Editorial Committee

P.I.Forster (editor)

G.P.Guymer (technical advisor)

D.A.Halford (technical advisor)

Graphic Design

Will Smith

Desktop Publishing

Aniceta Cardoza

Austrobaileya

Vol. 1, No. 1 was published on 1 December 1977

Vol. 10, No. 3 was published on 23 August 2019 and is available online at

https: //www. qld. gov. au/Austrobailey a

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addressed to: The Editor, Austrobaileya, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment

and Science (DES), Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066,

Australia. Email: Paul.Forster@des.qld.gov.au

ISSN 0155-4131

Web site: https://www.qld.gov.au/Austrobaileya

Austrobaileya is the journal of the Queensland Herbarium and publishes peer-reviewed research

on plants, algae, fungi and lichens (systematics, morphology, geography, anatomy, karyology,

conservation biology and botanical history), with special emphasis on taxa from Queensland.

Opinions expressed by authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the policies or

view of the Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science.

Contents

Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson (Droseraceae, Drosera section Prolifera

C. T.White), a spectacular new species of sundew from the Cape York

Peninsula bioregion, Queensland

M.T. Mathieson & S.L. Thompson . 549-557

Acacia lespedleyi P.I.Forst. (Mimosaceae), a new and geographically

restricted species from south-east Queensland

P.I. Forster . 558-563

A taxonomic revision of Camptacra N.T.Burb. (Asteraceae: Astereae)

A.R. Bean . 564-575

A taxonomic revision of the genus Lagenophora Cass. (Asteraceae: Astereae )

in New Guinea

J. Wang & A.R. Bean . 576-582

Lobelia fenshamii N.G.Walsh & Albr. and L. fontana Albr. & N.G.Walsh

(Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae ), two new species endemic to artesian

springs in central and south-western Queensland

D. E. Albrecht, N.G. Walsh, R.W. Jobson & E.B. Knox . 583-593

Denhamia megacarpa J. J.Halford & Jessup and D. peninsularis J. J.Halford

& Jessup (Celastraceae), two new species from Queensland

J.J. Halford & L.W. Jessup . 594-603

A taxonomic reassessment of Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng. (Ericaceae)

with the description of two new species S. cognata A.R.Bean and S.

lucens A.R.Bean

A. R. Bean . 604-611

Bulbine fraseri Kunth (Asphodelaceae) reinstated and distinguished from B.

bulbosa (R.Br.) Haw. in eastern Australia

P.F. Horsfall & D.E. Albrecht .612-620

Zieria abscondita P.I.Forst. (Rutaceae), a new and geographically restricted

species from south-east Queensland

P.I. Forster . 621-627

Clarification of species boundaries within the Ptilotus royceanus Beni

(Amaranthaceae) group

T.A. Hammer, R.W. Davis & K.R. Thiele . 628-638

Endiandra inopinata B.Gray (Lauraceae), a new species from Queensland’s

Wet Tropics

B. Gray . 639-644

Taxonomic notes on the Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. group (Myrtaceae)

in Queensland

A.R. Bean

645-655

A taxonomic revision of Olearia elliptica DC. (Asteraceae: Astereae) with the

description of two new species O.fulgens A.R.Bean and O. praetermissa

(P.S.Green) A.R.Bean

A.R. Bean . 656-662

Lectotypification of three species names of Australian Alpinia Roxb.

(Zingiberaceae)

A.R. Bean .663-664

Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson (Droseraceae, Drosera

section Prolifera C.T.White), a spectacular new species

of sundew from the Cape York Peninsula bioregion

Michael T. Mathieson & Simon L. Thompson

Summary

Mathieson, M.T. & Thompson, S.L. (2020). Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson (Droseraceae,

Drosera section Prolifera C.T.White), a spectacular new species of sundew from the Cape York

Peninsula bioregion. Austrobaileya 10(4): 549-557. Drosera buubugujin is described as new. It is a

terrestrial herb known only from Muundhi and Juunju Daarrba Nhirrpan National Parks (Cape York

Peninsula Aboriginal Land - CYPAL) in northern Queensland and is readily distinguished from any

other members of the genus by its unique combination of characters. The species is illustrated and

diagnosed herein. A key is provided to the species of Drosera section Prolifera. Its conservation

status is assessed and a status of Critically Endangered is recommended.

Key Words: Droseraceae; Drosera .; Drosera buubugujin, Australia flora; Queensland flora; new

species; taxonomy; identification key; conservation status

M.T. Mathieson, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: michael.mathieson@des.

qld.gov.au

S.L. Thompson, Queensland Parks & Wildlife Service and Partnerships, Department of Environment

and Science, PO Box 4597, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. Email: simon.thompson@des.qld.

gov.au

Introduction

Queensland’s Wet Tropics bioregion hosts

a multitude of unique flora including the

three species of sundew comprising Drosera

section Prolifera C.T.White (White 1940;

Schlauer 1996; Lowrie et al. 2017a,b;),

viz. Drosera adelae F.Muell., D. prolifera

C.T.White and D. schizandra Diels. These

species are commonly known amongst

sundew enthusiasts as “The Three Sisters”

(Nunn & Bourke 2017) and “the rainforest

Drosera ” (Lavarack 1979; Lowrie 2013).

During surveys of the south-eastern

areas of the Cape York Peninsula bioregion,

a distinctive, unnamed, fourth species of

this section was discovered and is described

here. The initial collections of this Drosera

were made by Muundhi and Juunju People in

conjunction with CYPTRP botanist Simon

Thompson and consultant botanist David Fell

during biodiversity assessments of Muundhi,

Juunju Daarrba Nhirrpan and Biniir National

Parks (CYPAL). Discoveries like this

highlight the importance of CYPTRP support

and the exciting biodiversity within the

Buubu Gujin Aboriginal Corporation lands.

The engagement with the Traditional Owners

in the field work and the naming of the plant

provides confidence to indigenous people that

their knowledge, skills and biodiversity are

respected and secure within the CYPTRP

program, and has value for the science

community as a whole.

Materials and methods

This research is based on a study of

herbarium specimens and associated spirit

collection at BRI, and field studies at the type

and single other currently known locality.

All measurements have been made from

live material or material preserved in spirit.

Dimensions of measurements are inclusive,

viz. 1.0-1.7 is given as 1-1.7.

Accepted for publication 24 February 2020

550

Field work was conducted in conjunction

with the Department of Aboriginal and

Torres Strait Islander Partnerships’ Cape

York Peninsula Tenure Resolution Program

(CYPTRP) which has handed back over 3.7

million hectares of Cape York Peninsula to

the Traditional Owners of the land. This area

includes over 2.1 million hectares of National

Park (Cape York Peninsula Aboriginal

Land) (NP (CYPAL)). The program provides

post handback support to Land Trusts and

Aboriginal Corporations involved. Support

projects include governance, natural resource

management and biodiversity assessment.

Electron microscopy (Queensland

University of Technology-Gardens Point,

Brisbane, Qld, Australia) was performed

and images captured by MTM using Zeiss

Sigma VP Field Emission scanning electron

microscope with an Oxford X-Max 50 Silicon

Drift (SDD) EDS detector. Extra-high tension

(EHT) voltage level in all cases was 5 kV,

with a working distance of between 7.5 and

9.5 mm.

Taxonomy

Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson sp. nov.

with affinity to D. schizandra , but differing by

the lateral inflorescence presentation, smaller

flowers, shortly and thickly bilobed anther

filaments, white to creamy white anthers and

pollen, and predominantly oblanceolate to

obovate leaf shape. Typus: Queensland. Cook

District: Muundhi National Park (CYPAL),

NNW of Cooktown, 19 August 2016, M.T.

Mathieson MTM2558, S. Thompson & S.

Chapman (holo: BRI [4 sheets + spirit]; iso:

CNS distribuendi). [Exact locality withheld

for conservation purposes].

Perennial herb with rosettes of mature

individuals (7-) 10-26 (-30) cm in diameter

with 4-12 active leaves, often asymmetrically

arranged. Roots fleshy, terete, sparsely

branched, covered with black-brown scales.

Plantlets may form from the roots if these

are damaged. Stipules somewhat triangular,

Austrobaileya 10 ( 4 ): 549-557 ( 2020 )

laciniate, dissected, 1.5-2.5 mm long,

positioned on the upper surface adnate to the

leaf base. Leaves with petiole to 16 mm long

when present, or sessile; lamina of mature

(flowering or flowering-sized) plants semi-

erect, decumbent or prostrate, oblanceolate or

obovate (25-) 30-142 (-150) mm long, (10-)

12-38 (-40) mm at widest point, entire, bright

dark green to yellowish-green depending

on age and solar exposure. Adaxial lamina

surface covered in translucent, white to pink

trichomes (1.2-) 1.5-3.8 (-4.1) mm long,

each with a distal, ellipsoid, red gland 0.2-

0.5 mm long, producing copious quantities

of mucilaginous digestive fluid when

active; surface veins with extremely sparse

(sometimes absent) eglandular or minutely

glandular red hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long; mid

vein prominent on both surfaces but more so

on the abaxial surface; secondary venation

more prominently raised on abaxial surface.

Abaxial lamina surface veins with sparse,

red, eglandular or minutely glandular hairs

0.2-1 mm long. Damaged or detached leaves

may produce plantlets from the margins

before decaying if somewhat adpressed to the

substrate surface. Juvenile leaves, referring

to the first few new leaves of plantlets formed

during vegetative reproduction or potentially a

seedling, to c. 20 mm long, distinctly petiolate

with an orbicular to broadly oval lamina with

the lamina usually only slightly longer than

the petiole. Inflorescence a scorpioid cyme,

1-5 per rosette, variably 110-420 mm long,

arising laterally from the leaf axils near

the centre of the rosette, held semi-erect to

horizontal, bearing 6-38 flowers spaced 4-14

mm apart. Peduncles 65-120 mm long covered

in short, eglandular or minutely glandular

hairs; bracts linear 1.5-2 mm long, largely

glabrous, occasionally with a few eglandular

hairs on the abaxial surface; pedicels 2.5-3.5

mm long, indumentum similar to peduncles.

A plantlet consistently forms at the tip of the

inflorescence as flowering completes (as in D.

prolifera ), resulting in largely clonal colonies.

Sepals lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm

wide at base, becoming slightly wider at the

Mathieson & Thompson, Drosera buubugujin

centre before tapering to an acuminate apex,

margins entire, occasionally slightly undulate

and, rarely, minutely ragged towards the apex,

adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface with

short hairs. Petals obovate, 2-2.5 mm long,

1.6-1.8 mm at widest point towards the apex,

deep red-purple, margins entire, rarely a little

undulate, apex minutely crenate to entire,

often retuse to emarginate, becoming reflexed

with age. Stamens 5 (-6), 1.2-1.5 mm long,

reflexed; filaments red, widening in upper

half becoming shortly and thickly bilobed;

anthers and pollen white to creamy-white.

Ovary obovoid, 0.65-0.8 mm long, 0.7-0.8

mm diameter at anthesis, yellowish-green

to yellowish-pink. Styles 3 (-4), 0.2-0.25

mm long, bilobed, occasionally trilobed near

apex, arms 0.15-0.2 mm long; pinkish-red

lower half, white to yellowish white nearing

truncate apex. Stigmas papillose. Seed 1

ovoid, tapered at the apices, c. 0.6 mm long

and 0.4 mm wide, black, surface reticulate.

Figs. 1-3.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. Cook

District: Juunju Daarrba Nhirrpan NP (CYPAL),

NNW of Cooktown, Dec 2015, Thompson SLT15151 et

al. (BRI); ibid , Aug 2016, Mathieson MTM2561 et al.

(BRI); Muundhi NP (CYPAL), NNW of Cooktown, Aug

2014, Thompson SLT14659 & Fell (BRI); ibid , Dec 2015,

Thompson SLT15127 et al. (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Drosera

buubugujin is endemic to the sandstone mesas

and escarpments of Muundhi and Juunju

Dhaarrba Nhirrpan National Parks (CYPAL),

north north-west of Cooktown, north

Queensland. The species grows on the banks

of streams in gallery forest (Fig. 4) through

551

sandstone gullies and ravines on sand and

humus, generally amongst mosses. It has also

been observed growing on sandstone cliff's

and ledges where springs and seeps provide

a constant water source. At times during the

wet season, plants adjacent to streams would

be inundated by flowing water, conceivably to

a depth well above the height of the plant.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits are recorded

for August through to December.

Affinities'. Drosera buubugujin belongs to

Drosera Section Prolifera and most closely

resembles D. schizandra. It differs from

D. schizandra by the following characters:

Leaf shape widely variable, oblanceolate

(predominantly) or obovate (vs. generally

obovate in D. schizandra ), flower diameter

4.5-5.5 mm (vs. 10-13 mm in D. schizandra ),

inflorescence emerging laterally, up to c. 400

mm long with up to 35 flowers (vs. generally

erect, up to 150 mm long with up to 20 flowers

in D. schizandra ), anther filaments shortly and

thickly bilobed (vs. deeply and widely bilobed

(distinctly Y-shaped) in D. schizandra ), pollen

white-creamy white (vs. pollen yellow-orange

in D. schizandra). Flowers of D. buubugujin

and D. schizandra are shown in Fig. 5 and

Fig. 6 respectively. The other species within

Drosera section Prolifera are less like D.

buubugujin , differing in the following ways:

D. prolifera has a reniform leaf lamina with

a distinct petiole at maturity while D. adelae

has a narrowly lanceolate leaf lamina (vs. an

oblanceolate, obovate or oblong-obovate leaf

lamina that is barely or not petiolate in D.

buubugujin ); D. adelae had broadly lanceolate

petals with an acuminate apex (vs. obovate

petals in D. buubugujin ).

Note that only a single seed was found despite searching many tens of specimens

552

Austrobaileya 10 ( 4 ): 549-557 ( 2020 )

Fig. 1. Drosera buubugujin. A. whole plant x0.6. B-E. mature leaves *0.8. F. juvenile leaf x4. G. glandular trichome

without fluid xl6. H. glandular hair with fluid xl6.1. & J. stipules xl6. All from Mathieson MTM2558 et al. (BRI). Scale

bar = 10 mm at xl magnification. Del. W. Smith andN. Crosswell.

Mathieson & Thompson, Drosera buubugujin

553

Fig. 2. Drosera buubugujin. A. inflorescence (in part) x3. B. flower xl2. C. flower from the side xl2. D. style arm x60.

E. ovary and style x36. F. anther x36. G. petal x24. H. sepal x24. All from Mathieson MTM2558 et al. (BRI). Scale bar

= 10 mm at xl magnification. Del. W. Smith andN. Crosswell.

554

Austrobaileya 10(4): 549-557 (2020)

A key to species in Drosera section Prolifer a 2

1 Mature leaf lamina lanceolate or reniform; abaxial surface of sepals glabrous.2

1. Mature leaf lamina obovate, oblanceolate or oblong-obovate; abaxial

surface of sepals with trichomes.3

2 Mature leaf lamina reniform, distinctly petiolate.D. prolifera

2. Mature leaf lamina lanceolate.D. adelae

3 Mature leaf lamina generally obovate; inflorescence generally emerging

and being held erect, rarely forming a plantlet at the distal tip; flowers

10-13 mm in diameter, petals 5-6.5 mm long; anther filaments deeply

and widely bilobed (distinctly Y-shaped), pollen yellow-orange.D. schizandra

3. Mature leaf lamina oblanceolate (predominantly) or obovate; inflorescence

emerging laterally and held semi-erect or horizontally, consistently

forming a plantlet at the distal tip after flowering; flowers to 4.5-5.5 mm

diameter, petals to 2-2.5 mm long; anther filaments shortly and

thickly bilobed, pollen white to creamy white.D. buubugujin

Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscope image of Drosera

buubugujin seed (Mathieson MTM2558 etal., BRI).

Note : During the study of herbarium material

for this work, a single seed was found on a

specimen of Drosera schizandra , a feature

not previously reported (Lowrie et al.

2017b). Despite some disfiguration due to the

specimen drying process, this seed closely

resembles that of D. buubugujin in size, shape

and surface morphology.

Conservation status : Drosera buubugujin

is known from two locations within close

proximity of one another; both within

National Park (CYPAL) tenure. It has not been

encountered elsewhere despite numerous

further surveys in similar habitats since 2016

(H. Hines, pers. comm.; S.L. Thompson,

pers. obs .). It is possible the species may

occur elsewhere in the adjacent ranges given

the potential extent of appropriate habitat

that exists. However, all related species

in the same section appear to have highly

restricted ranges (Lowrie et al. 2017a,b). The

distribution of these four species is shown in

Map 1.

2 Based on Lowrie (2013) and Lowrie et al. (2017a,b)

Mathieson & Thompson, Drosera buubugujin

555

Fig, 4. Drosera buubugujin growing in habitat on a stream bank, Muundhi National Park. Photo: M.T. Mathieson.

Fig. 5. Flowers of Drosera buubugujin , Muundhi Fig. 6. Flowers of Drosera schizandra , Wooroonooran

National Park, c. 5 mm in diameter. Photo: M.T. National Park, c. 12 mm in diameter. Photo: M.T.

Mathieson. Mathieson.

556

The population size at the type locality is

difficult to estimate given the largely clonal

nature of the species but is possibly between

500 and 1000 genetically distinct plants

occupying an area of less than 0.5 hectare.

The second population is smaller. Repeated

fire events may threaten this species not

only by directly destroying plants and the

riparian habitat to which the species seems

strictly bound, but also by encouraging the

encroachment of introduced, hyperinvasive

grasses (viz. giant rat’s tail grass Sporobolus

pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc., grader grass

Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze and

gamba grass Andropogon gayanus Kunth),

the rampant herbaceous weed Praxelis

clematidea R.M.King & H.Rob. and lantana

Lantana camara L. Applying criteria of

the IUCN (IUCN 2012), the recommended

conservation status is Critically Endangered

(CR: Bla, b(ii), (iii) and B2a, b(ii), (iii)) due

to small extent of occurrence and area of

occupancy in conjunction with observed and

inferred negative impacts of fire.

Etymology : This species is named after the

Buubu Gujin Aboriginal Corporation lands,

which include Muundhi and Juunju Daarrba

Nhirrpan National Parks (CYPAL) where it

was collected.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Buubu

Gujin Traditional Owners for inviting us onto

their lands and providing cultural guidance as

well as the Buubu Gujin Corporation Directors

for approving the use of the species name at

Joint Management and Corporation meetings.

Collections of this species were made in

conjunction with the Traditional Owners

of Muundhi and Juunju Daarrba Nhirrpan

NPs (CYPAL). The following people and

Austrobaileya 10(4): 549-557 (2020)

organisations are thanked for their assistance

that made the survey possible: Debbie and

Sally Chapman, Kieren Henderson and the

Traditional Owners of the National Parks

(CYPAL) that were surveyed; Ian McConnell

(Department of Environment & Science,

CYPTRP); QPWS rangers Chris Wall, Andy

Baker & Janine White; Will Smith and Nicole

Crosswell for the illustrations; David Fell,

Ian Brown & Geoff Luscombe for support

during surveys; Cheyne Fendon for helicopter

services; and Gordon Guymer & David

Halford (BRI) for logistical and field support.

References

Iucn (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria:

Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN: Gland/

Cambridge.

Lavarack, P S. (1979). Rainforest Drosera of North

Queensland. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter

8(2): 61-64.

Lowrie, A. (2013). Carnivorous Plants of Australia

Magnum Opus - Volumes 1-3. Redfern Natural

History Productions: Poole.

Lowrie, A., Nunn, R., Robinson, A., Bourke, G.,

McPherson, S. & Fleishmann, A. (2017a).

Drosera of the World, Volume 1: Oceania.

Redfern Natural History Productions: Poole.

Lowrie, A., Robinson, A., Nunn, R., Rice, B., Bourke,

G., Gibson, R., McPherson, S. & Fleishmann,

A. (2017b). Drosera of the World, Volume

2: Oceania, Asia, Europe, North America.

Redfern Natural History Productions: Poole.

Nunn, R. & Bourke, G. (2017). An account of

Drosera Section Prolifera. Carnivorous Plant

Newsletter 46(3): 92-100.

Schlauer, J. (1996). A dichotomous key to the genus

Drosera L. (Droseraceae). Carnivorous Plant

Newsletter 25(2): 67-88.

White, C.T. (1940). A new type of sundew from North

Queensland, The Victorian Naturalist 57: 94-

95.

Mathieson & Thompson, Drosera buubugujin

557

Map 1 . Distribution of the four species of Drosera section Prolifera. D. adelae A, D. buubugujin ■, D. prolifera ♦,

D. schizandra #. Protected areas are shaded.

Acacia lespedleyi P.I.Forst. (Mimosaceae), a new and

geographically restricted species from south-east Queensland

Paul I. Forster

Summary

Forster, P.I. (2020). Acacia lespedleyi P.I.Forst. (Mimosaceae), a new and geographically restricted

species from south-east Queensland. Austrobaileya 10(4): 558-563. The new species Acacia

lespedleyi , with distinctive minni-ritchi bark, is described and illustrated. It is postulated to be allied

to Acacia curranii Maiden and A. rhodoxylon Maiden. Acacia lespedleyi is known from two small

subpopulations on an unusual substrate derived from duricrust and granite, west of Eidsvold in south¬

east Queensland and is considered to be Critically Endangered.

Key Words: Leguminosae; Mimosaceae; Acacia ; Acacia lespedleyi ; Australia flora; Queensland

flora; taxonomy; new species; conservation status; critically endangered; duricrust

P.I. Forster, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: paul.forster@des.qld.

gov.au

Introduction

The genus Acacia Mill, is the most speciose

genus in the Queensland vascular flora with

over 300 species known, another ten having

been recently described (Pedley 2019). As

alluded to in that paper much taxonomic

work remains, this relates not only to species

circumscriptions, but to the testing of

species groupings and the elucidation of the

component taxa within.

The new species of wattle described in

this paper (Figs. 1-4) was first collected

during a botanical assessment of the property

‘Telemark’ west of Eidsvold in south-east

Queensland in 2006. Although Les Pedley

recognised the material as representing an

undescribed species, it did not result in formal

publication, so this is undertaken here with

the species named in honour of Les.

The close affinities of Acacia lespedleyi

P.I.Forst. are obscure, although it is clearly

part of Acacia section Juliflorae (Benth.)

C.Moore & Betche as applied by Pedley

(1978) due to the plurinerved phyllodes and

the flowers in spikes, and within the more

broadly circumscribed A. section Plurinerves

(Benth.) C.Moore & Betche (Pedley

1986). From a morphological perspective

A. lespedleyi shows some similarities to

particularly A. curranii Maiden and to a much

lesser extent A. rhodoxylon Maiden, with all

three species possessing ‘minni-ritchi’ bark

to some degree (Fig. 3). This bark type (thin

longitudinal pieces of bark that irregularly

abscise from the stems and hang in untidy

strips) is rarely encountered in wattle species

outside of the arid zone in Queensland. In the

Flora of Australia account A. curranii was

included in Group 5, Subgroup 12 (Tindale

& Kodela 2001) and A. rhodoxylon in Group

5, Subgroup 9 (Maslin 2001); although these

groups have not been rigorously tested using

molecular methods.

Materials and methods

The plant description in this paper is based

on specimen collections at the Queensland

Herbarium (BRI) and field observations by the

author in 2006. Dimensions of measurements

are inclusive, i.e. 1.0-1.7 is given as 1-1.7.

Accepted for publication 13 January 2020

Forster, Acacia lespedleyi

Taxonomy

Acacia lespedleyi RI.Forst., sp. nov. Similar

to A. curranii but differing in the flattened

phyllodes (versus linear and subterete) that

are glabrous (versus pubescent), the basal

gland being poorly developed and just above

the pulvinus (versus well developed and well

above the pulvinus), the glabrous flowers and

pods (versus pubescent). Typus: Queensland.

Burnett District: Telemark, 38 km W

of Eidsvold, 9 February 2006, P.I. Forster

PIF31234 (holo: BRI [2 sheets]; iso: MEL).

Shrubs to 3 m tall; bark minni-ritchi, in short

irregularly abscising longitudinal strips, red-

brown, aging grey. Branchlets weakly angular

towards apices, red-tan, waxy; young shoots

resinous, glabrous. Phyllodes erect, linear and

somewhat inequilateral with the upper margin

weakly convex, coriaceous, flattened, 32-138

mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide; longitudinally

striate with 24-28 non-anastomising veins

including a weakly prominent midrib and

2 other equidistant veins (one per side

of midrib), grey-green, waxy, glabrous;

gland single, rudimentary, immediately

above pulvinus; tip shortly apiculate, base

attenuate; pulvinus 2-3 mm long, somewhat

twisted, red-tan. Inflorescence spike a single

continuous raceme, 12-15 mm long, 3-4 mm

diameter; peduncles 2-3 mm long, glabrous,

waxy. Flowers 5-merous, golden yellow; calyx

± continuous and truncate, slightly dissected

for c. % of length, papillose, glabrous; corolla

0.8-1 mm long, dissected for c. 14 of length

with the lobes lanceolate-acute, 0.5-0.7 mm

long and c. 0.05 mm wide, glabrous, glandular

papillose on the margins and particularly at

the apex; filaments 1-1.2 mm long, anthers

c. 0.1 mm long; ovary papillose, glabrous.

Pods linear, coriaceous, 1-5-seeded, 12-42

mm long, 1-2 mm wide, curved and often

irregularly twisted, ± straight sided and

slightly constricted between seeds, glabrous.

Seeds not seen. Figs. 1-3.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland.

Burnett District: Telemark, 34 km W of Eidsvold,

Mar 2006, Forster PIF31360 (BRI); Telemark, 37 km

W of Eidsvold, Mar 2006, Forster PIF31353 (BRI);

ibid , Mar 2006, Forster PIF31357 (BRI); ibid , Sep 2006,

559

Rogers s.n. (BRI [AQ814938]); 40 km W of Eidsvold,

Telemark, Apr 2006, Ritchie & Houschildt s.n. (BRI

[AQ614778]).

Distribution and habitat : Acacia lespedleyi

is known from a single location comprising

two subpopulations about 2 km apart on

the pastoral property ‘Telemark’, west

of Eidsvold in the north Burnett district

of south-east Queensland. The habitat is

an open low forest (Fig. 4) dominated

variously by Allocasuarina inophloia

(F.Muell. & F.M.Bailey) L.A.S.Johnson,

Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill &

L.A.S.Johnson, C. trachyphloia (F.Muell.)

K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, Eucalyptus

cloeziana F.Muell., E. crebra F.Muell., E.

exserta F.Muell., E. fibrosa F.Muell. subsp.

fibrosa and Lysicarpus angustifolius (Hook.)

Druce on the unusual substrate of gravelly

soil derived from a mixture of decomposing

duricrust (Woolnough 1927, 1930; Dixon &

McLaren 2009) and granite. These woodlands

have a very sparse midstorey and understorey,

mainly of perennial woody legumes and

grasses.

Phenology : Acacia lespedleyi has been

collected in flower in September with old

pods persisting at least until March. The

pods collected to date all showed evidence

of vertebrate predation, probably by parrots

that are known to eat wattle seeds (Cameron

2007).

Affinities : Acacia lespedleyi is postulated to

be most closely allied to A. curranii with the

nearest recorded populations for that species

in shrubland on red sand, a good 160 km to

the southwest. Acacia curranii is immediately

distinct from A. lespedleyi by its strongly

resinous and generally pubescent foliage, the

linear, subterete (rarely flattened) phyllodes,

the basal gland being well above the pulvinus

and the heavily pubescent, ± straight pods.

Acacia lespedleyi is not noticeably resinous

(or only weakly so on the young shoots)

nor with pubescent foliage and flowers, the

phyllodes are flattened and the pods are

curved and glabrous.

560

Austrobaileya 10(4): 558-563 (2020)

Fig. 1. Acacia lespedleyi. A. habit of flowering branchlet x2. B. single phyllode showing most obvious venation

x5. C. detail of phyllode venation xio. D. base of phyllode at attachment to stem showing reduced pulvinus and

poorly developed gland xl5. E. inflorescence x5. F & G. views of dehisced pod x5. A & E from Rogers s.n. (BRI

[AQ814938]); B-D, F & G from Forster PIF31353 (BRI). Scale bar = 10 mm at xl magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

Forster, Acacia lespedleyi

561

Fig. 2. Foliage of Acacia lespedleyi (Forster PIF31234, BRI). Photo: PI. Forster.

Fig. 3. Bark of Acacia lespedleyi (Forster PIF31234, BRI). Photo: PI. Forster.

562

Austrobaileya 10(4): 558-563 (2020)

Fig. 4. Habitat of Acacia lespedleyi (locality of Forster PIF31234, BRI). Photo: PI. Forster.

Les Pedley suggested this species was also

possibly allied to Acacia rhodoxylon; however,

that species is very noticeably distinct in the

elliptic to oblanceolate phyllodes and the

narrowly oblong pods.

A further comparison can be made to

Acacia shir ley i Maiden that is often found

in similar environments further to the north

and west; however, that species doesn’t have

minni-ritchi bark (being more stringy), has

dissimilar phyllode venation (with only a

primary midrib and no other prominent

parallel side nerves), the inflorescence spikes

are interrupted and much longer (15-60 mm

long), and the calyx and ovary are noticeably

pubescent.

Notes : The occurrence of duricrust (a

precipitated surface crust) is sporadic

throughout the north Burnett and is sometimes

associated with local speciation, examples

being Acacia forsteri Pedley, Boronia

grimshawii Duretto and Zieria inexpectata

Duretto & PI.Forst. Those three species are

also known from single or few populations.

Conservation status : Using the IUCN

(2012) categories of conservation status,

Acacia lespedleyi can be listed as Critically

Endangered under the criteria Bl, B2 a, biii.

The species is known from one location with

two subpopulations about 2 km apart that

occupy less than 2 km 2 and was estimated

to number less than 500 mature individuals

Forster, Acacia lespedleyi

in 2006. The number of individuals varies

depending on fire history in the habitat,

although it is not known whether the species

is able to withstand low intensity burns.

While parts of the property ‘Telemark’ have

been placed in a Nature Refuge, this does not

include the two subpopulations of this Acacia

with the habitat being managed for cattle

production.

Etymology : Acacia lespedleyi is named for

Les Pedley (1930-2018), wattle specialist for

many years at the Queensland Herbarium.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Trevor Ritchie for facilitating

visits to the localities, the late Les Pedley

for discussion of this plant and to Nicole

Crosswell for the illustrations.

References

Cameron, M. (2007). Cockatoos. CSIRO Publishing:

Collingwood.

Dixon, J.C. & McLaren, S.J. (2009). Duricrusts.

In A.D. Abrahams & A.J. Parsons (eds.),

Geomorphology of Desert Environments , pp.

123-151. Springer: Dordrecht.

563

Iucn (2012). International Union for the Conservation of

Nature. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria,

version 3.1 , 2 nd ed. https://portals.iucn.org/

library/efiles/documents/RL-2001-001-2nd.pdf,

accessed 20 February 2018.

Maslin, B.R. (2001). Acacia rhodoxylon. In A.E.

Orchard & A.J.G. Wilson (eds.). Flora of

Australia 11B Mimosaceae Acacia Part 2: 268.

ABRS/CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

Pedley, L. (1978). A revision of Acacia Mill. In

Queensland (part 1). Austrobaileya 1: 75-235.

- (1986). Derivation and dispersal of Acacia

(Leguminosae), with particular reference to

Australia, and the recognition of Senegalia and

Racosperma. Botanical Journal of the Linnean

Society 92: 219-254.

- (2019). Notes on Acacia Mill. (Leguminosae:

Mimosoideae ), chiefly from Queensland, 6.

Austrobaileya 10: 297-320.

Tindale, M.D. & Kodela, PG. (2001). Acacia curranii.

In A.E. Orchard & A.J.G. Wilson (eds). Flora

of Australia 11B Mimosaceae Acacia Part 2:

287. ABRS/CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

Woolnough, W.G. (1927). The duricrust of

Australia. Journal and Proceedings of the

Royal Society of New South Wales 61: 24-53.

- (1930). Influence of climate and topography in

the formation and distribution of products of

weathering. Geological Magazine 67: 123-132.

A taxonomic revision of Camptacra

N.T.Burb. (Asteraceae: Astereae)

A.R. Bean

Summary

Bean, A.R. (2020). A taxonomic revision of Camptacra N.T.Burb. (Asteraceae: Astereae).

Austrobaileya 10(4): 564-575. The genus Camptacra N.T.Burb. is taxonomically revised. Four

species are recognised, including two newly named: C. perdita A.R.Bean and C. robusta A.R.Bean.

A lectotype is chosen for Eurybia gracilis Benth. All species are fully described with notes on

distribution (including maps), habitat and proposed conservation status. A key to the identification

of all species is provided.

Key Words: Asteraceae; Camptacra', Camptacra barbata, Camptacra gracilis ; Camptacra perdita ;

Camptacra robusta ; New Guinea flora, Australia flora; new species; identification key; distribution

maps

A.R. Bean, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: tony.bean@des.qld.gov.

Introduction

Camptacra N.T.Burb. is a small genus of

herbaceous or low-shrubby daises. It belongs

to the tribe Astereae, and is most closely related

to Vittadinia A.Rich., Peripleura (N.T.Burb.)

G.L.Nesom and Tetramolopium Nees

(Lowrey et al. 2001). It can be distinguished

from these genera by the slender, compressed

shallowly-ribbed achenes that are often

maroon or purplish when mature, the smooth

receptacle, and by the frequent presence of a

trifid apex on the leaves.

The genus was described by Burbidge

(1982) with two species, C. brachycomoides

(F.Muell.)N.T.Burb. and C. barbataNTBurb.

These species she distinguished largely on

the morphology of the involucral bracts. The

author split C. brachycomoides into three

“forms”, based on the varying indumentum

of the stems and leaves.

Lander (1987) published some new

combinations after finding that the name

Eurybia gracilis Benth. is referable to

Camptacra and concluded that C. gracilis

(Benth.) Lander and C. brachycomoides

Accepted for publication 3 February 2020

are synonymous. Despite Burbidge’s

comprehensive treatment of Camptacra (and

related genera) and the small size of the genus,

the identification of the constituent taxa has

remained surprisingly difficult. This is partly

because Burbidge’s key to her two recognised

species is difficult to use - it relies on

interpretation of several qualitative characters

of the capitulum and involucral bracts, and no

other part of the plant is mentioned. Also, it

seems likely that intergradation is occurring

between three species in the genus (the rarely

encountered C. perdita is the exception),

and there appear to be few characters where

discontinuities are evident. The net result has

been general confusion about the identity of

many Camptacra specimens.

Another complication has been the

misapplication of the name Olearia arguta

var. lanata Benth. in Queensland since the

1990s. This taxon is in fact endemic to the

Northern Territory and Western Australia,

and is characterised most easily by the

dense glandular hairs on the leaves and

peduncles, and the relatively large leaves.

The Queensland plants that have gone under

this name do not have any glandular hairs,

and are merely a particularly hairy form of

Camptacra robusta. Their generic status has

565

Bean, Camptacra

been confirmed by two molecular studies on

the phylogeny of Tribe Astereae (Lowrey et

al. 2001; Cross et al, 2002).

Materials and methods

This study is based on an examination of

herbarium specimens at the Queensland

Herbarium (BRI), as well as material received

on loan from CANB, DNA and MEL. High-

quality images of type specimens from K and

W have also been examined and are indicated

as i.d.v. (imago digitalis visa).

Measurements made on the leaves, stems,

peduncles and involucral bracts are based on

dried material. Measurements of floral parts

are based on material preserved in spirit, or

reconstituted with boiling water. Dimensions

are inclusive, i.e. 1-1.7 indicates 1.0-1.7.

In the specimen citations, abbreviations

include Mt (Mountain or Mount) and NP

(National Park).

Taxonomy

Camptacra N.T.Burb., Brunonia 5: 11

(1982). Type: C. brachycomoides (F.Muell.)

N.T.Burb.

Perennial shrubs or herbs, stems ribbed, woolly

hairs frequent, glandular hairs uncommon.

Leaves alternate, sessile, entire or with short

lobes, apex usually acute to apiculate, but a

minority of leaves with apex trifid; sessile

glands uncommon. Peduncles longer than the

leaves, bearing a single capitulum; involucral

bracts 3-5-seriate; receptacle convex,

smooth, epaleate; all florets fertile. Ray

florets in 1-2 rows, female, conspicuously

ligulate; glabrous except for sparse antrorse

eglandular or glandular hairs near junction

of tube and ligule; style 2-branched, not

conspicuously swollen at base but set into an

erect nectary disc. Disc florets actinomorphic,

hermaphrodite and fertile, 5-merous, narrowly

funnelform; staminal filaments attached at or

below middle of corolla tube; anther apices

lanceolate or trullate; stigmatic appendages

linear to ellipsoidal, coarsely papillose.

Achenes linear, laterally flattened, with 3-7

longitudinal ribs. Pappus 1-2-seriate, bristles

with pectines only c. 0.025 mm long, scarcely

visible at 40* magnification.

Four species in northern Australia with one

extending to Papua New Guinea.

A key to the species of Camptacra

1 Leaves 4.5-15 mm wide (excluding marginal teeth); capitula 8-12 mm

long and 13-21 mm across; marginal floret (including ligule) 10-15 mm

long; peduncles 0.8-1.5 mm diameter at midpoint; inner involucral

bracts 6-7.5 mm long.4. C. robusta

1. Leaves 1.1-5 mm wide (excluding marginal teeth); capitula 5-8 mm long,

8-14 mm across; marginal floret (including ligule) 5-12 mm long;

peduncles 0.4-0.8 mm diameter at midpoint; inner involucral

bracts 3.5-6 mm long.2

2 Glandular hairs abundant on outer involucral bracts; corolla lobes

of disc floret glandular-hairy.3. C. perdita

2. Glandular hairs absent from involucral bracts; corolla lobes of disc floret

glabrous.3

3 Leaves glabrous or sparsely hairy, all leaves with acute apex or a few with

trifid apex; terminal part of inner involucral bracts glabrous or with

ciliate margins; receptacle 1.3-3.5 mm diameter.2. C. gracilis

3. Leaves sparsely to densely hairy, numerous leaves with trifid apex; cluster

of hairs usually present on terminal part of inner involucral bracts

(inner surface); receptacle (2.5-) 3-6 mm diameter.1. C. barbata

566

1. Camptacra barbata N.T.Burb., Brunonia

5: 15 (1982). Type: Queensland. Moreton

District: Dinmore, near Ipswich, 29 October

1960, L. Pedley 726 (holo: CANB; iso: BRI).

Camptacra brachycomoides f. arachnoidea

N.T.Burb., Brunonia 5: 14 (1982); C. gracilis

f. arachnoidea (N.T.Burb.) Lander, Nuytsia

6: 61 (1987). Type: Queensland. North

Kennedy District: Rockingham’s Bay,

s.dat.,J. Dallachy s.n. (holo: MEL 1004261).

Erect herb to 50 cm high. Stems glabrous

or sparsely to densely woolly-hairy. Leaves

linear, 18-55 mm long, 1.4-5 mm wide

excluding marginal teeth, glabrous or woolly,

glands absent; apex acute, apiculate or

rarely to frequently trifid; base narrowly to

broadly cuneate; margins entire or with a few

teeth up to 2 mm long, more or less evenly

distributed; midrib obvious and sometimes

2 additional parallel veins evident. Capitula

5-8 mm long, 8-14 mm diameter. Peduncles

5-12 cm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide at midpoint,

with sparse woolly hairs confined to upper

part or densely woolly throughout. Involucral

bracts 24-36, graduated in length; outer

bracts narrowly ovate, 1.6-3.1 mm long,

glabrous or with sparse woolly hairs on outer

surface, apex acute; inner bracts narrowly

lanceolate, 3.5-5.5 mm long, usually with

dense tuft of hairs near apex, apex acute to

obtuse. Receptacle (2.5-) 3-6 mm across.

Ray florets 25-48, corolla tube 2.2-3.5 mm

long, glabrous except for sparse antrorse

eglandular hairs near junction of tube and

ligule; tube + ligules 5-12 mm long, white,

apex obtuse or minutely notched. Disc florets

30-68, yellow, corolla tube 3.3-4.2 mm long,

glabrous except for sparse antrorse hairs near

the midpoint; corolla lobes 0.4-0.6 mm long,

deltate, glabrous. Achenes 2.2-3.1 mm long,

maroon or purplish when mature, glabrous

or with sparse antrorse hairs on upper half.

Pappus bristles 24-30 in number, each 2.6-

4.5 mm long.

Additional selected specimens examined : Northern

Territory. Daguragu Land Trust area, S of Gill Creek,

c. 51 km NW of Kalkarindji, Mar 2012, Cowie 12973

(DNA); Mt Sanford, Threeways holding paddock, Aug

2000, Brock 118 (CANB, DNA). Queensland. Cook

District: Metal Hills section, Chillagoe - Mungana

Cave NP, Jan 2005, Little LL36 (BRI). North Kennedy

Austrobaileya 10(4): 564-575 (2020)

District: Lolworth Creek, N of Charters Towers,

Nov 1985, Jackes 12 (BRI); 2.5 km S of “Doongara”,

Mar 1988, Forster PIF3729 & Bolton (BRI); 13 km N

of Burdekin Falls, on Burdekin Falls - Mingela road,

Apr 1990, Jobson 1119 (BRI, CANB, MEL). South

Kennedy District: c. 6 km due SE of Strathmore

Station, along road to Collinsville, Mar 2003, Pollock

ABP1690 & Edginton (BRI); 16.4 km W of Oxenhope

Outstation, May 1991, Neldner 3240 & Thompson (BRI).

Mitchell District: 18 km ENE of Prairie, on Flinders

Highway, Mar 1993, Thompson HUG320 & Henderson

(BRI). Leichhardt District: Uncle Toms Road, SE of

Moura, Sep 1999, Bean 15331 (BRI, MEL). Warrego

District: Morven, Apr 1936, Blake 10985 (BRI).

Maranoa District: Beside airstrip, Mt Moffatt NP,

NW of Injune, Oct 1998, Bean 14285 (BRI); 24 km NE of

Roma, Apr 2003, Baumgartner 3371-6 (BRI). Burnett

District: c. 8 km NW of ‘Rawbelle’, W of Monto, Jun

1996, Bean 10383 (BRI, MEL); 2 km S of Derrabungy

Creek Bridge, S of Mundubbera, Nov 1997, Bean 12590

(BRI, MEL); Monto - Mt Perry Road, 0.5 km W of Yarrol

Road turnoff. Mar 2013, Bean 32112 (BRI, CANB, MEL,

US). Darling Downs District: Road to Kupunn, 1 km

from the Moonie Highway turnoff, 16 km SW of Dalby,

Oct 1996, Lowrey 1751 (BRI); Jondaryan cemetery, Apr

1994, Fensham 1688 (BRI, MEL). Moreton District:

Grounds of TAFE college, Byrne Street, Bundamba, Oct

2007, Bird s.n. (BRI [AQ745021]); Boonah, S of Ipswich,

Nov 1934, Michael 2093 (BRI). New South Wales. 3

miles [5 km] E of Inverell, Jun 1955, Jessup & Gray 2800

(CANB); 1 mile [1.6 km] N of Howell, Jun 1955, Jessup

& Gray 2784 (CANB); Travelling Stock Route, 5.5 km

N of Warialda on road to Yetman, Oct 1993, Prober s.n.

(CANB 00500874).

Distribution and habitat : Camptacra

barbata is widely distributed in the eastern

half of Queensland, and in the Victoria River

district of Northern Territory. It also extends

into northern New South Wales, west of the

Great Dividing Range (Map 1). It is found

almost exclusively on plains in grassland or

open woodland, with heavy dark-brown to

black cracking clay soil.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits have been

recorded for every month of the year.

Affinities : Camptacra barbata appears to be

closely related to C. gracilis (see Affinities

under that species).

Notes : Burbidge (1982) distinguished

Camptacra barbata from C. brachycomoides

(= C. gracilis ) by the ‘hemispheric’ mature

capitulum (vs. campanulate for C. gracilis)

and the ‘subglobose budding heads’ (vs.

‘campanulate bud’ for C. gracilis ); the sub-

apical colouration on the inner involucral

567

Bean, Camptacra

bracts (vs. uniformly coloured for C. gracilis );

and the woolly hairs on the inner face of the

involucral bracts at the distal end (vs. woolly

hairs absent for C. gracilis). I cannot discern

any consistent difference in the capitulum

shape between specimens determined by

Burbidge as C. barbata or C. brachycomoides,

and all Camptacra specimens have subglobose

budding heads at the earliest stage. The sub-

apical colouration of the bracts is apparent

on some specimens that Burbidge labelled C.

barbata (particularly those from far south¬

eastern Qld), but not on others. The ‘woolly

hairs on the inner surface of the bracts’

character does appear to be a useful character

for C. barbata , though not universally present.

Conservation status : Least Concern (IUCN

2012). While the habitat of this species has

undoubtedly been reduced over the last

century, it is a common species with a very

large geographical range, occurring in

numerous conservation reserves.

2. Camptacra gracilis (Benth.) Lander,

Nuytsia 6: 61 (1987); Eurybia gracilis Benth.,

Enum. Pl. [Endlicher] 59 (1837); Camptacra

gracilis (Benth.) Lander f. gracilis , Nuytsia

6: 61 (1987). Type: Nova Hollandia, s.dat.,

F. Bauer s.n. (lecto: W 0047219 i.d.v. [here

designated]; probable isolecto: K 000890338

i.d.v).

Aster brachycomoides F.Muell., Fragm.

5: 86 (1865); Vittadinia brachycomoides

(F.Muell.) Benth., FI. Austral. 3: 490 (1867);

Camptacra brachycomoides (F.Muell.)

N.T.Burb., Brunonia 5: 12 (1982); Camptacra

brachycomoides f. brachycomoides ,

N.T.Burb., Brunonia 5: 13 (1982). Type:

Arnhem’s Land, 14 July 1856, F. Mueller s.n.

(lecto: MEL 1004273, fide Burbidge (1982:

13); isolecto: K 000890337 i.d.v).

Erect herb to 40 cm high. Stems glabrous

or sometimes sparsely woolly-hairy. Leaves

linear, 26-50 mm long, 1.1-2.5 mm wide

excluding marginal teeth, glabrous, glands

absent; apex acute or occasionally trifid; base

narrowly cuneate to attenuate; margins entire

or with a few teeth up to 0.7 mm long, more

or less evenly distributed; midrib obvious but

all other venation obscure. Capitula 5.5-7

mm long, 9-11 mm diameter. Peduncles 4.5-

14 cm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide at midpoint,

glabrous throughout or with sparse woolly

hairs on upper part. Involucral bracts 26-40,

graduated in length, outer bracts narrowly

ovate, 1.8-3.3 mm long, glabrous or with

sparse woolly hairs on outer surface, apex

acute to acuminate; inner bracts narrowly

lanceolate, 3.5-4.5 mm long, glabrous

throughout or with ciliate margins on upper

part, apex acute to acuminate. Receptacle

1.3-3.5 mm across. Ray florets 20-42, corolla

tube 2-2.7 mm long, glabrous except for

sparse antrorse eglandular hairs near junction

of tube and ligule; tube + ligules 6-11 mm

long, white and becoming pink with age,

apex obtuse or minutely notched. Disc florets

28-66, yellow, corolla tube 3.2-4.2 mm long,

glabrous except for sparse antrorse hairs near

the midpoint; corolla lobes 0.5-0.65 mm long,

deltate, glabrous. Achenes 2.3-37 mm long,

maroon or purplish when mature, glabrous

or with sparse antrorse hairs on upper half.

Pappus bristles 24-30 in number, each 2.6-

4.2 mm long.

Additional selected specimens examined : Northern

Territory. Emu Springs, central Arnhem Land, Sep

1999, Cowie 8446 & Dunlop (BRI); c. 10 km N of the

Mainoru River towards Bullman Station from Mainoru

Station, May 1974, Pullen 9373 (CANB); 100 km SE of

Nhulunbuy, Arnhem Land, Sep 1985, Wightman 2239

(CANB). Queensland. Cook District: Brooklyn, near

Rifle Creek/Luster Creek junction, Jan 1996, Godwin

MGC4201 & Russell (BRI); Blackbraes NP, Dec 2010,

McDonald KRM10250 & Jensen (BRI, CANB); 1 km

N of Lakeland beside the Cooktown Road, Feb 2001,

Wannan 2162 (BRI); 16.5 km N of Mareeba Post Office,

on Mt Molloy Road, Dec 1993, Neldner 4126 & Milne

(BRI). North Kennedy District: 40 miles [64 km] S

of Ayr, on W bank of Burdekin River, Feb 1963, Selon

27 (BRI); “Etonvale”, WSW of Bowen, May 1992, Bean

4543 (BRI); near Gumlu, Oct 1950, Blake 18633 (BRI);

50 km S of Mt Garnet, May 1999, Wannan 1235 & Jago

(BRI); Wambiana Station, 70 km S of Charters Towers,

Jun 1998, OReagain 729 (BRI). South Kennedy

District: Red Hill Station, 79.5 km SSW of Charters

Towers, Apr 2006, Thompson CHA705 & Wilson

(AD, BRI). Port Curtis District: Broad Sound, Sep

1802, Brown s.n. (CANB); Marlborough serpentinite

landscape. May 2010, Hendry 744/7 (BRI); 2 km NW

of Seahound Hard boat ramp, Shoalwater Bay Training

area, N of Yeppoon, Feb 2012, Bean 31609 & Mathieson

(BRI, L, MEL, NY, P); 7.5 km from Bruce Highway at

Bajool, towards Port Alma, Apr 2012, Bean 32009 (BRI,

CANB, DNA, E, MO, W); The Springs, Shoalwater Bay

Military Area, N of Rockhampton, May 2014, Halford

QM1496 (BRI); S end of Duck Lagoon, South Percy

568

Island, Mar 1906, Tryon s.n. (BRI [AQ246175]); Mt

Bonnie Doon, Rockhampton - Marlborough area, Jan

1989, Specht 210 & Reeves (BRI); Old Byfield Road,

near Pine Mountain, May 1996, Plumb JP4 (BRI);

Clinton Lowlands, Freshwater sector, Shoalwater

Bay Training Area, N of Yeppoon, Apr 2016, Halford

QM2078 & Mathieson (B, BM, BRI, CANB, DNA, HO,

NSW, PRE, US).

Distribution and habitat : Camptacra

gracilis occurs in the north-east of the

Northern Territory (eastern Arnhem Land)

and in Queensland, where it extends from

Lakeland Downs to south of Gladstone, and

usually less than 200 km from the coast (Map

2). In coastal areas, it inhabits marine plains

in association with, or near to, Sporobolus

virginicus (L.) Kunth. Elsewhere it grows in

ephemeral swamps, in heavy soil with native

Dichanthium grassland, or in mixed eucalypt

woodland. It has also been recorded from

soils derived from serpentinite.

Phenology : Flowers are recorded from

October to June; fruits are recorded from

November to May.

Typification : The sheet at W is chosen as the

lectotype for Eurybia gracilis Benth. as it is

the only known Bauer specimen matching

the protologue that was seen by Bentham

before the date of publication. The specimen

at K was received in 1854, and has somewhat

broader leaves, but is probably part of the

same gathering.

Affinities : Camptacra gracilis is closely

related to C. barbata , and some collections

are difficult to place. C. gracilis lacks the tuft

of hairs on the apex of the involucral bracts,

and it generally has narrower leaves, glabrous

leaves and stems, a smaller receptacle, and

few or no leaves with a trifid apex.

Notes : From the date of collection of

Aster brachycomoides, it can be inferred

that Mueller collected it near present-day

Mataranka, at the south-western extent of the

range of C. gracilis in the Northern Territory.

Specimens collected further south and west

are a closer match for C. barbata.

It is not known where Ferdinand Bauer

collected the type material for Eurybia

gracilis , but the type matches material

collected by Robert Brown from “Broad

Austrobaileya 10(4): 564-575 (2020)

Sound” and labelled Eurybiopsis macrorrhiza

DC., and both are very similar to some recent

collections from the Shoalwater Bay Training

Area in Queensland (cited above).

Conservation status : Least Concern (IUCN

2012). While the habitat of this species has

been reduced over the last century, it is a

common species with a large geographical

range. It occurs in at least two National Parks.

3. Camptacra perdita A.R.Bean sp. nov.

Differing from C. barbata by the white

densely-woolly hairy stems, the glandular-

hairy involucral bracts, the consistently

unlobed leaf apex, and the smaller capitula

and florets. Typus: Queensland. Darling

Downs District: Oakey rail line, southern

side of Oakey, Cutella Road, 22 November

2001, 1.L. Menkins ILM0074 (holo: BRI; iso:

DNA).

Erect herb to 35 cm high. Stems very densely

woolly-hairy, snowy white. Leaves narrowly-

elliptical to oblanceolate, 14-24 mm long, 2-5

mm wide, sparsely woolly-hairy throughout,

glands absent; apex acute, never trifid; base

narrowly cuneate to attenuate; margins

occasionally entire but usually with 2-4

pairs of teeth up to 1.2 mm long, more or

less evenly distributed; midrib obvious but

all other venation obscure. Capitula 4-5.5

mm long, 7-9.5 mm diameter. Peduncles

3-7 cm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide at midpoint,

sparsely woolly-hairy throughout, and with

dense stalked glandular hairs on upper part.

Involucral bracts 30-36, graduated in length,

outer bracts narrowly ovate, 1.3-1.8 mm long,

with dense glandular hairs on outer surface,

apex acute to obtuse; inner bracts narrowly

elliptic, 27-3.4 mm long, sparsely glandular-

hairy throughout and with ciliate margins on

upper part, apex acute to obtuse. Receptacle

1-1.5 mm across. Ray florets 20-30, corolla

tube 1.3-1.5 mm long, glabrous except for

sparse antrorse stalked glandular hairs near

junction of tube and ligule; tube + ligules 4-6

mm long, white to light mauve, apex obtuse or

minutely notched. Disc florets 19-29, yellow,

corolla tube 2.9-3.3 mm long, glabrous;

corolla lobes c. 0.6 mm long, deltate, with

stalked glandular hairs on outer surface.

Achenes 2.5-27 mm long, brown when

569

Bean, Camptacra

mature, with moderately dense antrorse hairs

throughout, and with scattered glandular

hairs. Pappus bristles 23-28 in number, each

27-3.5 mm long. Fig. 1.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland.

Maranoa District: Bungegorgoral Stock Route, NW

of Howard, Oct 2017, Fensham 6812 (BRI); 7 km W of

St George, Sep 1973, Trapnell & Williams 287 (BRI).

Darling Downs District: Warrego Highway near

Oakey, Mar 2013, Fensham 6344 (BRI). New South

Wales. North Western Plains: Kirramingly Nature

Reserve, c. 30 km SSW of Moree, 2.5 km WSW of

Kirramingly Homestead, May 2010, Copeland 4440

(BRI; CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH, all n.v .)

Distribution and habitat : Camptacraperdita

is known from four collections in southern

Queensland (two from near Oakey, one near

St George and one near Roma), and from a

single location in New South Wales (Map 2).

It is recorded growing in grassland on heavy

black soil on alluvium, at least two sites

dominated by Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.)

A.Camus.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits are recorded

for March, May, September, October and

November.

Affinities : Camptacra perdita differs from

its closest relative C. barbata by the white

densely-woolly hairy stems, the glandular-

hairy involucral bracts, the consistently

unlobed leaf apex, and the capitula 4-5.5 x

7-9.5 mm (5-8 x 8-14 mm for C. barbata),

and the corolla tube of the disc florets 2.9-3.3

mm long (3.3-4.2 mm long for C. barbata).

Notes : This is the only species of Camptacra

with glandular hairs; they are most obvious

on the involucral bracts and upper part of the

peduncle, but are also found on the corolla

lobes of the disc florets and on the achenes.

The contrast between the densely hairy

snowy-white stems and the sparsely-hairy

green leaves is also diagnostic.

Conservation status : The habitat of

Camptacra perdita (grassland on fertile

cracking clays) has been extensively utilised

for cropping and grazing for over a century,

and the few collections suggest that it is

threatened. A status of Endangered (IUCN

2012) is recommended, criterion B2ab(iii).

Etymology : From the Latin perditus, meaning

Tost’ or ‘abandoned’. This alludes to the

species co-existing with, but being vastly

outnumbered by Camptacra barbata.

4. Camptacra robusta A.R.Bean sp. nov.

With affinity to C. barbata, but differing by

the longer and broader capitula, the wider

leaves, the thicker peduncles and the longer

involucral bracts. Typus: Queensland. North

Kennedy District: Kennedy Highway, c.

12 km W of Ravenshoe, 11 December 2000,

R.L. Jago 5792 & B. Wannan (holo: BRI; iso:

DNA, US).

Vittadinia brachycomoides var. latifolia

Benth., FI. Austral. 3: 490 (1867). Types:

[Queensland. Cook District:] Albany Island,

Cape York, 25 October 1849, J. Macgillivray

s.n. (syn: K 000890335 i.d.v)', [Queensland.]

Rockingham Bay, s.dat., J. Dallachy s.n. (syn:

K 000890334 i.d.v).

Camptacra brachycomoides f. lanata

N. T.Burb., Brunonia 5: 14 (1982); Camptacra

gracilis f. lanata (N.T.Burb.) Lander, Nuytsia

6: 61 (1987). Type: Queensland. Burke

District: Near source of Poison Creek, c.

90 miles [145 km] N of Hughenden, 11 April

1935, S.T. Blake 8545 (holo: BRI).

[Olearia arguta var. lanata, auct. non Benth.,

Queensland populations; Britten (1901: 249)].

Illustration : Britten (1901: t. 153) [as Olearia

arguta ].

Erect or procumbent herb or shrub to 50

cm high. Stems sparsely to densely woolly-

hairy. Leaves linear to narrowly-elliptic,

22-55 mm long, 4.5-12 mm wide excluding

marginal teeth, sparsely to densely woolly,

glands absent; apex acute, apiculate, or rarely

to frequently trifid; base broadly cuneate

to obtuse; margins entire or with a few

teeth up to 4 mm long, more or less evenly

distributed; midrib and 2 additional parallel

veins prominent. Capitula 8-12 mm long,

13-21 mm diameter. Peduncles 5-25 cm long,

O. 8-1.5 mm wide at midpoint, sparsely to

densely woolly throughout. Involucral bracts

28-36, graduated in length; outer bracts

narrowly ovate, 1.8-4 mm long, with sparse

woolly hairs on outer surface, apex acute;

570

Austrobaileya 10(4): 564-575 (2020)

Fig. 1 . Camptacra perdita. A. whole plant *0.5. B. flowering capitulum, lateral view *5. C. uppermost section of

peduncle, showing glandular hairs *32. D. ligulate floret *16. E. disc floret, pappus and immature achene *16. F. mature

achene with pappus xl6. All from Menkins ILM0074 (BRI). Del. W. Smith.

571

Bean, Camptacra

inner bracts narrowly lanceolate, 6-7.5 mm

long, glabrous or shortly ciliate, apex acute

to obtuse. Receptacle 4-6.2 mm across. Ray

florets 36-60, corolla tube 3-3.5 mm long,

glabrous except for sparse antrorse eglandular

hairs near junction of tube and ligule; tube +

ligules 10-15 mm long, white to lilac, apex

obtuse or minutely notched. Disc florets

52-78, yellow, corolla tube 4.2-4.6 mm long,

glabrous except for sparse antrorse hairs near

the midpoint; corolla lobes 0.4-0.6 mm long,

deltate, glabrous. Achenes 2.9-4 mm long,

maroon or purplish when mature, glabrous

or with sparse antrorse hairs on upper half.

Pappus bristles 25-34 in number, each 4.7-

5.2 mm long. Fig. 2.

Additional selected specimens examined : Papua

New Guinea. Morobe Province: Karmanuntina

River valley, near Habaya, Goroka subdistrict, Sep

1957, Robbins 916 (CANB). Central Province:

Astrolabe Range, Jul 1918, White 245 (BRI); Aiyura,

Oct 1944, Smith NGF1147 (BRI). Queensland. Cook

District: Piccaninny Plain turnoff near Bamaga -

Weipa Road junction, Oct 2008, McDonald KRM8005

& Winter (BRI); Lizard Island, May 1975, Byrnes 3171

(BRI); Undara NP, Yaramulla ranger base, Dec 2004,

McDonald KRM3234 (BRI); c. 1 km S of Bailey Point,

Jun 2003, Jago 6499 (BRI); c. 30 miles [48 km] W of

Cardwell, Nov 1967, Boyland 573 (BRI); 4 km S of

Mareeba, on the Kennedy Highway, Dec 1983, Clarkson

5073 (BRI, CANB, CNS, DNA); 7.1 km by road W of

Petford, Jan 2008, McDonald KRM7126 & Ford (BRI);

Newcastle Range, 29.5 km by road E of Forsayth, Feb

2013, McDonald KRM13816 (BRI). Burke District:

Blackbraes NP, Mar 2003, Kemp TH7040 & Cutt (BRI).

North Kennedy District: Herberton, s.dat ., Kenny

s.n. (BRI [AQ246199]); 116 km from Kennedy on Mt

Garnet Road, Jan 1992, Forster PIF9512 (BRI, MEL);

Mt Fox crater, Seaview Range, Apr 1985, Rodd & Hardie

4461 (BRI, NSW); c. 0.6 km from junction of Kennedy

Highway and Gulf Development Road, towards Mt

Surprise, Dec 2004, McDonald KRM3151 et al. (BRI,

NSW); End of Deception Creek Road, Mt Zero/Taravale

Wildlife Sanctuary, Dec 2011, Jensen 2539 (BRI); 2 km

N of Burra microwave tower, Feb 1994, Bean 7491 &

Forster (BRI); Mt Abbot, 50 km W of Bowen, Aug 1992,

Bean 4852 (BRI). South Kennedy District: ‘Glen

Innes’, NW of Alpha, Jul 2003, Fensham 4888 (BRI);

c. 35 km SE of Lake Buchanan, Jun 1998, Thompson

BUC2084 (BRI). Mitchell District: Moorinya NP,

17.6 km NW of ranger station. May 2006, Thompson

TAN449 & Wilson (BRI); 20 km SE of Muttaburra

on Aramac Road, Apr 2012, Silcock JLS1177 (BRI).

Leichhardt District: Near Station Creek, 0.5 km W

of Arcturus Downs, E of Springsure, Oct 1998, Bean

13992 (BRI); Peak Downs, Jun 1951, Everist 4404 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Camptacra

robusta occurs in northern Queensland, from

Springsure to Cape York, and in Papua New

Guinea (Map 3). In Queensland, it prefers

basaltic plains with red to brown clayey soil,

but also occurs on plains with red sandy

soils, and on sandstone slopes, all in eucalypt

woodland. For Papua New Guinea, the habitat

is merely stated to be “grassland”.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits have been

recorded for every month of the year.

Affinities : Camptacra robusta appears closest

to C. barbata, but differs by the capitula 8-12

mm long and 13-21 mm across (5-8 mm

long and 8-14 mm across for C. barbata ), the

leaves 4.5-12 mm wide (1.4-5 mm wide for

C. barbata ), the peduncles 0.8-1.5 mm wide

at midpoint (0.4-0.8 mm wide for C. barbata ),

and the inner involucral bracts 6-7.5 mm long

(3.5-5.5 mm long for C. barbata).

Notes : Camptacra specimens from Papua

New Guinea are here tentatively included

under C. robusta , based on the relatively long

disc florets and ligules on the most mature

specimen ( Robbins 916). However, in the few

Papuan specimens available, there is much

variation in leaf size, capitulum size and

pappus length. More collections are needed

before a reliable taxonomic assessment can be

made.

Some Queensland specimens of

Camptacra robusta have been misidentified

as Olearia arguta Benth. The first such

instance was by Britten (1901), who identified

a Banks & Solander collection from

Endeavour River as Shawia arguta (Benth.)

Britten, a synonym of O. arguta. Another

specimen {Rodd & Hardie 446f cited

above) was identified by N. Lander in 1990

as O. arguta , and subsequently, numerous

specimens at BRI were named O. arguta

or O. arguta var. lanata Benth. Molecular

studies have confirmed that the Queensland

taxon is correctly placed in Camptacra (see

Introduction). Some specimens of this species

have very dense woolly indumentum on the

leaves and stems.

572

Austrobcdleya 10 ( 4 ): 564-575 ( 2020 )

Fig. 2. Camptacra robusta. A. flowering branchlet x0.5. B. flowering capitulum, lateral view M. C. a leaf from the

densely hairy form x4. D. disc floret xl2. E. ligulate floret xl2. F. mature achene with pappus x6. A from McDonald

KRM3234 (BRI); B,C,E from Jensen 2539 (BRI); D from Forster PIF9512 (BRI); F from Thompson BUC2084 (BRI).

Scale bar = 10 mm at xl magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

573

Bean, Camptacra

Conservation status : Least Concern (IUCN

2012). The habitat of this species has been

reduced over the last century; however, it is

a common species with a large geographical

range, and is present in at least ten National

Parks.

Etymology : From the Latin robustus, meaning

solid or strong; this refers to the sturdy

and vigorous appearance of the species in

comparison with other species of Camptacra.

Acknowledgements

I thank the Directors of DNA, CANB and

MEL for sending their holdings of Camptacra

on loan. I am also grateful to Will Smith

for the illustrations of C. perdita and Nicole

Crosswell for the illustrations of C. robusta.

Peter Jobson made numerous helpful

suggestions. I thank Teghan Collingwood

for her efforts to locate the New South Wales

specimen of C. perdita at BRI.

References

Britten, J. (1901). In J. Banks & D.C. Solander,

Illustrations of Australian plants collected

in 1770 during Captain Cook’s voyage round

the world in H.M.S. Endeavour 2: 49, t. 153.

Trustees of the British Museum: London.

Burbidge, N.T. (1982). A revision of Vittadinia A.

Rich. (Compositae) together with reinstatement

of Eurybiopsis DC. and description of a new

genus, Camptacra. Brunonia 5: 1-72.

Cross, E.W., Quinn, C.J. & Wagstaff, S.J. (2002).

Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of Olearia

(Astereae: Asteraceae). Plant Systematics and

Evolution 235: 99-120.

Iucn (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria,

version 3.1, 2 nd ed. International Union for the

Conservation of Nature: Gland. https://portals.

iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/RL-2001-

001-2nd.pdf, accessed 20 January 2019.

Lander, N.S. (1987). New combinations in Camptacra

N.Burb. (Asteraceae: Astereae). Nuytsia 6: 61.

Lowrey, T.K., Quinn, C.J., Taylor, R.K., Chan,

R., Kimball, R.T. & De Nardi, J.C. (2001).

Molecular and morphological reassessment

of relationships within the Vittadinia group of

Astereae (Asteraceae). American Journal of

Botany 88: 1279-1289.

Map 1. Distribution of Camptacra barbata

574

Austrobaileya 10(4): 564-575 (2020)

Map 2. Distribution of Camptacra gracilis • and C. perdita ■

Bean, Camptacra

575

Map 3. Distribution of Camptacra robusta.

A taxonomic revision of the genus Lagenophora

Cass. (Asteraceae: Astereae) in New Guinea

Jian Wang & A.R. Bean

Summary

Wang, J. & Bean, A.R. (2020). A taxonomic revision of the genus Lagenophora Cass. (Asteraceae:

Astereae) in New Guinea. Austrobaileya 10(4): 576-582. The genus Lagenophora Cass, is

taxonomically revised for New Guinea with two species recognised. One ( Lagenophora sporadica

Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean sp. nov.) is endemic to New Guinea and the other (L. sublyrata (Cass.)

A.R.Bean & Jian Wang ter) is widespread in Asia, Australia and Malesia. The species are described

and illustrated. Notes are provided on the distribution (including a map), habitat and phenology. An

identification key is provided.

Key Words: Asteraceae; Astereae., Lagenophora sporadica ; Lagenophora sublyrata ; New Guinea

flora; new species; identification key; distribution map

Jian Wang & A.R. Bean, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane

Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: jian.wang@des.

qld.gov. au; tony.bean@des.qld.gov. au

Introduction

Lagenophora Cass, is a small genus of daisies

in the Tribe Astereae and found mainly in the

temperate parts of the southern hemisphere.

Twelve species are found in Australia (Wang

& Bean 2019), nine species occur in New

Zealand (Breitwieser et al. 2012), three

species in southern South America (Cabrera

1966) and two in New Guinea. The genus

also extends to New Caledonia and Indonesia,

and as far as Sri Lanka and southern Japan

(Koidzumi 1928; Wang & Bean 2019).

The genus Lagenophora was first recorded

for New Guinea by Mueller (1889), based on

a specimen collected by William MacGregor

from the summit of the Owen Stanley Range,

earlier that same year. Cabrera (1966) cited

New Guinea specimens for three species,

L. gracilis Steetz, L. lanata A.Cunn. and

L. stipitata (Labill.) Druce. Koster (1966)

reduced this to two species, L. stipitata and

L. lanata , and stated that L. gracilis and L.

lanata could not be maintained as separate

species, as the former differs only by the

sparser tomentum.

The present authors concur with Koster

(1966) that two species are present - one is L.

sublyrata (Cass.) A.R.Bean & Jian Wang ter,

of which L. lanata is a synonym and the other

is L. sporadica Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean, a

new species closely related to L. stipitata.

Materials and methods

This revision is based on morphological

examination of Lagenophora material from

the following herbaria: A, AK, BRI, CANB,

GH, HO, L, MEL and NSW. Images of type

specimens held at FI, G, HAL, K, M, NY,

P and W have also been examined and are

indicated as i.d.v. (imago digitalis visa). Most

measurements are based on dried material,

but the dimensions of florets are based on

material reconstituted with boiling water.

Dimensions in the descriptions are inclusive,

viz. 1.0-17 is given as 1—1.7.

Accepted for publication 24 February 2020

577

Wang & Bean, Lagenophora in New Guinea

Taxonomy

Key to the New Guinea species of Lagenophora

Roots tuberous and fleshy, bunched; rhizomes short; stem very short

(leaves in basal rosette); scape hairs appressed to antrorse; achene

glands confined to the dorsal side of beak and adjacent upper dorsal

edge; achenes usually with 1-3 hairs at base; achene 2.2-2.4 mm long

excluding beak.

Roots fibrous and wiry, not bunched, rhizomes spreading; stem usually

elongated (leaves alternate along stem), scape hirsute, hairs retrorse to

patent; achene papillae extending all along ventral and dorsal edges

from beak to carpopodium, and on the basal and distal portions of both

faces; achenes without basal hairs; achene 2.9-3.4 mm long excluding

beak.

1. Lagenophora sublyrata (Cass.) A.R.Bean

& Jian Wang ter, Austrobaileya 10: 435-437

(2019); Ixauchenussublyratus Cass., Diet. Sci.

Nat. ed. 2. [F. Cuvier] 56: 176 (1828). Type:

Australia. [New South Wales.] Port Jackson,

November-December 1819, C. Gaudichaud

s.n. (lecto: image of P 00742955^ i.d.v.), fide

Bean & Wang (2017: 168). Epitype: New

South Wales. Hornsby, April 1914, W.F.

Blakely s.n. (NSW 10275), fide Bean & Wang

(2017: 168).

Ixauchenus lyratus Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.

193 (1832), nomen nudum.

Lagenophora billardierei var. media DC.,

Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 5: 307 (1836).

Type: Nova Hollandia, [in 1823], F.W. Sieber

505 (syn: G 00454010 i.d.v:, HAL i.d.v:, NY

00180436 i.d.v).

Lagenophora billardierei var. glabrata DC.,

Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 5: 307 (1836). Type:

Nouvelle Holland, in 1816, from Lambert’s

herbarium (syn: G 00454009 i.d.v).

Lagenophora lanata A.Cunn., Ann. Nat. Hist.

2: 126 (1839). Type: New Zealand. Between

the Waitangy and Keri-Keri Rivers, in 1834,

R. Cunningham s.n. (lecto: K 000890104

i.d.v), fide Allen (1961: 606).

Perennial rhizomatous herb; roots fleshy,

bunched, 0.2-1 mm diameter; no stem or short

stem to 10 mm long; leaves and scapes firmly

attached to stem and/or rootstock. Leaves

4—9(—11), obovate, oblanceolate, elliptical,

spathulate, 1-2 cm long by 0.4-0.8 cm wide

L. sublyrata

L. sporadica

(c. 2.5 x longer than wide), sessile or with a

winged petiole-like base to 1 cm long; leaf

apex obtuse or rounded; leaf margins toothed,

crenate to sinuate, with 5-7(-9) teeth, each

tooth 0.2-0.4 mm long; upper leaf surface

green, with 2-7 hairs per mm 2 , each 0.1-0.3

mm long; lower leaf surface pale green, with

3-7 hairs per mm 2 , each 0.1-0.4 mm long;

leaf margins with 6-12 hairs per mm 2 , each

0.1-0.3 mm long; net veins usually obscure

on dried material on both surfaces. Scapes

channelled, 1-6 per tuft, each (2.5-)4-8 cm

long at anthesis, 4-11 cm long at fruiting

stage, 0.3-0.4 mm diameter, 0.3-0.5 mm thick

from lowest to upmost section; scape bracts

2-4, upper ones c. 0.6 x 0.2 mm, lower ones

c. 1.4 x 0.4 mm; scape indumentum c. 0.1 mm

long, antrorse, more or less appressed; 2-6

hairs per mm at midpoint of scape, slightly

denser towards apex. Capitula 2.5-3.5 mm

long, 2.5-5 mm diameter; involucral bracts

(20-)25 in 3 or 4 rows, lanceolate, oblong to

obovate, apex obtuse, acute, ciliate or with

fringed margin on distal part, glabrous, outer

bracts 1.2-1.5 x 0.3-0.4 mm, inner bracts

2.2-2.8 x 0.5-0.6 mm. Receptacle convex,

0.6-0.8 mm diameter and 0.5-0.8 mm high.

Ray florets 20-30 in 2-4 rows; tube c. 0.4 mm

long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, glandular hairy; style

branches c. 0.4 mm long; ligules 1.8-2 mm

long, 0.15-0.35 mm wide, with longitudinal

veins obscure, creamy, yellow or purple, apex

obtuse. Disc florets 10—15, corolla tubular,

1.5-1.8 mm long, light yellow, outer surface

with sparse glandular hairs; corolla lobes

5, deflate, 0.2-0.3 mm long x 0.3-0.35 mm

578

wide; stamens 5, anthers c. 0.6 mm long; style

branches c. 0.2 mm long; sterile ovary 0.6-0.7

mm long; pappus scales 1 or 2, c. 0.1 mm long.

Achenes compressed, lanceolate, obliquely

oblanceolate, 2.2-2.4 x 0.4-0.6 mm excluding

beak, light brown to dark brown at maturity;

achene edges more or less thickened; with

1-3 eglandular hairs present usually at base of

achene; achene glands confined to dorsal side

of beak and adjacent area of achene; achene

beak 0.4-0.5 mm long, with a thickened

white annular collar at its apex, 0.15-0.2 mm

diameter. Fig. 1.

Additional specimens examined : Indonesia. Papua.

BalimRiver,Dec 1938 .Brass II782(BR\, CANB,L);near

Lake Gita, Angi, Arfak Mts, Apr 1940, Kanehira 14115

& Hatusima (L); Anggi Gita Lake, Bivouac Noordpool,

Jan 1962, Sleumer 14020 & Vink (BRI, CANB, L).

Papua New Guinea. Western Highlands Province:

Yobobos grassland area, Laiagam subdistrict, Aug 1960,

Hoogland 7505 & Schodde (CANB, L). Southern

Highlands Province: Between Kendatel and Yombi, c.

6 miles [10 km] N of Ialibu patrol post, Jul 1961, Pullen

2735 (CANB). Morobe Province: Mannasat, Cromwell

Mountains, Huon Peninsula, Jul 1964, Hoogland 9450

(CANB); ibid , Aug 1964, Hoogland 9614 (BRI, L);

Watama, Menyamya subdistrict. May 1968, Streimann

NGF35897 & Kairo (L). Central Province: Boridi,

Nov 1935, Carr 13441 (CANB, L); Mafulu, Sep 1933,

Brass 5151 (BRI, L); Coastal scarp of Astrolabe Range,

SW of Birribi, Aug 1970, Schodde 5637 (L); Coast

scarp of Astrolabe Range, Port Moresby subdistrict,

Aug 1970, Stevens LAE50342 (BRI, CANB, L). Milne

Bay Province: Maneau Peak, Mt Dayman, May 1953,

Brass 22255 (CANB, L); E slopes, Goodenough Island,

Oct 1953, Brass 24666 (CANB, L); Mt Wadimana ridge,

NE from Mt Simpson, Jul 1969, Pullen 7865 (CANB);

Summit area of Mt Wadimana, eastern Mt Simpson

Range, Jul 1969, Schodde 5480 (CANB); Mt Suckling

Complex, Mayu II, Raba Raba Subdistrict, Jun 1972,

Stevens LAE54980 & Veldkamp (BRI, L); Goropu

Mountains (Mt Suckling), Jun 1972, Veldkamp 5536 &

Stevens (L).

Distribution and habitat : Lagenophora

sublyrata is the most widespread species in

the genus. It has been called by the misapplied

name L. gracilis or the synonymous name L.

lanata in south Asia (e.g. India, Sri Lanka),

south-east Asia (e.g. Vietnam), China,

Malesia (e.g. Java), New Caledonia, Australia

and New Zealand. In New Guinea, it has a

widespread distribution (Map 1). It mainly

inhabits montane grassland near rainforest

margins on sandy or fine gravel deposits in

wet situations from 670 m to 2750 m above

sea level. It has also been recorded on dry

Austrobaileya 10(4): 576-582 (2020)

sandy or rocky flats.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits have been

recorded throughout the year except February

and March.

Note: Lagenophora sublyrata is a widespread

species with variable leaf shape, indumentum

and plant size. New Guinea specimens are

usually quite hairy and small in stature, as are

specimens from New Zealand, but features

of the roots, the achene, scape and involucral

bracts are consistent with typical plants from

eastern Australia.

2. Lagenophora sporadica Jian Wang ter

& A.R.Bean, sp. nov. with affinities to L.

stipitata (Labill.) Druce and L. adenosa Jian

Wang ter & A.R.Bean, but differing from

L. stipitata by the sinuate to undulate leaf

margins, the two types of scape indumentum,

the shorter ligules of the ray florets, and

differing gland and/or papillae distribution

on the achene surfaces. It differs from L.

adenosa by the smaller sized ligules, and

the gland distributional pattern on achene

surfaces. Typus: Papua New Guinea. Oro

(Northern) Province: Mt Kenive (Nisbet),

Kokoda Subdistrict, 30 July 1974, J.R. Croft

et al. LAE65116 (holo: BRI [AQ352188]; iso:

A [2 sheets], CANB 559390, L 1815314).

[Lagenophora stipitata, auct. non (Labill).

Druce; Roster (1966: 590)].

Perennial rhizomatous herb; roots and

rhizomes fibrous; stem usually elongated

(leaves alternate along stem) or occasionally

short (leaves in near basal rosette); leaves

and scapes firmly attached to stem and/or

rootstock. Leaves 5-10, obovate to long-

spathulate, 1.5-4 cm long by 1-2.2 cm wide

(1.5-1.8 x longer than wide), with a winged

petiole-like base 1-4 cm long; leaf apex

obtuse; leaf margins sinuate to undulate,

usually with 9—11(—17) shallow lobes, each

lobe 0.5-2 mm long; upper leaf surface

grey green; with eglandular hairs 0.3-0.6

mm long, 4-10 per mm 2 ; lower leaf surface

pale green; with eglandular hairs 0.2-0.6

mm long, 1-6 per mm 2 ; both leaf surfaces

have papillae to 0.01 mm long, more or less

evenly distributed; leaf margins with 6-14

eglandular hairs per mm 2 , each 0.4-0.8 mm

Wang & Bean, Lagenophora in New Guinea

579

Fig. 1. Lagenophora sublyrata. A. habit of whole plant with flowering inflorescences >4.5. B. leaf with a section in

details x5. C-E. lower, mid and upper-sections of scape x20. F. capitulum with flowers and fruits removed, lateral view

x20. G. outer involucral bract x20. H. inner involucral bract x20. I. disc floret x35. J. marginal floret x35. K. achene

x35. A from Stevens LAE50342 (BRI), B, F from Brass 5151 (BRI), C-E from Stevens & Veldkamp LAE54980 (BRI),

G-J from Hoogland 9614 (BRI), K from Brass 11782 (BRI). Scale bar = 10 mm at xl magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

580

long; lateral veins obscure on upper leaf

surfaces, but obvious on lower leaf surfaces.

Scapes channelled, 1—3(—4) per tuft, each 2-7

cm long at anthesis, 6-14 cm long at fruiting

stage, c. 0.6 mm diameter but expanding to c.

1.4 mm at apex; scape bracts 2-3, upper ones

c. 4x0.5 mm, lower ones c. 8 x 1.8 mm; scape

indumentum including eglandular hairs 0.2-

0.5 mm long, appressed, patent or retrorse;

1-4 hairs per mm 2 at midpoint of scape, 4-8

hairs per mm 2 towards apex; and papillate to

c. 0.01 mm long, 5-15 per mm 2 at midpoint

of scape, but very densely distributed towards

apex. Capitula 4-5(-6) mm long, 7-12 mm

diameter; involucral bracts c. 54 in 3 or 4 rows,

linear, lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate,

with fringed margins on distal half, papillate

with eglandular hairs occasionally along

midrib on outer surface; outer bracts c. 2.5 x

0.5 mm, inner bracts 2.5-3.5 x 0.3-0.7 mm.

Receptacle convex to hemispherical, 2.8-4.4

mm diameter and 1.4-2.5 mm high. Ray florets

c. 83, in 3-4 rows; tube 0.5-0.9 mm long, c.

0.3 mm wide, with papillae; style branches c.

0.6 mm long; ligules 1.9-2.2 x 0.3-0.4 mm,

longitudinal veins obscure, white or pink,

apex obtuse and bidentate. Disc florets c. 11;

corolla tubular, c 1.8 mm long, greenish or

yellow, outer surface covered with papillae;

corolla lobes (4-)5, deflate, 0.3-0.4 x c. 0.3

mm; stamens (4—)5, filaments 1.1-1.5 mm

long, anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long; style branches

0.4-0.7 mm long; sterile ovary 2.2-2.5 mm

long, with a thickened white annular collar at

its apex, collar c. 0.3 mm diameter. Achenes

compressed, oblanceolate, straight or slightly

curved, 2.9-3.4 mm long excluding beak, c.

1 mm wide, uniformly brown at maturity;

achene edges slightly thickened; achene

papillae extending all along ventral and dorsal

edges from beak to carpopodium, and on the

basal and distal portions of both faces; achene

beak 0.5-1.1 mm long, densely surrounded by

papillae, and with a white annular collar at its

apex, 0.2-0.25 mm diameter. Fig. 2.

Additional selected specimens examined: Papua

New Guinea. Eastern Highlands Province: Mt

Aniata, Mar 1959, Cruttwell 1057 (K, L); Mt Wilhelm,

Nov 1960, Borgmann 315 (L). Central Province: Mt

Albert Edward, May/Jul 1933, Brass 4226 (A, BRI, K,

L); NW part of Mt Albert Edward, Jun 1974, Craven

2750 (A, CANB, K, L). Morobe Province: Samanzing

Austrobaileya 10(4): 576-582 (2020)

vicinity, Upper Camp, Feb 1939, Clemens 9585 (L

1815313, L 1815327); ibid, Feb 1939, Clemens 9910A

(A, L); Mt Enggom, Sarawaket Range, Feb 1963, van

Royen NGF16204 (BRI, CANB, L). Oro (Northern)

Province: W slopes Mt Kenive (Nisbet), Kokoda

Subdistrict, Aug 1974, Croft LAE65155 (BRI, L). Milne

Bay Province: Mt Ganaina, Aug 1962, Cruttwell 1280

(K, L); Goropu Mountains (Mt Suckling), Jun 1972,

Veldkamp & Stevens 5678 (CANB, L); S Spur of Goe

Dendeniwa, Mt Suckling complex, Jun 1972, Stevens

& Veldkamp LAE54205 (A, BRI, CANB, K, L); Slopes

of Goe Dendeniwa, Mt Suckling complex, Raba Raba

Subdistrict, Jun 1972, Stevens & Veldkamp LAE54279

(A, BRI, CANB, K, L); E slope of Manurep, Raba Raba

Subdistrict, Jul 1972, Stevens & Veldkamp LAE54497

(A, BRI, CANB, K, L).

Distribution and habitat : Lagenophora

sporadica is endemic to Papua New Guinea

where it is restricted to high altitudes

from 2400 to 3800 m (Map 1). It grows in

conifer dominated submontane rainforest

and relictual forest that can be dominated

by Prunus, Podocarpus or Papuacedrus. It

is also recorded from the shade of subalpine

shrubberies; subalpine grasslands in rocky

places with low grass; and in the shelter of

forest borders and logs. It can be a common

species even in burnt forest areas.

Phenology : Both flowers and fruits were

recorded in February, March, May to August,

and November.

Typification: It is indicated on the label of

the type specimen of Lagenophora sporadica

that duplicates of LAE65116 are also present at

BISH, BM, BO, E, K, LAE, M, PNH, SING,

SYD and US, but none of these have been

seen by the present authors.

Affinities : Lagenophora sporadica is of

similar appearance to L. stipitata , but differs

by the sinuate to undulate leaf margins

(obtusely serrate for L. stipitata ), the two

types of scape indumentum (usually one type

only for L. stipitata ), the ligules of the ray

florets 1.9-2.2 mm long, (2.3-3.3 mm long

for L. stipitata ), and different gland and/or

papillae distributional patterns on the achene

surfaces. It also resembles L. adenosa, but

differs from that species by the smaller sized

ligules at 1.9-2.2 x 0.3-0.4 mm (3-3.4 x 0.4-

0.6 mm for L. adenosa), and the distributional

patterns of glands and/or papillae on achene

surfaces.

Wang & Bean, Lagenophora in New Guinea

581

Fig. 2. Lagenophora sporadica. A. habit of whole plant with flowering inflorescences x0.5. B. leaf with a section in

details *5. C-E. lower, mid and upper-sections of scape xl5. F. capitulum with flowers and fruits removed, lateral view

x5. G. outer involucral bract xl5. H. inner involucral bract xl5. I. disc floret with immature achene x20. J. marginal

floret with near mature achene x20. K. achene x20. A, C-K from Croft LAE65116 (BRI), B from Craven 2750 (CANB).

Scale bar = 10 mm at xi magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

582

Etymology : From the Latin sporadicus ,

meaning ‘scattered’ or ‘widely dispersed’.

This refers to the widely dispersed glands

and/or papillae on the faces of the achenes, in

comparison with Lagenophora adenosa and

L. stipitata.

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the Directors of A, AK,

CANB, GH, HO, L, MEL andNSW for the loan

of herbarium specimens. Nicole Crosswell is

thanked for providing the illustrations. Peter

de Lange is also thanked for comments on an

earlier draft of this paper.

References

Allen, H.H. (1961). Flora of New Zealand, Volume

1, Indigenous Tracheophyta. R.E. Owen,

Government Printer: Wellington.

Bean, A.R. & Wang, J. (2017). The identity and

typification of Ixauchenus sublyratus Cass.

(Asteraceae). Adansonia ser. 3, 39: 1-4.

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Breitwieser, I., Brownsey, P.J., Garnock-Jones, P.J.,

Perrie, L.R. & Wilton A.D. (2012). Phylum

Tracheophyta - vascular plants. In D P Gordon

(ed.). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity.

Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista,

Plantae, Fungi. 3: 411-459. University of

Canterbury Press: Christchurch.

Cabrera, A.L. (1966). The genus Lagenophora

(Compositae). Blumea 14: 285-308.

De Candolle, A.P (1836). Prodromus systematis

naturalis regni vegetabilis 5: 307-308. Treuttel

& Wurtz: Paris.

Koidzumi, G. (1928). Plantae Novae Amami-

Ohsimensis nee non Insularum Adjacentium.

1. Phytogeographical notes on the flora of the

Loochoo Archipelago; 2. Description of new

species, pp. 3-4. Kagoshima, Japan.

Koster, J.T. (1966). The Compositae of New Guinea I.

Nova Guinea Botany 24: 497-614.

Mueller, F. (1889). Records of observations on Sir

William MacGregor’s highland plants from

New Guinea. Transactions of the Royal Society

of Victoria 1(2): 1-45.

Wang, J. & Bean, A.R. (2019). A taxonomic revision of

Lagenophora Cass. (Asteraceae) in Australia.

Austrobaileya 10: 405-442.

Map 1. Distribution of Lagenophora sublyrata • and L. sporadica A in New Guinea.

Lobelia fenshamii N.G.Walsh & Albr. and L. fontana

Albr. & N.G.Walsh (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae ),

two new species endemic to artesian springs in

central and south-western Queensland

David E. Albrecht 1 , Neville G. Walsh 2 , Richard W. Jobson 3 & Eric B. Knox 4

Summary

Albrecht, D.E., Walsh, N.G., Jobson, RW. & Knox, E.B. (2020). Lobelia fenshamii N.G.Walsh &

Albr. and L. fontana Albr. & N.G.Walsh (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae ), two new species endemic

to artesian springs in central and south-western Queensland. Austrobaileya 10(4): 583-593. Lobelia

fenshamii and L. fontana , endemic to artesian springs in central and south-western Queensland,

are described and illustrated, with notes on distribution, habitat, conservation status and features

distinguishing them from closely related species of Lobelia and Isotoma.

Key Words: Campanulaceae; Lobelioideae ; Lobelia ; Isotoma ; Lobelia fenshamii., Lobelia fontana ;

Isotoma fluviatilis; Australia flora; Queensland flora; new species; taxonomy; conservation status;

artesian springs

'Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, GPO Box

1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; 2 Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Private Bag 2000,

Birdwood Ave, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia; "National Herbarium of New South Wales,

Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;

4 Indiana University Herbarium, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall 142,

1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA. Email for corresponding author: dave.

albrecht@csiro.au

Introduction

Although Isotoma (R.Br.) Lindl. is currently

recognised as distinct from Lobelia L. in

Australia (CHAH 2020), recent molecular data

(Knox et al. 2006; Antonelli 2008; Knox & Li

2017; E.B. Knox unpubl. data) place Isotoma

species and many southern hemisphere Lobelia

species in a predominantly Australasian clade

that originated in Australia. Lammers (2011)

assigned species in this clade to Lobelia

section Hypsela (C.Presl) Lammers although

he did not provide combinations for those

species of Isotoma lacking available names

in Lobelia. Further sampling and analyses

are underway to improve the phylogenetic

resolution and resolve generic limits prior

to making nomenclatural changes. In the

absence of a final resolution on the status of

Isotoma , Heenan et al. (2008) described three

new species from New Zealand in Lobelia

despite them all having an entire or weakly

Accepted for publication 6 March 2020

cleft corolla tube, a feature traditionally

regarded a characteristic of Isotoma. Albrecht

et al. (2018) adopted a similar approach

when describing Lobelia claviflora Albr.

& R.W.Jobson, a species with a weakly

cleft corolla tube. For consistency the two

new species described herein are named

as species of Lobelia rather than Isotoma ,

while acknowledging that the generic limits

of Lobelia and status of Isotoma are still not

fully resolved.

The two new species are artesian

spring endemics and have highly restricted

distributions. The ecology of springs of the

Great Artesian Basin has received considerable

study in recent years, with numerous endemic

species of flora and invertebrate fauna

identified (e.g. Commonwealth of Australia

2014; Fensham et al. 2016b). The number and

quality of intact springs has been dramatically

reduced since European settlement because of

groundwater extraction, and it is believed that

the extinction of endemic plants and animals

584

has occurred (Rossini et al. 2018). While

the capping of bores that have historically

depleted the aquifer has partly been completed,

the security of remaining functional springs

remains threatened by continuing damage by

stock, feral animals (e.g. pigs) and, potentially,

mining and coal-seam gas extraction

(Fensham et al. 2010). These artesian spring-

fed ecosystems are listed as Endangered under

the Australian Environment Protection and

Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC)

with any proposed developments requiring

referral (Doody et al. 2019). Consequently,

there is a conservation imperative for as-yet

undescribed species to be elucidated to assist

future actions that may serve to secure or

enhance remaining springs.

Materials and methods

The descriptions are based on fresh, field-

collected plants, herbarium specimens

and transplants grown in cultivation at the

Alice Springs Desert Park (ASDP) nursery,

Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG)

nursery, and a private garden in Sydney.

Floral measurements were taken from fresh,

spirit or rehydrated material. Hypanthium

features were assessed at flowering stage

unless otherwise stated. Corolla tube length

was measured from the corolla base (where

it becomes distinct from the hypanthium) to

the sinuses between the three lobes of the

lower lip, thus including the proximal part of

the lower lip where the three lobes are fused.

The length of the upper two corolla lobes was

measured as the distance between the tip of

the lobe and sinus between the upper (2-lobed)

and lower (3-lobed) lips. The length of the

lateral lobes of the lower lip was measured

as the distance between tip of the lobe and

sinus between the lateral and central lobe of

the lower lip. The length of staminal filaments

was measured as the distance between the

points where they join the anther tube and

hypanthium. All dimensions are inclusive,

viz. 1.0-1.7 is given as 1-1.7.

Taxonomy

1. Lobelia fenshamii N.G.Walsh & Albr. sp.

nov. with affinity to Isotoma fluviatilis (R.Br.)

F.Muell. ex Benth., differing in its smaller,

Austrobaileya 10(4): 583-593 (2020)

slightly more actinomorphic corollas that lack

both contrasting yellow-green patches in the

throat and a contrasting darker transverse

colour band towards the base of the lower

3 lobes, shorter calyx lobes, almost entirely

connate staminal filaments that are wholly

free of the corolla and indehiscent fruits. Also

with affinity to Lobelia fontana , but differing

in its smaller corollas, shorter hypanthium,

shorter calyx lobes, shorter anther tube,

absence of bracteoles, shorter and differently

shaped fruits that tend to be downturned into

the soil, and seeds with a vermiculate surface

pattern. It superficially resembles Lobelia

irrigua R.Br. but that species has unisexual

flowers, a deeply cleft corolla tube, shortly

connate staminal filaments, longer fruits

and seeds with a reticulate-alveolate surface

pattern. Typus: Queensland. Mitchell

District: Myross, E of Aramac, 15 May

2000, R.J. Fensham 3883 (holo: BRI).

Isotoma sp. (Myross R.J. Fensham 3883);

Forster (2007: 41, 2010: 36, 2018, 2020);

CHAH (2020).

Herbaceous semi-aquatic rhizomatous

perennial forb , completely prostrate and

loosely mat-forming or ascending slightly

(to c. 4 cm high), rooting at the nodes. Stems

terete, zig-zagged, glabrous, often spongy or

hollow. Leaves distichous, alternate, sessile

or with a petiole-like base to c. 2.5 mm long;

lamina narrowly to broadly elliptic, ovate or

obovate (often markedly different leaf shapes

occurring synchronously on the same plant),

flat or convex, rather thick-textured and rigid,

1.5—6(—10) mm long, 0.6-2(-6) mm wide,

l:w ratio 14—3:1, pale green to yellowish

green, glabrous, with 1-few minute embedded

marginal glands on each side, margin entire

or minutely indented corresponding with

position of a gland, apex obtuse to rounded,

usually with a minute embedded apical gland,

base attenuate or rather abruptly tapered to a

petiole-like base. Flowers bisexual, solitary

in axils. Bracteoles absent. Pedicels 2-8

mm long (3-10 mm in fruit), not or barely

exceeding subtending leaf in flower, up to c.

twice as long as leaf in fruit, glabrous, widely

spreading or reflexed when fruiting, tending to

bury the fruit into the substrate. Hypanthium

Albrecht etal ., Two new species of Lobelia

obconical to obovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5-2.1

mm long, 1-1.4 mm wide, glabrous. Calyx

lobes erect in flower and fruit, triangular,

0.3-0.6 mm long and wide, glabrous, entire.

Corolla almost actinomorphic, rotate to

campanulate, very weakly 2-lipped, 1.5-2.8

mm long, wholly and evenly white to pale

cream or rarely with pinkish veins on abaxial

side of lobes; corolla lobes linear-lanceolate

to triangular, 1.3-1.6 mm long, 0.6—0.8(—1.1)

mm wide, spreading with slightly recurved

acute tips, glabrous; tube 0.5-1.3 mm long,

expanding slightly from base, c. 1.5 mm

diam. at throat, slightly to distinctly longer

than calyx lobes, not or weakly cleft on dorsal

side to within 0.5-1 mm of base, glabrous

or with a few spreading hairs internally

towards base. Staminal filaments 0.7—1(—1.2)

mm long, connate for all but up to 0.2 mm at

base, attached at apex of hypanthium, entirely

free from the corolla tube, glabrous. Anther

tube more than half to almost fully exserted

beyond dorsal corolla tube sinus, 0.7-1 mm

long, greyish-blue or purplish, glabrous

except around the apical orifice, two ventral

anthers each with an apical seta 0.2-0.3 mm

long and an associated tuft of finer hairs 0.1-

0.2 mm long, dorsal anthers glabrous apically.

Style glabrous; stigmatic lobes 2, elongate-

hemispherical. Fruit obovoid to broadly

ellipsoid or globose, slightly compressed

laterally, 2-3 mm long, 1.4-2.7 mm wide,

glabrous, inconspicuously veined; apical

portion raised 0.5-0.7 mm above the rim of

the hypanthium, apparently indehiscent and

releasing seeds through rupture or rotting of

the thin walls; persistent calyx lobes erect, not

accrescent. Seeds c. 20 per capsule, ellipsoid

to broadly ellipsoid, slightly compressed,

0.5-0.7 mm long, (0.25-)0.3-0.45 mm wide,

pale to mid-brown; testa with a network of

wavy ridges (vermiculate). Figs. 1 & 2.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. South

Kennedy District: ‘Doongmabulla’ NW of Clermont,

Feb 1999, Fensham 3336 (BRI). Mitchell District:

Edgbaston, E of Aramac, Feb 1998, Fensham 3334

(BRI); Edgbaston, Aramac, Mar 1995, Chuk E10 &

Wylks (BRI); First Spring, Edgbaston Reserve, E of

Aramac, Apr 2012, Bean 31636 (BRI). Warrego

District: Yowah Creek Springs, Bundoona, Feb 2005,

Fensham 5233 (BRI); ibid , Dec 2012, Silcock 1430 (IND,

MEL); ibid , Jun 2015, Silcock s.n. (MEL); ibid , May

2017, Albrecht 15027 (CANB).

585

Distribution and habitat : Lobelia

fenshamii occurs at two spring complexes

in central Queensland (near Barcaldine and

near Clermont) and one in south-central

Queensland (near Eulo). These sites are in the

Mitchell Grass Downs, Desert Uplands and

Mulga Lands bioregions (Department of the

Environment and Energy 2013) respectively.

Lobelia fenshamii is confined to shallow

pools and seepage areas formed from artesian

springs. The associated vegetation is sedgy

grassland or shallow aquatic herbland with

commonly associated species including

Cyperus laevigatus L., Eragrostis fenshamii

B.K.Simon, Eriocaulon carsonii F.Muell.,

Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl, F.

ferruginea (L.) Vahl, Myriophyllum artesium

Halford & Fensham, Sporobolus pamelae

B.K. Simon and Utricularia fenshamii

R.W.Jobson. The soils are neutral-alkaline

clayey sands and remain permanently wet.

Phenology : Flowers have been noted all year

round.

Notes : Lobelia fenshamii has been informally

known as Isotoma sp. (Myross R.J.Fensham

3883) (Forster 2007,2010,2018,2019), sharing

with other species of Isotoma an entire, or

very shortly cleft corolla tube. Preliminary

molecular data indicate that L. fenshamii is

sister to L. fontana (described herein) (Knox

et al., unpublished data). It most resembles

Isotoma fluviatilis (with three subspecies

currently recognised) and Lobelia fontana , in

having flowers with an entire (or very nearly

entire) corolla tube and prostrate, mat-forming

habit. The generally wet habitat is common

to all three species. It differs from all three

subspecies of I fluviatilis in its slightly more

actinomorphic, smaller corollas (1.5-2.8 mm

long, vs. 3-16 mm long for I. fluviatilis) that

lack both contrasting yellow-green patches in

the throat and a contrasting darker transverse

colour band towards the base of the lower 3

lobes, shorter calyx lobes (0.3-0.6 mm long,

vs. (0.5-)0.7-2.5 mm long), almost entirely

connate staminal filaments (vs. connate for

less than half their length) that are wholly free

of the corolla (vs. adnate for 0.9-4 mm) and in

its indehiscent (vs. dehiscent) fruits. Further

differences are apparent for individual

586

Austrobaileya 10(4): 583-593 (2020)

Fig. 1. Lobelia fenshamii , showing flowers, immature fruits and leaf variation (cultivated plant ex Albrecht 15027,

CANB). Photo: D. Albrecht.

Fig. 2. Lobelia fenshamii seed (population voucher Silcock s.n MEL).

Albrecht et al., Two new species of Lobelia

subspecies of I. fluviatilis ; for example,

flowers are unisexual in subsp. fluviatilis (vs.

bisexual in L. fenshamii ) and the lower three

corolla lobes have conspicuous spreading

hairs on the adaxial surface in I. fluviatilis

subsp. australis McComb and I. fluviatilis

subsp. borealis McComb (vs. glabrous in L.

fenshamii). All populations of I. fluviatilis

are at least 650 km away from the closest

population of L. fenshamii. Lobelia fenshamii

differs from L. fontana in its smaller corollas

(1.5-2.8 mm long, vs. 6-9.5 mm long), shorter

hypanthium (1.5-2.1 mm long, vs. 3.5-7 mm

long), shorter calyx lobes (0.3-0.6 mm long,

vs. 1.1-1.8 mm long), shorter anther tube

(0.7-1 mm long, vs. 1.5-2 mm long), absence

of bracteoles (vs. present but minute), shorter

and differently shaped fruits (2-3 mm long

and obovoid to broadly ellipsoid or globose,

vs. >4.5 mm long and obconical) that tend

to be downturned into the soil rather than

prostrate on it and seeds with a vermiculate

(vs. areolate) surface pattern. Lobelia

fenshamii superficially resembles some forms

of the variable L. irrigua , but that species

has unisexual flowers, a deeply cleft corolla

tube, shortly connate staminal filaments,

longer fruits (5-8 mm long) and seeds with a

reticulate-alveolate surface pattern.

Conservation status : Lobelia fenshamii is

known from three localities, none larger

than 6 km 2 ; c. 100 km north of Barcaldine

(‘Edgbaston’ and adjacent ‘Myross’), c. 165

km NW of Clermont (‘Doongmabulla’) and

c. 35 km NE of Eulo (‘Yowah Creek’). The

distance between the northernmost and

southernmost localities is about 665 km.

Eighteen subpopulations are distributed

between Edgbaston/Myross (14) and

Doongmabulla (4), while the Yowah Creek

locality consists of a single subpopulation,

but is the largest of all the subpopulations.

There have been extensive surveys of springs

of the Great Artesian Basin suggesting

further populations are unlikely to be found,

but it is likely that other populations existed

prior to stocking and establishment of bores

(Commonwealth of Australia 2014; Fensham

etal. 2016b).

587

The Myross and Yowah Creek

subpopulations occur on properties managed

primarily for cattle. The Doongmabulla

property is also managed for stock but the

subpopulations are protected by a Nature

Refuge Agreement. The subpopulations

located on the Bush Heritage Australia

property ‘Edgbaston’ are managed for

conservation (R. Fensham pers. comm.).

Approximately half of the artesian springs

recorded from Queensland have ceased to

flow since European settlement due to water

extraction through artificial bores, including

many in the Barcaldine supergroup, which

includes Doongmabulla and Edgbaston

(Fensham et al. 2016a; Fahey et al. 2019). A

government bore-capping program has helped

to reduce the dramatic decline in functional

springs; however, the exact outcomes of

this program have not been evaluated

(GABCC 2014). An impending threat to the

Doongmabulla population is potential draw¬

down associated with the development of

the Adani Carmichael Mine (Fensham et al.

2016b; Currell et al. 2017).

Although apparently not grazed, Lobelia

fenshamii may become trampled into the

ground where the population density of cattle

or goats is high and/or concentrated on springs.

Pigs remain a minor threat at some sites.

Applying IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012), the risk

assessment produces a result for L. fenshamii

of Endangered (EN, B2ab), based on Area

of Occupancy (AOO) <250 km 2 , fragmented

occurrence - fewer than 10 locations, and

projected continuing reduction in area of

occupation, number of subpopulations and

mature individuals. This species is currently

listed as Vulnerable under the Queensland

Nature Conservation Act 1992.

Attempts to cultivate the species have

been successful in the short, but not long term.

It is recommended that seeds are collected

and stored in a recognised seed bank, and

that research is undertaken to understand

germination requirements.

588

Etymology : The specific epithet honours Dr

Rod Fensham of the Queensland Herbarium

(BRI) and Department of Biological Sciences,

The University of Queensland (UQ), whose

outstanding ecological research on artesian

springs has been instrumental in drawing

attention to the importance of conserving

these unique environments.

2. Lobelia fontana Albr. & N.G.Walsh sp. nov.

with affinity to Isotomafluviatilis , differing in

its corolla lacking both contrasting yellow-

green patches in the throat and a contrasting

darker transverse colour band towards the

base of the lower 3 lobes (rarely a very faint

pinkish line transverses the base of the central

lobe of the lower lip), often longer hypanthium,

staminal filaments connate for greater than

half their length and indehiscent fruits. Also

with affinity to Lobelia fenshamii , differing in

its larger corolla, longer hypanthium, longer

calyx lobes, longer anther tube, presence of

minute bracteoles, longer obconical fruits that

tend to be prostrate on the soil surface and

seeds with a different surface pattern. Typus:

Queensland. Gregory North District:

Elizabeth Springs, c. 100 km SE of Boulia, 24

February 1999, R. J. Fensham 3676 (holo: BRI

[1 sheet & spirit material]).

Isotoma sp. (Elizabeth Springs R.J.Fensham

3676); Forster (2018, 2020).

Herbaceous semi-aquatic rhizomatous

perennial forb , prostrate and mat-forming,

rooting at the nodes. Stems terete, straight

to weakly zig-zagged, glabrous. Leaves

distichous, alternate, sessile or with a petiole¬

like base to c. 2.5 mm long; lamina obovate

or elliptic, rarely ovate, flat, rather thick-

textured, 4-13.5 mm long, (1.5-)2-6.5(-7.2)

mm wide, l:w ratio 1.5-2.5:1, glossy green,

glabrous, margins entire or with few minute

inconspicuous teeth or indentations, the teeth

or indentations corresponding with position

of a gland, apex obtuse to rounded, with a

minute embedded apical gland, base attenuate

or gradually tapered to a petiole-like base.

Flowers bisexual, solitary in axils. Bracteoles

linear, 0.1-0.3 mm long, inconspicuous at

base of pedicel. Pedicels 2.5-13 mm long,

not or scarcely elongating in fruit, shorter

or longer than subtending leaf, glabrous,

Austrobaileya 10(4): 583-593 (2020)

tending to be prostrate in fruit. Hypanthium

cylindric-obconical to obconical, narrowed

abruptly just below calyx lobes, 3.5-7 mm

long, 1.7-2.5 mm wide, glabrous. Calyx lobes

erect in flower and fruit, narrowly triangular

to triangular, 1.1-1.8 mm long, glabrous,

entire. Corolla very weakly zygomorphic,

almost actinomorphic, very weakly 2-lipped,

6-9.5 mm long, wholly and evenly white to

pale cream except for an inconspicuous green

region at the base of the tube internally, rarely

with either a very faint pinkish tinge on the

external surface of the tube or lobes, a faint

touch of pink near the sinuses between the

lobes or a very faint pinkish transverse line

across the base of the central lobe of the lower

lip; upper lip 2-lobed, the lobes triangular-

lanceolate to elliptic, 4-6.2(-7.2) mm long, 1-2

mm wide, spreading with recurved acute tips,

glabrous; lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes basally

fused for (0-)0.3-1.3 mm above sinus with

upper lip, lobes triangular, broadly lanceolate

or elliptic, 37-6.5 mm long, 1-2.2 mm wide,

spreading with recurved acute tips, glabrous;

tube 2.3-3.5 mm long, 1.2-1.8 mm diameter

at base broadening to 1.5-3 mm diameter at

apex, weakly cleft on dorsal side to within

2-3.2 mm of base, glabrous externally, with

spreading to reflexed hairs towards the base

internally. Staminal filaments 3-4.2 mm long,

connate distally for (1.5—)2—3.5 mm, although

the connate part readily splitting between

the filaments, adnate to the base of the

corolla tube for 0.2-1.7 mm, glabrous or with

sparse inconspicuous hairs on inner surface.

Anther tube fully exserted beyond dorsal

corolla tube sinus, 1.5-2 mm long, greyish-

blue to purplish or yellow-brown, glabrous

except around the apical orifice, two ventral

anthers each with an apical seta 0.25-0.5

mm long and an associated tuft of finer hairs

0.05-0.2 mm long, dorsal anthers glabrous

apically. Style glabrous; stigmatic lobes 2,

elongate-hemispherical. Fruit obconical, not

or slightly compressed laterally, 4.5-5.5 mm

long (but possibly up to c. 8 mm), 2.2-2.5

mm wide, glabrous, veins not evident; apical

portion raised 0.6-1.3 mm above the rim of

the hypanthium, apparently indehiscent and

releasing seeds through rupture or rotting of

the fruit walls; persistent calyx lobes erect,

Albrecht et al., Two new species of Lobelia

589

Fig. 3. Lobelia fontana, showing flowers and immature fruits (population voucher Fensham 6411, BRI). Photo: S.

Peck.

Fig. 4. Lobelia fontana flower (cultivated plant exJobson 2626, NSW). Photo: A.E. Orme.

590

Austrobaileya 10(4): 583-593 (2020)

Fig. 5. Lobelia fontana immature fruit with withered corolla (cultivated plant ex Jobson 2626, NSW). Photo: A.E.

Orme.

Fig. 6. Lobelia fontana seed (population voucher Jobson 2626, NSW).

Albrecht et al., Two new species of Lobelia

not accrescent. Seeds mid-brown, ellipsoid to

broadly ellipsoid, slightly compressed, 0.55-

0.6 mm long, c. 0.45 mm wide; testa with a

network of ridges enclosing irregular spaces

(areolate). Figs. 3-6.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland.

Gregory North District: Elizabeth Springs, Mar

2014, Fensham 6411 , (BRI); ibid, Apr 2015, Jobson 2626

(NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Lobelia fontana

is known only from Elizabeth Springs in

central western Queensland (SE of Boulia)

in the Mitchell Grass Downs bioregion

(Department of the Environment and Energy

2013). This population is very isolated with no

other Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae recorded

within at least a 150 km radius of Elizabeth

Springs.

Lobelia fontana is restricted to seepage

areas formed from artesian springs. It occurs

in sedgy grassland, particularly where

the vegetation is short, and is commonly

associated with Eragrostis fenshamii,

Cyperus laevigatus, Eriocaulon carsonii,

Fimbristylis dichotoma and Utricularia

ameliae R.W. Jobson. The soils are mineralised

clayey sands and remain permanently wet.

Phenology : Flowers have been noted from

October to May; however, observations are

limited and it may have a more extended

flowering season.

Notes : Lobelia fontana has been informally

known as Isotoma sp. (Elizabeth Springs R. J.

Fensham 3676) (Forster 2018, 2020), sharing

with other species of Isotoma a very shortly

cleft corolla tube. Preliminary molecular

data indicate that L. fontana is sister to L.

fenshamii (Knox et al., unpublished data). It

most resembles Isotoma fluviatilis (with three

subspecies currently recognised) and Lobelia

fenshamii (described herein), in having

flowers with a very weakly cleft corolla

tube and prostrate, mat-forming habit. The

generally wet habitat is common to all three

species. It differs from all three subspecies

of I fluviatilis in its corolla lacking both

contrasting yellow-green patches in the throat

and a contrasting darker transverse colour

band towards the base of the lower three lobes

591

(rarely a very faint pinkish line traverses the

base of the central lobe of the lower lip), often

longer hypanthium (3.5-7 mm long, vs. 1-4.5

mm long in L. fluviatilis), staminal filaments

connate for greater than half their length (vs.

connate for less than half their length) and

indehiscent (vs. dehiscent) fruits. Further

differences are apparent for individual

subspecies of I. fluviatilis, for example flowers

are unisexual in I fluviatilis subsp. fluviatilis

(vs. bisexual in Lobelia fontana) and the

lower three corolla lobes have conspicuous

spreading hairs on the adaxial surface in I.

fluviatilis subsp. australis and I fluviatilis

subsp. borealis (vs. glabrous in L. fontana).

The nearest population of I. fluviatilis to

Elizabeth Springs is c. 1200 km to the south

east. Lobeliafontana differs from L. fenshamii

in its larger corollas (6-9.5 mm long, vs.

1.5-2.8 mm long), longer hypanthium (3.5-7

mm long, vs. 1.5-2.1 mm long), longer calyx

lobes (1.1-1.8 mm long, vs. 0.3-0.6 mm long),

longer anther tube (1.5-2 mm long, vs. 0.7-1

mm long), presence (vs. absence) of minute

bracteoles, longer differently shaped fruits (>

4.5 mm long and obconical, vs. 2-3 mm long

and obovoid to broadly ellipsoid or globose)

that tend to be prostrate on the soil surface

rather than downturned into the soil and seeds

with surface ridges that are not strongly wavy

(vs. vermiculate). The nearest population of L.

fenshamii to Elizabeth Springs is at Edgbaston

c. 500 km due east south east.

The description of Lobelia fontana is

based on rather limited material, especially

with respect to fruits and seeds.

Conservation status : Lobelia fontana is

known from a single location and is the most

restricted of all Queensland artesian spring

endemics. Its extent of occurrence is estimated

to be as low as 0.09 km 2 , with the largest patch

being only c. 25 m 2 (S. Peck pers. comm.,

2010). Determining the number of plants

present is difficult due to the growth habit of

the species and molecular techniques may be

required to establish how many genotypes

are contained in the population. A working

estimate of < 100 individuals is presently

being used. The entire population occurs

within the Elizabeth Springs Conservation

592

Park, which is fenced to exclude livestock

and feral pigs. However, the fence has been

breached on at least one occasion and it is

unlikely that difficulties in maintaining secure

fencing will be overcome in the foreseeable

future (R. Fensham pers. comm.). Digging by

pigs remains a potential significant threat as a

single serious event could render the species

extinct. Regular checks for fence breaches

and pig damage within the conservation park

should continue indefinitely and management

actions undertaken immediately as required.

Applying IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012), the risk

assessment produces a result for L. fontana

of Critically Endangered (CR). Lobelia

fontana qualifies as CR based on B2ab (AOO

< 10 km 2 , known to exist at a single location,

and projected continuing decline in area of

occupation, quality of habitat and mature

individuals) and C2aii (population size < 250

mature individuals, with a projected decline

in population size, and all mature individuals

occurring in a single population). This species

is currently listed as Endangered under the

Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992.

Attempts to cultivate Lobelia fontana

have achieved similar results to those for

L. fenshamii with some short, but not long¬

term success. It is recommended that seeds

are collected and stored in a recognised seed

bank as a matter of urgency, and that research

is undertaken to understand germination

requirements.

Etymology : The specific epithet is from the

Latin fans , spring of water, in reference to the

artesian spring habitat of this species.

Acknowledgements:

We are grateful to Rod Fensham (BRI, UQ)

for drawing our attention to the two new

species, for collecting live material and for

providing information on their ecology and

conservation status; to Jen Silcock (UQ),

Stephen Peck (QLD Parks & Wildlife Service)

and Gabrielle Lebbink (UQ) for collecting

live material; to Stephen Peck and Andrew

Or me (National Herbarium of New South

Wales) for providing images; to Chris Cargill

for assistance with SEM imagery; to nursery

Austrobaileya 10(4): 583-593 (2020)

staff of the ANBG and ASDP for their interest

and perseverance in trying to grow these

species, and to the director of BRI for the loan

of specimens.

References:

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E.B. (2018). Lobelia claviflora ( Campanulaceae:

Lobelioideae), a new species from northern New

South Wales, Australia. Telopea 21: 121-127.

Antonelli, A. (2008). Higher level phylogeny and

evolutionary trends in Campanulaceae subfam.

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Basin springs - Springsure, Eulo, Bourke and

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ecology and hydrogeology. Report, prepared

by UniQuest for the Department of the

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Currell, M.J., Werner, A.D., Mcgrath, C., Webb,

J.A. & Berkman, M. (2017). Problems with

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to regulation of Australian mining projects:

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(2013). Australia’s bioregions (IBRA), IBRA7.

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environment.gov.au/land/nrs/science/ibra,

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files/resources/422b5f66-dfba-4e89-adda-

bl69fe408fel/files/information-guidelines-

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dependent-ecosystems.pdf, accessed 6 March

2020 .

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(2019). Chloris circumfontinalis (Poaceae):

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Habermehl, M.A. (2016a). In search of lost

springs: A protocol for locating active and

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Fensham, R.J., Silcock, J.L., Laffineur, B. &

Macdermott, H.J. (2016b). Lake Eyre Basin

Springs Assessment Project: Hydrogeology,

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in the Barcaldine, Springvale and Flinders

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-(2020). Campanulaceae. In G.K. Brown & P.D.

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desert springs. Diversity and Distributions 24:

1199-1216.

Denhamia megacarpa J.J.Halford & Jessup and D.

peninsularis J.J.Halford & Jessup (Celastraceae),

two new species from Queensland

J.J. Halford & L.W. Jessup

Summary

Halford, J.J. & Jessup L.W. (2020), Denhamia megacarpa J.J. Halford & Jessup and D. peninsularis

J.J. Halford & Jessup (Celastraceae), two new species from Queensland. Austrobaileya 10(4):

594-603. Two new species of Denhamia Meisn. are described, viz. D. megacarpa J.J.Halford &

Jessup, D. peninsularis J.J.Halford & Jessup, and the new combination, D. muelleri (Benth.) Jessup is

made based on Celastrus muelleri Benth. The two new species are illustrated and notes are provided

on distribution, habitat and conservation status. An identification key to Australian Denhamia is

provided.

Key Words: Celastraceae; Denhamia ; Denhamia megacarpa., Denhamia muelleri. Denhamia

peninsularis ; Australia flora; Queensland flora; taxonomy; identification key; conservation status

J.J. Halford, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong. Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: jason.halford@des.qld.

gov.au

L .W. Jessup, c/o Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong. Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

The genus Denhamia Meisn. (Celastraceae)

consists of 15 species of trees and shrubs

distributed across Australia and the

western Pacific. Following inference based

on molecular and morphological studies

(Simmons et al. 2008), the genus has been

expanded to incorporate the Austral-Pacific

Maytenus Molina (McKenna et al. 2011),

from which it was previously separated on

locule and ovule numbers (e.g. Jessup 1984).

Thirteen species occur in Australia with ten

occurring in Queensland.

In this paper we describe two new

species of Denhamia from Queensland,

Australia, that have capsular fruit with 2-5

locules and 2-10 ovules, features on which

the genus was originally circumscribed.

Denhamia megacarpa has a highly restricted

occurrence, known only from several isolated

subpopulations from tablelands in central

Queensland, whereas D. peninsularis is

Accepted for publication 24 February 2020

restricted to northern Cape York Peninsula,

Queensland. A key to Australian Denhamia

is provided to demonstrate the characteristics

that separate the newly described species

from all others.

Simmons in McKenna et al. (2011) made

an invalid combination in publishing the

name Denhamia ferdinandii when an earlier

epithet should have been used for this species.

The correct new combination for this is made

below.

Materials and methods

Dried and spirit collections were examined of

the undescribed Denhamia species held at the

Queensland Herbarium (BRI) and all closely

related taxa. Measurements were made from

dried material with the exception of floral

components from which measurements were

taken from material in spirit. Targeted field

surveys for D. megacarpa were carried out at

known locations and suitable habitat, on four

separate occasions between May 2014 and

April 2019 (see Halford 2019 for details) to

supplement the morphological examinations.

595

Halford & Jessup, New species of Denhamia

Measurements are inclusive in the

descriptions, i.e. 1.0-17 is given as 1-1.7.

National Park is abbreviated as NP in the

specimen citations.

Taxonomy

1. Denhamia megacarpa J.J.Halford &

Jessup sp. nov. With affinity to D. oleaster

(Lindl.) F.Muell., but differing by the longer,

narrower leaves (5-12.5 x 0.5-2 cm) with a

thick waxy cuticle on the lower surface, a

more complex and expansive inflorescence

and larger fruits (2.9-5.5 cm long). Typus:

Queensland. Leichhardt District:

Mackenzie (tableland), c. 5 km along

Karramarra Road from Willie Creek - Royles

Road, 16 April 2019, J.J. Halford JJH635 & S.

Bush (holo: BRI; iso: CANB, K).

Denhamia sp. (Junee Tableland T. J.McDonald

553); Jessup (1997: 45; 2002: 44; 2007: 44;

2010: 39); Jessup & Halford (2020).

Shrub or tree to 8 m tall, glabrous; the

trunk white to pale grey, mottled, often

becoming deeply fluted at the base; branchlets

pendulous. Leaves coriaceous and stiff, with

a thick, white, waxy cuticle below making

them strongly discolorous; stipules linear-

triangular, 0.2-0.5 mm long, caducous.

Juvenile and coppicing leaves with petioles

0.2-0.4 cm long; lamina similar to adult

form, but with distinctly toothed margins and

a pungent tip, to 19.5 cm long and 0.8-1.5

cm wide. Adult leaves with petioles 0.3-1.3

cm long; lamina lanceolate, linear or falcate

to narrowly elliptic, occasionally narrowly

oblanceolate; venation obvious and distinctly

raised on the upper side with numerous

secondary veins and prominent reticulate

tertiary veins, less so beneath and partly

obscured by the cuticle, 5-12.5 cm long and

0.5-2 cm wide, margins entire to shallowly

or occasionally toothed, gradually or abruptly

drawn to a blunt or pungent tip, the mucro to

0.9 mm long where present. Inflorescence an

axillary, many-flowered, compound cyme to

5.5 cm long; pedicels 4-11 mm long; flowers

5-merous; sepals semicircular, rounded or

oblong and concave, 1-1.5 mm long; petals

oblong-obovate and slightly convex, 4-5

mm long, cream to a pale greenish-yellow;

staminal filaments 1.5-2.5 mm long, anthers

± latrorse; ovary mostly exposed above disk,

imperfectly 3 (rarely 2-4)-locular with 8-10

ovules per locule; style 1-1.5 mm long; stigma

undivided or shortly 3-lobed. Capsules ovoid

(rarely obovoid), elongated, 2.9-5.5 cm long

and at least to 2.3 cm wide prior to dehiscence,

ripening yellow; valves woody, 2-5 mm thick,

the septa not touching axially, containing

several seeds 5-6 mm long enveloped in a

fleshy red aril. Fig. 1.

Additional selected specimens examined: Queensland.

South Kennedy District: c. 5 km W of Newlands

Mine, N of Glenden on Suttor North Station, Apr 2005,

Harris WKIH2161 (BRI). Leichhardt District: Eagle

Point, Junee Tableland, N of Dingo, Oct 2002, Bean

19387 (BRI); Junee Tableland, 80 km N of Dingo, Jun

1972, McDonald 553 (BRI); Junee Tableland, NW

corner, Nov 2015, Halford JJH444 & Bush (BRI); NW

escarpment, Junee NP, North of Dingo, Feb 2006, Bean

24633 (BRI); Junee Tableland, NW corner. May 2014,

Halford JJH356 & Williams (BRI); Junee Tableland,

N of Dingo, Nov 1990, Bean 2621 (BRI); Mackenzie

(tableland), c. 3 km along Coreen Road from Willie

Creek - Royles Road, Apr 2019, Halford JJH634 & Bush

(BRI); SE of Mackenzie River, Feb 1993, Fensham 446

(BRI); c. 50 km N of Dingo, s.dat., Bunn TRIK (BRI);

Burkan, c. 11.75 km along Burkan Road, from turnoff at

Alsace, Apr 2019, Halford JJH633 & Bush (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Denhamia

megacarpa is known from three

subpopulations in eastern central

Queensland, those being the tableland at the

locality of Mackenzie, north of Dingo; the

Junee Tableland near Middlemount where it

was first recorded in 1972 and an outlying

subpopulation at Newlands, west of Mackay

(see Map 1). These three subpopulations

are geographically isolated, confined to

separate geological features that are in effect,

ecological islands. The Mackenzie and Junee

subpopulations are separated by a distance of

approximately 50 km by the cleared and highly

modified Mackenzie River floodplain. The

Newlands subpopulation lies approximately

205 km north of the Junee subpopulation.

These subpopulations are considered to be

genetically isolated from each other (Halford

2019). Only the Junee subpopulation is

currently protected within the reserve system

(one location in Junee National Park, one

location in Junee State Forest).

596

Austrobaileya 10(4): 594-603 (2020)

Fig. 1 . Denliamia megacarpa. A. pendulous habit of branchlet with persistent dehisced capsule *1. B. juvenile leaf

xl. C. adult leaf xl. D. cuticle detail on abaxial side of leaf x40. E. inflorescence >4,25. F. flower x5. G. fruit (insect

infested and failing to reach maturity) xl. H. dehisced fruit with seed enclosed in aril xl.25. A from Halford JJH634 &

Bush (BRI); B-D & G from Halford JJH356 & Williams (BRI); E from Halford JJH635 & Bush (BRI); F from Halford

JJH444 & Bush (BRI); H from Bunn TRIK (BRI). Scale bar = 10 mm at xl magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

597

Halford & Jessup, New species of Denhamia

Denhamia megacarpa favours shallow,

Cainozoic lateritic duricrusts on or near steep

upper slopes at the edge of the tablelands

in association with Acacia shirleyi Maiden

and/or A. catenulata C.T.White (Regional

Ecosystem (RE) 11.7.2, see Queensland

Herbarium 2019 for description), or

immediately adjacent upon the tablelands

in woodland of Eucalyptus crebra F.Muell.

and Corymbia brachycarpa (D.J.Carr &

S.G.M.Carr) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson

(RE 11.5.9b), usually on deeper Cainozoic

sandplains. This habitat preference is strongly

apparent at Junee Tableland where, based on

current search effort, the species is confined

to the north-west corner of the tableland.

The Mackenzie subpopulation is the most

populous (a density of c. three individuals

per hectare where present) although this

subpopulation maintains a patchy distribution

with individuals clustered mostly adjacent to,

and always within 1 km of the escarpment.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded in

November and April, while mature fruits

have been recorded in February.

Notes : Denhamia megacarpa appears to be

most similar to D. oleaster but differs from

that species by having longer and narrower

leaves (4-8 cm long and 1-3.5 cm wide in D.

oleaster) with a very thick waxy cuticle on the

lower surface; usually a more complex and

more open inflorescence with more extensive

and longer branches and longer pedicels (4-11

mm long in D. megacarpa , < 4 mm long in

D. oleaster ); and an elongated capsule to 5.5

cm long (to 2.8 cm long in D. oleaster) with a

notably thick wall to 0.5 cm (to < 2mm in D.

oleaster).

Denhamia megacarpa occurs within the

eastern extent of the widespread D. oleaster

with that species favouring soils of higher clay

content that support vegetation communities

with more closed structures such as vine

thickets and forests dominated by brigalow

(Acacia harpophylla F.Muell ex Benth.).

D. megacarpa appears to favour shallower

sands and lateritic surfaces - the relatively

accentuated sclerophyllous composition of

the leaf of D. megacarpa a likely adaptation

to nutrient poor soils (Beadle 1966; Read &

Sanson 2003) with the thick waxy cuticle on

the abaxial leaf surface a possible adaptation

to a more xeric environment (Schreiber &

Riederer 1996) to that of D. oleaster. The two

species have not been observed co-occurring

(JJH pers. obs.).

Denhamia megacarpa also appears to be

similar to D. obscura (A.Rich.) Meisn. ex

Walp but differs mostly from that species by

its longer and narrower leaves, particularly

in the juvenile stage (to 15 cm long and 6

cm wide in D. obscura) and a thicker lamina

with more prominent venation. D. megacarpa

generally develops a more open inflorescence

with pedicels 4—11 mm in length (1-3.5 mm in

length within D. obscura), flowers with longer

filaments (1.5-2.5 mm compared to < 1 mm in

D. obscura) and a more pronounced style (1-

1.5 mm in length compared to little or no style

in D. obscura. Mature fruits of D. megacarpa

are longer, more elongated and ovoid or

obovoid (shorter, broader and more globose

in D. obscura). The two species are allopatric

with D. obscura occuring in the top end of

the Northern Territory and adjacent northern

Western Australia - the closest occurrence c.

1400 km north-west of D. megacarpa.

Denhamia megacarpa probably has

naturally low fertility rates. This could in part

be due to high levels of predation of buds,

flowers and fruits by insect larvae, observed in

the field and on preserved specimens. Despite

the first collection of this taxon in 1972, a

paucity of quality fertile herbarium material

exists and only recently have flowering

specimens been obtained. Recruitment is

considered to be low with no juvenile plants

observed during the most recent surveys.

Conservation status : Based on the IUCN

(2012) criteria, this species has been

nominated by Halford (2019), under the

hispid name Denhamia sp. (Junee Tableland

T. J.McDonald 553), as Endangered - EN A4

(a); B1&B2 a, b (iii, v); Cl.

598

The overall population size for Denhamia

megacarpa is estimated at < 1000 mature

individuals. It is considered to be naturally

rare with a highly fragmented population. The

landscape within the extent of occurrence for

D. megacarpa has been extensively modified

for grazing and to a lesser extent, mining and

cropping and as such, the subpopulations

at Newlands and Mackenzie have been

exposed to historic and ongoing threats of

land clearing. Mining interests occur over

the Junee State Forest and the tableland at the

location of Mackenzie and mining activities

are ongoing in the vicinity of the Newlands

subpopulation. Despite a preference for xeric

environments, D. megacarpa is sensitive

to the effects of fire with high intensity fire

resulting in mortality or crown death followed

by coppicing from the lower trunk, with no

suckering evident (JJH pers. obs.). Fires that

are too frequent and/or high in intensity pose

a serious threat (Halford 2019).

Etymology : The species epithet is given in

reference to the fruits that are the largest

known in the genus.

2. Denhamia peninsularis J.J.Halford

& Jessup sp. nov. With affinity to D.

celastroides (F.Muell.) Jessup, but differing

by the stiffer and generally shorter and

broader leaves, longer pedicels, shorter styles

and larger fruits. Typus: Queensland. Cook

District: 16.8 km NE of Heathlands by road,

29 February 1992, J.R. Clarkson 9256 & VJ.

Neldner (holo: BRI; iso: K).

Denhamia sp. (Jardine River B.P.Hyland

10250); Jessup (1997: 45; 2002: 44; 2007: 44;

2010: 39); Jessup & Halford (2020).

Denhamia sp. (Jardine River Mouth BH

10250); Hyland etal. (1994, 1999: 60).

Denhamia sp. (Jardine River Mouth); Cooper

& Cooper (2004: 114).

Shrub or small tree to 5 m tall, glabrous, the

trunk mottled grey; young branchlets subtly

striate. Leaves alternate and often crowded

near the ends of branchlets, coriaceous, stiff,

discolorous; stipules linear-triangular, 0.25-

0.3 mm long, caducous. Juvenile leaves with

petiole 0.5-0.7 cm long; lamina to 11.5 cm

Austrobaileya 10(4): 594-603 (2020)

long and 4 cm wide, with shallowly toothed

margins. Adult leaves with petiole 1.5-4

mm long; lamina oblanceolate to obovate

(occasionally lanceolate to elliptic), rarely

obcordate, attenuate at the base; venation

raised on both surfaces with 8-14 secondary

pairs, 3-9 cm long, 1.1-3.7 cm wide; margins

serrate to serrulate, sometimes obscure,

mucronate to (rarely) retuse. Inflorescence a

many flowered cyme to 7 cm long, pedicels

1.7-3 mm long. Flowers 5-merous, sepals

rounded to ovate and concave, entire or

sometimes erose, occasionally cuspidate,

1- 1.5 mm long; petals oblong-obovate to

rounded, concave, occasionally cuspidate,

2.5-4 mm long, cream to a pale yellow in

colour, staminal filaments 1.2-1.8 mm long,

anthers latrorse, ovary mostly exposed above

disk, imperfectly 3 (rarely 2-4)-locular with

2- 4 ovules per locule, style 1.2-1.7 mm long,

stigma 3-lobed. Capsules ovoid, to 1.6-2.4 cm

long when mature and at least to 14 mm wide

prior to dehiscence, ripening through yellow

to orange, valves woody, 1-2 mm thick, the

septa not touching axially, containing several

seeds 3-5 mm long, mostly enveloped in a

fleshy red aril. Fig. 2.

Additional selected specimens examined : Queensland.

Cook District: Jardine River Mouth, Feb 1980, Hyland

10250 (BRI); Turtle Head Island, May 1995, Le Cussan

416 (BRI); Cape York, N of Jardine River c. 32 km SE

of Bamaga, Oct 1971, Dodson s.n. (BRI [AQ003618]);

Cockatoo Creek at Old Telegraph Line crossing. Mar

1992, Clarkson 9328 & Neldner (BRI); 91.3 km SSE of

Bamaga, Oct 1993, FellDGF3674 & Dibella (BRI); 5 km

W of Shelburne Bay, 7 km NE of Red Cliffs, Cape York

Peninsula, Jun 2008, Forster P1F33873 & McDonald

(BRI); 3 km S of Shelburne Bay, 8 km W of Thorpe

Point, Cape York Peninsula, Jun 2008, Forster PIF33817

et al. (BRI); Cape York Peninsula, Shelburne Bay area

c. 1.5 km S from MacMillan River crossing track to

White (Wolona) Point, Jul 1990, Purdie 3700 (BRI); 6

km N of Olive River Mouth, Apr 1994, Fell DGF4226

et al. (BRI); N of Olive River Mouth, Sep 1974, Tracey

14472 (BRI); Olive River, Sep 1974, Hyland 7446 (BRI);

3.5 km from beach turnoff from Bolt Head on track to

Bromley Station, Jul 1990, Clarkson 8845 & Neldner

(BRI); Temple Bay, Bolt Head, Jun 1996, Forster

PIF19366 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Denhamia

peninsularis is restricted to northern Cape

York Peninsula from Bolt Head north to the

Jardine River south of Bamaga (Map 2). It

occurs at low elevations in dense shrublands

Halford & Jessup, New species of Denhamia

599

Fig. 2. Denhamia peninsularis. A. branchlet with inflorescence xl.5. B. juvenile leaf xl. C. adult leaf xl. D. flower

x8. E. branchlet with fruit xl. partially dehisced fruit x2. G. dehisced fruit with seed enclosed in aril x2. A from Le

Cussan 416 (BRI); B from FellDGF3674 & Dibella (BRI); C & G from Dodson s.n. (BRI [AQ003618]); D from Forster

PIF19366 (BRI); E from Hyland 10250 (BRI). Scale bar = 10 mm at xl magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

600

or low forests as closed heaths (e.g. REs

3.3.53a, 3.5.42, 3.2.17 and 3.2.18), or simple

notophyll vine forests and semi-deciduous

microphyll vine thickets in coastal or riparian

vegetation in siliceous white sands (e.g. REs

3.3.5a, 3.5.33 and 3.2.12).

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded in

February, and May - July, while mature fruits

have been collected in February, June, July

and October.

Notes: Denhamia peninsularis closely

resembles D. celastroides but the distributions

of these species do not overlap. Denhamia

celastroides occurs no further north than

the Windsor Tableland, c. 500 km from the

southern-most record of D. peninsularis.

Furthermore, the habitats of the two species

differ, with D. peninsularis occurring in

sands in coastal and riparian vegetation at low

altitudes (5-150 m), whereas, in its northern¬

most limits, D. celastroides is confined

to higher altitude (600-1200 m) complex

notophyll vine forests in granite derived

soils. Morphologically these two species

differ in their leaf texture and size (stiffer

with a smaller lamina length to breadth ratio

in D. peninsularis ), their floral components

(a longer pedicel and shorter style in D.

peninsularis) and mature fruits (capsules

Austrobaileya 10(4): 594-603 (2020)

larger (1.6-2.4 cm) and ripening orange in D.

peninsularis , while those of D. celastroides

are 1-1.7 cm and ripen yellow). Other species

of Denhamia that occur within the range of

D. peninsularis are D. cunninghamii (Hook.)

M.R Simmons, D. fasciculiflora (Jessup)

M.R Simmons and D. oleaster , all of which are

easily distinguished from each other based on

the features outlined in the key below.

Conservation status: Denhamia peninsularis

occurs in intact vegetation in a generally

undeveloped region and is well represented

within the reserve system, albeit with a

limited extent of occurrence (6693 km 2 ) and

area of occupancy (52 km 2 ) (derived using

GeoCat: Bachman et al. 2011), A listing of

Least Concern is therefore recommended for

this species.

Etymology: The species epithet is given in

reference to Cape York Peninsula, the location

to where this species is confined.

3. Denhamia muelleri (Benth.) Jessup,

comb, nov.; Celastrus muelleri Benth., FI.

Austral. 1: 399 (1863); Maytenus ferdinandi

Jessup, FI. Aust. 22: 223 (1984); Denhamia

ferdinandi (Jessup) M.R Simmons, Syst. Bot.

36: 929 (2011) nom. inval.\ non Maytenus

muelleri Schwacke.

Key to Australian Denhamia species (adapted from Jessup 1984):

1 Ovary perfectly 2 or 3-locular with ovules 2 per locule at base of septa;

septa connate, touching axially in fruit; valves of capsules crustaceous

(formerly in Maytenus) .2

1. Ovary perfectly or imperfectly 2-5-locular with ovules 2-10 per

locule, not confined to base of septa; septa touching near apex, base

connate but otherwise not touching in axially in fruit, valves of

capsules mostly woody {Denhamia in the original sense).7

2 Aril thick, restricted to base of seed.3

2. Aril thin, surrounding at least half seed.4

3 Flowers 4-merous, disc c. 1 mm diameter E Qld, NE NSW.D. disperma

3. Flowers 5-merous; disc c. 2.3 mm diameter N NT, N WA.D. muelleri

4 Flowers in fascicles. NE Qld.D. fasciculiflora

4. Flowers in racemes.5

Halford & Jessup, New species of Denhamia 601

5 Leaves bright green concolorous or rarely discolorous,

margins always entire, not recurved. Qld, N NSW, NT and

N WA.D. cuiminghamii

5. Leaves discolorous, grey-green below, darker above; margins usually

serrate, slightly recurved.6

6 Leaves narrowly lanceolate, narrowly ovate, obovate or oblanceolate,

length:breadth 12-4.5:1, apices usually acuminate, mucronate or

acute SE Qld, E NSW.D. silvestris

6. Leaves broadly lanceolate, elliptic, ovate or obovate, length:breadth

3-2:1, apices usually obtuse to slightly acuminate. E Qld,

NE NSW D. bilocularis

7 Adult leaves serrate or serrulate, sometimes obscurely so.8

7. Adult leaves entire.12

8 Ovary perfectly 3-5-locular; capsule depressed-globular or slightly

obovoid; septa connate axially in fruit. E Qld.D. pittosporoides

8. Ovary perfectly or imperfectly 3-locular; capsule ovoid; septa not

connate axially in fruit.9

9 Capsule 27-5.5 cm long and walls 3-5 mm thick; style 1-1.5 mm long;

lamina below thickly covered in waxy cuticle; petiole 5-13 mm long.

Central Qld.D. megacarpa

9. Capsule no greater than 2.4 cm long or walls no greater than 2 mm thick.10

10 Style to 0.3 mm long; lamina 0.5-3 cm long; petiole 0.6-1 mm long.

SE Qld.D. parvifolia

10. Style greater than 1 mm long; lamina > 3 cm long; petiole > 1 mm.11

11 Style 1.2-1.7 mm long; pedicel 1.7-3 mm long; lamina 3-9 cm long and

1.1-3.7 cm wide, petiole 1.5-4 mm long; capsule 1.6-2.4 cm long.

Cape York, Qld.D. peninsularis

11. Style 2-2.5 mm long; pedicel to 1 mm long; lamina 4-12 cm long and

1-4.5 cm wide, petiole 2-5 mm long; capsule 1-1.7 cm long. E. Qld,

NE NSW.D. celastroides

12 Valves of capsules coriaceous; septa at least partially connate or

touching axially. NE NSW.D. moorei

12. Valves of capsule woody; septa not touching axially.13

13 Capsule valves 0.3-0.5 mm thick; petiole 0.6-1 mm long. SE Qld.D. parvifolia

13. Capsule valves 0.9-5 mm thick; petiole 4-13 mm long.14

14 Filaments 0.5-1 mm long; style very short or obsolete; ovary

with 6 ovules per carpel; capsule valves 3-3.5 mm thick. N NT,

N WA.D. obscura

14. Filaments > 1.3 mm; style 0.4-1.5 mm long; ovary with 8-10, rarely 6,

ovules per carpel.15

602

Austrobcdleya 10(4): 594-603 (2020)

15 Pedicels 4-11 mm long; lamina with a thick waxy cuticle on

the abaxial surface; inflorescence a complex cyme; capsule

27-5.5 cm long and 3-5 mm thick; petals 4-5 mm long.

Central Qld.D. megacarpa

15. Pedicels no more than 4 mm long; lamina lacking a thick

waxy cuticle on the abaxial surface; inflorescence a simple

cyme or raceme; capsule no greater than 4.5 cm long or 3 mm

thick.16

16 Petals 3-3.5 mm long; capsule ovoid, rarely obovoid, 15-28 mm long;

inflorescence many-flowered. N & Central Qld.D. oleaster

16. Petals 3.5-4.5 mm long; capsule fusiform or obovoid, 25-45 mm long;

inflorescence 1-3-flowered. NE Qld.D. viridissima

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Simon Bush and Billie

Williams for their time spent in the field

during the most recent surveys of Denhamia

megacarpa , Nicole Crosswell for the

illustrations and Laura Simmons, Gordon

Guymer and an anonymous referee for their

valuable comments on the manuscript.

References

Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre,

J. & Scott, B. (2011). Supporting Red List

threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial

conservation assessment tool. In V. Smith

& L. Penev (eds.), e-Infrastrnctures for data

publishing in biodiversity science. ZooKeys

150: 117-126. (Version BETA).

Beadle, N.C.W. (1966). Soil phosphate and its role in

molding segments of the Australian flora and

vegetation with special reference to xeromorphy

and sclerophylly. Ecology 47: 992-1007.

Cooper, W. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the

Australian Tropical Rainforest , 114. Nokomis

Editions Pty Ltd: Melbourne.

Halford, J.J. (2019). Nomination to change the

conservation class of Denhamia sp. (Junee

Tableland T.J. McDonald 553) under the

Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992.

Department of Environment and Science:

Brisbane.

Hyland, B.P.M., Gray, B. & Elick, R.W. (1994).

Appendix I: Provisional Species List. In W.E.

Cooper & W.T. Cooper, W.T. Fruits of the Rain

Forest: A Guide to Fruits in Australian Tropical

Rainforest. RD Press: Sydney.

Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T.P., Christophel, DC.,

Gray, B., Elick, R.W. & Ford, A.J. (1999).

Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs.

CSIRO Publications: Melbourne.

Iucn (2012). International Union for the Conservation of

Nature. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria:

Version 3.1 , 2 nd ed. https://www.iucnredlist.org/

resources/categories-and-criteria, accessed 27

May 2019.

Jessup, L.W. (1984). Celastraceae. In A.S. George (ed.),

Flora of Australian-. 150-180. Bureau of Flora

and Fauna: Australian Government Printing

Service, Canberra.

-(1997). Celastraceae. In R.J.F. Henderson (ed),

Queensland Plants: Names and Distribution

1997 , 45. Queensland Herbarium, Department

of Environment: Brisbane.

-(2002). Celastraceae. In R.J.F. Henderson (ed.),

Names and Distribution of Queensland Plants,

Algae and Lichens 2002 , 44. Queensland

Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency:

Brisbane.

-(2007). Celastraceae. In P.D. Bostock & A.E.

Holland (eds ). Census of the Queensland

Flora 2007, 44. Queensland Herbarium,

Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane.

-(2010). Celastraceae. In P.D. Bostock & A.E.

Holland (eds.). Census of the Queensland

Flora 2010, 39. Queensland Herbarium,

Environmental Protection Agency: Brisbane.

Jessup, L.W. & Halford, J.J. (2020). Celastraceae. In

G.K. Brown & P.D. Bostock (eds.). Census

of the Queensland Flora 2019. Queensland

Herbarium, Department of Environment and

Science: Brisbane, https://data.qld.gov.au/

dataset/census-of-the-queenslandflora-2019,

accessed 18 February 2020.

McKenna, M.J., Simmons, M.P, Bacon, C.B. &

Lombardi, J.A. (2011). Delimitation of the

segregate genera of Maytenus s. 1. (Celastraceae)

based on morphological and molecular

characteristics. Systematic Botany 36: 922-932.

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Halford & Jessup, New species of Denhamia

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sclerophylly: the mechanical properties of a

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of cuticular transpiration: comparative

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Simmons, M R, Cappa, J.J., Archer, R.H., Ford, A.J.,

Eichstedt, D. & Clevinger, C.C. (2008).

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Map 2. Distribution of Denhamia peninsularis.

Map 1. Distribution of Denhamia megacarpa.

A taxonomic reassessment of Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.)

Spreng. (Ericaceae) with the description of two new

species S. cognata A.R.Bean and S. lucens A.R.Bean

A.R. Bean

Summary

Bean, A.R. (2020). A taxonomic reassessment of Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng. (Ericaceae)

with the description of two new species S. cognata A.R.Bean and S. lucens A.R.Bean. Austrobaileya

10(4): 604-611 A morphological reassessment of specimens identified as Styphelia cuspidata

(R.Br.) Spreng. (syn. Leucopogon cuspidatus R.Br.) has revealed the existence of three taxa that

differ at species rank. In this paper, these three species, all endemic to Queensland, are described,

compared and illustrated. Two new species, Styphelia cognata A.R.Bean and S. lucens A.R.Bean

are named.

Key Words: Ericaceae; Leucopogon ; Styphelia ; Styphelia cognata ; Styphelia cuspidata ; Styphelia

lucens ; Australia flora; Queensland flora; new species; taxonomy

A.R. Bean, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong 4066, Queensland, Australia. Email: tony.bean@des.qld.gov.

Introduction

A wide ranging phylogenetic analysis of

the Tribe Styphelieae of Ericaceae (Puente-

Lelievre et al. 2016) confirmed previous

studies showing Leucopogon R.Br. to be

polyphyletic, necessitating either numerous

extra generic names, or the merging of many

of its species into Styphelia Sm. The authors

have chosen the second option, arguing that the

splitting option would result in the recognition

of some genera that had no morphological

diagnostic features. Since that paper, Hislop &

Puente-Lelievre (2017) and Crayn et al. (2019)

have published new species of Styphelia using

the expanded circumscription. The necessary

new combinations in Styphelia have recently

been published (Crayn et al. 2020).

Specimens filed under Leucopogon

cuspidatus R.Br. (now Styphelia cuspidata

(R.Br.) Spreng.) were observed by the present

author to be heterogeneous, and a detailed

examination revealed that three taxa were

involved, S. cuspidata and two new species,

described here as S. lucens A.R.Bean and S.

cognata A.R.Bean.

Accepted for publication 13 February 2020

Materials and methods

This paper is based on a morphological study

of herbarium specimens at BRI, as well as

specimen images, indicated as i.d.v. (imago

digitalis visa), held at BM, NSW, K, L, P, G

and MEL. All measurements are based on

dried material with dimensions inclusive, i.e.

1.0-1.7 is given as 1-1.7.

Morphological characteristics of the three

species previously comprising S. cuspidata

sens. lat. and the putative close relative S.

trichostyla (J.M.Powell) Hislop, Crayn &

Puente-Lel. are compared in Table 1.

In the specimen citations, Mountain or

Mount is abbreviated as Mt and National Park

as NP

Taxonomy

Styphelia cognata A.R.Bean sp. nov. With

affinity to S. cuspidata, but differing by the

shorter and narrower leaves (5.4-9 x 1.5-2.1

mm), the often 1-flowered inflorescences,

the narrower fruits (1.4-1.5 mm diameter)

and the glabrous style. Typus: Queensland.

Port Curtis District: Glen Geddes siding

forestry reserve, 15 May 1998, G.N. Batianojf

98059R & T. Ryan (holo: BRI; iso: AD, DNA,

K, MEL, NSW).

605

Bean, Styphelia

[Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng. pro

parte\

Shrub 0.3-1.5 m high. Young branchlets

white, grey or brown, with dense hispidulous

patent hairs c. 0.05 mm long. Older stems

glabrescent, with fissured grey to brown bark.

Leaves spirally arranged, strongly antrorse,

obovate to oblanceolate, the larger ones 5.4-9

x 1 . 5-2.1 mm, c. 0.1 mm thick, apex acuminate

(acumen pungent, 0.8-1.6 mm long), base

cuneate; petiole indistinct, c. 0.5 mm long,

or absent. Lamina concave, mostly glabrous

but with tiny hairs (0.03-0.05 mm long) near

the base and apex, margins glabrous. Upper

surface very shiny, venation scarcely evident;

lower surface dull, with 6-9 slightly raised

parallel veins (measured at base of leaf; 9-13

when measured midway along leaf), midrib

not differentiated. Inflorescence borne in

upper leaf axils of each branchlet, usually

1-flowered, sometimes 2-flowered. Peduncle

1-1.5 mm long. Fertile bract broadly ovate to

orbicular, c. 0.8 x 0.7 mm, brown, apex obtuse

to subacute, both surfaces glabrous, venation

obscure. Bracteoles broadly elliptical,

cymbiform, 2.2-2.5 x 1.2-1.3 mm, brown,

surfaces glabrous, margin ciliolate, venation

obscure, apex apiculate. Sepals lanceolate,

2.8-3.4 mm long, 0.8-0.9 mm wide, slightly

longer than corolla tube, pale brown, apex

acute to acuminate, glabrous except for tiny

hairs in the apical 0.5 mm, margins glabrous,

venation obscure. Corolla tube cylindrical,

2.2-2.9 mm long, 0.9-1.4 mm diameter, white,

outer surface glabrous, inner surface glabrous

on proximal two-thirds, densely hairy on

distal one-third. Corolla lobes narrowly

deflate, recurved at anthesis, 1.8-2.7 mm long,

outer surface glabrous, inner surface densely

hairy (obscuring corolla surface) except on

apical 0.2-0.4 mm, hairs 0.25-0.4 mm long.

Stamens with anthers brown, glabrous, 0.7-

0.85 mm long, partially exserted from corolla

tube, sterile tips absent, filament attached

to upper half of anther; filaments straight,

inserted near top of corolla tube. Nectary

lobed, c. 0.4 mm long. Ovary glabrous, c. 0.7

mm long and 0.6 mm diameter, 5-locular. Style

straight, glabrous, 27-3.6 mm long, slightly

exserted from corolla, stigma expanded.

Fruits ellipsoidal, 2.5-2.9 mm long, 1.4-1.5

mm diameter, 5-locular, but often only 1 or

2 seeds developing; surface longitudinally

striate, glabrous, yellow {Powell 4669 , Gittins

878 ) when fresh. Fig. 1A &B, 2A-D.

Additional selected specimens examined : Queensland.

Port Curtis District: Marlborough Station, c. 43 km

NW of Yaamba, Aug 2006, Harte s.n. (BRI [AQ752024]);

Princhester Conservation Park, Jan 1996, Hunter JB873

(BRI); Mt Bonnie Doon, Rockhampton, Jan 1989,

Specht 203 & Reeves (BRI); 4 km W of Kunwarara,

between Canoona and Princhester, track to microwave

tower, Jun 2011, Forster PIF38206 (BRI, NSW); 17.5

miles [28.2 km] NW of Yaamba, Aug 1963, Speck 1714

(BRI, CANB); Atkinsons Road, Canoona, 25 km from

Bruce Highway, Mar 1994, Bean 7536 & Forster (AD,

BRI); 1 km W of Glen Geddes railway siding. May 1989,

Powell 4668 (BRI, MEL, MO, NSW, NY); 1 km W of

Glen Geddes rail siding. May 1992, Forster PIF9890

(BRI, MEL, NSW); 2 km W of Glen Geddes rail siding,

Jan 1992, Forster P1F9403 (BRI, K, MEL, NSW); Glen

Geddes, 2-3 km from Bruce Highway, Apr 2008, Reeves

3466 & Batianojf ( BRI, E, NSW); 300 m S along Bruce

Highway from junction with Raspberry Creek road, N

of Yaamba, Feb 2014, Halford QM1206 & Guymer (BRI,

PE); Site 5+, Glen Geddes, N of Rockhampton, Dec

1998, Batianojf9812243 et al. (BRI, MEL, NSW); Glen

Geddes on E side of Bruce Highway, between Shoal water

Bay turnoff and Canoona, Mar 1992, Champion 590

(BRI); Canoona/Yaamba, Shoalwater bay turnoff, Oct

1991, Batianojf 911016 & Franks (AD, BRI, MEL,

NSW); Canoona, Aug 1964, Gittins 878 (BRI); c. 2 km

SE on back road to Canoona, May 1989, Powell 4669

(BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, NY); Canoona, c. 30 miles

[48 km] NNW of Rockhampton, Sep 1943, Blake 15323

(BRI); Spinifex Hill, The Caves, Livingstone Shire

council quarry, Sep 2001, Batianojf 010916 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Styphelia cognata

is confined to a limited area north of

Rockhampton, between Marlborough and The

Caves (Map 1). It grows on hilly terrain in open

woodland of Corymbia xanthope (A.R.Bean

& Brooker) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson and

Eucalyptus fibrosa F.Muell. subsp .fibrosa, on

shallow soils derived from serpentinite.

Phenology : Flowers are recorded for every

month of the year; fruits are recorded for

January, April, May, August, September and

December.

Affinities: Styphelia cognata is closely allied

to S. cuspidata , but differs by the leaves

5.4-9 x 1.5-2.1 mm (10-18 x 2-4 mm for S.

cuspidata ), the inflorescences l(-2)-flowered

((l-)2-4-flowered for S. cuspidata ), the

606

corolla tube 2.2-2.8 mm long (1.5-1.9 mm

long for S. cuspidata), and the style glabrous

(style conspicuously hairy in lower half for S.

cuspidata).

Conservation status : Least Concern (IUCN

2012). The species is known from a minimum

of 11 subpopulations, and is known from

Princhester Conservation Park.

Etymology: The epithet is from the Latin

cognatus meaning ‘closely related’. This

is in reference to its overall similarity to S.

cuspidata.

Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng.,

Syst. Veg, ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 657 (1824);

Leucopogon cuspidatus R.Br., Prodr. FI.

Nov. Holland. 545 (1810). Type: [Queensland.

Port Curtis District:] Northumberland

Islands, 29 September 1802, R. Brown

(Bennett Number 2463) (lecto: BM 001040149

i.d.v. [here designated]; isolecto: BRI

[AQ0430205], G 00455453 i.d.v., L 0006521

i.d.v., MEL 1512188 i.d.v., P 00760530 i.d.v., P

00760530 i.d.v).

Leucopogon sp. (Border Island G.N.Batianoff

9009182); Crayn (2018).

Shrub 0.4-1.5 m high. Young branchlets

white, grey or brown, with dense hispidulous

patent hairs c. 0.05 mm long. Older stems

glabrescent, with fissured grey to brown bark.

Leaves spirally arranged, antrorse, obovate to

oblanceolate, the larger ones 10-18 x 2-4 mm,

c. 0.15 mm thick, apex acuminate (acumen

pungent, 0.8-1.5 mm long), base cuneate;

petiole indistinct, c. 0.5 mm long, or absent.

Lamina flat or concave, margins glabrous or

with short stiff hairs. Upper surface very shiny,

mostly glabrous but with tiny hairs (0.03-0.05

mm long) near the base and apex, venation

usually visible; lower surface dull, greenish-

white, with 6-9 slightly raised parallel veins

(measured at base of leaf; 9-13 measured

midway along leaf), midrib not differentiated,

glabrous or with tiny hairs (0.03-0.05 mm

long) throughout. Inflorescence comprising

(1—)2—4 flowers borne in upper leaf axils of

each branchlet. Peduncle 0-1 mm long. Fertile

bract broadly ovate to orbicular, c. 0.6 x 0.5

mm, pale brown, apex acute, both surfaces

Austrobaileya 10(4): 604-611 (2020)

glabrous, venation obscure. Bracteoles

broadly elliptical, cymbiform, 1-1.3 x 1-1.1

mm, brown, surfaces glabrous, margin

glabrous, venation obscure, apex apiculate.

Sepals lanceolate, 2.3-3.1 mm long, 0.8-0.9

mm wide, slightly longer than corolla tube,

pale brown, apex acute, glabrous except for

tiny hairs in the apical 0.5 mm, margins entire,

venation obscure. Corolla tube campanulate,

1.5-1.9 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm wide at distal

end, white, outer surface glabrous, inner

surface glabrous on proximal two-thirds,

densely hairy on distal one-third. Corolla

lobes narrowly deflate, recurved at anthesis,

1.8-2.2 mm long, outer surface glabrous,

inner surface densely hairy (obscuring corolla

surface) except on apical 0.2-0.4 mm, hairs

0.3-0.4 mm long. Stamens with anthers

brown, glabrous, 0.9-1.1 mm long, partially

exserted from corolla tube, sterile tips absent,

filament attached near mid-point of anther;

filaments straight, inserted near top of corolla

tube. Nectary lobed, 0.3-0.4 mm long. Ovary

glabrous, c. 0.8 mm long and 0.8 mm diameter,

5-locular, with one ovule per loculus. Style

straight, densely hairy on proximal half, 1.8-

3.1 mm long, slightly exserted from corolla,

stigma expanded. Fruits ellipsoidal, 2.8-3.3

mm long, 1.8-2.2 mm diameter, 5-locular, but

often only 1 or 2 seeds developing; surface

smooth or faintly ribbed, glabrous, yellow

{Powell 4671 ) or orange {Bean 2880 ) when

fresh Fig. 1C & D, 2E-H

Additional selected specimens examined : Queensland.

North Kennedy District: Cateran Bay, Border Island,

Sep 1990, Batianoff 9009182 (BISH, BRI, LAE); Hook

Island, Nov 1985, Batianoff 3602 (BRI); Gulnare Inlet,

Pinnacle Rock, Whitsunday Island, Sep 1990, Batianoff

900915 & Herzle (BISH, BRI, LAE, SAR); Roma Peak,

c. 40 km S of Bowen, Jun 1991, Bean 3362 (BRI, CANB,

NSW). South Kennedy District: Redcliff Island, near

Finlay sons Point, Seaforth, Aug 1992, Batianoff 9208132

(AD, BRI); Cascade Creek area. Cape Hillsborough NP,

c. 30 km NW of Mackay, May 1991, Bean 3122 (BRI);

road to council park. Cape Hillsborough NP, May 1989,

Powell 4667 (BRI, CANB, HO, NSW). Leichhardt

District: “Killarney”, Jul 1991, Thompson 206 (BRI);

Sydney Heads, close to top, Jun 1991, Champion 521

(BRI). Port Curtis District: Shoalwater Bay, Pyri Pyri

sector, Aug 1999, Brushe JB1818 et al. (BRI); Burwood

property, c. 30 km SW of St Lawrence, Jan 1998, El son

s.n. (BRI [AQ659253]); Mt Wheeler, SE side, Aug 1993,

Forster PIF13794 et al. (BRI, MEL, NSW); Mt Hedlow,

16 km E of Rockhampton, Anderson 3440 (BRI, NSW);

Bean, Styphelia

607

Fig. 1. Leaves of Styphelia species. S. cognata. A. lower leaf surface. B. cross-section of leaf (upper surface on left).

S. cuspidata. C. lower leaf surface. D. cross-section of leaf (upper surface on left). S. lucens. E. lower leaf surface.

F. cross-section of leaf (upper surface on left). For A,C,E, scale bar = 1.2 mm; for B,D,F, scale bar = 0.5 mm. A,B

from Champion 590 (BRI); C,D from Bean 3122 (BRI); E,F from Batianoff 9403242 (BRI). Scale bar = 10 mm at xl

magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

Mt Hedlow, NE of Rockhampton, Apr 1991, Bean 2880

(BRI); Mt Jim Crow, near Yeppoon, May 1989, Powell

4671 (BRI, MEF, MO, NSW, NY); upper slopes of Mt

Windham, Great Keppel Island, Nov 1987, Batianoff

9452 & Dillewaard (BRI); Barren Island, SE of Great

Keppel Island, Nov 1987, Batianoff 9668 & Dillewaard

(BRI, NSW).

Distribution andhabitat : Styphelia cuspidata

is endemic to the central Queensland coast

from Hook Island and Roma Peak in the

north, to Great Keppel Island and Mt Wheeler

in the south (Map 1). It inhabits shrublands

on hillsides and mountainsides with skeletal

soil. The geology is often trachyte.

Phenology : Flowers are recorded for every

month of the year; fruits are recorded

for March, May, June, July, August and

November.

Typification: In 1974, Chew Wee-lek

annotated a sheet of Leucopogon cuspidatus

at BM as the lectotype, but I can find no

publication in which the lectotypification was

formalised. Therefore, a lectotype is chosen

here, and the sheet annotated by Chew is

selected.

Bentham (1868: 216) reduced Acrotriche

aristata Benth. to synonymy with

Leucopogon cuspidatus, and that synonymy

is maintained in the Australian Plant Census

(APC 2019) and Plants of the World online

(POWO 2019). There is a single specimen

at G (G 00455486) that is reputed to be a

type of Acrotriche aristata (JSTOR 2019).

However, this specimen does not match the

protologue very well; both flowers and fruits

are well described in the protologue, but

neither fruits nor flowers are apparent on the

G specimen. G 00455486 is perhaps a syntype

of Lissanthe rigida Benth., which was named

by Bentham in the same publication, and on

the same page of the publication. With the

exclusion of G 00455486, there is no known

authentic specimen of Acrotriche aristata. If

Bentham did not annotate any specimen with

this name, it will be very difficult to confirm

authentic material, because the protologue

does not list a collector, and the locality given

is merely “Australia”. Acrotriche aristata is

unlikely to be synonymous with Styphelia

cuspidata or its allies because the protologue

608

Austrobaileya 10(4): 604-611 (2020)

Fig. 2. Flowers and fruits of Styphelia species. S. cognata. A. lateral view of flower. B. longitudinal section of flower.

C. anther showing filament attachment. D. fruit and style. S. cuspidata. E. lateral view of flower. F. longitudinal section

of flower. G. anther showing filament attachment. H. fruit and style. S. lucens. I. lateral view of flower. J. longitudinal

section of flower. K. anther showing filament attachment. L. fruit and style. For A,B,E,F,I,J scale bar = 0.83 mm; for

C,G,K, scale bar = 0.33 mm; for D,H,L, scale bar = 1 mm. A from Reeves 3466 (BRI); B,C from Champion 590 (BRI);

D from Gittins 878 (BRI); E-G from Bean 3122 (BRI); H from Forster PIF13794 (BRI); I-L from Batianoff 9403242

(BRI). Scale bar = 10 mm at *1 magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

609

Bean, Styphelia

says that the fruits are “oblong”, and the

branchlets “villous”. In S. cuspidata, the

fruits are ellipsoidal (described by Bentham

(1868: 216) as “ovoid”), and the branchlet

hairs are hispidulous (described by Bentham

(1868: 215) as “minutely pubescent”), while

the term ‘villous’ suggests hairs that are long

and shaggy.

Affinities : Styphelia cuspidata is

morphologically very close to S. trichostyla ,

but S. cuspidata differs by the shorter hairs

on the branchlets, the shorter leaf acumen,

and the shorter style (Table 1). The two

species are allopatric, with S. trichostyla

reaching its northern limit at Kroombit Tops,

SW of Gladstone. Vegetative specimens of

S. cuspidata are very similar to a form of S.

mitchellii (Benth.) F.Muell. that occurs in the

Port Curtis District; however, the latter has a

corolla tube 5.5-9.5 mm long and a glabrous

style 8.5-9.5 mm long.

Note : Brown made his collection of the type

of Styphelia cuspidata on 29 September

1802, from either Middle Percy Island or

nearby Pine Island (Vallance et al. 2001).

Surprisingly, there are no modern collections

of S. cuspidata from any of the Percy Islands

(AVH 2020).

Conservation status : Least Concern (IUCN

2012). The species is known from several

conservation reserves, and is common where

it occurs.

Styphelia lucens A.R.Bean sp. nov. With

affinity to S. cuspidata but differing by the

somewhat glossy lower leaf surface, the

narrower leaves (1.3-1.9 mm wide), the

longer anthers (1.3-1.4 mm long), and the

much longer corolla lobes (2.5-3.2 mm

long). Typus: Queensland. North Kennedy

District: NE upper slope, Gloucester Island,

site 8, 20 April 1994, G.N. Batianoff 940484

& S. Figg (holo: BRI; iso: AD, BISH, DNA,

L, MEL).

[Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng. pro

parte].

Shrub 0.5-2 m high. Young branchlets

white, grey or brown, with dense hispidulous

patent hairs 0.02-0.05 mm long. Older stems

glabrescent, with fissured grey to brown

bark. Leaves spirally arranged, strongly

antrorse, oblanceolate, the larger ones 7-12 x

1.3-1.9 mm, c. 0.2 mm thick, apex acuminate

(acumen pungent, 0.8-1.5 mm long), base

cuneate; petiole indistinct, c. 0.5 mm long, or

absent. Lamina concave, mostly glabrous but

with tiny hairs (0.02-0.05 mm long) near the

base and apex, margins entire. Upper surface

dark green, very shiny, venation scarcely

evident; lower surface pale green, somewhat

shiny, with 6-9 slightly raised parallel veins

(measured at base of leaf; 9-13 measured

midway along leaf), midrib not differentiated.

Inflorescence comprising 1-2 flowers borne

in upper leaf axils of each branchlet. Peduncle

0.5-1 mm long. Fertile bract broadly ovate to

orbicular, c. 1 x 0.8 mm, brown, apex acute,

both surfaces glabrous, venation obscure.

Bracteoles broadly elliptical, cymbiform, 1.2-

1.6 x 1.1-1.4 mm, brown, surfaces glabrous,

margin glabrous, venation obscure, apex

acute. Sepals lanceolate, 2.8-3.4 mm long,

0.8-1 mm wide, slightly longer than corolla

tube, pale brown, apex acute to acuminate,

glabrous except for tiny hairs in the apical

0.5 mm, margins entire, venation obscure.

Corolla tube cylindrical, 2-3 mm long,

0.9-1.2 mm diameter, white, outer surface

glabrous, inner surface glabrous on proximal

half, densely hairy on distal half. Corolla

lobes narrowly debate, recurved at anthesis,

2.5- 3.2 mm long, outer surface glabrous,

inner surface densely hairy (obscuring

corolla surface) except on apical 0.2-0.3

mm, hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long. Stamens with

anthers brown, glabrous, 1.3-1.4 mm long,

partially exserted from corolla tube, sterile

tips absent, filament attached to upper part

of anther; filaments straight, inserted near

top of corolla tube. Nectary lobed, c. 0.5 mm

long. Ovary glabrous, c. 0.9 mm long and

0.9 mm diameter, 5-locular. Style straight,

densely hairy on proximal half, 2.8-3.9 mm

long, slightly exserted from corolla, stigma

capitate. Fruits ellipsoidal, 2.6-3.4 mm long,

1.6- 2 mm diameter, 5-locular, but often only 1

or 2 seeds developing; surface longitudinally

striate, glabrous, orange {Jensen 3952 et al.\

Bean 4202 ) or yellow {Cumming 22156 &

Thompson) at maturity. Fig. IE &F, 2I-L.

610

Additional selected specimens examined : Queensland.

North Kennedy District: Return Creek track,

Taravale, SW of Paluma, May 2009, Bean 28856 &

Jensen (BRI); 3.3 km S of Taravale Homestead on the

Loop Track, Mount Zero-Taravale Wildlife Sanctuary,

Jun 2018, Jensen 3952 et al. (BRI, CNS); 15 km W of

Bluewater, NW of Townsville, Apr 1992, Bean 4383

(BRI, NSW); Near Mt Cook, Magnetic Island, Aug

1982, Sandercoe 931 (BRI); Arcadia-Horseshoe

Bay, Magnetic Island, Nov 1964, Jackes s.n. (BRI

[AQ744298]); 1 km NW of Frederick Peak, 25 km SW

of Townsville, May 1991, Bean 3088 (BRI, NSW); Mt

Abbot, 50 km W of Bowen, Mar 1992, Bean 4202 (BRI);

ibid, Jul 1992, Bean 4750 (BRI); Mt Bertha, Gloucester

Island, Mar 1994, Batianoff 94033/3 et al. (AD, BISH,

BRI); W side of road to Monties Resort [Gloucester

Island], Mar 1994, Batianoff 9403242 & Dillewaard

(AD, BISH, BRI, DNA, MEL); Monties Resort, Cape

Gloucester, Mar 1994, Batianoff 9403243A & Dillewaard

(BRI); Pear Rock hill, Mt Stewart Range, 13 km WNW

of Homestead, Mar 2004, Camming 22156 & Thompson

(BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Styphelia lucens

extends from Gloucester Island (E of Bowen)

to Taravale (NW of Townsville), mainly close

to the coast but with an outlier at Mt Stewart

Austrobaileya 10(4): 604-611 (2020)

Range, near Pentland (Map 1). It grows in

shrubland on skeletal soils mainly derived

from granite.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded

from March to August, with one record in

November. Fruits are recorded from March to

July.

Affinities : Styphelia lucens is related to S.

cuspidata , but differs by the pale green,

somewhat thicker leaves with a glossy lower

surface, the leaves 1.3-1.9 mm wide (2-4 mm

wide for S', cuspidata ), the anthers 1.3-1.4 mm

long (0.9-1.1 mm long for S. cuspidata), the

corolla tube cylindrical (campanulate for S.

cuspidata), and the corolla lobes 2.5-3.2 mm

long (1.5-1.9 mm long for S. cuspidata ).

Conservation status : Least concern (IUCN

2012). Known from numerous subpopulations

with some from National Parks.

Etymology : The epithet is from the Latin

lucens meaning ‘shining’. This is in reference

to the glossy leaves in this species.

Table 1. Comparison of Styphelia cognata, S. cuspidata, S.lucens and S. trichostyla

Species

Style

indumentum

Style

length

Leaf

acumen

length

Anther

length

Corolla

lobe

length

Leaf

width

Styphelia

cognata

glabrous

27-3.6

0.8-1.6

0.7-0.85

1.8-2.7

1.5-2.1

Styphelia

cuspidata

densely hairy in

lower half

1.8-3.1

0.8-1.5

0.9-1.1

1.5-1.9

2-4 mm

Styphelia

lucens

densely hairy in

lower half

2.8-3.9

0.8-1.5

1.3-1.4

2.5-3.2

1.3-1.9

Styphelia

trichostyla

densely hairy in

lower half

3.3-4

1.5-2.5

0.8-1

1.7-2.4

17-2.7

Acknowledgements

I acknowledge the JSTOR Global Plants

website as an extremely valuable repository of

herbarium specimen images, especially type

specimens. Darren Crayn kindly provided a

copy of an unpublished manuscript. Nicole

Crosswell skilfully executed the illustrations.

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Map 1. Distribution of Styphelia cognata • , S. cuspidata ■ , S. lucens A

Bulbine fraseri Kunth (Asphodelaceae) reinstated and

distinguished from B. bulbosa (R.Br.) Haw. in eastern Australia

Peter F. Horsfall 1 & David E. Albrecht 2

Summary

Horsfall, P.F. & Albrecht, D.E. (2020). Bulbine fraseri Kunth (Asphodelaceae) reinstated and

distinguished from B. bulbosa (R.Br.) Haw. in eastern Australia. Austrobaileya 10(4): 612-620.

Bulbine fraseri Kunth, a species long placed in synonymy under B. bulbosa (R.Br.) Haw. is reinstated

for populations occurring on cracking clay plains in parts of Queensland, New South Wales and South

Australia. A summary of the morphological features distinguishing the two species is provided, along

with a description, illustrations, habitat information and a distribution map for B. fraseri.

Key Words: Asphodelaceae; Bulbine ; Bulbine fraseri ; Bulbine bulbosa ; Australia flora; New South

Wales flora; Queensland flora; South Australia flora; taxonomy; Eromanga Sea

'P.F. Horsfall, Ayr, Queensland 4807, Australia. Email: spinifex@bigpond.com

2 D.E. Albrecht, Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity

Research, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Introduction

The genus Bulbine Wolf includes

approximately 75 species, the majority

occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (Byng

2014). Seven species are currently recognised

for Australia (CHAH 2019). Watson (1986)

divided the Australian species into two

informal groups based on longevity and

flower size. The perennial “ Bulbine bulbosa

group’ was studied in detail utilising cytology,

morphology and breeding experiments. This

work ultimately led to the recognition of two

segregate species, B. vagans E.M.Watson and

B. glauca E.M.Watson. Unlike B. bulbosa ,

these two species, and an additional species

B. crassa D.I.Morris & Duretto described

subsequently, all lack tuber development.

Even with the segregation of these

three species from Bulbine bulbosa , the

latter remains a morphologically and

cytologically variable species (Watson 1987).

Watson (1986, 1987) drew attention to the

morphological distinctness of Queensland

(Qld) populations from Hughenden, Blackall

Accepted for publication 13 February 2020

and Springsure, and intimated that they may

require “taxonomic segregation” based on

their ovoid tuber, partly spreading stamens,

acute staminal hairs and longer style.

Recent study of specimens of Bulbine

bulbosa at the Queensland Herbarium (BRI),

together with examination of populations in

the field have confirmed the morphological

distinctiveness of these Qld populations and

revealed additional characters that distinguish

them from B. bulbosa s.str. Examination

of specimens at the Australian National

Herbarium (CANB), National Herbarium of

Victoria (MEL) and the State Herbarium of

South Australia (AD) has also revealed that

the distribution of this entity occurs beyond

Qld, extending into western New South

Wales (NSW) and at least north eastern South

Australia (SA).

After consideration of nomenclatural

issues and examination of type material it

was concluded that the name Bulbine fraseri

Kunth should be applied to these populations.

As a detailed description of this species does

not exist currently, one is presented below, in

addition to information on its distribution and

ecology. A summary of the morphological

features distinguishing it from B. bulbosa

s.str. is also provided.

Horsfall & Albrecht, Bulbine fraseri

Materials and methods

This study involved examination of

herbarium specimens at BRI and CANB,

in addition to dried and spirit specimens in

the personal collection of PFH. Images of

selected specimens housed at MEL and AD

were also examined. Live plants were studied

in the field in the Prairie - Muttaburra and

Injune areas of Qld, and also in cultivation.

All floral measurements are based on fresh,

and rehydrated dried specimens. Dimensions

are inclusive, i.e. 1.0-1.7 is given as 1-1.7.

Taxonomy

Bulbine fraseri Kunth, Enum. PI. [Kunth] 4:

565 (1843). Type citation: “Nova Hollandia

(New South Wales) Fraser legit.” Type:

“cultivated at Glasgow, Scotland, from a

tuber collected in NSW in 1828 by C. Fraser”

(lecto: K [right hand specimen on sheet

corresponding to Bot. Mag. 57: t. 3017 (1830)],

fide Watson 1987: 468).

Blephanthera hookeri Rafi, FI. Tellur. 2: 59

(1837). Type citation: “Hooker bot. m.. 3017.”

Type: “cultivated at Glasgow, Scotland,

from a tuber collected in NSW in 1828 by

C. Fraser” (lecto: K [right hand specimen on

sheet corresponding to Bot. Mag. 57: t. 3017

(1830)], Watson 1987: 468); non Bulbine

hookeri Kunth, Enum. PI. [Kunth] 4: 566

(1843).

Geophytic perennial herb, glabrous apart

from the stamens. Tuber erect in young plants,

becoming oblique and finally horizontal

in older mature plants, globose in young

plants, becoming ovoid to semi-conical and

finally cylindrical in older mature plants,

sometimes branched, to 12 cm long and 3.5

cm diameter but more commonly c. 5 cm long

and 3 cm diam., commonly 7-10 cm below

ground-level. Roots fleshy, brittle, to c. 30

cm long and 6 mm wide proximally. Leaves

forming a basal rosette, succulent, becoming

flaccid as plants lose moisture, erect and

slightly arching when turgid, with a delicate

membranous honey-comb-like pith filled with

clear mucous sap at least initially, 27-80 cm

long, to 1.4 cm wide at the base, attenuate,

smooth, canaliculate, green or faintly

613

glaucous, paler at the very base, basal leaf

margins membranous and translucent, veins

not raised externally. Inflorescences erect,

1-4 per rosette, 50-120 cm long, unbranched

(but occasionally fasciating), flowering

progressively up the inflorescence; scapes

terete, stout, often faintly glaucous; bracts

lanceolate to subulate, 5-25 mm long, with

translucent margins broadening towards the

somewhat saccate base, clasping subtending

pedicel towards base, fully obscuring young

flower buds at apex of inflorescence; pedicels

spreading, often upturned distally when

fruiting, increasing in length and thickness

with age, to 40 mm long in fruit. Flowers 24-

46 mm diameter; tepals 6, in 2 whorls of 3,

pale to bright yellow with a green central vein

on the abaxial surface, sometimes orange-

red at the apex; outer tepals elliptic, 10.5—

22 mm long, 3.5-8 mm wide, entire; inner

tepals obovate, 10-21 mm long, 5.5-11 mm

wide, with minute irregular teeth. Stamens

6, the 3 opposite the outer tepals variously

orientated - one spreading, the other two

erect, leaning towards another stamen or

spreading; the 3 opposite the inner tepals all

spreading; filaments 4.5-9 mm long, yellow,

tapering to the anther, obviously compressed

near base, with fine acicular acute yellow

hairs at least on the distal half , filament hairs

obscuring at least the basal half of each anther

abaxially and with some hairs emerging from

between basal lobes of each anther adaxially,

increasing in density and length (to c. 3 mm

long) toward the filament apex, distributed

along the filament margins proximally,

encircling the filament distally; anthers

3-4.5 mm long, yellow, with a pair of basal

lobes one third to one half the anther length,

attached at the sinus between the lobes,

versatile, initially vertical usually becoming

horizontal at dehiscence, shrivelling and

gently curved post-dehiscence. Ovary 1.5-2.5

mm long, 1.5-2.4 mm diameter, 3-locular, 4

ovules per locule, pale creamy yellow to pale

green-yellow; style aduncate, 6.5-13 mm

long (straightened), ± yellow, usually longer

than the staminal filaments and protruding

through the staminal ring, narrowing towards

the apex; stigma entire. Capsule irregularly

globose to broadly or transversely ellipsoid

614

and abruptly constricted at the pedicel, 5.5-10

mm high, 4.6-8 mm diameter, light green,

thinly fleshed. Seed 2.8-4.3 mm long, very

dark brown to almost black, dull, 3-angled

in transverse section, outer face slightly

convex, inner 2 faces flat to slightly convex,

sometimes slightly tuberculate on one or more

faces; testa very finely reticulate. Figs. 1-5.

Selected specimens examined : Queensland. Burke

District: 13 km E of Hughenden, Flinders Highway, Jul

1985, Williams 85050 (BRI). South Kennedy District:

Mt Coolon Road, 1.3 km E of Power line (14.5 km W of

North Goonyella), Mar 1995, Champion 1187 (BRI); 101

km SW of Mt Coolon, Mar 1995, Fensham 2689 (BRI);

14 miles [22.5 km] NE of Durdham Downs Station,

Aug 1964, Adams 1248 (BRI, CANB). Gregory North

District: 7.5 km S of the Westerton turnoff between

Westerton & Warbreccan, Sep 1984, Chinnock 6079

(AD, BRI, CANB). Mitchell District: S boundary

of Edgbaston Reserve, NE of Aramac, Apr 2012, Bean

31742 (BRI); Isisford district, Feb 1997, Fensham 3084

(BRI); Kooroorinya Race Track Reserve, c. 50 km S of

Prairie, Aug 2016, Horsfall PFH4700 (BRI). Burnett

District: E 116, Narayen, Mar 1973, s. coll., (BRI

[AQ487548]). Gregory South District: 1.5 km SSW

of Hammond Downs Homestead, Apr 1984, Purdie

2099 (BRI, CANB). Warrego District: Coongoola,

c. 40 km S of Wyandra, Apr 1936, Blake 11240 (BRI).

Maranoa District: Roma Southern Road, 0.7 km W

of Bungeworgorai Creek crossing SSW Roma, Nov

2005, Eddie CPE987 (BRI). Darling Downs District:

Oakey rail line, S side of Oakey - Cutella Road, Nov

2001, Menkins 83 (BRI). New South Wales. North

Far Western Plains: Tibooburra Road, 5 km SE from

Gorge Loop Road (SE of Sturt NP), Nov 2010, Purdie

7879 (BRI, CANB, NSW). North Western Plains:

32 km from Brewarrina on the Goodooga Road, May

1982, Craven 7447 & Whitbread (CANB); Meadow

plains Road, Come-by-Chance, Feb 1995, Tann s.n.

(CANB). South Western Plains: 48 km S of Ivanhoe,

Oct 1963, Mulham S91 (CANB); Bundyulumblah,

W of Wanganella, Feb 1976, Midham W840 (CANB,

NSW). South Australia. Lake Eyre Basin: Coopers

Creek, s.dat., s. coll. (MEL). North East: Throughout

Mulyungarie Station toward Quinyambie, Apr 1989,

Bates 18199 (AD).

Distribution and habitat : Bulbine fraseri

is widely distributed in Qld south of

approximately Hughenden and extends

southward into western NSW and north¬

eastern SA (Map 1). Most populations occur

within the region formerly inundated by the

Eromanga Sea that is characterised by heavily

weathered marine sediments dating from the

Middle Triassic to late Cretaceous (Wecker

1989).

Austrobaileya 10(4): 612-620 (2020)

Bulbine fraseri occurs predominantly in

climatic areas classified as hot, persistently

dry grasslands (Stern et al. 2000). All

documented populations occur in grasslands

on heavy (red, brown or black cracking

clay) soil plains, typically dominated by

Astrebla spp., Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.)

A.Camus, and/or Iseilema spp. Scattered trees

(e.g., Eucalyptus coolabah Blakely & Jacobs,

Acacia harpophylla F.Muell. ex Benth., A.

pendula A.Cunn. ex G.Don) and shrubs

(Eremophila spp., Capparis spp., Acacia

spp.) are sometimes present. Associated herbs

include Atriplex spp., Daucus glochidiatus

(Labill.) Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Ave-Lall.,

Goodenia spp., Sclerolaena spp., Sida spp.,

Plantago spp., Ptilotus spp. and Solanum spp.

The soil type at a collection location in SA

(Mulyungarie Station, Bates 18199 ) needs

rechecking as it is atypical, being described

as a rich red loam.

Phenology : Flowering plants can be found

at any time of the year depending on the

timing of rains. At Kooroorinya Reserve near

Hughenden in Qld, flowering plants were

observed approximately five weeks after rain.

Typification : Watson (1987) lectotypified

Bulbine fraseri Kunth and Blephanthera

hookeri Raf. on the same specimen at K

corresponding to Bot. Mag. 57: t. 3017.

Blephanthera hookeri is the earlier name

but it is preoccupied in Bulbine by Bulbine

hookeri Kunth, a name that is currently

treated as a synonym of Bulbine glauca (Raf.)

E.M.Watson (Watson 1987). Thus, the earliest

available name is Bulbine fraseri Kunth.

Fraser did not accompany Allan

Cunningham through what is now known as

Cunningham’s Gap, westto the Darling Downs

on the 1828 expedition from the Moreton Bay

penal colony. While he had accompanied

Cunningham in the ascent of Mt Barney, he

returned to Moreton Bay on 11 August 1828,

with Cunningham passing through the newly

discovered gap on 25 August 1828 (Feeken

1970). So if the time line provenance of the

material that Fraser sent to Kew is correct,

then it was perhaps collected by Cunningham

Horsfall & Albrecht, Bulbine fraseri

or others present and passed onto Fraser.

If this is the case, then the material likely

originated from somewhere west of the Main

Range near the eastern distribution limit for

the species north of Oakey.

Notes : Bulbine fraseri differs from B. bulbosa

for a range of characters outlined in Table 1.

These include a more elongated horizontal

tuber in mature plants, spreading stamens (at

least those opposite the inner tepals), longer

acute acicular staminal filament hairs that

occur along a great length of the filaments,

longer and more deeply lobed versatile

anthers that are attached well above the base,

a longer style and larger seeds. In addition, B.

fraseri tends to have more widely spreading

and often distally upturned fruiting pedicels

(typically more ascending in B. bulbosa)

and the thickened roots connected to the

tuber are less strongly tapered than in B.

bulbosa. These thickened roots may act as an

additional storage organ and are possibly the

615

contractile organ that move the plants lower

into the substrate. This also appears to be the

case for B. bulbosa (PFH pers. obs.).

Even with Bulbine fraseri segregated

from B. bulbosa , the latter remains a

morphologically variable species, most

obviously in the size and stature of plants.

Watson’s (1986) study also indicates that B.

bulbosa is a cytologically variable species with

Ax (24-chromosome), Sx (48-chromosome)

and \2x (72-chromosome) karyotypes known.

Many populations of B. bulbosa s.str. are less

robust than B. fraseri ;, however, some are

of a comparable size. Bulbine fraseri can

produce very large inflorescences, with over

100 flowers per inflorescence counted at the

Strathroy Road population near Hughenden.

Inflorescence fasciation has been observed

in some B. fraseri populations. The effected

inflorescences continued to elongate, flower

and set seed, and approximately 300 flowers

were counted on one fasciated inflorescence.

Fig. 1. Flowers of Bulbine fraseri (Horsfall PFH4700, BRI) left and B. bulbosa (cultivated plant from Chatsworth -

Wicklilfe Road, 4.5 km N of Chatsworth, Victoria) right, both with the tepals removed. Photo: P.F. Horsfall.

616

Austrobaileya 10(4): 612-620 (2020)

Fig. 2. Typical flower of Bulbine fraseri showing stamen arrangement (Horsfall PFH4700, BRI). Photo: P.F. Horsfall.

Fig. 3. Typical tuber growth sequence (L to R) in Bulbine fraseri from seedling to maturity of five different plants.

Note the typical horizontal orientation starting at the second tuber from the left and the growth rings on the large right-

hand tuber, indicating an age of at least eight years (population voucher Horsfall PFH4700 , BRI). Photo: P.F. Horsfall.

Horsfall & Albrecht, Bulbine fraseri

617

Fig. 4. Variation in tuber growth of Bulbine fraseri , showing from L to R: a single tuber with four individual shoots, a

conglomerate of small tubers, tuber dividing in the same manner as B. bulbosa, cylindrical tuber dividing three ways

(population voucher Horsfall PFH4700, BRI). Note that none of the tubers were growing vertically when removed

from the ground. Photo: P.F. Horsfall.

Fig. 5. Population of Bulbine fraseri at Kooroorinya Reserve, Qld showing habit and habitat (population voucher

Horsfall PFH4700, BRI). Photo: P.F. Horsfall.

618

Bulbine fraseri appears to be more

habitat-specific than B. bulbosa , with records

indicating a close association with grasslands

on cracking clay plains. Bulbine bulbosa

on the other hand occurs on a range of soil

types (including sandy loam, clay loam and

lithosols), and in various landscape positions

(e.g., plains, hillslopes, mountains, creeks,

swamps) and structural vegetation types (e.g.,

woodlands, forests, herbfields, grasslands).

On a continental scale occurrences of B.

fraseri are generally further west and/or

north than those of B. bulbosa. In contrast,

B. bulbosa s.str. occurs in south-eastern SA,

Victoria, Tasmania, eastern NSW and just

extends into the very south-eastern edge of

Qld (e.g., Stanthorpe, CANB 107739).

Bulbine fraseri exhibits considerable

variation in tuber size and shape, which to

a considerable degree is age-related (Fig. 3).

Tubers vary from occasionally ovoid to more

commonly semi-conical and cylindrical. Long

tubers have slight depressions along their

length indicating seasonal growth. As the

oldest growth wanes the tuber reduces, then

withers and rots off. Other less commonly

observed tuber variation is illustrated in Fig.

Hoverflies were commonly observed

working the flowers of Bulbine fraseri at the

Strathroy Road (SSE of Hughenden, Qld)

and Injune (Qld) field sites. Small native bees

were also observed working B.fraseri flowers

at Injune.

Populations of Bulbine bulbosa s.lat. from

Hughenden, Blackall and Springsure that

were included in Watson’s (1986) study are

all referable to B. fraseri. Watson placed these

three populations in the B. bulbosa s.lat. 8v

(48-chromosome) karyotype group along with

populations of B. bulbosa (s.str.) from NSW,

ACT, Victoria and SA. She also commented

on the tendency for some inhomogeneity

in the sets of four chromosomes of the Qld

populations, indicating that structural change

is taking place.

Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN

2012). Bulbine fraseri can be locally abundant

and has been observed at Kooroorinya

Austrobaileya 10(4): 612-620 (2020)

Reserve (SSE of Hughenden, Qld) in their

many thousands (Fig. 5). Even on grazed

land plants can be abundant, exemplified by

the population along Strathroy Road, where

plants in August 2016 were so thick that it was

like looking across a field of Canola mixed

with Mitchell grass and annual forbs.

Acknowledgements

The assistance provided by the following

people is sincerely appreciated: Paul Forster

(BRI) for providing much helpful information

and encouragement, Neville Walsh (MEL)

for helpful discussions, Tim Utteridge (K)

for locating and photographing the lectotype

of B. fraseri , Brendan Lepschi (CANB) for

assistance with nomenclatural issues, nursery

staff at the Australian National Botanic

Gardens for care of plants in cultivation,

and the director of BRI for allowing access

to collections. Staff at MEL (Angharad

Johnson, Erin May and Wayne Gebert), AD

(Helen Vonow), PERTH (John Huisman and

Julia Percy-Bower) and HO (Matthew Baker

and Miguel de Salas) also provided helpful

assistance.

References

Byng, J.W. (2014). The Flowering Plants Handbook: A

practical guide to families and genera of the

world. Plant Gateway Ltd.: Hertford.

Chah (2019). Australian Plant Census. https://www.

anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/, accessed 5 December

2019.

Feeken, E. (1970). European Discovery and Exploration

of Australia. Thomas Nelson: Melbourne.

Iucn (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Version 3.1, 2nd Edition, https://portals.iucn.

org/library/files/documents/RL-2001-001-2nd.

pdf, accessed 4 December 2019.

Stern, H., De Hoedt, G. & Ernst, J. (2000). Objective

classification of Australian climates. Australian

Meteorological Magazine 49: 87-96.

Watson, E.M. (1986). Cytoevolutionary studies in

the genus Bidbine Wolf, (Liliaceae). 1. The

Australian perennial taxa ( B. bulbosa s. /.).

Australian Journal of Botany 34: 481-504.

-(1987). Bulbine. In A.S. George (ed.). Flora of

Australia 45: 236-241, 468-470. Australian

Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

Wecker, H.R.B. (1989). The Eromanga Basin. APEA

Journal 29: 379-397.

Horsfall & Albrecht, Bulbine fraseri

619

Table 1. Morphological comparison of Bulbine fraseri and B.bulbosa

Character

Bulbine fraseri

Bulbine bulb os a

Tuber

Becoming oblique and finally

horizontal in older mature

plants, ovoid to semi-conical

and finally cylindrical in older

mature plants, sometimes

branched, commonly 5 cm long

Erect, globose to depressed

ovoid, to c. 2 cm long

Leaves

Glabrous

Glabrous or sparsely papillose to

scabrous, particularly on margins

Outer tepals

10.5-22 mm long x 3.5-8 mm wide

10-20 mm long x 3-5 mm wide

Inner tepals

10-21 mm long x 5.5-11 mm wide

9-18 mm long x 4-9 mm wide

Stamen

orientation

The 3 opposite the inner tepals

all spreading, the 3 opposite the

outer tepals variously orientated

All stamens erect with

anthers bunched

Filament hairs

Acicular, acute, the longer hairs

2-3 mm long, distributed along

at least the distal half of each

filament and sometimes extending

to within 1 mm filament base

Weakly clavate, obtuse, < 2 mm

long , clustered below anthers,

rarely with a few very reduced hairs

below to midpoint of filament

Anthers

3-4.5 mm long, with a pair of

basal lobes 1/3 to 14 anther length,

filament inserted at least 1 mm

from anther base, versatile, initially

vertical usually becomes horizontal

at dehiscence, shrivelling and

gently curved post-dehiscence

2-3(-3.5) mm long, with a pair of

short basal lobes to c, % anther

length, filament inserted with c. 0.5

mm of anther base, not versatile,

mostly erect, straight to weakly

curved and maintain their shape

post-dehiscence but sometimes

slightly twisted about vertical axis

Style

(straightened)

6.5-13 mm long

3-5.5 mm long

Seed

2.8-4.3 mm long

1.4-3 mm long

620

Austrobaileya 10(4): 612-620 (2020)

Map 1. Distribution of Bulbine fraseri in Australia based on herbarium specimens housed at AD, BRI, CANB and

MEL. Map courtesy of A.R. Bean (BRI).

Zieria abscondita P.I.Forst. (Rutaceae), a new and

restricted species from south-east Queensland

Paul I. Forster

Summary

Forster, P I. (2020). Zieria abscondita P.I.Forst. (Rutaceae), a new and restricted species from south¬

east Queensland. Austrobaileya 10(4): 621-627. The new species Zieria abscondita is described

and compared to Z. fnrfnracea R.Br. ex Benth. Zieria abscondita is restricted to rhyolite substrates

at a single location and differs in the foliage gland and indumentum composition and cover, flower

colour and size from Z. furfuracea. The new species is illustrated with line drawings and habitat

photographs. Zieria abscondita is considered to be Critically Endangered based on its single location

and very restricted extent of occurrence and area of occupancy. New combinations are Zieria

enthadenia (J.A.Armstr.) P.I.Forst. comb. & stat. nov. and Z. gymnocarpa (J.A.Armstr.) P.I.Forst.

comb. & stat. nov., both based on taxa previously included as subspecies of Z. furfuracea. Revisions

to the identification key for Queensland Zieria are provided to accommodate the three additional

species.

Key Words: Rutaceae; Zieria ; Zieria abscondita ; Zieria enthadenia: Zieria furfuracea ; Zieria

gymnocarpa ; Australia flora; Queensland flora; new species; taxonomy; identification key;

conservation status; critically endangered

P I. Forster, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: paul.forster@des.qld.

gov.au

Introduction

The genus Zieria Sm. currently comprises 62

species of which 61 are endemic to Australia

and one to New Caledonia (George et al.

2013; Barrett et al. 2014, 2018; Duretto 2019).

Taxonomy of the numerous species complexes

has not been easy to resolve with many

widespread species being highly variable as

reflected in the genetic sequence data that has

been analysed so far. The species have been

defined from a morphological perspective, by

sorting of character states based on differences

in glandular and indumentum development on

both the foliage and reproductive structures,

as well as floral, fruit and seed characters.

Hypotheses on speciation in Zieria have

been previously presented (Duretto & Forster

2007), with the concept from a genetic

perspective of incomplete lineage sorting

being proposed by Barrett et al. (2018) as an

explanation in part for the complex radiation

and incongruence that has occurred.

Thirty-seven species of Zieria have

been previously recognised for Queensland

(Duretto & Forster 2007; George et al. 2013;

Duretto 2019). In the current paper a further

species is added that was discovered during

fieldwork in 2017, and two subspecies are

raised to species rank, thus bringing the total

to forty.

Materials and methods

The results and conclusions in this paper are

based on study of specimen collections at the

Queensland Herbarium (BRI) and habitat

fieldwork for all three species. Measurements

in descriptions are inclusive, i.e. 1.0-1.7 is

given as 1-1.7.

Taxonomy

Zieria abscondita P.I.Forst. sp. nov. Similar

to Zieria furfuracea but differing in the

leaflets with obvious venation below due to

less indumentum, the inflorescences with

fewer flowers and the smaller flowers that

have corolla lobes lacking an inflexed mucro.

Accepted for publication 23 January 2020

622

Typus: Queensland. Moreton District:

Bloodwood Creek Nature Refuge, Crossdale,

6 December 2017, P.I. Forster PIF45381 & G.

Leiper (holo: BRI [2 sheets]; iso: CNS, MEL,

NSW, US).

Shrub to 2 m tall, forming an open straggly

bush. Stems erect, wiry; branches without

decumbent leaf bases, sparsely glandular

verrucose, densely tomentose with an

indumentum admixture of stellate and simple

trichomes that are persistent on the leafy

stems. Leaves palmately trifoliate; petioles

5-12 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm diameter, sparsely

(though very noticeably) glandular verrucose

and densely tomentose with an indumentum

admixture of stellate and simple trichomes,

pale green; terminal leaflets narrowly elliptic,

13-36 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, lateral leaflets

similar to terminal leaflets but smaller, leaflet

length/width ratio: 3.3-7.3, adaxially with

venation largely obscure, sparsely glandular

verrucose and with scattered indumentum of

bifid, simple and stellate trichomes, matt mid

green, abaxially with 8-10 lateral (secondary)

veins obvious and some interlateral (tertiary)

veins visible, sparsely glandular verrucose

and with dense indumentum of simple and

stellate trichomes, silver-green, tip acute

to obtuse, margins entire and somewhat

sinuate, recurved becoming strongly revolute

when drought stressed. Inflorescence

axillary, shorter than the subtending leaf,

3-12+flowered, sparsely glandular verrucose

and with a sparse indumentum of simple

and stellate trichomes with the latter mainly

restricted to the glands; peduncle 4-14 mm

long, bracts linear, 0.6-0.8 mm long, c. 0.1

mm wide, caducous, secondary peduncles 1-5

mm long. Llower pedicels 1.2-2 mm long, not

glandular verrucose, with sparse indumentum

of simple and stellate trichomes; sepals ovate-

triangular, weakly imbricate in bud, 0.7-1 mm

long, 0.7-0.8 mm wide, tip acute, adaxially

weakly but obviously glandular verrucose

and with scattered indumentum of simple

and stellate trichomes, abaxially with dense

indumentum of simple and stellate trichomes,

the latter particularly near the margins; petals

elliptic, valvate, 1.8-2.2 mm long. 0.7-1.3 mm

Austrobaileya 10(4): 621-627 (2020)

wide, white to somewhat cream on drying,

tips acute and not with an inflexed mucro, not

obviously glandular verrucose, both adaxially

and abaxially with dense indumentum of

stellate trichomes; staminal filaments dilated

basally, 1-1.2 mm long, glabrous, eglandular;

anthers c. 0.5 mm long, apiculum absent;

gynoecium glabrous. Lruit cocci 2.6-3 mm

long, 1.7-1.8 mm wide, weakly glandular

verrucose, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Figs. 1

& 2 .

Additional specimens examined : Queensland.

Moreton District: Bloodwood Creek Nature Refuge,

Crossdale, Sep 2017, Forster PIF45321 et al. (BRI); ibid ,

Sep 2017, Forster PIF45334 et al (BRI, MEL).

Distribution and habitat: Zieria abscondita is

known from a single location at Crossdale (Fig.

3) where it occurs more or less continuously

for at least 500 m in a thin linear strip along

an incised waterway carved through rocky

terrain derived from a large rhyolitic intrusion

(Leven 1977). The vegetation comprises a

low woodland dominated by an overstorey of

Eucalyptus dura L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill

and Lophostemon confertus (R.Br.) Peter

G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh. with a midstorey

and understorey thicket of Bertya opponens

(F.Muell. ex Benth.) Guymer, Grevillea

banksii R.Br., Eucalyptus exserta F.Muell.,

Kunzea flavescens C.T.White & W.D.Francis

and Z. abscondita , as well as numerous

vinethicket elements.

Notes: Relationships fox Zieria abscondita can

be sought with Z. furfuracea R.Br. ex Benth.

as the two species share many similarities.

The molecular sequence work of Barrett et

al. (2018) indicated that the current taxonomy

of Z. furfuracea with three subspecies was

not monophyletic with the inference that

the subspecies are worthy of specific rank

which is formally undertaken below. That

observation has also influenced the decision

to describe this taxon at specific rank rather

than adding it as a further subspecies of Z.

furfuracea. There are no known intermediate

populations between Z. abscondita and the

three previously recognised subspecies of Z.

furfuracea with all taxa being very disjunct

Forster, Zieria abscondita

623

Fig. 1. Zieria abscondita. A. habit of flowering branchlet xl.5. B. abaxial view of leaf showing venation *2. C.

indumentum cover on abaxial leaf surface x30. D. inflorescence with flowers x4. E. side view of flower xio. F. face

view of flower xl8. G, H, I. revolving views of the stamen showing the basal dilation x20. J. fruit comprising two

dehisced cocci xlO. A-D, J from Forster PIF45334 et al. (BRI); E-I from Forster PIF45381 & Leiper (BRI). Scale bar

= 10 mm xl magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

624

Austrobaileya 10(4): 621-627 (2020)

Fig. 2. Zieria abscondita. Flowering branchlet (Forster PIF45381 & Leiper, BRI). Photo: G. Leiper.

Fig. 3. Habitat of Zieria abscondita (Forster PIF45381 & Leiper, BRI). Photo: G. Leiper.

Forster, Zieria abscondita

625

from one another with populations of Z.

euthadenia (J.A.Armstr.) P.I.Forst. c. 60 km

northeast and Z. gymnocarpa (J.A.Armstr.)

P.I.Forst. c. 70 km east-southeast distant.

Both Z. euthadenia and Z. gymnocarpa

occur near the coast in much higher rainfall

areas with the former on substrates derived

from metamorphics and sandstones, and the

latter on sandstones. Zieria furfuracea s.str.

is endemic to north-east New South Wales at

least 260 km to the south.

That aside, Zieria abscondita differs from

Z. furfuracea s.l. in the abaxial leaflet venation

being evident (this is mainly due to the sparser

and considerably shorter indumentum cover),

the few flowered inflorescences (3-12 versus

20-125) and the smaller flowers (corolla petals

1.8-2.2 mm long and lacking an indexed apical

mucro, versus 2.3-3.5 mm long and with an

indexed apical mucro (Armstrong 2002)). It

is not noticeably aromatic presumably due to

the reduced development of the foliar glands

and their much smaller size (although still

visible to the naked eye, Fig. 2), and is much

less velvety hairy, whereas all the previously

recognised subspecies of Zieria furfuracea

are noticeably aromatic and velvety hairy.

The fruit of Zieria abscondita are glabrous,

whereas both Z. furfuracea and Z. euthadenia

are very hairy and both have valvate corollas.

In comparison Z. gymnocarpa has glabrous

fruit and an imbricate corolla. It should be

noted most of these characters are relatively

minor in the overall scheme of classification

and reinforces my earlier comment that

the species are examples of ‘non-adaptive

radiation’ accompanied by a ‘high lineage

diversification rate’ (Duretto & Forster 2007).

In simpler terms this means that the taxa under

discussion are defined by combinations of

variations in foliage, size, gland development

and indumentum cover and mixture, rather

than markedly striking morphological

differences.

Zieria abscondita is also somewhat

similar to Z. cytisoides in terms of its general

appearance and shares with that species

the distinctively raised lateral venation in

the abaxial surface of the leaflets. The two

species differ most noticeably in the glandular

verrucose foliage (versus not) and the small

cream flowers of Z. abscondita (versus large

pink flowers with sepals 2.5-3 mm long, and

a corolla with petals 3.6-6 mm long).

The characters of Zieria abscondita

will confound the key to Queensland Zieria

species (Duretto & Forster 2007) at couplet

6 for Z. graniticola and Z. inexpectata. Z.

abscondita will key if that couplet is replaced

with the following.

6 Terminal leaflets to 7 mm long.Z. inexpectata

6. Terminal leaflets greater than 7 mm long.6a

6a Leaf petioles 5-12 mm long; terminal leaflets 4-7 mm wide; petals 1.8-

2.2 x 0.7-1.3 mm, white to somewhat cream.Z. abscondita

6a. Leaf petioles 1-3 mm long; terminal leaflets 1.5-4 mm wide; petals

(2.5-)3.5-4.5 x 2-2.5 mm, pale pink.Z. graniticola

Conservation status : Zieria abscondita

is known from a single location where it

is locally abundant and wholly within the

Bloodwood Creek Nature Refuge. The total

extent of occurrence is less than 1 km 2 and

the area of occupancy is much less. The

population appeared in good condition in

2017 with many seedlings evident. At least

several hundred adult plants were observed.

While there are no obvious threats, using

the IUCN (2012) criteria, the species can be

assessed as being Critically Endangered

under Bla, c(ii,iv), 2a, c(ii,iv) and C2(a)(ii).

Ongoing threatening processes at the location

include intermittent drought and wildfires,

both likely to be exacerbated under climate

change projections of a hotter and drier climate

626

with increasing severe fire weather (Dowdy et

al. 2015; Hoffman et al. 2019). The Zieria is

restricted to a very narrow band of vegetation

along the creek bank and is not found upslope

or on the surrounding hillsides; presumably

there is some moisture dependency along

the creek line. The habitat periodically burns

although is actively managed for fires. Under

extreme to catastrophic fire conditions, the

Zieria habitat is likely to be completely burnt

and any regeneration would be from a soil

seed bank if the species is not a resprouter.

The location has one other listed

threatened plant present, namely Plectranthus

leiperi P.I.Forst. (Vulnerable), although it

does not co-occur with the Zieria.

Etymology : The specific epithet is from the

Latin absconditum (hidden, concealed) and

alludes both to the occurrence of this species

in a rocky gorge and to its late discovery

subsequent to many published works on the

genus.

Austrobaileya 10(4): 621-627 (2020)

New combinations

1. Zieria euthadenia (J.A.Armstr.) P.I.Forst.,

comb, et stat. nov.; Zieria furfuracea subsp.

euthadenia J.A.Armstr., Austral. Syst. Bot.

15: 362 (2002). Type: Queensland. Moreton

District: Kin Kin, January 1917, C.T. White

s.n. (holo: BRI [AQ318532]).

Zieria furfuracea subsp. (Kin Kin V.K.

Moriarty 134); Forster (2002: 181).

2. Zieria gymnocarpa (J.A.Armstr.) P.I.Forst.,

comb, et stat. nov.; Zieria furfuracea subsp.

gymnocarpa J.A.Armstr., Austral. Syst. Bot.

15: 363 (2002). Type: Queensland. Moreton

District: Belmont, 10 September 1887, J.H.

Simmonds s.n. (holo: BRI [AQ318534]).

Zieria furfuracea subsp. (Belmont Scrub

Unknown AQ152898); Forster (2002: 181).

The key to the Queensland species of Zieria

(Duretto & Forster 2007: 476) may be

amended at couplet 3 to accommodate these

two species, viz.

3 Abaxial surface of leaves stellate tomentose; fruit glabrous or hirsute.3b

3. Abaxial surface of leaves glabrous to hirsute but not stellate tomentose;

fruit glabrous.4

3b Leaf lamina margin entire or somewhat sinuate with poorly developed

marginal glands; petals valvate in bud.Z. euthadenia

3b. Leaf lamina margin crenate with well developed marginal glands;

petals imbricate in bud.Z. gymnocarpa

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Glenn Leiper for the photographs

and Nicole Crosswell for the illustrations.

Glenn Leiper, Paul Grimshaw and local

landowners were most helpful with property

access and pleasant days in the field at

Crossdale.

References

Armstrong, J.A. (2002). Zzerza (Rutaceae): a systematic

and evolutionary study. Australian Systematic

Botany 15: 277-463.

Barrett, R.A., Bayly, M.J., Duretto, M.F., Forster,

P.I., Ladiges, P.Y. & Cantrill, D.J. (2014). A

chloroplast phylogeny of Zieria (Rutaceae) in

Australia and New Caledonia shows widespread

incongruence with species-level taxonomy.

Australian Systematic Botany 27: 427-449.

Barrett, R.A., Bayly, M.J., Duretto, M.F., Forster,

PI., Ladiges, PY. & Cantrill, D.J. (2018).

Phylogenetic analysis of Zieria (Rutaceae) in

Australia and New Caledonia based on nuclear

ribosomal DNA shows species polyphyly,

divergent paralogues and incongruence with

chloroplast DNA. Australian Systematic Botany

31: 16-47.

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Dowdy, A., Abbs, D., Bhend, J., Chiew, F., Church, J.,

Ekstrom, M., Kirono, D., Lenton, A., Lucas,

C., McInnis, K., Moise, A., Monselesan, D.,

Mpelasoka, F, Webb, L. & Whetton, R (2015).

East Coast Cluster Report. Climate Change in

Australia Projections for Australia’s Natural

Resource Management Regions: Cluster

Reports. CSIRO and Bureau of Meterology:

Australia.

Duretto, M.F. (2019). Zieria fordii and Z. wilhelminae

(Rutaceae), two new and restricted Queensland

species segregated from the morphologically

similar and widespread Z. cytisoides. Telopea

22: 135-140.

Duretto, M.F. & Forster, PI. (2007). A taxonomic

revision of the genus Zieria Sm. (Rutaceae) in

Queensland. Austrobaileya 7: 473-544.

Forster, PI. (2002). Rutaceae. In R. J.F. Henderson (ed.),

Queensland Plants: names and distribution ,

pp. 184-188. Queensland Department of

Environment and Heritage: Brisbane.

George, A.G., Duretto, M.F. & Forster, PI. (2013).

Zieria. In A. Wilson (ed.). Flora of Australia 26:

282-336. ABRS/CSIRO Publishing: Canberra/

Melbourne.

Hoffmann, A.A., Rymer, P.D., Byrne, M., Ruthrof,

K.X., Whinam, J., McGeoch, M., Bergstrom,

D M., Guerin, G.R., Sparrow, B., Joseph, L,

Hill, S.J., Andrew, N.R. Camac, J., Bell,

N., Riegler, M., Gardner, J.L. & Williams,

S.E. (2019). Impacts of recent climate change

on terrestrial flora and fauna: some emerging

Australian examples. Austral Ecology 44: 3-27.

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Esk trough, southeast Queensland. University

of Queensland Department of Geology. Papers

8: 25-36.

Clarification of species boundaries within the Ptilotus

royceanus Beni (Amaranthaceae) group

Timothy A. Hammer 1 , Robert W. Davis 2 & Kevin R. Thiele 1

Summary

Hammer, T.A., Davis, R.W. & Thiele, K.R. (2020). Clarification of species boundaries within the

Ptilotus royceanus Beni (Amaranthaceae) group. Austrobaileya 10(4): 628-638. The Ptilotus

royceanus Beni species group comprises P. royceanus , P. mollis Beni and P. maconochiei Beni.

Ptilotus royceanus as currently circumscribed has a disjunct distribution, occurring on the border

of Western Australia and the Northern Territory and in central Queensland to the east of the range

of P. maconochiei. Ptilotus mollis is endemic in Western Australia. We critically re-examine the

morphological boundaries of these species and provide evidence that all Queensland collections

currently included in P. royceanus are referable to P. maconochiei. Updated descriptions and a key

are given for all three species.

Key Words: Amaranthaceae; Ptilotus maconochiei ; Ptilotus mollis ; Ptilotus royceanus ; taxonomy;

identification key; conservation priority species

‘School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling

Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. Email: timothy.hammer@research.uwa.

edu.au; kevin.thiele@uwa.edu.au; 2 Western Australian Herbarium, Science and Conservation,

Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery

Centre, Western Australia 6983, Australia. Email: robert.davis@dbca.wa.gov.au

Introduction

Ptilotus (Amaranthaceae) is an Australian

genus with c. 120 species and a centre of

diversity in Western Australia (Hammer et al.

2018). A recent molecular phylogenetic study

(Hammer et al. 2019) has resolved several

informally named clades within the genus.

The species P. royceanus Beni, P. mollis

Beni and P. maconochiei Beni are recovered

as a monophyletic clade with high support,

informally referred to here as the P. royceanus

species group (‘clade C’ in Hammer et al.

(2019)).

Beni (1970) described Ptilotus royceanus

and P. mollis based on material from Western

Australia. Ptilotus royceanus was considered

by Beni to be morphologically distinctive,

being a ‘hanging’, cremnophilous subshrub

with dense indumentum obscuring the

vegetative surface, orbicular leaves, and

very elongated and interrupted spikes. Beni

considered it endemic to the ranges near the

border of the Northern Territory and Western

Accepted for publication 14 February 2020

Australia (Figs. 1 & 2). He differentiated P.

mollis from P. royceanus based primarily

on the inflorescences of P. mollis being

compact and forming a densely crowded

spike (Figs. 3 & 4). Beni cautioned against

assuming a close relationship between the

two species, considering the differences in

the inflorescences to be significant, though he

was unable to make a complete comparison as

only a fragmentary specimen of P. mollis was

available to him (Beni 1970: 6). He regarded

that the habit and habitat of P. mollis differed

from that of P. royceanus , being a bushy

subshrub growing upright between boulders

near creeks. The only known collection at the

time was from Warralong Station, Western

Australia.

In a subsequent publication, Beni (1979)

described P. maconochiei based on specimens

from Mount Isa, Queensland, commenting

that it differed from P. royceanus in being

a rounded, non-cremnophilous shrub with

compact inflorescences (Figs. 5 & 6), and from

P. mollis in having a densely tomentose rather

than silky, silvery-grey leaf indumentum.

Hammer el al ., Ptilotus royceanus group

Bean (2008) included P. royceanus and

P. maconochiei in a treatment of Ptilotus in

eastern Australia. Specimens included by

Bean as P. royceanus from Queensland were

described as having compact inflorescences

and occurring on rocky slopes, rather

than having the characteristic interrupted

inflorescences and cremnophilous habitat of

that species as given by Beni (1970, 1979). He

regarded that the two species in Queensland

differed in inflorescence shape, with P.

maconochiei having globose to ellipsoidal

inflorescences while those of P. royceanus

were narrowly cylindrical.

In the present study, taxonomic boundaries

within the P. royceanus species group are

critically re-evaluated and the morphological

segregation of species within the group

clarified. Updated descriptions and a key are

given for all three species.

Materials and methods

Dried specimens of Ptilotus maconochiei ,

P. mollis and P. royceanus housed at BRI,

MEL and PERTH were examined, covering

the geographic range of all three species.

Specimens were critically evaluated

irrespective of current determinations

and compared to the protologues and type

specimens, the latter accessed as high-

resolution digital images through JSTOR

Global Plants (https://plants.jstor.org/).

Types were examined by the authors unless

indicated that an image only was seen by

i.d.v. (imago digitalis visa). Distribution

maps were produced using georeferenced

records retrieved from the Australasian

Virtual Herbarium (https://avh.chah.org.au/).

Dimensions in descriptions are inclusive (e.g.

1.0-1.7 is given as 1-1.7).

Common abbreviations in the specimen

citations are Mt (Mountain/Mount) and NP

(National Park).

Results and discussion

Critical examination of all available specimens

from throughout the ranges of the species in

the Ptilotus royceanus group revealed that all

three species are clearly separable based on

morphological differences.

629

Ptilotus mollis is the most distinctive

species within the group, being

morphologically divergent from the other two.

As Beni (1970) pointed out, the indumentum

covering the stems and leaves of P. mollis

consists of long, silky, silvery grey hairs,

noticeably different from the white, thickly

tomentose indumentum of the other two

species. Ptilotus mollis can also be segregated

from P. maconochiei and P. royceanus in

having sepals that are 1.8-3 mm long and a

style that is 0.5-0.7 mm long, the latter species

having longer sepals and style (see below).

Ptilotus maconochiei can be readily

segregated from Western Australian and

Northern Territory populations of P.

royceanus (referred to here as ‘western P.

royceanus ’) on the basis of habitat, leaf shape,

inflorescence shape, staminal cup length and

style length.

The habitat of western P. royceanus is

quite different from P. maconochiei , and

appears to be unique within the genus. Plants

grow in the narrow fissures of red sandstone

cliff faces (Fig. 2), making it quite narrowly

distributed in the Petermann Ranges on

the border of Western Australia and the

Northern Territory (Map 1). By contrast, P.

maconochiei grows on rocky slopes or mesas

with laterite, shale or quartzite (Fig. 5).

Leaves of Ptilotus maconochiei are

somewhat variable, ranging from broadly

ovate to obovate or conspicuously fabellate

(fan-shaped) on the same individual. Leaves

on western specimens of P. royceanus are

never fabellate, instead being orbicular to

broadly ovate. Leaves of western P. royceanus

are noticeably shorter than P. maconochiei ,

which are more variable in length based on

the shape of the leaf (e.g. sometimes being

wider than long).

Ptilotus maconochiei consistently has

flowers in tightly compact inflorescences,

while inflorescences in western P. royceanus

are conspicuously interrupted, the stems

with terminal inflorescences often being

pendulous on plants that hang from rock walls

of gorges. Some specimens of western P.

630

Austrobaileya 10(4): 628-638 (2020)

Fig. 1. Inflorescence of Ptilotus royceanus (Jobson 10779 & Davis, NT). Photo: T. A. Hammer.

Fig. 2. Habit of Ptilotus royceanus (Jobson 10779 & Davis, NT). Photo: T.A. Hammer.

Hammer et a/., Ptilotus royceanus group

631

Fig. 3. Inflorescences of Ptilotus mollis Ivan Leeuwen 4845, PERTH). Photo: R.W. Davis.

Fig. 4. Habit of Ptilotus mollis (van Leeuwen 4845, PERTH). Photo: R.W. Davis.

632

Austrobaileya 10(4): 628-638 (2020)

Fig. 5. Inflorescence of Ptilotus maconochiei (Purdie 8598, CANB). Photo: M. Fagg (Australian Plant Image Index:

dig 25946).

royceanus rarely have flowers that are loosely

compact (especially towards the apex) and

not as elongated and pendulous as is usual,

but are none the less distinct from those in

Queensland in that the rachis is clearly visible

between the flowers.

In the protologue for Ptilotus maconochiei ,

Beni (1979) incorrectly gave the staminal cup

length as 3.5-4.5 mm long. This is clearly an

error, as it would make the staminal cup nearly

as long as the sepals, and does not match the

isotype that we examined (PERTH 01558218).

All specimens of P. maconochiei available to

us consistently had staminal cups 0.6-0.8 mm

long. Staminal cups in western P. royceanus

were consistently shorter (0.2-0.4 mm long).

The style also differed significantly between

P. maconochiei and western P. royceanus , the

former being 1.6-2 mm long and the latter

1-1.4 mm long.

All specimens determined as Ptilotus

royceanus from Queensland fell within the

morphological range of P. maconochiei , and

were clearly different from western (i.e. true)

P. royceanus. They occur in similar habitats

to P. maconochiei , had a similar range of leaf

shapes, dense inflorescences with the rachis

not visible between the flowers, staminal cups

0.6-0.8 mm long and styles 1.6-2 mm long.

Hammer el alPtilotus royceanus group

Bean (2008) gave sepal length (as ‘tepaP

length) as a character discriminating Ptilotus

maconochiei from the Queensland specimens

of P. royceanus he examined, indicating that

the sepals of P. maconochiei were 5-7 mm

long and those of Queensland P. royceanus

were 4-5 mm long. In the protologues,

Beni (1970, 1979) gave the sepal length of

P. maconochiei as 4.5-5 mm long and of P.

royceanus as 5-6 mm long. Our examinations

showed that sepal lengths in all specimens

from Queensland, regardless of species

determination, overlapped significantly

and had a range of 4-6 mm long. Ptilotus

royceanus from Western Australia and the

Northern Territory had a range of 4.5-5.8 mm

long. Given the clear overlap in measurements

amongst all specimens, we do not regard

sepal length as a good character for the use of

discriminating these two species.

Bean (2008) also used inflorescence shape

in his key separating Ptilotus maconochiei

and P. royceanus , describing inflorescences

in P. maconochiei as globose to ellipsoidal

compared with narrowly cylindrical shape for

Queensland P. royceanus. Inflorescence shape

in these species is a factor of inflorescence

length, shorter inflorescences appearing more

globose and longer ones more cylindrical.

Inflorescences in Ptilotus are indeterminate,

their length varying widely within a species

given local environmental conditions (e.g.

a longer growing season). A specimen of P.

maconochiei near Mt Isa (BRI [AQ699277])

had an inflorescences of similar shape and

length to specimens identified as P. royceanus

from Queensland.

Given the discrete morphological

differences between western Ptilotus

royceanus and those recognised in

Queensland by Bean (2008), the clear

morphological overlap between Queensland

P. royceanus specimens and P. maconochiei,

and the geographic disjunction between

the Queensland populations determined as

P. royceanus and the range of western P.

royceanus in Western Australia and Northern

Territory (Map 1), we here recircumscribe

P. maconochiei to include the Queensland

specimens previously referred to as P.

633

royceanus. Revised taxonomic concepts of

the species within the P. royceanus group are

given below.

Taxonomy

Ptilotus maconochiei Beni, J. Adelaide Bot.

Gard. 1: 201-204, figs 1, 2 (1979). Type:

Queensland. Burke District: Mt Isa, 8

March 1976, G. BenlAu64 & J.R. Maconochie

(holo: M 0241487 i.d.v. ; iso: AD 97904169

i.d.v., B 100272696 i.d.v., BM 000895592

i.d.v., BRI [AQ0332686] i.d.v., CANB 353258

i.d.v., DNA D0013856 i.d.v., G 00236989

i.d.v., K 000357022 i.d.v., M 0241488 i.d.v.,

MEL 538277 i.d.v., NSW 821430 i.d.v., NY

00341969 i.d.v., P 00609980 i.d.v., PERTH

01558218).

Erect shrubs 30-100 cm high. Stems terete,

their surface obscured by a densely tomentose

indumentum of crisped nodose hairs; older

stems woody and glabrescent. Basal leaves

not seen. Cauline leaves obovate to broadly

ovate or sometimes flabellate, 5-22 mm

long, 5-26 mm wide, densely tomentose

with crisped nodose hairs, the indumentum

obscuring the surface; bases subsessile to

petiolate, the petiole 1-5 mm long; margins

entire. Inflorescences spiciform, terminal or

axillary, solitary when axillary or in clusters

of 2 or 3 when terminal, ovoid to cylindrical,

pink, 15-30 mm long, 10-15 mm wide; apex

acute. Bracts ovate, 1.9-2.1 mm long, 1.1-1.5

mm wide, abaxially densely tomentose with

crisped nodose hairs, adaxially glabrous;

midrib conspicuous, pink; apex acute,

falcately curved. Bracteoles narrowly ovate,

1.8-2.3 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, abaxially

densely tomentose with crisped nodose hairs,

adaxially glabrous; midrib conspicuous, pink;

apex acute, falcately curved. Outer sepals

lanceolate, 4.8-6 mm long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide,

pink, abaxially villous with spreading nodose

hairs, adaxially glabrous; apex truncate, white,

glabrous, with in-rolled margins. Inner sepals

lanceolate, 4-5.8 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide,

pink, abaxially villous with spreading nodose

hairs, adaxially glabrous; apex truncate to

acute, glabrous, white, with in-rolled margins.

Fertile stamens 5; filaments cream, 1.2-2.2

mm long, unequal in length, filiform; anthers

cream or pink, 0.4-0.5 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm

634

Austrobaileya 10(4): 628-638 (2020)

Fig. 6. Habit of Ptilotus maconochiei {Purdie 8598 , CANB). Photo: M. Fagg (Australian Plant Image Index: dig

25946).

wide. Staminal cup symmetrical, not lobed,

0.6-0.8 mm long, glabrous. Ovary obovoid,

pink, 0.9-1.4 mm long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide,

densely villous with straight nodose hairs.

Style straight, 1.6-2 mm long, centrally fixed

on the ovary. Stigma unlobed, capitate. Fruit

smooth, membranous. Seed glossy, black,

1.2-1.3 mm long, 0.9-1 mm wide. Figs. 5 &

Additional selected specimens examined : Queensland.

Burke District: Oskar’s valley, 15 km N of Mt Isa,

Jun 1996, Barrs SB24 (BRI); Mt Isa lookout, Sep 2005,

Johnston 05-101 (BRI); Tourist lookout near race course,

Mt Isa, 9 Apr 1975, George 12968 (PERTH); Fountain

Range, 54 km SE of Mt Isa, Jul 1989, Harris 411

(BRI). Gregory North District: Ayshire Hills, N of

Winton, Sep 2008, Fensham 5819 (BRI); NW of Winton

(Ayrshire Hills), Sep 2005, Johnston 0509-2 (BRI); Mt

Edward Graves, Brighton Downs, Jul 2012, Silcock

JLS1243 & Winter (BRI); DiamantinaNP, Fly Mesa, Apr

1997, Forster P1F20760 & Holland (BRI). Mitchell

District: Mt Stewart near Jundah, Sep 1984, Hando s.n.

& Joyce (BRI [AQ396011]). Warrego District: Emmet

Pocket Lookout, Idalia NP, Mar 1996, Forster PIF18836

et al. (BRI); Idalia NP, Emmet Pocket Lookout, Feb

2000, Nicholls SN18 (BRI); Idalia National Park, Emmet

Pocket Lookout area, Dec 2012, Purdie 8598 (CANB);

NW of Lisburne Homestead on Eton Vale boundary,

Sep 2011, Silcock JLS1017 & McRae (BRI); ‘Etonvale’

Station, Jun 1984, Blick s.n. (BRI [AQ440577]); Tree

Snake Hill, 8 km N of house, N of old mill, 4 km W

of Blackall - Adavale road, Sep 2011, Silcock JLS1026

& McRae (BRI); Lynbryon, hills S of Scrubby Creek

road, Jun 2011, Silcock JLS903 (BRI). Gregory South

District: Mt Henderson, 22 km E of Birdsville turnoff

towards Windorah, Aug 2013, Silcock JLS1558 (BRI); 72

km W of Windorah, Jul 1936, Blake 12119 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Ptilotus

maconochiei is endemic to Queensland, in

the Burke, Gregory North, Mitchell, Warrego

and Gregory South pastoral districts (Map 1).

The habitat is typically described as slopes or

edges of stony ridges, outcrops or mesas with

laterite, shale or quartzite and with scattered

vegetation consisting of Acacia Mill,

Eucalyptus L'Her. or Triodia R.Br.

Phenology: Ptilotus maconochiei has been

collected flowering and fruiting from June

to September, with outlying collections from

February to April.

Hammer et al ., Ptilotus royceanus group

Conservation status : Ptilotus maconochiei

is listed as Near Threatened in Queensland

under the Nature Conservation (Wildlife)

Regulation 2006.

Ptilotus mollis Beni, J. Roy. Soc. West.

Aust. 53: 4-5, fig. 3 (1970). Type: Western

Australia. Gorge Range, Warralong Station, 1

May 1941, N.T. Burbidge 780 (holo: PERTH

00999288)

Low rounded shrubs 30-40 cm high. Stems

terete, densely villous with long, silky, nodose

hairs that obscure the surface, becoming

woody and glabrescent with age. Basal leaves

not seen. Cauline leaves ovate to obovate,

10-28 mm long, 5-12 mm wide, densely

silky-villous with nodose hairs obscuring the

surface; bases subsessile to petiolate, petiole

1-6 mm long; margins entire. Inflorescences

spiciform, axillary or terminal, arranged in

a condensed panicle, cylindrical, 5-20 mm

long, 6-8 mm wide, pinkish white; apex

acute. Bracts broadly ovate to ovate, 1.8-

2.1 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide, abaxially

densely villous with crisped, nodose hairs,

adaxially glabrous; midrib conspicuous,

brown; apex acute, slightly falcately curved.

Bracteoles ovate to narrowly ovate, 2.3-2.5

mm long, 1-1.1 mm wide, abaxially densely

villous with crisped, nodose hairs, adaxially

glabrous; midrib conspicuous, brown; apex

acute, slightly falcately curved. Outer sepals

oblanceolate to lanceolate, 2.2-3 mm long,

1-1.1 mm wide, pink, abaxially villous with

spreading nodose hairs, adaxially glabrous;

apex acute, white, glabrous. Inner sepals

lanceolate, 2-2.8 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm

wide, pink, abaxially villous with spreading

nodose hairs, adaxially glabrous; apex acute,

glabrous, white. Fertile stamens 5; filaments

0.5-1.1 mm long, unequal in length, filiform,

cream; anthers 0.4-0.5 mm long, 0.2-0.3

mm wide, cream or pink. Staminal cup

symmetrical, not lobed, 0.3-0.4 mm long,

glabrous. Ovary obovoid, 0.7-0.9 mm long,

0.7-0.9 mm wide, white, densely villous with

straight, nodose hairs. Style straight, 0.5-0.7

mm long, centrally fixed on the ovary. Stigma

unlobed, capitate. Fruit smooth, membranous.

Seed c. 1.4 mm long, c. 0.9 mm wide, glossy,

dark brown. Figs. 3 & 4.

635

Additional selected specimens examined : Western

Australia, c. 15 km E of Port Hedland - Wittenoom

Road, 77 km SW of Marble Bar, May 2011, Saligari TRS

72-07 & Grantham (PERTH); Ripon Hills, entrance to

abandoned Ripon Hill Mining Centre, May 2001, van

Leeuwen 4845 (PERTH); c. 40 km SSW of Marble Bar

on Panorama Station, Apr 2014, London WEC-001 et al.

(PERTH); c. 2.7 km E of Marble Bar Road & 28.4 km N

of Nullagine, May 2013, Woodman 100-03 & McFarlane

(PERTH); 60.9 km NNE of Nanutarra Roadhouse,

Cane River Conservation Park, Jun 2011, Dillon CR

9160 & Markey (PERTH); WNW of Red Hill Station,

outside of the West Pilbara Iron project area, Aug 2008,

True LCH 24941 (PERTH); 21.2 km W of Nullagine -

Newman Road to Bamboo Springs Homestead, Aug

2004, Chinnock 9657 (PERTH); Rudall River Region,

Jun 1987, Hart 955 (PERTH); 61 km NW of Tom Price,

Sep 2007, Thoma ET1317 (PERTH); c. 150 km SE of Port

Hedland, 50 km E of the Great Northern Highway on

western edge of Panorama Station, Aug 2010, Stratton

BS 02 & Saligari (PERTH); c. 93 km WNW of Newman,

Sep 2010, Bull ONS JSF 338.02 (PERTH); c. 77 km

NW of Newman on Great Northern Highway, Jul 2015,

Thiele 5254 (PERTH).

Distribution and habitat : Ptilotus mollis

is endemic in Western Australia, mostly in

the Pilbara IBRA (Interim Biogeographic

Regionalisation for Australia) bioregion but

with the eastern-most occurrence in the Little

Sandy Desert IBRA bioregion (Map 1). It

is typically found on rocky scree slopes or

hillsides, often with ironstone, on skeletal red

or brown clayey loam soils, and it is typically

associated with Acacia or Tr/W/a-dominated

plant communities.

Phenology : Flowering and fruiting from May

to August.

Conservation status: Ptilotus mollis is

listed by Smith & Jones (2018) as Priority

Four under Conservation Codes of Western

Australian Flora.

Ptilotus royceanus Beni, J. Roy. Soc.

West. Aust. 53: 1-4, figs 1, 2 (1970). Type:

Western Australia. Bungabiddy Rockhole,

Walter James Range, 5 October 1966, A.S.

George 8314 (holo: PERTH 01139363; iso:

B 100272695 i.d.v., CANB 251193 i.d.v ., K

000357017 i.d.v., M 0241502 i.d.v., MEL

2279190 i.d.v., NSW 821275 i.d.v., PERTH

01139371, RSA 0000623 i.d.v).

Erect or usually hanging, cremnophilous

subshrubs, 30-60 cm high. Stems terete,

densely woolly with crisped, nodose hairs

636

obscuring the surface, becoming woody and

glabrescent with age. Basal leaves not seen.

Cauline leaves orbicular to broadly ovate,

4-15 mm long, 4-10 mm wide, densely

woolly with crisped, nodose hairs obscuring

the surface; bases sessile to petiolate, petiole

0-2 mm long; margins entire. Inflorescences

spiciform with interrupted or rarely loosely

compact flowers, terminal or rarely axillary,

pendulous, solitary, indeterminate shape,

pink, 40-150 mm long, 8-10 mm wide; apex

acute. Bracts ovate, 1.8-2.2 mm long, 0.6-1.2

mm wide, abaxially densely woolly with

crisped, nodose hairs, adaxially glabrous;

midrib conspicuous, pink; apex acute,

falcately curved. Bracteoles narrowly ovate,

2-2.4 mm long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide, abaxially

densely woolly with crisped, nodose hairs,

adaxially glabrous; midrib conspicuous,

pink; apex acute, falcately curved. Outer

sepals lanceolate, 4.8-5.8 mm long, 0.6-

0.8 mm wide, pink, abaxially villous with

spreading nodose hairs, adaxially glabrous;

apex truncate, white, glabrous, with in-rolled

margins. Inner sepals lanceolate, 4.5-5.5

mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide, pink, abaxially

villous with spreading nodose hairs, adaxially

glabrous; apex truncate to acute, glabrous,

white, with in-rolled margins. Fertile stamens

5; filaments 1.3-2.7 mm long, unequal in

length, filiform, cream; anthers 0.4-0.5

mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide, cream or pink.

Staminal cup symmetrical, not lobed, 0.2-0.4

mm long, glabrous. Ovary obovoid, pink,

0.9-1.2 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, densely

villous to woolly with crisped, nodose hairs.

Style straight, 1-1.4 mm long, centrally fixed

on the ovary. Stigma unlobed, capitate. Fruit

smooth, membranous. Seed glossy, c. 1.3 mm

long, c. 0.9 mm wide, black. Figs. 1 & 2.

Additional selected specimens examined : Western

Australia. Bungabiddy Rockhole, NE of Ngaanyatara -

Giles, Sandy Blightjunction tract, Apr 2013, Keigherys. n.

& Moyle (PERTH 08718202); 27 km N of Great Central

Road on Sandy Blight Junction Road, Bungabiddy

Rockhole, Jul 2013, Brand 362 (PERTH); Bungabiddy

Rockhole, c. 26 km N on the Sandy Blight Road from

the Warakurna road at the main rockhole, Jun 2007,

Sweedman 7102 (PERTH); Bangalbirri [Bangalburi]

Rockhole, Apr 1972, Maconochie 1384 (BRI, MEL,

Austrobaileya 10(4): 628-638 (2020)

PERTH); Pingkalpiri [Pungkilpirri] Rockhole, Walter

James Range, Jun 1989, Pearson DJP651 (PERTH);

Walter James Range, Mar 1993, Chapman 893 (PERTH);

Glen Cumming, Rawlinson Range, Jul 1967, George

8825 (PERTH); Pangkupirri [Pungkilpirri] Rockhole,

Walter James Range, Sep 2006, Vonow HPV3075 et

al. (PERTH); Just E of Pass of the Abencerrages,

Rawlinson Range, Jul 1974, George 12147 (PERTH);

Glen Cummings, Rawlinson Range, 1972, Robinson

s.n. (PERTH 00224057); Glen Cumming Gorge, Aug

2012, Blake DD364 (PERTH). Northern Territory. W

side of gorge, 24.6 km E of Docker River crossing, Aug

2013, Jobson 10779 & Davis (NT, PERTH); 0.5 mile [c.

0.8 km] E Ewalinga Rockhole, Petermann Ranges, Sep

1969, Maconochie 780 (MEL, PERTH); Dean Range,

Aug 1973, Latz 4185 (MEL, PERTH).

Distribution and habitat : Ptilotus royceanus

is restricted to the Petermann Ranges on the

Western Australia and Northern Territory

border in the Central Ranges IBRA bioregion

(Map 1), where it typically occurs in narrow

rock crevices on the vertical walls of gorges

composed of red sandstone. Nearby rocks

are often dominated by Triodia spp. with

scattered shrubs.

Phenology : Flowering and fruiting from June

to September, but with outlying collections

from March and April.

Conservation status: Ptilotus royceanus is

listed as Near Threatened in the Northern

Territory under the Territory Parks and

Wildlife Conservation Act , but not listed as of

conservation concern in Western Australia.

Many Western Australian collections are

from the same site, variously given as

Pungkilpirri, Bungabiddy or Bangalburi

Rockhole. The species may be restricted

to just a few locations. Given its very

restricted distribution and specific habitat,

we recommend that the conservation status

of P. royceanus in Western Australia be re¬

evaluated.

637

Hammer et a/., Ptilotus royceanus group

Key to the Ptilotus royceanus species group

1 Stems and leaves densely white-tomentose; sepals >3.5 mm long;

style >0.9 mm long.2

1. Stems and leaves densely silvery-grey silky-villous; sepals

<3.1 mm long; style <0.8 mm long.P. mollis

2 Inflorescences interrupted or rarely loosely compact; staminal cup

0.2-0.4 mm long; style 1-1.4 mm long.P. royceanus

2. Inflorescences tightly compact; staminal cup 0.6-0.8 mm

long; style 1.6-2 mm long.P. maconochiei

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the directors and staff

of the cited herbaria for access to their

collections and loaning material. Murray

Fagg (Canberra) and the Australian Plant

Image Index are thanked for permission to use

photographs (i.e. dig 25943 and dig 25946).

TAH acknowledges the support of a Forrest

Research Foundation PhD scholarship and

University Postgraduate Award (UWA). This

research did not receive any specific funding.

References

Bean, A.R. (2008). A synopsis of Ptilotus

(Amaranthaceae) in eastern Australia. Telopea

12: 227-250.

Benl, G. (1970). Two xerophytic new species of Ptilotus

(Amaranthaceae) from Western Australia.

Journal of the Royal Society of Western

Australia 53: 1-6.

-(1979). Two new taxa of Ptilotus (Amaranthaceae).

Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 1:

201-204.

Hammer, T.A., Davis, R.W. & Thiele, K.R. (2018). A

key to Ptilotus (Amaranthaceae) in Western

Australia. Nuytsia 29: 217-227.

Hammer, T.A., Zhong, X., Colas des Francs-Small,

C., Nevill, P.G., Small, I.D. & Thiele, K.R.

(2019) Resolving intergeneric relationships in

the aervoid clade and the backbone of Ptilotus

(Amaranthaceae): Evidence from whole plastid

genomes and morphology. Taxon 68(2): 297-

314. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax. 12054

Smith, M.G. & Jones, A. (2018). Threatened and Priority

Flora list 5 December 2018. Department of

Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-

animals/threatened-species-and-communities/

threatened-plants, accessed 18 December 2018.

638

Austrobaileya 10(4): 628-638 (2020)

Map 1 . The distributions of the three species as inferred from records retrieved from the Australasian Virtual

Herbarium (http://avh.chah.org.au/): Ptilotus mollis (vertical shading), P. royceanus (diagonal shading), P.

maconochiei (horizontal shading) and Queensland records of P. royceanus (triangles) sensu Bean (2008) reassessed

in the present study.

Endiandra inopinata B.Gray (Lauraceae), a new

species from Queensland’s Wet Tropics

B. Gray

Summary

Gray, B. (2020). Endiandra inopinata B.Gray (Lauraceae), a new species from Queensland’s

Wet Tropics. Austrobaileya 10(4): 639-644. Endiandra inopinata B.Gray, a new species closely

related to E. insignis F.M. Bailey but differing in floral and fruiting characteristics, is described and

illustrated. The new species is restricted to the Mount Lewis and Mount Sorrow areas of the Wet

Tropics rainforest of northeast Queensland.

Key Words: Lauraceae; Endiandra ; Endiandra inopinata ; Australia flora; Queensland flora; Wet

Tropics rainforest; new species; taxonomy

B. Gray, c/o Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, McGregor

Road, Smithfield, Queensland 4878, Australia.

Introduction

Endiandra R.Br. (Lauraceae) is a genus of

c. 100 species occurring in Asia, Malesia,

Australia and the Pacific Islands with

38 species (33 or 34 species endemic) in

Australia (Hyland 1989; Le Cussan & Hyland

2007). Rohwer (1993) using morphological

and anatomical characters, included

Endiandra in the ‘ Beilschmiedia group’ of

the Perseeae Nees, along with Beilschmiedia

Nees, Brassiodendron C.K.Allen, Hexapora

Hook.f. and Potameia Thouars. Endiandra

has been found to consistently group with

Beilschmiedia based on molecular analyses

(Rohwer & Rudolph 2005; Rohwer et al.

2014; van der Merwe et al. 2016; Song et al.

2019) and the two genera differ mainly in the

orientation of the anther valves in the flower

(Hyland 1989; Le Cussan & Hyland 2007).

This apparent relationship is under question;

however, as the recent more comprehensive

study of Song et al. (2019) inferred a closer

relationship between species of Beilschmiedia

and Syndiclis Hook.f., with Endiandra sister

to that group.

In Australia species of Endiandra occur

from Torres Strait in Queensland to southern

New South Wales, with one species extending

to the Northern Territory. The majority

of Australian Endiandra species occur in

rainforest, gallery or littoral forests with only

a few species extending to drier open forests.

The species described below was first

collected flowering in June of 1996 by

Paul Forster, Maurice Tucker and Garry

Sankowsky, {Forster PIF19236 et al), along

the Mount Lewis Road and this collection

and subsequent collections from there and

the Mount Sorrow area were subsequently

identified as Endiandra insignis F.M.Bailey;

however, closer study has shown it to be a

distinct species. This new species is endemic

to the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion and

is here described as E. inopinata B.Gray.

Although relatively common where it

occurs, with flowering occurring over a

long period, fruiting specimens proved very

difficult to find, but collections in December

of 2017 have made it possible to complete the

description of this species.

Materials and methods

All measurements and illustrations in this

study are based on living plants in the field,

herbarium specimens and spirit preserved

materials from CNS and BRI. The description

is modelled on those of Hyland (1989).

Dimensions are inclusive, i.e. 1.0-1.7 is given

as 1-1.7.

Accepted for publication 13 January 2020

640

Abbreviations used in the specimen

citation include LA (Logging Area), SF (State

Forest or State Forest Reserve), Mt (Mount or

Mountain except where a designated National

Park or State Forest name).

Taxonomy

Endiandra inopinata B.Gray sp. nov.

Similar to Endiandra insignis F.M.Bailey

but differing in anther filaments without

glands and fruit 24-27 x 32-36 mm, opposed

to anther filaments with glands, and fruits

60-80 x 65-100 mm in E. insignis. Typus:

Queensland. Cook District: Mount Lewis

Road, 11 km from Mount Molloy to Mossman

Road, B. Gray BG9411 (holo: BRI; iso: CNS).

Small tree to 12 m tall, poorly formed and

often with two or more stems from ground

level; stem to 15 cm dbh, without buttresses;

bark nondescript. Twigs terete and clothed

in pale brown to rusty hairs when young,

becoming glabrescent. Leaves green on the

underside, clothed in appressed, pale brown

to rusty hairs, especially so on midrib and

primary veins, upper surface glabrous. Leaf

blade elliptical to ovate-elliptical, apex acute

to acuminate, base cuneate, 5.8-14.5 x 2-6.5

cm; penninerved, primary veins 5-8 pairs

(mode 6) flush on the upper surface, midrib

flush on the upper surface. Inflorescence

paniculate, terminal, axillary or on twigs

below the leaves, clothed in rusty upright

hairs, bracts narrowly triangular to linear,

0.8-2 x 0.2-0.4 mm. Flowers 3-merous,

green, scarcely opening at anthesis, the tepals

remaining erect and forming a tight sheath

around the exserted anthers and style. Pedicel

0.8-1.5 x 0.7-0.9 mm. Perianth tube 1-1.9 x

27-3.2 mm at the widest point, but narrowing

slightly at the apex where it ranges from

2.2-27 mm diameter, outer tepals 3, 1.2-1.5

x 1.8-2.3 mm, inner tepals 3, 1.1-1.3 x 1-1.3

mm, all tepals usually with sparse, appressed

hairs on the inner surfaces, but only rarely

on the outer surfaces. Anthers glabrous,

opening sideways and outwards, 0.6-0.9 x

0.3-0.6 mm. Filaments 1-1.3 mm long, hairy,

glands absent; staminodes usually 3, variable,

linear to narrowly triangular, usually

undifferentiated, hairy, 0.9-1.1 x 0.2-0.3

mm. Ovary sessile, c. 0.8 x 0.7 mm, glabrous;

Austrobaileya 10(4): 639-644 (2020)

style 0.9-lmm long, glabrous. Fruits wider

than long and slightly laterally compressed,

24-27 mm long and 32-36 mm wide, yellow

pinkish yellow to orange when ripe; mesocarp

+ exocarp 2-2.5 mm thick; endocarp 0.2-0.3

mm thick; seed 16.5-21 x 19-25 mm; testa

0.2-0.3 mm thick; radicle central. Cotyledons

cream to pinkish cream. Figs. 1-4.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. Cook

District: Daintree NP, upper slope of Mt Sorrow

walking track, Nov 2018, Ford 5410 (BRI); Mt Sorrow

walking track, Jul 2017, Gray 9787 & Hawkes (CNS);

ibid , Dec 2017, Gray 9961 & Hawkes (CNS); SF 143,

South Mary LA, Jun 1996, Forster PIF19236, Tucker

& Sankowsky (BRI); 3.9 km from Bushy Creek bridge

on Mt Lewis Road, Jun 2005, Ford 4668 (CNS); 100

m past gate at grassy clearing on Mt Lewis Road, Dec

2017, Jensen 3892 & McKenna (BRI); 12.1 km on Mt

Lewis Road from Julatten - Mossman Road, Nov 2005,

Halford Q8831 & Jensen (BRI); 6.8 km past gate on

Mt Lewis Road, Nov 2005, Halford Q8838 & Jensen

(BRI); Mt Lewis Road, Aug 2009, Gray 9297 (CNS); Mt

Lewis access Road, Jan 2012, Gray 9481 (CNS); ibid,

Aug 2013, Gray 9577 (CNS); Mt Lewis Road, 12 km

from Mt Molloy - Mossman Road, Jan 2012, Gray 9482

(CNS); Mt Lewis Road 300 m before Finch clearing, Apr

2016, Gray 9776 & Hawkes (CNS); Mt Lewis Road, 9.5

km from Mt Molloy - Mossman Road, Apr 2016, Gray

9777 & Hawkes (CNS); ibid, Dec 2017, Gray 9957 &

Ford (CNS); Mt Lewis Road, 11.1 km from Mt Molloy

- Mossman Road, Dec 2017, Gray 9956 & Ford (CNS);

Mt Lewis Road, 9.5 km from Mt Molloy - Mossman

Road, 100 m before Finch clearing, June 2018, Gray

9971 (CNS).

Distribution and habitat: Endiandra

inopinata is so far recorded from two small

areas, Mt Lewis Road in the Brooklyn

Wildlife Sanctuary and Mount Lewis National

Park, and along the Mt Sorrow walking track

within the Daintree National Park; however,

it is likely because of the lack of access to this

portion of the Wet Tropics, that the species

may well occur in a broader area (Map 1).

Endiandra inopinata grows as an

understory tree in an area of high rainfall

in montain rainforest (complex notophyll to

mesophyll vineforest) at altitudes between

250 and 1100 m, on soils derived from granite

and can at times be locally common.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded in

January to August, while ripe fruits have

been recorded in December and January.

Flowering has been observed on trees as

small as 4 metres tall.

Gray, Endiandra inopinata

641

Fig. 1. Endiandra inopinata. A. habit of flowering branchlet. B. flower (lateral view). C. flower (top view). D. anthers

and staminode (lateral view). E. staminode. F. anther (adaxial view). G. fruit. H. section through fruit. I. seedling.

Scales as indicated. A-F from Gray BG94II (CNS); G & I from Jensen 3892 & McKenna (BRI); H from Gray 9956

& Ford (CNS). Del. B. Gray.

642

Austrobaileya 10(4): 639-644 (2020)

Fig. 2. Flowering plant of Endiandra inopinata ( Gray BG9971, CNS). Photo: B. Gray.

Fig. 3. Inflorescence and flowers of Endiandra inopinata ( Gray BG9971, CNS). Photo: B. Gray.

Gray, Endiandra inopinata

643

Fig. 4. Ripe fruit of Endiandra inopinata ( Jensen 3892 & McKenna, BRI). Photo: R. Jensen.

Notes : Endiandra inopinata is most similar to

E. insignis , but differs in being a small tree

usually with basal coppice and/or multiple

stems less than 15 cm diameter, with fruits

to 36 mm diameter, compared to E. insignis

which grows to a tree 25 m tall x 80 cm dbh,

with fruits 65-100 mm diameter (Hyland

1989). E. inopinata has very distinctive

pinkish-red new growth leaves during the wet

season which make the tree easily recognised

at that time of the year.

Etymology : The specific epithet is derived

from the Latin inopinatus (unexpected) and

refers to the unexpected discovery of this new

species in areas that have been frequently

botanised.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Rigel Jensen who first brought

this species to my attention, Tim Hawkes

and Andrew Ford for assistance in the field

and for their collections from Mt Sorrow.

The curators of BRI and CNS for access to

their collections. Tony Bean for preparing

the distribution map and Paul Forster for

comments on the manuscript.

References

Hyland, B.P.M. (1989). A revision of Lauraceae in

Australia (excluding Cassytha). Australian

Systematic Botany 2: 135-367.

Le Cussan, J. & Hyland, B.P.M. (2007). Lauraceae. In

A.S. George (ed.). Flora of Australia 2: 106-

223. Australian Biological Resources Study:

Canberra.

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Rohwer, J.G. (1993). Lauraceae. In K. Kubitzki et al.

(eds.). The Families and Genera of Vascular

Plants. 2: 366-391. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.

Rohwer, J.G. & Rudolph, B. (2005). Jumping genera:

the phylogenetic positions of Cassytha,

Hypodaphnis, and Neocinnamomum

(Lauraceae) based on different analyses of the

trnK intron sequences. Annals of the Missouri

Botanical Garden 92: 153-178.

Rohwer, J.G., De Moraes, P.L.R., Rudolph, B., van

der Werff, H. (2014). A phylogenetic analysis

of the Cryptocarya group (Lauraceae), and

relationships of Dahlgrenodendron, Sinopora,

Triadodaphne , and Yasuna. Phytotaxa 158:

111-132.

Austrobaileya 10(4): 639-644 (2020)

Song, Y., Yu, W-B., Tan, Y-h., Jin, J-J., Wang, B., Yang,

J-B., Liu, B. & Corlett, R.T. (2019). Plastid

phylogenomics improve phylogenetic resolution

in the Lauraceae. Journal of Systematics and

Evolution dor. 10.1111/jse. 12536.

Van der Merwe, M., Crayn, D.M., Ford, A., Weston,

PH. & Rossetto, M. (2016). Evolution of

Australian Cryptocarya (Lauraceae) based

on nuclear and plastid phylogenetic trees:

evidence of recent landscape-level disjunctions.

Australian Systematic Botany 29: 157-166.

Map 1 . Distribution of Endiandra inopinata. Cross hatching indicate the conservation estate.

Taxonomic notes on the Melaleuca leucadendra

(L.) L. group (Myrtaceae) in Queensland

A.R. Bean

Summary

Bean, A.R. (2020). Taxonomic notes on the Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. group (Myrtaceae) in

Queensland Austrobaileya 10(4): 645-655. Melaleuca oblivia A.R.Bean and M stenostachya subsp.

amplior A.R.Bean are newly described, and M. nervosa subsp. crosslandiana (W.Fitzg.) Barlow ex

Craven is reinstated. Distribution maps and illustrations are provided for all taxa discussed. An

identification key for all Queensland members of the M. leucadendra group is included.

Key Words: Myrtaceae; Melaleuca leucadendra ; Melaleuca nervosa subsp. crosslandiana, Melaleuca

nervosa subsp. nervosa, Melaleuca oblivia, Melaleuca stenostachya subsp. amplior, Australia flora;

Queensland flora; new species; new subspecies; identification key; distribution maps

A.R. Bean, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: tony.bean@des.qld.gov.

Introduction

The genus Melaleuca L. has around 290

species and is distributed throughout

Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New

Guinea, Indonesia and mainland south-east

Asia (Brophy et al. 2013). Eighty species

are currently recognised for Queensland, and

occur in virtually all habitats except rainforest

and mangroves.

Perhaps the most taxonomically difficult

Queensland species belong to the Melaleuca

leucadendra (L.) L. group, sometimes

known as the broad-leaved paperbarks.

Bentham (1867), with the material available

to him, recognised just two species in the

group, namely M. lasiandra F.Muell. and

a polymorphic M. leucadendra. Blake

(1968) brought order from taxonomic and

nomenclatural chaos in a comprehensive and

insightful monograph of the M. leucadendra

group, where he accounted for around 100

published names relating to the group,

including many that were misapplied, and

described two new species. His study was

based on both herbarium specimens and

extensive field studies, and he discovered

several important taxonomic characters

that have proved to be of considerable value

in distinguishing species. Byrnes (1984,

1985, 1986) revised the genus Melaleuca

for northern and eastern Australia, and in

the M. leucadendra group he named several

new varieties and formas of existing species,

most of which are no longer accepted.

Barlow & Forrester (1984) suggested that

M crosslandiana W.Fitzg. should be made

a subspecies of M. nervosa (Findl.) Cheel

(later validated by Craven (1999)) though

subsequently sunk by Craven & Cowie

(2013), and Barlow (in Craven & Barlow

1997) described three new Queensland taxa:

M fluviatilis Barlow, M. cajuputi subsp.

platyphylla Barlow and M. clarksonii Barlow.

Fifteen species belonging to the Melaleuca

leucadendra group are currently recognised

for Queensland, and in this paper, M. oblivia

A.R.Bean and M. stenostachya subsp.

amplior A.R.Bean are newly described, and

M. nervosa subsp. crosslandiana (W.Fitzg.)

Barlow ex Craven is reinstated.

Accepted for publication 23 January 2020

646

Materials and methods

This paper is based on an examination of

around 650 Melaleuca specimens held at

BRI, and type specimen images on the

JSTOR website. All measurements are based

on dried herbarium material. Dimensions are

inclusive, viz. 1.0-1.7 is given as 1-1.7.

In the specimen citations, common

abbreviations are Mt (Mountain or Mount)

and NP (National Park).

Taxonomy

Austrobcdleya 10 ( 4 ): 645-655 ( 2020 )

Distribution maps are provided for all

the taxa taxonomically discussed and were

compiled using DIVA-GIS Version 7.5.0,

using geocodes given on the labels of the

specimens examined.

A key to all Melaleuca species occurring

in Queensland is available on the internet

(Keybase 2019); however, a key to just the

species in the M leucadendra group is

provided here.

Key to taxa of the Melaleuca leucadendra group in Queensland 1

1 Inflorescences and infructescences in globose or ellipsoidal heads, or

short spikes < 30 mm long.2

1. Inflorescences and infructescences spicate, spikes 30-150 mm long. 3

2 Adult leaf apex obtuse; hypanthium sparsely hairy with hairs 0.4-0.6 mm

long; capsules 3.5-4.5 mm diameter; anther cells 0.4-0.5 mm long. M. arcana

2. Adult leaf apex acute; hypanthium densely hairy with hairs 0.1-0.3 mm

long; capsules 2.5-3.3 mm diameter; anther cells 0.3-0.4 mm long. M. saligna

3 Larger leaves 25-35 mm long; stamens conspicuously hairy. M. lasiandra

3. Larger leaves 40-150 mm long; stamens glabrous.4

4 Young leaves with many short crisped hairs, and usually with some long

straight hairs (spreading or appressed). 5

4. Young leaves with straight appressed hairs only, often silky, or leaves glabrous.7

5 Hypanthium and rachis sparsely to densely hairy, but surface of

hypanthium/rachis readily visible with hand lens; fruits persistent

for > 12 months. M. fluviatilis

5. Hypanthium and rachis with very dense white hairs, obscuring surface of

hypanthium/rachis; fruits deciduous soon after maturity.6

6 Inflorescence 17-23 mm across; anther cells 0.7-0.8 mm long; mainly

in dune swales near the coast. M. dealbata

6. Inflorescence 30-45 mm across; anther cells 0.45-0.75 mm long;

widespread in inland areas. *M. nervosa subsp. nervosa

7 Rachis and hypanthium glabrous.8

7. Rachis hairy, and hypanthium usually hairy. 11

8 Stamen bundles 5-8 mm long; fruits 3-4 mm diameter; hairs on

leaves 0.1-0.2 mm long . M. clarksonii

8. Stamen bundles 9-22 mm long; fruits 4.5-6.5 mm diameter; leaf hairs

0.2-0.8 mm long or absent.9

'Only those taxa (indicated*) that are newly named or reinstated are dealt with in detail in the subsequent text.

Bean, Melaleuca leucadendra group 647

9 Inflorescences 24-30 mm wide; new growth sparsely hairy.M. leucadendra

9. Inflorescences 31-54 mm wide; new growth densely hairy.10

10 Leaves 7-11 times longer than wide.M. viridiflora var. attenuata

10. Leaves 2-7 times longer than wide.M. viridiflora var. viridiflora

11 Leaves narrow, 7-14 times longer than broad.12

11. Leaves broad, 1.7-7 times longer than broad.16

12 Inflorescences 12-16 mm wide.13

12. Inflorescences 22-42 mm wide.14

13 Larger leaves 3-8(-9) mm wide; fruit diameter 1.9-2.7(-3) mm

.*M. stenostachya subsp. stenostachya

13. Larger leaves (7-)8-14 mm wide; fruit diameter 27-3.3 mm

.*M. stenostachya subsp. amplior

14 Leaves 3-veined; fruits 27-3.3 mm diameter.*M. oblivia

14. Leaves 5-7-veined; fruits 3.6-5.2 mm diameter.15

15 Inflorescences 75-90 mm long and 22-29 mm wide; anther cells 0.8-1.1

mm long; leaf hairs semi-persistent.M. argentea

15. Inflorescences 40-60 mm long and 25-42 mm wide; anther cells 0.5-0.75

mm long; leaf hairs readily deciduous.M. fluviatilis

16 Inflorescences 16-18 mm diameter; fruits 3.2-37 mm diameter

.M. cajuputi subsp. platyphylla

16. Inflorescences 23-54 mm diameter; fruits 3.5-7 mm diameter.17

17 Longer leaves 120-180 mm long and 25-44 mm wide. . . . M. viridiflora var. viridiflora

17. Longer leaves 50-120 mm long and 8-25 mm wide.18

18 Inflorescences 23-32(-40) mm wide; fruits 4-6 mm wide, persistent;

absent from Burke and Gregory North districts.M. quinquenervia

18. Inflorescences 30-45 mm wide; fruits 3.5-4 mm wide, readily deciduous;

Burke and Gregory North districts only.*M. nervosa subsp. crosslandiana

Melaleuca oblivia A.R.Bean sp. nov. with

affinity to M. stenostachya S.T.Blake, but

differing by the longer stamens and style, the

inflorescences with widely spaced triads, the

larger anthers, and the shorter hairs on the

rachis and leaves. Typus: Queensland. Cook

District: Mungkan Kandju National Park, 3

October 2008, K.R. McDonald KRM7960 &

J.W. Winter (holo: BRI; iso: CANB, MEL,

NSW, distribuendi ).

Tree 5-15 m high. Bark grey to white, papery,

persistent thoughout. Branchlets terete, grey

to brown; hairs absent or sparse, appressed,

straight. Leaves simple, entire, spirally

arranged, not pendulous {fide Neldner 2832

& Clarkson ); petioles ill-defined, 5-11 mm

long, flattened; lamina linear to narrowly-

oblanceolate, 57-129 x 6-13 mm, 7-12 times

longer than wide, with 3 prominent raised

longitudinal veins, any additional veins not

extending for more than 50% of leaf length;

oil glands sparse, 12-16 per mm 2 ; hairs simple

appressed, silky, 0.1-0.25 mm long, sparse to

dense on young laminae, becoming glabrous

with age; apex acuminate to apiculate, base

cuneate, margins flat. Inflorescences spicate,

spikes 35-75 mm long, 26-34 mm wide;

rachis with sparse to moderately dense patent

to antrorse white straight hairs, 0.05-0.15

mm long; flowers in triads, 5-merous, sessile,

bracteoles not seen; triads (3—)5—11 mm

apart on the rachis. Hypanthium obconical

to cupular, 1.5-1.9 mm long, with sparse

patent white hairs c. 0.1 mm long; sepals

hemispherical to deflate, 0.5-07 mm long,

with several large globose oil glands, glabrous

648

to sparsely hairy on outer surface, glabrous to

sparsely hairy on inner surface, deciduous;

petals broadly obovate, 1.2-2.1 mm long,

white, outer surface glabrous, inner surface

glabrous, margin sometimes with a few hairs,

oil glands linear to elliptical. Stamens white,

in 5 bundles, 4-6 stamens per bundle, bundles

11-13 mm long, filaments glabrous; anthers

versatile, 0.5-0.7 mm long. Ovary 3-locular;

summit of the ovary densely hairy; style

10-16 mm long, glabrous; stigma slightly

expanded. Mature fruits cupular, 2.5-3.0 mm

long, 2.6-3.2 mm diameter, sessile, glabrous

or glabrescent, valves of capsule enclosed.

Fig. 1A,B,E,G

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. Cook

District: Edward River Aboriginal Reserve, 2 km from

Nutwood crossing, Oct 1980, Clarkson 3526 (BRI);

Weipa, back of rubbish tip, Oct 1981, Morton AM1540

(BRI); 2 km N of Archer River, Oct 1984, Gray 3652

(BRI); c. 25 km SSW of Aurukun and 0.5 km W of the

Archer River, Oct 1982, Clarkson 4547 (BRI); Stone

Crossing, Wenlock River, Oct 1980, Hyland 10774

(BRI); 1.5 km ESE of Aurukun on track leading to

Watson River, Dec 1981, Clarkson 4079 (BRI, CANB,

CNS, K, NT, PERTH); between Cattle Creek and Coal

Seam Creek on Lakeland to Laura Road, Oct 2000, Jago

5765 & Wannan (BRI, DNA); Batavia Downs, 6.4 km

from Peninsula Development Road on track to lagoons

on Wenlock River, Oct 1989, Neldner 2832 & Clarkson

(BRI, CANB, CNS); ibid, Oct 1989, Neldner 2833 &

Clarkson (BRI, CANB, CNS); Orchid Creek Station, W

of Lockhart River, Oct 2013, McDonald KRM14941 &

Thompson (BRI); 30 miles [48 km] SSE of‘Strathleven’,

Nov 1965, Pedley 1842 (BRI); c. 24-26 km SE of Coen,

on Laura - Coen road, Oct 1962, Smith 12021 (BRI);

Lama Lama NP, Goose Lagoon, Bull Swamp track,

Jul 2016, McDonald KRM18760 (BRI); 11 km ENE of

Weipa mission, Jul 1974, Specht W351 & Salt (BRI);

Oyala Thunstang NP, 6.2 km along Rokeby Road, Sep

2013, McDonald KRM14849 (BRI); Running Creek

Nature Refuge, start of timber extraction track near

dam, Oct 2018, McDonald KRM20804 (BRI); Running

Creek Nature Refuge, 25.6 km along Lilyvale Road

from Port Stewart Road junction, Oct 2018, McDonald

KRM20802 (BRI); 9 km N of Morehead River on

Peninsula Development Road, Apr 1980, Clarkson 3116

(BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Melaleuca oblivia is

endemic to Queensland where it is confined to

Cape York Peninsula, extending from Batavia

Downs to Laura and west to Kowanyama and

Weipa (Map 1). It usually grows in woodland

on sandy soils, but sometimes on clayey soils

fringing lagoons. Associated species include

Eucalyptus tetrodonta F.Muell., E. brassiana

Austrobaileya 10(4): 645-655 (2020)

S.T.Blake, Corymbia clarksoniana (D.J.Carr

& S.G.M.Carr) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson,

Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertn.,

Syzygium suborbiculare (Benth.) T.G.Hartley

& L.M. Perry, Grey idea pteridifolia Knight,

Acacia crassicarpa A.Cunn. ex Benth. and A.

torulosa Benth.

Phenology : Flowers in September and

October; fruits recorded for July, November

and December.

Affinities : The closest putative relative of

Melaleuca oblivia on the basis of morphology

is unclear. Several specimens had been

previously identified as either M. stenostachya

or M. fluviatilis , and it has similarities to both

these species. M. oblivia differs from M.

stenostachya subsp. amplior by the stamen

bundles 11—13 mm long (5-8 mm long for

M. stenostachya subsp. amplior ); style 10-14

mm long (6-9 mm for M. stenostachya subsp.

amplior ); flower triads (3-) 5-11 mm apart

(2-4 mm apart for M. stenostachya subsp.

amplior ); anther cells 0.5-0.7 mm long (0.3-

0.4 mm for M. stenostachya subsp. amplior );

leaf hairs 0.1-0.25 mm long (0.2-1.2 mm

long for M. stenostachya subsp. amplior);

rachis hairs patent to antrorse, 0.05-0.15

mm long (appressed, 0.3-0.7 mm long for

M. stenostachya subsp. amplior)., and the

leaves 3-veined (usually 5-veined for M.

stenostachya subsp. amplior).

Melaleuca oblivia differs from M.

fluviatilis by the hairs on the young leaves

consistently straight and appressed (usually

with many crisped hairs for M. fluviatilis ),

the leaves 3-veined, veins raised (usually

5-veined, veins not raised in M. fluviatilis ),

the rachis hairs 0.05-0.15 mm long (0.2-0.5

mm long for M. fluviatilis ), and the fruits

27-3.3 mm diameter (3.6-5.2 mm diameter

for M. fluviatilis).

Notes : Melaleuca oblivia is characterised

by the slender, often oblanceolate trinerved

leaves (non-pendulous according to Neldner

2832 & Clarkson ), the short antrorse hairs

on the rachis, the widely spaced triads of

the inflorescence, and the small fruits. Some

collectors (Smith 12021; Neldner 2832 &

Clarkson; Morton AM1540) have described

Bean, Melaleuca leucadendra group

649

Fig. 1 . Melaleuca oblivia. A. flowering branchlet x 0 . 5 . B. fruiting branchlet x0.5. E. leaf xl. G. rachis and fruits

showing indumentum xio. M. stenostachya subsp. amplior. D. leaf xl. F. fruiting branchlet x2. H. rachis and flower

buds showing indumentum xio. M. stenostachya subsp. stenostachya. C. leaf xl.5. A, E from McDonald KRM14849

(BRI); B from Neldner 2832 & Clarkson (BRI); C from Fox IDF261 (BRI); D,H from Stanton JPS3941 & Fell

(BRI); F from Crisp 10277 & Morris (BRI); G from McDonald KRM7960 & Winter (BRI). Scale bar = 10 mm at xl

magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

650

the bark as fibrous or somewhat fibrous,

but other collectors describe it merely as

‘paperbarked’.

Conservation status : Least Concern (IUCN

2012). There are 17 known collections of M.

oblivia, over a geographical range of 400 x

150 km, and it does not appear to be confined

to a rare or unusual habitat.

Etymology : From the Latin oblivius meaning

‘sunk into oblivion’, ‘ignored’ or ‘forgotten’.

This name is given because this species,

first collected in 1962, has been apparently

overlooked by taxonomists.

Melaleuca stenostachya S.T. Blake,

Contr. Queensland Herb. 1: 50 (1968); M.

stenostachya var. stenostachya , Byrnes,

Austrobaileyal. 74 (1984). Type: Queensland.

Burke District: Croydon, 16 July 1954, S.T

Blake 19566 (holo: BRI; iso: NSW).

Shrub or tree 3-12 m high. Bark grey to white,

papery, persistent thoughout. Branchlets

terete, grey to brown; hairs absent or sparse,

appressed, eglandular. Leaves simple, entire,

spirally arranged; petioles ill-defined, 1-2

mm long, flattened; lamina linear to elliptical

or lanceolate, 35-90 x 3-14 mm, 4-15

times longer than wide, (3-)5(-7)-veined;

oil glands moderately dense, c. 20 per mm 2 ;

hairs simple appressed, silky, 0.2-1.2 mm

long, dense on young laminae, becoming

glabrous with age; apex acute, base cuneate,

margins flat. Inflorescences spicate, spikes

30-45 mm long; rachis with dense appressed

to antrorse white eglandular hairs, 0.3-0.7

mm long; flowers in triads, 5-merous, sessile,

Austrobaileya 10(4): 645-655 (2020)

bracteoles very small, caduceus; triads 2-4

mm apart along the rachis. Hypanthium

cylindrical to cupular, 1.2-1.6 mm long,

with dense appressed white hairs 0.2-0.5

mm long; sepals ovate-truncate, 0.6-1.1 mm

long, oil glands circular to elliptical, glabrous

to densely hairy on outer surface, glabrous

on inner surface, deciduous; petals broadly

obovate, 1.1-1.9 mm long, white, hairs

present on margin, otherwise glabrous, oil

glands circular to elliptical. Stamens white, in

5 bundles, 5-9 stamens per bundle, bundles

5-8 mm long, filaments glabrous; anthers

versatile, 0.3-0.4 mm long. Ovary 3-locular;

summit of the ovary densely hairy; style 6-9

mm long, glabrous; stigma slightly expanded.

Mature fruits globose-truncate, 1.9-3.3 mm

long, 1.9-3.3 mm diameter, sessile, glabrous

or glabrescent, valves of capsule enclosed.

Notes : Melaleuca stenostachya is

characterised by the short stamens, short

cylindrical inflorescences, the appressed to

antrorse silky hairs on the rachis, and the

small fruits. The species is typified by a

specimen from Croydon in north-western

Qld, and plants from that region and into

the NT have relatively narrow leaves with

the hairs rather persistent. Specimens from

Cape York Peninsula that conform florally

to M. stenostachya are nevertheless distinct

in appearance due to their quite broad leaves

that lose their indumentum very quickly,

and the somewhat larger fruits. These

latter collections are here separated as M.

stenostachya subsp. amplior.

Key to the subspecies of Melaleuca stenostachya

Fruit diameter 1.9-2.7(-3) mm; larger leaves 3-8(-9) mm wide,

35-65 mm long, indumentum semi-persistent; calyx lobes densely

hairy.M. stenostachya subsp. stenostachya

Fruit diameter 27-3.3 mm; larger leaves (7—)8—14 mm wide, 50-90

mm long, indumentum quickly lost; calyx lobes glabrous or very

sparsely hairy.M. stenostachya subsp. amplior

Bean, Melaleuca leucadendra group

Melaleuca stenostachya subsp. stenostachya

Larger leaves 35-65 mm long, 3-8(-9) mm

wide, indumentum semi-persistent. Calyx

lobes densely hairy. Fruits 1.9-2.7(-3) mm

diameter. Fig. 1C.

Additional selected specimens examined: Northern

Territory. 24 miles [39 km] N of McArthur River

Station, Jul 1948, Perry 1776 (BRI); 32.1 km NNE of

Pungalina Homestead on track to Calvert River mouth

on Pungalina/Seven Emu Wildlife Sanctuary, Jul

2012, Jensen 2660 & Kemp (BRI). Queensland. Cook

District: Entrance gate to Brooklyn, Bethel’s Crossing

track, a few km west of Mt Carbine, Feb 2006, Kemp

JEK6472 (BRI); Dorunda Station, opposite homestead

airstrip, Jun 1990, Neldner 2936 & Clarkson (BRI,

CANB, CNS, L); near Chillagoe, Apr 1936, Blake 13564

(BRI). Burke District: S of Croydon on Mittagong

Station, Jun 1999, Fox IDF261 (BRI).

Melaleuca stenostachya subsp. amplior

A.R.Bean subsp. nov., differing from

M. stenostachya subsp. stenostachya by

the larger (50-90 x 7-14 mm), quickly

glabrescent leaves and the often larger fruits.

Typus: Queensland. Cook District: 11.8 km

E of Bromley on the track to Carron Valley, 10

July 1990, J.R. Clarkson 8889 & VJ. Neldner

(holo: BRI; iso: CANB, DNA, K).

Leaves 50-90 mm long, (7—)8—14 mm wide,

indumentum quickly lost. Calyx lobes

glabrous or very sparsely hairy. Fruits 27-3.3

mm diameter. Fig. 1D,F,H

Additional selected specimens examined (from 49 total):

Queensland. Cook District: Hammond Island, Torres

Strait, Mar 2006, Waterhouse BMW7362 (BRI, CANB,

NSW); Pulu Islet, off western shore of Mabuiag Island,

Torres Strait, Apr 2009, FellDGF10015 (BRI, CNS); Tip

of Cape York, car park, Sep 2006, Crisp 10277 & Morris

(BRI, CANB); Base of Mt Bremer, western side, Feb

1994, Stanton JPS3941 & Fell (BRI); Mosquito Point, N

of Pascoe River, Dec 1977, Webb & Tracey 13574 (BRI,

CNS); Weipa ‘Jump Up’ road, 1 km along road from Coen

intersection. May 1989, ArmstrongBF53 (BRI); 12 km E

of Strathhaven Homestead on the Musgrave - Edward

River Road, Oct 1980, Clarkson 3470 (BRI, CANB,

CNS, K, L, MO, NSW, NT, PERTH, PRE); Orchid Creek

Station, Fox Creek, SW of Lockhart River, Cape York

Peninsula, Apr 2014, McDonald KRM15651 etal. (BRI);

12.2 kmN of old road junction on road to Portland Roads,

Jul 1991, Neldner 3578 & Clarkson (BRI, CANB, CNS,

DNA); 0.8 km E of the Koolatah turnoff on the Oroners

- Sefton road, Jun 1981, Clarkson 3767 (BRI, CNS, K,

MO, NSW, NT, PERTH); 6.7 km E of the Peninsula

Development Road on the road to Iron Range, Jul 1985,

Clarkson 6123 (BRI, CANB, CNS, DNA, PERTH);

Cape Griffith ridge. Iron Range NP, NE Cape York

651

Peninsula, Jun 1990, Fell DF2125 (BRI); Orchid Creek

Station, Dolphin Mountain; SW of Lockhart River,

Cape York Peninsula, Apr 2014, Forster PIF41132 et al.

(BRI, MEL, NSW); S approach to Rosser Creek on the

Gamboola - Strathleven Road, Jul 2003, Fox 1DF2277

(BRI, DNA, NSW); Peninsula Development Road, 16.3

km S of Coen, Feb 1999, Jago 5138 & Wannan (BRI,

CANB); Flinders Island, Jun 1995, Le Cussan 582 (BRI);

Chuula Lagoon, Kaanju Nation, Central Cape York, Jun

2005, Smith 4886 & Claudie (BRI); c. 8 km SE of Laura

on Peninsula Development Road, Jul 1985, Barlow 3893

& Thiele (BRI, CANB); Cooktown, Jan 1958, Blake

20221 (BRI); Lakeland Downs, c. 24 km S of Roadhouse

on Peninsula Development Road, Oct 2009, Halford &

Petoe BGQLD0658 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Melaleuca

stenostachya subsp. amplior is endemic to

Queensland where it occurs from the islands

of the Torres Strait, south to Cooktown and

Lakeland Downs (Map 2). It inhabits hills or

sandy flats in open woodland or woodland

dominated by eucalypts, or by Melaleuca

viridiflora. It is also known from windswept

granite headlands along the east coast.

Phenology : Flowers are commonly recorded

from January to April, and there is a single

flowering record from June; fruits are

recorded from April to December.

Notes : Some Melaleuca stenostachya

specimens from southern Cape YorkPeninsula,

including Cooktown, Mount Carbine and

Lakeland Downs, are intermediate in their

leaf width and fruit diameter, and are difficult

to assign to either subspecies.

The type specimen of Melaleuca

stenostachyavar.pendula Byrnes is referrable

to M. saligna Schauer. The form of M. saligna

from northern Cape York Peninsula is very

similar to M. stenostachya subsp. amplior in

leaf size and shape, inflorescence diameter,

and sometimes inflorescence length, but they

differ markedly in the indumentum of the

inflorescence rachis and hypanthium; in M.

saligna the hairs are short and erect, while in

M. stenostachya they are long and appressed.

The distribution map for Melaleuca

stenostachya in Brophy et al. (2013) shows two

occurrences in southern New Guinea. It is not

known if these records are specimen-based;

certainly there are no New Guinea records

on the Australasian Virtual Herbarium

652

(AVH 2019), nor are there any New Guinea

specimens at BRI, or at CANB (B. Lepschi

pers. comm. March 2019).

Conservation status : Least Concern (IUCN

2012). Melaleuca stenostachya subsp. amplior

is widespread and relatively common.

Etymology : The epithet is from the Latin

amplior meaning ‘larger’. This is given in

reference to the leaves that are usually both

longer and broader than in M. stenostachya

subsp. stenostachya.

Melaleuca nervosa (Lindl.) Cheel, J.

Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 78: 65

(1944); Callistemon nervosum Lindl., in

Mitchell, J. Exped. Trop. Australia 235

(1848); M. leucadendron var. ? parvifolia

Benth., FI. Austral. 3: 143 (1867), pro

parte; M. leucadendra var. nervosa (Lindl.)

Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 457 (1928). Type:

Queensland. Balmy Creek, July 1846, T.

Mitchell 241 (holo: CGE, n.v.\ iso: BRI

(fragm.), MEL 602745, MEL 602746, NSW

(fragm.)).

Melaleuca nervosa (Lindl.) Cheel subsp.

nervosa, Craven in I. Southwell & R. Lowe

(ed.) Behind the names: the botany of tea

tree, cajuput and niaouli. Tea tree: the genus

Melaleuca : 23 (1999).

M. nervosa f. latifolia Byrnes, Austrobaileya

2: 74 (1984). Type: Northern Territory. About

SE of Brock’s Creek, 6 July 1946, S.T. Blake

16344 (holo: BRI).

Leaves 45-83 mm long, 7-44 mm wide, 1.7-

6.3 times longer than wide, with a dense cover

of crisped hairs, and sometimes scattered

antrorse to patent straight silky hairs on

young leaves, mature leaves persistently hairy

or glabrescent.

Additional selected specimens examined : Papua

New Guinea. Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, Dec 1936,

Brass 8407 (BRI); Morehead - Arufi road, Morehead

subdistrict, Nov 1972, Henty & Foreman NGF49420

(BRI, CANB, L). Western Australia. 10 miles [16 km]

along track from main road to Mt Elizabeth Station, Jul

1973, Aplin 5647 (BRI, PERTH); 12 miles [19 km] NE

of Kalumburu Mission, Sep 1954, Lazarides & Speck

4895 (BRI, CANB). Northern Territory. 37 miles [60

km] S of Oenpelli, Jul 1972, Adams 2792 (BRI, CANB,

K); Darwin area, Jul 1973, Dunlop 3180 (BRI, CANB,

DNA, NSW); Maude Creek, Jul/Aug 1911, Spencer s.n.

Austrobaileya 10(4): 645-655 (2020)

(BRI [AQ43237]); 21 km W of Nimbuwah Rock, Jun

1972, Symon 7969 (AD, BRI, CANB, K); 15 miles [24

km] NNE of Maranboy, Sep 1961, Speck 1626 (BRI,

CANB); near Margaret River, Sep 1946, Blake 17082

(BRI, PE). Queensland. Cook District: Lotus Bird

Lodge, Violetvale Station, Jul 2000, Wannan 1897 (BRI,

CANB); Kings Plains Station, entrance road, Nov 2016,

McDonald KRM18881 (BRI, CANB). Burke District:

187 km NW of Burketown on Woologorang Station,

May 2008, Thompson MORN123 & Wilson (BRI);

Croydon, Jul 1954, Blake 19564 (BRI); S of Croydon, on

Mittagong Station, Jun 1999, FoxIDF261 (BRI). North

Kennedy District: c. 20 km W of Greenvale towards

Lynd Junction, May 1992, Doust 281 & Brown (BRI,

NSW). South Kennedy District: 21.6 kmN of Mirtna

Homestead, May 1991, Neldner 3111 & Thompson

(BRI). Mitchell District: Prairie, May 1936, Blake

11587 (BRI). Leichhardt District: 29.1 km S of

Emerald, Aug 1961, Coaldrake OB213 (BRI). Port

Curtis District: Kassman Drive NNE of Rosedale, Jun

1995, Bean 8700 (BRI). Wide Bay District: 10.6 km S

of Bundaberg, May 1972, Chopping M72-1 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Melaleuca nervosa

subsp. nervosa occurs in the northern

Kimberley region of Western Australia,

the ‘Top End’ of the Northern Territory,

adjacent to the Gulf of Carpentaria, and the

eastern half of Queensland, as far south as

Bundaberg. It is also present in the Western

Province of Papua New Guinea (Map 3). It

is commonly an understorey tree in eucalypt

or Melaleuca woodland in areas that are

inundated seasonally. The soils are generally

sandy. Near the coast, it may inhabit quite

steep hills and ridges.

Notes: Melaleuca nervosa subsp. nervosa

intergrades with M. nerovsa subsp.

crosslandiana in the Aramac - Muttaburra

area, the Croydon area and perhaps elsewhere.

Melaleuca nervosa subsp. crosslandiana

(W.Fitzg.) Barlow ex Craven, Behind the

names: the botany of tea tree, cajuput and

niaouli. Tea tree: the genus Melaleuca :

23 (1999); M. crosslandiana W.Fitzg., The

Western Mail (Perth) 21 (1066): 10,25 (1906);

M. leucadendra f. crosslandiana (W.Fitzg.)

Cheel in Ewart & Davies, FI. Northern Terr.

298 (1917). Type: Western Australia. Base

of Mt Harris, June 1905, W. Fitzgerald 1116

(lecto: NSW, fide Blake 1968: 43; isolecto:

BRI, NSW).

Bean, Melaleuca leucadendra group

Leaves 45-85 mm long, 5.5-19 mm wide,

4.1-97 times longer than wide, with appressed

straight silky hairs on young leaves, mature

leaves generally glabrous.

Additional selected specimens examined : Western

Australia. 3 miles [5 km] E of Broome, Jul 1966, Moore

80 (BRI); Beagle Bay Mission, Kimberleys, Sep 1959,

Lazarides 6560 (BRI, CANB); 5 miles [8 km] SE of

Gordon Downs Station, Jul 1949, Perry 2467 (BRI,

CANB); Salt Creek, c. 14 km N of Sandfire Roadhouse,

then 27 km due E of Great Northern Highway, Jun

1981, Kenneally 7575 (BRI, PERTH); 6 miles [10 km]

SE of Blina Station, Kimberleys, Apr 1960, Lazarides

6511 (BRI, CANB); New Cockatoo sand site, CSIRO

Kununurra, Jul 1978, Andrew 46 (BRI, DNA). Northern

Territory. 16 miles [26 km] N of Helen Springs Station,

Aug 1948, Perry 1900 (BRI, CANB); 8 miles [13 km]

N of Renners Springs, Jul 1956, Forde 244 (BRI); near

Tennant Creek, Jun 1946, Blake 15986 (BRI); 35 miles

[56 km] SSE of Victoria River Downs, Jun 1949, Perry

2145 (BRI, CANB); 88.4 miles [142.2 km] N of Top

Springs Store, Oct 1957, Chippendale 3877 (BRI, NT);

Bunda Station, Jun 1994, Egan 4149 (BRI, DNA, MEL);

21 miles [34 km] ENE of Tipperary Homestead, Jul 1961,

Lazarides 6692 (BRI, CANB). Queensland. Burke

District: Hells Gate roadhouse, in camping ground,

Jun 2006, Thompson WES787 & Hogan (BRI); 45 km

W of Normanton on Armstrong Creek, May 1970, Webb

& Tracey 13518 (BRI); Just S of Vena Park on track to

Iffiey, Jul 1999, Fox 1DF528 (BRI); c. 5 km NE of Solway

Downs Homestead, c. 90 km directly NW of Richmond,

Nov 1999, Johnson & Turpin s.n. (BRI [AQ745942]);

17 km NW of Gunpowder on Bar Creek Station, May

2006, Booth 4503 & Kelman (BRI, NSW); Wattle

Paddock, ‘Middle Park’, N of Richmond, Jun 1999,

Bean 14998 (BRI). Gregory North District: Wills

River, N of Boulia, May 2006, Johnson & Edginton s.n.

(BRI [AQ742392]); Mort River crossing, 5 km ENE of

Digby Peaks, Sep 1977, Purdie 1043 (BRI). Mitchell

District: N of Muttaburra, Aug 1994, Fensham 1816

(BRI); 38 miles [61 km] S of Corinda, Jun 1949, Everist

3877 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Melaleuca nervosa

subsp. crosslandiana has a wide distribution

from Broome, Western Australia to Aramac,

Queensland. It extends north to Douglas,

Northern Territory, and south almost to Boulia

in Queensland (Map 3). It inhabits sandy flats

or hillsides, or in the driest parts of its range,

watercourses. The associated species are

generally small eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp. or

Corymbia spp.).

Notes : Blake (1968) included Melaleuca

crosslandiana W.Fitzg., described from the

Kimberley region of Western Australia, as

a synonym of M. nervosa (Lindl.) Cheek

Then, in a valuable paper on the indumentum

653

patterns of the M leucadendra group, Barlow

& Forrester (1984) showed that M. nervosa

was divisible into two geographical races

based on the indumentum morphology of the

leaves, and that the race from the more arid

regions included the type of M. crosslandiana.

Barlow proposed these races as subspecies

(determinavit slips dated 1984). Craven (1999)

subsequently made the necessary combination,

but in his key he separated the two subspecies

using leaf width, leaf shape and persistence

of the leaf indumentum. None of these

characters was suggested by previous workers

as being significant, while the very useful

and consistent indumentum morphology

difference was ignored. Craven & Cowie

(2013) again relegated M. crosslandiana to

synonymy with M. nervosa , saying that there

is “too great an overlap in morphological

features to warrant the continued recognition

of M. crosslandiana at any rank”. They

stated that both M. crosslandiana and M

nervosa “have lanuginulose hairs on the

branchlets and leaves”. This is incorrect. The

crisped (or lanuginulose) hairs are lacking

in crosslandiana. They also stated that “the

only non-overlapping feature that serves to

distinguish M. crosslandiana from M nervosa

apparently is the occurrence of appressed hairs

on the branchlets and leaves in the former

species, and even this is not constant with

spreading-ascending hairs also occurring”.

This I also believe to be incorrect - it is M

nervosa sens. str. that can have spreading-

ascending hairs, especially in specimens from

the Top End of the Northern Territory, while

M crosslandiana has consistently appressed

straight hairs. Hence the separation between

M. nervosa subsp. crosslandiana (leaves with

appressed straight silky hairs) and M. nervosa

subsp. nervosa (leaves with strongly crisped

hairs, with or without spreading straight hairs)

is straight forward and consistent, except for

some minor intergradation at the geographical

junction. Subspecies rank for crosslandiana

is here considered eminently suitable.

Acknowledgements

I thank Nicole Crosswell for the illustrations.

654

References

Avh (2019). The Australasian Virtual Herbarium.

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria.

http://avh.chah.org.au, accessed 26 March 2019.

Barlow, B.A. & Forrester, J. (1984). Variation in

indumentum morphology in the Melaleuca

leucadendra complex (Myrtaceae). Brunonia

7: 277-288.

Blake, S.T. (1968). A revision of Melaleuca

leucadendron and its allies (Myrtaceae).

Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium

No. 1: 1-114.

Brophy, J.J., Craven, L A. & Doran, J.C. (2013).

Melaleucas, their Botany, Essential Oils and

Uses. ACAIR Monograph No. 156. Australian

Centre for International Agricultural Research:

Canberra.

Byrnes, N.B. (1984). A revision of Melaleuca L.

(Myrtaceae) in northern and eastern Australia,

1. Austrobaileya 2: 65-76.

-(1985). A revision of Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) in

northern and eastern Australia, 2. Austrobaileya

2:131-146.

Austrobaileya 10(4): 645-655 (2020)

-(1986). A revision of Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) in

northern and eastern Australia, 3. Austrobaileya

2: 254-273.

Craven, L.A. (1999). Behind the names: the botany of

tea tree, cajuput and niaouli. In I. Southwell &

R. Lowe (eds.). Tea tree: the genus Melaleuca ,

pp. 11-28. Harwood Academic: Amsterdam.

Craven, L.A. & Barlow, B. (1997). New taxa and new

combinations in Melaleuca (Myrtaceae). Novon

7: 113-119.

Craven, L.A. & Cowie, I.D. (2013). Taxonomic notes

on the broad-leaved paperbarks (Myrtaceae,

Melaleuca ), including the description of one

new species from northern Australia and a key

to all taxa. Blumea 57: 207-209.

Iucn (2012). 1UCN Red List Categories and Criteria,

version 3.1 , 2 nd ed. IUCN: Gland, https://portals.

iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/RL-2001-

001-2nd.pdf, accessed 11 July 2019.

Keybase (2019). Flowering plants of Queensland:

Species of Melaleuca, https://keybase.rbg.vic.

gov.au/keys/show/6451, accessed 23 March

2019.

Map 1 . Distribution of Melaleuca oblivia.

Bean, Melaleuca leucadendra group

655

Map 2. Distribution of Melaleuca stenostachya subsp. stenostachya • and M. stenostachya subsp. amplior ▲.

Map 3. Distribution of Melaleuca nervosa subsp. nervosa ■ and M. nervosa subsp. crosslandiana A.

A taxonomic revision of Olearia elliptica DC. (Asteraceae:

Astereae) with the description of two new species O. fulgens

A.R.Bean and O. praetermissa (P.S.Green) A.R.Bean

A.R. Bean

Summary

Bean, A.R. (2020). A taxonomic revision of Olearia elliptica DC. (Asteraceae: Astereae) with the

description of two new species O. fulgens A.R.Bean and O. praetermissa (P.S.Green) A.R.Bean.

Austrobaileya 10(4): 656-662. The broadly circumscribed Olearia elliptica DC. is taxonomically

revised and two new species O. fulgens A.R.Bean sp. nov., and O. praetermissa (P.S.Green) A.R.Bean

comb, et stat. nov. are recognised. All three species are fully described with an identification key and

a distribution map provided. A lectotype is chosen for Olearia elliptica.

Key Words: Asteraceae; Olearia ; Olearia elliptica ; Olearia fulgens ; Olearia praetermissa., Australia

flora; Queensland flora; New South Wales flora; new species; taxonomy; identification key

A.R. Bean, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Mt Coot-tha Road,

Toowong 4066, Queensland, Australia. Email: tony.bean@des.qld.gov.au

Introduction

Olearia Moench is the largest genus of

Asteraceae in Australia, with around 130

species (Lander 1992). Recent taxonomic

and phylogenetic papers (Cross et al. 2002;

Messina et al. 2013, 2014; Walsh 2014;

Messina & Walsh 2019) have contributed to

our knowledge of Olearia , but have also shown

that further research is required to properly

understand and elucidate the taxonomy and

phylogeny of the genus.

Olearia elliptica DC. was originally

described by Augustin de Candolle from a

specimen collected by Allan Cunningham

in the Illawarra region, south of Sydney.

The current circumscription of O. elliptica

(following the determinavit slips of N. Lander)

is a broad one, encompassing all Olearia

taxa from New South Wales (including Lord

Howe Island) and Queensland with petiolate,

alternate, viscid leaves.

It has long been recognised that two

distinct forms of O. elliptica occur on the

mainland (Stanley & Ross 1986; Harden et

al. 2006; Leiper et al. 2017). In addition, an

Accepted for publication 28 January 2020

Olearia taxon from Lord Howe Island has

been described as a subspecies of O. elliptica.

The two mainland forms can be separated

readily in the herbarium merely by leaf size

and shape, as well as glossiness and petiole

length, but there are several other differences

as outlined below. The two forms also occupy

different habitats; one (O. elliptica sens, str)

grows in more easterly areas with higher

rainfall; the second form grows in more

westerly localities that receive lower rainfall.

These two ‘forms’ are regarded as being

specifically distinct, with the more westerly

taxon here described as O. fulgens A.R.Bean

sp. nov. The two species are allopatric except

possibly in the Hunter Valley.

Olearia elliptica subsp. praetermissa

RS.Green, described from Lord Howe Island,

differs from O. elliptica sens. str. in several

morphological characters, and is here raised

to species rank.

Materials and methods

This paper is based on a study of herbarium

specimens held at BRI, CANB and MEL,

and images of specimens at G, K and NSW,

indicated as i.d.v. (imago digitalis visa).

Specimens at NSW were not available for loan

when this paper was prepared.

657

Bean, Olearia elliptica

Measurements were taken from dried

material, except for individual florets, where

they were taken from material preserved in

spirit or reconstituted with boiling water.

Dimensions are inclusive, viz. 1—1.7 indicates

1.0-1.7.

The distribution map was prepared using

Diva 7.5.0 software. In the specimen citations,

National Park is abbreviated as ‘NP’, and

State Forest as e SF\

Taxonomy

Olearia elliptica DC., Prodr. [A. P. de

Candolle] 5: 271 (1836); Olearia elliptica

subsp. elliptica , P.S.Green, Kew Bull. 48: 311

(1993). Type: New South Wales. Illawarra,

[October-November 1818], A. Cunningham

27 (lecto: G 00494308 i.d.v. [designated here];

isolecto: K 000838958 i.d.v.).

Aster ellipticus DC., Prodr. [A. P. de

Candolle] 5: 271 (1836), nom. inval.,pro syn.

Eurybia illita F.Muell., Fragm. 1: 16 (1858);

Aster illitus (F.Muell.) F.Muell., Fragm. 5:

76 (1865). Type: Queensland. Moreton

District: Mt Lindesay, s.dat., W. Hill s.n.

(syn: K 000838960 i.d.v.; syn: K 000838961

i.d.v).

Olearia illita F.Muell., Fragm. 5: 76 (1865),

nom. inval., pro syn.

Illustration : Leiper etal. (2017: 478).

Bushy shrub to 2 m high. Stems terete, but

with several longitudinal ridges; glabrous, but

with many viscid glands. Leaves alternate,

petioles 10-17 mm long, not or obscurely

decurrent; lamina elliptic to ovate, 65-113 x

19-37 mm (2.5-3.5 times longer than broad),

markedly discolorous, viscid glands abundant

on both surfaces, the exudate usually covering

only part of the surface, giving a somewhat

shiny, blotchy appearance; apex acute;

margins entire or rarely toothed; venation

faintly visible on upper surface, readily

visible below, penninerved, with 5-7 pairs of

lateral veins raised from the surface. Capitula

terminal, in corymbose clusters of 10-30,

pedunculate, radiate, 6-9 mm long, 7.5-9.5

mm diameter. Peduncles (2-)12-23 mm long,

often with a few small bracts along their

length. Involucral bracts 18-25, graduated in

length, 3-4-seriate, outer surface with short

hairs, viscid or not viscid; margins entire,

scarious, apex obtuse; outer bracts ovate to

elliptic, 1.4—3 x 0.7-0.9 mm, inner bracts

rectangular to elliptic, 3.6-4.5 x 1-1.1 mm.

Receptacle convex, 1.5-2.5 mm across, with

short irregular projections between the floret

scars. Ray florets 8-20, uniseriate, female,

corolla tube 2.2-3.4 mm long, with sparse

antrorse hairs; ligule 5-9 mm long, white

to lilac, apex minutely 3-lobed; stylar arms

lanceolate, 1.1-1.4 mm long. Disc florets

9-25, bisexual, yellow, corolla tube 3.2-4 mm

long, with a few small antrorse eglandular

hairs; corolla lobes 5, 1-1.5 mm long, acute,

outer surface glabrous; anthers c. 1.5 mm

long, not caudate. Achenes forming from

both disc and ray florets, cylindrical, slightly

dorsi-ventrally flattened, 2.6-3.2 mm long,

with 4 or 5 prominent longitudinal ribs and

sparse antrorse eglandular hairs throughout,

carpopodium small, white, slightly oblique.

Pappus comprising 20-30 white or straw-

coloured barbellate bristles all equal in length,

4.5-4.9 mm long, barbellae < 0.05 mm long,

and occasionally with 3-7 short bristles (0.3-

0.4 mm long) in an outer whorl, thinner than

the inner whorl. Sticky daisy-bush.

Additional selected specimens examined: Queensland.

Moreton District: Bithongabel Lookout, Lamington

NP, Dec 1960, Smith 11286 (BRI); Wagawn, Aug 1960,

Blake 21361A (BRI); National Park, Macpherson Range,

Jan 1919, White s.n. (BRI [AQ249690]); Springbrook,

Dec 1969, Smith s.n. (BRI [AQ410828]); Mt Merino

summit, Lamington NP, Jan 1995, Forster PIF16070

& Leiper (BRI, MEL); Mt Lindesay, Nov 1990, Forster

PIF7556 (BRI, MEL, PERTH); Best of All Lookout,

Springbrook, Nov 1976, McDonald 1701 & Batianojf

(BRI). New South Wales. Northern Tablelands:

Double head, Carrai Plateau, Sep 1980, s.coll. (CANB

00502632); Point Lookout, New England NP, Nov 1997,

Donaldson 1811 (CANB); Apsley Falls, SE of Walcha,

Dec 1970, Telford 2726 (CANB). North Coast: Whian

Whian, Oct 1964, Jones 2893 (CANB); Whian Whian

SF, Jul 1956, Webb & Tracey 15 (BRI); Tyalgum Ridge,

Macpherson Range, c. 25 km WNW of Murwillumbah,

Dec 1977, Haegi 1528 (BRI, NSW). Central Coast:

Cessnock - Broke Road, W of Tyrrells Vineyard, Mar

2010, Purdie 7651 (CANB, NSW); Budderoo NP, N

of Minnamurra Falls, c. 2 km E of Knight’s Hill, Oct

1993, Gilmour 7506 (CANB, MEL); Yengo NP, access

through ‘Darrowby’, c. 3.5 km W of Broke on the road

to Milbrodale, Mar 1991, Palmer 337 (CANB). Central

Tablelands: Blue Mountains NP, Wentworth Falls,

Princes Rock lookout, Oct 2011, Schmidt-Lebuhn 1249

658

(CANB); Fitzroy Falls, along walking track to fall from

visitor centre, Oct 1996, Errington 556 (NSW). South

Coast: Jervis Bay, Aug 1968, Groot Oblink s.n. (CANB

cbgl 5227.1).

Distribution and habitat : Olearia elliptica

occurs from the Lamington National Park,

Queensland to Jervis Bay, New South Wales

(Map 1). It grows in Eucalyptus-dominated

open forest or rainforest edges where the

annual rainfall exceeds 1000 mm. Altitude

varies from near sea level at the southern end

of its range to 1150 metres at the Queensland

- New South Wales border.

Phenology : The majority of flowering and

fruiting specimens were collected from

October-December. A few fertile specimens

have been collected in August, and from

January-April.

Notes : A few specimens from the Hunter

Valley of New South Wales are somewhat

intermediate between Olearia elliptica and

O.fulgens, and it is possible that some genetic

interchange is occurring in that area.

Olearia fulgens A.R.Bean sp. nov. with

affinity to O. elliptica but differing by the

narrower, more glossy leaves, with the

lateral veins not raised, the shorter achenes,

the shorter corolla lobes on the disc florets,

and the presence of tiny hairs on the corolla

lobes of the disc florets. Typus: Queensland.

Darling Downs District: State Forest 595,

Talgai, Mount Gammie North, 9 January

1993, D. Halford Q1630 (holo: BRI; iso: MEL,

NSW).

Illustration : Leiper et al. (2017: 186) [as O.

elliptica].

Bushy shrub to 2.5 m high. Stems terete, but

with several longitudinal ribs; glabrous, but

with many viscid glands. Leaves alternate,

petioles 5-10 mm long, not decurrent; lamina

narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 43-88 x 10-21

mm (3.6-5.5 times longer than broad), slightly

to markedly discolorous, viscid glands

abundant on both surfaces, the exudate often

covering the entire surface, giving a shiny,

varnished appearance, or covering only part of

the surface, giving a blotchy appearance; apex

acute to acuminate; margins entire; venation

not visible on upper surface, but faintly

Austrobaileya 10(4): 656-662 (2020)

visible below, penninerved, with 4-6 pairs

of lateral veins not raised from the surface.

Capitula terminal, in corymbose clusters of

7-25, pedunculate, radiate, 6-7.5 mm long,

7-9 mm diameter. Peduncles 5-14 mm long,

often with a few small bracts along their

length. Involucral bracts 18-25, graduated in

length, 3-4-seriate, outer surface glabrous,

often viscid; margins entire, scarious, apex

obtuse to acute; outer bracts ovate to elliptic,

1.1- 1.8 x 0.5-0.7 mm, inner bracts elliptic,

2.6-3.6 x 0.8-0.9 mm. Receptacle convex,

1.2- 2 mm across, with short irregular

projections between the floret scars. Ray

florets 6-14, uniseriate, female, corolla tube

2.1-2.7 mm long, with sparse antrorse hairs;

ligule 4.5-6 mm long, white, apex minutely

3-lobed; stylar arms filiform, 1.1-1.5 mm

long. Disc florets 8-14, bisexual, yellow,

corolla tube 3.8-4.3 mm long, with a few

small antrorse eglandular hairs; corolla lobes

5, 0.7-1.1 mm long, acute, outer surface with

a few small eglandular hairs; anthers c. 1.5

mm long, not caudate. Achenes forming from

both disc and ray florets, cylindrical, slightly

dor si-ventral ly flattened, 2.1-2.7 mm long,

with 4 or 5 prominent longitudinal ribs and

sparse antrorse eglandular hairs throughout,

carpopodium small, white, slightly oblique.

Pappus comprising a single whorl of 25-35

white or straw-coloured barbellate bristles all

equal in length, 3.3-4.8 mm long, barbellae <

0.05 mm long. Peach-leaved daisy-bush. Fig.

Additional selected specimens examined : Queensland.

Leichhardt District: Carnarvon NP, Buckland

Tableland section, via Tanderra, SW of Springsure,

Aug 2004, Eddie Lot 6 & McDonald (BRI). Burnett

District: c. 4 km SSW of Elgin Vale, Jan 1991, Pedley

5591 (BRI, K, MEL). Warrego District: Near

Caldervale - Kyber Road, SE of Tambo, May 2010,

Bean 29830 (BRI). Maranoa District: ‘Oakwells’,

W of Injune, Jan 2008, Eddie BC027 & Cosh (BRI);

‘Andromeda’, c. 25 km NNE of Mungallala, Mar 2015,

Mathieson MTM2001 (BRI); Mt Mobil section of

Chesterton Range NP, Sep 1995, Bean 8970 & Grim show

(BRI). Darling Downs District: c. 35 km E of Texas,

Jan 1973, Pedley 4062 (BRI); Gowrie, s.dat., Bailey

s.n. (BRI [AQ249686]); W of Kogan on Condamine

Highway, Aug 1951, Webb s.n. (BRI [AQ249676]);

Forest Lookout, Jack Creek, 17 miles [c. 28 km] WNW

of Millmerran, Aug 1969, Ward WW83 (BRI); 3 km W

of Gladfield, Jun 1986, Forster P1F2469 et al. (BRI,

NSW); Mt Bullaganang, Mar 1994, Forster PIF15054

(BRI, MEL); Durakai SF, Dec 1999, Thompson WAR16

Bean, Olearia elliptica

659

Fig. 1 . Olearia fulgens. A. flowering branchlet *3. B. leaves xl. C. ray floret xio. D. disc floret xl5. E. apex of disc

corolla before anthesis x40. F. achene and pappus xio. A,C,E from Thompson WAR16 & Weatherhead (BRI); B

from Ward WW83 (BRI); D from Bean 11627 (BRI); F from Eddie BC027 & Cosh (BRI). Scale bar = 10 mm at xl

magnification. Del. N. Crosswell.

660

& Weatherhead (BRI); c. 12 km S of Dunmore Forest

Station, via Cecil Plains, Jan 1997, Bean 11627 (BRI);

Pincotts Road between Mt Colliery and Gambubal, Jan

2012, Forster P1F38542 & Leiper (BRI, NSW, US);

between Karara and Cobba-da-mana, May 1936, Everist

& White 3 (BRI). Moreton District: Bidwillii Logging

Area, SF 283, NNE of Blackbutt, Nov 2005, Bean 24475

(BRI). New South Wales. North West Slopes: ‘Cuff-

n-Collar’, 11 km WNW of Warialda, S of Mosquito

Creek Road, Mar 2011, Forster PIF37867 & Hodge

(BRI, NE); Munro SF, on Bingara - Copeton Dam Road,

35 km SE of Bingara, Jan 2005, Orchard 7394 (BRI,

CANB, MEL); Warrumbungle NP car park, Jun 1986,

Clarke s.n. (BRI [AQ493639]). Northern Tablelands:

Kildare Road, 0.1 km S of Bruxner Highway, NW of

Tenterfield, Apr 2004, Bean 21898 (BRI, MEL, NSW);

7.8 km SW of Tenterfield, Feb 2006, Bean 24674 (BRI,

NSW); c. 8 km along the road from Kingstown towards

Uralla, Mar 1997, Lyne 2160 (BRI, CANB, NSW,

PERTH). Central West Slopes: 14 km S of Bundella -

Bomera Road on Pandora’s Pass Road, Liverpool Range,

Feb 2004, Orchard 7206 (CANB); Coorangooree Trig, 8

km from Stuart Town, Sep 1966, Phillips 121 (CANB).

Distribution and habitat : Olearia fulgens

occurs from near Tambo and Springsure in

Queensland, to Stuart Town and Capertee

Valley in New South Wales (Map 1). It

grows in Eucalyptus - Callitris woodland on

hillsides and ridges with infertile soil, where

the annual rainfall is 600-800 mm.

Phenology : Most flowering and fruiting

specimens were collected from December to

April, while a few were collected in May and

June.

Affinities : Olearia fulgens differs from O.

elliptica by its narrowly elliptic to lanceolate

leaves, 3.6-5.5 times longer than broad

(versus elliptic to ovate, 2.5-3.5 times longer

than broad for O. elliptica ); the lateral veins

not raised (and obscure) on the lower leaf

surface (versus lateral veins raised and

prominent on lower leaf surface for O.

elliptica ); petioles 5-10 mm long (10-17 mm

long for O. elliptica ); the glabrous involucral

bracts (versus involucral bracts sparsely hairy

at distal end for O. elliptica ); the presence of

tiny hairs on the corolla lobes (outer surface)

of the disc florets (versus glabrous lobes for

O. elliptica ); the corolla lobes of the disc

florets 0.7-1.1 mm long (1-1.5 mm long for O.

elliptica ); and the achenes 2.1-2.7 mm long

(2.6-3.2 mm long for O. elliptica).

Austrobaileya 10(4): 656-662 (2020)

Etymology : From the Latin fulgens , meaning

‘gleaming, shining’. This is in reference to the

very shiny leaves possessed by this species.

Notes : Olearia fulgens flowers mainly in the

summer and autumn months, whereas O.

elliptica is predominantly a spring-flowering

species.

Olearia praetermissa (P.S.Green) A.R.Bean

comb, et stat. nov.; O. elliptica subsp.

praetermissa P.S.Green, Kew Bull. 48: 311

(1993). Type: New South Wales. Lord Howe

Island, 25 March 1971, A.N. Rodd 1771 (holo:

K 000838957 i.d.v.; iso: NSW n.v).

Bushy shrub 0.25-1 mhigh. Stems with several

longitudinal ridges; glabrous, but with some

viscid glands. Leaves alternate, petioles 4-13

mm long, not decurrent; lamina oblanceolate

to obovate, 24-53 x 9.5-17 mm (2.3-3.9

times longer than broad), slightly discolorous,

viscid glands present on both surfaces, the

exudate usually covering only part of the

surface, giving a somewhat shiny, blotchy

appearance; apex obtuse or acute; margins

entire; venation not visible on upper surface,

and faintly visible below, penninerved, with

2-4 pairs of lateral veins not raised from the

surface. Capitula terminal, in corymbose

clusters of 4—15, pedunculate, radiate, 6-7

mm long, 7-9 mm diameter. Peduncles 5-12

mm long, with several small bracts along their

length. Involucral bracts 20-30, graduated in

length, 2 or 3-seriate, outer surface glabrous

or with short hairs, viscid; margins entire,

scarious, apex acute; outer bracts ovate to

deflate, 1.2-2.2 x 0.6-0.8 mm, inner bracts

rectangular to lanceolate, 3.2-3.6 x 0.7-1.1

mm. Receptacle flat to convex, 2-2.3 mm

across, with short irregular projections

between the floret scars. Ray florets 15-20,

uniseriate, female, corolla tube 2.2-2.4 mm

long, with sparse antrorse hairs; ligule 2.2-

2.6 mm long, white, apex minutely 3-lobed;

stylar arms lanceolate, 0.7-0.8 mm long. Disc

florets 13-16, bisexual, yellow, corolla tube

2.5-3.3 mm long, with a few small antrorse

eglandular hairs; corolla lobes 5, 0.7-0.9 mm

661

Bean, Olearia elliptica

long, acute, outer surface glabrous; anthers c.

1.2 mm long, not caudate. Achenes forming

from both disc and ray florets, cylindrical,

slightly dorsi-ventrally flattened, 1.6-1.8

mm long, with 4 or 5 prominent longitudinal

ribs and sparse antrorse eglandular hairs

throughout, carpopodium small, white,

slightly oblique. Pappus comprising an inner

whorl of 15-20 pale brown or straw-coloured

barbellate bristles all equal in length, 2.3-3

mm long, barbellae < 0.05 mm long, and an

outer whorl of 7-15 white bristles 0.4-0.5 mm

long, thicker than the inner whorl.

Additional specimens examined: New South Wales.

Near the Goathouse, NE slope of Mt Lidgbird, Lord

Howe Island, Nov 1963, Hoogland 8817 (CANB); S

of Goat House cave. Lord Howe Island, Apr 1996,

Crawford 3819 (CANB); Goathouse, Mt Lidgbird, Lord

Howe Island, Oct 1984, Hutton 213 (CANB); cliff below

Grey face, Mt Lidgbird, Lord Howe Island, Nov 1983,

Hutton 61 (CANB); below the Nobbin, Mt Lidgbird,

Lord Howe Island, Jun 1991, Hutton 656 (CANB); Goat

House, N slope of Mt Lidgbird, Lord Howe Island, Oct

1978, Crisp 4520 & Telford (CANB).

Distribution and habitat : Olearia

praetermissa is endemic to Mt Lidgbird on

Lord Howe Island (Map 1). It grows in basalt

crevices on steep hillsides in open shrubland.

Phenology : Flowering or fruiting specimens

have been collected in the months of April,

June, October and November.

Affinities: Olearia praetermissa is similar

to O. elliptica , but differs by the obovate to

oblanceolate leaves (elliptic to ovate for O.

elliptica ); the consistent presence of two

whorls of pappus bristles (usually one whorl

only in O. elliptica ); the ligules 2.2-2.6 mm

long (5-9 mm long for O. elliptica ); and the

achenes 1.6-1.8 mm long (2.6-3.2 mm long

for O. elliptica).

Notes : In a molecular study, Cross etal. (2002)

sampled both Olearia elliptica s. str. and O.

elliptica subsp. praetermissa , and found little

support for a sister relationship between these

taxa, despite their similar morphology.

Key to the species allied to Olearia elliptica

1 Leaves obovate to oblanceolate; ray florets with ligules 2.2-2.6 mm long;

achenes 1.6-1.8 mm long; pappus in two whorls.O. praetermissa

1. Leaves elliptical to ovate; ray florets with ligules 4.5-9 mm long; achenes

2.1-3.2 mm long; pappus usually in one whorl.2

2 Leaves 3.6-5.5 times longer than wide; petioles 5-10 mm long;

involucral bracts glabrous; corolla lobes of disc florets with tiny hairs.O. fulgens

2. Leaves 2.5-3.5 times longer than wide; petioles 10-17 mm long; involucral

bracts sparsely hairy at distal end; corolla lobes of disc florets glabrous . . . O. elliptica

Lander, N.S. (1992). Olearia. InG.J. Harden(ed ), Flora

of New South Wales 3: 185-197. University of

New South Wales Press: Kensington.

Leiper, G., Glazebrook, J., Cox, D. & Rathie, K.

(2017). Mangroves to Mountains, 2 nd edition.

Logan River Branch, Society for Growing

Australian Plants (Qld Region) Inc.: Browns

Plains.

Messina, A. & Walsh, N.G. (2019). Reinstating Olearia

stricta (Asteraceae) for an uncommon shrub

from montane regions of SE Australia, and

notes on O. ramulosa. Muelleria 37: 109-117.

Messina, A., Walsh, N.G., Hoebee, S.E. & Green,

PT. (2013). A morphological assessment of the

Olearia phlogopappa complex (Asteraceae:

Astereae). Australian Systematic Botany 26:

31-80.

Acknowledgements

I thank the Directors of CANB and MEL for

the loan of specimens, and Nicole Crosswell

for the illustrations.

References

Cross, E.W., Quinn, C.J. & Wagstaff, S.J. (2002).

Molecular evidence for the poly phyly of Olearia

(Astereae: Asteraceae). Plant Systematics and

Evolution 235: 99-120.

Harden, G.J., McDonald, W.J.F. & Williams, J.B.

(2006). Rainforest Trees and shrubs, A field

guide to their identification in Victoria, New

South Wales and subtropical Queensland using

vegetative features. Gwen Harden Publishing:

Nambucca Heads.

662

Messina, A., Walsh, N.G., Hoebee, S.E. & Green,

P.T. (2014). A revision of Olearia section

Asterotriche (Asteraceae: Astereae). Australian

Systematic Botany 27: 199-240.

Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986). Flora of South¬

eastern Queensland, Volume 2. Department of

Primary Industries: Brisbane.

Austrobaileya 10(4): 656-662 (2020)

Walsh, N.G. (2014). Notes on Olearia (Asteraceae:

Astereae) in south-east Australia: O. tenuifolia ,

O. adenophora and description of a new species

endemic to eastern Victoria. Muelleria 32:

34-38.

Map 1 . Distribution of Olearia spp. O. elliptica •; O.fulgens A, O. praetermissa ■

663

Austrobaileya 10(4): 663-664 (2020)

SHORT COMMUNICATION

Lectotypification of three species names of

Australian Alpinia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae)

A.R. Bean

Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt

Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia. Email: tony.bean@des.qld.gov.au

Rosemary M. Smith wrote a number of

taxonomic and nomenclatural papers

concerning Australian Alpinia Roxb.

species late last century (Smith 1980, 1987,

1990), and lectotypitied many of the taxon

names. However, three Australian species

names remain to be lectoty pitied. This is

accomplished here.

This study is based on an examination of

herbarium specimens at the Queensland

Herbarium (BRI), as well as high quality

images of specimens from BM, E, K and MEL

and are indicated as i.d.v. (imago digitalis

visa).

1. Alpinia arundelliana (F.M.Bailey)

K.Schum. in Engler, H.G.A., Pflanzenr.

[Engler] 20: 318 (1904); Alpinia caerulea

var. arundelliana F.M.Bailey, Proc. Roy. Soc.

Queensland 11: 18 (1895). Type citation:

“recently spent... a few days rambling through

the rich semi-tropic vegetation of Eumundi”.

Type: Queensland. Moreton District:

Eumundi, November 1894, F.M. Bailey & J.

Simmonds s.n. (lecto: BRI [AQ0340707] [here

designated]; isolecto: K 000928012, i.d.v.)

Notes : Two specimens of Alpinia

arundelliana collected before 1895 with the

location ‘Eumundi’ have been found, one at

BRI and the other at K. The BRI specimen is

of somewhat better quality, and is chosen here

as the lectotype.

The species epithet honours Edward

Henry Arundell (1840-1910), a prominent

early citizen of Eumundi, a town in south¬

eastern Queensland (Anon. 1911).

Accepted for publication 13 January 2020

2. Alpinia caerulea (R.Br.) Benth., FI.

Austral. 6: 265 (1873); Hellenia caerulea

R.Br., Prodr. FI. Nov. Holland. 308 (1810).

Type citation: “(T. J!) v. v.”. Type: Queensland.

Port Curtis District: Port 2 Shoal water

Bay, Northumberland Islands in subumbrosis,

30 September 1802, R. Brown s.n. [Bennett

No. 5605], (lecto: BM 000990752 [here

designated], i.d.v.; isolecto: BM 000990751

[excl. piece from Hunter River] i.d.v., E

00149518, E 00149519, E 00149520, E

00149521, E 00149522, E 00149523, all

i.d.v).

Notes : In Brown’s citation, “T” refers to

tropical Australia, while “J” refers to the Port

Jackson area of New South Wales (including

the Hunter River). Most of Brown’s material

of this species is from the Northumberland

Islands group off the east coast of Queensland,

which contains the Percy Isles. A sheet at BM

collected from the Northumberland Islands on

30 September 1802, and bearing both flowers

and fruits, is here selected as the lectotype.

Brown’s diary entry for 30 September

records that he was ashore on Middle Percy

Island. He stated that his party followed a

gully with “water almost everywhere, in

some places standing in holes, in others in

small streamlets over the rocks” (Vallance

et al. 2001). It is most likely here that the

moisture-loving Alpinia caerulea was found

and collected.

3. Alpinia modesta F.Muell. ex K.Schum. in

H.G.A. Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr. [Engler] 20:

318 (1904). Type citation: “Nord-Australien:

Rockingham-Bay (Dallachy, bliihend am 15

Oktober 1867).” Type: Queensland. North

Kennedy District: Mackay River, 15

October 1867, J. Dallachy s.n. (lecto: MEL

664

Austrobaileya 10(4): 663-664 (2020)

92943 [here designated], i.d.v isolecto: BRI

[AQ0336128], K 000928013 i.d.v., MEL

92942 i.d.v).

Notes : The protologue for Alpinia modesta

specified a collection by John Dallachy made

on 15 October 1867. A good quality specimen

at MEL with these details is here selected as

the lectotype; matching specimens at BRI, K,

and MEL are considered to be isolectotypes.

The Mackay River in northern

Queensland, which flows into Rockingham

Bay and was visited by Dallachy, was

renamed the Tully River in the 1870s

(Collinson 1954).

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Anna Munro for her very

helpful suggestions and corrections.

References

Anon. (1911). Death of Mr. E.H. Arundell. Chronicle

and North Coast Advertiser , Sat 7 January

1911, p. 5. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/

article/81939324, accessed 11 November 2019.

Collinson, J.W. (1954). Rockingham Bay river

system, https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/

UQ_211533Zsl8378366_1954_5_2_947.pdf,

accessed 10 July 2019.

Smith, R.M. (1980). Three new species of Zingiberaceae

from Australia. Notes from the Royal Botanic

Garden, Edinburgh 38: 517-525.

-(1987). Alpinia. In A.S. George (ed.). Flora of

Australia 45: 28-34. Australian Government

Publishing Service: Canberra.

-(1990). Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): A proposed new

infrageneric classification. Edinburgh Journal

ofBotany 47: 1-75.

Vallance, T.G., Moore, D.T. & Groves, E.W. (2001).

Nature’s Investigator: The diary of Robert

Brown in Australia, 1801-1805. Australian

Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

A taxonomic revision of Olearia elliptica DC. (Asteraceae: Astereae) with the

description of two new species O.fulgens A.R.Bean and O. praetermissa

(P.S.Green) A.R.Bean

A.R. Bean . 656-662

Lectotypification of three species names of Australian Alpinia Roxb.

(Zingiberaceae)

A.R. Bean .663-664

Austrobaileya 10(4): 549-664 (2020)

Contents

Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson (Droseraceae, Drosera section Prolifera

C. T.White), a spectacular new species of sundew from the Cape York

Peninsula bioregion, Queensland

M.T. Mathieson & S.L. Thompson . 549-557

Acacia lespedleyi P.I.Forst. (Mimosaceae), a new and geographically

restricted species from south-east Queensland

P.I. Forster . 558-563

A taxonomic revision of Camptacra N.T.Burb. (Asteraceae: Astereae)

A.R. Bean . 564-575

A taxonomic revision of the genus Lagenophora Cass. (Asteraceae: Astereae )

in New Guinea

J. Wang & A.R. Bean . 576-582

Lobelia fenshamii N.G.Walsh & Albr. and L. fontana Albr. & N.G.Walsh

(Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae ), two new species endemic to artesian

springs in central and south-western Queensland

D. E. Albrecht, N.G. Walsh, R.W. Jobson & E.B. Knox . 583-593

Denhamia megacarpa J. J.Halford & Jessup and D. peninsularis J. J.Halford

& Jessup (Celastraceae), two new species from Queensland

J.J. Halford & L.W. Jessup . 594-603

A taxonomic reassessment of Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng. (Ericaceae)

with the description of two new species S. cognata A.R.Bean and S.

lucens A.R.Bean

A. R. Bean . 604-611

Bulbine fraseri Kunth (Asphodelaceae) reinstated and distinguished from B.

bulbosa (R.Br.) Haw. in eastern Australia

P.F. Horsfall & D.E. Albrecht .612-620

Zieria abscondita P.I.Forst. (Rutaceae), a new and geographically restricted

species from south-east Queensland

P.I. Forster . 621-627

Clarification of species boundaries within the Ptilotus royceanus Beni

(Amaranthaceae) group

T.A. Hammer, R.W. Davis & K.R. Thiele . 628-638

Endiandra inopinata B.Gray (Lauraceae), a new species from Queensland’s

Wet Tropics

B. Gray . 639-644

Taxonomic notes on the Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. group (Myrtaceae)

in Queensland

A.R. Bean

645-655

Editorial Committee

P.I.Forster (editor)

G.P.Guymer (technical advisor)

D.A.Halford (technical advisor)

Graphic Design

Will Smith

Desktop Publishing

Aniceta Cardoza

Austrobaileya

Vol. 1, No. 1 was published on 1 December 1977

Vol. 10, No. 3 was published on 23 August 2019 and is available online at

https: //www. qld. gov. au/Austrobailey a

Back issues 1(1)- 8(4) are available on the JSTOR website

http://plants.jstor.org/

Austrobaileya is published once per year.

Exchange: This journal will be distributed on the basis of exchange.

Australian Subscribers: Orders for single issues and subscriptions may be placed. The price

is (GST included): AUD$48.00 per issue for individuals, AUD$80.00 for institutions, including

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All correspondence relating to exchange, subscriptions or contributions to this journal should be

addressed to: The Editor, Austrobaileya, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment

and Science (DES), Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066,

Australia. Email: Paul.Forster@des.qld.gov.au

ISSN 0155-4131

Web site: https://www.qld.gov.au/Austrobaileya

Austrobaileya is the journal of the Queensland Herbarium and publishes peer-reviewed research

on plants, algae, fungi and lichens (systematics, morphology, geography, anatomy, karyology,

conservation biology and botanical history), with special emphasis on taxa from Queensland.

Opinions expressed by authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the policies or

view of the Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science.

Index of Papers published in Austrobaileya - Volume 10

A taxonomic revision of Pimelea section Epallage (Endl.) Benth.

(Thymelaeaceae) in Queensland

A. R. Bean .1-46

Fimbristylis buchanansis R.Booth & P.R. Sharpe and F. triloba R.Booth &

RR.Sharpe (Cyperaceae), two new species from Queensland

R. Booth & P.R. Sharpe .47-58

Lomandra decomposita (R.Br.) Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean (Laxmanniaceae),

a new species for Queensland

J. Wang & A.R. Bean .59-63

Polyalthia submontana subsp. sessiliflorus (Jessup) Jessup, a new combination

in Australian Annonaceae

L. W. Jessup .64

Taeniophyllum walkeri B.Gray (Orchidaceae), a new species from north

Queensland

B. Gray .65-69

Melaleuca comosa A.R.Bean (Myrtaceae), a new species from western

Queensland

A.R. Bean .70-73

Cycas distans P.I.Forst. & B.Gray (Cycadaceae), a new species from southern

Cape York Peninsula, Queensland

P.I. Forster & B. Gray .74-84

Rhaphidosporaplatyphylla (S.Moore) Bremek. ex A.R.Bean (Acanthaceae),

a new combination for a species from Australia and New Guinea

A. R. Bean .85

Gastrodia umbrosa B.Gray (Orchidaceae, Gastrodieae): a new

mycoheterotrophic orchid endemic to the Atherton Tableland, Queensland,

Australia

B. Gray & Y.W. Low .86-92

Oldenlandia pinifolia (Wall, ex G.Don) Kuntze (Rubiaceae), a new addition

to the flora of Australia

J.O. Westaway .93-101

Olearia bella A.R.Bean & Jobson and O. orientals A.R.Bean & Jobson

(Asteraceae: Astereae), two new species from Queensland

A.R. Bean & P.C. Jobson .102-112

Hibiscus diversifolius subsp. rivularis (Bremek. & Oberm.) Exell (Malvaceae)

in Australia

M. O. Badry, D.M. Crayn 8cJ.A. Tate .113-120

Gymnogaster boletoides J.W.Cribb (Boletaceae, Boletales), a striking

Australian secotioid bolete

M. Gelardi, N. Fechner, R.E. Hailing & F. Costanzo .121-129

Thismia hawkesii W.E.Cooper and T. lanternatus W.E.Cooper (Thismiaceae^),

two new fairy lantern species from the Wet Tropics Bioregion, Queensland,

Australia

WE. Cooper .130-138

Elionurus purpureus E.J.Thomps. ( Panicoideae : Andropogoneae :

Tripsacinae ), a new species for Queensland: circumscription and breeding

system

E.J. Thompson .139-162

Typifications in Australian Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae and

Picrodendraceae

P.I. Forster & D.A. Halford .163-167

A family’s contribution to Queensland botany: John Howard Simmonds [Snr]

(1862-1955), Rose Simmonds {nee Culpin) (1877-1960) and John Howard

Simmonds [Jnr] (1901-1992)

J.L. Dowe .168-183

Atriplex alces Edginton & E.J.Thomps. (Chenopodiaceae), a new species

from central Queensland, Australia

M.A. Edginton & E.J. Thompson .184-195

Labichea mulliganensis A.R.Bean (Leguminosae: Caesalpiniodeae), a new

species from Queensland

A. R. Bean .196-199

Didymoplexis micradenia (Rchb.f.) Hemsl. (Orchidaceae): A new record for

the Australian flora

B. Gray .200-204

Pittosporum tinifolium A.Cunn.: a corrected name and reinstatement at

species level for the Queensland species currently known as the rusty-

leaved pittosporum, Pittosporum ferrugineum subspecies linifolium

(A.Cunn.) L.Cayzer et al. (Pittosporaceae)

L. W. Cayzer & G.T. Chandler . 205-206

A taxonomic revision of Argophyllum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Argophyllaceae)

in Australia

A.R. Bean & P.I. Forster . 207-235

Drummondita borealis Duretto (Rutaceae), a new species from the Northern

Territory, and a revised description for D. calida (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson

from Queensland

M. F. Duretto . 236-241

Stemodia anisata A.R.Bean (Plantaginaceae), a new species from Queensland

and the Northern Territory

A. R. Bean . 242-246

Elaeocarpus carbinensis J.N.Gagul & Crayn (Elaeocarpaceae), a new species

endemic to the Mt Carbine Tableland of northeast Queensland, Australia

J.N. Gagul, L. Simpson & D.M. Crayn . 247-259

Taeniophyllum baumei B.Gray (Orchidaceae), a new species from Cape York

Peninsula, Queensland

B. Gray

260-265

Lomandra ramosissima Jian Wang ter (Laxmanniaceae), a new species from

southern central Queensland, Australia

J. Wang . 266-272

Vrydagzynea albostriata Schltr. (Orchidaceae) - new to the flora of Australia,

with notes on the identity of V grayi D.L. Jones & M.A.Clem.

B. Gray & P. Ormerod . 273-281

Hibbertia fexox B.R.Jackes (Dilleniaceae) a new species from the White

Mountains area of north Queensland

B.R. Jackes . 282-285

Psychotria hebecarpa Merr. & L.M.Perry (Rubiaceae), a new record for

Queensland and Australia

P.I. Forster . 286-289

Les Pedley (1930-2018)

Mostly about wattles: the publications of Les Pedley

P.I. Forster . 291-296

Notes on Acacia Mill. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae ), chiefly from

Queensland, 6.

L. Pedley . 297-320

A taxonomic revision of Sapotaceae for mainland Australia

L.W. Jessup . 321-382

Charles James Wild (1853-1923), an ardent collector of Queensland

bryophytes

A.J. Franks . 383-404

A taxonomic revision of Lagenophora Cass. (Asteraceae) in Australia

J. Wang & A.R. Bean .405-442

Brachychiton guymeri J.A.Bever., Fensham & P.I.Forst. (Sterculiaceae), a

new species from north Queensland

R.J. Fensham, J.A. Beveridge & P.I. Forster . 443-457

Three new species of Cor chorus L. and Grewia L. (Sparmanniaceae /

Malvaceae subfamily Grewioideae) from northern Australia, an earlier

name in Grewia , and recircumscription of Triumfetta kenneallyi Halford

R.L. Barrett . 458-472

Reinstatement of Ptilotusparviflorus (Lindl.) F.Muell. (Amaranthaceae)

A.R. Bean . 473-479

A re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of the Australian species of Arthraxon

Beauv. and Thelepogon Roth (Poaceae: Panicoideae : Andropogoneae )

E.J. Thompson . 480-505

The botanical collections of William Hann’s Northern Expedition of 1872 to

Cape York Peninsula, Queensland

J.L. Dowe & P.I. Taylor . 506-538

Rediscovery of the previously Extinct Marsdenia araujacea F.Muell.

(Apocynaceae)

P.I. Forster . 539-540

Dendrocnide cor data (Warb. ex H.J.P.Winkl.) Chew (Urticaceae) is not

present in Australia

A.R. Bean . 541-544

Alangium solomonense (Bloemb.) WJ.de Wilde & Duyfjes (Cornaceae), a

new species record for Australia and Queensland

P.I. Forster . 545-547

Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson (Droseraceae, Drosera section Prolifera

C. T.White), a spectacular new species of sundew from the Cape York

Peninsula bioregion, Queensland

M.T. Mathieson & S.L. Thompson . 549-557

Acacia lespedleyi P.I.Forst. (Mimosaceae), a new and geographically

restricted species from south-east Queensland

P.I. Forster . 558-563

A taxonomic revision of Camptacra N.T.Burb. (Asteraceae: Astereae )

A.R. Bean . 564-575

A taxonomic revision of the genus Lagenophora Cass. (Asteraceae: Astereae )

in New Guinea

J. Wang & A.R. Bean . 576-582

Lobelia fenshamii N.G.Walsh & Albr. and L. fontana Albr. & N.G.Walsh

(Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae ), two new species endemic to artesian

springs in central and south-western Queensland

D. E. Albrecht, N.G. Walsh, R.W. Jobson & E.B. Knox . 583-593

Denhamia megacarpa J. J.Halford & Jessup and D. peninsularis J. J.Halford

& Jessup (Celastraceae), two new species from Queensland

J.J. Halford & L.W. Jessup . 594-603

A taxonomic reassessment of Styphelia cuspidata (R.Br.) Spreng. (Ericaceae)

with the description of two new species S. cognata A.R.Bean and S.

lucens A.R.Bean

A. R. Bean . 604-611

Bulbine fraseri Kunth (Asphodelaceae) reinstated and distinguished from B.

bulbosa (R.Br.) Haw. in eastern Australia

P.F. Horsfall & D.E. Albrecht .612-620

Zieria abscondita P.I.Forst. (Rutaceae), a new and geographically restricted

species from south-east Queensland

P.I. Forster . 621-627

Clarification of species boundaries within the Ptilotus royceanus Beni

(Amaranthaceae) group

T.A. Hammer, R.W. Davis & K.R. Thiele . 628-638

Endiandra inopinata B.Gray (Lauraceae), a new species from Queensland’s

Wet Tropics

B. Gray

639-644

Taxonomic notes on the Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. group (Myrtaceae)

in Queensland

A.R. Bean . 645-655

A taxonomic revision of Olearia elliptica DC. (Asteraceae: Astereae ) with the

description of two new species O.fulgens A.R.Bean and O. praetermissa

(P.S.Green) A.R.Bean

A.R. Bean . 656-662

Lectotypification of three species names of Australian Alpinia Roxb.

(Zingiberaceae)

A.R. Bean .663-664

New Scientific Names published in Austrobaileya - Volume 10

Acacia ammitia Pedley.314

Acacia anadcnia Pedley.303

Acacia castorum Pedley.297

Acacia dichromotricha Pedley.316

Acacia forsteri Pedley.301

Acacia hierochoensis Pedley.298

Acacia lespedleyi PI.Forst.559

Acacia lithgowiae Pedley.312

Acacia parvifoliolata Pedley.303

Acacia philoxera Pedley.305

Acacia pudica Pedley.307

Argophyllum curtum A.R.Bean & PI.Forst.214

Argophyllum ferrugineum A.R.Bean & PI.Forst.215

Argophyllum heterodontum A.R.Bean & PI.Forst.217

Argophyllum iridescens A.R.Bean & PI.Forst.218

Argophyllum jagonis A.R.Bean & PI.Forst.221

Argophyllum loxotrichum A.R.Bean & PI.Forst.224

Argophyllum palumcnsc A.R.Bean & PI.Forst.228

Arthraxon australicnsis (B.K.Simon) E. J.Thomps.501

Atriplex alces Edginton & E. J.Thomps.185

Brachychiton guymeri J.A.Bever., Fensham & PI.Forst.446

Camptacra perdita A.R.Bean.568

Camptacra robusta A.R.Bean.569

Corchorus drysdalensis R.L.Barrett.459

Drummondita borealis Duretto.237

Cycas distans PI.Forst. & B.Gray.75

Dcnhamia megacarpa J. J.Halford & Jesssup.595

Dcnhamia muelleri (Benth.) Jessup.600

Denhamia peninsularis J. J.Halford & Jessup.598

Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson.550

Elaeocarpus carbinensis J.N.Gagul & Crayn.249

Elionurus purpureus E. J.Thomps.144

Endiandra inopinata B.Gray.640

Gastrodia umbrosa B.Gray.87

Grewia pindanica R.L.Barrett.463

Grewia savannicola R.L.Barrett.466

Fimbristylis buchananensis R.Booth & PR.Sharpe.48

Fimbristylis triloba R.Booth & P.R.Sharpe.48

Hibbertia ferox Jackes.282

Labichea mulliganensis A.R.Bean.196

Lagenophora adenosa Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean.414

Lagenophora platysperma Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean.431

Lagenophora sporadica Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean.578

Lagenophora sublyrata (Cass.) Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean.435

Lobelia fenshamii N.G.Walsh & Albr.584

Lobelia fontana Albr. & N.G.Walsh.588

Lomandra decomposita (R.Br.) Jian Wang ter & A.R.Bean.59

Lomandra ramosissima Jian Wang ter.267

Melaleuca comosa A.R.Bean.70

Melaleuca oblivia A.R.Bean.647

Melaleuca stenostachya subsp. amplior A.R.Bean.651

Melaleuca stenostachya S.T.Blake subsp. stenostachya, A.R.Bean.651

Niemeyera discolor Jessup.331

Olearia bella A.R.Bean & Jobson.102

Olearia fulgens A.R.Bean.658

Olearia orientalis A.R.Bean & Jobson.106

Olearia praetermissa (P.S.Green) A.R.Bean.660

Pimelea amabilis (Domin) A.R.Bean.7

Pimelea approximans A.R.Bean.8

Pimelea chlorina A.R.Bean.10

Pimelea confertiflora A.R.Bean.11

Pimelea fugiens A.R.Bean.17

Pimelea gigandra A.R.Bean.19

Pimelea hirsuta subsp. elliptifolia (Threlfall) A.R.Bean.41

Pimelea hirsuta Meisn. subsp. hirsuta, A.R.Bean.41

Pimelea leptospermoides subsp. bowmanii (Benth.) A.R.Bean.23

Pimelea leptospermoides F. Muell. subsp. leptospermoides, A.R.Bean.24

Pimelea mollis A.R.Bean.26

Pimelea plurinervia A.R.Bean.28

Pimelea rupestris A.R.Bean.30

Planchonella myrsinifolia subsp. howeana (F.Muell.) Jessup.357

Planchonella myrsinifolia (F.Muell.) Swenson, Bartish & Munzinger subsp.

myrsinifolia, Jessup.357

Pleioluma ferruginea Jessup.338

Pleioluma pilosa Jessup.343

Polyalthia submontana subsp. sessiliflora (Jessup) Jessup (“, sessiliflorus ”).64

Rhaphidospora platyphylla (S.Moore) Bremek. ex A.R.Bean.85

Sersalisia obpyriformis (F.M.Bailey) Jessup.366

Stemodia anisata A.R.Bean.242

Styphelia cognata A.R.Bean.604

Styphelia lucens A.R.Bean.609

Taeniophyllum baumii B.Gray.261

Taeniophyllum walkeri B.Gray.65

Thismia hawkesii W.E.Cooper.131

Thismia lanternatus W.E.Cooper.132

Zieria abscondita P.I.Forst.621

Zieria euthadenia (J.A.Armstr.) P.I.Forst.626

Zieria gymnocarpa (J.A.Armstr.) P.I.Forst.626