THE AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

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The Australian Entomologist is a non-profit journal published in four parts annually

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the Australian Region, including New Zealand, New Guinea and islands of the

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Editor: Dr D.L. Hancock

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COVER

The giant wingless carabid, Nurus rex Darlington 1961, at the entrance to its burrow

under a rainforest tree root. The species occurs only in a small cap of rainforest

on the summit of the 1000 m Mt Elliot, just south of Townsville, and was first

collected by the noted Harvard biogeographer, Philip Darlington, when he made the

first entomological ascent of the mountain in March 1958. It is the largest and most

northerly of about a dozen species in its genus, all of which are now known to live

in burrows with a cleared entrance court where they ambush passing invertebrates

at night. Pen and ink drawing by Caloundra ESQ member, Dr Albert Orr, whose

illustrated books on dragonflies and butterflies have won awards in Australia and

overseas.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1): 1-18 1

NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF DIPLOCHORDA OSTEN

SACKEN (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE: PHYTALMIINAE) FROM

THE ISLAND OF NEW GUINEA

DAVID L. HANCOCK! and DANIEL WHITMORE”

18/3 McPherson Close, Edge Hill, Cairns, Qld 4870

*Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom

Abstract

Three new species of Diplochorda Osten Sacken are described from New Guinea: D. buloloae

sp. n. and D. macalpinei sp. n. from Papua New Guinea and D. mimika sp. n. from Papua

Province, eastern Indonesia. The males of D. myrmex Osten Sacken and D. ophion Osten Sacken

are newly recorded and additional localities are noted for them, D. aneura Malloch, D.

brevicornis (Saunders), D. concisa (Walker), D. minor Malloch, D. trilineata de Meijere and D.

unistriata Malloch. Records of D. australis Permkam & Hancock from Papua New Guinea are

referred to D. buloloae, with D. australis thus confined to the Iron Range area of northern

Queensland. A key to the 12 known species of Diplochorda is included.

Introduction

The genus Diplochorda Osten Sacken, 1881 was reviewed and keyed by

Hancock (2016). As a result, it became possible to identify unsorted material

in the Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK, formerly BMNH:

specimen numbers NHMUKO10579879 to 010579889) that, together with

material in the Australian Museum, Sydney (AM) and Queensland Museum,

Brisbane (QM), has resulted in the new species and new distribution records

presented below. Twelve species of Diplochorda are now known, with the

genus confined to the main island of New Guinea and the adjacent Salawati

and Japen Islands, plus northeastern Australia.

New species

Diplochorda buloloae sp. n.

(Figs 1-6)

Type material. Holotype 9, PAPUA NEW GUINEA (MOROBE PROVINCE):

‘under Musa leaf, Stony Logging Area, near Bulolo, PNG, 2.viii.1979, H. Roberts’ /

‘1122’ (in AM: K493858). Paratype 3, same data as holotype except ‘1122/E’ (in

AM: K493857).

Description. Female (Figs 1-2). Length (excluding oviscape) 6.9 mm; wing

6.4 mm. Head about as high as long and largely fulvous; | frontal, 2 weak

orbitals, the upper weaker, 1 strong vertical and a row of thin black

postocular setae. Frons (Fig. 3) very broad, with a pair of black submedial

oval and anterolateral rounded markings connected anteriorly and black areas

surrounding the orbital setae connected to occipital black area posteriorly.

Face (Fig. 3) distinctly concave, fulvous with a black medial band equidistant

from antennal bases and epistome. Antenna fulvous, about half length of

face, with third segment apically rounded and about 2.5 times length of

second segment; arista plumose. Gena weakly expanded and eye margin

slightly constricted. Occiput black except narrowly yellow along eye margin.

2 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Fig. 1. Diplochorda buloloae sp. n., holotype female, lateral view. Photo by Geoff

Thompson © Queensland Museum, Brisbane.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 3

Figs 2-4. Diplochorda buloloae sp. n: (2) holotype female, dorsal view; (3) holotype

female, face and frons; (4) paratype male, face and frons. Photos by Geoff Thompson

4 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Thorax (Figs 1-2) with scutum black with yellow areas as follows: posterior

two-fifths of postpronotal lobe; notopleural lobe; an indistinct medial spot

just anterior to line of suture; a pair of posterolateral vittae broadly separated

by black medial area, reaching about half way to suture anteriorly and

directed laterally posteriorly; upper half of anatergite (remainder black);

katatergite; a narrow band connecting postpronotal lobe and notopleural

callus, continuing as a narrow stripe across posterodorsal corner of

anepisternum and vertically over anepimeron and onto sternopleuron as a

narrow spot. Remainder of pleura and sternum black. Scutellum blackish

brown, with 1 pair of apical setae. Mediotergite black with yellow

anterolateral spots. Haltere dark fulvous.

Legs (Fig. 1) largely blackish-brown; fore femur fulvous over basal quarter;

mid femur fulvous over basal sixth; hind femur red-brown, fulvous over basal

fifth; mid and hind tarsi with first segment fulvous on inner surface, fuscous

on outer surface; mid tibia with | long and 2 short apical spines.

Wing (Fig. 5) hyaline with a brown costal band reaching but not crossing

vein R,,; and a faint infuscation in cell cu; that does not form a distinct dark

band along vein Cu;; cell bcu apically acute but not extended into a lobe;

venation typical of genus, with vein M strongly arcuate and cell dm hatchet-

shaped.

Abdomen (Fig. 2) narrowly petiolate; tergites I+II large, black with a narrow

yellow medial band separated from hind margin by about twice its own

length; tergites II-VI black except tergite V weakly fulvous along posterior

margin and tergite VI broadly fulvous posteromedially. Oviscape (Fig. 1)

red-brown, narrowing and tubular posteriorly, about as long as tergites IV-VI.

Male. Similar to female except: head with genal processes broad and well

developed (Fig. 4); scutum with yellow anterior spot larger and expanded

laterally by fulvous areas (due to tenerality?); scutum with yellow

posterolateral vittae slightly larger; costa strongly arched (Fig. 6);

mediotergite broadly fulvous medially in addition to anterolateral yellow

spots; abdomen shrivelled and characters not discernible.

Etymology. Named after the township of Bulolo, close to the type locality.

Distribution. Known only from Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.

Comments. The male abdomen is damaged and shrivelled; hence the female,

which is in good condition, is selected as the holotype. This species closely

resembles D. australis Permkam & Hancock from NE Queensland and D.

brevicornis (Saunders) from West Papua Province, Indonesia and previous

records of the former from Papua New Guinea (Permkam and Hancock 1995,

Hancock 2016) are misidentifications of D. buloloae. It differs from D.

australis in the reduced yellow areas on the scutum and from both species in

the lack of a distinct brown band in wing cell cu, along vein Cuj.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 5

6 p 1mm

Figs 5-6. Diplochorda buloloae sp. n., wings: (5) holotype female; (6) paratype male.

Photos by Geoff Thompson © Queensland Museum, Brisbane.

Diplochorda macalpinei sp. n.

(Figs 7-10)

Type material. Holotype 6, PAPUA NEW GUINEA (EAST SEPIK PROVINCE):

‘Imbia, near Maprik, TPNG, 18.x1i.1963, D.K. McAlpine’ / ‘Diplochorda sp. B wing’

(in AM: K493829).

Description. Male (Figs 7-8). Length 8.8 mm; wing 7.1 mm. Head higher

than long and largely fulvous; 1 frontal, 2 weak orbitals, the upper weaker, 1

strong vertical and a row of thin black postocular setae. Frons (Fig. 9) broad

with a pair of isolated, blackish brown crescent-shaped markings medially

that are well separated from anterior margin and faintly reach eye margin

over orbital setae. Face (Fig. 9) fulvous and distinctly concave, with

epistomal margin slightly darker and a pair of oblique blackish brown spots

laterally. Antenna dark fulvous, about half length of face, with third segment

apically rounded and about 2.5 times length of second segment; arista

plumose. Gena weakly expanded as a narrow ridge and with a black stripe

from lower, slightly constricted eye margin to epistome; seta present. Occiput

dark fulvous, paler along eye margin around postocular setae.

Thorax (Figs 7-8) with scutum orange-brown with broad lateral and narrow

medial black vittae, the medial vitta broadly interrupted anterior to line of

suture and broadening towards posterior margin. Yellow areas are as follows:

6 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Á À

Fig. 7. Diplochorda macalpinei sp. n., holotype male, lateral view. Photo by Geoff

Thompson © Queensland Museum, Brisbane.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 7

Figs 8-10. Diplochorda macalpinei sp. n., holotype male: (8) dorsal view; (9) face and

frons; (10) wing. Photos by Geoff Thompson © Queensland Museum, Brisbane.

posterior half of postpronotal lobe (anterior half dark brown); notopleural

lobe; a narrow band connecting postpronotal lobe and notopleural lobe,

continuing as a narrow stripe across dorso-posterior corner of anepisternum

and vertically over anepimeron and onto sternopleuron as a narrow spot;

anatergite and katatergite; posterolaterally on scutum. Remainder of pleura

and sternum black. Single black setae on notopleural lobe and anepisternum.

Scutellum dark brown, with 1 pair of apical setae. Postscutellum and

mediotergite black with a broad fulvous medial stripe. Haltere dark fulvous.

Legs (Fig. 7) mostly pale fulvous; fore and mid femora darker fulvous

medially, hind femur brown over medial three-fifths, fulvous over basal and

apical fifths; tibiae and tarsi fulvous to dark fulvous; mid tibia with 1 long

and 2 short apical spines.

8 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Wing (Fig. 10) with brown costal band reaching vein Ry,; and expanding

broadly across apex to include all except anterobasal corner of cell r445,

posteroapical corner of cell br, apical part of cell dm except along vein Cu,

and cell m almost to apex of vein Cu, but not extending into cell cu,, leaving

that cell almost entirely hyaline except for a narrow brown band at base that

connects with the costal band over BM-Cu crossvein; apical margin of brown

apical area subhyaline. Costal cells brown. R-M crossvein separated from

DM-Cu crossvein by less than twice its own length. Cell bcu apically acute

but not extended into a lobe. Costa weakly arched; vein M with a short spur

vein extending into cell dm basal to R-M crossvein.

Abdomen (Figs 7-8) broadly petiolate; tergites I+II large and distinctly longer

that terga IH-V combined, black with a small medial yellow spot divided by a

black vitta and a narrow medial yellow stripe on lateral margin (Fig. 7);

tergites II-V black except tergite V weakly fulvous posteromedially.

Genitalia fulvous; not dissected.

Female unknown.

Etymology. Named after Dr David McAlpine (Australian Museum, Sydney),

who collected the only known specimen and has made major contributions to

the study of Australasian Diptera.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality in East Sepik Province.

Comments. The wing pattern of D. macalpinei most resembles that of D.

mimika sp. n. but, despite its very different wing pattern, it appears to be most

closely related to D. ophion Osten Sacken, particularly in the orange-brown

scutum with a narrow black medial vitta, mostly yellow face and legs and

broadly petiolate abdomen. In D. mimika the scutal vittae are broader, the

face black, the legs largely fuscous and the abdomen narrowly petiolate.

Diplochorda mimika sp. n.

(Figs 11-16)

Type material. Holotype 9, INDONESIA (PAPUA PROVINCE): ‘Dutch New

Guinea: Mimika River, vii.1910, A.F.R. Wollaston, 1911-229’ / ‘Diplochorda ? new

sp., D.K. McAlpine det.’ (in NHMUK: NHMUKO010579879).

Description. Female (Figs 11-16). Length (excluding oviscape) 8.8 mm; wing

7.3 mm. Head (Figs 13-15) higher than long and largely fulvous; 1 frontal, 2

weak orbitals, the upper weaker, | strong vertical and a row of thin black

postocular setae. Frons broad with a pair of black, crescent-shaped

longitudinal markings. Face black and distinctly concave. Antenna brown,

about half length of face, with third segment apically rounded and about 2.5

times length of second segment; [arista abraded]. Gena weakly expanded and

with a black stripe from lower, slightly constricted eye margin to epistome;

seta present. Lower occiput fuscous; upper occiput narrowly black behind

ocellar triangle almost to eye margin.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 9

Figs 11-14. Diplochorda mimika sp. n., holotype female: (11) lateral view; (12) dorsal

view; (13) head, dorsal view; (14) head, frontal view. Photos © Natural History

Museum, London.

10 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Figs 15-16. Diplochorda mimika sp. n., holotype female: (15) lateral view of head and

thorax; (16) wing. Photos © Natural History Museum, London.

Thorax (Figs 12, 15) with scutum red-brown with three broad medial and

lateral black vittae, the lateral pair not reaching hind margin, the medial

narrowing posteriorly and interrupted anterior to suture. Yellow areas as

follows: posterior half of postpronotal lobe (remainder brown); notopleural

lobe; posterior two-fifths of scutum except for medial vitta; anatergite and

katatergite; a narrow band connecting postpronotal lobe and notopleural lobe,

continuing as a narrow band across dorso-posterior corner of anepisternum

and vertically over anepimeron and onto sternopleuron as a narrow spot.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 11

Remainder of pleura and sternum black. Scutellum blackish brown, with 1

pair of apical setae. Postscutellum and mediotergite black with a broad

fulvous medial stripe. Haltere dark fulvous.

Legs with coxae black, fore femur dark fulvous to red-brown, palest in apical

half; mid femur red-brown, fulvous over basal third; hind femur dark red-

brown, paler apically and fulvous over basal fifth; tibiae and tarsi dark red-

brown; mid tibia with 1 long and 2 short apical spines.

Wing (Fig. 16) with brown costal band expanding broadly across R-M

crossvein and apex of cell dm into cell m almost to apex of vein Cu, but not

extending into cell cu;, leaving that cell almost entirely hyaline except for a

narrow brown band at base that connects with the costal band over BM-Cu

crossvein. Costal cells subhyaline. R-M crossvein separated from DM-Cu

crossvein by about twice its own length. Cell bcu apically acute but not

extended into a lobe.

Abdomen (Fig. 12) broadly petiolate; tergites I+II large, with yellow medial

band as broad as basal black band and separated from hind margin by about

its own length; tergites II-VI black except tergite V weakly fulvous

posteromedially and tergite VI broadly fulvous. Oviscape (Fig. 11) fulvous,

narrowing and tubular posteriorly, about as long as tergites III-V; length 1.7

mm.

Male unknown.

Etymology. Named after the type locality, Mimika River.

Distribution. Known only from SW Papua Province, Indonesia.

Comments. Diplochorda mimika sp. n. most closely resembles D. trilineata

de Meijere and its allies (couplets 9-11 in the following key), particularly in

the thoracic, leg and abdominal markings; it differs in the more extensive

wing pattern and black face. The hyaline wing cell cu; is shared with D.

unistriata Malloch but that species additionally has the medial scutal vitta not

or at most indistinctly interrupted near the suture and a broader yellow band

on abdominal tergites I+II. It differs from D. macalpinei, which also has an

extensive wing pattern and hyaline cell cu,, in characters noted under that

species. A relationship with the trilineata series suggests that males will have

the genal processes represented by low ridges although a relationship with D.

myrmex, which also has an extensive wing pattern, cannot be ruled out.

New locality records

Diplochorda aneura Malloch, 1939

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Wutung, West Sepik Province, 12.x1.1985, J.W.

Ismay (1 teneral ĝ, in AM); Stephansport, Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province,

1894, Kunzmann (3 3, 2 99, in NHMUK). Described from Wewak, East

Sepik Province.

12 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Diplochorda brevicornis (Saunders, 1861)

INDONESIA: Fak Fak, [Onin Peninsula], West Papua Province, A.E Pratt

per Janson (1 ĝ, in NHMUK). Described from Manokwari (= Dorey), West

Papua Province.

Diplochorda concisa (Walker, 1861)

INDONESIA: Fak Fak, [Onin Peninsula], West Papua Province, A.E. Pratt

per Janson (1 ĝ, in NHMUK). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Aroana Estate, Aroa

R., Central Province, 29-30.xi.1963, D.K. McAlpine (1 ĝ, 1 9, in AM); Buri

& Savipi nr Sasambata and Ongaho, all Popondetta subdistrict, Northern

Province, 28.x.-1.xi.1963, D.K. McAlpine (2 3, 3 99, in AM); Ilimo nr

Kokoda, Northern Province, 31.x.1963, D.K. McAlpine (1 9, in AM); Lae,

Morobe Province, 6-7.ii.1967, G.B. Monteith (1 £, in QM). Hardy and Foote

(1989) treated D. concisa and D. turgida (Walker, 1865) as separate species,

regarding ‘D. concisa? of Malloch (1939) (1 Ọ det concisa from Mt

Lamington examined, in AM) as a misidentification of D. turgida. Re-

examination of their lectotypes (concisa 9 [NHMUK010579890] and turgida

3S [NHMUK0O10579891], in NHMUK) and a paralectotype ĝ of D. turgida

(in QM), plus the occurrence of both taxa at Manokwari in West Papua

Province, supports their synonymy. Described from Manokwari (concisa:

labelled ‘Dor. 68.4’) and Salawati Island (turgida: labelled ‘S. 68.4’) and

recorded from Ramoi (near Sorong) by Osten Sacken (1881), all in West

Papua Province. A further synonym, D. longistigma (Perkins, 1939), was

described from a female from Kokoda, Northern Province, Papua New

Guinea.

Diplochorda minor Malloch, 1939

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Gabensis, ca 20 mi SE [recte W] of Lae, Morobe

Province, ca 100 m, 30.vi.1970, P.H. Colman (1 9, in AM); Stony Logging

Area, nr Bulolo, Morobe Province, 28.11.1979, herb layer lowland rainforest,

H. Roberts, det. D.E. Hardy (1 4, in AM); Musgrave R. nr Port Moresby,

Central Province, 950 m, 8.x.1963, D.K. McAlpine (1 9, in AM). Described

from Bulolo, Morobe Province.

Diplochorda myrmex Osten Sacken, 1881

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Aroana Estate, Aroa R., Central Province,

29.xi.1963 & 6.xii.1963, D.K. McAlpine (1 3, 1 9, in AM); 5 km NW of

Brown River bridge, Central Province, forest, 6.ix.1984, J.W. Ismay (1 ĝ, in

AM). The newly recorded males have broad genal processes and a strongly

arched costa. The Brown River bridge female recorded by Hancock (2016)

Gn NHMUK) is illustrated in Figs 17-18 but the abdomen is distinctly

broader in other specimens. Described from Binaturi River (= Katau),

Western Province.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 13

Figs 17-18. Diplochorda myrmex Osten Sacken, female from 5 km NW Brown River

bridge: (17) dorsal view; (18) wing. Photos © Natural History Museum, London.

Diplochorda ophion Osten Sacken, 1881

INDONESIA: Fak Fak, [Onin Peninsula], West Papua Province, A.E. Pratt

per Janson (1 ĝ, in NHMUK). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Bubia, nr Lae,

14 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Morobe Province, 27.xii.1963, D.K. McAlpine (1 3, in AM); 5 km S of

Sirinumu Dam, Central Province, 800 m, forest, 15.vi.1986, J.W. Ismay (1 ĝ,

in AM). The newly recorded males have the genal processes represented by

low ridges. The abdomen is distinctly yellow medially in the holotype and

heavily infuscated in the Papua New Guinea specimens (with only a yellow

tint evident) but the Fak Fak specimen (Figs 19-20) is intermediate,

suggesting that all are conspecific. This species, described by Osten Sacken

(1881) from Hatam, near Manokwari in West Papua Province, had not been

illustrated previously. It is newly recorded from Papua New Guinea.

Figs 19-20. Diplochorda ophion Osten Sacken, male from Fak Fak: (19) dorsal view;

(20) wing. Photos © Natural History Museum, London.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 15

Diplochorda trilineata de Meijere, 1915

INDONESIA: Sewau Res., Serui, [Japen Island], Papua Province,

12.ii1.1958, R.T. Simon Thomas (1 teneral ĝ, in AM). PAPUA NEW

GUINEA: Aitape, West Sepik Province, F.H. Taylor (1 9, in AM); Bainyik,

Imbia & Kumuinibur, near Maprik, East Sepik Province, 17-22.x11.1963, D.K.

McAlpine (3 do, 2 99, in AM); Stephansport, Astrolabe Bay, Madang

Province, 1894, Kunzmann (1 2, in NHMUK). Specimens from Wewak and

Maprik recorded as ‘D. myrmex’ by Malloch (1939) (3 33, in AM) are

confirmed as misidentifications of D. trilineata. Described from Jayapura

district, NE Papua Province and recorded from Madang by Hancock and

Drew (2003).

Diplochorda unistriata Malloch, 1939

PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Upper Manki Logging Area, nr Bulolo, Morobe

Province, 5000'", xi1.1972-i11.1973, F.R. Wylie & P. Shanahan, sticky trap (13

So, 13 99, in AM); Stony Logging Area, near Bulolo, Morobe Province,

20.vi.1979, under Musa leaf, H. Roberts (1 3’, 1 2, in AM). Described from

Mondo, Central Province and recorded from Arau nr Kainauto, Eastern

Highlands Province by Hancock and Drew (2003).

Revised key to Diplochorda species

1 Wing with apex of costal band extending broadly across R-M crossvein

and apex of cell dm and into cell m almost to vein Cuj .........cceeeseeeeeees 2

— Wing with apex of costal band not extending broadly across apex of cell

dm into cell m almost to vein Cuj oo... ceececccsesesccecesesccceseceseeeesceseeeaees 4

2 Wing with hyaline discal area hatchet-shaped, subquadrate in centre of

wing, extending along its length anteriorly across vein R4+5 to vein R343;

cell cu, almost entirely brown; male with broad genal processes [Papua

New Guinea (Western and Central Provinces); Nesadrama_ petiolata

Hardy, 1974 is a synonym] .............::cee D. myrmex Osten Sacken, 1881

— Wing with hyaline discal area elongate; cell cu, hyaline except extreme

base; male unknown or with genal processes represented by low ridges

3 Face yellow with a pair of oblique black spots; wing cell 14,5 with a

hyaline indentation anterobasally; legs largely fulvous [Papua New

Guinea (East Sepik Province)] ......... ce eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees D. macalpinei sp. n.

— Face entirely black; wing cell r4,; entirely brown; legs largely fuscous

[eastern Indonesia (SW Papua Province)] ............::.eeeeeee D. mimika sp. n.

4 Thorax with scutum anterior to suture largely or entirely black, without

distinct longitudinal yellow vittae; male with broad genal processes ....... 5

— Thorax with scutum anterior to suture yellow with 3 longitudinal black

vittae; male with genal processes represented by low ridges ................4. 8

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Wing with costal band crossing R-M crossvein and filling most of cell r4,5

[northern Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, East Sepik and Madang

Provinces); wing and head illustrated by Malloch (1939)] ..... eee

Aie Vee PREA Eeter EEIT AERE AENEAN Ee D. aneura Malloch, 1939

Wing with costal band not crossing R-M crossvein and filling none or

only part, faintly, of cell r445 ses cceveeetesossepssslabiaeeet theatvey pyrndlapdeeeticesssedenesneabig 6

Scutum posterior to suture largely yellow with a medial longitudinal

black vitta [Australia (Iron Range, northern Qld); records from Papua

New Guinea are misidentifications; illustrated by Permkam and Hancock

(TOJINI Tarrio era eA D. australis Permkam & Hancock, 1995

Scutum posterior to suture largely black with only narrow posterolateral

yelow patche S here neee eek t Earn TARESTE PA EEEN 7

Wing vein Cu, infuscated and cell cu; with a brown band in anterior half

[eastern Indonesia (West Papua Province); illustrated by Saunders (1861:

male only)] ac cisccsesvrsonnksddeavewtierecerretvebaddaen D. brevicornis (Saunders, 1861)

Wing vein Cu, not infuscated and cell cu, with at most a very faint

infuscation in anterior half [Papua New Guinea (Morobe Province)] .......

EEFE Ene TAATELE EE ATTE SCE IAEE RATTAT, D. buloloae sp. n.

Legs yellow with faint vestiges of a brownish ring on femora; abdomen

medially broadly yellow with a varying density of infuscation and yellow

band on tergite 1+2 large and reaching or almost reaching hind margin of

segment; wing cell cu, mostly brown [eastern Indonesia (West Papua

Province) and Papua New Guinea (Central and Morobe Provinces)] .......

ON ARETES Ly IAEE ed isatlesa Mees T: OTA N D. ophion Osten Sacken, 1881

Legs with mid and hind femora broadly brown to black medially;

abdomen mostly brown to black, often paler posteriorly and with yellow

band on tergite 1+2 normally small and separated from hind margin by

more than half its length, if larger then wing cell cu; hyaline .................. 9

Wing cell cu, hyaline; face yellow; abdomen with yellow band on tergite

1+2 large, separated from hind margin by less than half its length [Papua

New Guinea (Central, Morobe and Eastern Highlands Provinces above

1824010 TION IEEE AEE EE D. unistriata Malloch, 1939

Wing cell cu; brown at least anteriorly; face with a pair of black spots or

band near epistome; abdomen with yellow band on tergite 1+2 small,

separated from hind margin by about its own length or more ................ 10

10 Wing with costal band crossing R-M crossvein and filling all or most of

cell r4,5 [eastern Indonesia (northern Papua Province) and northern Papua

New Guinea (West Sepik, East Sepik and Madang Provinces); ‘D.

myrmex’ of Malloch (1939) is a misidentification; wings illustrated by

Malloch (1959) saacisssunceseersamaaatyedveqceanahtane D. trilineata de Meijere, 1915

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 17

— Wing with costal band not crossing R-M crossvein and filling none or

only part, faintly, Of Cell r445 oo... eee ceseeceeeseeeeceeeeeeeecesneeeceesseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 11

Wing with costal band not crossing vein R445 into cell r4,5 or at most very

faintly; brown band along vein Cu, in cell cu, not extending into cell dm

in female and only very weakly so in male; dark band on lower part of

face in male narrow and not reaching epistome [Papua New Guinea

(Central and Morobe Provinces); wing illustrated by Malloch (1939)]

TEIA SOR PEENTE EAA E PAA AS E ATTI TTN D. minor Malloch, 1939

— Wing with costal band usually crossing vein R4,s into apical half to two-

thirds of cell 14,5 in its anterior half and often extending weakly as a

narrow patch almost to apex of vein M; brown band along vein Cu, in cell

cu, extending narrowly into cell dm in female and broadly in male; dark

band on lower part of face in male broad and reaching epistome [eastern

Indonesia (West Papua Province) and Papua New Guinea (Central,

Northern and Morobe Provinces); Dacus turgidus Walker, 1865 and

Nesadrama longistigma Perkins, 1939 are regarded as synonyms; male

illustrated by Saunders (1861, as ‘Elaphomyia brevicornis female’, a

misidentification) and female wing illustrated by Perkins (1939, as ‘N.

longistigma ) | eceecsestcgeven nits dondbeeeernedbenrrecccediocgoes D. concisa (Walker, 1861)

Discussion

The twelve known species fall into two groups: the brevicornis group of five

species has the male genal processes broad and well developed, while the

concisa group of seven species [provisionally including D. mimika] has these

processes reduced to a narrow ridge (apomorphy’?). Broad genal processes are

also present in the related genus Ortaloptera Edwards and are thus

considered to be the plesiomorphic state within Diplochorda.

Within the brevicornis group, D. myrmex stands apart in having a shortened

cell dm and extensively dark wing yet retains the typical scutal pattern of

broad black lateral and medial vittae, the medial interrupted near the suture.

In the remaining species the scutum is extensively black, especially in the

anterior portion. The dark costal band is broad in D. aneura and narrow in D.

brevicornis, D. buloloae and D. australis, these latter three species apparently

forming a related trio. All five species are allopatric.

Within the concisa group two species stand apart: D. macalpinei and D.

ophion have distinctly paler legs and scutum, the black medial vitta of the

scutum being narrow instead of the typically broad vitta of the remaining

species. Although D. mimika has a wing pattern similar to that of D.

macalpinei other characters, particularly the scutal markings and more

distinctly petiolate abdomen, suggest a closer relationship with the remaining

species, which appear to form a close-knit group: D. trilineata is separated by

its broad costal band; D. unistriata has a hyaline cell cu,; D. minor and D.

concisa are only weakly differentiated and possibly conspecific.

18 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Distributions are imperfectly known for most species but some inferences can

be made. Two species, D. concisa and D. ophion, are known from both West

Papua Province and SE Papua New Guinea but their distributions are likely

to be widespread rather than disjunct, the intermediate areas being poorly

collected. Three species, D. aneura, D. trilineata and D. macalpinei, are

known only from lowland forests north of the Central Range, covering the

northern part of Indonesian Papua Province (including Japen Island) and the

Papua New Guinean Provinces of West Sepik, East Sepik and Madang; no

other species have been recorded from this area.

The remaining species have more restricted distributions in the western,

southern and eastern parts of mainland New Guinea or (D. australis) the Iron

Range area of Cape York Peninsula, Australia. The related D. brevicornis

and D. buloloae are known only from West Papua and Morobe Provinces,

respectively; D. mimika is known only from SW Papua Province and D.

myrmex only from southern Papua New Guinea; D. unistriata is known only

from highland areas in Central, Eastern Highlands and Morobe Provinces; D.

minor is known only from Central and Morobe Provinces.

Acknowledgements

We thank Geoff Thompson (QM) for Figs 1-10, Dan Bickel (AM) and

Christine Lambkin (QM) for facilitating the loan of the AM material and

Geoff Monteith and two referees for their valuable input and comments.

References

HANCOCK, D.L. 2016. A review and keys to genera and some species of the fruit fly tribes

Phytalmiini, Phascini and Epacrocerini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Phytalmiinae). Australian

Entomologist 43(1): 17-30.

HANCOCK, D.L. and DREW, R.A.I. 2003. New species and records of Phytalmiinae (Diptera:

Tephritidae) from Australia and the south Pacific. Australian Entomologist 30(2): 65-78.

HARDY, D.E. and FOOTE, R.H. 1989. Family Tephritidae. Pp 502-531, in: Evenhuis, N.L.

(ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Bishop Museum Press,

Honolulu & E.J. Brill, Leiden; 1155 pp.

MALLOCH, J.R. 1939. The Diptera of the Territory of New Guinea. IX. Family Phytalmiidae.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 44: 169-180.

OSTEN SACKEN, C.R. 1881. Enumeration of the Diptera of the Malay Archipelago collected

by Prof. Odoardo Beccari, Mr L.M. D’Albertis and others. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia

Naturale di Genova (1880-1881) 16: 393-492.

PERKINS, F.A. 1939. Studies in Oriental and Australian Trypetidae. Part 3: Adraminae and

Dacinae from New Guinea, Celebes, Aru Is., and Pacific Islands. University of Queensland

Papers, Department of Biology 1(10): 1-35, 1 pl.

PERMKAM, S. and HANCOCK, D.L. 1995. Australian Trypetinae (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Invertebrate Taxonomy 9: 1047-1209.

SAUNDERS, W.W. 1861. On Elaphomyia, a genus of remarkable insects of the Order Diptera.

Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (N.S.) 5: 413-417.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1): 19-24 19

NEW DISTRIBUTION AND FOODPLANT OBSERVATIONS FOR

BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA) IN NEW SOUTH WALES

E. PETRIE! and A.S. MOORE”

'6/347A Livingstone Road, Marrickville, NSW 2204

379 Lake Innes Drive, Wauchope NSW 2446

Abstract

New distribution records are provided for 14 species of butterflies from the western slopes,

plains and coast of New South Wales. In addition, host plant records are provided for several

species and Hypochrysops cyane (Waterhouse & Lyell) is newly recorded from Cupaniopsis

anacardiodes (Sapindaceae).

Observations

HESPERITDAE

Herimosa albovenata weemala (L.E. Couchman, 1954) (Figs 1-8)

The authors recently extended the range of this subspecies from Gunnedah

south-west to 5 km west of Dubbo (Moore and Petrie 2014). Subsequent

collecting in 2014 and 2015 has extended this further east to 17 km north-

west of Mudgee (-32.2543, 149.5343) at 485 m.

Adults of both sexes were active from 0900 to 1600 hrs on sunny days in

early to mid-September, typically on bare patches of ground in semi-cleared

box woodland and fully open cleared paddocks. They favoured a highly

disturbed roadside area, where significant soil disturbance by bulldozers had

created bare areas of shale and soil interspersed with grasses. Adults of both

sexes occupied these small areas and defended them from other individuals.

Adults flew as early as 0900 hrs, with the air temperature at only 8°C, by

sunning themselves on warm areas of bare earth.

The species was not evident in these localities on another visit in mid-

October, where individuals of Taractrocera papyria (Boisduval, 1832) and

Toxidia parvulus (Pl6tz, 1884) occupied the same lekking areas. There is an

abundance of Austrostipa glabra (Poaceae) at this locality and, on 11

September 2016, a pupa was found in a shelter on Austrostipa (Fig. 9). A

male emerged on 16 September 2016, confirming the host plant at this

location.

Toxidia parvulus (Plötz, 1884)

An adult male was collected on 11 October 2014 in mixed open box

woodland and Callitris pine forest, 24 km east of Mudgee (-32.7266,

149.7548) at 560 m.

A second adult male was collected on 12 October 2014, 17 km north-west of

Mudgee (-32.2543, 149.5343) at 485 m. These are the first records of Toxidia

parvulus from west of the Great Dividing Range (Dunn and Dunn 1991).

20 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Figs 1-8. Herimosa albovenata weemala (Couchman, 1954) from 17 km NW of

Mudgee, NSW, September 2015: (1, 3) upperside and (2, 4) underside of two females;

(5, 7} upperside and (6, 8) underside of two males. Scale line on Fig. 8 equals 10 mm

and applies to all. Specimens in EP collection.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 21

Fig. 9. Pupa of Herimosa albovenata weemala on an Austrostipa plant from 17 km

NW of Mudgee, NSW, in September 2016.

Trapezites lutea (Tepper, 1882)

A final instar larva was collected in mid-September from a small-leafed blue

Lomandra sp. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), in ironbark woodland 1 km north-east of

Dubbo (-32.2258, 148.6601) at 323 m. It was reared in Sydney on this plant

and a female emerged on 15 October 2014. Pupal duration in October at

Sydney was 21 days.

An adult male was collected on 5 October 2008, 50 km south-east of Mudgee

(-32.9307, 149.8524), in open paddock grassland at 600 m with three

associated Lomandra spp present.

A second adult male was collected on 11 October 2014 in mixed open box

woodland and Callitris pine forest, 24 km east of Mudgee (-32.7266,

149.7548) at 560 m, flying in association with Toxidia parvulus and

Taractrocera papyria.

A third adult male was collected on 11 September 2013, east of Gunnedah

near the turnoff to Lake Keepit (-30.9574, 150.5297) at 313 m.

These distribution records confirm that this species is widespread in the

central west of New South Wales.

22 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Hesperilla idothea (Miskin, 1889)

A female emerged on 28 October 2014 from a pupa collected on 25 October

2014 on Gahnia melanocarpa (Cyperaceae), at Hungry Head near Urunga

(-30.5214, 153.0274). This is an unusual north-coastal location for this

species.

Hesperilla donnysa donnysa (Hewitson, 1868)

Several early instar larvae were collected on 12 October 2014 from Gahnia

radula (Cyperaceae), near Minore Road west of Dubbo (-32.2544, 148.5301)

at 302 m. One larva survived to pupate on 20 February 2015 and a female

emerged on 9 March 2015. Braby (2000) listed the western extent of this

species as Cowra; therefore this is an additional western record for this

species. A male was collected on 16 March 2013 flying around Gahnia sp.

near Maria River Road, Riverside (north of Port Macquarie: -31.3823,

152.8664), thus confirming older records of this species at this location

(Dunn and Dunn 1991).

Hesperilla hopsoni (Waterhouse, 1927)

This species was commonly found as adults (emerging 9-19 December 2012)

and, prior to that, as immature stages (4-5 December 2012) on Gahnia

siberiana (Cyperaceae), near Grass Tree Picnic area in Werrikimbe National

Park (-31.1503, 152.3581). This record provides a further intermediate

location between populations at Ebor and Barrington Tops.

LYCAENIDAE

Deudorix diovis (Hewitson, 1863)

Braby (2000) recorded this species as reaching Gosford with two odd records

farther south. Over the past two years Deudorix diovis has been sighted

regularly and captured in the Sydney suburbs of Chatswood and Marrickville.

Adults appear from November to April with a peak flight period in late

March.

At Marrickville the butterfly is now breeding on Harpullia pendula and

Cupaniopsis anacardioides (both Sapindaceae), which are common footpath

verge trees in this Sydney suburb. At both localities adult males and females

fly around favoured trees of both species, in association with Erysichton

lineata (Murray, 1874) and Prosotas felderi (Murray, 1874).

Pupae can be found at the bases of trees provided plenty of leaf mulch is

present and it is these trees that adults frequent. The species appears not as

abundant in Sydney as in localities such as Coolum Beach on the Sunshine

Coast where, at times, up to 50 pupae can be found in leaf litter at the base of

individual host trees and adults are abundant around these trees. EP has lived

and collected in Sydney since 1970 and D. diovis did not occur until the

proliferation of suitable host plants in suburban street lines in the last decade.

The butterfly now appears to be permanently established in Sydney.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 23

Hypocrysops cyane (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)

Cupaniopsis anacardiodes (Sapindaceae) is recorded as a new larval host

plant for this species at Nelson Bay, New South Wales. Adults were collected

as larvae on 17 January 2001 and reared to adults in Sydney. Pupal duration

in February was 14-18 days.

Ogyris amaryllis amaryllis (Hewitson, 1862)

Specimens were collected and reared from pupae 6 km west of Mudgee

(-32.7266, 149.7548) at 495 m in October and November 2014.

These specimens are highly variable in the colour and extent of the blue

central areas. Some are identical with coastal specimens from Port Stephens

and Pokolbin, while others have the blue areas reduced and approach Ogyris

amaryllis amata (Waterhouse, 1934) from Tuggeranong, ACT in appearance.

Philiris innotatus innotatus (Miskin, 1874).

On 27 February 2015, around the carpark at Hungry Head near Urunga

(-30.5213, 153.0274), many mature larvae and pupae were found on small

sandpaper figs (Ficus sp: Moraceae) and adults emerged between 8 and13

March 2015. Additionally, on 14 April 2016, several male and female adults

were found at the Orara River rest area near Ramornie (-29.6517, 152.7994),

confirming a 1966 record by Peters (1969). Further, on 16 April 2015 a

solitary, worn adult female was collected on the North Shore of Port

Macquarie (-31.3885, 152.9206), confirming the previous southern record for

this species of two male specimens collected in 1935 by T.R. Raine and M.F.

Day (Peters 1969).

Candalides absimilis absimilis (C.Felder 1862).

A single male was recorded from a hilltop west of Gunnedah (11 February

2011: -30.9733, 150.1454). Braby (2009) suggested that ‘C. absimilis

absimilis ... 1s otherwise known only from the coastal areas east of the Great

Escarpment.’ The present record might be an introduction through nursery

stock of Brachychiton, but may also show establishment of the species at this

location. Braby (2009) also suggested that hill-topping was an unusual

activity for Candalides absimilis absimilis.

NYMPHALIDAE

Euploea tulliolus tulliolus (Fabricius, 1793).

An adult female in good condition was collected on 16 April 2015 on the

North Shore of Port Macquarie, confirming a previous southern sight record

for this species in Port Macquarie (Moore and Ginn 2009)

Oreixenica latialis (Waterhouse and Lyell 1914)

E.D. Edwards (in Braby 2000) recorded the northernmost population at the

Boyd R. near Kanangra Walls, New South Wales. On 26 March 2015 adults

were abundant 11 km north of Boyd R (-33.8867, 150.0460) at 1235 m,

24 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

establishing a new northern record for this species. Specimens are markedly

yellower than the closest known population at Ginini Flats, ACT, where the

orange markings are much richer in colour. The specimens from this new

locality show a much closer affinity with Prussian Creek and Sawpit Creek

populations near Mt Kosciusko than with the Ginini Flats specimens.

Oreixenica lathioniella herceus (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)

An interesting isolated population was discovered at Mt Gibraltar near

Bowral (-34.4674, 150.4286), in April 2014 at above 900 m. Specimens at

this location are consistently larger and brighter than those from both Ebor

and the Blue Mountains. Adults flew very late in the season, with the first not

appearing until the end of the first week of April and peaking by 15 April.

This locality is abundant in satyrids earlier in the season, with Geitoneura

acantha (Donovan, 1804), Geitoneura klugii (Guérin-Méneville, 1830),

Heteronympha merope (Fabricius, 1774), Heteronympha penelope

Waterhouse, 1937, Heteronympha paradelpha Lower, 1893, Heteronympha

banksii (Leach, 1814), Tisiphone abeona (Donovan, 1803) and Argynnina

cyrila Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 all being present and common, but by the

time Oreixenica lathioniella (Westwood, 1851) is on the wing, with the

exception of a few worn H. banksii and H. merope, all other satyrids there

have completed their flight season.

Acknowledgement

The authors thank Chris Miiller for taking the specimen photographs of H.

albovenata weemala.

References

BRABY, M.F. 2000 Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution.

CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria; xx + 976 pp.

BRABY, M.F. 2008. Taxonomic review of Candalides absimilis (C. Felder, 1862) and C.

margarita (Semper, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), with descriptions of two new subspecies.

The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 24: 33-54.

COMMON, I.F.B. and WATERHOUSE, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Angus and

Robertson, Sydney; xiv + 682 pp.

DUNN, K.L. and DUNN, L.E. 1991. Review of Australian butterflies: distribution, life history

and taxonomy. Parts 1-4. Published privately, Melbourne; 660 pp.

MOORE, A.S. and GINN, S.G. 2009. New records of butterflies (Lepidoptera) in the Port

Macquarie area, New South Wales. Australian Entomologist 36: 21-22.

MOORE, A.S. and PETRIE, E. 2014. A new record for Herimosa albovenata (Waterhouse)

(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in the central west slopes and plains of New South Wales. Australian

Entomologist 41: 125-127.

PETERS, J.V. 1969. Notes on the distribution of Australian Hesperioidea and Papilionidae

(Lepidoptera). Australian Zoologist 15: 178-184.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1): 25-28 25

FIRST RECORD OF TAENARIS CATOPS TURDULA

FRUHSTORFER, 1914 (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE:

AMATHUSIINAE) FROM DAUAN ISLAND, TORRES STRAIT,

QUEENSLAND

C.E. MEYER’, S.S. BROWN’, A.I. KNIGHT? and A.L. BROWN?’

129 Silky Oak Avenue, Moggill, Old 4070 (Email:cmameyer @ bigpond.com)

19 Kimberley Drive, Bowral, NSW 2576 (Email:stnac@ bigpond.com)

°70 Exton Road, Exton, Tas 7303

*Spring Valley Rd, Spring Valley, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Taenaris catops turdula Fruhstorfer, 1914 is recorded from Dauan Island, Torres Strait,

Queensland. The single male specimen is the first record of this species from Dauan Island and

the first male recorded from Australia. It also represents the fourth recorded Australian specimen

with all specimens known only from Torres Strait, where the species is recorded from Erub

(Darnley) (collected in 1910) and Saibai Islands (collected in 1996). Field observations of the

butterfly are recorded and wing pattern elements that distinguish T. c. turdula from other

Taenaris spp known from Torres Strait are presented.

Introduction

The genus Taenaris Hiibner, 1819 contains approximately 25 species ranging

from Malaysia through the Moluccas, New Guinea and several islands of the

Torres Strait to the Solomon Islands (Parsons 1998, Braby 2000, Tennent

2002, Lambkin 2010). In Australia, the genus is represented by T. artemis

jamesi Butler, 1877, T. catops turdula Fruhstorfer, 1914 and T. myops kirschi

Staudinger, 1887 (Waterhouse and Lyell 1914, Braby 2000, Lambkin 2010,

Braby 2016), predominantly from Torres Strait, with only T. a. jamesi

recorded from mainland Australia (Johnson and Johnson 1991). Within

Australia, T. c. turdula has been infrequently collected from Torres Strait and

has been known only from three female specimens: two from Darnley Island,

13.v.1910 HE (AM) and 18.v.1910 HE (MV), and one from Saibai Island,

1.111.1996, TAL (TLIKC) (Waterhouse and Lyell 1914, Braby 2000, Lambkin

2010). No males have been recorded previously from Australia.

Abbreviations for specimen repositories: AM — Australian Museum, Sydney;

CEMC - C.E. Meyer Collection, Brisbane; MV — Museum of Victoria,

Melbourne; TLIKC — Joint collection of T.A. Lambkin and A.I. Knight,

Brisbane.

Abbreviations for collectors: AIK — A.I. Knight, CEM — C.E. Meyer, HE —

Hermann Elgner, SSB — S.S. Brown, TAL — T.A. Lambkin.

Field observations and discussion

On 14 January 2011, a male T. c. turdula (Figs 1-2) was collected by CEM

(CEMC) from under mango trees (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) at

0800 h. A female T. a. jamesi was also collected from the same location

shortly afterwards at 0805 h. Both butterflies were settled on low foliage in

26 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

the shaded understory below the mango trees and were only observed when

they took flight following disturbance. Many rotting and fermenting mangoes

were littered on the ground under the trees.

onres Strat OD

07-14 Jgn 2011

Figs 1-2. Taenaris catops turdula, male from Dauan Island, 07-14.1.2011, CEM, SSB

& AIK [forewing 42 mm, wingspan 83 mm]: (1) upperside; (2) underside.

Males of T. catops (Westwood, 1851) can be distinguished from males of the

other two species occurring in Australia by their squatter forewings,

prominent dark scaling along the radial, medial and cubital veins on the

forewing upperside and the forewing inner margin always lacking dark

scaling (Parsons 1998). Taenaris artemis (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1860)

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 27

(Figs 3-4) and T. myops (C. & R. Felder, 1860) lack the prominent dark

scaling along the veins present in the upper part of the forewing of T. catops

males. In addition, the other two species have broad but variable dark

forewing inner margins (Parsons 1998). Waterhouse and Lyell (1914) noted

that the tornal eye-spots on the underside of the hind wing of T. catops are

more proximally situated than in T. artemis. Thus, the specimen from Dauan

Island is placed within T. c. turdula and represents the first male record for

Australia.

Figs 3-4. Taenaris artemis jamesi, male from Murray Island, 06-10.iv.2001, CEM &

SSB [forewing 48 mm, wingspan 93 mm]: (3) upperside; (4) underside.

28 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Parsons (1984) recorded Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth (Liliaceae) and

Phaius tancarvilliae (Banks ex l Her.) Blume (Orchidaceae) as host plants in

Papua New Guinea. In addition, D’Abrera (1978) recorded Musa sp.

(Musaceae), Areca catechu L. and Caryota rumphiana Mart. (both

Arecaceae) as host plants. Species belonging to Arecaceae, Musaceae and

Orchidaceae are recorded from Dauan Island (Torres Strait Regional

Authority 2013).

Further collecting of Taenaris spp on the northern and eastern Torres Strait

islands could assist in determining the residency status of T. c. turdula in

Torres Strait.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the community council and the Elders of Dauan Island for

accommodation and permission to conduct our activities on the island and

C.G. Miller for his comments on the initial draft of the manuscript.

References

BRABY, M.F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution.

CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne; xxvii + 976 pp.

BRABY, M.F. 2016. The complete field guide to butterflies of Australia. 2" Edition. CSIRO

Publishing, Melbourne; xi + 384 pp.

D’ABRERA, B. 1978. Butterflies of the Australian Region. 2" Revised Edition. Lansdowne

Press, Melbourne; 415 pp.

JOHNSON, S.J. and JOHNSON, I.R. 1991. Notes on the life history of Taenaris artemis

(Snellen van Vollenhoven) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Australia and the rediscovery of T. a.

queenslandica Rothschild. Australian Entomological Magazine 18: 85-86.

LAMBKIN, T.A. 2010. A review of Taenaris Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae:

Amathusiinae) in Queensland, together with the first Australian records for T. myops kirschi

Staudinger and Elymnias agondas melanippe Grose-Smith (Satyrinae). Australian Entomologist

37: 77-92.

PARSONS, M.J. 1984. Life histories of Taenaris (Nymphalidae) from Papua New Guinea.

Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 38: 69-84.

PARSONS, M.J. 1998. The butterflies of Papua New Guinea: their systematics and biology.

Academic Press, London; xvi + 736 pp, xxvi + 136 pls.

TORRES STRAIT REGIONAL AUTHORITY. 2013. Profile for management of the habitats

and related ecological and cultural resource values of Dauan Island, January 2013. Prepared by

3D Environmental® for Torres Strait Regional Authority Land & Sea Management Unit; vi + pp

7-123.

WATERHOUSE, G.A. and LYELL, G. 1914. The butterflies of Australia. Angus and Robertson,

Sydney; vi + 239 pp.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1): 29-38 29

A NEW ANT INQUILINE FLOWER FLY (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE:

PIPIZINAE) FROM AUSTRALIA

MICHAEL F. DOWNES!, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON’ and F.

CHRISTIAN THOMPSON?

126 Canara Street, Cranbrook, Townsville, Qld 4814 (Email: mikedownes @ bigpond.com)

?Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling

Avenue, K.W. Neatby Building, Ottawa KIA0C6, Canada (Email: jhskevington@ gmail.com)

*Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA (Email:

thompsonf@ si.edu)

Abstract

Trichopsomyia formiciphila sp. n., a new ant inquiline flower fly, is described from eastern

Australia. It has been reared in association with weaver ants of the genus Polyrhachis

(Cyrtomyrma) Forel, in the nests of which its larvae are probably brood predators.

Introduction

Flower flies are abundant, conspicuous and varied. The adults are pollinators

and the habits of the immatures are diverse, ranging from larval predators of

various homopterous pests to filter-feeding rat-tailed maggots, with some

specialised predators of ant brood (Rotheray and Gilbert 2011). More than

6200 species have been described (Thompson 2013). While our knowledge of

the flower fly fauna of Europe is rich, very little is known of the Australian

fauna. The last significant work on this fauna was completed in the 1920s and

30s (Ferguson 1926a, b, Hardy 1933), with a few revisionary keys published

since (Riek 1954, Paramonov 1955a, b, 1957a, b, Thompson 1968, Wright

and Skevington 2013, Mengual and Thompson 2015).

The association of flower flies with ants is mainly limited to species of the

subfamily Microdontinae, all of which are inquilines as larvae. Beyond these

and the species herein described, very few other species are known to be ant

inquilines: some species of Chrysotoxum Meigen (Rotheray 1993: 70) and a

species of Platycheirus Lepeletier & Serville from New Zealand (Thompson

1972). The first published record of the relationship between Polyrachis Fr.

Smith ants and Trichopsomyia Williston was made by Hölldobler and Wilson

(1990).

Materials and methods

The terminology used follows Thompson (1999), which was derived

originally from the Manual of Nearctic Diptera (McAlpine 1981). This is

congruent with the terminology presented by Cumming and Wood (2009)

except some terms used for the male genitalia that follow the latter.

For details concerning the collection and processing of the host ant nests in

Townsville, together with the isolation and recording of their arthropod

associates, including the syrphid material from this source contributing to this

report, see Downes (2015).

30 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Abbreviations used here include: AM — Australian Museum, Sydney,

Australia; ANIC — Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia;

BMNH -— Natural History Museum (formerly British Museum (Natural

History)), London, United Kingdom; CNC — Canadian National Collection of

Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada; JSS — Jeff Skevington

specimen; QM — Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australias QMT —

QM_REG._NO._T (Queensland Museum registration numbers appear on

labels in this format, shortened to QMT throughout the text); USNM —

National Museum of Natural History (formerly United States National

Museum), Washington DC, USA.

DNA extraction, COI amplification and sequencing followed the methods

outlined in Skevington and Thompson (2012). GenBank numbers are

provided in the material examined list after the relevant specimens and begin

with the letters KX (e.g. KX586304).

Systematics and biology

Trichopsomyia Williston

Trichopsomyia Williston 1888: 259. Type species: Trichopsomyia polita Williston by

subsequent designation of Hull (1949: 330).

Diagnosis: A flower fly genus of the subfamily Pipizinae (face without an

oral notch and pilose, eye pilose, facial groove (anterior tentorial) reduced to

small circular pit; crossvein r-m basal, at basal 1/4 or less of cell DM) with

anterior anepisternum pilose.

Triglyphus Loew and Trichopsomyia are the only pipizines with long erect

pile on the anterior anepisternum. Triglyphus is easily separated from

Trichopsomyia: as the name implies, it has only three well developed

abdominal segments, whereas Trichopsomyia typically has four well

developed segments.

While the genus was originally based on two species from Brazil, it is now

known from all biotic regions except the Afrotropics (Palaearctic (6),

Nearctic (11), Neotropics (12), Oriental (2 undescribed), Australian (1)). This

first species from the Australian region is described below.

Previously, the biology of only one Trichopsomyia species was known and

that species is a larval predator of psyllids in their galls (Rotheray 1993: 90).

The new species described below was found in ant nests where the flower fly

larvae are probably brood predators.

Trichopsomyia formiciphila sp. n.

(Figs 1-3)

Trichopsomyia 88-20 Thompson (1988 manuscript).

Trichopsomyia sp. Hélldobler & Wilson 1990: 510, fig. 13-27 (larva, puparium and

adult female) [biology].

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 31

Type material examined. Holotype 5, AUSTRALIA (QUEENSLAND): Mission

Beach, summit of Bicton Hill, 17°50'S 146°6'E, 24.xi.2014, J.H., A.M. and A.W.

Skevington, CNC374747 (KX586304 QMT207068 (in QM). Paratypes: 10 34, same

data as holotype: CNC374740 (KX586306); CNC385009 (KX586307); CNC385010

(KX586305); CNC374739; CNC374741; CNC374742; CNC374743; CNC374744;

CNC374745; CNC374746 (1 6 BMNH, 7 ő CNC, 2 ő USNM); 1 9, Bertie

Creek (pump), 1 km Southeast Heathlands H.S., Cape York Peninsula, 11°46'S

142°35'E, 16.iii.1992, G. Daniels, M.A. Schneider, QMT220779 (in QM); 1 £, 1 Q,

Mount White, Coen, 13°58'S 143°11'E, 29.iv.1989, G. & A. Daniels, AMK404802;

AMK404803 (in AM); 1 9, same data, JSS45806 (in AM); 1 92, Mount Cook,

15°30'S 145°16'E, 11.x.1980, D.H. Colless, USNM ENT249748 (in ANIC); 1 9,

Shiptons Flat, 15°28'S 145°8'E, 17.x.1980, D.H. Colless, USNM ENT249746 (in

ANIC); 2 ő, 3 km NNW Palmer River Crossing, 16°4'S 144°47'E, 17.v.1989, G. &

A. Daniels, AMK404804, JSS45805 (in AM); 1 ĝ, same data except 19.v.1989,

AMK404805 (in AM); 1 larva, Lake Eacham Visitor Centre, Atherton Tablelands,

17°17'9.60"S 145°37'44.40"E, 17.vi.2016, M Downes, Polyrhachis monteithi Kohout

nest in groove of Pandanus leaf, larva was 8 cm inside the long thin nest (30x1x1

cm), nest was well occupied (39 alate queens, 172 males and 64 workers), but had

only 8 larvae, no eggs or pupae, CNC583572 (KX946581: in CNC); 1 9, Baldwin

Swamp Fauna Reserve, Bundaberg, 24°52'S 152°22'E, 3.i11.1978, H. Frauca, USNM

ENT249747 (in ANIC); 1 9, Petrie, Brisbane, 27°16'S 152°59'E, Polyrhachis nest,

20.viii.1997, J. Warden, with puparial case (emerged 26.viii.1997), QMT222901

(KX586308: in QM); 4 3d, 2 99, Windsor, Brisbane, 27°26’S 153°1’E, 22-

23.11.1997, CJ. Burwell, QMT222894 (KX586309); QMT222895; QMT222896;

QMT222897; QMT222898; QMT222899 (in QM); 1 4, same data except 8.iii.1997,

QMT222900 (in QM).

Other material examined. AUSTRALIA (NEW SOUTH WALES): 1 ĝ, Lord Howe

Island, 31°33'S 159°5'E, USNM ENT249889 (in ANIC). (QUEENSLAND): 1

puparium, Cranbrook, Townsville, 19°15'S 146°48'E, 10.vi.2013, M. Downes,

CNC464849 (in CNC); 1 puparium, same data except 10.vii.2014, CNC464854 (in

CNC); 3 puparia, same data except 19.1.2012, CNC464850; CNC464851;

CNC464852 (in CNC); 1 puparium, same data except 29.ix.2009, CNC464855 (in

CNC); 1 larva and puparium, same data except 8.1.2011, CNC464853 (in CNC).

Description. Length: body 7.8-10.0 mm; wing 6.5-8.0 mm.

Male. Head (Figs 1A-C) black; face shiny except white pollinose medial

vitta, white pilose; gena narrow, black, black pilose, shiny on anterior 2/3,

white pollinose posteriorly; frontal triangle shiny on ventral 2/3, black

pollinose dorsally except narrowly white pollinose along eye margin laterad

to antenna, black pilose on black pollinose area and narrowly dorsad to

lunule, white pilose medially; lunule black; holoptic, continuity as long as

vertical triangle; vertical triangle black, black pollinose and pilose; eye

densely black pilose; occiput black, white pollinose and pilose on ventral 2/3,

becoming shiny and black pilose dorsally; antenna orange on scape and

pedicel, black pilose; basoflagellomere elongate, about 4 times as long as

broad; ratio 1:1:4.

32 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Thorax (Figs 1A-B) black; postpronotum brownish black, brown pilose;

mesonotum shiny, white pilose anterior to transverse suture and broadly

anterior to scutellum, black pilose medially; postalar callus brownish orange;

scutellum shiny, black pilose medially, white pilose marginally; pleuron

shiny, black pilose except anepisternum white pilose; plumula black; halter

yellow; calypter with dorsal lobe black, ventral lobe white with black margin

and fringe. Legs: black except pro- and metatarsi yellow and metatarsus

yellow on basal 2/3 of basitarsomere, black pilose except pale yellowish-

white pilose on pale areas; metatibia slightly swollen and arcuate.

Fig. 1. Trichopsomyia formiciphila sp. n., male: (A) dorsal habitus (CNC374747); (B)

lateral habitus (CNC374745); (C) oblique frontal of head (CNC374745). Scale bars =

1 mm.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 33

Fig. 2. Trichopsomyia formiciphila sp. n., male genitalia (CNC374745): (A) right

lateral of terminalia, scale bar 0.3 mm; (B) ventral of phallus and associated

structures, scale bar 0.1 mm; (C) ventral of surstyli and associated structures, scale bar

0.3 mm. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; dph — distiphallus; epand — epandrium; hyp —

hypandrium; hypct — hypoproct; pgt — postgonite; ph — phallus; ses — subepandrial

sclerite; sur — surstylus.

34 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Fig. 3. Trichopsomyia formiciphila sp. n., larva and puparium: (A) dorsal view of live

larva (CNC583572), scale bar 2.0 mm; (B) dorsal view of larval head (CNC583572),

scale bar 0.5 mm; (C) ventral view of larval mouthparts (CNC583572), scale bar 0.2

mm; (D) ventral view of larval head (CNC583572), scale bar 0.5 mm; (E) dorsal view

of posterior spiracles (CNC583572), scale bar 0.5 mm; (F) puparium in situ against

the inner wall of a Polyrhachis australis nest; the remains of the nest wall (carton) can

be seen along the inner lower edge; scale bar 4.0 mm. Abbreviations: mdh —

mandibular hook; prp — posterior respiratory process; ps — posterior spiracle.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 35

Wing diffuse brownish, microtrichose except bare as follows; basal 1/5 of

costal cell, basal 1/3 of cell R, anterobasal 2/3 of cell M, anterobasal 1/5 of

cell CuP [anal] and narrowly anterior to vein A2; alula microtrichose.

Abdomen (Fig. 1A) black; with two pair of large quadrate yellow maculae on

2nd and 3rd terga; Ist tergum dull black, white pilose; 2nd tergum dull

(pollinose), with large yellow macula on medial 2/3, with macula slightly

rounded on apicolateral half, white pilose on basal 4/5 except laterally, black

pilose laterally and apically, except on basolateral corner long white pilose;

3rd tergum dull (pollinose), entirely black pilose; 4th tergum dull (pollinose)

except shiny apically on apical 1/3 with submedial triangular extension to

basal 1/2, black pilose except white pilose laterally. Genitalia: black, shiny,

black pilose; surstyli C-shaped with basal protuberances and large central

lobe (Figs 2A, C); postgonite kidney-shaped with stubby dorsal and distal

prongs (Fig. 2B).

Female. Similar to the male except as follows: frons black, shiny except for

two white pollinose maculae at mid length, black pilose; abdomen entirely

black, dull pollinose except shiny where male yellow maculae are, white

pilose lateral and on shiny area, elsewhere black pilose; 5th tergum black,

shiny, black pilose.

Larva and puparium. Larva uniform olive-green without markings;

mandibular hook three-lobed; posterior respiratory siphon 2.5 times as long

as wide, darkly sclerotised on distal half (Fig. 3A-F).

Etymology. The epithet is the combination of ‘formica’ for ant and ‘phila’ for

lover of. The name is an adjective.

Distribution. Australia (New South Wales, Queensland) (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Trichopsomyia formiciphila distribution. Scale bar = 1000 km.

36 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Remarks. This species is readily recognized as the only Trichopsomyia

known from Australia. It is similar to an undescribed species from Indonesia

(a single male specimen from Kuala Lumpur collected by Pendlebury is in

the American Museum of Natural History) and both species differ from other

Trichopsomyia by the swollen and arcuate metatibia with a distinct thick

brush of pile. They are mimics of stingless (trigonid) bees. Trichopsomyia

formiciphila sp. n. has been reared in association with weaver ants of the

subgenus Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) Forel (Hélldobler and Wilson 1990:

510). The material collected by Hélldobler and Wilson should be in the

Museum of Comparative Zoology but the specimens are missing and thus

could not be included in the type series. Six specimens were DNA barcoded

to test the species concept (COI 5' gene sequenced). QMT222894 and

QMT222901 from the Brisbane area in South Queensland differed by only a

single base pair from specimens collected near Mission Beach in North

Queensland (CNC374740, CNC374747, CNC385009 and CNC385010). The

Lake Eacham larva (CNC583572) was identical to sequences of Mission

Beach adults. Sequence data could not be obtained from specimens from

Cape York or Townsville (DNA degraded).

Table 1. Collection data for Trichopsomyia formiciphila puparia (and 1 larva)

obtained from nests of the weaver ant Polyrhachis australis in Townsville. Volumes

(cm?) are of the ants’ nests. Puparium sizes (mm) are given with and without

respiratory horns respectively. NR = not recorded.

DATE HOST PLANT VOLUME SPECIMEN SIZE

29.09.09* Umbrella 60 Puparium** 7.3, 6.9

18.10.09 NR 216 Puparium 8.9, 8.0

19.11.09 NR 240 Puparium 8.0, 7.0

08.01.11* Umbrella 127.5 Puparium 7.6, 7.4

08.01.11 Umbrella 127.5 larva (5.0)

11.02.11 NR 10.5 Puparium 7.0, 6.8

10.12.11. Palm 8 Puparium 7.0, 6.7

19.01.12* NR 192 Puparium 7.5, 7.3

19.01.12* NR 192 Puparium 7.5, 7.0

19.01.12* NR 192 Puparium 7.4, 6.8

05.10.13 Palm 8 Puparium 7.8, 7.0

22.12.13 Palm 13 Puparium 7.0, 6.7

10.07.14* Palm 16 Puparium 7.6, 6.9

*Material taken by JHS for DNA analysis, stored in CNC; **Unbreached: dry

remains of larva within.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 37

Biology. In nests of the arboreal weaver ant Polyrhachis australis Mayr from

Cranbrook, Townsville (19.302S, 146.751E), the inquiline’s larvae were

probably brood predators and its puparia were typically located on the

innermost side of the nest wall, i.e. close against the silk lining of the nest

carton, or on the inside of the leaf forming a nest wall, but were sometimes

positioned deeper inside the nest or outside. All puparia occurred singly with

one exception, when three were found in the same nest (19/1/12, Table 1).

The host plants (umbrella tree and palms) primarily reflect the relative

abundance of these plants and the ants’ preferred host plants for their nests,

rather than any propensities of the syrphids themselves. The dates of

collection suggest greater activity in the summer (wet season) months but

further specimens are needed to confirm this. Since only two of the puparia

contained a larva and the rest were empty, a short metamorphic period is

suggested. Again, future collections are needed to substantiate this. Some of

the puparia appeared to be held to the substrate by an aggregate of silk

strands forming a sheet (Fig. 3F).

Acknowledgements

The order of the authors is alphabetical, all contributing equally to the manuscript:

Downes collected the larvae, biological notes and associated data and contributed the

larval figure; Skevington collected many of the adults, assembled the material

examined, prepared the figures and coordinated the molecular data analysis; and

Thompson contributed the traditional taxonomy.

Jacquie Recsei, Russell Cox and Dan Bickel (AM), Christine Lambkin and Susan

Wright (QM) and David Yeates (ANIC) provided access to collections and loans of

material. Andrew Young helped with photography, identification of miscellaneous

material in Australian collections, databasing and review of the manuscript. Sebastian

Namek provided databasing support. Ximo Mengual reviewed the manuscript. Scott

Kelso extracted and sequenced specimens. Funding to JHS from Agriculture and

Agri-Food Canada supported general work and sequencing of specimens. NSERC and

ABRS (RF213-02) grants to JHS provided funding for FCT, Andrew Young and

Sebastian Namek to travel to Australia and work in the collections there. A CSIRO

McMaster Fellowship to JHS supported his collection and fieldwork in Australia.

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Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1): 39-48 39

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF DELIAS CALIBAN GROSE SMITH, 1897

(LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) FROM NORMANBY ISLAND,

D’?ENTRECASTEAUX GROUP, PAPUA NEW GUINEA

W. JOHN TENNENT

Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW75BD, United Kingdom

(E-mail: johntennent@ hotmail.co.uk)

Abstract

A review of Delias caliban Grose Smith, 1897, endemic to the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Milne

Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, is presented. Primary type material of nominotypical D. c.

caliban (TL: Fergusson) and of D. c. satisbona Rothschild, 1915 (TL: Goodenough) is

illustrated. A new subspecies, D. c. sycorax subsp. n., from Normanby Island, is described and

illustrated. A lectotype is designated for D. c. satisbona Rothschild. Current dangers and

difficulties for travellers to the D’Entrecasteaux are briefly discussed.

Introduction

The pierine genus Delias Hübner, 1819, ranges from Sri Lanka and India in

the west to the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu in the east,

attaining its greatest diversity in the mountains of mainland New Guinea.

Some 255 species are currently recognised (Müller et al. 2013) and the genus

has received revisionary — or at least a comprehensive — treatment by a

number of authors, notably Talbot (1928-1937), Roepke (1955) and, most

recently, Yagishita et al. (1993) and Miiller et al. (2013).

Many Delias are moderate to high elevation species, including D. caliban

Grose Smith, 1897, described from Fergusson Island in the D’Entrecasteaux

group. Delias caliban is morphologically very similar to D. ladas Grose

Smith, 1894, a fact acknowledged by Grose Smith (1897), who nevertheless

considered it a distinct taxon: ‘D. caliban is a much larger insect than D.

ladas; the irrorated yellow basal area on the underside of the posterior wings

is a very distinct feature, apart from other differences.’ A second D. caliban

subspecies, D. c. satisbona Rothschild, 1915, was described from

Goodenough, the adjacent island northwest of Fergusson. Talbot (1937)

treated D. caliban as a distinct species, while Roepke (1955) listed it as D.

ladas caliban and offered the opinion ‘treated by its author and Talbot as a

separate species, but apart from the larger size, the male is identical with

ladas (Toxopeus ms.)’. Delias ladas, to which D. caliban does bear some

superficial resemblance, is widespread on the New Guinea mainland. Both

Yagishita et al. (1993) and Parsons (1998) treated D. caliban as a distinct

species; it differs from all subspecies of D. ladas in its larger size, yellow

basal area on the underside of the hind wing and the yellow submarginal

spots on the underside of the female hind wing (Chris Davenport in litt.).

Müller et al. (2013) found less than 1% difference in CO1 gene sequence

between D. caliban and D. ladas (Chris Müller in litt.).

It is widely believed that only two male specimens of nominotypical D. c.

caliban exist (Grose Smith 1897, Parsons 1998). However, the Natural

40 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

History Museum (BMNH) in London actually has three males collected by

A.S. Meek; the holotype and one paratype from the Rothschild collection

taken in 1894 (see below) and a third male, which was also collected by

Meek; it bears no date, but since it is ex-H H Druce and ex-Joicey was almost

certainly collected at the same time as the other two. Although not illustrated

by Grose Smith when he described it, D. caliban was illustrated by Grose

Smith and Kirby (1897: p. 26, pl. ‘Papilionidae. Pierinae. Delias VII’, figs 6-

7); the painting on the plate accurately depicts the upper surface, although the

under surface basal area is a rather bright lemon-yellow and extensive on the

painting. In both historical and fresh specimens in the BMNH the yellow may

appear to be tinged greenish, especially when the dusting of yellow scales is

light; the second of the two Rothschild collection male specimens (the

original description noted ‘two examples were in the collection’ [Grose

Smith, 1897]) has much less basal yellow. Grose Smith and Kirby’s

illustration also has an exaggerated ‘finger’ of dark border colour intruding

into the underside forewing white basal area.

Fergusson I., Rothschild

= z at xii. ly Bequest

8. Meek). BM 1939-1

2. Cae | an

Figs 1-3. Delias caliban caliban holotype male: (1) labels; (2) upper surface; (3)

under surface.

Notwithstanding some artistic licence, this illustration is clearly the specimen

also labelled as the ‘Type’ in what is almost certainly Grose Smith’s own

handwriting (Fig. 1) and is taken to be the holotype. The example of his

handwriting provided by Horn et al. (1990) is not helpful, since it does not

include examples of most of the letters used on the caliban label; it is also

noted that Horn et al. (1990: 148, 466 [the latter with incorrect initials])

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 41

used a hyphenated form of Grose Smith’s name, a mistake made by very

many authors but never by Grose Smith himself. The caliban label (Fig. 1)

does not hyphenate Grose Smith’s name.

The current edition of the ICZN (1999) Code requires a holotype to be

designated in the written description and that, if this is not the case, a

lectotype should be designated. However, it is rather enigmatic — or at least

open to a measure of interpretation — on the subject of type material prior to

2000; Recommendation 73F declares that ‘where no holotype or syntype was

fixed for a nominal species-group taxon established before 2000, and when it

is possible that the nominal species-group taxon was based on more than one

specimen, an author should proceed as though syntypes may exist and, where

appropriate, should designate a lectotype rather than assume a holotype’. The

word ‘assume’ is taken here to be important: although no holotype was

formally designated in the case of nominotypical D. c. caliban in Grose

Smith’s written description, his illustration very obviously refers to the

specimen which bears his own handwritten “Type’ label. Arguably, there is

no ‘assumption’ to be made — this is the specimen which Grose Smith clearly

considered to be the name-bearing Type and it is taken here to be a holotype;

under these circumstances it is arguably unnecessary and arrogant to override

the clear action and intentions of the original author. It is acknowledged that

this may not meet with universal approval; it is a potentially sensitive issue

and one which might be addressed in time by the ICZN. The second male

from the Rothschild collection has been labelled as a paratype.

Delias caliban satisbona was described by Rothschild in 1915 and was, like

nominotypical D. c. caliban, collected by A.S. Meek. It differs fundamentally

from nominotypical D. c. caliban in the hindwing underside having much

reduced greenish yellow scales basally. Rothschild (1915) made no reference

to the number of specimens before him, although Parsons (1998) erroneously

declared: ‘To date, [nominotypical] caliban is known by 2 46 and satisbona

by 4 dod and 4 9Q’. There are indeed four pairs of D. c. satisbona in the

Rothschild collection in the BMNH and one of these males is labelled as the

‘type’, although the word ‘type’ appears to have been added to the label as an

afterthought, probably in a different hand (Fig. 4). However, there are a

further 5 3 and 3 9@ in the main collection, all bearing the same black

bordered Goodenough / Meek label as those in the Rothschild collection.

Since this series came to the BMNH from the Joicey collection, not the

Rothschild collection, identical labelling might be considered unusual, but

there is evidence to suggest that when Meek material was received by

Rothschild at Tring Museum, it was not unusual for Tring to take a selection

of specimens (in the case of what was to become D. caliban satisbona, four

pairs) and label the remainder before they were passed to dealers for sale.

One of the Joicey males carries a further handwritten label: ‘D. Satisbona

Roths. Det. Roths. Cotype’, and a female bears the same ‘Cotype’ data, but

not ‘Det. Roths.’. It is possible that Rothschild had access to the Joicey

42 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

material and that the whole of this series (nine males and seven females)

could be considered syntypic, but the words ‘Det. Roths.’ (i.e. “determined

[by] Rothschild) leave some doubt as to whether this labelling was done at

the time of Rothschild’s description, or at some later date. Because there is an

element of doubt, the Joicey material is excluded and syntypes are assumed

only to include the four pairs in Rothschild’s collection.

= Rothschild

Bequest

a niet BM 1939-1

Belen,

bel.

; je the thecd.

LECTOTYPE

Delias caliban

satishbona

Grose Smith, 1897

designated by John

Tennent, 2017

Figs 4-8. Delias caliban satisbona: (4) LT ĝ, labels; (5) LT 4, upper surface; (6) LT

ĝ, under surface; (7) PLT Ẹ, upper surface; (8), PLT Ẹ, under surface.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 43

In order to fix current application of the name, a lectotype for D. c. satisbona,

with the following labels, is hereby designated: (1) printed, black bordered

label ‘Goodenough Isl[and], 2500-4000 f[ee]t, May 1913. A. S. Meek.’; (2)

handwritten ‘Delias caliban satisbona Type Rothschfild].’; (3) printed

circular, purple bordered label ‘LECTOTYPE’; (4) printed, ‘LECTOTYPE,

Delias caliban satisbona Rothschild, 1915, designated by John Tennent,

2017’. Seven paralectotypes (3 £, 4 99) are designated with the following

labels: (1) printed, black bordered label ‘Goodenough Isl[and], 2500-4000

flee]t, May 1913. A. S. Meek.’; (2) printed circular, pale blue bordered label

‘PARALECTOTYPE’; (3) printed, ‘PARALECTOTYPE, Delias caliban

satisbona Rothschild, 1915, designated by John Tennent, 2017’.

The scarcity of D. caliban in museum collections almost certainly reflects

complications in reaching the species’ habitat due to difficulty of the terrain,

land ownership issues and cost, rather than scarcity of the butterfly. Parsons

(1998) stated that the known elevational range of D. caliban was from about

760 to 1,220 m. The present author has observed D. caliban on both

Goodenough and Fergusson; Parsons’ estimate of altitudinal range is

probably quite accurate at the lower end but D. c. satisbona occurs at least as

high as the summit of “Oiamadawa’a at 2,160 m on Goodenough. The species

appears common on both islands but is not an easy butterfly to catch.

Individuals fly deceptively slowly but cover a lot of ground and rarely rest.

Specimens (now deposited in BMNH, London) were captured on

Goodenough but on Fergusson the butterfly was not seen in six days spent on

the summit of ‘Oiatabu (Mount Kilkerran) and, although it was seen

frequently in the forest lower down the mountain, observations were

invariably made from a distance. The female of the nominate race remains

unknown.

The author spent five days and nights on the summit of Mount Pabinama on

Normanby Island, the most southerly of the three large islands of the

D’Entrecasteaux, from where D. caliban has not previously been recorded.

The species, in an undescribed form, was not uncommon in all habitats above

ca 750 m, including the summit of Mount Pabinama. This is described here

as a new subspecies.

New taxon

Delias caliban sycorax subsp. nov.

(Figs 9-14)

Type material: (2 63, 4 QQ). Holotype 6, PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Milne Bay

Province, Normanby Island, Mount Pabinama, camp three, 842 m, 10°0# 50.8 S /

150°59’56.2 E, 3 November 2016, John Tennent (in BMNH). Paratypes: 1 ĝ, same

data as holotype; 1 2, Mount Pabinama, below summit, 950-1,000 m, 10 °04’43.5 S /

150°00’20.9 E, 3 November 2016, John Tennent; 1 9, Mount Pabinama, summit,

1,045 m, 10°04’55.9 S / 150°00715.1 E, 29 October 2016; 1 &, ditto, 1 November

2016, John Tennent; 1 9, ditto, 2 November 2016, John Tennent (all in BMNH).

44 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

HOLOTYPE

Delias caliban sycorax

Tennent, 2017

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Milne Bay Province

IY Entrecasteaux group

Normanby Island

(camp 3)

10° 4° 50.8 5 / 150° 59° 56.2 E

Q 842m, 3 November 2016

i John Tennent

la | has pare | ay

Figs 9-13. Delias caliban sycorax subsp. n: (9) HT ĝ, labels, (10) HT ĝ, upper

surface; (11) HT ĝ, under surface; (12) PT 9, upper surface; (13) PT 9, under

surface.

Description. Male (Figs 10-11) forewing length 34 mm, very similar to other

races of D. caliban. Upperside: forewing ground colour white, outer third

black, basal edge of black border regular (more irregular in nominotypical

caliban); hind wing white with fine black border (border broader in

nominotypical caliban and D. c. satisbona). Underside: forewing outer half

black, with one distinct subapical spot and two smaller yellow streaks

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 45

(similar arrangement, but placed slightly further from the margin in

nominotypical caliban and D. c. satisbona; reduced to one spot, vestigial or

absent in D. c. satisbona); hind wing black, with sulphur yellow basal area

extending over almost one third of the wing (yellow scales more dense in

nominotypical caliban; often significantly reduced or almost absent in D. c.

satisbona); small but distinct yellow spot in space 6, almost touching margin

(spot also distinct, but placed further from margin in nominotypical caliban;

vestigial or absent in D. c. satisbona).

—

al »

+ # P

Fig. 14. Delias caliban sycorax female at rest on leaf, Normanby Island, Mount

Pabinama, ca 800 m (photo: David Mitchell).

Female (Figs 12-14) similar to D. c. satisbona (the nominotypical D. c.

caliban female remains unknown). Upperside: forewing basal area white,

dusted lightly with grey scales (white area usually slightly more extensive

and widely dusted with yellow scales in D. c. satisbona); distinct subapical

yellow spots in spaces 5 and 6 (spots placed further from the wing margin in

D. c. satisbona); hind wing with basal whitish grey area extending over

approximately half the wing, dusted lightly with yellow scales (basal area

yellow, occupying less than half the wing in D. c. satisbona). Underside:

forewing basal area plain white with a scattering of grey or indistinct yellow

scales, white patch extending along inner margin almost reaching tornus

(white area reduced, with wide, distinct area of pale yellow scales on costal

46 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

edge; extending half way to tornus in D. c. satisbona); slightly curved series

of subapical yellow spots and streaks (variable) (spots often larger, placed

further from apex in D. c. satisbona); hind wing black, with dusting of yellow

scales basally and along inner margin and costa; distinct yellow submarginal

spot in space 6 and series of smaller, more linear streaks in spaces 1b—5, 7

(variable in number and extent) (markings also variable, placed further from

wing margin in D. c. satisbona).

Diagnosis. Differences between the three races of Delias caliban are

relatively minor, but appear constant. Placement (nearer the wing margin) of

the yellow subapical and submarginal spots of D. c. sycorax serve to separate

it from both nominotypical D. c. caliban and D. c. satisbona. The female of

nominotypical D. c. caliban has not yet been collected but the extent of the

white basal areas on both surfaces of D. c. sycorax and, in particular, the lack

of upperside yellow suffusion in comparison with the heavily suffused female

of D. c. satisbona are diagnostic. It will be interesting to see the phenotype of

nominotypical D. c. caliban in due course.

Distribution. The island of Normanby, D’Entrecasteaux group, Papua New

Guinea (Milne Bay Province).

Etymology. The name caliban was presumably taken from the name of the

main antagonist in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, set on a remote island; the

unseen Sycorax was the mother of Caliban.

Discussion

This short paper is an integral part of research into the distribution and

systematics of the butterflies of Milne Bay Province islands, Papua New

Guinea, carried out by the author between 2010 and 2016. The

D’Entrecasteaux are substantial, high islands, close to the New Guinea

mainland and, while the butterflies of the islands have been documented

elsewhere (e.g. Parsons 1998), previous records have mainly been

concentrated on lowland localities.

It is interesting to note that the 5 Archbold Expedition visited Mount

Pabinama in 1956, arriving at a camp site below the summit on 30 April with

43 carriers, but that following a stay of 12 days (Brass 1959) they regarded

the mountain as being unsuitable for butterflies: ‘[on Mount Pabinama] ...

insect collecting could only be described as poor ... habitat conditions were

unsuitable for most butterflies ...’ (Brass 1959: 43).

The author’s own experience was quite different; heavy rain was experienced

for the first two days and nights but when the sun emerged on the third day

butterflies were both diverse and plentiful on and around the summit. This

disparity is not surprising; it is not unusual for researchers to experience

completely different conditions and species at different times when working

in the tropics.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 47

Issues in reaching altitude on all the islands of the D’Entrecasteaux (and on

other islands of Milne Bay) include the fact that land ownership on the

islands can be complex and that authority must be obtained from relevant

landowners before venturing inland. There are few villages any distance from

the coast and it is inconceivable that a visitor can gain any height without

local assistance.

It should be noted that in recent years a threat has arisen in the islands. The

waters around the D’Entrecasteaux have witnessed many acts of piracy and

the activities of criminals (euphemistically referred to locally as ‘rascals’),

largely from the area of West Fergusson, now encompass coastal areas of all

the main islands of the D’Entrecasteaux and further afield. Theft of dinghies

and powerful outboard motors have enabled criminals to attack coastal trade

stores and steal cash and provisions at gunpoint — and in the past two years

two policeman have been shot and killed by these gangs. Despite being very

careful not to forewarn local people of our arrival, the author came very close

to being caught by a group of these criminals when leaving the summit of

Pabinama on 3 November 2016; having just left one of the lower camps en

route for the coast, a group of criminals were seen by our carriers, heading up

from the same camp a short time later, having approached from a different

part of the island. Plans were altered and instead of an overnight river

stopover as planned, we reached the coast as dusk fell and left Normanby

early the following morning. Further criminal activity in the area of East

Cape at Christmas 2016 made safe dinghy travel between the mainland and

the D’Entrecasteaux islands impossible. No doubt these issues will be

resolved in due course but, for the moment, the authorities seem unable to

stop these activities and further escalation seems inevitable.

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to the National Research Institute, the Conservation

and Environmental Protection Authority (formerly Department of

Environment and Conservation), Papua New Guinea National Government,

and the Provincial Research Committee, Milne Bay Provincial Government,

for supporting butterfly research in Milne Bay Province.

Funding for 2016 fieldwork was provided by the Natural History Museum,

London (Special Funds); the Royal Entomological Society, St Albans; the

Percy Sladen Exploration Fund, London (Linnean Society); Australian

Geographic Society, Sydney; Normanby Charitable Trust, London; Martin

Jacoby, Somerset, UK and Lady Alice Renton, East Sussex, UK.

Additionally, pre-2016 fieldwork in Milne Bay was funded by grants from

National Geographic, Washington DC (CRE Grant # 8319-07 and GEFNE

Grant # 6-11); the Linnean Society, London (Appleyard Fund); and the

British Ecological Society, London (SEPG No 3651/4516).

48 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Particular thanks are due to the author’s friend and colleague David Mitchell,

formerly head of Conservation International in Papua New Guinea, now

Director of Eco Custodian Advocates Inc., a conservation orientated NGO

based in Milne Bay Province, who accompanied the author on expeditions to

the D’Entrecasteaux islands and Sudest in 2015 and 2016. As always,

personal thanks to Martin Jacoby, without whose generous financial

assistance it would have been impossible to reach so many remote islands or

to spend so long in the field. Thanks also to Chris Miiller and Chris

Davenport for discussion on Delias caliban / D. lada.

References

BRASS, L.J. 1959. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No 79. Summary of the fifth Archbold

Expedition to New Guinea (1956-1957). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

118(1): 1-70, pls 1-8.

GROSE SMITH, H. 1897. Descriptions of further new species of butterflies from the Pacific

Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 19: 403-407.

GROSE SMITH, H. and KIRBY, W.F. 1887-1902. Rhopalocera Exotica, being illustrations of

new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies. Gurney & Jackson, London, 3 vols., pages and

180 plates numbered in individual sections as issued (not in sequence; neither page nor plate

numbers consecutive).

HORN, W., KAHLE, I., FRIESE, G. and GAEDIKE, R. 1990. Collectiones entomologicae. Ein

Compendium tiber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. 2 volumes,

Berlin, 573 pp.

ICZN. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. 4" edition. International Trust for

Zoological Nomenclature, London; 306 pp.

MULLER, C.J., MATOS-MARAVI, P.F. and BEHEREGARAY, L.B. 2013. Delving into Delias

Hiibner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): fine-scale biogeography, phylogenetics and systematics of the

world’s largest butterfly genus. Journal of Biogeography 40: 881-893.

PARSONS, M.J. 1998. The butterflies of Papua New Guinea: their systematics and biology.

Academic Press, London; 736 pp, xxvi + 104 pls.

ROEPKE, W. 1955. The butterflies of the genus Delias Hiibner (Lepidoptera) in Netherlands

New Guinea. Nova Guinea, new series 6(2): 185-260.

ROTHSCHILD, W. 1915. Notes on and descriptions of Delias. Annals and Magazine of Natural

History (8) 15: 172-180.

TALBOT, G. 1928-1937. A monograph of the pierine genus Delias. John Bale, Sons &

Danielsson, London (Parts 1-5; pp. 1-259, pls i-vii, xxxvii, xxxviii, liv, lv, xxxix, lvi, lvii, Ixviii,

Ixix, lxx, xl-xlii, xliii, Iviii, lix), British Museum (Natural History), London, (Part 6 [conclusion],

pp. i-v, 261-656, viii-xxxvi, xliv-liii, 1x-Ixvii, Ixxi).

YAGISHITA, A., NAKANO, S. and MORITA, S. 1993. An illustrated list of the genus Delias

Hiibner of the world. 2 volumes. Khepera, Tokyo; xiv, 384, 409, vi pp.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1): 49-55 49

A NEW SPECIES OF COPELATUS ERICHSON, 1832

(COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: COPELATINAE) FROM THE

ADELBERT RANGE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA

YOANDRI S. MEGNA!, WISRUTTA ATTHAKOR’, MAX MANAONO?,

LARS HENDRICH* and MICHAEL BALKE*

' Universidad de Oriente, Cuba and Zoologische Staatssammlung München,

Miinchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 Miinchen, Germany

? Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand

* New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Nagada Harbour, Madang, Papua New Guinea

* SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung Miinchen, Miinchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 Miinchen,

Germany

E-mail (Michael Balke): kaefer@zsm.mwn.de

Abstract

We describe Copelatus adelbert sp. n., the first member of the Copelatus hydroporoides group

from the Australian Region. The species is endemic to the Adelbert Range in Papua New

Guinea. In addition to lacking striae on elytra (character of the C. hydroporoides group),

Copelatus adelbert sp. n. is very characteristic due to its colouration, with bright contrasting

transversal, basal and apical orange bands on the otherwise dark elytron. Habitus and median

lobe of the new species are illustrated and notes on the habitat are provided.

Introduction

The diving beetle genus Copelatus Erichson, 1832, is a diverse group of

aquatic insects with more than 400 described species (Nilsson 2016) and a

mainly pantropical distribution. For the identification of Copelatus species, it

is often necessary to use, more or less, a combination of three character

groups: (1) the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus; (2) the pattern of

surface sculpture and punctation, in particular the number of elytral striae,

which has been used to establish species groups (see Sharp 1882, Guignot

1961, Guéorguiev 1968, catalogue: Nilsson 2016); and (3) the shape of the

male protibia (Megna and Epler 2012). In some cases, identifications are

augmented with the general habitus of the species and the body size.

Copelatus has not yet been firmly justified as a monophyletic group based on

morphological apomorphies. Recent molecular phylogenetic work suggests

that this large genus might indeed be one radiation but, at the same time, it

emerged that the number of elytral striae is highly variable within clades so

that the species groups in current use are not monophyletic (Balke et al.

2004).

Species lacking elytral striae are currently assigned to the Copelatus

hydroporoides group (see Hajek et al. 2010). No species of the C.

hydroporoides group has been recorded previously from the Australian

Region (hitherto known from the Afrotropical and Neotropical Regions as

well as Wallacea (Hajek et al. 2010)). Here we describe its first species from

the region, from Papua New Guinea.

50 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Material and methods

This study is based on the examination of nine specimens, which are

deposited in: NARI — PNG National Insect Collection, Port Moresby, Papua

New Guinea; BMNH -— Natural History Museum, London, UK; ZSMM -

SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung, Miinchen, Germany.

All specimen data are quoted as they appear on the labels attached to the

specimens. Label text is cited using quotation marks. Our red identification

labels were attached to the types.

Photos and illustrations. The beetles were studied with a Leica MZ 12.5

stereo microscope at 10-100x. Drawings were digitally inked based on digital

images using Corel Draw Graphics Suite X6. Images of the habitus was taken

with a digital imaging system, composed of a Canon 5DS camera with Nikon

bellows, a Thorlabs iris and 2x ELWD Plan Apo objective attached to a

Mitutoyo focus lens. Image stacks were generated using a StackShot macro

rail and images assembled with the computer software Helicon Focus

4.77TM.

Morphological observations. Six specimens were measured. In the

descriptions and diagnoses, measurements are given as a minimum-maximum

range followed by the mean. The following abbreviations are used for body

measurements: EL — elytral length (along midline from anterior margin to

apex); EW - elytral width (across greatest transverse width of both elytra

combined); HL — head length (along midline from the anterior clypeal margin

to the anterior pronotal margin); HW — head width (maximum width near

posterior margin of the head); PL — pronotal length (along midline from

anterior to posterior margin); PW — pronotal width at level of posterior

margin; TL — total length (TL = HL+PL+EL). Finally, general body shape

was quantified with the ratios PL/PW and TL/EW.

Copelatus adelbert sp. n.

(Figs 1-2)

LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E9 1 FB 1D6-968C-4633-B805-9EOA9D8871C2.

Type locality. Keki birdwatching area in the Adelbert Mountains, Madang, Papua

New Guinea, at 04°42'215"S, 145°25'154"E.

Type material. Holotype ¢, ‘Papua New Guinea: Madang, Adelbert Mts., Sewan -

Keki, 700 m, 04°42'215"S, 145°25'154"E, 4.v.2006, leg Balke & Manaono (PNG 51)’

(in ZSM). Paratypes: 3 66, same data as holotype (ZSM; BMNH); 1 9, ‘Papua New

Guinea: Madang, Adelbert Mts., Keki, 850 m, 04°42'300"S, 145°25'089"E, 4.v.2006,

leg Balke & Manaono (PNG 52)’ (ZSM); 1 ĝ, ‘Papua New Guinea: Madang,

Adelbert Mts., below Keki, 790 m, 04°42'300"S, 145°25'089"E, 5.v.2006, leg Balke

& Manaono (PNG 53)’; 1 ĝ, 2 99, ‘Papua New Guinea: Madang, Adelbert Mts.,

creek nr Keki, 790 m, 04°42'300"S 145°25'08"9E, 28.xi.2006, Binatang Research

Center team leg. (PNG 53a)’ (ZSM; NARI).

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 51

Fig. 1. Copelatus adelbert sp. n.: photo of habitus in anterior-dorsolateral view to

illustrate colouration of dorsal surface (Paratype, total length 6.3 mm).

Diagnosis. Medium sized, with smooth pronotum and elytra in both sexes;

with conspicuous bright orange bands on roughly anterior and posterior thirds

of elytron; median lobe of aedeagus of complex type, composed of several

sclerites. Based on the lack of dorsal strioles or striae, this species belongs to

the Copelatus hydroporoides group, which has 51 species globally (Nilsson

2016). The only species known from the eastern Old World is the Oriental C.

sibelaemontis Hajek et al., 2010, from the Moluccas, which differs from the

new species by the much darker colouration, shape of the male genitalia and,

with a TL 4.6-5.0 mm, a smaller size than C. adelbert sp. n. (> 6.0 mm).

Description. Male. Habitus (Figs 1-2a). Body oval, slightly attenuated

posteriorly, dorsoventrally depressed; broadest near mid length; lateral

outline continuous in dorsal aspect.

Measurements and ratios (minimum-maximum, mean), in mm (n = 4): HL

0.4-0.5, 0.5; HW 1.7-1.8, 1.7; PL 0.7-0.8, 0.8; PW 2.8, 2.8; PW/PL 0.4, 0.4;

EL 5.0-5.2, 5.1; EW 3.1-3.2, 3.1; TL/EW 2.0-2.1, 2.0; TL 6.3-6.4, 6.3.

Colour. Head orange. Pronotum very dark brown to blackish, anteriorly paler,

laterally orange. Elytra very dark brown to blackish, with orange band

covering about one quarter of the elytra at the base, and about one third of the

elytra at the posterior end (Figs 1-2a). Venter very dark brown to blackish.

Sculpture and punctation. Entire dorsal side with fine, widely spaced

punctures. Pronotum with transverse row of coarser punctures along base;

posterior margin less densely punctate. Elytra with three longitudinal rows of

widely spaced punctures generally extending to apex, one extending parallel

to elytral starting at around base meeting the corner of scutellum.

Metaventrite with transverse wrinkles on either side of median ridge.

52 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Metacoxal plate with short strioles, more or less longitudinal anteriorly but

pointing slightly towards metacoxal process posteriorly. Abdominal ventrites

with strioles. Last ventrite with one short row of numerous long setae towards

edges.

Fig. 2. Copelatus adelbert sp. n.: (a) male habitus; (b) median lobe in left lateral view;

left paramere in lateral view.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 53

Structure. Antennae not modified, filiform. Prosternal process without setae,

lanceolate and slightly convex, not reaching middle of mesocoxal cavity.

Prosternum with setae on either side, long on central part of base and shorter

either side. Protibia without ventrobasal emargination (not arcuate). Protarsus

with five rows of setae bearing suction palettes (total 24 palettes).

Protarsomere V slightly concave ventrally with notch at posterior edge and

central band of dense short setae from anterior to posterior edges.

Median lobe of aedeagus broadened in middle part, with apex strongly

modified (Figs 2b-d); parameres narrow, with inner margin setose at

midlength (Figs 2e-f).

Female. Same as male but with protarsomeres not bearing suction palettes.

Female measurements and ratios (minimum-maximum, mean), in mm (n =

2): HL 0.4, 0.4; HW 1.7, 1.7; PL 0.7, 0.7; PW 2.7, 2.7; PW/PL 0.4, 0.4; EL

4.8-5.0, 4.9; EW 3.0, 3.0; TL/EW 2.1, 2.1; TL 5.9-6.1, 6.0.

Distribution. The species is endemic to the Adelbert Mountains in Papua

New Guinea (Fig. 3).

() 200 400

~ Km Re

Fig. 3. Distribution of Copelatus adelbert sp. n. in Papua New Guinea.

Habitat. Collected from small puddles along forest creeks; the ground was

red clay with sand, gravel and sometimes leaves (Fig. 4). Other aquatic

beetles present were Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae: genus

Exocelina Broun.

Etymology. Named after the Adelbert Mountain Range where the species was

discovered. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in

apposition.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

Fig. 4. Habitat of Copelatus adelbert sp. n., stream setting around Keki Lodge and

small puddle at the edge of the streambed which is inhabited by the beetles.

Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1) 55

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by DFG BA2152/11-1, 11-2 and 22-1 M. Balke.

Funding has also been provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation

through a HERMES fellowship to Y. Megna as well as by a UK DARWIN

INITIATIVE project (‘Training the next generation of PNG conservation

biologists’) to Alan Stewart. We thank Prof. Vojtech Novotny and his entire

team at the PNG Binatang Research Center for his generous assistance during

M. Balke’s expeditions to PNG. We thank in particular Moyang Okira, who

is a local landowner and operator of the Keki birdwatching and ecotourism

lodge close to the type locality. Without his extreme dedication to

conservation of the area, we might never have been able to travel there and

conduct field training courses. Thanks also to Helena Shaverdo (Vienna) and

Jirí Hajek (Prague) for useful comments on the manuscript.

References

BALKE, M., RIBERA, I. and VOGLER, A.P. 2004. MtDNA phylogeny and biogeography of

Copelatinae, a highly diverse group of tropical diving beetles (Dytiscidae). Molecular

Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 866-880.

GUEORGUIEV, V.B. 1968. Essai de classification des coléoptères Dytiscidae. I. Tribus

Copelatini (Colymbetinae). Izvestija na Zoologitjeskija Institut s Musei Sofia 28: 5-45.

GUIGNOT, F. 1961. Revision des hydrocanthares d’Afrique (Coleoptera Dytiscoidea). 3.

Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Série 8vo (Sciences Zoologiques) 90: 659-995.

HAJEK, J., HENDRICH, L., HAWLITSCHEK, O. and BALKE, M. 2010. Copelatus

sibelaemontis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) from the Moluccas with generic assignment

based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae

50(2): 437-443.

MEGNA, Y.S. and EPLER, J.H. 2012. A review of Copelatus from Cuba, with the descriptions

of two new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis

Pragae 52(2): 383-410.

NILSSON, A.N. 2016. A World catalogue of the Family Dytiscidae, or the diving beetles

(Coleoptera, Adephaga). Version 1.1.2016, 1, 1-300 (Accessed 8 Nov. 2016). Available from:

http://www.norrent.se and www.waterbeetles.eu

SHARP, D. 1882. On aquatic carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscidae. Scientific Transactions of

the Royal Dublin Society 2(2): 179-1003.

56 Australian Entomologist, 2017, 44 (1)

BOOK REVIEW

Keys to the tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-East Asia by

R.A.I. Drew and M.C. Romig. CAB International, Wallingford, November

2016, vii + 487 pp. Hardback. ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 419 6. Price £125.

This volume, a companion to the same authors’ 2013 “Tropical fruit flies of South-

East Asia’ contains identification keys to the 423 known species of the tephritid fruit

fly genera Bactrocera, Dacus, Ichneumonopsis and Monacrostichus recorded from

South and Southeast Asia as far east as northwestern New Guinea.

The Introduction contains one of the most important aspects of this volume — a

comprehensive rejection of the recently proposed synonymy of Bactrocera invadens

Drew, Tsuruta & White and B. papayae Drew & Hancock with B. dorsalis (Hendel),

with the first two properly returned to species status. This section ably highlights the

danger of relying too heavily on limited and incomplete molecular data at the expense

of morphological and biological information, which provide better insights into

species limits within the Dacinae, especially in difficult groups such as the dorsalis

complex. One new synonymy is proposed in subgenus Zeugodacus, with the latter’s

recent elevation to genus also rejected. This is followed by a table detailing the known

lure responses (cue, methyl eugenol, ‘other’ or unknown) for all recognised species.

A section illustrating in detail the morphological characters used in the keys precedes

the main section of the book: the profusely illustrated dichotomous keys to genera,

subgenera and, in some cases, species complexes. The morphological section includes

(Fig. 5) illustrations of scutal variation within B. invadens, providing further

assistance in separating this very variable species from the less variable B. dorsalis.

The illustrations within the keys are as informative as those used in several (now

outdated) computer-based keys (but more user-friendly) and a high degree of success

in identification is attainable even for users not skilled in dacine taxonomy.

Separate keys are provided for the dorsalis and nigrotibialis complexes in subgenus

Bactrocera and the scutellaris and tau complexes in subgenus Zeugodacus. Although

the dorsalis complex still remains difficult and in some cases might require several

specimens to be sure, the keys in this volume are the most reliable way of identifying

some of the World’s most serious and invasive horticultural pests. I found only one

(minor) error: the Moluccan species B. (Asiadacus) absoluta (Walker) has supra-alar

setae present and will run near B. (Parasinodacus) eurylomata (Hardy).

The book concludes with a list of references and an appendix detailing subgeneric

changes made since the 2013 volume (more are in progress). The taxonomic

placements in the 2013 volume have been retained in the present one so as to enable

consistency and ready accessibility of the more detailed information (descriptions,

distributions and host plants) provided in the former.

This is a worthy companion to the authors’ 2013 volume and will form an

indispensable part of the library of any person or Organisation involved in dacine

taxonomy, identification and, particularly, biosecurity. It is highly recommended.

Reviewed by D.L. Hancock, Cairns

ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTICES

Items for insertion should be sent to the Business Manager who reserves the

right to alter, reject or charge for notices.

NOTES FOR AUTHORS

Manuscripts submitted for publication can be submitted as either hardcopies

or electronically. Three copies (double spaced text and illustrations) of

hardcopy manuscripts should be submitted. Manuscripts submitted in digital

format should be sent in Microsoft Word. Digital illustrations should be sent

initially as low resolution images in a separate Word file, as low resolution

JPEGs, or as low resolution PDF files, with figure numbers indicated clearly

for each figure. High resolution TIFFs or JPEGs (300 dpi at print size) must be

provided at the time of acceptance of the manuscript. Digital manuscripts may

be sent via email to geoff.monteith@bigpond.com. Hardcopy manuscripts

and digital manuscripts on disc should be sent to:

The Business Manager,

The Australian Entomologist

P.O. Box 537

Indooroopilly, Qld, 4068

Authors should refer to recent issues for layout and style. All papers will be

forwarded to two referees and the editor reserves the right to reject any paper

considered unsuitable.

It is editorial policy that usage of taxonomic nomenclature will comply with the

mandatory provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

From 2017, publication costs to authors will be free for the first ten pages and

$10 per page for additional pages. This covers unlimited use of colour which is

encouraged. These costs include the supply of a pdf copy of the paper and 10

hardcopy reprints to the senior author. Papers occupying one printed page or

less may be accepted without charge if no reprints are required. Reprints may be

supplied for one page papers at the normal cost, by arrangement. Page charges

may be reduced at the discretion of the Publications Committee. An application for

reduction must be made, with reasons, at the time of acceptance of the manuscript.

Further information for authors is given on the ESQ website at

http://www.esq.org.au/pdf/guide to _authors2016.pdf

Printed by Bayfield Printing, Unit 6/60 Kremzow Rd, Brendale, Q 4500, Ph: 1300 685 820

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THE AUSTRALIAN

Entomologist

Volume 44, Part 1, 27 March 2017

DOWNES, M.F., SKEVINGTON, J.H. and

THOMPSON, F.C.

A new ant inquiline flower fly (Diptera: Syrphidae: Pipizinae) from

Australia

HANCOCK, D.L. and WHITMORE, D.

New species and records of Diplochorda Osten Sacken (Diptera:

Tephritidae: Phytalmiinae) from the island of New Guinea

MEGNA, Y.S., ATTHAKOR, W., MANAONO, M.,

HENDRICH, L. and BALKE, M.

A new species of Copelatus Erichson, 1832 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae:

Copelatinae) from the Adelbert Range of Papua New Guinea

MEYER, C.E., BROWN, S.S., KNIGHT, A.I. and

BROWN, A.L.

First record of Taenaris catops turdula Fruhstorfer, 1914

(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Amathusiinae) from Dauan Island,

Torres Strait, Queensland

PETRIE, E. and MOORE, A.S.

New distribution and foodplant observations for butterflies

(Lepidoptera) in New South Wales

TENNENT, W.J.

A new subspecies of Delias caliban Grose Smith, 1897

(Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from Normanby Island, D’Entrecasteaux

Group, Papua New Guinea

BOOK REVIEW

ISSN 1320 6133

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