, fig. 5; Hilgendorf, in v. d. Decken’s Reisen Ost-Afr.,

III, i, 1860, p. 100; Brocchi, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 6e sér., II, 1875,

rt. 2, 92139, PIE KW 44% Sulim,, Zeits. fo'wiss: Zool: XXVI, 1875,

p. 73; Semper, Zeits. f. wiss. Zool., Xxx, 1878, p. 282; Miers, Zool.

“Alert,” 1884, p: 555; Bourne, P. Z. S.,* 1886, p.-334; Henderson,

Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 50; de Man, Arch. f. Nat., LIMI, i,

1887, p. 453; and Abh. Senck. Ges., 1902, p. 751; Tashiro, Zool. Mag.,

I, 1889, p. 76 (in Japanese), pl. iii; Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb., Sys., VI,

1892, p. 319; and in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1235; Stebb-

ing, Hist. Crust., 1893, p. 156; Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus., III,

1897, p. 140; Borradaile, P. Z.S., 1898, p. 458; and 1899, p. 937;

and Stom. and Mac. Willey's Exp., 1899, pp. 397, 426; and 1900,

pp. 585-590; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust. 2, fasc. 1, 1905, p. 150,

pl. xvi.

Birgus laticauda, Latreille, (Desmarest Dict Sci. Nat, xXVIII,

1823, P. 290).

Note: A female from Yayeyama, Loo-choos, in the Sci, Coll. Mus.

Genus Coenobita Latreille.

Cenobita, Latreille, (Fam. Nat. du Regne Anim., 1826, p. 276);

Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 238; de Haan, Faun.

Japen., Crust, 1849, p» 203; Dana, U. S.. Expl.. Exp., Crust., pt. 1,

1852, p. 435; Stimpson, Proc. Acad., Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 232;

Hilgendorf, in v. d. Decken’s Reisen Ost-Afr., Crust., III, i, 1869,

p- 97; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 50; Ortmann, Zool.

Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 315; and in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacos-

388 A. TERAO:

traca, p. 1146; Stebbing, Hist. Crust., 1893, p. 159; Alcock, Cat. Ind.

Dec. ‘Crust., pt, 2, "asc 7, 1905, 1p. 8030;

Ceenobita cavipes Stimpson.

Canobita cavipes, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858,

p. 245; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 200; de Man, Abh.

Senckenb, Nat. Ges., XXIV, 1902, p. 743, pl. xxiv, fig. 46; Alcock,

Cat. Ind, Dec, Crust., pt. 2, fasc. 1, 1905, pP. 146, pl piv, heran

C. violascens, Heller, (Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, XII, 1862,

p. 524); and Novara Crust.. 1865, p. 82, pl. viii, fig. 1; Hilgendorf,

in v. d. Decken’s Reisen Ost-Afr., II, i, 1869, p. 99, pl. vi, fig. 3b;

de Man, Arch. £ \Nat., LIII,: 1887, 1, p. 453; and Journ. Tina. pc.

Zool., XXII, 1888, p. 255.

C. compressa, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, v, 1880, p. 371.

C. compressus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 318,

pl. xii; fig. 23; Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc, Zool., V, 1893, p. A710:

Borradaile, Stomatop. and Macr. Willey’s Exp., 1899, pp. 396, 397,

198, 425; Lanchester, P. Z. S., 1902, II, p. 368.

Note: This species may be only a varietal form of C. rugosus. But no specimen on hand

stands quite in harmony with Stimpson’s description of that species. Therefore, it had

better be placed distinct from it until a larger supply of materials makes possible

a thorough revision of these Coenobite forms.

Coenobita hilgendorfi, n. nom.

Cenobita clypeata, Latreille, (Fam. Nat. Règne Anim., 1826,

p. 277); Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 239; Dana,

U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust; pt. 1, 1852, p-473, pl. xxx; 1624, Helen

Novara Crust., 1865, p, 82; Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat., ser. 5, V, 1880,

p. 371; Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 51.

C. clypeatus, Hilgendorf, in v. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afr.,

III, i, 1869, p. 98, pl. vi, fig. 3c, 4a; de Man, Arch. f. Nat., LUI, i,

1887, p. 452; and Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges, XXV, 1902, p. 741,

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 389

pl. xxiv, fig. 44; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 316,

ple xing: 20; Borradaile, P5Z..5., 1898, ps 459; and Stom. and

Mac. Willey’s Exp., 1899, p. 425; Alcock, Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust.,

Die) 2 ASC 1905, p. 142; pl. xv, figs i, ra,

Note: Five males and six females’ from Botel Tobago Island, Formosa, preserved in the Sci.

Coll. Mus.

On Hilgendorf’s authority (1. c.), we learn that Cancer clypeatus Herbst (1794) is

not identical with Latreille’s Canodbita clypeata (1826) but is the same as Caenobita

diogenes M.-Edw. (1837). It then follows that the proper designation for the last men-

tioned species should be Cenodbita clypeatus (Herbst). Since, now, this C. clypeatus

(Herbst) is clearly a species distinct from C. c/ypeata Latr., the latter must receive a

new specific name. Consequently I have proposed to call it Cænobita hilgendorfi.

Canobita rugosus Milne-Edwards.

Cenobita rugosa, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837,

py 2A eerauss,esudair, Crust, 1843, pP: 212; Dana, U. S. Expl.

EXP. ACT OP 1862, Dr 471 pl xxx, fos 1; Stimpson; .Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 245; and Smiths. Misc. Coll, XLIx,

1907, p. 199; Heller, Novara Crust., 1865, p. 82; Henderson, Chal-

lenger Anomura, 1888, p. 51; and Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., v, 1893,

p. 410.

C. rugosus, Hilgendorf, in v. d. Decken’s Reisen Ost-Afr., II, i,

1869, p. 99, pl. vi, fig. 2, 3a, 4b; Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.

RIST, 1970 speso; den Many Arche, f Nat., EI, i, 1887, pi. 452 ;

Ortmann, Zoo! Jahrb, Syst, v1, 1892, p. 317, pl. xii, fig. 22;

Borradaile, P. Z. S., 1898, p. 460; and Stom. and Mac. Willey’s Exp.,

PP: 397, 425); Lanehester, b. 2.5.2 1902, Il, p. 368 ; Alcock, Cat. Ind.

Deéc.Crust pt. 2, fase.) 1521905, p.. 143, pl. xiv, fig.3, 3a.

C. compressa var. rugosa, Bouvier,2 (Bull. Soc. Philom., 8e sér.,

III, 1890-91, p. 21).

C. clypeata, Owen, (Zool. “Blossom,” Crust., 1839, p. 85, pl.

SV EHE 3).

C. compressus, de Man, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges., XXV, 1902,

p. 742, pl. xxiv, fig. 45.

390 A. TERAO:

C. purpurea, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858,

p. 245; and Smiths. Misc. Coll., XLIX, 1907, p. 198.

Note: In the Sci. Coll. Mus. there are of this species: a male from Oshima, Prov. Idzu,

and several specimens from Bonin Islands, Loo-choos, and from Tansui in Formosa. A

male specimen exists also in Mr. M. Nakamura’s collection made in the Niigata Prefec-

ture but there is ground to assume that the specimen was not captured at that locality,

but was brought over from a warmer region. The presence or absence of an oblique

file on the outer surface of left chela can not be much relied upon as an important

specific character, for I find that in some individuals it is not at all or but so very little

developed as to be scarcely distinguishable as such. ‘The outer surface of the propodus

and dactytus of the third left leg is sometimes simply rounded; in other cases it shows

a longitudinal edge which is generally ill-defined but may sometimes be sharply defined,

The coxal elongation of the fifth pair of legs is in no case so elongate as has been figured

by authors (f. i., by Alcock, op. cit., pl. xiv, fig. 2a), and that even in those individuals

which come close to C. perlatus. Although the material at my disposal does not suffice

to form a complete connecting series between C. rugosus and C. perZatus, yet I am

greatly inclined to think from a consideration of the above mentioned facts that some

day it may become necessary to unite these species into one.

Family Pylochelidae Spence Bate.

Pylochelide, Spence Bate, Challenger Macrura, 1888, p. 11;

Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1144; Alcock, In-

vestigator Mac. and Anom., 1899, p. 209; and Cat. Ind. Dec. Crust.,

pt. 2, fasc. 1, 190 D, 13:

Genus Pomatocheles Miers.

Pomatocheles, Miers, P.Z.S., 1879, p. 49; Alcock, Cat. Ind.

Déc. Crust. pt. 2, SC. 1005, pitt:

Pomatocheles jeffreysii Miers.

Pomatocheles jeffreysü, Miers, P. Z.S., 1879, p. 49, pl. iii, fig. 2.

Note: Three females with eggs from Misaki in the Sci. Coll, Mus.

Genus Pylocheles Milne-Edwards.

Pylocheles, Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard,

VIII, 1880, p. 38; Milne-Edwards et Souvier, Mem. Mus. Comp.

Zool. Harvard, XIv, no. 3, 1893, p. 17; Stebbing, Hist. Crust., 1893,

JAPANESE HERMIT-CRABS. 391

p. 169; Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thierreich, Malacostraca, p. 1144;

Alcock, Investigator Mac. and Anom., 1899, p. 209; also in Cat. Ind,

DeceGrust;, pt. 2, fasc. 15 1905, p. 14:

Pylocheles spinosus Henderson.

Pyloches spinosus, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, 1888, p. 101,

pl. xi, fig. 1; Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst, VI, 1892, p. 274.

Note: No specimen has come under my examination.

Postscriptum.

The following species should be added to the above catalogue,

though I have not been able to examine it myself.

Eupagurus ortmanni Balss.

Eupagurus ortmanni, Balss, Zool. Anz., Bd. XXXVIII, tgtt, p. 7.

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187

Pritt

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CONTENTS.

Die Cixiinen Japans.

Von 5, MATSUMURA Se

On Four Polycystid Gregarines ' from the Intestine of Zribolum

ferrugineum F. (With 4 figures).

By S. ISHII :

Notizen über japanische Ascidien, II. (Mit 76 PESI

Von A. OKA. . pre

Uber eine neue Art von Trichostrongylus aus dem Darme des

Menschen in Japan | (Trichostrongylus orientalis n. Sp.).

(Hierzu Taf. V).

Von K. JIMBG..

The RER EE of Japan.

QE By H. OHSHIMA

Note on a New Termitophilous Coleoptera found in Formosa

(Ziaelas formosanus). (With Plate VI),

By S. HOZAWA.

On the Osmylinz of Japan.

By W. NAKAHARA... 5

On a new Epicaridan Isopod (Athelges takanoshimensis sp. nov.)

from Eupagurus samuelis Stimp. (With Plate VIZ).

By S. ISHII. 4

Notes on Japanese Protozoa with Figures and Description of New

and Rare Species. (With Plate VIII).

By C.H. EDMONDSON and R.H. KINGMAN.

PAGE

393

435

443

459

467

483

489

519

531

Die Cixiinen Japans.

Von

Prof. S. Matsumura, Rigakuhakusht.

Unter meinem Cixiinen Material habe ich 46 Arten gefunden, von

welchen 2 Gattungen und 42 Arten neu sind und deren wissenschaft-

liche Diagnosen ich hier folgen lassen will. Die aufgefundenen Arten

verteilen sich auf 10 Gattungen, namentlich, Macrocixius (n. g.),

Cixius, Kuvera, Betacixius (n. g.), Oliarus, Trirhacus, Brixia,

Kirbyana, Mundopa und Barma. Die Gattungen Cixius und Oliarus

kommen in der ganzen Welt vor, also sind Kosmopoliten. Die fünf

Gattungen—Kuvera, Brixia, Kirbyana, Mundopa und Barma—sind

bis jetzt nur fiir Ost-Indien nachgewiesen, kommen aber nach meinem

Befunde auch in Formosa vor. Weiter ist die Gattung Kuvera

sonderbarerweise auch in Nordjapan sehr häufig zu Hause. Während

Macrocixius dann und wann in Südjapan und Formosa angetroffen

wird, beschränkt sich Befacixius so weit wie bekannt nur auf Mittel-

japan, Formosa und Siidchina.

Das benutzte Material wurde grôsstenteils vom Verfasser selbst

gesammelt. Doch wurde ein Teil desselben ihm zugestellt aus Oki-

nawa Insel von Herrn K. Kuroiwa; aus Formosa von Herren T.

Shiraki, M. Ishida und I. Nitobe; und aus Mitteljapan von Herren

Y. Nawa und S. Iguchi. Allen den genannten Herren spreche ich

hiermit meinen herzlichen Dank aus.

Macrocixius gen. n.

Der Form nach Cirius Latr. sehr ähnlich, unterscheidet sich

jedoch wie folgt:

1. Scheitelrand sehr hoch, der in der Mitte des Scheitels sich

befindliche Längskiel undeutlich oder sehr niedrig, am Ende mit

304 S. MATSUMURA:

einem hohen und fast geraden Querkiele ; am Stirngipfel verläuft auch

ein gerader Querkiel und bildet mit dem Scheitelquerkiel eine breite

Querfurche.

2. Gesicht schmal, in der Mitte etwas breiter, Stirn ausgehöhlt,

der Mittelkiel niedrig, sodass der Clypeus ovalförmig sich etwas erhebt.

3. Rostrum lang, die Mitte des Hinterleibs erreichend, das zweite

Glied viel länger als das dritte.

4. Elytren fast wie beim Czazus nervirt, nur an der Spitze mit

2 gegabelten Endnerven; die sämmtlichen Nerven ohne Kérnchen.

Der Gabelnerv des Clavus liegt ganz dicht am Rande.

Typus: Macrocixius giganteus Mats.

Macrocixius giganteus sp. n. (Fig. 1.)

Castanienbraun. Scheitel fast so lang wie der Abstand zwischen

den Augen, an den Seiten gelblich, Gesicht an den Seiten in der

Fig. 1. Macrocixius giganteus sp. n.

I, Scheitel und Thorax. 2, Gesicht. 3, Dieselbe von der Seite.

4, Elytre. 5, Hinterflügel,

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 395

Mitte gelblich gefleckt. Rostrum gelblich, an der Spitze bräunlich.

Pronotum mit helleren Kielen. Mesonotum in der Scheibe ziemlich

tief ausgehöhlt, beim £ gelblichbraun. Elytren hyalin, Nerven gelblich,

hie und da bräunlich checkirt und behaart, Stigma und einige

zerstreuten Fleckchen nahe der Spitze dunkel gefärbt, beim ? einige

zerstreute Fleckchen nahe der Mitte des Coriums und 3 Fleckchen im

Costalfelde bräunlich. Unterseite castanienbraun, beim $ etwas heller,

Hinterbrust gelblich. Beine bräunlich, Tibien und Tarsen gelblich, die

ersteren mit zwei bräunlichen Flecken, die letzteren je an der Spitze

etwas verbräunt. |

$ Genitalsegment compremirt, lang, unten rundlich tief aus-

gebuchtet, in der unteren Ausbuchtung mit einem dreickigen Fort-

satze; Griffel an der Basis schmal, zusammen eine Ellipse umsch-

liessend, an der Spitze beilförmig stark erweitert.

? mit Bauchsegment 5 tief und fast rechtwinkelig ausgerandet.

Länge:7 fo mm; 11 mm.

Hab.: Kiushu (Kagoshima); 3 (1 $, 2 ?) Exemplare gesammelt

vom Verfasser.

Cixius Latr.

Hist. Nat. Ins. XII, P. 310 (1803-4).

1. Cixius nervosus L.

Cicada nervosa L. F. S. P. 882 (1761).

Hab.: Sachalin, Hokkaido (Sapporo), nicht häufig. Sonstige

Fundorte: Europa und Nordafrika.

2. Cixius bicolor sp. n.

è Dunkelbraun. Scheitel fast so lang wie breit, Seitenkiele hoch

und je in der Mitte blassgelblich gefleckt, der hintere winkelige

Querkiel nach vorn gebogen, fast parallel mit dem vorderen Quer.

396 S. MATSUMURA?

kiele, das vordere Grübchen durch den Längskiel nicht getrennt.

Gesicht gelblich, Stirnthälchen bräunlich. Pronotum und Deckschuppen

gelblich, das erste in der Mitte bräunlich gefärbt. Elytren subhyalin,

weisslich getrübt, Nerven weisslich, bräunlich gekörnelt und spärlich

behaart; beim $ nahe der Wurzel mit 2 bräunlichen Querbinden,

beim ? die Basalhälfte bräunlich, bei einem % Exemplare auch die

Basalhälfte bräunlich, der Spitzendrittel der Elytren dunkelbräunlich

gefleckt, nahe der Spitze eine undeutliche, bräunliche Querbinde, fast

in der Mitte am Costalrande ein dunkles Fleckchen, Stigma dunkel-

braun. Brust und Beine gelblich, Bauch dunkel.

§ Genitalien gelblich, in der unteren Ausbuchtung ein dreieckiger

Fortsatz, Griffel an der Basis schmal, zusammen ein Oval umsch-

liessend, am Ende rundlich breit erweitert.

2 mit Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande bogig ausgerandet.

Langer 176mm, 16155 mam?

Hab.: Formosa (Horisha, Rinkiho); gesammelt in 5 (3 è, 2 ©)

Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

3. Cixius arisanus sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Scheitel, Gesicht, Rostrum, Deckschuppen

und Pronotum etwas heller gefärbt, die sämmtlichen Längskiele an

den äussersten Rändern bräunlich; der winkelige Querkiel des Schei-

tels vorn abgerundet, fast parallel mit dem vorderen Kiele ; Gesicht

an jeder Seite gelblich gefleckt, Rostrum an der Spitze kaum ver-

bräunt. Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getrübt, Nerven blassgelblich,

gelbbräunlich fein gekörnelt, mit zahlreichen, langen, dunkelbräun-

lichen Härchen ; Körnchen am Costalrande etwas feiner als auf den

Nerven ; eine wellenartige bräunliche Querbinde zieht von der Mitte

des Clavus an bis zum Costalnerven ; im Costalfelde nahe der Mitte

mit 3 bräunlichen Querflecken, Clavus nahe der Basis mit einem

bräunlichen Flecke, in der Mitte und nahe der Spitze unregelmässig

bräunlich gefleckt; Quernerven, Bogenrand und Stigma bräunlich.

DIE CIXIINEN' JAPANS. 397

Unterseite und Beine gelblich, Bauch bräunlich, Segmentränder weiss-

lichgelb.

? mit Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande flach ausgerandet.

Länge: 2 7 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan); gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare

vom Verfasser.

Der Zeichnung nach C. drachveranus Fieb. etwas ähnlich.

4, Cixius ibukisanus sp. n.

Scheitel und Gesicht gelblich, die hinteren Scheitelgrübchen

dunkelbräunlich, die vorderen Grübchen ohne Längskiel, die Kiele

gelblich, nur die Seitenkiele des Scheitels an den äussersten Rändern

braunlich. Wangen bräunlich. Pronotum und Deckschuppen blass-

gelblich. Mesonotum gelblichbraun, am Vorder- und Hinterrande

dunkelbraun. Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getrübt, die Nerven gelblich,

bräunlich gekörnelt, die Körnchen auf der Basalhälfte etwas grösser

als auf der Apicalhalfte, am Costalrande in der Mitte mit 3 dunklen,

fast gleich entfernten Fleckchen, von deren mittlere Flecke an bis

zur Clavusmitte eine undeutliche, bräunliche Querbinde hinzieht.

Clavus nahe der Basis und am Rande nahe der Mitte je mit einem

bräunlichen Fleckchen, Apicalfeld hie und da undeutlich bräunlich

gefleckt, Stigma gelblichbraun, bräunlich gekörnelt. Unterseite und

Beine gelblich, nur die Vorderbrust und der Bauch castanienbraun.

? mit Bauchsegment 5 breit rundlich ausgebuchtet, Bauchsegment

6 am Hinterrande flach ausgerandet, weisslich gesäumt.

Lange: 7 7:5 mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Berg Ibuki); 1 $ Exemplare gesammelt von

Herrn Y. Nawa.

Der Zeichung nach etwas C. brachycranus Fieb. ähnlich.

398 S. MATSUMURA:

5. Cixius tappanus sp. n.

Hellbraunlichgelb, Scheitel etwas 5-eckig, vorn stumpfwinkelig,

die vorderen Scheitelgrübchen dreieckig ; die seitlichen Scheitelkiele in

der Mitte mit einem blassgelblichen Fleckchen; Rostrum an der

Spitze bräunlich; Wangen oberhalb der Augen und das Pronotum an

den Seiten pechbraun ; Pronotum schmutziggelb. Elytren hyalin, ein

wenig gelblich getrübt, Nerven gelblich, braunlich gekôrnelt, mit

langen, bräunlichen Härchen; die Körnchen nahe der Basis des Cos-

talrandes, und dieselbe am Clavusrande deutlich grösser als auf den

Nerven ; die Costalbasis und ein Längsstrich an der Basis des Clavus

dunkelbraun; Stigma briunlich, in der Mitte mit einem dunklen

Striche, äusserlich gelblich gerandet, fein behaart; ein Fleck nahe der

Mitte des Costalfeldes, ein Fleck an der Innenseite des Stigma und

5 etwa pfeilformige Flecke in jeder Apicalzelle dunkelbraun, Endnerven

je an der Spitze dunkel gefleckt. Unterseite und Beine gelblich,

letztes Bauchsegment dunkelbraun.

$ In der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegments mit einem

zapfenförmigen Fortsatze, die seitlichen Lappen gelblich, Griffel nahe

der Basis eine Ellipse umschliessend, am Ende breit rundlich erweitert ;

Afterröhre an der Spitze jederseits mit einem stumpfen Fortsatze.

anges 277 "mm:

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan); gesammelt in 4 $ Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

6. Cixius kuyanianus sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Der Hinterquerkiel des Scheitels flach abge-

rundet, mit dem Vorderkiel fast parallel, Hintergriibchen etwas halb

so lang wie der Abstand zwischen den Augen. Clypeus an der

Spitze jederseits bräunlich gefleckt. Scheitel, Rostrum, Pronotum und

Deckschuppen blassgelblich, Rostrum an der Spitze kaum verbräunt.

Mesonotum an den Seiten bräunlich, an der Spitze querrunzelig.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 399

Elytren subhyalin, schmutziggelb getrübt, Nerven blassgelblich, bräun-

lich fein gekörnelt, bräunlich mässig behaart, nahe der Mitte mit

einer den Clavus nicht erreichenden, bräunlichen Schrägsbinde, Costal-

rand in der Mitte mit 3 dunklen Fieckchen; Clavus nahe der Basis

und in der Mitte am Rande je mit einem bräunlichen Flecke, in der

Mitte des Coriums und an der Spitze je mit 2 bräunlichen Flecken,

Stigma fast von der Grundfarbe, fein gekörnelt und behaart.

Ünterseite und Beine gelblich, Schenkel mehr oder wenig ver-

bräunt, an den Spitzen gelblich; Bauch beim $ dunkelbraun, beim %

gelblichrot, die Segmentränder des Conexivums beim $ karminrot.

4 In der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegments mit einem

breiten dreieckigen Fortsatze, Griffel an der Basis ein Oval umschlies-

send, am Ende je fast breit beilförmig erweitert, Afterröhre gelblich,

am Unterrande abgerundet.

$ Bauchsegment 6 breit rundlich ausgebuchtet.

Lange pis mm, , 2.6.5 mm. :

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan); 5 (3 3, 2 f) Exemplare gesammelt

vom Verfasser.

Der Form und Färbung nach C. tappanus etwas ähnlich.

7. Cixius hachijonis sp. n.

Bräunlichgelb. Scheitel und Gesicht gelblich, die Kiele an den

äussersten Rändern braunlich. Antennen weisslich. Pronotum gelb-

lich. Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getrübt, Nerven gelblich, sehr fein

bräunlich gekörnelt, die Körnchen an der Costa deutlich feiner als

auf den Nerven; im Costalfelde in der Mitte mit 3 bräunlichen, fast

gleich entfernten Fleckchen, Corium nahe der Mitte mit einem fast

rechtwinkelig gebrochenen, bräunlichen Querflecke, Apicalquernerven

bräunlich gesäumt, Stigma gelblich, fein gekörnelt. Unterseite und

Beine blassgelblich, Rostrum an der Spitze kaum verbräunt.

$ Legescheide bräunlich, Bauchsegment 5 rundlich ausgebuchtet,

flach ausgerandet.

400 S. MATSUMURA :

Länge: 2.4575 doom:

Hab.: Hachijo Insel; ein $ Exemplar gesammelt vom Verfasser.

Der Form nach C. cingulatus m. etwas ähnlich, aber die Deck-

nerven viel feiner gekörnelt.

8 Cixius kommonis sp. n.

Gelblichbraun. Scheitel deutlich kürzer als der Abstand zwischen

den Augen, der hintere Querkiel nach vorn gebogen und fast parallel

mit dem vorderen Kiele, die vorderen und hinteren Grübchen gleich

lang, der Längskiel des vorderen Grübchen undeutlich ; die Kiele des

Gesichtes gelblich. Pronotum am hinteren Rande schmutziggelb.

Mesonotum hellbräunlichgelb, an den Seiten bräunlich, an der Spitze

querrunzelig. Elytren subhyalin, weisslich getrübt, Nerven subhyalin,

weisslich, mit bräunlichen Körnchen und langen bräunlichen Härchen

besetzt, Körnchen an der Costalbasis und am Clavus deutlich grösser

als diejenigen auf den Nerven ; Costalfeld mit 3 bräunlichen Fleck-

chen, welche am Costalrande dunkler gefärbt sind. Basis, Clavus,

Corium und Apicalfeld meistens bandartig bräunlich gefleckt, Stigma

und das Spitzenfeld am unteren Rande bräunlich. Rostrum gelblich,

das dritte Glied verbräunt. Brust und Beine vorwiegend schmutzig-

gelb, Vorderbrust an den Seiten bräunlich, Schenkel verbräunt, an

den Spitzen blassgelblich; Bauch dunkelbraun.

§ In der unteren Ausbuchtung mit einem rundlichen Fortsatze,

Griffel an der Basis cylindrisch, zusammen eine Ellipse unschliessend,

am Ende breit rundlich erweitert und von schmutziggelber Färbung.

Länger emi

Hab.: Formosa (Kammon bei Horisha); ı $ Exemplar gesam-

melt von Herrn I. Nitobe,

Der Form und Zeichnung nach C. sémplex H. S. etwas Ähnlich.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 401

9. Cixius suturalis sp. n.

Dunkelbraun. Scheitel, Gesicht, Pronotum und Deckschuppen

gelblich, Scheitel deutlich kürzer als der Abstand zwischen den

Augen, der hintere Querkiel nach vorn weit gebogen, der Längskiel

des vorderen Gribchen unvollstandig. Rostrum an der Spitze kaum

verbraunt. Pronotum am Hinterrande tief spitzwinkelig ausgebuchtet.

Mesonotum an den Seiten hellbraunlichgelb. Elytren subhyalin,

gelblich getrübt, Nerven blassgelblich, bräunlich fein gekörnelt,

spärlich behaart, am Costalfelde mit 3 undeutlichen, bräunlichen

Querflecken, welche am Costalrande dunkler gefärbt sind; im Anal-

winkel läuft eine bräunliche Marginalbinde, welche bis zur Mitte des

Clavus erreicht; Stigma bräunlich, Apicalzellen je undeutlich bräun-

lich gefleckt. Brust und Beine gelblich, Bauch dunkelbraun.

? Letztes Bauchsegment am Hinterrande gerade, Legescheide

gelblich, die seitlichen Kiele braunlich.

Länge: $ 6 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Kammon bei Horisha); gesammelt in einem ?

Exemplare von Herrn I. Nitobe.

Der Form nach C. kammonis m. etwas ähnlich, unterscheidet

sich aber durch die feiner gekörnelten und viel weniger behaarten

Decknerven.

10. Cixius nitobei sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Scheitel, Gesicht, Rostrum, Deckschuppen

und Pronotum gelblich, die Längskiele an den äussersten Rändern

braunlich. Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getriibt, Nerven blassgelblich,

Quer- und Subapicalnerven hie und da bräunlich getrübt, sehr fein

bräunlich gekörnelt, die Körnchen an der Costa deutlich feiner als

auf den Nerven; Stigma hellbräunlich, mit zahlreichen, feinen Körn-

chen. Unterseite und Beine gelblich, Klauen an der Basis dunkel-

braun.

402 S. MATSUMURA:

$ In der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegmentes mit einem

kleinen, stumpfwinkeligen Fortsatz, Griffel schmal, flach, an der Basis

zusammen eine schmale Ellipse umschliessend, je am Ende fast

pflugscharförmig erweitert, an der Spitze schmal abgerundet.

Länge: % 6 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Berg Arisan); 1 $ Exemplar gesammelt von

Herrn I. Nitobe.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach C. zawae m. ähnlich.

11. Cixius nawae sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Scheitel, Gesicht, Rostrum, Pronotum, und

Deckschuppen gelblich, die Längskiele an den äussersten Rändern

bräunlich. Elytren subhyalin, bräunlich getrübt, Nerven gelblich,

bräunlich fein gekörnelt, Stigma etwas tiefer in der Färbung, mit

etwa g Körnchen, vorn deutlich heller gefärbt; am Spitzenfelde etwas

verdunkelt. Unterseite und Bauch gelblich, Bauch dunkelbräunlich,

Genitalien gelblich.

è In der unteren Ausbuchtung mit einem kleinen, oblongen

Fortsatze, Griffel an der Basis schmal, zusammen ein Oval umschlies-

send, am Ende breit quadratisch erweitert, an der Spitze abgerundet.

Länge: % 5.7 mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Berg Ibuki); 1 3 Exemplar gesammelt von

Herrn Y. Nawa.

Der Form Färbung nach C. cingulatus m. etwas ähnlich.

12, Cixius towadensis sp. n.

Der Form und Färbung nach C. nawae m. sehr ähnlich, aber

unterscheidet sich wie folgends: |

Scheitel deutlich breiter, Gesicht in der Mitte an den Seiten

nicht gelblich gefleckt. Der Mittelkiel des Mesonotums deutlich

schmäler und niedriger. Elytren viel heller, Körnchen viel kleiner,

Nerven und Körnchen gelblich. Bauch beim $ ganz gelblich.

DIE DIXIINEN JAPANS. 403

$ Der Fortsatz in der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegmentes

sehr niedrig, kaum sichtbar.

? Bauchsegment 5 tief rundlich ausgebuchtet. Legescheide hell-

bräunlich, an der Basis gelblich, blassgelblich fein-behaart.

Länge: 3 5.5—? 6mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Hakone und Towada bei Aomori); 2 (1 3, 1 ©)

Exemplare gesammelt vom Verfasser.

13. Cixius cingulatus sp. n.

Scheitel und Gesicht gelblich, Kiele an den äussersten Rändern

braunlich. Pronotum schmutziggelb, Mesonotum castanienbraun, der

Mittelkiel etwas heller. Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getrübt, an der

Spitze etwas verbräunt, Nerven blassgelblich, bräunlich gekörnelt,

ohne Härchen, Apicalquernerven bräunlich gesäumt, Apicalnerven je

an der Spitze bräunlich ; die Körnchen an der Costa viel feiner als

auf den Nerven des Corium und des Clavus, Punkte am Bogenrande

auch feiner. Unterseite und Beine gelblich, Bauch castanienbraun.

% Bauchsegment 5 rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 flach ausgerandet ;

Segmentränder weisslich gerandet.

Ranges + omm.

Hab.: Hachijo Insel; gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

14. Cixius velox sp. n.

? Gelbbräunlich. Scheitel so lang wie der Abstand zwischen

den Augen, der hintere Querkiel nach vorn konisch gebogen, der

Längskiel der vorderen Grübchen undeutlich. Die Längskiele des

Gesichtes an den äussersten Rändern bräunlich. Elytren subhyalin,

gelblich getrübt, Nerven gelblich, ziemlich stark bräunlich gekörnelt ;

nahe der Mitte mit 3 bräunlichen Querfleckchen, von welchen der

eins sich nahe der Mitte des Clavus befindet; Apicalquernerven und

404 S. MATSUMURA:

Bogenrand braunlich. Rostrum an der äussersten Spitze bräunlich.

Hinterbrust blassgelblich, Bauch dunkelbraun, Beine schmutziggelb.

? Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande fast gerade, weisslich gerandet.

Lange: ? 47mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan); gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare

vom Verfasser.

Diese Art zeichnet sich durch die stark bräunlich gekörnelten

Decknerven aus.

15. Cixius hakonensis sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel, Gesicht, Rostrum, Deckschuppen und Pronotum

gelblich, Hintergrübchen des Scheitels dunkel ausgefüllt und längs-

runzelig. Clypeus an der Spitze seitlich dunkelbraun, Rostrum an

der Spitze etwas verbräunt. Mesonotum an den Seiten gelblich

gefleckt. Elytren subhyalin, schmutziggelb getrübt, Nerven gelblich,

fein bräunlich gekörnelt, spärlich dunkel behaart, am Costalrande mit

3 schwärzlichen Fleckchen, Quernerven bräunlich, Apicalzellen und

die Costalzelle an der Basis je der Länge nach bräunlich ausgefüllt,

vor dem Stigma heller gefärbt, Clavus in der Mitte und an der

Spitze je am Rande bräunlich gefleckt. Unterseite dunkelbraun,

Mittel- nnd Hinterbrust gelblich, Bauch in der Mitte der Länge nach

gelblich. Beine gelblich.

5 Genitalsegment in der unteren Ausbuchtung mit einem schmal

zapfenförmigen Fortsatze, Griffel gelblich, an der Basis zusammen ein

Oval umschliessend, am Ende ohr-förmig erweitert, Afterröhre lang,

an der Spitze am unteren Rande flach ausgebuchtet.

Länge: 3 6mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Hakone); gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach C. cingulatus etwas ähnlich.

DIE DIXIINEN JAPANS. +» 405

16. Cixius centralis sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Scheitel, Gesicht, Rostrum, Deckschuppen und

Pronotum gelblich, die Längskiele an den äussersten Rändern bräun-

lich, der hintere Querkiel des Scheitels vorn stumpfwinkelig, Wangen

und der Clypeus an den Seiten bräunlich. Mesonotum in der Mitte

der Länge nach bräunlich. Elytren subhyalin, am Basal- und

Apicaldrittel verbräunt, in der Mitte gelblich getrübt, Nerven von

der Grundfarbe, fein dunkel gekörnelt, ohne Härchen. Brust und

Beine gelblich, Bauch bräunlich.

? Legescheide schwarz, an der Wurzel gelblich, Bauchsegment

6 am Hinterrande schwach ausgerundet.

Länge 22° 6mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Aomori); ein ? Exemplar gesammelt vom Herrn

I. Nitobe.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach C. hachijonis m. ähnlich.

17. Cixius pilosellus sp. n.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach C. ziZodbei sehr ähnlich, unter-

scheidet sich aber wie folget:

Körper deutlich kleiner, weisslich tomentiert. Scheitel vorn spitz-

winkelig gekielt, Hintergrübchen deutlich seichter, so dass der Längs-

kiel höher auftritt. Elytren deutlich dichter punctirt, mit zahlreichen,

langen, gelblichen Härchen, Quernerven breiter bräunlich umsäumt,

die Mitte und Spitze des Clavus je am Rande bräunlich gefleckt.

2 Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande flach ausgerandet.

Lance 925.5 mm:

Hab.: Formosa (Koshun); ı ? Exemplar gesammelt vom Ver-

fasser.

18. Cixius flavescens sp. n.

Der Färbung und Zeichnung nach C. hopponis m. sehr ähnlich,

unterscheidet sich aber wie folgt

406 - S. MATSUMURA:

Körper deutlich schmäler, Der winkeliger Querkiel des Scheitels

noch schmäler und niedriger, so dass der Mittelkiel des Scheitels

deutlich stärker auftritt. Gesicht in der Mitte deutlich breiter. Die

Nerven der Elytren viel dichter gekörnelt, ohne Härchen, Stigma und

Bogenrand mit zahlreichen Körnchen, Apicalquernerven meistens

bräunlich gesäumt. Rostrum an der Spitze kaum verbräunt.

$ Ein Fortsatz in der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegmentes

viel kürzer und schmäler, Griffel etwas pflugscharförmig, am Ende

zugespitzt.

Lange: 250mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Koshun); gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare

vom Verfasser.

19. Cixius hopponis sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Die sämtlichen Kiele, das Pronotum aus-

genommen, an den äussersten Rändern bräunlich. Elytren subhyalin,

gelblich, die Nerven gelblich, bräunlichgelb gekörnelt, spärlich

bräunlich lang-behaart, Stigma gelblich, spärlich gekörnelt, Unter-

seite und Beine gelblich, Rostrum an der Spitze bräunlich, Klauen

dunkelbraun. Bauch rötlichgelb.

§ In der unteren Ausbuchtung mit einem kurzen, spitzigen

Fortsatze, Griffel je an der Basis nach aussen gebogen, zusammen eine

schmale Ellipse umschliessend, an der Spitze beilformig erweitert; der

Unterrand der Afterröhre breit stumpfwinkelig ausgeschnittten.

Länge: 3 5mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Hoppo); gesammelt in einem Exemplare vom

Verfasser.

DIE DIXIINEN JAPANS. 407

Trirhacus Fieb.

Rev. Mag. Zool. p. 165 (1876).

Trirhacus iguchii sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Scheitel etwas länger als der Abstand zwi-

schen den Augen, der hintere Querkiel stumpfwinkelig, der Längskiel

des vorderen Grübchen deutlich, Gesicht gelblich, Rostrum lang, bis

zum zweiten Bauchsegmente reichend, an der Spitze kaum verbräunt.

Pronotum am Hinterrande weisslich. Mesonotum an der Spitze ver-

bräunt. Elytren hyalin, weisslich etwas getrübt, Nerven weisslich,

bräunlich gekörnelt, spärlich behaart, die Körnchen am Costalrande

deutlich grösser als auf den Nerven; an der Basis bräunlich, in der

Mitte 2 bräunliche Querbinden, vor dem Stigma auch eine bräunliche

Querbinde, Stigma bräunlich, am Spitzenfelde bräunlich gefleckt.

Brust und Beine vorwiegend hellbräunlichgelb, die Hinterbrust weiss-

lich. Bauch bräunlich, in der Mitte weisslichgelb.

f Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande fast gerade, Legescheide

gelblich.

länge ’2 5:5 mm.

Hab.: Kiushu (Nakatsu); gesammelt in einem ? Exemplare

von Herrn S. Iguchi.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach 7. setulosus Fieb. sehr ähnlich,

aber etwas kleiner und die Körnchen der Decknerven viel weniger

behaart.

Kuvera Dist.

Faun. British Ind. Rhyn. Vol. III. p. 261 (1906).

1, Kuvera flaviceps Mats. (Fig. 2.)

Oltarus flaviceps Mats. Ent. Nach. 26, p. 208, $ (1900).

$ Genitalien gelblich, in der unteren Ausbuchtung - des Genital-

segmentes mit einem breit conischen Fortsatz, Griffel je von der Basis

408 S. MATSUMURA:

Fig. 2. Kuvera flaviceps Mats.

1, Scheitel und Thorax. 2, Gesicht. 3, Dieselbe von der Seite.

4, Elytra. 5, Hinterflügel.

an breit, compremirt, zusammen ein oval umschliessend, am Ende

breit querovalförmig erweitert. |

Länge: % 5.5-6,5 mm. £ 6-7 mm.

Hab.: Ganz Japan (überall häufig).

var. curvata n.

$ Elytren an der Basis bräunlich, Stigma dunkelbraun, von der

Innenseite des Stigma bis zur Clavusspitze zieht eine etwas nach

innen gebogene, dunkle Querbinde, Clavus in der Mitte am Rande

mit einem bräunlichen Längsstreifen ; stark purpur irisirend.

Länge: % 7mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Kogota bei Sendai); gesammelt in einem ?

Exemplare vom Verfasser,

var. vittata n.

? Von der Basis der Elytren bis über die Mitte zieht ein

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 409

breiter Längsstreif, welcher sich am Ende mit einem gebogenen,

breiten, dunklen ‘Flecke vereinigt; Clavus bräunlich, an der Naht

glasshell.

ange) 257mm.

Hab.: Hokkaido (Sapporo); gesammelt in 3 ? Exemplaren vom

Verfasser.

var. costalis n.

? Scheitelgriibchen mit einem dunklen Querflecke. Elytren ganz

dunkelbraun, nur am Costalfelde glasshell, Clavus in der Mitte am

Rande dunkel gefleckt.

Lange: 27mm.

Hab.: Hokkaido (Sapporo); 4 $ Exemplare gesammelt vom

Verfasser.

var. fumata n.

? Elytren ganz dunkelbraun, nur am Vorderrande des Stigmas

weisslich gefleckt, am Apicaldrittel etwas dunkler.

Lange: ? 6.7 mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Towada bei Aomori); 1 2 Exemplar gesammelt

vom Verfasser.

var. pallidula n.

Ganz gelblich, nur die Antennen und das Stigma dunkel, oft ein

Fleckchen in der Mitte des Clavusrandes dunkel.

Länge: $ 5—? 6mm.

Hab.: Hokkaido (Sapporo); gesammelt in zahlreichen Exemp-

laren vom Verfasser.

2. Kuvera ligustri sp. n.

Der Form nach dem kleineren Exemplare von K. flaviceps sehr

ähnlich, unterscheidet sich aber wie folgt:

410 S. MATSUMURA:

Gesicht schmäler, nur an den Seiten gelblich gerandet, der Mittel-

kiel deutlich kürzer und schmäler. Pronotum weiss, vor dem Bogen-

kiele ein schwarzer Querfleck, Mesonotum am Vorderdrittel deutlich

niedriger, an der Spitze nicht fein querrunzelig wie bei faviceps.

Tegulae weiss. Elytren subhyalin, bräunlichgelb getrübt, am Apical-

drittel angeraucht.

$ Genitalien bräunlich, ein Fortsatz in der unteren Ausbuchtung

deutlich kirzer und am Ende spitziger.

Lange. J. 5mm. ft ses:

Hab.: Honshu (Hakone); gesammelt in zahlreichen Exemplaren

auf Ligustrum ibota vom Verfasser.

3. Kuvera toroensis sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel, die Stirn an den Seiten, Rostrum, Pronotum

und Deckschuppen gelblich, Scheitelgrübchen dunkel ausgefüllt.

Elytren subhyalin, schmutziggelb getrübt, Nerven gelblich, sehr fein,

fast gleichfarbig gekörnelt, Stigma dunkel. Unterseite und Beine

dunkelbraun, die Schenkel je an der Spitze, die Tibien je in der

Mitte und Hintertarsen gelblich.

$ Genitalien gelblichbraun, Fortsatz in der unteren Ausbuchtung

kurz, stumpfdreieckig, Griffel an der Basis schmal, compremirt, am

Ende dunkelbraun, breit beilförmig erweitert.

2 Legescheide gelblichbraun, Bauchsegment 5 tief breit-konish

ausgebuchtet.

Länge: $ 5.7mm., £ 6.2 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Toroen); 2 (1 3, 1 $) Exemplare gesammelt

vom Verfasser,

4, Kuvera tappanella sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel, Stirngipfel und Stirnseiten gelblich, Pronotum

in der Mitte am Hinterrande und die Deckschuppen schmutziggelb.

Rostrum gelblich, an der Spitze dunkel. Mesonotum an der Spitze

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. ALL

fein querrunzelig. Elytren hyalin, gesprenkelt mit feinen weissen

Pudern, Nerven gelblich, Kôrnchen kaum dunkler, mit spärlichen

Härchen; Stigma dunkel und deutlich. Unterseite dunkelbräunlich,

Beine hellgelblichbraun, Schenkel bräunlich.

4 In der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegmentes mit einem

breiten, dreieckigen, gelblichen Fortsatz; Griffel gelblich, an der Basis

schmal, compremirt, am Ende rundlich erweitert und an der Aussen-

seite etwas aufwärts gekriimmt.

? Bauchsegment 5 tief rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinterrande

gerade, Legescheide dunkel, je am Innenrande hellbräunlich.

ange. “$55 mm, 6 mn.

Hab.; Formosa (Tappan und Toroen) ; gesammelt in zahlreichen

Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

Der Form nach K. flaviceps m. etwas ähnlich.

5, Kuvera longipennis sp. n.

Hellbraunlichgelb. Vorderes Scheitelgrübchen ziemlich tief.

Antennen dunkel, Stirn an den Seiten weisslich. Pronotum weisslich,

nur an der hinteren Region des Auges bräunlich. Mesenotum an der

Spitze etwas querrunzelig. Elytren fast mehr als zweimal so lang

wie der Leib, hyalin; Nerven blassgelblich, mit sehr feinen Körnchen,

je mit einem bräunlichen Härchen; Costa gelblich, an der Basis

bräunlich, Stigma gelblichbraun, Spitzenfeld am Innenrande etwas

verbräunt. Unterseite gelblich, Mesosternum und Coxen weisslich,

Tarsen an der Spitze etwas verbräunt.

2 Bauchsegment 5 breit conisch ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinterrande

gerade, Legescheide so lang wie der Hinterleib, gelblichbraun.

Länge: ? 7 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan); gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare

vom Verfasser,

412 S. MATSUMURA :

Betacixius gen. n.

Der Form nach Kuvera Dist. sehr ähnlich, unterscheidet sich

aber wie folgt:

Scheitel deutlich kürzer, vorn abgerundet und ganz ohne das

vordere Griibchen; Mittelkiel der Stirn nur an der Basis schwach

sichtbar, Seitenkiele nur von der Mitte bis zur Basis deutlich, Clypeus-

naht deutlich seichter ausgebogen. Scheitel am Hinterrande und

Pronotum am Vorderrande schwächer ausgerandet, Mesonotum meistens

hoch gewölbt, mit 3 schwachen Längskieln. Elytren mit viel feineren

Nerven, Körnchen auch feiner, mit 5 Antapicalzellen. Die erste und

zweite Längsnerven des Flügels gegabelt, während bei Kuvera die

zweite und dritte gegabelt sind.

Typus: Betacixius ocellatus Mats.

1. Betacixius ocellatus sp. n. (Fig. 3).

Schwarz. Scheitel und Gesicht gelblichbraun, in der Mitte an

den Seiten weisslichgelb gefleckt, Clypeus an der Spitzenhälfte, die

Fig. 3. Betacixius ocellatus sp. n.

1, Sckeitel und Thorax. 2, Gesicht. 3, Dieselbe von der Seite.

4, Elytre. 5, Hinterflügel.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 413

äusserste weissgelbliche Spitze ausgenommen, schwarz; Antennen

gelblich, dunkel gefleckt, Umgebung der Ocelle weisslichgelb, Rostrum

gelb, an der Spitze kaum verbräunt. Deckschuppen und das Pronotum

an den Seiten weisslichgelb, die Kiele gelblich. Mesonotum an der

Spitze gelblich, fein querrunzelig. Elytren hyalin, schwach gelblich

getrübt, Nerven und Körnchen gelblich, gelblich behaart, an der

Spitze mit einem grossen, oblongen, schwarzen Ringsflecke, in der

Mitte des Clavus mit einem schwarzen Querflecke, von welchem bis

zur Clavusspitze den Rand entlang ein schwarzer Längsfleck zieht,

an der Basis auch etwas verbräunt. Unterseite dunkelbraun, Meta-

sternum gelblich. Beine gelblich, Vorderbeine schwarz, nur die beiden

Enden der Schenkel und die Coxen sowie auch Trochanter weisslich,

Mitteltibien mit einem schwarzen Längsstreifen, die Tarsen dunkel-

braun.

à In der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegmentes mit einem

kurz-dreieckigen, gelblichen Fortsatz, Griffel gelblich, zusammen an

der Basis einen breiten Kegel umschliessend, am Ende breit erweitert

und an der aussen Seite etwas nach oben gekrümmt.

? Bauchsegment 5 tief rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 in der Mitte

gelblich, am Hinterrande gerade, Legescheide dunkelbraun, gelblich

lang-behaart, stark aufwärts gebogen, Scheidenpolster kurz.

Lanse: 5 6: mm, 2 7 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Hoppo, Horisha); gesammelt in 4 (1%, 3 ©)

Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

2. Betacixius tonkinensis sp. n.

Der Zeichnung nach 2. ocellatus m. sehr ähnlich, unterscheidet

sich aber wie folgends:

1. Te Körper viel -klemer,

2. Scheitel und Pronotum vorweigend blassgelblich.

3. Elytren nahe der Mitte mit einer bräunlichen Querbinde,

welche den Costalrand nicht ganz erreicht ; Apicalringsfleck

414 S. MATSUMURA :

fast rundlich, Stigma deutlich tiefer in der Farbung.

4. Mittel- und Hinterschenkel verbraunt, Längsstreifen der Mittel-

tibien schwächer.

5. Beim ? Bauch ganz gelb.

Länge: 3 4-4.5mm., ? 5mm.

Hab.: China (Tonkin); gesammelt in 5 (4 %, 1 $) Exemplaren

von Herrn H. Fruhstorfer.

3. Betacixius obliquus sp. n.

Scheitel und Gesicht hellbräunlichgelb, das letztere in der Mitte

am Rande weisslichgelb gefleckt, Clypeus an der Spitze, die äusserste

Spitze ausgenommen, schwarz. Antennen, die gelbliche Spitze aus-

genommen, dunkel. Rostrum gelblich, an der Spitze braun. Pronotum

und Deckschuppen schmutziggelb, das erstere an den Seiten weiss-

lichgelb, hinter dem Auge jederseits braunlich gefleckt. Mesonotum

schwarz, am der Spitze gelblich. Elytren hyalin, ein wenig gelblich

getrübt, Nerven gelblich, Körnchen kaum dunkler, hellbräunlich

behaart; in der Mitte des Clavus am Rande mit einem bräunlichen

Querflecke ; Stigma dunkel, von diesem bis zur Coriummitte zieht

eine bräunliche Schrägsbinde ; Basis auch etwas verbräunt. Unter-

seite bräunlich, Metasternum weisslichgelb, beim $ Genitalien hell-

bräunlichgelb. Beine blassgelblich, Coxen und Schenkel, die Spitzen

ausgenommen, braun; Tibien mit bräunlichen Längsstreifen.

3 In der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegmentes mit einem

zapfenformigen Fortsatz, Griffel an der Basis zusammen einem breiten

Kegel umschliessend, am Ende breit Pfiugscharförmig erweitert.

? Bauchsegment 5 sehr breit rundlich ausgerandet, 6 am Hinter-

rande gerade, Scheidenpolster etwas kürzer als die Legescheide,

Afterröhre weisslich, Legescheide ein wenig aufwärts gebogen.

Länge: $ 5.2mm, ? 5.6mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Gifu und Asama); gesammeit in 3 (1 %, 2 ©)

Exemplaren von Herrn Y. Nawa und M. Oguma.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS, 415

var. pallens n.

Ganz hellbräunlichgelb, Clypeus an der Spitze schwarz, Stigma,

eine Schrigsbinde des Coriums sowie ein Querfleck des Clavus hell-

bräunlichgelb. Beine und Unterseite auch helbräunlichgelb, Tibien

mit einem bräunlichen Längsstreifen, Tarsen bräunlich, nur die Hinter-

tarsen an den Spitzen bräunlich.

Hab.: Honshu (Tokyo, Harima), Kiushu (Kumamoto); gesam-

melt in 4 (2 3, 2 $) Exemplaren von Herren S. Iguchi

und H. Kawamura und vom Verfasser.

4. Betacixius kumejimae sp. n.

2 Hellbräunlichgelb. Scheitel und Pronotum blassgelblich,

Gesicht in der Mitte am Rande jederseits mit einem weisslichen

Flecke; Clypeus an der Spitze, die gelbliche äusserste Spitze aus-

genommen braun; Rostrum gelblich, an der Spitze braun. Pronotum

an den Seiten weisslich. Deckschuppen schmutziggelb, am Hinter-

rande verbräunt. Elytren hyalin, Nerven und Körnchen gelblich,

bräunlich behaart, Bogenrand bräunlich, nahe der Basis und nahe der

Mitte je mit einer bräunlichen Querbinde, Stigma dunkelbraun.

Unterseite dunkelbraun, Metasternum blassgelblich, Beine hellbräun-

lichgelb, Schenkel in der Mitte etwas verbräunt, Tibien je mit einem

bräunlichen Längsstreifen, Vorder- und Mitteltarsen bräunlich.

2 Bauchseoment 5 breit rundlich ausgerandet, 6 schmutziggelb,

am Hinterrande flach abgerundet, Scheidenpolster stark aufwärts

gebogen, Legescheide auch aufwärts aber mässig gebogen.

Länge: 2395-5 mimi.

Hab.: Okinawa (Kumejima); 3 $ Exemplare gesammelt von

Herrn K. Kuroiwa.

5. Betacixius clypealis sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel hellbräunlichgelb, Stirn bräunlich, an der

416 S. MATSUMURA:

Spitze an den Seiten je mit einem weisslichen Flecke, beim $ Clypeus

schwarz, an der äussersten Spitze gelblich, beim ? hellbräunlichgelb,

an der Apicalhälfte des Clypeus schwarz. Rostrum gelblich, an der

Spitze dunkelbraun. Antennen bräunlich, an der Spitze weisslich, die

Umgebung der Antennen weisslich. Pronotum an den Seiten weiss-

lich, Kiele gelblich. Mesonotum an der Spitze gelblich, ein Fleckchen

in der Mitte des Schenkelrandes auch gelblich. Deckschuppen

schmutziggelb, am Hinterrande dunkel. Elytren hyalin, kaum gelblich

getrübt, Nerven und Körnchen gelblich, mit bräunlichen Härchen

versehen ; Stigma und Bogenrand dunkelbraun, ein Längsfleck in der

Mitte des Clavus den Rand entlang dunkelbraun. Unterseite pech-

schwarz, Metasternum und Beine gelblich, Schenkel, die gelblichen

beiden Enden ausgenommen, dunkel; Vorderbeine, die gelblichen

Schenkelringen ausgenommen, dunkel; Mitteltibien mit einem bräun-

lichen Längsstreifen, die Tarsen bräunlich.

3 In der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegmentes mit einem

gelblichen, dreieckigen Fortsatz, Griffel bräunlich, an der Basis

zusammen einem Kurzkegel umschliessend, je am Ende breit pflug-

scharförmig erweitert.

? Bauchsegment 5 breit ausgebuchtet, 6 gelblich, am Hinter-

rande gerade, Legescheide mässig aufwärts gebogen.

Ling: 3 5-5.5mm., $ 6mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan); gesammelt in 9 (4 %, 5 $) Exemp-

laren vom Verfasser.

var. vittifrons n.

Vom Scheitel bis zur Mitte des Clypeus zieht ein breiter,

schwärzlicher Längsstreif, welcher sich gegen die Spitze hin ver-

breitert.

Liinge: 3 5mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan); 2 $ Exemplare gesammelt vom Ver-

fasser,

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 417

6. Betacixius brunneus sp. n.

Der Form und Färbung nach 2. clypealis m. sehr ähnlich, weicht

aber wie folgt ab:

Oben gelblichbraun. Scheitel blassgelblich, Scheitelgrübchen

deutlich tiefer und breiter. Stirn einfarbig hellbraunlichgelb; Stirn

und Clypeus nicht so gewölbt wie bei clypealis m., an der Spitze

verbräunt. Pronotum weisslich, die Seitenlappen braun, nur am Rande

weisslich; Deckschuppen hellbräunlich; Mesonotum ganz gelblich-

braun, nicht so gewölbt wie bei c/ypealis m.

$ Die Seitenlappen des Genitalsegments je am Ende gelblich,

die untere Ausbuchtung gelblich gerandet, Griffel an der Basis gelb-

lich, je am Ende stumpfwinkelig nach aussen gebogen.

Lange: T 6mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan, Toroen); 3 $ Exemplare gesammelt

vom Verfasser.

7. Betacixius rinkihonis sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Antennen schwärzlich, oben gelblich, Ocellen

rubinrot, ihre Umgebung ein wenig ausgedehnt dunkel. Clypeus nahe

der Spitze und an den Seiten dunkel gefleckt. Rostrum an der

Spitze verbräunt. Pronotum weisslichgelb. Mesonotum an den Seiten

und Deckschuppen je am Hinterrande verbräunt. Elytren hyalin,

kaum gelblich getrübt; Nerven gelblich und die Körnchen bräunlich-

gelb, spärlich behaart, Stigma in der Mitte mit einem bräunlichen,

etwas gebogenen Striche; Costa und Bogenrand bräunlich; Clavus in

der Mitte am Rande mit einem bräunlichen Fleckchen. Unterseite

und Beine gelblich, Tibien je mit einem bräunlichen Längsstreifen,

Vorder- und Mitteltarsen braun. Letztes Bauchsegment an den

Seiten je mit einem dunklen Flecke.

è In der unteren Ausbuchtung des Genitalsegmentes mit einem

dreieckigen weisslichen Fortsatz, Griffel an der Basis zusammen einen

418 S. MATSUMURA :

spitzigen Kegel umschliessend, Griffel am Ende fast nierenförmig

erweitert.

Länge: % 5mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Rinkiho); gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare

vom Verfasser.

Gatt. Oliarus Stal.

Stäl-Berl. ent. Zeit. VI, p. 306 (1862).

1. Oliarus subnubilis Uhl.

Cixius subnubilis Ohl. Proc. Nat. Mus. U. S. A. XIX, p. 279

(1896).

Hab.: Honshu (Gifu, Kiushu); gesammelt auf Citrus-Arten von

Herrn Y. Nawa und vom Verfasser.

2, Oliarus horishanus sp. n.

Beim $ castanienbraun, beim £ rôtlichgelb. Scheitel zweimal

länger als der Abstand zwischen den Augen, die Seitenkiele gelblich.

Stirn braun, Clypeus und Wangen gelblich, Mittel- und Seitenkiele

rotlichgelb, Pronotum am Hinterrande und die Kiele gelblich.

Mesonotum braun, mit rötlichen Kielen, beim ? ganz rötlichgelb.

Elytren hyalin, ein wenig gelblich getrübt, an der Spitze ein wenig

ausgedehnt verdunkelt; die Nerven dunkel, mit gelblichen Härchen ;

die Clavusnaht heller ; Stigma dunkel, an der Innenseite blassgelblich.

Flügel an der Spitze angeraucht. Beine und Rostrum gelblich, das

letztere an der Spitze dunkel. Schenkel und Schienen gelblichbraun.

Brust gelblich, Hinterleib dunkel, mit gelblichen Segmenträndern.

à Afterröhre etwa halbrundlich, Afterstielchen lang, Schaufel-

förmig; Griffel lang, linienförmig, in der Mitte nach innen schwach

bogenförmig gekrümmt, am Ende abgerundet, in der unteren Ausbucht-

ung in der Mitte ein langer spitziger Fortsatz, die seitlichen Lappen

des letzten Segments je an der Spitze rundlich ausgebuchtet.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 419

? Bauchsegment 5 stumpfwinkelig und 6 rundlich ausgebuchtet,

Segmentrander blassgelblich.

Länge: 3 10mm., ? 10-11 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Horisha, Gyochi, Rinkiho, Arisan, Hasshiran) ;

5 (4 3, 1 ?) Exemplare in meiner Sammlung.

Der Form nach G. subnubilis Uhl. etwas ähnlich.

8. Oliarus iguchii sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel so lang wie der Abstand zwischen den Augen,

vorn abgerundet, die Kiele gelblich, die hinteren Stirngrubchen fast

oval. Gesicht im Profil mässig gebogen, der Mittelkiel gelblichbraun,

die seitlichen Kiele gelblich. Pronotum am Hinterrande und die

Kiele gelblich. Mesonotum an den Seiten und Deckschuppen je am

Hinterrande gelblich. Elytren hyalin, hie und da dunkel gefleckt,

Nerven gelblich, Körnchen bräunlich, nicht behaart, nahe der Mitte

der Elytren mit einem dem Voderrande nicht erreichenden, dunklen

Querstricke; Stigma dunkel. Rostrum gelblich, das zweite Glied an

der Spitze und das dritte ganz dunkel. Beine gelblich, Schenkel

dunkelbraun, Tib'en bräunlich.

? Bauchsegment 5 rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinterrande fast

gerade.

Ranges. °° 8mm:

Hab.: Honshu (Harima); 1 ? Exemplar gesammelt von Herrn

S. Iguchi.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach O. brevilinea Mats. aus Ungarn

(Fiume) sehr ähnlich.

4. Oliarus quadricinctus sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel fast so lang wie der Abstand zwischen den

Augen, vorn abgerundet, Stirngrübchen verschmolzen, die Kiele gelb-

lich. Gesicht in der Mitte an den Seiten gelblich. Rostrum gelblich,

420 S. MATSUMURA:

das dritte Glied dunkel. Pronotum am Hinterrande und ihr Kiele

gelblich. Mesonotum die Seiten entlang schmal gelblich ; Deckschup-

pen schmutziggelb, an der Basis dunkel. Elytren hyalin, die Basis,

2 mittelere Querstreifen und die Spitze dunkel; Nerven gelblich,

bräunlich fein gekörnelt, weisslich behaart, Quernerven bräunlich.

Unterseite schwarz; Beine gelblich, Coxen und Schenkel (die Spitzen

ausgenommen) dunkelbraun, Tibien bräunlich gestreift.

§ Genitalien gelblich, Afterröhre lang oval, am Hinterrande

jederseits mit einer spitziegen Vorragung. Griffel nahe der Basis

stark nach aussen gebogen, an der Spitze etwas X-förmig erweitert,

in der Mitte der unteren Ausbuchtung mit einem schmalen Fortsatze.

? Bauchsegment 5 schmal rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinter-

rande etwas erweitert, an den Seiten blassgelblich.

lange: I 5.3 mm. + 6 mm.

Hab.: Honshu (Maiko, Sendai, Amagi, Tokyo); gesammelt in

zahlreichen Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

5. Oliarus pachyceps sp. n.

Gelblichbraun. Scheitel fast so lang wie der Abstand zwischen

den Augen, vorn stumpfwinkelig, die hinteren Stirngrübchen zusammen

verschmolzen, der Mittelkiel fehlend. Gesicht dunkel, in der Mitte

an den Seiten und die Kiele gelblich, im Profil mässig gebogen.

Pronotum schmutziggelb, an den Seiten dunkel gefleckt. Deckschup-

pen und das Mesonotum an der Spitze gelblich. Elytren subhyalin,

gelblich getrübt, beim $ der Spitzendrittel dunkel getrübt, Nerven

geblich, fein bräunlich gekörnelt, Quervernen und beim ? die Gabel

des zweiten und dritten Sektors sowie auch des Clavus je an der

Basis dunkel. Unterseite bräunlich, Beine gelblich, Vorderschenkel

bräunlich gestreift.

3 Afterröhre oval; Griffel nahe der Spitze S-förmig gekrümmt

und an der Spitze rundlich erweitert.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 421

? Bauchsegment 5 breit rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinterrande

rundlich erweitert. Die Segmentrander blassgelblich.

Länge: $ 4,5-5mm., ? 6mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Koshun) ; gesammelt in 3 (2%, 1 ?) Exemplaren

vom Verfasser.

Der Färbung und Form nach O. fappanus m. etwas ähnlich.

6. O. apicalis Uhl.

Mindus apicalis Uhl. Proc. Nat. Mus. U. S. A. XIX, p. 281

(1896).

Oliarus apicalis Mats. Ent. Nach. XX, p. 208 (1900).

Hab.: Honshu. Kiushu (haufig auf Gramineenpflanzen).

7. Oliarus harimaensis sp. n.

Hellbräunlichgelb. Scheitel bräunlich, 13 mal so lang wie der

Abstand zwischen den Augen, die Kiele heller an der Spitze, der

Querkiel spitzwinkelig. Stirn schwarz, die Kiele gelblich, beim 3

Clypeus in der Mitte gelblich. Das dritte Glied des Rostrum an der

äussersten Spitze dunkel. Pronotum blassgelblich, an den Seiten je

mit einem dunklen Bogenflecke. Mesonotum ohne Zeichnung. Elytren

hyalin, gelblich getrübt, die Nerven gelblich, spärlich gekörnelt, ohne

Härchen, Quernerven und Körnchen auf dem Apicalfelde bräunlich.

Unterseite bräunlich, Beine blassgelblich, Schenkel und Schienen

undeutlich bräunlich gestreift.

è Afterröhre rundlich, Afterstielchen cylindrisch und kurz.

Griffel schmal, an der Spitze S-förmig gekrümmt, an der Basis

blattartig etwas verbreitert, in der Mitte der unteren Ausbuchtung

mit einem langen, spitzigen Fortsatze.

? Bauchsegment 5 breit stumpfwinkelig ausgeschnitten, 6 am

Hinterande breit rundlich etwas vorragend.

Länge: % 6mm., ? 6.5-7.2 mm.

422 Se MATSUMURA :

Hab.: Honshu (Harima); zahlreiche Exemplare in meiner

Sammlung.

Der Färbung nach O. pallens Germ. sehr ähnlich.

8 Oliarus hachijonis sp. n.

® Der Form und Färbung nach O. karimaensis m. sehr ähnlich,

weicht aber wie folgt ab:

I. Scheitel etwas breiter und bräunlich gefärbt, die Kiele gelb-

lichbraun. Scheitelgrübchen deutlich mehr oben gelegen

als bei Zarimaensis.

2. Stirn zwischen den Augen deutlich breiter, Querkiel viel

höher gelegen als bei karimaensis.

3. Mesonotum viel breiter.

4. Elytren hyalin, Stigma am Hinterrande bräunlich gerandet,

Quernerven braunlich, aber nicht so deutlich wie bei

harimaensis, die Nerven ohne Härchen.

3. 2 Letztes Bauchsegment am Hinterrande breit weisslich

gerandet.

Länge: > 75m.

Hab.: Hachijo Insel; ein ? Exemplar gesammelt von Herrn

S. Takahashi.

9. Oliarus ogasawarensis sp. n.

Dunkelbraun, beim ? gelblichbraun. Scheitel gelblich, 13 mal so

lang wie der Abstand zwischen den Augen, vorn stumpfwinkelig,

Thälchen oft bräunlich, das vordere Stirngrubchen sehr klein, die

hinteren oval, braunlich ausgefüllt. Gesicht im Profil mässig gebogen,

Kiele gelblich. Pronotum und Deckschuppen weisslich. Mesonotum

an der Spitze gelblich, Kiele rötlichgelb. Elytren subhyalin, weisslich

getrübt, Nerven blassgelblich, die Körnchen von gleicher Färbung,

spärlich gelblich behaart, nicht deutlich, Quernerven bräunlich, Stigma

blassgelblich, nicht gekörnelt. Rostrum und Beine blassgelblich, das

erstere an der äussersten Spitze dunkel.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 423

3 Genitalien gelblich. Afterröhre halbrundlich; Griffel schmal,

an der Basis breiter, an der Spitze S-förmig gekrümmt, in der Mitte

der unteren Ausbuchtung mit einem spitzigen Fortsatze.

® Bauchsegment 5 bogig ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinterrande etwas

erweitert. Segmentränder blassgelblich.

Länge: 3 6mm, ? 7 mm.

Hab.: Bonin Insel (Ogasawarajima); zahlreiche Exemplare

gesammelt vom Verfasser.

Der Form und Färbung nach O. pallens Germ, etwas ähnlich.

10. Oliarus boninensis sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel 3 mal so lang wie der Abstand zwischen den

Augen, Seitenkiele rôtlichgelb. Stirn dunkel, Kiele rötlichgelb,

Clypeus an der Basis gelblich. Pronotum am Hinterrande blassgelb-

lich. Mesonotum schwarz, beim ? die Scheibe rötlich, mit rotbräun-

lichen Kielen, an der Spitze blassgelblich. Elytren hyalin, ein wenig

gelblich getrübt, Nerven gelblich, mit gelblichen Härchen ; Costa,

Stigma und Quernerven dunkel. In der Mitte des Hinterrandes je mit

einem dunklen Fleckchen. Beine blassgelblich, Schenkel mit un-

deutlichen, bräunlichen Längslinien, Brust und Bauch dunkelbraun.

$ Afterröhre klein, oval, oben in der Mitte mit einem Längs-

kiele; Griffel gelblich, an der Spitze nach aussen hakenförmig

gekrümmt, die Spitze rundlich; in der unteren Ausbuchtung in der

Mitte ein langer, schmaler, scharf zugespitzter, gelblicher Fortsatz.

? Bauchsegment 5 rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinterrande

schwach ausgerandet.

Länge: 3 $ 5.5-6.5 mm.

Hab.: Bonin Insel (Ogasawarajima); 8 Exemplare gesammelt

vom Verfasser.

424 S. MATSUMURA :

11. Oliarus tappanus sp. n.

Dunkelbraun. Scheitel 13 mal so lang wie der Abstand zwischen

den Augen, Kiele gelblich, vorn fast rechtwinkelig, 3 Stirngrübchen

fast gleich lang. Gesicht im Profil ziemlich stark gebogen, Kiele

bräunlichgelb, Rostrum gelblich, an der Spitze dunkel. Pronotum

dunkel, Kiele und der Hinterrand weisslich. Mesonotum in der Mitte

der Länge nach breit ausgehöhlt, Kiele bräunlichgelb. Elytren

hyalin, kaum gelblich getrübt ; Nerven gelblich, Quernerven bräunlich,

stark bräunlich gekörnelt, spärlich behaart; Stigma dunkel und

gekörnelt. Unterseite bräunlich ; Beine bräunlichgelb, Vorder- und

Mittelschenkel sowie auch Tibien bräunlich getrübt, die Tibien nahe

der Basis und der Spitze sowie auch die Tarsen, die Basis ausgenom-

men, dunkelbraun, die Hinterschenkel vorwiegend bräunlich.

% Afterröhre oval, unten jederseits mit einem langen, zugespitzten

Fortsatze. Griffel gerade, comprimirt, an der Spitze zugespitzt, die

seitlichen Lappen des letzten Segmentes gelblich, je an der Spitze

abgerundet und gelblich behaart.

? Bauchsegment 5 fast rechtwinkelig ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinter-

rande in der Mitte rundlich erweitert.

Länge: 3 6—? 7mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Tappan, Kuyania, Hoppo); gesammelt in 6

(1 è, 5 ?) Exemplaren vom Verfasser.

12. Oliarus speciosus sp. n.

Castanienbraun. Scheitel 2 mal so lang wie der Abstand zwischen

den Augen, vorn spitzwinkelig gekielt, die Stirngrübchen schmal drei-

eckig, die Kiele hellbräunlich. Gesicht gelblichbraun, in der Mitte

an den Seiten gelblich, Clypeus an den Seiten dunkelbraun. Pronotum

und Deckschuppen schmutziggelb ; Mesonotum an den Seiten und die

Kiele rötlich. Elytren subhyalin, weisslich getrübt ; Nerven weisslich,

mit zahlreichen, duuklen Körnchen, Quernerven und ihre Umgebung

DIE’ CIXIINEN JAPANS. 425

dunkel; Stigma dunkel, an der Innenseite weisslich ; Körnchen je mit

einem dunklen Härchen. Unterseite, Rostrum und Beine rötlichgelb,

Brust verbräunt, Rostrum an der Spitze bräunlich, Schenkel nach der

Spitze verbräunt.

è Afterrôhre oval. Griffel an der Basis schmal, an der Spitzen-

hälfte rundlich blattartig erweitert, in der Mitte der unteren Ausbucht-

ung mit einem spitzigen Fortsatze, die seitlichen Lappen lang, oben

rechtwinkelig ausgeschnitten.

? Bauchsegment 5 fast rechtwinkelig ausgebuchtet, 6 hinten in

der Mitte flach ausgerandet, Legescheide sehr lang.

Länge: $ 6mm., ? 7 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Koshun); gesammelt in 4 (1 %, 3 %) Exemp-

laren vom Verfasser.

13. Oliarus velox sp. n.

Der Form und Färbung nach O. formosanus m. sehr ähnlich,

weicht aber wie folgt ab:

1. Scheitel schmäler und länger, bis zur Spitze fast parallel.

2. Gesicht ganz gelblich, die Stirnthälchen etwas bräunlich, im

Profil fast gerade und nicht so stark gebogen wie bei /or-

mosanus ; die Kiele höher, so dass die Stirnthälchen viel

tiefer sind.

3. Kérnchen der Elytren einfarbig mit den Nerven, nicht sehr

deutlich ; Costalfeld viel breiter als bei formosanus.

4. Unterseite und Beine gelblich, Brust an den Seiten etwas

verbraunt.

5. 8 Griffel länger, die gebogene Spitze breiter und in der

Mitte nicht eingeschnürt wie bei /ormosanus.

Länge: % 5.5—? 65mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Koshun) ; gesammelt in 2 (1 3, 1 ?) Exempla-

ren vom Verfasser.

426 S, MATSUMURA :

14. Oliarus oryzae Mats.

Schad. u. Nütz. Ins. von Zucherrohr Formosas, p. 15,

BI XV, fe. 8, 7 (1910).

è Der Färbung nach stimmt mit dem $ ganz über ein, nur der

Apicaldrittel der Elytren verdunkelt.

$ Afterröhre queroval; Griffel lang, gerade, einander fast

anhangend, an der Spitze etwa rechtwinkelig gebogen ; in der Mitte

der unteren Ausbuchtung mit einem spitzigen Fortsatze.

Länge: | Emm.

Hab.: Formosa (Chuho, Taichu, Koshun); 4 Exemylare (2 4,

2 ?) in meiner Sammlung.

15. Oliarus mori sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel mehr als 2mal so lang wie der Abstand

zwischen den Augen, vorn schmal spitzwinkelig, die hinteren Stirn-

grübchen sehr schmal, die seitlichen Kiele je nahe der Mitte mit 2

subhyalinen, weisslichen Fleckchen. Stirn im Profil fast gerade,

Rostrum bräunlichgelb, an der Spitze dunkel. Pronotum dunkel, die

Kiele schmutziggelb. Deckschuppen je am Hinterrande gelblichbraun.

Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getrübt, besonders an der Basis tiefer

gefärbt; Nerven gelblich, blassgelblich behaart, fein gekörnelt, gegen

die Spitze him werden die Körnchen bräunlich ; Quernerven bräunlich ;

Stigma dunkel, am Vorderrande heller ; Spitzenzellen meistens je mit

einem undeutlichen, graulichen Fleckchen. Beine gelblich; Vorder-

und Mittel-Coxen und die sämtlichen Schenkel dunkel.

à Genitalien gelblich, queroval, oben mit einem dunklen Striche ;

Griffel breit, kurz, comprimirt, an der Spitze mit einem nach aussen

gekrümmten, schmalen Fortsatze ; in der Mitte der unteren Ausbuch-

tung mit einem sehr schmalen, spitzigen Fortsatze.

? Bauchsegment 5 rundlich ausgebucht, 6 am Hinterrande flach

ausgerandet.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 427

Länge: © 5.5mm., ? 7 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (überall häufig) ; gesammelt auf Maulbeerbräumen

vom Verfasser.

16. Oliarus hopponis sp. n.

O. mori m. sehr ähnlich, aber unterscheide sich von dieser wie

folgends :

? 1. Scheitel deutlich schmäler, so dass der winkelige Querkiel

nach vorn schmäler und die seitlichen Kiele deutlich

niedriger werden.

2. Gesicht in der Mitte etwas breiter, Clypeus gelblichbraun,

Rostrum dunkel, nur an der Basis gelblich.

3. Mesonotum deutlich breiter.

4. Elytren feiner gekörnelt, nicht behaart, Stigma und Costal-

zelle viel breiter, die Nerven an der Spitze verbräunt,

Apicalzellen ohne Fleckchen.

5. Beine gelblich, Schenkel etwas verbräunt.

6. ? Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande in der Mitte mit 2 kleinen,

kaum sichtbaren Vorragungen ; Segmentränder breit gelblich.

Länge: ? 6.5 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Hoppo); nur ein ? Exemplare gesammelt vom

Verfasser.

17. Oliarus formosanus sp. n.

Der Form nach O. speciosus m. sehr ähnlich, unterscheidet sich

aber wie folgends:

I. Scheitel an der Spitze deutlich schmäler spitzwinkelig, so dass

die seitlichen Stirngrübchen noch schmäler dreieckig werden.

2. Clypeus und die Stirn an der Basis dunkel, Stirngipfel von

den Seiten gesehen deutlich spitziger als bei O. speciosus.

3. Mesonotum in der Scheibe rötlich, an der Spitze gelblich.

428 S. MATSUMURA :

4. Elytren deutlich feiner gekörnelt, die Härchen fast unsichitbar.

5. Unterseite dunkel.

$ Afterröhre oval; Griffel gelblich, an der Basis breit, gegen

die Spitze hin rechtwinkelig gebogen, und die gebogene Spitze in

der Mitte eingeschnürt; in der Mitte der unteren Ausbuchtung mit

einem kurzen, spitzigen Fortsatze,

? Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande fast gerade, Legescheide nur

4 so lang wie bei speciosus.

Lange: 1 5mm, + 6 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (überall häufig); ein $ Exemplar gesammelt in

Okinawa von Herrn T. Hira.

18. Oliarus artemisia sp. n.

Schwarz. Scheitel schmal, fast 3 mal so lang wie der Abstand

zwischen den Augen, die seitlichen Kiele sehr hoch, vorn schmal

spitzwinkelig, nahe der Mitte mit einem subhyalinen, weisslichen

Fleckchen, der hintere Drittel auch weisslich. Gesicht lang, die Kiele

gelblich, unterhalb der Mitte an der Seite gelblich gefleckt, das

vordere Stirngrübchen spitzdreieckig, und nicht dunkel ausgefüllt.

Wangen oberhalb der Antennen blassgelblich. Rostrum dunkel, an

der Basis gelblich. Pronotum am Hinterrande und ihr Kiele gelblich.

Mesonotum an den Seiten und an der Spitze gelblich; Deckschuppen

am Hinterrande gelblich. Elytren hyalin; Nerven gelblich, an der

Spitze verbräunt, bräunlich fein gekörnelt, nicht behaart ; Quernerven

dunkel; Costal- und Apicalzellen hie und da undeutlich dunkel

gefleckt; Stigma breit, dunkel; die Gabel des Brachius und des

Clavus verdunkelt. Beine dunkel; Tibien und Tarsen gelblich, die

ersteren dunkel gestreift.

4 Genitalien gelblich, Afterröhre queroval, Griffel breit, gerade,

an der Spitze nach aussen gebogen ; in der Mitte der unteren Aus-

buchtung mit einem schmalen spitzigen Fortsatze.

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 429

? Bauchsegment 5 breit rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinter-

rande fast gerade; Segmentrander gelblich.

Einse: (d.6mm. © 5 mm.

Hab.: Hokkaido (Sapporo), Honshu; gesammelt in zahlreichen

Exemplaren auf einer Arzemisia-Art vom Verfasser.

Der Form nach O. angusticeps Horv. sehr ähnlich, aber die

letztere viel kleiner.

19. Oliarus angusticeps Horv.

Oliarus angusceps Horv. Term. Füzet. 15, p. 137 (1892).

Habs; Japan:

Diese Art ist mir unbekannt.

20. Oliarus kagoshimensis sp. n.

Bräunlichgelb. Scheitel fast 3mal so lang wie der Abstand

zwischen den Augen, vorn spitzwinkelig, die seitlichen Kiele hoch,

nahe der Mitte mit einem weisslichen Fleckchen, der hintere Drittel

sowie auch die Wangen vorwiegend weisslichgelb. Gesicht gelblich,

die Thälchen dunkelbraun, Clypeus an den Seiten und die Spitze des

Rostrum dunkel. Mesonotum beim $ an jeder Seite mit einem, und

der Vorderrand in der Mitte mit zwei dunkelbräunlichen Fleckchen.

Elytren subhyalin, gelblich getrübt; Nerven gelblich, Körnchen

gleichfarbig mit den Nerven, gegen die Spitze hin bräunlich werdend,

nicht behaart; Quernerven und Stigma braun. Apicalzellen hie und

da dunkel gefleckt. Hinterbrust weisslich; Beine gelblich, Schenkel

etwas verbräunt.

§ Afterröhre rundlich. Griffel lang, gerade, dicht zusammen

schliessend, an der Spitze mit einem nach aussen rechtwinkelig

gebogenen, zugespitzten Fortsatze, in der Mitte der unteren Ausbuch-

tung mit einem kleinen Fortsatze,

? Bauchsegment 5 breit rundlich ausgebuchtet, 6 am Hinter-

rande in der Mitte flach ausgerandet.

430 S. MATSUMURA :

Länge: ¢ 5.5—? 6.5 mm.

Hab.: Kiushu (Kagoshima, Futsukaichi); zahlreiche Exemplare

gesammelt vom Verfasser.

Der Form nach O. artemisiæ m. sehr ähnlich, aber viel kleiner

und ganz von bräunlichgelber Farbung.

Mundopa Dist.

Fauna British Ind. Rhyn. Vol. III, p. 263 (1906).

1. Mundopa kotoshonis sp. n.

Dunkelbraun. Die seitlichen Kiele des Scheitels, die Basalhälfte

der Stirn, der Clypeus, das Rostrum, die Brust und Beine blass-

gelblich. Elytren dunkelbraun, die Mitte das ausgebuchteten Costal-

randes weisslich, die Mitte des Coriums und das Spitzenfeld nur wenig

ausgedehnt weisslich. Hinterflügel dunkel. Bauch dunkelbraun.

¢ Der Rand des Genitalsegments gelblich; in der Mitte der

unteren Ausbuchtung mit einer kleinen Vorragung; Griffel schmal

und lang, in der Mitte je mit einer undeutlichen kleinen Vorragung,

an der Spitze nach aussen etwas hakenförmig gekrümmt.

Länger 3-5 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Kotosho Insel); 2 è Exemplare gessammelt von

Herrn T. Shiraki.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach. JZ. cingalensis Dist. sehr ähnlich,

aber viel kleiner.

Barma Dist.

Faun. British Ind. Rhyn. Vol. III, p. 267 (1906).

1, Barma maculata sp. n.

Kopf, Pronotum Brust und Rostrum blassgelblich, Mesonotum

hellbraunlichgelb. Elytren semiopak, weisslichgrau, mit 7 in etwa 3

Reihen (2, 3, 2) geordeneten, dunklen Flecken; Apicalmembran

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 431

welche in der Mitte am Innenrande etwas unterbrochen ist, dunkel.

Hinterflügel auch dunkel gefleckt. Beine schmutziggelb, Vorder- und

Mittelschenkel verbräunt. Bauch bräunlich, Genitalsegment gelblich.

è Die seitlichen Lappen des Genitalsegments an der Spitze

schmal abgerundet, ein spitziger Fortsatz in der Mitte der unteren

Ausbuchtung; Griffel an der Basis schmal, gegen die Spitze hin

allmählich breiter werdend, nahe dem Ende äusserlich mit einem etwa

nach unten gekrümmten Fortsatze.

? Letztes Bauchsegment gelblich, am Hinterrande kaum aus-

gerandet ; Legescheide bräunlich, lang, aufwärts gebogen.

Länge: $ 8mm, ? 9 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Toroen, Hoppo, Horisha); 9 (8 è, 1 ?) Exem-

plare gesammelt auf einiger Pteridis-Arten.

Der Zeichnung nach PB. diversa Dist. etwas ähnlich, aber viel

grösser.

Brixia Stal.

Ofv. Vet-Ak. Förh. p. 162 (1856).

1. Brixia marmorata Uhl.

Cotyleceps marmorata Uhl. Proc. N. M. U. S. A. p. 280 (1896).

Hab.: Honshu, Shikoku, Kiushu; häufig auf Salix-Arten.

2. Brixia harimaensis sp. n.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach 2. marmorata Uhl. sehr ähnlich,

weicht aber in den folgenden Punkten wohl ab.

Scheitel lang, stark aufwärts gerichtet, die seitlichen, weisslichen

Längs-Striche viel länger. Die Seitenkiele der Stirn ganz gelblich,

nahe der Wurzel mit einer Reihe von bräunlichen Fleckchen; Gesicht

viel schmäler. Mesonotum gelblichbraun, und an der Spitze nicht

gelblich wie bei marmorata. Die Nerven der Elytren viel weniger

432 S. MATSUMURA:

und undeutlicher gekörnelt, die Körnchen kaum dunkler als die

Grundfarbe ; Clavus schmutziggelb, in der Mitte am Rande mit einem

kurzen dunklen Schrägsstriche, die Innenseite der Schrägsnerven

weisslich; in der Mitte der Naht äusserlich im Corium mit einem

bogenförmigen, weisslichen Flecke, welcher dunkel gesäumt ist; nahe

der Mitte des Coriums von der Naht bis zum Brachius zieht eine

etwas nach aussen gebogene, bräunliche Binde, welche äusserlich

weisslich gerandet ist; Stigma braun, weisslich gerandet ; Spitzenfeld

dunkel, nahe der Costa mit einem gelblichen Flecke; im Costalfelde

mit 3 bräunlichen Flecken, Bogenrand braun, innerhalb desselben mit

einem bräunlichen, dreieckigen Fleckchen. Beim % Vorder- und

Mittelschenkel verbräunt.

? Griffel stiefel-förmig gekrümmt, an der Spitze dunkel und nach

innen wieder stark gekrümmt.

? Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande in der Mitte mit einer un-

deutlichen, niedrigen Vorragung.

Länge: § 7 mm, ? omm.

Hab.: Honshu (Akashi, Yamato), Kiushu (Jono); 3 (2 è, 1 ?)

Exemplare gesammelt von Herrn T. Isshiki und vom

Verfasser.

3. Brixia formosana sp. n.

Der Form und Zeichnung nach 2. marmorata Uhl. sehr ähnlich,

unterscheidet sich aber wie folgt:

Scheitel mit 2 schwarzen Längsstrichen, ohne weisslichen Strich.

Gesicht gelblich, die seitlichen Kiele entlang mit einer Reihe von

bräunlichen Fleckchen, Clypeusnaht bräunlich. Elytren nahe der

Mitte mit zwei bräunlichen Flecken, von welchen der eins an der

Naht liegt und von dreieckiger Form ist, innerhalb der Clavusspitze

mit einem bräunlichen Flecke, in der Mitte vor dem Stigma mit

einem nur die Mitte des Coriums erreichenden, bräunlichen Querstrei-

fen; Stigma gelblich, aber kleiner, Spitzenrand schwach angeraucht,

DIE CIXIINEN JAPANS. 433

ohne Fleckchen, die Region der Apicalnerven unregelmässig braunlich

gefleckt; ein von der Costalbasis bis zur Clavusmitte ziehender,

braunlicher Schragsstreif sehr deutlich.

? Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande kaum vorragend.

Länge: © 7.5mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Kanshirei); gesammelt in einem $ Exemplare

vom Verfasser.

4. Brixia ocellata sp. n.

„Der Form und Färbung nach 2. marmorata Uhl. ähnlich.

Scheitel hellbräunlich, ohne Fleckchen. Gesicht sehr schmal, die

seitlichen Kiele subhyalin, gelblich, ohne Fleckchen. Mesonotum in

der Mitte braun, an den Seiten gelblich. Elytren gelblich, von der

Basis bis zur Mitte des Clavusrandes zieht eine weissliche Schrags-

binde, nahe der Spitze des Clavus mit einem bräunlich gerandeten,

weisslichen Fleckchen, nahe der Basis am Costalrande mit einem

grossen, dreieckigen, dunkel gerandeten, subhyalinen Flecke, in der

Mitte auch ein kleiner subhyaliner Fleck ; innerhalb der Clavusspitze

mit einem schwarzen Ringsflecke, welcher mit einer weisslichen

Pupille versehen ist und von welchem bis zum Brachius eine weiss-

liche, inwendig dunkel gerandete, weissliche Querbinde verlàuft ; von

der Clavus-Spitze bis zum Brachius zieht auch eine inwendig dunkel

gerandete, weissliche Querbinde, die Region der Apicalquernerven mit

einer bräunlichen Querbinde, an der Spitze am Vorderrande mit

einem kurzen, bräunlichen Schrägsstriche. Unterseite und Beine

blassgelblich.

¢ Bauchsegment 6 am Hinterrande flach ausgerandet.

Länge: ? 6.5 mm.

Hab.: Formosa (Koshun); 1 ? Exemplar gesammelt vom Ver-

fasser.

Der Zeichnung nach auch Melandeva ocellata Dist. ähnlich.

434 S. MATSUMURA :

Kirbyana Dist.

Fauna Brit. Ind. Rhyn. p. 262 (1906).

1. Kirbyana pagana Melich.

Kirbya pagana Melich. Homp.-Faun. Ceyl. p. 38 (1903); Mats.—

Schiid. u. Niitz, Ins. Zuckerrohr Formosas, p. 14 (1910).

Hab.: Formosa (Kanshirei). Sonstige Fundort: China, Malay,

Indien.

On Four Polycystid Gregarines from the

Intestine of Tribolium ferrugineum F.

S. Ishii, Rigakushi.

With 4 Figures.

In the intestine of the beetle, Zribohum ferrugineum F., I have

found four polycystid gregarines, of which one is referable to the

already known species Gregarina cuneata F. STEIN, while the remain-

ing three are forms apparently not yet described. The host beetles

were collected in the Province of Izu in the early part of October

last year.

1. Gregarina cuneata F. STEIN. (Fig. 1).

1848, F. STEIN, Gregarina cuneata: Arch. Anat. Physiol Med.

1875, AIME SCHNEIDER, Clepsidrina polymorpha var. Clepsidrina

cuneata (STEIN): Arch. Zool. Exp., tom. 4.

1899, A. LABBE, Gregarina polymorpha cuneata F. STEIN:

Sporozoa.

1902, BERNDT, Gregarina cuneata: Arch. f. Protistenk., Bd. 1.

1904, LEGER et DUBOSCQ, Gregarina cuneata F. ST.: Arch. f.

Protistenk., Bd. 4.

Fig. 1. Gregarina cuneata in syzygy. 360x.

436 SISI

The larger sporonts are usually associated in syzygy ; the smaller

ones solitary. The infection is generally not heavy, but pretty

common.

2. Gregarina minuta sp. nov. (Fig. 2).

The larger sporonts are usually in association, the smaller ones

often solitary.

di ee

Gr eue) ee

Fig. 2. Gregarina minuta n. sp.

a, A large syzygy with satellite lacking protomerite. 4, A small syzygy.

c, A solitary sporont. All 360x.

Protomerite ovoid, sometimes more or less half-moon-shaped,

broader than long. It is not large, especially so in the satellite, in

which it is not infrequently hidden from view, being entirely imbedded

in the deutomerite of the primite.

Deutomerite elongate, cylindrical, rounded posteriorly. Between

the two segments of the body there is usually a distinct constriction.

Epicyte thin, rigid. Sarcocyte thin all over the body. Septal

region not thick. Endocyte not dense, almost clear in appearance.

Nucleus large, spherical, usually situated near the middle of

deutomerite, clearly visible in living animals in both primite and

satellite. Karyosome single, large, spherical.

Cyst small, spherical.

Measurements :

association :

Larger association

FOUR POLYCYSTID GREGARINES. 437

Length of protomerite, Sn.

Breadth of protomerite, 14.

Primite Length of deutomerite, 92 pv.

Breadth of deutomerite, 24 p.

Total length, 100 y.

Length of deutomerite, 88 p.

Satellite | Breadth of deutomerite, 264.

Protomerite absent.

Total length of the association, 188 u.

Smaller association :

Length of protomerite, Gp.

Breadth of protomerite, 11 y.

Primite 4 Length of deutomerite, 52.

Breadth of deutomerite, 19 y.

Total length, 58 m.

Length of protomerite, 4 fi.

Breadth of protomerite, Su.

Satellite + Length of deutomerite, 561.

Breadth of deutomerite, 20 m.

\ Total length, 60 y.

Total length of the association, 118 4

Solitary sporonts :

Length of protomerite, 5-8 1.

Length of deutomerite, 22-112 1.

Breadth of body, 6-28 u.

Total length of body, 27-120 y.

Diameter of cysts, 36-48 y.

Many sporonts, sometimes in association, were found dead in the

faeces of the host. They were usually unchanged in form, but some-

times greatly emaciated and wrinkled.

Infection usually not heavy, nor common,

438 S. ISHIT:

This form greatly resembles Gregarina polymorpha (HAMMER-

SCHMIDT), but differs from it in being generally smaller, in the

frequent absence of protomerite in the satellite, and in the spherical

shape of cysts. In G. polymorpha, so far as I know, the protomerite

is always present and the cyst is of an oval shape.

3. Gregarina crassa sp. nov. (Fig, 3).

Fig. 3. Gregarina crassa n. sp. 360x.

Sporonts usually in association.

Protomerite ovoid, relatively very small, always broader than

long, usually not visible in satellite.

Deutomerite also ovoid, very large, rounded posteriorly. Satellite

with posterior part of deutomerite usually somewhat narrowed.

Between the two segments of body there exists a distinct constriction.

Epicyte thin, especially so in protomerite. Sarcocyte very thin

all over, being not much thicker than epicyte. Septal region not

thick, inconspicuous. Endocyte almost clear in protomerite, with only

a few number of granules; but very dense in deutomerite, giving it

a dark brownish black colour.

Nucleus usually situated near the middle of deutomerite. It is

only vaguely visible owing to the great denseness of the endocyte.

Measurements :

Average association :

FOUR POLYCYSTID GREGARINES. 439

Length of protomerite, 6 ft.

Breadth of protomerite, 16 1.

Primite | Length of deutomerite, 112 y.

| Breadth of deutomerite, 641.

Total length, 118 pe

Length of deutomerite, 124 y

Satellite { Breadth of deutomerite, 60 y.

| Protomerite absent.

Total length of the association, 242 ft.

Solitary sporonts :

DI B

Length of protomerite, 6 1. 8 pr.

Length of deutomerite, Liz 7 92 fl.

Breadth of body, 60 y. 52 1.

Total length of body, 118 IOOM.

In one case I have found a free sporont which was apparently

without protomerite. It was slightly narrower at one end of the

body. Probably I had only a detached satellite before me.

Infection not heavy, nor common.

This form resembles in some points Gregarina Steint which was

described by BERNDT” from the intestine of Zenedrio molitor, but differs

from this in the much smaller protomerite, in the thicker deutomerite,

and in the frequent absence of protomerite in the satellite.

4. Steinina obconica sp. nov. (Fig. 4).

In trophic stages always solitary.

Epimerite not deciduous, somewhat conical in shape, small and

short, having an average length of only 6y. On several occasions

1) BERNDT, A.— Beitrag zur Kenntniss der im Darme der Larve von Texedrio molitor

lebenden Gregarinen.” Arch. f. Protistenk., Bd. 1., 1902.

440 S. ISHII:

I have observed the animal attached to the epithelium of host intestine

by the small epimerite.”

Protomerite half-moon-shaped, more or less

compressed antero-posteriorly, always broader

than long.

Deutomerite rather obconical, broadest close

to the septum, narrowing posteriorly and ending

with obtuse end; usually 3 or 4 times as long

as the protomerite. ‘The constriction between the

two segments of body is in most cases not con-

spicuous, often nearly so obsolete as to obscure the

distinction between protomerite and deutomerite.

Epicyte thin, especially so in protomerite.

Sarcocyte thin near the septum, but thicker

Fig. 4.

Steinina obconica n. sp.

towards the posterior end of deutomerite; thick-

AG fa end also along the anterior end of protomerite.

Septum very thin, inconspicuous. Endocyte very

dense and dark in both segments, lighter towards the posterior end

of deutomerite evidently owing to the thinning of body.

Nucleus can not be clearly seen in living specimens, it being

deeply imbedded among endocytic granules. It is situated usually in

the broadest portion of deutomerite. In many cases the body is bent

toward one side, giving rise to a shape remotely resembling that of

a comma.

Cyst large, spherical or somewhat ovoid.

Measurements :

A B C D E

Length of protomerite, 231, 284, 324 244, 204.

Length of deutomerite, 112 4, 112, 1164, 807, 100 y.

1) The so called “ bouton aplati” of LÉGER et DuBosco (‘ Nouvelles recherches sur

les grégarines et l’épithélium intestinal des Trachéates,’ Arch. f. Protistenk., Bd. 4., 1904.)

is likely something different from true epimerite.

FOUR POLYCYSTID GREGARINES. 44I

Breadth of body, 68, Som 804, 52/4, 561.

Total length of body

(excepting epimerite), 1401, 1404, 148 1, 1044, 120 1.

Diameters of an average-sized cyst, 120 1 x 108 m.

Infection not heavy, but pretty common.

This gregarine differs from Steinina ovalis (F. STEIN) in the

peculiar shape of deutomerite, z. e., in this being obconical instead of

oval.» Further, the two species differ in the shape of protomerite.

Tokyo, Nov. 7, 1913.

1) Cf. LÉGER et DUBOSCQ, of. cit.

Notizen tiber japanische Ascidien, II.

Von

Dr. Asajiro Oka.

Tokio.

Mit 16 Figuren.

Fam. MOLGULIDZ.

Obgleich es nicht zu leugnen ist, dass diese Familie gegeniiber

den andern stolidobranchiaten Familien, den Cynthiiden und Styeliden,

in der japanischen Meeresfauna stark zurücktritt-—wir kennen ja zur

Zeit nur eine einzige Art, Molgula japonica Hartmeyer, aus Japan —,

so ist sie doch tatsächlich nicht so artenarm in unsern Gewässern,

wie es nach den vorliegenden Daten den Anschein hat. Unter

meinem Material von einheimischen Ascidien, das keineswegs als

erschöpfend bezeichnet werden darf, finden sich nicht weniger als acht

Arten, die ich hier kurz beschreibe. Zwei davon gehören zu bereits

bekannten Formen, die übrigen erwiesen sich als neu für die Wissen-

schaft. Sie gehören alle zu der Gattung Molgula.

Nach der Zahl der Längsfalten am Kiemensack lassen sich die

Arten wie folgt einteilen:

Kiemensack mit 5 Falten jederseits,

I. Molgula crystallina Möller.

2. Molgula redikorzevi n. sp.

Kiemensack mit 6 Falten jederseits,

3. Molgula rotunda n. sp.

* A. Oka, Notizen über japanische Ascidien, I. Annot. zool. japon. Vol. VI. 1906.

444 DR. ASAJIRO OKA:

Kiemensack mit 7 Falten jederseits,

4. Molgula japonica Hartmeyer.

5. Molgula vannamei n. sp.

6. Molgula aidae n. sp.

7. Molgula hartmeyeri n. sp.

8. Molgula xenophora n. sp.

1. Molgula erystallina Möller.

Clavelina crystallina. Möller, H. P. C, Index molluscorum

Grönlandiae. Naturh. Tidsskr. Vol. IV. 1842.

Molgula crystallina. Danielsen, D. C., Beretning om en zoologisk

Reise foretagen i Sommeren 1857. Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk.

Vol XL? 1861

Pera crystallina. Verrill, A. E., Recent Additions to the

Molluscan Fauna of New England. Amer. Journ. Sci. Ser.

ar ol = 11107872:

Caesira crystallina Hartmeyer, R., Tunicata. Bronn’s Kl. u.

Ordn. d. Tierreichs. III. Bd. Suppl. I. Abt. 1909.

Vemley5 tls Fig. 2.

Molgula crystallina. Von links. x 3. Molgula crystallina. Von rechts. x 3.

Äussere Kennzeichen. Körper birnförmig oder kurz gestielt

eiformig, festsitzend; Länge (einschliesslich des Stiels) 12-18 mm.,

Dicke 8-ıomm. Stiel von wechselnder Länge, entweder vom eigent-

lichen Körper deutlich abgesetzt oder in ihn übergehend, immer an

der Ventralseite.

Siphonen sehr kurz; die Öffnungen ganz oder wenig erhaben,

NOTIZEN UBER JAPANISCHE ASCIDIEN, II. 445

ungefähr + des medianen Körperumfanges von einander entfernt;

Ingestionsöffnung median, an der Vorderfläche, 6-lappig; Egestion-

söffnung dem Stielansatz bezw. dem zugespitzten Körperende entgegen-

gesetzt, 4-lappig.

Oberfläche eben und völlig glatt, frei von Fremdkörpen und

Einlagerungen.

Farbe des konservierten Tieres blasgelblich, durchscheinend.

Testa: weich knorpelig, durchsichtig, von geringer Dicke.

Tunica: dünn, durchsichtig ; Muskulatur an den Siphonen ziem-

lich gut entwickelt, an sonstigen Körperteilen äusserst schwach.

Tentakel: zusammengesetzt, baumartig verästelt, über 100 an

Zahl, von verschiedener Grösse, regelmässig angeordnet. Die kleinsten

Tentakel sind unverzweigt, fingerförmig.

Kiemensack: mit 5 Längsfalten jederseits; jede Falte mit 3-4

inneren Längsgefässen. Intermediäre Längsgefässe fehlen. Felder

zwischen den Falten rechteckig; Infundibula flach, gewöhnlich ein

einziges, manchmal auch 2 in jedem Felde. Kiemenspalten länglich,

schmal, halbmondförmig gebogen.

Flimmerorgan: hufeisenformig, etwas länger als breit; die

beiden Hörner einwärts gebogen; die Öffnung nach rechts gewandt.

Dorsalfalte: ziemlich hoch, glattrandig, nicht gerippt.

Darm: linksseitig, der inneren Fläche der Tunica angeheftet,

eine längliche schmale Schlinge bildend. Magen oval, mit Leber-

lappen ; Anus mit glattem Rande, am Kiemensack angewachsen.

Exkretionsorgan: rechtsseitig, eine wurstförmige, kaum gebo-

gene Nierenblase.

Geschlechtsorgane: beiderseits eine langgestreckte zwittrige

Gonade; die linke oberhalb der Darmschlinge, die rechte oberhalb

der Nierenblase, parallel derselben.

Fundnotiz. Kurillen, bei Urup Insel, 227 Faden (Coll. “ Albat-

ross”); 1 Exemplar. Kamtschatka, 57 Faden (Coll. “ Albatross”); 1

Exemplar.

446 DR. ASAJIRO OKA:

Anmerkung. Von dieser Art liegen mir 2 Exemplare vor, die

beide von dem amerikanischen Dampfer ‘ Albatross” erbeutet wurden.

Das eine besitzt einen kegelförmigen, vom Rumpf deutlich abgesetzten

Stiel, das andere dagegen ist an der Ventralseite einfach zugespitzt.

Beide stimmen mit den Beschreibungen früherer Autoren durchaus

überein und geben keine Veranlassung zu weiteren Bemerkungen.

Nur die Fundorte liegen bedeutend weiter nach Süden als der

bekannte südlichste. Interessant ist auch die Tatsache, dass das

Tier, welches in seiner Heimat im arktischen Gebiet nur in geringer

Tiefe vorkommt, an dem südlicheren der beiden Fundorte aus einer

bedeutend grösseren Tiefe erbeutet wurde.

2. Molgula redikorzevi n. sp.

Fig. 3. Fig. 4.

Molgula redikorzevi. Von links. x 1.5. Molgula redikorzevi. Von rechts. x 1.5.

Aussere Kennzeichen. Körper langlich oval oder birnförmig,

mit dem verjüngten Körperende festsitzend ; Länge 36mm, Breite 24

mm, Querschnitt rundlich oval.

Siphonen sehr kurz; Körperöffnungen flach, kaum erhaben, etwa

1 des medianen Körperumfanges von einander entfernt; Ingestion-

söffnung median, nahe dem Mittelpunkt der Vorderfläche, 6-lappig ;

Egestionsöffnung dem freien breiteren Körperende genähert, 4-lappig.

Oberfläche nacht, eben, ziemlich glatt, nur hier und da schwach

gerunzelt, vollkommen frei von Fremdkörpern.

NOTIZEN UBER JAPANISCHE ASCIDIEN, II. 447

Farbe beim konservierten Tier blasgelblich, durchscheinend ; die

inneren Organen schimmern undeutlich durch die Körperhaut hindurch.

Testa: dünn, knorpelig, durchsichtig.

Tunica: dünn, durchsichtig; Muskulatur, abgesehen von den

Siphonenmuskeln, nur sehr schwach entwickelt.

Tentakel: zusammengesetzt, baumartig verästelt, von verschie-

dener Grösse, über 40 an Zahl; grosse und mittlegrosse ziemlich

regelmässig alternierend, dazwischen noch viel kleinere ; die kleinsten

nur spärlich verästelt.

Kiemensack: mit 5 Falten jederseits; 2-3 innere Längsgefässe

auf jeder Falte. Intermediäre Längsgefässe fehlen. Quergefässe nicht

deutlich. Infundibula gross, flach, in regelmässigen Längs- und

Querreihen angeordnet; meist ı Infundibulum, stellenweise 2 in einem

Felde. Kiemenspalten meist lang und halbmondförmig gebogen.

Flimmerorgan: hufeisenförmig, die beiden Hörner einwärts

gebogen, aber nicht eingerollt ; Öffnung nach hinten gewandt.

Dorsalfate: schmal, glatt, glattrandig.

Darm: linksseitig, eine längliche, ziemlich enge Schlinge bildend.

Magen mit wohlentwickelten Leberlappen; Anus glattrandig; der

ganze Enddarm bis an den After dem dorsalen Rande des Kiemen-

sacks dicht anliegend.

Exkretionsorgan: eine grosse, kaum gebogene, wurstförmige

Nierenblase an der rechten Seite.

Geschlechtsorgane: beiderseits ein Ovarium und ein Hoden;

das linke Ovarium oberhalb der Darmschlinge, das rechte oberhalb

der Niere; der linke Hoden in der Darmschlinge, der rechte unter-

halb der Nierenblase, dieselbe teilweise von innen bedeckend.

Fundnotiz : Kamtschatka, 40 und 43 Faden (Coll. “ Albatross ”) ;

2 Exemplare.

Anmerkung. Diese Art, die ich dem russischen Ascidiologen Dr.

W. Redikorzev widme, gehört eigentlich noch nicht in die japanische

Fauna. Ich habe sie trotzdem in diese Notizen aufgenommen, da es

448 DR. ASAJIRO OKA:

hôchst wahrscheinlich ist, dass sie, ähnlich wie die vorige Art, sich

bis zu den Kurillen verbreitet.

Durch die eigentiimliche Lage der getrennten Gonaden erinnert

diese Art zunächst an Molgula retortiformis Verrill, aber diese

letztere besitzt 7 Falten jederseits am Kiemensack und auffallend

lange Siphonen. Auch liegt der linke Hoden nicht nur in der Darm-

schlinge, sondern erstreckt sich auch unterhalb derselben. Bei M.

siphonalis Sars, die ebenfalls getrennte Gonaden besitzt, ist die Lage

des linken Hodens wieder eine andre, indem er gänzlich unterhalb

der eng geschlossenen Darmschlinge gelagert ist. Am nächsten

scheint mir die neue Art noch der Molgula crystallina zu stehen, mit

der sie ausser der Zahl der Kiemenfalten noch eine Reihe äusserer

Charaktere gemein hat.

3. Molgula rotunda n. sp.

Fig. 5. Fig. 6.

Molgula rotunda. Von links. x3. Molgula rotunda. Von rechts. x3.

Äussere Kennzeichen. Körper rundlich oval, wenig höher

als breit, mit der hinteren Partie und mit der rechten Seite an Hydroid-

polypen festgewachsen ; Höhe 14 mm, Breite 12.5 mm, Querschnitt oval.

Siphonen ganz kurz; die Körperöffnungen etwa 4 des medianen

Körperumfanges von einander entfernt, beide an der Voredrflache ;

Ingestionsöffnung 6-lappig, Egestionsoffnung 4-lappig.

NOTIZEN UBER JAPANISCHE ASCIDIEN, II. 449

Oberflache im allgemeinen eben, keine merkliche Runzeln, überall

mit ganz feinen Sandkörnchen spärlich bedeckt.

Farbe des konservierten Tieres blassgelblich, halb durchscheinend.

Testa: dünn, knorpelig, durchsichtig ; Haftfaden überall vor-

handen, aber sehr kurz, beinahe warzenförmie.

Tunica: dünn, durchsichtig; Muskulatur am Körper nur schwach

entwickelt.

Tentakel: zusammengesetzt, baumartig, aber nicht besonders

reichlich verästelt; ca. 11 an der Zahl, grössere und kleinere nicht

ganz regelmässig alternierend.

Kiemensack: mit 6 Falten jederseits; 4-5 innere Längsgefässe

auf jeder Falte; intermediäre Längsgefässe fehlen. Quergefässe nicht

gut entwickelt. Kiemenspalten gebogen, teilweise in Spiralen ange-

ordnet ; Infundibula zahlreich, aber klein.

Flimmerorgan: breit hufeisenförmig, die beiedn Hörner nicht

eingerollt ; Öffnung nach hinten und etwas nach links gewandt.

Dorsalfalte: schmal, glattrandig, nicht gerippt.

Darm: linksseitig eine sehr lange, fast geschlossene, bogenförmig

gekrümmte Schlinge bildend, deren Umbiegungsstelle weit nach vorn

bis in die Nähe des Ingestionssiphos hinreicht. Magen klein, mit

deutlichen Leberlappen ; After glattrandig, am Kiemensack ange-

wachsen.

Exkretionsorgan: rechtsseitig eine grosse wurstförmige, schräg

gestellte Nierenblase.

Geschlechtsorgane: beiderseitz eine zwitterige Gonade; die

linke, V-förmig geknickt, oberhalb der Darmschlinge, d. h. in dem

durch die Darmschlinge halbkreisförmig umgeschlossenen Raum; die

rechte, lang gestreckt, oberhalb der Nierenblase, parallel derselben.

Fundnotiz. Kamtschatka, 72 Faden (Coll. “ Albatross”); 1 Ex-

emplar.

Anmerkung. Diese Art, die mir nur in einem einzigen, vom

‘ Albatross” gesammelten Exemplar vorliegt, scheint der 7. ampul-

450 DR. ASAJIRO OKA:

loides Bened. am nächsten zu stehen. Sowohl im äusseren Habitus

wie auch in der eigentiimlich gekriimmten Darmschlinge stimmen die

beiden Arten vollkommen überein, aber die neue Art hat einen glatt-

randigen After statt eines gezähnelten. Auch die Zahl der Längs-

gefässe auf den Kiemenfalten ist, wenn auch unbedeutend, bei beiden

Arten verschieden.

4. Molgula japonica Hartmeyer.

EiigerZ. Fig. 8.

Molgula japonica. Von links. x1. Molgula japonica. Von rechts. x1.

Molgula japonica. Hartmeyer, R., Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss

der japanischen Ascidienfauna. Zool. Anz. Bd. XXXI. 1906.

Aussere Kennzeichen. Kérper langlich oval, frei; Lange 34

mm, Breite 21 mm, Querschnitt fast kreisrund.

Siphonen sehr kurz; die Offnung äusserlich nicht erkennbar, etwa

i des medianen Körperumfanges von einender entfernt, beide median

an der Vorderfläche ; Ingestionsöffnung 6-lappig, Egestionsöffnung 4-

lappig.

Oberfläche vollständig mit einer dichten Lage von Sandkörnchen

und kleinen Steinen bedeckt. Farbe der Sandkörnchen bei dem vor-

liegenden Stücke dunkelgrau.

Testa: nicht besonders dick, aber ziemlich fest, weisslich.

Tunica: Siphonenmuskeln wohl entwickelt; daneben noch ein

System von eigentümlichen kurzen Muskeln, die im vorderen Körper-

abschnitt die derberen Längsmuskelbänder senkrecht schneiden und in

NOTIZEN UBER JAPANISCHE ASCIDIEN, II. 451

mehreren bandartigen Reihen parallel zur Körperlängsachse angeordnet

sind.

Tentakel: reichlich verästelt, ca. 16, grössere und kleinere

ziemlich regelmässig alternierend.

Kiemensack: jederseits mit 7 Falten ; 11-12 innere Längsgefässe

auf jeder Falte, ı inneres Längsgefäss in jedem Faltenzwischenraum ;

Quergefässe 1. und 2. Ordnung, die alternieren. In grossen Feldern

zwischen 2 Quergefässen ı. Ordnung zwei nicht besonders tiefe

Infundibula, die sich wiederum gabeln. Kiemenspalten ziemlich lang,

fast gerade oder nur schwach gebogen.

Flimmerorgan: länglich hufeisenförmig mit spiralig eingerollten

Schenkeln ; Öffnung nach hinten gewandt.

Darm: linksseitig eine lange, ziemlich weite Schlinge bildend ;

Magen mit deutlichen Leberlappen ; After glattrandig.

Exkretionsorgan: eine grosse, lange, wurstförmige Nierenblase

an der rechten Seite.

Geschlechtsorgane: jederseits eine längliche, keulenförmige

hermaphroditische Gonade; die linke in der Darmschlinge, die rechte

oberhalb der Nierenblase.

Fundnotiz. Tateyama, 10 Faden; 1 Exemplar.

Anmerkung. Das einzige Exemplar stimmt in allen wesentlichen

anatomischen Merkmalen mit der Beschreibung von Hartmeyer so

genau überein, dass ich nicht anstehe, dasselbe dieser Art zuzurechnen.

Wie unten erwahnt wird, findet sich unter japanischen Molguliden

eine Art, die in der Lage der linken Gonade innerhalb der Darm-

schlinge, zwei andre, die in der eigentiimlichen Beschaffenheit der

Muskulatur mit dieser Art übereinstimmen, alle drei sind aber in

anderweitigen Charakteren von dieser Art ganz verschieden. Merk-

wirdig ist, dass in der Bucht von Tateyama, wo ich seit siebzehn

Jahren Ascidien sammle, diese Art bisher nur einmal und in einem

einzigen Exemplar gefunden worden ist.

452 DR. ASAJIRO OKA:

5. Molgula vannamei n. sp.

Fig. 9. Fig. 10.

Molgula vannamei. Non links. x 2Z.5. Moigula vannamei. Von rechts. x 2.5.

Aussere Kennzeichen. Kôrper rundlich oval, seitlich wenig

zusammengedriickt, mit einem kleinen Bezirke der hinteren Partie

festgewachsen (?) ; Länge 16mm, Breite 12 mm.

Siphonen sehr kurz, die Körperöffnungen ungefähr } des medianen

Körperumfanges von einander entfernt, beide an der Vorderflache ;

Ingestionsöffnung undeutlich 6-lappig, Egestionsöffnung 4-lappig.

Oberfläche im allgemeinen eben, nackt; Haftfaden, an denen

stellenweise feine Schlammpartikeln anhaften, kurz, gleichmässig zer-

streut.

Farbe des konservierten Tieres hellbräunlich, durchscheinend.

Testa: sehr weich, nicht besonders dünn, gallertig aber zäh,

durchsichtig; lässt sich nicht leicht vom unterliegenden Gewebe

ta)

abheben.

Tunica: dünn, durchsichtig; Muskulatur schwach, Muskelbündel

sehr fein und ziemlich weitläufig, sich rechtwinklig und schräg schnei-

dend.

Tetankel: zusammengesetzt, fiederartig verästelt, ca. I2, von

verschiedener Grösse, ohne jede Regelmässigkeit in der Anordnung.

Kiemensack: jederseits mit 7 Falten; 7-9 innere Längsgefässe

auf jeder Falte, o in den Faltenzwischenräumen. Kiemenspalten ge-

bogen, in grossen, ziemlich tiefen Infundibula spiralig angeordnet,

NOTIZEN UBER JAPANISCHE ASCIDIEN, II. 453

Zahl der Windungen über 12; je 1 Längsreihe von Infundibula ent-

lang einer Falte, Basis der Infundibula quadratisch. Radiale Gefässe

vorhanden. Peripharyngealband stark wellig.

Flimmerorgan: sehr einfach, Öffnung schlitzförmig, längsgestellt.

Dorsalfalte: breit, glattrandig.

Darm: linksseitig eine lange, fast geschlossene Schlinge bildend ;

an der Umbiegungsstelle der Darmschlinge eine kleine Ose, die

die Gonade umfasst. Magen längsgefaltet, After glattrandig.

Exkretionsorgan: eine ganz kleine ovale Nierenblase an der

rechten Seite, dem hinteren Körperende genähert.

Geschlechtsorgane: beiderseits eine zwitterige Gonade von

ovalem Umriss; die linke in der engen Darmschlinge, die rechte ober-

halb der Nierenblase, senkrecht zur Längsachse derselben.

Fundnotiz: Kyushu, bei Insel Goto; ı Exemplar.

Anmerkung. Diese interessante Art stimmt in der Lage der

linken Gonade innerhalb der Darmschlinge mit der vorigen Art über-

ein, von der sie jedoch in allen andern Punkten stark abweicht. Im

Bau des Kiemensackes kommt diese Art der Molgula eugyroides

Traustedt aus Westindien und einigen von Sluiter beschriebenen

Siboga-Arten, wie MZ. crintta und M. sordida sehr nahe, unterscheidet

sich aber von allen diesen schon durch die eigentümlich gelagerten

Gonaden.

6. Molgula aidae n. sp.

JES alle Fig. 12.

Molgula aidae. Von links. x1. Molgula aidae. Von rechts. x1.

454 DR. ASAJIRO OKA:

Äussere Kennzeichen. Körper oval, seitlich etwas zusammen-

gedrückt ; Länge 48mm, Breite 33 mm.

Siphonen mässig lang, kegelförmig, an der Basis sich berührend ;

beide median, an der Vorderfläche, dem ventralen Rande genähert;

Ingestionsöffnung 6-lappig, Egestionsöffnung 4-lappig.

Oberfläche vollständig mit groben Sandkörnern und Muschelfrag-

menten bedeckt.

Testa: nicht besonders dick, aber zäh, durchscheinend weiss,

überall mit sehr feinen, ziemlich langen, spärlich verästelten Haftfaden

ausgestattet.

Tunica: im allgemeinen dünn und durchsichtig ; Muskulatur der

Siphonen wohl entwickelt, besonders die derben, von ihrer Basis aus-

strahlenden Längsbündeln.

Tentakel: zusammengesetzt, reichlich verästelt, etwa 16, grössere

und kleinere ziemlich regelmässig alternierend.

Kiemensack: jederseits mit 7 Falten, von denen die erste

merklich schmaler ist als die übrigen; 7-8 innere Längsgefässe auf

jeder Falte, keine in den Faltenzwischenräumen. Kiemenspalten lang

oder kurz, gerade oder wenig gebogen, an den Falten unregelmässig

spiralige Figuren bildend, in den Faltenzwischenräumen einfach in

der Längsrichtung parallel angeordnet.

Flimmerorgan: hufeisenförmig, beide Hörner eingerollt ; Öffnung

nach rechts gewandt.

Dorsalfalte: schmal, dünn, glattrandig.

Darm: linksseitig eine lange schmale Schlinge bildend ; Magen

mit wohl entwickelten Leberlappen ; After glattrandig, dem Kiemen-

sack anliegend.

Exkretionsorgan: eine lange, nicht besonders dicke, wenig

gebogene Nierenblase an der rechten Seite, dem hinteren Medianlinie

genähert,

Geschlechtsorgane: beiderseits eine längliche zwitterige Gonade,

die linke oberhalb der Darmschlinge, die rechte oberhalb der Nierenblase.

NOTIZEN ÜBER JAPANISCHE ASCIDIEN, II. 455

Fundnotiz: Kyushu, Misumi-Haven (Coll. T. Aida); 1 Exemplar.

Anmerkung. Obwohl diese Art keine besonderen anatomischen

Merkmale bietet, konnte ich sie doch nicht mit keiner der beschriebe-

nen Arten identifieren. In der Lage und Gestalt der Darmschlinge,

der Gonaden und der Nierenblase kommt diese Art der M. septemt-

rionalis Traustedt sehr nahe, unterscheidet sich aber von ihr durch

den abweichenden Bau des Kiemensackes.

7. Molgula hartmeyeri n. sp.

Fig. 18. Fig. 14.

Molgula hartmeyeri. Non links. x 2. Molgula hartmeyeri. Von rechts. x2.

Äussere Kennzeichen. Körper eiförmig, breiter als hoch,

seitlich etwas zusammengedrückt, frei; Höhe 19 mm, Breite 22 mm.

Siphonen sehr kurz, die Öffnungen äusserlich nicht sichtbar, etwa

4 des medianen Körperumfanges von einander entfernt, beide median an

der Vorderfläche ; Ingestionsöffnung 6-lappig, Egestionsöffnung 4-lappig.

Oberfläche vollständig mit einer dichten Lage von groben Sand-

körnern bedeckt, die an den Haftfaden der Testa anhaften. |

Testa: dünn aber ziemlich zäh, durchscheinend weiss, überall

mit feinen, ziemlich langen, verästelten Haftfaden ausgestattet.

Tunica: im allgemeinen nicht dick, die bindegewebige Grund-

substanz weich, durchscheinend ; Siphonenmuskeln wohlentwickelt; in

der vorderen Körperhälfte ein System von eigentümlichen kurzen

Muskelbündeln, die an der Aussenseite der von den Siphonen aus-

456 DR. ASAJIRO OKA:

strahlenden derben Längsmuskelbündeln liegen und diese senkrecht

schneiden.

Tentakel: zusammengesetzt, baumartig verästelt, ca. 12, von

zweierlei Gròssen, daneben noch einige ganz kleine, einfachere.

Kiemensack: jederseits mit 7 Falten; 10-12 innere Längsge-

fisse auf jeder Falte, o in den Faltenzwisehenraumen. Infundibula

in regelmässigen Langs- und Querreihen angeordnet, trichterförmig,

in den Falteninnenraum hineinragend. Kiemenspalten lang, schwach

gebogen ; in den Faltenzwischenräumen längsgestellt, meist an den

Enden hakenförmig gekrümmt.

Flimmerorgan: flach hufeisenförmig, mit einfach endigenden

Schenkeln ; Öffnung schräg nach vorn und rechts gewandt.

Dorsalfalte: niedrig, glattrandig, nicht gerippt.

Darm: linksseitig eine längliche Schlinge bildend; Magen glatt-

wandig, ohne Leberlappen, nicht scharf vom Mitteldarm abgesetzt ;

After glattrandig.

Exkretionsorgan: eine grosse dick-wurstförmige Nierenblase

an der rechten Seite in der hintern Körperhälfte.

Geschlechtsorgane: beiderseits eine diffuse zwitterige Gonade ;

die Hauptmasse der linken Gonade innerhalb und oberhalb der

Darmschlinge, die de: rechten Gonade oberhalb der Nierenblase;

periphere Partien der Gonaden strahlenartig in die Zwischenräume

zwischen den derberen Längsmuskelbündeln eindringend. Jede Gonade

aus unzähligen kleinen Hoden- und Ovarialfollikeln bestehend, die

durcheinander gemischt liegen.

Fundnotiz: Kyushu, bei Insel Goto; 3 Exemplare.

Anmerkung. Diese interessante Art zeichnet sich vor allem durch

die eigentümliche Gestaltung der Geschlechtsdrüsen aus, die sich diffus

über den grösseren Teil der Tunica ausbreiten und keine scharfe Ab-

grenzungslinie erkennen lassen. In der Anordnung der Muskelbündeln

im Weichkörper stimmt diese Art mit der M. japonica Hartmeyer ziem-

lich gut überein, der sie auch im äusseren Habitus sehr ähnlich sieht.

NOTIZEN UBER JAPANISCHE ASCIDIEN, II. 457

8. Molgula xenophora n. sp.

Fig. 15. Fig. 16.

Molgula xenophora. Von links. x 1.5. Molgula xenophora. Von rechts. x 1.5.

Aussere Kennzeichen. Körper rundlich oval, frei; Lange 26

mm, Breite 19 mm, Querschnitt fast kreisrund.

Siphonen sehr kurz, Offnungen äusserlich nicht erkennbar, unge-

fähr + des medianen Körperumfanges von einander entfernt, beide an

der Vorderfläche ; Ingestionsöffnung 6-lappig, Egestionsöffnung 4-lappig.

Oberfläche mit einer Anzahl verhältnismässig sehr grosser voll-

ständig erhaltener Muschelschalen bedeckt, daher wie ein Haufen

leerer Schalenstücke aussehend ; Körperhaut zwischen den Muschel-

schalen dunkelgrau wegen anhaftender Schlammpartikeln ; Haftfaden

der Testa sammetartig über die Schlammpartikelschicht hervortretend.

Testa: dünn, häutig, ziemlich zäh, weisslich ; überall mit feinen

langen Haftfaden besetzt.

Tunica: dünn durchsichtig; Muskulatur am Körper nicht beson-

ders kräftig, mit einem System eigentümlicher kurzer Muskeln, wie

bei der vorigen Art.

Tentakel: zusammengesetzt, Stamm vertikal verbreitert, Seiten-

zweige nicht dick, Fiederung bis 3. Ordnung; ca. 16, grössere und

kleinere regelmässig alternierend; daneben noch eine Anzahl ganz

kleiner.

Kiemensack: jederseits mit 7 breiten Falten; 13-14 innere

458 DR. ASAJIRO OKA:

Längsgefässe auf jeder Falte, 2-3 in jedem Faltenzwischenraum.

Quergefässe 1. bis 3. Ordnung, nach dem Schema 1 3 2 3 1; Quer-

gefässe 3. Ordnung sehr kurz, auf die Randpartien der Falten be-

schränkt. Infundibula sehr tief, trichterförmig in den Falteninnenraum

hineinragend und bis fast an den Faltenrand hin reichend. Kiemen-

spalten lang, schwach gebogen, in den Faltenzwischenräumen längs-

gestellt.

Flimmerorgan: breit hufeisenförmig, die Hörner nicht einge-

rollt; Öffnung nach rechts und ein wenig nach vorn gewandt.

Dorsalfalte: schmal, glatt, glattrandig.

Darm: linksseitig eine lange enge Schlinge bildend; Magen oval,

längsgefaltet ; After glattrandig.

Exkretionsorgan: eine ziemlich grosse, schwach gebogene,

wurstförmige Nierenblase an der rechten Seite in der hinteren Kör-

perhälfte.

Geschlechtsorgane: beiderseits eine langgestreckte, schwach

gebogene zwitterige Gonade, die aber deutlich in medianes Ovarium

und laterale Hoden gesondert ist; die linke Gonade oberhalb der

Darmschlinge, die rechte oberhalb der Nierenblase, parallel derselben.

Fundnotiz. Japanisches Meer, bei Idsumozaki, Prov. Echigo

(Coll, M. Nakamura); 3 Exemplare.

Anmerkung. Diese Art unterscheidet sich von allen andern

japanischen Molgwla-Arten hauptsächlich durch den eigentümlichen

äusseren Habitus, der unwillkürlich an die Schneckengattung Xenophora

erinnert, deren Schale ebenfalls mit leeren Molluskenschalen bedeckt

ist. Betreffend der inneren Anatomie weist sie keine auffälligen

Eigentümlichkeiten auf, liess sich dennoch mit keiner der bekannten

Arten identifizieren.

Uber eine neue Art von Trichostrongylus aus

dem Darme des Menschen in Japan,

(Trichostrongylus orientalis n. sp.).

Von

Dr. med. Kotaro Jimbo,

Assistent der medizinischen Klinik der Universitat in Tokyo,

(Direktor : Prof. Irisawa).

hierzu 107. %.

Im Darme der Japaner habe ich mehrfach eine der Nematodengat-

tung Zrichostrongylus Looss unverkennbar angehörige Art gefunden,

welche, nach einer genaueren Untersuchung, sich als eine mit keinen

der bisher bekannten Arten jener Gattung vereinbare Form heraus-

stellte.” Herr Professor Ijima, den ich in der Sache zu Rate zog, ist

auch der Ansicht, dass es nötig sei, den Parasiten mit einer besonderen

Bezeichnung zu belegen, und seinem Vorschlage nach gebe ich ihm

den Namen Trichostrongylus orientalis.

Schon 1889 hatte Ogata” über einen kleinen Fadenwurm berichtet,

den er zu Hunderten im Magen einer verstorbenen Japanerin entdeckte

und welche später von Ijima” unter dem Namen Strongylus subtilis

Looss 1895 (= Trichostrongylus instabilis Railliet 1893) näher beschrie-

ben wurde. Leider ist kein Exemplar des Ogata-Iima'ischen Zrzcho-

strongylus in Erhaltung geblieben, sodass ein direkter Vergleich des-

selben mit der von mir aufgefundenen Art nicht mehr unternommen

werden kann, Jedoch ist Herr Prof. Jima jetzt stark der Ansicht an-

geneigt, dass sein S/rongylus subtilis mit meinem 77. orientalis iden-

tisch ist; jedenfalls weiss er keinen Grund mehr die Richtigkeit seiner

damaligen Identifizierung auch heute zu behaupten. Auch das neulich

gewordene Vorkommen von

durch Kitamura und Oishi bekannt

Strongylus subtilis als menschliche Darmparasiten in Südjapan und

460 KOTARO JIMBO:

Korea scheint mir höchst wahrscheinlich sich nicht auf jene Art, son-

dern auf 77. orientalis zu bezichen,

Was nun das Material, welches der genannten neuen Art zugrunde

liegt, anbelangt, so habe ich es hauptsächlich aus 27 (unter 57 darauf

untersuchten) Leichen entnommen. Als der Sitz des Parasiten ist stets

das Duodenum, in einigen Fällen auch der Magen und der obere Teil

des Jejunums, anzuführen, Er wurde meistenfalls in sehr geringer

Individuenzahl, zwar unter 10 und nur ausnahmsweise 50 oder noch

darüber, angetroffen. Ausser den Leichen habe ich 5 Patienten unter

Behandlung gehabt, die mit demselben Parasiten behaftet und die mir

von Zeit zu Zeit frisches Material lieferten. Im Ganzen, die aus den

erwähnten Wirten erhaltenen Würmer betragen 219, wovon 56 Männ-

chen und 163 Weibchen sind.

Meines Wissens sind bis jetzt nur vier Arten von Trichostrongylus

bekannt gewesen, —also diejenigen vier Arten, welche Looss schon bei

der Aufstellung der genannten Gattung zusammengestellt und systema-

tisch auseinandergesetzt hat. Es sind nämlich 77. retortaeformis (Zeder

1800), 77. instabilis (Railliet 1893), 77. probolurus (Railliet 1896) und

Tr. vitrinus (Looss 1905). In allgemeinem Aussehen sowohl wie in

baulicher Hinsicht stimmt nun 77. orintalis mihi wesentlich überein mit

5 auch

Tr. instabilis (= Strongylus subtilis Looss), von welchem Looss

schon früher eingehende Beschreibung und Abbildungen gegeben hat.

Es handelt sich also um dünnen und zarten Fadenwürmern (Taf-

V, Fig. 1.) von grauweisslicher Farbe oder fast farblosem Aussehen ;

Körperlänge im geschlechtstreifen Zustande 4.8-3.8 mm bei Männchen,

und 6.7-4.9mm bei Weibchen; beide Geschlechter am dicksten in

der Gegend der Genitalöffnung, von welcher sich der Körper nach vorn

allmählich und gleichmässig verjüngt ; Körperbreite beim Männchen

direkt vor den Spicula 0,079-0,072 mm, am Kopfende ca. 0,00 7 mm;

dieselbe beim Weibchen auf der Höhe der Vulva 0,083-0,075 mm, am

Kopfende ca. 0,090 mm. Haut mit Querringelung, doch ohne Längs-

kanten, Mundöffnung mit drei knötchenförmigen Papillen versehen,

TRICHOSTRONGYLUS ORIENTALIS n. Sp. 461

sonst mit keinerlei charakteristischer Ausstattung. Oesophagus einfach,

etwa 0,8 mm lang, mit ebenso beträchtlicher Variation wie die Körper-

länge. Gehirn und Excretionsporus ca. 0,1 mm hinter dem Kopfende.

Beim Männchen beginnt der Hodenschlauch etwa 0,06 mm hinter dem

Oesophagealende ; Bursallappen in ausgebreitetem Zustande (Fig. 2) ca.

0,23 mm breit in transversaler Richtung, jede Lappen ca. 0,13 mm

breit an der Basis in dorsoventraler Richtung. Beim Weibchen Vulvar-

öffnung in der hinteren Körperhälfte, 1,47-0,84 mm vom Schwanzende

entfernt; Uterus enthält 10-20, meist!noch nicht in Furchung gelangte

Eier ; vorderes Eirohr erreicht vorn eine etwa 1,0 mm vom Kopfende

entfernte Stelle, biegt da zurück, und endet nach einer weiteren kurzen

Strecke; das hintere zieht nach hinten bis etwa 0,15 mm Entfernung

von der Schwanzspitze heran, kehrt dort um, dann kommt vorn an

die Höhe von etwa 1,4mm Entfernung vom vorderen Ende, sodann

kehrt wieder um, um schliesslich nach einem hinterwärts gerichteten

ca. 0,3 mm langen Verlaufe zu endigen.

Von besonderer taxonomischen Wichtigkeit, in Bezug auf die von

Looss niedergelegten Diagnosen anderer Mitglieder der Gattung, sind

aber die folgende Charaktere:

Männchen): Bursallappen jederseits mit zwei weit auseinander-

weichenden Ventralrippen ; von diesen die ventroventrale dünn, isoliert

ventralwärts gerichtet; die lateroventrale sehr dick, dicht an der Ex-

ternolateralrippe gelagert. Letztere fast gleich dick wie die latero-

ventrale, und wiederum in fast ganzer Länge direkt an der leicht

schlänkeren Mediolateralrippe gelagert. Posterolateralrippe noch etwas

dünner und merklich kürzer, fast gerade, jedenfalls gar nicht dorsal-

wärts gebogen, sich divergierend von der vorhergehenden Rippe nur

in dem distalen Drittel ihrer Länge, mit dem Ende bis kurz vor den

Bursalrand heranreichend. Externodorsalrippe kürzer als die letztere

Rippe, schwach s-förmig gebogen, die Endpapille etwa halbwegs zwi-

schen den Enden der beiden angrenzenden Rippen. Die eigentümliche

Biegung der in Rede stehenden Rippe bildet ein auffälliges Merkmal

462 KOTARO JIMBO:

der Art. Die unpaare Dorsalrippe am Ende gespaltet, die ganze

Länge etwa 0,032mm (einschliesslich 0,o11mm lange Gabeliste).—

Die beiden spicula 0,133-0,119 mm lang, nach hinten schlank aus-

gezogen, bräunlich gelb; Endhaken winzig, kurz vor der Spitze gelagert,

sodass der Endabschnitt des Spiculums von einem unbedeutenden Um-

fang ist oder vielmehr fast wie schläg abgeschnitten aussieht ; sonstige

Gestalt der Spicula aus Fig. 3 zu ersehen. —Gubernaculum 0,085-0,065

mm lang, grösste Breite etwa 0,018 mm, blassgelblich ; Gestalt in

frontaler Ansicht aus Fig. 3 zu ersehen, im Profile länglich spindel-

förmig, nur ganz schwach convex und nicht wellig gebogen an der

Dorsalseite.

Weibchen: Der langlich konische postanale Körperteil 0,086-0,065

mm lang, öfters etwas ventralwärts gebogen (Fig. 4).—Vulvaröffnung

stellt eine etwas unregelmässig gebogene Querspalte von ca. 0,022 mm

Länge dar. Vagina ca. 0,05mm lang, nach innen ein wenig schief

vorwärts gerichtet. Der gemeinsame Abschnitt der Ovejektoren zwi-

schen den beiden deutlich hervortretenden, ersten Einschnürungen

0,222-0,194 mm lang; ein kleines 0,036-0,029 mm langes Endstück des-

selben direkt vor der genannten Einschnürung bei jedem Ovejektore

ausgezeichnet durch dichtere und bulböse Ausbildung des Wandes ;

darauf folgt ein bauchiger, ca. 0,061-0,059 mm langer und ca. 0,038mm

dicker Abschnitt, welcher nach hinten resp. vorn durch eine zweite

augenfällige Einschnürung begrenzt ist und wahrscheinlich der Looss’-

schen Abteilung I. entspricht?; danach kommt noch der kleinere,

elliptische, ca. 0,04-0,32 mm lange und 0,047 mm dicke Abschnitt

(Looss’scher IL) mit ausgeprägt dichtmuskulöser Wandung, und

schliesslich der dem Uterus angrenzende, verlängerte und verhältnis-

mässig dünnwandige letzte Abschnitt (Looss’scher II.) von ca.

0,108-0,09mm Linge; Grösse der Eier im Uterus: 0,091-0,075 mm

lang und 0,047-0,039 breit.

Beim Vergleich. der Obenmitgeteilten mit den Angaben-Looss’s

über die bis jetzt bekannten Zrichostrongylus-Arten (1. c.), besonders

TRICHOSTRONGYLUS ORIENTALIS n. sp. 463

in Bezug auf die Charaktere der Spikulen, des Gubernaculums und

Bursalrippen beim Männchen, sowohl wie des postanalen Kôrperteils

und des Ovejektors beim Weibchen, wird man leicht zur Uberzeugung

kommen, dass der vorliegende 77ichostrongylus eine eigenartig charakte-

risierte und leicht unterscheidbare Art darstellt.

Es scheint nun, dass diese Art eine der in Japan sehr weit ver-

breiteten menschlichen Darmparasiten darstellt, und sie wäre in

ihrem Vorkommen gar nicht als eine seltene zu bezeichnen sein.

Offenbar war die Kleinheit des Körpers viel daran schuldig, dass

der Wurm nicht so häufig unter Beobachtung kam wie es sonst der

Fall gewesen wäre. Bei der Stuhluntersuchung der Patienten

müssten die Aertzte schon öfters die Eier des Wurmes vor sich

gehabt haben, aber es liegt hier die Gedanke nahe, dass sie ohne

weiters für die des Ankylostomum duodenale gehalten wurden. Den

Fehler dieser voreiligen Bestimmung hätte man vermeiden können,

würde man nur genauer die Grösse und Beschaffenheit der Eier

verglichen haben. Zur Veranschaulichung des Unterschieds beider

Ei-Arten diene Fig. 5, welche von einem die beiden enthaltenden

Stuhlpreparat entnommen ist.

Klinische Beobachtungen auf den mit dem oben beschriebenen

Parasiten behafteten Patienten werden am anderen Orte berichtet.

Nur sei hier erwähnt, dass der Parasit, so weit wie meine bisherige

Erfahrung reicht, keinen bedeutenden pathologischen Einfluss auf den

menschlichen Wirten auszuüben scheint.

Literatur.

1) Jimbo, Jji-shinbun, Tokyo, Nr. 886-888, 1913.

2) Ogata, Tokyo ]ji-shinshi, Nr. 578, 1880.

3) Jima, The zoological Magazine, Vol. VII, No. 86, 1895.

4) Kitamura u. Oishi, Tokyo Iji-shinshi, Nr. 1809, 1913.—Kita-

mura, ibidem, Nr. 1841 u. Urn. 1843-6, 1913.

464 KOTARO JIMBO:

5) A. Looss, Centralbi, f. Bakt. etc. I Abt. Bd. 39, p. 409, 1905.

6) A. Looss, Centralbl. f. Bakt. etc. Bd. 18, p. 161, Taf. I. 1895.

7) A. Looss, Centralbl. f. Bakt. etc. Bd. 39, p. 417, 1905.

465

Erklarung des Tafel V.

Trichostrongylus ortentalis n. sp. Oben, das Weibchen ; unten,

das Mannchen; beide in 15-facher Vergrösserung.

Hinteres Körperende des Männchen mit ausgebreiteten Burs-

allappen. In 246-facher Vergrösserung,

Spicula und Gubernaculum des Männchen in 480-facher Ver-

grösserung.

Hinteres Körperende des Weibchen in 500-facher Vergrösser-

ung. an, Anus.

Bild des Stuhlpreparates von einem mit 77. orientalis und

Ankylostomum duodenale behafteten Patienten, 140-fach ver-

grössert. Die zwei grösseren Eier in der Mitte der Figur

sind die des 77. orzentalis, die vier anderen sind die des

Ankylostomum.

POR)

mem: it eee

ne VET Foe

Po ri Pai leto È

er Li ali NOVE 7

The Synaptide of Japan.

Hiroshi Ohshima, Rigakushi.

In his “List of Holothurians known to occur in Japan”? the

late Prof. K. Mitsukuri gave seven species of Synaptids, founded on

the reports of v. Marenzeller and Théel. They are: 1) Synapta in-

certa, var. variabilis Théel [=Zabidoplax dubia (Semper)]; 2) S.

ooplax v. Marenzeller [=Leptosynapta ooplax]; 3) S. distincta v.

Marenzeller [=Protankyra bidentata (Woodward et Barrett)]; 4) S.

autopista v. Marenzeller [=Protankyra autopista]; 5) S. aculeata

Théel [=Protankyra aculeata|; 6) Chiridota japonica v. Marenzeller

[= Scoliodota japonica]; and 7) Ch. rufescens Brandt [= Polycheira

rufescens |.

Since that time four more species have been reported from Japan

and adjacent localities, viz., 1) Myriotrochus minutus Ostergren; 2)

Anapta ludwigi Britten; 3) A. amurensis Britten; and 4) Chiridota

regalis Clark.

To the above list of eleven Synaptid species, I have added seven

more, besides an indeterminable form, in my report on the Holothurians

collected by the “ Albatross” off the coasts of Japan, which report

will shortly be published in another place. Further, from examination

of the Synaptide in the Science College Museum, I have come to

know that there still existed five more species, including one new

species, to be added to the list, thus bringing the number of Synaptid

species occurring in the waters around Japan, up to twenty-three

altogether.

I here propose to present brief notes on all these Synaptids, to

supplement in a way the late Professor Mitsukuri’s excellent mono-

1) Zoological Magazine, vol. VIII, no. 97, 1896.

468 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

graph on pedate Holothurians.” In the matter of classification I fol-

low Dr. H. L. Clark»

Family SYNAPTIDA.

Subfamily I. SYNAPTINZ.

1. Synapta maculata (Chamisso et Eysenhardt),

Holothuria maculata Chamisso et Eysenhardt, Nov. Act. Acad.

Beop.-Carol., Pasc. II, vol. X) 1821, p. 3523 ply XV.

Synapta maculata Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp. 23,

78-79; pls. I; IV, figs. 17-19, 26.

Two specimens. Under Nami-no-Uyé Temple (tide pool), Napha,

Okinawa, Liu-Kiu Islands, Mitsukuri, Ikeda, etc. coll. Apr., 1901.

(Cat. no. 1184).

This species, hitherto known from numerous localities throughout

the Indo-Pacific region, is now found to extend north to the Liu-Kiu

Islands. Mr. S. Hozawa tells me that he and his party observed

gigantic Synaptids at Köshun, near the south end of Formosa. It is

exceedingly probable that they had this remarkable species before

them.

2. Leptosynapta inhærens (0. F. Müller).

Holothuria inherens O. F. Müller, Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1776, p.

2321

Leptosynapta inherens Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., 1867, vol. I,

p. 325.—Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp. 23-24, 88-89;

pl. V, figs. 14, 18-20. — Becher, Beitr. z. Morphol. u. Systemat. d.

Paractinopod., 1910, pp. 316-348; pl. XX, figs. 2, 3; pl. XXII, figs.

1) Studies on Actinopodous Holothurioidea. Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ., Tokyo. Vol.

XXIX, Art. 2, 1912.

2) The Apodous Holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. XXXV,

1907.

THE SYNAPTID OF JAPAN. 469

9-12; pl. XXIII, figs. 1-13; pl. XXIV, figs. 14-17.—Ohshima, Synap-

tiden von Misaki,” 1913, pp. 253-254; pl. VI, fig. 4.

Many specimens. Kurokami-Mura, Sakura Jima, Kagoshima Bay,

Kyüshü. Azuma coll. (Cat. no. 1122).

Many specimens. Enoura, Suruga Bay, Honshü. Apr, 1884.

(Cat. no. 1823).

One specimen. Joga Shima, Misaki. (Cat. no. 1826).

Several specimens, reared in aquarium at Misaki. Ohshima, Jan.,

IQII. (Cat. no. 1804).

Several specimens. Katsuura, Chiba Prefecture. Ohshima coll.

Aug. 15-16, 1913. (Cat. no. 1838).

Color either pure white or light brown with fine pigments scattered

over body. Largest specimens do not exceed 50mm. in length. Each

tentacle beset with 9 or 11 digits. Anchors 65-195 4 long, anchor

plates 70-150 long. The terminal hole of anchor-plate usually

markedly larger than any of the others as was noticed by Becher,

and often divided into two or three small holes. In these and all

other characters the specimens answer well to descriptions of the

Atlantic form.

3. Leptosynapta ooplax (v. Marenzeller).

Synapta ooplax v. Marenzeller, Neue Holothurien von Japan und

China, 1881, pp. 122-123; pl. IV, figs. 1, 1 A-D.—Britten, Holothurien

a. d. japan. u. ochotsk. Meere, 1907, pp. 150-152.

Leptosynapta ooplax Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp.

24, 90-91.—Ohshima, Synaptiden von Misaki, 1913, pp. 254-255; pl.

Wily se,

One specimen, Sakibaru, Napha (coral reef), Okinawa, Liu-Kiu

Islands. Mitsukuri coll. Apr. 7, 1901. (Cat. no. 1769).

1) Zoological Magazine, vol. XXV, no. 295, 1913, pp. 253-262; pl. VI. (Japanese,

with an abstract in German).

470 HIROSHI OHSHIMA:

One specimen. Makurazaki, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushù. Mi-

yajima coll. Aug. 5, 1900. (Cat. no. 1121).

One specimen, Kashiwajima, west of Shikoku. Tago coll. Mar.

22, 1905. (Cat. no. 1783).

Many specimens, Tsuro-Mura, Province Tosa, Shikoku. Tago

coll. Feb. 18, 1905. (Cat. no. 1781).

Two specimens. West coast of Tsuro-Mura, Province Tosa, Shi-

koku. Tago coll. Feb. 16, 1605. (Cat. no. 1780).

Several specimens. Gogo Shima, Province Iyo, Shikoku. Ikeda

and Takeshita coll. July, 1903. (Cat. no. 1785).

Many specimens. Agu Bay, Province Shima, Honshu. Nishikawa

coll (Oct? 20,1905.0 (Cat? 1041788).

Many specimens. Koajiro, Misaki. July 17, 1890. (Cat. no. 1814).

Several specimens. Koajiro, Misaki. Mitsukuri coll. Aug. 12,

1897. (Cat. no. 1120).

Eight specimens, Aburatsubo Bay, Misaki. (Cat. no. 1856).

Several specimens, Aburatsubo Bay, Misaki. Ohshima coll. Jan.

7, 1971. (Cat. nes 1800):

Several specimens. Aburatsubo Bay, Misaki. Ohshima coll.

Aug. 11, 1910. (Cat. no. 1803).

In all the specimens before me, the anchors measure 115-195 y

and the anchor-plates 57-135 in length. For precise discription of

the species I refer to Britten and Clark,

4. Labidoplax dubia (Semper).

Synapta dubia Semper, Holothurien, 1867-68, p. 10; pl. IV, fig.

11; pl. V, fig. 145 pl VII Mes 4 10:

Labidoplax dubia Ostergren, Das System der Synaptiden, 1898, p.

116.—Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp. 24, 96-97; pl. V,

figs. 25, 28.

Four fragments, Izugahara Bay, Tsushima Islands, northwest of

Kyüshü. Namiyé and Tsuchida coll. Feb., 1891. (Cat. no. 1789).

THE SYNAPTIDÆ OF JAPAN. 471

Anchors 110-155 #, and anchor-plates 90-140 x long. Thus, the

specimens now before me agree better with the “ Challenger ” speci-

mens described by Théel than with those of the “Albatross” described

by Clark.

5. Protankyra bidentata (Woodward et Barrett).

Synapta bidentata Woodward et Barrett, Proc. Zool. Soc., London,

vol. XXVI, 1858, p. 365; pl. XIV, figs. 23-25.

Synapta distincta v. Marenzeller, Neue Holothurien von Japan und

China, 1881, p. 123; pl. IV, fig. 2.—Theel, Challenger Holothurioidea,

part 2, 1886, p., in; pl. I; fig. 8.

Protankyra bidentata Ostergren, Das System der Synaptiden, 1808,

p. 117.—Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp. 102-103; pl. V,

fig. 30.—Ohshima, Synaptiden von Misaki, 1913, pp. 256-258, 261;

pl-fV iosa 7318:

Six specimens. Kagoshima (?). Nakagawa coll. (Cat. no. 1117).

One specimen. Shimabara, Province Hizen, Kyushu. Kaneko

coll (Cat? no. 1763).

Many specimens. 2.5 miles off Tekama-Mura, Miike, Fukuoka

Prefecture, Kyushù. Azuma coll. Mar. 31, 1904. (Cat. no. 1779).

One specimen. Gogo Shima, Province Iyo, Shikoku. Ikeda and

Takeshita coll. July, 1903. (Cat. no. 1827).

Several specimens. Hachihama, Kojima Bay, Inland Sea, Izuka

coll. (?) Oct., 1899. (Cat. no. 1670).

Six specimens. Kojima Bay, Inland Sea. Izuka coll. Dec. 21,

1906. (Cat. no. 1761).

Two specimens. Kojima Bay (Shore), Inland Sea, Izuka coll.

Dec. 21, 1906. (Catalog. no. 1667).

Many specimens. Hachihama, Kojima Bay, Inland Sea, Nishi-

kawa don. (Cat. no, 1118).

Two specimens. Nanao Bay, Province Noto, Honshù. Yama-

shina coll., Ichimura don, Nov. 4, 1902. (Cat. no. 1791).

472 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

Three fragments. Nanao, Province Noto, Honshü. (Cat. no. 1119).

One specimen. Okinosé, inside, Sagami Sea, 300-400 #iro (=ca.

240-310 fathoms). Aoki coll. March 7, 1895. (Cat. no. 1660).

Three specimens. Koajiro, Misaki. (Cat. no. 1815).

Several specimens. Koajiro, Misaki. Aug., 1887. (Cat. no. 1668).

Two specimens. Koajiro (Shore), Misaki. July 17, 1890. (Cat.

no. 1116),

It may be worthy of note that this littoral species may occur at

a depth of 240-310 fathoms (no. 1669). This species has been reported

before from Miya Bay (v. Marenzeller) and from the “ Challenger ”

Station 233 B, off Sanuki, Inland Sea, 8-50 fathoms (Théel).

In a former paper I made notice of spicules being of very differ-

ent sizes in radii and interadii. I now find in some specimens that

that arrangement is not quite distinctly carried out; nevertheless the

anchors and anchor-plates are largest in the middle part of interradii

and decrease in size towards radii, Anchors range 170-545 u and

anchor-plates 140-430 y in length. Large anchors in interradii show

on each arm ten or more minute teeth.

6. Protankyra autopista (v. Marenzeller).

Synapta autopista v. Marenzeller, Neue Holothurien von Japan

und China, 1881, p. 123; pl. IV, fig. 3.—Britten, Holothurien a. d.

japan. u. ochotsk. Meere, 1907, pp. 147-150.

Protankyra autopista Ostergren, Das System der Synaptiden, 1898,

p. 117.— Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, p. 103; pl. V, fig.

31.—Ohshima, Synaptiden von Misaki, 1913, pp. 255-256; pl. VI, fig. 6.

Two specimens. Balanoglossus-beach, Misaki, Izuka coll. Apr.

2, 1904. (Cat. no. 1801).

Several specimens. Balanoglossus-beach, Misaki. Aug. 23, 1899.

(Cat. no. 1802). |

One specimen. Veretillum-beach, Moroiso, Misaki. Mitsukuri coll.

Aug. 12, 1897. (Cat. no. 1825).

THE SYNAPTID OF JAPAN. 473

This species is fairly well distinguishable from the preceding by

the following characteristics. Length of anchors 86-1404 nearly

always shorter than wide; each arm of anchor with one or two

large teeth near end, which very offen assumes bifurcate appearance

on their account; handle of anchor fan-shaped, instead of T-shaped ;

anchor-plates irregularly quadrangular, 86-125 » long, commonly with

a pair of large holes near centre; miliary granules not X-shaped, but

are cup-shaped buttons, 30-50 4 in diameter, each perforated by 3-10

holes; in the radii there are found deeply imbedded smooth, oval

granules, 20 4 in diameter.

The species has before been reported from Miya Bay (v. Maren-

zeller) and from Misaki (Britten). Britten’s statement that it is known

from Amoy through Ludwig is a mistake, probably based on confound-

ing the species with the preceding.

7. Protankyra aculeata (Théel).

Synapta aculeata Théel, Challenger Holothurioidea, part 2, 1886,

pp. 13-14; pl. I, figs. 2 a-f.

Protankyra aculeata Ostergren, Das System der Synaptiden, 1898,

p. 117.—Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, p. 104.

Since a fragment was obtained by the “Challenger” at her

Station 232, Sagami Bay, no other occurrence has been recorded,

8. Protankyra kagoshimensis Ohshima.

Protankyra kagoshimensis Ohshima, Albatross Holothurians (m.s.).

This species is known only from the ‘“ Albatross” Station 4945,

Kagoshima Bay, Kyishi.

9, Anapta ludwigi Britten.

Anapta ludwigi Britten, Holothurien a. d. japan. u. ochotsk.

Meere, 1907, pp. 152-153.

This form known from Southern Saghalien is represented in the

474 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

Sci. Coll. collection by twelve specimens from Chibisani, Saghalien, 18

hiro (=ca. 14 fathoms), collected by Prof. Ijima on Aug. 22, 1906

(Cat. no. 1795).

The largest specimen measures 80mm. longi and 6mm. across.

Pigment spots present in skin, but discernible only under the micro-

scope. In two specimens opened, Polian vesicles were found number-

ing 14 and 17 respectively.

10. Anapta amurensis Britten.

Anapta amurensis Britten, Holothurien a. d. japan. u. ochotsk.

Meere, 1907, pp. 153-154.

Britten based the species on specimens from the mouth of the

Amur and from an unknown locality. No second record of its occur-

rence has since been given.

Subfamily II. CHIRIDOTINÆ.

11. Chiridota regalis Clark.

Chiridota regalis Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp. 28,

DL7:

The species was obtained by the “Albatross” from off the south

coast of Honshù (Station 3695) and from Suruga Bay (Station 3737).

I have no specimens of it at my disposal.

12. Chiridota uniserialis Fisher.

Chiridota uniserialis Fisher, Hawaiian Holothurians, 1907, pp.

733-735; pl. LXXXI, fig. 4; pl. LXXXII, figs. 5, 5 a-c.

Two fragments probably belonging to one individual. South of

Joga Shima, Sagami Sea (Sengenzuka-line, inside). 400 hiro (=ca.

310 fathoms). Aoki coll. Feb. 26, 1897. (Cat. no. 1115).

When fresh the specimen is said to have been “ pink on the five

muscle bands, transparent in other parts” and wheel-papillæ to have

THE SYNAPTID OF JAPAN. 475

been flat. Length, as measured on the two fragments put together,

120mm.; diameter gmm. Each of the twelve tentacles bears five

pairs of digits. Polian vesicles five.

The specimen agrees very well in characters with those from

Hawaii as described by Fisher.

13. Chiridota discolor Eschscholtz.

Chiridota discolor Eschscholtz, Zoologischer Atlas, 1829, pp. 12-

13; pl. X, fig. 2.—Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp. 26-28,

120.—Ohshima, Albatross Holothurians (m.s.).

Besides several stations in Alaska, Aleutian Islands and Bering

Islands, the present species has also been reported from Okhotsk Sea

(Grube) and from Robben Island (Clark).

14. Chiridota albatrossii Edwards.

Chiridota albatrossit Edwards, Albatross Holothurians, 1907, pp.

50-52; textfigs. 1 a-c, 2 d-f, 3.—Ohshima, Albatross Holothurians

(m.s.).

Within the limits of the Japanese Empire, the species was ob-

tained from the “ Albatross” stations off the coasts of Southern

Saghalien and of Hokkaido.

15. Polycheira rufescens (Brandt).

Chirodota rufescens Brandt, Prodr. descr. anim. ab H. Mertensis

obs:, 1835, pe 50.

Chiridota variabilis Semper, Holothurien, 1867-68, p. 20; pl. V,

figs. 6, 7, 9, II, 19; pl. VI, fig. H.— Augustin, Japanische Seewalzen,

1908, p. 39.

Polycheira rufescens Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp.

120-121; pl. VII, figs. 14-18.—Ohshima, Synaptiden von Misaki, 1913,

pp. 258-259; pl. VI, fig. 9.

The species has been known from Bonin Islands (Brandt) and

476 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

from Nagasaki (Augustin). I have examined numerous specimens

obtained at the following localities :

Two specimens. Köshun, Akö-Chö, near the south end of For-

mosa. Watasé, Hozawa, etc. coll. June 9, 1911. (Cat. no. 1864).

Two specimens. Sakibaru, Napha (dead coral reef), Okinawa,

Liu-Kiu Islands. Mitsukuri coll. Apr. 7, 1901. (Cat. no. 1767).

One specimen. Tomari-Mura, Napha, Okinawa, Liu-Kiu Islands.

Miyajima' coll. May 23, 1900. (Cat. no. 1768).

One specimen. Off Itoman (Okaha reef, dead coral reef), Oki-

nawa, Liu-Kiu Islands. Mitsukuri, (Ikeda, etc. coll. Apr. 11, 1901.

(Gat rio; 1771):

One specimen. ? Koniya-Mura (shore), Amami Oshima, south of

Kyüshü. Tamura coll. Mar. 28, 1900. (Cat. no. 1857 a).

One specimen. Katsuyoshi-Mura, Kageroma Island, Amami Oshi-

ma, south of Kyüshü. Mitsukuri, Ikeda, etc. coll. Apr. 1, 1901.

(Cat.ano: 1773):

One specimen. Kurokami-Mura, Sakura Jima, Kagoshima Bay,

Kyushu. Azuma coll. (Cat. no. 1123).

Many specimens. Teuchi-Mura, Shimo-Koshiki Island, Kagoshima

Prefecture, Kyushü. Miyajima coll. Jul. 11, 1900. (Cat. no. 1778).

Several specimens. Shimo-Kataura, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyü-

shi. Miyajima coll. Jul. 27, 1900. (Cat. no. 1776).

Three specimens. Akuné, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyüshü. Mitsu-

kuri and Hara coll. Apr. 19, 1896. (Cat. no. 1108).

One specimen. Shimabira (shore), Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyüshü.

Mitsukuri and Hara coll. Apr. 18, 1896. (Cat. no. 1107).

One specimen. Otomari, Shimo-Sata-Mura, Kagoshima Prefecture,

Kyüshü. Azuma coll. (Cat. no. 1777).

Many specimens. Hosojima Bay (under stones), Miyazaki Prefect-

ure, Kyüshü. Terasaki coll. Mar. 15, 1899. (Cat. no. 1112).

Many specimens. Natsui (shore), Ariaké Bay, Miyazaki Prefecture,

Kyüshü. Mitsukuri and Hara coll. Apr. 13, 1896. (Cat. no. 1106).

THE SYNAPTID OF JAPAN. 477

Several specimens. Kashiwa Jima, west of Shikoku. Tago coll.

Mar. 22, 1905. (Cat. no. 1784).

Many specimens. Province Tosa, Shikoku. Tago coll. 1905.

(Cat. no. 1782).

Many specimens. Tsuro-Mura, Province Tosa, Shikoku. Tago

coll Feb: 18, 1905. (Cats no. 167m).

Several specimens. Futami Harbor, Chichi Jima, Bonin Islands.

Hirota and Sekiguchi coll. Feb.-Mar., 1894. (Cat. no. 1109).

Many specimens. Hachijö Island. (Cat. no. 1110).

Many specimens, South coast of Kozu Island. Aoki coll. May

9, 1901. (Cat no 1797).

Several specimens. Közu Island. Aoki coll. May g, 1901.

(Cat. no. 1798).

Many specimens. Mito and Awa Shima, off Enoura, Suruga Bay.

Matsumoto coll. Feb. 12, 1911. (Cat. no. 1760).

Many specimens. Enoura, Suruga Bay. Apr., 1884. (Cat. no.

1105).

One specimen. Moroiso, Misaki. Izuka coll., Aug. 15, 1806.

(Cat. no. 1807).

One specimen. Koajiro, Misaki. Aoki coll. Dec. 31, 1900.

(Gate no. 113)

The largest specimen measures 150mm. in length.

16. Taniogyrus cidaridis Ohshima.

Teniogyrus cidaridis Ohshima, Albatross Holothurians (m.s.).

Besides the specimens collected by the “Albatross” off the Gotö

Islands, I have examined several others from the following localities :

One specimen. South-west of Joga Shima, Sagami Sea. 70 hiro

(=ca. 55 fathoms). Ikeda coll. (Cat. no. 1800).

Seventeen specimens. North side Uraga Channel, Mouth of Tokyo

Bay (Amezaki in line with Takeyama). 150 #iro (=ca. 120 fathoms).

Mitsukuri and Aoki coll. Aug. 27, 1903. (Cat. no. 1811).

478 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

Fight specimens. Off Misaki, Sagami Sea (Bishamon-gaké-Kimura

ippai). 80 Ziro (=ca. 60 fathoms). Matsumoto and Chiba coll. Jul.

21, 1913. (Cat. no. 1844).

The largest specimen measures 36mm. by 3.5 mm. |

Dendy and Hindle’s statement” that the sigmoid hooks in Chiro-

dota geminifera are present constantly in pairs, was probably founded

on observations on specimens with half-dissolved deposits. In a speci-

men of the present species (no. 1800), I have observed a similar

phenomenon in that every hook was longitudinally split by the action

of acidiferous alcohol.

17. Trochodota dunedinensis (Parker).

Chirodota dunedinensis Parker, On a New Holothurian, 1881, p.

418.—Dendy, The Holothurians of New Zealand, 1897, pp. 26-28;

pl. II, figs. 1-8.

Trochodota dunedinensis Ludwig, Holothurien d. Hamburg. Ma-

galh. Sammelr., 1898, pp. 87-88.—Clark, The Apodous Holothurians,

1907, p. 124.

One specimen. Off Misaki, Sagami Sea (Bishamon-gaké-Kimura

ippai). 80 Æiro (=ca. 60 fathoms). Matsumoto and Chiba coll. Jul.

21, 1913. (Cat no 1840);

Length 30mm., diameter 3mm. Color white. Tentacles ten,

each with four pairs of digits. Wheels confinel to the three dorsal

interradii and thinly scattered; diameter 75-130. Sigmoid hooks

95-1304 long. In tentacles delicate rods are profusely found; they

are 45-70 2 long, shaped like an elongated C, and are provided with

6-10 short processes along the convex side. Ciliated funnels not

found. Genital tube undivided, one on each side.

The specimen differs from the New Zealand form in that the

wheels are much smaller and the genital tube is not divided. The

1) Jour. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.), vol. XXX, no. 196, 1907, p. 113; pl. XIV, figs.

BOND:

THE SYNAPTID OF JAPAN. 479

dark spots observed by Parker inside the base of tentacles could not

be made out. None of the previous writers on New Zealand speci-

mens seem to have observed the deposits in tentacles. It may be

that the Japanese specimens represent a distinct species.

18. Trochodota rosea, sp. nov.

Two specimens. Down off Nami-no-Uyé Temple (dead coral

reef), Napha, Okinawa, Liu-Kiu Islands. Mitsukuri coll. Apr. 8,

190I. (Cat. no. 1770).

Length 30mm., diameter 4mm. Color in life pink. Tentacles

ten, each with three pairs of digits, which increase in length towards

the distal end. Wheels numerous, distributed all over the body, in

some parts so clustered as to overlap one another, but nowhere form-

ing wheel-papille. They vary 37-105 in diameter. Sigmoid hooks

of the ordinary shape, generally go 4 long though in some few individ-

uals the length ranged 80-95 4. In the tentacles are found bent rods

of a shape exactly the same as in those of 7? purpurea (Lesson)”,

measuring 50-100 # in length. Segment of calcareous ring 1 mm. by

0.4mm., narrowed in the middle. Polian vesicle one, stone-canal not

made out. Ciliated funnels in a thick zone along middorsal and the

left dorsal interradii. Genital tubes not divided.

The present species is very close to 7. purpurea, the only im-

portant difference from that species consisting in the much smaller size

of sigmoid hooks.

19. Scoliodota japonica (v. Marenzeller).

Chirodota japonica v. Marenzeller, Neue Holothurien von Japan

und China, 1881. pp. 123-124.

Scoliodota japonica Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907, pp.

30, 125; pl. VII, fig. 5—Ohshima, Synaptiden von Misaki, 1913, pp.

259-262, textfigs. A-D; pl. VI, figs. 1-3.

1) Ludwig, 1898, pl. III, fig. 43; or Clark, 1907, pl. VII, fig. 7.

480 HIROSHI OHSHIMA :

To the locality reported by v. Marenzeller, i.e., east side of Eno

Shima, Sagami Bay, I may add the following :

Joga Shima, Misaki. Three specimens. (Cat. no. 1114).

Bishamon (a few fathoms), near Misaki. One specimen. (Cat.

no. 1127).

Moroiso, Misaki (Veretillum beach). Several specimens. Mitsu-

kuri coll. Aug. 12, 1897. (Cat. no. 1128).

The largest specimen is 55 mm. long and 8mm. broaa. Sigmoid

hooks measure 63-1204 in length, exceptionally only 47 yu in the

anterior region of body. The hooks gather together into the charac-

teristic conical “hook-papille,” each of which may contain them

numbering up to sixteen. In the anterior region of body a papilla

contains only two hooks, or even one only. The wheels are extreme-

ly infrequent, though near the base of tentacles they can be found

without much difficulty.

Clark presented his Scoliodota as being characterized by the pres-

ence of ten tentacles and of hook-papillæ, and by the absence of

wheels. The discovery of wheels, extremely rare though these be, and

the presence of tentacles in the same number have reduced the differ-

ences of the present species from Zrochodota to the one point that the

former is in possession of hook-papillæ, which are wanting in the latter.

Now, in view of the fact that in Zemiogyrus australianus the presence

of hook-papille is not regarded as giving to that species a distinct

generic status, the tenability of Clark’s genus Scoliodota becomes

doubtful. I should not wonder if it would turn out to be inseparable

from Zrochodota.

20. Toxodora pacifica Ohshima.

Toxodora pacifica Ohshima, Albatross Holothurians (m.s.).

The species is based on a series of specimens secured by the

“Albatross”? in Suruga Bay (Station 5073).

The character of the genus, very meagrely described by the

THE SYNAPTIDÆ OF JAPAN. 481

founder, has been obscure untill Clark placed it on a firm basis by

revision of the original specimens. The discovery of the present species

should serve as a further support for the validity of this singular

genus,

Subfamily III. MYRIOTROCHINZ.

21. Myriotrochus ."nleii Steenst ap.

Myriotrochus rinkit Steenstiap, Videnskab. Mc! fr. d. naturh.

For, 1851, pp. 55-60; pl. III, figs. 7-10.—Östergren, The Holothuri-

oidea of Northern Norway, 1902, pp. 14-18.—Clark, The Apodous

Holothurians, 1907, pp. 30-31, 128; pl. VIII, figs. 21-22.—Ohshima,

Albatross Holothurians (m.s.).

In the North Pacific this species has been reported from the

Bering Strait region, Pribilof Islands and Kamchatka.

In the Science College Museum there is a specimen of Myriotro-

chus, which I may refer to the present species though with much

hesitation. It hails from 170 Zéro (=ca. 130 fathoms) in Naka-no-

Yodomi, Sagami Sea, having been captured by the late Prof. Mitsu-

kuri and Aoki (Cat. no. 1855). The specimen lacks the anterior part

and measures only 12mm. by 3mm. The wheels are absent on

ventrum ; they measure 175-240 4, on an average 214 y, in diameter ;

number of spokes 14-19, on an average 14.5; peripheral teeth

number 23-30, on an average 25.6. I have come across only

two cases of exceptionally small wheels, measuring So a and I50 4

respectively, but such small wheels do not seem to constitute a dis-

tinct class by themselves, as they do in M. minutus Ostergren. Ratio

of the number of spokes to that of peripheral teeth ranges from 56.7

to 74%: with a mean of 65%. In Kamchatka specimens I have found

the ratio to vary from 60 to 100%, with a mean of 79 %. This

seems to stand in accord with the result arrived at by Ostergren and

Clark, that the number of spokes tends to decrease in specimens from

482 HIROSHI OHSHIMA: THE SYNAPTIDA OF JAPAN.

more southern regions. Noteworthy is the fact that such an arctic

form occurs in Sagami Sea (lat. 35° N.).

22. Myriotrochus minutus Ostergren.

Myriotrochus minutus Ostergren, Zwei koreanische Holothurien,

1905, pp. 194-196, fig. 1A.—Clark, The Apodous Holothurians, 1907,

pP. 120;

Since the original specimen of this species was obtained off the

coast of Korea, no second specimen seems to have been captured.

23. Myriotrochus mitsukurii Ohshima.

Myriotrochus mitsukurii Ohshima, Albatross Holothurians (m.s.).

This interesting species, bearing some relationship to Acanthotro-

chus, is known only from off the west coast of Hokkaido.

Zoological Institute, Science College.

March Ist, 1914.

Note on a New Termitophilous Coleoptera

found in Formosa (Ziaelas formosanus).

Sanji Hozawa, Rigakushi.

Zoological Institute, Science College, Imperial University of Tokyo.

With Plate VI.

Among the specimens of termitophilous insects collected by me

during my studies on the Termites of Japan and Formosa, I have

found a curious beetle which is apparently a very close ally of Ziaelas

insolitus Fairmaire, but seems to be distinguishable from this species

in some respects, I propose to call it Zzaelas formosanus.

The genus Ziaelas was established by Fairmaire” in 1892 as a

new Tenebrionid genus, with the single species Z. insolitus. The

genus and species were based on specimens obtained by M. A. Sallé

at Hué, Annam. Subsequently the species was placed by Wasmann”

under his new family, the Rhysopaussidae,” which constitutes a re-

markable group of termitophilous Coleoptera. The species is also found

included in the lists of the Rhysopaussidae, in the papers of Gestro,®

1) Fairmaire, L.; Ziaelas n. g. insolitusn. sp. Ann. Soc. Entom. France,- LXI, 1892.

Bull., pp. CX-CXI.

2) Wasmann, E.; Neue Termitophilen und Termiten aus Indien. IV (Nachtrag).

Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2) XVII (XXXVII), 1896-97, pp. 149-152, fig. 1, a, b.

3) The family Rhysopaussidae Wasmann [Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2) XVI (XXXVI),

1896, p. 613) has been adopted by Fea [Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2) XVII (XXXVII),

1896-97, p. 585], Gestro [Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2) XX (XL), 1899, p. 743], [Ann. Mus.

Civ. Genova, (3) V (XLV), 1911, p. 5], Fairmaire [Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1900, No. 3,

p. 45], Escherich [Die Termiten. Leipzig, 1909, p. 137], etc. Recently the group was

treated of as a subfamily of the Tenebrionidae by Wasmann [Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., Bd.

101, 1912, pp. 70, 82-84.]

4) Gestro, R.; Un nuovo genere di Rhysopaussidae. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, (2) XX

(XL), 1899, p. 748.

484 SANJI HOZAWA:

Wasmann,” etc. However, since it was first described by Fairmaire,

no second record of its occurrence, nor the discovery of a form

allied to it, seems to have been made in any part of the world.

Unfortunately Fairmaire’s description of the beetle is very brief and

unsatisfactory. Nothing whatever about its ethology is mentioned.

On the ground of Wasmann’s studies, it is to be assumed that the

species is probably a termitophilous insect.

As to the present species, Z. formosanus, three specimens were

collected in 1911 by Prof. Watasé and myself at Kuraru, Ako District,

Formosa, They were taken from the nest of Odontotermes (Cycloter-

mes) formosanus. The nest of this termite is situated about four feet

below the surface of the ground and consists of a royal cell and many

other cells containing. each a round spongy fungus-bed.

From some cells of the latter kind, I have obtained three speci-

mens of the beetle in question, together with numerous larvae of the

termite. In organization the beetle shows several peculiar points which

seemed to be the result of its life in the nest of the termite, as for

instance the elongated eyes and degenerated hindwings. The insect

was capable of but very sluggish movements.

Here I let follow a description of the species.

Ziaelas formosanus, n. sp.

Colour.—Dorsal surface dark reddish-brown and ventral surface

somewhat lighter, as observed on specimens preserved in alcohol.

Head.—More or less longer than broad, divided by a constriction

before the eyes into an anterior and a posterior part. Anterior part

narrower than the posterior, subquadrate, with a short projection in

front, the antero-lateral corner forming a large conspicuous tubercle,

underneath which the antenna arises. On the forehead between the

1) Wasmann, E.; Termitophilen aus dem Sudan. Results of the swedish Zoological

Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901 under the Direction of L.A, Jägerskiöld. No.

13, 1903, p. 6.

A NEW TERMITOPHILOUS COLEOPTERA. 485

tubercles there runs a narrow longitudinal groove downwards. Post-

erior part of head also subquadrate, with slightly rounded lateral edges

and slightly concave posterior margin (figs. 2, 3).

Antenna.—Rather long, longer than head and pronotum combined,

submoniliform, 11-jointed ; Ist joint very large, subcylindrical, nearly

1} times as long as broad, narrow at base and broadening distally ;

2nd joint the smallest of all, orbiculate; 3rd and 4th joints similar,

about as long as broad; 5th-gth joints increasing slightly and gradually

in breadth and assuming a more and more turbinate form in the

more distally situated ones; roth joint somewhat narrower than the

preceding one; 11th joint equal to the last in breadth, with slightly

obliquely truncated tip bearing fine spiny hairs on the surface (fig. 4).

Labrum.—Slightly arched, a little broader than long, subquadrate,

slightly sinwate in front, obtusely rounded in the antero-lateral corners

and straight on the sides. The margin bears short hairs, of which

those on antero-lateral corners are on the whole the longest (fig. 5).

Eyes.—Distinctly separated from one another, very narrow, not

projecting, black in colour, finely punctured as in other parts of the

head but not facetted ; so far as can be seen on the upper side of

head, each eye presents a trasversely elongate reniform shape, being

broadly emarginated in front. Seen on the sides of head it is nar-

rower, shows slight backward curvature near inferior end (figs. 2, 3).

Mandibles.—Equal, strong, three-sided, a little longer than broad,

reddish brown in colour except the acute incurved tip which is black,

upper side slightly convex, outer side concave, lower side much more

concave. Inner margin of mandible almost straight with a small

notch-like concavity in the middle; outer margin much convex, At

inner base there exists a subquadrate tooth-like process with finely

serrate inner edge (figs. 6, 7).

Pronotum.—Much broader than head, nearly so long as broad,

with anterior margin almost straight, antero-lateral margins broadly

rounded, postero-lateral margins slightly converging posteriorly, and

486 SANJI HOZAWA :

posterior margin slightly sinuate. Dorsal surface of pronotum slightly

arched, finely punctured, with three pairs of longitudinal ridges, viz.,

a median pair formed of the longest ridges and two more pairs formed

of antero-lateral and postero-lateral ridges on both sides of the median

pair (fig. 8).

Prosternum.—With a moderately broad median ridge, anterior

margin concave, posterior margin also concave but with a short pointed

process in the middle (fig. 9).

Elytra.—The elytra in situ (fig. 1), about 2} times as long as

broad, distinctly broader than pronotum; base gently arcuate and

notched in the middle; lateral edges quite or nearly parallel in basal

2 of their length and then gently curving towards each other before

they meet at the apex, giving to this part of the elytra an inverted

dome-like outline and showing in this part only an obscure constriction-

like depression of surface. Costa numbers ten on each side (fig. 11).

The ıst costa forming the inner margin of each elytron is long; the

2nd also long, almost reaching to apex of elytron; the 3rd shorter

than the 2nd but longer than the 4th, which is the shortest of all;

the 5th longer than the 6th but shorter than the 7th, which is nearly

as long as the 2nd; the gth shorter than the 8th; the roth long and

forming the outer margin of elytron. Each inter-costal area is beset

with a row of minute quadrate punctures with rounded corners.

Abdomen.— Dorsal integument soft, not so strongly chitinized as the

ventral integument, brownish yellow in colour. Ventral surface rather

flat, showing five segments, of which the 4th is the shortest (fig. 10).

Legs.—Compressed. First and second legs are of about the same

length and structure; tibia shorter and narrower than femur, with very

fine lateral and three large terminal spines; tarsus short, thick, dimi-

nishing in thickness towards the extremity, 5-jointed; the proximal

four joints short; the 5th joint nearly as long as the preceding two

joints combined, with two incurved claws (figs, 12, 13). Third leg

much longer than the first or the second; tibia with two terminal

A NEW TERMITOPHILOUS COLEOPTERA. 487

spines ; tarsus 4-jointed; the Ist joint longer than the 2nd or the 3rd,

but shorter than the 4th which is equal in length to the 2nd and 3rd

combined. The third leg exceeds the end of abdomen when stretched

out posteriorly (fig. 14).

Sexual organs.—All the three specimens on hand are of the same

appearance and structure. They are probably all males, as one of

them proved to be on examination after laying out into sections. The

internal male organ consists of testes, seminal ducts, seminal vesicles,

accessory glands and ejaculatory duct. Of these parts, the seminal

vesicles are the most conspicuous, being very voluminous convoluted

tubes, occupying the greater part of the interior of abdomen, They are

filled with filiform spermatozoa,

Measurements.—One of the specimens gave following measurements :

ensthaot body ee. 8.0 m.m.

itenetheor head’! hr la. at TSI ni

Breadthrof head... alts a Ben ae 1.034 +

Bengthiof antenna ee eos ceo ee JOUE

encthrot labrum) VIREN 0:37 55

Breadthrofi abano ee a CHARME

length of pronotum Mete... 1.6 5

Breadthy Of Pronocumniesaaet eine se 6 eae: 1.6 ”

Jeonethtolcytia eroe no 5.5 5p

Breadth olrelytras PRE ne. a ZUSE As

The two other specimens measured respectively 8mm and 7.5 mm

in body length.

Remarks.—In external characters, the present species agrees close-

ly with the figure given by Wasmann (l.c.) of Ziaelas insolitus, but

may be distinguished from this by the more fully rounded shape of

the hind end of elytra, instead of this part being marked off from the

more anterior parts by gentle constriction at sides. The 4th costa of

elytron is shorter than any of the rest, but not so prominent as in

the genus Azarelius Fairmaire.

488

Explanation of Plate VI.

Pronotum. x20.

Fig. 1. Dorsal view. “x6:

Fig. 2. Dorsal view of head. x20.

Fig. 3. Side view of head. x 20,

Bic. 4, eft antennal xi30

Kies. TabrümupX50:

Fig. 6. Right mandible. x 50.

Fig. a7. lett; mandiblesoixige:

Prosternum. x20.

Ventral view of mesothorax, metathorax and ab-

Gaye

domen. xX 20.

Fig. 11. Right elytron. x20.

Pig. 127) first richt Wee. 20.

Fig. 13. “Second right les “x20!

Figs 142 Third ichtiles x20:

On the Osmylinae of Japan.

Waro Nakahara.

In order to supplement in a way the works of MacLachlan,” and

Navas” on the Osmylinz of this part of the world, it is proposed to

give in this paper an account of all the forms of that subfamily

known to me from Japan (not including Formosa). Though the

material which came under my examination cannot be {said to be

extensive, I have thus far heen able to recognize fourteen species as

occurring in the region referred to, Of that number, seven seem to

be new to science and one to be new to Japan, while the remaining

six represent all those species which have hitherto been recorded from

that country. Here I let follow the list:

FAMILY HEMEROBIIDAE.

Subfamily Osmyline.

Tribe Sisyrini.

Sisyra japonica n. sp. 3. Sisyra Yamamurae n. sp.

Si osenumana n. SP.

Tribe Berothini.

4. Berotha (Isoscelipteron) Okamotonis n. sp.

Tribe Osmylini.

5. Spilosmylus tuberculatus 7. Spilosmylus flavicornis

(Walker). (MacLachlan),

ED: nikkoönsis (Navas). CIS immaculatus n. Sp.

1) A Sketch of our present knowledge of the neuropterous fauna of Japan (excluding

Odonata and Trichoptera). Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., Pt. ii (1875).

2) Osmylides exotiques neuveaux, Ann. Soc. Scient. Bruxelles (1910).

—— Névroptères neuveaux de l’extrème Orient. Rev. Russ. d’Entom., xi (1911).

490 WARO NAKAHARA:

o. Spilosmylus Harmandinus 12. Osmylus Pryeri Mac-

(Navas). Lachlan.

10,28: nigricornis n. sp. 13. O. decoratus n. Sp.

11. Osmylus tessellatus Mac- TADINO. hyalinatus Mac-

Lachlan. Lachlan.

It is an interesting fact that the Indian species, Spzlosmylus

tuberculatus, lately found in Formosa by Petersen,” occurs also in Japan.

Osmylus hyalinatus, common in Hokkaido and occurring also in Hondo

and Shikoku, has recently been recorded from Siberia by Navas,” so that

this species may be said to have a rather wide range of distribution in the

northern part of eastern Asia. The following table shows the geographical

distribution, as far as can be ascertained, of all the species listed above.

NDS ae

sl Silo |, les E

gt eS WS. Wc |) Se i Ih ee

o | AS |EIS|M|lÉ 14

Sito NON roi Pom [pte ee

alaınz Alan) s |e] &

Sisyra japonica. *

Si ozenumana.

S. Vamamurae. ;

Berotha (Isoscelipteron)

Okamotonis. x

Spilosmylus tuberculatus. * eyes | || |

Sr nikkoénsts. x»9| + : | >

Sì flavicornis. *|* |

SÒ immaculatus. *

S Harmandinus. »>| x |*? #

Si nigricornis. *

Osmylus tessellatus. # *

O. Pryeri. *

O. decoratus. * *

hyalinatus.

1) “ Sauter’s Formosa Ausbeute. Neuroptera Planipennia II, Megaloptera and Mecop-

tera, Ent. Mitt., ii (1913).

2) Quelques Névroptères de la Sibérie méridionale-orientale. Rev. Russ. d’Entom., xii

(1912).

ON THE OSMYLINÆ OF JAPAN. 491

FAMILY HEMEROBIIDAE.

Subfamily Osmyline.

Certain authors have separated from the Hemerobiidz such genera

as Osmylus, Dilar, etc., as representing distinct families, but I

agree with Banks” in thinking that it would be more natural to keep

up this family in the broad sense, dividing it into four subfamilies as

follows: 1) The Dilarinæ, characterized by the peculiar ovipositor of

the female and the pectinate antennz of the male. 2) The Psycho-

psinæ, characterized by the union of subcosta, radius and radial sector.

3) The Osmylinæ, in which the subcosta and radius are united near

tip of wing. 4) The Hemerobiinæ, to include all the rest of the

family.

Of these subfamilies, the Dilarinæ seems to be well differentiated

from all the others on account of the male antenna being of a

structure somewhat resembling that in the Sialidæ, and of the

ovipositor resembling that of the Rhaphidide. The remaining three

subfamilies are very nearly allied with one another; especially close

seems to be the relation between the Osmylinz and the Hemerobiine,

and it may even become necessary in the future to unite these two

subfamilies into one. Here I should mention that the fact of the union

of the subcosta and radius, taken alone by itself, does not seem to be

always sufficiently adequate to serve as distinctive criterion between

the Osmylinæ and the Hemerobiinz ; for, in a new Japanese Osmyline

form (Sisyra japonica n. sp.) I have found the union of the said veins

only imperfectly carried out. Further, it may be pointed out that

Sisyrella nikkoana (Navas), a form generally placed under the Heme-

robiinæ,” so closely approaches Szsyra in several respects that it may

1) Synopses and Descriptions of Exotic Neuroptera. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xxxix

(1913).

2) Naväs, Hémérobides neuveaux du Japon. Rev. Russ. d’Ent., No. 4, p. 397-98 (1910),

— Banks, l.c., p. 218.

492 WARO NAKAHARA:

be said to stand almost on the verge of being an intermediate form

between the two subfamilies, In this regard, both Szsyra japonica and

Sisyrella nikkoana are of much interest, and more knowledge about

them than we have at present is exceedingly desirable.

Krüger, in his recent work on Osmylid&”, has presented a new

classification of the family, dividing this into two divisions and six

subfamilies, mainly on the basis of venational characters. From the

point of view that in this group of insects the details of wing-venation,

such as are utilized by Krüger, are something much subject to in-

dividual variation and therefore can not be solely depended upon for

the systematic purpose, it seems to me that Banks’ system before

mentioned is the more natural and the more acceptable in the present

state of our knowledge.

Tribe Sisyrini Banks.

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xxxix, p. 211 (1913).

This tribe includes two genera which can be distinguished as

follows :—

ae sector with three branches before stigma ....Sisyra.

Radial sector with one branch before stigma...... Climacia.

Genus Climacia is, so far as known, not represented in Japan.

Genus Sisyra Burm.

Sisyra Burmeister, Handb, Entom., ii, p. 975 (1839); Walker

(Hemerobius, part) Cat. Neuropt. Brit. Mus., ii, p. 296 (1853) ;

Needham, N.Y.S. Mus., Bull. 86, p. 16 (1905); Banks, Proc.

Ent. Soc. Wash., xi, p. 76 (1909); Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent.

SOC) RAI PAZ)!

It may be said that there exist sufficient differences between this

1) Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Neuropteren-Familie der Osmyliden, Stett. Ent.

Zeit., 73 Jg. und 74 Jg. (1912-13).

ON THE OSMYLINÆ OF JAPAN. 493

genus and Cl/imacia to base generic distinction upon. In Sisyra the

number of branches from radial sector is constantly well fixed;

moreover, it never shows an outer gradate vein, while CZmacia always

has this in some number. Hitherto no Szsyra has been recorded

from Japan, but I have discovered in Hondo three species, all which

seem to be new to science. They may be distinguished as follows :—

I. Anterior margin of hind stigmatic region markedly produced ;

two of the costal cross-veins separated from the others in

forewing ; subcosta and radius rather imperfectly united....

eee. SAL S. japonica.

—— Anterior margin of hind stigmatic region not produced ; none

or only one of the costal cross-veins separated in forewing ;

Subecestanand radınsaperfectly united... ui 2,

2. Subcosta of forewing darkish; median and cubital veins not

connectedi#headiblack.... u... er M. ans S. ozenumana.

Subcosta pale; median and cubital veins connected by a

eross-veins Iheadıbrownt Zr eee use S. Yamamure.

Sisyra japonica n. sp. Fig. 1.

Head fuscous black, much swollen above; upper part of face

black, lower half including mouth-parts pale yellow; palpi pale, the

last joint of maxillary palpi very long and spindle-shaped, that of

labial palpi nearly triangular in shape with numerous fine hairs on

top and sides; antenne black at base, terminal half ochraceous

yellow.

Prothorax pale yellow, fuscous yellow above, the anterior margin

a little produced and spotted with fuscous. Meso- and metathorax

also fuscous yellow, cach segment suffused with brown at margin,

scutella yellowish.

Legs uniformly pale, densely haired, only the last tarsal joint and

claw brownish or testaceous.

Abdomen uniformly pale yellow, with a bushy bundle of pale

494 WARO NAKAHARA:

hairs on each segment; on the ventral side, the hair bundles consist

of more numerous hairs; the last three segments much slender than

the others; paired lateral appendage of male not long, pointed, fuscous

at tip; a large ventral appendage directed upwards, its tip covered

with fine hairs; suranal plate much more hairy.

Wings nearly uniform light brown, somewhat darker at costal and

apical areas; veins entirely pale.

Forewing with costal cross-veins less than ten in number; none

of them separated from others, nor connected with one another by

cross-vein ; three cross-veins between radius and its sector; a cross-

vein between the sector and the hindmost branch of it; veins in

stigmatic region undeveloped; subcosta terminally quite imperfect ;

median forks not connected

with cubital.

Hind-wing rather wide in

the pterostigmatic region, pro-

duced and rounded; with six

costal cross-veins at base, the

Fig. 1. 4 :

Sisyra japonica n. sp. innermost cross-vein a little

Pterostigmatic region of fore-wing. 40 x. separated from the rest; me-

dian and cubital forks connected by a cross-vein.

Measurements :

Liensth*ofibody Hear RUE har REE 3.5 mm.

> 55, LANCENNES arto ARE Selene 3 ”

si 35 TORE WANE) esos, EEE AIS

Width of PAL TA) PORES LIVRE ME, 20

Length of shindwingiogpek EA RR RA Ai rang,

A single male specimen in my collection. It was captured by my

friend, Mr. T. Esaki, in his garden in Osaka, middle of August

1913.

ON THE OSMYLIN OF JAPAN. 495

Sisyra ozenumana n. sp.

Head black, swollen above; face fuscous black ; mouth-parts

ochraceous ; antenne deep black, more or less fuscous beyond the

middle, a few terminal joints blackish,

Prothorax fuscous, covered with fine hairs; meso- and metathorax

ochraceous fuscous, especially so on the back, somewhat paler below;

mesothorax much swollen above.

Legs pale yellow; foreleg slightly spotted with darkish ; terminal

joint of tarsi darker in all the legs.

Abdomen brown ; terminal segments lost.

Wings hyaline and uniformly light brown; veins mostly pale,

subcosta suffused with light fuscous, other principal veins somewhat

dark towards base.

Forewing with 8 costal cross-veins, of which the last one is

widely separated from the others: radial sector with 3 branches and

connected with radius at three points; a very faint cross-vein between

the Ist branch and base of the 2nd branch of the sector; media

dichotomousely forked three times, the anterior fork with one branch

more than the posterior fork; length of cubito-anal cell equals nearly

three times the width.

Hindwing with about seven costal cross-veins, all in the basal parts,

Measurements :

IÉCNSENONDON ee Sri ?

O 5 ANTONIN Sonnet 3 mm.

7" bee SOLE WAN OES Be Auta ev dE Hi gp

Width of a ON], DFA,

Kenethyor hndwner ta. en. 4 UN

A single specimen (sex undeterminable) obtained by the author

on the shore of Lake Oze, Prov. Közuke, Aug. 1, 1913.

’

496 WARO NAKAHARA:

Sisyra Yamamure n. sp.

Head ochraceous yellow, covered with yellowish hairs; face

yellowish ; last joint of maxillary palpi thick and extremely long;

antennz with about 50 joints, black, some terminal joints pale yellow ;

vertex spotted with fuscous.

Prothorax ochraceous yellow with fuscous spots and yellowish

hairs ; much wider than long. joe

Legs pale, with tibia darkened at extremity.

Abdomen much thickened at apex, darkish yellow ; on both dorsal

and ventral sides, most segments show on the hind margin a black

spot covered with long hairs. Paired lateral appendage of male rather

large, sending out a pair of long and very slender, upwardly directed,

claw-like processes ; the slender processes just mentioned not longer

than the basal part from which they arise, not crossing each other at

their ends.

Wings hyaline, nearly colorless, with yellowish neuration; costal

cross-veins rather unequally distributed, nine of them in the basal half

and only one in the distal half of the space between base and. stigma ;

media is dichotomously forked three times in forewing, and twice in

hindwing.

Hindwing nearly perfectly colorless, excepting anterior marginal

area and pterostigma which are yellowish.

Measurements :

Lensth of BOIRE ar rare 4.5 mm.

er py Antenne rer an: 4 9

La >» MOLE WINE Ar tie ee O 45;

Width of Ms CNT CEE EL d'A

Length efhnduine rare: As

A single male specimen captured by my friend, Mr. S. Yamamura,

in the garden of the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station of

Shiga (Prov. Ohmi) on May 27th, 1912.

ON THE OSMYLINÆ OF JAPAN. 497

Remark: This species closely resembles S. Zzdica, which Need-

ham” described from India, but differs from it distinctly in the

structure of the male genital appendage.

Tribe Berothini Banks.

Frans. Amer ent, Sae. xxx p.: 271 (1918)!

Under this tribe Banks has placed three genera, viz., Lomamyza,

Isoscelipteron and Berotha.

Genus Berotha Walker.

Berotha Walker, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., v. N.S., pt. v, p. 186

(1860); Needham, N.Y.S. Mus., Bull. 86, p. 16 (1905); Banks,

ditansa Amer Ent. Soc, XXxIx, D. 212 (1913).

This genus differs from Zomamyia in the radial sector being not

connected with media.

Banks separated Zsoscelipteron from Berotha on account of the

former having eight, instead of four or five, branches to radial sector ;

however, since some species, as fi. Berotha rufa and B. nicobarica

described by Navas,” show seven branches, and since moreover the

number of the branches is subject to variation among individuals of

one and the same species, I will not give Zsoscelipteron more than

subgeneric status unless stronger grounds for its generic separation be

forthcoming.

Subgenus Isoscelipteron Costa.

Zsoscelipteron Costa, Fauna del Regno di Napoli” (1860-70) ; Banks,

Trans, Amer, Ent Soc, zxxix, D 212 (1013).

1) Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. Rec. Ind. Mus.,

iii, pt. ili, No. 12, p. 206-07, pl. xxi, fig. i (1909).

2) Crisöpidos y Hemeròbidos (Ins. Neur.) nuevos 6 criticos. Brotéria, x, Serie Zoologica,

fasc. ii, p. 108-09 (1912).

3) This work was unfortunately not accessible to me.

498 WARO NAKAHARA:

Berotha (Isoscelipteron) Okamotonis n. sp.

Head yellow, face and mouth-parts somewhat darker; antenna

yellow, basal joint much elongated and covered with yellowish hairs,

other joints brown in their terminal half, thus giving the antenna an

annulated appearance ; compound eye black.

Prothorax yellow, with a lyre-shaped impression in the middle,

and also two obscure transverse grooves above; broadly dark brown

on both sides, which are covered with very long hairs of that color.

Meso- and metathorax fuscous yellow, covered with hairs,

Abdomen fuscous, pale on ventral side and at apex; in the male,

the apex with two very long and slender, inferiorly directed appen-

dages which are covered with very long hairs,

Legs pale, covered with long hairs; anterior tibia and femora

spotted with fuscous.

Forewing hyaline, with pale neuration ; all veins except subcosta

minutely spotted with fuscous ; margin of the wing, but especially the

basal parts of inner marginal and apical areas, faintly marked with

brown; cross-veins fuscous black and margined with fuscous; along

inner margin of the wing, several distinct blackish spots caused by the

branching and black-marked ends of anal and cubital veins; ptero-

stigma blood-red.

Costal area with about 20 cross-veins ; all the cross-veins, except-

ing those at base of the area, with two or three branches; three cross-

veins between radius and radial sector ; the sector with 8 or 9 branches.

Hindwing also hyaline; principal veins pale yellow; cross-veins,

especially those of the: gradate series, fuscous black; pterostigma

reddish yellow; hind margin with long hairs in basal parts only ; with

6 veins in the gradate series.

Measurements :

Length “of body AO oe eee IO mm.

eS „ antenne. salire eat Sian,

ON THE OSMYLIN OF JAPAN. 499

Length of forewing ...... hea hate SIR 13 mm:

+ Oe, TONI ERE o nate 1 DER

A single female(?) specimen captured on Mt. Iwawaki, Prov. Kii,

Aug. 17th, 1911, by Mr. Isshiki, is in the collection of Mr. H. Okamoto.

Further, a male specimen, captured by Mr. A. Nohira at Minomo

near Osaka, is in my collection.

Remark: This species closely resembles Berotha (Lsoscelipteron)

puncticollis, which was described by Navas” from Formosa, but can at

once be distinguished from this by the markings on body, especially

those on head, prothorax and wing, by wing-venation, etc.

Tribe Osmylini Banks, s. emend.

Osmylini Banks, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., xxxix, p. 211 (1913).

Nymphini Banks, l.c.

Banks has separated Osmylini and Nymphini as distinct tribes,

but I regard this distinction to be too arbitrary for acceptance, inas-

much as there exist between them, so far as I can see, no sufficient

difference by which it could be held up. The presence or absence of

ocelli, utilized by many other authors for their separation, proves to

be of no avail, since there exist under Nymphini forms with ocelli as

well as those that are without them. It is therefore obvious that the

system of these insects as it now stands, is in much confusion, and

hence Osmylini is here put foreward provisionally in the sense which

covers Nymphini also. Then the tribe may be defined as follows:

Ocelli present or absent; in the latter case there exist tubercles

instead. Wings with numerous cross-veins besides those of gradate

series; all cross-veins beset with hairs; in forewing media and cubitus

have each one branch runing parallel to them for a considerable dis-

tance in forewing; in hindwing cubital branch not always parallel

to cubitus; no recurrent vein at base of forewing.

1) Névroptères nouveaux de l’extrème Orient. Rev. Russ. d’Entom., xi, p. 112, fig. 2

(1911).

500 i WARO NAKAHARA:

In his recent work on the Osmylidæ (l.c.), Krüger has created

numerous new genera, many of which are without doubt to be ranged

under the Tribe Osmylini as defined above. Whatever be the true

status of these genera, they may be considered to be of no concern to

the Japanese species known at present of the tribe. The latter I refer

to the two old genera, Osmylus and Spilosmylus, which may be

distinguished from each other in the following way:

Cubitus of hindwing with a branch running for most part along

with sand; parallel ste it. ara Osmylus.

Cubitus of hindwing with a branch, which, instead of running

along with it, makes its course obliquely towards inner margin

of the wing. ot, RR LA Ra er Spilosmylus.

Here a few words about the genital appendage of Osmylus.

Needham (l.c.) has described from the alleged male of Parosmylus

prominens, a form later referred to Osmylus, a curious appendage

depending from the hindmost abdominal segment and tentatively

called by him the “sperm conveyor.” He said: “This is boat-shaped

in outline, with a pair of minute palps on the bilobed posterior end.

It appears to be capable of being swung in and out on a more or

less flexible and muscular pedicel, and when swung inwards, its point

must be close to the sperm orifice.”

This interesting organ is present in several specimens examined

by me, but contrary to Needham’s statements, I have found all those

individuals to be females, not males. A living specimen of Osmylus

hyalinatus with the organ laid eggs in the paper bag in which it was

held in captivity. This shows that both Petersen and Banks are right

in considering specimens without the organ to be the males.

The male genital apparatus of Osmylus is characterized by the

presence of a pair of peculiar free sacs. In the male of Spzlosmylus

these are wanting, though the female is in possession of the boat-

shaped organ before referred to.

ON THE OSMYLINZE OF JAPAN. 50I

Genus Spilosmylus Kolbe.

Spilosmylus Kolbe, Netzfliig. Deutch-Ostafricas, p. 33 (1897) ;

Banks, Trans.) Ameri Ent. Spe xxkix, pi 232 and 214

(ong) Krüger, Steit Ent. Zeit. 74 Je. p. 52 (1913).

Lysmus Navas, Rev, Russ. d’Ent., xi, p. 112-13 (I9II).

Thyridosmylus Krüger, l.c., p. 87.

Ripidosmylus Krüger, l.c., p. 61.

Petersen (l.c.) said that Navas’ Zysmus might be included in the

old genus Osmylus, on the ground of the inadequateness of the main

character upon which the former was founded; but I think that there

exist certain other important. characters, which were not noted by

Navas in his generic diagnosis but which seem to sufficiently warrant

the generic separation of the two. On the other hand, I agree with

Banks in considering Zysmus to be only a synonym of S#zlosmylus.

Further, I may say that many of Kriiger’s genera placed under his

subfamily Spilosmylinæ are very closely allied to Spilosmylus and

can scarcely be distinguished from this. It seems to me that at least

two of his genera, Thyridosmylus and Ripidosmylus, should be merged

into the present genus, which, in my opinion, may be defined as follows :

Ocelli present. Basal joint of tarsi much longer than the next

following joint. In forewing, basal part of costal area narrow; costal

cross-veins mostly simple; media forked towards base. In hindwing,

a row of cells present beyond end of cubitus ; the cubitus has a branch

bent posteriorly and not runing parallel to it.

Synopsis of the species found in Japan:

I. A tubercle on hind margin of forewing ........ tuberculatus.

== 4) Ne tubercle OUT RTS ara Wr 2:

2, Antenaluscousebläck rn sten. ss calc. ee set nigricornis.

AntennæmmelNowishens Mets de. Li Gam Ne OL. 3:

3. With three black spots placed in a triangle on prothorax

flavicornis.

502 WARO NAKAHARA :

—— Without’such spots’ on protloao A 4.

4. Without notable marking on wing.............. immaculatus.

—— With many distinct markings on wing........... NEREO 5.

5. Three blackish spots along cubital vein in forewing......

RCA Hermandinus.

—— With numerous small brownish spots at base, and at beyond

middle of forewing LR RN RR nikkoönsis.

Spilosmylus tuberculatus (Walker).

Osmylus tuberculatus Walker, Cat. Neuropt. Brit. Mus., ii, p. 255

(1853); Petersen, Ent. Mitt., ii, p. 227-28 (1913).

Osmylus modestus Gerstæcker, Mitt. nat. Ver. Neuvorp. u. Rügen,

xxv, d. 77-8 (1893).

Head pale yellow; ocelli yellow; clypeus and palpi yellowish,

the latter somewhat darker than the former; antenne of usual struc-

ture with short hairs, a few basal joints somewhat fuscous, all the

other joints yellow, though often a few terminal joints are fuscous.

Prothorax yellow, above with four blackish spots, of which the

anterior two are rather elongate; further a very small spot at an

anterior position; but the markings vary much according to individuals,

Very long pale hairs present on each side of prothorax, Meso- and

metathorax with brown spots on both sides of the median yellowish

part.

Abdomen brownish above, much lighter on ventral side and at

apex,

Legs pale or nearly colorless, somewhat darker on tarsal joints ;

Ist tarsal joint not so much longer than the 2nd as in other Spzlos-

mylus species; claws rather small, strongly curved, with a few

teeth.

Forewing not broad, subacute at apex, vitreous, with one or two

small fuscous spots beyond the middle; also a small tubercle of shiny

black marked with three or four yellow lines present at middle of

ON THE OSMYLINZ OF JAPAN. 503

hind margin, the tubercle measuring only about 1mm. in diameter

and about }mm. in height; veins mostly pale but interrupted by

blackish ; subcosta and radius with strongly pronounced black and

pale alternate spaces; pterostigma light brown, with thickened dark

brown veins on each side,

All the costal cross-veins simple in my specimens; radial sector

with 9-12 branches; cross-veins on the disk very few in number,

mostly marked with fuscous.

Hindwing with brown pterostigma ; neuration nearly entirely pale

whitish, especially in inner marginal area; discal cross-veins mostly

fuscous, very small parts of principal veins likewise fuscous.

Measurements :

Eenstkwolibodyar 222, mamma); ol 9—-ILmm.

MWädthkoß forewing.) 2 ste. Taglio 6—6.5 ,

iuengthwok, hindwing 4.2.22 E Be: 16—17 ,,

Hab.: A large number of specimens of this species were received

by me from the following localities :

Mt. Kinkwa near Gifu, Mr. S. Yamamura coll.

Prov. Harima, Mr. S. Iguchi coll.

Tsuchiura, Prov. Hitachi, Mr. S. Kimura coll.

Kyoto and Yoshino (Prov. Yamato), Mr. A. Nohira coll.

Alikang, Formosa, Mr. H. Sauter coll.”

There is also a female specimen captured at Shimpukuji, Prov.

Mino, in the collection of the Nawa Entomological Laboratory,

Gifu.

Remark: Short and imperfect as is the original description given

by Walker, the specimens on hand agree with it so well that I cannot

help identifying them with the species. If this identification be correct,

I think Gerstecker’s Osmylus modestus from Java should also be

1) This specimen I owe to the kindness of Mr. Petersen of Denmark.

504 WARO NAKAHARA:

identified with zaberculatus, since Japanese and Formosan specimens

just mentioned agree well with his description of modestus.

The tubercle on wing, which has often been considered to be

peculiar to the male, is in fact present in both sexes, and shows no

difference in the different sex.

Spilosmylus nikkoensis (Navas).

Lysmus nikkoénsis Navas, Rev. Russ. d’Entom., vi, p. 113, fig. 3

(IQII).

Head fuscous black, with two large yellow spots in hind marginal

area ; ocelli yellow, margined with the same color; clypeus entirely

yellow; antenne yellow with long hairs, a few basal joints darkish,

the 3rd joint longer than the 2nd.

Prothorax yellowish with a longitudinal fuscous line, which is

occasionally nearly interrupted in the middle, and with two spots on

both sides of the line, but these markings vary to a certain extent in

different specimens; both sides of prothorax beset with long, pale

testaceous hairs. gi

Meso- and metathorax also yellowish ; praescutum of the former

with a median blackish line and two black spots on anterior margin ;

scutum also with two spots on both sides anteriorly ; irregular median

line present on scutellum.

Abdomen brown above, with a few pale hairs; ventral side

yellowish ; boat-shaped genital appendage of females dark yellow.

Legs pale yellow, with end of hind-femora fuscous; claws com-

monly with teeth, but often without them, testaceous, strongly curved.

Forewing not very broad, subacute at apex, inner marginal and

apical areas slightly clouded with grey; pterostigma yellowish with

brown veinlets on both sides; neuration mostly fuscous ; subcosta and

radius yellowish, interrupted several times with fuscous spaces; most

cross-veins margined with dark brown, forming some small spots at

base and at middle as well as beyond middle of the wing.

ON THE OSMYLINÆ OF JAPAN. 505

All the costal veinlets simple; radial sector with 10-12 branches ;

two series of gradate veinlets irregular and scarcely parallel.

Hindwing with inner marginal area only occasionally slightly

clouded with brown; pterostigma slightly fuscous yellow.

Measurements :

Tenshi Gf body a Do tesa. 9—10 mm,

ME SLIOTENINERERE PRET RE es. 16—19 ,,

Width of A cg WAR ERO Per shine aks 6.5— 7 »

Lensth of hindwings 3191. SA. 14—15 ,,

Hab.: Specimens from the following localities are in my col-

lection :

Prov. Harima, Mr. S. Iguchi coll.

. Prov. Wakasa, Mr. I. Isaki coll.

Mt. Kinbo near Kumamoto, Mr. K. Yokoyama coll.

Yanagawa, Prov. Chikugo, Mr. T. Takamuku coll.

Hokkaido(?), Mr. H. Okamoto coll.

Mt. Natsusawatoge, Prov. Shinano ; Kyoto; Yoshino, Prov.

Yamato; Mr. A. Nohira coll.

Remark: Petersen (l.c.) said that Navas Lysmus nikkoönsis is

probably referable to Zuberculatus, but I am decidedly of the opinion

that the two are distinct. It may be doubted if the female specimen,

which he considered to be Zuberculatus, really represented that

species.

Spilosmylus flavicornis (MacLachlan),

Osmylus flavicornis MacLachlan, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ii, p.

179-80 (1875).

Osmylus faurinus Navas, Ann. de la Soc. Scient. Brux., p. 192

(1910).

Lysmus faurinus Navas, Rev. Russ. d’Entom., xi, p. 114 (1911).

Osmylus ? ? flavicornis Krüger, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 271 (1913).

Head yellow, ocelli yellow, broadly margined with same color ;

506 WARO NAKAHARA:

clypeus and labium variegated with fuscous; palpi darkish; antenne

yellow with long hairs, a few terminal joints blackish.

Prothorax yellow with three blackish spots placed in a triangle

above, and with blackish or pale hairs on both sides. Mesothorax

yellowish, spotted with fuscous ; metathorax fuscous yellow.

Legs pale yellow, darker near end of tarsi; claws simple, strongly

curved.

Abdomen blackish, spotted with yellow, especially on ventral side

and at apex; boat-shaped female organ ochraceous yellow, more or

less suffused with piceous,

Forewing not broad, subacute at apex, vitreous, with about ten

minute piceous spots on cross-veins, two pretty large ones in basal

area, a large spot formed of several smaller dots in middle, an irregu-

lar line on outer gradate veins, and some spots close together near

apex ; inner marginal and apical areas clouded with light brown ; two

fuscous spots on both sides of pterostigma. Principal veins mostly pale

yellow ; cross-veins piceous.

Costal cross-veins mostly simple ; radial secter with 11-13 branches ;

two series of gradate veins rather irregular and scarcely parallel.

Hindwing usually without marking excepting the brownish ptero-

stigma ; gradate veins sometimes margined with fuscous.

Measurements :

Lengthiofsbodysak rn ee. 7.5— 11 mm.

5; 5 forewinod.. Roda I5—I8 ,,

Width of 55 oe Rin ERRE 5— 6,

Length oft hindwings... RE 14-17 ,;

Hab.: Sapporo, Mr. H. Okamoto coll.

Mt. Ibuki, Prov. Mino, Mr. Y. Nawa coll.»

Matsuyama, Prov. Iyo, Messrs. Nagai and Takahashi coll.

Yanagawa, Prov. Chikugo, Mr. Takamuku coll.

1) The single male specimen in the collection of the Nawa Entomological Laboratory.

ON THE OSMYLINZ OF JAPAN. 507

Yoshino, Prov. Yamato, Mr. A. Nohira coll.

Tokyo, Mr. A. Nohira coll.

Remarks: Osmylus faurinus Navas seems to me to be a varia-

tional form of this species, since the latter is very variable even in

the markings of prothorax which usually form a well fixed specific

character. Wing markings are especially variable; my Sapporo speci-

men has the markings considerablly restricted, while in the Matsuyama

specimen, they are strongly pronounced even on hindwing.

Spilosmylus immaculatus n. sp.

Head yellow, with a black triangular spot on top, swollen and

blackish behind, blackish also around eye; face, clypeus and palpi

yellowish. Antenne long, dark yellow, with concolorous hairs; all

the joints, excepting the basal one, are nearly equal in length.

Prothorax yellow with an M-shaped blackish mark and a broad

median blackish line above. Meso- and metathorax brownish all over.

Legs pale yellow, suffused with darkish at end of tarsi; claws

with teeth, strongly curved,

Abdomen fuscous with a few hairs, spotted with orange yellow,

especially on ventral side and at apex; boat-shaped female organ

yellowish, unusually small.

Forewing broad, subacute at apex, vitreous; neuration mostly

pale, but partly slightly greyish ; without spot except on pterostigma

which is very slightly darkish on both sides.

Nearly all costal cross-veins simple, but the two or three near

base of wing are furcate; radial sector with about ten branches.

Hindwing almost without marking; pterostigma mostly faintly

marked with grey.

Measurements:

Length of body

vito: plorevinne. Lens. ppi vare 1986,

508 WARO NAKAHARA :

Width) of forewitc a. AT. PRESS, yee Ace ul mm:

Length of hindwing. Ss Samen Br 743,

A single female specimen was captured by the author on Mt.

Ozetoge, Prov. Kozuke, July 31, 1913.

Remark: Though resembling S. Harmandinus (Navas) and S.

nigricornis n. sp., this species is peculiar in having no spot on wings

excepting greyish pterostigma. Besides, this species differs from the

two mentioned in coloration and in structure of body, antenne, female

genital appendage, etc.

Spilosmylus Harmandinus (Navas).

Osmylus flavicoruis Matsumura, Thous. Ins. Jap, i, p. 178, pl.

xiii, fig. 7, ® (1904), nec MacLachlan.

Osmylus Harmanainus Navas, Ann. de la Soc. Scient. Brux., p.

190-901 (1910).

Lysmus Harmandinus Navas, Rev. Russ. d’Entom., xi, p. 113

(1911).

Head yellowish with an elongate black spot on vertex; greater

part of face, including labium, blackish; palpi darkish ; ocelli yellow ;

antenna yellow, with numerous long concolorous hairs.

Prothorax yellow with three longitudinal fuscous lines, of which

the median is much longer and broader than the other two; with

numerous black or pale hairs on both sides,

Meso- and metathorax yellowish, with several fuscous spots of

various sizes,

Legs yellow, with pale hairs; hindleg much darker than other

legs ; claws scarcely serrate,

Abdomen fuscous black with pale hairs, spotted with yellowish

especially on lateral side and at apex.

Forewing broad, vitreous; neuration mostly blackish, but partly

pale; subcosta and radius with a few strongly marked blackish and

pale alternate spaces; three blackish spots along cubital vein, the

ON THE OSMYLINZ OF JAPAN. 509

outermost spot being the smallest and the median the largest;

pterostigma yellowish with some thickened black veins on both sides,

Costal cross-veins mostly simple, only occasionally a few of them

are furcate ; sector with nine or ten branches; two series of gradate

veins rather irregular and scarcely parallel.

Hindwing without prominent marking, excepting yellowish ptero-

stigma which is marked with fuscous on both sides.

Measurements :

[ensthKofpodyararag Tian. MER. 10 mm.

ss POLE WIN Sar ae. eo Reet TOM:

Width of ER NE rt Ee RU On

Rensthrofsiind wine. oca. «20 229 a7. Dey,

A single male specimen, captured by Mr. H. Okamoto at Sapporo,

is in my collection.

Remark: Osmylus flavicoruis described and figured by Prof. S.

Matsumura in his work entitled “Senchü-zukai’” seems to be identical

with Navas’ O. Harmandinus, and so I place doubt on the status of

the species recently recorded by the same author? from Saghalien

under the name of flavicoruts.

Spilosmylus nigricornis n. sp.

Head blackish, swollen above, with long strong hairs; hind margin

of head and mouth-parts fuscous black; narrowly brown around eye ;

antenne black or piceous, somewhat brownish towards tip.

Prothorax dark yellow, with a narrow median longitudinal line

which widens towards both its anterior and posterior ends ; two black

spots on each side of the line. Meso- and metathorax blackish ; lobes

more or less swollen, shiny black.

Legs fuscous yellow; claws rather short, not so strongly curved,

testaceous, with a few teeth.

I) Erster Beitrag zur Insekten-Fauna von Sachalien, Journ. Coll. Agr., Tohoku Imp.

Univ., iv, p, 15 (1911).

510 WARO NAKAHARA :

Abdomen blackish, with pale hairs; boat-shaped female organ

black, with a yellow transverse band.

Forewing broad, vitreous, with black neuration, subacute at apex ;

subcosta and radius yellowish with several short black spaces; ptero-

stigma yellowish, marked with two large black spots; a black spot

exists in a middle cubital cell; several small spot present near base

of the wing.

Costal cross-veins mostly simple, though usually a few of them

are furcate; sector with 8-11 branches; series of gradate veins some-

what irregular.

Hindwing without marking except on pterostigma which is similarly

marked as that of forewing,

Measurements:

Leneth- of Body. Nee O—12 mm.

a: st forewing’: ant ee: I5—IQ »

Width of 55 the (Oe RI SOR B.S 17 (n

Lengthy ofhindwings Lorna 13.5—17 5;

Nine female specimens and a single male specimen captured by

the author on the shore of Lake Oze, Prov. Kozuke, on Aug. 1, 1913.

Genus Osmylus Latreille.

Osmylus Latreille; Walker, Cat. Neuropt. Brit. Mus., ii, p. 231

(1852); Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xxxix, p. 212 and

215 (1913); Kriger, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 38 (1913).

Osmylina Schneider, Monog. Chrysop., p. 36 (1851). —

Hyposmylus MacLachlan, Ent. Month. Mag., vi, p. 200 (1870);

Kriiger, l.c., p. 48.

Parosmylus Needham, Rec. Ind. Mus., iii, p. 309 (1909).

Dictyosmylus Navas, Ann. de la Soc. Scient. Brux., p. 189 (1910) ;

Kruger; lic. ‘p40:

Plethosmylus Kriiger, l.c., p. 43.

I agree with Banks in regarding Hyposmylus, Parosmylus and

ON THE OSMYLINZ OF JAPAN. SII

Dictyosmylus to be synonyms of Osmylus. Moreover, I think that

hyalinatus M’L., for which he made that new genus, is a species

which stands very near to the type of Osmylus, O. maculatus F., as

was pointed out by MacLachlan.

Consequently, the genus should in my opinion be defined as

follows :

Three ocelli present, placed close together. Legs with entire

empodia ; a spur exists on coxa I in female of most species. Wings

broad ; media of forewing forked near base; costal cross-veins mostly

furcate, sometimes two adjoining veins cross each other or are con-

nected by a short cross-vein; cubitus of both wings has a branch

running parallel to it for a considerable distance.

The structure of coxa J, which had never before been used for

the systematic purpose by any entomologist except Needham (l.c.),

who utilized it for generic distinction, seems to afford a useful differ-

ential character for the distinction of species. All the Japanese species

of the genus may be distinguished thus:

I. Coxa I without spur, but with a somewhat dilated portion

insteadr- NS ler BR Re re au: cet tessellatus.

COXA I weh SHULD eye ee wr atts ot TE ER de 2:

Zu Wherspunycrookedia ren. ser: Re AE. cmt co onoiis Def Pryert.

7m lhelspurinoticrookedt Jaye. syeyeis is Vette or alare HUE 3.

3. The spur rather long, not directed upward, nor dilated at

APE ERRE MODEL e Ju ole San hyalinatus.

—— The spur short, directed distinctly upward and dilated at

DERART DI OI DR AS RARE. ss... decoratus.

Osmylus tessellatus MacLachlan. Fig. 2.

Osmylus tessellatus M’Lachlan, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ii, p. 180

(1875).

I) So far as known, the spur is peculiar to the female.

512 WARO NAKAHARA:

Osmylus ? tessellatus Krüger, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 270 (1913).

Head black, swollen above; face yellowish with a large furcate

black mark between antenna; antenne

black with a yellow ring. around base;

ocelli minute, yellow, the foremost one

a little apart from the remaining two;

palpi fuscous black.

Eig. 2.

Coxa I of Osmylus tessellatus Prothorax bright piceous, with grey

M’L. 20 x.

pubescence, posteriorly slightly suffused with

yellow ; a distinct small yellow spot exists anteriorly in the middle.

Meso- and metathorax piceous, faintly marked with fuscous.

Legs pale yellow, with hairs of same color; hindleg somewhat

brownish, especially on femora; end of tarsi darkish ; coxa I without

spur, but with a somewhat dilated portion instead ; claws rather long,

with teeth,

Abdomen fuscous black, darker at base, slightly suffused with

yellow on lateral sides; last two segments variegated with ochraceous

yellow, much hairy; boat-shaped female organ fuscous, yellowish

along margin.

Forewing broad, subacute at apex; neuration blackish, partly

pale; subcosta and radius yellowish with black spaces, the former

commonly darker than the latter; most discal cross-veins broadly

margined with dark grey, giving the wing a chequered appearance ;

some darkish spots on disk and also near apex ; pterostigma yellowish

with two darkish spots; inner marginal area irregularly marked with

greyish; several dark spots along radius; costal cross-veins mostly

blackish, but partly pale so as to cause irregular pale and blackish

alternate spaces.

Costal cross-veins mostly furcate, some of them in basal area of

wing being simple; radial sector with 10-16 branches; discal cells

mostly quadrate, irregular in arrangement.

Hindwing hyaline, rarely very slightly tinged with greyish; with-

ON THE OSMYLIN OF JAPAN. 533

out marking except a few spots on pterostigma and very faintly clouded

spaces along inner margin.

Measurements :

Kength of body ar amiens 14—15 mm.

br i Sone WIN OU IAN ola ee 24-26 ,,

Width of a Mg terre eens GOONS

Fensth of hindwingte hei 222248,

A male specimen captured by Mr. A. Nohira on Mt. Atago,

Kyoto, May ıst ’ı2, and two female specimens captured by Mr. T.

Takamuku at Yanagawa, Kiushiu, are in my collection.

Remark: In structure this species resembles certain Splosmylus

species more closely than the other three species of the genus.

Osmylus Pryeri MacLachlan. Fig. 3.

Osmylus Pryeri M’Lachlan, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ii, p. 180-81

(1875).

Osmylus? Pryeri Kriger, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 270 (1913).

Head yellowish, swollen above; transverse area between bases of

antennz broadly blackish; vertex darkish, especially along margin ;

clypeus yellow; mouth-parts including palpi darkish; antenna black.

Prothorax yellowish with blackish hairs; side and hind margin

blackish. Meso- and metathorax blackish ; lobes much swollen.

Legs pale, sometimes fuscous ; coxa I with a crooked spur ; claws

serrate internally.

Abdomen black with pale hairs, the last segment being especially

hairy; boat-shaped female organ of

usual structure.

Forewing acute at apex; neura-

tion mostly blackish, subcosta yellow-

ish, radius also yellowish but partly

Fig. 3. blackish, a few cross-veins narrowly

Coxa I of Osmylus Pryert ML. 20 x. margined with grey or fuscous; inner

514 WARO NAKAHARA:

marginal and apical areas clouded with fuscous or grey ; a few fuscous

spots along posterior side of radius.

Costal cross-veins mostly furcate, excepting those at base of wing;

radial sector with ten branches; two series of gradate veins complete

and nearly parallel.

Hindwing colorless and hyaline, excepting brown pterostigma.

Measurements :

Length of body ........ een 14 mm.

De 35° FOFEWINIOHI SRE. CE SR rae ehh

Width of % MATTI eo VOLS

Length of thindwingw. ario. RE: RE 2383

Hab.: A single specimen captured at Nikko(?) is in the collection

of the Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station, Tokyo.

Also a single specimen captured at Hikage, Prov. Mino, is in the

collection of the Nawa Entomological Laboratory, Gifu.

Further, two specimens from Kamiköchi, Prov. Shinano, captured

by Mr. S. Kawai, and from Tokura, Prov. Kozuke, captured by me,

are in my own collection.

Remark: The Nikko(?), Hikage, and Tokura specimens agree

very well with the original description in wing-markings, while the

Kamiköchi specimen deviates from it in the much restricted markings

of wings. In the specimen just referred to, the inner marginal area is

not uniformly greyish fuscous, but is irregularly clouded with that

color ; the ill-defined irregular line running to the wing apex is broken

up into pieces, though it is not difficult to trace.

Osmylus decoratus n. sp. Figs. 4—7.

Head yellow with a fuscous x-shaped mark between antenna;

vertex exceedingly swollen; ocelli dark brown; two very minute

tubercles behind ocelli; frons and clypeus yellowish; palpi with most

joints nearly equal in length; antennz deep black with few hairs.

Prothorax blackish, with a broad longitudinal median band of

ON THE OSMYLIN OF JAPAN. 515

yellow above; numerous long hairs on both sides. Meso- and meta-

thorax blackish ; scutellum and postscutellum somewhat yellowish.

Legs pale yellow with concolorous hairs, terminal tarsal joint

marked with blackish brown ; claws usually strongly serrate internally ;

coxa I with a short spur, which is directed distinctly upwards and is

dilated at apex.

Figs. 4—7.

Osmylus decoratus n. sp.

4, Coxa I, 20 x. 5, Male genitalia, 10 x. 6, Female genitalia, 10 x.

7, Boat-shaped apparatus of female, 15 x ;

a, seen from below; 2, seen from above.

Abdomen black, with pale yellow hairs; apex yellowish ; ventral

side spotted with yellow. The last segment in the female very short,

split below; boat-shaped organ suspended from the gth segment by a

single sclerite and a somewhat flexible membrane; bilobed at both

anterior and posterior ends; the posterior end with two palps on tip

of the lobes; marginal area turned downward so as to give the organ

516 WARO NAKAHARA:

a boat-like shape. In the male, there exist two slender lobes (which are

variable in size and shape, and appear to be slender free sacs of an |

unknown character) at the base of suranal plate; besides, there are

two pairs of appendages arising from the last abdominal segment.

Forewing elongate and broad ; neuration mostly black but partly

pale; subcosta and radius pale yellow; inner marginal area irregularly

clouded with grey, causing pale and dark spaces; some darkish spots

on pterostigma and near apex; a single darkish spot on disk.

Nearly all costal cross-veins furcate, and several of those at base

are united by a short cross-vein; radial sector with 12-16 branches ;

discal cross-veins numerous and irregular in arrangement; discal cells

hexagonal or quadrate, becoming very much elongate towards outer

margin.

Hindwing hyaline with dark markings on pterostigma; inner

marginal area slightly clouded with pale grey.

Measurements :

Length ‚of body... ha nee 13—15 mm.

5 HRIDLEWINE (e CCE 52120 —37 %,

Width of Ty a) ONE IO—I0.5 5,

Lenoth of hindwing eens or cere 23—24 ,,

Hab.: Kusakimura, Prov. Harima ; two pairs (3 $), Mr. Iguchi coll.

Prov. Wakasa, a single female specimen, Mr. Isaki coll.

Prov. Chikugo, Kiushiu, a single male specimen, Mr.

Takamuku coll.

All the above six specimens are in my collection.

Remark: This species is closely allied to O. Zessellatus and O.

hyalinatus, but is distinguishable from both these by markings of head

and prothorax, structure of coxa I, etc.

Osmylus hyalinatus MacLachlan, Fig. 8.

Osmylus hyalinatus M’Lachlan, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ii, p. 181

(1875).

ON THE OSMYLINZ OF JAPAN. 517

Plethosmylus hyalinatus Krüger, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 74 Jg., p. 274

(1913).

Head bright yellow without marking; mouth-parts and clypeus

somewhat darker; ocelli minute and placed very close together ;

antenne black.

Prothorax blackish, variegated with yellow; above three some-

what yellowish longitudinal lines, of which the median is the broadest.

Meso- and metathorax fuscous black with pale hairs.

Legs pale yellow; tarsal joints suffused with fuscous; claws

commonly serrate internally, rarely without the serration; coxa I has

a rather long spur which is however not so long as in O. maculatus

of Europe.

Abdomen blackish with pale hairs, yellowish at apex. The boat-

shaped organ depending from the last abd. segment in the female

yellowish, more or less darker along the margin.

Forewing broad, subacute at

apex, hyaline with a grey tinge ;

commonly without spot, sometimes

with a small discal spot and some

more spots near apex; outer series

of gradate veinlets often narrowly

Fig. 8. margined with faint fuscous ; inner

Coxa I of Osmylus hyaiinatus

marginal area occasionally clouded.

M’L. 20 x.

Pterostigma with some dark fuscous

spots. Neuration mostly blackish or fuscous; subcosta and radius

yellowish, though sometimes pale or dark greyish.

Most costal cross-veins are furcate, except several basal ones,

which are simple; here and there two adjoining furcate veins cross

each other or are united by a short cross-vein; radial sector with

10-14 branches; two series of gradate veinlets complete and nearly

parallel.

Hindwing hyaline, with brownish pterostigma.

518 WARO NAKAHARA:

Measurements :

Length tof body». i Ss eee eee 12—15 mm.

i yl forewing! CU een eae 21—26 ,,.

Width of 39 PS RETE, RANCE 8—10 ,,

ength ef hindwine, ae eee eee 18—22 ,,

Hab.: Of this species, a large number of specimens were received

by me from the following localities :

Sapporo, Hokkaido, Mr. H. Okamoto coll.

Kamikochi, Prov. Shinano, Mr. S. Kawai coll.

Mt. Ibuki, Prov. Omi, Mr. S. Yamamura coll.

Prov. Wakasa, Mr. I. Isaki coll.

Prov. Harima, Mr. S. Iguchi coll.

Matsuyama, Prov. Iyo, Messrs. T. Nagai & Takahashi coll.

Kyoto, and Tottori, Prov. Inaba, Mr. A. Nohira coll.

Further, a series of specimens from various localities on the main

island of Japan is contained in the collection of the Imperial Agricul-

tural Experiment Station, Tokyo. They were kindly shown me by

Dr. T. Miyake.

Remark: So far as the wing-markings go, this species is very

near to O. decoratus.

The prothorax in the Kamiköchi specimens shows a coloration

variegated with deep black, on which account I have at first doubted

if those specimens did not represent a species distinct from O. kyalinatus.

P.S. While this paper was under press, I have received Mr.

Okamoto’s paper “Zwei neue Arten der japanischen Osmyliden,” Ent.

Mitt, Band iii, Nr. 1, Jan. ’14. To my regret, I can not accept the

two species described by him as new under the names of Osmylus

(Lysmus) japonicus and O. (L.) nipponensis. In my view they are

identical with Spzlosmylus tuberculatus (Walker) and S. nikkoénsis

(Navas) respectively.

On a new Epicaridan Isopod

(Athelges takanoshimensis sp. nov.) from Eupagurus

samuelis Stimp.

S. Ishii, Rigakushi.

With Plate VI.

During last summer, while staying at Takanoshima, an islet near

the entrance to the gulf of Tokyo, my attention was called to an

Epicaridan Isopod belonging to the genus Athelges and found parasi-

tic on hermit-crabs which were kindly determined for me by Mr.

Terao to be Zupagurus samuelis Stimps. On study, the Athelges

turned out to represent a species which seems to be new to science.

I propose to call it A. zakanoshimensis.

As in other Epicarids, the species shows marked sexual dimor-

phism. The male is, as compared with the female, of a very

diminutive size besides being of a very different appearance, and is

usually found clinging to the metasome of the female in the manner

of a parasite,

1. Adult female.

The female is found attached, by means of its prehensile legs, to

the anterior part of the dorsal surface of the metasome of the host,

It stands in contact with the host surface by the entire extent of its

dorsal mesosome surface. Consequently, all the prehensile legs are

more or less twisted and dorsally directed. The marked concaveness

of the dorsal surface is due to the above mode of attachment. All

the females were invariably found with the head directed backwards

in relation to the host body.

520 S. ISHII,

Measurements taken from 3 female specimens are as follows:

Body without tail.

Spec. Width in the widest part Length of tail.

Legth.

of mesosome.

A 5mm. 3,5 mm. 3,5 mm.

B ita 5 »

E 6 ” 3,5 ” 4 »

Cephalon. The cephalon is small and of a roundish shape. In

specimen C, it is 0,8 mm. long and about as wide. It is deeply sunk

into the mesosome, and can be seen only from the dorsal side after

detachment from the host. Eyes are present in a pair in the anterior

part of the cephalon. They are feebly developed and usually not

clearly visible from the outside, being more or less concealed under

adjacent legs. There are two pairs of rudimentary antenna. Measure-

ments of them taken from specimen C are as follows:

First or inner antennz (3-jointed) :

Basal joint, 0,140 mm. long, 0,140 mm, thick.

Middle, "0,048 mm... ,„ »oO,O40 mms =,

Second or outer antenna (7-jointed)” :

Basal Joint, 22. : te armer ee ;

2nd joint, 0,160 mm. long, 0,080 mm. thick.

ard“ „ ' 0o84mm.. „ 0,000am, 5,

4th, oe72mm ..,,. C042 mnie 5,

5th *,, .0032 mm. 3, N O,O24 ming .,

Oth 5,5 0,032 mm. 4, COLO mini ay,

7th „ 0,010mm. ,, 0,008mm. _ ,,

1) In one case, one of the second antennze was observed to be 5-jointed.

ON A NEW EPICARIDAN ISOPOD. 521

Each joint is provided with a greater or less number of short

stiff hairs, which decrease in length from distal towards proximal joints.

The surface of proximal joints is beset with numerous minute spinous.

processes.

The mouth is guarded by a pair of mandibles, which are provided

in the distal parts with minute curved hooks. These hooks are found

on both inner and outer sides of the mouth opening (PI. VII, Fig. 3).

The maxillipeds are lamellar. Each is composed of two segments,

of which the anterior is larger than the posterior. The anterior

segment is anteriorly usually rounded, but sometimes narrowed and

obtusely pointed ; without hairs; posterior outer margin concave, with

two powerful muscles attached close to it; two short beak-like projec-

tions may be seen at the outer border. Anterior end of the posterior

segment is elongate and acutely pointed, overwrapping the anterior

segment at base. No epignath was observed.

Mesosome. Mesosome segments are best defined along the median

line of the dorsal surface. The first segment is very narrow and

band-like, flanking the cephaion on sides, Length of each mesosome

segment in specimen C, as follows.

Ist or foremost segment, 0,1 mm.

2nd segment, 0,3 mm.

3rd È 0,5 mm.

4th SE 0,6 mm.

sth ss 0,8 mm.

6th 7 0,8 mm.

7th or hindmost segment, 0,8 mm.

Sars seems to consider the assymmetry of body in adultfe male

Athelges to constitute one of the characteristic features of the genus.

At a place he remarks: “ The peculiar contortion of the body in fully

grown female specimens has not yet been sufficiently recognized, for

the species have generally been described as perfectly symmetrical or

nearly so, an appearance which is only exhibited by immature

$22 S. ISHII:

specimens.” » In the specimens before me, the greater parts of the

mesosome does not exhibit contortion to any marked degree, though

in the hindmost parts a slight twisting, corresponding to that of the

metasome, may often be noticed.

Thoracic legs. There are seven pairs of thoracic legs, arranged

along sides of the body on the dorsal aspect. They are all prehensile

in function and similar in structure. Legs of the first pair are the

smallest, those of the second not so large as any other of the more

posterior pairs. Each leg is composed of apparently five joints,” not

including the coxal piece; of the joints the two proximal ones are

the longest, the third and fourth of a medium size, and the fifth the

smallest. The fourth is of a somewhat ovoid outline ; a set of two power-

ful muscles is seen arising from one end and converging towards the

base of the fifth joint, which is of a beak-like appearance and together

with the fourth forms a chelate arrangement. The cuticula of the

fourth joint is, in the parts which come in contact with the beak-like

fifth joint in the depressed state, is considerably thickened, and more-

over presents a more or less roughened surface, The distal end of the

third joint is provided with a number of minute obtusely pointed

cuticular processes (Pl. VII Fig. 5, c.p.). The third and fourth joints

seem to be firmly jointed together. No conspicuous muscle seems to

occur in the third joint. Measurements of the right leg of the sixth

pair from specimen C, as follows:

1) G. O. Sars,—“ An account of the crustacea of Norway,” vol. 2, Isopoda, p. 210,

1899.

2) According to the figures given by G. O. Sars (doc. cit.), it seems that the legs in

Athelges paguri (Rathke) are six-jointed. Sars also represents six-jointed legs for other

Epicaridan parasites. The third and fourth joints as represented in the figures of Sars

together seem to correspond to the single third joint of my specimens. There exists a

constriction near the middle of this joint; it is less marked in the male than in the female

(Pl. VII Fig. 5). It probably indicates the origin of the joint by fusion of two originally

separate segments. The third joint is possibly a combination of carpus and meros, while

the first joint corresponds to the basos of an ordinary Isopod leg.

ON A NEW EPICARIDAN ISOPOD. 523

Length. Width.

Ist or proximal joint, 0,455 mm. 0,327 mm.

2nd joint, 0,419 mm. 0,218 mm.

ad 5 0,255 mm. 0,164 mm.

Athy sais. 0,291 mm. 0,164 mm.

Exposed length of the beak-like fifth joint, 0,091 mm.

Marsupial plates. Of marsupial plates there are five pairs,

Those of the first or foremost pair are of a somewhat complicated

structure and differ considerably in shape from all the other, each

plate of that pair being made up of two parts, the anterior and the

posterior, divided from each other by a distinct constriction (Pl. VII

Fig. 6). The anterior part is much the larger, it is folded so as to

present a small dorsal and a large ventral lobe. It is by the post-

erior inner margin of the former that the plate is attached to the body.

The posterior part of the plate is relatively small and narrow, its

posterior inner margin is provided with a series of a few (five or six)

short hair-like processes. The folded edge of the anterior part is

exposed to the outside, projecting far beyond the anterior end of the

animal, while all the remaining parts are hidden under the following

pairs of marsupial plates. Plates of the second pair are simple, each

presenting a more or less cup-like form; the anterior margin is concave,

while both the inner and posterior margins are slightly convex. The

posterior margin as well as a part of the inner and outer margin are

provided with a series of short hair-like processes. The plate is

attached to the body by a part of its outer border, and is completely

covered over by the next pair, so that it is not at all visible on the

outside, The third, fourth and fifth pairs are generally similar to the

second in shape. However, in all these pairs the anterior margin of

the plates is not concave as in the second; on the contrary, it is

slightly convex. The hair-like processes on the posterior margin of

the fifth pair are considerably longer than those of other pairs. The

marsupial plates gradually increase in size with every pair posteriorly,

524 S. ISHIT:

the foremost being the smallest and the hindmost the largest. The

convexity of the plates also increases gradually in the more posteriorly

situated ones, the fifth pair being in part so vaulted as to present an

almost pouch-like appearance.

Metasome. The body is abruptly narrowed at the somewhat

cylindrical metasome, which thus stands in conspicuous contrast with

the massive mesosome. At base rather thick, it gradually tapers

distally, finally to terminate with a clavate end-piece. The metasome

is usually slightly bent towards the left side of body. It is fairly

distinctly segmented, showing six segments inclusive of the clavate

end-piece.» Appendages of the metasome or the pleopods are present

in only four pairs, the two hindmost segments being devoid of any

appendage. The pleopod is attached to the posterior part of the

segment it belongs to, and is composed of two ovate or subcircular

plates, each with a short stalk and both connected by a short common

stalk to the metasome. The size of pleopod is usually larger in

anterior than in posterior pairs. All the pleopods seem to be of

respiratory nature. Measurements of the metasome taken from specimen

A are as follows:

Length of entire metasome, 3,5 mm.

Thickness at base, 0,8 mm.

Length of the two distal segments without appendages taken

together, 1,31 mm.

Pleopod of the Ist pair,

Length including stalk. Width.

One of the plates 1,037 mm. 0,651 mm.

The other plate 0,946 mm. 0,688 mm.

1) Sars states of the genus A?%e/ges in general that the metasome consists apparently

of only 5 segments, and that the last 2 segments are united to a narrow, more or less

claviform piece, although he figures 6-segmented metasome for Athelges tenuicaudis G. O.

Sars (Joc. cit. pp. 209, 210, and PI. 89).

ON A NEW EPICARIDAN ISOPOD. 525

Pleopod of the fouth pair,

Length including stalk. Width,

One of the plates 0,801 mm. 0,400 mm.

The other plate 0,783 mm. 0,491 mm.

No uropod exists. Sometimes, but not always, two or four knob-like

tubercles are observed near tip of the distalmost segment, which

tubercles were considered by Sars to be the rudiments of uropods.”

2. Adult male.

The adult male has thick body of an oblong outline, usually

somewhat convex dorsally and concave ventrally. It is of a whitish

colour, Measurements of a male taken from the female specimen B,

as follows:

Length of cepalon, 0,255 mm.

Length of mesosome, 1,474 mm.

Length of metasome, 0,692 mm.

Greatest width of body, 0,855 mm.

The cephalon is somewhat halfmoon-shaped. There exists on the

dorsal surface a pair of distinct but irregularly outlined eyes, widely

apart from each other and situated near the posterior margin of cephalon.

In one specimen I have observed a pair of small and shallow depres-

sions situated near the middle of the dorsal surface of cephalon;

each of them presented a somewhat reniform shape measuring 724 in

length and lying obliquely so as to be nearly parallel with the side

of cephalon.

The antennz are short and usually hidden under the cephalon,

except the tips of the second pair. The very short first antenne are

composed of three joints. The second are slightly longer, and consist

I) Joc. cit. p. 200.

526 S. ISHII:

usually of seven joints, of which the distal three are very minute and

bead-like. In the male taken from the female specimen B, I have

observed that the right second antenna was made up of eight joints

of which four were bead-like, while the left side one exhibited only

seven joints as usual, a fact which stands in accord with what

Thielemann® has stated for Isopods generally to the effect that even

in one and the same individual the antenna of both sides are mostly

somewhat, often strongly, assymmetrically developed. Lengths of right

side antenna of the male just referred to are: first antenna 0,118 mm.

and second antenna 0,272 mm. (both exclusive of hairs). The basal

joint of second antenna is without hairs, the second shows one or two

short hairs near its antero-distal end; other joints of that antenna, as

also all the joints of the first, are provided with a variable number of

short hairs at their disal end.

The mouth parts project under the base of antenna as a prominent

conical process, at the tip of which the styliform ends of mandibles

may be seen. The free end of the mandible seems to become corni-

fied, and is of a brownish colour. It is pointed and very slender,

having a thickness of only 34 near tip.

The mesosome is distinctly segmented, the segments being separated

from one another by deep incisions in the lateral parts. There are seven

segments in all. ‘These are of much the same appearance, except in the

fact that those nearer to both the cephalon and the metasome are

somewhat smaller than those in the middle. Measurements of mesosome

segments in the male taken from the female specimen B are as follows:

Length. Width.

Ist or the foremost segment of mesosome, 0,164 mm. 0,692 mm.

2nd segment of mesosome, 0,182 mm. 0,783 mm.

3rd ») „ x 0,237 mm. 0,837 mm.

4th A 5a 3 0,218 mm. 0,855 mm.

5th 5 5 A 0,218 mm. 0,801 mm.

1) Thielemann,—“ Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Isopodenfauna Ostasiens,” p. 6, 1910

ON A NEW EPICARIDAN ISOPOD. 527

Length. Width.

6th segment of mesosome, 0,237 mm. 0,746 mm.

7th re = 5 0,218 mm. 0,655 mm.

Each segment of the mesosome has a pair of legs. The leg is

much like that of females in structure. As in these it is composed of

five joints exclusive of the coxal piece, of which the first, the second

and the fourth are larger than the third and the fifth. The fourth is of

, an oval outline and forms a chela with the claw-like fifth joint. The

fourth joint shows at the proximal end a few (some seven or eight)

short tooth-like processes varying from 4 to 8% in length. The third

joint has a few minute spinous processes near the distal end and a

single similar process near the middle. Measurements of the fourth

left leg of the male taken from the female specimen B are as follows :

Length of the Ist or proximal joint, 0,220 mm.

Length of the 2nd joint, 0,160 mm.

Length of the 3rd joint, 0,076 mm.

Length (longest diameter) of the 4th joint, 0,196 mm.

Length of the exposed claw of the fifth joint, 0,060 mm.

The metasome is small and not divided, all the segments com-

posing it being completely coalesced into a single plate-like urus. It

is of a triangular shape, attached with base to the mesosome. The

posterior end is obtusely pointed, and here the small anal opening is

situated. No appendages exist on the metasome. Along each side on

the ventral surface there stand at intervals three or four short hairs ;

besides, near the posterior end, there is a group of similar hairs,

Also on the dorsal surface hairs are present in similar arrangement ;

only a posterior group of them is wanting. (The cephalon and the

mesosome are also sparsely covered with hairs of the same kind.)

The eggs are generally spherical in shape, though often modified

into polygonal as the result of mutual pressure in the brood chamber.

They measure on an average 0,168 mm. in diameter. They occur in

the brood chamber in a very large number.

528 SETISENO

3. Larva.

In the brood chamber of an adult female I have discovered a

number of larve in the Microniscus-stage. Measurements of an

average sized larva:

Total length of body, 0,280 mm.

Length of cephalon, 0,068 mm.

Breadth of cephalon, 0,160 mm.

Length of mesosome, 0,128 mm.

Breadth of mesosome, 0,156 mm.

Length of metasome, 0,084 mm.

The cephalon is halfmoon-shaped. It exhibits on the dorsal

surface a number of variously sized brownish-black spots, arranged in

an irregular group near the posterior margin (Pl. VII Fig. 10). Similar

but smaller spots are also present on the mesosome. I could not

however find distinct eyes such as were figured by Sars” for the

embryo of Phryxus abdominalis (Kroyer) and for Microniscus. The

first antenna is short and is usually antero-laterally directed. It

consists of three joints and has a length of 0,024mm. excepting the

hairs. The second antenna is longer than the first, having a length

of 0,280 mm. ; it is usually posteriorly directed. It is provided with a

long distal flagellum and six short proximal joints, of which the two

distalmost are more slender than the rest. At base of flagellum, there

often exists a bristle of some length beset with a few minute spinous

processes on one side, In many specimens the fourth joint also shows

a long bristle at the distal end. The mouth is situated on a small

elevation between bases of antenne. It is guarded by two pairs of

appendages yet weakly developed.

The mesosome is distinctly segmented, being composed of seven

similar segments, There are six pairs of legs. Each leg is composed

of five joints excepting coxal piece and is of a similar structure and

1) Zoc. cit. Pl. 9x and 92.

ON A NEW EPICARIDAN ISOPOD. 529

appearance as that of the adult, except in being generally somewhat

more slender. The fourth joint is ovoid in shape; the fifth is claw-

like and comparatively very thin and long. Legs of the posteriormost

one or two pairs are usually slightly smaller in size than more ante-

riorly situated ones. Measurements taken from the first left leg of a

larva are as follows:

Length of Ist or proximal joint, 0,040 mm.

Length of 2nd joint, 0,026 mm.

Length of 3rd joint, 0,012 mm.

Length of 4th joint, 0,034 mm.

Length of exposed claw, 0,024 mm.

The metasome is somewhat smaller than the mesosome. Its

posterior end is broadly rounded, excepting the presence of a short

median process. It consists of six segments, but is not so distinctly

segmented as in the mesosome. There exist five pairs of well de-

veloped pleopods, each of which bifurcates into a ventral and a dorsal

ramus, the former usually having a single long bristle and the latter

two or more of same. The dorsal ramus is articulated to the basal

joint, while the ventral one represents only an off-shoot of the latter.

The bristles of pleopods are about 76, long. The uropod is large and

powerful, with two equally long branches, each measuring 0,104 mm.

in length.

Tokyo, Oct. 25, 1912.

530

Explanation of Plate VII.

Reference letters.

Z.a. First antenna. 7z./. First leg. 7.7.4. First marsupial plate.

2. a. Second antenna. 3. Third joint. 3.7.2. Third marsupial plate.

4. Fourth joint. 5.1.9. Fifth marsupial plate. 7./ Seventh leg.

a.p. Anterior part. a.s. Anterior segment. cep. Cephalon. c.k. Curved

hooks. cl. Claw. c.f. Cuticular processes. 4.5. Dorsal lobe. e. Eye.

Z. Legs. m. Muscles. 72.0. Mouth opening. 7.9. Mouth part. ms.

Mesosome. mt. Metasome. / Pleopods. 2.p. Posterior part. 2.s.

Posterior segment. 7.4. Tooth-like processes. wf. Uropod. wr. Urus.

v.l. Ventral lobe.

Plate VII.

Fig. 1.— Adult female, dorsal view. ca. x 7.

Fig. 2.—Adult female, ventral view. ca. x 7.

Fig. 3.—Mouth of the female specimen C, ventral view. x 280.

Fig. 4.—Left side maxilliped of an adult female. x 39.

Fig, 5.—Terminal portion of sixth rigtht leg of the female speci-

men! Cl x 130!

Fig. 6.—First left side marsupial plate of an adult female, dorsal

view. X28.

Fig. 7.—Adult male, dorsal view. x 28.

Fig. 8.—Ventral surface of head of the male, taken from the

female specimen B, showing its antenne and the mouth part. x 28.

Fig. 9.—Fourth left side leg of the male from the female specimen

B 3x 130:

Fig. 10.—Microniscus larva, taken from marsupial chamber of a

female, dorsal view. x 130. ,

Fig. 11.—Ventral surface of head of a larva. x 180.

NOTES ON JAPANESE PROTOZOA

with Figures and Descriptions of New and

Rare Species.”

C. H. Edmondson and R. H. Kingman.

With Plate VIII.

The fresh-waters of Japan afford a wonderful opportunity for the

enthusiastic microscopist. Conditions under which simple organisms.

thrive are not wanting anywhere in that country. Flooded rice fields

of the lowlands, cool mountain streams and innumerable lakes, large

and small, are teeming with low plant and animal forms.

To what extent systematic study of the microscopic fauna and

flora of the waters of Japan has progressed, under the direction of the

eminent biologists of that county, the writers of this article are not

able to state.

With a view of determining the species of Protozoa characteristic

of Japan and comparing them with the American forms, microscopic

studies were carried on by C. H. Edmondson during July and August,

1912, in various parts of the main island. Beginning with Kobe,

observations were made through the central and eastern sections of

the country and as far north as Lake Chuzenji.

Material was gathered from rice fields, small pools, streams and

lakes. Collections were made from the following large lakes: Lake

Biwa, altitude above sea level 328 ft.; Lake Hakone, altitude 2,378

ft,; Lake Chuzenji, altitude 4,375 ft. Since the survey covered a wide

1) This paper appeared originally in the Transactions of the American Microscopical

Society, vol. XXXII, pp. 93-102, 1913, and is here reproduced with permission of the

authors.

532 C. H. EDMONDSON AND KR. H. KINGMAN,

territory with considerable variation in local conditions as well as in

altitude, the list of species embodied in this brief report may we

represent the characteristic unicellular fauna of the entire country.

The portion of the article concerned with Rhizopoda is largely a result

of the work of R. H. Kingman, a student of zoology, who identified

and studied many forms from preserved material. By comparing the

list which follows with numerous local records of observers in America

and other parts of the world one sees some added evidence of the

wide distribution of many species of Protozoa.

The accompanying figures, prepared by Mr. Kingman from per-

manent mounts, represent new, or rare species of Rhizopods or forms

showing considerable variation.

Phylum PROTOZOA: Subphylum SARCODINA :

Class RHIZOPODA Subclass AMOEBEA.

Order GYMNAMOEBIDA.

Family Amoebide.

Amaba Ehrenberg. A. proteus Leidy; A. guttula Duj.; A. sphae-

ronucleus Greef; A. striata Penard; A. radiosa Ehr.; A. saphrina

Penard.

The species of this genus were not common in any locality.

Material from Myoho-in Temple grounds, Kyoto, furnished the best

examples. Large individuals of A. radiosa were taken from Lake

Hakone.

Hyalodiscus Hertwig and Lesser. 7. rubicundus H. and L.

But one individual was observed. A very typical form, reddish-

brown in color. From a rice field, Kyoto.

Arcella Ehrenberg. A. vulgaris Ehr.; A. discoides Ehr.; A. costata

Ehr.; A. arenaria Greef.

Of the above species A. vulgaris is the more widely distributed

NOTES ON JAPANESE PROTOZOA. 533

in Japan. Lake Chuzenji and the region of Kyoto furnished the

best material.

Centropyxis Stein. C. aculeata Stein.

Found in all localities, Very abundant in Lake Hakone. Great

variation in size occurs in this species and some very large forms

were observed.

Pixidicula Ehrenberg. P. cymbalum Penard.

A species rarely observed. Found in material from Lake Hakone.

Lecquereusia Schlumberger. L. spiralis Ehr. (figs. 1-3); L. modesta

Rhumbler (fig. 4).

These two species are widely distributed in Japan, the former

being much more abundant. In the typical Z. spiralis the aperture

is usualy directed obliquely toward one side with a prominent hump

at the outer base of the neck. In the common form in Japan the

aperture is directed almost straight forward, in very rare cases there

being a slight prominence at the base of the neck. Common in

Lake Hakone. Typical examples of Z. modesta were found in

lakes on Mt. Rokkozan.

L. epistomium Penard, a common species of the high lakes of

Colorado, was not observed in Japan.

Diflugia Leclerc. D. pyriformis Perty; D. lobostoma Leidy ; D.

constricta Leidy ; D. acuminata Ehr.; D. tuberculata Wallich; 2.

lebes Penard; D. bacillariarum Perty (fig. 5); D. elegans Penard

(fig. 6).

Of the species of Diflugia in Japan, D. elegans is apparently the

most common. It is widely distributed and shows a great range

of variation. D. lebes, not uncommon in some of the lakes of

Colorado, was observed but once, in material from the bottom of

Lake Hakone.

Pontigulasia Rhumbler. P. spectabilis Penard.

But one individual observed. From Lake Hakone. A very typical

form.

534 C. H. EDMONDSON AND R. H. KINGMAN.

Quadrulella Cockerell. Q. symmetrica Schultze; Q. symmetrica var.

curvata Wailes (fig. 7).

Very typical forms of the species were taken from shallow lakes

on Mt. Rokkozan. The variety, observed but once, was found in

Lake Hakone.

Nebela Leidy. N. collaris Leidy; N. crenulala Penardj N. hippo-

crepis Leidy (figs. 8, 9); N. triangulata Lang (figs. 10-14).

In the material collected in Japan species of Mebela were very

rare.

There can be no reason to believe, however, that the genus is

not well represented in that country. One individual of the rare

species, N. hippocrepis, was found in material from Mt. Rokkozan.

In the ooze from the rocks along the shore of Lake Hakone and

from the border of a shallow lake on Mt. Rokkozan was found a

species which is here listed under the name N. ¢riangulata Lang.

The Japan species resembles, in some particulars, Vebela bipes

Carter, as described in Clare Island Survey, Part 65, by Wailes

and Penard, and may represent an intermediate form between JV,

triangulata and N. bipes.

In the Japan form the shell is very transparent, compresed,

irregular in outline with the fundus region inflated in an asymmet-

rical manner. The aperture is slightly oval.

Great variation exists in the form of the shell and in the arrange-

ment of the plates. In some the plates are circular. or oval,

distinctly separated from each other with the ground substance of

the shell intervening. In others the plates are closely crowded

together and very irregular in outline, while in some the plates are

regular in outline but distinctly overlap each other. To

The irregular inflation of the fundus is a characteristic feature.

Usually the posterior lateral borders are expanded into lobes of

variable size. In some these prolongations are pointed as in N.

bipes, but more often they are blunt or rounded. Occasionally the

NOTES ON JAPANESE PROTOZOA. 535

fundus is truncated posteriorly, sometimes it is strongly concave.

The extensions of the fundus are seldom uniform on the two sides

of the shell and are never the same in two individuals Usually the

narrow view of the shell presents an irregular outline. The com-

pression of the shell is seldom uniform, but is always stronger at

the fundus border,

The size of the Japanese form ranges from 80 to 1004 in length,

including the prolongations of the fundus; from 60 to 80m in breadth

of fundus and from 28 to 60% in the long diameter of the aperture.

No living individuals were observed. i

Heleopera Leidy. H. picta Leidy.

Material from Mt. Rokkozan furnished the only species of the

genus observed. Under high power the plates are seen to be

circular, slightly overlapping. Little foreign material is attached to

the shell. i |

Phryganella Penard. P. hemisphaerica Penard.

Frequently observed in many localities.

Campascus Leidy. C. dentatus, sp. nov. (figs. 15-18).

In 1877 Leidy discovered Campascus cornutus in China Lake,

Wyoming, at an altitude of 10,000 feet. Apparently the species

has not been observed since that time.

More recently Penard described two species of the genus, Cam-

pascus triqueter and Campascus minutus, from the deep lakes of

Switzerland. In both species described by Penard the fundus is

without the horn-like prolongations of the form observed by Leidy.

Campascus minutus was reported by Wailes in 1912 from the New

York water-supply drawn from Croton Lake Reservoir.

The form under consideration, which is apparently a new species,

was found in the ooze taken from the rocks along the shore of Lake

Hakone, Japan, in August, 1912.

The description follows: Shell of yellowish, chitinoid material

similar in general outline to Campascus cornutus. Under high power

536 C. H. EDMONDSON AND R. H. KINGMAN.

the shell has the appearance of being distinctly punctate. In some

individuals the punctae are arranged in a regular diagonal manner,

in others there is no regularity about the arrangement. In no

specimens examined can outlines of plates be detected even with

the oil immersion lens,

The neck is short and sharply bent, nearly at right angles to the

long axis of the shell. The circular aperture is bordered by a thin

delicate membrane of approximately 44 in breadth.

A number of short, blunt, tooth-like prolongations are present on

the posterior border of the fundus. From three to seven of these

processes are usually present. They vary in size and when numerous

give an irregular, crenulated appearance to the posterior edge of the

fundus, when the broad side of the shell is viewed.

In Leidy’s species the two horns are directed laterally and pos-

teriorly, their tips not projecting beyond the posterior border, giving

the fundus a rounded outline when the narrow side of the shell is

observed. In this species the teeth-like points are directed backward

and project beyond the border, giving the fundus the appearance of

terminating in a spine when the narrow side of the shell is seen.

Leidy records the size of Campascus cornutus as ranging from

0.112 mm. to 0.14 mm. long by 0.18 mm. broad.

This species of Japan is much smaller. The length of the shell,

including the spines and the collar about the aperture, ranges from

60 to 804. Breadth of fundus from 50 to 66y.

Greatest thickness, narrow view, 284. Aperture 124 in diameter.

The living organism was not observed.

Paulinella Lauterborn. P. chromatophora Lauterborn (fig. 19).

Empty shells of this very minute form were found in material

from the bottom of Lake Hakone and also from shallow lakes on

Mt. Rokkozan. The shell is composed of five longitudinal rows of

plates and possesses a short neck. The Japan form is very

typical.

NOTES ON JAPANESE PROTOZOA, 537

Cyphoderia Schlumberger. C. ampulla Ehr.; C. ampulla var. papil-

lata Wailes.

The species is very common in Lake Hakone and was found in

other localities. Considerable variation in size and also in the

arrangement of plates occurs, The plates are usually placed in

diagonal rows, but this regularity is not always maintained,

The variety was observed but once and that in material from

Lake Hakone.

Sphenoderia Schlumberger. S. Zenta Schlumb,

Very widely distributed and also very common in Japan. The

only species of the genus to be determined.

Euglypha Dujardin, £. alveolata Du). ; E. brachiata Leidy ; E. filifera

Penard; Æ. laevis Perty; £. ciliata Ehr.; E. armata Wailes.

A few species of this genus are very abundant in Lake Hakone

as well as in other localities. Two species, £. filifera and E. ciliata

were rarely observed, the others mentioned are common,

Assulina Ehrenberg. A. seminulum Ehr.

Observed in material from Kyoto. A very typical form, choco-

late-brown in color, ;

Plagiopyxis Penard. P. callida Penard.

Identified in material from Kyoto. Not common.

Trinema Dujardin, TZ: enchelys Ehr.; 7. lineare Penard; T: campla-

natum Penard.

The genus represented by 7. enchelys is very common in many

localities. The other two species were rarely observed.

Class ACTINOPODA. Subclass HELIOZOA.

Order APHROTHORACIDA.

Actinophrys Ehrenberg. A. sol Ehr,

Observed in great abundance at Kyoto; rarely seen in other

localities.

538 C. H. EDMONDSON AND R. H. KINGMAN.

The following list is a record of the species of Mastigophora and

Infusoria identified in material taken from tbe fresh waters of Japan.

Flagellates and ciliates are very abundant in that country, as

elsewhere, and the small number of species here listed indicates

brevity of observation rather than any dearth in protozoan fauna.

The remarkable thing to be noticed is the identity of the Japanese

forms with our common American species,

Subphylum MASTIGOPHORA :

Class ZOOMASTIGOPHORA.

Order HETEROMASTIGOPHORA.

Notosolenus Stokes. MN. orbicularis Stokes.

Anisonema Dujardin. A. acinus Duj.

Order MONADIDA.

Anthophysa Bory d. St. Vincent. A. vegetans Müll.

Order EUGLENIDA.

Euglena Ehrenberg. £. viridis Ehr.; E. deses Ehr.; E. acus Ehr.

Phacus Dujardin. P. pleuronectes Mill.; P. longicaudus Ehr.

Trachelomonas Ehrenberg. 7. hispida Stein; 7. volvocina Ehr.; 7.

armata Stein.

Astasia Ehrenberg. A. trichophora Ehr.

Distigma Ehrenberg. D. proteus Ehr.

NOTES ON JAPANESE PROTOZOA. 539

Subphylum INFUSORIA :

Class CILIATA.

Order HCLOTRICHIDA.

Coleps Ehrenberg. C. hirtus Ehr.

Lacrymaria Ehrenberg. JL. olor Müll.

Lionotus Wrzesniowski. JL. fasciola Ehr.

Dileptus Dujardin. D. gigas C. and L.

Chilodon Ehrenberg. C. cucullulus Müll.

Nassula Ehrenberg. N. oronata Ehr.

Loxocephalus Ehrenberg. L. granulosus Kent.

Cinetochilum Perty. C. margaritaceum Ehr.

Frontonia Ehrenberg. 7. leucas Ehr.

Paramaecium Müller. P. caudatum Ehr.; P. bursaria Ehr.

Cyclidium Ehrenberg. C. glaucoma Ehr.

Pleuronema Dujardin. P. sp. (undetermined).

Order HETEROTRICHIDA.

Spirostomum Ehrenberg. S. ambiguum Ehr.

Stentor Oken. S. caeruleus Ehr.; S. polymorphus Ehr.

Gyrocorts Stein. G. oxyura Stein.

Order HYPOTRICHIDA.

Oxytricha Ehrenberg. O. pellionella Müll.

Stylonychia Ehrenberg. S. notophora Stokes.

Euplotes Ehrenberg. £. charon Müll.

Aspidisca Ehrenberg. A. costata Duj.

Order PERITRICHIDA.

Vorticella Linnaeus, TV. sps.

A number of undetermined species were observed.

540 C. H. EDMONDSON AND R. H. KINGMAN.

Cothurnia Ehrenberg. C. sp. (undetermined).

Class SUCTORIA.

Sphaerophrya Claperède and Lachmann. S. magna Maupas.

Washburn College, Topeka, Kansas.

Fig.

Big.

Fig.

Lan]

CANCRO

13,

14,

NOTES ON JAPANESE PROTOZOA. 541

Explanation of Figures.

PLATE VIII.

Lecquereusia spiralis Ehrenberg ;x 272. From Lake Hakone.

Lecquereusia spiralis Ehrenberg ; x 257. From Lake Hakone.

Lecquereusia spiralis Ehrenberg ; x 272. From Lake Hakone.

Variations of the species common in Japan.

The aperature is directed almost straight.

Lecquereusia modesta Rhumbler ;x 225. From Lake Chuzenji.

Diffugia bacillariarum Perty ;x 225. From Lake Hakone.

Diffiugin elegans Penard ; x 195.

Very common. Individuals observed ranged from 60-1944 in

length,

Quadrulella symmetrica var. curvata Wailes ; x 427.

Near the aperture the plates become small and irregular,

Rarely observed. From Mt. Rokkozan.

Nebela hippocrepis Leidy ; x 198,

Broad view of a shell. From Mt. Rokkozan.

Nebela hippocrepis Leidy ;x 198. Narrow view of same.

Nebela triangulata Lang ; X 325.

Broad view of a shell. From Lake Hakone.

Nebela triangulata Lang ;x 378. From Lake Hakone.

Nebela triangulata Lang ;x 354. From Lake Hakone.

Nebela triangulata Lang ;x 315. From Lake Hakone.

Nebela triangulata Lang ;x 325. Narrow view of a shell.

From Lake Hakone.

Variation in the shape of the fundus and in the arrangement

of the plates shown in these figures.

Campascus dentatus, Sp. nov. ; X 370.

Broad view of a shell with the posterior border of the fundus

542

C. H. EDMONDSON AND R. H. KINGMAN.

provided with numerous teeth-like prolongations. From

Lake Hakone.

16, Campascus dentatus, sp. nov.;x 370. Broad view of another

shell. From Lake Hakone.

17, Campascus dentatus, sp. nov. ;x 390. Broad view of another

shell. From Lake Hakone.

ig. 18, Campascus dentatus, sp. nov ;x 390. Narrow view of same.

From Lake Hakone.

19, Paulinella chromatophora Lauterborn ;x 1050. From Lake

Hakone.

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> December, 1914.

Vol. VIII, Part V.

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(Published Dec. as, 1018) Bi

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On the > Development of some Japanese Echinoderms.. XS

qe rpg Dr. TH. MORTENSEN Ss at

‘ Ù ti y È en ae

on al ‚Collection of Termites font the East Indi

a Ye By H. OSHIMA TI ra po

| Notes on the Japanese Myopsida.

x > MADOKA SASAKI, Rigatushi

ars A ¥ n i 5 Mu

On the Development of some Japanese

Echinoderms.

Preliminary Notice.

Dr. Th. Mortensen.

One of the foremost objects of my recent visit to Japan and

other places in the Pacific was to study the development of as many

different species of Echinoderms as possible with the view of making

a comparative study of the larval forms, in order to see if there is

any real interrelation between the shape and structure of the larve

and the natural relationship of the grown-up forms of Echinoderms.

Should it prove to be a rule that within an order or family the larve

all possess certain characters in common, one may be justified in

drawing conclusions from the characters of the larva as to the rela-

tionship of the mature forms, and thus obtain certainty in cases where

doubt reigns as to the natural position of these.

This is exactly the case with some common Japanese Echini.

I may recall the fact that I have in my “Ingolf” Echinoidea (I)

made a complete rearrangement of several groups ot Echini, both

families and genera, e.g. the genera Echinus and Strongylocentrotus,

to which were previously referred a great number of species, which,

according to my views, ought to be referred not only to different genera

but even to different families. I thus maintained that the species

Strongylocentrotus tuberculatus and depressus are no true Strongy-

locentrotus, but that the former belongs to the genus Zoxocidaris of the

family Echinometride, and the latter to a separate genus, Pseudocentrotus,

544 TH. MORTENSEN: DEVELOPMENT OF

of the family Zoropneustide. On the other hand, I maintained that

another common Japanese sea-urchin, Spherechinus pulcherrimus, is no

Spherechinus at all, but a true Strongylocentrotus—As regards the

position of the genus S/rongylocentrotus, I was somewhat in doubt,

thinking it most probably to form a subfamily of the Toropneustide.

These conclusions, arrived at mainly from a comparative study

of the pedicellariæ of these forms; have not met with a complete

approval. While they were in the main accepted by Déderlein, another

authority on recent Echinoids, H. L. Clark, is for the main part

strongly opposed to them.—I shall, of course, not enter into details

here, the more so, since I have at present no access at all to the

necessary literature.—I was then naturally very anxious to study the

development of these three forms, in order to see if any deductions

could be made from the shape and structure of their larva.

While I have got the complete development of Toxocidaris

tuberculatus and nearly so of Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimus, I could

not obtain the development of Pseudocentrotus depressus, because its

sexual products were not ripe yet at the time I had to leave Japan.

But the first two, I am very satisfied to say, proved to be in ac-

cordance with my views.

Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimus.—The larva of this species is in

its younger stages very much alike to that of Strong. droebachiensis.

The body skeleton consists of a long club-shaped rod, the posterior

end of the body being thus elongated, as is the case in the larva

of Strong. droebachiensis and of true Æchinus species. This fact

induces me to think that, in reality, Strongylocentrotus is nearly

related to the Achinide s. str. and not to the Zoropneustide, in which

latter family the larvae have quite another shape, viz. a short body

with a complicated body-skeleton forming a peculiar frame. So it is at

all events in Spherechinus granularis and—as I have been able to as-

certain here in Japan--also in Zoxopueustes pileolus. I should be very

much surprised if the same does not prove to hold good for Pseudocen-

SOME JAPANESE ECHINODERMS. 545

trotus depressus; but this point must be left to one of my Japanese

colleagues to ascertain.

In the later stages of Strong. pulcherrimus-larvæ, the long body

rods are resorbed and the body shortened, just as in Zchinus larva.

(It is with purpose that I do not say ‘as in Strong. droebachiensis

larve. It is true Agassiz has described the complete development

of this species, but, as I have already shown in my first paper on

Echinoderm-larvæ [,,Die Echinodermenlarven d. Plankton-Expedi-

tion ”], he has there confounded other larve with those of that

species). In the latest stages reached, the larve had just begun to

show signs of approaching metamorphosis; but vibratile epaulettes

had not yet formed. If they form at all in this species is a question

I am sorry I must leave undecided. (In the larva of Strong.

droebachiensis there are epaulettes; I can say this, having obtained

some larve in Planktor samples from Greenland, where no other

Echinoid occurs, making the correctness of the identification of those

larve beyond the reach of doubt). The rods of the processes are all

simple, not fenestrated.

Toxocidaris tuberculatus—The larva of this species is quite

different in body shape and in the structure of skeleton from that of

Str. pulcherrimus. In the first stage it is similar to that of Zoxo-

pneustes pileolus : the body is short, and the skeleton of the body

forms a frame, the

rods being very

strongly thorny.

In a later stage,

a posterior cross-

rod is developed,

ending in two very

peculiar postero-

Fig. 1.—Posterior cross-rod and postero-lateral rods of

lateral rods, which ER 300

the larva of Toxocidaris Zubercwlatus. ——

are stronglythorny

546 TH. MORTENSEN: DEVELOPMENT OF

and look somewhat like the antlers of a stag (Fig. 1). The rods of

the postoral and the postero-dorsal processes are fenestrated. There

are four vibratile lobes, but no epaulettes.

It is evident that this larva does not suggest any relationship

with that of Strong. pulcherrimus. On the other hand, my conclu-

sion that Zoxocidaris belongs to the Zchinometride gets, for the

present, no support from the structure of the larva. No Echinometrid-

larva is known with certainly as yet. I have described in the

» Festschrift für Spengel” a very curious larva from the West

Indies, with a pair of extremely long lateral processes, which larva I

think must be referred to Echinometra lucunter. It is certainly very

different from that of Zorocidaris tuberculatus. But so long as we

know so very little of larva within the family Achinometride, it is of

course impossible to draw any conclusion from the shape of its larva

against the position of Zorociaaris within that family.

Temnopleuride.—Hitherto there was not known any Temnopleurid-

larva. I was therefore very satisfied in getting the opportunity of

rearing the larva of three different Temnopleurids, viz. Zemnopleurus

toreumaticus, Pleurechinus sp. and Mespilia globulus. They all

agree in the structure of body skeleton: the main rod has a

median process off the posterior end of the stomach, and beyond

this process there is a short prolongation, which becomes absorbed

in the later stages. The postoral and postero-dorsal rods are

fenestrated.

These larva tend to show that there is a special type of larva

within the family of Zemnopleuride, characterized mainly by its

body skeleton. As might be expected, they differ from one another

in several minor points; but I cannot enter here on these details.

The larva of Mespilia is one of the most beautiful larvae of Echino-

derms known to me. The four main processes are very wide, with

epaulettes across their base; there is a posterior cross-rod, ending in

small branching postero-lateral rods. Of the two other forms I have

SOME JAPANESE ECHINODERMS. 547

not got the larve sufficiently advanced in development to ascertain

whether or not they have a posterior cross-rod and postero-lateral

processes,

Of the Spatangoidea I have succeeded in getting ripe material

of only one species, Brissus Agassizi. Owing to the lateness of the

season when I got that material, the larvae did not reach their final

shape before I had to leave Japan. The postero-lateral rods, in which

the specific characters of Spatangoid-larve are mainly found, have

not yet developed, so that the main character of this larva cannot be

given. The larva is, otherwise, of the form typical to Spatangoids.

The posterior process is rather short; the rods of this process as well

as those of postoral and postero-dorsal processes are fenestrated in

their whole length.

The Clypeastrotdea yielded considerably better results. The larva

of four species were reared, viz. Clypeaster japonicus, Mellita

japonica,” Laganum decagonale and Laganum fudsiyama.

It may first be pointed out that these larve all agree with those

of other Clypeastroids hitherto known in their skeletal structure

and general shape. There is no necessity for giving here further

details as regards the larva of Clypeaster and Mellita. It may be

enough to say that in the C/ypeaster-larva the body skeleton is

quite smooth, with some branches at the lower end of the frame,

while the Mellita-larva is very similar to that of the Mellita from the

Atlantic coast of North America. Laganum fudsiyama” affords

special interest in that it is a deep-water species; I have got it from

depths of 200-809 meters. This is the first time that an Echino-

derm from the deeper water was studied as regards its development.

1) This species is designated in Yos/iwara’s Monograph of the Japanese Echinoidea

as Astriciypeus Manni. Having no access to literature at present, I do not venture to say

that this is an error; but anyhow I do not see why this should not be a Mellita, and if

I remember correctly, there is a Melita japonica.

2) Possibly this is really Laganum pellucidum; but I have not been able to decide

the point for want of literature.

548 TH. MORTENSEN: DEVELOPMENT OF

It is interesting to note that it has quite typically pelagic larve of the

common Clypeastroid shape. As it was only during the last days

of my stay in Misaki that I got the ripe material of this species, I

naturally have succeeded only in getting the first stages of the larva,

I should take the occasion here to mention that, while in general I

think that deep-sea Echinoderms have no pelagic larve but undergo

more or less direct development, there exist—perhaps only among

the archibenthal forms, and not among those from very deep waters—

some that have pelagic larva. Thus, I venture to maintain from

the small size of the eggs, that a small species of Ovechinus (?)

which I have got from the Sagami Sea, will, like the Laganum men-

tioned above, prove to have pelagic larve. The same I should think

will hold good also for Salenia pacifica, Hemipedina a.o. Unfortunately

I could not get sufficient material of these forms for studying their

development.

Laganum decagonale proved to be especially interesting as re-

gards its development. The eggs are comparatively large, measuring

nearly 0,5 mm. in diameter, and are yolky, in accordance with which fact

the development is shortened, the whole metamorphosis being accom-

plished in the course of only 3-4 days. The larva are pelagic, but very

much reduced in organization. Generally they have only two processes,

the postoral ones; more rarely a pair of postero-do sal processes are

found. For the rest they are very variable as to their shape. The

two postoral processes may have coalesced, so that they appear like one

single process, and instead of the two postero-dorsal processes there

may be only one. In fact, we may find the larva having one, two,

three or four processes, or even none at all; but the metamorphosis

goes on just the same, whatever may be the number of processes

developed. (Fig. 2). There is no vibratile chord, but-a general ciliation

of the whole body. The larval intestine is rudimentary ; the mouth

opening is very small and there appears to be no anal opening.

Evidently the larva does not take any food, but subsists on the yolk

SOME JAPANESE ECHINODERMS. 549

a= aang

= aera

Whe

Fig. 2.—Sketches showing the variation in shape of the larva of Zaganum

decagonale.

of the egg. The larval skeleton is, of course, rudimentary, but is

otherwise in accordance with the typical skeletal structure of

Clypeastroid-larvæ.

It is worth pointing out that, in spite of the large size of the

eggs, the cleavage is total and quite regular. A feature not hitherto

seen in Echinoids, if I remember aright, is that the embryo in the blastula

stage, before it leaves the egg-membrane, has the ectoderm strongly

folded, much as it occurs in some starfishes (Zwidia a.o.). The forma-

550 TH. MORTENSEN: DEVELOPMENT OF

tion of the entoderm takes place not as a real invagination, but

more as a strong growth of cells at the oral end, and there is

no gastrula mouth. The formation of the enterocele could not be seen

in the living embryos on account of their intransparency ; sections

are necessary for studying the whole inner transformation.

By putting some sand in the dishes, wherein I kept these larve,

and thus giving them a natural substrate, I succeeded in keeping the

metamorphosed young sea-urchins alive for some time; when this was

not done, they perished very soon, assuming the green colour so

characteristic of the dying tissue of Clypeastroids.

Asteroidea.—I have succeeded in getting the complete develop-

ment of Asterina pectinifera and Astropecten scoparius, and the

younger developmental stages of dstropecten polyacanthus and

Asterias calamaria.”

Asterina pectinifera—A special interest is attached to the

development of this species. The only species of Asterina, the

development of which was hitherto known, is the common European

species, the almost classical Asterina gibbosa, which has large eggs

and non-pelagic larva. Asterina pectinifera has small eggs, which

develop into typical pelagic larve. In the younger stages the larva

looks very much like an Astropecten-larva; the preoral vibratile

chord is well developed also at the apical end—a character that I

have thought to be peculiar to those larve which have no Brachio-

laria-stage. Iwas therefore rather surprised in seeing that this larva has

a Brachiolaria-stage. The paired Brachiolarian processes are small,

with a few papilla at the end; the median process is of the type hav-

ing papilla along the edges. The sucking disk is rather large and

distinct. For the rest the larva is small and inconspicuous, without

colouration. The postero-lateral processes are small and non-contractile.

1) I am indebted to Professor S. Goto for the specific names of these

Asteroids.

SOME JAPANESE ECHINODERMS. 551

The larve of the two Astropecten-species are of the typical

form, and there is no reason for giving their special characters in this

preliminary notice.

Asterias calamaria at first puzzled me somewhat. In the younger

stages it undergoes autotomy and apparently does not propagate sexual-

ly. Nearly all the larger specimens opened contained genital organs

with large, white, biserially arranged eggs of an oval shape. Having

at length found a few specimens with ovaries of the usual Asteroid-

structure, I realized that the organs, at first taken for the ovaries of

the starfish, belonged to a parasite, most probably a Cirripedian, like

that known from other starfishes. I have not, however, succeeded in

finding any specimen with the eggs of the parasite so far advanced

in development that their real nature could be ascertained.

It was only in the last days of my stay at Misaki that I got a

few specimens of this starfish with nearly ripe gonads, and only a

few of the eggs were quite ripe. I succeeded in getting some few

eggs fertilized and in rearing larva only to their first stages. The

specific characters ot the larva I can not give; I can not even state

definitely whether it has a Brachiolarian-stage. However, there is all

reason to expect that it has that stage, like the other species of this

genus of which the development has been studied.

Of Ophiurans and Holothurians I could not get sufficient ripe

material, but only sometimes a ripe male and sometimes a ripe female.

Once only I had rich material of an Ophiothrix from deep water,

which shed its eggs and sperm of itself. Some of the eggs were

fertilized and isolated, but unfortunately they did not develop.

Of one species of Comatulids, occurring at the rocky shores close

to the station, I got the pentacrinoid stages in a fairly complete

series ; but a closer study of this form must be left till my return

home.

552 TH. MORTENSEN :

Altogether the development of no less than 16 species of Echi-

noderms has been studied, more or less completely, during my three

months’ stay at the marine laboratory at Misaki.

In conclusion I beg to tender herewith my most sincere thanks

to my Japanese colleagues, especially to Professor Ijima, for the very

kind reception given to me.

The China Sea, on board S.S. “ Nikko Maru.”

July 26th, 1914.

Notes on a Collection of Termites from the

East Indian Archipelago.

Masamitsu Oshima

Institute of Science, Government of Formosa.

With Plates IX and X.

In the present paper is given a record of two collections of

termites. The first was obtained by Mr. Ryozo Kanehira, expert of

the Experimental Forestry Station of the Government of Formosa,

during his tour to the Malayan Archipelago in the spring of 1913.

The second was obtained at Los-Banos, Luzon, by Prof. C. E. Baker,

of the University of the Philippines.

The interest of these collections resides not only in the large

number of new species they reveal, but also in presenting localities new

to the termite collector. I have referred the specimens to the follow-

ing twenty-four species, of which nineteen seem to be new to science:

1. Coptotermes dobonicus n. sp.

2. Coptotermes traviens (Hav.).

3. Coptotermes bornensis n. sp.

4. Coptotermes menadoensis n. sp.

5. Coptotermes flavicephalus n. sp.

6. Coptotermes hongkonensis n. sp.

7. Parrhinotermes inequalis (Hav.).

8. Rhinotermes (Schedorhinotermes) longirostris (Brauer).

o. Rhinotermes (Schedorhinotermes) tarakanensis n. sp.

10. Zermes (Macrotermes) manilanus n. sp.

11. Zermes (Macrotermes) philippinensis n. sp.

554 M. OSHIMA:

12. Zermes (Macrotermes) luzonensis n. sp.

13. Zermes (Termes) Copelandi n. sp.

14. Odontotermes (Odontotermes) celebensis n. sp.

15. ‘Eutermes (Hirtitermes) spinocephalus n. sp.

16. Eutermes (Eutermes) buitenzorgi Holmer.

17. Eutermes (Eutermes) doboensis n. sp.

18. Eutermes (Eutermes) sandakanensis n. sp.

19. Eutermes (Sublitermes) Kanchire n. sp.

20. Eutermes (Tumulitermes) boetoni n. sp.

21. Eutermes (Trinervitermes) menadoensis n. sp.

22. Eutermes (Grallatotermes) luzonicus n. sp.

23. Microcerotermes los-banosensis n. sp.

24. Microcerotermes distans (Hav.).

Here I express my sincere thanks to Prof. Baker and Mr.

Kanehira, both of whom very kindly forwarded to me the interesting

materials for examination.

The classification adopted in the following is that of Holmgren.

Family MESOTERMITIDZE.

Subfamily COPTOTERMITIN A.

Genus Coptotermes Wasmann.

1. Coptotermes dobonicus nov. sp.

(PI. IX ge):

Imago unknown.

Soldier—Head pale yellow; mandible brown; abdomen whitish.

Head sparingly pilose; abdominal tergites densely provided with

delicate hairs.

Head ovoid, slightly flattened; orifice of fontanelle directed for-

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 555

ward, somewhat inclined; basal portion of clypeus short; labrum

tongue-shaped, with hyaline, triangular tip, reaching beyond middle

of mandibles; mandibles sabre-shaped, with incurved piercing tip;

antenne 17-jointed, 3rd joint shorter than 2nd; pronotum broad,

anterior and posterior borders indented in the middle.

Rengthvotsbodyaeyaen ai le au si ky.) 600mm.

Kenseth off headsiwith mandible... S24) 22 922.5 .. “2460 mm:

Beneth of head witheut mandible 22 a4. 4: 122. 1,66mm.

Waidthsomnca demi ea a» ALn:

Wictheofgpronotumserr Fr c.g o nn. 1,06 min.

JPenstkhioMpronotumat. oe ae: 0,59.

Worker.—Head and abdomen whitish; head stout; antenna 16-

jointed, 2nd joint as long as 3rd; anterior border of pronotum slight-

ly indented in the middle, posterior border rounded.

Ienathsefgbodyi,: 2: ol Sn ee La … MOON:

\W:dEmiofihe ada ASA dea. BAZ mini:

Width of pronotum Ste eo 0,9I mm.

Habitat.—Dobo, Arue Island (Dutch New Guinea); collected by

Mr. Kanehira on May 6, 1913.

Remarks.—This species is closely allied to Coptotermes curvigna-

thus Holmgren. However, a close comparison of the two species shows

several discrepancies. Thus, in C. dobonicus the soldier is provided with

much longer head and with antenne which are 17-jointed instead of

being 14—16-jointed. In the workers, the most notable difference lies

in the number of antennal joints, which in the present species number

16, the 2nd joint being as long as the 3rd, while in C. curvignathus

the antenna are 15-jointed, the 2nd joint being much longer than

the 3rd.

2. Coptotermes travians (Haviland).

Soldier.—Head yellow ; mandibles brown; abdomen whitish, Head

sparingly pilose; abdominal tergites densely provided with subequal hairs.

556 M. OSHIMA:

Head oval, slightly vaulted dorsally, sides converging anteriorly ;

fontanelle tube-shaped, large, its orifice directed forward, reaching

beyond the basal portion of clypeus; basal portion of clypeus very

short; labrum triangular, with hyaline tip, reaching to middle of

mandibles ; antenne 14-jointed, 3rd joint as long as 2nd; submentum

contracted very weakly in the middle; pronotum slightly longer than

half the width, anterior border distinctly indented in the middle,

posterior border slightly emarginate at middle.

Length ofvbody > :.. NET ae ae ee conii

Length of head with mandible + es, os / 203-209 tm:

Length of head without mandible... .. .. 1,31-1,34 mm.

Width: of head: 12 IN er AMANO. CARS CO Oi

Length of Bronotum >. =) ERI =e on NUE

Habitat.—Tarakan, Dutch Borneo; collected by Mr. Kanehira on

May 23, 1913.

3. Coptotermes bornensis nov. sp.

(Ri ere):

Imago unknown.

Soldier.— Head yellow, darker anteriorly ; mandibles brown. Head

and abdominal tergites densely provided with delicate hairs, the latter

without special series of spiny hairs.

Head oval, vaulted dorsally, sides slightly converging anteriorly ;

fontanelle directed forward; basal portion of clypeus very short;

labrum triangular, apex hyaline, scarcely reaching to middle of

mandibles ; antenne 13-jointed, 2nd joint longer than 3rd, 4th joint

as long as 3rd; submentum strongly contracted in the middle; pro-

notum slightly longer that half the width, anterior border strongly

indented in the middle, posterior border slightly emarginate at middle ;

dorsal surface of abdomen with two longitudinal dark bands.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 557

Kengtintof body a= fasi & ee RS Sam:

Length of head with mandible. SAWS 9 04M:

Length of head without mandible .... i... «2 1,34)mm.

VV dito fe head Mer ee de ROOT.

Width ofspronotuitapas OM lan a) 8,75) mm:

Benctheot pronotumg ll Aa da. 0,41 mm.

Worker.—Head pale yellow; abdomen whitish. Head provided

with delicate hairs; hairs on abdominal tergites longer and subequal.

Fontanelle indistinct; basal portion of clypeus short, slightly

swollen; antenne 13-jointed, 2nd joint longer than 3rd; pronotum

rather smaller, anterior border considerably emarginate at middle,

posterior border rounded.

enothvotebodsy 5 9 9 95. ME I. VON:

Midthgeigneadt 2:2. he (ss 08 wn isin Pees 10,97 mn

Width of pronotum .. .. D CC. ee: Lo; CONTIG

Habitat.--Balik-Papan, Dutch Borneo; collected by Mr. Kane-

hira on April 20, 1913.

Remarks.—This species is closely related to Coptotermes travians

(Haviland). But in the soldier of C. dornensis the contraction in the

middle part of submentum is markedly stronger than in C. travians and

the antenne are 14-jointed instead of being 13-jointed. With the

workers alone on hand, I have found it scarcely possible to draw a

fast line between the two species.

4. Coptotermes menadoensis nov. sp.

Soldier and worker unknown.

Imago.—Body yellowish brown; clypeus, antenne, legs, and the

ventral side of abdomen straw-eolored ; mandibles reddish brown,

apex darker; wings hyaline, outer border yellowish. Head densely

provided with spiny hairs; along the posterior border of abdominal

tergites two series of hairs, of which the anterior ones are the shorter.

Head rounded; fontanelle indistinct, dotted, slightly swollen;

558 M. OSHIMA :

transversal band longer in the middle than in sides; forehead in-

clined ; basal portion of clypeus very short, slightly swollen; eyes

somewhat prominent; ocelli approximated to eye; antenna 22-jointed,

2nd joint slightly longer than 3rd, qth joint twice as long as 3rd;

pronotum longer than half the width, anterior border broadly concave,

posterior border weakly indented in the middle; mesonotum and

metanotum considerably narrower than pronotum, their posterior border

slightly emarginate at middle; anterior wing-stumps much larger than

the posterior wing, covering the basal parts of the latter; membrane

of the wings densely provided with hairs; median nerve runs near to

cubitus, branched in apical area; cubitus with ca. 7 branches, of

which the proximal ones are the stronger.

Length of body with wings.. .. .. .. 14,00-16,50 mm.

Length of anterior wing Le a ue | aoe) 102 12,00

Length of body... 25. «+> bin GO Sfoomm:

Length of heads* 4% MR es) Raa 1,34 mm.

Width of head ERA 1,4I- 1,50 mm.

Width of pronotum ANA Lt 1,53- 1,66 mm.

Length of pronotum 0,94- 1,03 mm.

Habitat. —Menado, Celebes ; collected by Mr. Kanehira on May

Th, TOU:

5. Coptotermes flavicephalus nov. sp.

(PLAXE her):

Imago unknown.

Soldier—Head pale yellow; mandibles brown; abdomen straw-

coloured. Head sparingly pilose; abdominal tergites densely provided

with hairs.

Head suborbicular, broad and flattened; fontanelle directed for-

ward; basal portion of clypeus short; labrum tongue-shaped, with

pointed tip, scarcely reaching to middle of mandibles ; mandibles with

strongly incurved tip; antenna 15-or 16-jointed, 3rd joint nearly as

EAST INDIAN TERMITES, 559

long as 2nd; pronotum broad, anterior and posterior borders indented

in the middle.

Encre bo ER 16,006; 5o,mmj

Length of head with mandible 2,75 1m:

Length of head without mandible... .. .. 1,63 mm.

MAÉ ONE a nat nennen... 1,62 MT

Widtheof prenetum kt. ON Sen) 9 1,033,09: mm

Eenethrofspronotum 22 25) 24 2. a. = 0,63 mm.

Worker.—Head yellowish white; abdomen whitish. Head spar-

ingly pilose; abdominal tergite moderately provided with subequal

hairs.

Antennz 15-jointed, 3rd joint shorter than 2nd; anterior border

of pronotum distinctly indented in the middle, posterior border straight.

Beneihyolsbodsgges nl siate do gS: me: 95,00 mm:

Mitcitihkotshead) Setysns:) Bah asta a alleged: 44 MI,

Width of pronotum “aa CR 0,78 mm.

Habitat.—Los-Banos, Luzon; collected by Prof. Baker.

Remarks.—The present species is very closely allied to Coptotermes

curvignathus Holmgren. But the head of soldier is much larger and

the pronotum of same is broader.

6. Coptotermes hongkonensis nov. sp.

(BISI, fees):

Imago unknown.

Soldier—Head pale yellow; mandibles brown; abdomen milk-

white. Head sparingly pilose; abdominal tergites with dense, subequal

hairs, no series of spiny hairs.

Head oval, slightly flattened, sides considerably converging an-

teriorly ; fontanelle directed forward; basal portion of clypeus short ;

labrum lancet-shaped, tip pointed, not hyaline, scarcely reaching to

middle of mandibles; mandibles saber-shaped, slender; antenna 15-

jointed, 3rd joint minute, half as long as 2nd; submentum slightly

560 M. OSHIMA:

contracted at middle; pronotum considerably longer than half the

width, anterior and posterior border indented in the middle.

Length of body + are 02 o

Length of head with mandible MEN 2;16mm

Length of head without mandible... .. .. 1,28-1,34 mm.

Width’ofrhead" 0. Sats Bae en ago |

Width 'oftpronotum. So yee oa

0,44 mm.

Worker.—Head yellowish; abdomen straw-colour. Head and

abdominal tergites provided with delicate hairs, those on the latter

longer.

Head quadrate, its posterior border rounded; basal portion of

clypeus longer than half the width; fontanelle and sutures of head

indistinct ; antenne 14-jointed, 2nd joint longer than 3rd; pronotum

much narrower than head, anterior and posterior border indented at

middle.

Width ‘of head Lune, ey è ld Ma

Width of pronotum .. . i; UMR O) 2: 0:

Habitat.—Hongkong ; collected pl Mr. a in 1910.

Remarks.—Coptotermes hongkonensis is a species closely agreeing

with C. travians (Haviland) and C. dobonicus Oshima. However, it

differs from the former in the number of antennal joints and the

length of head in soldiers, and from the latter in the number of

antennal joints as well as in the degree of contraction of the middle

of submentum in the soldiers. Coptotermes Gestroi Wasmann (not of

Haviland) is still another nearly allied species, but the soldier has

broader head and the abdominal tergites are provided with a series

of spiny hairs along the posterior border.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 561

Subfamily RHINOTERMITIN A.

Genus Parrhinotermes Holmgren.

7. Parrhinotermes inæqualis (Haviland).

(Riz xX So Cu):

Soldier.—Head brownish yellow; basal portion of mandible

yellow, apical portion brown; abdomen straw-colour. Head very

sparingly pilose; abdominal tergites provided with a series of hairs

along the posterior border; submentum densely pilose.

Head stout, flattened, posterior border straight, sides converging

anteriorly ; fontanelle round and minute, a shallow groove running

from it to apex of labrum and giving two branches to the condyle of

mandible around basal part of clypeus; basal portion of clypeus short,

flattened ; labrum quadrangular, as long as broad, apical third hyaline,

apex obtuse, provided with a cluster of short coarse hairs; mandibles

stout, with elongated and slender apical portion, proximal portion

broad ; left mandible provided with two teeth, of which the first one

is larger than the second and is leaf-shaped, while the latter is

somewhat triangular, short, its tip directed forward, and has the

median portion of masticating border distinctly serrated ; right mandible

provided with a triangular tooth, with obtuse tip, the basal portion

of masticating border serrated; antenne 13-jointed, 3rd joint longer

than 2nd; pronotum minute, anterior border convex, posterior border

slightly concave.

Kenctimois bodys tive, ee tt «44,50 mm

Benethofthead wwithamandible.. Wir... 1.2.2. 2,03 mim.

Lensth of head without mandible "#0". ..° .. 1,47 mm.

\Widthyofhcadagkesoneke: 0 NS 2 628 nim:

\Widthtof pronotona-- n «balli aa | os a 90,72 mm;

Fensthrof'pronobunaW: stà: I... nr nu 0,38:mm.

562 M. OSHIMA:

Worker.—Head pale yellow; abdomen yellowish white. Head

densely provided with hairs ; abdominal tergites moderately pilose.

Head quadrangular, with rounded posterior border, much broader

than long; fontanelle indistinct ; basal portion of clypeus flat, short ;

labrum strongly inclined downwards; antenne 13-jointed, 3rd joint as

long as 2nd; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border scarcely indented

at middle; mesonotum and metanotum broader than pronotum.

Length of bedy*.. ni ..c * 32°" | Se Re ono!

Width of Head >. OA METRE PRE 1,00 mm.

Width of pronotum .. . : A ee ag or naa

Habitat.—Balik-Papan, Dutch Borneo; collected by Mr. Kane-

hira on April 21, 1913.

Genus Rhinotermes Hagen.

8. Rhinotermes (Schedorhinotermes) longirostris (Brauer).

(Pl. X., figs. 3-4).

Soldier (larger form). Head yellow; mandibles brown; abdomen

straw-colour. Body sparingly provided with hairs.

Posterior part of head quadrangular, sides of the anterior half

abruptly converging anteriorly ; fontanelle distinct, directed upwards,

situated between antennal fossa; from the fontanelle runs a shallow

groove, reaching to apex cf labrum, widening anteriorly; clypeus

grooved along the median line, boundary between apical and basal

portions indistinct, the fermer whitish; labrum tongue-shaped, longer

than broad, apical part two-lobed, sparlingly provided with hairs,

reaching beyond tip of mandible; mandibles stout, the left provided

with two teeth, the right with one tooth; antenna 16-jointed, 2nd joint

as long as 3rd, 4th joint half as long as 3rd; pronotum flat, anterior

border convex, posterior border slightly emarginate at middle;

mesonotum shorter and narrower than pronotum; metanotum much

broader than pronotum ; abdomen flattened, broad and short.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 563

En Of bady ts les ar 2 A0 ey ro (4, 50mm:

Bensthrof’heaguwich mandibles) #30 22) I 2.22,09:mm.

Pength-of head without mandible .. ... .. ‘+: 1,34mm.

DVidkizofsheadee 20e. as — VI, 381:

Wideo pronom, i ni eke Mee! 10,75 mm:

Lenothivotmpronotum. NEED oc) el es. O44 mm.

Soldier (smaller form).—Head pale yellow; mandibles light

brown; abdomen straw-colour. Head sparingly pilose; abdominal

tergites provided with a series of longer spiny hairs,

Head slightly vaulted dorsally, with rounded posterior border,

sides of anterior part abruptly converging anteriorly; fontanelle round

with a deep groove running from it to tip of labrum; forehead strong-

ly inclined; clypeus tongue-shaped, swollen on both sides of the

median groove, apical part whitish; labrum rectangular, much longer

than broad, reaching beyond tip of mandibles, median groove deep,

widened anteriorly, tip two-lobed, whitish, its outer border with dense

hairs, the dorsal surface sparsely provided with hairs; mandibles

slender, tip abruptly incurved, the left provided with two teeth, the

right with one; antenna 15-jointed, 2nd joint twice as long as 3rd;

pronotum minute, with convex anterior and straight posterior border ;

mesonotum as broad as pronotum; metanotum broader than pro-

notum.

ECHO nobody EP AO de vi, 320: mim:

Length of head with /mandible. 2. =... .. 2. 1,34 mm.

Kensthsot head without mandible §.. =. «.. .. , 0;61mm.

Wide deena celta) ee oh los 27 0,75 mm.

Widtheofspronoinm 2.7.2 .. 0 220.05 10,50.mm.

Length of pronotum .. .. e 034 Mn,

Worker.—Head yellowish white ; abdomen whitish. Head slightly

covered with hairs; abdominal tergites with two irregular series of

spiny hairs.

Head quadrate, posterior border rounded; fontanelle indistinct ;

564 M. OSHIMA :

basal portion of clypeus markedly swollen; antennæ 16-jointed, 2nd

joint longer than 3rd, 4th joint half as long as 3rd.

Length of ‘body... 2. x ERS RO ene ZONE

Width ‚of headr, Li vs ria SSA RER

Width: of, pronotum:.\. .. „au Ua ESS BE OS Onn

Habitat.—Maros, Celebes ; collected by Mr. Kanehira on April

25, TOLAL

9. Rhinotermes (Schedorhinotermes) tarakanensis nov. sp.

(PI. X., fig. 2).

Imago and the larger form of soldiers unknown.

Soldier (smaller form).—Very closely resembling same of Æ.

longirostris, but somewhat smaller.

Antenna 14-jointed, 2nd joint as long as 3rd, ath joint shorter

than 3rd.

Length of body. PNR CON

Length of head with mandible.. .. .. .. .. 128mm.

Length of head without mandible 77 722 Sse 0.75 mums

Width of head Ir ERO ee RO Orion

Width of pronetum =. =. 922 =: FORO TN

Length of prenstum Tr 5. (eee) RE OS TNT

Worker.— Agreeing in all characters with those of R. longirosiris,

but somewhat smaller.

Antennæ 15-jointed, 2nd joint longer than 3rd.

Length ‘of body en eee NE ONE

Width of head. Ir LO TRS RER REP Oona

Widthvof-pronotam. 29 Le De ON

Habitat—-Tarakan, Dutch Borneo; collected by Mr. Kanehira on

May: 23, 1913.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 565

Family METATERMITIDÆ.

Genus Termes (L.) Homgren.

10. Termes (Macrotermes) manilanus nov. sp.

Imago.—Body chestnut brown, paler on ventral side; basal por-

tion of clypeus yellow; the antenne, the T-shaped patch on pronotum,

the antero-lateral corners of same, the anterior border of mesonotum,

and the metanotum brownish yellow; wings yellowish brown, with

yellowish subcostal band. Head sparingly pilose; abdominal tergites

provided with subequal hairs; labrum, pronotum, and wing-stumps

densely haired.

Head broadly oval, with sides slightly converging anteriorly,

somewhat flattened ; eyes very large and prominent; ocelli separated

from eye by a distance equal to their radius; fontanelle indistinct,

slightly elevated; top of head surrounding the fontanelle somewhat

depressed ; basal portion of clypeus very large, shorter than half its

width, markedly swollen; antenne 19-jointed, 3rd joint slightly

longer than 2nd, 4th joint shorter than 3rd; pronotum semicircular,

broader than head, anterior border concave, posterior border slightly

emarginate at middle; mesonotum and metanotum as broad as

pronotum, their posterior border concave; membrane of wings densely

covered with hairs; median nerve runs near to cubitus, starting from

the wing-stump, branched in the middle area of wing, with ca. 5

branches ; cubitus with ca. 10 branches, of which the proximal ones

are the stronger.

Bencthrof bodyawith wing hit) iw. Ys. 27,00 MM:

Kength of body without wine. . 9.2. i. /..°.. 14,00 mm.

Peistiaofiheadie o ei. Bibel le yids 1,88 mm.

Malen: of Head ANS eten. Cee PA Ty Seg 2,00 mm.

566 M. OSHIMA:

Width ‘of pronotum Sese eee 2,34 mm.

Length of pronotum . 4 ee 1,50 mm.

Habitat.—Manila, eae collected ee Mr. Kanehira, date un-

known.

Remarks.—This species is closely allied to Zermes gilvus Hagen,

but is greatly different in the dimensions of hand. Thus, in 7

mantlanus head is 1,88mm. long and 2,00mm. broad, instead of

of 2,66mm. long and 2,28 mm. broad as in 7! gilvus.

11. Termes (Macrotermes) philippinensis nov. sp.

(Pl. IX., figs. 8-9).

Imago.—Body chestnut brown, ventral side paler; basal portion

of clypeus, labrum, antenna, the T-shaped patch on pronotum and

antero-lateral corners of same brownish yellow; wings brown. Head

densely pilose, short delicate hairs being intermingled with longer

spiny hairs; abdominal tergites densely beset with minute hairs ;

wing-stumps moderately pilose.

Head round, with sides considerably converging anteriorly; eyes

moderately large; ocelli separated from eye by a distance greater

than their diameter; fontanelle dotted, reddish, somewhat elevated ;

transversal band depressed ; basal portion of clypeus slightly shorter

than half its width but not very short, markedly swollen; antenna

19-jointed, 2nd joint much longer than 3rd, 4th joint as long as 3rd;

pronotum nearly as broad as head, slightly shorter than half the

width, nearly saddle-shaped, antero-lateral corners markedly depressed,

middle of anterior and posterior border indented; basal portion of

median nerve coalescent with cubitus, the former with about 4

branches in the apical portion, the latter with 10 branches, most of

them forked.

Length ‘of body with. wing 7.7 .. «=. “3. Sil 26000:

Length of body without wing.. .. .. .. .. 13,00 mm.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 567

encth Of anterior wine 72 00, i. 21,50 mm.

Mencth Of head "en RM ie: 1,50 mm.

Widths on headset u Se Ce au tl. 2,00 mm.

Midthotépronotune <2. 20 i vas) Vee) 152;romm.

Length of pronotum.. Aa Hise E ARIA 1,25 mm.

Soldier (the larger form).—Head reddish brown; abdomen

yellowish; labrum, antenna, and legs dark yellow. Head and

abdominal tergites smooth.

Head quadrangular, sides converging anteriorly; fontanelle dis-

tinct, minute, situated in front of the centre of head; basal portion

of clypeus short, posteriorly not separated from forehead; labrum

tongue-shaped, with triangular hyaline tip; mandibles stout, tip

slightly incurved; antenna 17-jointed, 3rd joint slightly longer than

2nd; pronotum broad, anterior and posterior border distinctly indented

in the middle; sides of mesonotum and metanotum rounded.

EFensthiofkbodyt at. (4. 6-2 <5: -. 1.0;50 mim:

Wengthrof head with mandible,; 7.2 .. .. | 4,84 mm:

Length of head without mandible... .. .. 3,28 mm.

NVidthwote heads spam tre ali ey MU 278-285 mm.

Mädthsofpronetume 2. M. 70 NUM 2,472) 50 mm:

Length of pronotum .. OCA e212 imm.

Soldier (the smaller form).—Head reddish brown; labrum,

antenne and legs somewhat paler; mandibles reddish brown; abdo-

men straw-colour. Head smooth; abdominal tergites provided with

microscopically minute hairs, two or three posterior tergites with

longer hairs.

Head rectangular, sides strongly converging anteriorly ; fontanelle

indistinct ; basal portion of clypeus short, not distinctly separated

from forehead; labrum lancet-shaped, with pointed hyaline tip;

mandibles sabre-shaped, tip strongly incurved; antenne 17-jointed,

2nd joint as long as 3rd, 4th joint slightly shorter than 3rd; pronotum

semicircular, anterior and posterior borders weakly indented in the

568 M. OSHIMA :

middle; mesonotum considerably narrower than pronotum, sides

rounded, posterior border slightly concave; metanotum as broad as

pronotum, oval, posterior border straight.

Iengthsof body... (ua nu ae MO 007 comune

Length of head with mandible dei dr MIE 3,68-3,75 mm.

Length of head without mandible .. .. .. 1,81-1,94 mm.

Width offhead; „Nr tt Alone i soar, oo

Width of{ipronotum, "OT An

Mengthuof pronotum N. „Urn eli ey eas am.

Worker (the larger form)—Head reddish yellow; abdomen

yellowish. Head and abdomen sparingly pilose.

Head quadrate, with rounded posterior border; basal portion of

clypeus markedly swollen; fontanelle whitish, round; antenna 18-

jointed, 2nd joint nearly as long as 3rd, 4th joint half as long as 3rd ;

pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior and posterior border indented at middle.

Length of body ... La: nen RO OMNIS

Widthtofihead e reo ma

Width, of prenstum. .. ale Rete eo

Worker (the smaller form).—Paler and smaller. Antenna 17-

jointed ; 2nd joint slightly longer than 3rd, 4th joint as long as 3rd.

Isength: jofsbody . 2. iu tai CERRANO

Widthsof head ir re Cet

Width of pronotum .. = ENS: OO

Habitat —Los-Banos, Luzon; collected hi; Prof. Baker.

Remarks.—This species agrees well with Zermes (M.) gilvus

Hagen except in dimensions of head in the larger form of soldiers

and workers. Moreover, in the present species, the smaller form of

soldiers is provided with rectangular head while in 7° gzlvus this is

of an oval shape.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 569

12. Termes (Macrotermes) luzonensis nov. sp.

(PI. IX., figs. 10-11).

Imago unknown,

Soldier (the larger form).—Head reddish brown; abdomen dark

yellow. Head and abdominal tergites smooth.

Head broadly oval, posterior border rounded, sides converging

anteriorly, slightly vaulted dorsally; no rudiment of eye; fontanelle

situated in front of the centre of head, round, minute; basal

portion of clypeus very short; labrum tongue-shaped, short, with

triangular hyaline tip; mandibles short, stout; antenna 17-jointed,

3rd joint as long as 2nd, 4th joint as long as 5th and slightly shorter

than 3rd; pronotum broad, anterior and posterior border distinctly

indented in the middle, anterior border convex; mesonotum oval,

narrower than pronotum, posterior border slightly emarginate at

middle; metanotum as broad as mesonotum, posterior border straight ;

sides of meso-and metanotum rounded.

Ecneendofibody Mr eS Pe. 755O-SsOommin:

Length of head with mandible TAM

Length of heed without mandible .. .. .. 2,66-2,75 mm.

Wide he ERREUR DE mm:

Widthsofpronctumieee N. o... 4. 1,88-1,94 mm:

Kength of pronstum 2. .. .2 .. .. .. 1031.09 mm.

Soldier (the smaller form).—Rather paler and smaller than the

above larger form.

Head yellow; abdomen straw-colour. Head smooth; abdominal

tergites provided with microscopical hairs, longer hairs intermingled

with such in the posterior tergites.

Head broadly oval, sides slightly converging anteriorly; labrum

long, slender, lancet-shaped, with obtuse hyaline tip; mandibles

slender ; basal portion of clypeus slightly swollen ; fontanelle indistinct ;

antenne 17-jointed, 2nd and 3rd joints as long as 4th; pronotum

570 M. OSHIMA:

very much narrower than head, longer than half the width, anterior

and posterior border indented in the middle, the former convex;

mesonotum narrower than pronotum ; metanotum as broad as pronotum;

sides of meso-and metanotum rounded.

Lengthsof body... ebete RAMA On DD

Length of head with{mandible Kt re ina)

Length of body. without mandible 22 00472

Width of jheads ione ER CT

Width offpronctum "nr. 7. 02 Re ne TE COIN

Length of pronotum 10,69: mm:

Worker. —Head yellow; abdomen straw-colour. Head and abdo-

minal tergites sparingly provided with subequal hairs.

Head round; fontanelle spotted, whitish ; basal portion of clypeus

swollen; antenne 17-jointed, 3rd joint shorter than 2nd, 4th joint as

long as 3rd; pronotum saddle-shaped, provided with a median

shallow longitudinal groove, anterior border strongly elevated and

indented in the middle, posterior border emarginate at middle.

Length tof body su =< do EN Ed OT

Width of head". 7... —_ I CO IE

Width of pronotum- .. 2: Jas Be Je gee eee con

Habitat.—Los-Banos, Luzon; collected by Prof. Baker.

13. Termes (Termes) Copelandi nov. sp.

(Pl EX figs: (6-7):

Imago unknown,

Soldier (the larger form).—Head brownish red, antenne and legs

paler; abdomen dark yellow. Head smooth; abdominal tergites pro-

vided with microscopical hairs.

Head cylindrical, sides very slightly converging anteriorly ;

fontanelle dotted, minute, situated in the centre of head; basal por-

tion of clypeus very short; labrum lancet-shaped, with pointed

hyaline tip; mandibles short, stout; antenna 17-jointed, 2nd joint as

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 571

long as 3rd, 4th joint slightly shorter than 3rd; pronotum broad,

anterior and posterior border distinctly indented in the middle, the

former slightly elevated ; meso-and metanotum considerably narrower

than pronotum, their lateral margins rounded, posterior borders

concave,

PerothNoMhod ae TE ns dix 60m:

Length of head with mandible ae Cm;

Length of head without mandible .. .. .. 2,97 mm.

Wilco om Inga) à 2e 20 Se 05 oe on 2505

Videos promotiuniyeway mee ee lol E 4203-2419

Length of pronotum .. .. AIN nel WiC EAN) mans

Soldier (the smaller form).—Head yellow; abdomen straw-colour.

Head smooth; abdominal tergites moderately pilose, hairs micros-

copical.

Head oval, sides slightly converging anteriorly ; fontanelle minute ;

labrum lancet-shaped, elongated, with hyaline tip; antenna 17-joint-

ed, 2nd and 3rd joint as long as 4th; pronotum slightly narrower

than head, anterior and posterior borders weakly indented at middle,

the former convex.

LENOIR Modan Ma ET hoe ET DO CONTE

Length of head with mandible se 00300210

Length of head without mandible... .. .. 1,69-1,75 mm.

Widtheottheadi tt yA7=1, 56mm

ON idthrofepronotim~e ER eens rer 12 —1522 mame

enecthwofepronotums. 82.7 200%. 0. 3. O;724mm:

Worker (the larger form)—Head yellow; abdomen whitish ;

antenne brownish. Head sparingly pilose; abdominal tergites pro-

vided with subequal hairs.

Head round; fontanelle whitish, round; no rudiments of eye;

forehead in front of fontanelle depressed; basal portion of clypeus

shorter than half the width, slightly swollen; pronotum saddle-shaped ;

antenne 18-jointed, 2nd joint as long as 3rd, 4th joint shorter than 3rd.

572 M. OSHIMA:

Length of body? tà. “eh! RM Ve i RE OT

Widthof head pit der tn) SR MRO oom

Width of pronotum i ; i 1,88 mm.

Worker (the smaller form). —Apical portion of clypeus whitish,

its basal portion half as long as broad, markedly swollen; antenna

17-jointed, 3rd and 4th joints subequal, considerably shorter than 2nd.

Length oftbody. 2: 2% de CR Snr Gee O

Width ofhead .. <i. AI ME 2

Width of pronotum 1,88 mm.

Habitat. —Los-Banos, Luzon; collected by Prof. Baker.

Genus Odontotermes Holmgren.

14. Odontotermes (Odontotermes) celebensis nov. sp.

(Pl. Xs) He):

Imago unknown,

Soldier —Head yellow; mandible brown, basal part paler;

abdomen straw-colour. Head sparingly pilose; abdominal . tergites

densely provided with hairs.

Head ovoid; basal portion of clypeus short, not distinctly separat-

ed from forehead, its apical portion quadrate, short, with rounded

anterior corners; labrum tongue-shaped, apex pointed, not reaching

to middle of mandible ; mandibles sabre-shaped, with incurved pierc-

ing tip, the left mandible provided with a sharp tooth near the

middle of cutting edge, the right with a rudimental tooth in the

same position; antenne 17-jointed, 2nd joint as long as 3rd and 4th

taken together; submentum rectangular, three times as long as broad,

slightly converging anteriorly; pronotum narrower’ than head,

saddle-shaped, anterior and posterior borders indented at middle, the

former two-lobed, elevated.

Length of bodyaue) 2.2.7 sn a 00-6 selma

Length of head with mandible iu Wed als 845,06 imi

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 573

Length of head without mandible .. .. .. 1,72-1,88 mm.

Wieth of header. “2s. 4. a. «. 150-1,06 mm.

Widthe of pronotumiy a de. 62.0) 722 “WOO=1, 13m.

encthsofspronotumes. =a. 4. 955 9s. 3. 0,59-0,72 mm:

Worker (the larger form).—Head yellow, abdomen whitish. Head

sparingly provided with spiny hairs; abdominal tergites with a series

of spiny hairs along the posterior border.

Head round; fontanelle indistinct; basal portion of clypeus

markedly swollen; antenne 17-jointed, 2nd joint slightly longer than

3rd ; anterior border of pronotum two-lobed, slightly elevated.

Kenctheotnody: ieee) cml nie Moma

idonea Aut. Whoa bye UN a deme

Wrdithmofmpronottime 32° e. IN Ro ee) 6,84 mim.

Worker (the smaller form).—Antennz 17-jointed, 2nd joint as long

as 3rd and 4th taken together ; anterior border of pronotum slightly

concave at middle.

PERSON body 5.7 9a a RE Se BL 2. Kool.

Wadthmofsheads PEN MP EME EN is Too mini:

Width of pronotum NE ER 0,69 mm.

Habitat.—Maros, Celebes (April 25, 1913); Menado, Celebes

(May 19, 1913); Talisay Island (date unknown); all collected by Mr.

Kanehira.

Remarks.—In the present species, the soldiers vary greatly in

the dimensions of head. But as there exist intermediate forms

between extreme forms, it is impossible to draw a fast line to dis-

tinguish them into two castes,

574 M. OSHIMA :

Genus Eutermes Fr. Müller.

15. Eutermes (Hirtitermes) spinocephalus nov. sp.

(BIS Ro)

Imago unknown.

Soldier.—Head and pronotum brownish yellow; rostrum. slightly

darker; antennz paler; abdominal tergite grey; sternite greyish

yellow. Head, basal part of rostrum, and thorax densely provided

with very strong spiny hairs; abdominal tergites with two series of

stiff spiny hairs.

Head broadly oval, short; rostrum stout, markedly elongated,

its anterior surface making a marked curve with the anterior surface

of head; proximal part of antenne prominent; antenna 1 }3-jointed,

each joint elongated, 3rd joint as long as ist and more than twice

as long as 2nd, 4th joint shorter than half the length of 3rd and as

long as 5th; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border emarginate at

middle ; legs slender, long; cerci strong, pointed.

Length-of body... 2. <3 a 6 RR io

Length of head. with .rostrumi. ra oa

Length of head «without rostrum) CR NT 22 mi

\Widthzofchead COIN

Width-of)pronotumi. enue PR CC RO en

Worker.—Coloration and hairiness as in soldier, Pronotum some-

what paler; labrum densely provided with minute hairs,

Head pentagonal, flattened, with rounded corners; sutures of head

distinct, whitish; fontanelle triangular; basal portion of clypeus very

short, four times as broad as long, slightly swollen; antenna 14-

jointed, 3rd joint shorter than twice the length of 2nd, 4th joint

shorter than 2nd and sth; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border

scarcely emarginate at middle.

Length of body ab u. di EM

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. ERE

NME de. ad not. See ane Dos ho dol 12 mo

Widih of pronotum .. . SEAT RE AAC aio 09

Habitat —Tarakan, Dutch Borneo; collected by Mr. Kanehira on

May 23, 1913.

Remarks.—The nearest relative of this species appears to be

Eutermes (H.) hirtiventris Holmgren. However, the soldiers differ

from those of that species in having head densely provided with

spiny hairs, instead of being naked.

16. Eutermes (Eutermes) buitenzorgi Holmgren.

(Pig oe, tos 13),

Imago unknown.

Soldier.—Head reddish yellow ; rostrum brownish; antenne, legs

and abdominal tergites rusty yellow, shiny. Head pilose, microscopical

hairs mingled with longer spiny hairs; abdominal tergites provided

with short hairs, with a series of spiny hairs along posterior border.

Head stout, ovoid: rostrum conical, its anterior surface in level

with surface of head, slightly swollen dorsally at junction of rostrum ;

antenne 13-jointed, 3rd joint as long as Ist and longer than 2nd;

pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border weakly emarginate at middle.

Wensthrlof body 0 fs. ee MICO me?

Ieeneth, of headwwith rostrum, 40040: ba. fuse) 11,50: mm!

Wengthxof head without rostrum y).55 è 221.1: 10,03 mm!

Wiidtheotmheadie TR hh we Bam Uo). Weer! 097 mini

Widtheefprenotummgr. ut: al Ba Le tons o, pon

Worker—Head reddish brown; abdomen straw-colour; basal

portion of clypeus paler. Head moderately pilose, mingling a few

longer spiny hairs. Abdominal tergites provided with longer subequal

hairs.

Head pentagonal, with rounded posterior border; sutures of head

distinct, whitish; middle part of transversal band depressed ; basal

portion of clypeus shorter than half the width, considerably swollen ;

576 M. OSHIMA :

antenna 14-jointed, 2nd joint nearly as long as 4th; pronotum saddle-

shaped, anterior border weakly indented in the middle.

Length of body bietet, dati NP oche

Widthrof head" 3.0 =.) I

Width of pronotum ET. Bu) : .. 0,60 mm.

Habitat—Pengaran, Johore; collected by Mr. Kanehira on

August 2, 1913.

17. Eutermes (Eutermes) doboensis nov. sp.

(BIS tig. 12):

Imago unknown.

Soldier.—Head pale yellow; rostrum brownish; antenna yel-

lowish ; abdomen straw-colour. Head sparingly provided with spiny

hairs; abdominal tergites moderately pilose, with longer spiny hairs

along posterior border.

Head spherical; rostrum conical; front surface of head in level

with anterior surface of rostrum ; antenna 12-jointed, 3rd joint nearly

as long as 2nd, 4th and 2nd joint subequal ; pronotum saddle-shaped,

anterior border concave, not emarginate.

Length of body .. 2. CE AE Oommme

Length of head with rostrum) "PM PR same

Length of head without rostrum er 2a ees someone

Widthoof head 0 2s. An 128 oe RC 200

Width: of pronotam 7. 77. OS ANIME

Worker.—-Head yellowish; abdomen whitish; anterior corners of

transversal band brown; head and abdominal tergites densely pro-

vided with subequal hairs.

Head elongate-oval ; sutures of head indistinct ; basal portion of

clypeus swollen, much shorter than half the width: antenna 13-

jointed, 2nd joint as long as 3rd; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior

border strongly elevated.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 577

Benathrofibodsen es oe sce aa da ae 00,

VWidtheof Dean ss ase rte se le II 0,76: mm,

Width of pronotum .. . ro AAmm:

Habitat. —Dobo, Arue Island (Dutch New Guinea); collected by

Mr. Kanehira on May 17, 1913.

Remarks.—The present species is closely allied to Æwtermes

javanicus Holmgren, but has the 3rd joint of antenne in the soldier

as long as the 2nd, instead of being equal, while the head and

pronotum of the workers are much narrower.

18. Eutermes ‘Eutermes) sandakanensis nov. sp.

(Pl. Xi. 8);

Imago unknown.

Soldier—Very closely allied to Zutermes havilandi Desneax,

but the head is shorter and narrower and is provided with 13-jointed

antenne, in which the 2nd joint is subequal to the 3rd, and the 4th

joint longer than the 3rd.

Ikeneth#of body erat a. sf , «+ Wagiot2,5053;001Mm.

Kenethyof, headiwath rostgum)s-- aaa 1,25 mm.

Length of head without rostrum .. .. .. 0,75 mm.

SWüdtheolcheadsre as) Wa, dedi a OZ 5mm.

Width of pronctumere tx: ata Vee OAI mm:

Worker.—-Also closely resembling same of E. havilandi, Antenna

14-jointed, 3rd joint slightly shorter than the 2nd and twice as long as

the 4th; anterior part of transversal band not depressed; pronotum

saddleshaped, anterior border not emarginate.

En ANOMbOU ER A di. cel as cities gone

Widthyofsheadikfesguze era 3 al sr 1;00mm;

\Widthgoffpronotumi 7. 2... 22a. all 9,56

Habitat. —Sandakan, Borneo; collected by Mr. Kanehira on

August 7, 1913.

M. OSHIMA :

ee)

19. Eutermes (Sublitermes) Kanehire nov. sp.

(PI uz, fig TA):

Imago unknown.

Soldier.—Head dark brown, tip of rostrum paler; antenne and

abdomen straw-colour. Head pilose, microscopical hairs mingled with

longer spiny ones, the latter very few; abdominal tergites densely

provided with subequal hairs. |

Head ovoid, the sides strongly converging anteriorly ; rostrum

cylindrical, slender, shorter than head, its anterior surface making a

weak curve with the anterior surface of head; antenne 11-jointed,

2nd joint as long as 3rd; mandibles without apical portion ; pronotum

saddle-shaped, short, anterior border not emarginate.

Length offbedy en ZI a a ARA cet

Length of head «with rostrum I | V9) 9. 2 ne

Length of head ‘without restrum LE 0,75 nm.

Width of head: 2. ..7 zur 22, COR RE PERS GE ne

Width of pronofum i 4 u. Ve Ops) ND eaves

Worker.—Head pale yellow; abdomen whitish; anterior corners

of transversal band brown. Head microscopically pilose; abdominal

tergites very sparingly provided with hairs.

Head round; sutures of head indistinct; basal portion of elypeus

shorter than half the width; antenna 12-jointed, 2nd joint twice as

long as 3rd; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border not emarginate.

Length of body m UE DER D Be rem

Width: of head) 1 tit Er ORO omni

Width of pronotum .. . IT SOP ica:

Habitat.—Dobo, Arue Island (Dutch New Guinea); collected by

Mr. Kanehira on May 7, 1913.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 579

20. Eutermes (Tumulitermes) boetoni nov. sp.

(PL X., fig. 11).

Imago uuknown.

Soldier—Head dark brown; abdominal tergites yellowish brown,

sternites straw-colour ; antenna yellowish brown; anterior border of

pronotum brown. Head sparingly provided with long spiny hairs ;

abdominal tergites densely covered with minute hairs, with a series

of longer spiny hairs along the posterior border.

Head broadly oval, the sides converging anteriorly; rostrum

conical, its anterior surface in a plane with the anterior surface of

head ; basal part of rostrum slightly swollen dorsally; antenna 13-

jointed, 3rd joint as long as or slightly longer than 2nd, 4th joint

shorter than 3rd; pronotum saddle-shaped, very short, with anterior

border convex, not emarginate.

Kepathmotebody <> <A 9 0 a ee FRE ER 506 Som:

Lensth’ofrhead with rostrum .. .. .. : 1%528=1,38'meai.

Length of head without rostrum .. .. .. 0,84mm.

Widenoot head ya e ER Ina “Osama.

Width ofipronotumt I. 2. 22 12: 9:. N OMT mm:

Worker —Head chestnut brown; sutures of head, anterior border

of transversal band, basal portion of clypeus, and abdomen pale

yellow. Head and abdominal tergites provided with subequal hairs.

Head quadrate, slightly longer than broad; basal portion of

clypeus swollen, nearly half as long as broad; antenna 14-jointed,

2nd joint as long as 3rd, 4th joint shorter than 3rd; mandibles with

slender, short apical portion; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border

not emarginate.

Eee feto ci AR O ol MME eh" o mm.

NARBONNE dieta MRC ice co MER ii do negra:

Widthrofrpronetumu rt. get ARE | Mur 0/44 mm:

580 M. OSHIMA :

Habitat.—Boeton, Celebes; collected by Mr. Kanehira on April

20; 1913;

21. Eutermes (Trinervitermes) menadoensis nov. sp.

(PI. X., figs. 9-10).

Imago unknown.

Soldier (the larger form).—Head reddish brown, abdomen straw-

coloured. Head coarsely provided with microscopical hairs, mingled

with a few longer spiny hairs; abdominal tergites moderately pilose,

with a series of longer spiny hairs along the posterior border.

Head broadly oval; rostrum conical, its anterior surface in the

same plane as the anterior surface of head, with a slight swelling

behind the junction to head; antenne 13-jointed, 3rd joint twice as

long as 2nd, 4th joint as long as 2nd; mandibles with rudimentary

apical portion; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border scarcely in-

dented in the middle, sides rounded.

Length of} body .. 4% .. La fa a

Length of head’ with rostrum. 22) 22022 simpa

Length of head without rostrum .. .. .. 1,00-1,09 mm.

Width, of head .: <4 Gs 2:8 OO FIT

Width; of; pronotum ira aeneon

Soldier (the smaller form).—With all the characters of the larger

form but smaller.

Length tof body. ni. pvt een: «| stall 2 COR 20e

Length..of head withasrostrume + 40 107 152-108 088

Length of head without rostrum .. .. .. 0,97-1,00mm.

Width. of head. stato, ia MRO

Width ‘of pronotum ... NO COIN

Worker.—Head dark brown; basal portion of clypeus pale

yellow ; sutures of head and abdomen yellowish white. Head spar-

ingly pilose ; abdominal tergites provided with short hairs.

EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 581

Head nearly pentagonal, sides slightly converging anteriorly ;

basal portion of clypeus shorter than half the width, markedly

swollen; antenne 14-jointed, 2nd joint as long as 3rd, 4th joint

shorter than 3rd; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border not

emarginate.

Sénat ONE ae re nl 05,00 DIN;

Widthiofibeadanto ee ta a Kam:

Width of pronotum .. .. i au 07

Habitat.—Menado, Celebes (May 19. 1913); Sandakan, Borneo

(July 9, 1913); collected by Mr. Kanehira.

22. Eutermes (Grallatotermes) luzonicus nov. sp.

(EE os AE 10).

Imago unknown.

Soldier (the larger form).—Head dark brown; abdomen dark

yellow, shiny. Head very sparingly provided with spiny hairs;

abdominal tergites densely provided with minute hairs, two or three

posterior tergites with longer spiny hairs along the posterior border.

Head broadly oval; rostrum conical, its anterior surface making

a curve with the anterior surface of head, basal part slightly swollen

dorsally ; mandibles with a short apical portion; antennz 13-jointed,

3rd and 4th joints longer than 2nd; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior

border slightly emarginate at middle, posterior border rounded.

ITenethiofbodyak:}/ 62% ee ee. 4:00 mm.

Length of head with rostrum .. .. .: .. 4,78-1,8I mm.

Length of head without mandible .. .. .. 1,06 mm.

Wicthxefgheadske dh. e... i... .. ¥,10-1,22 mm.

Soldier (the smaller form)—Head and abdominal tergites nearly

smooth, very sparingly provided with spiny hairs; antenne 13-

jointed, 3rd joint nearly as long as 2nd.

582 M. OSHIMA:

Length of body ny AM EDEN M PME SE

Leneth«of head ‘with fostrtim MO er oma

Length of head without rostrum .. .. .. 1,00mm.

Widthvof header Rn ei eee too

Widthsef pronotum, RE CR EE 0,50 mm.

Worker (the larger form). —Head chestnut brown, sparingly pro-

vided with spiny hairs; abdominal tergites covered with minute hairs,

posterior ones with longer hairs.

Head quadrate, with rounded posterior border; sutures of head

distinct ; basal portion of clypeus much shorter than half the width,

slightly swollen; antenna 14-jointed, 3rd joint longer than 2nd, 4th

joint shorter than 3rd; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior border two-

lobed.

Length of Body 2.0.4 BL la ARR gee. CO

Width of Head .: Tas u | Eee

Width of pronotum' +... refrain

Worker (the smaller form).—Head dark brown, transversal band

considerably paler. Head coarsely pilose, abdominal tergites densely

provided with minute hairs, with a series of spiny hairs along the

posterior border ; sutures of head very distinct; antenna: 14-jointed,

2nd joint as long as 3rd, 4th joint much shorter than 3rd; pronotum

saddle-shaped, anterior and posterior borders rounded, not emarginate

at middle.

Length''of body. NE FE (ANIM. ON CNET RES Onna

Width off head) Lia one sam ues Se RENO; ARTE

Width «of pronotum +... u wu TN en ee Dez dona

Habitat.— Los-Banos, Luzon; collected by Prof. Baker.

BAST INDIAN TERMITES: 58

Genus Microcerotermes Wasmann.

23. Microcerotermes los-banosensis nov. sp.

(BITTE RO):

Imago unknown.

Soldier—Head yellow; mandibles brown; abdomen white. Head

very sparingly pilose; abdominal tergites thinly provided with

microscopical hairs.

Head quadrangular, elongated, with rounded corners, slightly

vaulted dorsally, truncated in front; no fontanelle; posterior border

of clypeus arcuate, anterior border straight; labrum short and broad,

tongue-shaped ; mandibles slender, sabre-shaped, with strongly in-

curved piercing tip, masticating edge minutely serrated; antenna 13-

jointed, Ist joint very stout, 3rd joint shorter and narrower than 2nd,

Ath joint as long as 2nd; pronotum saddle-shaped, anterior and

posterior border rounded.

encthpet body sog. fs 4. 22. I 550 mm:

Length of head with mandible ne ea Be 256-2, 60 mm.

Length of head without mandible... .. .. 1,66-1,72 mm.

Width of head 1,03 mm.

Width of, prenoti mal 3; OR NL ON UN CAM:

Menothtiokspronotunuiy sae Mi ai je... 0,66: mm.

Worker.—Head pale yellow; abdomen white. Head moderately

pilose ; abdominal tergites deusely provided with minute hairs.

Head broadly oval, slightly longer than broad; sutures of hea‘

indistinct, whitish; basal portion of clypeus half as long as broad,

anterior border straight, posterior border convex, slightly swollen,

with a shallow median groove; antenna 13-jointed, 3rd joint minute,

half as long as 2nd, 4th joint langer than 3rd; pronotum saddle-

shaped, anterior border slightly emarginate at middle.

584 M. OSHIMA :

Length of body 47 > mr rn RP 20)

Width of head PME PR RO CITE

Width of pronotum =. “se Je ve ee (Oo MIE

Habitat.—Los-Banos, Luzon; collected o Prof. Baker.

24. Microcerotermes distans (Haviland).

(PL, “iiss 15):

Soldier.—Head reddish yellow ; pronotum yellow ; abdomen straw-

coloured, with dark white patches due to the contents of alimentary canal.

Head cylindrical, flattened, truncated in front; fontanelle distinct,

minute, situated just behind forehead; labrum tongue-shaped, broad,

with pointed tip; mandibles sabre-shaped, masticating edge irregularly

serrated ; antenne 13-jointed, 2nd joint twice as long as 3rd; pronotum

saddle-shaped, anterior border distinctly indented in the middle ; apical

joint of tibia with 3 spines at tip.

Length “of ‘body Lui mr. “Fe PR 53050, comm

Length of head with mandible DORE NS OI:

Length of head without mandible .. .. .. 1,94 mm.

Widthrofthead M NM M eee aa

Width of pronotum, TON ae Serene

Length. of 'pronotum —. RENE MIO piane

Worker.—Head pale brown, abdomen whitish. Head sparingly

pilose ; abdominal tergites densely provided with hairs.

Head round; basal portion of clypeus markedly swollen, half as

long as broad, anterior border straight, posterior border convex ;

fontanelle indistinct; antenna 13-jointed, 2nd joint longer than 3rd;

pronotum saddle-shaped.

Length of body 0 en DORMI, ROTTO:

Width of head: 100%, >> SEN a cone

Width of pronotiim 4) PEL TO 0772009 mm

Habitat—Ambon, Moluccas; collected by Mr. Kanehira, date

unknown.

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EAST INDIAN TERMITES. 585

Explanation of plates,

Plate IX.

Coptotermes flavicephalus. Soldier.

Coptotermes bornensis. Soldier.

Coptotermes dobonicus. Soldier.

Coptotermes travians. Soldier.

Coptotermes hongkonensis. Soldier.

Termes (T.) Copelandi. Smaller form of soldier.

Termes (T.) Copelandi. Larger form of soldier.

Termes (M.) philippinensis. Smaller form of soldier.

Termes (M.) philippinensis. Larger form of soldier.

Termes (M.) luzonensis. Smaller form of soldier.

Termes (M.) luzonensis. Larger form of soldier.

Odontotermes (O.) celebensis. Soldier.

Plate X.

Parrhinotermes inaequalis. Soldier.

Rhinotermes (S.) tarakanensis. Smaller form of soldier.

Rhinotermes (S.) longirostris. Smaller form of soldier.

Rhinotermes (S.) longirostris. Larger form of soldier.

Microcerotermes distans. Soldier.

Microcerotermes los-banosensis. Soldier.

Eutermes (H.) spinocephalus. Soldier.

Eutermes (E.) sandakanensis. Soldier.

Eutermes (Tr.) menadoensis. Larger form of soldier.

Eutermes (Tr.) menadoensis. Smaller form of soldier.

Eutermes (Tum.) boetoni. Soldier.

Eutermes (E.) doboensis. Soldier.

Eutermes (E.) buitenzorgi Soldier.

Eutermes (S.) Kanehirae. Soldier.

Eutermes (G.) luzonicus. Larger form of soldier.

Eutermes (G.) luzonicus. Smaller form of soldier.

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Notes on the Japanese Myopsida.

Madoka Sasaki, Aigakushi.

College of Agriculture, TOhoku Imperial University, Sapporo.

With 2 plates and 1 textfigure.

In the present paper, the Myopsids alone will be considered, re-

serving the remaining groups to future publications. The material

consisted principally of the specimens in the Museum of the Science

College, Tokyo, in addition to which were examined those preserved

in the Imperial Museum (Tokyo), in the Fishery Bureau, in the

Fishery Institute of Namerikawa (Toyama Prefecture), in the Fishery

Experimental Institute of Takashima (Hokkaido), and in the Sapporo

College of Agriculture.”

Species known to me at present of the Japanese Myopsida group

themselves into thirteen genera represented by forty-four species, of

which five are doubtful and another five are new to science. The list

is as follows :—

I. Luprymna morsei (Verrill).

2. Euprymna similis n. sp.

3. [Sepiola japonica Tilesius & d’Orbigny.]

4. Jmioteuthis tnioteuthis (Naef).

1) I wish here to express my thanks to Professor S. Watase under whose supervi-

sion the work was done. I wish also to acknowledge my indebtedness to Professor S.

Hatta for various acts of courtesy. My thanks are also due to Professor T. Iwakawa and

further to Messrs. T. Kitahara, K. Tago, I. Moriwaki and K. Koishi for kindly placing

specimens under their charge at my disposal.

MADOKA SASAKI:

Inioteuthis parva n. sp.

Sepiolina nipponensis (Berry).

Sepiadarium kochii Steenstrup.

Rossia pacifica Berry.

Promachoteuthis megaptera Hoyle.

Idiosepius pygmaeus Steenstrup.

Loligo edulis Hoyle.

Loligo chinensis Gray.

Loligo japonica Steenstrup.

[Zoligo teradinamia Ortmann.]

Loligo sumatrensis d'Orbigny.

Loligo kobiensis Hoyle.

Loligo aspera Ortmann.

Loligo bleckeri Keferstein.

Sepioteuthis lessoniana Férussac.

Sepioteuthis sieboldi Joubin.

[Sepioteuthis brevis Owen.]

[Sepioteuthis sinensis d’Orbigny.]

Sepia torosa Ortmann.

Sepia formosana Berry.

Sepia aculeata Van Hasselt.

Sepia subaculeata n. sp.

Sepia esculenta Hoyle.

Sepia elliptica Hoyle.

Sepia hercules Pilsbry.

Sepia myrsus Gray.

Sepia (Doratosepion) andreana Steenstrup.

Sepia (Doratosepion) andreanoides Hoyle.

Sepia (Doratosepion) pardalis n. sp.

Sepia (Doratosepion) tokyoensis Ortmann.

Sepia (Doratoscpion) misakiensis Wülker.

Sepia (Doratosepion) kobiensis Hoyle.

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 589

37. Sepia (Doratosepion) petersensi Appellöf.

38. Sepia (Doratosepion) appellüfi Wülker.

39. Sepia (Doratosepion) lorigera Wülker.

40. Sepia (Doratosepion) longipes n. Sp.

41. Metasepia tullbergi (Appellöf).

42. Sepiella maindront de Rochebrune.

43. Sepiella inermis (Van Hasselt).

44. [Sepiella sinensis (d'Orbigny).]

The species in square brackets are those which are either quite

doubtful or are possibly synonymous with some other species.

Division MYOPSIDA d’Orbigny 1846.

Fam. SEPIOLIDÆ Steenstrup 1861.

Subfam. SEPIOLINÆ.

Genus Euprymma Steenstrup 1887.

1. Euprymna morsei (Verrill 1881) sens. lim.

Local name: Mimi-ika (Tokyo, Sagami, Kagoshima),

Dango-ika (Etchü), Hidoko-ika (Nagasaki).

Plate XI figs: 14.

Inioteuthis morset, Verrill 1881, p. 417, foot note (Yeddo Bay),

pip—Appelloftn386;*p: 15, pl. it, figs.) 15, 16; pl. iii, figs.

16, 19, 20, 23 (Nagasaki). —Hoyle 1886, p. 112, pl. xiv, figs.

1-9 (Kobe Bay).—Ortmann 1888, pp. 647, 665, pl. xxi, fig.

7; pl. xxii, fig. 3 (Tékyo Bay, Kadsiyama, Kagoshima).—

Goodrich 1896. p. 3 (Andamans).—Joubin 1897, p. 101 (Naga-

saki, Philippines).—Joubin 1902, p. 97, figs. 11, 12.

Sepiola bursa, Pfeffer 1884, p. 6, fig. 6 (Hongkong).

Euprymna morset, Steenstrup 1887, pp. 66,89.—Hoyle 1904, p. 26.

590 MADOKA SASAKI:

—Hoyle 1904a, p. 198 (Ceylon).—Hoyle 1905, p. 981 (Kolu-

madulu Atoll, Indian Sea).—Berry 1909, p. 418 (Hawaiian

Island).— Wiilker 1910, p. 9, pl. i, fig. 9; pl. iti, figs. 23,

24; pl. iv, fig. 40 (Misaki and Dzushi).—Naef 1912, p. 247.

—Berry 1912a, p. 408, pl. vi, figs. 1, 2 (Tékyo Bay, Wakano-

ura, Onomichi, Nagasaki, Japan; Takao, Formosa; Hong-

kong).

List of specimens examined.

Specimens. Locality | Date Where preserved

29: Kagoshima | March 29, 1896 Sci Coll.

15, 22 : Ta Bungo Prov, > March 13, 1899 do 7

6 juv. Hososhima, Hiuga Prov. March 15, 1899 do

19. Miyazu Bay July 9, 1903 = ì

se Horii, Shimo-osa Prov. = May 2, 1906 do

69. IRE IRR 1906 do

ASS Ohmura Bay | | Dec. 1908 5 do

36; 45° Namerikawa, Etchù Prov. April 29, 1913 | Agr. Coll.

IS Himi, Etchù Prov. ì May 8, 1913 do

ASS Sumoto, Awaji en — Sci Coll.

IS Misaki — do

29: Nagasaki È | — Agr. € oll.

The principal characteristics of this species lie in the tentacular

suckers being elongated into a goblet-like shape and provided each

with a minute aperture leading into a passage which communicates

at right angles with the cavity of the long bell-shaped horny ring

(Pl. XI, figs. 3, 4), and in the arm-suckers of males being very unequal

in size, several of the marginal series on both sides in the second,

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 591

third and fourth arms being much larger than any other of the suckers

(Pls XIs fig.=1),

2. Euprymna similis sp. nov.

PI. XI, figs. 5-8.

Euprymna morsei, Verrill 1881, p. 417, foot note (Yeddo Bay),

P-p=::

Diagnosis. Body oblong, rounded behind as usual in the Sepiolidæ,

and slightly longer than broad, the breadth being’ equal to about

three-fourths the length; fins subcircular, notched at the anterior

attachment to body and slightly longer than half the length of

mantle. Mantle joins the head dorsally by a broad ligament, the

breadth of which is about equal to the distance from eye to eye. Head

a little narrower than body, with slightly prominent eyes. Siphon

slenderly conical, nearly extending to the angle between ventral

arms; siphonal clasping apparatus elliptical, with a deep median

groove for clasping the linear cartilaginous ridge of mantle.

Arms rather unequal, the order of length being 2, 3, 4=1; the

longest is as long as the mantle; all are slender and taper gradual-

ly towards end; the carination of their outer surface indistinct.

Suckers somewhat spherical with small aperture and slender peduncle,

arranged in four series, except a few basal and terminal ones which

are in two series; size of suckers greatly differs in the sexes, In the

female they are all equally small, while in the male those of margi-

nal series are always larger than those of inner series, and again,

those of ventral marginal series are much larger than those belong-

ing to dorsal marginal series. The last characterization is especially

distinct in the second, third and fourth arms (PI. XI, fig. 5). Horny

ring of suckers with entire edges, that in the smaller suckers oval in

shape with the long axis transversely directed; that in the larger

ones with the upper and lower margins somewhat projecting forward

and beak-like (Pl. XI, fig. 6).

592 MADOKA SASAKI:

The hectocotylus is the left dorsal, as usual'in Zuprymna, closely

resembling in its features that of 4. morsei. There are in the pro-

ximal half of the hectocotylus about thirty small and spherical suckers

arranged nearly in four series and of which the three or four dis-

talmost of the dorsal side are larger than the others. Two nipple-

like protuberances project from the suckers at the ventro-proximal

part. The distal half of the hectocotylus is provided with about forty

unstalked cylindrical suckers which are a little laterally compressed

at their end, and are closely arranged in three or four series except

in the terminal parts where they are arranged generally in two series

(Pla OS A680).

Tentacles nearly as long as the mantle, sometimes much longer ;

stem flattened on the inner side, rounded on the outer, and the in-

ner dorsal angle produced into a thin membrane which distally widens

a little; club not expanded, rather short, being of about one-sixth the

length of tentacle, pointed at the end; suckers arranged in numerous

series, exceedingly small, greatly elongated at base; not goblet-

shaped as in £. morsei, but very short and spherical or subcylindri-

cal, with minute aperture, the horny edge of which is entire and is

surrounded by a broad papillary area (Pl. XI, fig. 7, 8). |

Skin smooth throughout, spotted all over with purplish brown

chromatophores in alcoholic specimens. Luminous organ developed

in mantle cavity. Gladius absent.

Type. Male obtained at Takashima, and female at Oshoro; both

May : 12, 1909; preserved in alcohol. Both the localities are in

Hokkaido.

Measurements of the types :

Male Femal>

mm, mm.

Dorsal length of mantle (between nuchal ligament

and” posterior end "or miantlejme ns. eee 24 33

Ventral length oh mantle a. geen ER 25 35

Breadth'of:mantle. Ree sce Sh Re ee ae 19 24

NOTES ON. THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA.

Male

mm.

Length of head (between nuchal ligament and um-

brella margin between dorsal arms

Breadth of head

Breadth of nuchal ligament

Length of fin

Breadth of fin

Length of fin at plane of attachment

Distance from mantle margin to anterior end of

fin attachment

Length of first arm (right)

» second arm (do)

» > third arm (do)

» 5, fourth arm (do)

Length of tentacle (do)

> an <lüb (do)

List of cotypes.

593

Female

mm.

Specimens | Mantle-length Locality Date Where preserved

IS 19mm Takashima, Ilokkaido May 12, 1909 Agr. Coll.

x : = Of Wakimoto, Oshima TRIO Fish. Exp. Inst.

35 19 mm in each Prov., Hokkaido SII RICCA Takashima

25 19 mm Misaki = Agr. Coll.

1S 32mm Oshoro, Hokkaido May 12, 1909 do

po 22.5 min Takashima Oct. 3, 1910 do

Off Kikonai, Oshima -

ne 29 mm cem Hol. Oct. 19, 1912 do

Remarks, The present species has a very close affinity to the

precediug Æ. morsei, but differs from it very markedly in the shape

of tentacular suckers and

in the

size of arm-suckers

in the male.

594 MADOKA SASAKI :

Small as these differences may seem, I consider them sufficiently im-

portant to be used for the specific distinction, The characters in

question were found to be constant, and although a large series of

specimens have been examined, no intermediate forms between the

two species have as yet been discovered.

Genus Sepiola Leach 1817.

8. [Sepiola japonica Tilesius et d’Orbigny, 1839.]

Sepiola japonica, d’Orbigny (from Tilesus MS.) in d’Orb. et

Férussac 1839, p. 234 (Japan).—d’Orbigny 1845, p. 251.

Sepiola ? japonica. Gray 1849, p. 93.—Tryon 1870, p. 157.

This is at best a doubtful species.

Genus Inioteuthis Verrill 1881.

4. Inioteuthis inioteuthis (Naef 1912).

Local name: Chôchin-ika (Himi, Etchù Prov.), Dango-ika

(Namerikawa, Etchù Prov.).

Inioteuthis japonica, Verrill 1881, p. 417, foot note (Yeddo:

Bay).— Ortmann 1888, p. 647, pl. xxi, fig. 6; pl. xxii, fig. 2

(Tokyo Bay).—Joubin 1897, p. 101 (Nagasaki).—Joubin 1902,

p. 95, fig. 10.—Hoyle 1904, p. 27,—Wiilker 1910, p. 10:

(Misaki, Entrance of Uraga channel).—Berry 1912a, p. 405,

pl. v, fig. 5 (Tokyo Bay; Matsushima, Rikuzen; Enoshima,

Sagami).

Sepiola inioteuthis, Naef 1912, p. 268.

This species which was first taken by Verrill to be identical with

the preceding doubtful Sepzola japonica, though assigning it to his

Inioteuthis, was later made by Naef into a new species under the name

of Sepiola inioteuthis. While I regard it proper to accept Verrill’s

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 595

generic designation for the species, Naef’s specific name may well be

retained until a more precise knowledge than we have at present

about the Sepiolid in question would necessitate a change.

5. Inioteuthis parva sp. nov.

BLEXT fies. 9, 10:

Diagnosis. Body short, somewhat spherical, about as long as

broad, rounded behind as usual. Fins moderately large, nearly circular

in outline, longer than half the length of mantle, joined in the middle

of mantle-length, notched at the anterior attachment, the line of at-

tachment very short, being not longer than about one-third the

mantle-length ; mantle joined to head by a skin which is narrower

than the distance between eyes. Head large, about as broad as

body, with big eye-balls; siphon long, reaching the angle between

ventral arms, conical at base and tubular distally.

Arms subequal, the order of their length being 3, 2, 1=4, the

longest as long as mantle. Suckers nearly spherical, with small

aperture, distinctly arranged in two series, their size differing in

different arms as follows: In the first arm (right side), there are

about thirty equally small suckers. In the second arm, proximal

forty suckers are very large, except the two basalmost which are as

small as those of the first arm; distally there are about eight small

terminal ones. Third arm similarly provided with suckers as the

second, only here the large suckers number about sixteen and the

small terminal ones about twelve. In the fourth arm, there are in

all about twenty-five suckers, of which the middle ones are a little

larger than the rest, but not so large as the largest in the second and

third arms. The suckers have horny rings with entire edge (Pl. XI,

fig. 9).

The hectocotylus is the left dorsal arm (Pl. XI, fig. 10). The

suckers on it are arranged in two series, right and left. The

596 MADOKA SASAKI:

left series is made up as follows: two basalmost suckers small; then

there is a large papilla-like process, followed by two small suckers ;

after that there come two or three large ones, in their turn followed

distally by a close series of eleven or twelve peculiar unstalked and

cylindrical suckers. In the right series, there are at base two small

suckers which are a little larger than the opposite ones of the left

series; then there follow four suckers which are about as large as the

largest ones of the left; finally there occur about eleven or twelve

suckers similar to, but a little shorter than, those in corresponding

position of the other side.

Tentacles slightly shorter than twice the length of longest arm;

club a little swollen in the middle and narrowed towards the pointed

extremity, with a long web along back; sucker uniformly minute,

arranged in about eight series.

Skin smooth and dotted all over with relatively large chromato-

phores. Luminous organ of the mantle cavity well developed. Gladius

absent.

Type. Two & specimens in alcohol, Tokyo Bay, July 1910

(Sci. Coll.). The measurements are as follows:

mm, mm.

Lengthyof mantléd(wentral) >. BE SER Er IO Il

Length sfiiheady bass. sod dee. ae ee 7 7

Breadth of; body n. mark - vati Er eee 10 10.6

Breadth iabchead tig ee Atenea ee se 9.8 10.2

Breadth ofsfiny ic Zucker Be RE 5 5.4

Length of: fin. dint otto aloe BI G sein 6.5

Distance: from mantle-margin to anterior attach-

ment ofpdin:.:i degli COR a) O0 UE 3.1 3:3

Extent ofattachmentsoipinghrg Fer ee be we: Sue 48 355

Length of fisstiatm (ight) ee ee ae 8 8.3

,, ir secondary (dels. lasik ati MER CEE 9.5 IO

$ jothirdnarm Wido)ssiies) ox... Hoss 9.8 17.8

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 597

mm. mm,

Length of fourthearm- (right)... cee es 8.5 8.5

PLCORACIOM(AG)nanier er sc nenne. 16.5 16

LE]

Genus Sepiolina Naef 1912.

6. Sepiolina nipponensis (Berry 1911).

Stoloteuthis nipponensis, Berry 1911a, p. 36, 1 textfig. (Suruga

Bay).—Berry 1912a, p. 414, pl. v, figs. 1-4.

Sepiolina nipponensis, Naef 1912, p. 248.

List of specimens examined by me:

i. Two 6, specimens Kagoshima, Aug. 12, 1899 (Sci. Coll.).

Mantle-length 18.5 mm, 20mm.

ii. Two &, specimens Kagoshima, March 20, 1912 (Agr. Coll.).

Mantle-length 18 mm, 19 mm.

The specimens do not tally well with the genus Szoloteuthis of

Verrill, but may be left in the genus Sepzolina. Comparing them

with Berry’s original description of the species, the following differences

are noticeable: the umbrellas between the arms are all pretty wide

and especially so between the dorsal arms where the umbrella ex-

tends to about the middle of the arms, instead of all being similarly

narrow ; the fins are not so large as to extend to the anterior margin

of mantle, but are rather small as usual in Sepiolids; the order of

armsı1s 23,71, 4, unstead@toft2; 1% 3,4.

Subfam. SEPIADARINZ.

Genus Sepiadarium Steenstrup 1881.

7. Sepiadarium kochii Steenstrup 1881.

Sepiadarium kochii, Steenstrup 1881, p. 214, pl. i, figs. 1-10

(Hongkong, India).—Brock 1887, p. 595 (Amboina).—Good-

rich 1896, p. 3 (Off the southern coast of Ceylon, Andamans).

—Appellof 1898, p. 593, pl. xxxii, figs. 9, 10; pl. xxxili,

598

MADOKA SASAKI:

figs. (4, 19, 21 pl. sex xiv, MES 2300825) 27.—Hoyle 1904a,

p. 198 (Ceylon).

List of specimens examined.

Specimens| Mantle-length

Locality

Date

Where preserved

12 mm

13 mm

Enoura, Suruga

April 1886

Sci. Coll.

Off Nukumi, Satsuma

April 8, 1896

15-16 mm

Beppu, Bungo

March 13, 1899

13.5 mm

Kurihama, Musashi

16 mm in each

April 8, 1911

Nagasaki

Specimens examined differ from Steenstrup’s original description

of the species in that the six or seven proximal suckers in all the

arms are distinctly smaller than the others more distally situated,

instead of being of a uniform size as represented in his figures; in that

the order of arms is 3, 2, I, 4, and not

I, 3,4, 3 as given by him;

and finally in the normal suckers of the proximal part of the hecto-

cotylus numbering 15, instead of 17 or 18.

Subfam,

ROSSINZE.

Genus Rossia Owen 1834.

8. Rossia pacifica Berry 1911.

Rossia pacifica, Berry

TOI Wp: 501

(Behm Canal, Alaska)

Berry 1912, p. 290, pls. xli-xlii; pl. xliii, figs. 1-4; pl. xliv,

figs. 1, 5 (Alaska, Washington, California).

?Rossia sp. Berry 1912a, p. 417 (Off the northwestern coast of

Honshü).

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 599

List of specimens examined.

Specimens| Mantle-length Locality Date Where preserved

51mm Namerikawa, Etchù May 23, 1905 Sci. Coll.

62-41 mm Hakodate, Hokkaido Jan. 21, 1908 do

70 mm Takashima, Hokkaido Feb. 1909 Agr. Coll.

38-20 mm Namerikawa, Etchù April 25, 1913 do

76 mm Uodzu, Etchù

Genus Promachoteuthis Hoyle 1885.

A genus of very doubtful systematic position.

9. Promachoteuthis megaptera Hoyle 1885.

Promachoteuthis megaptera, Hoyle 1885, p. 273, fig. 109 (North-

east of Nosima).—Hoyle 1885a, p. 182.—Hoyle 1885b, p.

284.—Hoyle 1886, p. 120, pl. xiv, figs. 10-14, textfig. 3.—

Joubin 1902, p. 109, fig. 17.—Berry 1912a, p. 417.

No new observation on the species has been made since it was

first described by Hoyle from a specimen obtained by the Challenger.

Fam. IDIOSEPIIDA Appellof 1898.

Genus Idiosepius Steenstrup 1881.

10. Idiosepius pygmæus Steenstrup 1881.

Japanese: Hina-ika (n.n.).

Idiosepius pygmaeus, Steenstrup 1881, p. 219, pl. i, figs. 11-22

(Near Singapore and Philippine Islands).—Appellôf 1898, pp.

600 MADOKA SASAKI:

562, 572, pl. xxxil, figs. 1-5, 7 pl Rx figs ur ES 20 22:

pl. xxxiv, figs. 24, 26, 29, 30 (Ternate).—Wülker 1910, p. 22.

Microteuthis paradoxa, Ortmann 1888, p. 649, pl. xxii, fig. 4

(Kadsiyama).—Joubin 1902, p. 105, fig. 15.

Idiosepius paradoxa, Berry 1912a, p. 405.

List of specimens examined by me:

i. Six specimens 3 4, 39, Misaki, Dec. 29, 1908 (Agr. Coll.).

Mantle-length 8—6.5 mm.

ii. Four specimens 14, 39, Inland Sea (Agr. Coll.). Mantle-

length 7—9 mm.

The Japanese specimens deviate from Steenstrup’s description in

some noteworthy points. According to him, each hectocotylus has

only one sucker and no valve at all; whereas, I find in the speci-

mens before me that the right hectocotylus is provided with 3-5, and

the left hectocotylus with 4-7 suckers (this characterization agrees with

that of Appellöf’s specimens from Ternate), and that there exists a

semicircular membrane at the extremity of the left hectocotylus. Further,

the tentacles are about as thick as the arms and about twice as long

as the longest arm, the distal half or three-fourths of the length

being taken up by the club, while according to Steenstrup they

should be much thinner than the arms, and the club shorter than

half the entire length of tentacle.

Fam. LOLIGINIDÆ Steenstrup 1861.

Genus Loligo Schneider 1784.

11. Loligo edulis Hoyle 1885.

Local name: Kensaki-ika (Tokyo), Gotò-ika (Oshima, Idzu

Prov.), Aka-ika (Etchù Prov.).

Loligo edulis, Hoyle 1885a, p. 186 (Yokohama market).—Hoyle

1885b, p. 281.—Hoyle 1886, p. 152, pl. xxiii—Ortmann

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA.

601

1888, p. 663.—Brazier 1892, p. 16 (Port Jackson, Australia).

— Berry 1912a, p. 398.

Samé, Mutsu Prov.).

List of specimens examined.

(Tokyo Bay; Wakanoura; Aomori ;

Date

Where preserved

No. Specimens Locality

i ne Akune, Satsuma

eS IS Oshima, Izu

iii 258, 109. Misaki

iv Sa dee Misaki

Ea 3 Juv. Hayakawa, Odawara

vi IS Misaki

vii IS Namerikawa, Etchù

Ca 15 Namerikawa

April 20, 1896 Sci. Coll.

- do

May 24, 1896 do

1896 do

Dec. 22, 1908 do

Nov. 1908 do

May, 1913 Agr. Coll.

Fish, Inst.

July 15, 1913

Namerikawa

Specimens Nos. vii and viii differ a little from the Challenger speci-

men in the hectocotylized arm bearing very minute suckers on the

conical papille of the terminal portion, instead of being entirely with-

out them.

This is the largest of Zo/igo species occurring in Japan and is one

of the commonest.

less common in the northern parts.

Local name:

12. Loligo chinensis Gray 1849.

Aka-ika (Nagasaki).

It is most abundant in South Japan and becomes

Loligo chinensis, Gray 1849, p. 74 (China). —Tryon, 1879, p.

145.—Ortmann 1888, p. 657, pl. xxiv; pl. xxv, figs. 2a-2d

602 MADOKA SASAKI:

(Tokyo Bay, Kadsiyama).—Berry 1912a, p. 398.

List of specimens examined by me.

i. One @ specimen, Shigeki-mura, Nagasaki Pref., Dec. 22, 1908

(Sci. Coll.). Mantle-length 105 mm.

i. Two @ specimens, Nagasaki (Agr. Coll.). Mantle-length

63 mm, 80mm.

13. Loligo japonica Steenstrup 1885.

Local name: Bôzu-ika (Etchù), Hi-ika (Tottori).

Loligo japonica, Steenstrup MS. in Hoyle 1885a, p. 187 (Yoko-

hama market).—in Hoyle 1885b, p. 290.—Hoyle 1886, p.

157, pl. xxiv, figs. 7-15.—Ortmann 1888, p. 663.—Wülker

1910, p. 10 (Misaki).—Berry 1912a, p. 399.

List of specimens examined.

Specimens Locality Where preserved

Be Tokyo market Oct. 1, 1885

Sagami Bay Feb. 16, 1901

Shimané Prefecture Nov. 10, 1905

Omura Bay Dec. 1908

25%, 202. Uodzu, Etchù April 25, 1913

198, 152. Namerikawa, Etchù April 27, 1913

SA Oshoro, Hokkaido July 29, 1913

This species is very common in northern Japan. The arm-suckers

of the males are larger than those of the females, as shown in the

following table:

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 603

Specimens Female

Measurements

Mantle-length

Diameter of the largest sucker

ot Ist arm

Diameter of the largest sucker

of 2nd arm

Diameter of the largest sucker

of 3rd arm

Diameter of the largest sucker

of 4th arm

14. [Loligo tetradinamia Ortmann 1888.]

Loligo tetradinamia, Ortmann 1888, p. 659, pl. xxiii, figs. 4a-4k ;

pl. xxv, fig. 1 (Tokyo Bay; Kochi, Tosa).—Berry 1912a, p.

399 (Same, Mutsu Prov; Tokyo Bay; Tokyo; Okayama;

Kawatana, Hizen Prov.).

After examining a large series of L. japonica, I quite agree with

Berry in the opinion that the present species is possibly synonymous

with L. japonica.

15. Loligo sumatrensis d’Orbigny 1830.

Local name: Beka (Okayama).

Loligo sumatrensis, d’Orbigny, in d’Orb. et Férussac 1839, p. 317;

Loligo, pl. xiii, figs. 1-3 (Indian Ocean, Sumatra).—d’Orbigny

1845, p. 349.—Gray 1849, p. 77.—Tryon 1879, p. 145, pl.

Iviii, figs. 190, 191.—Appelléf 1886, p. 32, pl. i, fig. 11;

pl. iii, figs. 11-15 (Nagasaki).—Brock 1887, p. 595 (Amboina).—

Ortmann 1888, p. 664.—Berry 1912a, p. 399.

List of specimens examined by me.

i. Six specimens, 14, 59, Okayama market, April 25, 1901

(Sci. Coll.). Mantle length 67-53 mm.

604

MADOKA SASAKI :

i. Two 9 specimens, Kojima Bay, Oct. 1903 (Agr. Coll.). Mantle-

length 65-52 mm.

16. Loligo kobiensis Hoyle 1885.

Local name: Shiro-ika (Nagasaki), Teppo-ika (Tosa).

Loligo kobiensis, Hoyle 1885a, p. 184 (Off Kobe, South of Japan,

Inland Sea ?)—Hoyle 1885b, p. 287.—Hoyle 1886, p. 154,

pl. xxv, figs. 1-10.—Ortmann 1888, p. 659 (Maizuru).—Hoyle

1905, p. 982 (Kolumadulu Atoll).—Berry 1912a, p. 398

(Onomichi, Bingo Prov.; Nagasaki).

List of specimens examined by me.

i. One 2 specimen, Urado, Tosa Prov., Aug. 14, 1905 (Sci.

Coll.). Mantle-length 75 mm.

ii. Fourteen 9 specimens, Nagasaki (Agr. Coll.). Mantle-length

41-1C6 mm.

17. Loligo aspera Ortmann 1888.

Loligo aspera, Ortmann 1888, p. 661, pl. xxv, figs. 3a-3d. (Kochi,

Tosa Prov.).

This species has not been observed since it was first described.

18. Loligo bleekeri Keferstein, 1866.

Local name: Yari-ika, Sasa-ika, Saya-naga.

Loligo bleckeri, Keferstein 1866, p. 1402, pl. cxxii, figs. 9, 10;

pl. cxxvii, fig. 14 (Japan).—Tryon 1879, p. 149, pl. lviî,

figs. 185, 186.—Brock 1882, p. 604.—Appellöf 1886, p. 31,

pl. i, figs. 7-10 (Nagasaki).—Ortmann 1888, p. 664.—Joubin

1894, p. 56 (Amboina).—Wiilker 1910, pp. 10, 36, pl. iv,

fig. 30 (digestive system) (Misaki.)—Berry 1912a, p. 399.

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE

List of specimens examined.

MYOPSIDA.

605

Specimens Locality Date Where preserved

1s Sagami Bay Feb. 16, 1901 Sci. Coll.

ID 32 Satsuma April 30, 1996 do

18 Misaki market Dec. 1908 do

IS Uodzu, Etchù April 30, 1913 Agr. Coll.

TS Namerikawa, Etchù — ee

158, 462. Oshoro, Hokkaidö | July 1, 1913 Agr. Coll.

138 juv. Namerikawa, Etehù | Aug. 15, 1913

6%, 22. Tokyo market | == Sci. Coll

The present species is one

is distributed from Kiushu

and the Pacific Ocean.

In mature male specimens, the mantle bears a distinct

ridge on the ventral

surface.

the commonest of this genus.

to Hokkaidò,

both the Sea of Japan

median

The length of mantle becomes pro-

portionately greater as the animal grows older, as will be seen from

the following table:

Fin-length Head-length

mm mm

59 (0.549+) 14 (0.154—)

86 (0.573) 20 (0.135—)

128.5 (c.612—)

21 (0.100)

Mantle-length Mantle-breadth

mm mm

9I (1) 22 (0.242—)

150 (1) 30.5 (0.203+)

210 (1) 37 (0.176+)

280 (1) 40 (0.143—)

339 (1) 43 (0.130)

182 (0.650)

225 (0.681) |

33 (0.100)

| 23.5 (0.084—)

Length of

Longest arm

34 (0.374—)

58 (0.276+)

75 (0.227)

606 MADOKA SASAKI:

Genus Sepioteuthis Blainville 1825.

19. Sepioteuthis lessoniana Férussac 1826.

Local name: Aori-ika (Tòkyo, Etchù), Mizu-ika (Nagasaki).

Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Férussac, in d’Orbigny 1826, p. 155.—

d’Orbigny et Férussac 1839, p. 302; Sepioteuthis, pl. i;

pl. vi, figs. 9-14 (Indian Ocean, New Guinea, Papous,

Java, Cape Fabre, Trincomali, Malabar).—d’Orbigny 1845,

p. 326.—Gray 1849, p. 80 (New Zealand).—Keferstein 1866,

p. 1402, pl. cxxii, fig. 7 (Java) —Tryon 1879, p. 152, pl.

Ixii, fig. 212; pl. lxiv, fig. 213.—Appellôf 1886, p. 32, pl. i,

fig. 11; pl. iii, figs. 11-15 (Nagasaki) -—Hoyle 1886, p. 151

(Kandava, Fiji; Ternate).—Ortmann 1888, p. 657 (Tokyo

Bay, Kagoshima).—Joubin 1894, p. 39 (Amboina).—Joubin

1898, p. 26 (Java, Timor, Morotai, Obi Island, Indian Ocean,

Cap Haitien). —Wülker 1910, p.11; anatomy, p. 26, pl. iii,

fig. 28; pl. iv, figs. 29, 31 (Misaki)—Berry 1912a, p. 401,

pl. vi, figs. 3, 5 (Tsuruga, Echizen Prov.; Misaki; Fusan,

Korea ; Apia, Samoa).

List of specimens examined.

No. | Specimens |Mantle-length Locality | Date Mess

FE — |

| |

i 78 — Tôkyo market Aug. 1885 Sci. Coll.

ii 1S | 107mm Oshima, Izu April 1887 do

iii IS | — Namerikawa, Etchü June 1889 do

iv 58 32 — Kagoshima market April 17, 1896 do

v IS | 200 mm Miyazu, Tango July 8, 1903 | do

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA.

No. | Specimens|Mantle-length Locality Date men Sa

vi | 1$, 22 | 192-255 mm|_ Misaki Aug. 1906 do

vii IS 10 mm Nagasaki April 1912 Agr. te

viii 1 3 ar Asari, Hokkaidö July 1971 do

ix is 355 mm Namerikawa July 19, 1913 la Ti

x IS 207 mm Enoura, Suruga — Sci. Coll.

xi IS — Haneda, Musashi — var

XU 4 2 Takamatsu, Sanuki —

xiii IS — Bonin Isl. —

The horny teeth of arm-suckers in specimens Nos. ix

not conical as usual, but are somewhat laterally flattened.

Sepioteuthis sieboldi, Joubin

20. Sepioteuthis sieboldi Joubin 1898.

Berry 1812a, p. 404.

1898, p. 27 (Waigeou ;

This species has not yet come under my observation.

21. [Sepioteuthis brevis Owen 1881.]

and x are

Japan}

Sepioteuthis brevis, Owen 1881, p. 137, pl. xxvi, fig. 1 (Japanese

Sea).—Wiilker 1910, p. 11.

This is at best a doubtful species.

22.

Sepioteuthis sinensis d’Orbigny, in d’Orb. et Férussac

[Sepioteuthis sinensis d’Orbigny, 1839.]

1839, P-

304.—d’Orbigny 1845, p. 329.—Tryon 1879, p. 154.

608 MADOKA SASAKI:

This name was applied by d’Orbigny to a cuttle-fish said to be

salted and dried for eating by Japanese, who should call it Ta-tsi-i-ka.

Fam. SEPIIDA Steenstrup 1861.

Genus Sepia Linneus 1758.

23. Sepia torosa Ortmann, 1888.

Sepia torosa, Ortmann 1888, p. 652, pl. xxiii, fig. 2 (Tokyo Bay).—

Ortmann 1891, p. 674 (Amboina).—Berry 1912a, p. 420.

One 9 specimen was collected by Prof. K. Mitsukuri at

Akune, Satsuma Prov., April 19, 1896 (Sci. Coll.). Mantle-length”

143mm. It agrees well with the description of Ortmann, except

in the fact that the horny ring of arm-suckers is nearly entire in the

margin—so at least in the proximal suckers—instead of being pro-

vided with distinct teeth.

24, Sepia formosana Berry 1912.

Sepia formosana, Berry 1912a, p. 420, pl. ix, fig 7 (Takao,

Formosa).

Not yet come to the observation of the author.

25. Sepia aculeata Van Hasselt 1834.

Sepia aculeata Van Hasselt MS., in d’Orbigny et Férussac 1834,

p. 287; Seiches, pls. v & xxv (Indian Ocean., Java).—

d’Orbigny 1845, p. 296.—Gray 1849, p. 105 —Steenstrup

1875, p. 473, pl. ii, fig. 4.—Tryon 1879, p. 195, pl. xc, fig.

415; pl. xci, figs, 416, 417.—Goodrich 1895, p. 3 (Irawaddy

1) With regard to the genus Szfia, the term “ mantle-length,” is employed to

designate the length from the posterior end of body to the anterior margin of mantle

as measured on the dorsal side, in exclusion of the length of rostrum which is often found

to be worn away.

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 609

delta; Port Blair; Andaman Sea)—Joubin 1898, p. 25 (St.

Vincent; Nassau harbor; Bahama).—Wülker 1910, p. 11

(Misaki).—Berry 1912a, p. 418 (Tsuruga, Echizen).

Japanese specimens of this species have not come under observa-

tion of the author.

26. Sepia subaculeata sp. nov.

PI. XII, figs. 6, 7.

Diagnosis. Body large; mantle short, oval, broadest near the

middle, bluntly pointed behind. Head small. Arm subequal in

length, the order of their length being 4, 1, 2, 3; the longest arm

shorter than half the length of mantle. Arm-suckers arranged dis-

tinctly in four series in the whole extent of every arm; horny ring

generally entire, except in suckers in terminal parts of arms, where

it shows numerous bluntly pointed teeth. Buccal membrane provided

with from two to five small suckers on every projection of margin.

Tentacles longer than head and mantle combined, provided with

suckers in distal one-fifth of their length. Tentacular suckers nearly

equal in size, arranged in eight series; horny ring finely toothed.

Shell broad, elongate-elliptical in outline, rounded at both extre-

mities ; dorsal surface moderately convex; ventral surface arched in

the middle, provided with a deep median groove which is deepest in

the anterior part of the striated area; anterior boundary line of the

striated area shows two straight lines meeting each other at an acute

angle. Inner cone well developed, with very thick rim. Rostrum

very small. Locular index 34 in male.

Four specimens purchased at the fish market in Tokyo, Nov. 1882

(Sci. Coll.). Dimensions of typical male and female adult specimens

(in alcohol) as follows :

610

Dorsal length of mantle

Breadth of mantle

Length of first arm (right)

i » second arm (do)

» 5, third arm (do)

LE 29

’

Diameter of largest arm-sucker

2) 3)

Breadth of shell

Remarks.

fourth arm (do)

tentacle (do)

tentacular sucker

MADOKA SASAKI:

The species standing in

present one is S. aculeta Van Hasselt.

each other in following respects :

Ventral length ofsmantie Pr we

Male Female

mm mm.

4 210 215

Be 165 164

frere 110 110

CAL 5 2

23 25

ocra 9I 90

ife 89 88

Te 80? 88

Boo où 92 94

DICE 310 400

ANRT 3 3

Rx ES 1

RARE 80 80

nearest relationship to the

The two species differ from

Sepia subaculeata.

Arm-order :

Posterior end of

mantle :

4, I, 2, 3,

bluntly terminating,

Tentacular stalk :

Tentacular suckers:

thick,

Sepia aculeata.

somewhat acuminated.

somewhat thin.

somewhat large, being arranged

in 8 longitudinal series,

small, being arranged in 10 or

12 alternate series.

Dorsal surface

of shell:

without a distinct longitudinal

furrow,

Ventral surface

of shell:

Rostrum of shell:

with a deep median furrow,

very short and thin,

with 4 longitudinal furrows.

without a median furrow.

long and thick.

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 611

27. Sepia esculenta Hoyle 1885.

Sepia esculenta, Hoyle 1885a, p. 188 (Yokohama market).—Hoyle

1885b, p. 291.—Appellöf 1886, p. 28, pl. iii, figs. 1-6 (Naga-

saki).—Hoyle 1886, p. 129, pl. xvii, figs. 1-5; pl. xviii, figs.

1-6.—Ortmann 1888, p. 649 (Tokyo Bay).—Joubin 1897, p.

102 (Local. ?).—Pilsbry 1895, p. 2 (Yokohama).—Hedley

1906, p. 463 (Queensland).—Berry 1912a, p. 418 (Tokyo).

List of specimens examined.

Where pre-

Specimens Mantle-length | Locality Date

130 mm in largest Te pa :

146, 22. 125 mm in largest 3 Tökyo market | Sept. 1885

159 mm Miyazu, Tango |

110mm Tomo, Bingo

Amakusa, Higo | Imp. Mus.

Tosa

Haneda, Musashi

Gokashò, Ise July 1910

Himi, Etchù May 9, 1913

There exist individual variations in the shape of shells, these in

some cases being broader, the median furrow on its ventral surface

shallower, and the locular index smaller, than in others.

612 MADOKA SASAKI:

28. Sepia elliptica Hoyle 1885.

Local name: Hari-ika (Tokyo).

PL XL shes) rato

Sepia elliptica, Hoyle 1885a, p. 189 (Arafura Sea, South of

Papua).—Hoyle 1885b, p. 293.—Hoyle 1886, p. 131, pl. xix,

figs. 14-24.—Wiilker 1910, p. 11 (Misaki).—Berry 19122,

p. 419.

Sepia hoylei, Ortmann 1888, p. 650, pl. xxii, fig. 5; pl. xxiii, fig.

1 (Maizuru; Tokyo Bay; Kadsiyama, Awa; Enoshima,

Sagami; Kochi, Tosa; Kagoshima).—Berry

(Nagasaki; Wakanoura).

I9I2a, p. 419

List of specimens examined.

Specimens Locality Where preserved }

HS re Akune, Satsuma April 19, 1896 Sci. Coll.

Tôkyo market do

Tôkyo Bay

Ventral sculpture of the shell is subject to considerable individual

variations, which are however connected together by intermediate

gradations, indicating, as Wülker has recently pointed out, that S.

hoylei and S. elliptica should be taken for synonyms. Plate I, figs.

11 and 12 show two extreme cases of the variation among the speci-

mens now before me.

29. Sepia hercules Pilsbry 1894.

Sepia hercules, Pilsbry 1894, p. 144 (Japan).—Pilsbry 1895, p. 2,

pl. i, figs. 1, 2 (Loocho Island).—Berry 1912a, p. 419.

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 613

Only a shell of this species came under my observation. It was

collected by Mr. K. Aoki in the neighbourhood of Misaki, May, 1899.

Length about 420mm; the surface beset with groups of Lepas.

30. Sepia myrsus Gray 1849.

Sepia myrsus, Gray 1849, p. 108 (China)—Hoyle 1886, p. 219

(Japanese region).

This species has been mentioned with doubt by Hoyle (1886) in

his list of the Japanese Cephalopod fauna.

Subgenus DORATOSEPION (de Rochebrune 1884),

31. Sepia (Doratosepion) andreana Steenstrup 1875.

Local name: Hari-ika (Chòshi, Shimo-osa).

Sepia andreana, Steenstrup 1875, p. 474, pl. i, figs. 11-19 (Japan).

—Tryon 1879, p. 193, pl. lxxxix, fig. 408; pl. xc, figs. 400,

410.—Wülker 1910, pp. 19, 22, 24.

Doratosepion andreana, de Rochebrune 1884, p. 96.

Sepia (Doratosepion) andreana, Berry 1912a, p. 422.

List of species examined.

Specimens} Mantle-length Locality Date Where preserved

95 mm in 4 aeons :

66 largest one Awa April 20, 1906 Sci. Coll.

IÒ 88 mm Hakodate ?, Hokkaido = Agr. Coll.

TSI: — Chôshi, Shimo-osa — Imp. Mus.

Arms of the second pair in ‚the males are considerably thicker

than are represented by Steenstrup in his figure (1875, pl. I, fig. 11).

614 MADOKA SASAKI:

32. Sepia (Doratosepion) andreanoides Hoyle 1885.

Sepia andreanoides, Hoyle 1885a, p. 193 (Yokohama market).

—Hoyle 1885b, p. 297.—Hoyle 1886, p. 139, pl. xxi, figs.

11-19; pl. xxii, fig. 11.—Ortmann 1888, p. 653 (Tokyo Bay).

—Pilsbry 1895, p. 3. (Ika? coast).—Joubin 1897, p. 102

(Nagasaki). Wülker 1910, pp. 19, 22, 24.

Sepia (Doratosepion) andreanoides, Berry 19124, p. 423.

List of specimens examined.

Where pre-

Specimens] Mantle-length Locality served

81 mm in each | Tökyo market Sept. 1885 Sci. Coll.

105 mm in 2 d

e one Tokyo market April 1906

Isohama, Ibaraki

195-82 mm Pref.

May 15, 1912

The specimens No. ii differ from those of No. i in the mantle

being more slender, in the ventral arms being shorter and in the

shell being narrower.

33. Sepia (Doratosepion) pardalis sp. nov.

PI. XIE, figs. 1-3.

Diagnosis. Body large; mantle elongate-elliptical in outline,

with about one hundred streak-like spots on back, arranged more or

less symmetrically on both sides of the median line.

Arms comparatively short, unequally long, the order of their

length being 1, 2, 3, 4; first arm shorter than half the length of

mantle and very thin in the distal half. Arm-suckers in the distal

half of first arm and in the distal one-third of second and third arms

arranged in two series; same in the proximal parts of first, second

and third arms as well as in the whole extent of fourth arm in four

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 615

series; horny ring of distal suckers with long blunt teeth separated

by distinct interspaces; that of proximal suckers nearly entire owing

to close approximation of teeth.

Hectocotylization in the distal one-third of left ventral arm,

normal suckers forming about seventeen transverse rows in the prox-

imal part.

Tentacles shorter than dorsal length of mantle. Tentacular

suckers small and equal in size, arranged in eight series, with long

teeth in the distal part of horny ring.

Shell very narrow, lanceolate in outline, with small discoidal

outer cone. Its dorsal surface strongly convex, with a arched median

area marked off on each side by a deep groove from lateral parts.

Ventral surface slightly convex anteriorly, with an irregularly running

median groove. Striated area marked with numerous longitudinal

streaks ; its anterior border deeply indented. Inner cone somewhat

developed, but with thin rim. Locular index about 30.

Type. A male alcoholic specimen obtained at Kajiyama, Awa

Prov., Feb. 9, 1889. Dimensions as follows (paired organs measured

on the right side):

mm.

Morsal’lenethtofemantler ER ul sen 231

VentraliMenstimofkmantle o nen. 210

Breadtheoffmantleg wee na 75

Breadth of head@ te Fe Ade testi a ee ok 53

Breda nn EN Are 13

En oO MES CENT ei een: 95

FA PSE CONCMATIN oe ase LIT de NIE 83

3 de, toy PASTORE, cl ist wits ete Gis pista et SERIE NARUTO 80

Pa TREO LECH) II IT de are 63

SE MENACE M atlante sete Ria 190

Diameter of largest arm-sucker

si », tentacular sucker

616 MADOKA SASAKI:

Remarks. This species stands in nearest relationship to S.

andreanoides Hoyle, but differs from this in the following points:

The mantle is twice as large as that of S. andreanoides (as com-

pared in fully mature specimens). The horny ring of distal arm-

suckers is distinctly denticulated, while in S. andreanoides it presents

a smooth edge. The dorsal surface of mantle is marked with large

brown spots which are absent in the latter species. The tentacles are

less slender, while the shell is on the ventral surface only slightly

convex instead of being strongly so and the median groove irregularly

running, not straight.

34. Sepia (Doratosepion) tokyoensis Ortmann 1888.

Local name: Suji-ika (Awa).

Sepia tokyoensis, Ortmann 1888, p. 653, pl. xxiii, fig. 3 (Tôkyo

Bay).—Wiilker 1910, p. 14 (Misaki).

Sepia (Doratosepion) tokyoensis, Berry 1912a, p. 423 (Aomori).

List of specimens examined.

Specimens} Mantle-length Locality Where preserved

30-74 mm Tokyo market — Sci. Coll.

68-88 mm Gyôtoku, Shimo-osa April 20, 1906 Sci. Coll.

— Awa — Imp. Mus.

In dimensions the above specimens agree well with Ortmann’s,

but differ from these in the following respects: 1) The longest arm

is the first and the shortest the fourth, while in Ortmann’s specimens

the two were equally long. 2) The distal parts of all the arms are

rather thick and not so thin as in the latter. 3) Distal suckers on

each arm arranged distinctly in four series, while in Ortmann’s speci-

mens, they were nearly in two series. 4) Locular index is 26-33,

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 617

while Ortmann gave it to be 36-40.5). Finally, the fin is specially

thickened at the posterior end, a fact not mentioned by Ortmann but

which constitutes an important diagnostic character, in as much as it

serves to distinguish at once the species from any other of the genus.

35. Sepia (Doratosepion) misakiensis Wiilker 1910.

Sepia misakiensis, Wülker 1910, p. 15, figs. 5, 6, 19-22 (Misaki;

Entrance of Uraga channel).

Sepia (Doratosepion) misakiensis, Berry 1912a, p. 424.

1902 (sci. Coll.). Mantle-length 67 mm.

One & specimen, Misaki (Sci. Coll.). Mantle-length 67 mm.

36. Sepia (Doratosepion) kobiensis Hoyle 1885.

Sepia kobiensis, Hoyle 1885a, p. 195 (Kòbe Bay).—Hoyle 1885b,

p. 300.—Appellôf 1886, p. 20, pl. iii, fig. 7 (Nagasaki).—

Hoyle 1886, p. 142, pl. xviii, figs. 7-14.—Ortmann 1888, p.

654 (Maizuru, Tango; Kajiyama, Awa; Kagoshima; Tokyo

Bay).—Hoyle 1902, p. 982 (Kolumadulu Atoll).—?, Wiilker

1910, p. 16 (Misaki).

Sepia (Doratosepion) kobiensis, Berry 1912a, p. 423 (Nagasaki;

Hakodate ; Hizen ?).

Prov., April 1884 (Sci. Coll.). Mantle-length 87 mm., 77mm. The

characters agree well with Hoyle’s description of the Challenger

specimen ; only the posterior end of the fin does not reach the ventral

surface of mantle, as it did in the Challenger specimen, but extends

straight on toward the posterior mantle-end as usual in this genus.

This is a very variable species, as is shown by the fact that the

descriptions of it given by Hoyle, Ortmann, Appellòf and Wiilker

disagree with one another in some points. The specimens which I

examined always showed some discrepancy from the descriptions

618

MADOKA SASAKI:

given by the above authorities. Some of the specimens seemed to

stand in very close relationship to S. kiensis Hoyle.

37. Sepia (Doratosepion) peterseni Appellöf 1886.

Local name: Shishi-ika (Nagasaki).

Sepia peterseni, Appellòf 1886, p. 23, pl. ii, figs. 1-6; pl. iii, fig.

21 (Nagasaki)—Wülker 1910, p. 14 (Misaki).

Sepia (Doratosepion) peterseni, Berry 1912a, p. 423.

List of specimens examined.

Specimens Locality 3 Where preserved

108

148

Mikawa

Kagoshima market

Tôkyo market

Isé Imp. Mus.

Nagato

Nagasaki | Agr. Coll.

38. Sepia (Doratosepion) appellofi Wiilker 1910.

Sepia appellòfi Wilker 1910, p. 14, figs. 8, 15-18 (Misaki).

Sepia (Doratosepion) appellöfi, Berry 1912a, p. 424.

One 2 specimen purchased by Prof. K. Mitsukuri at Akune,

Satsuma Prov. April 1896 (Sci. Coll.). Mantle-length 89 mm.;

arm-order I, 2, 3,4

Five young specimens, Tokyo market (Sci. Coll... One of

them, a male, is 60mm. in mantle-length, the arm-order

being 4,1, 2,3. The remaining four specimens of un-

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 619

determinable sex up to 57mm. in mantle-length.

ii. One 9 specimen, Misaki (Sci. Coll... Mantle-length 74 mm. ;

arm-order I, 4, 3, 2.

iv A male from unknown locality (Sci. Coll.), in which the

fourth arm is the longest.

All these specimens agree closely with the description by Wülker

except in the arm-order and in the horny ring of tentacular suckers

having 15-20 short and blunt teeth instead of being quite entire. The

teeth are sometimes very indistinct, but can always be easily dis-

tinguished from the horny papillae of the papillary area.

39. Sepia (Doratosepion) lorigera Wiilker 1910.

Sepia lorigera, Wiilker 1910, pp. 12, 13. figs. 3, 4, 10-14 (Misaki).

Sepia (Doratosepion) lorigera, Berry 1912, p. 422.

i. Three à and four 9. specimens, Tokyo market (Sci. Coll.).

Mantle-length 220mm. in the largest male and 148 mm. in

the largest female. In the female, the first arms are not so

noticeably elongate, nor their extremities so much enlarged,

as in the male.

i. Three 4 specimens, obtained by Prof. S. Watasé in the

Tokyo market, April 20, 1906 (Sci. Coll.). Mantle-length

190 mm. in the largest individual.

ii. One 2 specimen, Isé Prov. (Imp. Mus.).

40. Sepia (Doratosepion) longipes sp. nov.

PI. XII., figs. 4. 5.

Diagnosis. Body large; mantle broad, oval in outline. Arms

in male much unequal, very long, the order of their length being

I, 2, 3,4, and the longest arm being about twice as long as the

length of mantle. Hectocotylization in the distal two-fifths of the left

ventral arm; similarly hectocotylized also was the distal one-third

620 MADOKA SASAKI:

of the right ventral arm. Arms in female subequal, the order of

their length being 2, 1, 3,4; the second arm shorter than mantle-

length. Arm-suckers arranged in four longitudinal series in the

proximal part of each arm, and in two series in the distal part; horny

ring entire. Tentacles thick and long, about twice as long as the

ventral length of mantle; tentacular suckers arranged in eight

longitudinal series and in markedly oblique transverse rows; their size

greatly unequal, four suckers in dorsal submedian series being much

larger than the rest; horny ring of the smaller suckers with numerous

long teeth on edge.

Shell lanceolate, with small discoidal outer cone at the posterior

extremity ; dorsal surface convex, with an arched median area marked

off on each side by a distinct groove; ventral surface convex in the

anterior, and concave in the posterior parts, with a prominent ridge

along the median line; last locular boundary of a V-like shape with

the pointed end turned backwards; inner cone slightly developed.

Locular index about 40.

Two 4 and four 9 specimens were obtained by Prof. S. Watasé

at Chòshi, Kazusa Prov., on August 18, 1906 (Sci. Coll.). Mantle-

length of largest male 235 mm., that of largest female 178 mm.

Dimensions of typical male and female specimen (in alcohol), as

follows:

Male Female

mm. mm.

Dorsal lencthvot mantle. eee eee 220 147

Ventral@elenpth of mantles oer er ae 170 116

Breadth wof Mantello ar 155 75

Breadth. of head Re ee AS 50

Breadth. of thine EM A REN La 15 14

Lengthr oführstrann Mr ER 420 105

7 H NSECONGKAITE ARI RI hike ee 210 120

65 ;; third-anmti Rats ACh te. Be 140 90

Di „ fourth armi RA SERRA 140 70

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 621

Male Female

mm. mm.

FenothroBitentazleg acc 355 270

Diameter of larsest arm-sucker........<. 0202... 3.5 295

a „Mlargestrtentaeular sucker ... ...... 8 6

Genus Metasepia (Hoyle 1885).

41. Metasepia tullbergi (Appellöf 1886).

Local name : Hana-ika (Nagasaki).

Sepia tullbergi, Appellòf 1886, p. 26, pl. ii, figs. 7-14 (Nagasaki).

Sepia (Metasepia) tullbergi, Ortmann 1888, p. 656 (Kajiyama,

Awa Prov.; Kagoshima).—Joubin 1897, p. 103 (Nagasaki).

Metasepia tullbergi, Berry 1912, p. 424.

Two 4 specimens, Nagasaki, April 1910 (Agr. Coll.) Mantle-

length 36 mm. in each.

Genus Sepiella steenstrup 1880.

42. Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune 1884.

Local name: Ma-ika (Tosa).

Textfigure 1.

Sepiella maindroni, de Rochebrune 1884, p. 89 (Pondicherry).—

Hoyle 1886, p. 149, pl. xxii, figs. 1-10 (Inland Sea).—Wiilker

1910, p. 20 (Misaki).—Berry 1912a, p. 424.

List of specimens examined.

Specimens} Mantle-length Locality Date Where preserved

18, 12 | 130mm. ineach| Natagiri, Sagami — Sci. Coll.

Ijuv. &?| 68mm. Nagasaki —

MADOKA SASAKI:

Specimens] Mantle-length

IS 110mm.

108 |I24 mm., 112 mm.

Locality Date Where preserved

Tomo, Bingo Mia Fish. Bur.

Haneda, Musashi — kyo

Tosa — do

Himi, Etchû May 9, 1913 Agr. Coll.

Sepiella

Textfigure 1.

Hectocotylus of

Sepiella main-

droni de Roch.

The species is very closely allied to the following

inermis, but differs from this in the proximal

part of the ‚hectocotylus being provided with forty or

more, instead of only twenty, small suckers (Textfig.

43, Sepiella inermis (Van Hasselt 1839).

Sepia inermis Van Hasselt MS., in d’Orbigny et

Férussac 1839, p. 286, Seiches, pl. vi bis; pl.

xx, figs. 9, 10 (Indian Ocean; Batavia, Bom-

bay, Pondicherry, Coromandel).—d’Orbigny

1845, p. 295, pl. -xii, figs. 9, 10.—Steenstrup

1875, pp. 475, 478, pl. ii, fig. 3.—Tryon 1879,

p..196, pl. xci, fig. 423; pl. xcii, figs. 424,

4257

Sepia microcheirus, Gray 1849, p. 107 (India).

Sepiella inermis, Steenstrup 1880, pp. 347-356, figs.

1-8.—Goodrich 1896, p. 5 (Madras, near Bom-

bay, Sandheads, Chilka Bight, Mergui, Singa-

pore, Penang, off the Ganjam coast).—Joubin

1897, p. 103 (Nagasaki).—Joubin 1898, p. 25

(Timor).—Hoyle 1905, p. 982, fig. 152 (Hulule,

Male Atoll).—Berry 1912a, p. 424.

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 623

In the various Japanese collections I have had access to, I have

never yet ccme across a specimen which could be identified with this

species.

44. [Sepiella? sinensis d’Orbigny 1830.]

Sepia sinensis, d’Orbigny, in d. Orb. et Fer. 1839, p. 280,

Seiches, pl. ix, figs. 1, 2.—Berry 1912a, p. 417.

Sepia inermis, Gray 1849, p. 104.—Tryon 1879, p. 160.

Sepiella? sinensis is the name given by d’Orbigny to a squid

said to stand described in a Japanese encyclopaedic work, the exact

title of which remains unknown and which therefore can not be

consulted with.

624 MADOKA SASAKI:

List of References.

A few of the less important references have remained inaccessible

to me; all these I have indicated by affixing asterisk to the title.

Appellôf, A. 1886. Japanska Cephalopoder. Kgl. Svensk.

Vetensk. Akad. Handl., vol. xxi, pp. 1-14, pls. i-ii. Stockholm.

Appellöf, A. 1898. Cephalopoden von Ternate. Abh. der

Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesellschaft, vol. xxiv, pp. 561-

637, pls. xxxii-xxxiv. Frankfurt a. M.

Berry, S. S. 1909, Diagnoses of new Cephalopods from the

Hawaiian Islands. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxvii, pp.

407-419, textfigs. 1-9.

Berry, S. S. 1911. Preliminary Notices of some new Pacific

Cephalopods. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xl, pp. 589-594.

Berry, S. S. 191la. A new Sepiolidæ from Japan. Zool. Anz.,

vol. xxxvii, pp. 39-41, I fig.

Berry, S. S. 1911b. Note on a new Abraliopsis from Japan.

Nautilus, vol. XXV, pp. 93-94.

Berry, S. S. 1912, A Review of the Cephalopods of Western

North America. Bull. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxx,

pp. 269-336, pls. xxxii-liv, textfigs. 1-18.

Berry, S. S. 1912a. A Catalogue of Japanese Cephalopoda.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Philadelphia, 1912, pp. 380-444, text-

figs. 1-4, pls. v-ix.

Brazier, J. 1892.* Catalogue of the Marine Shells of Australia

and Tasmania. Pt. I. Cephalopoda. Australian Mus. Cat.,

Sydney, No. 15, pp. 1-19, I pl.

Brock, J. 1882, Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Cephalopoden.

Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., vol. xxxvi, pp. 543-610, pls. xxxiv-

XXXVII.

Brock, J. 1887. Indische Cephalopoden. Zool. Fahrb., Abt.

Syst., vol. ii, pp. 591-614, pl. xvi.

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 625

Goodrich, E. S. 1896. Report on a Collection of Cephalopods

from the Calcutta Museum. Zrans. Linn. Soc. London (2,

Zool.), vol. vii, pt. 1, pp. 1-24, 5 pls.

Gray, J. E. 1849, Catalogue of the Mollusca in the Collection

of the British Museum. Pt. 1. Cephalopoda Antepedia; pp.

i-viii, 1-164. London.

Hedley, C. 1906.* The Mollusca of Mast Head Reef, Capricorn

Group, Queensland. Pt. I. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South

Wales, vol. Xxxi, pp. 453-479, pl.

Hoyle, W. E. 1885.* Brief Notice of the Challenger Cep-

halopoda. Rep. Sci. Res. Voy. Challenger, Narr., vol. i,

pp. 269-274, figs. 106-109.

Hoyle, W. E. 1885a. Diagnoses of new species of Cephalopoda

collected during the Cruise of H. M. S. Challenger. Pt. II.

The Decapoda. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), vol. xvi, pp. 181-

203.

Hoyle, W. E. 1885b. Preliminary report on the Cephalopoda

collected by H. M.S. Challenger. Part. II. The Decapoda.

Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. xiii, pp. 281-310.

Hoyle, W. E. 1886. Report on the Cephalopoda collected by

H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Chall.

Reports, vol. xvi. Edinburgh.

Hoyle, W. E. 1886a. A Catalogue of Recent Cephalopoda.

Supplement, 1887-96. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh,

vol. xii, pp. 363-375.

Hoyle, W. E. 1904. Report on the Cephalopoda (Albatross-

expedition), Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol. xliii, pp. 1-71, 7

textfigs., pls. i-xii.

Hoyle, W. E. 1904a. Report on the Cephalopoda collected by

Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Rep. Ceylon Pearl Oyst.

Fish., pt. ii, Suppl. xiv., pp. 185-200, pls. i-iii.

Hoyle, W. E. 1904b. A diagnostic Key to the Genera of Recent

626

MADOKA SASAKI:

Dibranchiate Cephalopoda. Mem. and Proc. Manchester lit.

philos. Soc., vol. xlviii, no. 21; 20 pp.

Hoyle, W. E. 1905. The Cephalopoda. Gardiner, Fauna of

the Mald.—Laccad. Archipel, vol. ii, suppl. 1, pp. 975-988,

textfigs. 144-153, pl. xcv.

Hoyle, W. E. 1909. A Catalogue of Recent Cephalopoda.

Second Suppl., 1897-1906. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh,

vol. xvii, pp. 254-299.

Hoyle, W. E. 1910. A List of the Generic Names of Dibranchiate

Cephalopoda with their Type Species. Abhandl. Senckenberg.

Naturf. Gesells. vol. xxxii, pp. 407-413.

Ikeda, S. 1890-91, A List of Japanese Cephalopoda in the

Zoological Institute of Imperial University. Zool, Mag.

Jatta, G. 1896. I Cefalopodi viventi nel Golfo di Napoli

(Sistematica). Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel,

monog. xxiii, 268 pp., 31 pls.

Joubin, L. 1894, Céphalopodes d’Amboine. Rev. Suisse Zool.,

vol. ii, pp. 23-64, pls. i-iv.

Joubin, L. 1894a. Note préliminaire sur les Céphalopodes pro-

venant des Campagnes du Yacht l’Hirondelle. Mem. Soc.

Zool. France, vol. vii, pp. 211-216.

Joubin, L. 1897. Observations sur divers Céphalopodes. Troi-

sieme note. Céphalopodes du Musée polytechnique de

Moscou. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xxii, pp. 96-104.

Joubin, L. 1898, Sur quelques Céphalopodes du Musée royal

de Leyde et description de trois espéces nouvelles. Notes

Leyden Mus. vol. xx, pp. 21-28.

Joubin, L. 1902. Revision des Sepiolide. Mem. Soc. Zool.

France, vol. xv, pp. 80-143, 38 textfigs.

Keferstein, W. 1866. JZ Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des

Thierreichs : Weichthiere (Malacozoa). 2 vols. Leipzig and

NOTES ON THE JAPANESE MYOPSIDA. 627

Heidelberg, 1862-1866.

Levy, F. 1912. Bemerkungen zu Naefs 7. Teuthologischer

Notiz. Zool. Anz., vol. xli, pp. 87-90.

Naef, A. 1912. Teuthologische Notizen. 1. Die Familien der

Myopsiden. 2. Die Gattung der Sepioliden. Zool. Anz.,

vol. xxxix, pp. 242-248.

Naef, A. 1912a. Teuthologische Notizen. 3. Die Arten der

Gattungen Sepiola und Sepietta. Zoo. Anz. vol. xxxix, pp.

262-271, figs. Ia-Ie, 2a-2d.

Naef, A. 1912b. Teuthologische Notizen. 4. Die Gattungen der

Loliginidæ. Zoo! Anz., vol. xxxix, pp. 741-749, figs. 3a-3g.

Naef, A. 1912c. Teuthologische Notizen. 7. Zur Morphologie

und Systematik der Sepiola-und Sepietta-Arten. Zool. Anz.,

vol. xl, pp. 78-85.

d’Orbigny, A. 1826.* Tableau méthodique de la classe des

Céphalopodes. Ann. Sci. Nat. (1), vol. vii, p. 95-169.

d’Orbigny, A. 1845. Mollusques vivants et fossiles. Vol. I

and Atlas, Paris.

d’Orbigny, A. and Férussac, A. 1835-48. Histoire naturelle

générale et particulière des Céphalopodes acétabuliferes,

vivants et fossiles. Paris.

Ortmann, A. S. 1888, Japanische Cephalopoden. Zool. Fahrb.

Abt. Syst., vol. iii, pp. 639-670, pls. xx-xxv.

Owen, R. 1881. Descriptions of some new and rare Cephalopoda.

Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. xi, pp. 131-170, 3 textfigs.,

pls. xxiii-xxxv.

Pfeffer, G. 1884, Die Cephalopoden des Hamburger natur-

historischen Museums. Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Hamburg,

vol. viii, (1), pp. 1-30, pls. i-iii.

Pfeffer, G. 1908. Cephalopoden. Brandt & Apstein, Nordisches

Plankton. Lieferung ix, pp. 9-116, 120 textfigs.

Pilsbry, H. A. 1894.* Notices of New Japanese Mollusks, I.

628

MADOKA SASAKI:

Nautilus, vol. vii, pp. 143-144.

Pilsbry, H. A. 1895, Catalogue of the Marine Mollusks of

Japan. F. Steans, Detroit.

de Rochebrune, A. T. 1884, Etude monographique de la

famille des Sepiadæ. Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris (7), vol.

viii, pp. 74-122, pls. iii-vi.

Steenstrup, J. 1875, Hemisepius, en ny Slægt af Sepia-Blæk-

sprutternes Famlie. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skrift., (5), vol. x,

pp. 465-482, 2 pls.

Steenstrup, J. 1880. Sepiella, Gray, Stp. Vid. Meddel. Nat.

Foren. Kjöbenhavn, 1879-80, pp. 347-356, 8 textfigs.

Steenstrup, J. 1881. Sepiadarium og Idiosepius, to nye Slagter

af Sepiernes Familie. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skrift. (6), vol. i,

pp. 213-242, I pl.

Steenstrup, J. 1887, Nota Teuthologice. 7. Overs. K. Dansk.

Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1887, pp. 67-126.

Tryon, G. W. 1879. Manual of Conchology, vol. I. Cephalopoda,

316 pp., 112 pls. Philadelphia.

Verrill, A. D. 1881. The Cephalopods of the North-eastern

coast of America. Part II. The smaller Cephalopods, in-

cluding the squids and Octopi, with other allied forms.

Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. v, pp. 259-446, pls. xxii-

lvi.

Verrill, A. D. 1882. Report on the Cephalopods of the North-

eastern coast of America. Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish and

Fisheries for 1879, pp. 211-455, pls. i-xlvi.

Wülker, G. 1910. Über Japanische Cephalopoden. Doflein,

Beiträge Naturg, Ostasiens, 71 pp., 5 pls.

Explanation of Plates.

Plate XI. Fig. 1. Arms of a male specimen of Zuprymna morsei

(Verall), X 5:

Fig. 2. Largest sucker of second arm of the same, x c 18.

Figs. 3, 4. Tentacular suckers of the same, x 390.

Fig. 5. Arms of a male specimen of Zuprymna similis sp.

TOV C2:

Fig. 6. Largest sucker of second arm of the same, x c 22.

Figs. 7, 8. Tentacular suckers of the same, x 370.

Fig. 9. A male specimen of Zwioteuthis parva sp. nov. X 3.

Fig. 10. Hectocotylus of the same, x 5.

Figs. 11, 12. Shells of Sepia elliptica, nat. size.

Plate XII. Fig. 1. Sepia pardalis sp. nov., x 2/3.

Fig.

2. Tentacular club of the same, nat. size.

Fig. 4. A male specimen of Sepia longipes sp. nov., X 1/2.

Shell of the same, nat. size.

Fig. Shell of same species, nat. size.

Fig. 6. Shell of Sepia subaculeata sp. nov., x c. 1/2. a)

ventral view; b) dorsal view.

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