QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE

Flora of South-eastern Queensland. Volume | by T. D. Stanley & E. M. Ross (1983), 545 pages.

This is the first of three volumes providing a detailed account of the native and naturalized

plant species from the Queensland-New South Wales Border east of Talwood north to the Dawes

Range and Bundaberg area. Families are listed phylogenetically according to the Engler system

and Volume | contains treatments of all familes from Casuarinaceae to Sapindaceae. This volume

also contains a key to all the families of Dicotyledoneae in the region. The book is illustrated with

80 plates of black and white line drawings.

Price $20.00; Postage/Handling Qld $3.00, Interstate $6.00, Overseas $6.00

Suburban Weeds by H. E. Kleinschmidt (1983), 64 pages

The text contains descriptions of 120 species of weeds found in suburban areas throughout the

State together with black and white line drawings of each species. Control measures useful in

suburban situations are also given.

Price $3.00; Postage/Handling Qld $1.60, Interstate $1.60, Overseas $2.00

Weeds of Queensland by H. E. Kleinschmidt & R. W. Johnson (1979), 469 pages

This hook contains descristions of over 240 weeds. Each weed has a brief description and is

LHS COOK CONLaINS GCSCTiIPpuiOons G1 GVOT sou WeCGS. ati Weed a5 d OFi’r GEscripiion ana is

illustrated by black and white photographs or line drawings. Notes on the weed’s origin, distribu-

tion and contro! are also included.

Price $12.00; Postage/Handling Qld $3.00, Interstate $6.00, Overseas $6.00

Wildflowers of South-eastern Queensland. Vol. 1 by B. A. Lebler (1977), 101 pages

This is a book for the amateur botanist or student who would like to identify the common

wildflowers in the south-eastern corner of the State. Many of the more common wildflowers are

included in Vol, 1 including the species of Callistemon, Hibiscus and Banksia. Each species is

illustrated by a black and white line drawing and 8 pages of colour photographs are also included.

Price $2.50; Postage/Handling Qld $1.60, Interstate $1.60, Overseas $2.00

Wildflowers of South-eastern Queensland. Vol. 2 by B. A. Lebler (1981), 76 pages

Volume 2 provides descriptions, colour plates and line drawings of the Acacias of South-

eastern Queensland and includes black and white line drawings of each species and 10 pages of

colour photographs.

Price $5.00; Postage/Handling Qld $1.60, Interstate $1.60, Overseas $2.00

Orders may be sent to Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Information Centre,

G.P.O. Box 46, Brisbane Q. 4001.

Send cheques payable to Queensland Department of Primary Industries. Overseas payments

must be in Australian currency.

CONTENTS

Two new species of Enteropogon (Poaceae: Chlorideae) in Australia

B. Kk. Simon

ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee er ee ee ee ry

Pen PRM EG AMG, 5s Ads camcdistinats mustetess ate taadivremrunteasad aed cswet baci sradec tac ntameenlteeuse dhs

A new species of Darwinia (Myrtaceae) for Queensland

N. B. Byrnes

ee ee ee

A new sibspecies of Ptilotus distans (R.Br.) Poir. in Queensland

G. Benl

eee eee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee ee eee ee ee ee ee ey

Studies in Australian grasses, 1.

B. K. Simon

TOC eee ee ee ee ee ry

Ross

ee eee eee eee ee eee ee cee ee ee ee eee ee ee eee ee ee

A new species of Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae) from south-eastern Queensland

T. D. Stanley

ee eee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee ee ee

Notes on Sapindaceae, III.

S. T. Reynolds

eee ee a)

A revision of Melaleuca \.. (Myrtaceae) in northern and eastern Australia, 1.

N. B. Byrnes

ee ee eee ee

A revision of Xy/osma G. Forster (Flacourtiaceae) in Australia

L. W. Jessup

ee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee eee ee eee ee ee es

Revision of Australian Vitaceae, 1. Ampelocissus Planchon

Betsy R. Jackes

ee ee ee ee ee ee a ee as

New taxa and nomenclatural changes in Aristida L. (Poaceae) in Australia

B. K. Simon

i ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee

A mangrove hybrid Sonneratia X guingai (Sonneratiaceae) from north-eastern

Australia

BA, MEBs ceca co caida choaneatinrs vecseaaeied on ere HQ08 Veneer et haere ds rid ereeaaaaaanee ane

A note on F. M. Bailey’s Botany Bulletins

R. J, KF Henderson

ee ee ee rr

Corrigenda

Editor: L. Pedley

Austrobaileya 1(5) was published on 14 April, 1983

Austrobaileya 2(1) 1 - 6 (1984)

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ENTEROPOGON

(POACEAE: CHLORIDEAE) IN AUSTRALIA

by B. K. Simon

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

Enteropogeon ramosus is described and the new combination Enteropogon paucispiceus is made. A key to the six species of

Enteropogon in Australia is given.

Different diagnostic characters have been used to differentiate the genera Chloris and

Enteropogon. Some workers (Clayton, 1967; Renvoize, 1974) place greater emphasis on the

number of spikes in the inflorescence whereas others (Lazarides, 1972; Anderson, 1974) regard the

~ type of spikelet compression to be of greater significance. I agree with the conclusions of the latter

authors that spikelet compression (dorsal in Enteropogon, lateral in Ch/oris) is of greater value

than the character of spike number in distinguishing between these genera. (Clayton (1982) has

recently altered his previous views on the generic limits of these genera by transferring three

American and two African species from Chloris to Enteropogon). Another difference bet ween the

two is the type of starch grain possessed by them, being simple and angular in Enteropogon and

compound in Chloris (Tateoka, 1962). The occurence of simple grains in F. acicularis and E.

dolichostachyus, Australian species previously placed with Ch/oris, reinforces the thinking of

Lazarides and Anderson.

According to the most recent taxonomic treatment of Enferopogon in Australia (Lazarides,

1972) four species, two of which are divided into infraspecific taxa, can be recognised. One species

E. unispiceus (F. Muell.) W. D. Clayton is treated as having two varieties, var. unispecieus and var.

paucispiceus Lazarides and another &. acicu/aris (Lindl.) Lazarides is reported to exist in two

forms which are not assigned a taxonomic rank. :

When the Queensland Herbarium material of Enteropogon was recently examined during the

course of my preparing a key to the grasses of Australia, I observed that the sorts of differences

which exist between the infraspecific taxa of Lazarides are of a similar magnitude to those he ac-

cepted for distinguishing between the species. Also ecological work on the Brigalow Research Sta-

tion, 32km NW of Theodore, Queensland, where all the infraspecific taxa recognized by Lazarides

occur, has shown all of the taxa are clearly distinguishable from each other (R. W. Johnson, pers.

comm,). For this reason it is now proposed to elevate these infraspecific taxa to species rank,

Nomenclaturally this entails the creation of one new combination and the naming of one new

species.

Enteropogon paucispiceus (Lazarides) B. K. Simon, comb. et stat. nov.

Enteropogon unispiceus (¥. Muell.) W. Clayton var. paucispiceus Lazarides, Austr. J. Bot.

Suppl. 5: 27 (1972). Type: Queensland. Moreton District: Glenore Grove, near Lawes, 16

Feb 1950, Bisset S671 (CANB sub CANB 22154, holo; BRI) photo of holo. Plate 1.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. (All BRI). Queensland. LeichHArpt District: Brigalow Research Station, Aug 1963.

Johnson 2669, Aug 1965, Johnson BRI 060315; 10 miles [16km] NW of Banana, Jul 1959, Johnson 883; Reedsdale, April

1961, Johnson 2246; 33 miles [53km] SW of Nebo, June 1962, Story & Yapp 22; Cottenham, May 1960, Johnsoa 1714; 23

miles [37km} Sof Rolleston, Feb 1960, Johnson 1278; c. 45 miles [72km] N of Marlborough, May 1960,/ohnson 1780; Red-

bank, Jun 1960, Johnson 1955. Port Curtis District: Greycliffe, Apr 1937, White 10864. DaRLING Downs District: bet-

ween Miles and Drillham, Feb 1935, Blake 7699; between Pittsworth and Millmerran, May 1934, White 10062; Calala, Apr

1960, Johnson 161, Johnson 1619; Palardo, May 1934, Bigke 5843, Holcombe via Tara, Jun 1930, Safter; Kindon Station,

Dec 1938, Smith 570; 30 miles [48km] NE of Goondiwindi towards Millmerran, Jul 1958, Johnson 507; Yelarbon, Feb 1936,

Blake 10467; bet ween Inglewood and Millmerran, Jan 1934, White 9791,

Enteropogon ramosus B, K. Simon, species nova affinis E. aciculari (Lindley) Lazarides sed

culmis altioribus, ramosis, cum spicis 2—6(— 8), foliis raro crispis exorientibus aeque secus

culmum totum, culmis et foliis nunquam pilosis differt, affinis E. minuto Lazarides et E.

dolichostachyo (Lag.) Keng ex Lazarides sed flosculi inferni longiore et spiculis laxeimbricatis dif-

fert. Typus: Simon 2810 & Clarkson (BRI sub BRI 228353, holotypus; CANB, K, L, NSW

isotypi).

Plate 1. Holotype of Enteropogon paucispiceus (Lazarides) B. K. Simon

aap.

Merk BEI

. l y p .

p g

. n

Chloris acicularis Lindley var. queenslandiae Domin, Bibl. Bot. 20 (85): 368 (1915). Type:

Queensland. Burke District: Cloncurry, Feb 1910, Domin (PR, holo; BRI, photo of holo).

Enteropogon acicularis (Lindley) Lazarides Form A, Aust. J. Bot. Suppl. 5:33 (1972).

Caespitose perennial to 100 cm tall. Culms glabrous, smooth, glaucous, terete, 4—6—noded,

divided with up to 8 branches from the lower nodes. Leaf sheaths to 17 cm long rounded on the

back, glabrous, smooth or with scattered tubercles towards the apex, glaucous. Ligule a ciliolate

membrane to0'3 mm long. Leaf blades glacuous, linear, to 20cm x 5mm, semi-cordate at the base,

tapering and filiform at the tip, twisting abruptly at intervals on maturity, margins scabrous.

Inflorescence of 2—6(—8) digitate spikes to 15 cm long, each of up to 50 spikelet. Spikelets of 2(—3)

dorsally compressed florets, the lowermost 6—9 mm long (without the awn) and much larger than

the other(s). Glumes remaining attached to the rachis at maturity, hyaline, linear, the keels

scabrous and extended into a short mucro; the lower 2—3-5 mm long, the upper 3-5—7 mm long.

Lowest lemma 6—9 x c. 1 mm, pallid to mauve, scaberulous, acuminate, 3—nerved, with a pale

scaberulous awn 10—14 mm long; callus 0:5 —2 mm long, rounded at the apex, with lateral hairs to

1°5 mm long. Palea 5-6 x c. 0-5 mm, 2—nerved, indented on the back, acuminate. Anthers 3,

1:2 —1°5mmlong. Grain2—5 x 0°'5mm, yellow to orange. Second floret on a rachilla internode to

2mm long, reduced to a scaberulous mauve lemma 2—4 mm long, bearing a scaberulous awn 7 — 12

mm long. Third floret consisting of a hyaline lemma c. 1:5 mm long with an awn c. 5 mm long, or

absent. Plate 2, Fig. 1.

SELECTED SPECIMENS, (All BRD. Western Australia. Northern Province — Gardner District: near Ord R. Station, Jul

1949, Perry 2403. Eremaean Province— Carnarvon District: Barradale Roadhouse, North West Coastal Highway, Mar

1980, Sinton 3771 & Stretch. Northern Territory. Darwin and Gulf: Springvale Station near Katherine, Giles 66, Central

North: 2 miles [3 km] W of Argadargada, Jun 1962, Ne/son 320. Central South: 9°5 miles [15 km] NNW of Alice Springs,

May 1955, Lazarides 5181. South Australia. Flinders Ranges: Mt Lyndhurst, May 1898, Koch 3, Queensland, Cook

District: Gilbert River, Feb 1927, Brass 1722. Burke District: 17 miles [27 km] NE of Duchess, Mar 1954, Lazarides 4389.

Nortu KennepDy District: Mt St John near Townsville, Jan 1931, Hubbard 6952 & Winders. SouTH KENNEDY DISTRICT: Pine

Hill, Dec 1975, Sivton 2914 & Jacobsen, Porr Curtis District: Emu Park, Mar 1935, Blake 7876. LEicHHARDT DISTRICT:

Brigalow Research Station, Aug 1965, Johnson BRI 060314. Grecory NorTH District: between Selwyn and Boulia, Jun

1934, Biake 6430. Grecory Souty District: Nockatunga, June 1936, Blake 11845, MitcHeLL District: | km 8 of Tambo

towards Augathella, May 1975, Sirmon 2810 & Clarkson (type). Warreco District: Chesterton, Apr 1936, Blake 11095.

Maranoa District: between Amby and Euralla, Jan 1931, Hubbard 6346 & Winders, Burnett District: Monto, Mar 1937,

Blake 12849, Daruinc Downs District: Chinchilla, Feb 1978, Lithgow 20 (BRI 231823}. New South Wales. North Far

Western Plains: Cobham, Dec 1969, Martensz 237. Also oceurs in VICTORIA (Lazarides, 1972). Specimens

examined: 97,

E. ramosus is the most common species of Enteropogon in Australia with a distribution in all

States except Tasmania. It differs from 2. acicularis, which has been recorded from all States

except Victoria and Tasmania and with which it has been confused, by anumber of morphological

characters which may be synoptically expressed as follows:

Plants 60-100 cm tall, glabrous; leaves arising from the whole culm length, the

blades twisting abruptly at intervals at maturity; culms branched at most

nodes, with up to 8 branches; spikes 2—6(--8), spreading in a single plane .. E. ramosus

Plants up to 40 cm tall, usually pilose; leaves usually arising from the base of the

culm, the blades seldom twisting abruptly; culms usually solitary; spikes

7—22, arranged in Several Planes ............cccecceceseeeeeereseeseeesessseneueeereseeenres E. acicularis

E. ramosus also differs ecologically from £. acicu/aris in that it tends to grow on duplex or tex-

ture contrast soils with sand overlaying clay whereas £. acicularis is generally restricted to cracking

clay soils (R. W. Johnson, pers. comm.).

As Enteropogon acicularis sens. lat. has been re-constituted into two species and the

nomenclature of one of the segregates has been clarified it is necessary to do likewise to the other.

Enteropogon acicularis (Lindley) Lazarides, Austr. J. Bot. Suppl. 5:31 (1972).

Chloris acicularis Lindl. in Mitch., J. Exped. Interior. Trop. Aust. 33 (1848). Type: New

South Wales, Bogan River, 1846, Mitchell 115 (CGE, holo; BRI, photo of holo).

Chioris moorei F, Muell., Linnaea 25:444 (1853). Type: South Australia, Crystal Brook, Dec

1851, & Mueller (MEL 104204, syn; BRI, photo of syn); inter Rocky Creek and Rocky

River, 6 Nov 1851, F& Mueller (MEL 104203, syn; BRI, photo of syn).

UW SK.K.SAUL

eae

Figure 1, Enieropogon ramosus B, K. Simon 1, habit (x %); 2, portion of spike showing 6 spikelets (x 4); 3, spikelet with 2

florets, side view (x 8); 4, lower lemma, dorsal view (x 8); §, palea, ventral view (x 8); 6, mature ovary and stigmas (x 17);

7, anther (x 17); 8, upper lemma, dorsal view (x 8). From Lithgow 20 (BRI 231823) & Lithgow BRI 248540. 9, grain (x &).

From Simon 2810 & Clarkson, 10, glumes (x 8); 11, florets of a spikelet with 3 florets (x &); 12, third floret (x 8). 13,

junction of leaf sheath and blade showing ligule (x 8). From Winders 7418.

The circumscription of £. acicularis is restricted to Form B of Lazarides in Austr. J. Bot.

Suppl. 5:33 (1972). This was verified by an examination of the type specimen in which the spike

number was found to be not less than 10 and the spike length between 13 and 16 cm and

divaricating. The spike number of 8—9 in the type description of Ch/oris acicularis is probably due

to the fact that some spikes in the type specimen are broken off at the base and were not taken into

consideration in formulating the description.

In my previous key to Enteropogon (Simon, 1980:48) reference was made to an undescribed

species (Lithgow BRI 231823) which at the time was thought to be another new species. Further

study however has shown it to be a small form of EF. ramosus, The latter key and that of Lazarides

(1972) is now superseded by the following key.

1. Leaves mostly basal on the Culim ..........c.ccccecscesseseeeeeesesveveveesevestgevessssseneueeasnennseenseneenes 2

Leaves produced uniformly up the Culm ............cccccccccccceseeeeseeeneceeseseeserseutaesaeeneeeeaeeneas 4

2. Inflorescence spikes usually more than 9, spreading in several planes

neste atembashag asm past-aachide tosdeeeasienndesasnenerelianapersadreticenprnnindetl E. acicularis (Lindl.) Lazarides

Inflorescence spikes up to 4, usually arranged in a single plane ................c.ccccsecuececeeeeeeees 3

3, Spikes 1(—3); leaf blades filiform of if flat up to 1 mm wide

shod aaitn Fyabasiopied et aoanndg MERON AGO VDA Ista DeadT ALY UAT sendoan rae ewaes E. unispiceus (F. Muell.) W. D. Clayton

Spikes 3—4; leaf blades flat, more than 1:5 mm wide

atideh dl Dutedsdni ates diee Pla ice ath aah tedia Vite Reseed exichad phate uiscdaciale odeneck peed E. paucispiceus (Lazarides) B. K. Simon

4, Lemma of the fertile floret 6—9 mm long; spikelets loosely overlapping

pdt ise ei per Potapes beaiaag Lasedieed ea danpaeoaaketreaa aks bavari-ni da eereo erparreRaponened seas ye E. ramosus B. K. Simon

5. Spikes flaccid; lemma of the fertile floret 3-3-5 mm long .................. E. minutus Lazarides

Spikes stiff; lemma of the fertile floret 3-5 5 mm long

saittinedect ina Seplbvi Later ahead Aide abarsa ala dihetoube eget eettelhtriet E. dolichostachyus (Lag.) Keng ex Lazarides

Acknowledgements

Textend my thanks to Dr R.W. Johnson and Mr R. J. Henderson of the Queensland Herbarium for

supplying ecological information and giving advice on the manuscript, to Mrs Margaret Saul and

Mrs Gillian Rankin for the illustration and to the Curators of CANB, CGE, MEL and PR for the

loan of types.

References

ANDERSON, D. E. (1974). Taxonomy of the genus Ch/oris (Gramineae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin

Biological Series 19(2):1—133.

CLAYTON, W. D. (1967). Studies in the Gramineae: XIII. Chlorideae. Kew Bulletin 21:99-110.

CLAYTON, W. D. (1982). Notes on subfamily Chioridoideae (Gramineae). Kew Bulletin 27:417—420.

LAZARIDES, M. (1972). A revision of Australian Chlorideae (Gramineae). Australian Journal of Botany. Supplementary

Series 5:1—51.

RENVOIZE, S. A. (1974). Gramineae 2:331, In Polhill, R. M. ed. Flora of Tropical East Africa. London: Crown Agents

for Oversea Governments and Administrations.

SIMON, B. K. (1980). A key to Queensland Grasses. Botany Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industries,

Technical Bulletin 4.

TATEOKA, T. (1962). Starch grains and endosperm in grass systematics. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 75:377-383.

Accepted June 1982

Austrobaileya 2(1) 7 — 14 (1984)

A REVISION OF COMESPERMA (POLYGALACEAE) IN QUEENSLAND

by L. Pedley

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

Fourteen species of Comesperma occur in Queensland, six of them endemic. All species are described and a key to

distinguish them is provided. C. breviflorum, C. hispidulum and C. pallidum are described as new. C. esulifolium and C.

oblongatum are new combinations based on C. ericinum DC. forma esulifolium Gandoger and C. erfcinum var.

oblongatum R. Br, ex Benth. respectively.

Comesperma is best developed in temperate Australia, particularly in the south-west. It is

significantly represented in coastal and subcoastal parts of Queensland, however, where there are

14 species, six of them endemic, some with restricted geographic ranges. There has been no critical

study of Queensland taxa and there has been a tendency to refer diverse plants to a few species, par-

ticularly to C. ericinum and C. refusum. These species if broadly interpreted, do occur in south-

eastern Queensland but other related species are also found. Some of these have already been

recognized as distinct by previous workers, though sometimes as taxa of lower rank. Differences

between taxa found in Queensland are slight but constant and warrant the recognition of anumber

of closely related species rather than the recognition of a few species with many infra-specific taxa.

This is contrary to the treatment of Thompson (1978) who took a much broader view of C.

ericinum and C. sylvestre.

Van Steenis (1968) referred Comesperma to Bredemeyera, transferring 13 species from Com-

esperma to Bredemeyera. Ten of the necessary transfers had already been made (Ewart & Davies

1917; Anon. 1923), the combinations being attributed to Chodat. I have followed Burbidge & Gray

(197V), Willis (1972) and Thompson (loc. cit.) in treating Comesperma as a distinct genus. Ben-

tham (1863) noted the differences between the two, and van Steenis acknowledged the value of seed

characters used by Bentham, the position of the coma and the development of a caruncle, in

distinguishing them. Nevertheless van Steenis treated Comesperma as a section only of

Bredemeyera. He referred B. papuana to the newly described section Me/chiora, distinguished

from section Comesperma on account of its axillary racemes and exterior calyx lobes persisting

beneath the fruit. The latter character seems rather trivial and 8B. papuana is probably best referred

to Comesperma. Phenetically it resembles C. volubile though ecologically it is different from all

other species, To regard B, papuana as a primitive link between Australian Comesperma and

Bredemeyera add unnecessary complexity to the taxonomy and phytogeography of Polygalaceae.

1. Capsule sessile, seeds filling cells without a coma ..............c:cceceeeeeeneee 1. C. sphaerocarpum

Capsule narrowed at base; seeds with coma which occupies narrow basal part

ET ARTIC TE ca 5h ck Cea tere anes teote is ane RMU eLANTEA dale pnd PROM new ee ail soa leh nuone abe a 2.

2. Leaves scale-like (usually up to 3:5 mm long) or absent, stems not twining

Oe Facies aye a tadok 69 MELE Mba naegaeteeatcnee nA RK Ay sh aM CON ILE due came u CHCA RE NS AAD Ale MERIAL ETA ERGs 2. C. defoliatum

Leaves not scale-like, at least 5 mm long, or if absent, then stems twining .................000 3.

3, Leaves broadest hear the base, up to 5 times as long as wide, cordate, truncate or

POUIGEE bres s Abe Rcdaadcncasticeansatniamie lone eeeiad sapistantaaepavew oe ksts heute SaaS eRe mundane an ete al snes ets 4,

Leaves 2—20 times as long as wide, often oblong, not markedly broad near the

TASS guacladyravevtakeite ana d new bitan le ssireeshn ties REMAN AY Cun DAME REL IOR eae ha hah bestest a UTA GRE aH Laccka SOTA 5.

4, Fiowers creamy white. Leaves hispidulous, rounded, or cordate at base,

1°4—2°8 times as long aS WIdE ........... cece ces eececeeceeseeeeaneeeaeeeetseereeaeaees 4. C. secundum

Flowers usually mauve or purple, rarely white. Leaves glabrous, truncate or

slightly cordate at base (3—)4—5 times as long as wide ...............0045 5. C. patentifolium

5. Stems twining; leaves 2—6°5 cm long, sometimes absent ..........ccccsccecreseeeueeees 3, C. volubile

Stems erect, not twining; leaves rarely more than 2'5 cm long ..............ceeccceesseceeneeeeeeenees 6.

6. Branchlets hispidulous with hairs 0°3—-0°5 mm long ..............ccccececcecceseesecevsseneeeveusereees 7.

Branchlets glabrous or puberulous, hairs to ca 0-1 mm lONg .............ccce cee secseeeeneeseeeaeeeees 8.

7, Leaves less than 3°5 mim Wide, COMCAVE .........c:sececssceseseveceuseeceuveneeuseeseanes 6. C. hispidulum

Leaves (3-~)4—B amin, Wid, TAP aeccccitsec sees iieatieetiasentieer nes ae spbbred vind ef eriaewkbens 7. C, sylvestre

Sy heaves fest thant USirit lie cs 35s save ccscesncdageveadeetbawetaavaaeuyedehedu ven npyeds4te dctuna debaid debs greases 9.

Leaves more than 15 mm long ..........cccccccccececcccececeesucasevscseeeensceesvsesucevecessusnceneveneaeurs 13.

9. Leaves less than 2 mm wide. Flowers small: inner sepals and corolla lobes 4 mm

PTI rcccinde adders eden a may Datpcheta Salgeeiads Hhebuw My daalebedael torptabbtchiden dead deh akapihagntt-tup hie 10.

Leaves 1'5—4 mm wide. Flowers: inner sepals 57:5 mm long, corolla lobes

A ETE TPE cay ex eee tt cave bap ln Suede epee ee Nene ek eyed de dase cat ced Mbals caeee apn | pdleatd EET couse ebay 11.

10. Branchlets glabrous; inflorescence 6—8 cm long in flower; pedicels 2-3 mm long

sia hiad ba Mei nea Shy tr Pellin alah cpitieae eg nett dtariats en yea cing wed Redlpete eared Eben geet Pada 8. C. breviflorum

Branchlets puberulous; inflorescence less than 2 cm long; pedicels 4°5—5:5 mm

MESTUEE eS sree s.h ach 52" dade aed, Pee ke. aiel ath ih Mtoe tine gtary Map neonehh aacabe ete ves nde dak eel oick 9. C. praecelsum

11. Branchlets glabrous or sparsely puberulous; leaves 2—5(—7) times as long as

SETELE Masccegle beg. ane de te ted vivtiy leap idden ov t4digd stectadedalsale a che ct dadgt Mit ela deige 10. C. retusum

Branchlets puberulous or rarely glabrous but then leaves 6—10(—15) times as

LE SAME tp be sso cat cmeincdacta ta atoaty Sty tweet bea diaves davsitlenuan dan nco dal elses Maat tneasbe 12,

12. Leaves S—11 x 1:5—2-5 mm, less than 6°5 times as long as wide .................. 11. C. ericinum

Leaves 10—25(—40) x (1:5—)2—3'5(-4) mm, 6—10(--15) times as long as

PTR ee mahi th ae soa Gath piut gee AG Hk she deb aaidac othe walbw ek aetna See bouhiattie rebate 12. C. esulifolium

13. Leaves less than 2 mm wide; corolla lobes less than 4mm long ................... 9. C. praecelsum

Leaves rarely less than 2 mm wide; keel more than 4mm long ...............ccccccceceueeeeseeeees 14.

14. Branchlets puberulous ............ccccccceeeeeeeseueeeseeeteseyseseascestaeeetasusanenenss 12. C. esulifolium

Branchlets glabrous, rarely sparsely puberulous ...............c.ccccceessecesceeeeeeeuseueterseseuaueees 15.

15. Flowers purple; capsule ca 10 mm IONg ...............ccccce cece ceneeeeeeseeeeern enon 13, C. oblongatum

Flowers cream; capsule 1O—15 mm long ................cecccecceeeeeneceseete ese eeeeeeaes 14. C. pallidum

1. Comesperma sphaerocarpum Steetz, Pl. Preiss. 2:314 (1848). Type: In Nova Hollandia, Bauer

(not seen).

Bredemeyera sphaerocarpa (Steetz) Stennis, Acta Bot. Neerl. 17:383 (1968). Based on

C. sphaerocarpum.

Perennial, stout rootstock with erect or ascending glabrous or puberulent stems to 40 cm tall,

scale leaves to ca 3‘5 mm long at base of plant. Racemes terminal, up to 9 cm long; pedicels 2°5—3

mm long, sometimes decurved in fruit, Flowers violet or blue. Calyx: outer sepals oblong concave

subequal 2°8— 3:2 mm long, 1—1°5 mm wide; inner sepals, conspicuous sub-orbicular, 5(—7) mm

long and about as wide. Corolla: wings acute, falcate, 4:2—4'6 mm long; keel ca3:5 mm long. Cap-

sule orbicular, not narrowed at base 3:5—4 mm long and wide. Seed lenticulate slightly longer than

wide, 2°2 x 1°8 mm, pubescent, the basal hairs cohering into a short pale appendage.

Flowering period: Summer generally.

Cook District: Ravenshoe, Dec 1976, Lockyer 69, NoRTH KENNEDY District: Herberton, Michael 1654, Jan 1912, Kenny.

L FiCHHARDT District: Blackdown Tableland, ca 32km SE of Blackwater, Apr 1971, Henderson et al, 752 & 851. DaRLING

Downs District. Wallangarra, Jan 1933, Bla@ke 4528. MoreTON District: Glasshouse Mtns, Feb 1920, Francis; Caloundra,

Dee 1933, White 9653; Chermside Hills, Brisbane, Sep 1961, Ped/ey 800; Nerang Creek, in 1889, Schneider.

Comesperma sphaerocarpum occurs in eucalypt open-forest in coastal parts of south-eastern

Queensland with isolated occurences near Herberton and on Blackdown Tableland. It differs from

all other species found in Queensland in having capsules without elongated stipes.

2. Comesperma defoliatum F. Muell., Pl. Vict. 1:189 (1863). Type: Clouds Creek, Beckler (K, iso).

Bredemeyera defoliata (F. Muell,) Chodat ex Census Pl, Vict. ed. 1:40 (1923).

Perennial, stout rootstock with ascending glabrous stems to 60cm tall rarely to 1 m, leafless or

with scale leaves up to 3:5x0°5 mm. Racemes terminal up to 10 cm long, pedicels 1—2 mm long.

Flowers blue, calyx: outer sepals oblong concave, 3—3:5(—4) mm x 1°2—1°5 mm, one slightly

wider than the others; inner sepals, conspicuous, suborbicular, 5—5:5 x 3—4 mm. Corolla: wings

acute, falcate (4—) 4°-5—5 mm long, pubescent outside at the base, and sometimes woolly inside at

confluence with keel and at tip; keel 3:54 mm long, saccate on each side near top; pistil glabrous.

Capsule rounded at end, 8°5—9 mm x ca 3 mm. Seeds lenticular ca 1‘5 x 1 mm, long hairs filling

lower narrow part of capsule.

Flowering period: summer, generally.

WIpE Bay District: Fraser [., Oct 1921, Epps; Fraser I., edge of L. Birrabeen, Aug 1941, Blake 14348; between Howard and

Traverston, Oct 1929, White 6368. MoRETON District: Coolum (Beach), Nov 1964, Smith & Knowles 12230, Jan 1977,

Sharpe 2153; Beerwah State Forest, ca 44 miles [70 km] N of Brisbane, March 1953, Melville (K); Bribie I., Sep 1913 & Apr

1915, White , Nov 1919, Francis; Moreton I,, Dec 1890, ex herb. Sintmonds, Mar 1973, Durrington 180; near Southport,

Apr 1968, Lebfer & Baxter; Binna Burra (Lamington National Park), Jan 1962, R. Jones J287. DARLING Downs DisTRICT:

Mt Norman, Dec 1970, Hockings.

Comesperma defoliatum is common on seasonally waterlogged peaty sands in coastal wallum

areas south of Fraser Island, but has also been collected from moist sandy areas on the McPherson

Range and near Stanthrope. It bears a superficial resemblance to C. sphaerocarpum, but its cap-

sule is different. The two species also have different ecological ranges.

3. Comesperma volubile Labill., Pl. Nov. Holl. 2:24, t. 163 (1806). Type: not seen.

Bredemeyera volubilis (Labill.) Chodat ex Census. Pl. Vict. ed. 1:40 (1923),

Twining shrub; branchlets ribbed, glabrous except occasionally for scattered small hyaline

hairs on ribs. Leaves sparse scattered, apparently absent from some plants, variable in size, and

shape often on same plant, glabrous, linear, narrowly ovate or narrowly obovate, often gradually

tapering to base or apex, 2—6°5 cm long, 2—5 mm wide, 5—15(—20) times as long as wide, margins

slightly reflexed, somewhat discolorous; petioles short. Racemes terminal on short branches

towards ends of stems, 2—5 cm long, pedicels 3—5 mm long. Flowers blue, purplish blue, or

pinkish purple. Calyx: outer sepals ovate obtuse with a broad base, + equal in length 2°53 mm

long, ca 1°5 times as long as wide; inner sepals clawed, obtuse, 5‘5—7'5 mm xX 4—5 mm. Corolla

pubescent on inside about the middle: wings narrow oblong 4—5:2 x ca 1mm, about as long as the

keel, adnate to the keel for half its length. Pistil glabrous. Fruit not seen mature, 12 x 2°2 mm, not

retuse at apex.

Flowering period: August—September.

Moreton District: Maroochie, Oct 1894, Bailey; Lamington National Park, Oct 1934, White 11443; Springbrook, Sep

1929, Rudder, Sep 1930, Hubbard 4238, Sep 1959, Hockings; Burleigh Heads, Dec 1921, Young; Tugun, Sep 1930 Hubbard

3873, (K, BRI), & Waite 7104.

Comesperma volubile occurs in eucalypt open-forests only in the extreme south-eastern part

of the state on infertile sandy soils on the lowlands and on richer soils in the McPherson Range. It

is not a common plant and has probably become extinct in the lowlands of the mainland.

4. Comesperma secundum Banks ex DC., Prod. Syst. Nov. 1:334 (1824). Type: Endeavour River,

Banks (not seen). .

Bredemeyera secunda (Banks ex DC.) Chodat ex Ewart & Davies, Fl. North. Terr. 160

(1917).

Slender sparingly branched shrub to 1 m tall; branchlets terete, hispidulous, hairs 0°2—0-3

mm long. Leaves hispidulous particularly on margin and midrib, rather thick in texture with only

midrib prominent, ovate or oblong 6-9 mm x 3°55 mm, 1°4—2°8 times as long as wide,

mucronulate, rounded or cordate at the base; petiole less than 0°5 mm long. Inflorescences up to 15

cm long, glabrous, pedicels 1—3 mm long. Flowers creamy white. Calyx: outer sepals + equal in

length, 0°8— 1 mm long, inner sepals extremely concave rounded, 2°5—3 mm x 1-5—1:7 mm. Cor-

olla: keel and wings about equal in length, 2°8—3 mm long. Pistil glabrous. Capsules ca 12 mm X

2-3 mm. Seeds narrowly ovoid, ca 3 mm long, 0°8 mm in diameter, hairs deciduous about 9 mm

long.

Flowering period: May to July, or later in the year in some localities.

Cook District: 30 miles [48 km] SW of Portland Roads, Jul 1968, Pediey 2749; 44 miles [70 km] N of Coen, Aug 1965, Git-

tins 1002; N of Laura River, May 1975, Byrnes 3354; NW of Cooktown, near Isabella Falls, May 1970, Biake 23416 (BRI,

K); Endeavour River, July 1819, Cunningharn 229 (K).

Comesperma secundum occurs on shallow sandy soil in heathy understorey of eucalypt com-

munities in Cape York Peninsula. It extends to the northern part of the Northern Territory. Some

specimens suggest that the inflorescences are secund as the specific epithet suggests, but this is not

always so, nor has it been noted by collectors.

5. Comesperma patentifolium F. Muell., Fragm. Phytog. Aust. 1:48 (1858). Type: Mountains,

Burnett Ranges, Mueller (K, iso).

C. ericinum DC, var. patentifolium (F. Muell.) Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:147 (1863).

Shrub to ca 1 m tall; branchlets hispidulous. Leaves glabrous, slightly discolorous,

8— 10(— 13) mm long, 1:8—2°5(—3) mm wide, (3—)4—5 times as long as wide, narrowly ovate, trun-

cate or slightly cordate at the base, mucronate, the margins inflexed (or strongly inrolled when

dry); petiole short. Racemes rather loose, up to 3 cm long; flowers “plum purple” or “deep mauve”;

white in some populations or on some plants, Calyx: outer sepals deltoid obtuse 1:5 mm long, inner

sepals rounded 5—5:'5 mm long, Petals: wings and keel about as long as each other 4:5—5'5 mm

long; keel with distinct beak; stamens and ovary as for C. hispidulum. Capsules glabrous, slightly

emarginate, 1O—11 mm long, 4—4°5 mm wide, abruptly narrowed in lower half. Seeds terete, ca 3

mm long, 2 mm wide with covering of short hairs and longer deciduous hairs filling lower part of

capsule, a line or narrow wing from chalazal end to top of seed.

Flowering period: August September.

LEICHHARDT District; Blackdown Tableland, Sep 1937, Simtmons 51, Sep 1969, Johnson 949 (BRI, K), Sep 1965, Gittins

1112, Apr 1971, Henderson ef ai. HS71 (BRI, K), Sep 1971, Henderson et al. H1087 (BRI, K); Expedition Range, E of

Rolleston, Sep 1961, Story & Yapp 269 (BRI, K). Burnett District: Hungry Hills, between Mt Perry & Eidsvold, Jul 1956,

Coa/drake, DARLING Downs District: State Forest Reserve, N of Chinchilla, in 1958, Cameron QFD 659/1958.

Comesperma patentifolium occurs on shallow soil overlying sandstone from a little north of

Chinchilla to Blackdown Tableland. Bentham whose circumscription of C. ericinum was broad

referred it to that species, but its closest allyis C. Aispidulum which has somewhat longer and wider

leaves not cordate at the base. Both are distinguished from other Queensland species by the

indumentum of the stem.

6. Comesperma hispidulum Pedley, species nova affinis C. patentifolii F. Muell. foliis longioribus

latioribusque et non cordatis differt. Typus: Moreton District: Plunkett [ca 40 km S of

Brisbane], Aug 1930, Hubbard 3785 (BRI, holo typus; K, isotypus).

Frutex usque 2:5 m altus, basi parce ramosus; ramuli hispiduli pilis usque 0:5 mm longis obsiti. Folia glabra (10—)

15—20(-—23}mm «x 2—3:5 mm, 4—8 plo quam lata longiora, anguste oblonga vel aliquando oblanceolata discoloria concava

mucronulata mucrone recto vel leviter deodorsum curvato; costa in pagina inferiore prominens vulgo non in superiore;

petiolus ca 0°5 mm longus. Inflorescentia: racemus corymbosus terminalis laxus usque 4 cm longus; bracteae et bracteoli

mox caducae ca 1 mm longae; pedicelli 4—6 mm longi. Fores purpurascentes; sepala exterioria deltoidea + obtusa 1:2—1°8

mm longa; sepala interioria concava apice rotunda, 4-5—5-5 mm longa; corolla ex alis 4—5 mm longis et carina 3-5—4-5 mm

longa constans; stamina % longtudine conjuncta parte libra 1 mm longa, staminalis tubus in parte inferiore ad petala

adnatis; ovarium glabrum. Fructus 9—!0 mm longus, 3—4 mm latus, emarginatus in dimidio inferiore abrupte contractus.

Semina teretia2:3—3 mm x 1|—1-3mm pilis dedicuis usque 6 mm capsuli partem inferiorem complentibus praedita, linea vel

ala ex extreme chalazo ad apicem signata.

Shrub up to 2°5 m tall, sparingly branched at the base; branchlets hispidulous with hairs up to

0:5 mm long. Leaves glabrous (10—)15—20(—-23) mm x 2—3-5 mm, 4—8 times longer than wide,

narrowly oblong or occasionally oblanceolate, discolorous, concave, mucronulate with straight or

slightly down-curved mucro, midribs prominent on underside but usually not on upper surface;

petiole ca 0:5 mm long. Inflorescence a loose terminal corymbose raceme up to 4 cm long; bracts

and bracteoles diciduous ca | mm long; pedicels 4—6 mm long. Flowers purplish; outer sepals

deltoid + obtuse 1-2—1-+8 mm long; inner sepals rounded at the top, concave, 4:5—5:5 mm long;

corolla wings 4—5 mm long, keel 3'5—4°5 mm long; stamens united for % of their length, free part

ca 1 mm long, staminal tube adnate to the petals in the lower part. Capsule 9-10 mm long, 3—4

mm wide, emarginate, abruptly contracted in lower half. Seeds terete 2°3-—3 x 11:3 mm with

covering of deciduous hairs up to 6 mm long filling lower part of capsule, a line or wing from

chalazal end to the top of the seed.

Flowering period: Mainly September with some flowering continuing till December.

Queensland. WIDE Bay Districr: Tin Can Bay, Sep 1943, White 12296. Moreton District: Mooloolah, Dec 1890, ex herb.

Simmonds; Glasshouse Mts, Sep 1909, White; Caloundra, Aug 1932, Blake 4202; Moreton I., Sep 1908, White Q.F.N.C.:

Aspley, Sep 1929, White 6208; Mt Byron ca 20 miles [32 km] ENE of Esk, Nov 1963, #yerist 7605; Daisy Hill State Forest,

27°38'S 153° 10'E, Nov 1976, Elso/ 70 (BRI, CANB, NSW, K, MQ); between Upper Albert and Plunkett, Aug 1930, White

7078, New South Wales, NorTH Coast Division: Angourie, Aug 1966, Lebler.

Comesperma hispidulum is found in eucalypt woodland and open-forest on sandy soil from

the mainland opposite the southern part of Fraser Island to northern New South Wales. Mt Byron

is about as far inland as it has been collected. The specimen White 7078 (cited above) was probably

collected at the same time as the holotype, though the labels indicate they were collected on suc-

cessive days. White accompanied Hubbard on field trips in south-eastern Queensland, and many

specimens seen both at BRI and K, particularly of Acacia and Helichrysum, bear almost identical

data.

C. hispidulum and C. patentifolium are closely related. They may be no more than

subspecifically distinct, but as they can be distinguished with certainty there is no reason not to

regard them as distinct species, at least for the present.

7. Comesperma sylvestre Lindl. in Mitchell, Trop. Aust. 342 (1848). Type: near Mt Pluto, Oct

1846, Mitchell (K, iso).

Bredemeyera sylvestris (Lindl.) Chodat ex Ewart & Davies, Fl. North. Terr. 160 (1917).

Shrub to 2 m tall; branchlets angular with indumentum of moderately dense spreading hairs

0-3--0°5 mm long. Leaves glabrous and somewhat glaucous, flat, narrowly oblong or occasionally

narrowly obovate 10-22 x (3—)4—8 mm, 2—5(—7) times as long as wide, mucronulate; petiole up

to 1 mm long. Inflorescence glaucous, usually ca 3 cm long and dense, but elongating to ca 10 cm;

pedicels ca 4 mm long; bracts and bracteoles dedicuous. Flowers purple or reddish purple. Calyx:

outer sepals + equal in length, 1-5—2 mm long; inner sepals concave, rounded, 5—5:5 mm xX ca3°5

mm. Corolla: keel slightly longer than the wings 5-5—6 mm long, wings 4°5—5°5 mm long; pistil

glabrous. Fruit not seen.

Flowering period: August— October.

LEICHHARDT District: 21 miles [34 km] SE of “Bedourie” Station, Oct 1963, Speck 1845 (K, BRI); Isla Gorge, 25°09'S

149°57'E, Sep 1968, Everist 8058 (BRI, K), Aug 1973, Sharpe & Hockings 607; Carnarvon Range, Oct 1933, White9480, Sep

1938, Young, Sep 1940, White 11 325. Maranoa District: Mt Moffatt, Mar 1944, Geary.

The species is restricted to sandstone areas of south-central Queensland, an area with an

unusually high number of endemic species.

8. Comesperma breviflorum Pedley, species nova affinis C. ericini DC. foliis brevioribus et

floribus parvioribus differt. Typus: Mt Greville, Oct 1934, Michael 2072 (BRI,

holotypus).

Plantae perennes graciles sparsim ramosae ca 0:5 m altae; ramuli glabri. Folia glabra linearia acuta, 7-15 mm x

0-8—1-2mm, 9—[Splo longiora quam lata, probabiliter plana ubi viva, relflexa recurvave ubi sicca, costa non prominenti.

Inflorescentiae elongatae 6—8 cm longae, ubi fructiferae probabiliter 15 cm longae attigentes; bracteae ca 2 mm longae,

bracteolica 1 mm longi; pedicelli2—3 mm longi. Calyx: sepala externa, supera 1-6mm longa, laterales 1-3— 1-4 mm longae;

sepala interiores 3—3-5 mm X ca 2-5 mm. Corolla: alae 2-5~ 2-8 mm longae, carina 3-3-5 mm longa. Stamina diadelpha

anteris + sessilis in utroque filamenti conjuncti. Pistillum glabrum. Capsula ignota, fabricia probabiliter ifla specierum

ceterarum ad sectionem Comesperme pertinentium similis.

Slender sparsely branched perennial ca 0°5 m tall; branchlets glabrous. Leaves glabrous linear

acute, probably flat when fresh, reflexed or recurved when dry, midnerve not prominent, 7—15

mm x0°8—1:2 mm, 9—15 times as long as wide. Raceme terminal elongate 6—8 cm long probably

becoming 15 cm long in fruit; bracts ca2 mm long, bracteoles ca 1 mm long; pedicels 2—3 mmlong.

Calyx: outer sepals, upper one 1-6 mm long, laterals 1:3—1:4:mm long; inner sepals 3—3°5 x ca2°5

mm. Corolla: wings 2-5—2-8 mm long, keel 3—3-5 mm long. Stamens diadelphous, the anthers +

sessile on each of the united filaments. Pistil glabrous. Pod unknown, in structure probably similar

to other species belonging to section Comesperma.

Moreton District: Mt Ernest, Jan 1953, Tyack Bake (BRI, K).

This is evidently a rare species.

9, Comesperma praecelsum F. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Aust. 11:2 (1878). Type: Rockingham Bay,

Dallachy (K, iso).

Bredemeyera praecelsa (F. Muell.) Steen., Acta Bot. Neer]. 17:383 (1968).

Shrub ca 1-5 m tall (to3°5 m fide Mueller); branchlets puberulous, the hairs rather thick, 0-1

mm long, extending to the bases of the leaves. Leaves narrow oblong obtuse mucronulate, the

margins slightly recurved, 10-25 mm x 1—2mm, 6~—15 times as long as wide. Inflorescence short,

overtopped by the leaves in the only specimen seen; pedicels glabrous 4:5—5-5 mm long. Calyx:

outer sepals, upper ca 1 mm long, lateral ones 0-7—0°9 mm; inner sepals concave incurved,

3°3—4-4mm x 2:2—3 mm. Corolla: wings 2°8—3°'5 mm long, keel 3—4 mm; pistil glabrous. Cap-

Sule not seen, described by Mueller as oblong-cuneate, minutely bilobed at the emarginate top,

8—10mm long.

North Kennepy District: Hinchinbrook I., 18°29'S 146°19'E, Aug 1975, Sharpe & Williams 1662.

10. Comesperma retusum Labill., Pl. Nov. Holl. 2:22. t. 160 (1806). Type: not seen.

Bredemeyera retusa (Labill.) Chodat ex Census PI. Vict, ed. 1:40 (1923).

Shrub; branchlets glabrous or occasionally sparsely puberulent. Leaves glabrous subsessile

elliptic or oblong, flat, midrib prominent beneath, obtuse-mucronulate or acuminate, the tip

somewhat hyaline, 7~12(—15) mm long, 1-5—3(—4) mm wide, 2—5(—7) times as long as wide, +

concolorous. Inflorescence glabrous, rather short; pedicels 3—5*5 mm long; bracts ca 1°5 mm

long, bracteoles ca 1 mm long. Flowers purple. Calyx: outer sepals + equal ca 2 mm long or two

shorter ca 1:5 mm long; inner sepals rounded 5—6'5 mm X3—4 mm, Corolla: wings 5 mm long,

keel longer or shorter than wings 4:5—6 mm long. Pistil glabrous. Fruit retuse umbronateca 10mm

long, 2°7 mm wide.

Flowering period: October—December.

Queensland, Wipe Bay District: Fraser 1., Dec 1919, Epps. MORETON District: Bribie Island, Nov 1919, Francts; Russell 1.,

Sep 1917, Parker. DaRLING Downs District: Dalveen, Nov 1946, Everist & Webb 1291; near Wallangarra, Oct 1963, Pedley

1588, New South Wales, Point Lookout, New England National Park, Dec 1970, Be/f 332.

In Queensland Comesperma retusum is a common species on sandy soils derived from granite

in the vicinity of Stanthorpe. It also occurs on sandy soils on islands in south-eastern Queensland

but is evidently not common there as no specimens have been added to the Queensland Herbarium

since 1919, The species éxtends to Tasmania and perhaps consists of a number of infraspecific taxa.

11. Comesperma ericinum DC., Prod. Syst. Nat. 1:334 (1824). Type: not seen.

Bredemeyera ericina (DC.) Chadot, Natur. Pflanzenf. 3(4):331. fig. 177 (1896).

Slender subshrubto 1 m; branchlets minutely puberulous. Leaves, glabrous, margins strongly

revolute when dry but probably only slightly decurved when fresh, + discolorous, 5—11 x

1-5--2°5 mm, 3°7 — 6°'5 times as long as wide. Inflorescence glabrous, rather open, 2—3 cm long;

pedicels 4—5 mm long; bracts ca 1-5 mm, bracteoles ca 1 mm long, soon deciduous. Flowers

purplish. Calyx: outer sepals upper one 1°5 mm long, laterals 0:8 — 1:2 mm inner sepals 5 — 6-4 mm

x 3—4mm long, concave, rounded. Corolla: wings usually slightly longer than the keel, 4-- 5:3

mm long, keel 4— 4-8 mm long; pistil glabrous. Capsule truncate, umbonate, abruptly contracted

in lower half, ca 10 mm x 3 mm; mature seeds not seen.

Flowering period: September — October.

Queensland. Moreton District: Burleigh Heads, Dec 1921, Young; Tugun, Sep 1930, Hubbard 3866 (BRI, K). New South

Wales: Byron Bay, Aug 1936, White 10245; Coffs Harbour, Oct 1930, White 7413,

In Queensland Comesperma ericinum is confined to the extreme south-eastern part of the

State where it has been reported from coastal heath. Urban development has greatly reduced these

habitats and it has not been collected in recent years.

12. Comesperma esulifolium (Gandoger) Pedley, stat. et comb. nov. Based on Comesperma

ericinum DC. forma esulifolium Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60:456 (1913);

McGillivray, Contrib, N.S.W. Nat. Herb. 4:319 — 365 (1973). Type. New South Wales:

summit of Mt Warning, Nov 1898, Forsyth (NSW 120784, iso).

Shrub ca 1 m tall; branchlets minutely puberulous, rarely glabrous. Leaves glabrous,

discolorous (particularly when dry) margins slightly recurved, (often strongly so when dry),

10 —25(—40)mm x (1°4—)2~3°5(—4) mm, 6 — 10(1 — 15) times as long as wide: petioles to 1 mm

long. Inflorescence glabrous, rather loose, usually 2—3 cm long. Pedicels 4— 7 mm long, bract ca

2mm long, bracteoles 1 — 1-5 mm long. Flowers pink, purple or rarely white. Calyx: outer sepal

(1:7 —)2—2°5 mm long, lower ones (1 — }1°4 ~~ 1°6( --2) mm long; inner sepals concave, rounded,

6—7(-7:3) mm x 3—3-5(—4}mm. Corolla: wings 5:5 —6'5 mm long, keel as long as or slightly

shorter than the wings, 5—6 mm long; pistil glabrous. Capsules truncate, umbonate, 7 ~- 8(-—- 9)

mm x 3—3-°5 mm abruptly narrowed in lower half; seeds terete, 2—2°4 mm x 1—1'4mm with

hairs ca 5 mm long filling lower half of capsule.

Flowering period: mainly September — October.

Queensland. Moreton District: Mt Maroon, Sep 1948, Blake 18246 (BRI, K}, Jan 1962, Everist 7202, Aug 1964, Gilfieatt

180 (BRI, K); Mt Ernest, Oct 1932, White 8580 & 8580A; Mt Lindesay, Oct 1921, White, Oct 1932, Srewart, Jul 1935,

Michael 2221, Sep 1973, Dowling 124; Lamington National Park, McPherson Range, Oct 1934, White Li441, Oct 1961,

Jones J234, Apr 1971, Bell415; Springbrook, Jan 1916, White, Sep 1929, White 6216, Sep 1930, Hubbard 4203 (BRI, K) Oct

1931, White 8227, Jan 1938, Goy & Smith 230, Jul 1971, .K. R. McDonald. New South Wales. NortH Coast District: Night

Cap Range, Whiam Whian State Forest, Sep 1963, Jones, Jul 1956, Webb & Tracey, Sep 1972, Coveny 4457 & Redd (BRI,

K); Mt Warning, Jan 1938, Waite & Brass, Oct 1939, Rodway 2978 (K).

Comesperma esulifolium is common on peaks of the McPherson Range usually at altitudes of

morethan 500m. Itis found on the edges of cliffs and in eucalypt communities but has been record-

ed in rainforest near the summit of Mt Lindesay. It has been referred to C. ericinum but has more

elongate leaves.

13. Comesperma oblongatum (R. Br. ex Benth.) Pedley, comb. et stat. nov. Based on C, ericinum

DC, var. oblongatum R. Br. ex Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:147 (1863). Type: Pine Port

[Shoalwater Bay area], Brown (K, holo).

Subshrub; branchlets glabrous. Leaves oblong obtuse mucronulate, discolorous, margins

recurved (at least when dry), 15—30 mm xX 2°5—3:'5 mm, 5:5—10 times as Jong as wide. In-

florescences congested, ca 2 cm long, elongating to 5 cm when in fruit. Flowers dark pink. Calyx:

other sepals, upper 1-2— 1:5 mm long, laterals 1— 1-2 mm long; inner sepals 4—4°5 mm x 2:7—3°5

mm. Corolla: keel and wings 4-2—4°5 mm long, pistil glabrous. Capsule 9mm x 3:5 mm; seeds 2°7

mm xX 1mm.

Port Curtis District: Shoalwater Bay Military Reserve, 22°48'S 150°3S'E, Jul 1977, Clarkson & Stanley 691; Byfield, Sep

1931, White 8039; Yeppoon-Byfield Road, Aug 1966, Giftins 1205.

Comesperma oblongatum is restricted to a small area near Rockhampton, It is reported to

occur in exposed situations on headlands where it is considerably modified by wind. Herbarium

specimens of these plants will probably result in the above description having to be modified to

some extent.

14, Comesperma pallidum Pedley, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3:127 (1981). Type: Mitchell District:

Torrens Creek, Mar 1933, White 8703 (BRI, holo; BRI, K, iso).

Shrub to about 2 m tall; branchlets angular glaucous, glabrous or rarely sparsely puberulous.

Leaves subsessile oblong obtuse mucronulate, 15—25 mm x 2°5—5 mm, 4—6°'5 times as long as

wide, rather thick in texture with only the midrib prominent. Inflorescence rather dense, ca 6cm

long, pedicels ca 4 mm long; bracts and bracteoles deciduous. Flowers cream, purplish on keel.

Calyx: outer sepals + equal in length, 1-4—1-6mm long, inner sepals concave obtuse 4°2—4:7 mm

long. Corolla: keel longer than the wings 4°3—4°8 mm long, wings 3°8—4°4 mm long. Pistil

glabrous. Capsules 10—15 x 3:5—4 mm, retuse umbonate, gradually narrowed to the base. Seeds

2:7--3 mm long, subcylindrical, 1:2—1-5 mm diam., the coma filling the base of the capsule.

Flowering period: Summer generally.

Northern Territory: ca 28 miles [45 km] N of Highland Rocks (approx. 21°S, 130°E), Aug 1970, Maconochie 1083 (BRI,

NT}. Queensland. Burke District:“Mt Sturgeon” Station, Feb 1931, Hubbard & Winders 7748, (K, BR1). Nortu KENNEDY

District: Warrigal, Feb 1931, Hubbard & Winders 7134 (K, BRI}, MitcHELL District: 10 miles [16 km] ENE of, Torrens

Creek, Jun 1953, Perry 3588 (K, BRI); “Aberfoyle” Station (ca 300 km SSE of Torrens Creek}, Aug 1964, Farnes, SouTH

Kennepy District: “Taemas” Stn., 21°14’S 146°24E, Sep 1977, Willianis 77199; Sandy Forest tableland of the Suttor,

Mueller (K).

In Queensland Comesperma pallidum occurs on sandy or gravelly soils in eucalypt com-

munities on both sides of the Diving Range north of the tropic and has been collected also in the

Northern Territory, It has usually been included with C. sy/vestre, probably because Bentham

(op. cit.) referred the Mueller specimen cited above to that species.

Bibliography

ANONYMOUS (1923). A census of the plants of Victoria. Melbourne; Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria.

BENTHAM, G. (1863). Flora Australiensis, Vol. I. London: Reeve & Co,

BURBIDGE, N.T. & GRAY, M. (1970), Flora of the Australian Capital Territory. Canberra: Australian National Univer-

sity Press.

EWART, A. J, & DAVIES, D. B. (1917). The Flora of the Northern Territory. Melbourne: McCarron, Bird & Co.

VAN STEENIS, C. G. G. J. (1968). Notes on Bredemeyera (Comesperma) with a new Papuan species and the Australian

species listed. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 17:377—384,

THOMPSON, J. (1978). Flora of New South Wales No. 112. Poiygalaceac.

WILLIS, J. G. (1972). A handbook to plants in Victoria. Vol. 2 Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.

Accepted June 1982,

Austrobaileya 2(1) 15 (1984)

A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS DARWINIA (MYRTACEAE)

FOR QUEENSLAND

by N. B. Byrnes

formerly Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

Darwinia decumbens is described as new, Its relationship to D, fascicularis is discussed.

Darwinia decumbens Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis D. fasciculare Rudge calycis tubo 10—costato, stylo

brevi, bracteolis sine carina vel apiculo, ovulis pluribus differt. Typus: Byrnes 3951 (BRI, holo;

CANB, K, NSW, iso).

Shrub, decumbent to 15 cm high and 2 m diam., producing adventitious roots on prostrate

branches. Internodes becoming shorter towards apex of branchlets but not crowded. Leaves

opposite, terete, often channelled or flattened on basal part of adaxial surface, 6—12 mm long, ca

0-4 mm diam., acute, usually apiculate, sessile or indistinctly petiolate, glaucous, becoming

reddish brown. Flowers borne singularly in leaf axils on pedicels ca 2 mm long. Bracteoles

hoodlike, obovate, obtuse, not keeled, 4—5 mm long, caducous. Calyx tube 10—ribbed at least in

upper part, cylindrical, sometimes constricted near apex, 4--5 mm long, green; calyx lobes entire,

obtuse triangular, 0°3—0°5 mm long; petals orbicular ca 1:5 mm diam.; stamens and staminodes

10; anthers globose, lobed; style 6— 10 mm long with subapical ring of hairs; ovary ca2°5 mm long;

ovules 8 on a secund placenta. Fruit unknown.

Queensland. Dartinc Downs District: Barakula State Forest, 16 Sep 1980, Byrnes 3951 (BRI, NSW, CANB, K, Type);

Waaje, Barakula Forestry area, in 1973, Hando 113; Ballon State Forest, 17 Aug 1971, Nielson.

Range, This species is known only from a restricted area within state forests north-west of

Barakula.

Habitat. In shrubland on shallow sandy soils containing lateritic pebbles.

The species superficially resembles Homoranthus flavescens which grows in the area and was

originally confused with that species. It differs in not having hairlike calyx-lobes characteristic of

Homoranthus.

D. decumbens is most closely related to D, fascicularis but differs in that the calyx tube has ten

ribs, the bracteoles are not keeled or apiculate, the style is shorter, and the flowers do not range

from white to red as in the D. fascicu/aris group. It differs from all other species in the D.

fascicularis group in having eight ovules and in this way is more closely related to Homoranthus.

The habit of D. decumbens is similar to that of D. fascicularis var. oligantha but the upright

branchlets are not long and the leaves are thinner and not crowded.

Plants of D. procumbens each covered several square metres in the area observed and the

leaves areat first glaucous green becoming reddish-brown to purple with age. The flowers were in-

significant.

Acknowledgements

The author is indebted to Messd. V. Hando and G. Lithgow for first bringing the species to notice

and guidance to the collecting area.

References

BENTHAM, G. (1866). Flora Australiensis 3: 6—16. London: Reeve & Co.

BRIGGS, B. G. (1962). New South Wales species of Darwinia. Contributions from the New South Wales National

Herbarium 3: 129-150.

Accepted June 1982

| 7

Austrobaileya 2(1) 17 — 19 (1984)

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PTILOTUS DISTANS (R.BR.) POIR.

IN QUEENSLAND

by G. Benl

Botanische Staatssammlung, Munchen (W. Germany}

Abstract

Ptilotus distans (R.Br.) Poir. hitherto treated as a uniform species is divided into two subspecies. Subsp. capensis, described

as new, is confined to north Queensland, while subsp. distans occurs in the Northern Territory and Western Australia.

In the course of studies on Prifotus R.Br. [found that P. distans does not appear as a uniform

taxon but 1s significantly developed in two infra-specific forms. The species is characterised by

virgately erect, subglabrous, simple or few-branched stems up to 80(—105) cm tall, sparsely

foliated with narrow-linear leaves, stems and branches terminating each in an interrupted spike of

(S—)8—15(—25 x 1—1°5(—3) cm, with, dull green silver-hairy flowers (red streaked when fresh)

varying in number (4 to more than 20), 1—2°5 cm apart but crowded toward the apex of luxuriant

plants with spikes drooping when mature.

A superficial glance into the plumose perianth reveals a most striking diversity in the sexual

organs (fig. 1); but there are differences in other respects too, e.g. regarding the shape of bracts and

sepals. Specimens with long-styled flowers have been collected only in Queensland (in and near

Cape York Peninsula), whereas those with short-styled flowers came from Northern Territory at

distances of more than 600 km from the Queensland places (fig. 2). In addition there is a location

in Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Because specimens with intermediate characters

could not be found P. distans is divided. The protologue of P. distans refers to R. Brown’s no. 3054

(BM; E,K) from ‘North Coast’, which has short styles. Therefore I feel justified in distinguishing

the Queensland taxon as a subspecies.

Ptilotus distans (R.Br.) Poir. subsp. capensis Benl, subspecies nova, a subsp. distans filamentis

staminum longioribus (8—9°5 mm longis), stylo longiore (ca 7°5 mm longo), cupulae

margine longe ciliato pilis rectis septatis usque 3°3 mm longis differt (fig. 1). Typus: Cook

District: Thursday Island, June 1897, & M. Bailey (BRI, holo).

Flower bracts narrow-lanceolate, to 5°2 x 1:5 mm, minutely ciliate all along the margins;

bracteoles to 6°3 x 2:2 mm with entire margins. (In ssp. distans the bracts and bracteoles ovate, the

sharper pointed bracts with marginal cilia only in upper half or wanting.) Tepals linear-lanceolate,

nearly free down to base, outer ones up to 1S x 1 mm (in subsp. distans broader near the base),

apices of tepals subtruncate and irregularly denticulate (in subsp. distans acuminate) mostly pro-

jecting beyond the inhomogeneous pubescence. Stamens all fertile or more often one (rarely two)

shorter and sterile, staminodes well visible. (Staminodes in subsp.distans much shorter, usually

concealed by the copious hairlets surrounding the staminal cup on its outer distal face.) Filaments

filiform, 8—9°S5 mm long (fig. 1 Aa), scarcely dilated toward the base; in subsp. distans + ligulate

in lower part, 2°5—3 mm long (fig. 1 B a) and broadened at the base. Cupula ca 1-5:mm high, only

basally attached to the tepals, margin irregularly fringed and long ciliate with straight, up to 3:3

mm long, septate hairs fasciculately arising outside and somewhat continued on the filaments

when young; pseudostaminodes lacking. (In subsp. distans the marginal hairs shorter, ca 1:4 mm

long but more copious and less distinctly fasciculate.) Anthers pale yellow, 1-5—1°8 x 0:2 mm (fig.

1 Aa). Ovary subsessile obovoid, ca2 x 1:2 mm, comosely hairy on the + attenuate apex, the hairs

distinctly articulate to 2°4 mm long and somewhat continued on the style; in subsp. distans the

ovary large (ca 2°5 x 1:8 mm), roundish at the apex and shortly pubescent in

upper half by simple hairlets 0:2—0°3 mm long. Style (fig. 1 A b) slightly eccentrical ca 7:5 mm long

and 0:1 mm diam. in the middle; the stigma inconspicuous. (In subsp. distans (fig. 1 B b) the style

1°3—2°2 mm long; the stigma conspicuous, capitate-papillose, in both subspecies + level with the

anthers.) (Fig. 1. Map 1)

Coox District: Thursday Island, Jun 1897, F 4, Bailey s.n. (BRI); Newcastle Bay, 4 km S of Somerset, 20 m alt., May

1948, 1, J. Brass 18699 (CANB, K); Badu Island, Torres Strait, alt. 250 m, Dec 1976, FE. Cameron 2591 (QRS); Thursday

Island, 1891-1893, G, Podenzana s.n. (BM); Goode Island, in 1882, Powell 14 (MEL). NortH Kennepy: Cape River, no

date, E. Bowmans.n, (NSW); Rockingham Bay, no date, J. Da/lachy 15241 (BM, K, MEL); Rockingham Bay, no date, F

Mueller s.n. (BM, BRI, L, MEL, P, 5); Bullock Creek, Etheridge Railway, Feb 1922, C. 1 White 1427 (BRI, NSW),

Ptilotus distans subsp. capensis preferably occupies open sandy headlands and disturbed

grassland behind beaches; subsp. distans has also been recorded from lateritic soil along roadside

and cleared areas in open eucalypt communities or mixed low forest.

Accepted September 1982,

2mm

Sane

husy | Fe

tee

“I

Fig. 1. Pii/otus distans (R.Br.) Poir. A, subsp. capensis Benl. (a) Androecium spread open, outer face; (b) Gynoecium. B.

subsp, disfans. (a) Androecium cut open, outer view; (b) Gynoecium.

a hs

ie ee D loa

¥ Qt <¢

Fy SB Oo

O*~o Oo

ian)

ap)

4b)

% =

S, ays

S hh

oO var

nat aa

al &

i g ©

e ag)

So ai

ee e

e ? c

6 ,

be c

_—

®,0 oO ‘@)

e z

_——

——=—

———oo

—— =

Map 1. Distribution of Prilotus distans.

* subsp. distans

* subsp. capensis. 1—Thursday Is.; 2—Goode Is.; 3—- Badu Is,; 4— Newcastle Bay; 5— Rockingham Bay; 6— Bullock

Creek; 7 —Cape River.

Austrobaileya 2({) 21 — 24 (1984)

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN GRASSES : 1.

by B. K. Simon

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

New taxa are: Cenchrus elymoides F. Muell. var. brevisefosus, Lolium Xhubbardii and Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth

var. minor, New combinations are Ischaemum australe R.Br.var. arundinaceum based on f, arundinaceum F.Mueli ex

Benth., Panicum effusum R.Br. var. simile based on P. sintile Domin, Sefaria gracilis Kunth var. pauciseta based on &.

geniculata (Lam.) P.Beauv. var. pauciseta Desv., S. puniiia (Poiret) Roemer & Schultes subsp. pafiide-fusca based on

Panicum pallide-fuscum Schumach and Whiteochloag cymbiforme based on Panicum cymbiformis Hughes. Panicum

chilligoense Dominis asynonym of P. seminudum Domin var. cairnsianum Domin.

Cenchrus elymoides F. Muell. var. brevisetosus B. K. Simon, varietas nova varietate typica setis

brevioribus multis (circa 4 longitudinem intimis involucri) et vix visibilibus, praeter unum

setam longum, differt. Typus: Queensland Cook District: Cape York, Daemel {MEL sub

MEL 604905, holotypus, photo in BRD).

Thetwo syntypes of Cenchrus elymoides F. Muell. represent two different taxa, one of which

has an outer involucre of distinct bristles which are longer than or as long as the inner involucre and

the other with the outer bristles about as one third'the length of the inner involucre and hardly

visible. In both entities there is one bristle which is much stouter and longer than the others and

protrudes for some distance beyond the spikelet apex. The type description agrees more closely

with the form with distinct bristles and for this reason I select Mueller’s specimen as the lectotype of

the type variety.

Cenchrus elymoides F. Muell, var. elymoides in Fragm. 8: 107 (1873). Typus: Western

Australia— Mueller District: Sturts Creek, Mueller (MEL sub MEL 604906, lectotypus,

photo in BRI),

Pennisetum elymoides (F. Muell.) Gardner, Fl. West. Aust. 1: 277 (1952).

I disagree with the placing of this species under Pennisetum by Gardner as the involucral

bristles are fused to some degree at the base and the inner bristles are flat and collectively almost

burr like. Pennisetum is generally distinguished from Cenchrus by having fine, thread-like bristles

free to the base of the involucre.

Ischaemum australe R.Br. var. arundinaceum (F. Muell. ex Benth.) B. K. Simon, stat. et comb.

nov.

Ichaemum arundinaceum F. Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 519 (1878).

The only characters by which Ischaemum arundinaceum differ from f. australe are the

glabrous nodes and slightly more robust spikelets. [ consider these are hardly adequate to maintain

the rank of species for the two taxa. /. friticeum R.Br. has a similar inflorescence to that of

I, australe var. arundinaceum but the broader leaves and the decumbent habit warrant maintaining

the rank of species for this entity.

Lolium Xhubbardii Jansen & Wachter ex B. K. Simon, species nova, hybrida inter L. mu/tiflorum

Lam. et L. rigidum Gaudin, affinis L. rigido Gaudin sed lemmatum aristis longioribus quam 5mm

differt. Typus: Queensland—Cook District: Cairns, 29 Sep 1937, Flecker in N.Q.N.C. 3907 (BRI,

holotypus; QRS, isotypus).

The name of this hybrid was invalidly published by Jansen & Wachter (Jansen, 195!) as there

was no Latin description or diagnosis, required by the /nternational Code of Botanical

Nomenclature (1978) after 1 Jan 1935 (Article 32.1). Also as a nomenclatural type is required by

the Code after 1 Jan 1958 (Article 37.1) an Australian specimen cited by Kloot (1983) is selected.

Panicum effusum R.Br. var. simile (Domin) B. K. Simon, stat. et comb. nov.

Panicum simile Domin, Bibl. Bot. 85: 322 (1915).

Panicum bicolor R.Br., Prodr. 191 (1810) non Moench. (1794).

Panicum fulgidum Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. 323 (1923).

Panicum bisulcatum S.T, Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld 59: 158 (1948).

The only character I know of by which Panicum simile Domin and P. effusum R.Br. differ

from each other is the degree of hairiness of the nodes and culm base, hardly a good character by

itself to be used for recognition of the entities at the rank of species.

Panicum seminudum Domin var. cairnsianum Domin, Bibl. Bot. 85: 320 (1915).

Panicum chillagoensis Domin, Bibl. Bot. 85: 324 (1915), synon. nov.

Examination of type specimens from PR of Panicum seminudum, P. seminudum vat. cairn-

sianum and P. chillagoensis revealed that the name of the second specimen was worth retaining for

a hairy form of P. seminudum and that the third specimen was in fact the same entity.

Setaria gracilis Kunth var. pauciseta (Desv.) B. K. Simon, stat. et comb. nov.

Setaria geniculata P, Beauv, var, pauciseta Desv., Fl. Chil. 6:248 (1853).

A new name is required for the short awned form of the typical species, the correct name of

which was established by Kerguelen (1977).

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & Schultes subsp. pallide-fusea (Schumach.) B. K. Simon, stat. &

comb. nov.

Panicum pallide-fuscum Schumach., Beskr, Guin. Pl. 58 (1827).

Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & Hubbard, Bull. Misc. Inform. 259 (1930).

Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. var. pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Koyama, J. Jap. Bot. 37: 237

(1962).

Clayton (Clayton & Renvoize, 1982) placed Setaria pailide-fusca into synonymy with S.

pumila on the basis of his previous work (Clayton, 1979), with a footnote that “there may be a case

for distinguishing between tropical and Mediterranean populations at infraspecific level”. His

histogram of spikelet lengths of the Australian material of the S. pumila complex (Clayton, 1979)

gives the impression that there is a continuous range in spikelet length over the range given

separately for both the European population of S. pumila sens. strict. and the tropical African

population of S. pailide-fusca, This is erroneous as both entities can be recognised as being distinct

in Australia on the basis of spikelet length and consequently I have selected the subspecies rank to

reflect their original geographical distribution.

Sporobolus virginicus Kunth var. minor Bailey ex B. K. Simon, varietas nova varietate typica

laminis foliorum | mm latis vel minus quam differt. Typus: New South Wales—Central Coast:

Cape Solander, Botany Bay, Mar 1961, E. E Constable in NSW 55195 (BRI, holotypus; NSW,

isotypus).

In my opinion the publication of the name of this variety (Bailey, 1896) is not valid. According

to Article 32.1 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (1978) the “name of a taxon

must be accompanied by a description or a diagnosis of the taxon . . .”. Bailey’s treatment of the

variety is extremely brief and only the phrases “a smaller form” and “often further from the coast”

are used to distinguish it from the type variety. These can hardly qualify as an adequate description

or even diagnosis; the essential differences of the new variety from the type variety is the very

narrow leaf-blade, 1 mm or less, compared to a width of greater than 1 mm..

Whiteochloa cymbiformis (Hughes) B. K. Simon, comb. nov,

Panicum cymbiforme Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. 323 (1923).

Lazarides (1978) mentioned the fact that this species has “a number of features intermediate

between Panicum and Whiteoch/oa, indicating a possible need for transfer to the latter”. However,

an examination of his table giving the diagnostic characters of these two genera shows it to agree

with the characters given for Whiteoch/oa in all of the eight characters listed.

Acknowledgements

I extend my thanks to the Directors of MEL and PR for the loan of type material.

References

BAILEY, F. M, (1896). Contributions to the Queensland Flora. Botany Bulletin No. XIE. Department of Agriculture,

Brisbane.

CLAYTON, W. D. (1979). Notes on Sefaria (Gramineae) Kew Bulletin 501 —S09.

CLAYTON, W. D. & RENVOIZE, S. A. (1982). Gramineae 3. In Polhill, R. M. (ed.}, Flora of Tropical East Africa,

JANSEN, P. (1951). Flora Neerlandica 1(2) Gramineae. Koninklijke Nederlandsche BotanischeVereeniging, Amsterdam.

KERGUELEN, M. (1977). Notes agrostologiques, Il. Bulletin Societe Botanique de France 124: 337-349.

KLOOT, P.M, (1983). The genus Leffum in Australia, Australian Journal of Botany 31: 421-435,

LAZARIDES, M. (1970). The genus Whiteochioa C. E, Hubbard (Poaceae, Paniceae}. Brunonia 1: 69-93,

Accepted Novernber 1983,

Austrobaileya 2(1) 25 — 26 (1984)

A NEW SPECIES OF MA CARTHURIA (AIZOACEAE) FROM

SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND

by E. M. Ross

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

A new species of Macarthuria, M. complanata is described and notes on distinguishing features are given.

In the course of preparing the treatment of the family Aizoaceae for the Flora of South-

eastern Queensland, it became obvious that an undescribed species of Macarthuria Huegel ex

Endl. occurred in the region.

Macarthuria complanata E. Ross, species nova affinis M. ephedroidis C. White sed caulibus com-

planatis et alatis, floribus majoribus et fere sessilibus differt. Typus: High dunes west of

Noosa Heads (west of Banksia Av.), 13 Dec 1980, G. N. Batianoff 1501 & Judith

Batianoff (holotypus BRI, isotypis K, CANB).

Herba vel frutex parvus, glaber, basin versus lignosus; caules effusi vel ascendentes, complanati et alati plerumque

costa prominente et margine incrassata tuberculata, usque ad ca 45 cm longi. Folia basi caduca, obovata, mucronata,

lamina basi sensim in petiolum attenuata, 1-2—2-5 cm x 0-4—0-7 cm, petiolus ad 1 cm longus; folia caulina bractas

subulatas ad 2 mm longas diminuta, Flores albidi, singulares vel 2—3 simul ad nodum, a bractea et bracteolis subtenti,

pedicelli 0-5— 1 mm longi; sepala acuminata, 3:5—4-5 mm longa; petala nulla; stamina 8, filamentis basi connatis, ovarium

triloculare imperfecte, ovulum in queque loculo solitarum, styli 3. Capsula ovoidea, ca 3 mm longa; semina anthracina,

plus minusve striata dorsaliter, 2 mm longa.

Glabrous, woody-based herb or subshrub, stems spreading or ascending, flattened and wing-

ed usually with raised midrib and thickened, tuberculate margins, up to about 45 cm long. Basal

leaves caducous, obovate mucronate, base attenuate, 1:2—2°5 cm x 0°4 —0°7 cm, petiole up to 1

cm long; cauline leaves reduced to subulate bracts up to 2mm long. Flowers white, solitary or 2—3

together at a node, subtended by a bract and bracteoles, pedicels 0-S—1 mm long; sepals

acuminate, 3°-5—4°5 mm long; petals absent; stamens 8, filaments basally connate; ovary imper-

fectly trilocylar, ovules 1 per loculus, styles 3. Capsules ovoid, ca 3 mm long; seeds shiny black,

slightly longtudinally ridged along the side furthest from the hilum, 2mm long, patterned. Fig. 1.

WIDE BAY DISTRICT: Cooloola, near Noosa, near King’s Bore Road about 0:4 km E of Teewah Ck, 17 Dec 1971, A. G.

Hrarroids.n.; Noosa, 14 Dec 1965, A. G. Harro/ds.n.; Behind Sunshine Beach, approx. 1-6km 5S of Noosa Heads, Oct 1968,

B. Lebler & P. Baxter s.n.; Sunshine Beach about 3:2 km 8 of Noosa Heads, 3 Oct 1968, PB Baxter & B. Lebler 1142.

This species has been collected from coastal areas north of Brisbane mainly from the Noosa

and Sunshine Beach areas in sandy heath with one collection from the Cooloola area near King’s

Bore Road in dry shrubby woodland on sand. It is apparently more common in disturbed or

regrowth areas. It flowers between October and January.

This species is similar to M. ephedroides C. White but the stems are more flattened and wing-

ed, particularly in young plants. The flowers are larger and the sepals very acuminate, the flowers

of M. ephedroides being ca 2:5 mm long, on pedicels 1—4 mm long and the sepals acute to blunt.

The seeds of M. complanata, have a pattern like that of crocodile skin whereas the seeds of M.

ephedroides are tuberculate. M. complanata differs from M. neocambrica F. Muell. in having flat-

tened stems with axillary, usually solitary flowers whereas M. neocambrica has a terminal cymose

inflorescence.

Accepted May 1983,

Austrobaileya 2(1) 27 (1984)

A NEW SPECIES OF HIBBERTIA (DILLENIACEAE) FROM

SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND

by T. D. Stanley

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

A new species Hibbertia monticoia from south-eastern Queensland is described.

During the preparation of the treatment of Dilleniaceae published in Flora of South-eastern

Queensland an undescribed species of Hibbertia was recognized. This species is described in this

paper.

Hibbertia monticola Stanley, species nova affinis H. linearis R.Br. ex DC. et H. obtusifoliae DC.

et specierum cognatorum, sepalarum marginibus albe ciliatis facile distinguitur.

Frutux ramosissimus ad 1°5 m altus. Caulis erectus. Folia petiolata exstipulata; lamina elliptica vel obovata, 1‘4—Scm

longa et 2°5~12 mm lata, apice obtusa, basi angustata, plerumque arachnoidea secus costam supra. Petiolus 2—6 mm

longus, supra arachnoideus. Flores singulares; sepala 7—8 mm longa, ad marginem ciliata; petala6— 12mm longa; stamina

numerosa; carpela 3, glabra. Typus: Moreton District: Mt Ernest, 10 Oct 1932, C. 7. White 8580 (BRI 010446 holotypus,

BRI 010445 isotypus).

Erect shrub up to 1:5 m tall. leaves petiolate, exstipulate; leaf blades elliptic to obovate, 1:5—5

cm 2°5—12mm, apex obtuse, base narrowed to petiole, margin recurved, mostly with thin, white,

loosely intertwined hairs along midrib above, glabrous below. Petioles 2—6 mm long, with thin

white loosely intertwined hairs. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, sessile; sepals 7-8 mm long,

apiculate, conspicuously white ciliate along margins; petals yellow, 6-12 mm long; stamens

numerous, surrounding the carpels; carpels 3, glabrous.

MORETON DISTRICT: Slopes of Mt Barney, 27 Aug 1931, C. 7. White 7853 (BRI); Mt Ernest, 10 Oct 1932, C. T. White

8580 (BRI, holotype, isotype); Mt Ernest, 9 Oct 1932, S. 7: Blake 4365 (BRI); Mt Barney, 13 Oct 1935, S. L. Everis? 1370

(BRD; Mt Maroon, 19 Sep 1948, 8. 7. Blake 18242 (BRI); Mt Maroon, 10 Mar 1962, 8. L. Everist 7066 (BRI); Rocky Ck,

eastern face of Mt Barney, 12 Sep 1970, L. S. Smith s.n. (BRI).

Hibbertia monticola is known only from Mt Barney, Mt Ernest and Mt Maroon at altitudes

above 400 m. It is usually found in rock crevices or on rocky slopes. This species is related to the H.

linearis R.Br. ex DC —H. obtusifolia DC. group but is easily separated by the white ciliate margins

of the sepals.

Accepted May 1983.

Austrebaileya 2(1) 29 — 64 (1984)

NOTES ON SAPINDACEAE, III

by S.T. Reynolds

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

The genera Cardiospermum (2 naturalised species), Alfophylus (1 species}, Castanospora (1 species), Ganophyllum

{1 species), Lepisanthes (1 species}, Guiog (6 species), RAysofoechia (4 species), Cupaniopsis (10 species), Distichostemon

{6 species) and Sarcopteryx (5 species) are dealt with. All taxa are described and keys to the species in each genus provided.

Cupaniopsis fleckeri, C. newmanii, Distrchostemon ambhemicus, D. barklyanus, D. hispidulus var. aridus, Sarcopteryx

acuminata, S. montana and S, reticulata are described as new. Cupaniopsis tomentella is a new combination based on

Cupania tomentella F. Mucll. ex Benth. (syn. Cupantopsis serrata (F. Muell.} Radlk. var. tomentefla (F. Muell. ex Benth.)

Radlk.). Distichostemon hispidulus var, phyllopterus is a new combination based on D. phyflopterus F. Muell,

Contents

CAT SPIEL TIA TIETE Ee ancaceingen gaa sg at verb Meola aided cea’ ME La EAL Aabesbhasan Kedar herhperneeseadia dt eidtesbanecnves 30

PUM NGS Fo des saacvexa ve vesbeasen denver sd aia bddon evensasdud deadevwus tidisbadserse gabon lagndaedsibyasoaleeea 31

Cran pe yey, IIE oh ssavisidccaesce wes sealed dunce yond ve ealdads op ws Sabha ba eee sod bern ped peeneds caqqgaqertecaent td 32

CastancspOrd Fe MRO vais sec tocibaceadasadeveteciededddtertiveha cegccdd tun entesbbadeededeens inerpacied ane 34

Lepisanthes Blume ........0....cccecec cence ee 35

CUTE LEYS a ctw tthes cathe Sec atevn bas obladé buizetnb baila Sidvamaehtanssdawedd squvagbadloveawecdgucee bpp bbeaegatenyer 36

RAVSORGCCH Ia RIE assess saeres has paadca saewrenab ba slaida dusryn voballea dade d tia bhaBe baled AoA aw eh Penn bala te rede 4]

CUP ETTOISTS QTR, og dso cnon a4nzepticeags sengdadesececagawsbandsnadaeden revorsened daaduarmereatneadaheawereboba 44

BAaricppberys ROGNC cocc. cssanerieaaseldectevan nga deadergtueveatallerstazsveceseaieabeade bajajehuss aaa latniweheus 53

Distichostemon £2 Muell. oo... ..ccccceee ccc cenede ee eeeeebeceen eee etaeebesenceeseeensueeea set hcepenies rasan 7 57

CARDIOSPERUM

Cardiospermum L., Sp. P]. 366 (1755). Type species: C. halicacabum L.

Corindum Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754). Type: C. halicacabum L,

Climbing herbaceous annuals from perennial rootstock; stems deeply sulcate usually with

yellow ribs; petioles, rachises and peduncles also ribbed; indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves

biternate; leaflets mostly deeply inciso-pinnatifid, or irregularly serrate. Inflorescences axillary,

mostly thyrsoid, long peduncled with 1 or 2 pairs of circinnate tendrils at the tips of primary

peduncles, ultimate branches bearing bracteated cincinnate racemes or contracted cirrosed

cymules towards their tips. Flowers unisexual, zygomorphic; pedicellate; sepals 4 or 5, free, un-

equal, paired, outer pair smaller, broadly ovate, flat, inner ones elliptic, concave; petals 4, paired,

obovate with cucullate crested or crestless scales; disc unilateral, 4—lobed, 2 inferior ones usually

obsolete; stamens 6—8, unilateral, grouped opposite disc; ovaries 3-- celled with solitary ovule in

each cell; styles short; stigmas with 3 linear lobes. Capsules stalked, subglobose, ellipsoid, or tur-

binate, inflated; valves membranous, veined; seeds globose, smooth, black, with small, aril at

base.

12—20 species, mainly tropical, chiefly America: two naturalised in Australia.

Plants densely hairy. Flowers 8 — 12 mm long. Capsules 4 — 8 cm long, ellipsoid. Leaves

7-5—16°5 cm long. Inflorescences corymbifOrm ...............ccceeee ren eeeeee 1. C. grandilorum

Plants puberulent or subglabrous. Flowers to 4 mm long. Capsules 1--3 cm long,

subglobose or turbinate. Leaves 4—8°5 cm long. Inflorescences with 3 (or 4)

ultimate branches clustered on a short stalk ........... ccc secs ceceseueeeneeeeeneens 2. C. halicacabum

1, Cardiospermum grandiftorum Swartz, Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 64 (1788); Radlk., Pflanzenr., Heft

98b: 372 (1932); C. D, Adams, Flow. Plts Jamaica, 438 (1972). Type: Jamaica (not seen).

C. hirsutum Willd., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1):467 (1799). Type: Guinea (not seen).

C, elegans Kunth in H. B. & K., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 5:99, t.439 (1822). Type: South America

(not seen).

C. grandiflorum forma hirsutum (Willd.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 8:260 (1878),

based on C. hirsutum Willd.

C. grandifiorum forma elegans (Kunth) Radlk., 1.c. (1878) based on C. elegans Kunth.

Vine with stem, petioles, rachises and peduncles densely or sparsely rusty-brown hirsute with

+ crispate hairs. Leaves with petiole 8-5—24 cm long; petioles 1-6--5 cm, terete; rachises 1:5—3:5

cm long; pinnae 3:5— 10:5 x 2°5—12°5 cm; secondary petioles 0-6—1-5 cm; pinnules oblong-ovate

or elliptic-ovate, acute or acuminate at tips, margins often irregularly serrate, bases acute, or pin-

nules abruptly narrowing and decurrent into petiolules, 2°5—8 x 1:3—5 cm, puberulent or lower

surfaces pubescent; thinly coriaceous; terminal petiolules 4—6 mm, lateral ones subsessile.

Panicles corymbiform, 2:5—5:5 cm long and as wide, primary peduncles 5:5— 14:5 cm long witha

pair of recurved tendrils at base of panicles, secondary peduncles to 1 cm long bearing numerous

subulate or scale-like bracts and about 7 flowers in cincinnate racemes at their tips. Flowers white

8—12 mm long; pedicels 5 mm long; outer sepals 2 x 2mm, inner ones 8'5 x 8 mm; petals 9-11 x

4:5—5 mm, glabrous, scales with crests forming an erect lobe; scales oblong, cucullate, recurved;

crests broad truncate; disc with 2 corniform erect lobes: filaments 3—6 mm long, glabrous; ovaries

pubescent. Capsules ellipsoid to subovoid, 4-8 x 3—4°5 cm, 6-ribbed, puberulent; seeds 7 x 7

mm; aril white, patelliform. Fig. 1 EF, F, G.

Native of tropical America, naturalised in central and southern Queensland; usually along

river banks.

Queensland. LEIcHHARDT District: Emerald, Jun 1964, Bisset E373. Wipe Bay District: Gympie district, Dec 1956,

Thoroughgood. Burnett District: Bank of Burneit River at Gayndah, Jul 1970, Durrington 111, Moreton District: River-

view, 15 km E of Ipswich, Apr 1976, Pedfey 4273; Wivenhoe Bridge over Brisbane River, 16 km south of Esk, May 1973,

Sharpe 477; Numinbah Valley via Nerang, Jun 1960, Marshall,

Common name: Heart-seed Vine.

2. Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 366 (1753); Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:453 (1863); F. M.

Bailey, Qd FI. 1:286 (1899); Radlk., Pflanzenr., Heft 98b:379, t.8 (1932). Type: East Indies

(not seen).

C. microcarpum Kunth in H. B. & K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 5:104 (1821); C. D. Adams, Flow.

Plts Jamaica, 438 (1972). Type: Province of Orinoco, South America (not seen),

Slender vines with stems, petioles, rachises and peduncles usually sparsely hairy with pale

curved hairs. Leaves with petioles 6— 14 cm long: petioles 1-4—5-5 cm; rachises 1 —2°5 cm; rachises

and petioles often narrowly winged; pinnae 2‘5—6°5 x 2—7 cm; secondary petioles 0:5—1 cm; pin-

nules ovate-oblong, apices acuminate or acute, margins irregularly dentate or deeply inciso-

pinnatifid, bases attenuate, decurrent into petiolules, 1-5—3-5 x 0-7—1°8 cm, puberulent especial-

ly on the veins or glabrous; terminal petiolules 5—7 mm long, laterals 24 mm. Inflorescences

complex, with 3 (or 4) ultimate branches clustered on a short stalk (stalks 4—6 mm long); branches

0:5—2°5 cm long bearing densely bracteated contracted cincinnate racemes or cirrosed cymules at

their tips, abortively 3—5—flowered; primary peduncles 2:5—14 cm long with 1 or 2 pairs of ten-

drils. Flowers white, 4mm diam.; pedicels 2—3 mm long; outer sepals 1— 1:5 mm long and as wide;

inner ones 3--4 x 1:5—2 mm; petals 3 x 1:5 mm, only posterior pair with scales and crests: scales

oblong, cucullate, puberulent; crests obovate; disc small, tumid; filaments to 2°5 mm long, pilose;

ovaries pubescent. Capsules subglobose or turbinate, 1—3 cm long and in diam.; pubescent or

puberulent; seeds 3—5 mm diam. with small, white, 2—lobed aril.

Common, usually as a weed in warm countries.

Two varieties in Australia: —

Capsules subglobose, 2:53 cm long and diam.; seeds with small cordate aril. Leaves

with petiole 6°5—14 cm JONg 0.0... ccc cecec esse ecareeeeeeesenenenceeseeeneenenenes var. halicacabum

Capsules turbinate, to 1 x 2 cm; seeds with small, broadly 2—lobed aril. Leaves with

Petlole G—B'S CM LOT. peter pe ceneensaeessddssteedanheiscepedidee beedenevesncnen eases var. microcarpum

2a. Cardiospermum halicacabum var. halicacabum

Queensland and Northern Territory, usually as a weed in gardens.

Northern Territory. Near Wavehil! P.S., Jun 1949, Perry 2243. Queensland. Coox Districr: Mitchell R. Mission near

mouth of Mitchell River, WAitehouse. Burke District: Flinders River, Aug 1916, Wife; Bundoan, S of Nonda, Jun 1947,

Everist 3019. NortH Kennepy District: Kelsey Creek, near Proserpine, Michae/. Port Curtis District: Queen’s Park,

Rockhampton, Mar 1920, Francis. Wink Bay District: Bundaberg, Shirfey. Burnett District: Philpott Creek, Mundub-

berra, Jun 1942, Miller.

2b. Cardiospermum halicacabum var. microcarpum (Kunth) Blume, Rumphia 3:185, (1847);

Radlk., Pflanzenr., Heft 98b:387 (1932). Based on C. microcarpum Kunthin H. B. &K.,

Nov. Gen. & Sp. PI. 5:104 (1821). Type: Province of Orinoco, South America (not seen).

C. truncatum A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1:101 (1847), Type: Ethiopia (not seen).

Queensland. Burnett District: Barambah Creek, approx. 65 km NE of Gayndah, Jun 1970, Lebler & Durrington 30.

ALLOPHYLUS

Allophylus L., Fl. Zeyl. 58, n 140 (1747) & Sp. Pl. 348 (1753); Radlk., Pflanzenr. Heft. 98b:455

(1932); Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2:133 (1965); Leenh., Blumea 15(2):301 —358 (1967).

Type: A. zeylanicus L. .

Schmidelia L., Mant. 1:10, 67 (1767); Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:455 (1863); F. M. Bailey, Qd FI.

1:288 (1899). Type: S. racemosa L.

Aporetica J. R. &J.G. Forster, Char, Gen, Pl. 131, t.66 (1776). Type: A. ternataJ.R.& J.G.

Forster.

Erect or subscandent shrubs; indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves palmately 1—5—foliolate,

mostly trifoliolate; leaflets with serrate to subentire margins. Inflorescences axillary, usually

solitary in each axil, thysoid, spiciform with fascicles of flowers, rarely branched. Flowers small,

irregular, unisexual; pedicellate; sepals 4, paired, broadly imbricate, unequal, outer pair smaller;

elliptic to suborbicular, concave; petals 4, unilateral, long clawed; scales 2—lobed, reflexed,

crestless; disc unilateral, either 4—lobed or with 2—4 glands; stamens excentric, opposite disc;

ovaries deeply 2—(or 3—) lobed, segments 1—celled, 1—ovuled; styles filiform; stigmas 2--lobed.

Fruits mostly 1—lobed with aborted lobes towards base, coccus indehiscent, drupaceous or almost

dry; seeds obovoid, exarillate.

Only one extremely variable species which has been described under many different names,

(Backer & Bakh. f. Zc. 1965 & Leenhouts /.c, 1967). Tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, New

Guinea and northern Australia.

Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeuschel, Nomencl. ed. 3, 108 (1797); Radlk., l.c. 594 (1932); Leenh., l.c.

322 (1967). Based on Rhus cobbe L., Sp. Pl. 1:267 (1753). Type: Ceylon (not seen).

Small scandent shrubs; young parts and peduncles pubescent; branchlets pubescent or

puberulent with very short usually antrorse hairs; lenticellate. Leaves trifoliolate; petioles 2°5—7°5

cm long, terete or semiterete, pubescent or glabrous; pinnae ovate, elliptic or elliptic-ovate,

subrhomboidal or obovate, apices acute, acuminate or obtuse, margins irregularly crenulate or

serrulate, subentire or entire, bases truncate, rounded, obtuse, or cuneate and decurrent, lateral

leaflets often with oblique bases, 4—13-5 x 2~7°5 cm, glabrous or puberulent especially on the

nerves, semicoriaceous, usually with minute dots; lateral nerves 7—10 pairs, subpatent, slender,

mostly with hairy tufts in their axils below; petiolules 1—10 mm long (terminal one the longest),

bisulcate, pubescent, Panicles 1:‘5—13-5 cm long, spiciform, usually with scattered clusters of

2—7-—flowered subsessile cymules. Flowers about 2°5 mm diam., greenish white; pedicels 1—2 mm

long; sepals 1-2 «x 0°5—1:5 mm, elliptic to suborbicular, concave, membranous, gland-dotted,

ciliolate, puberulent or glabrous; petals 1°5—2 x 0°5 mm, spathulate with long tubular claw,

emarginate or dentate at apex, glabrous except scale; filaments 1—2 mm long, filiform,

subglabrous, exerted; ovaries 2—lobed, lobes suborbicular, villous; Fruits S-6 x 4—5 mm,

subglobose to ellipsoid, bright red, + glabrous. Fig. 1 A, B, C, D.

Northern Queensland and Northern Territory, edge of mangroves along sea shores, or on

sandstone hills.

Northern Territory. East Point (12°25'S, 130°S0'E), Feb 1974, Must 1184; Buffalo Creek, Darwin, Feb 1971, Byrnes 2063.

Queensland, Coox District: Saibai (9°30'S, 142°40'E), Jul £973, Stocker 1408; Port Douglas, Jan 1932, Brass 1913; Dain-

tree near McDowell’s Crossing, Nov 1973, Dockrif! 792. NortH KENNEDY District: Portion 39, Parish of Meunga about 4

km N of Cardwell, Jan 1975, Thorsborne,

GANOPHYLLUM

Ganophyllum Blume, Mus. Bot. Lug.-Bat. 1:230 (1850). Type: G, faicatum Blume

Trees; branchlets, leaves and peduncles resinous with fine peltate scales, glabrous. Leaves

paripinnate; pinnae alternate, subfalcate, entire; shortly petiolulate. Inflorescences in upper axils,

thyrsoid, paniculate or racemiform, polygamo-dioecious. Flowers small, regular; pedicellate;

calyces cupular, 5(—7)—toothed, lobes ovate, subvalvate, coriaceous; petals absent; disc regular;

stamens 5(—7), glabrous; ovaries sesssile, 2—locular with 2 ovules in each cell; styles short, stigmas

2—fid. Fruits drupaceous, small, 1—celled, 1—or 2—seeded; seeds exarillate; testa thinly crust-

aceous; embryo pale green.

One species, tropical West Africa, Andaman Island, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, New

Guinea and Australia.

Ganophyllum falcatum Blume, I.c. 230 (1850); F. Muell., Fragm. 7:24 (1869); F. M. Bailey, Qd FI.

1:225 (1899). Type: New Guinea (not seen).

Trees to 32 m; bark coarse, flakey; branchlets angular, resinous towards tip, lenticellate.

Leaves with petiole (18—)24—44 cm long, with 5—10 leaflets on each side of rachis; petioles

4°5—6°5 cm long, subterete, + grooved above, pulvinate and broad at base; rachises

Fig. 1. AHophyius cobbe: A. fruiting branchlets (x 14). B. petal (x 12). C. outer sepal (x 6).D, inner sepal (x 6).Car-

diospermum grandifiorum: E. flower (x 1). F. fruits (x 4). G. seed (x 1). Ganophylium falcatum, H. flawer (x 6). I.

leaflets (x %). J. fruits (x 1). Castanospora aiphandt: K. petal (x 12). L. sepal (x 6). M. fruit(* %).N. seed (x A).

(5—)12—19(—25) cm, subterete, broadly channelled above, resinous scaly; pinnae obliquely ovate

to ovate oblong, subfalcate, attenuate or shortly and obtusely acuminate or subcaudate at apices,

margins entire, bases oblique (subtruncate and rounded in upper half, acute in lower) narrowing

into petiolules, 2°8—9°5(—15) x 1:3—5(—7) cm, coriaceous, pellucid punctate, shiny above and

finely and minutely white resinous scaly; midrib excentric; lateral nerves subpatent, looping away

from margins; petiolules 3—4 mm. Inflorescences solitary; male panicles 10-28 x 4-5—18+5 cm,

copiously flowered; females 10O—24 x 3—9 cm; bracts small, ovate, glabrous. Flowers whitish,

about 3:5 mm diam.; pedicels to 2 mm long; calyces 3:5 x 2mm, lobes 1:2 * 1 mm, puberulent

inside, glabrous outside; resin-dotted; disc small, puberulent; filaments exserted, to 3:5 mm long,

filiform; anthers ellipsoid, to 1 mm long; ovaries ovoid. Drupes red, 1:°2—1:5 x 0-6—0°8 cm,

ellipsoid-ovoid, acute, apiculate (residual style), glabrous.

Mostly in northern Australia extending to as far as Central Queensland, chiefly coastal and

quite common on the offshore islands. In moonsoon forests and edge of mangrove swamps. Fig.

1H, 1,5.

Philippines: Province of Bulacan, Luzon, Dec 1914, Ramos. New Guinea, NortHERN District: Near Koreaf village, Tufi

sub-district, Oct 1954, Hoogiand 4839, CENTRAL District: Kubuna, Nov 1933, Brass 5619; Brown River Forest Reserve

(9°15'S, 147°20'E), Jan 1960, McDonald (NGF 9233). Morope District: Nadzab area, Dec 1944, Smith (NGF 1167).

WESTERN District: Gaima, Lower Fly River, east bank, Nov 1936, Brass 8336, Australia, Western Australia: S.E. of Cape

Londonberry, N. Kimberley (+ 13°53’S, 127°04'E), Aug 1975, George 13350; Mitchell Plateau, N.W. Kimberley (14°40'S,

125°45'E), Feb 1974, Kenneally 7100. Northern Territory: Melville Island, May 1966, Stocker; East Point, Darwin, Dec

1968, Byrnes 286. Queensland: Cook District: Thursday Island, in 1962, Webb & Tracey 7886; Iron Range, Jul 1972,

Hyland 2591; Lizard Island, May 1975, Byrnes 3256; Two Isles, Sep 1973, Stoddart 4621; Little Mulgrave (17°05'S,

145°40'F), Dec 1976, Hyland 9259; Yarrabah, Michael. NoRTH KENNEDY District: Jarra Creek near Tully, Sep 1950, Webb

2359; Palm Island, Bancroft; Conway State Forest, between Airlie and Shute Harbour, Jun 1965, Smith & Tracey 7614.

SOUTH Kenneby District: R. 60 Ossa, Cape Hillsborough, May 1975, Hy/and 8225. Port Curtis District: Eurumbula

Holding between Eurumbula and Middle Creeks, E of Miriam Vale, Dec 1970, Webb & Tracey 10350.

CASTANOSPORA

Castanospora F. Muell., Fragm. 9:92 (1875). Type: C. aiphandi (F. Muell.) F. Muell., based on

Ratonia alphandi ¥. Muell.

Trees; branchlets densely hairy; indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves long petiolate, paripin-

nate; leaflets alternate or subopposite, entire; petiolules long pulvinate. Inflorescences axillary,

thyrsiform panicles with divaricate branches; bracteate. Flowers regular, small, unisexual and

probably monoecious; calyces shortly cupuliform, 5—partite, lobes ovate, subvalvate; petals 5,

shortly clawed, with 2 crestless scales inside; disc cupular; stamens 8, filaments densely villous;

ovaries 2—locular, ovules solitary in each cell; style short, stigma 2—lobed. Fruits large,

drupaceous, 2—celled, septa thin or none; pericarp fleshy, rugose, + crustaceous, indehiscent;

seeds large, chestnut-like, exarillate.

One species endemic to warmer parts of Eastern Australia.

Castanospora alphandi (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Fragm. 9:92 (1875); F. M. Bailey, Qd FI. 1:287

(1899); Francis, Aust, Rain-For. trees, ed. 3.248 (1970). Based on Ratonia alphandi F.

Muell., Fragm. 4:158 (1864). Type: Seaview Range, near Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (not

seen).

Cupania alphandi F. Muell. |.c. 158 (1864) pro syn.

Glenniea alphandi F. Muell,, 1.c. 92 (1875) pro syn.

Nephelium callarrie J. F. Bailey, Qd Agric. J. 5:396 (Oct 1899); F M. Bailey, Qd Fl. 1:306 (Dec

1899). Type: Upper Barron River, June 1899, /. F Bailey (BRI, holo).

Trees usually tall and spreading, to 35 m high, 50cm girth, sometimes buttressed; young parts,

branchlets and inflorescences with thick short pale brown appressed pubescence; others more or

less puberulous; lenticels small, rusty, dense on branchlets, often present on petioles, rachises and

peduncles. Leaves with petiole 27 —42(— 51) cm long with (3 —)4—6(—7) leaflets each side of rachis;

petioles 8—19 cm long, + subterete, trisulcate at base; rachises (7~-)15—23(—30) cm long,

subterete; pinnae narrowly elliptic-oblong to elliptic-ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate at apices,

subacute at base, 9—-17-5(—22) x 3—6(—8) cm, upper surfaces glabrous, lower ones whitish,

papillose, pubescent to puberulent; midribs grooved above, raised and ridged below; prominently

and closely nerved with fine lateral nerves and dense reticulation; lateral nerves 20—26 pairs, sub-

patent, sometimes with domatia in their axils below; petiolules 0-8— 1-2 cm long, grooved above,

pubescent. Panicles 13—27 cm long and to 18 cm wide, densely flowered; primary peduncles broad

at base; cymules stalked, 3—7—flowered; bracts small, ovate, pubescent outside. Flowers 3—4:'5

mm diam., whitish, scented; pedicels 1°5—3 mm long (shorter in females), articulate near base,

pubescent; calyces 2 x 2°5—4:5 mm, lobes 1:5 x1 mm, coriaceous, pubescent outside with ap-

pressed pale rusty hairs, puberulent inside; petals obtrullate, about 2 x 1 mm, puberulent to

subglabrous; scales acute, inflexed, hairy; disc cupular, + lobed, hairy on margins; filaments ex-

serted, 2—3 mm long, subulate, densely villous, anthers 1 mm long, ovoid; ovaries pubescent.

Fruits depressed subglobose to transversely ellipsoid or ovoid, 2:5—3 x 3—5°8 cm, usually in-

distinctly 2—4~—sulcate, reddish brown or peach, finely tomentose on outside; seeds 2, about 1°7 x

2°2cm, subglobose or chesnut-like, brown; stipe short. Fig. 1K, L, M, N.

Chiefly coastal from northern Queensland to Bellinger River, New South Wales; mostly along

creek banks in remnant rainforests,

Queensland, Cook Districr: Daintree, Jul 1943, Blake 14998; S.F.R. 310, Windin L.A. (Winden Ck, a trib. of Mulgrave

River, 17°20'S, 145°45'E), May 1971, Dockrill67. NorTH KEnnepy District: Ravenshoe, Apr 1922, Manuelly; about 56km

N of Cape River, on Clermont-Charters Towers Road, Aug 1947, Smith 3195, Wipe Bay District: Pinbarren Creek beside

Pomona-Kin Kin Road, Nov 1975, Lech, Burnet7 District: Head of Burnett River, Shirley. MoRETON District: Blackall

Range, Keys; Tallebudgera Creek, Eof junction with Cougall Creek, Apr 1977, AfcDonald 1810. New South Wales. Alston-

ville, Jun 1908, Fornlins.

LEPISANTHES

Lepisanthes Blume, Bijdr. 1:237 (1825). Type: £, montana Blume

Erioglossum Blume, Bijdr. 1:229 (1825). Type: E. edule Blume

Shrubs or trees. Leaves paripinnate, pinnae opposite or alternate, entire. Inflorescences ter-

minal or in upper axils, paniculiform often combined into terminal panicles; bracteate. Buds

globose. Flowers usually fascicled, zygomorphic; sepals 5, broadly imbricate, unequal, outer pair

smaller; petals 4, longer than sepals, obovate, shortly clawed, scales shorter than petal, extended

into 2 lobes or in a broad fringed erect crest; disc interrupted (or one-sided) with 3 prominent

angles, glabrous; stamens 8, filaments pilose; ovaries 3—lobed, segments 1~celled, [~ovuled;

styles slender, curved, hairy, persistent; stigma indistinctly lobed. Fruit obcordate, tricoccus (or

not lobed), cohering at base with a shortened stipe, lobes oblongoid or ellipsoid, succulent,

subglabrous, indehiscent; seeds exarillate.

Large genus of Old World tropics, West Africa, southern and southeastern Asia (to Hainan)

Malesia and Australia; only one species in Australia.

Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh., Blumea 17:82 (1969). Based on Sapindus rubiginosa

Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1:44. t.62 (1795). Type: India, Coast of Coromandel (not seen).

Pancovia rubiginosa F. Muell., Fragm. 9:100 (1875). Based on Sapindus rubiginosa Roxb.

Erioglossum edule Blume, Bijdr. 1:229 (1825) & Rumphia 3:119, t.166 (1849). Based on

Sapindus edulis Blume, Cat. Hort. Buitenz. 64 (1823) nom. illeg. Type: Java (not seen).

Small trees to 10 m; young parts, branchlets, petioles, rachises, petiolules and peduncles

densely brown tomentose with + crispate hairs; branchlets ribbed. Leaves with petiole (8 —)20—60

cm long with 2—5(—9) leaflets each side of rachis; petioles 5— 14cm long, terete; rachises 10—36cm

long, terete; pinnae elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, tips usually broad, obtuse, or slightly retuse to

subacute, bases oblique, obtuse, truncate, rarely unequal, 3—24 xX 3—6 cm, lowermost pair the

smallest, both surfaces with brown pubescence or puberulence especially on the nerves, or

subglabrous above except the nerves, papillose below; lateral nerves 8—16 pairs, suboblique,

parallel, raised below; petiolules 2—5 mm, terete. Panicles 10—35 cm long and nearly as wide, laxly

branched, densely flowered, cymules 3—8—flowered; bracts subulate, 1°5—2°5 x 0:-5—1 mm,

tomentose. Flowers white, to 6 mm diam.; pedicels 1—5 mm, articulate at middle; sepals ovate-

orbicular, 3—4 x 1-5-4 mm, concave, glabrous inside, densely sericeous on outside except mem-

branous, glabrous margin; petals white, 5—6 x 3—4mm, obovate-oblong, abruptly narrowed into

short claw, glabrous outside, margins crispate; scale elongate, narrow oblong, inflexed, glabrous

except the densely long hairy fringe at the recurved apex just below the 2 linear crests; stamens 7—8,

subexcentric, usually at opening of interruped 3—lobed, glabrous disc; filaments 3—5 mm long,

filiform, densely hairy. Fruits not seen in Australian material.

Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea and Western Australia. In deciduous vine

scrubs or border of light rainforests.

Western Australia: Mt Trafalgar, Prince Regent River Reserve (15°17'S, 125°04E), Aug 1974, George 12642 (PERTH);

Python Cliffs (15°20'S, 124°56'E), Prince Regent River Reserve, Aug 1974, Kenneally 2144 (PERTH).

GUIOA

Guioa Cay., Icon 4:49, t. 373 (1797). Type: G. lentiscifolia Cav.

Trees; indumentum of single hairs. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets entire or crenulate-serrulate at

margins, usually pellucid punctate. Inflorescences thyrsoid, usually slender, in the axil of leaves or

fallen leaves or ramiflorous and clustered on short branchlets; cymules stalked; bracteate. Flowers

unisexual, mostly moneocious, small, slightly irregular; pedicels articulate towards base; calyces

5-sect, lobes 2-seriate, unequal, broadly imbricate, + suborbicular concave, coriaceous and gland-

dotted towards centre, margins pale, thin, ciliolate; petals 5, mostly narrowly subobovate with

short slender claw, scales 2-lobed slender, oblong, puberulent, usually crested; disc fleshy,

glabrous, complete or incomplete; stamens 6—8, filaments usually hairy; ovaries triquetrous,

3-locular with solitary ovule in each cell; styles filiform, terminal, stigma 3-lobed. Capsules broad-

ly obcordate, deeply 3-lobed, apiculate (residual style); lobes divaricate, wing-like, compressed

and thickened at margins, mostly drying black; loculicidally 2-valved; valves thick, glabrous,

spreading after dehiscence; seeds ellipsoid, nearly covered by thin, tailed aril.

Eighty species, Indo-Malaysia, Pacific, New Guinea and Australia; 6 in eastern Australia.

—"

. Leaflets 6—9— paired; margins crenulate-serrulate ..............c.:cccsceeeeeeseeeees 1. G. crenifoliola

Leaflets 1—4— paired; margins Entire ............cc ccc ceccececeeceseeecseneeeeeueeeseesassecaeeseeeeeneaeeneenes 2

2. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, rachises, peduncles and nerves of leaflets of

ferrugineous, hirsute spreading hairs ..............cccccececsceseeseceverserenteeeseteeees 2. G. lasioneura

Indumentum if present of fine short appressed hairs ............ccceccseececeseaeecsenseversavenseeeereres 3

3. Rachises broad and somewhat flattened and mostly dilated between each pair of

leaflets; pinnae 1—4— paired, 4—6 « 1:2—2:2 cm. Capsules 1:2—2 K 2°6—3'2em ...........44.

4. G. coriacea

Rachises subterete, not as above; pinnae 1—3(—4)-— paired, 4°5—17°5(-19) x

1°5—6°5

em. Capsules 0°6—1°6 1-275 CIM oo. cc cece cece sees eee eeeeceeaeeaseeeeeteneeer scenes esaeeessasaneaes 4

4 Leaflets with a prominent solitary domatia towards the base. Pinnae 1—3{—4)—

paired, 5-5—17-5(—19) « 1-8—6 cm, tips acuminate or acute; lower surfaces rarely

slightly glaucous (usually only when dry). Inflorescences usually clustered on short

lateral branches in axil of leaves or fallen leaves ...............cccccseceeeseeeeeeteeees 3. G. acutifolia

Leaflets without domatias or foveolules. Pinnae 1—2— paired, 4-10 x 1:5—3:8 cm,

tips obtuse, rounded or acuminate, apiculate, lower surfaces usually semi-

glaucous, (glaucous when dry). Inflorescences usually solitary in each axil ............ cece 5

5 Leaflets obovate or elliptic with rounded, obtuse tips, margins flat; semicoriaceous.

Flowers 4 mm diam. Capsules 0°6—0°8 & 1—1°3 cM oo... eect eee eters 5. G. semiglauca

Leaflets elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate or acute at both ends; margins recurved;

thickly coriaceous and subrigid. Flowers 6 mm diam. Capsules 1-2—1:6 x

Bt TTR nga pave ngage ait « BUGAT Eee eccicgs depen nebnbnth: DROME AE a Py eee vagealeg ht nhs 8 56 6. G. montana

1. Guioa crenifoliola Merr. & Perry, J. Arnold Abor. 21:514 (1940), Type: New Guinea: Bernhard

Camp, Idenburg River, Mar 1939, L. J. Brass 13082 (BRI iso).

Trees to 18 m high, 20 cm girth; glabrous, except sometimes puberulous young parts. Leaves

with 6—9 pairs of opposite or subopposite leaflets; petioles 3:5—4 cm long, terete, pulvinate at

base; rachises 5-5—17 cm long, semiterete, slightly margined between each pair of leaflets,

bisulcate; pinnae obliquely elliptic-oblong or subovate-oblong, subfalcate, tips acuminate, mostly

abruptly and shortly acuminate, margins crenulate-serrulate, bases unequal (usually abruptly

obtuse or somewhat truncate on one side and acute or cuneate on the other side of the excentric

midrib), narrowing and decurrent into short petiolules, 2°8--6°3 x 1—1:9 cm, coriaceous; lateral

nerves 7—10 pairs, subpatent, fine, with prominent solitary domatia towards the base; petiolules

1—3 mm long. Flowers and fruits not seen in Australian specimens. Fig. 2 K, L.

New Guinea and northern Queensland. In rainforests, altitude 660—850 m, on Windsor

Tableland.

New Guinea: Bernard Camp, Idenburg River, Mar 1939, Brass 13703. Queensland: Cook District: T. R. 146 Tableland

L.A., (15° 45'S, 145° 15'E), Jul 1975 Hyland 3219; Windsor Tableland NE of Mt Carbine, Jun 1969, Hy/and 3211.

This is a new record of the species for Australia.

2. Guioa lasioneura Radlk., Sitzungsber, Bayer. Akad. 9:608 (1879); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:903

(1927). Type: Rockingham Bay, Dalfachy (not seen).

Small trees to 15 m high, 20 cm girth, often buttressed; young parts, branchlets, petioles,

rachises, petiolules and peduncles densely pubescent with ferrugineous, hirsute, spreading hairs.

Leaves with 1—2 pairs of opposite or subopposite leaflets; petioles and rachises terete, petioles

1—4(—9) cm long, pulvinate; rachises 1—3-°5 cm long; pinnae elliptic to elliptic-ovate or

subobovate, tips acute or acuminate, margins entire slightly recurved, bases acute and decurrent

into petiolules, 3°5—12°5 « 1-5—4:2 cm (juvenile leaves with leaflets to 16:5 x 8:5 cm; rachises

5*5—13 cm long), thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent especially on the nerves below,

lower surfaces semiglaucous; lateral nerves 6—10 pairs arched and ascending, usually impressed

above, sometimes with foveolules in their axils below; petiolules 2—5 mm long, pulvinate. Inflor-

escences mostly 2 or 3 together in the axil of leaves or fallen leaves, slender, laxly branched and

flowered, 1-2—10°5 cm long and to 3 cm wide, peduncles very slender; cymules stalked 3—5—

flowered; bracts ovate-subulate to 2 mm long, hirsute. Flowers white, fragile, 3—4 mm diam.;

pedicels 2mm long, fragile, hirsute; calyx lobes broadly elliptic, 1-5—2-5 x 1-2 mm, pubescent to

puberulent; petals subobovate 1:5 x 1 mm, shortly clawed, scales nearly as long as petals, hairy;

crests thin, stipitate; disc unilateral; filaments 3 mm long, pilose. Capsules obcordate, turbinate

and attenuate at base, 0°8—1:4 x 1—2:2 cm, pinkish purple. Fig. 2 M,N.

Northern Queensland, on mountain ranges chiefly around the Atherton Tableland, in rem-

nant rainforests between 500—1000 m altitude.

Cook District: McDowall Range between Daintree R and Bloomfield R., (16° 05'S, 145° 15’E), Aug 1972, Webb & Tracey

10852; Copper Lode Falls Dam site on Freshwater Ck approximately 10kmS of Cairns, Sep 1970, Gittins 2203; Portion 92,

Parish of Malanda, Dec 1972, Stocker 959; Gadgarra & Ghurka Pocket, Sep 1957, Smith 10142.

3, Guioa acutifolia (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad 9:608 (1879); Domin, Biblioth.

Bot. 89:903 (1927). Based on Cupania semiglauca var. acutifolia F. Muell., Fragm. 9:98

(1875). Type: Port Dennison, £&. Fitzalan; Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy; Mossman River,

W. Hill (syntypes not seen).

Nephelium winterianum Bailey, Qd Agr. J.3:283 (1898). Type: Mt Trafalgar, New Guinea, F

M. Bailey (BRI, holo).

Trees to 20 m high, 15 cm girth; bark smooth, grey; glabrous except puberulent inflores-

cences. Leaves with 1--3(—4)} leaflets each side of rachis; petioles 1:2~-3 cm long, semiterete,

pulvinate; rachises 2°5—9 cm long, subterete; pinnae opposite to alternate, narrowly elliptic-

oblong to subovate-elliptic, somewhat falcate, apices acute or acuminate, margins entire, bases

acute, obtuse, oblique, decurrent into petiolules, 5-S—17:5(—19) x 1-8—6-5 cm, glabrous, rarely

slightly subglaucous below (usually only when dry), lateral nerves 6—12 pairs, subpatent, usually

looping near margins, with prominent solitary domatia towards the base; petiolules 3—10 mm

long, semiterete, pulvinate. Inflorescences slender, laxly flowered, branched or unbranched,

2°5—14cm long and to 10 cm wide, usually 3—5 in a cluster on short branchlets in the axil of leaves

or fallen leaves or ramiflorous, rarely subterminal, peduncles slender, puberulent; cymules stalk-

ed, 3—5—flowered. Flowers cream with pinkish tint, fragrant, about 3-5 mm diam,; pedicels

2—2°5 mm long, glabrous; calyx lobes 1-5—2°5 x 1:2 mm, broadly elliptic or suborbicular; petals

minute, 0°7-1 x 0°5 mm, cbovate; scales half as long, bilobed, slender or rudimentary,

puberulent, crestless; discs complete or incomplete; filaments 2—3-°5 mm long, pilose; ovaries

puberulent on the angles only; style filiform. Capsules broadly obcordate, 1—1-2 x 1—2:2.cm, pale

yellow or reddish. Fig. 2 A.

Australia and New Guinea. Chiefly coastal Queensland, along creeks as a common

understorey tree in rainforest margins usually at higher altitudes, also along the beach and in

mangroves.

New Guinea: Central District: Yule Island, Aug 1962, Darbyshire 759. Queensland. Coox District: Bamaga, Cape York,

Sep 1963, Jones 21525; Between MclIvor R, and Cape Flattery (15°01'S, 145°15'E), Nov 1972, Hyland 6501; Gap Creek

about half-way between Daintree R. and Cooktown, Aug 1975, Moriarty 1415A; Rossville-Ayton Rd, Jul 1962, Gittins 580;

Cyanide Creek-Cape Tribulation Road, S of Cape Tribulation (16°08', 145°27'E), Sep 1976, Williams 76044; McKell Road,

on way to Crater from Atherton Tableland, Jul 1975, frvine 1504. NorTH KENNEDY District: Galmara, Muenga Creek,

Cardwell, Aug 1976, Thorsborne 275; Hinchinbrook Island, Little Ramsay Bay, Aug 1975, Sharpe 1792. Wie Bay

Disrrict: S.F.R. 502, 3 km N of Gympie, Sep 1976, Henderson; Tin Can Bay, Sep 1943, White 12306; Fraser Island, Oct

1919, Petrie.

Very variable species in leaflet shape, size and arrangment.

4, Guioa coriacea Radlk., Abh. Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 60 (1886). Based on Afalaya coriacea

Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 326 (1878). Type: Lord Howe Island, Fullagar (not

seen).

Cupania howeana Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 23:126, Pl. 1 (1898). Type: Lord Howe

Island, J. H, Maiden (not seen).

Misapplied name: Cupania anacardioides auct non A. Rich.; F. Muell., Fragm. 9:91 (1875).

Trees to 13m; young parts, branchlets, petioles and peduncles finely pubescent with palerusty

appressed hairs. Leaves with 1—4 pairs of opposite leaflets, petioles and rachises with an adaxial

ridge; petioles 1—2 cm long, subterete, pulvinate; rachises 3—5°5 cm, broad and somewhat flatten-

ed, mostly slightly margined and dilated below each pair of leaflets, puberulent; pinnae elliptic

oblong, narrowly elliptic or subobovate, obtuse or slightly retuse at tips; margins entire, recurved;

bases cuneate or acute and decurrent into short petiolules, 4—6 x 1:2—2:2.cm, glabrous or midribs

below subglabrous, thickly coriaceous, subrigid, lateral nerves 10—12 pairs subpatent, looping at

margins, with or without a solitary hairy domatia towards the base; petiolules 2—3 mm long,

pulvinate, puberulent. Panicles solitary in each axil, about 15 « 8 cm, divaricately branched and

fairly densely flowered, peduncles slightly angular, primary ones globose at base. Flowers (male)

about 7 mm diam.; pedicels 6 mm long, pubescent; calyx lobes 3—5 x 2—5 mm, suborbicular;

petals subobovate, narrowly clawed, 5 x 3 mm, margins incurved at base into 2 broad crested

scales, puberulent on scales and claw; disc complete; filaments 6 mm long, pubescent from above

middle to base. Female flowers not seen. Capsules obcordate, abruptly attenuate into short stipe,

1:2—2 x 2°6-—-3:2 cm. Fig. 2 B, C.

Restricted to Lord Howe Island, New South Wales.

Lord Howe Is: May 1920, Boorman, Jan 1899, King,

5. Guioa semiglauca (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:608 (1879); Domin, Biblioth.

Bot. 89:903 (1927). Francis, Aust. Rain.-For. Trees, ed. 3.249 (1970). Based on Arytera

semigiauca F. Muell., Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Vict. 3:25 (1859). Type: Moreton Bay,

Aiill & Mueller (not seen).

Cupania semiglauca (F. Muell.) F. Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:457 (1863).

Nephelium semiglaucum (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Fragm. 4:158 (1864) excl. var.; F. M. Bailey,

Qd FI, 1:302 (1899).

Trees to 18 m high, 30 cm girth; bark grey; young parts, branchlets, petioles and peduncles

finely pubescent with short pale rusty-brown appressed hairs; branchlets ribbed towards the apex.

Leaves with 1—2(—3) pairs of opposite or subopposite leaflets; petioles 1—3 cm long, semiterete,

pulvinate; rachises 1—5:5 cm, semiterete, often with fine adaxial ridge; pinnae obovate-elliptic to

elliptic-oblong, oblique or slightly falcate, rounded or obtuse and apiculate at tips, margin entire,

bases, acute, decurrent, 4-5—8:°5 x 1:5—3cm, glabrous above, + glaucous and puberulent below,

semicoriaceous, pellucid punctate; lateral nerves 8— 12 pairs, suboblique, fine, looping at margins,

reticulate venation fine, prominent, foveolules absent; peticlules 2-4 mm, pulvinate, Panicles

mostly solitary in each axil, 3— 15cm long and as wide, densely flowered and usually many branch-

ed, often branching from the base, peduncles slender, cymules 3—7— flowered, stalked; bracts to 1

mm long. Flowers pale green about 4 mm diam.; pedicels 2 mm long, subglabrous; calyx lobes

1-5—2°5 x 1:5-—2°5 mn, elliptic or suborbicular; petals subobovate-elliptic with slender claw, 1°5

mm long; scales slender as long as or longer than petal, pilose, tipped by yellow crests; disc com-

plete or incomplete; filaments 2°5 mm long, pubescent; ovaries hairy on angles. Capsules obcor-

date shortly attenuate at base, 0°6—0°8 x 1—1:3 cm, greyish green. Fig. 2 D, FE, F, G,

Central Queensland to Hunter River, New South Wales. Usually at edge of rainforests, along

creeks and on hillsides.

Queensland, SouTH Kennepy District: Dalrymple Heights and vicinity, Jul-Nov 1947, Clemens, Wwe Bay Disrrict: Stony

Creek near Bundaberg, Jan 1939, Gay & Smith 634. BurNeTT District; Bunya Mts, Oct 1919, White. Moreton District:

Upper Brookfield Road, Upper Brookfield 2'5 km NW of Post Office, Nov 1972, Sharpe & Lebler 172; Beechmont Ridge,

Beechmont, Oct 1969, Schodde 5589; Bonogin Road, 8kmSSW Mudgeeraba, Oct 1976, McDonald & Whiternan 1632. New

South Wales: Broughton Ck between Nowra and Kiama, Jun 1959, Webb & Tracey 3674; Glenreagh, bank of Orara River,

Oct 1930, White 7443; Tweed River opposite Stott’s Island, Feb 1975, Williams 75010.

6. Guioa montana C, White, Contr. Arnold Arbor. 4:60 (1933). Type: Mt Bartle Frere, S. & Ka-

jJewski 1286 (BRI, holo).

Trees to 20 m high, 20 cm girth; young parts and peduncles densely pubescent with fine pale

brown appressed hairs, branchlets ribbed and pubescent towards their tips. Leaves with 1 —2(—3)

pairs of opposite or subopposite leaflets; petioles 1—2°5 cm long, terete, trisulcate and pulvinate at

base, puberulent to subglabrous; rachises 1:‘5—2°5 cm long, subterete, adaxially ridged,

puberulent; pinnae elliptic or elliptic-oblong, tips acute or acuminate rarely obtuse, apiculate,

margins entire, slightly recurved, bases acute and decurrent into petiolules, 4-10 x 1:°6—3°'8 cm,

coriaceous and subrigid, glabrous and shiny above, pale, papillose and puberulent below, lower

surfaces sometimes with scattered slender red glands; lateral nerves 10-12 pairs, fine, oblique,

looping at margins; reticulate venation coarse, prominent (raised in dried specimens), foveolules

absent. Panicles mostly solitary in each axil, branching from the base, 3— 12cm long, to 7 cm wide,

laxly flowered, primary peduncles globose at base. Flowers 5—6 mm diam.; pedicels 4 mm long;

calyx lobes broadly ovate or elliptic, 2°5—3:5 x 1:5—2:5 mm, puberulent towards the centre on

outside; petals narrowly ovate-oblong or subobovate, not clawed, 3 x 1 mm; scales small,

2—lobed, linear-oblong, puberulent, crested; disc complete; filaments puberulent or glabrous,

2°5—4mm long, Capsules 1:2—-1:6 x 2:2—2°5 cm, carinate at sutures towards base. Fig. 2H, I, J.

Northern Queensland on ranges near Herberton and on Bellenden Ker Range, in rainforests

at altitudes over 1000 m,

Cook District: S.F.R. 143, North Mary L.A, (16°35’'S, 145°15'E), Oct 1975, Hyland 7021; S.A R. 185 Emerald L.A.

(17°09'S, 145°38’E), Sep 1972, O’Farrel/98;S.F.R.194(17° 15'S, 145°25’E), Jul 1968, Hyland 1628; Mt Bellenden Ker about

1-4km SE of centre peak, Jun 1969, Srnith 14705A,

The few specimens are hard to distinguish from some specimens of G. semiglauca, except for

their more pointed leaflets and large flowers and fruits. More collections are necessary before any

conclusion can be drawn.

Imperfectly known species: Guiog chrysantha Radlk., Fedde Repert. 20:28 (1924). Type: Rich-

mond River, C. Moore (not seen).

Fig. 2. GUIOA., GC. acutifolia; A. branchlet with inflorescence (x 1). G. coriacea; B. leaf (x 1). C. fruit (x 1). G.

semigiauca: D, fruiting branchlet, some fruits dehisced showing seeds (x *%). E. fruit (x 1). F. petal(x 12). G. inner and

outer (smaller) calyx lobes( x 6). G. montana: H, male flower with two petals removed (x 6). 1. petal (x 6}. J. dehisced fruit

(x 3).G.crenifotiola: K. leaf (x 2). L. leaflet (x 1), M. G, fasineura: Flowering branchlet (*« 1). N. fruit (x 1).

RHYSOTOECHIA

Rhysotoechia Radlk., Actes. Congr. Bot. Amsterd. (1877): 131 (1879); & in Engl., Pflanzenr. Heft

98f: 1209—1216 (1933). Type: R. mortoniana (F. Muell.) Radlk., based on Cupania morto-

niana F. Muell. (lectotypus novus).

Trees mostly glabrous: indumentum if present mostly of simple appressed hairs. Leaves

paripinnate; leaflets 1—6— paired, subopposite or opposite, entire, coriacous, subrigid, drying

yellowish-green; petiolules pulvinate. Inflorescences axillary or subterminal, mostly solitary,

thrysoid, paniculate; bracteate. Flowers regular, mostly unisexual and monecious; pedicellate;

calyces 5— partite, lobes 2—seriate, imbricate, outer pair smaller, mostly thicker, broadly ovate; in-

ner ones elliptic to obovate, concave, margins petaloid, ciliolate; petals 5, broadly obovate or

suborbicular with short claw, or obtrullate, basal margins (above claw) thickened or inflexed with

2 scale-like appendages, crests absent; discs annular; stamens 7 or 8, filaments hairy towards base;

ovaries obovoid, 3—(or 2—) locular, ovules solitary in each cell. Capsules sessile or stalked,

subglobose, obovoid or obcordate and 3—or 2—lobed, usually turgid, subdrupaceous with fleshy

exocarp, loculicidally dehiscent; valves coriaceous, glabrous, mostly glandular inside, drying

wrinkled and reflexed; seeds shiny, blackish, with small, fleshy, yellow, oblique (+ ventral) basal

aril,

About 14 species, Philippines, Borneo and Australia; four in eastern Australia.

1. Leaves with petiole 6—20 cm long; leaflets 1—3— paired, 5-5—12°5 « 2°5—5-8 cm, lax-

ly nerved, lateral nerves 5— 10 pairs, looping away from margins. Panicles to 26 x

12 cm, laxly flowered. Petals with scale-like appendages. Capsules mostly obcor-

date and often slightly winged or carinate at sutures at base, divaricately lobed ............... 2

Leaves with petiole (14°5—)23—48 cm long; leaflets 2—4(—6)— paired, 7—17(—25) x

2°5--§:5(—9-5) cm, densely nerved, lateral nerves 12—20 pairs, free or looping near

margins. Panicles to 34 cm long and as wide, densely flowered. Petals scaleless.

Capsules obovoid or subglobose, attenuate at base, not carinate at sutures nor

divaricately lobed

2. Leaflets 1—or 2—paired, tips broad, obtuse or rounded; surfaces glossy or dull;

petiolules 2—7 mm long. Flowers 5—7 mm diam.; pedicels to 5 mm long. Peduncles

and discs hairy. Capsules sessile or subsessile ........0.......cccceceeceeeaeeneeeeeeeees 1. R. bifoliclata

Leaflets mostly 2—or 3 paired, tips acute or acuminate; surfaces vernicose; petiolules

8-18 mm long. Flowers 8-10 mm diam.; pedicels 6-9 mm _ long.

Peduncles and discs glabrous. Capsules stipitate ...........0..cccceceececuceeuseees 2. R. mortoniana

3. Petiolules to 6 mm long; pulvinus 1—2 mm long. Branchlets and leaves usually

puberulent. Surfaces shiny, + coarsely nerved. Capsules 3—locular ......... 3. R. robertsonii

Petiolules 7—10 mm long: pulvinus 5-7 mm long, Branchlets and leaves glabrous.

Surfaces vernicose, finely and densely nerved. Capsules mostly 2-locular ... 4. R. flavescens

1. Rhysotoechia bifoliolata Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:541, n 591 (1879); & Pflanzenr.

Heft 98f: 1211 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:905 (1927); Francis, Aust. Rain-For. Trees

ed. 3, 252 (1970). Type: Rockhampton, O’Shanesy (not seen).

Cupania (Cupaniopsis) dunnii Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 33:305 (1908).

Type: New South Wales: Acacia Creek via Killarney, W Dunn (BRI, iso).

Misapplied name: Cupania robertsonii F. Muell., Fragm. 9 (non 5): 94 (1875) p.p. quoad

specimen foliis 2-foliolatis, Rockhampton, coll. O’Shanesy.

Trees to 20 m high, 35 cm girth; glabrous except puberulous young parts and peduncles.

Leaves with | or 2 pairs of leaflets, petioles and rachises +isobilateral, petioles 1-5—4 cm long;

rachises 2—3°5 cm long; pinnae opposite, elliptic or elliptic-obovate or broadly elliptic, tips broad,

obtuse, rounded, or subacute, sometimes emarginate, margins slightly recurved, bases acute,

5°5—7(—8°5) x 2:5—4 cm, thick, glossy above, dull below; lateral nerves 6—10 pairs, subpatent,

looping away from margins, reticulate venation lax; petiolules 2—7 mm long, semiterete pulvinate.

Panicles axillary, laxly flowered, 4—9-5 cmlong and to 4cm wide. Flowers orange-cream, 5—7 mm

diam.; pedicels about 5 mm long; calyx lobes 2—3 x 1:5 mm, glabrous, margins pale; petals ob-

trullate or obovate 2—3°5 x 2:5—3 mm, with inflexed, thick, very curly basal margin forming a

scale-like appendage, puberulent on both surfaces from above middle to base; disc pubescent;

filaments 3—4 mm long, pubescent, exerted, anthers glabrous. Capsules sessile or subsessile,

subglobose to obcordate, subtruncate or lobed at apiculate apex (residual style), often narrowly

winged or carinate at base, orange-yellow, 1:5—2°6 x 1—3:2 cm, 3-lobed, lobes divaricate,

subglobose, turgid or compressed; seeds ellipsoid. Fig. 3A, B, C, D, E, F.

Central Queensland to Upper Hunter River, New South Wales, usually on ranges at edge of

rainforests.

Queensiand. PortCurtis District: Bulburin, Many Peaks Range, Jul 1959, Webb & Tracey 3729, Wink Bay District: Near

Maryborough, Sep 1948, Clemens. MORETON District: Witta area, 3 km N of Maleny, May 1959, Smith 10549; Mt Roberts,

McPherson Range, Aug 1945, Blake 15925; Sarabah Range about 24 km S of Canungra, O’Reilly’s Road, Lamington

Plateau, Aug 1963, Schodde 3365; O’Reillys Guest House, Dec 1978, Harnian.

2. Rhysoetoechia mortoniana (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 62 (1879); & Pflanzenr. Heft

98f: 1212 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:905 (1927). Based on Cupania mortoniana F.

Muell., Fragm. 5:177 (1866). Type: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (not seen).

Slender trees to 7 m; glabrous. Leaves with petiole (7—)12:5—20 cm long with (1—)2~3

leaflets each side of rachis; petioles 3—7'5 cm long, semiterete, shortly pulvinate; rachises 2:5—14

cm long, subterete; pinnae broadly elliptic or ovate—elliptic, apices acute, abruptly and shortly

acuminate or obtuse, abruptly narrowing at base, acute, oblique, 6—12°5 x 2‘5—5-8cm, vernicose

above, midribs broad, striate below; lateral nerves 5—9 pairs, + patent and looping away from

margins, prominent especially below, reticulate venation lax; petiolules 0-8— 1-8 cm long, pulvini

2—5 mm. Panicles in upper axils, to 26 x 12 cm, laxly branched and flowered, peduncles slender.

Flowers 8— 10mm diam.; pedicles 6—9 mm; calyx lobes puberulent, outer to 3x2 mm, inner 6x5

mm; petals white, broadly obovate, 4—5 = 3:5 mm, hairy at base on both surfaces and with scat-

tered glands, lower margins inflexed into 2 hairy scale-like appendages; disc glabrous; filaments

4mm long, puberulent, anthers 1:5 mm long. Capsules stipitate, broadly obcordate or obovoid,

often keeled at sutures towards base, yellow with red flush, 1:2—1:4 x 2—3-2 cm including stipe,

2— or 3~lobed, lobes divaricate, subglobose, valves thinly coriaceous; stipe 4—6 mm long. Fig. 3

G, H.

Northern Queensland, around Atherton Tableland. At edge of rainforests at high altitudes,

usually on steep slopes.

Coox District: Between Kuranda and Barron Falls, Jan 1949, Smith 4273; Kuranda Road, Jul 1977, Godfrey; Saddle Mt

near Kuranda, Jul 1968, Brass 33875 (QRS); Danbulla via Kairi, Sep 1948, Byrne; Deeral near Babinda, Jul 1943, Blake

14971:S.F.R., Range between Atherton and Herberton, Dec 1952, Whife 391. NorTH KeEnnepy District: Koolmoon Creek,

Nov 1958, Smith 10467; Tully Falls, Nov 1949, Fielding (QRS).

3. Rhysotoechia robertsonii (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber, Bayer. Akad. 9:542 (1879); &

Pflanzenr. Heft 98f: 1214 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:905 (1927). Based on Cupania

robertsonii F. Muell., Fragm. 5:146 (1866). Type: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (not seen).

Spreading trees to 16 m tall, 75 cm girth; young parts rusty villous pubescent; branchlets pale,

puberulent, lenticels minute. Leaves with petiole (14°5—) 23-30 cm long, with 3{—5) leaflets each

side of rachis; petioles and rachises semiterete; petioles 2°5~—4 cm long, pulvinatae; rachises

(3—) 9—12°5 cm, dilated and slightly winged below each pair of leaflets; pinnae elliptic-oblong or

subobovate-elliptic, tips acuminate (often abruptly and bluntly acuminate) or acute, margins

slighly recurved, bases oblique, acute or cuneate, 7—17(—21) x 2°5—5-5(--8'5) cm, upper surfaces

shiny, glabrous, lower ones puberulent; lateral nerves suboblique, 12—16 pairs, reticulate venation

+ coarse, prominent; petiolules 2—6 mm long, pulvini 1—2 mm long. Panicles axillary, 14—25 cm

long and as wide, densely flowered, peduncles glabrous, lenticellate. Flowers cream, 5-7 mm

diam.; pedicels 2—4 mm, glabrous; calyx lobes 2-3 « 1—2 mm; petals obtrullate, 2 x 1'5 mm,

witli very slightly thickened basal margins, puberulent inside, and towards base outside, ciliolate

on margins; filaments 1:2 mm long, anthers as long; ovaries subglabrous. Capsules shortly

stipitate, obovoid or subglobose abruptly narrowed at base, apiculate (residual style), orange-

yellow with red flush, 1-6—2°8 x 2°2—3°2 cm; 3—locular; valves coriaceous, reticulate, glandular

within; seeds often embedded in watery gluey substance; stipe to 4 mm long. Fig. 3 L, M,N.

2G -

ee:

vee

ros Ras

Fig. 3. RH YSOTOECATIA. R. bifoliolata: A. flowering branchlet (x 1). B. female flower with one petal removed (* 6).

C. petal (x 12). D. calyx lobe (x 6). E. fruit (x 1). F. dehisced fruit showing seed and aril. R. mrortoniana: G. petal (x 6)...

H. slightly dehisced fruit (x 1). R. flavescens: 1. leaf (x 4). J. petals (x 12). K. fruit (x 1). R. robertsonii: L. leaf (x 4).

M. petals (x 12), N. fruit (x 1).

Northern Queensland, from Mt Molloy to near Cardwell, chiefly coastal but quite common

on Atherton Tableland; in fringing rainforests along creeks.

Cook District: Near Bushy Creek on the Mt Molloy-Julatten Road, just SW of Julattan, Dec 1976, Morfarty 2175; Little

Mulgrave River (17°95/S, 145°40'E), Nov 1976, Hy/and 9209; Russell River (17°20'S, 146°O0VE), Nov 1975, Dockri/f 1082;

Gadgarra, 5.F.R, 310, Dec 1952, White 53/301 (461); Harvey Creek, Nov 1947, Flecker; Wongabel-Ravenshoe Road,

S.F.R. 191, Dec 1953, White; NortH KENNEDY District: Meunga Creek (near Cardwell), Apr 1865, Dallachy; Ravenshoe,

S.F.R, 251 (17°40'S, 145°30'E), Nov 1961, Voick.

R. contermina Domin from Harvey Creek probably belongs here (ex descr.).

4. Rhysotoechia flavescens Radlk., Sitzungsber. bayer, Akad. 9:541 (1879); & Pflanzenr. Heft 98f:

1215 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:905 (1927). Type: Rockingham Bay, Da/lachy (not

seen).

Misapplied name: Cupania robertsonii F. Muell., Fragm. 9:94 (1875) p.p. (quoad specimen

petalis secus totam faciem interiorem pubescentibus insigne).

Trees to 14 m tall, 15 cm girth, often multistemmed; glabrous; branchlets slightly raised below

insertion of leaves. Leaves with petiole 26—48 cm long with 1—4(—6) leaflets each side of rachis;

petioles 3-5—8cm long, terete, broad and pulvinate; rachises 17—22°5 cm long, semiterete; pinnae

oblong ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, somewhat subfalcate towards tips, mostly abruptly and

shortly acute-acuminate or subcaudate at apices, margins slightly recurved, bases often abruptly

acute, very oblique, 13—16(—25) x 4°5—5-5{—9°5) cm, glabrous, vernicose above; midrib broad,

raised below, striated; nerves (lateral and tertiary) and reticulate venation very fine, prominent,

lateral nerves 12—20 pairs, slender, patent, looping near margins; reticulate venation very dense;

petiolules 0:7—1 cm long, pulvini S—7 mm long. Panicles axillary or subterminal, large, 20—34 x

8—34 cm, copiously flowered, peduncles glabrous; cymules 3—9~—flowered; bracts ovate

acuniinate, 1 x 0-5 mm. Flowers cream, 6—7 mm diam.; pedicels 2—5 mm; calyces glabrous, outer

lobes 1:-5—3 = 1°5—2°5 mm, inner ones 3:5—4 x 3—4 mm; petals obtrullate, long clawed, 2:5 x 2

mm, membranous, densely hairy inside and towards base outside, lower margins slightly incurved

or thickened; disc fleshy, glabrous; filaments 4—5 mm (staminodes 2 mm} long, densely villous,

anthers ovoid-oblong, apiculate, 1-25 x 0°5 mm, puberulent; ovaries shortly stipitate, glabrous,

styles 1—2 mm long, Capsules broadly obovoid, attenuate at base into a short stipe, 1°8--2 x 2—2°5

cm including stipe, retuse or broadly lobed at apex, 2—locular, valves thickly coriaceous,

reticulate, wrinkled when dry; stipe 3—5 mm long. Fig. 31, J, K.

Northern Queensland, around Atherton Tableland. In rainforests usually in mountainous

country.

Coox District: 8.F. 143, Little Mossman Logging Area (16°32'S, 145°23’E), Oct 1978, Moriarty 2472 (QRS); S.F.R. 1073,

Rooty L.A. (16°40'S, 145°30'E), Mar 1976, Hyland 8649 & 8650; S.F.R. 185 (17°10'S, 145°40'E), Feb 1969, Hyland 2178

(QRS), NortH Kennepy District: 8.F.R, 200, Tully area, Dec 1952, White 53/295,

Imperfectly known species: Rhysotoechia contermina Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:905 (1927). Type:

Harveys Creek, Domin (not seen).

Probably conspecific with R. robertsonii which occurs in the same area.

CUPANIOPSIS

Cupaniopsis Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:483, 498 (1879), & in Engler, Pflanzenr.

98f:1177—1208 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:903 (1927). Type: C. anacardioides (A.

Rich.} Radlk., based on Cupania anacardioides A. Richard (leptotypus novus).

Trees; branchlets terete, ribbed and hairy towards apex; indumentum of simple hairs; lenticels

small, pale. Leaves petiolate, paripinnate; leaflets 1—12—paired, margins entire, serrate or

crenate; petiolulate. Inflorescences axillary, polygamo-monoecious, racemiform or paniculiform;

cymules stalked or sessile, 3—5— flowered; -bracteate. Flowers regular; pedicellate or sessile; calyx

5—lobed, lobes 2—seriate, imbricate, outer pair smaller, suborbicular or broadly ovate; inner ones

oblong or elliptic; concave, usually sericeous outside except glabrous, ciliolate erosed margins;

petals smaller than calyx, broadly ovate or obovate, usually sessile; scales 2—cleft, oblong, hairy,

crestless; disc annular, crenate; stamens 6—10, filaments filiform, pilose in lower half; anthers

ovate-oblong, glabrous; ovary subglobose, 3(or 4)—locular, ovules solitary in each cell, style short,

usually persistent. Capsules sessile or stipitate; obovoid or subglobose, often cuspidate (residual

style), 3—sulcate or 3—lobed; 3—locular; 3—seeded; 3—valved, valves + fleshy, glabrous or hairy

outside, villous inside, usually drying wrinkled outside; seeds ellipsoid, shiny; aril thin, cupular,

distally fimbriate or erosed, nearly enclosing seed.

Australia.

1. Leaflets cuneate; apex broad, truncate, lobed or toothed. Uppermost pair the

1G og rh) Pa A A NU ER PO CRP EE Ar EO 2 PS TEA Sih A OEE EI AE to 2

Leaflets obovate, elliptic, oblong or ovate-oblong; apex obtuse, retuse, acuminate,

cuspidate, acute. Uppermost pair not usually the largest ..............ccccceeesecceseeeeeereeerense 3

2. Leaflets 3—5({-—-7)-- paired; lowermost pair stipule-like; margins serrate; lower sur-

faces hairy. Inflorescences spicifOrm ...............ccccecceceeeetenccuseetestserseees 1. C. shirleyana

Leaflets 1-- or 2—paired; lowermost pair not as above: margins entire (except

juveniles); surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences racemiform ................4.. 2. C. wadsworthii

3, Donialia or foveola Present -,..,.cass.g9seenasdooae Reqapaealghveaa pen ash asl Mehay nheg Nae eshoaandneepelaslnnnta sae 4

Domatia or foveola absent ...........c.ccccccccescoscneceeeeeneceeeueeeeneraeceeteesetateseneeeeaeerseeeesersensss 5

4, Margins crenate or subentire; apex usually acuminate or acute; disc hairy. Leaflets

narrowly ovate or elliptic-oblong. Foveola usually along whole midrib .... 3. C. foveolata

Margins entire (except juvenile ones); apex broad obtuse or retuse; disc glabrous.

Leaflets obovate or elliptic. Domatia few (1 —5) per leaflet ..............ceee 4. C, fleckeri

5, Margins entire: apex broad, obtuse or retuse. Flowers and fruits stalked. Leaflets

PIAS nccceoshotoaa sth cate, ManDeM eres cecehar. Baongs-92 tote ans hbe..c teens, be Aosete Meera gee dite oe 6

Margins serrate, serrulate, sinuate or subentire; apex acuminate or cuspidate,

obtuse or acute. Flowers and fruits sessile or subsessile. Leaflets usually hairy

CY IOAVER SUILTACES 5b ialten. ib espe See e paced Peabo ald ioees enna Me nfeaenncavnasnsalou ict urieentaiedeedinress 7

6. Lateral nerves close to each other, 2—5 mm apart; reticulate venation inconspicuous

above. Panicles less than 7°5 cm Jong. Leaflets 2-5—7 « 0-7—2:6 cm, thickly

COTIACEOUR, sccoomy cn Macaca Beale ho snnener ac sata Seo, Ande Sons ccs haar J maao8 5. C. parvifolia

Lateral nerves widely spaced, 6—20 mm apart; reticulate venation prominent both

surfaces. Panicles more than 8 cm long. Leaflets (4°5—)6—15:5(-19)

x (1°7-)3—7°5 cm, thinly COriaCeOuUS ...........ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeereeeness 6. C. anacardioides

7. Lower surface of leaflets puberulous or subglabrous especially on midribs and nerves ....... 8

Lower surface of leaflets usually densely hairy especially on midribs and nerves .............. 10

8. Petiolules (8-)15—30 mm long. Leaflets (6—)10—12 paired; glabrous or

subglabrous. Leaf including petiole (34—)46—72 cm long. Flowers subsessile,

PUNTER a ca deGlabe Carve tabante bende Me denlshaveathtieerbernebyh de areen das See daepethguMieuti ah 7, C, newmanii

Petiolules 1—12 mm long. Leaflets 3—7(— 10)— paired; usually puberulous especially

on nerves below. Leaf including petiole 9-5--38(—45)cm long. Flowers sessile,

POTTUI PRITE coo tera 5 2eonee ead hIR AT Sy ca RhSGS Mia dees Oa DaT eh hy SERITAG TUES alec pana hios tty ed eRe haley 9

About 66 species, New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji; ten species (two new) in

. Inflorescences 1—6°5 cm long, racemiform rarely 1 or 2 branched. Fruits velvety

hairy. Flowers white. Petiolules 1-5 mm long. Pinnae long acuminate or

cuspidate at apex; not regularly serrate or serrulate and nerved; teeth usually

SURE E er hea ct cee ah toa see Ne neal UR Cte Ret dheccesact Ne coi! Se incl stdihe aaetremteal Riaehs 8. C. serrata

Inflorescences 5:5—35(—55) cm long, usually many branched. Fruits + villose hairy.

Flowers pink. Petiolules 1—12 mm long. Pinnae broad at apex, truncate

cuspidate or acute, if acuminate then not as above; usually regularly serrate or

serrulate and nerved; teeth small incurved, or Coarse ...............0seeeeee 9. C. flagelliformis

10. Margins subentire or sinuate with few minute teeth; apex broad, rounded, obtuse or

subtruncate; lateral nerves fine, irregular. Male panicles 4—9 cm long, branches

few, 2—5°5 cm long. Capsule depressed ellipsoid, 2—2°5 x 3—4 cm. Flowers

MUETRIEES 5s AvscteBax susyiee st onin-da exdena cttenaasgietls Lantus s-asetentawaa ne kengopat toreapedtenrtiteotasset 10. C. tomentella

Margins serrate, serrulate or sinuate; usually regularly serrulate and nerved; apex

obtuse, truncate, denticulate or cuspidate. Male panicles 5-5—55 cm long;

branches many, 3:5--.60 cm long. Capsule broadly obovoid, 1:4—2°2 « 1-6—2°6

Crt FRGWOTS PURE 2 nese selrgmcnessnctusbasokaitiia beccbinghetenesh annie ndbteabiaeeaens 9. C. flagelliformis

1. Cupaniopsis shirleyana (Bailey) Radlk., Fedde Repert. 20:22 (1924), & in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f:

1188—89 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:904 (1927); Francis, Aust. Rain-For, trees ed

3.249 (1970). Based on Cupania shirleyana Bailey, Synop. Qd Fl. 2nd suppl. 15 (1888) & Qd

Fl. 1:290 (1899). Type: Sankey’s scrub off Logan Road, Brisbane. F: M. Bailey (BRI, holo).

Small trees to 10 m; young parts, branchlets, petioles, rachises, peduncles pubescent with long

pale brown spreading hairs intermingled with shorter ones; lenticels pale. Leaves (with petiole)

6—14 cm long with 3—5(—7) pairs of leaflets; petioles 2—5(--12) mm long, semiterete, pulvinate;

rachises 4—8(—10.5) cm long, bisulcate above; pinnae opposite or subopposite; lower most pair

smallest, stipule-like, obliquely broadly cuneate; others cuneate or oblong cuneate, apex truncate,

mucronate or obtuse, usually coarsely toothed; margins irregularly sharply serrate or serrulate

especially above middle, base cuneate, 0'8—5:5(—8°5) x 0°8~—3:2(—4) cm, glossy, glabrous or

puberulous especially on midribs above, pubescent or puberulent below, semicoriaceous; lateral

nerves 3—8 pairs, patent, terminating in serrations, raised below; petiolules to 1 mm long,

+pulvinate. Inflorescences +spiciform 5—18 cm long. Flowers to 7 mm diam.; sessile or pedicels

to 1 mm long; calyx lobes obovate or suborbicular, 4—45 x 1:5 mm, rusty pubescent outside; petals

obovate, 2 x 2mm, hairy outside, scales longer than petal; disc glabrous; filaments 2mm long, an-

thers 1 mm long; ovaries pubescent. Capsules subglobose or broadly ovoid, orange, 1°5 x 1:5—1°7

cm, trisulcate, finely velvety hairy outside; valves thin, puberulous inside: seed nearly enclosed in

orange-red aril. Fig. 4P.

Central and southeastern Queensland; along riverbanks, in dry rainforests.

Port Curtis District: E of Miriam Vale (24° 10'S, 151°50°E), Eurumbula Holding, Dec 1970, Webd & Tracey 10358; Baffle

Creek district, Apr 1920, White. Wipe Bay District: Bingera, Oct 1948, Smith 4119; Yandaran Ck, Bundaberg district

Michael; Cedars Bridge Crossing on Burnett River about 5 km 8 of South Kolan, Sep 1972, Bates 335. Moreton District:

Sankey’s Scrub, in 1887, Simmonds.

2, Cupaniopsis wadsworthii (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:483, 530 n364 etc

(1879), & in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f:1188—89 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:904 (1927);

Francis, Aust. Rain-For, trees ed 3.249 (1970). Based on Harpullia wadsworthii F. Muell.,

Fragm, 4:1, t.24 (1863), & 9:89 (1875). Types: Rockhampton, Thozet & Dallachy (not

seen).

Cupania wadsworthii (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Cens. Aust. Plts. 24 (1882); F. M. Bailey, Qd FI.

1:290 (1899). Based on Harpullia wadsworthii F. Muell.

Slender shrubs to 3 m; branchlets, petioles and rachises pubescent or puberulent with pale

villose appressed hairs; lenticels minute, elliptic, scattered on branchlets and often on petioles.

Leaf (with petiole) 4:5—6°5 cm long with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets (3 pairs in juveniles); petioles

0-2—2:5 cm, semiterete broadly pulvinate at base; rachises 1—2 cm long, bisulcate above; pinnae

opposite, broadly cuneate, apex truncate, apiculate or broadly 2— or 3—lobed; margins entire

(broadly and bluntly serrate towards apex in juveniles); bases cuneate, oblique, 1-3—3-5(—8°5) x

1-3—3-5(—5-5) cm, shiny or vernicose, glabrous, or midribs below subglabrous, thinly coriaceous,

pellucid punctate; lateral nerves 4—7 pairs, + divergent, often with domatia-like pockets in their

axils, nerves and reticulation fine; petiolules 1—2 mm long, thickly pulvinate, puberulent or

glabrous. Inflorescences racemiform, long and graceful, 5—12°5 cm long, laxly flowered;

peduncles rarely branched, puberulent, cymules 3-flowered. Flowers cream, 6—7 mm diam.;

pedicels 1:5—4 mm long; calyx lobes suborbicular or elliptic, 4 x 2—3-5 mm, puberulous outside;

_ petals sessile, broadly ovate, 2~3 mm long and as wide, scales longer, densely ciliolate; disc

glabrous; filaments 3 mm long, pilose; anthers 2 mm long. Capsules obovoid, 1°4 x 2 cm,

3-sulcate; valves thin, shortly pubescent or puberulent outside, puberulous inside. Fig. 4 O.

Queensland: Chiefly coastal from near Shute Harbour to Mt Perry, usually on hill slopes.

NorTH KENNEDY District: Conway S.F, between Airlie and Shute Harbour, Jun 1965, Webb & Tracey 7568. SouTH KENNEDY

District: Cape Hillsborough, R. 60 Ossa (20°55'S, 149°03'E), May 1975, Hyland 8230. Port Curtis District: 2 km N of

Yeppoon, on road to Byfield, Jun 1978, Sharpe 2372; near Rockhampton, Feb 1922, Afiggins. BURNETT District: 8.F.54,

Burnett Range, NW of Mt Perry, Nov 1978, Stanton; Buiburin, Aug 1957, Webb & Tracey 3306.

3. Cupaniopsis foveolata (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:530 n 348 (1879), & in

Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f:1186 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:904 (1927); Francis, Aust.

Rain-For. trees ed. 3.252 (1970). Based on Cupania foveolata F. Muell., Fragm. 9:95

(1875); F. M. Bailey, Qd Fl. 1:292 (1899). Types: Nulla-Nulla, McLeay’s River, Bellinger’s

River, Carron; Rockingham Bay, Dailachy; Moresby Range, W. Hil! (syntypes not seen).

C. baileyana Radlk., Fedde Repert. 20:32 (1924), & in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f:1185 (1933).

Type: Mt Mistake, F M. Bailey (BRI, holo).

Trees to 25 m high, 30 cm girth; young parts, branchlets, petioles, rachises, peduncles

puberulous with minute appressed hairs, or glabrous; branchlets often scurfy, densely lenticellate.

Leaf (with petiole) 15—28 cm long with 4—8(—10) leaflets on each side of rachis; petioles 3-5—5°5

cm long, subterete, often lenticellate; rachis terete, bisulcate above 6°5— 14 (—16°5) cm long; pin-

nae alternate, narrowly oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, bluntly acuminate or obtuse at apex;

margins remotely crenate-serrulate or subentire; base obtuse, or acute slightly decurrent, often

oblique, 4°5—9(—14) x 1:5—2°2 (—2:5) cm, glabrous or subglabrous, glossy above, thinly cor-

iaceous; lateral nerves 10—20 pairs, slender, subpatent, looping near margins, usually foveolate

along the whole midrib; reticulate venation fine, prominent; petiolules (2—)4—10 mm long, chan-

nelled above, puberulent. Panicles erect, divaricately branched, 6°5—10 cm long and as wide.

Flowers cream, 6mm diam.; pedicels 2— 4mm long; calyx lobes suborbicular or obovate, 2°5—4 x

2mm, puberulous or glabrous; petals broadly ovate, 2 x 1-5 mm, scales half as long, hairy; disc

tomentose; filaments to 2 mm long, anthers 2:25 mm long; ovary tomentose. Capsule shortly

stipitate, subglobose or subobovoid, 3—sulcate, apiculate, 1-1-3 x 1—1:3 cm; valves thin,

puberulous or glabrous outside; densely villous inside; seeds with cupular orange aril. Fig. 4E.

Cooktown, north Queensland to Bulga Plateau, NW of Taree, New South Wales, usually in

rainforests at higher altitudes.

Queensland. Cook District: Big Tableland, about 27 km § by E of Cooktown, Sep 1960, Smith 11172; Kuranda, Jan 1942,

Webb & Tracey 5721: Atherton Tableland, Danbulla area, Nov 1949, Byrne, NorTH KENNEDY District: Mt Fox, Sep-Dec

1949, Clemens, SouTH KENNEDY District: Cowley S.F., W of Cathu, between Mackay and Proserpine, Jun 1965, Webb &

Tracey 7675. Moreton District: Robert’s Plateau, McPherson Ra., Nov 1921, Francis; track to “Best of All” Lookout,

Springbrook, Mar 1979, McDonald & Whiteman 2819. Dagtinc Downs District: 5.F.R. 400, about 35 km 8 of E of War-

wick, Apr 1962, Smith.

Common name: White Tamarind.

4, Cupaniopsis fleckeri S. T. Reynolds, species nova C. anacardioide et C. parvifoliae affinis ab

utroque differt foliis magis chartaceis paucinervis, domatiis subtus praeditis, paniculis

laxis pedunculis gracilis. Typus. Cook District: Coen, Mt White, Jul 1949, H. Flecker

(BRI, holotypus).

Small trees to 9 m; branchlets, petioles, peduncles finely puberulous with pale short hairs soon

glabrous; branchlets usually with scattered red resin glands and minute lenticels. Leaf (with

petiole) 8—15 cm long with 4 or 5 leaflets on each side of rachis; petioles 1:5—4 cm long, terete,

pulvinate; rachis 2—6(—9°5) cm long, subterete; pinnae alternate or subopposite, obovate or

subelliptic, usually broader towards obtuse or retuse apex, margins entire (slightly crenate towards

apex in juvenile leaves), base acute and decurrent, 2—6 x 1°3--2:8cm, glabrous, thinly coriaceous;

nerves and reticulation fine, prominent both surfaces, lateral nerves 4—10 pairs (4—10 mm apart),

angle with midrib about 45°, arched and looping near margins, usually with domatia in some of

their axils; domatia usually prominent | —5 per leaflet; petiolules tumid, 1—2 mm long. Panicles

6°5—17 x 4—13 cm, laxly branched and flowered; peduncles slender, flexuose. Flower 5—8 mm

diam.; pedicels 3—6 mm long; calyx lobes suborbicular, 3°-5—4 x 2°5—4°5 mm, glabrous or

subglabrous; petals white, elliptic or broadly ovate, 3 x 2mm, puberulent at base outside; scales

shorter, pubescent; filaments 2 mm long; anthers as long. Fruits not seen. Fig. 4Q.

Cape York Peninsula, Queensland; in dry rainforest usually on sandstone.

Cook District: Princess Charlotte Bay, northern face of Flinders Island, Aug 1979 & Mar 1981, Smyth; Altanmoni (14°

35'S, 144° 35’), Jul 1972, Hyland 6349.

The new species has affinities with C. anacardioides and C. parvifolia but differs from both in

its thinner leaflets, fewer lateral nerves and presence of domatia on lower surface, and lax panicles

with slender graceful peduncles.

5. Cupaniopsis parvifolia (Bailey) L. Johnson, Contr. N.S.W. Nat. Herb. 3(3):98 (1962); Francis,

Aust. Rain-For. trees ed. 3.249 (1970). Based on Cupania anacardioides var. parvifolia

Bailey, Qd Fl. 1:290 (1899). Types: Main Range and several other localities, southern

Queensland, / M. Bailey (not seen); Mt Perry, J. Keys (BRI, syn).

Cupaniopsis anacardioides var. parvifolia (Bailey) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:904 (1927).

Cupaniopsis anacardioides forma parvifolia (Bailey) Radlk., in Engler, Pflanzenr, 98f:1187

(1933).

Trees to 20 m high, 40 cm girth; branchlets, petioles, rachises, pubescent or puberulent with

short pale brown appressed hairs; branchlets scurfy, usually resin dotted, densely lenticellate, len-

ticels small. Leaves (with petiole) 5°2—7°5(— 15) cm long with 3 or 4(—5) leaflets each side of rachis;

petioles 1—2°5 cm long, subterete, pulvinate; rachis 2°2—4°5(—6°5) cm long, semiterete, adaxially

ridged; pinnae alternate or opposite, usually narrowly obovate or subelliptic, apex obtuse or

retuse, margins entire, base subacute or obtuse, 2:5—7 x 0°7 —2'6(—3:2) cm, glabrous, coriaceous,

shiny, dark green above, glandular punctate; lateral nerves 10—14 pairs (2—5(~—7) mm apart)

slender, patent, reticulate venation very fine, usually indistinct above; petiolules 2—5 mm long,

pulvinate. Panicles 2°5—7-5(—11) x 2:5—9 cm, peduncles tomentose. Flowers 5—6 mm diam.,

pedicels 3--5 mm; calyx lobes broadly ovate or suborbicular, 2~-3:5 x 2—3-5 mm, puberulous or

glabrous; petals broadly ovate, 1:5—2 x 2 mm, scales as long as petals; filaments 2°5 mm long,

anthers 1 mm long. Capsules stipitate, subglobose, apiculate, 0°8—1°2 cm long and diam., peach

with pink flush, 6—sulcate; seed enclosed in orange-yellow aril.

Southeastern Queensland to Gloucester, New South Wales, usually in dry rainforests.

Queensland, W1br Bay District: SE of Bundaberg, Dec 1937, Smith 398; Imbil, Franke. BURNETT District: Eden Vale Hill

near Kingaroy, Oct 1947, Michge/ 3046; Kragra, 100km NE of Chinchilla, Aug 1979, Lithgow; near Memerambi, Dec 1947,

Michael 3112. Moreton Disrrict: Brisbane, Rafting Grounds reserve, 2 km SW of Kenmore, Oct 1979, Jessup & Reynolds

245; Barney View SW of Beaudesert, Jan 1953, Constable; Sarabah Ra., 16kmS of Canungra, Oct 1969, Schodde 5585;

Yarraman, Oct 1924, Cameron. Dargiinc Downs District: Gowrie Junction, Sep 1975, Gilbert, New South Wales:

Unumagar, Jul 1948, Jones; PikapeneS.F. about 19km directly S of Tabulan, Nov 1966, Mayes, Turner & McGillivray 2654.

6. Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A. Richard) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:530n 342 (1879),

& in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f:1186 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:904 (1927); R. H.

Anders., Trees of N.S.W. 3.254 (1957); Francis, Aust. Rain-For. trees, ed 3.249 (1970).

Based on Cupania anacardioides A. Richard, Sert. Astrolab. 33, t. 13 (1834); Benth., FI.

Aust, 1:458 (1863); F. M. Bailey, Qd Fl. 1:290 (1899). Type: Moreton Bay, Fraser (not

seen).

Trees to 15 m high, 25 cm girth; young parts pubescent or puberulent; branchlets, petioles,

rachises pubescent with short pale brown appressed hairs or glabrous, lenticellate;-branchlets often

scurfy. Leaves (with petiole) 13-—29(—40) cm long with 2~4(—6) leaflets on each side or rachis;

petiole 3—7:5(—9) cm, terete, shortly pulvinate; rachis 2:°5— 13-5(—20) cm long, semiterete; pinnae

subopposite or alternate, pale green, mostly obovate with broad retuse apex, or elliptic; apex ob-

tuse, retuse or truncate; margins entire, base obtuse or acute, slightly decurrent, or truncate, rarely

oblique, (4°5—)6—15:5(-19) x (1'7~)3—7°5 cm, glabrous or puberulous below, shiny, darker

above, + coriaceous, sometimes subrigid; nerves and reticulation prominent both surfaces, lateral

nerves (6--)10—20 pairs (6-20 mm apart), patent, arched at tips and looping near margins;

reticulate venation lax, fine; petiolules 2~7(—12) mm long, subterete, channelled above,

pulvinate, pubescent or glabrous. Panicles 8—35 cm long to 38 cm wide, peduncles pubescent,

divaricately branched; cymules 3—7—flowered, stalked, scattered along the branch. Flowers

greenish yellow, 6-8 mm diam.; pedicels 3—7 mm long, puberulent; calyx lobes broadly ovate or

broadly elliptic, 2°54 x 1:5—2-5 mm, puberulent to glabrous; petals broadly ovate, 1:5—3 x

1-5—3 mm, scales half as long as petals; filaments 2°5—3:5 mm long, anthers 2 mm long; ovary

tomentose. Capsules stipitate, subglobose, apiculatae, 3—sulcate, slightly carinate at sutures,

1°5—2°8 x 1°5—2°2 cm, golden yellow with red tinge, puberulent and usually scurfy on outside;

valves thick, coriaceous, densely white villous hairy inside: seed enveloped in yellow or orange-red

aril, Fig. 4F, G,

Widespread along the coast of Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland to Port

Hacking New South Wales, also in New Guinea; on rocky beaches, hilly scrubs; riverine forests.

New Guinea: Western District: Between Bula and Wunj, near mouth of Morehead River, Aug 1967, Pullen 7020, Western

Australia; Pt Warrender, Jul 1973, Webb & Tracey 13132. Northern Territory: South Alligator River, Jul 1975, Parker 668;

Groote Eylandt, Mud Cod Bay, Aug 1972, Dunlop 2955. Queensland: Coox District. Saibai, Torres Strait, Jul 1975,

Stocker 1405; Bonanza Ck., Peach River, Aug 1913, Brass 19836; Littie Mitchell River, about 8kmS of Mt Molloy, Aug

1948, Smith 3901. Burke District: 8 km E of Karumba on Karumba-Dunbar Road, May 1970, Webb & Tracey 10708.

NortH KENNEDY District: Home Hill district, Wangaratta Creek, Dec 1968, Wyatt 3; Kelsey Ck near Proserpine, Heatwoile.

SouTH KENNEDY District: Penrith Is., Great Barrier Reef, Aug 1969, Heafwole. Porr Curtis District: Coconut Pt, 4km$

of Emu Park, Jul 1977, Batianoff & McDonald 139. Wide Bay District: Fraser Is, Dec 1919, Epps: Baupie, Jun 1945,

Clemens. BURNETT District: Castle Mt, Cania Gorge, Nov 1976, Ross, Moreton District: Brisbane River, Sep 1828, Curs-

ingham: Moreton Is., Oct 1973, Durrington 1258. New South Wates: [luka, mouth of Clarence River, Dec 1961, Pedley 949.

Very variable species in size of leaves, leaflets, inflorescences and flowers. Collections from

the islands, frontal dunes and rocky headlands have smaller rigid leaflets approaching C. par-

vifolia in size but easily distinguished from it by its prominent lax nerves and reticulations, and

shorter petiolules.

Common name: Tuckeroo.

Uses: Much grown as a park and street tree.

7. Cupaniopsis newmanii S. T. Reynolds, species nova affinis C. flagelliformis (Bailey) Radlk. sed

differt essentiliter habitu et fructibus velutinis obovoid-obcordatis, foliis majoribus et

petiolulis longioribus. Typus: Moreton District: Lower Beechmont road, near Numinbah

Valley road intersection, Dec 1978, L. W. Jessup & S. T. Reynolds 158 (BRI, holo).

Small trees 2-6 m, usually single stemmed; young parts finely hairy; branchlets stout, fluted,

velvety hairy towards their tips with pale brown + curved hairs; lenticels pale, small on branchlets

petioles and rachises. Leaves (with petiole) (34—)46—72 cm long with (6—)10— 12 leaflets each side

of rachis; petioles (5-5—)8—16 cm long, semiterete, trisulcate at base, puberulent towards base or

glabrous; rachis 21—37 cm long, terete, puberulent or glabrous; pinnae reddish pink when young,

opposite or alternate, narrowly ovate-oblong, elliptic-oblong or ovate-ellliptic, apex acuminate,

shortly cuspidate, subacuate or obtuse; margins remotely and usually irregularly serrulate or

sinuate, with small occasionally incurved teeth; base obtuse, subacute, truncate, oblique,

6°5—20 x 2°5—7'5cm, glabrous, or lower surfaces subglabrous or puberulent especially on midrib

and nerves; coriaceous, subrigid and coarse; lateral nerves 8—16 pairs, oblique and divergent

(angle with midrib 40°—50°), raised below; reticulation prominent; petiolules (0°8—)1-5—3 cm

long, slender, often channelled above, shortly pulvinate, puberulent to glabrous. Panicles 10—38

cm long, laxly branched, males with long flexuose branches; females usually erect with short bran-

ches, peduncles densely pubescent with short dense hairs intermingled with longer curved hairs.

Flowers deep pink, 6-8 mm diam.; pedicels 2—3 mm long; calyx lobes broadly ovate or elliptic,

dull red, 5-7 x 2°5—4 mm, pubescent outside; petals white, broadly ovate, +shortly clawed,

2’5 x3 mm; scales shorter, obovate, pubescent; disc glabrous; filaments 2—4 mm long; anthers 2

mm long, puberulent at sides; ovary ferrugineus tomentose. Capsules sessile, rusty brown with

pink flush, obovoid—obcordate, apiculatae, grooved.at sutures, 3—lobed at apex, 1°8—2:4 x

1-6—2°7 cm, finely velvety tomentose; valves +thin, densely villous inside; drying deeply and

transversely wrinkled on outside; seeds enclosed to about the middle in a yellow cupular aril. Fig.

4H,I,J,K, L, M,N.

Border ranges between Queensland and New South Wales, on margins of rainforests.

Queensland: Mortron District; About 3 km § of Advancetown on road to Springbrook, Oct 1973, Sharpe & Dowling;

Tamborine Mt, Mar 1976, Sharpe & Reynolds 1895; Springbrook, Sep 1931, Rudder. New South Wales: Mooball S.F., SSE

of Murwillumbah, Noy 1960, Floyd & Hayes (FOR. COMM. N.S.W.)}; Mebbin 8.F., SW of Murwillumbah, Dec 1954,

Hayes (FOR. COMM. N.S.W,).

C. newmanii is closely related to C. flagelliformis differing mainly in its habit and velvety

obovoid-obcordate fruits. Its leaves are also larger and petiolules longer.

8. Cupaniopsis serrata (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:530 (1879), & in Engler,

Pflanzenr. 98f:1183 (1933); Domin, Biblioth, Bot. 89:903 (1927); Francis, Aust. Rain-For.

trees ed 3.252 (1970). Based on Cupania serrata F. Muell., Fragm. 3:43 (1863); Benth. FI.

Aust. 1:458 (1863); F. M, Bailey, Qd Fl. 1:291 (1899). Type: Pine River, Moreton Bay,

Hill (MEL 84181, holo).

Trees to 12m; young parts pale rusty pubescent; branchlets, petioles, rachises, peduncles rusty

brown pubescent or puberulent with spreading villose hairs intermingled with short appressed

hairs; lenticels dense in grooves of branchlets and base of petioles. Leaf (with petiole) 9-5 —18(—26)

cm long with 3—6(— 8) leaflets on each side of rachis: petioles 4—7:5 cm long, semiterete, trisulcate;

rachis 4°5—14+5(—17) cm long, bisulcate above; pinnae alternate, oblong-ovate tapering at tips, or

narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate or shortly cuspidate; margins coarsely serrate or remotely ser-

rulate, with usually sharp (spinulose) teeth; base obtuse, subtruncate or subacute, often slightly

oblique, 6—-12°5 x 2—5 cm, glabrous or puberulous especially on midribs and nerves below,

semicoriaceous, subrigid; lateral nerves and reticulation coarse, strongly raised below; lateral

nerves 10-16 pairs, + patent (angle with midrib 60° —80°), usually terminating in marginal teeth;

petiolules 1—5 mm long, pulvinate, pubescent. Inflorescences 1~--6°5 cm long, racemiform, rarely

with 1 or 2 branches, densely flowered with compact 3~—5—flowered, subsessile cymules; bracts

ovate-oblong sericeous. Flowers white, 6—8 mm diam.; sessile or subsessile (pedicels to 1 mm

long); calyx lobes ovate or suborbicular 4—5 x 3:5 mm, pubescent outside; petals broadly ovate,

2:2 x 2mm; disc glabrous; filaments 2mm long, anthers 1°5 mm long; ovary densely villous, Cap-

sules sessile, subglobose, apiculate, 1-2—1:6 x 1:5—x1:8cm, obtusely 3—lobed; valves thin, finely

rusty brown velvety hairy outside, silky inside; slightly wrinkled when dry; seed nearly enclosed in

orange aril. Fig. 4C, D.

Southeastern Queensland: on rocky hillsides in rainforests, usually as an understorey tree.

Wipe Bay District: 8.F. 502, 8 km N of Gympie, Sep 1976, Henderson: Lagoon Pocket, White 9231; Imbil, Aug 1935,

White 11405. Moreton District: Eudlo Creek, Nov 1981, Simmonds; Blackall Range, Nov 1916, Wire.

9. Cupaniopsis flagelliformis (Bailey) Radlk., Fedde Repert. 20:31 (1924), & in Engler, Pflanzenr.

98f:1185 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:904 (1927). Based on Cupania flagelliformis

Bailey, Qd Bot. Bull. 8:73 (1893), & Qd FI. 1:291 (1900). Type: Barron River, E. Cowley

(BRI, holo).

C. curvidentata (Bailey) Radlk., l.c. 31 (1924); 98f:1186 (1933). Based on Cupania curviden-

tata Bailey, Qd Agri. J. 5:483 (1899) and Qd FI. 1:292 (1899). Type: Stony Ck, near Cairns,

L. J. Nugent (BRI, holo).

Trees 4—25 m high, to 30 cm girth; young parts densely pubescent; branchlets, petioles,

rachises, petiolules pubescent to puberulent, indumentum of short yellow brown hairs intermixed

with longer +crispate hairs; lenticels pale, small, scattered on branchlets, usually clustered at base

of petioles. Leaves with petiole 14°5~38(—45) cm long with (4—)5—7(— 10) leaflets on each side of

rachis; petioles 3—9(— 10:5) cm long, semiterete, trisulcate at base; rachis 6—-18{—26) cm long,

subterete, bisulcate above; pinnae opposite or alternate, narrowly elliptic-oblong or subobovate;

apex subacute, shortly cuspidate, obtuse, subtruncate, denticulate; margins serrate, serrulate or

sinuate, usually regularly serrate (or serrulate) and nerved with parallel lateral nerves ending in ser-

rations; teeth small and incurved, or coarse; bases obtuse, subacute or truncate, unequal,

3°5—14°5(—18) x 2—5S:2.cm, upper surfaces drying paler, glabrous or puberulous especially on the

nerves, lower ones pubescent or puberulent, midribs densely hairy; thinly coriaceous, drying

subrigid; lateral nerves and reticulate venation raised below, lateral nerves 6—14 pairs, oblique

(angle with midrib 45°—60°), parallel, regular; petiolules 1—-8(—12) mm long, subterete,

pulvinate. Panicles 5:-5—35(—55}cm long, secondary peduncles long, slender, flexuose, 3°5—60.cm

long, tertiary ones to 18 cm long bearing small clusters of 2—5--flowered sessile cymules;

peduncles densely pubescent; bracts ovate, 4 x 2 mm, densely villous. Flowers pink, 7-9 mm

diam., sessile; calyx lobes red, broadly obovate, 4—5 x 3-5—5 mm, pubescent or puberulent out-

side; petals broadly ovate 2—2°5 x 2~2°5 mm, scales nearly as long; disc glabrous; filaments to 1:5

mm long; anthers to 2mm long. Capsules sessile, pink-brown, orange or yellow, broadly obovoid

or ellipsoid, 3—Iobed, grooved at sutures, 1°4—2:2 x 1:6—2°6 cm; valves thick, densely + villous

outside with yellow brown hairs, pubescent inside; drying deeply wrinkled outside; seed nearly

enclosed in orange aril. Fig. 4R, 8, T.

North Queensland and on ranges in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South

Wales; usually at altitudes 680—1000 m, in rainforests on red basaltic soil.

Two varieties are recognisable: —

Secondary peduncles to 60 cm long, tertiary ones to 18 cm long. Capsule pinkish brown.

Leaflets to 10-paired. Petiolules 2—12 mm long. N. Qld...........c eee var. flagelliformis

Secondary peduncles to 17 cm long, tertiary ones absent. Capsule yellow or orange.

Leaflets to 7-paired; petiolules 1—4 mm long. S.E.Qld & N.S.W........cccecee ease var. australis

9a. Cupaniopsis flagelliformis var. flagelliformis

North Queensland: Cape York to Tully River.

Queensland: Coox District: Rockingham Bay, Dalfachy (MEL 98820, 98821); Telegraph Line, Oct 1870 & Nov 1870,

Dallachy (MEL 98817, 98822); Harvey Creek, Oct 1947, Flecker; S.F.R. 185, Riding L.A. (17° 08'S, 145° 36’E), Oct 1976,

irvine 1799; S.F_R. 185, Lake L.A. (17° 09'S, 145° 36’E), Sep 1968, Hyland 1959 (QRS); S.F.R. 194 (R263) (17° 15'S, 145°

25E), Nov 1963, Hyland 624 (QRS); S.F.R. 452 (17° 16S, 145° 35'E), Sep 1968, Hyland 1912 (QRS); Atherton Tableland,

Russel Rd, Peeramon(17° 2—'S, 145° 40’E), Sep 1977, Endress, Gray & Nolan 4246; Boonjie, W of Mt Bartle Frere, in 1962,

Webb & Tracey 6576, & Oct 1929, Kajewski 1238; Glen Allyn, Atherton Tableland (17° 24'S, 145° 41'E), Dec 1978, Webb &

Tracey 13216. Warrammi Hill, W of North Johnstone River, Nov 1982, Jessup 510. NorTH KENNEDY District: Tully Falls,

S.F.R. 251, Oct 1953, Volek:

9b. Cupaniopsis flagelliformis var. australis S. T. Reynolds, varietas nova; a var. flagelliformis im-

primis differt fructibus luteis subrotundis, petiolulis et ramulis paniculae brevioribus.

Typus: New South Wales: Wiangaree S. F., 8 Jan 1981, L. Bird (BRI, holo), Dec 1982, L.

Bird (BRI, para).

Moreton Disrricr: Roberts Plateau, Jan 1919, White. New South Wales: Whian Whian S.F., May 1954, Hayes (FOR.

COMM.N.S.W.); Rocky Creek, Whian Whian S.F., May 1956, Floyd & Hayes (FOR. COMM. N.S.W.); Wiangaree S.F.,

Jan 1980, Bird; Lynch’s Creek, Wiangaree S.F., Nov 1963, Floyd & Hayes (FOR, COMM. N.S.W.); The Risk, Upper Rich-

mond River, in 1949, Jones (FOR. COMM. N.S.W.); Wilson Creek, Boat Harbour near Lismore, Oct 1976, Floyd (FOR.

COMM. N.S.W.); Victoria Park, 8°1 km S of Alstonville, Nov 1971. O’Hara & Coveny 3489,

10. Cupaniopsis tomentella (F. Muell. ex Benth.) S. T. Reynolds, comb. nov. Based on Cupania

tomentelia F. Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:458 (1863); F. Muell., Fragm. 9:94 (1875); F. M.

Bailey, Synop. Qd FI. 1:76 (1883), & Qd Fl. 1:292 (1899). Type: Scrubs near Ipswich,

Moreton Bay, W. ill (MEL 84182, holo).

Cupaniopsis serrata var. tomentella (F, Muell. ex Benth.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:903

(1927).

Cupaniopsis serrata f. tomentella (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad.

9:585 (1879), & in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f:1184 (1933).

Trees to 10 m; young parts, branchlets, petioles, rachises, petiolules and peduncles densely

tomentose with pale brown spreading +crispate hairs; branchlets fluted, lenticellate; lenticels

elliptic, dense in the grooves. Leaves with petiole 12°5—22 cm long with 3 or 4(—5) leaflets on each

side of rachis; petioles 3:5—7 cm long, subterete, pulvinate; rachis 6—13 cm long, terete, often

bisulcate above; pinnae alternate, elliptic, oblong or subobovate, apex rounded, obtuse, truncate,

retuse or often denticulate; margins subentire, or sinuate with remote minute serrulations especial-

ly towards apex, base obtuse or subacute usually oblique, 4-9 x 2—4 cm, glabrous above or

midribs and nerves puberulent, lower surfaces puberulent with pubescent midribs;

semicoriaceous: lateral nerves 6— 12 pairs, irregular, angle with midrib about 45°, reticulatae vena-

tion dense, prominent both surfaces; petiolules slender, channelled above, 7—10 mm long.

Panicles erect 2—9 cm long, usually divaricately branched with racemose branches 2--5-5 cm long;

bracts broadly ovate 2 x 2—3 mm long, sericeous outside. Flowers greenish white 7-8 mm diam.;

pedicels to 1 mm long; calyx lobes elliptic or suborbicular 5—6 x 4mm, pubescent outside; petals

broadly obovate 2°5 x 2mm, puberulent outside; scales obovate, as long as petals; filaments 2—-5

mm long, anthers 2 mm long, puberulent; ovary densely tomentose. Capsule sessile, depressed

ellipsoid, flat on top and at base, with sunken style, drying obtriangular, 2—2°5 x 3—4 cm, orange-

yellow with red flush at base; obscurely 3—(or 4)—lobed, slightly grooved at sutures, pale yellow

tomentose outside with dense short hairs; valves thick, rugose, drying deeply and irregularly

wrinkled outside; seeds dark brown, shiny, + covered by thin, pale yellow aril with repand distal

end. Fig. 4 A, B.

South-eastern Queensland, usually in dry scrubs.

Wipe Bay District: Bundaberg, Dec 1930, Michael 1816. Moreton District: Roadvale, Jan 1934, Michael 2035; Midway

between Mt Edwards and Kalbar on Lake Moogerah — Fassifern Rd., Dec 1978, Eiso/ & Stan/ey 502; Mt French, Jan 1982,

Bird.

LE,

Fig. 4. CUPANIOPSIS. C. tomentella: A. habit (< 2). B. fruit (x 1), dried material. C. serrata: C. fruit (x 1). D. leaflet

margin (x 1). C. foveolata: E. leaflet margin (x 1). C. anacardioides: F. flower, showing long pedicel (x 3). G. fruit (x 1).

G. newinanit: H.. flower, showing short pedicel (x-3). I. petal with scales, no crest (x 6). J. large sepal (x 6). K. small sepal

(< 6). L. leaflet, showing long petiolule (x 42). M. fruit (x 1). N. seed, showing aril (¥ 1). C. wadsweorthti: O. leaf (onc pair

of leaflets)( x +4), C. shirleyana: P. leaf (x 2). C. flecker?: Q. leaf(* 14). C. flagelfiformis: R. inflorescence (x 1), S. leaflet

(< 1). T. fruit (x 1).

SARCOPTERYX

Sarcopteryx Radik., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 127 (1879), & in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f: 1232-1238

(1933). Type: S. sgquamosa (Roxb.)} Radlk., based on Sapindus squamosus Roxb. (lectotypus

novus).

Trees with saponin in bark, twigs and leaves; branchlets terete, ribbed towards apex, usually

dark brown or rusty hairy; indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves petiolate, paripinnate; leaflets

1—4—paired, entire, lower surfaces with clavate glandlets; lateral nerves arched, raised below,

usually widening near midrib and forming domatia-like pockets; petiolulate. Inflorescences ax-

illary, thyrsoid, paniculiform with racemose branches; cymules 2—or 3— (rarely more) — flowered;

bracts long and narrow. Flowers small, regular; males and females usually on same inflorescences;

pedicel articulate below middle; calyx shortly cupular, 5—lobed, lobes ovate, imbricate at base;

petals 5, broadly ovate, obovate or suborbicular, shortly clawed, slightly papillose; inside with 2

densely villous, crested scales; scales nearly as long as petals; crests usually small, inconspicuous;

disc annular, fleshy, glabrous; stamens 7 or 8, filaments filiform, exerted, hairy; anthers papillose;

ovary obovoid, 3—locular with solitary ovule in each cell; style filiform, persistent. Capsules sessile

or stipitate; slightly fleshy, obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, cuspidate (residual style}, obtusely angled

or winged at sutures (young ones usually triquetrous}, 3—locular; 3—seeded; loculicidally

3—valved from apex; valves coriaceous, drying + woody, glabrous inside, glabrous or hairy out-

side; seeds usually ellipsoid; aril thin, usually enclosing seed.

Eleven species: Eastern Malaysia, New Guinea to Australia; five (three new) in Australia

(eastern).

1. Capsule wingless, sometimes obtusely keeled at SULUTES .............ccccceeceeeceeeeseseeseesaeeueeuteuess 2

Capsule with That, acute WHS chide ontsS cccoecedansareeoneesnsadsaderesaghes pedunpicaeracsealedeoceesinaserganies 3

2 Capsule narrowing at base into a short stipe, obovoid slightly carinate or angled at

sutures. Indumentum of dense or sparse + straight dark brown or pale hairs.

Leaflets narrowly and obliquely elliptic, 3:5—9°7 x 1:2—4 cm; reticulation fine,

DAG Me aasacte pete ey Mes tate pac cea te ce rate Bata ta ata ee Raat ae Attant dled Mace MEE ire shld Ale oe, Sites 1.8. stipata

Capsule sessile, subglobose or transversely ellipsoid, keeled at sutures. Indumentum

of dense, + crispate, ferrugineus or hoary hairs. Leaflets elliptic or subovate-

oblong, 5:8--12'5 x 2—4-°5 cm; reticulation dense, prominently raised when dry

bh bas Sr rveh aay Des oot dap att dav eteneaithseahiarrdalseedeta tess Alubun ste ei pee rae’ ths uarbhtods 2. S. reticulata

3 Capsule golden yellow often with pink flush, tomentose to puberulent. Leaflets +

rigid, margins usually slightly recurved. Bracts slender and long, erect ......... 3.8. montana

Capsule pinkish-red or red, pubescent or glabrous. Leaflets and bracts not as

GDGVS: ir Bredevartiatite tes ord = cunahde dedvdn at ner ceenetemed erin itl tert onends seqneth ol Se omeahigateaneedpertetva Tea 4

4 Leaflets 1— or 2(—3}—paired, (3°5—)7—18°5 x (1—)2:5—6°5 cm, acute or acuminate;

hairy especially below. Inflorescences with tight closely arranged dense clusters of

cymules. Capsule broadly obovoid or ellipsoid with fairly thin wings .......... 4. S. martyana

Leaflets 3— or 4—paired, 3-5— 10-7 x 1:3—4°3 cm, usually long acuminate; glabrous

or puberulous below. Inflorescences with lax scattered cymules. Capsules broadly

ovoid or ellipsoid, apiculum conical at base; wings thick, coriaceous ......... 5.8. acuminata

1. Sarcopteryx stipata (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:544 n 635 (1879) & in Engler,

Pflanzenr. 98f:1237 (1933) (“stipitata”); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:906 (1927); Francis,

Aust. Rain-For. trees ed 3.256 (1970). Based on Cupania stipata F. Muell., Fragm. 2:75 &

175 (1860-61); 3:12 (1862). Type: Clarence River, Dr H. Beckler (MEL 84174, holo).

Ratonia stipitata (F. Muell.) Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:461 (1863); F. M. Bailey, Qd Fl. 1:297 (1899).

Trees to L0(—25) m, young parts dark brown velvety hairy; branchlets, petioles, rachises,

petiolules, peduncles, pubescent with + straight, black or dark brown to pale hairs or glabrous.

Leaves with petiole 1O—21 cm long with (2—)3 or 4 leaflets each side of rachis; petioles 2~3+3 cm

long, semiterete, shortly and broadly pulvinate at base; rachis (2—)4'5—7 cm long, subterete; pin-

nae opposite or alternate, obliquely and narrowly elliptic or subobovate or ovate-oblong, narrow-

ing at both ends, apex acuminate (often abruptly so), base oblique, obtuse or acute, shortly

decurrent, 3:5—9°7 x 1-2—4cm, glabrous or puberulous especially towards base of midribs below,

shiny, coriaceous, subrigid; lateral nerves 6—13 pairs, arched and ascending, laxly and very finely

reticulate; petiolules 5-10 mm long, semiterete, pulvinate. Inflorescences racemiform or

paniculiform 3—14 x 1—8 cm, laxly flowered, peduncles pubescent to puberulent with scattered 2

or 3—flowered cymules or flowers solitary especially towards apex. Flowers 3:5—5(—7)mm diam. ;

pedicels 2—6 mm long, puberulent; calyx 2 x 4:5 mm, lobes ovate oblong, obtuse, 1-5-2 x 1 mm,

sparsely pale brown appressed hairy outside, pubescent inside; petals broadly ovate 1:7—2°5 x 1'5

mm, scales as long, hairy, crests papillose; filaments 2°5—3:5 mm long, shortly hairy; ovary and

style sparsely hairy; styles 2—2°5 mm long. Capsules pinkish red, obovoid, narrowing into short

broad stipe (especially when young), angular and carinate at sutures especially towards base,

cuspidate at apex, 1:3—2:-4 x 1-—2 cm; valves + fleshy, thickly coriaceous; seeds brown; aril

yellow, bilobed, erosed at margin; stipe 2—4 mm long (longer when immature). Fig. 5 E, F,

Mt Cooroy, south-eastern Queensland to Bulga Plateau NW of Taree, New South Wales; at

edge of subtropical montane forests, usually on rocky soil.

Queensland. Wipe Bay District: Summit of Mt Cooroy, S of Tewantin-Cooroy Road, Jun 1979, Jessup & Sharpe 204,

Moreton District: Summit of D’Aguilar Ra near Mt Glorious, Nov 1972, Lebler & Durrington; Mt Glorious, Dec 1980,

Byrnes & Jessup 4061; Beechmont, Dec 1978, Jessup & Reynolds 165; Upper Currumbin Ck, 2km ESE of Boyd’s Butte, Aug

1976, McDonald & Whiteman 1567. New South Wales: Wiangaree S.F., Tweed Range, about 21 km NE of Kyogle, Oct

1969, Schodde 5619; Gibbergunyah Range, Dec 1953, Smith 5121.

Common name: Corduroy Tree or Steelwood.

2. Sarcopteryx reticulata S. T. Reynolds, species nova S. martyanae primo adspectu simile sed

foliolatis coriaceis, utrinque manifeste reticulatis, inflorescentiis laxis, fructibus carinatis

ealatis; accedit S. stipatae autem indumento plerumque dense ferrugineo vel incano, pilis

crispatis et fructibus sessilis differt. Typus: Cook District: Black Mt Rd, Kuranda, Dec

1963, L. J. Webb & J. G. Tracey 8222 (BRI, holo).

Trees 6—25 m high, to 25 cm girth; young parts loosely rusty tomentose; branchlets, petioles,

rachises, petiolules subferrugineus or hoary tomentose with usually + crispate hairs. Leaves (with

petiole) (11--)16—28 cm long with 2 or 3(—4) leaflets each side of rachis; petioles 1:8—4(—12) cm

long, semiterete, broadly, shortly pulvinate at base; rachis 2—4°5(— 13) cmlong, semiterete; pinnae

alternate, elliptic-oblong, subobovate-elliptic or subovate-oblong, apex acuminate (occasionally

abruptly acuminate) or acute, base acute or subobtuse, oblique, decurrent, 5-8—12°5 x 2—4'5cm,

glabrous above, puberulent or subglabrous below; midribs pubescent to subglabrous; coriaceous,

shiny above; lateral nerves 8—12 pairs, obliquely arched ascending, with domatia-like pockets in

some of their axils and raised + dense reticulation between them; petiolules 4-7 mm long,

subterete, pulvinate. Panicles 3°5—16 cm long, to 13 cm wide, laxly branched and flowered;

peduncles rusty tomentose, branches slender, with scattered 2— or 3(—5)—flowered cymules

towards the base and solitary flowers towards top; bracts ovate-oblong, 2:5 x 1 mm, densely rusty

villous outside. Flowers cream, 4—5 mm diam.; pedicels 2°5—5 mm, pubescent; calyx lobes ovate-

oblong 2 x 1 mm, yellow brown pubescent or puberulent; petals suborbicular, often clawed, 1:5--2

x 1-5-2 mm, scales as long, broad, pubescent; crests thin; filaments 3-6 mm long; ovary hoary

tomentose; style 5—6 mm long. Capsules sessile, dull pink to red, 1—1°8 x 1—1-8 cm, subglobose

or broadly subovoid, cuspidate at apex with slender apiculum to 5 mm long; carinate at sutures

(obtusely winged in young ones); valves coriaceous, 2~3 mm thick. Fig. 5I, J.

North Queensland: Annan River to Atherton Tableland; often along creeks, at margins of

rainforests,

Cook District: Upper Parrot Creek, Annan River, Sep 1948, Brass 20297; about 29 km NNW of Daintree, Nov 1967,

Boyland & Gillieatt 502; Noah Ck, between Daintree R and Cape Tribulation (16° 10'S, 145° 20'E), Oct 1967, Myland 1077;

S.F.R. 143, Litthe Mossman L.A. (16° 32'S, 145° 22E), Nov 1978, Gray 1137 (QRS); Range Rd, Atherton Tableland, Nov

1929, Kajewsk! 1325; S.F.R. 607, Bridle L.A. (16° 58'S, 145° 36°F), Sep 1978, Gray 1022.

The new species is very similar to S. martyana (F. Muell.) Radlk., but differs from it in its cor-

iaceous prominently nerved and densely reticulate leaflets, lax inflorescences, carinate, wingless

fruits. It approaches S. stipata (F. Muell.) Radlk. in leaves and inflorescences but differs in its

densely ferrugineus or hoary, + crispate hairs and sessile fruits.

3. Sarcopteryx montana S.T. Reynolds, species novaaS. martyanae foliolatis parvioribus aliquan-

tum rigidis marginibus recurvatis praeditis et fructibus majusculis aureis tomentosis differt.

Typus: Cook District: 23:2 km up Mt Lewis Rd, turn off from Mt Molloy-Mossman Rd

(16° 33'S, 145° 17’B), alt 1000 m, 31 Jan 1981, L. Wo Jessup & J. R. Clarkson 293 (BRI,

holotypus).

Trees to 15 m high 20 cm girth; young parts, peduncles usually rusty brown tomentose;

branchlets, petioles, rachises, petiolules dirty or rusty brown crispate tomentose to puberulent;

lenticels small, scattered on branchlets. Leaves (with petiole) 7:5— 16-5(— 20) cm long with 2 (or 3)

pairs of leaflets; petioles 1-3:5 cm long, semiterete, broad at base; rachis 1~3+5(—7) cm long,

semiterete; pinnae usually opposite, elliptic or subobovate, slightly wider above middle; apex acute

or abruptly, shortly acuminate; margins often slightly recurved; base oblique or suboblique, acute

or subobtuse, 3°5—9'1 x 1-6—4:1 cm, upper surfaces rough, glabrous or puberulous, lower ones

puberulent especially on nerves; midribs pubescent, especially below; coriaceous, slightly rigid;

lateral nerves 7—9 pairs, arched ascending, raised below, often bullate between the nerves;

reticulate venation fine, lax, indistinct above; petiolules 3— 10mm long, semiterete. Panicles 6—11

x 2—7 cm, branches racemiform; bracts slender, linear-ovate-oblong, to 7 x 1:5 mm, thick, erect,

crispate tomentose outside. Flowers 5 mm diam. ; pedicels to 2 mm long; calyx lobes ovate, obtuse,

2 x 1:5 mm, densely villous outside; petals obovate, shortly clawed, 2:5 x 2mm, pubescent inside,

scales longer or as long, densely villous; crests slender, thin, usually hidden by hairs; filaments

densely hairy. Capsules sessile, golden or dirty yellow, often with pink flush, broadly obovoid or

ellipsoid, 1-7—2:2 x 1:4~-2:4 cm, cuspidate at apex, (apiculum conical at base, to 8 mm long

especially when young), 3—gonous with flat dorsal wings from apex to base, rusty golden crispate

tomentose to puberulous; wings compressed 3—7 mm wide, coriaceous; valves coriaceous.

Fig. 5 K.

Northern Queensland: usually in montane rainforests (altitudes 450-1200 m), from Thorn-

ton Peak to Mt Spurgeon; on exposed rocky ridges.

Cook District: Thornton Peak, N.P.R, 164 (16° 10'S, 145° 20°F}, Nov 1972, Hyland 7086, & Nov 1940, Flecker,; S.F.R. 143

(16° 30'S, 145° 16°E), May 1973, Hyland 2789; May 1976, Hyland 3422; Feb 1977, Gray 283; S.F.R. 143, North Mary L.A.,

(16° 30'S, 145° 15°E), Dec 1974, Hyland 3148; Mt Spurgeon, Sep 1936, White 1624.

The new species differs from S, martyana in its smaller subrigid leaflets with recurved margins

and its rather large golden tomentose fruits. It is probably close to S. coriacea Radlk. (ex descr.)

from New Guinea.

4. Sarcopteryx martyana (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 58 (1879); & in Engler, Pflanzenr.

98f:1237 (1933); Domin, Biblioth, Bot. 89:906 (1927), Based on Cupania martyana F.

Muell., Fragm. 5:6 (1865). Type: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (MEL 84173; 84179—80

holo).

Ratonia martyana (F. Muell.) Bailey, Qd FI. 1:298 (1899).

Trees 7-20 m high to 25 cm girth; young parts, petioles, rachises, petiolules, peduncles and

usually lower surfaces of leaves densely ferrungineus hairy with loose villose or crinkly spreading

hairs; branchlets dark brown velvety hairy; lenticels smal!. Leaves (with petiole) 12-5 -25(—30) cm

long with 1—2(—3) leaflets each side of rachis; petioles 1—5-5 cm long, subterete, broadly and

shortly pulvinate; rachis 2°5—8-5 cm long, terete; pinnae opposite to alternate, ovate-oblong or

ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, tapering to acute-acuminate apex or abruptly acuminate; base

broad, oblique, obtuse or subacute, (3:5—)7—18°5 x (1—)2°5—6°5 cm, glabrous or puberulous

above, pubescent or puberulent below, + coriaceous, midribs and margins of leaflets usually

densely red villose hairy; lateral nerves 8— 14 pairs, obliquely arched and ascending, strongly raised

below, with lax reticulate venation between them, often drying somewhat bullate; petiolules 5— 12

mm long, subterete, pulvinate. Panicles 4:5—18 x 2°5—21 cm, copiously flowered with closely

arranged dense clusters of shortly stalked cymules, cymules usually more than 3— flowered; bracts

ovate-oblong 1°S5—2 x 0:5 mm. Flowers 3°5—5 mm diam.; pedicels 2—4 mm long; calyx lobes

ovate, 2 x 1—1:2mm, densely rusty villous on outside; petals obovate, 2'2—2'5 x 1-5 mm, scales

as long, densely hairy on margins, crests slender; filaments 2:5—3 mm long; ovary sessile, densely

villous; styles 3—4 mm long, pubescent. Capsules sessile, pink or red, 1—1'4 x 1:2—1-8cm, broad-

ly obovoid, depressed above, cuspidate, 3—gonous; narrowly winged at angles; wings + fragile,

flat 3—4 mm wide; valves + woody; seed with thin, yellow ventral aril. Fig. 5 G, H.

Fig. 5. SARCOPTERYX. 8S. acuminata: A. habit, with flowers (x 1). B. flower (x 3}. C. petal (x 4). D. fruit (< 1). S.

Stipata: E, habit, with fruit (x 1). F. open fruit, showing aril and seed (x 1). S. nartyana: G. inflorescence (x 1). H. fruit (x

1). 8. reticulata: I, flower (x 3). J. fruit (x 1). §. montana: K. habit, with fruit,

Northern Queensland: Atherton Tableland to Eungella Ra.; in rainforest margins.

Cook District: Crystal Cascades, 12 km N of Cairns, Nov 1967, Boyland & Gilleiatt 352; Pine Ck, Forestry Rd-Malbon

Thompson Ra (17° 04'S, 145° 52'E), Webb & Tracey 13273; S.F.R. 185, Ridings L.A. (17° 08'S, 145° 36’E}, Dec 1976, Irvine

1810; Jan 1979, Gray 1236 (QRS); S.F.R. 194, Scrubby L.A. (17° 17'S, 145° 47’E), May 1971, Dockril/ 100; Lacey’s Ck (17°

22'S, 146° 04’E)}, Nov 1951, Smith 4944; Tinaroo Range near Danbulla, Oct & Nov 1948, Byrne i &2;S.F.R. 1137 (17° 50S,

146° 05’E), Oct 1968, Hyland 2092 (QRS), NorTH KENNEDY District: Mt Fox, Sep-Dec 1949, Cleniens; Dotswood Holding

(19° 10S, 146° 22’E), Nov 1979, Hyland 10076; Jarra Ck near Tully, Nov 1963, Hyland 691, SouTH Kennepy DIsTRICcT:

Eungeila Range via Mackay, Oct 1922, Francis.

5. Sarcopteryx acuminata S. T. Reynolds, species nova a S. montanae fructibus roseis, glabrior-

ibus, inflorescentibus grandioribus, foliolatis plerumque apice attenuatis acuminatis et

marginibus non recurvatis differt. Typus: Cook District: S.F.R. 755, near Topaz,

Gosschalk L.A. (17° 23'S, 145° 47’E), Dec 1977, B. Gray 822 (BRI, holo; QRS, iso).

Small trees 3—15 m; young parts pale rusty velvety hairy; branchlets, petioles, rachises,

petiolules with loose, + crispate, rusty or hoary hairs, pubescent to glabrous. Leaves (with petiole)

(6°5—)9-5—24 cm long, with 3—4(—5) leaflets each side of rachis; petioles (1:5—)2:S—6°5 cm,

subterete, broadly and shortly pulvinate; rachis (1:5—)4—10 cm, semiterete; pinnae alternate,

elliptic, elliptic-ovate or ovate-oblong, subfalcate, apex acuminate, subcaudate or acute, base obli-

que, slightly rounded, obtuse or subacute, shortly decurrent 3°5—10-7 x 1:3—4°3 cm, glabrous or

lower surfaces puberulent, midribs usually puberulent; shiny above, coriaceous; lateral nerves

§—10 pairs, subpatent, arched and ascending at tips; reticulation lax, prominent; petiolules

(2—)S—14mm long, terete, pulvinate. Panicles usually much longer than leaves, 4°5—23 cm long,

to 20-5 cm wide; peduncles rusty crispate tomentose; branches laxly flowered, with 2— or

3—flowered cymules; bracts subulate, 3 x 0°5 mm. Flowers 5-6 mm diam.; creamy yellow, slight-

ly perfumed; pedicels 3—5 mm long, pubescent; calyx lobes narrowly oblong-obovate, usually

erect, concave towards apex, 2—2'5 x 0°7—1 mm, pubescent or puberulent outside, pubescent in-

side; petals elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 2°5 x 1:2 mm, subglabrous outside, scales half as long, pubes-

cent on margins; crests usually minute; filaments 3—6 mm long, densely hairy. Capsules sessile,

deep pink, 1-4—1°8 x1-4—1°8 cm, broadly ovoid or transversely ellipsoid, cuspidate at apex;

apiculum to 4 mm long; 3—(or 4)—lobed, dorsally winged with flat coriaceous wings extending

from apex to base of fruit, puberulous or glabrous; wings 3—4 mm wide. Fig. 5 A, B, C, D.

Northern Queensland in rainforests often at higher altitudes.

Cook District: Shipton’s Flat (15° 40'S, 145° 10), Sep 1948, Brass 20227; Mt Finnigan (15° 40'S, 145° 10'E), Sep 1948,

Brass 20114 & 20062; S.F.R. 755, Boonjie L.A. (17° 23'S, 145° 47'E}, near Topaz, Sep 1977, Gray 704; S.F.R. 310, Swipers

L.A. (17° 23'S, 145° 46’E), Sept 1978, Hyland 9758.

The species differs from S. montana in its more or less glabrous pink fruits; larger

inflorescences, and leaflets usually with attenuate acuminate tips; margins not recurved.

DISTICHOSTEMON

Distichostemon F. Muell., in Hook., J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc 9:306 (1857). Type: D. phyllopterus

F, Muell. (= D. hispidulus (Endl.) Baill.)

Shrubs, usually low and hispid hairy; branchlets slender, young ones densely pale hairy,

indumentum of simple, spreading usually hispid hairs. Leaves simple, alternate, obovate, elliptic

or oblong, margins entire, serrulate or crenulate; surfaces usually soft and hairy; petioles slender.

Inflorescences axillary or terminal, slender, open racemes or + paniculate or flowers solitary;

bracts slender. Flowers polygamous, monoecious or dioecious, regular, small; pedicellate; sepals

5—10, elliptic or ovate-elliptic-oblong, usually narrow and with distinct midrib, slightly imbricate;

petals absent; disc small; stamens 8—74, usually irregularly 2—many seriate; free; filaments

glabrous; anthers linear, elongate, often falcate, apiculate with prominent glanduliform apiculum;

hairy especially on margins; ovary oblongoid or obovoid, 3—8—lobed, usually densely pubescent;

3—8-—locular; ovules two in each cell; style filiform, simple, often twisted; stigma simple or

minutely 2—4—lobed. Capsules usually lobed, obovoid or oblongoid, usually chartaceous,

inflated, usually hairy; lobes 3—8, loculicidally dehiscent; valves usually dorsally produced into

broad or narrow, often herbaceous wings, or winged only at top of fruit; septa membranous,

shiny, pubescent; seeds 2 in each loculus, shiny, globose, with marked annular, disciform, tumid

base; exarillate..

Six species (two new) endemic to Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory and

Queensland). .

The genus is quite complex and it is not easy to distinguish some of the species without using

aset of characters. Most of the collections seen were inadequate. The following key is based mostly

on fruit characters and stamen number, as leaves vary quite considerably within the species.

1. Glabrous or puberulous shrubs. Leaves usually acute, subacute or obtuse at apex,

serrate or serrulate at margins. Capsule usually glabrous, obtriangular with broad

triangular wings, veined. Sepals long and narrow, often lobed .............. 1. D. filamentosus

Densely hairy shrubs rarely glabrous, then not with above set of characters. Leaves

usually broad at apex, obtuse, retuse, truncate or mucronate;margins entire or

crenulate. Capsule usually hairy, variously shaped and winged, not veined, Sepals

not as above, elliptic or Ovate-ObD]ONG oo... cece ccceecseceeseeeseseeeeeseessuseeceuueseeeeveeaeenenenes 2:

2. Stamens less than 30. Inflorescences lax, few-flowered racemes or flowers solitary on

long slender stalks often longer than leaves ............cccecceseeceecceeeteeeessaeeeeeeeteetetseneeaesees 3

Stamens more than 30. Inflorescences usually densely flowered, racemose or

paniculate, if flowers solitary then stalks erect, usually stout and shorter than

LA ry Bei be ds tate oamnce ayaa | Settled leh den eetc os ctan acter ge eyts emt Sarsees 6. (D. hispidulus complex)

3. Capsule inflated, not lobed, with 3 or 4 minute apical wings narrowing and forming a

ridge to about middle of fruit. Sepals broadly elliptic. Fruits on long erect stalks,

4—8 together in short racemose infructescence, rarely solitary ...........0..... 2. D. barklyanus

Capsule 3—8—lobed, with broad or narrow wings from apex to base. Sepals usually

narrow and long, linear-ovate-oblong. Fruits solitary on long slender stalks or

2—7 together in usually long racemose infructescence ............cccc esc ec eee eeeeaeeetsesaeeeeeseenenes 4

4, Capsule 3—lobed, obtriangular, wings wider slightly above middle. Leaves 1--4°2 x

0-6—1°7 cm, hairy rarely glabrous. Fruits usually solitary on long slender stalks,

much longer than leaves; stalks (15—)50—85 mm long. Stamens 10-- 12(— 15); sepals

LI Fe Sandan tate hat rain coil em ehcbate eehaty es dr tbchaltuednetontcr nica nepeetnde resto inaction adanetn 3. D. dodecandrus

Capsule 4—8—lobed, broadly obovoid or ellipsoid, wings wider towards apex. Leaves

(3—)5°5—14°5 x 1—4:2 cm hairy. Fruits in racemose infructescences, occasionally

solitary on long slender stalks; stalks 12—25(—60) mm long. Stamens 8—24;

SEPANG Sr Ah GB Seg adap h cotloyetic Mactan tens M asta nachiinn ee lou iteaa bales ies wticota mab gated bald mshandeanssoenes Arne 5

5. Capsule 4—8—lobed, narrowly winged (wings to 3 mm wide at widest part), hispid

pubescent, Leaves 5-5—9 x 1~-2:3.cm, shortly petioled; petiole 1—2(—5) mm long.

Flowers 7—9 mm diam.; pedicel to 4mm long; stamens 8—10, anthers falcate ......

4. D. malvaceus

Capsule 4— or 5—lobed, broadly winged (wings wider at apex, 6—8°5 mm wide),

villose tomentose. Leaves (3—)5—14°5 x (1'2—)2—4-.2 cm, long petioled; petiole

4—15 mm long. Flowers 8—12 mm diam.; pedicel 4—21 mm long; stamens 14—24,

ARTEL HOE TACT cclecrcpy cy cvsaneueeeta eevee apts aie cov Rt ri ocauetaseisney Dra wees veee is 5. D. arnhemicus

6. Wings of capsule very small, usually minute, broad towards apex, narrowing and

forming a slender ridge to base of fruit. Broadest part of wing 2—4 mm wide.

Capsule 0°8—1{—1:2) 0°6—1(— 1°5) OM... eee ee een eee 6c. D. hispidulus var. aridus

Wings of capsule either erect or divaricate, broad only towards apex of fruit; or wings

broad above middle gradually narrowing from apex to base of fruit. Broadest part

of wing 4—8(—14) mm wide. Capsule 0°8—1°2 & 1°2-2°S CM wee cece cece ee etee een ee eens 7

7. Capsular wings + triangular, usually wider above middle narrowing to base. Young

fruits + triquetrous 3—lobed or blunt at apex. Flowers 6—8 mm diam. Fruits on

slender stalks, in racemose infructescences; sepals persistent. Leaves soft and velve-

ty, rarely scabrellus (1:8—6'8 x 0°8-—-2°4 cm), usually clustered .................ccccce eee

6a. D. hispidulus var. hispidulus

Capsular wings long and narrow, either erect or divaricate then wider than long; wings

broad in upper third abruptly narrowing and forming a ridge to base of fruit. Young

fruits + oblongoid with 3 large, flat blunt apical wings. Flowers 8—14 mm diam.

Fruits in racemose infructescences or solitary on erect, stout stalks; sepals usually

deciduous. Leaves mostly harsh and coarse, usually pubescent (2—9'2 x

1-—-3'4 cm), not clustered 2.2.0.0... cece reece ec eeesetereceenseens 6b. D. hispidulus var. phyllopterus

1. Distichostemon filamentosus S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 45:197 (1920). Type: Northern Ter-

ritory, Palmerston (Darwin), 14 Jun 1886, Rev. 7 S. Lea (BM, holo).

Usually small shrubs with woody rootstock, 0°25—1:5 m; young parts puberulent or pubes-

cent with fine, long slightly curved antrorse white hairs; branchlets and leaves puberulous to

glabrous. Leaves narrowly subelliptic or elliptic-oblong or subobovate, abruptly acute, subacute

or obtuse at apex, margins usually with few coarse serrations or serrulations, or entire; base acute

narrowing and slightly decurrent into petioles, 3-3—10(—14) x 0:8 —2-8(—4) cm, slightly viscid and

resin-dotted when young; lateral nerves 4—12 pairs, obliquely arched, ascending, often drying

slightly impressed above; petioles 0:5—2°5 cm long, slender, pubescent to glabrous. Inflorescences

terminal, open racemes to 7 cm long, 2—6—flowered; or flowers solitary, axillary or at top of

branchlets; peduncles pubescent to glabrous; bracts subulate. Flowers to 12 mm diam.; pedicels

6—18 mm long, pubescent to glabrous; sepals 6—8, longer than stamens, usually linear and long

and often lobed, elliptic-oblong acuminate, midrib prominent, 6-8 x 1—2:2 mm, herbaceous (re-

maining green in fruit), puberulous or glabrous; stamens (from few poor specimens seen) 24—34,

filaments shorter or as long as anthers, 2—3-5 mm long, anthers 3—4 mm long; styles to 2 cm long.

Capsules 3—lobed, broadly obovoid or obtriangular, winged from near apex to base, 1:1—1°8 x

1-8--2 cm, wings divaricate or suberect, obtusely triangular, broad near apex and middle abruptly

narrowing to base of fruit, 0°8—1-4 x 0:8—2:5 cm, herbaceous; seed-bearing portion broadly elip-

soid, puberulous with soft curved whitish hairs or glabrous, delicately veined. Persistent sepals

half or more the length of capsule, usually reflexed. Fig. 6 C.

Northern Territory; Darwin-Gulf area, usually in eucalypt forests, in disturbed areas, on deep

sandy soil on gentle slopes and flats.

Northern Territory: Stuart H/way, 21 km SE of Darwin (12° 29'S, 131° O1’F}, Jun 1964, Nefson 1115 (NT); Nourlangie

Safari Camp (12° 57'S, 132° 48’R), Feb 1973, Lazarides 7891 (NT); Rum Junele, Jan 1967, Byrnes N49 (NT); Browns Pros-

pect, Rum Jungle, Apr 1967, Ridley 15; McCallum’s Ck (13° 05'S, 130° 31'E), Jul 1953, Bateman 539 (NT).

NOTE: As most of the collections (except Rum Jungle) are from regrowth after fires more are

necessary to see if the above characters are constant if plants have not been disturbed.

2. Distichostemon barklyanus S. T. Reynolds, species nova D. hispidu/o var. arido affinis a qua

imprimis differt alis minutis saepe rudimentalis non sisi sitis in super capsulis apicem versus

et staminibus paucis sepalis latioribus praeditus. Typus: Northern Territory: 48 km S of

Elliott, Stuart Highway, Feb 1969, /. Must 472 (BRI holo, NT iso).

Small spreading shrubs 0:7—1 m; bark fibrous; young parts, branchlets pubescent with

straight and curved hairs. Leaves often clustered on branchlets, elliptic or narrowly obovate-

oblong, subtruncate, mucronate or obtuse at apex; margins entire or + crenulate; bases subacute

often slightly decurrent into petioles, 2°5—6 x 1—2:2 cm, usually coarse, scabrellous and slightly

viscid, rarely thick and velvety, upper surfaces pubescent to sub-glabrous, lower ones pubescent or

puberulent; usually with coarse nerves and reticulation, lateral nerves 6—11 pairs, oblique,

distinct; petioles 3—7 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescences terminal, short racemes, 2—4 cm long,

4—7—flowered or flowers rarely solitary; peduncles pubescent, short. Flowers 4-6 mm diam.;

pedicels 2—7 mm long, slender; sepals 5-7, broad, as long as stamens, elliptic-ovate, acute 3—5 x

1—2 mm, midvein prominent; pubescent or puberulent, persistent; stamens 10—22, filaments

1—3-5 mm long, anthers 1-5—2°5 mm long; ovary oblongoid with 3—4 minute lobes at the top;

style 4—12 mm long. Capsule not lobed; usually 4—8 together in a short racemose bunch, long

stalked, rarely borne singly, obovoid or subglobose, inflated, red, with 3 or 4 minute knob-like

triangular wings at top corners, 0°8—1(—1-°3) x 0-8—1:3 cm, shortly puberulent; wings 0:-S—1 x

0-5—3 mm, abruptly narrowing and often forming a slight ridge to upper quarter or half of fruit;

persistent sepals to 5 x 2 mm reaching up to a third or quarter of fruit; stalks S—8 mm long, erect.

Fig. 6M.

Northern Territory and north western Queensland: common on Barkly Tableland; on rocky

hillsides and outcrops.

Northern Territory: 22 km E Stuart H/way on Borroloola Rd (14° 42’S, 135° 25’E), Jun 1971, Duniop 2179 (NT); 45 km5S

of Willeroo H.S. (15° 40'S, 131° 41'E), May 1960, Chippendale 6874 (NT); Newcastle Creek, Stuart H/way (17° 15'S, 133°

27'B), Mar 1979, Henshall 2508 (NT}; 16 km NW of Helen Springs, May 1960, Chippendale 7006 (NT); Tennant Creek, Apr

1948, Perry 621 (NT). Queensland. BuRKE District: Lawn Hill (18° 35'S, 138° 35’E), May 1940, Jensen 78; Adels Grove,

Camooweal, Mar 1947, deLastang 340; Pilpah Hill, 11 km Nof Barkly Downs, Oct 1962, Pediey 1082; Barkly Downs, 80km

SE of Camooweal, Dec 1947, Everist 3386; Mt Isa about 45 km NW on Barkly H/way, Sep 1974, Ollenshaw, Kratzing &

Telford 1259; Between Mt Isa-Gun Powder, Jan 1978, Afthofer 8525.

The species resemble D. Aispidulus var. aridus in having fruits with tiny wings but the wings in

the new species are almost rudimentary, rarely continuing beyond middle of fruit; stamens also

fewer and sepals wider.

3. Distichostemon dodecandrus Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:914 (1927), Type: Queensland. North

Kennedy District: Mt Remarkable Pentland, Domin (PR, holo).

Small decumbent shrubs 0:°5—1 m high with + rigid branches; young parts pubescent or

puberulent; branchlets with spreading often curved white hairs, pubescent to glabrous. Leaves

obovate or obovate-elliptic, tips broad obtuse, rounded, truncate, apiculate, margins entire, bases

cuneate or obtuse, 1—4-2 x 0:-6—1°'7 cm, puberulous or pubescent especially below, or glabrous,

surfaces thick and usually soft in hairy forms, scabridulous in less hairy ones, + viscid; lateral

nerves 4—8 pairs, obliquely arched, distinct; petioles slender, semiterete, 1—5 mm long. Inflores-

cences axillary or at tips of branchlets, lax, open, racemose, 3— 12 flowered, or female or bisexual

flowers often solitary on long stalks or in 3—flowered cymules; peduncles pubescent or

puberulent, Flowers 5—7 mm (males), 7—9 mm diam. (females and bisexual); pedicels 6-12 mm

long (longer in females, elongating to 40—50(—85) mm in fruit), filiform, graceful; sepals 6-10,

linear ovate-oblong or elliptic-ovate, obtuse or acute, 2--5 x 1—2 mm, often with distinct midrib,

puberulous; stamens 1O—15, glabrous (hairy in young ones), filaments 1—3-:5 mm long, anthers

2°5—3°5 mm long, pilose or glabrous; ovary obovoid, pubescent; style 5—12 mm long. Capsule

3—lobed; usually solitary on a long slender stalk or 2—4 together in lax racemose infructescences,

obtriangular or suborbicular-obovoid, winged slightly above middle, inflated, 0:8—1:6 x 1—2:2

cm, pubescent; wings 3—8 x 4—6mm, broadly ovoid, or obtusely triangular, often narrowing and

decreasing more towards base of fruit then at apex, herbaceous. Fig. 6 A, B.

Queensland: from near Mareeba to north of Clermont, common on yellow or red brown

sandy, pebbly soils on hillsides.

Coox District; Granite Gorge, on Granite Ck cg 9-5 kin SW of Mareeba, Jul 1979, Clarkson 2479; Stannary Hills area ca7

kmS of Mutchilba onroad to Stannary Hills settlement, Aug 1979, Clarkson & Byrnes 2506; Dimbulah-Petford Rd ca 21 km

NE of Petford, Feb 1980, Clarkson 2757. NoRTH KENNEDY District: Sleepers Log Ck, N of Townsville (19° 10'S, 146° 30’B),

Apr 1975, Craven 3173; Charters Towers ca 24 km SW on Flinders H/way, Jul 1974, OHerenshaw 1089; 10km NE of Valley

of Lagoons H.S., Upper Burdekin River, May 1971, Blaxel/ 506; SW of Woodhouse, Jun 1949, Smith 4380. SouTH KENNEDY

District: Charters Towers-Clermont Rd about 226 km from Charters Towers, May 1960, /Johwson 1904 & 1905. MrrcHELL

District: Middle Hills, 10km E of Torrens Creek, in 1981, Rebgetz 505; 17 km E of Torrens Creek (20° 44'S, 145° 11'E), Jul

1975, Chapman 1366.

The long pedunculate often solitary capsules with + triangular wings, the rigid branches and

small leaves, and few stamens easily distinguishes the species.

4, Distichostemon malvyaceus Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:913 (1927). Types: Queensland: Cook

District: Palmer River, 10 Aug 1873, 4 Hann 60 & 27 (K, syn).

Misapplied name: D. phyllopterus auct non F. Muell., Britten in Banks & Solander, Bot. Cooks

Voy. 1:17, t.44 (1900); Benth., FI. Aust. 1:487 (1862) p.p. quoad Banksian specimens.

Shrubs 0:4— 1-5 m; usually scabridulous with pale hispid hairs, young parts densely pubescent

with pale yellow hairs; branchlets with spreading curved, + antrorse hairs, Leaves oblong, elliptic

or obovate, apices broad obtuse, truncate, retuse or apiculate, margins entire, subentire or

crenulate, bases subtruncate, obtuse or subacute and decurrent, 5:5—9 x 1—2-3 cm, puberulent or

pubescent especially on lower surfaces, scabrous or scabridulous; midribs pubescent, lateral

nerves 5—11 pairs, fine, irregular, usually drying white and distinct above; petioles 1—2(—5) mm

long, slender, pubescent. Inflorescences terminal or in upper axils, open racemes 2'5—7:'5 cm long,

2—7(— 13)— flowered; or flowers solitary on slender stalks; peduncles densely pubescent. Flowers

7—9mm diam.; pedicels to 4mm long; sepals 5-7, linear ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, usual-

ly with distinct midrib, 3-5—5 x 1—1-8mm, puberulent, + viscid; stamens 8— 10, filaments 3-5—5

mm long, filiform, glabrous, anthers linear ovate-oblong, falcate, 2°5—4 mm long, puberulent;

ovary subobcordate, (4—)6-—8—lobed, white pubescent, styles 2°5 mm long. Capsules (4—)

6—8—lobed; green tinged with red or greenish yellow, solitary on long stalks or 2—5 together in

racemose infructescences, ellipsoid, broad, rounded on top, dorsally winged nearly the whole

length (apex and base remaining wingless), 1°5—2:2 x 1:2—2°2 cm, submembranous, inflated,

hispid pubescent with long (villose) hairs and short hairs; wings narrow, wider towards apex (to

3 mm wide) tapering to base, herbaceous; stalks 1:2—6 cm long, erect or drooping. Fig. 6 J, K.

Northern Queensland: Pascoe River, Cape York Peninsula, to near Mareeba, in open forests

usually on dry sandy and gravelly ridges.

Coox District: Browns Ck, Pascoe River (12° 40'S, 143° OE), Jun 1948, Brass 19175, Jul 1948 Brass 19572; Kennedy Rd,

Tozer’s Gap, Aug 1965, Giftins 1084: 8-7 km from Kennedy R on Jedda Ck track to King River Station (15° 40'S, 143° 50°E),

Jun 1981, Clarkson 3706; Split Rock to Gugu Yelandji, S of Lakeland Downs-Laura Rd., May 1975, Byrnes 3378; Giant

Horse Gallery, Laura (15° 40'S, 144° 30°F), May 1975, Hyland 8112; Endeavour River, Dec 1977, Scarth-Johnson; Mt

Molloy, Apr 1932, Brass 2467; near Mareeba, Feb 1962, Webb & Tracey 5907.

This species can be distinguished by its (5 —)6—8—lobed fruits with narrow dorsal wings conti-

nuing from apex to base of the lobes of the fruit. Some 4—lobed fruits do occur (e.g. Webb &

Tracey 5907 and Brass 19175). Leaves of these collections are also narrower.

5. Distichostemon arnhemicus S.T. Reynolds, species nova a speciebus aliis capsularis late alatis

4--5—lobatis foliis saepa majoribus et longioribus et petioli longiuscule distingeunda.

Typus: Northern Territory. Mt Brockman (12° 44'S, 132° 54), 21 Feb 1973, C. Dunlop

3322 (BRI, holo; NT, iso).

Small shrubs to 3°5 m; young parts pubescent; branchlets with long pale + antrorse spreading

hairs. Leaves usually long and oblong, rounded at apex, abruptly obtuse at base, or elliptic, obtuse

at both ends, rarely obovate attenuate at base, margins entire, (3—)5—14°5 x (1:2—)2—4°:2 cm,

surfaces soft, puberulous above, pubescent especially on nerves below, midribs pubescent; lateral

nerves 9—20 pairs, slender, subpatent + looping at margins, raised below, often slightly impressed

above; petioles slender and long, terete, 4—15 mm long, pubescent. Inflorescences terminal, lax

open racemes, 6—11 cm long, 5--13—flowered, or lower flowers of some in 3— flowered cymules,

or flowers in pairs or female flowers solitary; peduncles slender, pubescent with + curved hairs;

bracts linear or subulate 3—5 mm long. Flowers 8— 12 mm diam., males often larger; pedicels 4—21

mm long (8—25 mm long in fruit), slender, drooping; sepals 6 or 7, as long as or longer than

stamens, ovate-oblong, acuminate, 3—5 x 1:2--1:7 mm, midrib distinct, puberulous outside with

long hairs, inside with fine appressed hairs, usually persistent; stamens 14—24, filaments usually

shorter than anthers, 1—3 mm long; anthers 3:5—4 mm long; ovary obcordate 4— or 5—lobed,

densely pubescent; style glabrous 1 ~3-5 mm long. Capsule 4— or 5—lobed; usually 4—7 together in

a compact bunch or borne singly, depressed obovoid (suborbicular when young with flat rounded

lobes and wings), winged broadly from apex to base, 0°8—1°'8 x 1:7—2°5 cm; densely villose

appressed hairy (young fruits sericeous); seed-bearing portion orbicular or ellipsoid; wings usually

wider at apex (6—8-°5 mm wide) gradually narrowing from the middle to the base (3-4-5 mm wide

at base); sepals to 5 x 2°5 mm. Fig. 6 L.

Northern Territory: common in mineralised areas of Arnhem Land, in sandstone gullies,

gorges and escarpments, often near creeks.

Northern Territory: Gove Mining area (12° 20'S, 136° 45’E), Jun 1974, Hinz 7466 (NT); Tin Camp Creek about 32km S of

Nabarlek Mining Camp (12° 28'S, 133° 15’E), May 1973, Hartley 13831 (NT); about 11-4 km W of Mt Gilruth (12° 57'S,

137° S4’E), Mar 1973, Lazarides 7953 (BRI, NT); Mi Basedow Ra (12° 59'S, 132° 41’E), Jun 1973, Hartley 13881 (NT); 6-4

km NW EI Sharana-Pine Ck Rd (13° 29'S, 132° 31‘E), Jan 1973, Martensz & Schodde AE413 (NT); Katherine Gorge (14°

18'S, 132° 28'E), Mar 1964, Lazarides 7032 (NT).

The new species is distinguished from all the other species by its broadly winged 4—5—lobed

capsules, its leaves often larger and longer and with moderately long slender petioles.

6. Distichostemon hispidulus (Endl.) Baillon, Nat. Hist. Pl. 5:411 (1878); Radlk., in Engler

Pflanzenr. 98 h:1405 (1934). Based on Dodonaea hispidula Endl., Atacta Bot. t.30 (1833).

Type: Illustration by Bauer (probably from specimen collected by Robert Brown at Gulf of

Carpentaria. Specimen not seen)

Distichostemon phyllopterus F. Muell., in Hook. J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 9:306 (1857);

Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:487 (1863); F. M. Bailey, Qd Fl. 1:319 (1899). Type: Victoria River, F.

Mueller (MEL, lectotypus novus).

Shrubs to 2 m; young parts pubescent; branchlet, leaves, peduncles pubescent or puberulent

with hispid spreading hairs. Leaves usually clustered on branchlets, narrowly elliptic, subobovate

or elliptic-oblong, apex obtuse, truncate, mucronate or retuse, margins entire or crenulate, base

obtuse, subacute or acute decurrent into petioles 1:5—9 x 0°8—3:4 cm, thinly coriaceous, surfaces

smooth or coarse, puberulent or pubescent, occasionally scabrellus; lateral nerves subpatent or

oblique, ascenting at tips; petioles slender 0-2—1-4 cm long, pubescent. Inflorescences terminal! or

axillary, laxly flowered open racemes, or racemiform with basal flowers in 2— or 3— flowered

cymules or + paniculate with 1 or 2 branches or female flowers solitary. Flowers 5— 14mm diam.;

pedicels 2—22 mm long; sepals 5—10, usually as long as stamens, elliptic, acute, pubescent or

puberulent, usually persistent; stamens 33—74, filaments shorter or as long as anthers; ovary

obovoid or obcordate, truncate or 3— or 4—lobed at apex, pubescent; style 5-25 mm long.

Capsule usually in racemose infructescences, oblong-obovoid or ellipsoid, winged from apex to

base with wings wider at apex narrowing gradually to base or winged only towards top with erect or

divaricate long narrow wings, narrowing and forming aridge usually to base of fruit, finely pubes-

cent or puberulent.

Western Australia, Northern Territory and north western Queensland in sandy soil along

coast or on sandstone.

Very variable consisting of at least three distinct taxa, but since the extreme forms occasion-

ally merge into each other they are treated here as varieties.

6a. D. hispidulus var. hispidulus

Distinguishing characters are set out in the key. (p.58)

Shrubs 1—1:'5 m; usually grey green, spreading; young parts and branchlets pale yellow

pubescent. Leaves usually clustered on branchlets, mostly small, narrowly elliptic or subobovate

or elliptic-obobvate, apex obtuse, subtruncate, retuse or mucronate, margins entire or +

crenulate; bases usually subacute and decurrent into petioles or obtuse, 1:8—6°8 x 0°8—2°4 cm,

thick and soft with both surfaces pubescent or puberulent, or surfaces sometimes thin and +

scabrellous above; lateral nerves 5—12 pairs, oblique, ascending, raised below, reticulation fine;

petioles 3—9 mm long, slender, pubescent. Inflorescences subterminal usually open racemes, or

paniculate 1 or 2 branched, or only the basal flowers in 3— flowered cymules, 1-5—7°5 cm long,

3—19— flowered, peduncles slender, pubescent; bracts subulate 2—5 mm long. Flowers 6—8 mm

diam.; pedicel 3— 10 mm long (shorter in males), usually very slender, fragile; sepals 5— 10, usually

as long as stamens, elliptic, acute, 2.5—3°5 x 1—1:5 mm, puberulent, thin, persistent; stamens

33-74, filaments 2-2-5 mm long, anthers 2—5 mm long, usually pale yellow with a red groove;

ovary obovoid or obcordate, blunt, or 3—(or 4)—lobed at apex, pubescent; style 1°5—2°5 cm long.

Capsule 3—(or 4)—lobed, usually borne in racemose infructescences, oblong-obovoid or

subglobose, 0°8—1:2 x 1:5—1:8 cm, winged from apex to base, wings + triangular, 5—7 x 4—8

mm, broader at upper third of fruit, narrowing from about below middle and usually forming a

ridge to base of fruit, pubescent or puberulent. Young fruits mostly obovoid, triquetrous. Fig. 6E.

Northern Australia: Western Australia, Northern Territory and north-western Queensland,

on undulating sand plains on red lateritic soil.

Northern Territory: Little Lagoon Groote Eylandt, Apr 1948, Specht 244; Seigal Ck., 5 of Calvert Hill Stn., May 1973,

Henry 756; Maranboy Police Stn., May 1960, Chippendale 6627; 6746 (NT); Borooloola Stn., Jul 1948, Perry 1764; Settle-

ment,Ck, Jun 1922, Brass, Queensland: Cook District: Gilbert River, Bick. BURKE DISTRICT: Sweers Is., Jun 1901, Bailey;

Mornington I., May 1963, Tindale; Turnoff Lagoon and Woologorang, May 1940, Jensen 53; Eof Westmoreland about 48

km E of Qld NT border, May 1974, Pilfen 9180; 16 km [10 mls] W of Westmoreland Sin., Jun 1948, Perry 1155.

Mueller’s collection from Roper River (Benth. |.c. 487) and Schultz’s from Port Darwin

(Raldkofer l.c. 1405) probably belong here (K photographs).

6b. D. hispidulus var. phyllopterus (F. Muell.) S. T. Reynolds, var. et comb. nov. Based on D.

phyllopterus F. Muell., l.c. 306 (1857). Type: Victoria River, F Mueller (MEL 101393, lec-

totype designated here); Point Pearce, F Mueller (K, lectoparatype).

Distinguishing characters are set out in the key. (p.58)

Shrubs 0:6--2 m; often straggly; young parts pubescent, branchlets and leaves with long and

short, usually hispid hairs. Leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, apex subtruncate, broadly obtuse,

subretuse or mucronate, margins entire or crenulate, base obtuse or subacute, 2—9°2 x 1—-3:4cm,

thinly coriaceous, surfaces soft or coarse, puberulent or pubescent, midribs pubescent; nerves and

reticulation distinct, lateral nerves 511 pairs, subpatent, ascending at tips; petioles 4-14 mm

long, subterete. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 5—8°5 cm long, 5—23—flowered, racemose or

+ paniculate with 1 or 2 branches at base, cymules 2— or 3—flowered, or female flowers solitary;

peduncles puberulent or pubescent; bracts subulate to 5 mm long. Flowers 8—14 mm diam.;

pedicels 2—22 mm long, usually long and drooping in males, stout and erect in females; sepals 6—8,

narrowly elliptic or linear oblong 3—6 x 1—2 mm, puberulent or pubescent, usually persistent;

stamens 30—52, filaments 1-5—3-5 mm long, anthers 2‘5—3 mm long; ovary obovoid or obcor-

date, 3— or 4—lobed at apex, pubescent; style 5— 10(—18} mm long. Capsules 3— (or 4)—lobed,

either borne in racemose infructescence or solitary on stout erect stalk, depressed obovoid, winged

broadly towards upper third narrowing and forming a fine ridge to base of fruit, 0°8—1 x 1:2—2°8

cm; wings 4~7 x 5—14 mm, herbaceous, divaricate, long and narrow, wider than long, or erect

and obtusely triangular; seed bearing portion obovoid or oblongoid, inflated, finely puberulent

with long and short white or pale yellow + appressed hairs. Fig. 6 F, G, H.

Western Australia and Northern Territory: from the Kimberleys and offshore islands Western

Australia to McArthur River, Northern Territory; on sandstone and sandy rocky areas.

Western Australia: Bougainville Peninsula, NW Kimberley (13° 54’S, 126° 04’E), Sep 1978, Beard 8266, 8271 (PERTH);

Surveyors Pool, Mitchell Plateau NW Kimberley (14° 41'S, 125° 43'E)}, Jun 1976, Kenneaily 5066 (PERTH), near Junction

of Drysdale R. and Mogunda Ck, Drysdale R. Nat. Park (+ 15° 02'S, 126° 55‘E), Aug 1975, George 13500 (PERTH); S end

of Asthon Ra near Domains Ck, Drysdale R. Nat. Park (15° 16'S, 126° 43’E), Aug 1975, George 13310 (PERTH); Byam

Martin Is., Bonaparte Archipelago (15° 24'S, 124° 22’E), Jul 1973, Wifson (PERTH); Prince Regent R. Res. (15° 32'S, 125°

43'E), Aug 1974, George 12591 (PERTH); Bat Is. (15° 55’S, 124° 54’E), Jun 1973, Wilson 10982 (PERTH); Broome, Cable

Beach area (17° 56S, 122° 13’E), May 1971, Maconochie 1173 (NT, PERTH); Plain Ck + 10 Km W of Beverley Springs

H.S., Aug 1974, George 12216 (PERTH); Packsaddle Ck (15° 56'S, 128° 40°E), northern Carr Boyd Ranges, Mar 1978,

Hartiey 14386 (NT); Thompson Springs, 67 km [42 mls] SE of Kimberley Res Stn., Jul 1952, Perry 2947 (BR1, NT}; Dam

Site, Ord River, Argyle Stn., Jun 1944, Gardner 7369 (PERTH); Durack River (15° 40'S, 127° 31’E}, May 1967, Maconochie

181 (NT}. Northern Territory: Keep River (15° 47'S, 129° 02'E), Sep 1975, Mitchell 327 (NT); Cox River Stn., Jul 1977,

Henshall 1635 (NT); Buchanan Bay (15° 40'S, 136° 44'E}, May 1977, McKey 94 & 95 (NT).

The texture and hairiness of leaves and shape of the wings of the capsules are quite variable,

e.g. collections from around Kununurra (Carr Boyd Ranges, Thompson’s Springs and Ord River

Dam) have thinner and finer leaves with definite crenulations on margins, and the wings of the

capsules are divaricate, wider than long, while those from north west Kimberleys, especially from

offshore islands have rather thick and coarser leaves and the wings of the capsules are usually erect

or slightly divaricate and the tips are often blunter.

6c. D. hispidulus var. aridus S.T. Reynolds, varietas nova differt var. hispidulo alata et plerumque

fructibus parvioribus, alis parvulis angustatis D. barklyano accendens. Typus: Northern

Territory: Hayfield Station (16° 38'S, 133° 17’E), Jan 1978, 7: S. Henshall 1907 (BRI, holo;

NT, iso). :

Distinguishing characters are set out in the key.

Small spreading shrubs 0:7— 1 m; branchlets, leaves and young parts pubescent. Leaves often

clustered, narrowly elliptic or subobovate, apex obtuse, retuse, mucronate, margins entire or sub-

crenulate; base acute decurrent into petioles, 1-5—4{—6) x 0:-4—1-2{— 1-8) cm, surfaces usually

thick, puberulous above, pubescent below; lateral nerves 6—9 pairs, slender, pale, arched and

ascending, prominent below; reticulate venation usually indistinct; petioles 2—6 mm long, slender,

pubescent. Inflorescences racemose, 5—7 cm long to 10—flowered with basal flowers in 2— or

3~--flowered cymules or female flowers solitary, axillary or terminal. Flowers 5--9 mm diam.,

pedicel 2—6 mm long, slender; bracts subulate 4 mm long; sepals 6 or 7, as long as stamens, elliptic

with distinct midrib, 4 x 1—2mm, puberulous, usually persistent; stamens 31—74, filaments | mm

long, anthers 2 mm long; ovary obovoid or ellipsoid, with 3 or 4 small flat wings towards apex,

0°8—1(--1-2) x 0°-6—1(-- 1:5} cm; wings + triangular, obtuse, 2—7 x 2—4 mm, broad at apex till

about upper quarter, abruptly narrowing and forming a narrow ridge to near base of fruit or often

only till below middle of fruit. Fig. 6 I.

Western Australia and Northern Territory; usually on sand plains and on sandstone.

Western Australia: Glenelg River Gorge, Jul 1950, Gardner 9665 (PERTH); Plane Ck, near Beverley Springs H.S., N of

Derby, Aug 1974, Kenneally 1987 (PERTH); Goody Goody, Apr 1905, Fitzgeraid 209 (PERTH), Kimberley Downs, Apr

1953, Gardner (PERTH); 26 mis [42 km] E of Langley Bridge, Fitzroy River (17° 42'S, 123° 58'E), May 1967, Maconochie

261 (NT). Northern Territory: Suple Jack Stn., 19 km NW of H.S. (19° 10°S, 129° 49'E), Oct 1978, Henshall 2373 (NT).

This variety differs from var. hispidulus in having very small wings and usually smaller fruits.

The very small narrow wings approach those of some plants referred to D. barklyanus.

Accepted May 1983,

Fig. 6. DISTICHOSTEMON., D. dodecandrus: A. habit, showing flowers & fruit (Clarkson 2757) x 1. B. flower (Cfarkson

2757) x 1. D. filamentosus: C, habit with fruit (Lazarides 7891) x 1. D. flower (Parker 155) x 3. D. hispidulus var.

hispidulus: E. fruit (Perry 1764) « 1. D. Aispidulus var. phyliopterus: F. habit. G & H. fruit (all Wi/son 10982) all x 1.

D, hispidulus var, aridus: 1. fruit (Henschall 1907) x 1, D. malvaceus: J. habit, with flowers (Webb & Tracey 5907) x 1.K.

fruit (Clarkson 3706) x 1..D. arhemicus: L. fruit (Duniop 3322) x 1. .D. barklyanus: M. fruit (Must 472) x 1.

Austrobaileya 1{1) 65 — 76 (1984)

A REVISION OF MELALEUCA L. (MYRTACEAE) IN NORTHERN

AND EASTERN AUSTRALIA, 1.

by N. B. Byrnes

formerly Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

Diagnoses are given for eleyen new species, five new varieties and two new forms of Me/aleuca including M. arnhemica, M.

biconvexa, M. brassii, M. cornucopiae, M. densispicata, M. kunzeoides, M. pallescens, M. parvistaminea, M. punicea, M.

sericea, M. tortifolia, M, nervosa. latifolia, M. nervosaf, pendulina, M, stenostachya var. pendula, M. styphelioides var.

squamophiota, M, viminalis var. minor, M. viridiffora var. canescens and M. viridiflora var. attenuata. New combinations

M,. virminatlis based on Metrosideros viminalis Sol. ex Gaertner, M. viridiflera var. glabra based on M. cunninghamit

Schauer var. glabra C. White and M. viridiflora var. angustifolia based on M. leucodendra L. var. angustifolia L.f. are

made. M. erubescens Otto is asynonym of M, diosmatifolia Dum-Cours, A key to all species and infra-specific taxa is pro-

vided, Descriptions and distributions of six of the 61 species treated in the key are given. The remaining species will be treated

in succeeding papers of this series.

As a result of areview of Me/aleuca in eastern and northern Australia undertaken as part of

flora projects in progress at the Queensland Herbarium (BRI), 11 undescribed species and a

number of infraspecific taxa were recognised. Some nomenclatural problems were also in-

vestigated.

Melaleuca is the second largest genus in Myrtaceae after Eucalyptus in Australia, comprising

at least 150 species, but it has received comparatively little attention since the treatment by Ben-

tham (1866). Cheel in various papers between 1916 and 1938 reviewed some of the problems within

the genus and Blake (1968) revised the M. /eucadendra group and its allies. More recently Carrick

& Chorney (1979) reviewed the genus in South Australia.

The genus is revised for the area including the Pilbara and Kimberley areas of Western

Australia, the whole of Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and

Tasmania. The south-western part of Western Australia has the greatest concentration of species.

The genus in this area is in need of revision but will require extensive local field experience to be

effective.

This is the first of a series of papers, All new names that appear in the key are validated in the

appendix (p.74).

Melaleuca L.

Type: M. leucadendra (L.) L. (Myrtus leucadendra L.) (typ. cons.)

Shrubs or trees. Bark usually of numerous, thin, paper-like, corky layers, sometimes scaly or

hard and furrowed. Leaves opposite, sub-opposite, scattered or rarely spirally arranged or whorl-

ed, entire, terete or flat, concave or sometimes with recurved margins, one to many longitudinal

veins, often obscured, punctate, sometimes obscurely $0, sessile, peltate or petiolate; petiole-

lamina demarcation often poorly defined. Inflorescences terminal or axillary spikes, heads,

clusters or rarely racemes, dense, open or distant, the rachis growing out beforeor after anthesis or

not at all. Flowers perfect or male, white, yellow-green, yellow, pink, red or purplish, sessile or

shortly pedicellate, 1—3 subtended by bract (sometimes leaf) usually caducous, rarely absent, with

or without bracteoles. Calyx tube hollow, turbinate, campanulate or more or less urceolate, adnate

to ovary at base, lobes 4 or absent, herbaceous and/or scarious, sometimes confluent, deciduous,

persistent or semipersistent. Petals 5, concave, usually with a short claw. Stamens numerous,

longer than petals, glabrous or pubescent; filaments in the lower part united into short or long, flat

or terete claw opposite the petals or sometimes confluent forming a ring, their upper part free,

filiform, arranged variously on the margins and sometimes the inner surface of the claw; anthers

versatile; cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary enclosed in calyx tube, inferior or semi-

inferior, 3-celled, summit convex with central depression at base of style, usually pubescent; ovules

numerous on peltate placentas; style glabrous or thinly pubescent; stigma peltate, capitate or

small. Fruit small, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, sometimes embedded in thickened stem, cap-

sules embedded in enlarged, often woody, calyx tube, opening Joculicidally at summit into three

valves; seeds linear, numerous.

Over 150 species, mainly Australian also New Caledonia, New Guinea and Malesia; many

cultivated.

Melaleuca is distinguished from related genera with capsular fruit on staminal characters, in-

florescence structure and ovule number. In Melaleuca the stamens are longer than the petals and

this character is used to separate it from many genera. Sinoga which is closely related to members

of the series Circumscissae, as defined by Bentham, differs only in having stamens shorter than the

petals. The genera Calothamnus, Eremaea, Regelia, Phymatocarpus and Beaufortia lack the ver-

satile anthers of Melaleuca but otherwise are very similar.

Both Kunzea and Callistemon differ from Melaleuca in the stamens being free, and this is the

only consistent character separating the genera. As there is considerable variation in the degree of

fusion of staminal filaments within the genus it was suggested by Mueller, Dawson and others that

Callistemon and Melaleuca be united. However, as similar minor characters have been used to dif-

ferentiate other genera in Myrtaceae, the fusion of the stamens is regarded as sufficient to

distinguish Melaleuca from its relatives. Brown in the protologue of Callistemon described the

stamens as distinct and in order to retain this as a constant character throughout the genus,

Metrosideros viminalis (Callistemon viminalis) is transferred to Melaleuca. ‘The stamens in this

species, are variable in the degree they are united and in many specimens, including the type, they

are united to a greater extent than in many species currently referred to Melaleuca. Lamarchea is

recognised by its zygomorphic staminal tube while other capsular-fruited genera with long fused

stamens differ in their inflorescence structure or in having a single seed in each loculus.

Within Melaleuca there are a number of recognisable groups such as the Circumscissae and

Peltatae of Bentham, and the allies of M4. leucadendra as defined by Blake. Many smaller groups

can be recognised but many species do not appear to belong to any clearly defined group and some

species are intermediate between major groups. The critical evaluation of infra-generic taxa can-

not be made without investigation of the great concentration of species in south-western Western

Australia.

Plants of Melaleuca are evergreen, commonly retaining their leaves for two years or more,

depending on the species and environmental factors. Most species have some indumentum on the

young leaves, This may be caducous or persistent. Because of the length of time the leaves are re-

tained eventually most species become glabrous. For those that retain their indumentum for at

least one growth period before becoming glabrous, the indumentum is regarded here as being semi-

persistent. A similar situation exists in relation to calyx lobes where the fruit can be retained for

several years. Some species lose their calyx lobes shortly after anthesis and these lobes are treated

here as being deciduous. In others the lobes become thick and woody and are truly persistent, while

others retain the lobes for various periods before they are either eroded or fall as a result of con-

tinued growth of the fruit. These are considered to be semi-persistent. Within the young in-

florescences each bract subtends either a single bud or a triad of buds. In most taxa the

arrangement of buds is consistently single or in triads, rarely mixed, but commonly by anthesis the

bracts have fallen and the flowers are so closely packed that the arrangement cannot be distinguish-

ed. Flower colour can be very variable in some species, ranging from dark red to yellow, white,

green or sometimes mauve, while in other taxa the colour is very consistent and can be used as an

aid to identification. However, flower colour, if not supported by other morphological dif-

ferences, is not sufficient to separate otherwise similar taxa.

The staminal bundles of Me/aleuca are of considerable diagnostic value because of the range

of morphological differences they display. The claw in many cases can be seen to be the fused or

cohering bases of the filaments but in other taxa the structure is much more complex. The free parts

of the filaments may be attached in one or tworows to whole or part of the margin, or to the margin

and inner surface, or only to the apex of the claw.

KEY TO SPECIES AND INFRASPECIFIC TAXA

New names are validated in the appendix (p.74).

1. Leaves less than 5 mm long, peltately attached ..............cc cc ccccceecseecetcueeeencescseeseveerererenes 2

Leaves mostly more than 5 mm long and not peltately attached ................cccccceccecceeeeseeeees 7

2, Leaves Opposite OF SUDCPPOSILE 6 .iscicccessvreceasiccgiveiweessaessongbbchabersaciees se babs cnedseseseenseiyerens 3

Leaves-alternate or seahiered .cvesaqacinetensvesennpeqceusapeacts casas ereceseapens serves ibenveeer neesea anes 4

3. Branchlets hairy, deeply excavated beneath the leaves .............cccceeeeeeeeseeee eee 1. M. foliolosa

Branchlets glabrous, not deeply excavated beneath the leaves ................... 2. M. minutifolia

4. Branchlets deeply excavated beneath the leaves; leaves stem-clasping ............cceccesseeeaseners 5

Branchlets not deeply excavated; leaves not stem-clasping .............cccceecceeeeeeeeeeneeneeeerneees 6

5. Flowers red; inflorescence globOSE .0..........ccc cee ccc cece ee cec ence essen sees eseeseteeessenees 3. M. punicea

Flowers white; inflorescence clomgate .............cccececeeceeceececeeceseueteereereeass 4. M. tamariscina

6. Flowers cream to white; bark papery .............ccccccccescesceeeeeueseeseereeeeeuseneeeees 5. M. irbyana

Flowers mauve, fading to cream; bark hard ..............cccccecceccecsseueeneeatenerees 6. M. pallescens

7. Leaves mostly opposite Or SUBDOPPOSIte ........ 0. ccc cesccceeeceececeecnecseesersueeecaceneeeseueteeeeeneenes 8

Leaves scattered, alternate or irregularly arranged including whorled and

sometimes a few OPpOSIte PAILS .,.......-...cceseeneceseeceeersneeceseeneecsnensaepenaneneagegeesetsconeers 21

8. Stamens and style more than 20 mm long 0.0.0... ccc ccccceseeceeseceseeeeeeseeenes 7. M. hypericifolia

Stamens and style less than 20 mm JOMg ...............cccccccecececececsccececneetseneccueeeeecusaeaeereneens

9, Flowers in spikes, terminal, subterminal or in the upper axils ..............cccecccceeneeecee een eeenes 10

Flowers in heads, clusters or if in spikes then in the lower axils ...............cccceeceeseeseeeeeeeees 16

10. Staminal claw 4—15 mm long, each with more than 30 filaments ............... 8. M. linariifolia

a. Staminal claw usually more than 8 mm long; fruit usually cylindrical with

POEM VALVE bho chu nestveenneed Erurtevnnkdievadeeedie bifeaaeiel ierkaanarpennhaktanees var. linariifolia

Staminal claw usually less than 8 mm long; fruit usually turbinate with

SXSOTTIOU VALVES 6 cele lia theciiagreaneeyes cascada sve nabaneeehtnmelerererebedls var. trichostachya

Staminal claw to 3 mm long, each with less than 25 filaments ................ccccaesseeeeseneeeeenees 11

11. Leaves 5—7—veined, broadly cordate at base ........c.ccecceceeeseeeneeeenesvereesseaes 9. M, squarrosa

Leaves 3—veined (sometimes obscured), cuneate or attenuate at base ...........ccce ee eeeeseeee es

12, Leaves keeled below, convex above on both sides of midvein ..................8. 10, M. biconvexa

Leaves not keeled below, flat or conCAVe ADOVE 00.0.0... cece cccceceseeeseeetececeucuceveeeenensaveuenes 13

13. Leaves linear to linear ovate, less than 2 MM Wide ..........c.:.0ccccceeceeeeeeeceeeveveveeseesesueneness 14

Leaves broadly elliptical or broadly ovate, more than 2 mm Wide .............cccccccecceeaesee cues 15

14. Inflorescence few flowered .............ccccccccesecnseyeeeeeseecueseaseseeeeecseases 11. M. halmaturorum

Inflorescence a many-flowered dense spike ...............ccccccecececeeteeeenrenes 16. M. densispicata

15. Leaves elliptical; rachis of inflorescence pubescent ..............c:cceceeeeseeneeeneeeeens 12. M. cheelii

Leaves ovate; rachis of inflorescence VillOUS ......0....0e..ceeeeeeeveceevesceeeseeeenees 13. M. tortifolia

16. Fruit becoming embedded in thickened rachis; calyx lobes deciduous ..................cccceceeees 17

Rachis not thickened, fruit not embedded in it; calyx lobes persistent, or

RETIISTAISTONL S28 Lay ces ceaxgeee teary nine camieteyvareanapes awake eauassnnhadbend asehten Cadewen nan agen ptemages dnl 18

17. Leaves broadly ovate to obovate, keeled: venation visible ...............ccccccseeeee 14. M. gibbosa

Leaves narrowly obovate to linear, not keeled; venation not visible ............ 15. M. decussata

18. Inflorescence a many-flowered spike with woolly rachis ..............000064 16, M. densispicata

Inflorescence a few-flowered head, cluster or short spike with glabrous or shortly

PERE CENT ASS Oo a eaia sess au2adlue GLE CRRA aan e endala de walaa ANGhG a shey gee TDW EAD Belelieid ple Sea Zendoan Teer 19

19,

20.

21,

Pay

aay

24.

25.

26,

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34,

33)

Leaves linear-triangular, mostly sessile; stamens usually more than 10 mm long ..................

17. M. wilsonii

Leaves ovate or elliptic, petiolate; stamens usually less than 10 m long ............ccccccesseeeees 20

Flowers in clusters on older branchlets; rachis of inflorescence very short or absent;

filaments less than 20 on each Claw ...........ccccccceeseeenscceseeeeuseaneesseuvenss 18. M. acuminata

Flowers usually in a short spike; filaments 40—60 on each claw ................ 19. M. thymifolia

Flowers in clusters often on older branchlets; oil glands prominent in two rows on

lower heal Suiriaee soc vicay edeesasivcecagavcsrasernlavnindt ddacnertens bahixanawarags badettass 20. M. neglecta

Flowers not in clusters on older branchlets; oil glands randomly dispersed, usually

NOt PrOMINeNt ....,.......eeceee eee EVAR ga EET PURE catvat locate lhe aakewe'e tas uated elias uceaich tm eeUains sfevber hen x ee

Inflorescence a head, rachis rarely growing out to produce a leafy branchlet ................... 23

Inflorescences various, rachis growing out to produce a branchlet, at least in

perfect-flowered inflorescences .............ccceccescaceeeeeseeeecerevseesavenecssuerseeeseeaesrtenveuenaee 28

Inflorescences terminal on leafy branches ............0ccccceccecceceuceseseveceeeeecenesueeseseessaueereees 24

Inflorescences mostly axillary, sometimes terminal on leafless axillary branchlets ............ 26

Inflorescence 3--8— flowered; capsule valves distinctly exserted above circumscissed

CAL TOR seve saws Ue ncmaressawraus aya dousauyredaanmha sens eLblneRe emule tR Obras Te 21. M. angustifolia

Inflorescence 10—40—flowered; capsule valves about level with top of

Circurnscissett CALYX TBE ¢2,..0ccssccsersrsterecnevuctidencernvsavenectingcetlninnided devote sabecieodvecsesetn 25

Inflorescence 3—6 cm diam.; stamens more than 12 mm long ................0.. 22. M. magnifica

Inflorescence less than 3 cm diam.; stamens less than 8 mm long .............. 23. M. arnhemica

Calyx tube not circumsciss; flowers white ............cccccccecceeeccueeeuerseeueeeanees 24. M. acacioides

Calyx tube circumsciss; flowers red OF OFAN ge ...........cccscseseeecaeeveceeecesceceeeussuereveeneuseees 27

Filaments less than 20 on each claw; flowers usually orange ............... 25. M. symphyocarpa

Filaments 30—50 on each claw; flowers red ...........cccccceccevavevesvaecensesveneeeennees 26, M. brassii

Calyx lobes absent; flowers opening markedly centripetally .................. 27. M. cornucopiae

Calyx lobes present; flowers opening almost simultaneously ................cccecceseesceeeeeeseseees 29

Flowers in heads on short peduncle-like branchlets, leaves linear or terete ....,.............00008 30

Flowers variously arranged, if in heads not on peduncle-like branchlets,

LEANER VAP TOTES A waccusuncenioed ys pcan dase Resssaeen bead olds tion Lokase kenedntn vous ech eetenvetes kak yncdeieneg ite 32

Calyx lobes pubescent; leaves with semi-persistent pubescence ............00.+6 28. M. glomerata

Calyx lobes glabrous; leaves sericeous and glabrescent or glabrous .............c..cccccceeseeeeees 31

Leaves with curved, cuspid tips; usually virgate shrubs ................ccccccseeeeeee 29. M,. uncinata

Leaves with straight cuspid tips; not usually virgate shrubs ..............cccccceceees 30. M. nodosa

SEATIAOTIS HAUT, carecrga corsa revrearsss-enneonceharengnn ys vac crovpebenasederscpoaevstivend ody pokes 31. M. lasiandra

Stamens CLAW POUBS 5 osx pda enk hiiea pareecdlovtg ddeantis at aenecs Prcaee be hires openobwbelann wg edhe howe tere dilines 33

Leaves flat, petiolate, more than 2 cm long, mostly 5— or more veined; inflor-

escences more than 2 cm long, terminal, subterminal or upper axillary; flowers

TR CTT AS eA tale cdirastuteaid baad wb dhaglen vawateras een Saas bot iiaunanttasder tht kM sy anaeth Dhkepehsteedsheneaparhtuss 34

Characters not as or combined as above. Either leaves sessile or subsessile, or inflor-

escences less than 2 cm long or flowers single OF iN PaiIS ..............cccccece eases eeesvecereeees 41

Leaf indumentum consisting of short crispid or curved hairs, at least on young

leaves, with few or numerous long straight Nairs .......... 00... ccceeceseuceueeeucaucsteveusrsseeeas 35

Leaves glabrous or with straight hairs Only .............ccccccecceccccecuseeecuesuccescsuepeveuceuseeeesenss 36

Stamens less than 10 mm long, usually more than 25 per flower ................. 33. M. dealbata

Stamens to 20 mm long, less than 25 per flower .................ccccececcecseeeseeeeavas 32. M. nervosa

36.

af,

38.

39.

40.

41,

42.

43.

44,

a. Leaves wide usually 2—4 times long as wide; apex usually abruptly

TVATEO WED ih corvacep atarvncensareeatabsaneacainocsaerrifeheitissabetaaangeehy pen abesen ake f. latifolia

Leaves narrow, more than 4 times long as wide; apex tapered .............ccceceeeeceeceeees

b. Shrubs with erect branchlets, leaves thick ...............cccccsecueceeceeeceseeeessereaes f. nervosa

Trees with pendulous branchlets, leaves thin ................cc:esceceeeeeeesaveeeres f. pendulina

Inflorescences less than 2 cm wide; fruiting capsules to 2.5 mm long ..............ceceseeee enero 37

Inflorescences more than 2 cm wide; fruiting capsules usually more than 2.5 mm

long

Leaves sericeous; indumentum semi-persistent; staminal claw 2—2°5 mm long 35. M. sericea

Leaves glabrescent early; staminal claw less than 1:5 mm long (M. dealbata

(glabrous form) and M. saligna may key out here) ...............ccsceeeeee 34. M. stenostachya

a. Branchlets erect; leaves usually less than 10 mm wide and 10 cm long

ee ee ee

var. stenostachya

Branchlets pendulous; leaves usually less than 10 mm wide, if narrower

then more than 10 cm Ong ............ ccc cececece nee eeeseeeeeesaeseeeneecseareeenteees var. pendula

Inflorescence 20-25 mm wide, indumentum when present on young branchlets

Pebatatly VALOIS, So nchgrasesecvenrGgsbeashelereraneans honebes en kahteysttnewes sera peepee 36. M. cajuputi

Inflorescence more than 25 mm wide; branchlets glabrous or with appressed pubescence . 39

Leaves thin, usually wider at or below middle, glabrous or glabrescent very early;

branchlet thin, pendulous; inflorescence open to distant with glabrous rachis .................

38. M. leucadendra

Characters not as or combined as above. Either leaves thick or leaves sericeous or

branchlets erect or inflorescence dense or with pubescent rachis

Leaves thin, sericeous at first; branchlets thin, pendulous; stamens to 14mm long..............

37. M. argentea

Leaves stiff, usually thick, appressed pubescent or glabrous; branchlets mostly

thick and erect; stamens more than 15 mm long ..........0..eeeeeeeee cree eee 39. M. viridiflora

a. Leaves with persistent appressed pubescence, canescent ............:0:eeeeee var. Camescens

Leaves glabrous or glabrescent early ............ccccesceseeeeeceeceeeeeeneeneeseeaeeeenseneeaeareeeenes b

b. Rachis of inflorescence and calyces densely pubescent, leaves thick, mostly

more than 2.5 cm wide, glabrescent .............. 0c. cece eseeceecseeesasceeneees var. viridiflora

Characters not as or combined as above. Either rachis of inflorescence and

calyces glabrous, or leaves mostly less than 2°5 cm WIE .............0cccceceeeeeerereereeanes c

c. Leaves mostly more than 2°5 cm wide, glabrous; all parts of inflorescence

TA TIS is teaderragstusenices tain he enPaled auihenenepete tas Untans teste s tonndetne ay deteda Seige ty var. glabra

Leaves mostly less than 2°5 cm wide, glabrous or glabrescent; inflorescence

Plabrous OF PUDESCENE 2.0... cece eee ce cece csc et eee eens eens eee sbed sete ee pense et eeneaeagaeaeaeat ed d

d. Leaves thick, commonly more than 10 cm long; inflorescence usually

ERA OLAS a aa caine ce oreteparce tonal gal arelecnie yi ithall-al deat sateen sie vaablndarr tank eu eed ee neds var. attenuata

Leaves thin but stiff, mostly less than 10 cm long: inflorescence usually

PHANTES CIT LF aera cnirwrdt cecarerinlesstetittornmall satericrsterunea Gealsttabtadaathrrecda getter’ var. angustifolia

Leaves sessile, commonly pungent, mostly with 5—30 veins, sometimes obscure ............. 42

Leaves petiolate (sometimes very short), rarely pungent, 1—7 veins, sometimes obscure ... 43

Bark hard, fissured; petals without claws; leaves with S—11 veins .............. 40. M. bracteata

Bark layered, papery or scaly; petals clawed; leaves with 15-30 veins ... 41. M. styphelioides

a. Bark papery, calyx lobes tapered, usually more than 2 mm long; filaments

usually less than 20 on each Claw .........cccccccccecucesaeeeeeesseeeeeucerars var. styphelioides

Bark scaly; calyx lobes shortly acuminate, less than 2 mm long; filaments

commonly more than 20 on each claw 2.00.0... ccc ccceceseceeeeeeeea eres var. squamophloia

Leaves more than 3 Wi WIE cciscscs cass ees asenunens cevqs cocteepedeuperinbeyeebecmenl rnegeidasbektea edaues oe 44

Leaves fess theaty 3 i withe: hc ccsi ces cetere vagepena espns egesip dimen pay ertgpipteipans seqgaiinieeeupis edie nidrenbeces 49

Inflorescences globose or short spikes; staminal filaments 5—9 on each claw; leaves

THOStI SOF TIGTE VEIMEM ai ccoccecss escapee yg haem ar dantatbatantecugreonasy eect bleed awa nmakhs 45

Inflorescences elongated spikes; staminal filaments 6—28 on each claw; leaves

TSE AASVOMIEE, «ade. Dee naese favpps Shenae las oathaaassiehanerrexss cd Giat els nde nabubrieedcsanedes 46

45.

46,

47,

48.

49.

50.

51.

D2,

53.

54.

$3,

56.

57.

58.

59,

60.

61.

Inflorescences terminal; leaves usually broadly obovate to elliptical, obtuse ... 43. M. arcana

Inflorescences axillary and terminal; leaves narrowly obovate, acute............. 44, M. saligna

Flowers red, staminal filaments 6—11 on each claw or filaments sometimes fused

at. DASE INTO. ATE hice idieicaua coven tas ovadeivine Ch kutady eanplsiacs dbs dea teeicisy keangee eins 42. M. viminalis

a. Calyx shortly pubescent or glabrous; staminal bundles distinct; leaves

usually more than 8 mm Wide ............0c.ccccecescaveeceeeeecerseeseteneseeaeeeres var. viminalis

Calyx villous; staminal bundles often reduced to a fused ring of stamens;

leaves usually less than 8 mm Wide .............cc ccc eccecceceeecetenceeseeeeceecuueeeees var. minor

Flowers white; staminal filaments 11-28 on each claw 0... ccccececeeseeesucseseneresesusereses 47

Calyx tubes glabrous; rachis of inflorescence glabrous or puberulous ......... 45. M. groveana

Calyx tubes and rachis of inflorescence villous Or PUDESCENE .............ccecsceeceeeeeeseeeesenenes 48

Calyx tube 4—5 mm long; fruit 7—8 mm JONG ......... ce icceceececsareeeceeevenscaseunes 46. M. deanei

Calyx tube 2—3 mm long; fruit 3-5 mm long 20.0.0... cece cesses eene nee enenes 47. M. sieberi

Calyx tube thin, not thickened in fruit; flowers shortly pedicellate .......... 48. M. kunzeoides

Calyx tube thickened in fruit; flowers sessile ..............ccccccccecsccseeceereeeueueceeesenetaseeenenasens 50

Staminal claw more than 5 mm JOng ...............cccccccueseeceecesceecuseeeeseeecueseseeeseueseeneseusenars 51

Staminale lw to4. 1, Oe aa i-rcosesiaeveccavesegeydaners endure eeiastad xs bavaryan teen te reiahapesenreeniues 52

Inflorescences borne on lower axillary branchlets; bracts to 14 mm long, tapered;

Gare COTE YF MAE aoc a aly taenenred sire end lied Ue Pibid vedi dceadenrauasddchyn ds 49. M. armillaris

Inflorescences terminal, subterminal or on upper axillary branchlets; bracts

shorter; bark layered, PADeTy .........ccccccecesceseecsveeeaeeasenenseneneseasenseass 50. M. alternifolia

StVIE CHIL UIDESCRTTE | cress eicivessredseueenseendistadernncd cre wnnecebebsladevevabledbeneserved 51. M. decora

Py Sly EO B ts aspannccanacemenet-aee ve nioneeniw 2 oeinceceerpindia Oi svacnechet an web en nia asedta ea siee roncetyt ante avaegl 53

Style to 2mm long; free part of filaments to 1°S mm long ...................0008 52. M. linophylla

Style 3—8 mm long; free part of filaments more than 2mm long ...............:..ccceseceeeeeeeees 54

Flowers pink; leaves terete or only flattened towards tip, about 0°5 mm diam. ..................6

53. M. diosmatifolia

Flowers white, yellow or purple-pink; leaves flat or concave below, usually more

Plein ol LYST TLE footed peas seve tentvevtntes nea sinkeereton a Reccenayad sina valenncars Cds seeaceel he eseaus salad shemale ce 55

Calyx tube 1—2 mm long; leaves to 1°5 mm Wide ............. ccc cc eccceeeceeeeensceesueceenseueeeeearas 56

Calyx tube 2—3 mm long; leaves 1—3 mM WIde 00... ... ec ces ecscceeeeeesasreeseneuetneacensneneeuenees 58

Stamens less than 4 mm long ..... 00... cece ec ccecaeceseveereeeesuscenusaeeneaes 54. M. parvistaminea

Stamens more than 5 mum LONG .........ccececececeeeeeveseseseeseeeeenessvessusevesessevesesueetersenieetnses 87

Stamens yellow with 5—7 filaments on each claw; oil glands large, often raised on

CARVN AMA TCAVES oii cccs sens pinn cba ceretavetsbvedessedssrbebesvervvisedssuncensedpianyes phites 55. M. pustulata

Stamens white with 7--13 filaments on each claw; oil glands small, not raised ..................05

56. M. ericifolia

Bracts persistent till after anthesis, 3—5 veined; flowers purple-pink; filaments 4—9

NEMEC IIT AWE Sin) unites ten dag seen tebat nbeds Pruning cidade heauteded satiate suanelsboatales tue bte 08 57. M. squamea.

Bracts absent or caducous, not 3—5 veined; flowers white or yellow; filaments

more than B Gia Claw ccs ccscpecsacecesysesevadiasceteasperpecnednesayeenacysecevevtiontes pegepen sey vans 59

Calyx pubescent or villous; free part of filaments to 8 mm long ................cccceceeeeeener een ees 60

Calyx glabrous, sometimes puberulous; free part of filaments to 5mm long ................... 61

Branchlets, calyx and flowering rachis villous; fruit 5-6 mm long............... 58. M. capitata

Branchlets, calyx and flowering rachis pubescent; fruit 3—5 mm long ............ 57. M. sieberi

Staminal claw 3—4 mm long with 15—30 filaments on each claw ............. 59, M. dissitiflora

Staminal claw 1—1:5 mm long with 8—14 filaments on each claw ...........cccecceeecee teen scene 62

62. Inflorescences usually leafy with flowers in triads; fruit ovoid to urceolate ............c. cece

60. M. lanceolata

Inflorescence not leafy; flowers single, fruit cylindrical (Lord Howe I. only)

ee ee ee a

61. M. howeana

1. M. foliolosa Cunn. ex Benth., Fl. Aust. 3:162 (1867). Type: Queensland, Cape Flinders, A.

Cunningham (BM).

Shrub or small tress to 7 m high. Bark compact, layered, papery. Branchlets woolly, deeply ex-

cavated under leaves. Leaves opposite, sessile, peltately attached, concave, broadly angular-

elliptical, scale-like, acute, obtuse at base, 2-3 mm long, ca 1 mm wide, glabrous, sometimes with

ciliate margins, 5—veined, obscure, oil glands obscure. Inflorescence a few flowered terminal

spike; flowers single; rachis woolly, growing out before anthesis; bracts and bracteoles semipersis-

tent, broadly triangular, 1—2 mm long, striate. Calyx tube cylindrical, 1—1:5 mm long and wide,

glabrous; lobes semicircular, about 0°5 mm long, striate with thin ciliate margin, glabrous. Petals

white, circular, clawed, about 2 mm diam., striate. Stamens white, glabrous; claw 3—5 mm long;

filaments 20—30 attached to margin and inner surface of upper third of each claw, free part to

2mm long. Style 1—2 mm long, glabrous, stigma small. Ovary ca 05 mm long, woolly above.

Fruit, campanulate to nearly spherical, 4—5 mm long and wide, orifice to 2 mm diam., calyx lobes

deciduous, usually few in an open spike. Map 1.

Queensland: Cape York Peninsula north of about 19°S.

Selected specimens, Cook District: Wenlock, Batavia River, Jul 1927, Brass 19716 (BRI); near Morhead R., 15°00'S,

143°45'E, Jun 1971, Hyland 5188 (BR1); Laura, 15° 34'S, 144° 27'E, Nov 1965, Pedley 1858 (BRI); 8 [18 km] miles E of For-

sayth, Jul 1953, Perry 3842 (BR1).

2.M. minutifolia F, Muell., Trans. Phil. Inst. Vic. 3:45 (1859); Benth., Fl. Aust. 3:162 (1867); Car-

rick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1:301, f. 13 (1979). Type: North Western Australia

(Victoria River) (MEL).

Shrub or small trees to 7 m high. Bark compact, layered, papery. Branchlets glabrous, excavated at

nodes. Leaves opposite, sessile, peltately attached, obovate, scale-like, concave, acuminate, trun-

cate at base, 1—3 mm long, to 1 mm wide, glabrous, 5-9 veined, sometimes obscure, oil glands

usually obscure. Inflorescence a few flowered terminal or subterminal spike; flowers single; rachis

glabrous growing out at or after anthesis; bracts semipersistent, broadly triangular, about 1-5 mm

long, striate; bracteoles semipersistent, ovate, about 1 mm long, keeled. Calyx tube campanulate,

about 1-5 mm long and wide, glabrous; lobes semi-elliptical, about 0-5 mm long, striate, glabrous.

Petals, white, ovate, clawed, to 1-5 mm long. Stamens white, glabrous; claw 2—3 mm long;

filaments 8—15 attached to margins and inner surface near apex of each claw, free part to 4mm

long. Style about 5 mm long (reduced in male flowers) glabrous; stigma small. Ovary ca 0-5 mm

long, woolly at apex. Fruit, ovoid, campanulate to urceolate, 2—3 mm long and wide, orifice

1 —1°5 mm diam., calyx lobes semi-persistent, single or few in an open spike. Map 2.

Northern Australia: Kimberley area of Western Australia, Northern Territory and Cape York

Peninsula, Queensland.

Selected specimens. Western Australia: 11 miles [18 km] E of ‘Gibb River’ Station, Sep 1954, Speck 4995 (BRI, CANB).

Northern Territory: Near Katherine, 14° 22'S, 132° 23E, Oct 1946, Blake 17218 (BRI); 12 miles [19 km] SSE of ‘Wiileraa’

Station, Jun 1949, Perry 2051 (BRI); Queensland: 1°3 miles [2 km] Sof Chewko turnoff, Mareeba-Atherton Rd., Jan 1962,

Webb & Tracey 5545 (BRI).

3. M. punicea Byrnes, sp. nov. (see p.74).

Shrub to 3 m high, spreading. Bark hard, layered, fissured, flaky. Branchlets pubescent, deeply ex-

cavated under each leaf. Leaves spirally arranged, sessile, peltately attached, obovate, scale-like,

concave, acute, rounded or truncate at base, 1—1-5 mm long, to | mm wide, pubescent on inner

surface, 3—veined, midvein only visible, oil glands obscure. Inflorescence a few flowered dense

terminal head; flowers single; rachis pubescent, growing out after anthesis; bracts semipersistent,

ovate acuminate, to 2mm long, striate, partly pubescent; bracteoles semipersistent, ovate, about

1-5mm long, keeled ciliate. Calyx tube turbinate, 1-2 mm long and wide, glabrous; lobes broadly

triangular, 1—1:5 mm long, striate with ciliate margins, glabrous. Petals brown, ovate, truncate,

not clawed, 2—2°5 mm long, striate with thin ciliate margin. Stamens red, pubescent inside claw;

claw 2—3 mm long; filaments 8— 14 attached to margin of each claw near apex, free part to 7 mm

long. Style 9-12 mm long, glabrous, (aborted in male flowers); stigma small. Ovary about 1 mm

long, woolly above. Fruit angular, flattened above, to 4mm long, 6 mm wide, orifice 1—1'°5 mm

diam., calyx lobes absent, few in dense globose head about 1 cm diam. Map 3.

Northern Territory: sandstone areas of Arnhem Land.

Specimens examined. Northern Territory: 13° 07'S, 133° 09’E, Jul 1972, Lazarides 7610. (Type: BRI, holo; CANB, DNA,

NSW, iso); Deaf Adder Gorge, Feb 1977, Fox 2506 (BRI, DNA), & 2518 (BRI, DNA), & Jul 1978, Dunlop 4989 (DNA);

2—3 miles [3—5 km] N of El Sharana, Jan 1973, Martenz & Schodde AE585 (BRI, DNA}; 13° 06'S, 132° 56’E, Jul 1978,

McGillivray 3944 & Dunlop (BRI, DNA).

4.M. tamariscina Hooker in Mitchell, Trop. Aust. 262 (1848); Benth., Fl. Aust. 3:163 (1867); Car-

rick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(5):302 (1979), Type: Belyando R., about 21°19'S,

Aug 1846, Mitchell (K, n.v.).

Shrub or small tree to 7 m high. Bark compact, layered, papery. Branchlets glabrous, deeply ex-

cavated under leaves. Leaves spirally arranged, sessile, peltately attached, circular to ovate, scale-

like, concave, obtuse to acuminate, rounded at the base, 0°5—3 mm long, glabrous sometimes with

ciliate margins, | —5 veins, obscure; oil glands usually obscure. Inflorescences usually an open, few

to many flowered terminal spike; flowers single or in triads, rachis pubescent, growing out before

anthesis; bracts, broadly triangular, about 1:5 mm long, striate with ciliate margins, deciduous;

bracteoles filiform, tomentose. Calyx tube campanulate, about 1:5 mm long and wide, glabrous;

lobes semicircular about 0-5 mm long, striate, glabrous with minutely ciliate margins. Petals white,

almost circular, shortly clawed about 1:5 mm long, Stamens white, glabrous; claw 3--4:5 mm long;

filaments 8— 15 attached near apex of each claw, free part to 4mm long. Style 5—8 mm long (reduc-

ed in male flowers) glabrous; stigma small. Ovary about 0-8 mm long, tomentose at apex. Fruit

truncate conical to nearly spherical, 2—3 mm long, 3—4 mm diam., orifice 1~2 mm, calyx lobes

sometimes persistent but not enlarged, few to many in open or dense spikes. Map 4.

North-central Queensland.

Selected specimens, Queensland. NorTH Kennepy District: 18 miles [29 km] ENE of Torrens Creek, Jun 1953, Perry 3585

(BRI). MircHet District: Jericho, Jul 1934, Blake 6819 (BRI); Barcaldine, Nov 1943, White 12379 (BRI); 27 km E of

Aramac, Jul 1975, Beeston 1114C (BRI).

5. M. irbyana R. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 37:587. Pl. 64 (1913). Type: New South Wales:

Lawrence Road, Casino, L. G, irby (NSW).

Shrubs or small trees to 8 m high. Bark layered, papery, spongy and loose. Branchlets shortly

puberulous or glabrous, shallowly excavated at nodes. Leaves scattered or spirally arranged,

sessile, peltately attached, elliptical to ovate, concave becoming flattened towards apex, acute to

acuminate, rounded or truncate at base, 2°5—4-5 mm long, glabrous sometimes with ciliate

margins 7—9 veined, often obscure, oil glands mostly obscure. Inflorescence a terminal or subter-

minal, few to many flowered dense spike, flowers mostly in triads, rachis thinly pubescent, grow-

ing out before anthesis, bracts broadly triagular, to 4 mm long, striate, glabrous, deciduous;

bracteoles ovate, about 1-5 mm long, keeled, deciduous. Calyx tube turbinate to campanulate,

rarely urceolate, 1-5—2-5 mm long and wide, glabrous; lobes semicircular with narrow margins,

about 0°5 mm long, glabrous. Petals white or tinged pink, nearly circular, claw short or absent,

about 1:5 mm long. Stamens white, glabrous; claw 2:5--4 mm long, filaments 6—11 attached to

margin of each claw near apex, free part to 4 mm long. Style 7—9 mm long (reduced in male

flowers), glabrous; stigma capitate. Ovary about 1 mm long, tomentose at apex. Fruit cam-

panulate to nearly spherical, 3—4 mm long and wide, orifice about 1-2 mm diam., calyx lobes

semipersistent but not enlarged, usually in open spikes. Map 5.

Eastern Australia: south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales.

Selected specimens. Queensland. Moreton District: 19 km SSE of Rosewood, Oct 1971, Durrington 619 (BRI); Approx.

27° 46'S, 153° GI'E, Nov 1969, Bigke 23119 (BRI); near Jimboomba, Aug 1931, White 7865 (BRI). New South Wales:

Casino, in 1917, Irby (BRI, NSW).

6. M. pallescens Byrnes, sp. nov. (see p.74).

Shrubs, usually virgate, to 3 m high. Bark hard, furrowed. Branchlets glabrous, shallowly to

moderately excavated at nodes. Leaves scattered, sessile, peltately attached, cbovate to narrowly

triangular, recurved, obtuse to acuminate, truncate or rounded and concave at base, 1—5 mm long,

glabrous, 3—5 veins, obscure, oil glands usually obscure. Inflorescence a few to many flowered ter-

minal or subterminal spike; flowers mostly in triads, rachis puberulous growing out before an-

thesis, bracts deciduous, ovate-acuminate, to 3-5 mm long, striate; bracteoles narrowly ovate,

about 1 mm long, keeled, Calyx tube campanulate, 1—2 mm long, | - 1:5 mm wide, puberulous to

glabrous; lobes semicircular about 0°5 mm long, glabrous, usually 3—veined, margins ciliolate.

Petals white usually with pink midline, broadly ovate, with or without short claw, about 1°5 mm

long. Stamens mauve to pink, fading with age, glabrous; claw 2—3 mm long; filaments 7—9 attach-

ed to upper margin of each claw; free part to 5 mm long. Style to 8 mm long (reduced in male

flowers); stigma capitate. Ovary ca 1 mm long, tomentose at apex. Fruit ovoid to nearly spherical,

3—5 mm long and wide, orifice 1-2 mm diam., calyx lobes persistent but not enlarged; few to

many usually in dense spikes. Map 6.

Queensland: inland areas of south-eastern region.

Queensland. Moreton District: Indooroopilly (cultivated), Nov 1979, Byrnes 3940 (Type BRI, holo; CANB, NSW, iso).

DaRLING Downs District: 27km S of Hannaford, Nov 1971, Stevenson (BRI); Miles, Sep 1970, Trapnell & Williams (BRI) &

May 1960, Bigke 21274 (BRI); Inglewood, Nov 1922, White, Doggrell & Smith (BRI); Kogan, Jul 1973, Hockings (BRI);

10°3 mifes {16 km] E of Tara, May 1961, Smith 11346 (BRI); Enniskillen, Nov 1943, WAite 12378 (BRI).

APPENDIX

Diagnoses and new combinations for names used in the key (p.67), The species are numbered as

they are in the key.

3. Melaieuca punicea Byrnes sp. nov., affinis M4. tamariscinae Hooker capitulis paucifloris densis staminibus puniceis

pubescentibus intra unguem differt. Typus: Lazarides 7610 (BRI, holo; CANB, DNA, NSW, iso).

6. Melaleuca pallescens Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis A%. fartariscinae Hooker foliis ad apicem recurvatis, staminibus

paucioribus malvinis primo differt. Typus: Byrnes 3940 (BRI, holo; CANB, NSW, iso}.

10, Melaleuca biconvexa Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis M4. cheelii C, White foliis utroque costae latere convexis, infra carinatis.

Typus: Story 6681 (NSW, holo; BRI, iso).

M. pauciftora auct. non Turcz.; Benth., Fl. Austr. 3:139 (1867),

Turczaninov based M. pauciflora on Gilbert 40, a collection from Western Australia, Bentham did not see this collec-

tion but, evidently believing it had come from eastern Australia, based his description on McArthur 221 which he considered

agreed with Turczanov’s description. 4, pauciflora Turcz. differs from the species from New South Wales described by

Bentham in having axillary, not terminal, inflorescences and only seven staminal filaments in each bundle. The syntypes of

M, leptoclada Benth. (collections of Brown and Drummond from Western Australia) match the type of M. paucifiora at

Kew and the name must be treated as asynonym of M, /epteciada.

13. Melaleuca tortifolia Byrnes, sp, nov. affinis M. cheeifiC, White foliis ovatis longioribus vulgo tortis, spicis densis calyce

villoso, stigmate non capitate differt. Typus: Williams s.n. (NE 39994a, holo; NSW, iso).

16. Melaleuca densispicata Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis 4. adnatae Turcz. foliis attenuatissimis nec recurvatis, calycis tubo non

pustulato, rhacidi inflorescentiae crescente post florescentiam differt. Typus: Everist 872 (BRI, holo).

In his presidential address to the Botany Section of ANZAAS in 1937, Cheel referred to this species as. M. adnata var.

aspera, but published no description,

23. Melaleuca arnhemica Byrnes, sp. nov. affis. M. magnificae Specht florium partibus omnibus parvioribus et staminibus

paucis differt. Typus: Craven 5926 (BRI, holo; CANB, iso).

26. Melaleuca brassii Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis M. syimphyocarpae F. Muell. bracteolis bilobis, petalis rubris, staminibus

rubris pluribus differt, Typus: Brass 5690 (BRI, holo).

27, Melaleuca cornucopiae Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis Mf. salignae Schauer inflorescentiis longioribus valde centripedis calycis

lobis carentibus. Typus: Dunlop 4030 (BRI, holo; DNA, iso},

32. Melaleuca nervosa (Lindley) Cheel

f. latifolia Byrnes, form. nov. affinis Af. nervosae f. nervosae foliis distinctius obovatis latioribus usque 40 mm latis.

Typus: Blake 16344 (BRI, holo).

f. pendulina Byrnes, form. nov, affinis Af, nervosae f. nervosae ramulis pendulis, foliis angustis tenuibus differt.

Typus: Brass 19778 (BRI, holo).

34, Melaleuca stenostachya S. T. Blake var. pendula Byrnes, var. nov. affinis Mf. sfenostachyae var. stenostachyae cartice

papyraceo, ramulis pendulis, internodis longioribus et foliis longioribus latioribusve differt. Typus: Webb & Tracey

5989 (BRI, holo).

35. Melaleuca sericea Byrnes, sp. nov, affinis MM. stenostachyae S, T. Blake inflorescentiis brevioribus subterminalibus

staminum ungue longiore et indumento ramulorum, foliorum, calycis loborumet fructuum persistente differt. Typus:

Lazarides 5133 (BRI, holo; CANB, iso).

39. Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertner

var. canescens Byrnes, var. nov. affinis M. viridiflorae var. viridiftorae foliis canescentibus indumento expilis persisten-

tibus appressis differt. Typus: Ped/ey 1843 (BRI, holo).

var, glabra (C. White) Brynes, comb. nov. Based on M. cunninghamii Schauer var. glabra C. White, J. Arnold Arb.

23:47 (1942). Type: Brass 8485 (BRI, holo).

var. attenuata Byrnes, var. nov.; a. M. viridifforae var. viridifiorae foliis angustioribus minus quam 2‘5 cm latis, a var.

angustifoliae (L.f.) Byrnes foliis tenuibus sed rigentibus plerumque longioribus plus quam 10cm longis, inflorescentis

plerumque glabris distin guitur. Typus: Moriarty 9 (BRI, holo).

var. angustifolia (L.f.} Byrnes, comb. nov. Based on M. leucodendron (L.) L. var. angustifolia L.f., Suppl. Pl, 342

(1781). Type: New Caledonia, Forster (LINN, holo, n.v.; BRI, microfiche).

M. quinquenervia (Cav.) 8S. T. Blake, Proc, Roy. Soe. Qd 69:76 (1958), For further synonymy sec Blake, Contr. Qd

Herb. 1:28 (1968},

41, Melaleuca styphelioides Smith var. squamophloia Byrnes, var. nov.; a M. styphelioide var. styphelioide cortice

squamato lobis calycis longioribus staminibus pluribus, Typus: K. R. Kerrs.n., Dec 1949 (BRI, holo; CANB, NSW,

180),

42. Melaleuca viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertner) Byrnes, comb. nov. Based on Metrosideros viminalis Sol. ex Gaertner, Fruct. et

Semin. 1:181,t. 34, f.4(!788). Type: Endeavour River, Solander (K, n.v.).

Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertner) G. Don ex Loudon, Hort. Brit. 197 (1830).

C. speciosus auct. non DC,; Bailey Qld Flora 2:594 (1900),

var. minor Byrnes, var. noy,; affinis Mf. viminali var. virninali foliis angustioribus calyce villoso staminorum ungue

paene nullo distinguitur. Typus: Hubbard 3828 (BRI, holo).

Although Metrosideros viminatis was described from Australian material, it was not considered by Bentham in Flora

Austratiensis. It was referred to Calfistemon by Don and later by Cheel (Svensk. Vet.-Acad. Handl. n.s. 52(10) 16. 1919).

The stamens are definitely in bundles, particularly so in M. viminalis var. vintinalis, and it is best referred to Melaleuca.

48. Melaleuca kunzeovides Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis M. sieberi Schau. floribus pedicellatis fructibus parietibus tenuibus

differt. Type: Sandecoe s.n., 13 April 1981 (BRI, holo; CANB, K, NSW, iso).

54. Melaleuca parvistaminea Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis M. ericifoliae Sm. glandibus foliorum paucioribus filamentis

slaminorum paucioribus (3—5} conjunctis in ungue breviore differt, Typus: Muir 3549 (MEL, holo; AD, iso).

References

BENTHAM, G, (1866), Melaleuca, Flora Australiensis 3:123—163. London: Reeve & Co.

BLAKE, S. T. (1968). A revision of Melg@ieuca leucadendron and its allies (Myrtaceae). Contributions from the Queensland

Herbarium No. 1. 114 pp.

CARRICK, J. &K. CHORNEY (1979), A review of Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) in South Australia. Journal of the Adelaide

Botanic Gardens 1:281-—319,

Accepied July 1983.

Maps 1, Melaleuca foliolosa, 2. M. minutifolia. 3, M, punicea 4. M. tamariscina, 5..M. irbyana. 6..M. pallescens.

Austrobaileya 2(1) 77 — 79 (1984)

A REVISION OF XYLOSMA G. FORSTER (FLACOURTIACEAE)

IN AUSTRALIA

by L. W. Jessup

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

Four species of Xv/osma occur in Australia, all are endemic. The name X. ovatum Benth. has been misapplied to one Lord

Howe Island species, X. parvifolium from Lord Howe Island is described as new,

Four species of Xy/osma occur in Australia. Two species are endemic on the mainland and

two on Lord Howe Island.

Differences in the flowers and fruit among species of Xy/osma are often slight. This has

previously been pointed out by Sleumer (1974) who also observed that vegetative characters “.. .

seem to be surprisingly constant... .”. A key to 19 species recognised in the Flora treatment of the

genus for New Caledonia by Lescot (1980), which is a modification of Sleumer’s (1974) revision,

relies heavily of vegetative features.

Until 1971_X. ovatum Benth. appears to have been known only from specimens collected by

Banks and Solander, Cunningham (type) and Robert Brown, Examination of the type and recent

collections including some by the author from the type locality has shown that specimens from

Lord Howe Island have been incorrectly placed under X. ovatum.

Sleumer (1938) described a new species, X. maidenii from Lord Howe Island which was

subsequently treated as a minor ecological variant within the bulk of the Lord Howe Island

population (Sleumer, 1967).

Subsequent collections apparently confirm this view. Under the present circumstances the

name X. maidenii must now be applied to the relatively more common large-leaved species on Lord

Howe Island.

The population of small-leaved shrubs occurring on Mt Gower, Lord Howe Island known as

X, ovatum Benth. var. parvifolium F. Muell. ex Sleumer is here treated as a distinct species.

Descriptions and illustrations of the two Lord Howe Island species are provided here.

Descriptions and illustrations of the two mainland species are provided in Flora of Australia,

Vol. 8.

1. Stamens up to 20; filaments up to 2°5 mm long. Petioles 0°4--0-7 (0-8) mm wide ................. 2

Stamens 25—30; filaments 2°5—3 mm long. Petioles 0°7—1-5 mm wide ..............ccecceeeeee ee 3

2. Stamens ca 12; filaments ca 1-3 mm long. Sepals ciliate on margins. Leaves entire or

with 5—10 teeth on each Margin .......... cece cec cee eceeceeeceeeeseseucseceseentaeraenerseres %. ovatum

Stamens ca 20; filaments ca 2°5 mm long. Sepals +glabrous on margins. Leaves

with 2—4 teeth on each Margin ...... ccc cece ee eceeceesucuecsuneneucuseeeseasunes X. parvifoium

3. Leaves with 3—5 pairs of secondary veins, reticulate venation + conspicuous;

marginal glands at base of lamina scarcely more prominent that glands higher up,

or absent; petioles (4) 5—8 (12) mm long ...........c ccc ccc eeecnccneseusereeeneraeeurens %. maidenii

Leaves with 5—10 pairs of secondary veins, reticulate venation inconspicuous;

marginal glands at base of lamina only or much larger than any glands higher up;

petioles 3—5 (7) mm ION 00.0... cece ccc cee ec cet ee eee eeneeenesneeseseeeseueeneees X., terrae-reginae

Xylosma parvifolium Jessup, species nova affinis X. ovato Benth. staminibus plus numerosis,

filamentis longioribus, marginibus sepalis fere glabris, foliis parvis cum dentibus paucis et

inflorescentiis masculis paucifloribus differt. Holotypus: Growing high up on the sides of

Mt Gower, Lord Howe Island, 126 (collector incerta), flowers in January. MEL 582311

(MEL).

Frutex vel arbuscula ad 4 m alta. Ramu puberuli, atrobrunnei; lenticellae numerosae rotundae, pallidae. Laminae

tigidae chartaceae, glabrae, costaexcepta, elliptico-obovatae (0-4) 0-7 1-2 (3) x (0-25) 0-45—0-8 (1:5) cm; apex obtusus vel

rotundatus, vix acutus; basis acuta vel obtusa; margines serrato-dentatac, raro integrae; venae secundariae 2—4—jugae.

Petioli puberuli (1) 2—2°5 (3) x 0-4—0-6 mm. Flores masculi: racemi axillares usque 3—flori vel flos solitarius et rhachim

terminans. Rhachis et pedicelli sparse puberuli. Sepala 5, extra glabra, sparse intra puberula, anguste vel late obovata. Lobi

disci crassi, Stamina circa 20; filamenta glabra circa 2:5 mm longa. Flores feminiei et fructus non visi.

Synonym: X, ovatum Benth. var. parvifolium F. Muell. ex Sleumer, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-

Dahlem 14 (123): 297 (1938) Type: New South Wales and Queensland, F. Mueller, (B, holo, n.v.),

Shrub or small tree to 4m, branchlets puberulent, dark brown with numerous round, pale len-

ticels. Leaves rigidly chartaceus, glabrous except the midvein, elliptic-obovate, lamina (0-4)

0-7~1-2(3) x (0:25) 0-45—0°8 (1-5) cm, tip obtuse or rounded, scarcely acute, base acute or obtuse,

margins serrate-dentate, rarely entire; secondary veins 2—4 pairs. Petioles puberulent, (1) 2—2°5

(3) x 0'4—0°6 mm. Male flowers in axillary racemes of up to 3 flowers or solitary and terminating

the rachis. Rachis and pedicels sparsely puberulent. Sepals 5, glabrous outside sparsely puberulent

inside, narrowly or broadly obovate. Disc lobes thick. Stamens c. 20; filaments glabrous c. 2:5 mm

long. Female flowers and fruits not seen. Fig. 1 C, D.

New South Wales: Lord Howe Island; Mt Gower MEL 100641 (MEL); on mountains MEL 100642 (MEL); Near the summit

of Mt Gower MEL 582308 (MEL); Fullgar MEL 582309 (MEL); Shrub or bush high up on Mt Gower, flowers in December,

MEL 582310 (MEL), NSW 90185 (NSW); On S side of ridge above Goat House Cave, /. Pickard 1527 (NSW); Ridge on N

end of Mt Gower below Get Up Place, 24 May 1971, /. Pickard s.n. (NSW); N ridge Mt Gower, J. Pickard 2637 (NSW).

Endemic to Lord Howe Island in high altitude low closed forests and thickets.

Xylosma maidenii Sleumer, Notizb/. Bot, Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14 (123):294 (1938). Type: Lord

Howe Island, 1888, (18987) J. H. Maiden (B holo, n.v.).

Shrub or tree to 15 m, branchlets puberulent towards apex, soon glabrous, dark brown with

numerous round, pale lenticels. Leaves rigidly chartaceus to coriaceous, glabrous, ovate, oblong-

ovate or elliptical, lamina (3) 4-6 (10) x (1-5) 2—3 (6) cm, tip acute, shortly acuminate or obtuse,

base obtuse or acute, always decurrent, margins entire or crenate-dentate; secondary veins 3—5

pairs, decurrent with midvein towards base. Petioles (4) 5—8 (12) x 0°7—1-2 (1:5) mm. Flowers in

short, axillary or lateral, solitary or fasicled racemes. Rachises and pedicels glabrous or

puberulent. Sepals 4 or 5, glabrous outside, pubescent inside and on margins, outer pair ovate, in-

ner pair obovate-orbicular. Male flowers: disc lobes thick; stamens 25—30, filaments glabrous,

2°5—3 mm long. Female flowers: disc multilobed, lobes + flat; staminodes | or 2 or absent. Ovary

glabrous, ovoid-globose, tapering to 2(3) connate styles 0:5 mm long. Stigmas reniform or

2—lobed. Placentas 2, each with 2 ovules. Fruit globose — ovoid c. 5°7 mm diameter, 1 or

2--seeded. Fig. 1 A, B.

New South Wales: Lord Howe Island; N flank of Mt Lidgbird, near “Smoking Tree”, M.4./. van Balgooy 1069 (NSW); 17

May 1920, J. L. Boorman NSW 90184 (NSW), Dec 1936, J, D. McComish NSW 90181 (NSW); Jan 1937, J. D. McComish

NSW 95772 (NSW); Feb 1937, J. D. McContish BRI 050568 (BRI), NSW 95777 (NSW); Mar 1937, J. D. MeComish NSW

95773, 95774, 95775 (NSW); Dec 1938, J. D. McComish BRI 050567 (BRD; W side of Dawson Point Ridge, J. Pickard 3374

(NSW); N side of Intermediate Hill, J. Pickard 1346&.A. Rodd (NSW); S base of Malabar, c. 10m above Neds Beach Road,

A. Rodd 1700 (NSW).

Found “at the foot of the hills running through the centre of the island.”

Xylosma ovatum Benth., Fl. Austral. 1:108 (1863); L. W. Jessup, Fl. Australia 8:72 (1982). Type:

Rodds Bay, NE Australia, May 1819, A. Cunningham 306 (BM holo n.v., Bison.v., K iso).

Xylosma terrae-reginae C. White & Sleumer in Sleumer, Notizb/. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12

(114):477 (1935); L. W. Jessup, Fl. Australia 8:72 (1982). Type: Oakview, South Burnett

District, July 1926, #! Reynolds s.n. (B holo n.v., BRI iso, MEL iso).

Acknowledgements

] would like to thank Mr L. Pedley and Dr G. P. Guymer for their encouragement and advice. Mrs

Gillian Rankin prepared the line drawings.

References

LESCOT, M. (1980). Flacourtiaceae. Flore de la Nouvelle Caledonie et dependances Vol. 9. Museum National D’Histoire

Natureile, Paris.

SLEUMER, H. (1938). Die malesisch-pacifischen Xylosma-Arten. Notizblati des Botanischen Gariens und Museums zu

Berlin-Dahlem 14 (123):288 — 297,

SLEUMER, H. (1967) Flacourtiaceae. Contributions New South Wales National Herbarium. Flora Series; No. 136,

Supplement.

SLEUMER, H. (1975). A concise revision of the Flacourtiaceae of New Caledonia and the Loyality Islands. Blumea

22(4):123—147.

Accepted April 1982.

Fig. 1. XYLOSMA. X, maidenii: A. habit, with fruit (x 1). B. flower with one sepal removed (x 6). X. pervifolium: C,

habit(x 1). D. flower (x 6).

8 |

Austrobaileya 2(1) 81 — 86 (1984)

REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN VITACEAE,

1. AMPELOCISSUS PLANCHON

by Betsy R. Jackes

Botany Department,

James Cook University of North Queensland,

Townsville, Qld 4811

Summary

A new species of Ampelocissus, A. frutescens is described and a new combination A, gardineri based on Vitis gardineri

Bailey is made. A description of the genus and of each of the three species is given, together with a key to the species.

The family comprises 12 genera which are found mainly in the tropics and subtropics of the

world. Five of these genera occur in Australia, with Clematicissus endemic to Western Australia.

The family is easily recognised because it consists mostly of vines with leaf-opposed tendrils,

however generic limits are not easily defined because of the tremendous variation that occurs in

leaf characters and the constancy of reproductive structures as well as the difficulty in obtaining

fertile material. A description of the family as well as a key to the genera in Australia has been given

by Jackes (1983).

AMPELOCISSUS

Ampelocissus Planchon, Vigne Amer, 8:371 (1884) nom, cons.; in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5:368

(1887).

Botria Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch:153 (1790); Merrill, Comment. Lour. Fl. Cochinch.:253 (1935).

nom. rej,

Botrya Jussieu, Mem. Mus. Paris 3:444 (1817). ortho. var.

Vines or occasionally erect shrubs bearing leaf-opposed tendrils; tendrils frequently bifurcate

rarely present at every node; aerial portion produced annually from perennial tuberous rootstock

which develops from adventitious roots arising in the axils of the cotyledons. Leaves alternate; in

Australian species, pedate with 3—11 leaflets, sometimes imperfectly divided, margin usually

shallowly serrated except when very young, leaves in extra-Australian species may be simple,

digitate 3—5—foliolate, or pedate, margins entire or variously lobec. Stipules 2, caducous. Degree

and type of pubescence on aerial parts varies between species. Inflorescence generally a large,

multiflowered panicle, occasionally cymose or contracted to form clusters, in most species a ten-

dril is associated with the inflorescence and arises in the axil of the first bract on the rachis.

Peduncles and pedicels subtended by bracts. Flowers usually bisexual, small, pentamerous rarely

tetramerous, buds not swollen. Calyx cup-shaped, usually 5—lobed. Petals 5 free, spreading,

valvate, adhering in bud by the interlocking epidermal cells, cucullate at the apex, covering anthers

before anthesis, Stamens inserted on the receptacle at the base of the disc, opposite the petals,

filaments erect often flattened, anthers introrse, dorsifixed opening by longitudinal slits. Pollen

grains tricolporate. Disc adnate to and entirely surrounding the ovary, 5~—10--ridged. Ovary

2—locular with 2 anatropous basally attached ovules per locule. Style short, conical, often striate;

stigma minute, flat or depressed at the summit of the style. Berry fleshy, with 2—4 dorsiventrally

compressed boat-shaped seeds. Seeds in transverse section vary according to the number maturing

in the fruit, often somewhat 3~ angled; the dorsal side has a central flattened area formed by the

perichalaza, two large furrows either side of the raphe occur on the ventral surface, horizontal

ridges run from the dorsal to the ventral side. Endosperm in transverse section T—shaped.

Mucilage cells and raphide sacs, also often with mucilage, appear to be present in all organs.

Type: A. latifolius (Roxb.) Planchon.

Like all members of the Vitaceae, species of Ampelocissus show a great range of variation

particuarly with respect to size and shape of leaves, and types and distribution of trichomes. Since

leaf size and degree of pubescence are influenced by age and habit, it is essential whenever possible

to compare specimens of similar age because, for example, old leaves of normally pubescent

species may be glabrous.

The combination of characters distinguishing A pelocissus from other genera of the family

are: inflorescence usually a large panicle bearing a tendril on the rachis; pentamerous her-

maphrodite or polygamous flowers; corolla not swollen in bud; stamens erect before anthesis and

hidden under the hooded apex of the petals; endosperm T-shaped in transverse section. Whilst

reproductive characters may be used to distinguish between genera, there is insufficient variation

in them to delimit species.

According to Galet (1967) there are 94 species, most of which occur in the African and Asian

tropical and subtropical areas. Four species are reported from Central America. In the immediate

vicinity of Australia there are five species: in Timor, A. acu/eata (Spanoche) Planchon, leaves

pedate with cobwebby hairs and prickly stems; A. arachnoidea (Hassk.) Planchon, leaves simple

covered with dense cobwebby hairs; A. barbata (Wall.) Planchon, leaves simple, inflorescence

much contracted: in New Guinea; A. ochracea (Teysm. & Binn.) Merrill & Rolfe, leaves simple

covered with cobwebby hairs often reddish, flowers sessile; A. muelleriana Planchon, leaves

trifoliate with pale cobwebby hairs, laterals strongly serrated on the lower margin. A. acefosa (F.

Muell.) Planchon, occurs both in Papua New Guinea and Australia.

Pollen grains from at least five localities per species were examined and the percentage of

aborted pollen grains recorded, Ten to twenty percent appeared to have aborted in both A. acetosa

and A. frutescens, whilst in A. gardineri approximately fifty percent had aborted.

Key to the Species

1, Inflorescence branches usually 2—3; glabrous or with short hairs only, mature leaves

glabrous or sparsely DUDESCENE 2.20... ce ccc eeceecesscuseceuseeevensesencussesesesnscnces A. acetosa

Inflorescence branches usually 5—9, rarely glabrous, mature leaves with cobwebby

UU STOEL NANG alas gta spigkciid oven 0 9 Panag ace Cloves 4 Se tp th eda bd matpeeoaach Golda phe de-aecetbennes baw Peta tie eda esen 2

2. Cobwebby hairs rusty-coloured, vine, leaves 9—11 pedate ........c.ccsscesesceseeeeseenss A. gardineri

Cobwebby hairs pale or colourless, shrub or occasionally a vine, leaves 3—7 pedate ..............

A. frutescens

1. Ampelocissus acetosa (F. Muell.) Planchon, Vigne Amer. 96 (1885) (Figs. 17).

Cissus acetosa F. Muell., Trans, Phil. Inst. Vict. 3:24 (1859).

Vitis acetosa (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Pl. Vict. 1:94 (1862); Benth. Fl. Austral. 1:449 (1863);

EF. M, Bailey, Qd Flora, 1:282 (1899),

Cayratia acetosa (F, Muell.) Domin, Fedde Repert. 11:264 (1912). Syntypes: North Coast,

Brown (BM, E, K); Victoria River, Mueller (K, MEL); Fitzmaurice River, Mueller (K);

Sweers Island, Henne (BM, K).

Tendrilled vine, mature plants glabrous or sparsely pubescent, hairs simple short,

1—3-celled, spines common on stem. Leaves pedate (5—)7—9(—11) leaflets: central leaflet

obovate-cuneate occasionally narrow to broadly lanceolate, acuminate occasionally obtuse,

(2°8—)7—10(—13) x (0°5—)1—4(—8) cm; lateral leaflets oblique, main laterals (3-4—)4—9(—12) x

(0°5—)2—4(—6) cm. Central petiolule (Q—)0-7—1-3(—2°3) cm long, lateral petiolule (0°5—)1°8—

2°5(—3:6) cm long, petiole (0°-5—)2—3-5(—5-4) cm long, rarely absent, leaflets with up to 19

shallow teeth on each side, margins occasionally tinged with red, lower surface often glaucous.

Leaves usually glabrous at maturity, any remaining hairs are associated with main veins on lower

surface. Stipules triangular, glabrous 2 mm long. Panicle usually with 2—3 primary branches; ten-

dril usually present. Final divisions of the inflorescence either glabrous or somewhat puberulent.

Pedicels terete (0°7—) 1 (—1-5) mm long, glabrous or with minute papillae. Calyx spreading,

5—lobed. Corolla lobes 1°5—2 x 1:2 mm, pale red to purplish red at maturity. Filaments 0:75—1

mm long, flattened, red; anther yellow 0:5 mm long. Disc 10—ridged, ovary 1°3—1°5 x 1-2mm

bearing a short conical style and minute flat or depressed stigma which expands after anthesis into

5 small lobes; locules 2, with 2 anatropous ovules per locule. Berry, ovoid, purplish-black to black,

when dry 9-10 x 6—8 mm, 2—4 boat-shaped seeds per fruit, 7—9 x 3—5 mm. Figs. 1-7.

A, acetosa a

A, frutescens 4

A. gardineri e

Map 1, Distribution of Australian species of Ampelocissus.

Papua New Guinea. WESTERN District: Wassi Kussa River, Tarara, Jan 1937, Brass 8647 (A, BRI, K, L); Daru Island, Apr

1936, Brass 6448 (BRI, L). Australia. Western Australia: Mitchell Plateau, NW Kimberleys, Feb 1979, Kenneally

(PERTH); Carson Escarpment, 29 km ENE Doongan Homestead, NE Kimberleys, Mar 1978, Lazerides 8663 (CANB, K);

Heywood Island, Bonaparte Archipelago, May 1972, Wilson (PERTH); Kununurra, Feb 1951, Gardner (PERTH). Nor-

thern Territory: Banjo Beach, Melville Island, Jan 1966, Stocker (BRI, NT); North Goulburn Island, Cunningham (BM,

E); Maningrida, in 1961, Gressit? 3660 (BRI); Giddy River Area, W of Gove, Jan 1973, Hinz 1281—73 (kK, MBG, NT);

Casuarina, Darwin, Feb 1979, Cousins 64 (DNA, JCT); Stuart Highway ca 48 km S of Darwin, Mar 1963, Lazarides 6833

(CANB, NT); Berry Springs, Apr 1977, Parker 751 (DNA, JCT); Humpty Doo, Feb 1961, McKee 8333 (K, NSW, NT); |

mile [1°6 km] SW Cannon Hill, Feb 1973, Martensz & Shodde AE 665 (BRI, CANB, K, L, NT); Kapalga, Feb 1977, Colfins

221 (CANB, DNA, JCT); Little Nourlangie Rock, Mar 1978, Dunlop 4770(DNA, JCT); | mile {1'6km] E Bamboo Pass Old

Marrakai Rd., Dec 1968, Byrnes 986 (CANB); Hemlple Bay, Groote Eylandt, Apr 1948, Specht (BRI); Sir Edward Pellew

Group, Feb 1973, Craven, 3842 (CANB, NT), Queensland. Cook District: Badu Island, Torres Strait, Dec 1976, Cameron

2575 (QRS); Somerset, Dec 1897, Jardine (BRI); §kmE of Weipa Mission, Dec 1974, Specht & Salt (ART); Lockhart River

Mission Station ca 12 miles (19 km) § of Cape Direction, Apr 1970, Roger (BRI); Aurukun, in 1962, Webb & Tracey 7777

(BRI); Lizard Island, Dec 1974, Specht (BRD; base of Black Mountain, SW of Cooktown, Dec 1965, Rodd 218 (NSW);

Russell River Jan 1910, Domin 6414 (PR).

This species occurs in New Guinea and Northern Australia (Map 1) usually in dry monsoon

forest, frequently growing on lateritic or sandy soils, rarely on heavy clay soils.

The specimens with the largest leaves occur in Western Australia. Leaves on Cape York and

New Guinea specimens tend to have glaucous intercostal regions, margins are tinged with red and

more deeply serrated; the apex Is also more acuminate than in specimens from other areas. Three

trichome types may be found on the leaves particularly when young, at maturity, hairs if present

are usually restricted to the lower epidermis on the midrib and main laterals. These types are: sim-

ple, short 1—3-celled hairs with thickened walls; simple unicellular thin-walled very long and

twisted cobwebby hairs, uncommon at maturity; simple two-armed unicellular hairs with thicken-

ed walls, arms usually equal, these are also uncommon.

A, acetosa is related to A. aculeata (Spanoche) Planchon, which ts found in Timor, but it is

easily distinguished by the inflorescence branches which are glabrous or sparsely puberulent,

whilst the latter has numerous cobwebby hairs. Planchon (1885) considered that the presence of

conical prickles on the stem of A. aculeata also distinguished it from A. acetosa where they are

uncommon. However prickles, when they occur, are often not apparent on young branches and it

is these which are commonly collected.

A, pauciflora Merrill, from the Philippines, is very similar to A. acetosa but no trichomes

were present on those specimens that I examined. Also by comparison with A. acetosa the serra-

tions on the leaflet margins of A. paucifiora are pronounced and the inflorescence bears fewer

flowers. Reports indicate that prickles have not been found on the stem of A. pauciflora.

2. Ampelocissus frutescens B. R. Jackes, species nova affinis A. acetosa (F. Muell.) Planchonet A.

aculeata (Spanoche) Planchon; ab illa pilis multis pallentibus arachnoideis in ramis in-

florescentiae et in foliis praecipue in stipulis bracteisque et habitu plerumque fruticoso, ab

hac foliolis grandioribus praeditis indenturis non profundis pluribus et necnon habitu

fruticoso recedit. Typus: Mt Pleasant, 25 miles [40 km] S of Adelaide River Township, Mar

1964, Lazarides 7021 “common on Tippera clay soil with Eucalyptus oligantha and

Sorghum plumosum. Erect, woody subshrub up to 5 ft. high. Buds reddish. Berries green.

Leaves discolorous, greyish below.” (Holotypus: CANB sub CANB 137814, 137815;

isotypi: BRI sub BRI 239706 K, NT sub NT 30277) (Figs. 8, 9).

Erect shrub to 2 m high, rarely a vine, tendrils infrequent, shoots bearing pale cobwebby

hairs. Leaves pedate (3—-)5(—7) leaflets; central leaflet obovate, cuneate, acuminate to obtuse,

(9—)11-15(-—22°5) x (3°8—)4'5 ~7(-~ 10) cm; lateral leaflets oblique, sometimes imperfectly divid-

ed (7:2--)8°S—12(—15°5) x (3:3—)4—6(—8) cm; central petiolule (0°2—)0°6—1-5(—2:2) cm long,

lateral petiolule (0-4—)1+5—2-5(—5) cm long, petiole (O—)0°2—2(—3-3) cm long, often absent or

much reduced. Leaflets with up to 19 shallow teeth on each side. Leaves when mature with long

pale, thin-walled unicellular hairs resulting in a cobwebby appearance and short | — 3—celled thick-

walled hairs on both surfaces. Very old specimens may be almost glabrous, particularly on the up-

per surface of the leaves. Stipules triangular 3 mm long, covered with long thin-walled unicellular

hairs. Panicle usually has 7~-9 main branches, tendril rarely present on the rachis. All branches

bearing short thick-walled and long thin-walled trichomes, never glabrous. Pedicels terete

(1—)1+5(—2) mm long, sometimes glabrous. Calyx spreading, 5—lobed. Corolla lobes 1:5 « 1:2

mm, red to dark red-brown at maturity. Filaments reddish, flattened 1—1-2 mm long, anthers

yellow 0:5 mm long. Disk usually 5—ridged, ovary 1-5 x 1-2 mm, style short, conical, stigma

minute, locules 2, with 2 anatropous ovules per locule. Berry, ovoid, dark purple to black, when

dry 10—12 x 5—8 mm, 2 boat-shaped seeds per fruit 7°8 x 3-5—4 mm. Fig. 8, 9.

Northern Territory. Nightcliff, Dec 1964, Rodd (NSW); Thoraks’s Reserve, approx. miles [16km]SE of Darwin, Mar 1961,

Chippendale (BRI, NT); Kapalga, Feb 1977, Collins BC277 (DNA, JCT); Arnhem Land, April-June 1928, Basedow 208

{K); Coomalie Creek, Jan 1969, Byrnes NB 1291 (L, NT); 26 miles [42 km] NNW of El Sharana mine, Feb 1973, Lazarides

7849 (CANB, NT, PERTH); 16 miles [26 km] SE of Pine Creek, Mar 1961, Chippendale (CANB, NT); 6 miles

[10 km] N of Katherine, Feb 1961, AfcKee 8523 (CANB, K, NSW, NT); Katherine River, Dec 1886, Giles (MEL); 20 km S of

Katherine, Jul 1978, Jackes (ICT); Hooker Creek, Mar 1960, Walter (NT).

This species has so far only been found in the Northern Territory particularly in the

Katherine/Adelaide River area and around Darwin (Map 1). Soils vary from river alluvium to

granitic soils to soils occurring at the base of limestone outcrops.

The habit of this species appears to be shrubby except when young, or when regrowing after

fire or after damage by a bulldozer. Tendrils are infrequent. The leaflets are usually large, more

than 9 cm long and discolorous. Leaflets are fewer than A. acefosa, average 5 in number and are

often imperfectly divided. This is the only one of the three species in Australia where the length of

the central petiolule and the petiole are similar, in the other two species the petiole is usually at least

twice as long as the central petiolule.

3. Ampelocissus gardineri (Bailey) B. R. Jackes, comb. nov. Based on Vitis gardineri Bailey, Qd

Flora 1:283 (1899). (Fig. 10, 11). Type: Walsh River, Gardiner (BRI 008577, BRI).

Cayratia calcicola Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:925 (1927). Type: Chillagoe, Nov 1910, Domin

6410 (PR).

Tendrilled vine, short conical spines common on the stem, short hairs as well as rusty cobweb-

by hairs present. Leaves pedate 9(—11) leaflets, central leaflet obovate, cuneate to broad

lanceolate, acuminate (5-1—) 8°-5—10°5{—16) x (2-4—)3—5(—7°8) cm; lateral leaflets oblique,

main laterals (5—)7-9(— 13:6) x (1:8—)3—4(—6°2) cm, Central petiolule (1:2—)1:5—2:5—(3°5) cm

long, lateral petiolule (2°2—)3—4(— 5) cm long, petiole (3°5—)5—-7{—9) cm long. Leaflets with upto

11 serrations on each side, both surfaces covered with long rusty cobwebby hairs and simple

1—6-—celled, thick-walled uniseriate hairs. Stipules triangular 3 mm long, some rusty cobwebby

hairs present. Panicle usually with 5-7 main branches, these branches bearing both short and

cobwebby hairs, sometimes almost glabrous or with only one hair type present. Pedicels terete

1:‘5—2 mm long, usually glabrous. Calyx spreading 5--lobed. Corolla 1°5—2 x 1:2 mm, red.

Filaments flattened, pale red 1—1:2 mm long, anthers yellow 0-5 mm long. Disc 5—ridged; ovary

1:2—1°5 x 1:2 mm, style short conical, stigma flat expanding to 5 lobes after anthesis, locules 2,

with 2 anatropous ovules per locule. Berry, ovoid, purple to black, when dry 9 x 8 mm, 2—3 boat-

shaped, reddish seeds per fruit. Fig. 10, 11.

Queensland, Cook Districr: Coen, Dec 1941, Blake 14526 (BRI); Palmer River, May 1899, Roth (BRI); between Chillagoe

and Mungana, Jan 1972, Hyland 5839 (QRS); Chillagoe, Jan 1931, Hubbard & Winders 6745 (K); km E of Pump Creek,

E of Almaden, Mar 1979, Jackes(JCT); 2 miles [3 km] from Mutchilba on Stannary Hills Road, approx 20 miles [33 km] SW

of Mareeba, Jan 1967, Cunningham (BRI).

The distinctive species with its rusty cobwebby hairs occurs only in North Quensland (Map 1)

particularly in the Chillagoe area either in open woodland or deciduous vine thicket. Flowering

usually occurs towards the end of the dry season in November and may continue through till

March.

Acknowledgments

Iam indebted to Mr. L. Pedley of the Queensland Herbarium for the preparation of the Latin

diagnosis. I wish to thank the Directors of all the Australian Herbaria who have lent me or allowed

me access to their collections and to the Directors of the herbaria at Kew, Leiden, British Museum,

Edinburgh, Prague and Missouri who also provided working space. My husband’s collecting and

general assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

References

GALET, P. (1967}, Recherches sur les methodes d’identification et de classification des Vitacecs des zones temperees.

Doctoral thesis. Montpellier.

JACKES, B. R. (1983). Vitaceae. In Morley B. and H. Tolken (cds.} Flowering Plants in Australia. Rigby, Adelaide.

PLANCHON, J.E. (1885). Les vignes des tropiques du genre Ampefocissys, considerees au point de vue pratique, La Vigne

Americaine. 96 (1885), A d June 1982

ecepted June ;

Figs. 1—7, Ampelocissus acetosa. 1. leaf and inflorescence (X J). 2. seedling (x M4), c—cotyledon, h—hypocotyl. 3. bud

(x 5). 4. petal and stamen (x 6).5. transverse section of seed (x 4). e—endosperm, p—perichalaza., 6, seed, dorsal surface

showing position of perichalaza (p} (x 212). 7. seed, ventral surface showing position of raphe (r) (x 214). Figs. 8, 9.

A, frutescens, 8. leaf and inflorescence (x 4). 9. fruit (x 2). Figs. 10,11. A. gardineri, 10. leaf and inflorenscence {x 44).

11. fruit (x 2).

Austrobaileya 2(1) 87 — 102 (1984)

NEW TAXA OF AND NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN ARISTIDA

L. (POACEAE) IN AUSTRALIA

by B. K. Simon

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

Thirteen new species, namely Aristida annua, A. arida, A. australis, A. blakei, A. borealis, A. burbideeae, A. burraensis,

A. granitica, A. kimberleyensis, A. latzii, A. lazaridis, A. lignosa and A. vickeryae are described. Diagnoses are given for

five new varieties, namely A. benthanii Henrard var. spinulifera, A. biglandulosa J. Black var. laevis, A. browniana

Henrard var. fatifolia, A. calycina R.Br. var. filifolia, and A. utilis F. M. Bailey var. grandiflora, and one new subspecies, A.

macroclada Henrard subsp. gueensfandica. A new combination A. gueenslandica Henrard var. dissimilis is made for A.

dissimilis §. T, Blake. A. praealta (Domin) Henrard (including A. armata Henrard) is re-established as A. calycina var.

praealta Domin and A. echinata Henrard and A. personata Henrard are placed in synonymy with A. rantosa R.Br. var.

scaberula Henrard and A. rantosa var. speciosa Henrard. A key to the taxa of Aristida in Australia is given.

The following new Australian species of Aristida have been recognised during my revisional

work on the genus. Acronyms for herbaria are those listed in Index Herbariorum {, ed. 7, (1981).

Aristida annua B. K. Simon, species nova affinis A. /eichhardtianae Domin sed annua, glumis

subequalis et panicula effusiore differt. Typus: Skerman (BRI sub BRI 011772, holotypus).

Caespitose annual to 50 em tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, terete, branched, to 3—noded,

nodes mauve. Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous. Ligule a fringe of hairs to 1 mm long. Leaf blades

smooth and glabrous on the lower surface, thinly pubescent on the upper, flat and wavy to in-

volute, to 15cm x 1:5 mm. Inflorescence an open panicle with the spikelets loosely clustered at the

branch apices, 10-20 x 5— 12cm. Glumes scaberulous, mauve, |—nerved, terminating in an awn

1-—1°5 mm long, the lower 6°5—7°5 mm long, the upper 7—8:5 mm long. Lemma 5°5—6°5 mm

long, scabrous at the apex, convolute, pallid to light mauve, sometimes speckled with mauve pat-

ches; callus ca 0-5 mm long with hairs to 1 mm long. Awns subequal, 8— 12 mm long, scaberulous,

very slender. Fig. 1A.

Queensland, LetcHHARDT District: Gindie, Mar 1958, Skerman in BRI 011772 (BRI), June 1977, Peart 399 (BRI); 8 miles

[13 km] S of Springsure, May 1971, 2. Sinith in BRI 121367 (BRI}.

This appears to be a very localised annual species restricted to the black clay soils of central

Queensland.

Aristida arida B. K. Simon, species nova affinis A. nitidulae (Henrard) S. T, Blake ex J. Black sed

glumis inaequalibus et affinis A. strigosae (Henrard) S. T. Blake ex J. Black sed lemmate

tuberculato non scabroso differt. Typus: Lazarides 5725 (BRI sub BRI 021231, holotypus;

isotypi CANB, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH).

Caespitose perennial to 80 cm tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, terete, to 4—noded, branched at

the lower nodes, nodes dull yellow. Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous. Ligule a fringe of hairs to 0:3

mm long. Leaf blades scaberulous especially on the upper surface, involute with a pointed apex, to

20cm xX 2mm. Inflorescence a spicate panicle 11—40 x 1-3 cm. Glumes smooth, the lower with

a scabrous keel, 1—nerved, terminating in an awn ca | mm long, the lower 6—11 mm long, the

upper 8—13 mm long. Lemma 7—11 mm long, tuberculate towards the apex, convolute, pallid to

pale mauve; callus ca 0-5 mm long with hairs to 1:5 mm long. Awns subequal 11-24 mm long,

scaberulous, flattened. Fig. 1B.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 29. Northern Territory, Centra Norte: Alcoota Station, Jun 1976, Latz 6514 (BRI, CANB,

NSW, NT); | mile [1-6 km] S of Alcoota Station, Sep 1956, Lazarides 5984 (AD, BRI, CANB); 1 7miles [27 km] E of Harts

Range Police Depot, May 1955, Lazarides 5206 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH); Mount Riddoch area, May

1974, Beauglehole 44572 (BRI, NT); Mt Liebig, Jun 1974, Carr 2320 & Beauglehoie (BRI, NSW, NT); 6°5 km NNW of Mt

Zeil, Jul 1968, Beaugiehole 27171 (BRI, CANB, NT}. CentraL Soutu: 9°5 miles [15 km] NNW of Alice Springs, Jun 1958,

Lazarides 5183 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH); 9'2 miles [15 km] N of Alice Springs, Feb 1971, Nelson 2078

(BRI, CANB, NSW, NT); Bitter Springs Gorge, Nov 1954, Chippendale in NT 454 (ADW, BRI, CANB, MEL, NT,

PERTH); 20°5 miles [33 km] SE of Alice Springs, Aug 1956, Lazarides 5725 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH);

Gosse Bluff, Jun 1974, Carr 2214 & Reauglehole (BRI, CANB, NT); 2 miles [3 km] NE of Hermannsburg Mission, May

1955, Lazearides 5312 (AD, BRI, CANB, NT); Finke River, in 1880, Kempe 5 (BRI, MEL); 37 miles [S59 km] SE of Alice

Springs, Santa Teresa road, Nov 1970, Nelson 2035 (BRI, CANB, NSW, NT); Palm Valley, Jul 1965, Beaygiehofe 10361

(BRI, NSW, NT); George Gill Range, Jul 1968, Beaugiehole 26344 (BRI, NT). South Australia: FLinpeRs RANGES: Balca-

noona Station, Apr 1955, Kerr in ADW 12007 (ADW); Oraparima National Park, Oct 1971, Symon 7571 (AD, ADW,

CANB); Arkaroola, May 1979, Jacobs 3627 (BRI, NSW).

The spikelet morphology exhibited by this species is intermediate between that of A. nitidula

and A. strigosa and it may possibly be a hybrid between these species. The tubercles on the lemmas

of A. arida are similar to those found in A. nitidula but in the latter species the glumes are more or

less equal. The scabrid hairs on the lemmas of A. strigosa are longer and thinner than the tubercles

on the lemmas of A. arida.

Aristida australis B, K. Simon, species nova affinis A. strigosae (Henrard) S. T. Blake ex J. Black

et A. aridae B. K. Simon sed lemmate laevi vel scaberulo sparsim differt. Typus: 7: Smith

(AD sub AD 96737133, holotypus; isotypus BRI sub BRI 279005).

Caespitose perennial to 65 cm tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, glaucous, terete, to 4—noded,

many branched at the lower nodes, nodes dark mauve. Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous. Ligule a

fringe of hairs to 0°2 mm long. Leaf blades more or less smooth on both surface, flattened and flex-

uous, to 10cm * 3 mm. Inflorescence a loosely contracted panicle 8—24 x 0-2—0°3 cm. Glumes

smooth, the lower with a scabrous keel, terminating in an awn ca 1 mm long, the lower ca 10 mm

long, 1--3 nerved, the upper ca 13 mm long, 1—nerved. Lemma 9—10 mm long, smooth, con-

volute, pallid with mauve patches to uniformly mauve; callus ca 1 mm long with hairs to 1-8 mm

long. Awns subequal, 14-17 mm long, scaberulous, slender. Fig. 1C.

South Australia: LAKE Eyre Basin; 1887, Newland 159 (MEL), Feinpers Rances: Between Paralana and Wooltana, Aug

1968, Whibley 2619 (A, AD); 26 km S of Balcanoona, Sep 1973, Whibley 4106 (AD, CANB), SouTHERN Lorry: Adelaide

Plains, near Queenstown, May 1967, 7. Smith in AD 96737133 (AD, BRI); Royal Park, Feb 1968, 7. Sarith 1548 (AD).

The lemmas of the five specimens of this species collected thus far are completely smooth or

very sparsely scaberulous. This feature distinguishes the species from a group of related species

with tuberculate lemmas (A, nitidula, A. arida and A. strigosa). Other species with smooth to

scaberulous lemmas related to A. australis are A. latziiand A. burraensis, while A. burbidgeae has

the lemma smooth except for a marginal band of spines.

Aristida blakei B. K. Simon, species nova affinis A. aridae B. K. Simon, A. nitidulae(Henrard)

S. T. Blake ex J. Black et A. platychaetae S. T. Blake sed panicula effusiore, basibus

aristarum augustioribus, et affinis A. muricatae Henrard sed lemmate convoluta differt.

Typus: Blake 11000 (BRI sub BRI 254115, holotypus; isotypi AD, CANB, K, L, MEL,

MO, NSW, NT, PERTH, PRE).

Caespitose perennial to 90 cm tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, terete, usually branched at the

lower nodes, to S~noded, nodes brown to purple. Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous. Ligule a fringe

of hairs to 0:5 mm long and a few marginal to 1 mm long. Leaf blades scaberulous, only slightly so

on the lower surface and distinctly so on the upper surface, flexuous, involute, to20cm x 1:5 mm.

Inflorescence a narrow open panicle 10—34 x 4°5—7°5 cm. Glumes smooth, slightly scabrous on

the keels, 1—nerved, acuminatae or with a short awn to 1 mm long, the lower 8—14 mm long, the

upper 9—15 mm long. Lemma 8-12 mm long, convolute, distinctly tuberculate in the upper half,

pallid to pale mauve In colour, callus 0:8— 1-0 mm long with hairs to 1:5 mm long. Awns subequal,

16—28 mm long, scaberulous, slender. Fig. 1D.

Queensland. Burke District: 9 miles [14 km] N of Jardine Valley Homestead, Apr 1979, Lazerides 4531 (CANB). Nort

KENNEDY Districy: Pentland, Jun 1934, Blake 6167 (AD, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH). Leichmaror

District: Guluguba, Mar 1942, Crook in BRI 178972 (BRI). Grucory Nortu District: Warenda Station, Jan 1937, Everist

é& Smith 119 (BRI); Mayne River between Tonkoro and Winton, May 1979, Purdie 1507 (BRI). Warreco District:

Morven, Apr 1936, Blake 1100 (AD, BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL, MO, NSW, NT, PERTH, PRE): 6km NW of Gowrie, Jul

1977, Purdie 590 E (BRI). Maranoa District “Chelmer”, 58 km SE of St George, Jan 1979, Gordon 16 (BRI). DaRLina

Downs Disrricr: near Gurujmundi, Nov 1930, Hubbard 5057 (BRI, K). New South Wales: NorrH WESTERN PLAINS:

Boggabilla, Jan 1935, Winders in BRI 179005 (BRI). NortH Far WESTERN Plains: Milparinka, May 1977, Jacobs 3068

(AD, BRI, NSW); in 1887, King in MEL 94586 (MEL). Without Locality. Deane NSW 144380 (NSW).

This species occurs on both clay and sandy soils over a wide range of Queensland and northern

New South Wales, although it has not often been collected. It differs from A. arida, A. nitidula and

A, platychaeta by its more open inflorescence and by the awns being more slender at their bases and

from A. muricata Henrard by the possession of convolute lemmas. It is named in honour of the late

Dr S. T. Blake, well-known for his work on Australian grasses, who collected the type specimen.

Aristida borealis B. K. Simon, species nova afinis A. calycinae R.Br. sed glumis longioribus et

glumis infernis trinervibus et affinis A. /azaridi B. K. Simon sed marginibus lemmatis non

protrusis a latere, panicula contractiore differt. Typus: Simon 3450 (BRI, sub BRI 254712,

holotypus; isotypi CANB, K, NT).

Caespitose perennial to 1 m tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, glaucous, terete, branched at the

base, to 3—noded, nodes mauve. Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous. Ligule a fringe of short hairs to

0'2mm long. Leaf blades flexuous and involute above to flat and curling up at maturity below, very

slightly scaberulous on the upper surface, to 20cm x 2 mm. Inflorescence a contracted to open

panicle 16—44 x 0°5—4cm. Glumes subequal to slightly inverted, glabrous, smooth, acuminate to

shortly awned. Lower glume 3—4—nerved, 10°5—15 mm long; upper glume |—nerved, 10°5—16

mm long. Lemma 9:5—12 mm long, involute, smooth, pallid with a few scattered mauve patches;

callus ca 1 mm long with hairs to 1:5 mm long. Awns slender, scaberulous, the central longer than

the laterals by 4-9 mm, the central 24—32 mm, the laterals 21-26 mm. Fig. 1E.

Queensland, Cook Disrricr: Almaden, Aug 1936, Blake 12430 (BRI, CANB, K, Lj; McLeod River crossing, Mar 1978,

Anning 267 (BRI, QRS); Lappa Junction, Jan 1931, Hubbard in BRI 243833 (BRI, K); Desailly Range, Jan 1971, Hyland

5157 (BRI, QRS); Forest Home Station, Mar 1931, Brass 1850 (BRI), North Kennepy District: Lolworth Creek, 30 km

NW of Charters Towers, Apr 1978, Sinton 3450 (BRI, CANB, K, NT).

This species occurs in north Queensland only on sandy soils and ridges. In this it differs from

A, lazaridis which is restricted to cracking clays and loams. Furthermore the inflorescence is not as

open as in A, /azaridis and the lemmas are strictly involute. It differs from A. ca/ycina by having

longer glumes of which the lower is 3—4—nerved.

Aristida burbidgeae B. K. Simon, species nova affinis A. nitidulae (Henrard) S. T. Blake ex

J. Black et A. /atzii B. K. Simon sed lemmate laevi praeter seriem spinarum ad marginem

differt. Typus: Burbidge 1111 (PERTH, holotypus et isotypus).

A. pruinosa Domin var. tenuis Gardner, Fl. W. Aust. 1(1): 168 (1952), nomen nud.

Caespitose perennial to 45 cm tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, branched at the base, to

3--noded, nodes pallid. Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous. Ligule a fringe of hairs to 0-4 mm long.

Leaf blades flexuous, involute, to 10cm x 1 mm. Inflorescence a spicate panicle, 8—17 x 0°5-1

cm. Glumes smooth to very lightly scaberulous, acute, 1~nerved, the lower ca 0-8 mm long, the

upper ca0'9 mm long. Lemma ca 8 mm long, convolute, uniformly pallid or pallid with mauve pat-

ches, with a band of spines 2—4 rows wide running the length of the lemma directly adjacent to the

overlapping margin; callus ca 0-6 mm long with hairs to 1-5 mm long. Awns subequal, the central

to 13 mm long, the laterals to 11 mm long, slender. Fig. 1F.

Western Australia. ASHBURTON District: Barlee Range, Henry River, Aug 1961, Royce 6604 (PERTH). FoRTESCUE

District: Kitty’s Gap, E from Eginbah, Jun 1941, Burbridge 980 (PERTH); Cocya Pooya, Mar 1976, R. Black (CANB,

PERTH); Mount Edgar, SE from Marble Bar, Jun 1941, Burbidge 1111 (PERTH).

This species is very similar to A. /atzif and occupies similar rocky habitats, although is found

only in the Hamersley and Barlee Ranges of Western Australia. It differs morphologically from A.

latzii by the distinctive marginal band of spines running the length of the otherwise smooth lemma.

It is named in honour of the late Dr Nancy Burbidge, the well known Australian botanist, who col-

lected the type and another of the cited specimens.

Aristida burraensis B. K. Simon, species nova affinis A. nitidulae (Henrard) S. T. Blake ex J. Black

sed lemmate laevi, affinis A. /atzii B. K. Simon sed aristis non complanatis, lemmate

breviore et affinis A. benthamii Henrard sed lemmate convoluto differt. Typus: Chapman

1314 (BRI sub BRI 238092, holotypus; isotypi, CANB, K, L).

Caespitose perennial to 80cm tall. Culms scaberulous, glabrous, terete, solitary, to 3—noded,

nodes brown, Leaf sheaths slightly scaberulous. Ligule a fringe of hairs to 0-4 mm long. Leaf

blades involute, rigid with a sharply pointed apex, distinctly scaberulous, to 14cm x 1 mm, Leaves

mostly arranged at the base of the culm. Inflorescence a loosely interrupted spicate panicle,

16—28 x 2cm. Glumes sub-equal 6°5—8 mm long, 1—nerved, acute, the lower scaberulous with a

scabrous keel, the upper +smooth. Lemma smooth, convolute, ca 6 mm long, pale mauve with

darker mauve patches; callus ca 0-6 mm long with hairs to 1-5 mm long. Awns sub-equal, to 10mm

long, slender and scaberulous. Fig. 1G.

Fig. 1. A. Aristida annua, Al, habit (x %4); A2, glumes (x 4); A3, lemma (x 4). B. Aristide erida. Bi, glumes (x 4);

B2, lemma (x 4); B3, lemma (x 2); B4, tubercles on lemma(x 16). C. Aristida australis, C1, glumes (x 4); C2, lemma (x 4);

C3, lemma (x 2). D. Aristida biekei. D1, glumes (x 4); D2, lemma (x 4); D3, lemma (x 2). E. Aristida borealis. El, glumes

(x 4); E2, lemma (x 4); F. Aristida burbidgeae, F1, glumes (x 4); F2, lemma (x 4); F3, lemma margin showing spines (x 16).

G. Aristida burraensis. G1, glumes (x 4); lemma (x 4); lemma (x 2). All drawn from type specimens.

eal

Queensland. NoRTH KENNEDY DistRIcT: Burra Range, Jul 1975, Chapnian 1314 (BRI, CANB, K, L),

This species is known only from the type specimen. It was originally thought of asa formof A.

nitidula with a smooth lemma but because of the diagnostic importance I place in this attribute, I

have treated it as being distinct. Also its geographic remoteness from A. nitidula together witha

spikelet possession more slender awns than that species warrants its treatment as a new species. It

differs from A. /atzii by having a shorter lemma and more slender awns and it has a superficial

resemblance to A. benthamii but in that species the lemma has involute margins.

Aristida granitica B. K. Simon, species nova affinis A. hirtae Dominet A. superpendenti Domin

sed aristis lateralibus tenuioribus multis et dimidi longitudinem brevioribus quam arista

centrali differt. Typus: Simon 3423 (BRI sub BRI 257519, holotypus).

Caespitose perennial to 75cm tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, slightly laterally compressed, oc-

casionally branched, largely concealed at the base by leaf sheaths which are smooth and glabrous.

Ligule a fringe of hairs to 0:3 mm long and auricles with acluster of longer hairs to 2mm long. Leaf

blades involute, flexuous, smooth, to 20cm x 1-5 mm. Inflorescence a contracted panicle, to 30 x

2 cm. Glumes unequal, the lower 7—8 mm long and 3—nerved, the upper 12—13 mm long and

1—nerved, smooth, very slightly scaberulous on the keels, drawn out towards the apex although

abruptly contracted at the tip. Lemma 8—9mm long, slightly scabrousin the upper portion, pallid;

callus ca 0°6 mm long with hairs to 1-5 mm long. Articulation indistinct. Colum twisted, 12—14

mm long. Awns very unequal, the central up to 22 mm long and thicker than the laterals which are

ca 11mm long, slightly scabrous and coiled round each other at the base. Fig. 2A.

Queensland. NorTH Kennepy District: Mt Pring, 10 km W of Bowen, Apr 1978, Simon 3423 (BRI).

This is a very distinctive species so far found only in the granite sand of the foothills of Mt

Pring, east of Bowen. It belongs to the section Arthratherum although the articulation of the lem-

ma is rather indistinct asin A. Hirta and A. superpendens, but the lateral awns are much thinner and

shorter than the central awn compared to those of these species.

Aristida kimberleyensis B. K. Simon, species nova affinis A. sciuroidi Domin sed lemmatibus con-

volutis, sine pseudoarticulo, glumis inferis trinervis et affinis A. schultzii Mez sed sine col-

umna differt. Typus: Lazarides 8660 (CANB sub CANB 283118, holotypus).

Caespitose sprawling perennial to | m tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, terete, ca 6-noded with

2—3 branches from each node. Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous. Ligule a fringe of hairs to 0°3 mm

long. Leaf blades smooth and glabrous on the lower surface, scaberulous on the upper, flat to in-

volute, to 20 cm x 2 mm. Inflorescence an interrupted spicate panicle 20-40 x 1—2 cm. Glumes

smooth, terminating in an awn 1—2 mm long, the lower 3—nerved, 12—16 mm long, the upper

1~—nerved, 10—12:'5 mm long. Lemma 9—14 mm long, smooth to slightly scabrous at the apex,

convolute, pallid; callus ca 0:6 mm long with hairs to 0°5 mm long. Awns 20--25 mm long, the side

awns ca 2mm shorter than the central, scaberulous, very slender.

Wesiern Australia. GARDNER District: Gibb River, Jan 1951, Gardner 9918 (PERTH); Carson Escarpment, 29 km ENE of

Doongan, Mar 1978. Lazarides 8660 (CANB).

This species has so far only been collected from the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It

has a characteristic sprawling habit. Its spikelets are similar to those of A. schultzii except that they

lack a twisted lemma column and to those of A. sciuroides except that the lemma is convolute, it

has no pseudo-articulation and the lower glume is 3—nerved.

Aristida latzii B. K. Simon, species nova affiis A. nitidulae (Henrard) S. T. Blake ex J. Black sed

lemmate laevi, foliis rigidioribus et affinis A. burraensi B. K. Simon sed aristis com-

planatis, lemmate longiore differt. Typus: Latz 4136B (BRI sub BRI 238482, holotypus;

isotypi AD, CANB, NT).

Caespitose perennial to 90 cm tall, with many rigid filiform leaf blades clustered together in

the lower portion giving the plant a distinctive appearance. Culms scaberulous, glabrous, terete,

with many branches particularly at the base, nodes concealed by the leaf sheaths which are

scaberulous and glabrous. Ligule a fringe of hairs to 0:2 mm long. Leaf blades involute and stiff,

ending in a rigid point, to 20cm x 1 mm. Inflorescence a spicate panicle, 1O—37 x 1 cm. Glumes

smooth, 1—nerved, acuminate, the lower 6-9 mm long, the upper 7—10 mm long. Lemma 7—9

mm long, convolute, smooth to very finely scaberulous, pallid to pale mauve with scattered darker

mauve patches; callus ca 0°-4 mm long with hairs to 1:2 mm long. Awns sub-equal, 6-15 mm long,

scabrous, flattened. Fig. 2B.

Northern Territory. CENTRAL NORTHERN: 5 miles [8 km] W of Mt Riddock Homestead, Sep 1955, Burbidge & Gray 4496

(CANB); 15 miles [24 km] NNW of Indiana homestead, Jan 1971, Latz 1129 (BRI, CANB, NT); Mt Riddoch, Sep 1973,

Latz 4136B (AD, BRI, CANB, NT). CENTRAL SOUTHERN: Mt Benstead, Jan 1972, Latz 1943 (BRI, CANB, NT); Ormiston

Gorge, May 1956, CAippenda/e in NT 2102 (BRI, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH); Valley of the Eagles, 35 miles [56 km] ENE of

Alice Springs, Oct 1966, Beaugiehoie 20669 (BRI, NSW, NT); Heavitree Range, Alice Springs, Mar 1971, Lafz 1310 (NT),

Jun 1971, Nefson 2121 (CANB); 15kmSE of Alice Springs, Jun 1976, Craven 4305 (CANB); Honeymoon Gap, 15 km WSW

of Alice Springs, Mar 1980, Simon 3612 & Latz (AD, BRI, CANB, K, NSW, NT); Palm Valley, Aug 1956, Chippendale in

NT 2698 (AD, BRI, NT), Jul 1965, Beauglehole 10355 (BRI, NSW, NT); Bloods Range, Apr 1972, Latz 2382 (CANB, NT}.

This distinctive species with rigid culms and long rigid filiform leaf-blades clustered together

is restricted to the Macdonnell and Harts Ranges of Central Australia where it occurs on rocky

platforms of quartzite ridges. It is similar to, and often associated with, A. nitidul/a but that species

always has tubercled lemmas and is ecologically associataed more with limestone areas of the

ranges (P. Latz, pers. comm.). This species is named in honour of Mr Peter Latz, known for his

prolific good collecticns of grasses and sedges from the Northern Territory, who gave me hospitali-

ty during my visit to Alice Springs in 1980 and showed me A. /atzii in the field.

Aristida lazaridis B. K, Simon, species nova affinis A. /eptopodae Benth. sed lemmatibus in-

volutis, glumis longitudine plus aequalibus et affinis A. boreali B. K,. Simon sed marginibus

lemmatis protrusis alatere, panicula effusiore differt. Typus: Lazarides 4807 (BRI sub BRI

178996, holotypus; isotypi, AD, CANB, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH).

Caespitose perennial to 1:4 m tall. Culm woody, terete, glaucous, branched throughout its

length, to 6--noded, nodes mauve. Leaf sheaths smooth, glaucous, glabrous. Ligule a fringe of

hairs to 0°3 mm long, with hairs to 1 mm at the auricles and forming a band round the collar. Leaf

blades flat and flexuouse, scaberulous, more so on the lower surface, to 20 cm x 3 mm. In-

florescence a very open panicle with branches and pedicels naked for up to 8 cm, 10-45 x 5~—20

cm. Glumes 9-19 mm long, the lower slightly longer than or subequal to the upper, smooth or the

lower glume with a scabrous keel, acuminate to shortly awned, the lower 1—sub—3-~—nerved, the

upper 1--nerved. Lemma 7—12 mm long, involute with one margin usually protruding laterally

and giving it a convolute appearance, pallid with scattered mauve patches; callus ca 0°6 mm long

with hairs to 2mm long. Awns unequal, the laterals 10—31 mm long, the central 13-37 mm long,

flattened at the base but terete apically, scaberulous. Fig. 2C.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED; 37, Queensland, Grecory Nortu District: 20 miles [32 km] NNW of Duchess, Aug 1954,

Lazarides 4807 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH), Mircue.t District; Prairie, Feb 1931, Hubbard 7018 &

Winders (BRI, K). Burke District: 20 miles [32 km] NE of Richmond, Jun 1954, Lazarides 4508 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL,

NT, PERTH); Galah Gorge, 25 miles [40 km] N of Hughenden, Jun 1953, Lazarides 3523 (AD, BRI, CANB, NSW, NT,

PERTH); 7 miles [11 km] S of Mt Isa, Mar 1954, Lazarides 4378 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH);

Hughenden, Apr 1935, Blake 8457 (BRI, CANB, K, NT). NortH Kennepy District: 7 miles [1] km] N of Conjuboy, Feb

1954, Lazarides 4195 (BRI, CANB, NT); Blue Range SW of Ingham, Jul 1954, Biake 19439 [BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW];

10 miles [16km] Eof Nulla Nulla [cg 110 km WNW of Charters Towers], Jul 1954, Lazarides 4615 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL,

NSW, NT, PERTH); 16 km from Charters Towers on road to The Lynd, Apr 1978, Simon 3448 (BRI, CANB, K, MO).

SOUTH KENNEDY District: Broken River Range, Apr 1978, Simon 3290 (BRI, CANB, K); 13 miles [21 km] E of Pasha Sta-

tion, Jul 1964, Adams 1077 (BRI, CANB). LeicHHARDT District: Comet, Feb 1931, Hubbard 7973 (BRI, K). Port Curtis

District: near Stanage Bay, Apr 1945, Blake 15634 & Webb (BRI, CANB); Rockhampton, Feb 1931, Hubbard 8056a (BRI,

K), Mar 1935, Blake 7812 (AD, BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH). Burnett District: Gayndah, Apr 1966, Everist

in BRI 62753 (BRI); Brian Pastures, Mar 1952, Blake 18901 (BRi, CANB, MEL, NSW). Dar.inc Downs District: In 1894,

Mol iO (MEL). Northern Territory, DARWINAND GULF: Cox River Station, Jan 1978, Lafz7254 (BRI, CANB, DNA, NSW,

NT). Western Australia. GARDNER District: Barnett River Gorge, Jun 1976, Beauglehole 52460A (CANB),

This species is fairly widespread in tropical Queensland and extends to tropical parts of this

state as well as to the Northern Territory and Western Australia (one specimen each). It has been

mistakenly identified as A. calycina var. praealta but a close examination of the type of that name

showed it to bea different entity. A. /azaridis is characterised by its very open inflorescence similar

to that in A. /eptopeda Benth. but it differs from that species by the possession of involute lemmas

which usually appear convolute due to a lateral protrusion of one lemma margin from the furrow

and by the possession of glumes which do not differ so greatly from one another in length.

Ecologically it differs from A. /eptopoda by growing on sandy to loamy soils as opposed to crack-

ing clays in the latter. The species is named in honour of Mr Mike Lazarides who collected the type

specimen and much of the cited material and whose work on Aristida (Lazarides, 1980) has been a

useful source of information for my own studies.

Aristida lignosa B. K. Simon, species nova affinis A. ramosae R.Br. sed lemmate longiore, glumis

et culmis robustioribus differt. Typus: Simon 3339 (BRI sub BRI 264061 holotypus;

isotypi, CANB, K).

Very robust caespitose perennial to 2 m tall with sturdy woody culms, many-branched at the

nodes, with swollen bases and thick sturdy roots. Culms terete, glabrous and smooth, up to

4—noded, nodes purple, branches increasing in number (up to 10) towards the top of the culm.

—

eee to

ai ane a

aes tea

——e rE,

{x 4),

(x 4);

Lop

ave

Atad

“fc

ree

—_—

eat &

aoe

Rm «

~ Be

, lem

».D

Oxy

t+ =m .

xis

~EBo

of 2

ao ty

BGs

x 4

‘sD

wae

aqee

Eh O

wor

rT ec

SU 2

on 4

Ses]

Fig. 2. A. Aristidg

C. Aristida fazarid,

lemma (x 4). All

Leaf sheaths smooth and glabrous. Ligule a fringe of hairs to 0:2 mm long. Leaf blades flat or in-

volute, stiff to flexuose, to 30 cm x 4 mm. Inflorescence a contracted to open panicle 7—30 x

0-5—5 cm. Glumes acuminate to shortly awned, 1—nerved, scaberulous, the lower 5—8 mm long,

surface. Callus to 1 mm long with hairs to 1:5 mm long. Awns subequal, slender, the laterals 11—20

mm long, the central 14—23 mm long. Fig. 2D.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 28. Queensland. Maranoa District: Ooline, Oct 1948, Everist 3537 (BRI, CANB). SoutH

KENNEDY District; Hazelwood Creek, W of Eungella Dam, Apr 1978, Simon 3339 (BRI, CANB, K). LEICHHARDT District:

between Lancewood and Tallwood, Sep 1978, Anderson 591 (BR1); Broadsound Shire, 6kmE of Langley station, Oct 1978,

Anderson 595 (BRI); 6km SE of Emerald, Godwin E511 (BRI); 8 miles [13 km] E of Comet, Sep 1961, Lazarides & Story 131

(BRI, CANB, NSW); 7 miles [11 km] W of Bauhinia Downs, Aug 1962, Johnson 2457 (BRI); 17 miles [27 km] N of

Rolieston, Sep 1962, Story & Yapp 224 (BRI, CANB, NSW); Brigalow Research Station, NW of Theodore, Apr 1963,

Johnson 2651 (BRI); Isla Gorge, Aug 1973, Sharpe & Hockings 519 (BRI); Carnarvon Range, Jun 1977, Crips & Ellyard

3025 (BRI, CBG). Port Curtis District: Gogango, May 1956, Blake 19977 (BRI). Burnett District: Nanango, Feb 1917,

Grove in BR1 18446 (BRI). Wipe Bay District: Kin Kin, Francis in BRI 178629 (BRI). DarLinc Downs District: Lapunyah,

Jul 1958, Johnson 513 (BRI, CANB). Moreton District: Cunningham Gap, Jan 1914, Boorman 448 (NSW); Flinders

Peak, Jun 1935, Fverist 1179 (BRI); Mount Edwards, Apr 1934, Everist 581 (BRI); between Teviotville and Anthony, Nov

1930, Hubbard 5367 (BRI, K). New South Wales. NortH Coast: Sunday Creek, Upper Macleay R., Jan 1941, Davis 50

(NSW). NorTHERN TABLELANDS: Acacia Creek, Jan 1910, Dunn NSW 144385 (NSW).

This is a tall robust woody perennial with a characteristic pattern of rigid fastigiate branching

and a scabrous-tuberculate indumentum on the lemma. It is fairly widespread in central

Queensland and spreads as far south as Wingham, New South Wales, occurring on arangeof soils.

It has been confused with A. ramosa R.Br.

Aristida vickeryae B. K. Simon species nova, affinis A, ramosae R.Br. sed glumis longioribus, lem-

mate breviore quam glumam superum, interdum aequans glumam inferam differt. Typus:

Vickery in NSW 144387 (NSW holotypus; isotypus BRI).

Caespitose perennial to 45 cm tall. Culms smooth, glabrous, terete 2—4— noded with 2-3

branches from each node, Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous. Ligule a fringe of hairs 0°-3—0°7 mm

long, with longer hairs to 2 mm long at the auricles. Leaf blades convolute, filiform, scabrous

especially on the upper surface, flexuose on drying, 4—16 cm x ca0°5 mm. Inflorescence an open

panicle about three times longer than wide, 12—15 x 3—5 cm. Glumes smooth, cuspidate,

] -nerved, scaberulous on the keel, purplish, the lower 8— 10mm long, the upper 12—13 mm long.

Lemma ca 10 mm long, smooth to slightly scaberulous at the apex, convolute (rarely involute),

pallid; callus ca 1:2 mm long, with hairs 1:2 mm long. Awns 33-37 mm long, the side awns 3—4

mm shorter than the central, scaberulous, very slender. Anthers 3, ca 2mm long.

New South Wales. SourH FAR WESTERN PLAINS: between Euston and Gol Gol, Oct 1949, Vickery in NSW 144387 (NSW,

BRI).

This species, thus far only represented by the type, has affinities with A. ramosa, differing

from that species by its larger glumes. Also the lemma is shorter than the upper glume whereas in

A. ramosa it is either the same length or longer. It also appears to be close to what appear to be

hybrid populations between A. ramosa var. ramosa and A. jerichoensis var. jerichoensis in New

South Wales. However, as the glumes are longer than in this intermediate poplation and do not

have the lemma protruding beyond them I have decided on specific rank for this taxon.

Biosystematic study is required in this and other groups of Australian Aristida species in order to

understand the operating principles of variation and at what taxonomic level this variaton should

be recognised.

There are also six new infra-specific taxa of Australian Aristida species that require formal

recognition.

Aristida benthamii Henrard var. spinulifera B. K. Simon, varietas nova varietate typica cum tuber-

culis marginibus in sulco lemmatis differt. Typus: Simon 2543 & Andrews (BRI sub BRI

227406 holotypus; isotypi CANB, NSW, NT).

Queensland. LercHHarpt District: Blackdown Tableland, Oct 1971, Blaxe/i 937 (BRI, NSW). Wipe Bay District: Tor-

banlea, May 1975, Simon 2543 & Andrews (BRI, CANB, NSW, NT). Moreton District: Between Mooloolah and

Maroochydore, Apr 1916, C. White in QH4060 (BRI); 4°5 km NE of Tangalooma, Moreton Island, Mar 1973, Durrington

365 (BRI}.

This variety is similar to the type variety in all respects other than the presence of tubercles in

the lemma furrow. Lazarides (1980) recognised this variation within his concept of the species as a

whole but I feel taxonomic recognition of the form with tubercled furrows is warranted in the same

manner as the pairs var. ca/ycina and var. praealta of A. calycina, and var. jerichoensis and var.

subspinulifera of A. jerichoensis. The nature of this variation will only be understood with

biosystematic study,

Aristida biglandulosa J. Black var. laevis B. K. Simon, varietas nova varietate typica sine tuber-

culis in sulco lemmatis differt. Typus: Latz 3164 (BRI sub BRI 143854 holotypus; isotypi

AD, NSW, NT, PERTH). Fig. 3C.

Northern Territory, CENTRAL NORTHERN: Mount Riddock Station, Aug 1972, Latz 3164 (AD, BRI, NSW, NT, PERTH).

CENTRAL SOUTHERN: Aug 1956, Cleland in AD 966060360 (AD). Queensland. Burke District: Spring Creek, 26 km N of Mt

Isa, Jun 1977, Scheid 217 (BRI). Warreco Disrricr: Charleville, Jul 1970, Rowen Pl (BRI).

This variety is similar to the type variety as described by Black (1933) in all respects except for

the absence of tubercles in the furrow of the lemma. Lazarides (1980) included material with

smooth furrows within his species concept of A. biglandulosa but I feel this variant is worthy of

formal recognition in the same way as similar variants of A. calycina, A. benthamii and A.

jerichoensis. It has been collected from a few localities in arid parts of the Northern Territory and

Queensland, all geographically remote.from each other.

Aristida browniana Henrard var. latifolia B. K. Simon, varietas nova varietate typica foliis

latioribus multis differt. Typus: Latz 2811 (BRI sub BRI 238486, holotypus; isotypi

CANB, DNA, NT). Fig. 3A.

Northern Territory, DARWIN AND GULF: Howard Springs Forest Reserve, Apr 1965, Stocker in NT 11842 (DNA, NT);

Goyder River Crossing, Jun 1972, Latz281] (BRI, CANB, DNA, NT). Vicroria River: 63 miles [101 km] ESE of Cariton

River Station (W.A.), Jul 1955, Lazarides 2994 (AD, BRI, CANB). Western Australia. Dampier District: Edgar Ranges,

Aug 1976, Kenneally 5747 (CANB, PERTH); Anna Plains Station, Jul 1941, Burbidge 1397 (PERTH).

This variety with its wide flattened leaf-blades (2—4 mm wide) which curl up at maturity is so

strikingly different from the typical form of Aristida browniana with narrow involute leaf-blades

(0°S—1 mm wide) that it warrants formal recognition. Thus far it has been found ina few localities

in tropical Northern Territory and tropical Western Australia.

Aristida calycina R.Br. var. filifolia B. K. Simon, varietas nova varietate typica foliis exorientibus

e basi maximam partem, laminis filiformibus rigidis convolutis differt. Typus: Lazarides

4683 (CANB sub CANB 283116 et CANB 283117, holotypus).

Queensland. Coox District: Newcastle Range, 15 miles [24 km] SSE of Einasleigh, Jul 1954, Lazarides 4683 (CANB).

This variety is characterised by its rigid, filiform convolute leaves which are borne mostly

from the base of the plant. It is so different vegetatively from what one normally encounters in this

species that recognition at the rank of variety seems appropriate. Unfortunately there is not much

fertile material in the type specimen, the only collection to date.

Aristida utilis Bailey var. grandiflora B, K. Simon, varietas nova varietate typica lemmatibus,

glumiset aristis longioribus differt. Typus: Morton 1653 (BRI sub BRI 285806, holotypus).

Queensland. Cook District: Andoom, Apr 1982, Morton 1653 (BRD.

This variety is similar in most respects to the type variety other than all the spikelet com-

ponents are at least 25 percent larger. The whole plant is also much more robust and the leaf blades

noticeably wider. Thus far it is only represented by the type.

Aristida macroclada Henrard subsp. queenslandica B. K. Simon, subspecies nova subspecie typica

columna lemmatis spiris multis differt. Typus: S. 7: Blake 21741 (BRI sub BRI 065923

holotypus; isotypi BRI sub BRI 207306, CANB, MEL, NSW). Fig. 3B.

Queensland. Cook District: Iron Range, Apr 1944, Fleckerin N. QO. Nat. Club 8529 (BRI, NSW, QRS); Daintree River, Mar

1932, Brass 2318 (BRI); Stoney Creek Falls near Cairns, May 1962, Blake 21741 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); Pine Creek

near Cairns, Aug 1962, Bigke 12410 (BRI); Cowley Beach, Jun 1976, Tracey in BRI 238957 (BRI). NortH KENNEDY

District: 10 miles [16km] 5S of Tully, Apr 1945, Blake 15803 & Webb (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); Hinchinbrook Island, NE

slopes of Mt Diamantina, Aug 1951, Biake 18844 (BRI); Hinchinbrook Is., Litthe Ramsay Bay, Aug 1975, Sharpe 1709

(BRI); Mt Spec, Mar 1933, C, White 8917 (BRD); Little Crystal Creek National Park, May 1975, Simo 2626 & Andrews

(BRI, CANB, K, L, NT}; Homestead, Jun 1934, Bjake 6025 (BRI, CANB, K, L).

Lazarides (1980), after his description of A. macrociada in which he referred to the lemma col-

umn “of 1--many spirals”, mentioned the lemma columns in the Northern Territory plants to “have

poorly developed columns of | or 2 spirals.” This statement contrasts with the observations of

Blake (1969) who referred to a “well developed column.” Examination of the type of A.

macroclada, which came from the Northern Territory, revealed this specimen also has a poorly

developed lemma column with | --2 spirals, so I have recognised the residual Queensland material

with a well developed column as taxonomically distinct. As the two entities differ only by the

degree of development of the column and are allopatric (one in north Queensland and the other in

the north of the Northern Territory, a recently collected specimen from the west coast of Cape York

and in New Guinea) the subspecific rank has been chosen for their formal recognition.

Other nomenclatural changes in Aristida include the placing of four taxa previously recognis-

ed as species at varietal rank resulting in one new combination and three new synonyms.

Aristida queenslandica Henrard var. dissimilis (S. T. Blake) B. K. Simon, comb. et stat. nov.

Aristida dissimilis S. T. Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. QId 51:170, t.4, figs 4—7 (1940).

The only character distinguishing this taxon from.A. gueens/andica var. queenslandica is the

glabrous lower culm, The other distinguishing features mentioned by Lazarides (1980) do not hold

from the range of specimens I have studied and I therefore consider varietal rank the best one for

the taxonomic recognition of these entities.

Aristida calycina R.Br. var. praealta Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 85:345 (1915).

A praealta (Domin) Henrard, Meded. Rijks Herb. 54:72 (1926).

A, armata Henrard, Meded. Rijks Herb. 58A:1975, t. 87, (1932), op. cit. 55C:703 (1933),

synon. nov.

When studying material previously placed under A. praea/ta I noticed that the lemma of the

type specimen of this name has a tubercled furrow exactly as in the lemma of the species previously

called A. armata. The bulk of the remainder of the material was a new species (named A. /azaridis

in this paper). The only critical difference between A. armata and A. calycina is the tuberculate vs.

non-tuberculate lemma furrow and I have decided it best to represent this variant at varietal rank,

where is was originally placed by Domin.

Aristida ramosa R.Br. var. scaberula Henrard, Meded. Rijks Herb. 58A:260 (1932), op. cit.

54C:736 (1933).

Aristida echinata Henrard, Meded. Rijks Herb, 58A:285, t. 139 (1932), op. cit. 54C:713

(1933), synon. nov.

Aristida ramosa R.Br. var. speciosa Henrard, Meded. Rijks Herb. 58A:260 (1932), op. cit.

54C:737 (1933).

Aristida personata Henrard, Meded. Rijks Herb, 58A:290, t. 141 (1932), op. cit. 54C:731

(1933), synon. nov.

Examination of the types of A. echinata and A. personata revealed them to be the same taxa

as A. ramosa vat. scaberula and A. ramosa val. speciosa respectively. Furthermore, I am of the opi-

nion that the variation between what are, in this paper, recognised as three varieties of A. rariosa

are not great enough to regard them as species. However, only more detailed biosystematic studies

will reveal the true nature of the differences between these and closely related taxa.

ee a at

——

ROE a Ae te A

’

ae eee ais

Fig. 3. A. Aristida browniana var. latifolia, base of culm showing broad wavy leaf-blades. B. Aristida macroclada subsp.

queenslandica. B1, glumes (xX 4); lemma (x 4). C. Aristida bigienduiosa var. laevis. C1, glumes (X 4); C2, lemma(x 4). All

drawn from type specimens.

A KEY TO ARISTIDA IN AUSTRALIA

The key has been developed and tested for a few years and the one given here represents the

latest version of anumber of manuscript versions which have preceded it. Furthermore, it will un-

doubtedly undergo further modification as the revision progresses. The reason for including it at

this stage is that the new taxa circumscribed in this paper may be identified and compared with all

Australian taxa currently recognised.

10.

Il,

13,

14.

LS;

Lateral awns less than “4 as long as the median awn or absent .......... (section Streptachne) 2

Lateral awns as long as the median awn or more than % its length ......00.. 0. ccecceecases eee eees 4

. Lower internodes glabrous, leaf-blades setaceous QD, NSW .........00.. A. spuria Domin

Lower internodes hairy; leaf-blades flat ...........0cccccccccecccccccecececutecseusceusueveseueeneeesensennes 3

. Lemma to 12 mm long; glumes to 12 mm long NT, QD ........... A. utilis Bailey var. utilis

Lemma more than 17 mm long; glumes more than 15 mm long OL), Scere shusiavertnvtiesees

A. utilis Bailey var. grandiflora B. K. Simon

. Lemma with an articulation ...........ccccccccccceceeeeesneceeteeeeeeeeneeusaues (section Arthratherum) 5

Lemma without an articulation ........0..cccccccceeceeseceeeeeeee ees eeneesnneeaee (section Aristida) 13

. Glumes inverse WAL INT, CED Ah pou peice spawn yee aneeneintdgs Slpewperesece tas A. polyclados Domin

Glumes normal (NOt INVETSE) ....... ccc cee ce cee sees ee saeevereecseseevenseeeseeesueesucusavcenegereesverenseeterses 6

. Awns dissimilar, the median thick and usually recurved, the laterals slender, usually

erect-and Tp tO-2 Cn SHGIPED 33,..5.c.lencoees Be ageens vg hpdeeneserpaersvleetarsengecdyechecetin branhenentene 7

Awns + Similar, erect, the laterals as long as the median or shorter by 2—5 mm................. 9

. Lateral awns much thinner than the central and about half the length CODD cn asagdeleelnegnteaes

A. granitica B. K. Simon

Lateral awns slightly thinner than the central and more than half the length ..................... 8

. Annual 33—50 cm tall; lemma $—7°5 mm long WA, NT, QD .........0..... A. hirta Domin

Perennial 60— 120 cm tall; lemma 8—-12°5 mm long NT, QD.... A. superpendens Domin

. Articulation indistinct; lateral arms shorter than the median by 2—5 mm

YEA, BOD th ac shape du sassay Aah Sider ehatw ately eeccnerahed aceaeeteeeninnadite eiaiees A. holathera Domin

Articulation distinct; lateral awns as long as the median ...................ccccaceceeeeetteteeseeee anes 10

Column 5:8—8 cm long, ca 1 mm thick WA, NT, QD... a. A. hygrometrica R.Br.

Column usually less than § cm long, occasionally longer (~-6°5 cm) but then thinner

CET STi EITC Gh ih coh teanacliaed hdebae Daerah gap enn naslevaice dana tee ray epnpelse Prnrperngsantypiarsaneneeess 11

Culms + wavy; lemma (including the callus) 5—7 mm long, brownish when mature

All Mainland States ...........c.ccccccceececeeececsenseenseeeeseeeeneeseentnegentass A. contorta F. Muell

Culms +straight; lemma (including the callus) 7— 10m long, purplish when mature ........ 12

. Leaf-blades to 1 mm wide, involute All Mainland States 20.00.00... cccceceescseeeeeeeeeeeee reuse

Leaf-blades over 2 mm wide, flattened APA ANI Naud nat OO See dar On OGL Malick atest eae. Se

A. browniana Henrard var. latifolia B. K. Simon

Lemma involute, with a furrow on the ventral surface ...........c.cccccecccscesa sense seeeeaseaeeeseees 14

Lemma convolute, without a furrow on the ventral surface ......0......cccccccccsecceeeeeeeeeeeeenes 40

Column present WAS YE Nout teak sah anelacaalet het Racked. cinclyghsthl teeta A. perniciosa Domin

CU TTATT SEINE 5 are Mest diane Sth eho RWET SM tthe PRE RaEy Hahaa ed ahd Loup tbe Bareeyith caanaande piene rananedigatied ope a tis 1S

Awns unequal in length, laterals 3—* as long as the median ........0.....0.0.ccesceeeeeeeseneenes 16

Awns + equal in length, or the laterals more than *% as long as the median ..................... 17

16.

17.

19,

20.

21.

ees

23.

24,

25.

26,

27,

28.

29,

30.

Culm internodes hirsute, especially at the base DAE, CODY lb sapp deca rt lene basdtatiah tip ntibyclageetedae«

A. queenslandica Henrard var. queenslandica

Culm internodes glabrous 1) Dees Tienes A. queenslandica Henrard var. dissimilis

(S. T. Blake) B. K. Simon

Margins of the lemma furrow with one to several rows of tubercles ...............c:seseeeeeeeeees 18

Margins of the lemma furrow smooth or the lemma muricate towards the apex .............. 25

CTHITIEGS THVEESE LF, a shtik: Aik tit sada nits meu Pusmadudiber sane teed het bihaas asngds verdant ne toa caudarresn aa anuts 19

Glumes subequal or normal (upper longer than the lower) ..............cccccccceeeneeeeeeeereeeneeees 23

Glumes differing in length by more than 3 MM ...............c.cceceseecncueeenenecsereseseeueereteeeenes 20

Glumes differing in length by less tham 3 MM ..........cccccccceecesacceeeeceserensnsateueverseueeveeeeeaes 21

Lemma with a _ pseudo-articulation; leaf-blades curling up at maturity

WAIT SA OTIS sa soruprecaavald oaeswecncdneny nea sue teemunionedie madara it A. inaequiglumis Domin

Lemma without a pseudo-articulation; leaf-blades striaght or flexuous WA,

Inflorescence with pulvini; glumes +smooth, (8—)10—14 mm long; lemma

8—12 mm long WA, NT, SA, QD, NSW ....... A. calycina R.Br. var. praealta Domin

Inflorescence without pulvini; glimes + scaberulous, 5—9(—12) mm long; lemma

BS Ost HOS ancccactar gennyler svat eahan. sere acd pabtatchenswanaieeiadcl sa tienln ey Coda seeded ga des ERO Ce Cd Ze

Inflorescence branches naked at base; lateral awns shorter than the median by more

than 2mm ROIS chk cht drat Sieve lett A. benthamii Henrard var. spinulifera B. K. Simon

Inflorescence branches bearing spikelets at base; lateral awns shorter than the

median by 1-2 mm PO SSE cutive hist veetdies A teisbaetiaeigaisalber neebiaeseuter veered

A. jerichoensis (Domin) Henrard var. subspinulifera Henrard

Lemma 10—12 mm long NT, SA, QD..... A. biglandulosa J. M. Black var. biglandulosa

Lemma up to 9 mim long oo... ccc cc cccee ec ec nce see ee eseesereeeeeneeeea pte saaepeyeceneaeeneeneaeseaeneegs 24

Lemma 6--9 mm long, subequal to the glumes, without a pseudo-articulation

NT, QOD, NSW ..............8. A. jerichoensis (Domin) Henrard var. subspinulifera Henrard

Lemma 4—5:5mm long, much shorter than the glumes, with a pseudo-articulation

CED nectar tales Mate gaacda Menutial ote derdnes Dent ieaoead us ehapaile Renee Larakyes A. helicophylla S. T. Blake

Lemma with a pseudo-articulation .......0....00.cccccccc cee eceese nce eceseeesesaeeeeseeaeaesnsenesaensenenes 26

Lemma without a pseudo-articulation

Glumes differing in length by more than 3 mm WA, NT, SAVOD tisccccenssiagtadiasatont dieses

, A. inaequighumis Domin

Glumes differing in length by less than 3 mM ...............ccccee ec ccc cece eee eeeeeeeeeeseeasaeneaeaeaees 27

Glumes more than 11°5 mm long; lemma more than 8 mm long; leaf-blades con-

volute

to flat, not curling up COTE FB REAM Manca ttrndep eave te lentes ate vas Seetsents A. sciuroides Domin

Glumes less than 11:5 mm long; lemma less than 8 mm long; leaf-blades flat and

curling up We, I RI ig cat ibte at das natndriehh tiie Ri ayaded took ssan steed A. ingrata Domin

Lemma muricate towards the apex ..........cccccccceeeeceeeessee ence ren eesereeuse essence saenseeeeaen snes sans 29

[ESTA SITIO, cctesahcmcelenb cous tesacsaginetaldgierecsachaseiaceractenracsag aie naling tin valleee tac gppedosatte ones 31

Annual or short-lived perennial usually under 30 cm tall; inflorescence a densely

congested spike WA, NT, SA, QD, NSW ...... A, anthoxanthoides (Domin) Henrard

Perennials over 50 cm tall; inflorescence a loosely arranged Spike ..............ccceceecneneeereenes 30

Culms fastigiately branched Wide IT OID sc vacsua dexccsumescaepencenedeess A. exserta S. T. Blake

Culms, if branched, not fastigiate CODD, NAW en asatiacs peorye ea teers A. muricata Henrard

3).

32.

34,

aS:

36.

37.

38.

39,

40.

41.

42.

43.

44,

45.

46.

47.

100

Lemma margin distinctly protruding laterally from the ventral furrow WA, NT, QD .....

A. lazaridis B. K. Simon

Lemma margin not protruding or if so, not distinctly ...........0.c cc cccc ccc ees ee secuseeeeesnseeeneres 32

Glumes more than 13 mm ION ............ cc cecec cece cc nenenee ee ecerecsueceseeeeseetaeseneneusertstegeneasnes 33

Glumes: less that 12 tint LONG oy. Ancccigctagintts cisaesdeiedein beveteginagie tie ontsse vanwadededaeseetggan ged send 34

Lower glume 3—nerved GED, op Rid rein dete gs dar tunpaiddvel arse vetesde: A. borealis B. K. Simon

Lower glume 1—nerved NT, QD......... A. biglandulosa J, Black var. laevis B. K. Simon

Lateral awns shorter than the median by 1—2 1M ......... cc cece cc cssccecesceussceevsveneerensereeeunens 35

Lateral awns shorter than the median by more than 2 MM ............ccceceseceeceeesseeeeseneenenees 36

Lemma + enclosed within the glumes CFF INS Wes festa btutiay tre rab opliviens Madly de vettectayenbencton wats

A. jerichoensis (Domin) Henrard var. jerichoensis

Lemma + protruding beyond the glumes ISS VAS Hdl e soegubttimubehhs Praldad hie cone deetbutinccecwtuas

A. jerichoensis var. jerichoensis X A. ramosa var. ramosa

Lemma 3:5—5°5 mm long QD, NSW... cece A benthamii Henrard var, benthamii

Lemma more than 6 mm Long ........ccccccccccccecccccececeueeseessueeuevecueevevevesussnsuensersuesereaanevas 37

Lower glume 3—nerved COD? seanass viglenlnanctaper hire sarbahadentscaa eh nenaaners A. borealis B. K. Simon

Lower elite I Servedd os ccdecnnscdes retteaeed softens babe di eapeandikaneepedeipinheamene feng enermitedthadanabad vires 38

Glumes acuminate to awned; inflorescence branches naked in +the lower half;

hilum about a quarter to a sixth as long as the grain OD, NSW .. A. acuta S. T. Blake

Glumes acute to obtuse; inflorescence branches bearing spikelets from or from near

the base; hilum ca half as long as the grain ..........cce eee cc cee cceees eee eeee esses eneueenneeeeneees 39

Leaf-blades filiform and arranged basally on the culm ROUTER 2 occa moses indice tonncherauvrsesteies

A. calycina R.Br. var. filifolia B. kK. Simon

Leaf-blades not as above WA, NT, QD, NSW, VIC ....... A. calycina R.Br. var. calycina

Lemma with a twisted column (sometimes reduced to a half spiral) .............ccceccceeees seus 4]

etiana WithO Uta CO NU 9es sccemeneccve born ccveetarienadsy exteapanevgonsadavamer ab enen beetaruanw$vlite puege elt 47

LGiwer Shite 37 MOT VO cs deveci neg siete de Wace cepted Fawokinnaducibepavvirivnaa beast eed pedniagb 4a, she diya cannon eta 42

Lgerer Sie UEP Vt: wc s basa dhtinaanssaricana meant ckirolertages wer eawneta the rere omneKeEheMan RRR OnERIa 43

Awns similar IN AIDE, hance outh tsoarb ae Wed veitteslesaleepyentareatatiteenanes Mpegs A. schultzii Mez

Awns dissimilar, the central thicker and recurved at maturity OD, NSW oo. ceceeecee ees

A. warburgii Mez

Glumes differing in length by up to 2mm WA, NT, SA, QD, NSW 0... cece ccc ee cece

A. latifolia Domin

Glumes differing in length by 3-4 mM 2.0.0.0... cece cess cee een eee eeeeeeeeeseneneueersetnaeetitenrns 44

Inflorescence loose to open with the branches naked at the base ..............ccececeseseeneeeenn ees 45

Inflorescence + spike-like with the branches bearing spikelets from the base ................0. 46

Column of many spirals CFE, asnareteraeyasie ch vvanse ne Eeoaa Pie dingtdantens nel de xdlthe tba paavede cause p hey Sokte linen BS

A. macroclada Henrard subsp. queenslandica B, K. Simon

Column of half to one spiral NT, QD wo... A. macroclada Henrard subsp. macroclada

Column of at least one complete spiral; lemma scabrous on the margin apically

RO INNA cathe he tntG wy a ntattnabu du Sener tesscechs eaiheat hem mereennens A. psammopkila Henrard

Column of a half spiral; lemma scarbrous all over apically Di GIS oats peas thane paeiuiecnsisy

A. longicollis (Domin) Henrard

Spikelet (excluding awns) up to 3 mm long ETD, cotta 08 tty Geo A. cumingiana Trin. & Rupr.

Spikelet (excluding awns) more than 5 mM 1OnG ............ceceeeesec scenes eee ee eea eeu eeeseneensaeeeenes 48

48.

49,

50.

i es

52.

53.

54.

55,

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66,

Lemma extended beyond both GIUMES 5 «...csc6 cen savesansssorta cigseseemancess ercredeveaesysnemannnyds 49

Lemma not extended beyond both glumes ..............cccccc cece cece eceeueeeeateceeuestareeesetterenees 58

Lower glume + 4 mm long; upper glume less than 7 mm Iong ................0..cccceseeeeeeeee eens 50

Lower glume more than 5 mm long; uper glume more than 7 mm long ...................cc0c00e 51

Inflorescence 3—7 K 1—4 cm, ovate in outline QOD, NSW ...... A. caput-medusae Domin

Inflorescence larger, irregular in outline QD, NSW ooo... ce ec ee cere eens A. vagans Cav.

Culms bushy with many fine branches OD, NSW ....... cece eeee eee A. gracilipes Henrard

Culms not bushy; if much branched then robust, otherwise slender with few branches ..... 52

Glumes acute to shortly aristulate ........0......ccccccciceeeses etc eceeeeeeeeseaeaeeeseeseespenerseasaeseenensea 53

Glumes prominently aristulate ...........cccce ce ceccccsceeceseeeeesenecereen sense sents enenesseesertaegenseneaes 56

Inflorescence loose to open SA, QD, NSW ....... A. ramosa R.Br. var. speciosa Henrard

Inflorescence + contracted or with + contracted branches ............ccccecesceceneeeeeeevseceneusees 54

Lemma slightly tuberculate NSW .... A. ramosa var. ramosa x A, ramosa var. scaberula

(i UPL T AT SATIS 8 oa hu ete hexannsien rence yap ye ustedct somal pear deb btiae pede guueebaam ncgetet raat tadeice c'sevantudesaes 55

Lemma + twice the length of the glumes NSW ...... A. ramosa Var. ramosa X A. vagans

Lemma slightly longer than the glumes WAS QD, INSW, VIC vin scapc cttcletadperersetaleaecahien

A. ramosa R.Br. var. ramosa

Lemma scabrid-tuberculate; culms very robust QD, NSW ........ A. lignosa B. K. Simon

Lemma scabrous only on the margin apically; culms slender to robuSt ...............c.cceeeeeeee 57

Culms 25—45 cm tall with the inflorescence 5— 8 cm long CODD, TNO oastn Hunts te pe beacebace sts

A. leichhardtiana Domin

Culms 60—120 cm tall with the inflorescence 1O—30 cm long SA, QD NSW |... cee

A. ramosa R.Br. var. speciosa Henrard

Lower glume longer than the upper glume, 3—nerved WAS foes cestra de Pegdieeina edbedanadtilsie raatendl

A. kimberley ensis B. K. Simon

Lower glume shorter than the upper glUME ............. ccc cecececese eee reetesaeaeesesaseeenestataess 5¢

Lemma shorter than or subequal in length to the upper glume .................cccccceec essa eeeeen es 60

Lemma shorter than or subequal in length to the lower glume ................cccceceeeee seen seen 69

Upper glume more than 12 mm IOng ................cccccccccc cece eee c ee eee ee enesecsenasaedenerst reeset teens 61

Upper glume less than 12 mm long .............. ccc ccc ceeseeeeeeneceeteue esas eeeeseueeaseeneeseeeaeeseees 64

Inflorescence longer than wide TSUES WE Be shears ore tid ade ath enQenctae dette A. vickeryae B. K. Simon

Inflorescence + aS Wide a5 LONG ......... ec cccccc cece ces ec eens tacceesaeeeessasueueeenensnesteenensesneataenees 62

Inflorescence 14-25 cm long and almost as wide; spikelets terminal on in-

florescence branches CI INGE asks abe nee teedetit page cnanau teres A. leptopoda Benth.

Inflorescence 6—12 cm long and wide; spikelets evenly distributed in the

WNTIOTOSCERCE iit ca sicotecgiaaes tute cae ediang dh tg akiedelgatrardermaleaaegheaet treba dtiSatpaeg tt nica bade aetalataoel 63

Peduncle terete; lemma + smooth NT, SA, NSW, VIC .........0....5 A. behriana F. Muell.

Peduncle compressed; lemma densely scabrous WA, NT, SA, QD, NSW oo...

A. obscura Henrard

Lemma tuberculate apically QD, NSW ........... A. ramosa R.Br. var. scaberula Henrard

Lemma smooth or scabrous to some degree apically ..............cccccccceceeeenesecesasenenenensessees 65

Lemma scaberulous apically PST FADED 11a airs nnepenametebowaans A. longicollis (Domin) Henrard

Lemma smooth or marginally scabrous apically ...................000005 Peedtattalayqittes hdd hes meer, 66

Glume tips acute to shortly aristulate ............cccecccccceececeeueresesecuseerenesauecsueesaccurssesneteees 67

Glume tips prominently aristulate ........0..0....ccccccceseceeee eee tece eeu etaneseeeaeeaesestteeaesaeeneteeeg 68

67.

68.

69,

70,

71.

72,

74,

76.

77.

78,

102

Inflorescence + contracted or with + contracted branches WA, SA, QD, NSW, VIC.....

A. ramosa R.Br. var. ramosa

Inflorescence loose to open SA, QD, NSW

eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee

A. ramosa R. Br. var. speciosa Henrard

Culms 25—45 cm tall with the inflorescence 5—8 cm long CJD INS WY caiacithatenrdieagincne

A. leichhardtiana Domin

Culms 60—120 cm tall with the inflorescence 10—30 cm long SA, QD, NSW...

A. ramosa R.Br. var. speciosa Henrard

Lemma smooth or minutely scaberulous or scabrous only along the margin ................... 70

Lemma tuberculate to distinctly scabrous all over apically .............cccccscceceeeeeeeeeteteeeeeraes 74

Inflorescence loose and open; annual GTI Me hie, nc sue nt cetcn eng denedenaats A. annua B. K. Simon

Inflorescence spicate; perennials ..............ccccececne nec eec eee ce ee eeececeeteeeeeececeeseseeteeeeeteeeeeeees 71

Lemma smooth with a marginal band of spines WA cee A. burbidgeae B. K. Simon

Lemma smooth all over or minutely scaberulouS ............ccccccccsecececeeeceeeseuseeeereesessesneeasa 72

Glumes unequal; leaves flat to convolute, not rigid SA woceceseeee A. australis B. K. Simon

Glumes + equal; leaves filiform and rigid ........... ccc cccce ccc ccceceneceueeneeseeeeeeeeceasaneseneen eee: 73

Lemma 7—9 mm long with flattened awns li Sete ee cele Reet eee ee AC A. latzii B. K. Simon

Lemma ca 6 mm long with slender awns SU i erg cee tah Set A. burraensis B. K. Simon

Inflorescence loose and open OL), BSW. a lacudistvndiddetneiadie A, blakei B. K. Simon

Liflorescence Congested TS MICALES yc accese cede esd ena te ce neseng RIS Sunken cecal tlie eey coteleeehbowaPeenees 75

ESTs SGC S SF as cctotcs 65545 Meda pe are ada aR GAMPSOAE SG CITING, DADRA uate ETE Pac piatageraehavdetey Taga 76

Lemma up to 6°5 mm long; blades flat and curly QD, NSW .. A. platychaeta 8S. T. Blake

Lemma usually more than 6°5 mm long; blades filiform or conduplicate or if flat, not curly 77

Glumes + equal WA, NT, SAY QOD, INS W ap 2.cs gate sa none ah e5es neu Pern apne sis cGWiaa be edaeaa dee SSN eapaeNe

A. nitidula (Henrard) S. T. Blake ex J. Black

Glumes unequal EFS ohaante cantnbag assay Dent engine mdarned aaa areeeretae A. arida B. K. Simon

Lemma 8'5—12 mm long; leaf blades conduplicate or flat WA, NT, SA, QD, NSW .......

A. strigosa (Henrard) S. T. Blake ex J. M. Black

Lemma 5—8 mm long; leaf blades filiform WA, NT, SA........... A. capillifolia Henrard

Acknowledgements

Lam grateful to Mr R. J. Henderson for his helpful suggestions in improving the manuscript and to

Mrs Gillian Rankin for the illustrations. I extend my appreciation to the Australian Biological

Resources Study for financial support for work on Aristida and to the Directors of Australian

herbaria (AD, ADW, CANB, CBG, MEL, NSW, NT, PERTH, QRS) for the loan of herbarium

material.

References

BLACK, J. M. (1933). Additions to the Flora of South Australia. No. 31. Transactions & Proceedings of the Royal Society

of South Australia §7:146.

BLAKE, S. T. (1969), Taxonomic and nomenclatural studies in the Gramineac, No. 2 Proceedings of the Royal Soctety of

Queensland 81(1): 2-3.

LAZARIDES, M. (1980). Aristida L. (Poaceae, Aristideae) in Australia. Brunonia 3: 271-333.

Accepted November 1983,

103

Austrobaileya 2(1) 103 — 105 (1984)

A MANGROVE HYBRID, SONNERATIA X GULNGATI

(SONNERATIACEAE) FROM NORTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA

by N. C. Duke

Australian Institute of Marine Science,

P.M.B. 3, M.S.O., Townsville, Qld 4810

Australian Institute of Marine Science

Contribution No, 226

Summary

The hybrid Sonneratia taxon, S. alba x S. caseolaris, previously reported from an isolated stand in north-western Borneo,

has been observed in north-eastern Australia as widespread and consistent in morphological form, The taxon is described as

S. gulngai. Notes on its floral phenology, distribution in Australia and its ecology are given.

Backer & van Steenis (1951) recognised five species of Sonneratia. These taxa are found from

eastern Africa to the western Pacific in tropical coastal areas. One species, S. a/ba, is found

throughout this region and the other taxa are found in limited distributions in the Indo-Malesian

area. Australia was seen to be located at the distributional limits of the widespread species,

S. alba, and possibly one other, S. caseolaris. However, following the discovery of putative hybrid

forms in north-western Borneo by Muller & Hou-Liu (1966), similar plants were expected to be

found in northern Australia (Muller & van Steenis, 1968) although evidence for the occurrence of

species other than S. a/ba was scant (van Steenis, 1968).

Recent detailed Australian and Papua New Guinea surveys (e.g. Bunt ef a/., 1982) dating back

to 1976 now provide evidence of the occurrence of S. caseo/aris in north-eastern Australia as well

as a third taxon which is in some ways referable to the putative hybrid, S. a/ba « S. caseolaris,

described but not formally named, by Muller & Hou-Liu (1966). However, there are some dif-

ferences, although both appear referable to the same putative parents. Because distribution of the

Australian form is relatively extensive and shows little morphological variation throughout its

range the taxon is recognised as a distinct entity, S. X gu/ngai, The name was taken from that of a

native tribe which inhabited the area in the vicinity of the Tully River mouth where this taxon was

first observed in Australia by J. S. Bunt. The epithet is indeclinable in Latin.

The hybrid status of S, X gu/ngai is supported by the evidence which is briefly listed:

1. intermediate and shared morphological characters;

2. reduced fertility, and distinctive shape and character of the pollen (Wright, 1977);

3. poor fruit maturation;

4. confused floral phenology — apparently taking characteristics of each of the putative parental

cycles;

5. luxuriant growth of tree form and foliage;

6. distribution in Australia limited to those estuaries where S. caseolaris also

occurs; and

7, numbers of individuals usually quite low; more plants are found in those estuaries where the

distributions of S. alba and S. caseo/aris overlap.

Taxonomy

Measurements taken from dried specimens unless otherwise stated. Means are given in brackets,

*Sonneratia X gulneai N.C. Duke, sp. nov.

Sonneratia alba Smith x S. caseolaris (L.) Engler, Muller & Hou-Liu, Blumea 14:388 (1966).

*Sonneratia < gulngai N. C. Duke, hybrida naturalise S. a/ba Smith et 8. caseolaris(L.) Engler exorta, Notae dissimiles illis

5. albae autem similes illis S. ceseolaris: folia costa prominenti et apice plerumque incrassato; pneumatophora plerumque

eq 80 cm alta, gracilia, acuta; calycis lobi pro parte maxime 6; petala in alabastro mature semper rubra, linearia; stylus in

104

flore recentiter aperto pro parte maxime plus quam 5 cm longus; lobi calycis fructus maturi plus quam 2-2 cm longi; semina

angularia et non falcata. Notae dissimiles illis S. caseo/aris autem similes illis 8. a/bae; caulis parum infra inflorescentiam

pro parte maxime rotundatus, laevis; alabastrum diametro partis superae et partis infernae simili sed leviter constrictum

inter eas; fructus maturus aliquantum cylindricus, erectus, plerumque minus quam 1-7 cm altus, raro excedens latitudine

diametrum corollae, calyce cyathiformi, pagina laevi, impolita. Notae intermediae inter illis S. afbae et S. caseolaris:

longitudo petioli; longitude styliet latitudo stigmatis in gradibus omnibus auctus. Notae dissimiles illis ambarum specicbus:

dimensiones majores arborus, foliorum, albastrorum maturorum, florum apertorum, calycum fructus, et longitude

petalorum. Dimensions minores observatae non nisi ratione longitudinis lalitudinisque folicrum. Typus: N. C. Duke

AIMS—547 (BRI holotypus: AIMS, CANB, JCT, K, L, isotypi).

Spreading tree ca 25 m high; canopy rather dense. Trunk base simple. Bark smooth or fissured

and flaky, grey. Pneumatophores thin, pointed and often branched, ca 80cm high. Leaves: lamina

obovate 52—85(80) mm long, 38—-64(54) mm wide, dull green, with prominent midvein, the tip

acuminate, recurved, often thickened; petiole 6—14(11) mm long. Inflorescences with one or two

buds. Mature buds, acute to obtuse, attenuate to obtuse at the base, medially constricted, the up-

per and lower portions often similar, in all 25—35(31) mm long, 10—20 mm wide. Flowers: hypan-

thium shiny, smooth, without ribs; calyx lobes (S—)6(—7), 15—23(18) mm long; petals always

present, linear, 20—41(33) mm long, 1—3(2}) mm wide when fresh, red; staminal filaments

numerous, ca 37 mm long when fresh, red; anthers yellow; petals and stamens fall within hours

after anthesis; style ca 30 mm long; stigma fungiform, ca 2 mm wide; ovary 13—17(15) locular.

Berry erect globose, 10—20(12) mm long, 29--48(39) mm wide, sometimes indented around style

base; pericarp leathery, smooth, glossy without ribs; calyx persistent, 41 —47(44) mm from base of

fruit to tip of sepals; calyx lobes erect 23-—28(27) mm long. Seeds numerous, angular.

Cook District; Melvor River, (15° 08'S, 145° 14°F), 8 Dec 1978, N.C. Duke AIMS—547, (Type: BRI, holo; AIMS, CANB,

JCT, K, L, iso).

Differences from S. a/ba and affinities with S. caseolaris include: leaf mid-vein prominent,

leaf tip often thickened; pneumatophores usually ca 80 cm high, thin and pointed; calyx lobes

mostly ca 6; petals in mature flower bud always red and linear; mature fruit calyx lobes mostly

more than 2:2 cm long; seeds angular and not sickle-shaped.

Differences from S, caseolaris and affinities with S. a/ba include: stem just below the inflor-

escence mostly rounded and smooth; mature flower bud surface smooth and shiny, diameter at

upper and lower portions similar, with slight constriction between; mature fruit calyx cup-shaped;

mature fruit surface smooth and dull with width rarely exceeding the corolla diameter; mature

fruit height mostly less than 1-7 cm; and fruit erect, somewhat cylinderical.

Characters intermediate between S. caseo/aris and S. alba: petiole length; style length and

stigma width at all developmental stages.

Characters different from S. caseolaris and S. alba; larger size of tree, leaves, mature flower

bud, open flower, petals and fruit calyx, Lesser dimensions only observed for the length to width

ration of leaves.

Floral Phenology

The floral development cycle of the hybrid is confused and is coupled with the observation of

extremely poor fruit maturation. Cycles for each of the putative parents are distinct and seasonal,

but §. X guingai exhibits both cycles within the same plant. This dual character of the hybrid is

briefly summarised by the bimodal peak flowering and fruiting periods which coincide with those

of S. alba and S. caseolaris, respectively, in this region (Duke e¢ a/, in press). S. X gulngai flowers

mainly around December and also in March. Pollen has a reduced fertility with ca 30 per cent col-

lapsed grains. Much young fruit drops shortly after peak flowering has passed. Mature fruit falls

mainly in March and August. Development period is ca 3—5 months for each cycle.

Australian Distribution

On the north-eastern coast S. X gudngai occurs from the Murray River (18° 05'S, 146° O1’E) in the

south, to the Olive River (12° 10'S, 143° 05’E) in the north. It is limited to estuaries which have both

S. caseolaris and S. alba. The latter species is widespread, therefore the possible limitations on the

distribution in Australia of the hybrid are linked to the occurrence of the less common S.

caseolaris. Occurrence is more frequent in estuaries where the distributions of S. a/ba and S.

caseolaris overlap. Distribution throughout Indo-Malesia is expected to be widespread while being

subject to the constraints already outlined.

105

Ecology

S. X gulngai is easily distinguished in the field by its size and luxuriant foliage (i.e. darker green

canopy appearance, including larger leaves and fruits). It ts found commonly at the downstream

limits of S, caseo/aris which often places it centrally within Australian estuaries. In this position the

species occurs in lower to middle tidal contours; i.e., above and behind S. caseo/aris. Here it is com-

monly associated with Bruguiera parviflora and X ylocarpus granatum. To a lesser extent the

species is also associated with Rhizophora mucronata and Nypa fruticans. §. X gu/ngai is usually

found on firm mud or silt.

Acknowledgements

This paper has been compiled from a larger study of the genus Sonneratia in Australia and Papua

New Guinea. The Study has been undertaken part-time as partial fulfillment of a thesis with the

James Cook University of North Queensland whilst the author was employed by the Australian

Institute of Marine Science. Co-supervisors, Dr John Bunt (A.I.M.S.) and Dr Betsy Jackes

(J.C.U.N.Q.), have provided advice and direction towards the culmination of these studies. The

author is grateful for their assistance and that of others, especially Mr Les Pedley (BRI), who

kindly translated the description of S. X gulngai.

Bibliography

BACKER, C.A.&C.G.G. J. VAN STEENIS (1951). Sonneratiaceae. Flora Malesiana Ser, 1, 4:280—289.

BUNT, J. S., W. T. WILLIAMS & N. C, DUKE (1982). Mangrove distributions in north-east Australia. Journal of

Biogeography 9:111—120.

DUKE, N.C., J.S, BUNT & W.T. WILLIAMS (in press}. Observations on the floral and vegetative phenologies of north-

eastern Australian mangroves, Australian Journal of Botany 32 (13 pages).

MULLER, J. & 8. ¥, HOU-LIU (1966). Hybrids and chromosomes in the Genus Sonneratia (Sonneratiaceae). Blyimea

14:337—343.

MULLER, J. &C.G.G. J. VAN STEENIS (1968). The Genus Sonmeratia in Australia, with notes on hybridization of its

two species. North Queensland Naturatist 35(147):6—8.

STEENIS, C. G.G, J, VAN (1968), Do Sonneratia caseolaris and 8S, ovata occur in Queensland or the Northern Territory?

North Queensland Naturalist 35(145):3—6.

WRIGHT, D. F. (1977). A North Queensland mangrove pollen flora. Honours thesis, James Cook University of North

Queensland. 98 pp. 27 plates.

Accepted June 1982.

107

A Note on EF. M. Bailey’s Botany Bulletins

As aresult of a request for information from Mr B. Hyland CSIRO Division of Forest Research,

Atherton, regarding date of publication of F. M. Bailey’s Botany Bulletin 5, in 1892, copy of an

interesting letter Bailey sent to Baron Ferdinand von Mueller in Melbourne was found in Bailey’s

correspondence books (BRI archives). Besides helping to date reasonably accurately the

appearance of Bu/letin 5, it provided some background information on procedures for production

of this series, at least up to the publication of this number. The relevant part of the letter, rather

than being lost, is reproduced here because the exceedingly light-weight paper on which the hand-

written copy in ink was made, is starting to disintegrate with age and even now small portions are

missing.

Bailey’s Botany Bulletins were a follow-on from the various supplements of his Synopsis of

the Queensland Flora published in 1883. The third supplement appeared sometime after mid-1890.

At that time new information and new species were continually coming into Bailey’s hands,

thanks, no doubt, to his repeated appeals in practically all his publications for persons scattered

throughout the colony to post in small flowering or fruiting specimens of their local plants. Rather

than delay description of these new plants until he had sufficient for further supplements, Bailey

set about issuing small items at irregular intervals as the information came to hand. Thus the

Botany Bulletin series evolved. They were, as he said, mainly devoted to publication of descrip-

tions of new species and other matter appertaining to the flora of Queensland.

The first three bear only numbers of the general bulletin series of the Department of Primary

Industries (then Department of Agriculture), being numbered 4, 7 and 9 respectively. The first

appeared in the latter part of 1890. Only with the appearance of Departmental Bulletin 13 was the

formal subtitle “Botany Bulletin IV” included. This dual titling and numbering continued till

Bulletin] appeared (18(5); 20(6) and 21(7)). Bulletins 8 to 17 appeared independently as numbered

Botany Bulletins by F. M. Bailey. As later Bulletins paralleled or followed Bailey’s more well-

known publications including the Queensland Flora, their subject matter changed somewhat from

what was planned for the series originally. New species were described in these other publications

and extension-type items as well as descriptions of new species were also being published in the

Queensland Agricultural Journal, After Bailey’s death in 1915, other authors contributed to the

Bulletin series but it was eventually terminated at number 22 in 1920.

As far as Botany Bulletin 5 is concerned, its date of publication is critical because of the

description of a number of north Queensland plants which were also described under the same

names by Baron Ferdinand von Mueller about the same time in consecutive issues of the Victorian

Naturalist. The names are Aypsophila oppositifolia (Celastraceae), Polyosma_ reducta

(Escalloniaceae), Beilschmiedia lachnostemonea, Endiandra dichrophylla and Endiandra exos-

temonea (Lauraceae) and Eugenia luehmannii and Myrtus monosperma (Myrtaceae). Though

Bailey attributed these names to Mueller, which publication appeared first is critical for

nomenclature.

The dates of issue of the relevant Victorian Naturalist numbers are apparently May 1892 and

June or early July 1892. The only date given with Botany Bulletin 5 is May 1892, but reference to

the May 1892 or June 1892 Victorian Naturalist was given for the relevant names attributed to

Mueller.

Publication date for Bulletin 5 must have concerned Mueller too, for in the Register of

Inwards Correspondence for 1892 (BRI archives), it is recorded that Bailey received a letter from

Baron von Mueller about Bulletins on the 3rd August. This letter was apparently not kept so we do

not know what Mueller asked. However, Bailey responded as follows: —

Colonial Botanist’s Office

August 5th (189)2

Dear Baron,

The dates of my Botany Bulletins are the time when the manuscript is given to the printer, while in his hands I

keep adding to the publication information as such come to hand. The issue of the work is often delayed, but | often obtain

slips [?clips] which are sent out, — small matter like these Bulletins are kept in type so that at anytime to the very last matter

can be inserted. Thus matter from the June number of the Victorian Naturalists was sliped in. I have no given time for issuing

these publications but have matter printed when sufficient is ready. Will you ............cccccececeeees sen eeee een ee eeenenen ines etc.

[different topics]. Yours very truly,

F. M. Bailey

From this it is reasonably certain that Botany Bulletin 5 appeared in July 1892. It was late

enough to catch the June-July 1892 Victorian Naturalist yet early enough for Mueller to see it and

get a letter to Bailey about it by 3rd August 1892. This Bailey letter therefore removes any doubts

as to who is the author of the names in question

R. J. F. HENDERSON

108

CORRIGENDA

Austrobaileya 1(4) (1981)

362, Table 10. The figures under the column headed ‘Australia’ should be altered in the following

cases: — Andropogoneae ‘129/18’ to ‘129/17’, Aristideae ‘66/0’ to ‘64/0’, Eragrostideae ‘157/13’

to ‘157/21’, Stipeae ‘62/5’ to ‘61/5’ and the corresponding changes made to Table 11 on p. 363.

. 364, Table 12. The figure under the column headed ‘N.S.W’’ should read 80/22 and the figures

under the column headed ‘Australia’ should be altered in the following cases: — Andropogonoid

132/19’ to ‘132/18’, Aristidoid ‘66/0’ to 64/0’, Chloridoid ‘231/31’ to ‘231/39’, Stipoid ‘62/5’ to

‘61/5. Corresponding changes should be made to Table 13.

. 367, Table 17. The figures under the column headed ‘NO. OF NATIVE ENTITIES’ should be

altered in the following cases:— Paniceae ‘187 to ‘188, Eragrostideae ‘154’ to ‘157’, Andropo-

goneae ‘130’ to ‘129. The figure under the column headed ‘NO. OF NATURALISED EXOTIC

ENTITIES’ should be altered as follows: — Agrostideae ‘22’ to ‘21’, Aveneae ‘29 to ‘27’.

Austrobaileya 1(5) (1982)

Pp.

455, line 4 of summary — alter reynoldsensis to reynoldensis.

462, line 10 from bottom — alter “D. rarae (R.Br.) Vickery” to “D. inaequiglumi (Cheesem.)

Connor & Edgar et D. sieberianae Trin. & Rupr.” and add the following footnote to p. 462 —

“W hile this paper was in press a paper on Dichelachne in New Zealand by E. Edgar and H. E. Con-

nor was published in N.Z. J. Bot. 20:303 -309 (1982). In this paper it is apparent that the name

D. rara (R.Br.) Vickery has been widely wrongly applied to D, inaequiglumis (Cheesem.) Edgar &

Connor and D. sieberiana Trin. & Rupr. in Australia and that the latter species are the ones in

which D. parva should be compared”.

5. R. HAMPSON, Government Printer, Queensland

QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE

Flora of South-eastern Queensland. Volume | by T. D. Stanley & E. M. Ross (1983), 545 pages.

This is the first of three volumes providing a detailed account of the native and naturalized

plant species from the Queensland-New South Wales Border east of Talwood north to the Dawes

Range and Bundaberg area. Families are listed phylogenetically according to the Engler system

and Volume | contains treatments of all familes from Casuarinaceae to Sapindaceae. This volume

also contains a key to all the families of Dicotyledoneae in the region. The book is illustrated with

80 plates of black and white line drawings.

Price $20.00; Postage/Handling Qld $3.00, Interstate $6.00, Overseas $6.00

Suburban Weeds by H. E. Kleinschmidt (1983), 64 pages

The text contains descriptions of 120 species of weeds found in suburban areas throughout the

State together with black and white line drawings of each species. Control measures useful in

suburban situations are also given.

Price $3.00; Postage/Handling Qld $1.60, Interstate $1.60, Overseas $2.00

Weeds of Queensland by H. E. Kleinschmidt & R. W. Johnson (1979), 469 pages

This book contains descriptions of over 350 weeds, Each weed has a brief description and is

illustrated by black and white photographs or line drawings. Notes on the weed’s origin, distribu-

tion and control are also included.

Price $12.00; Postage/Handling Qld $3.00, Interstate $6.00, Overseas $6.00

Wildflowers of South-eastern Queensland. Vol. 1 by B. A. Lebler (1977), 101 pages

This 1s a book for the amateur botanist or student who would like to identify the common

wildflowers in the south-eastern corner of the State. Many of the more common wildflowers are

included in Vol. 1 including the species of Callistemon, Hibiscus and Banksia. Each species is

illustrated by a black and white line drawing and 8 pages of colour photographs are also included.

Price $2.50; Postage/Handling Qld $1.60, Interstate $1.60, Overseas $2.00

Wildflowers of South-eastern Queensland. Vol. 2 by B. A. Lebler (1981), 76 pages

Volume 2 provides descriptions, colour plates and line drawings of the Acacias of South-

eastern Queensland and includes black and white line drawings of each species and 10 pages of

colour photographs.

Price $5.00; Postage/Handling Qld $1.60, Interstate $1.60, Overseas $2.00

Orders may be sent to Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Information Centre,

G.P.O. Box 46, Brisbane Q. 4001.

Send cheques payable to Queensland Department of Primary Industries. Overseas payments

must be in Australian currency.

2a at en itt ade octhinteto i Aatmeitincaetfnite Be

CONTENTS

ies Of Evteropogon (Poaceae: Chlorideae) in Australia

6 of Derwinia (Myriaceae) for Queensland

tS TETRA WF , ay athilN Piast c ryt ema vce tcgretyv edge clea ta yeh coeislin cy haste e Bian Ae fears

A new subspecies of Ptilotus distans (R.Br.} Poir, in Queensland

CEO, sc acerasp tsb ei athadtbnaaey pan sitteys Letraayah acy vas peameatapetes trowebs phe is ure eusepepssiinbedtas

Studies in Australian grasses, |.

BB SWOT soe nace ire tenets beawenagedote tit fad tie padi andanls Meee AME Ha gee

A new species of Macarthuria (Aazoaceae) from south-eastern Queensland

E. M. Ross ....... dog ght=Ateeeee t pMTon) oe tai tare pete tea cay erut met (a eet ity a gy ag bil ete eel hy ore

A new species of Hibberrtia (Dilleniaceae) from south-eastern Queensland

TFs FP AVETSY. it Bays cctys aarvea cu attute sett de lvatenedite wnachs avn melasadipashapamataly Resnster, Ser jes toknteseaeve soe

Notes on Sanindaceae, HI.

.. Reynoids ........0.. grdenn tage neg te Orcedds ex Ease tncelve tg elses Soir enreethe Dbdaae Renee:

& revision of Melalez.

> i. (Myrtaceae) in northern and eastern Australia, 1.

LW. Fessurm .... pana gala afekedeca'pen slong 9 teak «usd bes Aasmeade he Fai rhedeape Tes hldpdeemiia saddise

Revision of Australian Vitaceae, 1. Ampelocissus Planchon

Bee EA SFI OS: «a are iksl geside aniie bas} Speier ag der Gilg Heusbe wt aeeddnderpeintend 4 Hence ea? datene eye t teks

New taxa ana nomenclatural changes in Aristida L. (Poaceae) in Australia

Fre Wie BOTPNONE 2 ee, inal pupatinabds taboks Sets EoLOHat ales PintadttabesunTie ty iaaseietes sn svt fipsinteet

A mangrove hybrid Sonneratia X guingai (Sonneratiaceae) from north-eastern

Austraha

Paes CeO TERIA, oP tobe shen ae tacts ted ahccnaeolaet speagntan ds ab tresentses cadaliecenmbnalialaasvgsoben tte dt dons

4, note on FM. Bailey’s Betany Bulletins

Is te STP ELONGSONET Ven sem Pcadvesia tevevdqpaontoavideleee Fusgagsketricsinedpeuabag ong hadeig ta ties

Editor: L. Pedley

Ausircbaileva 1(S) was published on !4 April, 1983