THE AUSTRALIAN

Entomologis

published by

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF QUEENSLAND

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Volume 26, Part 1, 2 July 1999

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Published by: THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF QUEENSLAND

ISSN 1320 6133

THE AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

The Australian Entomologist (formerly Australian Entomological Magazine) is a

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University of Queensland

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University of Queensland

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Coyer: Ornate false spider mites (Tuckerellidae) are early derivative members of

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Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1): 1-12 l

NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA:

TEPHRITIDAE: DACINAE) FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND

R.A.I. DREW', D.L. HANCOCK? and M.C. ROMIG’

‘Australian School of Environmental Studies, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Qld 4111

*Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 652, Cairns, Qld 4870

Abstract

Four new species of Dacinae from Australia are described and illustrated: Bactrocera

(Bactrocera) parabarringtoniae sp. nov., B. (Bactrocera) yorkensis sp. nov., B. (Bulladacus)

neotigrina sp. nov. and B. (Hemizeugodacus) ektoalangiae sp. nov. Notes on distribution and

lures are presented for nine further species in northern Queensland.

Introduction

The tropical fruit fly fauna (subfamily Dacinae) of Australia is endemic to

the northern and northeastern parts of the country and is reasonably well

known (Drew 1989). Since the last major survey of northern Queensland

(Drew et al. 1981), extensive trapping and host fruit collections have been

made during the eradication programme for Bactrocera papayae Drew &

Hancock (Asian Papaya fruit fly) in North Queensland, plus continuing

North Australian Quarantine Survey work in Torres Strait. This has resulted

in new host and geographic records and the collection of several undescribed

species. These species are described in this paper and several new

distribution records presented. Host records will be presented elsewhere.

Specimen depositories are abbreviated as follows: ANIC, Australian National

Insect Collection, Canberra; BMNH, The Natural History Museum, London;

QDPI, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane; QM,

Queensland Museum, Brisbane.

Systematics

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) Macquart

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) amplexiseta (May)

Comments. This species is widespread in both high and low altitude

rainforests from Auravale and Mt Poverty (south of Cooktown) to the

Ingham area and inland to the Atherton Tableland. The host is unknown.

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) barringtoniae (Tryon)

Comments. As a result of this study it is now possible to amend attractant

and distribution records in Drew (1989). B. barringtoniae has been recorded

only from the Cairns district and does not respond to any male lure. The

record of attraction to cue lure (Drew 1989) is incorrect. This was proven

during December 1995 at Brinsmead, Cairns, when the authors placed cue

lure and methyl eugenol traps in and around a large Barringtonia calyptrata

tree that had ripe fruit heavily infested with B. barringtoniae. No specimens

were attracted to either male lure, while 256 males and 258 females were

reared from a single fruit sample from the same tree on 15.xii.1995.

2 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Previous records from Torres Strait islands (Drew 1989) refer to

B. parabarringtoniae sp. nov. which is strongly attracted to methyl eugenol

and breeds in Barringtonia racemosa.

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) diospyri Drew

Comments. Four males were collected in a methyl eugenol trap on Green

Island, east of Cairns, on 28.viii.1998 and 4.ix.1998. This is a significant

extension of the previously known range of coastal Northern Territory and

Torres Strait islands (Drew 1989). Elsewhere this species has not been

recorded at lures and the response may be due to placement of the trap in a

host tree, Diospyros maritima (Ebenaceae), from which 5 males and 8

females were bred from fruit collected on 29.ix.1998.

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) frauenfeldi (Schiner)

Comments. Previously known from Cape York Peninsula (Drew 1989), as

far south as Weipa and Iron Range, this species was recorded from the Cairns

area in 1994 by Osborne et al. (1997). It is now known to be widespread

between Cooktown and Townsville and inland to the Atherton Tableland.

The first Townsville records are 13.x.1997 and 24.xi.1997, collected in cue

lure traps (DPI State quarantine survey).

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) opiliae (Drew & Hardy)

Comments. Previously known from northern Western Australia and the

Northern Territory (Drew 1989), this species was collected in methyl eugenol

traps at Adel's Grove, near Lawn Hill, northwestern Queensland, on

21.1.1998 (DPI State quarantine survey).

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) papayae Drew & Hancock

Comments. 'This major pest species has occurred sporadically on Torres

Strait islands since 1993, following its introduction to Papua New Guinea via

Irian Jaya. An established population was detected in the Cairns area in

October 1995, with subsequent detections made from Cooktown to Cardwell

before its eradication by mid 1998, the last specimens being recorded from

mainland Australia in July 1997.

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) parabarringtoniae Drew & Hancock, sp. nov.

(Fig. 1)

Types. QUEENSLAND: Holotype 0’, Stephen Is., Torres Strait, 17.v.1995, attracted

to methyl eugenol (in QM, Reg. No. T.57677); paratypes: 5 O'C', same data as

holotype; 21 &'G', Stephen Is., Torres Strait, 25.iv.1995, R. Stephen, attracted to

methyl eugenol; 9 0’0", Stephen Is., Torres Strait, Site 3, 31.v.1995, attracted to

methyl eugenol; 8 O'C', 10 99, track to Tom's house, Stephen Island., 5.iv.1995, R.

Stephen, bred from Barringtonia racemosa (SV141); 5 OO", 8 99, track to Tom's

house, Stephen Is., 8.iv.1995, R. Stephen, bred from Barringtonia racemosa

(SV143). 6 OO", 3 9? in QM, Reg. Nos T.57678 — T.57686; 6 0’0", 3 9° in ANIC;

30 O'0", 9 ?? in QDPI; 6 oC", 3 9? in BMNH.

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1) 3

Fig. 1. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) parabarringtoniae Drew & Hancock, sp. nov.

Description of male

Head. Vertical length 1.7 mm. Frons length 1.56 times breadth; orange-

brown except with narrow fulvous anterolateral margins, fuscous on

anteromedial hump and pale fuscous around bases of orbital setae, latter

covered with a small number of short dark hairs; orbital setae black: 1 s.or.,

2 i.or.; lunule pale fuscous. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex red-brown to pale

fuscous. Face fulvous with a pair of medium sized oval black spots present;

length 0.47 mm. Genae fulvous with brown subocular spots present; red-

brown seta present. Occiput orange-brown, fulvous along eye margins;

occipital row with 4-8 strong red-brown to black setae. Antennae with

segments | and 2 red-brown to pale fuscous; segment 3 orange-brown with

fuscous on apex and outer surface; short pale dorsal seta on segment 2; arista

black (orange-brown basally); length of segments: 0.22 mm; 0.36 mm;

0.88 mm.

Thorax. Scutum dark red-brown with a pattern of narrow lateral longitudinal

fuscous bands. Pleural areas pale fuscous to dark fuscous except red-brown

below postpronotol lobes. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobes;

notopleura; mesopleural stripe of medium width reaching almost to anterior

npl. bristle dorsally, continuing to katepisternum as a large transverse spot,

4 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

anterior margin slightly convex; anatergite (posterior apex fuscous to dark

fuscous); anterior 2/3 katatergite (remainder fuscous to dark fuscous); two

broad parallel-sided lateral postsutural vittae ending behind ia. seta.

Postnotum fuscous to dark fuscous except red-brown centrally. Scutellum

yellow except for narrow dark red-brown basal band. Setae: sc. 2, prsc. 2, ia.

1, p.sa. 1, a.sa. 1, mpl. 1, npl. 2, scp. 4; all setae well developed and red-

brown. Legs — all segments fulvous except hind tibiae fuscous; mid tibiae

each with an apical black spur. Wings — length 6.2 mm; cells be and

c colourless or with a very pale tint; microtrichia in outer corner of cell

c only; remainder of wings colourless or with a very pale tint except fuscous

cell sc, narrow fuscous costal band overlapping R,,, and becoming very

narrow between apices of R,,, and R,,, before ending just beyond extremity

of R,, a broad fuscous cubital streak ending at wing margin. Dense

aggregation of microtrichia around A,+CuA,; supernumerary lobe of medium

development.

Abdomen. Oval; terga free; pecten present on tergum III. Tergum I and

sterna I and II wider than long. Terga I and II generally red-brown to

fuscous except for large posterolateral fulvous areas on tergum II; terga III-V

orange-brown centrally with a narrow medial longitudinal diffuse pale

fuscous band on terga III and IV and two broad lateral longitudinal dark

fuscous bands over terga III-V and joining along anterior margin of tergum

III (sometimes paler on posterolateral areas of tergum IV and around shining

spots on tergum V). A pair of oval fuscous shining spots on tergum V.

Posterior lobe of surstylus short; sternum V with a deep concavity on

posterior margin.

Female. As for male except supernumerary lobe weak; abdominal tergum III

without pecten. Ovipositor: basal segment orange-brown, dorsoventrally

compressed and tapering posteriorly in dorsal view; ratio of length of

oviscape to length of tergum V, 0.33:1. Aculeus needle shaped at apex.

Attractant. Methyl eugenol.

Distribution. Torres Strait islands (known from Badu, Darnley, Nepean,

Saibai, Stephen, Thursday and Yorke Islands).

Host. Barringtonia racemosa (Lecythidaceae).

Comments. B. parabarringtoniae is similar to B. aithogaster Drew,

B. barringtoniae (Tryon) and B. peninsularis (Drew & Hancock) in

possessing a general red-brown scutum and pale abdominal terga II-V with

lateral dark colour patterns. It differs from these species in having abdominal

terga III-V with broad lateral longitudinal dark fuscous bands that are usually

joined along anterior margin of tergum III and with terga III and IV

possessing a narrow medial longitudinal diffuse pale fuscous band. In

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1) 5

addition, it differs from B. barringtoniae and B. peninsularis in having a pair

of lateral longitudinal fuscous bands on the scutum.

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) yorkensis Drew & Hancock, sp. nov.

(Fig. 2)

Types. QUEENSLAND: Holotype 0, [base of] Rex Range (Site RFRR 001) [nr

Mossman], 16.ix.1996, P. Gleeson et al., attracted to methyl eugenol (in QM, Reg.

No. T.57687); paratypes: 1 d', Somerset, Cape York, 28.vi.1995, PQ staff; 1 C,

Mossman (Site MOSG 40), 7.xii.1995, QDPI; 1 0”, Rex Range (Site RFRR 003),

20.v.1996, QDPI staff; 1 0’, Rex Range (Site RFRR 005), 20.v.1996, QDPI staff;

10", Rex Range (Site RFRR 005), 27.v.1996, QDPI staff; 1 o, Rex Range (Site

RFRR 001), 1.vii.1996, QDPI staff; 2 o’0’, Kuranda (Site RFK 003), 31.v.1996,

QDPI staff; 4 oo", Palm Cove (Site NBG 6), Cairns, 28.xii.1996, QDPI staff; 1 C,

Yarrabah, Cairns, ix.1996, C. Darling; all paratypes attracted to methyl eugenol. 1 o

in OM, Reg. No. T.57688; 3 o'd in ANIC; 6 o'd in QDPI; 3 o’o" in BMNH.

Other material examined. QUEENSLAND: 205 00", from the following localities:

Hopevale, Cooktown, Amos Bay, Mt Poverty, Rossville, Shipton’s Flat, Bloomfield

River, Mossman, Port Douglas, Mowbray Valley, Oak Beach, Ellis Beach, Buchans

Point, Palm Cove, Trinity Beach, Cairns, Yarrabah, Cardwell; all collected at methyl

eugenol (all in QDPI, Cairns). Collected in all months of the year.

Fig. 2. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) yorkensis Drew & Hancock, sp. nov.

6 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Description of male

Head. Vertical length 1.17 mm. Frons length 1.66 times breadth; orange-

brown without dark markings; orbital setae red-brown: 1 s.or., 2 i.or.; lunule

orange-brown. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex orange-brown. Face fulvous,

no dark spots or markings; length 0.42 mm. Genae fulvous, no subocular

spot; pale seta present. Occiput orange-brown, fulvous along eye margins;

occipital row with a large number of small pale setae. Antennae with

segments | and 2 orange-brown, segment 3 orange-brown with pale fuscous

on apex and outer surface; short pale dorsal seta on segment 2; arista black

(orange-brown basally); length of segments: 0.12 mm; 0.22 mm; 0.56 mm.

Thorax. Scutum dark orange-brown with irregular pale fuscous to black

patterns of varying size. Pleural areas dark orange-brown except for two

small dark fuscous to black spots on anterior margin of katatergite and below

wing. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobes; notopleura; a broad

yellow band connecting postpronotal lobe and notopleuron; broad

mesopleural stripe reaching almost to postpronotal lobe dorsally, continuing

to katepisternum as a large transverse spot, anterior margin strongly convex;

anatergite (posterior apex black); anterior 2/3 katatergite (remainder black);

two short lateral postsutural vittae tapering posteriorly to end before level of

ia. setae. Postnotum orange-brown with narrow to broad dark fuscous to

black lateral margins. Scutellum yellow except for narrow orange-brown

basal band. Setae: sc. 2, prsc. 2, ia. 1, p.sa. 1, a.sa. 1, mpl. 1, npl. 2, scp. 4;

all setae red-brown. Legs — all segments orange-brown except basal

segments of tarsi fulvous, apical four segments of fore tarsi fuscous and hind

tibiae with fuscous basally and dark fuscous apically; mid tibiae each with an

apical red-brown spur. Wings — length 4.56 mm; cell bc pale fuscous, cell c

with a pale tint only; microtrichia in outer corner of cell c only; remainder of

wings colourless except dark fuscous cell sc, narrow dark fuscous costal band

confluent with R,,, and widening slightly at apex of wing before ending

between extremities of R,,, and M, a broad fuscous cubital streak narrowing

sharply to end before wing margin. Dense aggregation of microtrichia

around A,+CuA,; supernumerary lobe of medium development.

Abdomen. Oval; terga free; pecten present on tergum III. Tergum I and

sterna I and II wider than long. All terga dark orange-brown without dark

markings. A pair of oval orange-brown shining spots on tergum V. Posterior

lobe of surstylus short; sternum V with a deep concavity on posterior margin.

Female. Unknown.

Attractant. Methyl eugenol.

Distribution. North Queensland; known from the northern tip of Cape York

Peninsula at Somerset, the Cooktown to Cairns districts and near Cardwell.

Comments. B. yorkensis is similar to B. diaphana (Hering) and

B. ochromarginis (Drew) in possessing general pale colouration of the thorax

and abdomen, fulvous legs, wings with a narrow costal band and cubital

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1) 7

streak and a yellow band connecting the postpronotal lobes and notopleura.

It differs from both species in having prsc. bristles, lateral postsutural vittae

tapering to a point to end before the ia. setae, facial spots absent, costal cells

with a pale tint and abdominal terga entirely orange-brown without dark

markings. In addition it differs from B. diaphana in having the mesopleural

stripe reaching almost to the postpronotal lobe, notopleura entirely yellow

and costal cells without dense microtrichia. Most specimens were collected

at low altitudes in or near eucalypt woodland.

Bactrocera (Bulladacus) Drew & Hancock

Bactrocera (Bulladacus) neotigrina Drew & Hancock, sp. nov.

(Figs 3, 4)

Types. QUEENSLAND: Holotype 0", Helenvale [nr Cooktown], 29.i.1997, D. Wood

et al., bred ex Terminalia sericocarpa (sample No. NQB 2819) (in QM, Reg. No.

T.57689); paratypes: | d', 5 99, same data as holotype; 4 o'0", 8 99, Jensen's

Crossing, NW of Cooktown, 16.xii.1996, D. Wood, bred ex Terminalia sericocarpa

(sample No. NQC 352). 1 0%, 2 9? in QM, Reg. No. T.57690 — T.57692; 1 9", 4 99 in

ANIC; 2 00", 4 9? in QDPI; 1 0”, 3 99 in BMNH.

Fig. 3. Bactrocera (Bulladacus) neotigrina Drew & Hancock, sp. nov.

8 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Description of male

Head. Vertical length 1.1 mm. Frons length 1.6 times breadth; orange-

brown with fulvous lateral margins; anteromedial hump with a small number

of short pale hairs; orbital setae red-brown: 1 s.or., 2 i.or.; lunule red-brown.

Ocellar triangle black. Vertex orange-brown. Face orange-brown centrally,

fulvous laterally and without any dark markings or spots; length 0.4 mm.

Genae fulvous, without dark subocular spot; red-brown seta present. Occiput

orange-brown, fulvous along eye margins; occipital row with a large number

of small pale setae. Antennae with all segments entirely fulvous; small pale

dorsal seta on segment 2; arista black (pale red-brown basally); length of

segments: 0.06 mm; 0.18 mm; 0.44 mm.

Thorax. Scutum orange-brown with a narrow black band along posterior

margin and, in some specimens, a narrow longitudinal black band running

from each end of this band to the mesonotal suture. Pleural areas orange-

brown without dark markings. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal

lobes; notopleura; broad mesopleural stripe reaching to postpronotal lobe

dorsally, continuing to katepisternum as a large transverse spot, anterior

margin straight; anatergite (posterior apex black); anterior 3/4 katatergite

(remainder black); two broad parallel sided lateral postsutural vittae ending

behind ia. setae; a broad triangular medial postsutural vitta reaching almost

to posterior margin of scutum, enclosing prsc. bristles and narrowing to a

point anteriorly to end just posterior to level of mesonotal suture. Postnotum

dark fuscous to black, tending red-brown dorsolaterally. Scutellum yellow

except for narrow red-brown basal band. Setae: sc. 2, prsc. 2, ia. 1, p.sa.

1, a.sa. absent, mpl. 1, npl. 2, scp. 4; all setae red-brown. Legs — entirely

fulvous without dark: markings; mid tibiae each with an apical dark red-

brown spur. Wings — length 3.8 mm; cells bc and c fuscous; microtrichia

covering all of cell c and outer corner of cell bc; remainder of wings

colourless except fuscous cell sc, narrow fuscous costal band confluent with

R,,, (paler in cell r,) and expanding in apex of wing between R,,, and M

before ending at extremity of M, a very pale fuscous cubital streak. A

swelling of wing membrane along anal cell extension that has the appearance

of a colourless incomplete bulla. No distinct dense aggregation of

microtrichia around A,+CuA,; supernumerary lobe of medium development.

Abdomen. Oval; terga free; weak pecten present on tergum III. Tergum I

and sterna I and II wider than long. Terga I-V orange-brown except fulvous

posterolaterally on tergum II and black anterolaterally on tergum III and as a

broad medial longitudinal spot on tergum V. Oval shining spots absent.

Posterior lobe of surstylus short; sternum V with a deep concavity on

posterior margin.

Female. As for male except supernumerary lobe weak; abdominal tergum III

without pecten. Ovipositor: basal segment orange-brown; dorsoventrally

compressed, tapering posteriorly in dorsal view; ratio of length of oviscape to

length of tergum V, 0.7 to 1.1 : 1. Aculeus needle shaped at apex.

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1) 9

Figs 4-5. Bactrocera (Bulladacus) spp. (4) B. neotigrina; (5) B. tigrina.

(Photographs by Paul Zborowski)

Attractant. Not attracted to known lures.

Distribution. Northeast Queensland; known from Cooktown to Gordonvale

(Cairns district).

Host. Terminalia sericocarpa (Combretaceae).

Comments. B. neotigrina is similar to B. tigrina (May) (Fig. 5) in having

facial spots absent, similar shaped lateral and medial postsutural vittae,

yellow postpronotal lobes, broad mesopleural stripe reaching to postpronotal

lobe and abdominal terga basically orange-brown. It differs from B. tigrina

in possessing a red-brown scutum, abdominal terga III-V with markedly

reduced dark patterns (anterolateral corners of tergum III and medial spot on

tergum V black), a reduced or incomplete bulla in male wing, no sexual

dimorphism in abdominal and wing colour patterns and costal band narrow

and pale in cell r. Both B. tigrina and B. neotigrina were bred from the

same host, Terminalia sericocarpa, with B. tigrina also utilising Terminalia

muelleri. This is unusual for species of subgenus Bulladacus, elsewhere

known only from Gnetum spp. (Gnetaceae) and Aglaia samoensis

(Meliaceae) (Drew and Hancock 1995 [possible misidentification]). Both

B. neotigrina and B. tigrina occur in rainforests.

Bactrocera (Hemizeugodacus) Hardy

Bactrocera (Hemizeugodacus) ektoalangiae Drew & Hancock, sp. nov.

(Fig. 6)

Types. QUEENSLAND: Holotype 0, 3.5 km along Goldsborough Valley [nr

Gordonvale], 13.1.1997, L. Cockett et al, bred from Alangium villosum ssp

polyosmoides (sample No. MR 244) (in QM, Reg. No. T.57693); paratypes: 3 99,

same data as holotype. 1 2 in ANIC; 2 °° in QDPI.

Description of male

Head. Vertical length 1.38 mm. Frons length 1.75 times breadth; orange-

brown with narrow fulvous margins anterolaterally and a pale fuscous

10 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

anteromedial hump, the latter with a large number of short dark hairs; orbital

setae black: 1 s.or, 2 i.or.; lunule orange-brown to pale fuscous. Ocellar

triangle black. Vertex orange-brown. Face fulvous with a pair of medium

sized oval black spots; length 0.4 mm. Genae fulvous with a dark fuscous

subocular spot; black seta present. Occiput orange-brown, fulvous along eye

margins; occipital row with 4-5 strong black setae. Antennae with segments

1 and 2 red-brown, segment 3 broken off; a short black dorsal seta on

segment 2; length of segments: 0.14 mm; 0.28 mm.

Fig. 6. Bactrocera (Hemizeugodacus) ektoalangiae Drew & Hancock, sp. nov.

Thorax. Scutum orange-brown with an overall yellowish tint and a pair of

small irregularly shaped black spots posterolaterally. Pleural areas orange-

brown except for fuscous along anterior and posterior margins of

mesopleural stripe and on central area of the katepisternum. Yellow

markings as follows: postpronotal lobes; notopleura; a medium sized

mesopleural stripe, reaching midway between anterior margin of notopleuron

and anterior npl. seta dorsally, continuing onto katepisternum as a large spot,

anterior margin straight; anatergite (posterior apex pale fuscous); anterior 2/3

katatergite (remainder orange-brown); two lateral postsutural vittae of

medium width, narrowing only slightly posteriorly to end at the ia. seta.

Postnotum red-brown. Scutellum yellow except for a narrow black basal

band. Setae: sc. 2, prsc. 2, ia. 1, p.sa. 1, a.sa. 1, mpl. 1, npl. 2, scp. 4; all

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1) 11

setae strong and dark fuscous. Legs — all segments fulvous except fore tibiae

pale fuscous and hind tibiae fuscous; mid tibiae each with an apical dark

fuscous spur. Wings — length 5.2 mm; cells bc and c colourless; microtrichia

in outer corner of cell c only; remainder of wings colourless except fuscous

cell sc, narrow fuscous costal band overlapping R,,, and ending between

extremities of R,,, and M, a broad fuscous cubital streak ending at wing

margin. Dense aggregation of microtrichia around A,+CuA,; supernumerary

lobe of medium development.

Abdomen. Oval; terga free; pecten present on tergum III. Tergum I and

sterna I and II wider than long. Tergum I dark fuscous to black except for a

narrow orange-brown posterior margin; tergum II orange-brown except for

large fulvous areas posterolaterally, a medial and two lateral transverse black

spots anteriorly and narrow lateral black margins; terga III-V fulvous except

for a broad medial and two broad lateral longitudinal black bands over all

three terga and joined along anterior margin of tergum III. A pair of oval

orange-brown shining spots on tergum V. Posterior lobe of surstylus short;

sternum V with a slight concavity on posterior margin.

Female. As for male except as follows: without dense aggregation of

microtrichia around A,+CuA,; supernumerary lobe weak; abdominal tergum

III without a pecten. Ovipositor: basal segment red-brown, dorsoventrally

compressed and tapering posteriorly in dorsal view; ratio of length of

oviscape to length of tergum V, 0.6:1. Aculeus trilobed at apex. Length of

antennal segment 3 (lost in male), 0.6 mm.

Attractant. No known record.

Distribution. Northeast Queensland; known only from the Goldsborough

Valley near Gordonvale, Cairns district.

Host. Alangium villosum ssp. polyosmoides (Alangiaceae).

Comments. B. ektoalangiae fits into subgenus Hemizeugodacus Hardy in

possessing a short posterior surstylus lobe, a slight concavity on the posterior

margin of abdominal sternum V of male, a pecten on abdominal tergum III of

male and prescutellar bristles present. It possesses two sc. bristles, not four

as in the two previously known species of Hemizeugodacus. B. ektoalangiae

is similar to B. (H.) aglaiae (Hardy) and B. (H.) aurea (May) in having a

general red-brown body colouration with an overall yellowish tint, wings

with a narrow costal band and cubital streak, postpronotal lobes and

notopleura yellow and lateral postsutural yellow vittae present. It differs

from B. aglaiae in lacking a medial postsutural yellow vitta on the scutum,

and in possessing colourless cells bc and c, distinct black patterns on

abdominal terga III-V and a trilobed apex on the aculeus of the female

ovipositor. B. ektoalangiae has an interesting similarity with B. aurea in that

they have been reared from different subspecies of the same rainforest plant,

Alangium villosum, B. aurea from subspecies tomentosum in southeast

Queensland and B. ektoalangiae from subspecies polyosmoides.in northeast

12 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Queensland. B. ektoalangiae differs from B. aurea in lacking a fuscous

pattern on the wing in addition to the costal band and cubital streak and in

possessing an entirely yellow scutellum, anterior supra-alar bristles, a

mesopleural stripe of medium width, colourless cells bc and c with

microtrichia in outer corner of cell c only, distinct black patterns on

abdominal terga III-V and a trilobed apex on the aculeus of the female

ovipositor.

Bactrocera (Javadacus) Hardy

Bactrocera (Javadacus) unirufa Drew

Comments. This species is widespread in rainforests from Rossville (south of

Cooktown) to the Ingham district and responds to methyl eugenol.

Specimens are also known from the Bamaga and Lockhart River areas of

Cape York Peninsula and from Dunk Island. Previously recorded only from

the type locality, Bellenden Ker Range (Drew 1989). The host is unknown.

Dacus (Callantra) Walker

Dacus (Callantra) pusillus (May)

Comments. This species is widespread in rainforests from Cooktown to the

Ingham district. It also occurs at Lockhart River on Cape York Peninsula

and was recorded from Torres Strait islands by Drew (1989). The host is

unknown.

Dacus (Dacus) Fabricius

Dacus (Dacus) secamoneae Drew

Comments. A female from 3.5 km south of Chillagoe (17°10'S, 144°32'B),

26.iv.1997, C.J. Burwell (in QM) has yellow postpronotal lobes but

otherwise appears to belong here. This species is known previously only

from the Northern Territory (Drew 1989).

Acknowledgments

Fruit fly specimens used in this study were collected during field surveillance

for the Bactrocera papayae eradication programme in North Queensland and

in the North Australian Quarantine Survey in the Torres Strait Islands. The

illustrations were prepared by M. Romig, Y. Martin and S. Phillips.

References

DREW, R.A.I. 1989. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian

and Oceanian regions. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26: 1-521.

DREW, R.A.I. and HANCOCK, D.L. 1995. New species, subgenus and records of Bactrocera

Macquart from the South Pacific (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Journal of the Australian

Entomological Society 34: 7-11.

DREW, R.A.I, HANCOCK, D.L. and ROMIG, M.C. 1981. Australian Dacinae (Diptera:

Tephritidae) — New species from Cape York Peninsula, a discussion of species complexes and

key to species. Australian Journal of Zoology 29: 49-91.

OSBORNE, R., MEATS, A., FROMMER, M., SVED, J.A., DREW, R.A. and

ROBSON, M.K. 1997. Australian distribution of 17 species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

caught in cue lure traps in February 1994, Australian Journal of Entomology 36: 45-50.

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1): 13-14 13

AN ABERRANT FOOD-PLANT RECORD FOR JALMENUS

EVAGORAS (DONOVAN) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE)

Rod Eastwood

270 Bloomfield Street, Cleveland, Qld 4163

Abstract

Jalmenus evagoras (Donovan) larvae normally feed on Acacia spp. (Mimosaceae) but are here

recorded feeding and completing development on the mistletoe Amyema pendulum (Sieb. ex

Spreng.) Van Tiegh (Loranthaceae). It is likely that an oviposition mistake occurred due to the

presence of attendant ants, the proximity of normal host plant and an expanding J. evagoras

population.

Introduction

A small colony of Jalmenus evagoras (Donovan) at Griffith University,

Nathan Campus, has been known and studied for several years (Smiley et al.

1988, Fraser 1997). The butterfly feeds exclusively on Acacia spp.

(Mimosaceae) (e.g. Common and Waterhouse 1981, Braby 1988, Crosby

1994) and at Nathan the food-plant is A. leiocalyx (Domin) Pendley (Fraser

1997). The butterfly also has an obligate relationship with the ant

Iridomyrmex anceps (Roger) (Pierce et al. 1987).

Since the colony was first recorded in 1988 it has been confined to the

western end of the campus adjacent to the Ring Road (R. L. Kitching pers.

comm.). However, during the summer of 1998 the colony underwent a

population expansion and spread across much of the campus wherever its

food-plant and attendant ants were present.

Observations

On 26 February 1998, one late instar and three smaller larvae of J. evagoras

were discovered feeding on the mistletoe Amyema pendulum (Sieb. ex

Spreng.) Van Tiegh. The mistletoe was growing on an overhanging branch

of a small Corymbia trachyphloia (F. Muell.) (Myrtaceae) on a steep

roadside bank approximately 60 cm from the ground. A small Acacia

leiocalyx, approximately 1.5 m high, on which J. evagoras larvae were

feeding, was growing within 60 cm of the base of the C. trachyphloia.

Several other acacias within 3-4 m also had J. evagoras immatures. All were

attended by Iridomyrmex ants and there did not appear to be any noticeable

difference in ant attendance levels between those on the acacias or on the

mistletoe. Adult J. evagoras were often observed flying around the mistletoe

and nearby acacias and females were seen landing on the mistletoe and

investigating the foliage.

The larvae on the mistletoe were periodically observed during a 16 day

period. On 9 March one had entered the prepupal stage but on the following

morning the prepupa had disappeared, possibly falling victim to jumper ants

(Myrmecia sp.). Several of these ants were observed on the ground nearby

and on the mistletoe and are known to be predators of J. evagoras larvae

(Pierce 1984). On 14 March, two other larvae had disappeared but the

14 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

remaining one had pupated. This pupa was removed and a normal

J. evagoras female emerged on 23 March (in author’s collection). All the

larvae feeding on the mistletoe appeared to develop at a normal rate.

Discussion

It is unlikely that all four larvae had strayed from the nearby Acacia to the

mistletoe, since there was a thick leaf litter layer and terrestrial predators

present. It is more likely that J. evagoras females made an oviposition

mistake responding to the presence of Iridomyrmex on the mistletoe (see

Atsatt 1981, Pierce and Elgar 1985). These mistakes often do not result in

the successful development of the insect but, if successful, may be a

precursor to speciation (Pierce 1984).

Females of J. evagoras usually oviposit on trees less than two meters tall

(Smiley et al. 1988) and would not normally encounter mistletoe which is

mostly confined to the upper branches of trees on campus (circa 15-20 m

above ground). The unusual juxtaposition of plants, presence of suitable ants

and the expanding nature of the butterfly colony probably contributed to the

oviposition mistake. However, whatever the reasons, it is still significant that

the larvae successfully completed development on the mistletoe.

Acknowledgment

Ithank Mike Olsen (Griffith University) for identifying the plants.

References

ATSATT, P.R. 1981. Ant-dependent food plant selection by the mistletoe butterfly Ogyris

amaryllis (Lycaenidae). Oecologica 48: 60-63.

BRABY, M.F. 1988. New food plants for Jalmenus evagoras evagoras (Donovan)

(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 15(1): 33-34.

COMMON, I.F.B. and WATERHOUSE, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Angus and

Robertson, Sydney; pp xiv + 682.

CROSBY, D.F. 1994. New distribution and food plant records for some Victorian butterflies

(Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea). Australian Entomologist 21(3): 65-68.

FRASER, A.M. 1997. Evolution of Specialization in Lycaenid Butterfly-Ant Mutualisms. PhD

Dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

PIERCE, N.E. 1984. Amplified species diversity: a case study of an Australian lycaenid

butterfly and its attendant ants. In: Vane-Wright, R.I. and Ackery, P.R. (eds), The Biology of

Butterflies. Academic Press, London; pp 197-200.

PIERCE, N.E. and ELGAR, M.A. 1985. The influence of ants on host plant selection by

Jalmenus evagoras, a myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly. Behavioral Ecology and

Sociobiology 16: 209-222.

PIERCE, N.E., KITCHING, R.L., BUCKLEY, R.C., TAYLOR, M.F.J. and BENBOW, K.F.

1987. The costs and benefits of cooperation between the Australian lycaenid butterfly,

Jalmenus evagoras, and its attendant ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 21: 237-248.

SMILEY, J.T., ATSATT, P.R. and PIERCE, N.E. 1988. Local distribution of the lycaenid

butterfly, Jalmenus evagoras, in response to host ants and plants. Oecologia 76: 416-422.

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1): 15-27 15

A CHECKLIST OF MACROLEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED FROM

RAINFOREST AND FORMER FOREST AREAS ON BASALT SOILS

ON THE ATHERTON TABLELAND

A.G. ORR and R.L. KITCHING

Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management,

Environmental Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111

Abstract

This paper lists 835 species of nocturnal Macrolepidoptera collected during a quantitative

sampling programme undertaken in northern Queensland in 1996-97. About 94% of designated

‘morphospecies’ were determined to genus and 72% to species.

Introduction

In 1996/97 we made two collecting excursions to Atherton, northern

Queensland, trapping for three weeks each in the dry and wet seasons. We

ran 6 battery operated actinic light traps per night in 10 localities which

included complex notophyll vine forest type 5b, growing on basalt soils, and

sites where the same original forest had been cleared and was in early

(scramblerland) to mid successional stages of regrowth (see Hopkins et al.

1996 for habitat definitions). Mature forest localities included the well

known Curtain Fig, Picnic Crossing and Wongabel State Forest. For the

purposes of this study ‘Macromoths’ were defined by the usual

macrolepidopteran families excepting butterflies and, in addition, the

Pyraloidea, Hyblaeoidea, Immoidea, Zygaenoidea, Sesioidea and

Castnioidea. The result was a total of 15,452 specimens which were sorted

initially to morphospecies, counted and eventually identified as far as was

possible by comparison with named specimens at ANIC, Canberra. Failure

to identify specimens to species most commonly reflected the lack of an

available name. The 835 species in our catch represents more than 17% of

the named Australian fauna for groups considered. A selection of species is

illustrated (Fig. 1). Faunistic relationships and ecological results are treated

elsewhere (Kitching et al. 1997, Orr and Kitching, in press). The following

is a list of the species we collected.

The Checklist

Species collected are listed following Neilsen et al. (1995) except where

known species occurred which did not appear in that list. NAG refers to no

available genus. The codes ‘sp A’, etc refer to determination labels on

voucher specimens. The prefix ‘aff? before a species name indicates a

species close to the sample species but considered to be clearly different.

Where uncertainty exists in a determination at the specific or generic level

this is indicated by a question mark before the name.

16 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Fig. 1. (a) Eustixis sp.(in ANIC, unnamed), (b) Theila siennata, (c) Peridilias Sp.,

(unusual form, close to aprosita), (d) Meroctena staintonii, (e) Saroba niphomaculata,

(f) Poecilasthena ischnophrica, (g) Comibaena mariae, (h) Corymica pryeri,

(i) Scaphidriotis sp. (in ANIC, unnamed), (j) Beara falcata, (k) Erias sp. Scale bars

-5mm.

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Table 1. List of moths recorded during 1996-97 near Atherton, Qld.

CHOREUTIDAE

Choreutis basalis (Felder & Rogenhofer)

Choreutis metallica (Turner)

ZYGAENIDAE

Zygaenidae sp A

LACTURIDAE

Eustixis parallela (Meyrick)

Eustixis sapotearum (Swainson)

Eustixis sp

LIMACODIDAE

Mambara delocrossa (Turner)

Anaxidia lozogramma (Turner)

; Anaxidia sp

Eloasa callidesma (Lower)

Anepopsia eugyra Turner

Hypselolopha hypodrosa Turner

Praesusica placerodes (Turner)

Thosea penthima Turner

IMMIDAE

Imma lyrifera Meyrick

THYRIDIDAE

Striglininae

Striglina cinnamomea (Rothschild)

Banisia myrusalis (Walker)

Siculodinae

Hypolamprus bastialis (Walker)

Hypolamprus sp aff melilialis (Swinhoe)

Hypolamprus ypsilon (Warren)

Addaea subtessellata Walker

Oxychophina theorina (Meyrick)

PYRALIDAE

Galleriinae

Tirathalba rufivena (Walker)

Tirathalba parasiticus (T.P. Lucas)

Heteromicta ochraceela Hampson

Heteromicta poedes Turner

Meyriccia latro (Zeller)

Doloessa viridis Zeller

Epipaschiinae

Pseudocera trissosticha (Turner)

Salma hicanodes (Turner)

Salma nephelodes (Turner)

Lacalma albirufalis (Hampson)

Lacalma ? mniomima (Turner)

Stericta philobrya (Turner)

Stericta concisella (Walker)

Stericta ? rubroviridis Warren

Stericta ? dochmoscia (Turner)

Stericta bryomima (Turner)

Stericta sp aff bryomima (Turner)

Stericta sp

Orthaga seminivea (Warren)

Endotrichinae

Endotricha ignealis Geunée

Endotricha mesenterialis (Walker)

Endotricha dispergens T.P. Lucas

Endotricha pyrosalis Geunée

Endotricha lobibasalis Hampson

Endotricha pyrrhocosma Turner

Larodryas haplocala Turner

Pyralinae

Ocrasa decoloralis (Lederer)

Gauna flavibasalis (Hampson)

Arescoptera idiotypa Turner

Scenedra decoratalis (Walker)

Tanyethira sp

Vitesa glaucoptera Hampson

Macna coelocrossa (Turner)

Cardamyla didymalis Walker

Phycitinae

Cryptoblabini

Cryptoblabes spp A-E

Berastagia sp

Pseudodavara sp

NAG "Cryptoblabes" ferrealis (Lower)

Cryptoblabini spp A-E

Guastica sp

18

Phycitini

NAG "Faveria" oculiferella (Meyrick)

NAG "Faveria" poliochyta (Turner)

Faveria laiasalis Walker

Faveria tritalis (Walker)

? Faveria sp A

Ptyobathra sp

Calguia ? defiguralis Walker

Calguia sp

Indomyrlaea auchmodes (Turner)

Tylochares sp aff melanodes (Hampson)

Etiella walsinghamella Ragonot

Etiella behrii (Zeller)

Protoetiella venustella (Hampson)

Cathyalia pallicostalis (Walker)

Acrobasis olivalis (Hampson)

Hypargyria metalliferella Ragonot

Aurana actiosella Walker

Hypsipyla robusta (Moore)

Assara spp A-C

Homoeosoma vagella Zeller

Phycitini spp A-J

Peorini

Heosphora sp

Emmalocera sp

Peorini spp A-G

Crambinae

Euchromus sp aff cornus Schoulten

Neargyria argyraspis (Meyrick)

? Chilo sp

Calamotropha paludella (Hübner)

Calamotropha delatalis (Walker)

Crambinae spp A -D

Nymphulinae

Araeomorpha diplopa (Lower)

Araeomorpha limnophila Turner

Araeomorpha sp

?Araeomorpha sp

Hygraula nitens (Butler)

Paraponyx dentizonalis (Hampson)

Paraponyx villidalis (Walker)

Paraponyx polydectalis (Walker)

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Paraponyx ? crisonalis (Walker)

Paraponyx stagnalis (Zeller)

Paraponyx diminutalis Snellen

Paraponyx dicentra Meyrick

Paraponyx tenebralis (Lower)

Elophila difflualis Snellen

Paracataclysta fuscalis (Hampson)

Cataclysta lampetialis Walker

Margarosticha sphenotis Meyrick

Margarosticta repetitalis (Warren)

Margarosticha sp A

Strepsinoma cruesalis (Walker)

Strepsinoma ? amaura Meyrick

Strepsinoma sp A

Strepsinoma sp B

Tetrernia teminitis Meyrick

Theila siennata (Warren)

Ambia ptolycusalis Walker

Scopariinae

Scopariini

Scoparia aphrodes Meyrick

Scopariini sp A

Hoploscopini

Perimecta sp

Hoploscopini sp A

Schoenobiinae

?Niphandoses pelleuces Common

Cybalomiinae

Trichophysetis neophylla Meyrick

Cybalomiinae sp A

Evergestinae

Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius)

Crocidoloma suffusalis (Hampson)

Odontiinae

Hemiscopis violacea (T.P. Lucas)

Hydrorybina polusalis (Walker)

Pseudonoorda hemileuca (Turner)

Trigonoorda trygoda (Meyrick)

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Glaphryriinae

Hellula undalis (Fabricius)

Pyraustinae

Pyraustini

Pyrausta panopealis (Walker)

Ebulea perflavis (Hampson)

Pagyda botydalis (Snellen)

Hyalobathra brevialis (Walker)

Hyalobathra minialis (Warren)

Paliga mandronalis (Walker)

Paliga ignealis (Walker)

Circobotys occultilinea (Walker)

Lamprophaia albifimbrialis Walker

Lamprophaia ablactis Walker

Achyra massalis (Walker)

Urisiphita ornithopteralis (Geunée)

Euclasta maceratalis Lederer

Spilomelini

Sameodes iolealis (Walker)

Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller)

Samea multiplicalis (Geunée)

Desmia discrepens (Butler)

Hymenia perspectalis (Hübner)

Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius)

Symmoracma minoralis (Snellen)

Bradina mannusalis (Walker)

Bradina admixtalis (Walker )

Aetholix flavibasis (Geunée)

Atelocentra chloraspis Meyrick

Piletocera meekii (T.P. Lucas)

Nacoleia amphicedalis (Walker)

Nacoleia mesochlora (Meyrick)

Nacoleia rhoeoalis (Walker)

Nacoleia glagoptera Turner

Nacoleia onychophragma Turner

Nacoleia syngenica Turner

Nacoleia obliqualis Hampson

Glycythyma leonina (Butler)

Metasia spilocrossa Turner

Metasia sp aff capnochroa Meyrick

Metasia ? ateloxantha (Meyrick)

Metasia tiasalis (Walker)

Metasia sp A aff familiaris (Meyrick)

Metasia spp B-F

Metasia zinkenialis Hampson

Didymostoma aurotinctalis (Hampson)

Dysallacta negatalis (Walker)

Dysallacta sp

Glyphodes callipona Turner

Glyphodes caesalis

Glyphodes sp aff onychinalis (Geunée)

Glyphodes multilinealis Kenrick

Glyphodes stolalis Geunée

Glyphodes canthusalis Walker

Glyphodes conjunctalis Walker

Glyphodes bicolor (Swainson)

Glyphodes sp aff microta Meyrick

Glyphodes flavizonalis Hampson

Agrioglypta itysalis (Walker)

Agrioglypta excelsalis (Walker)

Talanga sexpunctalis (Moore)

Chabula acamasalis (Walker)

Cydalima laticostalis (Geunée)

Omiodes surrectalis (Walker)

Omiodes origoalis (Walker)

Omiodes basalticolis (Lederer)

Omiodes poeonalis (Walker)

Omoides diemenalis (Geunée)

Omiodes sp A

Omiodes chrysampyx (Turner)

Parotis marginata (Hampson)

? Stemorrhages sp A

Palpita sp A aff unionalis (Hübner)

Palpita sp B

Palpita limbata (Butler)

Palpita kiminensis Kirti & Rose

Cirrhocrista sp aff annulifera Hampson

Caprinia felderi Lederer

Trigonobela perfenestrata (Butler)

Leucinodes orbonalis Geunée

Sceliodes cordalis (Doubleday)

Terastia subjectalis Lederer

Agathodes ostentalis Geyer

Maruca vitrata (Fabricius)

Pygospila tyres (Cramer)

Syllepte ochrotozona Hampson

Syllepte ridopalis Swinhoe

Haritolodes derogata (Fabricius)

20

Pardomima pompusalis (Walker)

Botyodes asialis Geunée

Meroctena staintonii Lederer

Notarcha aurolinealis (Walker)

Conogethes punctiferalis (Geunée)

Conogethes haemactalis Snellen

Lipararchis tranqullalis (Lederer)

Rhimphalea lindusalis (Walker)

Pycnarmon meritalis Walker

Prophantis sp

Cotachena histricalis (Walker)

Cotchena aluensis (Butler)

Spilomelini sp A

Aethaloessa calidalis (Geunée)

Aethaloessa sp

Orphanostigma abruptalis (Walker)

Orphanostigma angustale Hampson

Ectadiosoma straminea (T.P. Lucas)

Archernis callixantha Meyrick

Protonoceras mitis (Turner)

Prorodes mimica Swinhoe

Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker)

Herpetogramma stultatis (Walker)

Herpetogramma sp

Cnapholocrocis medinalis (Geunée)

Cnapholocrocis poeyalis (Boisduval)

Cnapholocrocis sp ? aff bilinealis (Hampson)

Cnaphalocrocis sp

tribe uncertain

Pyraustinae spp A, B

GEOMETRIDAE

Ennominae

Hypochrosini

Corymica pryeri (Butler)

Scardamiini

Scardamia ithyzona Turner

Aplochlora sp

Baptini

Eurychoria geraspora (Turner)

Eurychoria sp aff fictilis (Turner)

Borbacha euchrysa (Lower)

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Lithinini

Urostola magica Meyrick

Caberini

Parametrodes dispar Warren

Casbia sp aff rectaria Walker

Casbia albinotata Warren

Casbia sp aff scardemiata Warren

Lomographa sp A

Laophila sabulicolor (Turner)

Eutoeini

Luxiaria ochrophara (Turner)

Macariini

Godonela tessellata (Warren)

Boarmiini

NAG ‘Boarmia’ thermaea (Meyrick)

NAG ‘Boarmia’ agoraea (Meyrick)

? Psilalcis isombra (Meyrick)

Neogyne elongata Warren

Paradromulia ambigua Warren

Paradromulia sp A aff ambigua Warren

Paradromulia leucodesma (Turner)

Boarmiini spp A, B aff Paradromulia

Pleurolopha ? nebridota Turner

Ateloptila confusa Warren

Catoria camelaria (Geunée)

Catoria delectaria (Walker)

Ectropis bhurmitra Walker

Ectropis gravis (Turner)

Ectropis mniara Turner

Ectropis sp

Ectropis ? lignea Goldfinch

Cleora repetita (Butler)

Cleora illustraria (Walker)

Cleora sp aff injectaria (Walker)

Cleora tenebrata (D.S. Fletcher)

Cleora costiplaga (D.S. Fletcher)

Cleora sp A aff perfumosa (Warren)

Cleora sp B

Amblychia subrubida Warren

Chorodna strixaria (Geunée)

Racotis maculata (T.P. Lucas)

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Polyacme dissimilis (Warren)

Polyacme subpulchra (Warren)

Polyacme sp

Hyposidra incomptaria (Walker)

Craspedosis leucosticta Warren

Bracca rotundata (Butler)

unplaced

Xenomusa metallica T.P. Lucas

Peridelias aprosita Turner

Oenochrominae

Oenochroma vinaria Geunée

Parepisparis multicolora (T.P. Lucas)

Taxeotis perlinearia (Walker)

Taxeotis ? mimela L.B. Prout

Taxeotis alloceros Turner

Taxeotis epigaea Turner

? Taxeotis sp

Epidesmia tryxaria (Geunée)

Epidesmia reservata (Walker)

Epidesmia sp A aff phoenicina Turner

Eumelea rosalia (Stoll)

Eumelea stipata Turner

Geometrinae

Hypodoxa sp aff bryophylla (Goldfinch)

Pingasa chlora (Stoll)

Aeolochroma hypochromaria (Geunée)

Aeolochroma saturataria (Walker)

Aeolochroma turneri (T.P. Lucas)

Oenochlora imperialalis Warren

Agathia ochrotypa Turner

Agathia prasinaspis Meyrick

Anisozyga insperata (Walker)

Anisozyga sp aff speciosa (T.P. Lucas)

Anisozyga fascinans (T.P. Lucas)

Anisozyga goniota (Lower)

Anisozyga sp A

Metallochlora militaris (T.P. Lucas)

Metallochlora venusta (Warren)

Hemithea pellucidea (Turner)

Gelasma ?calaina (Turner)

Gelasma orthodesma (Lower)

Prasinocyma iosticta (Meyrick)

21

Prasinocyma caniola (Warren)

Comibaena inductaria (Geunée)

Comibaena mariae (T.P. Lucas)

Eucrostes disparata Walker

Mixocera latilineata (Walker)

Mixocera sp.

Pyrrhorachis pyrrhogona (Walker)

Sterrhinae

Organopoda olivescens Warren

Chrysocraspeda cruoraria (Warren)

?Traminda mundissima Walker

Gnamptoloma aventiaria (Geunée)

Anisodes punctata (Warren)

Anisodes sp aff obstataria (Walker)

Anisodes ? niveopunctata (Warren)

Anisodes sp aff flavispila (Warren)

Anisodes ? flavirubra (Warren)

Scopula sp aff oppilata (Walker)

Scopula ? optivata (Walker)

Scopula sp aff optivata (Walker)

Scopula spp A-C

Idaea sp aff delosticta (Turner)

Idaea inversata (Geunée)

Idaea sp ? aff dolichopis (Turner)

Idaea elaphrodes (Turner)

Idaea pilosata (Warren)

Idaea dasypus (Turner)

Idaea sp A

?Idaea sp B

Sterrhinae spp A, B

Larentiinae

Xanthorhoini

Chrysolarentia ? plesia (Turner)

? Xanthorhoe sp A, B

Epyaxa sodaliata (Walker)

Epyaxa ? subidaria (Geunée)

Visiana brujata (Geunée)

Trichopterygini

Sauris plumipes Dugdale

Sauris sp aff malaca (Meyrick)

Trichopterygini sp A

22

Eupitheciini

Gymnoscelis sp A

Larentiinae sp C near Gymnoscelis

Symmimetis muscosa Turner

Symmimetis sylvatica Turner

Chloroclystis elaeopa Turner

Chloroclystis pyrrholopha Turner

Phrissogonus sp ?aff laticostata Walker

Chloroclystis cissocosma Turner

Chloroclystis gonias Turner

Chloroclystis ? delosticta Turner

Chloroclystis sp aff plinthocyta Turner

Chloroclystis spp A-C

Chloroclystis sp aff pauxillula Turner

Tephroclystia tornolopha Turner

Eupithecini spp A, B

Asthenini

Cretheis cymatodes (Meyrick)

Cretheis atrostrigata Warren

Poecilasthena thalassius (Meyrick)

Poecilasthena sthenommata Turner

Poecilasthena ischnophrica Turner

unplaced

Scotocyma albinotata (Walker)

Eccymatoge aorista (Turner)

Heterochasta lasioplaca Lower

DREPANIDAE

Astatochroa fuscimargo (Warren)

URANIIDAE

Uraniinae

Stesichora quadripunctata Warren

Micronia sp A

Epipleminae

Chundana lugubris Walker

Lobogethes interrupta Warren

Balantiucha mutans (Butler)

Balantiucha sp aff leucocera (Hampson)

Cathetus euthystichta (Turner)

LASIOCAMPIDAE

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Pararguda crocata (Turner)

ANTHELIDAE

Anthela ? nicothoe (Boisduval)

Anthela astata Turner

Anthela sp A ? aff acuta (Walker)

Anthela sp B aff acuta (Walker)

Anthela spp C-D

Anthela ocellata (Walker)

Anthelidae sp A

EUPTEROTIDAE

Eupterote expansa (T.P. Lucas)

SATURNIDAE

Syntherata janetta (White)

Coscinoscera hercules (Miskin)

SPHINGIDAE

Sphinginae

Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus)

Macroglossinae

Macroglossum alcedo (Boisduval)

Hippotion rosetta (Swinhoe)

NOTODONTIDAE

Ortholomia mollucana C. Felder

Syntypistis chloroplasta Turner

Neostauropus viridissimus (Bethune-Baker)

Cascera bella Bethune-Baker

Omichlis hadromeres Turner

LYMANTRIIDAE

Arctornis sp

Olene mendosa Hübner

Orgyia australis Walker

Calliteara farenoides (T.P. Lucas)

Dura sp

Dasychiroides sp A

Euzora collucens (T.P. Lucas)

Leptocneria reducta (Walker)

Euproctis sp aff aliena (Butler)

Euproctis xuthoptera (Turner)

Euproctis trispila (Turner )

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Euproctis lutea (Fabricius)

Euproctis lucifuga (T.P. Lucas)

Euproctis epaxia Turner

Euproctis actor Turner

Euproctis leonina (Turner)

Euproctis spp A, B

Acyphas pelodes (Lower )

Acyphas sp

ARCTIIDAE

Lithosiinae

Heterallactis stenochrysa Turner

Chrysomesia lophoptera (Turner)

Schistophleps albida (Walker)

Schistophleps obducta (T.P. Lucas)

Psilopepla mollis (T.P. Lucas)

Notata modicus (T.P. Lucas)

Philenora sp ? aff chionastis (Meyrick)

Philenora aspectalella (Walker)

Philenora sp.

Lyclene pyraula (Meyrick)

Symmetrodes sciocosma Meyrick

Asura polyspila Turner

Asura monospila Turner

Asura coccinocosma Turner

Thallarcha staurocola (Meyrick)

Thallarcha sp A aff epicela Meyrick

Thallarcha epileuca Turner

? Thallarcha spp B-D

Damias pelochroa (Hampson)

Macaduma picroptila (Hampson)

Macaduma toxophora (Turner)

Macaduma sp aff toxophora (Turner)

Macaduma sp ? aff strongyla Turner

Halone interspersa (T.P. Lucas)

Halone sejuncta (R. Felder & Rogenhofer)

Halone ebaea Hampson

? Halone spp A, B

Scaptesyle dichotoma (Meyrick)

Heliosia micra Hampson

Microstola ammoscia Lower

Ameleta aff panochra Turner

Cyana meyricki (Rothschild)

Cyana obscura (Hampson)

? Scaphidriotis spp A, B

Scahpidriotis sp C aff xylogramma Turner

Atelophleps tridesma Turner

? Atelophleps sp

Goniosema euraphota Turner

Goniosema sp.

Calamidia hirta (Walker)

Manulea replana (Lewin)

Manulea sp aff replana (Lewin)

Manulea dorsalis (Walker)

Eilema plana (Boisduval)

Eilema sp aff plana (Boisduval)

Teulisna bipunctata (Walker)

Aedoea decreta (Butler)

Oenistis altica (Linnaeus)

Ateucheta zatesima (Hampson)

Scoliacma nana (Walker)

Scoliacma fasciata (Aurivillius)

Lambula transcripta (T.P. Lucas)

Lambula pleuroptycha Turner

Lambula obliquilinea Hampson

Lambula ? phyllodes (Meyrick)

Chrysoscota tanyphara Turner

Lithosiinae spp A - C

Arctiinae

Argina astrea (Drury)

Utethesia pulchelloides Hampson

Utethesia aegrotum (Swinhoe)

Nyctimera luctuosa (Vollenhoven)

Nyctimera baulus (Boisduval)

Amerila rubripes Walker

Spilosoma curvata (Donovan)

Paralacydes maculifascia (Walker)

Creatonotus gangis (Linnaeus)

Ctenuchinae

Ceryx sphenodes (Meyrick)

Amata leucacma (Meyrick)

Amata ochrospila (Turner)

Eressa megalospilia Turner

AGANIDAE

Digama marmorea Butler

Agape chloropyga (Walker)

Asota heliconia (Linnaeus)

24

HERMINIIDAE

Pogonia micrastis (Meyrick)

Pogonia umbrifera (T.P. Lucas)

Nodaria cornicalis (Fabricius)

Polypogon fractalis (Geunée)

Squamipalpus pantoea (Turner)

Hydrillodes fenustellis (Walker)

Hydrillodes spp A - E

Simplicia caeneusalis (Walker)

Adraspa ablualis Walker

Bocana manifestalis Walker

Corethrobela melanophaes Turner

Auchmophanes platysara (Turner)

Stenhypena albopunctata (Bethune-Baker)

Herminiidae sp A

NOCTUIDAE

Rivulinae

Rivula ? curvifera (Walker)

Rivula everta Swinhoe

Rivula concinna (T.P. Lucas)

Rivula sp aff concinna (T.P. Lucas)

Rivula biagi Bethune-Baker

? Rivula sp

Hypenodinae

Trigonistis sp ? aff demonias Meyrick

Luceria sp aff oculalis (Moore)

Luceria sp A

Hypenodinae spp A - E

Hypeninae

Lysimelia lenis (T.P. Lucas)

Britha biguttata Walker

Rhynchodontodes chalcias (T. P. Lucas)

Hypena orthographa Turner

Hypena subvittalis Walker

Hypena simplex T.P. Lucas

Hypena sp aff simplex T.P. Lucas

Hypena conscitalis Walker

Hypena gonospilalis Walker

Hypena ? masuralis Geunée

Hypena laceratalis Walker

Hypena sp aff fijiensis Robinson

Hypena spp A, B

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Dichromia quinqualis Walker

Foveades sp

Mecistoptera sp

NAG "Hypena" rhyncophora (Lower)

NAG "Hypenodes" porphyritica (Meyrick)

Synolulis rhodinastis (Meyrick)

Philogethes metableta Turner

Hypertrocta brunnea (Bethune-Baker)

Prolophota pallida (Turner )

Esthlodora versicolor Turner

Esthodora variabilis (Swinhoe)

Parilyrgis concolor Bethune-Baker

Naarda sp.

Artigisa impropria (Walker)

Sandava xylistis Swinhoe

Elaphristis anthracititis (Turner)

Elaphristis psoloessa (Turner)

Elaphristis melanica (Turner)

Prionopterina grammatistis (Meyrick)

Lophotoma diagrapha Turner

Calathusa hypotherma (Lower)

Calathusa basicunea Walker

Hypeninae sp A

Catocalinae

Tamba sp aff haemacta (Turner)

Amphiongia chordophoides Lucas

Hypocala deflorata (Fabricius)

Axiocteta oenoplex Turner

Axiocteta turneri Bethune-Baker

Anomis planalis (Swinhoe)

Anomis flava Fabricius

Anomis involuta Walker

Anomis definata Lucas

Anomis combinans Walker

Anomis xanthochroa Butler

Oxyodes tricolor Geunée

Hypospila creberrima (Walker)

Dahlia capnobela (Turner)

Saroba niphomaculata (Lower)

Loxioda hampsoni (Bethune-Baker)

Gesonia obeditalis Walker

Raparna crocophara Turner

Rhesala imparata Walker

Rhesalides curvata (Lucas)

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Acantholipes trajecta Walker

Acantholipes juba Swinhoe

Meranda susialis Walker

Alapadna pauropis Turner

Parapadna placospila Turner

Tolpoides melanoproctis Hampson

Tolpiodes spp A -B

Tolpia conscitulana Walker

Tolpia spp A- E

Pseudogyrtona fulvana Bethune-Baker

Pseudogyrtona perversa Walker

Chodda ochraeovenata Bethune-Baker

Bocula odontosema Turner

Fodina sp aff ostorius (Donovan)

Polydesmiola meeki (Lucas)

Ophyx eurrhoa Lower

Pantydia sparsa Geunée

Pantydia metaspila Walker

Pantydia sp aff metaspila Walker

Pantydia spp A- C

Tathorhynchus fallax Swinhoe

Alophosoma hypoxantha (Lower)

Sympis rufibasis Geunée

Sympis sp aff rufibasis Geunée

Platyja exequialis (Lucas)

Ericeia pertendens (Walker)

Nagia linteola (Geunée)

Diatenes aglossoides Geunée

Mocis alterna (Walker)

Mocis frugalis Fabricius

Mocis trifasciata Stephens

Avatha discolor (Fabricius)

Avatha subumbra Bethune-Baker

Chalciope alcyona Druce

Trigonodes hyppasia Cramer

Grammodes ocellata Tepper

Grammodes cooma Swinhoe

Dysgonia monogona (Lower)

Dysgonia senex (Walker)

Dysgonia constricta (Butler)

Achaea janata Linnaeus

Ercheia dubia (Butler)

Ophiusa discrimans (Walker)

Ophiusa disjungens Walker

Donuca rubropicta (Butler)

25

Catocalinae spp A, B in ANIC

Plusiinae

Argyrogramma signata Fabricius

Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubleday)

Ctenoplusia albostriata Bremer & Grey

Ctenoplusia placida Moore

Thysanoplusia orichalcea Fabricius

Stictopterinae

Lophoptera hemithyris Hampson

Lophoptera vittigera Walker

Euteliinae

Pataeta carbo (Geunée)

Targalla delatrix (Geunée)

Anigraea ochrobasis Hampson

Chloephorinae

Xanthodes emboloscia (Turner)

Erias smaragdina Butler

Erias sp aff smaragdina

Aiteta iridias (Meyrick)

Maurilia iconica (Walker)

Beara falcata Holloway

Maceda mansuetta Walker

Maceda rotundimaculata Warren

Westermania gloriosa (Hampson)

Sarrothripinae

Blenina viridata Bethune-Baker

Giaura punctata (Lucas)

Nycteola symmicta (Turner)

Nycteola indica R. Felder

Nycteola exophila (Turner)

Nanaguna breviuscula Walker

Nolinae

Acatapaustus atrinota Hampson

Nola achromia Hampson

Nola platygonia Lower

Nola sp D aff cerraunias Turner

Nola sp B aff crucigera Turner

Nola sp A aff fasciata Walker

Nola ? pycnopasta (Turner)

26

Nola sp G aff eucompsa Turner

Nola sp E aff pycnographa (Turner)

Nola elaphra Turner

Nola pygmaeodes Turner

Nola diastropha Turner

Nola sp aff diastropha (Turner)

Nola aff argentea (T.P. Lucas)

Nola sp C aff sphaerospila Turner

Nola taeniata Snellen

Nola sp aff fovifera (Hampson)

Nola sp H

Nolinae spp A-C

Pisara hyalospila Hampson

Acontiinae

Acontia thapsina (Turner)

Acontia elaeoa (Hampson)

Acontia nivipicta Butler

Acontia crocata Geunée

Maliattha amorpha (Butler)

Maliattha signifera Walker

Maliattha ritsemae (Snellen)

? Eustrotia sp

Eulocastra fasciata Butler

NAG ‘Oruza’ stragulata (Pagenstecher)

NAG ‘Orusa’ cariosa (Lucas)

Hyposada hydrocampata (Geunée)

Corgatha sp aff figuralis (Walker)

Enispa niviceps Turner

Sophta concavata Walker

Sophta poecilota Turner

Sophta sp aff poecilota

Carmara subcervina Walker

Hypobleta cymaea Turner

NAG lithochroma Turner near Ozarba

Metachrostis paurograpta Butler

NAG "Eublemma" glaucochroa Turner

Trissernis prasinoscia Meyrick

Trissernis ochrochlora (Turner)

Alypophanes iridocosma Turner

Microedma extorris Warren

Eublemma vestalis (Butler)

Eublemma ragusana (Freyer)

Eublemma sp aff ragusana

Eublemma lozostropha Turner

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Eublemma rivula Moore

Eublemma cochylioides (Geunée)

Eublemma anachoresis (Walengren)

Autaba silicula Swinhoe

Autaba abrupta (Walker)

Amyna natalis Walker

Amyna punctum (Fabricius)

Amyna axis (Geunée)

Amyna sp

? Amyna sp

Acontiinae sp A

Agaristinae

Coenotoca subaspersa (Walker)

Mimeusemia centralis (Rothschild)

Amphipyrinae

Sasunaga leucorina (Hampson)

Callopistria placodoides (Geunée)

Platyprosopa nigrostrigata (Bethune-Baker)

Condica illecta Walker

Condica aroana Bethune-Baker

Condica dolorosa Walker

Spodoptera litura Fabricius

Spodoptera mauritia Boisduval

Craniophora fasciata (Moore)

Chasmina tibialis (Fabricius)

Callyna leuconota Lower

Callyna monoleuca Walker

Aedia leucomelas Linnaeus

Acrapex spp A, B

Bathytrichia truncata (Walker)

Athetis thorccica Moore

Athetis tenuis Butler

Athetis striolata (Butler)

Athetis reclusa Walker

Athetis maculatra Lower

Proteuxoa flexirena Walker

Proteuxoa hypochalcis Turner

Proteuxoa sp

Cuculliinae

Neogalea sunia (Geunée)

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Hadeninae

NAG "Dasygaster" exarans Lucas

NAG "Eurypsyche" scottii (Butler)

Mythimna reversa Moore

Mythimna formosana Butler

Mythimna sp aff formosana Butler

Leucania loreyi Duponchel

Leucania stenographa Lower

Leucania polysticha Turner

Leucania linearis Lucas

Leucania abdominalis (Walker)

Leucania diatrecta Butler

Leucania leucocosta Lower

Leucania rhodopsara Turner

Leucania porphyrodes Turner

Acknowledgments

27

Leucania sp.

Tiracola plagiata Walker

Elusa semipecten Swinhoe

Elusa ? oenolopha Walker

Elusa sp B

Noctuinae

Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel

Agrotis munda Walker

Heliothinae

Adisura dulcis Moore

Australothis rubrescens (Walker)

Helicoverpa armigera Hiibner

Helicoverpa assulta (Geunée)

We thank Andrew Graham, Bob Hewitt, Mike Hopkins, Heather Mitchell

and CSIRO, Atherton, for provision of facilities and field assistance. The

Forestry Department, Queensland and private landowners granted us

permission to collect on their land. In Canberra we received much assistance

and hospitality from Ted Edwards, Marianne Horak, Peter Cranston, Penny

Gullan and Geoff and Heather Dyne, to all of whom we are very grateful.

References

HOPKINS, M.S., GRAHAM, A.W., JENSEN, R, MAGGS, J., BAYLY, and HEWITT, R.K.

1996. Succession and disturbance in the remnant rainforest type Complex Notophyll

Rainforest on basalt (Type 5b). II. The floristics of Type 5b on the Atherton Tableland. A

report prepared for the Wet Tropics Management Authority. CRC-TREM/CSIRO, Atherton,

Queensland.

KITCHING, R.L., ORR, A.G., MITCHELL, H and THALIB, L. 1997. Moth assemblages as

indicators of forest quality. A report prepared for the Wet Tropics Management Authority.

CRC TREM/Griffith, Nathan, Queensland.

NIELSEN, E.S., EDWARDS, E.D. and RANGSI, T.V. (eds). 1995. Checklist of the

Lepidoptera of Australia. Monographs on the Australian Lepidoptera 4. CSIRO, Melbourne.

ORR, A.G. and KITCHING, R.L. In press. A faunistic analysis of Macrolepidoptera from

complex notophyll vine forest, North Queensland, Australia. Journal of Biogeography.

28 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

AN OVERLOOKED GENERIC NAME IN THE DYNASTINAE

(COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)

G. DANIELS

Department of Zoology and Entomology, Hartley Teakle Building, University of Queensland,

Brisbane, Qld, 4072

Abstract

Neatocnemis Prell, 1936 is placed as a new synonym of Neocnecus Sharp, 1878, both described

as replacement names for Neocnemis Sharp, 1875. The two Australian taxa are thus Neocnecus

punctata (Sharp, 1875), stat. rev. and Neocnecus minor (Carne, 1961), comb. nov.

Discussion

Sharp (1875) proposed a new genus and species name Neocnemis punctata

Sharp for a monotypic Australian scarabaeid beetle. Three years later, in a

six-line statement, Sharp (1878) proposed the name Neocnecus Sharp as a

replacement for Neocnemis Sharp, the latter being a junior homonym of

Neocnemis Crotch, 1867.

Sharp’s action of 1878 seems to have passed unnoticed as Prell (1936)

proposed Neatocnemis Prell as a replacement name for Neocnemis Sharp.

Interestingly though, in Derksen and Scheiding-Góllner (1968, p. 115),

Sharp’s 1875 reference is followed immediately by his 1878 reference,

although no details of the contents of either publication are given.

Neocnecus Sharp was not recorded in Neave (1940) or in subsequent

volumes. In the Zoological Catalogue of Australia dealing with the

Scarabaeidae, Cassis and Weir (1992) make no reference to Sharp’s

replacement name.

Neatocnemis thus becomes a new junior synonym of Neocnecus and

N. punctata reverts to the combination Neocnecus punctata (Sharp), stat.

rev., whilst a second Australian species, Neatocnemis minor Carne is newly

transferred to Neocnecus, as Neocnecus minor (Carne), comb. nov.

References

CASSIS G. and WEIR, T.A. 1992. Dynastinae. Pp 383-425 in Houston, W.W.K. (ed.),

Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea. Vol. 9. Australian

Government Publishing Service; Canberra.

DERKSEN, W. and SCHEIDING-GOLLNER, U. 1968. Index Litteraturae Entomologicae.

Serie II: Die Welt-Literatur über die gesamte Entomologie von 1864 bis 1900. Vol. 4. S-Z.

Deutsche Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften zu Berlin.

NEAVE, S.A. 1940. Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in

Zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. Vol. 3. M-P. Zoological

Society of London; London.

PRELL, H. 1936. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Dynastiden. Uber die Homonymieverhültnisse der

Namen von Gattungen und Untergattungen. Entomologische Bildung für der Biologie und

Systematik der Küfer 32: 145-152.

SHARP, D. 1875. Description de Coléoptéres (Lamellicornes) nouveaux de l'Australie. Revue

et Magazine de Zoologie (3) 3: 37-50.

SHARP, D. 1878. Change of nomenclature in Coleoptera. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine

15: 88.

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1): 29-31 29

ASPARAGUS: A NEW HOST RECORD FOR HELICOVERPA

ARMIGERA (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

LR. KAY and A.T. HARDY'

QDPI Bundaberg Research Station, MS 108, Ashfield Road, Bundaberg, Qld 4670

'Current address: QDPI, PO Box 102, Toowoomba, Qld 4350

Abstract

Asparagus officinalis (Liliaceae) is recorded as a potential host of Helicoverpa armigera

(Hübner) and an earlier record of this plant as a host of H. punctigera (Wallengren) is

questioned.

Introduction

Helicoverpa spp. are generally acknowledged as major pests of a wide range

of crops in Australia. Zalucki et al. (1986) collated the published host

records for both H. armigera (Hübner) and H. punctigera (Wallengren) and

reported 75 and 127 species of plants as hosts of the two species respectively.

Zalucki et al. (1994) added a further 26 species to the list for H. armigera.

Here, we add asparagus (Asparagus officinalis [Liliaceae]) to the host list for

H. armigera and question the validity of the record in Zalucki et al. (1986) of

A. officinalis as a host of H. punctigera.

Methods and Results

Trials on the agronomy of asparagus were carried out from 1988 to 1997 at

Bundaberg Research Station (24?52'S, 152°21'E) to support a small

commercial industry in southeast Queensland (J. K. Olsen, pers. comm.).

Spears were harvested from August to October. In October 1996

Helicoverpa eggs were noticed among the bracts of freshly harvested spears.

Eggs may have been laid on the asparagus in previous years but elicited no

interest in those harvesting the crop. Eggs were present on 5-10% of spears

and frequently several eggs were present on a single spear.

Spears with eggs were held until the eggs hatched. The developing larvae

were given fresh spears on which to feed every 3-4 days until pupation. All

rearing was done in a constant temperature cabinet at 25?C with a 12:12

light:dark cycle. Most of the resultant moths were dissected for identification

and several were identified on wing characters (Common 1953).

All the moths were H. armigera. The developmental rates of the larvae

reared on asparagus and of the subsequent pupae were the same as those of

larvae and pupae collected as eggs on tomatoes at the same time and reared

on a standard navy-bean based diet (Twine 1971), commonly used to rear

Helicoverpa species, although detailed records of the developmental times

were not kept. There was little mortality. The moths were of similar size and

appearance to those reared on diet and they showed no obvious defects. The

reproductive capability of the moths was not tested as most were dissected

for identification.

30 Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1)

Discussion

Asparagus officinalis can be added to the list of food plants for H. armigera

and probably to its host list. Eggs were laid on the plant and larvae

developed normally to produce apparently healthy adults. Kitching and

Zalucki (1983) warn of the dangers of assuming that the presence of eggs on

a plant is evidence that it is a food plant for the insect and suggest that a food

plant should be one on which “the species can complete its immature feeding

period and then successfully complete its pupal/adult metamorphosis.”

Asparagus satisfies this condition for H. armigera. Zalucki et al. (1986) state

that for a plant to be considered a host, the insect must be able to complete

development to the adult stage and be capable of producing fertile offspring.

While the reproductive capability of H. armigera reared on asparagus was

not determined, there was no indication, through factors such as reduced

developmental rate, reduced size or the presence of deformities, that the

moths would not have produced fertile offspring. At the very least,

asparagus is a potential host of H. armigera.

It is unlikely that H. armigera would become an important pest of

commercially grown asparagus. Spears emerge from the ground and are

harvested in one or two days so eggs would not hatch before harvest. It is

likely that many eggs would be dislodged from the spears during postharvest

washing, while the development of any remaining eggs would be slowed, or

the eggs killed, by subsequent hydrocooling of the spears, ideally to 2-3°C.

However, it is possible that larvae could develop and be present on marketed

produce. Unharvested spears develop into ferns in several weeks but it is not

known if ferns will support larval development. Larvae may move to freshly

emerged spears as fern growth proceeds and so complete development on a

succession of spears.

Zalucki et al. (1986) included asparagus as a host of H. punctigera, based on

the records in Lea (1928). However, these records should be treated with

caution. Lea (1928) nominally wrote about Heliothis obsoleta (a junior

synonym of H. armigera) but, as discussed by Common (1953), probably

was referring to H. punctigera. Lea (1928) acknowledged that much of the

information in his article was drawn from literature from the United States of

America and, as stated by Common (1953), “it is difficult to decide therefore

how much of his information applied to the local species.” The host table in

Lea (1928), which includes asparagus, does not specify if the records were

local or from the literature and asparagus is not mentioned in discussions of

observed damage to plants in the text. There is no evidence that Zalucki et

al. (1986) verified Lea’s host records before including them in their review.

Hence there must be considerable doubt about the veracity of the record of

asparagus as a host for H. punctigera.

Both H. armigera and H. punctigera were present in the Bundaberg district

when the eggs were noticed on asparagus. Eggs collected then from nearby

Australian Entomologist, 1999, 26 (1) 31

tomatoes and reared to adults on diet produced 56% H. armigera and 44%

H. punctigera (Kay, unpublished data). That only H. armigera was reared

from eggs found on asparagus indicates that asparagus was not attractive or

suitable for oviposition by H. punctigera.

Acknowledgments

We thank Rajendra Gounder and Kirrily Flor for bringing the eggs to our

attention, Jason Olsen for his advice on asparagus agronomy and two

anonymous referees for their helpful comments on the manuscript.

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THE AUSTRALIAN

Entomologist

Volume 26, Part 1, 2 July 1999

ee

CONTENTS

DANIELS, G,

An overlooked generic name in the Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera)

DREW, R.A.I., HANCOCK, D.L. and ROMIC, M.C.

New species and records of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from north

Queensland.

EASTWOOD, R.

An aberrant food-plant record for Jalmenus evagoras (Donovan) (Lepidoptera:

Lycaenidae).

ORR, A.G. and KITCHING, R.L.

A checklist of Macrolepidoptera collected from rainforest and former forest areas on

basalt soils on the Atherton Tableland. 15

KAY, I.R. and HARDY, AT.

Asparagus: a new host record for Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera:

Noctuidae).

RECENT LITERATURE i

An accumulative bibliography of Australian entomology

ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTICES Inside back cover.

ISSN 1320 6133