Austrobaileya 2(2): 109-111 (1985)

THELIONEMA, A NEW GENUS OF THE PHORMIACEAE FROM

AUSTRALIA

by R.J.F. Henderson

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

The new combinations Thelionema caespitosum (Stypandra caespitosa R.Br.), T. umbellatum (S. umbellata R.Br.) and

T. grande (S. grandis C. White) are made for the three species included in Thelionema R. Henderson. Stypandra R.Br.

is relectotypified by S. glauca R.Br. after rejection of earlier lectotypification by S. caespitosa. Styponema Salisbury is

eokaty pies by Stypandra glauca. The three genera covered by Brown’s original concept of Stypandra are distinguished

y a key.

When dealing with species that Robert Brown included in his genus Stypandra (R.Br.,

Prod. 279 (1810)) in two forthcoming publications*, I intend to recognize them as belonging

to three genera. Species 1 and 2 (S. glauca and S. imbricata) will be included under Stypandra

and species 5 (S. scabra) will be dealt with under Agrosiocrinum F.Muell. As species 3 and 4

(S. caespitosa and §. umbellata) are clearly generically distinct from species 1, 2 and 5, a

generic name is here provided so they can be treated separately.

Thelionema R. Henderson, gen. nov. Plantae perennes. Folia lineari-ensiformia, stricta,

caulina pauca, alterna, radicalia disticha basibus equitantibus. Flores paniculato-corymbos|,

erecti, pedicellis subumbellatis basi bracteolatis. Perianthium 6 aeque partitum, patens,

caeruleum vel albicans, marcescens. Stamina 6; filamenta + fusiformia omnino papillosa-

barbellata apicem versus et basin versus exclusa; antherae basi emarginatae insertae, defloratae

revolutae. Ovarium 3-loculis polyspermis; stylus filiformis; stigma simplex. Capsula 3-valvata;

semina splendentia vel polita. Typus: 7. caespitosum (R.Br.) R. Henderson (Stypandra

caespitosa R.Br.)

The genus consists of three species distributed in eastern and south-eastern Australia

from Tasmania and southeast of South Australia to south-eastern Queensland.

The name is derived from Greek thelion — a little teat or nipple, and nema — a thread,

in reference to the stamen filaments of included species which are papillary hairy throughout

except near tip and base.

The following new combinations are now required:

1. Thelionema caespitosum (R.Br.) R. Henderson, comb. nov.

Stypandra caespitosa R. Br., Prod. 279 (1810). Typus: Port Jackson [Sydney], in 1803,

R. Brown [5704] Uectotypus:BM; isolectotypus:E).

Note. Due to errors in production or perhaps a change of mind on Brown’s part, in the account

of Stypandra in his Prodromus, the epithets in the names of species 3 and 4 are the reverse of

those used in names written on relevant specimens agreeing with the protologue descriptions

from Brown’s herbarium now in the British Museum (Natural History), London (BM). The

result therefore 1s that the type of S. caespitosa R.Br., a lectotype selected from material at

BM, is a specimen collected by Brown labelled Stypandra umbellata in Brown’s hand-writing,

and vice-versa. Duplicates from these collections in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden

Edinburgh also bear names with epithets reversed to what they are in names in the Prodromus.

2. Thelionema umbellatum (R.Br.) R. Henderson, comb. nov.

Stypandra umbellata R.Br., Prod. 279 (1810). Typus: Towards South Head and Botany

Bay [Sydney], August-September 1803, R. Brown [5073] (ectotypus: BM;

isolectotypus: E).

* Volume 45, Flora of Australia (Canberra) and Volume II (Monocotyledons), The Families and Genera of Vascular

Plants (Copenhagen).

110

3. Thelionema grande (C. White) R. Henderson, comb. nov.

Stypandra grandis C. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 57: 35 (1946). Typus: Mt Norman,

Queensland, November 1944, M.S, Clemens s.n. (holotypus: BRI).

As I have previously lectotypified Stypandra R.Br. by S. caespitosa R.Br. (Henderson,

1984), some explanation and a rejection of the above lectotypification is here required to

prevent Thelionema being rendered a superfluous and hence illegitimate generic name under

the current International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ICBN).

When first dealing with Stypandra, Brown (loc. cit.) observed that his genus appeared

to be divisable into two groups, one of which was related to Dianella and the other to

Anthericum. Though he diagnosed the two groups and allocated species to them he did not

formally name them, preferring to designate them only as ‘‘I’’ and “‘II’’.

Salisbury (1866), apparently misinterpreting Brown’s derivation of the name Stypandra,

provided Styponema for Stypandra ‘‘sect.’’ I stating that ‘‘the filaments not the anthers’’ are

‘*stupose’’. He made no reference in that paper to part II of Brown’s Stypandra. It is not clear

whether Salisbury intended merely to replace Brown’s name with one he considered more

appropriate or to divide Brown’s genus into two genera. No type for Styponema was cited or

can be inferred as no species were mentioned with it, but it has to be the type of either Stypandra

glauca or S. imbricata (ICBN, Art. 10).

In dealing with Stypandra, Baker (1876) recognized two subgenera one of which he

called Stypandra subgenus Styponema and the other Stypandra subgenus Eustypandra. By

the current ICBN this latter name is unacceptable as a subgenus name (Art. 21). Baker was

no doubt giving formal standing to Brown’s subgroupings after removal of S. scabra and, at

the same time, acknowledging Salisbury’s generic name by applying Styponema to one of his

subgenera. It is clear he was describing the subgenera as new and not making a new combination

of Salisbury’s generic name for one of them. The type of Baker’s Stypandra subgenus

Styponema is automatically the type of S. glauca R.Br. as it is the only species he included in

that subgenus. What he considered the equivalent of type of the generic name or of his

Stypandra subgenus Eustypandra is not clear. The type of either S. caespitosa R.Br. or S.

umbellata R.Br., names of the only two species included in his subgenus Eustypandra, would

qualify as type of his name. Stypandra scabra was transferred to the genus Caesia R.Br. as

C. scabra (R.Br.) Baker.

When Bentham and Hooker (1883) dealt with Stypandra, they said of S. glauca R.Br.

that it belonged to ‘‘sect. Eustypandra Baker; Styponema Salisbury’’, and of 8. caespitosa

R.Br. and §. umbellata R.Br. that they belonged to ‘‘sect. Styponema Baker, non Salisbury’’.

It is debatable whether they intended reducing Baker’s subgenera to sections or Salisbury’s

genus to a section of Stypandra. As they transposed Baker’s names for Baker’s taxa their

comments seem quite confused. It is best therefore to consider that they did not intend to

introduce new names and that the names they used are not validly published and hence have

no standing under the ICBN (Art. 34, Art. 6).

Guided by Baker’s account, in notes attached to my paper with Professor Clifford

(Henderson & Clifford, 1984), I nominated S. caespitosa as type of Stypandra to fix application

of the name Stypandra so that when Brown’s original circumscription of the genus is restricted,

Stypandra applies to one element and Styponera to the other (once S, scabra is removed). In

this way I considered the interests of all past botanists dealing with this group of plants would

best be served.

In writing the group up for the volume of Flora of Australia dealing with Liliaceae in

the broad sense, however, I have become aware that it is quite inappropriate to consider either

S. caespitosa or S. umbellata when typifying Stypandra. The name itself 1s derived from tow-

like strands on the stamens, and in the generic description Brown (loc. cit.) described stamens

as having filaments below attenuate, curved and glabrous, and above stupose-barbate. This

description does not apply and cannot be accepted as applying to the stamen filaments in S,

caespitosa or S. umbellata. In these species the relevant parts are attenuate-fusiform and shortly

papillate-barbellate throughout except near the tip and base. I therefore reject my earlier

lectotypification by an element that is at variance with the generic diagnosis in favour of an

element that is in perfect agreement with it (ICBN, Art. 8). I now select Stypandra glauca as

nievehodsltney eens uiecantts hadi dete ine Beet eee

11]

lectotype, a type that, on reflection, is the obvious basis for Brown’s name Stypandra and

basis of the generic diagnosis and the major part of his generic description. Many parts of his

diagnosis and description, however, apply equally to Stypandra and Thelionema.

In summary then, I now consider the nomenclature and essential synonomy for this

group of species to be as follows:

Stypandra R.Br. (1810). Type: Stypandra glauca R.Br. (lecto — here designated)

Styponema Salisb. (1866). Type: Stypandra glauca R.Br. (lecto — here designated)

Stypandra subgenus Styponema Baker (1873). Type: Stypandra glauca R.Br. (holo)

Agrostocrinum F.Muell., Fragmenta 2: 94 (1860). Type: Agrostocrinum stypandroides

F.Muell. (= A. scabrum (R.Br.) Baillon, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 142:1119 (1894):

Stypandra scabra R.Br.)

Thelionema R. Henderson (1985). Type: Thelionema caespitosum (R.Br.) R. Henderson:

Stypandra caespitosa R.Br.

Stypandra subgenus Eustypandra Baker (1873), nom. reject. Type: not designated

(Stypandra caespitosa R.Br. or Stypandra umbellata R.Br.)

The three genera may be distinguished as follows:

Flowers nodding: stamen filaments glabrous below middle, stupose-barbate

in upper half: seed lenticular with margins ridged, dull black

Flowers held erect: stamen filaments glabrous or + papillose-barbellate

throughout: seed laterally compressed with margins rounded, shiny or glossy

ae ee ee ee 2 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee

Buds setose: tepals thickened towards base, upper portions thin and

deciduous: stamen filaments glabrous: anthers shortly appendaged near

TLS tS: STALE TALE oo okt ale Marien b biate eo bt ncaa eaetece Dic eoaracdcal eochiack o ala ntae aatruune Opticon Agrostocrinum

Buds glabrous: tepals uniformly thin throughout, marcescent: stamen

filaments glabrous only at tip and base: anthers without appendages,

LECUTVER ALLEH-GENISCEN CE cite wise ales sielaty valgip's nares eM alatalclelanw ain't geen edi 6 Nae’ y tons Thelionema

Acknowledgement

I am grateful to my colleague Prof. H.T. Clifford, University of Queensland, for useful

discussion on the taxonomy of this group of species.

References

BAKER, J.G. (1876). Stypandra. Revision of the Genera and Species of Anthericeae and Eriospermeae. Journal of the

Linnean Society, Botany 158: 355-356.

BENTHAM, G. & J.D. HOOKER (1883). Stypandra. Genera Plantarum 3:794—795.

HENDERSON, R.J.F. in Henderson R.J.F. & H.T. Clifford (1984). A recircumscription of the Phormiaceae Agardh.

Taxon 33(3):423-427. us

SALISBURY, R.A. (1866). The genera of plants. A fragment containing part of Liriogamae. John Van Voorst: London.

Austrobaileya 2(2): 112-125 (1985)

A REVISION OF FONTAINEA HECKEL (EUPHORBIACEAE -

CLUYTIEAE)

by L.W. Jessup and G.P. Guymer

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

The genus fFontainea Heckel is reviewed and four species, F. australis, F. oraria, F. rostrata and F. venosa, are described

as new for Australia. F. pancheri (Baillon) Heckel is confined to New Caledonia and is deleted from the flora of Australia

and New Guinea,

The genus Fontainea Heckel is presently known to occur in Australia, New Guinea,

New Caledonia and Vanuatu (New Hebrides). Heckel (1870) circumscribed the genus as having

one species, fF. pancheri (Baillon) Heckel. Australian material of Fontainea was referred to

this species by Bentham (1873) and Bailey (1902). C.T. White (1933) described a second species

(F’. picrosperma) from north-east Queensland and recently Airy Shaw (1974, 1980a, 1980b)

has reviewed the genus in Australia and New Guinea. Airy Shaw placed the New Guinea and

south-east Queensland specimens under FP. pancheri although suggesting that “*. . . they show

small differences among thernselves and could perhaps deserve varietal recognition... but

probably not specifically distinct’’.

Our interest in this genus arcse when in July 1981 we collected from north-east New

South Wales a rainforest specimen o/ a species unknown to us. We later confirmed that it was

from a species of Fontainea new to science. Subsequent collecting and examination of existing

herbarium material showed that the genus was in need of a critical review. Four new species

irom eastern Australia are recognised as a result of this study. They are clearly distinct from

F., pancheri under which Australian specimens of two of them (Ff. rostrata and F. venosa) were

previcusly placed. The other two species, F. australia and F. oraria, are known only from our

collections made during the study.

Although living plants of most species were studied, the leaf descriptions are based on

dried material. Floral and fruit measurements given in the key and the descriptions are based

on material preserved in spirit. Inflorescence terminology follows that of Briggs and Johnson

(1979), leaf terminology follows that of Hickey (1973) and ecological terminology follows that

of Webb (1978).

FONTAINEA

Fontainea Heckel, Etude au point de vue botanique et thérapeutique sur le Fontainea pancheri

(nobis), pp. 9 & 10 (1870). Thése Faculté de Medecine de Montpellier. Type: Fontainea pancheri

(Baillon) Heckel, based on Baloghia pancheri Baillon.

Dioecious or rarely monoecicus shrubs or trees with watery, reddish, brownish or

orange bark exudate. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, entire. Crystal-idioblasts in mesophyll

visible as translucent dots and pustules on adaxial surface. Petiole sometimes geniculate at

base and apex. Glands 2, sometimes | or absent, at base of lamina or at junction with petiole,

mostly flat, sometimes raised and marginal. Stipules minute or obsolete. Inflorescence

anthotelic, sometimes the median flowers aborted, terminal and/or axillary through failure

of apical bud, variously reduced from metabotryoids to monads, most frequently botryoid,

sometimes sciadoid. Prophylls, metaxyphylls and pherophylls alternate, subopposite or

pseudowhorled. Anthopodia variable, sometimes articulate, rarely much reduced or absent.

Calyx shallowly 4-6-lobed, cupuliform, irregularly splitting from 2 or more sinuses to near

base at anthesis. Petals 4-6, free, imbricate in bud. Disc annular, fleshy. Male flowers: stamens

18-32; filaments outwardly curved, basally connate and appearing as a densely pilose, convex

receptacle; anthers dorsifixed extrorse. Female flowers: ovary (2-)3-5S-—locular with 1 ovule

1i3

per locule, glabrous or villous. Styles basally connate; stigmas as many as locules, deeply

bilobed, + spreading, verrucate-colliculate and red-brown above, + appressed pubescent

below towards style. Fruit drupaceous; sarcocarp + fleshy; endocarp bony with a central

basal foramen and (2-)3-S longitudinal sutures usually confluent with longitudinal ridges which

correspond to the original locules of the ovary; i--locular and 1-seeded due to expansion of 1

ovule, the others crushed against inner wall of endocarp. Intersutural faces of endocarp ridged,

grooved, textured or smooth, each with a subapical foramen and sometimes scattered vascular

foramina. Seed with membranous testa and abundant endosperm; cotyledons broad, flat.

Germination by splitting at longitudinal sutures, phanerocotylar.

The genus consists of six species, of which five are endemic in eastern Australia and

one is endemic in New Caledonia. Four additional taxa, one from Papua New Guinea and

three from New Caledonia and Vanuatu, are insufficently known to us for taxonomic

placement. The known distribution of the genus is given in Map 1.

150} 160° | 176 oO

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NEW a SS *

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CALEDONIA ,

AUSTRALIA

Map 1. Distribution of Fontainea.

Key to Species

1. Ovary glabrous; endocarp with scattered vascular foramina as well

as basal and subapical foramina

si Cheat wala einllOt areata bcnale eatalesctre arena shte tld ars teed Seles aiebeee Lea 2

Ovary villous; endocarp with only a central basal foramen and 2-5

subapical foramina MSdalile leh, ton tlaes eee awh adie at aetna exceeds saints maadal taacetalnealtd eval tee btas sates 3

2. Endocarp ridged; scattered foramina numerous, + conspicuous.

INOW SC ARSCONID 1p 6 coer y enevestesnes pha. Wie ung sapdsusd wad estes ul cltaaters Lite tetaieteteaton (6) F. pancheri

Endocarp subglobular or obtusely (3-) 4— or r 5- angular; scattered

foramina few, inconspicuous. SE Qld woo... ceeeccesececeees sald desks oa eit (5) F. venosa

114

3. Disc of male flower c. 0.3 mm high; filaments connate to 2 mm above top of

disc. Base of lamina attenuate and + decurrent with petiole; petiole not

geniculate or swollen at apex. Endocarp with a 2-3 mm

lone apical beaks SE idk ij saseiecccssasiveed ges erereyraPetieayyieeadaesydseauans hes (i) F. rostrata

Disc of male flower 0.8—1.2 mm high, filaments connate 0.4-1 mm above top

of disc. Base of lamina cuneate; petiole swollen and +

geniculate at apex. Endocarp not prominently beaked ......... cece ccs cce acc ccnecucseveveceens 4

4. Endocarp (4—)5-ridged. Leaves appressed pilose along midvein on

TCO SIE: INE ORGS, exe cy wesc aias'e see cesatlse coud validailsd uuwestveunedéd bokines eas (2) F. picrosperma

Endocarp (2~—)3-ridged. Leaves glabrous. NE N.S.W. voce cece ccenecersceenenneeeceeauees 5

5. Endocarp smooth, not grooved on intersutural faces. Female floral axes 15-

22 mm long; male floral axes 7-12 mm long. Basilaminar

glands 5-22 mm above base Of lamina ...........ccccscevcececsecesceauseseeueees (3) F. australis

Endocarp rugose and medially grooved on intersutural faces. Female floral

axes 8-10 mm long; male floral axes 5-6 mm long.

Basilaminar glands 0.5-4 mm above base of lamina. ...........ccceeeeeeeeeenens (4) F. oraria

1. Fontainea rostrata Jessup & Guymer, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor usque 7 m alta. Folia obovata vel oblanceolata, acuminata vel obtusa.

Glandes laminarum planae, ellipticae vel oblongae, submarginales vel inter marginem et

midvenum + mediae, c. 2-5 mm supra basin. Ovarium villosum. Fructus sarcocarpo molliter

carnoso, 5—10 mm crasso, rubro praeditus. Endocarpus 3-4-sulcatus secus suturas; superfices

intersuturales rugosae, + planae ubi endocarpus 3-angulatus, concavae ubi endocarpus 4-

angulatus, 20-23 mm longae, 12-13 mm latae, porca mediana plerumque extensa ultra

foraminem subapiculem et elevata supra id instructae. Typus: S.F. 502, Veteran L.A., c. 15

km N of Gympie, 7 Jan 1983, Guymer 1842 & Jessup (°) (BRI, holo; A. BRI, CANB, K, L,

MEL, NSW, iso).

Shrub or tree to 7 m. Innovations appressed pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves obovate

or oblanceolate, acuminate or obtuse, chartaceous; lamina (2.5-)6-9(-13) cm long, (1-)2.5-

4(-5.6) cm wide, glabrous; base attenuate and + decurrent with petiole; secondary veins 6-8

pairs with intersecondaries nearly as prominent; tertiary venation reticulate. Basilaminar glands

flat, elliptic or oblong, submarginal or + midway between margin and midvein, c. 2-5 mm

above base of lamina. Petiole slightly swollen at base, shallowly channeled above, 3-13 mm

long. Male inflorescence a terminal or axillary botryoid or partially or wholly reduced to a

metaxymonad. Floral axes articulate or not, 1-12 mm long, prophylls vestigal or absent.

Metaxyphylls caducous. Buds subglobular. Calyx 4-6-partite, appressed pubescent outside,

glabrous inside. Petals (4-)S(-6), ovate or narrowly ovate, + recurved, 4-7 mm long, 2.8-

3.8 mm wide, shortly velutinous or sericeous outside, velutinous inside. Disc inconspicuous,

c. 0.3 mm high, 2.4 mm diam, with shallow, narrow, irregular slits, glabrous. Stamens 28-

32, connate to 2 mm above top of disc; free portion of filaments 2.5-3 mm long, apically

glabrous, basally villous. Female inflorescence a botryoid often reduced to 3 or fewer flowers.

Prophylls present or absent. Metaxyphylls sometimes present on main axis. Anthopodia

sometimes absent, the prophylls partly fused to hypanthium. Floral axes not articulate, 5.5-

12 mm long, puberulous. Buds ovoid. Calyx 4-6-partite, appressed pubescent outside,

glabrous inside, often later detaching from base of flower as a ring. Petals oblong, 7-8 mm

long and 3-4 mm wide, appressed pubescent outside, villous tnside at base grading to velutinous

towards apex. Disc c. 0.4 mm high, 2.5 mm diam., + irregularly crenulate, pilose. Ovary

ovoid, 3~(4)-locular, densely villous with antrorse hairs. Styles c. 0.5mm long. Fruit

subglobular or depressed globular, 27-30 mm long, 25-30 mm wide; sarcocarp puberulous,

shallowly 3- or 4-grooved, soft-fleshy, 5-10 mm thick, red; endocarp 3- or 4-ridged at sutures;

intersutural faces rugose, + flat 1f 3-angled, concave if 4-angled, 20-23 mm long, 12-13 mm

wide, with a median ridge that usually extends and is raised over the subapical foramen. Fig.

Queensland. Wipe BAy District: S.F. 502 Home L.A., c. 18 km N of Gympie, 7 Jan 1983, Guymer 1840 & Jessup (2)

(A, BRI, NE, NOU, QRS); S.F. 502 Veteran L.A., c. 15 km NNE of Gympie, 7 Jan 1983, Guymer 1842 & Jessup (°)

(A, BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL, NSW); Guymer 1843 & Jessup ($) (A, BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL, NE, NOU, NSW, QRS),

6 Jan 1982, Haines (°) (BRI, CANB), 4 Feb 1982, Haines (2) (BRI, 29 Nov 1973, Henderson (2) (4) (BRD, 10 May

1977, Henderson (2) (BRD; Gympie, in 1906, Kenny (2) (BRI).

LPP ie paket rithales ide Src erate yeu dt flat te song han PUTED VSWSPROREESSE EMS SET AEA EM EL A

odie edt ay ithe hinel indy en inhi tide Ti LIA ae ake BE Wiekdss Ad Adare

dat Nt a ttt th,

Porter a Me See

SHEERS

ie SYA

Peet |

arhinltthand a a sts

Fig. 1. Fontainea rostrata: A. habit with fruit (Afaines, 4 Feb 1982) x 1. B. habit with male flowers (Guymer 1843 &

Jessup) x £, C, habit with female Flowers (Guyer 1842 & Jessup) x 1. DB. endocarp: D1, side view; D2, apical view

(Haines, 4 Feb 1982) x 1.

116

Habitat: It is known only from a few localities in the Gympie district in notophyll vine forest

on soil derived from metamorphic rocks. Map 2.

This species differs from F. venosa and F. pancheri by the villous ovary and from all

other species by the prominently beaked endocarp and non-geniculate petiole.

2. Fontainea picrosperma C. White, Contrib, Arn. Arbor. 4:55 (1933). Type: Boonjie,

Atherton Tableland, 9 Oct. 1929, S.F. Kajewski 1262 (holo: BRI, iso: A).

Tree to 25 m. Innovations sericeous. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowly obovate or elliptic,

acuminate, chartaceous; lamina (4-)7—15(-19) cm long, (i-)2-5(-6) cm wide, glabrescent or

glabrous except for adpressed pilose veins on undersurface; base obtusely cuneate or rounded;

secondary veins mostly 8-12 pairs; tertiary and higher order venation reticulate. Basilaminar

glands on underside, marginal, raised, 1.5-5 mm from base of lamina. Petiole 10-40 mm

long, mostly flat on upper surface sometimes with lateral ridges, slightly swollen at apex and

base. Male inflorescence mostly terminal, metabotryoid or botryoid, densely sericeous. Floral

axes 4-6 mm long, articulate; prophylls usually present. Metaxyphylls caducous. Buds

subglobular-ovoid. Calyx 2~ or 3-partite to base at anthesis, serceous outside, glabrous inside.

Petals 5(4), oblong-obovate, obtuse, + recurved, 5-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, sericeous

outside, velutinous inside. Disc undulate or lobed, 0.7-1 mm high, c. 2.5 mm diam., glabrous

outside, villous inside. Stamens 25-30, connate to c. 0.5 mrn above top of disc, free portion

of filaments 1.5-2.5 mm long, apically glabrous, basally villous. Female inflorescence mostly

terminal, botryoid, densely sericeous. Floral axes 3-14 mm long, not articulate; prophylls

usually present, + caducous. Metaxyphylls caducous. Buds ovoid. Calyx 2— or 3—partite to

base at anthesis, sericeous outside, glabrous inside. Petals 5 or 6, oblong-obovate, obtuse, +

recurved, 7-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, sericeous outside, velutinous inside. Disc 0.6-0.8 mm

high, 3 mm diam., undulate, glabrous. Ovary ovoid, 5(4)-locular, densely villous with antrorse

hairs. Styles c. 0.8 mm long. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, 4- or 5-lobed when dry, 25 mm long,

20 mm wide; sarcocarp puberulous, fleshy, 6-8 mm thick, apricot or pink. Endocarp shortly

beaked, bluntly 4- or 5-ridged at sutures, 13-15 mm wide; intersutural faces concave, smooth,

20-25 mm long, 7-10 mm wide. Fig. 2.

Queensland. Coox District: Malanda, 30 Dec 1980, Hinton 138 (2) (BRD; Gadgarra and Ghurka Pocket, 5 Sep 1957,

Smith 10158 (¢) (BRD; S.F.R. 310 Windin L.A., 8 Oct 1973, Hyland 6914 (2) (BRI), 6921 (°) (BRD, 6 Dec 1973, Hyland

7156 (2) (A, BRI), 7 Oct 1974, Hyland 7727 (2) (BRI), 7728 (¢) (BRD; S.F.R. 310 Swipers L.A., 4 Dec 1961, Volk 2186,

Martin & Hyland (2) (BRI); Boonjee, near Malanda, 18 Sep 1929, Kajewski 1197 (A, BRD, 9 Oct 1929, Kajewski 1262

(¢) (A, BRD, Sep 1971, Moriarty 810 (¢) (BRI), 12 Aug 1947, Smith 3279 (2) (BRI), in 1965, Webb & Tracey 6549

(BRIE), Jan 1923, Whife (BRI; T.R. 1230, Boonjie L.A., 11 Jan 1983, Gray 2914 (2) (BRD, 8 Oct 1973, Hyland 6913

(4) (BRD; c. 4 miles past Lamins Hill on Ghurka Pocket Road, 21 Oct 1962, Smith 12086 (¢) (BRI); Glenailyn, Hayes

(?) (BRD); Foothills, Mt. Bartle Frere, 1 Oct 1929, Kawjewski 1253 (A, BRI); Tarzali, 7 Nov 1981, Tucker 22 (4) (BRD,

24 Nov 1981, Tucker 77 (2) (BRD; Keough’s Scrub, Herberton, 20 Nov 1973, Hartley 14013 & Hyland (2) (BRD; 14104

(3), 22 Sep 1971, Hyland 5527 (¢) (A, BRD, 20 Nov 1973, Hyland 7110 (2) (BRD; Kaban, c. 14.4 km N of Ravenshoe,

27 Sep 1950, Smith 467 (BRD).

Habitat: It occurs in complex mesophyll vine forest on the Atherton Tableland and adjacent

foothills between 700-1100 m.

The following specimens from Papua New Guinea have a + geniculate petiole similar

to that found in F. picrosperma, F. australis and F. oraria: L.S. Smith N.G.F. 1030, Streiman

& Kairo LAE 51548, This character alone precludes placement of them under F. pancheri as

suggested by Airy Shaw (1974). These specimens almost certainly represent a further unnamed

taxon. Additional collections are needed to confirm this. We have not seen the specimen

Stauffer & Sayers 5608 grouped by Airy Shaw with F. pancheri.

3. Fontainea australis Jessup & Guymer, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor usque 5 m alta. Folia elliptica vel obovata vel oblanceolata, acuminata

vel caudata. Glandes laminarum planae, ellipticae, submarginales c. 5-22 mm supra basin.

Axes florales 7-12 mm longae in masculis, 15-22 mm longae in femineis. Ovarium villosum,

fructus sarcocarpo molliter carnoso, 4-7 mm crasso, rubro praeditus. Endocarpus acute 3-

porcatus secus suturas: superficies intersuturales convexae laeves, 17-18 mm longae, 12-

13 mm latae. Typus: Oxley River (Middle Arm Creek), just beyond end of Butlers Road, NW

of Tyalgum, 26 Dec 1981, Jessup 459 (2) (BRI, holo; A, BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL, MO, NE,

NOU, NSW, QRS, iso).

hg danetinntaniety ene as bane uennee beta ahah g SMe Rea SESE ERE Se PA eh edi ee ee ET eS

eteteatee ee Tet ctr ee eS

wey intasobssnann tetas cece Bo SE a Se Baas eee

wey)

Awe ft

‘ '

Fig. 2. Fontainea picrosperma: A. habit with female flowers (Hyland 7727) x 1. B. endocarp; B1, side view; B2, apical

view (White, Jan 1923) x 1. C. habit with male flowers (Hyland 7728) x 1.

Fig. 3. Fontainea australis: A. female flower (Jessup 459) x 6. B. habit with female flowers (Jessup 459) x 1. C. detail

of leaf gland (Jessup 459) x 6. D. habit with fruit (Jessup 459) x 1. E. endocarp; El, sideview; E2, apical view (/essup

459) x 1. F. habit with male flowers (Jessup 460) x 1. G. male flower (Jessup 460) x 6.

sy Sgeniceerpe ayy alte cs SE ese ave Sen become eee oe

119

Shrub or tree to 5 m. Innovations appressed pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves elliptic,

obovate or oblanceolate, acuminate to caudate, chartaceous; lamina (3-)6-9(—14) cm long,

(1.5-)2-3.5(-5) cm wide, glabrous; base acute-cuneate; secondary veins 6~8(~9) pairs,

frequently with intersecondaries; tertiary veins reticulate. Basilaminar glands flat, elliptic,

submarginal, c. 5-22 mm above base of lamina. Petiole + geniculate and slightly swollen at

base and apex, shallowly channeled to flat above, 5~21 mm long. Male inflorescence a terminal

botryoid or partially or wholly reduced to a metaxymonad. Floral axes 7-12 mm long,

articulate; prophylis vestigal. Buds subglobular-ovoid. Calyx 3-4(-5)-partite, sparsely

appressed puberulous outside, glabrous or with a few hairs inside. Petals 4 or 5, ovate, acute,

+ recurved, 4-5 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, sericeous outside, velutinous inside. Disc undulate,

1-1.2 mm high, 2.8 mm diam., villous. Stamens 18-23, connate to 0.6 mm above top of disc;

free portion of filaments 2.5-3.3 mm long, apically glabrous, basally villous. Female

inflorescence a metaxymonad or reduced metaxytriad with one side-flower absent. Floral axes

rarely articulate, very sparsely puberulous or glabrous, 15-22 mm long, metaxyphylls and

pherophylis caducous. Buds ovoid. Calyx 2- or 3-partite, sparsely appressed puberulous

outside, glabrous inside. Petals 4 or 5, ovate, 4-6 mm long, 3.2-4.8 mm wide, velutinous

outside and inside. Disc entire, c. 0.6 mm high, 2.5 mm diam., pilose. Ovary ovoid, 3-locular,

densely villous with antrorse hairs. Styles c. 0.5 mm long. Fruit broadly ovoid, 27 mm long,

23 mm wide; sarcocarp puberulous, 3-grooved near apex, soft-fleshy, 4-7 mm thick, red.

Endocarp sharply 3-ridged at sutures, intersutural faces convex, smooth, 17-18 mm long, 12-

13 mm wide. Fig. 3.

New South Wales: NorTtTH Coast: Oxley River (Middle Arm Creek), just beyond the end of Butler’s Road, NW of

Tyalgum, 26 Dec 1981, Jessup, 459 (2) (BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL, MO, NE, NOU, NSW, QRS) & 460 (¢) (BRI, CANB,

K, L, MEL, MO, NE, NOU, NSW, QRS), 7 Jul 1981, Jessup 410 & Guymer (2) (BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL, NE, NOU,

NSW).

Habitat: It is known only from a small population on private property adjacent to Limpinwood

Nature Reserve, NW of Tyalgum, in complex notophyll vine forest on soil derived from basalt.

Map 2.

This species is most closely related to F. oraria and differs by having a smooth endocarp,

longer floral axes and more distal gland placement.

4. Fontainea oraria Jessup & Guymer, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor usque 5 m alta. Folia elliptica vel vix obovata, breve acuminata,

interdum obtusa. Glandes laminarum planae ellipticae, submarginales, 0.5-4 mm supra basin.

Axes florales 5-6 mm longae in masculis, 8-10 mm longae in femineis. Ovarium villosum.

Fructus sarcocarpo molliter carnoso, 4-7 mm crasso, rubro praeditus. Endocarpus acute

(2~)3-porcatus secus suturas; superficies intersuturales convexae rugosae, longitudinaliter

sulcatae, 15-18 mm longae, 14-16 mm latae. Typus: 0.5 km W of Boulder Beach, just S of

Lennox Head, 26 Dec 1982, L.W. Jessup 556 (2) (BRI, holo; A, BRI, CANB, K, L, MEL,

MO, NE, NOU, NSW, QRS, iso).

Shrub or tree to 5 m. Innovations appressed pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves elliptic or

scarcely obovate, shortlyacuminate, sometimes obtuse, chartaceous;lamina(3 — )6 — 9(— 13) cm

long, (1.3-)2.5-4{-6) cm wide, glabrous; base obtuse or acute-cuneate, sometimes shortly

attenuate; secondary veins 6-9 pairs, frequently with intersecondaries; tertiary veins reticulate.

Basilaminar glands flat, elliptic, submarginal, 0.5-4 mm above base of lamina. Petiole +

geniculate and slightly swollen at base and apex, shallowly channeled to flat above, 3-25 mm

long. Male inflorescence a terminal or axillary metabotryoid or botryoid, sometimes reduced

to a metaxymonad. Prophylls and metaxyphylls vestigal or absent. Floral axes articulate, 5-

6 mm long, sparsely appressed puberulous. Buds subglobular. Calyx 3-5-partite, sparsely

appressed puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Petals 4 or 5, ovate, acute or obtuse, +

recurved, 4-4.5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, sericeous outside, velutinous inside. Disc undulate,

c. 1 mm high, 2.5 mm diam., villous. Stamens 20-24, connate to 0.4 mm above top of disc;

free portion of filaments 1-2.5 mm long, apically glabrous, basally villous. Female

inflorescence a terminal botryoid often reduced to 2 or 3 flowers. Prophyils and metaxyphylls

vestigal or absent. Floral axes not articulate, 8-10 mm long, appressed puberulous. Buds ovoid.

Calyx 4- or 5-partite, appressed puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Petals 4 or 5, ovate,

5.2-6 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, velutinous outside, sericeous inside near base, velutinous

towards apex. Disc entire, c. 0.7 mm high, 3 mm diam., pilose. Ovary broadly ovoid to

subglobular, (2—)3-locular, densely villous with antrorse hairs. Styles to 0.2 mm long. Fruit +

Uf,

‘

Fig. 4. Fontainea oraria: A. habit with fruit (Guymer 1874) x 1. B. habit with male flowers (Jessup 557) x 1. C.

endocarp; Cl, side view; C2, apical view (Jessup 556) x 1. D. seedjing x 1. E. cotyledon x 1. F. T.S. of ovary, 1.

mesocarp, 2. endocarp differentiating after fertilisation, 3. testa, 4. endosperm, 5. embryo (Jessup 557) x 12. G. habit

with female flowers (Jessup 557) x 1.

[2 |

globular or depressed globular, 18-22 mm long, 22-24 mm wide, puberulous, shallowly 6-

grooved; sarcocarp soft-fleshy, 4-7 mm thick, red. Endocarp sharply (2-)3-ridged at sutures;

intersutural faces convex, rugose, longitudinally and medially grooved, 15-18 mm long, 14-

16 mm wide. Fig. 4.

New South Wales. NortH Coast: 0.5 km W of Boulder Beach, just S of Lennox Head, 10 Nov 1983, Guyrier 1871 (2)

(BRI, CANB, NE, NSW), 26 Dec 1982, Jessup 556 (2) (A, BRI, CANB K, L, MEL, MO, NE, NOU, NSW QRS), 557

(2) (BRI, NSW), 8 Nov 1982, Jessup 504 & Guymer (BRI, NSW, NE), Jessup 505 & Guymer (BRI, NSW, NE).

Habitat: It is known only from a very small population (c. ten mature plants) in a coastal

form of notophyll vine forest dominated by Cupaniopsis anacardioides, Guioa semiglauca

and A/eciryon coriaceus on a hillside south of Lennox Head. The soil is derived from the

abundant loose basaltic rock that occurs in the area. Map 2.

This species is most closely related to F. australis and differs by having a rugose and

grooved endocarp, shorter floral axes and more proximal gland placement.

Sige

pf OGynwite

O Kilcoy

BRISBANE /

Beenleigho

ne |

“ Pie a?

a ( a Pa

J YON TAL Lt Murwillumbah

Pad

{

)

‘ Lismore©O A

“™\ jru? 0 5Okm

———— a |

Map 2. Distribution of Fonfainea in SE Queensland and NE New South Wales. F. rostrata (Wb); F. australis (@); F.

oraria (4); F. venosa (x).

[22

al ee

5. Fontainea venosa Jessup & Guymer, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor usque 18 m alta. Folia obovata, rotunda apice. Venatio conspicua.

Glandes laminarum leviter elevatae marginales, ad juncturam petioli et laminae. Ovarium

glabrum. Fructus sarcocarpo solide carnoso, 2 mm crasso, aurantiaco praeditus. Endocarpus

subglobulo-ellipsoideus; superficies intersuturales leviter complanatae igitur endocarpus valde

obtuse (3-)4-S5-angulatus ad suturas videtur, 15-24 mm longae, 12-17 mm latae, laeves

foraminibus vascularibus dispersis instructae. Typus: Bahr’s Hill, S of Beenleigh, 7 Aug 1984,

Williams 84060 (2) (BRI, holo; BRI, CANB, K, L, MO, NOU, NSW, iso).

Shrub or tree to 18 m. Innovations appressed pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves obovate

to oblanceolate, mostly rounded at apex, subcoriaceous; lamina (2.5-)S-9.5(-14) cm long,

(1.2-)2-4.5(-5.5) cm wide, glabrous: base narrowly cuneate to attentuate; venation

conspicuous; secondary veins 7-9 pairs, sometimes with intersecondaries, tertiary and higher

order venation reticulate. Basilaminar glands slightly raised, elliptic, marginal, at junction of

lamina margin and petiole, rarely one or both glands absent. Petiole slightly swollen at base,

shallowly channeled, sometimes flat above, 3-13 mm long. Male inflorescence terminal,

botryoid, sometimes reduced. Floral axes not articulate, 1.5-3 mm long, pubescent; prophylls

present or absent, sometimes connate with base of calyx. Metaxyphylls caducous. Buds

subglobular. Calyx 3-5(-6)-partite, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Petals 4-6, ovate, 3.5-

4.5 mm long, 2.5-—3 mm wide, sericeous outside, lanate inside. Disc undulate, c. 0.7 mm high,

2.2 mm diam., glabrous. Stamens 20-24, connate to 1 mm above top of disc; free portion of

filaments 0.2-0.5 mm long, apically glabrous, basally villous. Female inforescence terminal,

of 1-4 flowers. Floral axes not articulate, 1.5-2 mm long, prophylls sometimes present.

Metaxyphylls caducous. Buds ovoid. Calyx 3-5—partite, appressed puberulous outside,

glabrous inside. Petals 4 or 5, ovate, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, sericeous outside,

lanate inside. Disc undulate, 0.7 mm high, 2 mm diam., glabrous. Ovary subglobular-ovoid,

(3-)4- or 5-locular, glabrous. Styles c. 0.5 mm long. Fruit subglobular-ellipsoid, 20-26 mm

long, 17-26 mm wide; sarcocarp glabrous, firm-fleshy, 3-6 mm thick, yellow-orange.

Endocarp subglobular-ellipsoid; intersutural faces slightly flattened hence endocarp appears

very bluntly (3-)4- or 5-angled at sutures, 15-24 mm long, 12-17 mm wide, smooth with

scattered vascular foramina. Subapical foramina slit-like or circular. Fig. 5.

Queensland. WIDE BAy DISTRICT: Forestry reserve 124, Glastonbury, Jan 1934, Jennings (2) (BRI). MoRETON District:

Bahr’s Scrub, S of Beenleigh, 12 June 1983, Guymer 1861 (4) (BRI, CANB, NSW); Bahr’s Hill, S of Beenleigh 5 Apr

1984, Jessup 583 & Guymer (2) (BRI); 7 Aug 1984, Leiper (¢) (BRI, K, L, MEL, NOU); 7 Aug 1984, Williams 84060

(2) (BRI, CANB, K., L, MO, NOU, NSW); Logan, Mar 1898, F. W. Peek (2) (BRD; without date, Eaves (BRI): Kilcoy,

without collector and date (¢) (MEL).

Habitat: [t occurs in notophyll vine forest with a mean annual rainfall of 1000-1100 mm on

soils derived from and containing abundant andesitic rocks. We know of only one population

of this taxon, SW of Beenleigh c. 30 km SE of Brisbane. The populations from Kilcoy and

Glastonbury have not been relocated, Map 2.

This species differs from F. pancheri by its subglobular or obtusely 4— or 5—-angled

endocarp and few scattered foramina. It differs from all other species by the glabrous ovary.

Bentham (1873) referred the Kilcoy specimen to Baloghia pancheri as ‘‘a single specimen

agreeing precisely with a specimen in Herb. Hook. from New Caledonia’’. Bailey (1902)

followed Bentham’s determination when he referred the Logan specimens to this species. In

‘ars mente of fruit PF. pancheri and F. venosa are indeed very similar, and we believe, closely

related.

6. Fontainea pancheri (Baillon) Heckel, Etude sur le Fontainea pancheri. Thése Faculté de

Médecine de Montpellier (1870). Based on Baloghia pancheri Baillon, Adansonia 2:

214 (1861). Syntypes: New Caledonia, Pancher 722; Vietllard 203, 204, 7; Deplanche

487 (all P).

Codiaeum pancheri (Ballion) Muell. Arg., in DC. Prod. 15(2): 1117 (1866).

ws pennant aecbetaca toad ana tn ots an halen de pep tn case ine eR aA AN AR RN ores

pals

eaugipe stan

EAPEEEE

head sa tneenee tetanic

BEATE

inher ene ee

Saleh

See IF i eee

re LA iin >

= ff * —

Tea bden

Mae

RAN |i

ANTE

“SS

ity

“ih

are \

« “y

+. WY *s

aan

= oo

—_,

NK f i ; 4

Ne x

; >

. 7

= pet Shy =

= ~ tet] J

\ SES. Thad

pean gta Rs SBE SE

ae Sy we See ee Ags

= ~ ee +3777 ~=

Fig. 5. Fontainea venosa: A. habit with fruit (Williams 84060) x 1. B. habit with male flowers (Guymer 1861) x 1. C.

detail of leaf glands (Guymer 1861) x 6. D. endocarp; DI, apical view: D2, side view (Jessup 583 & Guymer) x 1. E.

female flower (Jessup 583 & Guymer) x 6.

124

We have ommitted a description of F. pancheri in this paper because we have identified

three taxa amongst the specimens seen from New Caledonia and Vanuatu. These specimens

exhibit a number of differences in the inflorescence and structure of the endocarp. It appears

that more than one of these taxa are represented in the five syntypes of F. pancheri, We have

illustrated the endocarps from representative specimens.

In taxon | the endocarp of Suprin 450 (NOUV) from Koumac is ridged along the sutures

(Fig. 6C, D). Kajewski 906 (A, BRI) from Aneityum Island, Vanuatu, is similar but has an

apical beak. Taxon | is monoecious.

In taxon 2 the endocarp of McKee 402451 (BRI) from Baie Maa is ridged between the

sutures as well as along the sutures (Fig. 6B).

In taxon 3 the endocarp of Schmid 1267 (NOUV) from Lifou is prominently ridged only

between the sutures (Fig. 6A).

Further collections should be examined before formal description of any of these taxa

is published.

te a eB ~

ee ‘a a f 2K copy _—

¢ - A i ee Fo4

i ar 4 . fet > \. ~ i

alge: Kee wy f Pit

a. E ae Yi fe ate ey ai

i e | d ; ae + i . ae \\ ¢ #

i He a has ti 4 ; ot a

ae coh SE ty, “ry a i Le,

pence ie = 4

ry eat Te

ee SE

\ ene

Fig. 6, Fontainea pancheri s.lat. endocarps: upper row, apical view: lower row, side view, A. (Schmid 1267). B.

(MeKee 40251). C. 4-merous; BD, 6-meraus (C & D from Suprin 480).

Conservation Status

The four new species all have restricted distributions and are not known to occur within

national parks or other proclaimed reserves. We would place F, australis and F. oraria under

category 2E of Leigh, Briggs and Hartiey (1981), and F. rostrata and F. venosa under category

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr R. Haines of Gympie, Mr B.P.M. Hyland (QRS), Dr H.S.

McKee of Noumea and the Directors of A, NOU and P for sending us specimens for study.

We are indebted to Mr L. Pedley for preparing the Latin descriptions and Mr R.J.F. Henderson

for comments on the manuscript. The line drawings were prepared by Gillian Rankin and the

maps by Megan Thomas.

125

References

AIRY SHAW, H.K. 1974. The genus Fontainea Heckel in New Guinea. Kew Bulletin 29(2): 326-328.

AIRY SHAW, H.K. 1980a. The Euphorbiaceae of New Guinea. Kew Bulletin Additional Series VIII.

AIRY SHAW, H.K. 1980b. A partial synopsis of the Euphorbiaceae — Platylobeae of Australia (excluding Phyllanthus,

Euphorbia and Calycopeplus). Kew Bulletin 35(3): 632-633.

BAILEY, F.M. 1902. Fontainea in The Queensland Flora 5: 1439-1440. Brisbane: Govt. Printer.

BENTHAM, G. 1873. Baloghia in Flora Australiensis 6: 149. London: Reeve & Co.

BRIGGS, B.G. & JOHNSON, L.A.S. 1979. Evolution in the Myriaceae — evidence from inflorescence structure.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 102(4): 157-256.

HECKEL, E. 1870. Etude sur la Fontainea pancheri. Thése Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier.

HICKEY, L.J. 1973. Classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. American Journal of Botany 60(1): 17-

33.

LEIGH, J., BRIGGS, J. & HARTLEY, W. 1981. Rare or Threatened Australian Plants. Australian National Parks and

Wildlife Service Special Publication No. 7.

WEBB, L.J. 1978. A general classification of Australian rainforests. Australian Plants 9(76): 349-363.

Austrobaileya 2(2): [26-130 (1985)

TWO NEW EPIPHYTIC SPECIES OF L YCOPODIUM

(LYCOPODIACEAE) FROM NORTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND

by D.L. Jones

Currumbin Creek Road, Currumbin Valley, Qid

and B. Gray

48 Loder Street, Atherton, Qid

Summary

Lycopodium lockyeri and L. marstpiiformie are described as new. A key to the ten epiphytic species of Lycopadiuni in

Australia is given.

In the course of studies on the pteridophytes of tropical Australia it became apparent

that two undescribed epiphytic species of Lycopodium occur in north-eastern Queensland.

Both species belong to the subgenus Se/ago.

Lycopodium lockyeri D, Jones et B. Gray, species nova affinis L. carinato Desv. sed foliis

membranaceis, atroviridis, non carinatis et facientibus angulum 60°-80° cum axe

differt. Typus. Cook District: S.F.R. 143, Parish of Riflemead, North Mary Logging

Area, 16° 32°S, 145° 16’E, 30 Aug 1984, B. Gray 3541, 1200 m, epiphyte on side of

granite boulder in shaded, humid position (holotypus, QRS; isotypi, BRI, NSW).

An epiphyte forming dense clumps. Stems at first erect, becoming pendulous as they

lengthen, up to 40 cm long, branching dichotomously 1~4 times in the distal half; sterile portion

about 2 cm diameter including the leaves. Sterile leaves 10-14 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide,

lanceolate to narrow-ovate, thin-textured but firm, dark green, crowded, arranged in 6 rows

in whorls of 3, making a wide angle (60°~-80°) with the axis, decurrent along the stem, the

margins entire, the apex acute to acuminate. Transition from sterile to fertile zone gradual,

the fertile region 4-8 cm long, 4-6 mm diameter. Fertile leaves (sporophylls) 5-7 mm long,

2mm wide, oblanceolate, tapering abruptly in the distal three-quarters, crowded, decurrent,

keeled, imbricate, held at an angle of 35°-40° to the axis, the margins entire, the apex acute.

Sporangia about 1.6 mm across, reniform, bright yellow, situated in the basal one-quarter of

the sporophyll. Fig. 1.

Collections examined. Coox District: S.P.R. 144, Bowerbird Logging Area, Spencer Creek, 16°14'S, [45°O1’E, 1000 m,

Jan 1985, R.L. Lockyer s.n., rainforest, an tree; & RL. Lockyer s.n., growing on granite boulder; S.P.R. 607, Emerald

Logging Area, 17°10’S, 145°40°E, 1200 m, Jul 1971, A.W. Dockril/ 160, rainforest, lithophyte; {all BRI & QRS).

Distribution: North-eastern Queensland between Windsor Tableland and the Lamb Range,

above 1000 m altitude.

Habitat: On trees or rocks in rainforest.

Affinities: L. lockyeri is close to L. carinatum Desy. but differs in its dark green, thinner-

textured leaves which are not keeled. It also has affinities with L. myrtifolium G. Forster but

this species has bright green, almost lustrous sterile leaves which spread at 90° or even more

to the axis. It is superficially similar to L. phlegmaria L. but this species has an abrupt change

between sterile and fertile stem sections.

Etymology: The specific epithet is in honour of Mr Reg Lockyer, log buyer, from Ravenshoe

who discovered this species and has many other notable fern finds to his credit.

Su ecb Sa Svein eno Bo she

10mm

SS x

, N \S

K \ NS %. 10mm

A \ KS

‘ Ne A \

aN jh rn

) KR W A K \

‘ AN

‘A f N

>See

SSS SS eee

rrr,

Fig. 1. Lycopodium lockyeri: A. habit. B. portion of sterile stem. C. sterile leaf (adaxial view). D. & E.

and supporting sporophyll (D, adaxial view; E,

sporangium

side view). F. portion of fertile stem. All drawn from type collection

128

Lycopodium marsupiiforme D. Jones et B. Gray, species nova affinis L. prolifero Blume sed

zona transitionis inter steriles et fertiles sectiones abrupta et sterilibus follis non

carinatis, obtusis et facientibus angulum 45°-90° cum axe differt. Typus. Cook District:

S.F.R. 143, Parish of Riflemead, North Mary Logging Area, 16°32’S, 145°16’E, 3 Jan

1985, B. Gray 3841, 1000 m, rainforest, epiphyte on trunk of tree (holotypus, QRS;

isotypi, BRI, NSW).

Epiphyte forming slender clumps. Stems pendulous, up to 60 cm long, branching

dichotomously once to several times; sterile portion 10-14 mm diam., including the leaves.

Sterile leaves 5-6 mm long, 1.8-2 mm wide, ovate, thin-textured but firm, light green to

yellowish, crowded but not overlapping, arranged in 4 rows in staggered pairs, making an

angle of 45°-90° to the axis, flat and not folded or keeled, decurrent at the base, the margins

entire, the apex obtuse. Transition from sterile to fertile zone abrupt, the fertile region 5-

25 cm long, about 2 mm diameter, once to several times forked. Fertile leaves (sporophylls)

2.5-3.) mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, diamond-shaped to broadly rhombic, with a small pocket

near the base, tapering abruptly in the distal half, crowded, decurrent, keeled, closely imbricate,

held at an angle of less than 25° to the axis, the margins entire, the apex blunt. Sporangia

about 1 mm across, reniform, bright yellow. Fig. 2.

Collections Examined: Cook District: 8.F.R. 144, Parish of Whypalla, Bowerbird Logging Area, 16°15’S, 145°01’E,

1200 m, Jan 1985, B. Gray 3842, rainforest, epiphyte on trunk of tree; S.F.R. 194, Parish of Western, 17°18’S, 145°25’E,

1100 m, Jan 1985, B. Gray 3486, rainforest, epiphyte on trunk of fallen tree; S.F.R. 756, Solomon Logging Area,

17°59’S, 145°40°E, 840 m, Jan 1985, R. Lockyer s.n., rainforest; (all BRI & QRS).

Distribution: North-eastern Queensland between Windsor Tableland and south of the Tully

River, above 800 m altitude.

Habitat: On mossy trees or rocks in high altitude rainforest, often growing in the base of other

epiphytes.

Affinities: L. marsupiiforme is closest to L. proliferum Blume but can be easily distinguished

by its less crowded, blunt, sterile leaves which spread at a wide angle to the stem and also the

sudden transition from the sterile portion to the fertile portion. It also has similarities to L.

phiegmaria L. but has a much more slender growth habit than that species and blunt rather

than pointed leaves.

Etymology: The epithet refers to the small pocket on the sporophylls below the sporangia.

KEY TO THE AUSTRALIAN EPIPHYTIC SPECIES OF LE YCOPODIUM

1. Fertile and sterile leaves similar in shape, size and arrangement ...........ccceeccceccssesuees 2

Fertile and sterile leaves markedly dissimilar ..........cccccccccccececcccsceceuesceseeeeseneuseues 3

2. Whole plant prominently glaucous .........ccccecececesseuceaseessanes L. dalhousieanum Spring

Whole plant yellowish green .......c.ccccccccccccseusvessevevsensenss L. squarrosum G. Forster

3. Transition from sterile to fertile stem section gradual, the fertile leaves

gradually becoming smaller towards the apex of the stem ...........cccescseneceueeceners 4

Transition from sterile to fertile stem section abrupt, all the fertile leaves

of a similar size and much smaller than the sterile ONES ..........cccceccscsccccsceceeeeees 8

4, Sterile leaves less than 5 mm long .........cccceesecesecvsceeeseeuneusnes L. polytrichoides Kaulf.

sterile leaves! more than LO mnt lone nas assseeycessdeduunecedcateev barnes cancer eererdaceaederiaues

5. Fertile leaves spreading and loosely overlapping ............ L. lockyeri D. Jones & B. Gray

Fertile leaves appressed and tightly overlapping

6. Sterile leaves widely spreading at an angle of about 90° to the stem .........ccccecccceveseveres

ach ieee Meee ised 4 bro sealant arash Seale eh ead decd weenie ay element ane aa eae eete redee a L. myrtifolium G. Forster

Sterile leaves not widely spreading, making an angle of 30-45° to the stem ...

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(adaxial view). D, E & F.

sporangium and supporting sporophyll (D, adaxial view; E, side view; F. abaxial view). G. portion of fertile stem. All

Fig. 2. Lycopodium marsupiiforme. A. habit. B. portion of sterile stem. C. sterile leaf

drawn from type collection.

130

7. Sterile leaves thick, rigid, 2 mm wide (lowland species) ...........ccese0e L. carmatum Desv.

Sterile leaves thin-textured, not rigid, 3-4 mm wide (highland species)

Sha neraahinng hace Vuntiniiew 36 Las veluulean ao Gol ep ea naatie bh peayvalensGhelalen Pidead eh eet weld L. proliferum Biume

8. Sterile leaves with a blunt, rounded apex ............ L. marsupiiforme D. Jones & B. Gray

Sterile leaves with an acute OF ACUMINATE APEX 2... ccccssesecnsrcsccscecceuestsceteanvesceeseees 9

9. Sterile leaves in 4 regular, longitudinal rows, spreading at an angle of

about 30° to the Stem ..........ccccceeeeeuresescecestesecucueess L. phlegmarioides Gaudich.

Sterile leaves in a spiral or in whorls, spreading at an angle of 50-90° to

ERE SHC II 6. Bees Ses oe tate keke rev ante slut aanutwn cath see tv riake peace uieaa aed L. phlegmaria L.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Jim Croft of Lae Herbarium and Dr B.S. Parris of Royal Botanic

Gardens, Kew, for checking materials of the new species against their respective collections.

We are also grateful to Reg Lockyer for information and specimens.

eget Sege Pag ie feeeenee ceetetad eet PASE E ADT STS Cp pormeemenm ane eee Tere teat Bt .

PREIS sespunyngdl eshte ene ng a obits A ENE Na MD A ap Rl in A a ae RS pA Wath

Ke he aided be ee * pp abs

ov hohd Sear tot ea ae TEL tart TERNS

Austrobaileya 2(2); [31-146 (1985)

A REVISION OF MELALEUCA L. (MYRTACEAE) IN NORTHERN

AND EASTERN AUSTRALIA, 2.

by N.B. Byrnes

formerly Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane.

Summary

Melaleuca acacioides F, Muell., 4. acuminata F. Muell., MW. angustifolia Gaertner, M. arnhemica Byrnes, M. brassii

Byrnes, Mf. cheetii C. White, MZ, biconvexa Byrnes, M. cornucopiae Byrnes, M. decussata R.Br., Mf. densispicaia Byrnes,

MM. gibbosa Labul., Ad. glomerata F. Muell., Af, halmatorum F. Muell. ex Mig., M. Aypericifolia Smith, M. lasiandra

F, Muell., AZ. dnaritfolia Smith, M. magnifica Specht, M. negiecta Ewart & Wood, M. nedosa (Gaertner) Smith, M4.

squerrosa Donn ex Smith, Ad. syenphyocarpa F. Muell., M4. thymifolia Smith, M. tortifolia Byrnes, M. uncinata R.Br.

and Aq. wilsonii F. Muell. are described and maps of their distributions are given.

This paper is the second of a series. The first was published in Austrobaileya 2: 65-76

(1984). Detailed descriptions of some species whose names were validated in the first part are

given here. The map numbers correspond to the species mumbers.

7. Melaleuca hypericifolia Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 3: 279 (1797); Benth., Fl. Austr.

3: 131 (1867). Type: N.S.W.: Governor A. Phillip per H. Banks, in Smith Herb

(BM),

Shrub to 6 m high. Bark layered, hard or somewhat papery. Branchlets pilose, glabrescent,

angular. Leaves opposite, decussate, biconvex or flat, narrowly elliptical to obovate, obtuse

or acute, cuneate at base, 10-40 mm long, 4-10 mm wide, glabrous, 3-veined with reticulum

visible at least below, oil giands visible below; petiole ca 1 mm long. Inflorescence a many-

flowered, dense, axillary spike; flowers single within each bract; rachis pubescent, elongating

usually after anthesis; bracts ovate to triangular to 10 mm long, deciduous; bracteoles absent.

Calyx tube campanulate, broadening at base along stem axis, ca 2 mm long and wide, glabrous;

lobes semi-elliptical, about 2 mm long, with hyaline margins, glabrous. Petals red, broadly

elliptical, claw usually absent, about 5 mm long, distinctly punctate. Stamens red, glabrous;

claw 12-16 mm long; filaments 16-20 attached to margin near apex of each claw, free part to

14 mm long. Style 22-26 mm long, glabrous; stigma small. Ovary ca 2 mm long, tomentose

above. Fruit broadly ovate to campanulate, to 7 mm long and 9 mm wide, orifice about 5 mm

diam., calyx lobes persistent, woody; usually in a dense spike.

New South Wales, south of Hunter River to near Bega. Commonly cultivated.

Selected specimens. New South Wales: Newport, Dec 1935, Wife 10315 G3RD; The Gib, near Bowral, Jan 1962, C.

Burgess (BRI); roadside between Kioloa & Bawley Pt, Nov 1964, Welker 1352 (NSW, CANB)},

S. Melaleuca linariifolia Smith, Trans. Linn, Soc. 3: 278 (1797); Benth., Fl. Austr. 3: 141

(1867); Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 105): 298, £.12 (1979). Type:

Cultivated in Cambridge, England, from seed from ‘‘Port Jackson”’, N.S.W.

M, trichostachya Lindley in Mitchell, J. Trop. Aust. 277 (1848). Type: Queensland:

Belyando River, in 1846, Mitchell (NSW).

M. stricta Dum. Cours., Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 5: 375 (1811), tide Jackson, Ind. Kew. 2: 188

(1895), nomen nudum.

Metrosideros hyssoptfolia Cav., Icon. 4: 20, t.336 (1797).

Shrub or small tree to 10 m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets pubescent, glabrescent.

Leaves opposite or subopposite, flat commonly concave above, linear or narrowly elliptical,

acute, apiculate, cuneate at base, 10-30 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, pubescent soon glabrescent,

3~veined, midvein usually visible, oil glands sometimes visible; petioles absent or very short.

Inflorescence a many-flowered, usually open terminal or subterminal spike; flowers usually

opposite, solitary within each bract; rachis glabrous or pubescent, growing out about anthesis;

bracts variable, short and ovate to leaflike, mastly deciduous; bracteoles minute, scale-like to

ovate, about 1.5 mm long. Calyx tube turbinate or hemispherical, 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous;

lobes semicircular to triangular, 1-2 mm long without distinct hyaline margins, glabrous.

baw

Petals white, broadly elliptical to nearly circular, with a short narrow claw, 2~3 mm long.

Stamens white, glabrous; claw 4-15 mm long; filaments 30-60 attached to margin and some

on inner surface of upper two-thirds of each claw, free part to 3 mm long. Style 4~7 mm long,

glabrous; stigma capitate. Ovary 1--1.5 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit turbinate or

cylindrical, 2,5-3.5 mm long and wide, orifice 2-3 mm diam.; valves included or exserted:

usually in an open spike.

Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory and north-eastern South Australia.

Melaleuca linartifolia exhibits a wide range of variation in leaf size, bract shape and

size, staminal-claw length, distinctness of leaf venation, oil gland size, fruit shape and the

degree to which the valves are exserted in the fruit. These characters are often grouped so that

many populations have short leaves and stamiinal claws, turbinate fruit with exserted valves

and obscure venation and oil glands, while others have long leaves and staminal claws,

cylindrical fruit with included valves and distinct venation and oil glands, These populations

are so distinct that they have been considered two species, MM. trichostachya for those with the

former set of attributes and M. fnaritfolia for the latter. However there is a continuum between

these populations with many examples of variation in combination of the characters listed

above. Consequently some specimens cannot be referred satisfactorily to either species.

Bentham reduced M. trichostachya to a variety of M. linariifolia. From determinations on

herbarium sheets and literature, indications are that some botanists favour the concept of two

species while others, including S.T. Blake, appear to have regarded all material as a single

entity. Bentham ’s interpretation ts followed here as being the most practical solution in dealing

with the complex group.

Of the characters separating the two varieties the length of the staminal claw 1s the most

consistent. Leaf size is very variable but fruit shape and disposition of the valves can be useful.

Carrick & Chorney listed bract width as a possible diagnostic character but from examination

of many specimens, this was found to be variable and seldom of use as in most cases the bracts

are deciduous.

Melaleuca linarlifolia var. linariifolia is more common in eastern New South Wales but extends

to the south-eastern coastal area of Queensland and to the Blackdown Tableland.

Selected specimens, Queensland: Moreton District: near Salisbury, Oct 1930, Hubbard 4679 (BRI), New South Wales.

Port Macquarie, Nov 1915, Boonnan (BRI, NSW); Tascott, near Gosford, Nov 1982, J. King (BRD.

Melaleuca linariifelia var. trichostachya C.indley) Benth., Fi. Austr. 3: 141 (1867). Based on

M., trichostachya Lindley.

This is the more widely distributed variety in Queensland but extends into western New South

Wales and Northern Territory.

Selected specimens, Northern Territory: Standley Chasm, Alice Springs, Nov 1956, forde 689 (BRI). Queensland: Gregory

North District: Mort River Crossing, 5 km NE of Digby Peaks, Sep 1977, Purdie 1044 (BRI). Cook District: 8-9 miles

north of Stannary Hills, Oct 1971, irvine 83 (BRI). Wide Bay District: Dallarnil, Dec 1939, Saith 623 (BRI).

9, Melaleuca squarrosa Donn ex Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 300 (1802); Benth., Fl. Austr. 3:

139 (1867); Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1, 5: 310, f.19 (1979). Type:

cultivated in Cambridge, England by Donn from seed from Port Jackson (BM).

M, myrttfolia Vent., Jard. Malm. I: 47, t.47 (1804). Type: Cultivated in France from

seed from ‘‘lles de la Mer Du Sud’’.

Shrub or small tree to 1S m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets glabrous or pubescent to

villous, glabrescent. Leaves opposite or subopposite, decussate, flat, ovate to very broadly

ovate, acute to acuminate, almost pungent, broadly attenuate to cordate at base, 5-15 mm

long, 4~7 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent to villous, glabrescent, with 5-7 veins usually visible,

oil glands visible with lens; petioles ca 1 mm long, glabrescent. Inflorescence a many-flowered,

usually dense terminal spike; flowers mostly in triads; rachis villous, growing out after anthesis;

bracts leaflike, semipersistent; bracteoles rarely present, small, caducous. Calyx tube turbinate

to truncate ellipsoid, 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous to villous; calyx lobes ovate to semicircular, to

I mm long, herbaceous. Petals white or tinged pink, ovate to nearly circular with short claw,

1.5~2 mm long, Stamens white or pale yellow, thinly pilose towards base; claw 0.5-2 mm

reve yin Paes SR

133

long; filaments 6~12 attached to margin near apex of each claw; free part to 6 mm long. Style

6-10 mm long (absent in male flowers), glabrous; stigma small. Ovary about 1 mm long,

pubescent above. Fruit cup-shaped, ca 4 mm long and wide, orifice ca 3 mm diam.; calyx

lobes absent; in dense spikes.

south-eastern and southern Australia from Sydney to Kangaroo Island and Tasmania, in

coastal districts and adjoming ranges.

Selected specimens. New South Wales: Campbelltown, Akin G3R1}: Carrington Falls, Robertson District, Jan 1961,

Pulien 2515 (BRi, CANB), Victoria: Halis Gap, Gramptan Mts, Oct 1912, Audas (BRI). Tasmania: Henty River, 12

miles N of Stratham, Nov 1965, PaAillips 15185 (BRD.

10, Melaleuca biconvexa Byrnes, Austrobaileya 2: 74 (1984). Type: 6 miles [10 km] NW of

Morriset, New South Wales, Sep 1959, Stery 6681 (NSW, holo; BRI, iso).

M, pauciflora auct. non Turcz.; Benth., Fl. Austr. 3: 139 (1867).

Shrub or small tree to 10 m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets villous, glabrescent. Leaves

opposite, channelled above, keeled below, convex above on each side of midvein, broadly to

narrowly ovate, acute, sometimes apiculate, shortly cuneate at base, 7-18 mm long, 2~4 mm

wide, villous, soon glabrescent, 1-3 (rarely 5)-veined, midvein conspicuous, ol glands visible

with lens; petiole to | mm long. Inflorescence a few-flowered dense, terminal head or short

spike, flowers single within each bract; rachis shortly pubescent, growing out after anthesis;

bracts ovate, to 3 mm long, thinly pubescent; bracteoles absent. Calyx tube campanulate,

about 2 mm long, glabrous or puberulous; lobes ovate to triangular, 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous

with narrow margins. Petals broadly ovate to nearly circular with distinct narrow claw, 5-

6mm long. Stamens white or pale yellow, glabrous; claw 1-2 mm long; filaments 15-20

attached to upper margin to each claw, free part to 6 mm long. Style 10-12 mm long (absent

in male flowers) pubescent or thinly puberulous; stigma capitate. Ovary 1.5~2 mm long,

pubescent above. Fruit campanulate to urceolate, 4-5 mm long and wide including the

persistent calyx lobes, orifice 2-3 mm diam.; single or few together in clusters.

New South Wales in coastal areas and adjacent tablelands from the Hunter River to Jervis

Bay.

Selected specimens. New South Wales: Swampy Creek, Huskisson Rd, near Naval College turnoff, Sep 1928, Rodway

3309, 3310 (NSW); Gosford, Oct 1888, Deane (NSW) & Fletcher (NSW); Gurimbah to Berkley Vale, Oct 1953, Saiasoo

(NSW); Narara, Oct 1960, McG. 1010 (NSW); Tuggerah, Sep 1903, Boorman (NSW).

Turczaninow described M. pauciflora basing it on Gilbert 40, a collection from Western

Australia, as is stated in the description. Bentham who had not seen this collection based his

description on a collection of McArthur and mistranslated ‘‘Nova Hollandia occidentalis”

from Turczaninow’s description as East Australian. The species described by Turczaninow

differs from the New South Wales species in having axillary not terminal inflorescences and

only seven staminal filaments in each bundle. The name M. pauciflora does not apply therefore

to the New South Wales species. Bentham described M. leptoclada basing it on collections

from Western Australia collected separately by Brown and Drummond. These collections

match the type of AZ. paucifiora Turcz. M. leptociada Benth. (1867) is therefore placed in

synonomy under AZ, pauciflora Turcz. (1847) here.

11. Melaleuca halmaturorum F. Muell. ex Miq., Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 122 (1856); Checi,

Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust. 43: 369 (1919); Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard.

1(5): 294, £.90 (1979). Type: South Australia: Kangaroo Island *‘Ad flumen Three-

Wells-river insulae Halmaturorum’’, H. Heuzenroeder (MEL).

Shrub or small tree to 7 m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchiets glabrous or shortly woolly

pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves opposite or subopposite, decussate, flat or commonly concave

above, recurved, linear-ovate, acute to obtuse, narrowly attenuate at base, 3~9 mm long, I-

2mm wide, glabrous or shortly woolly pubescent, glabrescent early, 3-veined, obscure oil

glands usually visible below with lens; petiole |-2 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence a few-

flowered terminal spike; flowers single within each bract; rachis pubescent growing out after

anthesis; bracts and bracteoles similar, ovate to acuminate, to 3 mm long, woolly pubescent.

Calyx tube cup-shaped to cylindrical, glabrous 2-2.5 mm long; lobes narrowly triangular, 1.5-

2 mm long, glabrous outside without hyaline margins. Petals white, ovate to nearly circular,

134

shortly clawed, to 2 mm fong. Stamens white, glabrous; claw 1.5-2.5 mm long, Niaments 6-

14 attached to margin to each claw near apex, free part to 4 mm long. Style 6-8 mm long,

glabrous; stigma small. Ovary 1-2 mmlong, pubescent above. Fruit cup-shaped, 3-4 mm long

and wide, orifice 2-3 mm diam.; thickened base of calyx lobes present; borne in smal! open

groups.

Western Victoria to Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.

Selected specimens. Victoria: 45 km SSW of Mildura at NW corner of the Raak, Oct 1977, Barnsley 127, Crisp &

Cummings (MEL); about 3% mile [1 km] W of Browns Lake at Cope Cope, Oct 1966, Hiifis (MEL). South Australia:

16 miles [26 km] N of Kingstone, Nov 1963, Stauffer & Eichier 5399 (BRD; Track to Browns Beach, Yorke Peninsula,

Oct 1966, Phillips 31412 (BRD.

The varieties M4, halmaturorum var. enervis F. Muell. ex Miq. and M. halmaturorum

var. tuberculifera F. Muell. ex Mig. are not considered distinct (see Carrick & Chorney).

12. Melaleuca cheelii C. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 43: 16, t.2 (1931). Type: Queensland:

Wide Bay District: Traverston, 6 Oct 1929, White 6335 (BRI, holo).

Shrub or small tree to 10 m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets pubescent with straight

and crisped hairs. Leaves opposite, decussate, flat, broadly elliptical, acute, usually apiculate,

cuneate at base, 5~10 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, pubescent with straight and crisped hairs,

glabrescent, 3~{rarely 3)—veined, oil glands variable; petiole 0.5-1.5 mm long, usually

pubescent. Inflorescence a few- to many-flowered, usually open terminal spike; flowers mostly

single within each bract, some in triads; rachis pubescent, growing out after anthesis; bracts

ovate 2-3 mm iong, thinly pubescent, deciduous; bracteoles variable, pubescent to 0.5 mm

long, deciduous. Calyx tube cup-shaped, 2-3 mm long, pubescent; lobes ovate to triangular,

0.5-1 mm long, puberulous, without hyaline margin. Petals white, nearly circular with a

distinct narrow claw, 2-3 mm long, Stamens white, glabrous; claw 1.5-2.5 mm long; filaments

8-16 attached to margin of each claw near apex, free part to 6 mm long. Style 10-12 mm long,

glabrous, stigma capitate. Ovary 1-1.5 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit cylindrical, 4-5 mm

long, 5-6 mm wide, orifice ca 4 mm diam.; calyx lobes semi-persistent; in dense short spikes.

Queensland, restricted to Wide Bay District.

Selected specimens: Queensland. Wipe Bay District: 27 km from Bundaberg on Childers Rd, Sep 1972, Bates (BRD;

Coonarr Creck, SE of Bundaberg, Aug 1973, Hockings (BRI); Burrum Heads Road (25° 10’S, 152° 45°E), Sep 1965,

Gifting 1127 (BRD; 1.6 km W of Woodgate, Jan 1975, Robinson (BRI).

13. Meiaicuca toriicia Byrnes, Austrobaileya 2: 74 (1984), Type: New South Wales: Barren

Mountain, W of Dorrigo, Dec 1967, Williams s.n. (NE 39994A, holo; NSW, iso).

Shrub to 4.5 m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets villous, glabrescent. Leaves opposite,

decussate, flat, commonly twisted, ovate, acute, somewhat cuspidate, attenuated at the base,

8-15 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, villous, glabrescent, 3 (rarely 5) veins visible on both surfaces,

oil glands not visible; petioles 1-2 mm long, glabrescent. Inflorescence a few- to many-

flowered, dense short terminal spike; flowers usually in triads; rachis villous, growing out

before or at anthesis; bracts broadly ovate, 5-6 mm long, villous 3-5—veined semipersistent;

braceteoles absent. Calyx tube turbinate to campanulate, 2~3 mm long, villous; lobes ovate

to triangular 1-1,5 mm long, with hyaline margin, villous. Petals white or pink, nearly circular

with distinct claw, 2-3 mm long. Stamens white, glabrous; claw about I mm long, filaments

{0-16 in two rows on margin of each claw, free part to 5 mm long. Style 6-8 mm long, absent

in male flowers; stigma small. Ovary about | mm long, pubescent above. Fruit cup-shaped

or slightly narrowed above, 4~5 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, orifice ca 4 mm diam.; calyx lobes

semipersistent; in dense short spikes.

New South Wales, restricted to the Barren Mountain area, New England.

Specimens examined. New South Wales: Barren Mountain west of Dorrigo, Nov 1913, Boorman (NSW), Oct 1967,

McReaddie (NSW), Aug 1969, Telford (NSW), & Jul 1972, Williams 72-161 (NE).

} Although related to M. cheelji the species is distinct, differing in leaf shape and size,

indumentum, spike density and the stigma. Only one flowering specimen has been seen and

in this the claws and filaments are shorter than those in M. cheelit.

SERIE EE IN a aes RA DG EEE EA Be te ste tate ete

14. Melaleuca gibbosa Labill., Nov. Holland. Pl. Spec. 2: 30, t.172 (1806); Benth., Fl. Austr.

3: 133 (1867); Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(5); 292, f.7 (1979). Type:

‘‘terra van Leuwin’’ on specimen, but text ‘‘Habitat in capite van Diemen’’ is correct

(MEL).

Shrub to 3 m high. Bark rough, fissured. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite, decussate,

concave above, keeled below, usually reflexed at tip, broadly ovate to broadly obovate, obtuse,

cuneate or rounded at base, 2-6 mm long, 1-4 mm wide, glabrous, 3 veins usually visible, oil

glands visible below with lens; petiole absent or very short. Infloresence a few- or many-

flowered axillary spike or cluster; flowers single within each bract, opposite; rachis glabrous,

growing out before or after anthesis and thickening in perfect spikes, male inflorescences

rarely growing out; bracts leaflike, caducous; bracteoles absent. Calyx tube cylindrical in

perfect flowers, turbinate in male flowers, both widened longitudinally at base, 1-2 mm long,

glabrous; lobes transversely ovate, about 0.5 mm long with hyaline margins, glabrous. Petals

pink, ovate-truncate, clawed, 2-2.5 mm long. Stamens purple to pink, glabrous; claw nearly

absent or to 1 mm long, filaments 12-20 attached to margin of each claw in two series, free

part to 4 mm long. Style 3-6 mm long, glabrous (absent in male flowers); stigma small. Ovary

1-1.5 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit truncate-conical or cylindrical, partially embedded in

expanded rachis, 3-4 mm diam., orifice 2~3 mm diam.; calyx lobes absent; in decussate short

spikes.

Southern Australia from Gippsland, Victoria to Eyre Peninsula, South Australia and

Tasmania.

Selected specimens. Victoria: McKenzie Creek, Grampians, Nov 1921, Audas (BRD; Cassidy Gap, Serra Ra., Grampians,

Dec 1975, Streimann (BRI). Tasmania: near Simpsons Bay, South Bruny Island, Nov 1965, Phillips 15184 (BRD; Clyndale

near Launceston, Simon (BRD).

15. Melaleuca decussata R.Br. in Aiton f., Hort. Kew. ed. 2: 415 (1812); Benth., Fl. Austr.

3: 133 (1867); Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(5): 288, £.5 (1979). Type:

‘‘Native of the South Coast of New Holland, Robert Brown Esq. Introduced 1803,

by Mr Peter Good’? (MEL).

Synonomy: see Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(5): 288 (1979).

Shrub to 4 m high. Bark rough, fissured. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite, decussate,

flat or concave above, narrowly obovate to linear, usually obtuse, cuneate at base, 4-15 mm

long, to 3 mm wide, glabrous or puberulous then soon glabrescent, 3-veined, usually obscure;

oil glands visible with lens on lower surface; petioles to 1 mm long, sometimes apparently

absent. Inflorescence a many-flowered usually dense, axillary (rarely terminal) spike, flowers

single within each bract, opposite; rachis glabrous or puberulous, growing out usually before

anthesis in perfect spikes and not at all thickening in male spikes; bracts ovate-linear to ovate-

acuminate, 3-5 mm long, glabrous; bracteoles absent. Calyx tube truncate-conical to

cylindrical with widened and longitudinally attached base in perfect flowers, campanulate in

male flowers, about 1 mm long, glabrous; lobes transversely ovate, about 0.5 mm long. Petals,

purple-pink, ovate, truncated to short claw, about 2 mm long. Stamens purple, glabrous; claw

0.5-1 mm long, filaments 10-25 in two series on each claw margin, free part to 5 mm long.

Style to 6 mm long only in perfect flowers, glabrous; stigma small. Ovary about 1 mm long,

pubescent above. Fruit truncate-conical, partially embedded in the expanded rachis, 3-5 mm

diam., orifice 1.5~2 mm diam., calyx lobes absent; descussate in short spike.

Southern Australia from Baw Baw Ranges, Victoria to Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.

Selected specimens. Victoria: 40 miles [64 km] N of Hamilton, Feb 1965, Jngwerson (BRD; Whipstick Shrub, Nov 1960,

Phillips 2343 (BRI); Flat Rock, Grampians, Dec 1975, Streimann (BRI); near Roses Gap, Grampians, Nov 1921, Audas

(BRI).

16. Melaleuca densispicata Byrnes, Austrobaileya 2: 74 (1984). Type: Queensland: Darling

Downs District: Yelarbon, Dec 1934, Everist 872 (BRI, holo).

Shrub to 4 m high. Bark layered, papery or scaly. Branchlets glabrous or thinly puberulous.

Leaves opposite, decussate, flat or concave above, convex below, sessile, linear or very

narrowly ovate, acute, cuneate at base, 5-12 mm long, 0.5-1.2 mm wide, glabrous, obscurely

3~—5—-veined; oi] glands visible with lens. Inflorescence a many-flowered, dense terminal or

[36

axillary spike; flowers in triads; rachis densely lanate, growing out before or at anthesis; bracts

broadly ovate acuminate, 3-4 mm long, glabrous with ciliate margins, striate; bracteoles linear,

to 1mm long, lanate. Calyx tube hemispherical, about 1mm long, glabrous; lobes

semicircular, to | mm long, glabrous with 3-5 veins. Petals chaffy, semicircular without claw,

to 2 mm long, caducous. Stamens white, glabrous; claw 4-6 mm long; filaments 11-17 attached

to the margin of each claw, free part to 7 mm long. Style glabrous, 8-10 mm long, stigma

small. Ovary about | mm long, pubescent above. Fruit angular, 2-3 mm long, 3~5 mm wide,

orifice about 2 mm diam., calyx lobes semipersistent; in a densely packed spike.

Eastern Australia, west of Dividing Range in southern Queensland and northern New South

Wales.

Selected specimens. Queensland: Darling Downs District: Yelarbon-Yetman road, Dec 1972, Everist 9852 (BRI, NSW);

between Miles and Gurrulmundi, Jun 1946, White 1151 (BRI); Yelarbon, Sep 1919, White (BRI). War:ego District: Lake

Numalla, 48 km NW of Hungerford, Sep 1971, Stanton (BRI); 6 km W of Whitewater, May 1977, Purdie 662D (BRI).

New South Wales: Warroo via Bourke, Dec 1935, Morris (BRI); Lila Springs, SE Enngonia, Aug 1964, Carolin 3989

(NSW); about 50 miles [80 km; NW of Louth, Dec 1966, Gray 4571 (CANB).

This taxon was recognised by Cheel and referred to as M. adnata var. aspera in his

presidential address to the Botany Section of ANZAAS Conference in 1937 but he did not

give a diagnosis or nominate any type.

17. Melaleuca wilsontt F. Muell., Fragm. 2: 124, t.15 (1861); Benth., FI. Austr. 3: 134 (1867);

Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(5): 313, £.21 (1979), Types: South

Australia “‘in deserto plagae Tattiara country’’, J.E. Woods; ‘‘in eremo circum lacum

Hindmarsh’’, J. Dallachy (MEL).

Shrub to 1.5 m high. Bark compact, rough, fissured. Branchlets woolly, soon glabrescent.

Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile, flat or mostly concave above, linear triangular or narrowly

ovate, sharply acute sometimes acuminate, truncate, 8-15 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, thinly

woolly, glabrescent early, 3-veined usually obscure, oil glands barely visible below.

Inflorescence usually few-flowered axillary spike or head, sometimes terminal; flowers single

within each bract; rachis glabrous or thinly pilose rarely growing out after anthesis; bracts

broadly ovate to 4 mm long, margins ciliate; bracteoles absent. Calyx tube campanulate to

turbinate, 2-2.5 mm long and wide, tomentose; lobes narrowly triangular, 2-3 mm long with

hyaline margins, tomentose. Petals pink, broadly ovate with or without short claw, about

3 mm long. Stamens pink, glabrous; claw 6-7 mm long; filaments 7-15 attached to margin

of each claw near apex, free part to 6 mm long. Style 8-15 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate.

Ovary to 1.5 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit campanulate 4-5 mm diam., to 5 mm long

including the persistent woody calyx lobes, orifice about 3 mm diam., borne in small clusters.

Southern Australia from western Victoria to south-eastern South Australia.

Selected specimens. Victoria: Whipstick scrub, Nov 1960, Phiilips 2348 (BRJ); near Tarnagulla, Nov 1971, Phillips 41239

(BRD; Wimmera R., Nov 1890, C. W falter) (BRI); Bills Hill, Yanac to Maryville Rd, Nov 1976, Ogden 18009 (CANB);

few miles W of Nhill, Hwy 8, Nov 1972, Beamish 1650 (CANB).

18. Melaleuca acuminata F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 15 (1858); Benth., Fl. Austr. 3: 132 (1867);

Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(5): 284, f.1 (1979). Type: South

Austraha ‘‘In montibus lapidosis ad rivum Mount Barker Creek, L. Fischer’’ (MEL).

Shrub to 4m high. Bark layered, scaly, rough. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite,

decussate, flat or concave above, ovate acute, cuspidate, attenuate at base, often recurved or

twisted, 5-10 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, glabrous or woolly then glabrescent early, 3~veined

usually at least midvein visible, oil glands usually visible; petiole to 1 mm long, glabrous.

Inflorescence one- or few-flowered axillary clusters on previous years’ wood; flowers single

within each bract; rachis absent or very short, glabrous, not growing out; bracts circular,

strongly concave, about 2 mm long, glabrous or with ciliate margins, deciduous; bracteoles

absent. Calyx tube turbinate, about 2 mm long and wide, glabrous; lobes broadly triangular,

to 1 mm long with hyaline margins, glabrous. Petals white often tinged pink, nearly circular,

shortly clawed, about 2 mm long. Stamens white, glabrous; claw 3-5 mm long; filaments 9-

177 attached to margin of upper third of each claw, free part to 3 mm long. Style glabrous, 3-

5 mm long; stigma small. Ovary about 1 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit cup-shaped, 3-

4mm long, 4-5 mm wide, orifice 1-2 mm diam., calyx lobes persistent, thickened; borne

singly or in small clusters.

SU RSS ER RRR EE

137

Southern Australia from south-western New South Wales and western Victoria to south-

western Western Australia.

Selected specimens. Victoria: Far north-west, Rock Holes Bore, Sunset Country, Sep 1963, Wettenhall 18 (MEL); North-

west grid C29 Little Desert, 36°30’S, 141°10’E, Nov 1974, Corrick 4845 (MEL). South Australia: Hincks National Park,

Oct 1968, Symon 6505 (CANB); near Roseworthy, N of Gawler, Aug 1958, Blake 20445 (BRD.

19, Melaleuca thymifolia Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 3: 278 (1797); Benth., Fi. Austr.

z: 134 (May, 1867). Type: Cult. by Fairbairn (in England), seeds from N.S.W.

LINN).

M. coronata Andr., Repos. 4, t. 278 (1803).

M. discolor Reichb. ex Sprengel, Syst. Veget. 3: 337 (1876). Type: New Holland,

Sieber 323 (not seen).

M. gnidiaefolia Vent., Jard. Maim. 1: 4, t. 4 (1803).

Metrosideros calycina Cav., Ic. 4: 20, t. 336 (Sep-Dec 1797).

Shrub usually to 1 m high, rarely to 6 m, commonly multibranched from lignotuber. Bark

corky, flaking. Branchlets puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves opposite or subopposite, flat or

concave above, narrowly elliptical, acute, cuneate at base, 5-15 mm long, 1-3 mm wide,

glabrous or thinly pubescent, glabrescent early, 3-veined, sometimes obscure, oil glands usually

visible with lens on lower surface; petioles to 1 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence usually a

few-flowered, dense axillary spike usually on older wood, sometimes isolated or opposite

axillary pairs of flowers; flowers single within each bract; rachis glabrous, growing out before

anthesis or often not at all; bracts ovate-acuminate, about 2 mm long, caducous; bracteoles

circular, about 1 mm long, caducous. Calyx tube campanulate, longitudinally elongated at

base, 2~3 mm long, glabrous; lobes semi-elliptical, about 2 mm long, glabrous with narrow

hyaline margin. Petals pink to purple, ovate with a distinct claw, 4-5 mm long. Stamens pink

to purple, glabrous; claw 4-6 mm long; filaments 40-60 attached to margin and inner surface

of upper two-thirds of each claw, free part to 4 mm long. Style 8-10 mm long, glabrous;

stigma small. Ovary about 2 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit cup- or barrel-shaped, 4—5 mm

long and wide including the persistent, thickened calyx lobes, orifice about 2 mm diam.; either

single, in clusters or in short spikes.

Eastern Australia from central coastal Queensland extending into Carnarvon Ranges and south

to south coast of New South Wales.

Selected specimens. Queensiand: Leichhardt District: Carnarvon Range, Apr 1962, Gittins 451 (BRD. Moreton District:

Coolum Beach, Apr 1945, Clemens (BRI). New South Wales: Pilliga State Forest, Nov 1963, Pedley 1622 (BRI); Chullora,

sep 1952, King (BRI).

20. Melaleuca neglecta Ewart & Wood, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vic. 23: 60, t.13, f.1, 2, 3 (1910);

Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1, 5: 303, f.14 (1979). Type: Victoria,

near Bimboola, St. Eloy D’Alton.

M. oraria J. Black, Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 69: 309 (1945). Type: South Australia:

Beachport, Black (AD).

Shrub to 3 m high. Bark rough, fissured. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves variously arranged,

often scattered, opposite and whorled on a single branchlet, flat or concave above, hinear-

ovate to linear-eliiptical, obtuse, incurved at apex, attenuated at base, 3-8 mm long, about

1mm wide, glabrous or woolly pubescent, soon glabrescent, 3-veined obscure, oil glands

usually visible below with lens as two rows of tubercles; petioles to 1 mm long. Inflorescences

few-flowered clusters in axils of leaves on previous years’ wood or nodes of older wood;

flowers single within each bract; rachis very short, glabrous, not growing out; bracts broadly

ovate to nearly circular, strongly concave, about 1 mm long, glabrous, semipersistent;

bracteoles ovate, to 1 mm long with ciliate margins. Calyx tube turbinate to campanulate, 2-

2.5 mm long, glabrous; lobes triangular, about | mm long, glabrous, without hyaline margins.

Petals white, broadly ovate to nearly circular, shortly clawed, 1.5-2 mm long. Stamens white

to cream, glabrous; claw 1-2 mm long; filaments 8-16 attached at apex of each claw in two

rows; free part to 6 mm long. Style 6-7 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate. Ovary 1-2 mm

long, pubescent above. Fruit cylindrical, 4-5 mm long and wide, orifice about 3 mm diam.,

bases of calyx lobes thickened, persistent; single or in small clusters.

Southern Australia from western Victoria to Eyre Peninsula, South Australia.

138

Selected specimens. Victoria: Big Desert, 18.5 miles [30 kmj N of Kaniva, Oct 1966, Phillips 570 (BRI); Upper Glenelg,

Dec 1903, Williamson (BRD; Wimmera R., Nov 1890, Walton (BRD; Grampians, Black Range, Dec 1968, Beaugiehole

30057 (MEL).

Sometimes the flowering clusters are so dense along the stem that it appears to be a

single inflorescence.

21. Melaleuca angustifolia Gaertner, Fruct. et Semin. 1: 172, t. 35 (1788); Benth., Fl. Austr.

3: 139 (1867). Type: Endeavour River, Banks & Solander (NSW).

Austromyrtus gaertneri Schauer, Linnaea 17: 234 (1843). Based on M. angustifolia

Gaertner.

Shrub or small tree to 9m high. Bark flaky, tight, fibrous. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves

scattered, flat, very narrowly elliptical or obovate, obtuse, cuneate at base, 20-60 mm long,

2-7 mm wide, usually glabrous, 3~7—veined usually visible, oil glands numerous visible with

lens; petiole about 1 mm long, continuous with lamina. Inflorescence 3-8-flowered, terminal

or sometimes on short axillary branchlets, flowers single within each bract; rachis pubescent,

not growing out; bracts broadly ovate, to 7 mm long, pubescent outside, persistent; bracteoles

oblong, strongly keeled, to 7 mm long, sericeous along keel, persistent. Calyx tube cylindrical

to campanulate, to 12 mm long, appressed pubscent at base, tardily circumsciss at top of

ovary; lobes circular to spathulate, ca 4 mm long, pubescent, margin hyaline. Petals white to

yellow, obovate without claw, to 7 mm long. Stamens white to yellow, glabrous; claw 10-

12 mm long, almost terete; filaments very numerous, radiating from apex of each claw; free

part to 6 mm long. Style about 24 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate to peltate. Ovary about

2 mm long, glabrous above. Fruit turbinate, about 7 mm long and wide, calyx tube thin; upper

ake min and stamens semipersistent; about 4 capsules per head with persistent bracts and

racteoiles.

North-eastern Australia on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula north of the Endeavour

River.

Selected specimens. Queensland: Cook District: Newcastle Bay, 2'4 miles [4 km] S of Somerset, May 1948, Brass 18664

(BRI); Cape York, Jun 1961, Voi/ck 1949 (BRD; ca 10 km north of upper crossing of Massey Creek, Aug 1978, Clarkson

2452 (BRI); Cape Flattery, Apr 1975, McDonald & Batianoff 1617B (BRD.

22. Melaleuca magnifica Specht, Am.-Aust. Sc. Exp. to Arnhem Land 3: 270, f, 11 (1958).

Type: South Bay, Bickerton Is., 21 Jun 1948, Specht 642 (BRI).

Shrub to 3 m high. Bark flaky. Branchlets pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves scattered, flat,

narrowly elliptical or narrowly ovate, acute, attenuate at base, 20-90 mm long, 5-10 mm

wide, appressed pubescent, glabrescent, 3—5-veined, oil glands numerous visible with lens;

petioles to 4 mm long, pubescent, glabrescent. Inflorescence a many-flowered dense terminal

head to 60 mm diam.; flowers single within each bract; rachis glabrous, not growing out;

bracts pentagonal, about 10 mm long, pubescent, persistent; bracteoles obtriangular, 7-8 mm

long, strongly keeled towards apex, pubescent, often splitting, persistent. Calyx tube

campanulate, sometimes narrowing below lobes, about 10 mm long, sericeous, tardily

circumsciss below lobes; lobes orbicular, pubescent with thin glabrous margins, to 5 mm long.

Petals cream, circular without distinct claws, 7-9 mm long. Stamens cream to yellow, glabrous;

claw 8-12 mm long; filaments very numerous, attached to margin and inner surface of upper

haif of each claw, free part to 5 mm long. Style to 20 mm long, glabrous, pustulate; stigma

capitate. Ovary about 7 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit angular, about 7 mm long and

9 mm wide, orifice about 7 mm diam., retaining upper calyx tube, lobes and stamens at first,

at length circumsciss; 16-40 in dense head, bracts retained.

Northern Australia, restricted to Arnhem Land Aboriginal Reserve and Groote Eylandt in the

Northern Territory.

Selected specimens. Northern Territory: 12° 19’S, 133° 14’E, Jul 1972, Lazarides 7549 (DNA, BRI, CANB); ESE of

Mudginberry, Feb 1973, Dunlop 3312 (DNA, BRB; 8 km W of Rum Bottle Creek, Jun 1972, Symon 7957 (BRI), Oenpelli,

Oct 1948, Specht 1135 (BRI).

23. Melaleuca arnhemica Byrnes, Austrobaileya 2: 74 (1984). Type: Northern Territory:

Kakadu National Park, 13° 24’S, 132° 4244’E, May 1980, Craven 5926 (BRI, holo;

CANB, iso).

ESA a Sh gee aaa eae ten ttn na resem moons

139

Shrub to 5 m high. Bark fissured, hard, fibrous. Branchlets thinly pilose, glabrescent. Leaves

narrowly elliptical to narrowly obovate, obtuse, narrowly cuneate at the base, 30-60 mm long,

512 mm wide, glabrous or thinly pilose, glabrescent, 5-7-veined, oil glands numerous visible

with lens; petiole about 2 mm long. Inflorescence a dense terminal head (10-25 flowers);

flowers single within each bract; rachis pubescent but obscured, not growing out; bracts

pentagonal to semicircular, to 4 mm long, appressed pubescent, persistent; bracteoles obovate,

about 3 mm long, keeled, appressed pubescent, persistent. Calyx tube turbinate below top of

ovary, constricted above, about 4 mm long and 3 mm wide, circumsciss at length at top of

ovary; lobes broadly ovate, about 1 mm long, pubescent with hyaline margin. Petals white to

yellow, markedly obovate to spathulate, to 3 mm long. Stamens white to yellow, glabrous;

claw 2~3 mm long; filaments 12-24 attached to margin and inner surface of upper half of

each claw, free part to 4 mm long. Style about 6 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate. Ovary

about 2 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit turbinate, angular, to 5 mm long and wide, orifice

to 4 mm diam., upper calyx tube and lobes deciduous; in dense head with persistent bracts.

Northern Australia, restricted to a small area within the Alligator Rivers systems, Northern

Territory.

Specimens examined. Northern Territory: 13° 08'S, 132° 56’E, May 1980, Craven 6095 (BRI), Craven 6100 (CANB) &

Lazarides 9069 (BRD); 13° 18’S, 132° 31’E, Jun 1980, Craven 6238 (CANB).

24. Melaleuca acacioides F. Muell., Fragm. 3: 116 (1862); Benth., Fl. Austr. 3: 138 (1867).

Type: Roper River, Carpentaria, fF. Mueller (MEL).

M. alsophila Cunn. ex Benth., Fl. Austr. 3: 137 (1867). Type: Usborne Harbour,

Cambridge Gulf, A. Cunningham (K).

M. acacioides var. angustifolia Domin, Bibl. Bot. 89: 455 (1928). Type: Walsh R., Nov

1910, Domin (PR).

M. graminea S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 45: 204 (1920). Type: NW Australia,

DeBouley (BM).

Shrub to 6 m high. Bark layered, fibrous sometimes papery. Branchlets pubescent, glabrescent.

Leaves scattered, flat, linear ovate to broadly obovate, acute to obtuse, apiculate, narrowly

cuneate at base, 15-95 mm long, 2-15 mm wide, puberulous, glabrescent, 3-5-veined usually

visible, oil glands usually obscure; petioles 2-5 mm long, pubescent, glabrescent. Inflorescence

a few- to many-flowered, dense, axillary or terminal head, flowers in triads, sometimes single

within each bract; rachis sericeous, terminating in a head of scales, seldom growing out but

sometimes after anthesis producing either a further inflorescence or vegetative shoot; bracts

broadly ovate, about 1 mm long, persistent; bracteoles strongly keeled and very small. Calyx

tube turbinate, to 2 mm long and 1 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent; lobes broadly ovate to

semicircular, about 0.5 mm long, glabrous or pubescent, with hyaline margins. Petals white,

nearly circular without claw, 1-1.5 mm diam. Stamens white, glabrous; claw 2-3 mm long;

filaments 8-10 attached to margin of each claw near apex, free part to 4 mm long. Style 6-

7 mm long, glabrous; stigma small. Ovary about 1 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit barrel-

shaped, about 2 mm long and wide, orifice about 1 mm diam.; calyx lobes semi-persistent; in

small dense globular heads.

Northern Australia, from Kimberley area of Western Australia to Cape York Peninsula,

Queensland. |

Selected specimens. Western Australia: near Wyndham Township, Jul 1949, Perry 2556 (BRI). Northern Territory:

Melville Bay, Aug 1948, Specht 920 (BRI). Queensland: Burke District: Lower Settlement Creek, in 1922, Brass (BRI).

Cook District: 2 miles [3 km] S of Bathurst Bay, Sep 1970, Hyland 4621 (BRD.

Melaleuca acacioides exhibits a great range of variation in leaf size and shape even on

the one plant and there is also variation in indumentum.

Bentham distinguished M. alsophila from M. acacioides on leaf shape and calyx

indumentum but many intermediate forms exist giving a continuum between the extremes.

Likewise Domin recognised M. acacioides var. angustifolia based on leaf shape. Because of

the lack of any discontinuity in the range of leaf size or shape and indumentum characteristics,

M. alsophila and M. acacioides var. angustifolia cannot be maintained.

Although the type of M. graminea S. Moore has not been seen, from the protologue

description the taxon comes within the range of variation of M. acacioides.

[40

25. Melaleuca symphyocarpa F. Muell., Trans. Phil. Inst. Vic. 3: 44 (1859); Benth., Fl. Austr.

3: 138 (1867). Type: Roper (R.), Limmen Bight and McArthur R., FF. Mueller (MEL).

M. symphyocarpa f. aurantiaca C,. White, J. Arnold. Arb. 23: 89 (1942). Types: Tarara,

Wassi Kussa River, Dec 1936, Brass 8532 & 8381 (BRI).

Shrub or smail tree to 10 m high. Bark hard, fluted and finely fissured. Branchlets tomentose

or glabrous. Leaves scattered, flat, narrowly obovate to elliptical, obtuse, cuneate at base,

25-90 mm long, 5-20 mm wide, glabrous except near base, 5-9-veined, oil glands numerous

visible with lens; petioles poorly defined, about 1 mm long, tomentose. Inflorescence a dense

head of 5-15 flowers, axillary, sessile or terminating short branchlets on old wood; flowers

single within each bract; rachis obscured, not growing out; bracts angular, obovate to oblong,

to 4 mm long, pubescent outside; bracteoles narrow oblong, to 4 mm long, Keeled, pubescent

outside. Calyx tube cylindrical and glabrous above ovary, turbinate and pubescent below,

about 5 mm long, at length circumsciss at top of ovary; lobes semicircular, about 1 mm long,

pubescent with narrow hyaline margins. Petals yellow-orange, broadly elliptical, sometimes

shortly clawed, to 3 mm long. Stamens orange to yellow, rarely reddish, glabrous; claw to

§ mm long, terete; filaments 12-16 radiating from apex of each claw, free part to 6 mm long.

Style to 1S mm long, glabrous; stigma peltate. Ovary to 3 mm long, glabrous above (? covered

by nectary). Fruit turbinate, 2~3 mm long, 5--6 mm diam., orifice to 5 mm diam., calyx lobes

and part of tube circumsciss, deciduous; in dense spherical heads.

Northern Australia from Daly River, Northern Territory, to Cape York Peninsula, Queensland

and also in Papua New Guinea.

Selected specimens. Northern Territory: near Koolpinyah, Sep 1946, Blake 16950 (BRI); 14 km SW Bing Bong H/s, Jun

1971, Dunlop 2265 (BRI, DNA). Queensland: Burke District: Nicholson River, Jun 1963, Giftins 815 (BRI). Cook

District: Lockerbie, Apr 1948, Brass 18351 (BRI).

White recognised the existence of two taxa in New Guinea but considered that M.

brassti, a red flowering species, was M. symphycarpa and so described the orange-flowered

taxon as ‘‘forma aurantiaca’’. Mueller’s original description was based on the orange-flowered

taxon so White’s forma cannot be maintained.

26. Melaleuca brassii Byrnes, Austrobaileya 2: 74 (1984). Type: Papua New Guinea: Western

Division: Wuoroi, Orlomo River, Jan-Mar 1934, Brass 5690 (BRI, holo).

Shrub or tree to 25 m high. Bark iayered, fibrous and deeply furrowed. Branchlets pubescent.

Leaves scattered, flat, narrowly elliptical to obovate, obtuse, cuneate at base, 40-100 mm

long, 7-15 mm wide, glabrous with some crispid hairs near base, usually 7-9-veined, oil glands

visible with lens; petioles 1-1.5 mm long, poorly defined, pubescent. Inflorescence a dense

head of 6-10 flowers, axillary, sessile or terminating short branchlets on old wood; flowers

single within each bract; rachis obscured, not growing out; bracts broadly ovate, to 8 mm

long, sericeous, persistent, upper margin commonly splitting; bracteoles bilobed, keeled, to

8 mm long, sericeous, persistent. Calyx tube cylindrical, fleshy, to 10 mm long and 5 mm

wide, appressed pubescent, at length circumsciss at top of ovary; lobes red, semicircular to

oblong, to 3 mm long, pubescent, with lateral thin margins. Petals red, broadly ovate, 5-

6 mm long. Stamens red, glabrous; claw to 12 mm long, terete; filaments 40-50 radiating from

apex of claw, free part to 5 mm long. Style 13-20 mm Jong, glabrous; stigma capitate. Ovary

to 3 mm long, glabrous above (? covered by nectary). Fruit turbinate, to 6 mm long, 6-10 mm

wide, calyx tube thin, circumsciss; 3-10 in head with persistent bracts.

Papua New Guinea and northern Australia in Cape York Peninsula, Queensland.

Specimens examined. Papua New Guinea: Western Division: Gamia, Lower Fly River, Nov 1936, Brass 8257 (BRI);

Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, Dec 1936, Brass 8533 (BRI); Oriomo R., Jan 1959, White & Gray NFG 10364 (BRD & Feb

1953, Hart 5016 (BRI); Wean, Jul 1967, Ridsdale NFG 33528 (BRI). Queensland: Cook District: Mt Tozer, Sep 1962,

Voick 2443 (BRI), Oct 1968, Webb & Tracey 8618 (BRD, Nov 1968, Breeden 1968 (BRI); Badu Is., Torres Strait, Jun

1979, Garnett (BRI); Bamaga, May 1962, Webb & Tracey 6041 (BRI) & Oct 1965, Smith 12357 (BRD; Lockerbie, Nov

1962, Hyland 2484 (BRI; 12 miles [19 km] S of Portland Road, June 1972, Stocker 871 (BRD; between Laura and

Musgrave, Sep 1976, Wrigley 197 (BRD.

The species is named in honour of L.J. Brass who first collected it in Western Papua.

It differs from M. symphyocarpa, which is found in the same area, in having bilobed bracteoles,

SURAT Cent RE eg ee tf ee ee

14]

a longer, thicker fleshy red calyx tube, more numerous stamens and larger fruiting capsules

enclosed in papery thin remains of the calyx tube.

27. Melaleuca cornucopiae Byrnes, Austrobaileya 2: 74 (1984). Type: Northern Territory:

Koongarra, 12° 52’S, 132° 52’E, 16 Nov 1975, Dunlop 4030 (BRI, holo; DNA, iso).

Shrub to 3m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets thinly pilose, glabrescent. Leaves

scattered, flat, narrowly obovate, obtuse or rounded, narrowly attenuate at base, 30-95 mm

long, 4-12 mm wide, pilose, glabrescent, 5-7-veined, oil glands obscure; petioles 4-12 mm

long, glabrescent. Inflorescence a many-flowered, dense terminal or upper-axillary spike;

flowers in triads (obscure), opening markedly centripedally; rachis lanate, growing out after

anthesis; bracts semicircular-acuminate, to 5mm long, multi-veined, semi-persistent;

bracteoles absent. Calyx tube broadly turbinate, 1-1.5 mm long, densely pubescent; lobes

absent. Petals white, nearly circular, shortly clawed, 1-1.5 mm long, ciliate. Stamens pale

yellow, glabrous; claw 1-1.5 mm long; filaments 4-5 attached to margin of each claw, free

part to 4 mm long, shorter in female flowers with aborted anthers. Style to 5 mm long in

female flowers, absent in males, glabrous; stigma capitate. Ovary 0.7-1 mm long, pubescent

above. Fruit compressed-angular, 3-4 mm long and wide, orifice about 2 mm diam.; in a

dense spike.

Northern Australia, restricted to the Arnhem Land area of Northern Territory.

specimens examined. Northern Territory: 1.5 km NE of Koongarra, Sep 1978, Rankin 1404 (DNA, BRI); Little

Nourlangie Rock, Feb 1977, Fox 2570 (DNA, BRI & Mar 1978, Dunlop 4742 (DNA); Mt Brockman, Koongarra Jump-

up, Dec 1978, Duniop 3299 (DNA, BRD; 4 km NW of Ei Sharana on Pine Creek Rd, Jan 1973, Mason AE 522 (DNA,

BR); Nabarlek, 12° 20’S, 133° 20’E, Apr 1979, Rice 3081 (DNA); Cooper Creek area, Apr 1979, Rankin 2214 (DNA).

. The semi-persistent bracts enclosing the buds gives the young inflorescences a horn-

like appearance. The marked centripedal anthesis produces a mass of stamens from the tightly

packed flowers at the base of the horn hence the specific epithet. The absence of calyx lobes

and female flowers with aborted anthers are characters that do not occur in other species

treated in this paper.

28. Melaleuca glomerata F. Muell., Rep. Babbage Exp. 10 (1859); Benth., Fl. Austr. 3: 151

(1867); Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(5): 293 (1979). Types: ‘‘Lake

Gregory, Arcoona, Lake Campbell. Occurs also on Sturt’s Creek in the interior of

N.W. Australia’’ (not seen).

M. hakeoides F. Muell. ex Benth., Fl. Austr. 3: 151 (1867). Type: ‘““New South Wales,

Mount Goningberi, near Coopers Creek, Victoria Expedition’’ (MEL).

Shrub to 8 m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets pubescent at length glabrescent. Leaves

scattered, flat, hnear obovate, rarely narrowly obovate, acute, cuspidate, cuneate at base, 10-

50 mm long, 1-4 mm wide, densely pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, usually 3-veined

obscure, oi! glands usually visible with lens; petioles very short or absent. Inflorescence a few-

to many-flowered dense, pseudo-pedunculate axillary or terminal head; flowers single within

each bract; rachis pubescent, growing out after anthesis; bracts rarely present, broadly

elliptical, acuminate, about 1 mm long, caducous; bracteoles absent. Calyx tube turbinate or

cup-shaped, 1.5-2 mm long and wide, pubescent, lobes semicircular to 0.5 mm long,

pubescent, with or without narrow margins. Petals white, nearly circular; shortly clawed, 1.5-

2 mm iong. Stamens white to yellow, glabrous; claw 0.5-1.5 mm long; filaments 4-9 attached

to the margin of each claw, free part to 5 mm long. Style 4-7 mm long, glabrous; stigma

small. Ovary about 1 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit ovoid truncate, angular at base, 1.5-

2.5 mm long and wide, orifice about 1 mm diam., calyx lobes absent; in globular ciusters.

Arid areas of Western Australia, western and southern Northern Territory, northern South

Australia and north-western New South Wales.

Selected specimens. Western Australia: about 150 miles [240 km] S of Broome, Aug 1962, Johnston (BRI). Northern

Territory: 24 miles [38 kmj S of Barrow Creek, Sep 1955, Perry 5359 (BRI); 18 miles [29 km] E of Mt Wedge Station,

Sep 1956, Lazarides 6049 (BRI); Churnside Creek, Petermann Ranges, Sep 1969, Maconachie 750 (BRD.

142

29. Melaleuca uncinata R.Br. in Aiton f., Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4: 414 (1812); Benth., Fl., Austr.

3: 150 (1867); Carrick & Chorney, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(5): 311 (1979). Type:

South Coast, New Holland, R. Brown, cultivated at Kew England, by Peter Good

(K).

M. drummondii Schauer in Lehm., P1. Preiss. 1: 138 (1844). Type: ‘‘Nova-Hollandia

austro-occidentali’’, J. Drummond (K).

M. semiteres Schauer in Lehm., Pl. Preiss. 1: 143 (1844). Type: ‘‘Nova-Hollandia

austro-occidentali’’, J. Drummond (not seen).

M. hamata Field & Gardner, Sert. Pi. t.74 (1844). Type: Swan River Colony, J.

Drummond 116 (MEL).

M. nodosa (Gaertner) Smith var. stenostoma Domin, Bibl. Bot. 89: 485 (1928). Type:

Dividing Range, Jericho, Domin 1910 (PR).

Shrub to 3 m high, usually virgate. Bark layered, papery and fibrous. Branchlets thinly to

densely sericeous. Leaves scattered, terete, often compressed, rarely linear, acute, cuspidate,

mostly with a strongly recurved tip, cuneate at base, 15-60 mm long, about 1 mm wide,

sericeous, soon glabrescent, 1-3-veined obscure, oil glands numerous visible with lens; petiole

very short or absent. Inflorescences few- to many-flowered, dense, axillary and terminal

pseudo-pedunculate male or perfect heads; flowers usually single within each bract; rachis

pubescent, growing out usually about anthesis in perfect-flowered heads; bracts broadly ovate,

often absent, 2-3 mm long, caducous; bracteoles absent. Calyx tube turbinate, 1-2 mm long,

about 1 mm wide, pubescent; lobes very short, about 0.2 mm long, hyaline, usually glabrous.

Petals white to yellow, nearly circular without claw, about 1 mm diam. Stamens white to

yellow, glabrous; claw about 2 mm long; filaments 4~8 attached to upper margin of each claw;

free part to 4 mm long. Style 4-6 mm long, glabrous (absent in male flowers); stigma small.

Ovary about 1 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit compressed angular turbinate about 3 mm

long and wide, orifice about 1 mm diam., calyx lobes absent; in dense globular heads.

Widespread species in drier areas of Australia including southern Northern Territory, south

and central Queensland, western New South Wales, northern Victoria, South Australia and

southern Western Australia.

Selected specimens. Queensland: Mitchell District: Joycedale, SW from Jericho, Jul 1934, Blake 6805 (BRI). Darling

Downs District: Gurulmundi-Woleebee Road, Oct 1975, Williams 75130 (BRI). New South Wales: Mt Meongel, N of

Griffith, Nov 1950, Gauba 2332 (BRI). Victoria: Whipstick Scrub, N of Bendigo, Feb 1965, Jngwerson 11814 (BRI).

The three species VM. glomerata, M. uncinata and M. nodosa are similar in appearance.

M. glomerata has longer pubescent calyx lobes and dense pubescence on the leaves and

branchlets which is persistent or semi-persistent. The leaves are always linear and the peduncles

on flowering heads are commonly more than 4 mm long. M. uncinata and M. nodosa have

very short glabrous calyx lobes, sericeous, early glabrescent leaves and branchlets, terete or

linear leaves and the flowering-head peduncles are usually less than 5 mm long. M. uncinata

and M. nodosa are closely related but can be distinguished by the cuspidate leaf-tip being

recurved in M. uncinata. This species also tends to be more virgate in habit and develops a

lignotuber. M. nodosa and M. glomerata are separated geographically but their ranges overlap

that of the very widely distributed M. uncinata.

30. Melaleuca nodosa (Gaertner) Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 3: 276 (1797); Benth., FI.

Austr. 3: 158 (1867). Based on Metrosideros nodosa Gaertner, Fruct, et Semin. |:

172, t.34, £.6 (1788). Type: Banks & Solander (NSW),

M., juniperina Sieber ex Reichb., Ic. Exot. Bot. 2: 5, t.112 (1828). Based on Metrosideros

jJuniperiodes Reichb. Type: New Holland, Sieber 317 (MO), (Frag. in BRD).

M. juniperoides Reichb. ex DC., Prod. 3: 213 (1828). Type: as for Metrosideros

jJuniperoides Reichb.

Metrosideros juniperina Reichb. ex A. Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4(2): 194 (1827). Type: New

Holland, Sieber (not seen).

Metrosideros pungens Reichb., /oc. cit. Type: New Holland, Sieber (not seen).

Melaleuca tenuifolia DC., Prod. 3: 213 (1828), non Wendl. (1798). Type: Eastern

Australia (G-DC),

M. nodosa (Gaertner) Smith var. tenutfolia (DC.) Penfold, J. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. 63:

107 (1930). Based on M. fenutfolia DC.

(43

Shrub to 7 m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets thinly pilose, glabrescent. Leaves terete

or linear ovate, acute, cuspidate with straight tips, cuneate at base, 15-40 mm long, 1-3 mm

wide, sericeous, glabrescent early, 1-3-veined usually obscure in terete leaves, oil glands barely

visible with lens; petioles to 1 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence dense with few to many male

or perfect flowers, axillary and terminal shortly pseudo—pedunculate heads; flowers single,

pairs or triads within each bract; rachis sericeous, growing out after anthesis at least in perfect-

flowered heads; bracts broadly elliptical to 2 mm long, glabrous, deciduous; bracteoles absent.

Calyx tube turbinate, 1-1.5 mm long, pubescent towards base; lobes obtuse, very short to

0.5 mm long, hyaline, glabrous, sometimes reduced to undulate ring. Petals yellow-white,

circular with or without claw, 1-1.5 mm long. Stamens yellow, glabrous; claw 1-2 mm long;

filaments 3-5 attached to upper margin of each claw, free part to 5 mm long. Style 6-8 mm

long, absent in male flowers, glabrous; stigma small. Ovary to 1 mm long, pubescent above.

Fruit compressed angular turbinate, about 3 mm long and wide, orifice 1-1.5 mm diam.,

calyx lobes absent; in dense globular heads.

Eastern Australia in coastal areas and adjacent ranges from Queensland to New South Wales

near Sydney.

Selected specimens. Queensland: Cook District: Kennedy Highway, 9.2 km NE of Mt Surprise turnoff, Nov 1975, Staples

1B82227 (BRI). Wide Bay District: Tin Can Bay, Sep 1946, Clemens (BRI). Darling Downs District: near Warwick, Sep

1973, Pedley 4174 (BRI). New South Wales: Port Jackson, Oct 1900, Helms (BRD.

31. Melaleuca lasiandra F. Muell., Fragm. 3: 115 (1862); Benth., Fi. Austr. 3: 143 (1867);

§.1. Blake, Cont. Qd Herb. 1: 68 (1968). Type: Fitzmaurice R., Oct 1855, FP. Mueller

(MEL).

M. loguei W. Fitzg., J. Roy. Soc. W. Aust. 3: 188 (1918). Type: Western Australia: S

of Fitzroy R., Sep 1906, W.V. Fitzgerald (NSW).

Shrub or rarely small tree to 8 m high. Bark layered, papery. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves

scattered, flat, narrowly elliptical to obovate, acute to acuminate, cuneate at base 12-50 mm

long, 2-7 mm wide, sericeous, rarely glabrescent, 1-3(-5)-veined, oil glands obscure; petiole

1~2.5 mm long, poorly defined. Inflorescence a many-flowered usually open terminal spike;

flowers in triads; rachis villous growing out after anthesis; bracts ovate to saggitate, to 2 mm

long, pubescent, caducous; bracteoles absent. Calyx tube turbinate to campanulate, 1.5-

2.2 mm jong and wide, villous; lobes triangular to ovate, 1-1.2 mm long, pubescent without

hyaline margins. Petals white, nearly circular without claw 2—2.2 mm diam., deciduous early.

Stamens white, thinly villous; claw 1-3 mm long; filaments 6-20 attached to margin of each

claw sometimes in small groups or stamens free; free part to 8 mm long. Style 6-9 mm long,

thinly pilose; stigma small. Ovary 1-1.5 mm long, pubescent above. Fruit cup-shaped to

2.9 mm long, 3 mm wide, orifice 2.5 mm diam., calyx lobes deciduous; in dense or open

spikes.

Northern Australia, from the Kimberley area, Western Australia, through the Northern

Territory to central western areas of Queensland.

Selected specimens. Western Australia: 5 miles [8 km] SE of Gordon Downs Station, Jul 1949, Perry 2460 (BRI). Northern

Territory: 20.2 miles [32 km] NW of The Granites, May 1958, Chippendale NT 4268 (BRI); 22.1 miles [35 km] E of

Frewina, Apr 1948, Perry 671 (BRI). Queensland: Gregory North District: Oban Station near Woodend Bore, Dec 1947,

Everist 3340 (BRD.

Mueller gave “‘Ad flumina Victoria et Fitzroy River’’ as the type locality. ‘‘Fitzroy’’

was a mistake for ‘‘Fitzmaurice’’.

Maps 7. Melaleuca hypericifolia. 8. M. linariifolia. 9. M. squarrosa. 10. M. biconvexa. 11. M. halmaturorum. 12. M.

cheelii. 13. M. tortifolia, 14. M. gibbosa. 18. M. decussata, 16. M. densispicata.

pes ghee ISLS IN AR PINA DEE SB EASA A lL Led tp me mem ten yt ta EERE EEE AEE GSES ES

Se SE BS an a eal

W i 18 a

Lv)

Maps 17. Melaleuca wilsonii. 18. M. acuminata. 19. M. thymifolia, 20. M, neglecta, 21. M. angustifolia. 22. M.

magnifica.23. M. arnhermica. 24. M. acacioides. 25. M. symphyocarpa. 26. M. brassii.

Maps 27. Melaleuca cornucopiae, 28. M. glomerata, 29. M. uncinata, 30. M. nodosa, 31. M. lasiandra.

Soy Ranintaneh don cect ened RRM CRN eet te ated te SENS ch ES EEE ESER A A ELISE EEE AIOE BOBO E EO a

sopshichentel dyna tantaniciard Soa. Sitting

Austrobaileya 2(2): 147 (1985)

A NAME CHANGE IN THE GENUS BERTYA (EUPHORBIACEAE)

by G.P. Guymer

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

The new combination Bertya opponens (F. Muell, ex Benth.) Guymer, based on Croton opponens F. Muell. ex Benth.,

is made for the name of the plant more recently described as Bertya oppositifolia F. Muell. & O’Shanesy.

In preparing a revision of the genus Fontainea (Euphorbiaceae) (Jessup & Guymer,

1985) the unresolved placement of Croton opponens F. Muell. ex Benth. came to my attention.

Bentham (1873) described the species from a single imperfect specimen and commented that

‘*the opposite leaves are exceptional in the genus and may be accidental in the specimen, or

the plant may prove to belong to some other genus notwithstanding its close general

resemblance to Croton phebalioides’’. Airy Shaw (1980) stated that ‘‘it is not referable to the

genus Croton, and probably not even to the family Euphorbiaceae’’. He further added ‘*I am

not able to suggest an identification, but the plant should be recognisable by someone familiar

with the Queensland Flora’’.

I have examined, through the courtesy of the Director, National Herbarium of Victoria,

the holotype of Croton opponens and find it is conspecific with the type of the later Bertya

oppositifolia F. Muell. & O’Shanesy. A new combination is therefore necessary for this taxon

which clearly belongs in Bertya.

| Bertya opponens (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Guymer, comb. nov. Croton opponens F. Muell. ex

Benth., Fl. Austral. 6: 125-26 (1873). Type: Queensland, without date and collector

(MEL 604 903) (MEL, holotype).

Bertya oppositifolia F. Muell. & O’Shanesy, Wing’s Southern Science Record 2: 98 (May

1882), syn. nov. Type: sandy ridges west of Nogoa River, in 1879, P. O’Shanesy (MEL

104213) (MEL, lectotype, chosen here).

Bertya opponens appears to be restricted to sandstone areas in the Leichhardt Pastoral

District of Queensland. The few specimens of the species collected this century have all come

from a small area to the south-west of Emerald.

Queensland: LEICHHARDT District: Access road to ‘‘Burn Meadows’’, c. 11 miles [18 km] W of Emerald, 15 May 1962,

J. Round in Bisset E329 (BRD; 13 km SW of Emerald, N of Helens Creek on ‘‘Nogoa Downs’’, 30 Mar 1977, M@. Godwin

(BRI 225887) (BRI); W of Nogoa R., in 1879, P. O’Shanesy (MEL 104213) (MEL); Fairbairn Dam, SW of Emerald, 28

June 1981, K.A.W. Williams 81013 (BRD; “Sandhurst Park’’, Fernlees, 12 June 1934, J. Garvey BB90 (BRI); Expedition

Ra., in 1878, Thozet (MEL 104215, MEL 104216, MEL 104214) (MEL); Queensland without date and collector, (MEL

604903) (MEL).

References

AIRY SHAW, H.K. (1980). A partial synopsis of the Euphorbiaceae-Platylobeae of Australia. Kew Bulletin 35(3):621.

BENTHAM, G. (1873}. Flora Australiensis. Vol. 6. London: Reeve & Co.

JESSUP, L.W. & GUYMER, G.P. (1985). A revision of the genus Fontainea Heckel (Euphorbiaceae). Austrobaileya 2

(2): 112-125,

Austrobaileya 2(2): 148-152 (1985)

THE IRONBARKS ALLIED TO EUCALYPTUS CREBRA F. MUELL.

AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES, E.

QUADRICOSTATA, IN THE GROUP

by M.I.H. Brooker

CSIRO Division of Forest Research, Private Bag, Wembley, W.A. 6014.

Summary

The ironbark species allied to Eucalyptus crebra are discussed and £. pruinosa is rejected from this group on account of

its box bark. A new species belonging to the group, £. quadricostata, from the Pentiand district, Queensland, is described.

The ironbark eucalypts fall into three taxonomic groups. Two of these are characterised

by the inflexed staminal filaments and are themselves distinguished by the early loss of the

outer operculum (EF. paniculata group) versus the loss of the outer operculum at or near anthesis

(E. sideroxylon group). In the third group the staminal filaments are variously flexed. This

latter group largely composes the informal series Pruinosae of Pryor & Johnson (1971). The

series is more comprehensively diagnosed by: two opercula which are shed separately, reniform

cotyledons, flexuose or irregularly inflexed filaments which are all fertile, adnate anthers, and

stigmas not flared at the summit of the style. The series comprising about 15 species, is

distributed in a broad, north and eastern crescent on mainland Australia.

Within the series, delineation of species is based on the association of many features:

the ontogenetic age of leaves on the mature tree, the relative length of the operculum and the

hypanthium, the degree of decortication on the limbs, the presence or absence of pruinescence

on the branchlets, leaves, buds and fruits, the prominence of the disc in the fruit, the leaf oil

constituents, fruit size and shape, etc. In such a large group of closely related taxa, the

constancy of some of these characters, e.g. pruinescence and fruit size, is low, presumably

because of gene exchange between the taxa either direct or via intermediate forms. In contrast,

the presence alone of citral in the leaves easily distinguishes FE. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey

in this group.

THE ANOMALOUS ASSOCIATION OF EUCALYPTUS PRUINOSA WITH £. CREBRA

AND ALLIES

The informal series Pruinosae is one of 11 series in the informal section Adnataria

(Pryor & Johnson, op.cit.). These series fall into two groups recognised by the early loss of

the outer operculum versus the loss at or near anthesis. Of the former group the informal

series Pruinosae is distinguished for twelve of its thirteen published species by the ironbark

character, although the series was not intended to be diagnosed by this bark character (L.A.S.

Johnson, pers.comm.). The exception is &. pruinosa Schauer itself from which the series takes

its name. This species is a box and the bark has been repeatedly recognised as such (Mueller,

1880; Maiden, 1924; Blakely 1934; Blake, 1953). Its original classification as an ironbark

appears to be attributable to its being persistently confused with &. melanophloia F. Muell.

In fact, Mueller made his understanding clear when he stated (op. cit.) ‘. . the deeply furrowed

bark brings &. melanophioia into the series of Schizophloiae [fironbarks], while &. pruinosa

would by Southern Colonists be classed with the so-called ‘‘Box-trees’’ (Rhytiphloiae)’.

E. pruinosa has in common with &. melanophioia and E. shirleyi Maiden a crown

composed largely of ovate, glaucous, more or less sessile juvenile leaves. E. melanophiloia and

E. shirleyi have in common with the remaining ten species of the series, typical ironbark. E.

pruinosa would be better placed among the northern boxes, Pryor’s & Johnson’s informal

series Oliganthae. In other words £. pruinosa, with box bark, appears to be more anomalous

in an otherwise ironbark series than EF. melanophloia and E. shirleyi, with juvenile-leaved

crowns, do in a series showing a variety of intermediate and adult leaf forms.

When £. pruinosa \s excluded from a wholly tronbark series a new name for the series

is required. Pryor and Johnson stated that their series’ names are derived from the first-

“aspen fateh RRAGA ARS ACERT BGA SEE

149

described species, so in this case the series name would be derived from £. fibrosa F. Muell.,

E. crebra F, Muell. or E. melanophioia all of which were published in the same paper in 1859.

The most widespread of the species in the whole series, EZ. crebra, would most appropriately

provide the stem for the name, i.e. series Crebrae.

The series (.¢. Pruinosae less £. pruinosa) would be the largest in the Pryor and Johnson

classification that is not further subdivided before the species level. Probably the best available

division, according to our current knowledge of the species, would be the segregation of the

pair, £. melanophiloia and E. shirleyi into a subseries. They are fairly easily recognisable in

the field by their crowns being composed largely of ovate, glaucous, more or less sessile juvenile

leaves. The remaining ten taxa do not lend themselves to simple dichotomous grouping, and

in the key, several of the species have to be determined by a series of single steps.

KEY TO THE &. CREBRA GROUP OF IRONBARKS

i, Crown composed largely of glaucous, ovate (juvenile) leaves

2. Leaves in mature crown 5-9 x 2.5-7.5 cm; fruit 0.7-1 x 0.6-1 cm, faintly

HS SHON VBR ss eriieccagadidcounraseicacediodedhsuwraeateneetss lah icdecdew normative E.. shirleyi

2, Leaves in mature crown 5-9 x 2-3 cm; fruit 0.3-0.8 x 0,3-0.8 cm, |

smooth to faintly ribbed ............ Sos or pbiSeeeicaead head ceed rales ean sina oatrtors E.. melanephioia

1. Crown composed largely of lanceolate or broad-lanceolate, green or glaucous (adult) leaves

3, Leaf oils lemon-scented ........ Pee steep dens he atta ots at a ec See Sees wi. Staigeriana

3, Leaf oils not lemon-scented

4. Fruit strongly 4-sided, to 1.4% 0.8 cm ooo. cee ccccce eran ees E. quadricostata sp nov.

(see below)

4, Fruit not 4-sided

5. Frunt obconical, valves exserted

6. Operculum + equal to hypanthium ....... dele tadhaucnaa yet E. siderophioia!

6. Operculum longer than hypanthium, horn-shaped

7. Buds, fruit, leaves not glaucous ........... E. fibrosa subsp. fibrosa

7. Buds, fruit, leaves glaucous ...,............. E. fibrosa subsp. nubila

5. Fruit hemispherical, cupular or cylindrical, valves exserted or included

8. Disc prominent, annular, valves exserted ........... Se eget sto .. EK. cullenti

8. Disc not prominent, usually lining inside rim of fruit

9. Branches conspicuously smooth-barked ............... E. decorficans

9. Branches rough-barked

10. Buds more than 0.6 cm long

11. Branchiets and adult leaves glaucous ........... .E. whitei

il. Branchlets and adult leaves not glaucous

hekesde' aula easel eta's ari rituals tka eakena desig ues E. drepanophylla

10. Buds up to 0.6 cm long

12. Adult leaves lanceolate to broad lanceclate,

more than 2 cm broad; fruit usually glaucous

Pesce Rt tae, eKR EPP RAH EERSTE KR HERE EEE #220 Bae ne eB BRB RT HM E. jensenii

12. Adult leaves narrow-lanceolate, less than

2 cm broad: fruit usually not glaucous

SaaNesenrahia adel awit diaries was oa i sahetttendany Satag an ud Peaales EK. crebra

‘lam using £. siderophiota in the sense of Johnson (1962). The use of the name has been disputed and the problem was

discussed by Pedley (1976).

Xesus

Fig. 1. Holotype of Eucalyptus quadricostata Brooker.

Ld]

DESCRIPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NEW SPECIES

Eucalyptus quadricostata Brooker, sp.nov. affinis E. crebro F.Muell. sed foliis juvenilibus

ovatis, alabastris et fructibus magnis et conspicue in sectione quadrilateris differt.

Typus: 2.4 km west of Oakvale H.S. on Wanda Vale road, Queensland (20°24’S,

145°12’E), 28 July 1976, M.1.H. Brooker 5305 (holotypus FRI (Fig.1); isotypi BRI,

NSW, K).

Ironbark tree to 6 m tall with hard, grey-black furrowed bark to small limbs; forming

lignotubers. Cotyledons reniform. Seedling leaves for the first 2 or 3 nodes opposite, petiolate,

narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate, to 6 x 1.8 cm, dull grey-green. Juvenile leaves apparently

alternate by elongation of the intranodes, on slender petioles, ovate, up to 10 x 5 cm, dull

grey-green, intramarginal vein often prominent, remote. Adult leaves apparently alternate,

petiolate, lanceolate, to 15 x 2 cm, dull green, concolorous, densely reticulate. Inflorescences

mostly terminal panicles, some simple and axillary, ultimate units of 7 flowers on peduncles

up to 2 cm long which are slightly flattened. Buds (Fig.2) clavate, tapering to a prominent

pedicel, up to 1.3 x 0.5 cm; hypanthium square in cross-section, with 4 ribs continuing along

the pedicel; operculum pyramidal, shorter than the hypanthium. Stamens all fertile; filaments

flexuose in bud, springing from a prominent ascending staminophore, in 6 series; anthers

oblong to sub-globular, basifixed, opening by broad lateral pores. Ovary with 4 locules, each

locule opposite a rib of the hypanthium; ovules in 4 vertical rows, the inner two rows (apart

from the ovules at the base) and the upper ovules in all 4 rows not forming viable seed. Fruit

(Fig.2) prominently pedicellate, barrel-shaped with 4 prominent ribs continuing along the

pedicel, up to 1.4 x 0.8 cm; rim thick; operculum scar distinct; staminophore conspicuous,

whitish, not deciduous; disc more or less vertical; valves to rim level or slightly above. Seed

dark grey, more or less elliptical, or rounded at one end and pointed at the other, up to 0.3 x

0.15 cm, with a distinct though shallow reticulum on the dorsal side; hilum ventral. Chaff

smaller, cuboid to oblong, reddish brown.

Distribution: Queensland, north-west of Pentland (Fig.3).

Other Collections. 4 miles NW of Cordelia Stn, 3 Jul 1954, M. Lazarides 4580 (CANB, NSW); Range NW of Pentiand,

13 km S of Lolworth Creek, in 1970, R.F. Isbell 6 (CANB, BRI); 52 km NW of Pentland, 15 Oct 1974, D.J. Kent s.n.

(BRI); 9 km (by road) N of Pentland on Wanda Vale road, (20°23’S, 145°28’E), 6 Sept 1977, D.F. Blaxell 1546, 1547,

1548 (NSW, FRI; 23.9 km NW of Pentland on Oakvale road, 6 Dec 1982, A4..H. Brooker 7850 (FRI, BRI, NSW);

40 km NW of Pentland on Oakvale road, 6 Dec 1982, M.I.H. Brooker 7854 (FRI, BRI, NSW).

Eucalyptus quadricostata grows on stony plains, slopes and low hills. At the type locality

it is associated with E. papuana F. Muell. and another ironbark, &. crebra. Further north it

grows in hills with E. peltata Benth. subsp. leichhardtii (Bailey) L. Johnson & Blaxell. In the

field it is easily identified by the bark, crown of lanceolate (adult) non lemon-scented leaves,

and large quadricostate buds and fruit.

Fig, 2. Buds and fruits of Eucalyptus quadricostata Brooker x 2.

QO 20 40 60 380 100

Kilometres

CHARTERS TOWERS §

Pentland

Voy

vy,

HUGHENDEN

o o o

144 145 146

Fig. 3. Distribution of Eucalyptus quadricostata Brooker. Approximate collection sites are shown as solid circles.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Mr R. Isbell of CSIRO Division of Soils, Townsville, for bringing this

species to my attention and for discussion with him on its distribution, to Mr D. Boland, Dr

L.A.S. Johnson and Dr M.D. Crisp for comments on the manuscript, and to Mr B. Rockel

for growing seedlings of it in the glasshouse.

References

BLAKE, S.T. (1953). Botanical contributions of the Northern Australia regional survey. 1. Studies on Northern Australian

species of Eucalyptus. Australian Journal of Botany 1: 185-352.

BLAKELY, W.F. (1934). A Key to the Eucalypts. The Worker Trustees: Sydney.

JOHNSON, L.A.S. (1962), Studies in the taxonomy of Eucalyptus, Contributions from the New South Wales National

Herbarium 3: 103-126.

MAIDEN, J.H. (1924). A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus. Voi, 6. Government Printer: Sydney.

MUELLER, F. (1880). Eucalyptographia, Decade 8. Government Printer: Melbourne.

PEDLEY, L, (1976). Rejection of the names Eucalyptus fibrosa and E. siderophlota. Australian Systematic Botany

Society Newsletter No. 8, 3-5.

PRYOR, L.D. & JOHNSON, L.A.S. (1971). A Classification of the Eucalypts. Australian National University: Canberra.

Austrobaileya 2(2): 153-189 (1985)

NOTES ON SAPINDACEAE, IV

by Sally T. Reynolds

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

The genera Arytera (10 species), Dictyoneura (1 species), Elattostachys (4 species), Lepidopetalum (1 species),

Mischocarpus (9 species), Sarcotoechia (6 species), Synima (2 species), Toechima (6 species) and Tristiropsis (1 species)

are dealt with. A key to the species in each genus is provided and all species are described.

Contents

DICTVOMEUEE BLUITHC iilec cay veslcnstlnlcs dpsiaalouausten dl lcalece waldo tases ditslalalale awutuahla ep eginngsla tela nae vanes ites 153

PAL ALLOSUAGCIING SOLE IITE.. aeRic falg Se daterra neh cce dtS ween a deeclaald elias Leasle nated exci nnatasentag yd etnenatena tad tierhos 154

PRE VC CTA DELI Gc cies atin R56 TR Eh NSS RA Wee ois we tone RUAET Eben ele bacncaln EUIpD AP Died ao wan eatela eleva eh Gu IK vubrblete nates Ss 158

WEHSCHOC AI UIS FS IILE a5. 5-405 an a we ealerwetgluleatyn oi ena nase ad nbie’nswalecean s.eaa-0Wg-culde'aala sin henna ales eadateds'ialeguties 166

LEpiGOPeralu PE BRIME: cassie Ceeivedennh spacer ine veekies cena sla biiseres alvek dee danindsan ole'ntyabinbhrcanassuek' 175

AP OCCHITAR AAG e,.wicacdssk tccevaninea eben eis ATA VOLE opm e dae Le we CROE Lan aEWS bbe ee A COER EEA Ceeed bt backs was 176

AT COLOSC MIA IGEN fast vcirp o-nielé he vile nGulates sal cTutataia’s Mate claalvaeestetrintnle Aaialaleisy pede teoianaleuaieieda vainncoed aan 181

SVP IN OG Monon Libs ve wea teak olesnivenil tes Lach dab aweretaeddliteguut leds ghaesanuulse ine etd aed eri ule 186

PUTPSEITGPSES TROGIR. © )-c+c0 be cds dataleradela ac sha abiavedans as eine levee buereacah env eelva¥aled piteyasenscaealestellead 188

DICTYONEURA

Dictyoneura Blume, Rumphia 3:163 (1847); Radlk., in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f: 1219-1224

(1933). Type: D. acuminata Blume (lectotype, designated here)

Small trees; branchlets hairy towards their tips, indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves

paripinnate, petiolate; pinnae entire, crenate or serrulate, thinly coriaceous or + membranous,

usually with minute appressed glandular cells, delicately and elegantly veined with prominent,

thick, dense network of veins, petiolulate or subsessile. Inflorescence axillary, usually spiciform

with glomeruliform few-flowered cymules; bracts small, subulate. Flowers small, regular,

unisexual, monoecious, shortly pedicellate; calyx 4- or S-partite, lobes biseriate, imbricate,

suborbicular or elliptic, concave, membranous, veined, ciliolate; petals absent; disc regular,

tumid, hairy; stamens 5, filaments filiform, hairy, anthers glabrous; ovary sessile, slightly

compressed, 2— or 3-sulcate, 2— or 3-locular, locule l-ovuled, | or 2 locules abortive; style

short, thickened at apex, 2— or 3-sulcate. Capsule obovoid or subglobose, usually small,

--peppercorn-like, 1-seeded, loculicidaily dehiscent; valves fleshy; seed ellipsoid with cupular,

ventral aril at base.

Nine species, Malaysia, Philippines, New Guinea and Australia; only one in Australia.

Dictyoneura microcarpa Radlk. in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 56:293 (1920), Pflanzenr. 98f: 1222

(1933). Type: New Guinea (not seen). 7

Small trees to 3 m; branchlets and leaf-axes puberulous to glabrous. Leaf 10-21 cm

long with 3-5(-6) leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 1-1.5 cm long, pulvinate; rachis 4.5-

9 cm long, usually narrowly winged towards apex; pinnae opposite or subopposite, narrowly

elliptic or ovate-oblong, acute or + acuminate, entire or remotely serrulate towards apex,

[54

abruptly narrowing, obtuse and attenuate at base, 2.7~-10.5 x 1.2-3.5 cm, glabrous except

hairy midrib, papillose below, chartaceous, drying membranous, shiny, with elegantly arranged

dense reticulation, lateral nerves 4-10 pairs, ascending, usually with tufts of hairs along midrib;

petiolule 1-3 mm iong, tumid. Inflorescence usually unbranched. Flowers and fruits not seen

in Australian collections.

Cape York Peninsula, Queensland and Papua New Guinea; in rainforests usually along creeks

and rivers.

Papua New Guinea: Wuroi, Oriomo River, Jan-Mar 1934, Brass 5891; Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, Jan 1927, Brass 8711.

Queensland: Cook District: Bamaga, in 1962, Webb & Tracey 8023; Oct 1965, Smith 12375; Claudie River, Oct 1973,

Hyland 2930.

ELATTOSTACHYS

Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 91 (1879), & in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f: 1258

(1933). Type: £. zippeliana (Blume) Radlk., based on Cupania zippeliana Blume (lectotype,

designated here)

Trees; branchlets lenticellate, hairy towards their tips, indumentum of simple usually

short fine hairs. Leaves paripinnate; pinnae usually drying blackish or very dark brown, entire

or remotely serrulate, domatia usually present along midrib; petiolulate. Inforescences axillary,

racemes or laxly branched panicles, or racemiform or paniculiform, amentum-like when young;

bracts minute. Flowers regular, mostly unisexual with male and female in same inflorescence;

pedicels slender, articulate towards base; calyx shortly cupular, S-partite, lobes narrowly ovate

or + elliptic, imbricate, densely white hairy outside, puberulous inside; petals 5, shortly

broadly ovate or subhastate, usually abruptly long-clawed, apex acute or acuminate; scales 2,

broad, auriculiform, villous, crestless; disc regular, cupular or broadly cyathiform, glabrous:

stamens 6-8, filaments filiform, anthers large, usually as long as filaments, obovoid,

emarginate at base; ovary sessile, 3-locular, locule l-ovuled; style simple. Fruit slightly

obovoid, ellipsoid or subglobose, 3-sulcate, pericarp + fleshy, granular, loculicidally 3-

valved; valves drying thick, woody, usually crispate pilose inside; seed obovoid, brown, shiny,

with smail, laterally attached bifurcate or bilobed aril near its base.

Thirteen species, Philippines, Indonesia, Pacific Islands, New Guinea and Australia;

four in eastern Australia. &. bidwillii (Benth.) Radlk. and FE. xylocarpa (Cunn. ex F. Muell.)

Radlk. are combined here.

£7) POTTARS PPESCIIIAS 4 SiN wewles boadecwsureaga ene vad natlcew bub ea tate etal laa van dana yoiaaieg de ava naarna herr amiectanele 2

POET EA ET AW TAS OVATE arctic ate ciate eaees Becd es en Sas vp omen Ae aaah GAN gaedic hs chia s Salah inns ate ld tacoteate telbtanatetbonatals 3

2. Domatia prominent, usually along whole midrib; surfaces usually hairy; margins

serrate or serrulate, rarely entire. Flowers 4-6 mm diam. Petals 2.5-5 x I-

Dee STUNT hates Rill vie Cae en lcnhtie a eecbly ok faahee £4 dilleca valde nd aatenea a teed eaten ales eas 1. E. xylocarpa

Domatia obscure, few per leaflet; surfaces glabrous; margins entire or with few

serrulations. Flowers 8 mm diam. Petals 6.5-7 x 3.5-4.5 mm ........ 2. KE, megalantha

3. Capsule hairy outside. Calyx with dense + crispate hairs. Petals much longer

than calyx. Leaflets 1- or 2(-3)-paired ..........cscseseeseeserecesecsecncesecesecereseteteeuenees 4

Capsule glabrous outside. Calyx with dense straight long hairs. Petals shorter

than or as long as calyx. Leaflets 2~4(-6)—paired ........ cece cece eee eneeneeeeeeneeeseeeneseees 5

4. Leaflet 4-8.5 x 1-5 cm, elliptic, oblong, obovate, 2 (rarely 1 or 3)-paired,

serrate, serrulate or entire, hairy or glabrous. Flowers 4-5.5 mm diam. Petals

2.5-5 X 1-2.5 mm. Lateral nerves not decurrent on midrib ............... 1. E. xylocarpa

Leaflet 10-16 x 3.5-6.5 cm, usually ovate-oblong, falcate, 1 or 2 (rarely 3)-

paired, entire or with few serrulations, glabrous. Flowers 8 mm diam. Petals

6.5-7 K 3.5- 4.5 mm. Lateral nerves decurrent on midrib .............. 2. E. megalantha

Ue pee pan, EE ak es Ey,

De hee ronnie caer Ee

Rete (ol ae ne eee ere Oe he Ree Cer he: LOY eee: Pe ee eet eee ee ee ere ee a ee ee ee ee ee ec ee ee ee ee i

LAY

Saab

5. Capsule 1-2 x 1-2 cm, usually verrucose. Leaflets 2- or 3~paired, 4 or 5 times

as long as wide, thick, glossy, strongly nerved, midrib thick and wide especially

CLOW br inate traders vanities pee LOR ROSS ade hE atts TEE LG et Plea Tata d kas 3. E. nervosa

Capsule 0. 8-1.2 x 1-1.5 cm, usually not verrucose. Leaflets 2~4(-6)—paired,

3 times as long as wide, thin, finely nerved (usually ential nerved and

serrulate), midrib not as brian oj i rene dace en me ak tee 4, E, microcarpa

1. Elattostachys xylocarpa (Cunn. ex F. Muell.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 112 (1879), & in

Engier, Pflanzenr. 98f: 1263 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 353 (1927); Francis,

Aust. Rain-For. Trees, ed. 3: 257 (1970). Based on Cupenia xylocarpa Cunn. ex F.

Muell., Trans. & Proc. Philos, Inst. Vic. 3: 27 (1859); Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 459 (1863);

FM. Bailey, Synop. Od FI. 76 (1883), Qd FI. 1: 293 (1899). Type: Brisbane River, A.

Cunningham (K, lecto). |

E. bidwillii (Benth.) Radik., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 112 (1879). Based on Cupania bidwiilti

Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 460 (1863). Type: Wide Bay, J.C. Bidwili (kK, holo).

Small trees 4~10 m; young parts, branchlets and leaf-axes finely pubescent or puberulent

with pale usually spreading hairs, soon glabrous. Leaf 7-15 cm long with {1 or 2 (-3) pairs of

leaflets; petiole 2-4 cm long, semiterete, pulvinate; rachis 1.7—5 cm long; pinnae opposite to

alternate, variable, elliptic, obovate or oblong, rarely slightly ovate, obtuse or subacute, rarely

subtruncate or acute, coarsely remotely serrulate, serrate or entire, base obtuse, subtruncate

or subacute, 4-8. 5(-10. 5) x 1-5 cm, puberulous or glabrous above, pubescent to glabrous

below, thinly coriaceous, usually finely nerved and reticulate, lateral nerves 8-12 pairs,

divaricate or suberect, reticulation lax; domatia usually prominent, hairy, present along midrib,

rarely absent; petiolules 1-7 mm long, semiterete, pulvinate. Inflorescence usually small,

racemose or panicled, 1-10.5 x 2-5 em, peduncles densely villous or shortly pubescent.

Flowers 4~5.5 mm diam.; pedicels 2.5~4 mm long, pubescent; calyx lobes narrowly ovate-

elliptic, 3-4 x 1~-1.25 mm, crispate tomentose outside, sparsely hairy inside; petals 2.5-5 x

]-2.5 mm, ovate, subhastate, acute or acuminate, shortly clawed, glabrous except for sparsely

villous recurved scales; disc cupular, toothed; filaments 3-4 mm long, glabrous, anthers 2-

2.5 mm long, glabrous. Fruit mostly subobovoid, grooved at sutures, 1.5-2 «x 1.5-2,2 cm, +

yellow-green on outside, pink-purplish side; valves thick, slightly granular, sparsely shortly

pale brown hairy outside; aril small, white to purple-pink, broadly bifurcate with 2 broad

arms on either side of seed.

Rockhampton, Queensland to Orara River, New South Wales: in softwood scrubs and scrub

remnants, on steep hilisides, rocky ridges and mountain sides with moist guilies, on sandy or

rocky soil.

Queensland: Port Curtis Districr: Woodend, Rockhampton District, Mar 1920, Francis; Greychffe, Callide Valley,

Apr 1937, Waite. LeicuHuarpt Disrrict: isla Gorge, ea 28 km SW of Theodore, Aug 1973, Sharpe & Hackings; Cracow:

‘Taroom Road, about 32 km E of Taroom, May 1960, Johnson 1648; Duk’s Plain, Gyranda outstation, Aug 1976,

Williams 76023. Burnett Dis rrict: 9 km E of Gayndah, Mar 1981, Forster 1536 & 1537: Goodnight S.F., W of Booyal,

May 1981, Jessup 358 & 361; about 22 km NW of Ban Ban Springs (25°30'S, 151°40"5), May 1977, Olsen & Byrnes

3529. WIDE Bay District: Imbil, Apr 1917, Swain; Woowonga Ra., Oct 1978, Young. MORETON District: World’s

End Pocket, ca 15 km NW of Ipswich, Dec 1979, Bird; Upper Brookfield, Brisbane, Feb 1978, Jessup 47; Beechmont,

Dec 1978, Jessun & Reynolds 159, DARLING DOWNS District: Mt Kiangarow, Dec 1954. Smith 6258. New South Wales:

Western slope above O’Donnell’s Creek, SW of Wiangaree, Oct 1966, Hayes, Turner & McGilivray 2571; Gienugie

Peak, Pickard & Blaxeli 243.

Common Name: Native Tamarind.

Ei. xviocarpa and £. bidwillii have been combined here. Both taxa are very variable and

intermediates occur throughout the extension of their range and it is hard te separate them

out even as subspecies or varieties. Previously the hairy-leaved form with shorter leaflets, with

serrate or serrulate margins and prominent domatia along the midrib was called £. xylocarpa,

and the more or less glabrous form with elongate leaflets with entire or rarely serrulate margins

and fewer domatia was called &. bidwillii. The hairy form usually occurs in drier rainforests

and the + glabrous one in wetter rainforests.

2. Elattostachys megalantha S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Austraha 25: Gn press). Type: Coox District:

®.F.R. 700, Gadgarra, Jan 1975, &8.P.M44. Hyland 3166 (BRI, holo; QRS, iso).

Trees to 10 m high, to 50 cm girth; young parts, branchlets and leaf-axes with fine

short appressed or spreading hairs, soon glabrous, branchlets with pale pustular lenticels. Leaf

{2.5-20 cm long with 1 or 2(-3) pairs of leaflets; petiole 2.5-6.5 cm long, terete, pulvinate;

———

——_ oe ——_——— — Sei cca, mae

—————— ee

Fig. 1. ELATTOSTACHYS. E. megalantha: A. habit with flowers (Hyland 3167) x 1. B. flower (Hyland 3166) x 6. C.

petal (Hyland 3167) x 6. D, calyx lobe (Ayland 3167) x 6. E. fruits Grvine 507) x 1. F. seed with aril (irvine 507) x 3,

E. microcarpa: G. habit with fruit (Webb & Tracey 13275) x 1.

REAR ete a eh WB I Se

137

rachis 0.6-1.8 cm long; leaflets usually subopposite, ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, falcate

or subfalcate, acute or subacute, entire or subentire, base subacute or obtuse, unequal, the

lamina usually folded at base with the adjacent faces of lamina forming a channel above, 10-

16 x 3.5-6.5 cm, glabrous, coriaceous, shiny above, midrib broad, strongly raised below,

ridged above; lateral nerves 9-13 pairs, subpatent, raised below, decurrent on midrib, drying

very pale, with fine lax reticulation between them; domatia if present obscure, 1 or 2 per

leaflet; petiolule 6-8 mm long, shortly pulvinate. Panicles 4-10.5 cm long and as wide,

polygamo-monoecious, peduncles shortly pale brown pubescent. Flowers 8 mm diam., cream;

pedicels 5-8 mm long, pubescent; calyx lobes broadly ovate-elliptic, 4-4.5 x 2-3 mm, +

crispate tomentose outside, sparsely villous inside; petals broadly ovate, subhastate usually

abruptly long-clawed, 6.5-7 x 3.5-4 mm, densely villous outside towards claw and on scales:

disc cupular, lobed at margins, fleshly; filaments [-3 mm long, glabrous, anthers 2.5 mm

long, glabrous; ovary appressed pubescent, style 3 mm long. Fruit dull yellow-green, 1.7-2.2

x 1.5-2 cm, ellipsoid-obovoid, grooved at sutures, slightly granular; valves red-pink at sutures

inside, sparsely short hairy and scurfy outside; pilose inside; aril broadly bifurcate with 2

slender arms on either side of shiny brownish-red seed. Fig. 1A-F.

Known only from around Gadgarra, Queensland; in rainforests (alt. 700-800 m).

Queensland: Cook District: Gadgarra, May 1973, Irvine 507; Mar 1974, Irvine 777; Jan 1975, Hyland 3167.

° This species differs from all other Australian species in having larger leaflets and

owers.

3. Elattostachys nervosa (F. Mueil.) Radik., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 112 (1879), & in Engler,

Pflanzenr. 98f:1263 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 354 (1927); Francis, Aust. Rain-

For. Trees ed. 3: 260 (1970). Based on Cupania nervosa F. Muell., Trans. & Proc.

Philos. Inst. Vic. 3: 27 (1859); Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 459 (1863); F.M. Bailey, Synop. Qd

Fl. 76 (1883); Qd FI. 1: 293 (1899). Cupania xylocarpa var. nervosa (F. Muell.) C.

Moore, Fl. N.S.W. 91 (1893). Types: Richmond River, C. Moore (syn, not seen):

Moreton Bay and Richmond River, W. Hill & F. Mueller (MEL 84184, syn).

Trees to 12 m; young parts, branchlets and leaf-axes shortly appressed pubescent or

puberulent, soon glabrous. Leaf 15-24(—34) cm long with 2 or 3 leaflets each side of rachis;

petiole 4-5 cm long, subterete, pulvinate; rachis 3-8 cm long, adaxially ridged; pinnae opposite

or alternate, narrowly ovate or elliptic, attenuate acuminate or acute, usually falcate, entire

or remotely serrulate, base acute or obtuse, shortly attenuate, usuaily oblique, 9-18.5 x 2-

4.5 cm, glabrous, glossy, thickly coriaceous, midrib thick and raised on both surfaces especially

below, lateral nerves 10-26 pairs, + patent, prominent; domatia absent; petiolules 3-S mm

long, subterete, pulvinate. Panicles or racemes densely flowered, 2.5-6.5 cm long, peduncles

densely pale rusty-brown tomentose or puberulent. Flowers 4—6 mm diam.; pedicels 2.5-4 mm

long, appressed pubescent; calyx lobes elliptic or narrowly ovate, 2-2.5 x 1.2 mm, pubescent

with straight, + appressed hairs; petals white, 2.5-3.5 x 2 mm, ovate, usually narrowly

clawed, puberulent outside, densely hairy inside especially on scales; disc cupular; filaments

J-2.5 mm long, glabrous, anthers 2 mm long, villous; ovary villous. Fruit red or pink,

subglobose or obovoid, slightly depressed on top, 1-2 cm long and in diam., usually verrucose,

slightly ridged at sutures when dry, glabrous outside; aril red-purple, broadly bifurcate with

2~lobed lateral arms on either side of seed.

South-eastern Queensland to Williams River, New South Wales; on rainforest margins, usually

in hilly country.

Queensland: WIDE BAy District: Gympie, Kenny; Imbil, Mar 1977, Palmer; Jun 1947, Smith & Webb 3149; Jun 1980,

Larson; Kin Kin, Dec 1919, Frencis. BURNETT Ditrict: Gallan-Gowan, Mar 1917, Swain. MoRETON Districr: Mt

Mellum, Glasshouse Mts, May 1957, Wilson 694; S.F. 283, Colinton, Apr 1978, Jessup & McDonald 83; Tamborine Mt,

Oct 1909, Simmonds; Beechmont, Dec 1978, Jessup & Reynolds 160, New South Wales: Coneac District, Feb 1937,

Vickery NSW 106408.

4. Elattostachys microcarpa S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (in press). Type: Coox DISTRICT:

Cedar Bay, N of Bloomfield River, 15°49’S, 145°20’E, Jan 1973, L.J. Webb & J.G.

Tracey 13275 (BRI, holo).

158

Small trees 4~10 m; young parts, branchlets and leaf-axes puberulous or glabrous. Leaf

19-25 cm long with 2~4(-6) leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 2.5-5.5 cm, subterete, pulvinate;

rachis 3.5~7.5 cm long, terete, adaxially ridged; pinnae alternate; narrowly elliptic or ovate,

or subovate~oblong, rarely falcate, acute or acuminate, remotely serrulate (usually regularly

serrulate or bluntly serrate and nerved in juveniles) or subentire, bases acute or obtuse, shortly

attenuate or subtruncate, 6.5-14.5(-17) « 2.5-5.2(-6) cm, glabrous or puberulous on midrib

below, thinly coriaceous, midrib raised below, forming a slender ridge above, fmely nerved

and reticulate, lateral nerves 15-19 pairs, subpatent; domatia absent; petiolules 6-8 mm long,

subterete, slender, pulvinate. Inflorescence unbranched or with one branch, 5~7.5 cm long,

peduncles shortly pubescent or puberulent. Flowers 5-6 mm diam., males more numerous

and smaller; pedicels 2-3 mm long, pubescent; calyx lobes ovate, 2.5- 2.7% 1,5-2 mm, densely

pubescent with straight appressed hairs and scurfy outside, thinly hairy inside with + crispate

hairs; petals 2.5-3 x 2-2.2 mm, broadly ovate with long tubular claw, pubescent or

puberulent; filaments 2.5-3.5 mm long, pilose or glabrous, anthers 1.7 mm long; ovary

puberulent. Fruit pink, 0.8-1.2 «x 1-1.2 em, subglobose or subobovoid, smooth or slightly

verrucose, glabrous outside; aril small, broadly cyathiform, broadly 2-lobed. Fig. 1G.

Mcellwraith Ra. to near Cairns, north Queensland; in semideciduous forests on rocky mountain

sides and foot hills, usually on granite.

Queensland: Coox District: Rocky River NE of Coen, Mcliwraith Ra, (13°47’S, 145°25°E), Gct 1969, Webb & Tracey

9457; 1 km W of Lily Creek, [2 km E of Cooktown, Apr 1975, McDonald & Batianoff 1558; Windsor Tableland, near

Daintree, Oct 1971, Hyland 5552: Mt Lewis, Feb 1979, Jago 282 (QRS); Whitfield Ra., near ‘Cairns, Dec 1977, Jago 5;

S.F.R. 607, N of Danbulta, {17°00°S, 145°35’B), Dockrill 14385,

The species is nearest to &. nxervosa from which it differs in having smaller fruits,

leaflets also 2-4-paired, usually regularly serrulate and nerved. It approaches £, verrucosa

(Blume) Radik. (from Philippines and Indonesia) but its capsules are smaller and not verrucose

outside and its petals are not minute as in &. verrucosa.

ARYTERA

Arytera Blume, Rumphia 3: 169 (1847); van der Ham, Blumea 23: 289-300 (1977). Type: A.

littoralis Blume (lectotype, designated here)

Trees mostly small; twigs usually very pale, lenticellate; indumentum cf simple hairs.

Leaves petiolate, paripinnate; pinnae usually red and limp when young, entire or serrulate,

thinly coriaceous, lateral nerves usually strongly arched and ascending, raised below, usually

with parallel cross-veins between them; domatia usually present along midrib; petiolulate.

Inflorescence axillary or ramiflorous, racemiform or paniculiform, usually monoecious,

cymules stalked; bracts small, ovate. Flowers small, regular; pedicel articulate towards base;

calyx broadly cupular, deeply $—lobed, lobes ovate: petals 5, ovate or triangular usually clawed,

or subrhomboidal, on inside with 2 crestless scales; disc complete; stamens 6-8, filaments

filiform, hairy, anthers usually hairy; ovary usually 2~ or 3-lobed (1 or 2 lobes abortive), 2-

or 3-locular, ovule 1 per locule; style usually short, with 2~ or 3-toothed or deeply lobed

recurved stigmas. Fruit deeply 2- or 3-lobed, lobes connate towards base, mostly divaricate,

distinct, regular, ellipsoid, subglobose, obovoid or ovoid, or fruits 1~lobed, or not lobed, or

irregularly lobed, irregularly dehiscent or lobes loculicidally dehiscent and 2-valved; pericarp

thinly fleshy or coriaceous, endocarp sometimes with sclerenchymatous layer; valves drying

thin, + woody or crustaceous; seed obovoid or ellipsoid; aril slightly fleshy, cupular or saccate,

usually enclosing seed, attached at base to. endocarp by a narrow ring.

Twenty-three species, Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, eastern

Australia; ten in Australia. 4. oshanesiana (F. Muelil.) Radlk. and A. leichhardtij (Benth.}

Radlk, var. hebepetala (Benth.) Radlk. are placed in synonymy under A. divaricata F. Muell.

and A. foveolaia F. Muell. respectively.

l. Leaflets 4—-8—paired, with minute domatia along midrib. Fruit drying black,

irregularly lobed or not lobed, irregularly dehiscent or by valves; endocarp

glabrous, with sclerenchyma layer ..........ccccscesevenceovecuveanavavseccutererrtvesteeseveear 2

Leaflets 1-3(-4)—paired, domatia not as above or absent. Fruit usually

2-lobed with divaricate lobes or l-lobed, lobes 2-valved: endocarp not as

above, usually Hairy .......ccccceecceneeeeos pdariel Sew esas pete ded eg votePeG tak ek Wins tee est aon 3

159

2. Leaflets 5-8—paired, 4 or 5 times as long as wide, entire or serrulate. Fruit

with a long stipe, irregularly dehiscent or by valves ...............005. |. A. lautereriana

Leaflets 4-6—-paired, about 3 times as long as wide, entire. Fruit sessile

or with a short stipe, irregularly dehiscent .........ccccceccccesseeeeees 2. A. macrobotrys

Sis eAVeS DITOHOLALE cl liv secs Pusceday seein Hite gertheit das vameal eben red rads he Rerinie aed iiauemeae trans $s 4

Léaves ustially 2+ OF 3-(-4)=paired 2.05 ccs cnv seeds enqWeswe teadus 4 eaves eee sueaevetabasdaserereess 6

4, Domatia present, prominent. Endocarp densely villous ..............cceeeeeecee: 3, A. distylis

Domatia absent. Endocarp villous or glabrous with villous sutures ........ccseeseseseeses:

5. Leaflets 2-5 x 0.8-3 cm, entire or serrulate. Endocarp densely villous

gary wideee'y cole tiled Urtin ee hak a's bNuty dealy CNLUT opera ated eye te dak ay Mlanearihe ease NEMS 4. A. microphylla

Leaflets 6-19.5 x 2.8-5.5 cm, entire. Endocarp glabrous except sparsely

VEHOUS, SUUIIPOR § bea boca aga parwen ve nias eden ea detces eieatagere rede avepees tn 5. A. bifoliolata

6. Indumentum on branchlets, leaves and peduncles of rusty-brown crispate hairs ......... Fi

Indumentum if present not of crispate Hairs ........ccccsseccccscnscucevceccarececesesuvasncesens 8

7. Leaflets 2—paired, opposite, 8-15 x 3.5-7 cm, entire, drying pale above.

Branchlets and leaf-axes sparsely pale brown hairy ..........c.scccseeseneeseaueeeees A. sp.

Leaflets 4-6, subopposite or alternate, 6-12.5 x 2.5-3.5 cm, entire or

serrulate, not pale above. Branchlets and leaf-axes usually densely rusty

POPPETITOSE roo ois ceg cae vd wen wteenlg ee peth ain vie bad baad bas brane Hdd ens roraMtegehety 6. A. foveolata

8. Inflorescence usually ramiflorous, small, few-flowered, cymose or racemose,

to 4 cm long. Pedicel 4-12 mm long. Lateral nerves strongly raised below,

usually bullate, cross-veins and fine reticulation forming a delicate network

gSCE isd ceia ane bia sae S sway ea hinldn ye En EVE apae Lead CSAS RAE Re ean Contained eit 7. A. paucifiora

Inflorescence axillary, larger, paniculiform or racemiform. Pedicel 1-6 mm

long. Nerves and reticulation not with above set of characters .......ccccssseuceeeereees 9

9. Leaflets 2-paired, finely nerved and reticulate with reticulate venation forming

a delicate elegant network. Domatia small, few, or absent. Inflorescence

racemiform. Branchlets densely rusty-brown hairy, with dense short hairs

intermingled with longer ONES .......cccccctcuvevceesseeeeeeeeeteeteteeeenes 8. A. dictyoneura

Leaflets 2-4-paired; lateral nerves strongly raised below, cross-veins and fine

reticulation prominent. Domatia prominent along midrib. Inflorescence

paniculiform. Branchlets usually shortly pale or brown hairy......... 9, A. divaricata

1. Arytera lautereriana (Bailey) Radik., Feddes Repert. 20:37 (1924); Francis, Aust. Rain-

For. Trees ed. 3:260 (1970); van der Ham, Blumea 23: 291 (1977). Based on Nephelium

lautererianum Bailey, Qd Bot. Bull. 4: 8 (1891); Qd FI. 1: 304 (1899). Type: Eudlo

Scrub, Qld, .H. Simmonds & F.M. Bailey (BRI 25328, holo).

Trees to 30 m high, 50 cm girth, sometimes buttressed, glabrous except puberulous

younger parts and inflorescences, branchlets and leaf-axes lenticellate. Leaf glossy green, 21-

36 cm long with (5—)6-8 leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 3.5-6.5 cm long, subterete, broadly

pulvinate; rachis (4-)10-15 cm long, semiterete; pinnae alternate or subopposite, usually

narrowly elliptic-oblong, subobovate or ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminate, acute or obtuse,

entire or serrulate, base attenuate decurrent into petiolules, 5.5-15 x 1.5-3 cm, glabrous,

obscurely pellucid-dotted, finely nerved and reticulate, lateral nerves 14-26 pairs, spreading,

with prominent transverse veinlets between them; domatia small, present along midrib;

petiolule 0.8-1.8 cm long, slender, with long fleshy pulvinus. Panicles axillary, 6-24 cm long

and nearly as wide, peduncles appressed puberulous or glabrous, cymules 3-5—flowered; bracts

ovate | x 1 mm, glabrous. Flowers 2.5-3.5 mm diam., white, perfumed; pedicels 2-3.5 mm

long, puberulous or glabrous; calyx 1.5 x 3 mm, lobes obtuse 1 x 1 mm, gland-dotted,

glabrous; petals 1.5-2 x 1 mm, broadly ovate, long-clawed, denticulate, glabrous except

scales; disc glabrous; filaments 2.5-4 mm long, pilose, anthers glabrous; ovary long stipitate,

glabrous, style slender, 2 mm long, stigma 3-lobed, recurved. Fruit abruptly long stipitate,

160

transversely ellipsoid or subglobose, irregularly 1- or 2(-3)—lobed, l- 2 x 1-4 cm, 3~locular,

lobes 2~valved or irregularly dehiscent; valves thin, glabrous except small tuft of hairs at

attachment of seed; endocarp with a layer of sclerenchymatous tissue radiating and reaching

up to 2/3 of locule; seed slightly compressed, 1 x 1-1.5 cm, enclosed in fleshy smooth amber

aril; stipe 5-8 mm long. Fig. 2F.

Atherton Tableland to south-eastern Queensland; in montane rainforests (alt, 200-700 m) on

poorer soils.

Queensland: Cook Distrricr: Between Mt Edith and Danbulla, near Kairi, Aug 1947, Svuth 3366; Gadgarra, 9.6 km E

of Lake Eacham, Aug 1963, Schodde 3205. NorTH KENNEDY District: Broken River, May 1975, Hyland 4218. Sours

KENNEDY DIstTRICT: Dalrymple Heights and vicinity, Nov 1947, Clemens: Eungella Ra., Sep 1938, White 12871. Port

Curtis Disrrict: Bulburin S.F. 67, Upper Boyne River near Scott Rd crossin , Apr 1980, McDonald, Fisher & Ryan

3183. Wioe Bay District: Kin Kin, ‘Dec 1980, Reid. Moreton District: MtG orious, W of Brisbane, jun 1978, Jessup

& Reynolds 123.

Common Name: Corduroy Tamarind.

Uses: Tamarind-flavoured pulp (aril) is reported to be used for jams. Wood is said to be

suitable for flooring.

2. Aryfera macrebotrys (Merr. & Perry) van der Ham, Blumea 23: 291 (1977). Based on

Mischocarpus marcrobotrys Merr. & Perry, J. Arnold Arb. 21: 524 (1940). Type: East

New Guinea, Middle Fly River, Lake Daviumbu, Aug 1936, L.J/. Brass 7618 (BRI, iso).

Trees to 10 m high, 20 em girth, occasionally buttressed; glabrous except appressed

hairy young parts and inflorescence, branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles lenticellate. Leaf 36—-

48 cm long with 4-6(-7)-leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 6.5-13.5 cm long, subterete with

large fleshy pulvinus; rachis 21-26 cm long; pinnae alternate, elliptic-oblong or subovate-

oblong, obtuse, subacute or subacumiinate, entire, base obtuse usually shortly attenuate and

decurrent, oblique, 8.5-20.5 x 3.45-6.5 cm, coriaceous, lateral nerves 8-14 pairs, subarcuate

arched at their tips, strongly raised below, usually with minute domatia in their axils; petioiule

0.5-1,5 cm long, pulvinus long, Panicles axillary, 10-36 cm long, to 12.5 om wide, male

panicles usually much-branched densely flowered; peduncles shortly appressed pubescent,

primary ones globose at base, cymules 2-6-flowered. Flowers 2,5-3 mm diam., white; pedicel

1.5-2 mm long, pubescent; calyx 1.2-1.5 x 2-3 mm, lobes broadly ovate, to | x 1 mm,

puberulent outside; petals broadly ovate, shortly-clawed, 1~1.5 mm long and wide, glabrous

outside, slightly villous on scales; disc glabrous, 5-lobed; filaments 2-3 mm long, pilose,

anthers glabrous; ovary 3~locular, style slender, stigma 2- or 3~lobed, recurved. Fruit sessile

or shortly stipitate, subglobase ellipsoid or obovoid, usually 1-lobed or indistinctly 2-lobed,

or not lobed, drying black shiny, 2~3 x 2-3 cm; pericarp coriaceous, irregularly dehiscent,

glabrous; endocarp with sclerenchymatous layer radiating and reaching up to about % of

locule; seed obovoid, to 2 x 2.3 cm, enclosed in acidic, translucent orange-yellow smooth

aril.

Cape York Peninsula; usually in rainforest margins. Also in New Guinea.

New Guinea: Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Aug 1936, Brass 7464; Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt

island, Oct 1936, Brass 8057. Queensland: Coox District: Claudie River near Iron Ra., Ful 1972, Dackrili 467, Nov

1977, Hyland 3574; Mcliwraith Ra., NE of Coen, in 1962, Webb & Tracey 7968; Chester River, near McIiwraith Ra.,

hd 1977, Hyland 3537 (ORS,)

3. Arytera distylis (PF. Mueli. ex Benth.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 44 (1879); Domin, Biblioth.

Bot. 89: 355 (1927); Francis, Aust. Rain-For. Trees, ed. 3:260 (1970). Based on Ratonia

distylis F. Muell. ex Benth,, Fl. Aust, 1: 462 (1863). Types: Brisbane River, Moreton

Bay, W. Aili (NSW 166328,? syn); Port Denison, &. Frtzalan (syn, not seen); Bunija

Creek Brush, L. Leichhardt (syn, not seen).

Nephelium distylis (F. Muell. ex Benth.) F. Muell., Fragm. 9: 99 (1875): F.M. Bailey, Od

Fl. 1:305 (1899). Based on Ratontia distylis.

Trees 20 m; young parts and peduncles usually finely appressed pubescent, branchlets

lenticellate. Leaf bifoliclate; petiole 0.5~{ cm long, semiterete, pulvimate; pinnae elliptic,

subobovate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse, subretuse, rarely bluntly acuminate,

entire, base subacute, 3-7.5 x 1.5-3.5 cm, glabrous or lower surfaces puberulous or

glabrescent, thinly coriaceous, dull green above, lateral nerves 6-11 pairs, subpatent, usually

with large pocket-like domatia in some of their axils; petiolules 3~5 mm long, tumid.

+ UNE phy SERRA Rg ob Dt oh eo Sa Le pS ST

16]

inflorescence axillary, slender, racemiform, 2-8.5 cm long, rarely branched, dioecious.

Flowers 3-3.5 mm diam.; pedicels 1.5~3.5 mm long, puberulent; calyx 1.5-3.5 mm, lobes

ovate to 1 x 1 mm, pubescent outside; petals subrhomboidal, 1.5-2 x 0,5-1 mm, puberulous

outside and on scales; disc deeply lobed, glabrous; filaments to 1.5 mm long, densely hairy,

anthers hairy; ovary stipitate, compressed, 2-lobed, style short with 2 linear, recurved stigmas,

persistent. Fruit broadly obcordate, abruptly narrowed into short stipe, deeply lobed at apex

with 2 divaricate or erect ellipsoid lobes or fruits 1-lobed, orange-yellow, 0.4-1.8 cm long

(including stipe), 1-2.5 cm diam.; valves thinly fleshy, glabrous outside, densely rusty crispate

hairy inside; aril smooth, thin, red, nearly enclosing seed; stipe 2-6 mm long. Fig. 2J.

South-eastern Queensland to Richmond River, New South Wales; usually on ranges in remnant

rainforest or in border of rainforest.

Queensland: Wipe Bay District: Kin Kin, White (BRI 70858). Moreron District: Nambour, Oct 1951, Blake 2776;

Rosen Lookout, Beechmont, Dec 1978, Jessup & Reynolds 164; Upper Brookfield, Brisbane, Sep 1980, Jessup 266. New

South Wales: Manyon-Duneon Rd, Dorroughby, Dee 1953, Sith 5110.

4. Arytera microphylla (Benth.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind, 44 (1879); Domin, Biblioth. Bot.

89: 355 (1927). Based on Nephelium microphylium Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 468 (1863);

F.M. Bailey, Qd FI. 1:305 (1899). Type: Wide Bay, /.C. Bidwilf (not seen),

Small trees to 3 m; young parts, leaf-axes and inflorescence minutely pubescent or

puberulent; branchlets pale, lenticellate. Leaf bifoliolate; petiole 0.4-1.8 cm long, semiterete;

pinnae broadly elliptic or obovate, obtuse rounded truncate or retuse, entire or sparsely

serrulate towards apex, base obtuse shortly attenuate and decurrent into petiolule, 2~4 x 0.8-

2,2 CM, coriaceous, prominently finely nerved and reticulate; lateral nerves 8-12 pairs,

suboblique, decurrent on midrib, transverse veinlets prominent; petiolule tumid, 1-2 mm long,

puberulent. Inflorescence axillary racemiform, 2.5-8 cm long. Flowers 2.5 mm diam.: pedicel

1-2 mm long; calyx 5-sect, lobes narrowly ovate, obtuse, 1-!.3 x 0.45-1 mm, puberulous

outside; petals not seen; disc 5- or 6-lobed, glabrous; filaments 2-2.5 mm long, pilose, anthers

glabrous. Fruits divaricately 2~lobed, abruptly stipitate, rarely 3~ or 1-lobed, 0.4-0.6 x I-

1.2 cm, lobes ellipsoid, grooved at sutures; valves thin, glabrous outside, villous inside; aril

thin, smooth: stipe 2-3 mm long.

south-eastern Queensland from Bundaberg to Kingaroy; in rainforests.

Queensland: Wipe Bay District: Coondom, 32 km W of Bundaberg, Sep 1981, Sarnadsky 7, Goodnight scrub, near

Bundaberg, Jan 1957, Sith 9854: Bingera, Oct 1948, Sruth 4110; Biggenden, AfeLachian GARI 71294). BurRNETT

District: Edenvale Hill, near Kingaroy, Aug 1947, Michael 3029.

5S. Arytera bifoliolata S.T. Reynolds, Fi. Australia 25: Gin press). Type: Coox District:

Lockerbie, Cape York Peninsula, Dec 1962, B.P.M. Hyland 2533 (BRI, holo).

Small trees to 10 m high, 30 cm girth, sometimes buttressed; glabrous except shortly

appressed hairy young parts and inflorescences; branchlets usually densely lenticellate. Leaf

bifoliolate; petiole 1-2 cm long, terete, shortly pulvinate: pinnae elliptic-oblong or subovate-

oblong, acute or obtuse at both ends, entire, 6-19.5 «x 2.8~5.5 cm, thinly coriaceous, finely

nerved and reticulate; lateral nerves 12-16 pairs, spreading, looping away from margins;

domatia absent; petiolules 3-8 mm long, subterete, usually tumid, with long pulvinus. Panicles

laxly branched, 2-7 cm long and as wide, monoecious; peduncles shortly pale brown pubescent

or puberulent. Flowers 3.5-4.5 mm diam.; pedicel 2~3 mm long; calyx 2 x 4 mm, lobes ovate,

1.5 x 1-1.5 mm, puberulous outside; petals rhomboidal obtuse, 2 x 1.5 mm, scales longer,

puberulous outside and on scales; disc crenulate, glabrous; filaments 2~3.5 mm long, sparsely

patent hairy, anthers puberulous; ovary stipitate, usually 2~lobed, compressed, puberulous,

style short, stigma deeply 2~ or 3-lobed, linear, recurved, persistent, Fruits obcordate, abruptly

and shortly stipitate, deeply 2~lobed with erect ellipsoid lobes, rarely l-iobed, 1-1.5 x 0.5-

1.5 cm; valves thin, crustaceous, glabrous except slightly villous sutures on inside; aril thin,

smooth, enclosing seed. Fig. 2E.

Northern Territory and Cape York Peninsula, Queensland: in rainforests bordering

mangroves, on sandstone and on lateritic soul.

Fig. 2, ARYTERA. A. pauciflora: A. habit with flowers (Hopkins & Graham P465) x 1. B. petal x 12. C. calyx lobe x

12. D. fruit (Graham 3206) x 1. A. bifoliolata. E. habit with flowers (Hyland 10854) x 1. A. lautereriana: F. fruits

(Reid BRI 270752) x 1. A. divaricata: G. fruits (Hyland 2764) x 1. A. foveolata: H. fruits (Bird BRI 283958) x 1. I.

seed with aril (Bird BRI 283958) x 4. A. distylis: J. fruits (Jessup 164 & Reynolds) x |.

163

Northern Territory: Wessel Is., Oct 1972, Latz 3506; Little Nourlangie Rock, Mar 1979, Dunfop 5062 (DNA). Queenstand:

Cook District: Shelburne Bay area (11° 40’S, 142° 50’B), Webb & Tracey 13122; Olive River, Temple Bay, Webb &

Tracey 13121; Weipa, Sep 1980, Godwin; Pacoe River, Nov 1977, Webb & Tracey 13247; Pin Pin, W of Lockhart River,

Oct 1973, Hyland 2926; near Coen (13° 54’S, 143° 25’E), Nov 1980, Hyland 10854; Annan River crossing, 8 km SSW

of Cooktown, Aug 1959, Smith 10638.

This species looks similar to A. distylis especially in the fruits, but differs from it in its

longer leaflets (about 2 or 3 times larger), absence of domatia, paniculiform inflorescence,

and glabrous endocarp with slightly villous sutures.

6. Arytera foveolata F. Muell., Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Vic. 3: 24 (1859); Radlk.,

Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9: 553 (1879); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 355(1927); Francis,

Aust. Rain-For. Trees ed. 3:260 (1970); van der Ham, Blumea 23: 292 (1977). Type:

Moreton Bay, W. Hill & F. Mueller (not seen).

Nephelium foveolatum (F. Muell.) Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 466 (1863); F. Muell., Fragm. 9:

99 (1875); F.M. Bailey, Qd FI. 1: 304 (1899). Based on Arytera foveolata.

Euphoria leichhardtii var. hebepetala Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 468 (1863). Type: Nurrum

Nurrum, Leichhardt (MEL 74655, holo; MEL 74656, K, iso).

Arytera leichhardtii var. hebepetala (Benth.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 44 (1879); van

der Ham, Blumea 23: 291 (1977). Based on Euphoria leichhardtii var. hebepetala.

Small trees to 15 m; twigs whitish with numerous small lenticels; young parts,

branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles densely ferruginous crispate tomentose to glabrescent.

Leaves pale green, 13.5-19 cm long with 2 or 3 leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 1.5-4.5 cm

long, terete, broad at base; rachis i-5 cm long, semiterete; pinnae subopposite or aiternate,

usually narrowly elliptic or subovate, tapering acuminate, subacute or obtuse, entire, repand

or irregularly serrulate, base acute or obtuse, 6-12.5 x 2.3-3.5 cm, glabrous and usually

glossy above, puberulous especially on midrib below, thinly coriaceous; lateral nerves 7-12

pairs, usually divaricate, regular, parallel, looping at margins, raised below, with prominent

regular cross-veins and fine reticulation between them; domatia usually hairy, present along

midrib; petiolules 5-8 mm long, tumid. Panicles axillary, erect, 3-14 cm long and wide, laxly

branched, densely flowered, primary peduncles usually thick, branches divaricate with clusters

of shortly stalked usually 3-flowered cymules. Flowers 3-5 mm diam.; pedicel 1-1.5 mm long,

pubescent; calyx 2-3 x 3.5~4.5 mm, lobes narrowly ovate, acute, 1-2 x 1mm, crispate

tomentose outside; petals subrhomboidal, 2.5-3 x 2 mm, densely crispate hairy on outside

and on scales; disc hairy; filaments 2-3 mm long, densely crispate hairy, anthers as long,

hairy; ovary 3-lobed, tomentose, style slender, stigma shortly 3-lobed. Fruit usually sessile,

divaricately 2- or 3-lobed, rarely 1- or 4—lobed, yellow; lobes transversely ellipsoid, obtuse,

grooved at sutures, 0.6-0.8 x 1.2~1.4 cm; valves thick, fleshy, sparsely crispate hairy outside,

glabrous inside; aril thin, smooth, covering seed. Fig. 2H,I.

south-eastern Queensland, in dry scrubs, sometimes in disturbed areas.

Queensland: Wipe BAy District: Bingera, Oct 1948, Smith 4123; Glastonbury, Sep 1978, Anning 367; Gympie, E of

Deep Ck Rd, Dec 1978, Poderscek. BuRNETY District: Bunya Mts, Nov 1917, Swain 244. Mor&eTON District: Blackall

Ra., Dec 1916, White; Lake Moogerah-Fasstfern Rd, midway between Little Mt Edwards & Kalbar, Dec 1978, Elso/l &

Stanley 501; Taliegalla, via Rosewood, Sep 1978, Else; Mt French, Jan 1982, Bird.

7. Arytera pauciflora S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: Gn press). Type: Cook DISTRICT:

Johnstone River, Mar 1915, N. Michael (BRI, holo).

Trees to 20 m high, to 28 cm girth; glabrous except minutely appressed pubescent or

puberulent young parts and inflorescence; branchlets often tuberculate lenticellate. Leaf 10-

21 cm long with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets; petiole 2-4.5 cm long, bisulcate above, shortly

pulvinate; rachis 0.5-2.7 cm long; pinnae opposite, elliptic or subovate-oblong, attenuate,

acuminate or subacute, entire, base subtruncate obtuse or acute, 5.5-17.5 «x (1-)2-5.5 cm,

glabrous or puberulous especially on midrib below, thinly coriaceous; lateral nerves 8-12 pairs,

strongly raised below, suboblique ascending at tips, usually bullate between nerves, cross-veins

and reticulation very fine, forming a fine delicate mesh; domatia usually present; petiolule 2-

8 mm long, channelled above, pulvinate. Inflorescence usually ramiflorous, few-flowered,

cymose or racemiform, small, to 4 cm long, female flowers often solitary on long stalks,

peduncles minutely finely pubescent or puberulent; bracts ovate, pubescent outside. Flowers

4-5 mm diam.; pedicel 4-12 mm long, slender, pubescent; calyx 1.5-2.5 x 2.5-4 mm, lobes

narrowly ovate, 1-1.5 X 1 mm, puberulent outside; petals oblong-ovate, shortly clawed, 1.5-

164

3 x 1-1.5 mm, puberulent outside and on scales; disc glabrous; filaments I mm long, densely

villous, anthers hairy; ovary compressed, 2-lobed, style slender, 2 mm long. Fruit sessile, 2

(or 1)-lobed, usually transversely ellipsoid, 0.8-2.3 x 1-3.5 cm, pale brown, lobes divaricate,

ellipsoid or subglobose; valves thick, usually rusty-brown scurfy or scaly outside, glabrous

except villous sutures on inside; aril red, smooth, nearly enclosing seed. Fig. 2A-D.

North Queensland; usually on ridges in rainforests, mostly as an understorey tree.

Queensland: Cook District: T.R. 176, S of Cooktown, Oct 1982, Hyland 12249; end of Davies Creek road, Jan 1962,

Webb & Tracey 5611; Cannabullen Falls, Sep 1962, Webb & Tracey 6294; Malanda, Jun 1976, Stocker 1484; Mt Belienden

Ker, Jun 1969, Smith 14719. NortTH KENNEDY District: Tully, Aug 1955, Volck 1083; N of Cardstone Rd, Nov 1979,

Graham 2488,

This species differs from all other Australian species in its ramiflorous, small, few-

flowered cymose or racemose inflorescences and long-pedicellate flowers. It approaches A.

divaricata in respect to fruits but its leaflets differ in being 1- or 2—paired, opposite, and in

having very fine delicate reticulation.

8. Arytera dictyoneura S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (in press). Type: PORT CuRTIS

District: Buiburin, S.F. 391, Scott Road, ca 6 km from Forest Station, NE of Boyne

River crossing, Dec 1981, W./.F. McDonald 3439 (BRI, holo).

Small trees to 7 m; twigs pale, lenticellate; branchlets and leaf-axes usually densely pale

rusty-brown hairy with short dense hairs intermingled with longer ones, soon glabrescent. Leaf

S-14 cm long with 2 (or 1) pair of leaflets; petiole 1.7-3 cm long, semiterete, pulvinate; rachis

1-4.5 cm long; pinnae opposite, elliptic or subovate, obtuse subacute bluntly shortly acuminate

or retuse, entire, bases obtuse, 3.5—6(-11) x 1.7-3.5(-5.5) cm, glabrous or midribs puberulous,

coriaceous, prominently finely nerved and reticulate with reticulate venation forming a delicate

network, lateral nerves 8-14 pairs, subpatent; domatia small, few or absent; petiolule tumid,

4-10 mm long, pulvinate. Inflorescence axillary, slender, racemiform, 4-9 cm long, peduncles

shortly appressed pubescent. Flowers (male) 2 mm diam.; pedicel 1 mm long; calyx lobes

broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.5-2 x 1.5 mm, puberulous outside; petals ovate, shortly clawed,

acuminate, 3.5 x 2-2.5 mm, subglabrous outside and on scales. Fruit 2-lobed, obcordate,

abruptly shortly stipitate, yellow-orange, 0.8-1.5 x 1.5-2.5 cm, lobes suborbicular, divaricate,

slightly compressed; valves thinly fleshy, glabrous except sutures on inside; aril thin, smooth,

covering seed.

So far known only from Bulburin State Forest on Dawes Range, Queensland.

This species approaches A. distylis with respect to fruits and inflorescence but differs

in having usually 2 pairs of leaflets with very fine lateral nerves and reticulations forming a

delicate network. Also domatia are small or absent and branchlets and leaf-axes rusty-brown

hairy.

9, Arytera divaricata F. Muell., Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Vic. 3: 25 (1859); RadIk.,

Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9: 552 (1879); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 354 (1927); Francis,

Aust. Rain-For. Trees, ed. 3:260 (1970). Nephelium divaricatum (F. Muell.) Benth.,

Fi. Aust. 1: 467 (1863); F. Muell., Fragm. 9: 98 (1875); F.M. Bailey, Synop. Qd FI. 79

(1882); Qd FI. 1: 304 (1899). Type: Moreton Bay, W. Hill (MEL 75411, lecto).

Nephelium beckleri Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 467 (1863); F. Muell., Ist Census: 24 (1882), 2nd

Census: 42 (1889); Moore, Handbk, Fl. N.S.W. 92 (1893). Type: Clarence River, H.

Beckler (MEL 75413, holo; MEL 75414-75418, NSW 166321, iso).

Arytera oshanesiana (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9: 510 (1879). Based

on Cupania oshanesiana F. Muell., Fragm. 9: 96 (1875). Type: Gracemere, Qd, Nov

1867, P. O’Shanesy (MEL 75429, lecto, designated here; MEL 75430, iso). Leaves only;

fruits are Cupaniopsis anacardioides.

Ratonia oshanesiana (F. Muell.) Bailey, Synop. Qd FI. 77 (1883); Qd FI. 1: 298 (1899).

Based on Cupania oshanesiana.

L65

Trees to 30 m high, 60 cm girth, sometimes buttressed; twigs usually whitish densely

lenticellate; young parts, branchlets, leaf axes and inflorescence usually shortly hoary or pale

brown pubescent or puberulent. Leaf dark green, 12.5-27 cm long with 2 or 3 (or 4) leaflets

each side of rachis; petiole 2-6 cm long, subterete, pulvinate; rachis 1.5-7 cm long, semiterete;

pinnae opposite or subopposite, elliptic, obovate or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, rounded,

emarginate, subacute or abruptly shortly acuminate, entire, usually cuneate at base and

narrowing into short petioluie or base obtuse, subacute or truncate, 5-11(-16) x 2-4.4(-

7) cm, glabrous or sparsely appressed hairy on midrib and nerves below, thinly coriaceous,

usually prominently regularly nerved with prominent cross-veins and fine lax reticulation;

lateral nerves 8—14 pairs, usually divergent or suberect, arched and ascending at tips, raised

below; domatia prominent along midrib; petiolules 3-10 mm long, pulvinate. Panicles axillary,

7-18 cm long and as wide, laxly branched, densely flowered, monoecious or dioecious;

peduncles usually slender, appressed pubescent or puberulent; cymules stalked, usually 3-7-

flowered; bracts ovate, pubescent outside. Flowers cream 3-4.5 mm diam.; pedicel 3-6 mm

long, pubescent; calyx broadly cupular, 1.2~1.5 «x 3-4 mm, lobes ovate obtuse to | x 1 mm,

pubescent or puberulent outside; petals caducous, broadly ovate, 1.5-2.5 x 1-2 mm, scales

as long, densely white villous outside and on scales; disc annular, glabrous; filaments 2-3.5 mm

long, densely villous, anthers villous; ovary stipitate, style 2 mm long. Fruit subsessile, usually

depressed obovoid with 2 divaricate lobes, rarely 1- or 3-lobed, yellow or orange, 0.8-1.3 x

0.6~2.8 cm, lobes ellipsoid ovoid or subglobose; valves thinly fleshy, glabrous except tomentose

sutures on inside; seed nearly enclosed in coriaceous, red, smooth aril. Fig. 2G.

Iron Range, Queensland to Seal Rocks, New South Wales; common in riverine forests and

light rainforests. Also in New Guinea.

Queensland: Cook Districr: Mclvor R. crossing, Jul 1962, Webb & Tracey 6202; Lake Barrine, Atherton Tableland,

Jul 1929, Kajewski 1129; Tolga, Mar 1962, Hyland 2847, Mar 1979, Hyland 1352, Gray 1354. NORTH KENNEDY DISTRICT:

Silver Ck, near Proserpine, Michael 990, SouTH KENNEDY District: Koumaia, S of Mackay, May 1927, Francis. Port

Curtis District: Rosedale, Jul 1933, Dovey 196. Wipe Bay District: Degilbo near Biggenden, Mar 1980, Young &

Randall 339. Moreton District: Upper Brookfield, Brisbane, Mar 1978, Jessup 79; about 5 km E of Logan Village,

Jan 1977, Byrnes 5490. New South Wales: Mt Clunie, Macpherson Ra., Aug 1981, Young & Bird 409; Port Macquarie,

Nov 1897, Maiden.

This is a very variable species in shape and size of its leaflets and fruits. Lateral nerves

also vary from nearly straight and spreading to oblique and suberect. The obovate obtuse-

leaved form with oblique suberect nerves was formerly known as Arytera oshanesiana.

The type of Arytera oshanesiana is a mixed collection of leaves and fruits (in separate

packet) of Cupaniopsis anacardioides. In the past A. oshanesiana was therefore kept separate

in a section of its own in Aryfera because of its unique fruits. Since the fruits do not belong

with the leaves and the leaves are not unlike some of those under the very variable A. divaricata

which grows in the same area, the two species are treated here as being conspecific.

Imperfectly known species:

1. Arytera sp.

Small trees to 10 m high; twigs pale; young parts and inflorescences densely pale brown

or rusty crispate tomentose; branchlets and leaf-axes puberulous or subglabrous, usually

lenticellate. Leaf 14.5-25 cm long, with 2 pairs of leaflets; petioles 2.5-6.2 cm long, subterete,

shortly pulvinate; rachis 2.4-3.2 cm long; pinnae opposite, elliptic-oblong or subovate-oblong,

abruptly shortly acuminate subacute or obtuse, entire, base obtuse shortly attenuate, 7-15 x

2.5-6.6 cm, glabrous or puberulous on midribs and nerves below, drying paler above, thinly

coriaceous, midrib forming a slight ridge above, raised below; lateral nerves 8-12 pairs,

suberect or oblique, arched and ascending at their tips with regular cross-veins and fine lax

reticulate venation between them; domatia usually present; petiolules 4-8 mm long, subterete.

Inforescences axillary, paniculiform, peduncles densely pale rusty crispate tomentose. Flowers

and fruits not seen.

Cape York Peninsula, Queensland; usually in monsoon forests on ridges and hillsides.

Probably also in New Guinea.

Queensland: Cook District: Murray Is., Aug 1970, Lawrie 104; Thursday Is., in 1962, Webb & Tracey 7884; Bamaga,

in 1962, Webb & Tracey 6960, Sep 1963, Jones 2551; S of Bamaga, Oct 1965, Smith 12579.

166

These collections probably represent an undescribed species but until mature flowers

and fruits become available the taxon’s relationship cannot be ascertained. It 1s probably

closely related to Arytera divaricata F. Muell., but differs particularly in its indumentum and

in having consistently 2 pairs of opposite leaflets. It has the same type of indumentum as A.

foveolata F. Muell., a southern species, but differs especially in the leaves and inflorescence.

New Guinea material identified as A. foveolata by Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Abor.

21: 523 (1940), because of the crispate indumentum, probably belongs here.

2. Arytera exostemonea Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 354 (1927). Type: Russell River, K. Dorin

(not seen).

From the description it seems to be the same as A. divaricata F. Muell., which occurs in

the area. ‘‘According to Radlkofer related to A. divaricata’’ (van der Ham, Blumea 23: 292

(1977)).

MISCHOCARPUS

Mischocarpus Blume, Bijdr. 1:238 (1825), nom. cons.; Radlk., Pflanzenr. 98g: 1288-1310

(1933); van der Ham, Blumea 23: 251-288 (1977). Type: M. sundaicus Blume

Trees; young parts and inflorescences usually hairy; indumentum of simple hairs;

branchlets and usually leaf-axes with small, ellipsoid lenticels. Leaves paripinnate; petioles

terete or dorsiventrally flattened; pinnae entire, coriaceous, usually finely and prominently

nerved and reticulate; reticulation usually dense, forming a fine mesh; domatia usually present

along midrib; petiolules pulvinate. Inflorescences in axils of upper leaves or above leaf scars,

thyrsoid, usually paniculiform; cymules usually stalked; bracts ovate. Flowers small, regular,

usually unisexual, monoecious, often on separate inflorescences; pedicels articulate near base;

calyx cupular, 5—toothed or -partite, lobes ovate, slightly imbricate at base; petals 0-5, usually

very small, rhomboidal, usually clawed; scales 2, usually hairy, crestless; disc annular, cupular

or lobed; stamens 7-9, filaments filiform, glabrous or patent hairy especially towards base;

ovary usually stipitate, 3-locular; ovule erect, solitary in each locule, usually abortive in 1 or

2 cells; style short, persistent, usually with 3-lobed, recurved, papillose stigma. Fruit pyriform,

ellipsoid, obovoid or subglobose, usually narrowing into a long stipe, apiculate, 3-locular, 1-

seeded; pericarp slighly fleshy, loculicidally 3-valved, valves usually shrivelled and inrolled

after dehiscence, usually drying thin, crustaceous, or thick and woody; seed ellipsoid or

globose, shiny, sometimes pendulous by appendix of aril; aril + covering seed, thinly fleshly,

+ translucent, with slender appendage; stipe hollow, mostly triangular, usually longer than

seed-bearing portion.

Fifteen species, Philippines, S.E. Asia to New Guinea and Australia; nine in eastern

Australia.

1. Leaflets 22-50 x 8-20 cm; rachis 13-60 cm long .............cccceeeeces: 3. M. grandissimus

Leaflets 4-18 x 1-8 cm; rachis less than 12 cm long .........ecccccecccccccuccceccceevecuceees 2

2. Leaflets whitish below (especially when dry) usually with solitary domatium

HOMALCS DASE: oN ras ness tea teleauslieabesilysigiaids Llitty ee. ee heat pyuentacd eb eehsc 4. M. albescens

erect eer ee ee ee eee ee eee eee EOP OEE ea keh a ahha

3. Branchlets, leaf-axes, peduncles and usually midrib ferruginous villous

HAY ATELY CIADE GUST i cuits’ vimana ysevcade te rbix alee ick edervdea ule dllcodtedaciousteselen tnt belt yutceds 4

Branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles shortly pale brown appressed hairy or glabrous .. 5

4. Domatia usually prominent. Fruit glabrous outside; aril orange. Petals

present. Leaflets usually 2- or 3-paired ....... ccc ccccesesccceseverceseecs |. M. exangulatus

Domatia absent or inconspicuous. Fruit hairy outside; aril purple. Petals

absent. Leaflets usually l—-paired ..............ccscceccccceesccteceecesces 2. M. lachnocarpus

SSIS BP SP SESS PSS gS EA STARS Be DR BE SEA ER ated cae tet hb tanned eS tt deere tutors dant shone can das heat can tal aneathdn berate bencrad de Sacanmatendna tra cenaccaedner et ratte toaugn erennanacenemnmentnanamncittan

SSAA hh pene tinct Anite anno aaah g ooh neha ER Eee ISU tila Scart nah tt Sates tint balan nk beh

SEMA SR ee i” A i de

SAAS ae 2 a TET

=F Date ee erste ees a A Bisse ayes

16/7

5. Petals present. Filaments hairy. Aril orange. Calyx narrowly cupular,

connate to above middle. Midrib sunken in a groove above; reticulation

forming a fine mesh, obscure above. Petiolules 6-25 mm long. Petioles

LETELES OF SEMITETELE. occcicagsvccasceeavceven jan cdes cccavegpiaeiveresdseriendenrs 5. M. pyriformis

Petals absent. Filaments glabrous. Aril blue or purple. Calyx broadly

cupular, lobed to below middle or near base. Midrib usuaily raised

and ridged above; reticulation distinct above. Petiolules 3-10 mm long.

Petioles dorsiventrally flattened Or terete .......cccccccccsceseeeesteseeceesnsseestseeesennenees 6

6. Domatia prominent, usually 1 or 2 restricted to base of midrib; lateral

nerves decurrent on midrib. Fruit valves drying hard and woody, densely

villous inside. Leaflets usually l-paired ..........cc ccc ccceseneneeeereeceues 6. M. anodontus

Domatia obscure or absent; lateral nerves not as above. Fruit valves drying

+ crustaceous, glabrous or villous inside. Leaflets 1-4—-patred ............cccccee eee eeees 7

7. Fruit glabrous inside, (20-)32-38 mm long (including stipe); not topped

by stylar base. Leaflets (2-)3-4-paired; domatia absent.............. 7. M. macrocarpus

Fruit villous inside, 11-24 mm long (including stipe), topped by broad

stylar base. Leaflets 1-3-paired; domatia present Or aDSeENt.......... cc cccceeee eet eeeeeaees 8

8. Valves densely villous inside including septa. Fruit shortly stipitate, 11-15 mm

long (including stipe). Leaflets 1- or 2—paired, shiny or dull above. Large

bracts persistent at MUTE coc sc ccc ssedestneswcdoreesecsnesadsceehadenepedleeseuete 8. M. australis

Valves sparsely villous inside, septa glabrous. Fruit abruptly long stipitate,

18-24 mm long (including stipe). Leaflets (1-)2- or 3-paired, very shiny or

vernicose above. Large bracts not persistent at fruiting ............csseeee 9.M. stipitatus

1. Mischocarpus exangulatus (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 43 (1879); Domin,

Biblioth. Bot. 89: 356 (1927); van der Ham, Blumea 23: 266, fig. 2i (1977). Based on

Ratonia exangulata F. Muell., Fragm. 4: 156 (1864); F.M. Bailey, Qd Fl. 1: 297 (1899).

Type: Rockingham Bay, /. Dallachy (MEL, lecto, not seen).

Cupania exangulata F. Muell., Fragm. 4:156 (1864), nom. inval.; Fragm. 9:91 (1875);

F.M. Bailey, Synop. Qd FI. 76 (1883). Based on Ratonia exangulata.

Arytera subnitida C, White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 47: 56 (1936). Type: Daintree River,

Mar 1932, L./. Brass 2345 (BRI, holo).

Misapplied name: Ratonia lessertiana auct. non Benth. & J.D. Hook.; F.M. Bailey, Qd

Bot. Bull. 9: 7 (1894); Qd Fl. 1: 289 (1899).

Trees to 15 m high, 10 cm girth, with slender branches; young parts, branchlets, leaf-

axes and peduncles densely pale rusty-brown villous hairy to glabrous; branchlets lenticellate.

Leaf 13-26 cm long with (1-)2 or 3(-4) leaflets on each side of rachis; petiole 3.5-6.5 cm long,

terete, broadly pulvinate; rachis 1.5-6.5 cm long, terete; pinnae opposite or alternate, elliptic

or broadly subovate, usually abruptly bluntly acuminate, acute or obtuse apiculate, base

usually shortly attenuate and decurrent, or obtuse, 5-18 x 1.5-8 cm, glabrous or midribs,

nerves and lower surfaces puberulous, usually drying dull greyish-green above, shiny below;

midrib raised above, lateral nerves 8-14 pairs, oblique, curved and ascending at tips,

reticulation lax; domatia usually prominent, hairy or glabrous, along the whole midrib or

restricted towards the base; petiolules slender, terete, 7-18 mm long, pulvinate. Panicles

axillary, slender, pendulous, 6-28 cm long and as wide, branches racemiform, with 1-3-

flowered stalked cymules; bracts narrowly ovate, 1-4 x 0.5~1 mm. Flowers 4-6 mm diam.;

pedicles 3-7 mm long, glabrous or appressed hairy; calyx broadly cupular, 2.5-3 x 3.5-6 mm,

lobes S5-sect, ovate acuminate, 2-3 x 1-1.25 mm, glabrous or puberulous outside; petals

elliptic with tubular broad claw, 3 x 1 mm, scales puberulous or subglabrous; disc annular,

glabrous; stamens usually 8, filaments 1~3 mm long, glabrous or puberulous from below

middle, anthers papillose, with an apical gland; ovary puberulous or glabrous; style short with

prominent stigmati¢ lines, stigma 2- or 3-lobed, lobes fused, rarely slighly recurved. Fruit

1.8-2.8 cm long (including stipe), ellipsoid or clavate, oblique, curved, gradually narrowing

into broad stipe, 1-2 x 1-1.5 cm, orange-yellow or bright red; valves thin, glabrous; seed

ellipsoid, covered by orange-yellow aril; stipe pink-red, 0.6-1.2 cm long, mostly obtriangular,

broadly dilated upwards, usually curved. Fig. 3K.

168

Chiefly coastal from MclIlwraith Ra. to Paluma Ra., northern Queensland; on foothills, rocky

headlands, along river banks, in light rainforests, and also in swampy forests.

Queensland: Cook District: Lankelly Ck, McIIwraith Ra., Sep 1971, Hyland 5368; Gap Ck, Mar 1973, Scarth-Johnson

743: W of Thornton Peak, 35 km N of Mossman, May 1967, O/sen 418; near Noah Ck, W of Thornton Peak, Apr 1972,

Hyland 5986; Mt Lewis, Sep 1975, Phelps 10; S.F.R. 933, S of Cairns, Jun 1976, Phelps 20; Deeral near Babinda, Jul

1943, Blake 14960; Innisfail, Michael, NorTH KENNEDY District: Meunga Ck, N of Cardwell, Jun 1976, Thorsborne

246; 7 km ENE of Bilyana Bluff Landing, S bank of Murray River, Mar 1977, Thorsborne 361; Paluma Ra., Dotswood

Holding, Jun 1974, Hyland 2993,

This variable species has at least two recognisable forms but since they merge into each

other they are not segregated here. Collections from Mt Lewis and from near Thornton Peak

have larger, wider, + glabrous leaflets with only a few domatia (referable to Arytera subnitida

C. White) while those from islands and coastal low-lying areas, especially in swampy rainforests

and near mangroves, have hairy branchiets, leaf-axes, midribs and inflorescences, narrower

leaflets and domatia usually present along whole midrib.

2. Mischocarpus lachnocarpus (F. Muell.) Radik., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 43 (1879); Domin,

Biblioth. Bot. 89: 356 (1927); van der Ham, Blumea 23(2): 268, fig. 1f, 2c (1977). Based

on Ratonia lachnocarpa F. Muell., Fragm. 4: 157 (1864); F.M. Bailey, Qd FI. 1: 296

(1899). Type: Rockingham Bay (Dalrymple Cape), 14 Apr 1864, J. Dallachy (MEL,

lecto, not seen).

Cupania lachnocarpa (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Fragm. 5: 6 (1865); 9: 91 (1875); F.M. Bailey,

synop. Qd FI. 76 (1883). Based on Ratonia lachnocarpa.

Small slender trees to 20 m high, 22 cm girth; young parts, branchlets, leaf-axes and

inflorescences densely to sparsely ferrugineous villous hairy, rarely subglabrous. Leaf

bifoliolate, rarely with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets; petiole slender 1.3-4 cm long, semiterete, slightly

pulvinate; rachis 1-3 cm long, subterete; pinnae opposite, elliptic, subobovate or subovate,

acute or bluntly acuminate (with emarginate acumen), rarely obtuse, base subacute or +

rounded, 5-14.5 = 2.3-7.5 cm, upper surfaces usually dull, opaque, glabrous or midribs and

nerves puberulent, margins densely ciliolate, thinly coriaceous, midrib usually sunken in a

narrow groove above, raised below; lateral nerves 10-16 pairs, slender, + patent, looping at

margins, often impressed above, raised below and usually bullate; reticulation minute,

prominent below, often indistinct above; domatia absent or rarely present then inconspicuous;

petiolules 2-12 mm long, slender, channelled above, pulvinate. Panicles usually 1 or 2 per

axil, slender, 3.5-16 cm long and usually as wide, laxly flowered, peduncles rusty, + crispate

tomentose; cymules subsessile, 2— or 3-flowered; bracts ovate, 2 x 1 mm, pubescent. Flowers

2.5-3 mm diam.; pedicels 1~3 mm long, pubescent; calyx 5—partite, lobes narrowly ovate, 1.5

x 0.7 mm, densely villous outside with appressed hairs; petals absent; disc annular,

puberulous; ovary densely villous. Fruit 1.3—2 cm long (including stipe), obpyriform, ellipsoid

or obovoid-globose, narrowing into short stipe, usually drying trigonous, 0.8-1.2 x 0.6-

2 cm, rusty gold or red-orange; valves drying thinly crustaceous, densely rusty villous or velvety

outside, rarely subglabrous, subglabrous inside except slightly villous sutures; seed globose,

covered by mauve or purple-blue aril; stipe 3-7 mm long, pubescent. Fig. 31.

Cape York Peninsula to Cardwell Ra., north Queensland, and on border ranges between

Queensland and New South Wales; on sandy ridges, near beaches and on edge of mangrove

swamps. Also in New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea: Central Division: Dieni, Oronge Road, May 1933, Brass 3994. Queensland: Coox District: W of

Bamaga, 2.7 km SW of Cape York, Oct 1965, Smith 12469; N of Massey Ck on Silver Plains Stn, Nov 1980, Clarkson

3622B, 3644; between Massey Ck & Rocky River, Sep 1971, Hyland 5490, Dec 1979, Hyland 10146; Lankelly Ck,

Mcliwraith Ra., Oct 1969, Webb & Tracey 9627A; Noah Ck, W of Thornton Peak, May 1973, Hyland 6723; Freshwater

Ck, 7kmS of Redlynch, Feb 1981, Stanton 1021; Hull River - Mt Coom area, Apr 1976, Winter 20110; Cowley Beach

about 16 km S of Innisfail, May 1974, Hinton; Mar 1976, Hyland 8662. NoRTH KENNEDY District: Hinchinbrook Is.,

Aug 1975, Sharpe 1712; Kirrima Ra., W of Kennedy, between Society Flat & Yuccabine Ck, Aug 1947, Snitth 3217;

Meunga Ck, 3 km N of Cardwell, Jun 1975, Thorsborne. MORETON District: Lookout, Springbrook, McPherson Ra.,

Dec 1915, White; Western side of Springbrook Piateau, NW of Hardy’s Falls, Mar 1979, McDonald & Whiteman 2821.

New South Wales: Mt Warning below summit, Jul 1965, Hayes; Lynches Ck, near Kyogle, Mar 1944, White.

This is a variable species especially in leaves and indumentum. The southern collections

have much larger fruits.

169

3. Mischocarpus grandissimus (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 43 (1879); Domin,

Biblioth. Bot. 89: 356 (1927); van der Ham, Blumea 23(2): 268, fig. 2] (1977). Based

on Ratonia grandissima F. Muell., Fragm. 4: 156 (1864); F.M. Bailey, Qd Fl. 1: 296

(1899). Type: Rockingham Bay, 5 Sep 1864, J. Dallachy (MEL, lecto, not seen).

Cupania grandissima (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Fragm. 9: 91 (1875); F.M. Bailey, Synop.

Qd. Fl. 76 (1883). Based on Ratonia grandissima.

small trees to 10 m, single-stemmed; glabrous except minutely appressed pubescent

young parts and inflorescence; branchlets stout, fluted, densely lenticellate. Leaf large, with

4 or 5 large leaflets on each side of rachis; petiole 18-24 cm long, terete, base broad trisulcate;

rachis terete 13-60 cm long; pinnae alternate, elliptic, oblong, subobovate or oblong-ovate,

abruptly acuminate; margins sometimes inrolled; base acute, obtuse or rounded, 22-50 x 8-

20 cm, coriaceous, dark green above, pale below; midrib slightly ridged above, prominently

raised below; lateral nerves 18-30 pairs, patent or suboblique looping at margins, reticulation

dense; petiolules channeled above, tumid, 8-20 mm long, usually comprising of pulvinus only.

Panicles clustered in upper axils or above leaf scars, 13-44 x 7.5-23 cm, peduncles pubescent

or puberulent, primary ones usually globose at base; cymules sessile, 1-5-flowered; bracts

ovate, acuminate, 2-3.5 x 1 mm, appressed puberulent. Flowers to 3 mm diam.; pedicel 2-

2.9 mm long, pubescent or puberulent; calyx 1.5-2 x 3 mm, lobed to about 1/4 from base,

lobes broadly ovate, 1-2 x 1-1.25 mm, coriaceous, slightly appressed hairy outside; petals

0-3, broadly elliptic to ovate, 1.25 x 0.8 mm, with broad bilobed puberulous scales, some

often reduced; disc lobed, glabrous; filaments 2.5-3 mm long, pilose towards base; ovary

ellipsoid attenuating into angular style, puberulent. Fruit 2.5-4 cm long (including stipe),

obovoid or ellipsoid, cuspidate, 1.2-1.7 x 1.2-1.5 cm; valves fairly thick, glabrous except

densely rusty villous or + crispate appressed hairy septa; stipe 1-2 cm long, narrowly

obconical, thick, drying angular.

S of Mt Molloy to Johnstone River, north Queensland; usually in remnant rainforests.

Queensland: Cook District: Kuranda, Apr 1952, Volick; Danbulla Forest Nursery — Tinaroo Dam Road, Feb 1962,

Webb & Tracey 5742; Gadgarra, Mar 1932, Francis; Egan Ck Road, Sep 1959, Smith 10822; S.F.R. 1073, NW of

Kuranda, Sep 1969, Hyland 2430 (QRS); T.R. 176, Mt Finnegan, Oct 1982, Hyland 1202 (QRS), Jun 1983, Hyland 12815

(QRS).

4, Mischocarpus albescens S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (in press). Type: Coox DistrictT:

China Camp, N of Daintree, May 1970, L.S. Smith (BRI, holo).

Trees to 10 m; young parts, branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles densely pale brown

shiny appressed hairy or subglabrous; branchlets sparsely ienticellate. Leaf 12-28 cm long

with 3-5(-—6) leaflets on each side of rachis; petiole 2.5-7 cm long, semiterete, pulvinate; rachis

3.5-11.5 cm long, terete; pinnae subopposite or alternate, narrowly elliptic-oblong or subovate-

oblong, usually acuminate and finely apiculate; base acute attenuate, 4-15 «x 1-3 cm, glabrous

above, puberulent below with scattered rusty brown hairs usually denser on midrib, thinly

coriaceous, usually drying white and + papiliose below; midrib sunken in a narrow groove

above, raised below, lateral nerves 12-16 pairs, suboblique, as fine as reticulate venation;

usually with solitary pocket-like prominent domatium towards the base; petiolules 3-5 mm

long, grooved above, long pulvinate. Panicles laxly branched and flowered, 4.5-18 cm long

and as wide; cymules 3-—5-flowered, stalked; bracts ovate 1-1.5 x 0.5 mm, pubescent outside.

Flowers (females only seen) 2.5 mm diam.; pedicels 2 mm long, puberulent; calyx 1.5 x

2.5 mm, cupular, lobed to about middle, lobes broadly ovate, 1 x 1 mm, puberulent outside;

petals elliptic, clawed, 1.5-2 x 0.5 mm, hairy outside, scales small; disc usually 5-lobed,

glabrous; stamens 8, filaments 2 mm long, subulate, pubescent; ovary long-stipitate,

puberulous. Fruit 16-18 mm long (including stipe), depressed globose, abruptly narrowing

into long slender stipe, 6-8 x 8-10 mm, 3-ribbed; valves slightly thick, glabrous, wrinkled

when dry; seed + enclosed in thin aril; stipe 10-12 mm long, slender, cylindrical, dilated at

apex. Fig. 3A.

On ranges between Bloomfield and Daintree, north Queensland; in rainforest.

Queensland: Cook District: McDowall Ra., Aug 1972, Webb & Tracey 11005.

This species has flowers and fruits similar to those of M. pyriformis but differs from

it and other Australian species in the whitish lower surfaces of the narrow leaflets and the

presence of solitary domatium towards the base.

170

5. Mischocarpus pyriformis (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sapind. Hoil.-Ind. 43 (1879); Domin, Biblioth.

Bot. 89: 356 (1927); Francis, Aust. Rain-For. Trees ed. 3:261 (1970); van der Ham,

Blumea 23: 275, fig. 2a (1977). Based on Schmidelia pyriformis F. Muell., Fragm. 1:

2 (1858). Type: Moreton Bay, W. Hill & F. Mueller (MEL, lecto, not seen).

Cupania pyriformis (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Fragm. 2: 76 (1860); 5: 147 (1865); 9: 90 (1875).

Ratonia pyriformis (F. Muell.) Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 461 (1863); F.M. Bailey, Synop.

Qd FI. 77 (1883); Qd FI. 1:296 (1899). Based on Schmidelia pyriformis.

Cupania laurifolia Ettingsh., Blatt-Skel. Dikot. 9: 145, t.57 (1861); F.M. Bailey, Qd

Woods 40, n.95 (1899). Type: Hastings River, N.S.W., May 1819, A. Cunningham 24

(BRI, NSW, iso).

Mischocarpus retusus Radlk., Bot. Jahrb. 56: 304, fig. 4A-F (1920). Type: New Guinea,

East Sepik Dist., Hunstetnspitze, Kaiserin Augusta-Fluss Exped., Feb 1913, Ledermann

11231 (not seen).

Mischocarpus montanus C. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 47: 56 (1936). Type: Thornton

Peak, Qd, 14 Mar 1932, L. J. Brass 2293 (BRI, holo).

Trees to 30 m high, 40 cm girth; branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles shortly pale brown

appressed hairy, branchlets lenticellate. Leaf 6.5-36 cm long; petiole 1.5-8 cm long, terete or

semiterete pulvinate; rachis 1-9.5 cm long; pinnae 2-8, subopposite or alternate, elliptic,

elliptic-oblong, ovate-oblong or subovate, apex angular, shortly acuminate (acumen lobed) or

obtuse or retuse, base subacute or obtuse to rounded, 3.5—18(-30) x 1.5-8(-11) cm, glabrous

or lower surfaces with scattered appressed hairs especially on midrib, coriaceous, rigid or

subrigid; midrib slender usually sunken in a groove above; lateral nerves 6-16 pairs, usually

slender; reticulation dense, mesh-like, obscure or indistinct above; domatia if present usually

few per leaflet, prominent; petiolules (0.6-)1-2.5 cm long, channeled above, pulvinate.

Panicles axillary, 5-20 cm long and as wide, usually many-branched and densely flowered,

peduncles pubescent or puberulent, cymules stalked, 2-S-flowered; bracts 1 x 1 mm, ovate.

Flowers whitish, 3~4 mm diam.; pedicel 2-3.5 mm long, pubescent; calyx narrowly cupular,

connate to above middie, lobes ovate, about I x 1 mm, pubescent or puberulent outside;

petals 5, usually subrhomboidai or obtrullate long-clawed, 2-2.5 x 0.8 mm, acutely 3-lobed

at apex, usually slightly hairy outside and on scales and claw; disc cupular, glabrous; stamens

8 or 9, filaments 2.5-4 mm long, hairy; ovary pubescent. Fruit 16-26 mm long (including

stipe), pyriform, ellipsoid or subglobose abruptly narrowing into a long slender stipe, 7-12 x

6-8 mm; stipe 6-18 mm long, cylindrical, dilated at apex; valves thinly crustaceous, glabrous.

Three subspecies are recognisable; two occur in Australia.

Domatia absent. Leaflets usually 4-8, elliptic-oblong or subovate-oblong, usually

shortly acuminate; margins flat. Stipe nearly as long as fruit (seed-bearing

VADs czaece she Tee ealshuvivts o.hedles oarelecece ns wih aot aN Bilge alent siete eig aca atnitelhalaielensteteithana Hebd « subsp. pyriformis

Domatia present. Leaflets usually 2-4, narrowly elliptic or subobovate, obtuse,

retuse or subacuminate; margins usually recurved. Stipe nearly twice as long

ASMP UE 1a. cacatcre shane res bowen see leew inniets ML RECKiG aA INE POA MLA LHS EO YE Caney s subsp. retusus

subsp. pyriformis

Trees to 30 m high, 40 cm girth; branchlets and leaf axes pubescent or puberulent,

often mealy, lenticellate. Leaf (8.5-)14-36 cm long with 2-4 leaflets each side of rachis; petiole

2.5-8 cm long; rachis 3.5-9.5 cm long; pinnae elliptic, elliptic-oblong or subovate-oblong,

usually abruptly shortly blunt-acuminate or acute, acumen usually retuse, base subacute

rounded or obtuse, slightly attenuate, 6.5-18(-30) x 2.5~8(-11) cm, mid-green, glossy above,

dull below, drying dull, opaque, subrigid, midrib flat above; lateral nerves 10-16 pairs,

suboblique, as fine as mesh-like very obscure reticulation; domatia absent; petiolules 1-2.5 cm

long. Fruit 16-18 mm long Gincluding stipe), pyriform or obovoid, 8-10 x 6-8 mm, 3-ribbed,

orange to red; aril orange; stipe 6-10 mm long, dilated at apex, slightly curved. Fig. 3D, E.

Cape Flattery, north Queensland to Seal Rocks, New South Wales; in dry rainforests, on creek

banks and in gullies.

l/|

Queensiand: Cook District: between Mclvor R & Cape Flattery, Nov 1972, Hyland 6513 (QRS); between Atherton &

Herberton, Jul 1962, Hoogland 8552; S.F.R. 310, near Gadgarra, Jul 1979, Gray 1496; Juara Ck, between Danbulla &

Kairi, Aug 1947, Smith 3347; Danbulla, Jul 1962, Hyland 2841, NortH KENNEDY District: Evelyn, Jul 1899, Bailey.

Port Curtis District: Byfield near Keppel Bay, Sep 1931, White 8141; Eurimbulah Ck, ca 60 km NE of Miriam Vale,

Aug 1976, Sharpe 2059; Buiburin, Apr 1980, McDonald, Fisher & Ryan 3236. Wipe Bay District: St Marys, 20 km

SW of Maryborough, Aug 1976, Henderson. MORETON District: Upper Nerang River, May 1977, Byrnes 3513; Upper

Mudgeeraba Ck, Oct 1976, McDonald & Elsol 1646; Mt Glorious, Apr 1956, Hoogland $240; Coolum Beach, Apr 1978,

Jessup & Sharpe. New South Wales: Huka, ca 11.5 km ENE of Maclean, Oct 1969, Coveny 2180.

subsp. retusus (Radlk.} van der Ham, Blumea 23:277 (1977). Based on Mischocarpus retusus

Radlk. I.c. (1920).

Trees to 20 m; branchlets and leaf axes puberulous to glabrous, lenticellate. Leaf 6.5-

16 cm long with | or 2(—3) leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 1.5-5 cm long; rachis 1-4 cm

long; pinnae usually narrowly elliptic oblong or subobovate, obtuse, retuse or subacuminate,

margins usually recurved, bases obtuse shortly attenuate or subacute, 3.5-9 x 1.4-5.3 cm,

rigid, midrib usually deeply sunken in narrow groove above, lateral nerves 6-12 pairs,

subpatent, often bullate between nerves, with prominent pocket-like domatia in some of their

axils; petiolules (0.6-)10-16 mm long. Fruit 22-26 mm long (including stipe), subglobose or

broadly ellipsoid abruptly narrowing into long stipe at base, yellow to red, 7-12 x 6-8 mm;

stipe cylindrical, slender, dilated at apex, 10-18 mm long, usually straight.

North Queensland and New Guinea; usually in montane rainforests, altitude over 1000 m.

Papua New Guinea: Morobe District: Sattelberg, Sambanga, Nov 1937, Clemens 7691. Western District: OK Tedi

headwaters, Klunga subdistrict, Oct 1969, Henty, Foreman & Galore NGF 42834; Mt Rossel, Rossel Is., Milne Bay

Province (11° 20’S, 154° 10°E), Mar 1979, Katik et al. Queensland: Cook District: Thornton Peak, Mar 1932, Brass

2293, Sep 1937, Brass & White 291; Mt Haig, Mar 1975, Stocker 1225; Emerald Ck, 8 km N of Danbulla near Kairi,

Aug 1947, Smith 3412; Mt Lewis Rd, 28 km from Mt Molloy-Mossman Rd, Jan 1981, Jessup & Clarkson 288.

6. Mischocarpus anodontus (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 43 (1879); Maiden &

Betche, Census, N.S.W. Plts 129 (1916); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 356 (1927); Francis,

Aust. Rain-For. Trees ed. 3:261 (1970); van der Ham, Blumea 23: 265, fig. 1ce-d, 2f

(1977). Based on Schmidelia anodonta F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 2 (1858). Type: Brisbane

River, W. All (MEL, lecto, not seen).

Cupania anodonta (F. Muell.) F. Muell., Fragm. 2: 76 (1860); 5: 147 (1866); 9: 90 (1875).

Ratonia anodonta (F. Muell.) Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 461 (1863); F.M. Bailey, Synop. Qd

Fl. 77 (1883); Qd FI. 1: 296 (1899). Based on Schmidelia anodonta.

Small trees to 8 m; glabrous except finely puberulous young parts and inflorescences.

Leaf usually with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets; petiole 1-4 cm long, terete, pulvinate; rachis 1.5-

3.5 cm long, subterete; pinnae opposite or subopposite, ovate or elliptic, subacute or obtuse

at both ends, or bases shortly attenuate, 4.5-11.5 x 2.2-6.5 cm, coriaceous, midrib slightly

carinate above, nerves and dense mesh-like reticulation fine, prominent, lateral nerves 8-16

pairs, subpatent looping at margins, decurrent and merging with midrib, with | or 2 prominent

domatia usually present towards the base; petiolules 5-10 mm long, channelled above,

pulvinate. Panicles axillary, 5-11 cm long, slender, laxly branched and flowered, peduncles

puberulous or subglabrous, cymules 1-5-flowered. Flowers 3-5 mm diam.; pedicel 2-3 mm

long, puberulent; calyx 2.5 x 4.5 mm, broadly cupular, lobed to about middle, lobes broadly

ovate, obtuse, 1 x 1.5 mm, puberulent outside; petals absent; disc broadly annular, glabrous;

stamens 7-9, filaments 1-3 mm long, glabrous; ovary subglabrous. Fruit 2-3.2 cm long

(including stipe), depressed subglobose or obovoid, narrowing into thick stipe, 3-ribbed,

orange with red flush, 1-1.3 x 1-1.8 cm; valves slightly fleshy, drying thick and woody,

densely dark red brown villous inside; seed ellipsoid, aril rosey—purple; stipe 0.8-1.5 cm long,

slender, dilated towards apex. Fig. 3J.

Proserpine, Queensland to Richmond River, New South Wales; on ridges and hillsides, in

rainforests.

Queensland: NortTH KENNEDY District: Strathdickie near Proserpine, Michael. Port Curtis District: W of Ogmore,

Oct 1961, Smith. WipE BAy District: Gundiah, 38 km N of Gympie, Dec 1923, Kajewski; Imbil, Mary Line, Franke;

Coongara Rock, 18 km 5 of Biggenden, Apr 1981, Young 379. MoRETON District: 6.5 km 8 of Canungra, above

Canungra Ck, Jan (971, Williams; Lamington, about 15 km from O’Reilly Guest House, Mar 1978, Ross; Pine Mt near

Ipswich, Jul 1980, Bird, Nov 1983, Bird & Williams.

go |

Ys f ,

i A y

, ee

Ea fi

ae Sa

7 ae

uae J

“ine

) &

Fig. 3. MISCHOCARPUS. M. albescens: A. habit with fruits (Webb & Tracey 11005) x 1. M. australis: B. habit with

fruits (Bird, Sept 1982) x 1. C. dehisced fruit (Bird, Sept 1982) x 2. M. pyriformis: D, male flower (Gray 1496) x 6. E.

fruits (Bird 3) x 1. M. macrocarpus: F. male flower (Voick & White 491) x 6. G, fruits (Smith 10182) x 1. H. dehisced

fruit (Smith 10182) x 1. M4. lachnocarpus: 1. fruits (McDonald 2821) x 1. M. anodontus: J. fruits (Bird, Nov 1983) x 1.

M, exangulatus: K. fruits (Webb & Tracey 13289) x 1.

SSS SD aA Ss a ey eS ee

as oe SoA ge Et ed SO SS a

A ee de he

173

7. Mischocarpus macrocarpus S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: Gn press). Type: Coox

District: S.F.R. 650, near Millaa Millaa Lookout, 17° 29’S, 145° 34’E, Jun 1982, F.

Crome 886 (BRI, holo).

Misapplied name: M. sundaicus auct. non Blume; van der Ham, Blumea 23: 283, 284

(1977) quoad specimen Beatrice River, Smith 10182.

Trees to 20 m high, 40 cm girth; young parts, branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles finely

and shortly pubescent or puberulent; lenticels dense on branchelts, scattered on leaf-axes and

primary peduncles. Leaf (14.5-)24-44 cm long usually with (2)3 or 4 leaflets each side of

rachis; petiole (1.7-)4.5-9 cm long, broad, + flattened or isobilateral, rarely subterete, usuaily

slightly margined, pulvinus broad, short, subglobose; rachis (2~-)4.5-18 cm long, subterete;

pinnae aiternate or opposite, narrowly elliptic, oblong or subovate-oblong, acuminate apiculate

or subacute, bases obtuse, shortly attenuate, decurrent, (7-)13-21 x (2-)4.3-5.5 cm, glabrous,

slightly vernicose above, coriaceous, midrib + rounded above, nerves and dense reticulation

fine, prominent, lateral nerves 14-20 pairs, spreading, erect at tips; domatia absent; petiolules

channeled above, 3-10 mm long, usually consisting of long pulvinus. Panicles usually below

tips of branchlets or ramiflorous, occasionally clustered, 7-18 cm long and as wide, branches

usually short, divaricate, cymule stalked, 5-7-flowered; bracts conspicuous, subtending and

+ enclosing cymules in young inflorescences, narrowly ovate, 1.5-4 x 1-2 mm, usually

glabrous. Flowers (males only seen) 4-5 mm diam., greenish-cream, perfumed; pedicel 2.5-

4 mm long; calyx broadly cupular, lobes nearly free, ovate, 1.8-2 x 1-1.5 mm, gland-dotted,

puberulous or glabrous outside; disc crenulate; filaments 2.5-4 mm long, glabrous, anthers

oblong, to | xX 0.5 mm. Fruit (2-)3-3.8 cm long (including stipe), ellipsoid or obovoid

narrowing into broad + angular stipe, cuspidate at apex, not topped by stylar base, 3-ribbed

or carinate at sutures especially towards base, yellow or orange, 1.4-2 « 0.8-1.6 cm; valves

slightly thick, drying crustaceous, glabrous; stipe (0.7-)1.5-1.8 cm long, trigonous; aril blue.

Fig. 3 F-H.

Atherton Tableland to Eungella, north Queensland; (alt. 800-1500 m); in rainforests.

Queensland: Cook District: Mt Haig, near Danbulla, Mar 1968, Hyland 1406; Atherton Tableland, Jun 1961, Hyland

1868, Feb 1953, Voick, White 491; S.F.R. 194, near Atherton, Jul 1975, Irvine 1495: S.F.R. 755, Boonjie, near Bartle

Frere, Jan 1977, Gray 238; Tarzali, Jan 1962, Hyland 2297; Beatrice River, Sep 1957, Smith 10182; S.F.R. 756, near

Millaa Millaa, Mar 1977, Gray 383. NorTH KENNEDY District: Butchers Ck, Aug 1954, Smith 5287. SOUTH KENNEDY

District: Eungelia Ra., Clemens (BRI 166340).

The species is closely related to M. sundaicus Blume but differs chiefly in its larger

fruits on long stipes, branched inflorescences with cyrnules on longer stalks, leaflets also 3-

or 4—paired, and absence of domatia. One collection from Papua New Guinea at BRI (Soger1,

Miller NGF 48620) has large fruits (16 mm including the stipe) approaching those of M.

macrocarpus, but the stipe is short as in M. sundaicus and its inflorescence is also as in M.

sundaicus.

M. macrocarpus, M, stipitatus and M. australis are all closely related to M. sundaicus

and M. anodontus. Having the same type of flowers (i.e. petals absent, filaments glabrous),

similar fruits with valves glabrous or villous inside, purple aril and similar leaves as in those

species, collections comprising these three Australian species have been confused with ™.

anodontus or placed under M. sundaicus in the past.

M. sundaicus Blume is quite variable, but even so, the Australian collections previously

referred to this species are quite distinct. They differ quite significantly from overseas

collections of M. sundaicus held at BRI, especially in inflorescence and fruit characters;

differences are as follows:

Inflorescence slender usually unbranched, spiciform or racemiform; cymules

subsessile (stalks less than 2mm long); bracts to 2.5mm long. Fruit 8-10

(-16) mm long, shortly stipate, not topped by stylar base; valves glabrous (rarely

with few hairs at sutures) inside. Petiole terete. Domatia usually conspicuous

Berea tase sata tnatebiohtetne ySddaleupe ies enhan eaPiRIS Esra erates bncsavncroreeenates not in Australia—M. sundaicus

174

Inflorescence paniculiform, usually much-branched; cymules on stalks (2-)4-

10 mm long, bracts to 4.5 mm long. Fruit 11-38 mm long, long stipate;

usually topped by stylar base; valves glabrous or villous inside. Petiole

dorsiventrally flattened. Domatia absent or obscure |

sualy a atralie note Sank aartteale Calvary tence tot tal Australian — M. australis, M. macrocarpus, M. stipitatus

8. Mischocarpus australis S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: Gin press). Type: MORETON

District: Lamington National Park, near O’Reilly’s Guest House, 28° 13’S, 153°

J0’E, Apr 1970, L.J. Webb & J.G. Tracey 13205 (BRI, holo).

Misapplied name: M. sundaicus auct. non Blume; van der Ham, Blumea 23: 283, 284

(1977) quoad spec, N.S.W.; Reynolds in Stanley & Ross, Fl. SE Qd 1: 520 (1983).

small trees to 7 m; glabrous except puberulous inflorescences; branchlets, petioles and

occasionally peduncles lenticellate. Leaf 11-18.5 cm long with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets; petiole

1.5-5 cm long, usually broad, dorsiventrally flattened or isobilateral; rachis 0.8-2.4 cm long;

pinnae elliptic-oblong or subovate-oblong, acuminate or subacute at apex, acumen finely

apiculate or retuse, base subacute or obtuse slightly attenuate, 7-14.5 x 2-4.4 cm, coriaceous,

dull green, shiny above, midrib ridged above, lateral nerves 8-12 pairs, subarcuate, ascending,

reticulate venation dense, prominent both surfaces; domatia inconspicuous or absent;

petiolules 4-8 mm long with pulvinus nearly half as long. Panicle 4.5-14 cm long and as wide;

peduncles shortly puberulent, cymules to 5-flowered; bracts 2.5-4 «x 1.5-2 mm, puberulous

or glabrous. Flowers 3 mm diam.; pedicels 2-4 mm long, puberulous or glabrous; calyx

broadly cupular, 1.8 x 3 mm, lobed to below middle, lobes 1.5 X 1 mm, glabrous; filaments

2mm long, glabrous. Fruit 11-15 mm long (including stipe), subellipsoid or obovoid, usually

gradually narrowing into short stipe at base, red, 8-10 x 6-8 mm; valves slightly fleshy,

drying thin, densely white villous inside including septa; stipe 3-6 mm long, trigonous; aril

purple; large bracts usually persistent. Fig. 3B,C.

south-eastern Queensland to Williams River, New South Wales; in subtropical rainforests.

Queensland: Wipe BAy District: Deep Creek, Gympie district, Mar 1918, Swain; Kin Kin, Jan 1974, Henderson; Fraser

Is,, Aug 1917, Petrie. MORETON District: Nambour, Nov 1916, White; N of Mt Eerwah, close to Eumundi-Kenilworth

Rd, Jan 1979, Jessup & Sharpe 220; Roberts Plateau, Mar 1920, White & Tryon; The Head, beside Killarney-Head

We Sep 1982, Bird. New South Wales: Tweed Ra., Dec 1952, Hayes; Whian (28° 38’S, 153° 19"E), Mar 1973, Byrnes

M. australis is closely related to M. stipitatus but differs chiefly in having the valves,

as well as the septa, densely hairy, fruits shortly stipitate, and leaflets usually 1- or 2-paired

on shorter petiolules. It is also closely related to M. sundaicus which has similar flowers; its

differences are discussed under M. macrocarpus.

This species has been confused with M. anodontus in the past because both have

apetalous flowers, glabrous stamens, fruits densely villous inside, purple aril and leaflets 1-

or 2-paired, but the fruits of M. anodontus are larger, subglobose, on long stipes with valves

drying thick and woody. Its leaflets also have lateral nerves decurrent on the midribs with 1

or 2 prominent domatia towards their base.

9, Mischocarpus stipitatus S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (in press). Type: Cook DisTRICT:

S.F.R. Danbulla, 17° 05’S, 145° 36’E, 27 Aug 1982, B. Gray 2703 (BRI, holo; QRS,

iSO).

Misapplied names:

M. pyriformis auct. non (F. Muell.) Radlk.; C. White, J. Arnold Arb. 4: 63 (1933).

M. sundaicus auct. non Blume; van der Ham, Blumea 23: 283 (1977) quoad Kajewski

1116, 1120 & 1255 (all from Lake Barrine).

Trees to 15 m high, 20 cm girth; young parts, branchlets and leaf-axes puberulous with

pale appressed hairs, soon glabrous; branchlets and leaf-axes lenticellate. Leaf 8.5-23 cm long

with (1)2 or 3 leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 3.5—5.5 cm long; dorsiventrally flattened or

isobilateral, shortly pulvinate; rachis 3.5-4.5 cm long; pinnae alternate, elliptic-oblong, obtuse

or subacute at both ends or subovate-oblong tapering and acuminate, 5.3-14.5 x 2-6 cm,

thickly coriaceous, usually very shiny, smooth, glossy or vernicose above; midrib ridged above;

finely nerved and reticulate; lateral nerves 9~12 pairs oblique or spreading, reticulate venation

POLARS Reale 9 RAE og bee

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175

dense {indistinct above in thick glossy-leaved collections); domatia absent or if present few

per leaflet, inconspicuous, usually lineariform; petioiules slender, 5-10 mm long. Panicles 7-

16 ecm long and as wide, divaricately branched, cymules 5-7-flowered; bracts ovate-oblong,

0.5-4.5 x 0.5-2.5 mm, larger ones covering young cymules, puberulous outside. Flowers

greenish cream, 3.5 mm diam.; pedicels 2.5-4.5 mm long, pubescent or puberulent; calyx

broadly cupular, 1.5 x 3.5 mm, lobed to near middle, lobes ovate, obtuse, 1x I mm,

puberulous outside; filaments 2.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary puberulous. Fruit 1.8-2.4 cm

long (including stipe), subglobose or ellipsoid, abruptiy narrowing into long narrow stipe, red,

0,.8-1.4 x 0.7-1.2 cm, apex cuspidate, topped by broad stylar base and style; valves slightly

fleshy, sparsely appressed villous inside, septa glabrous; stipe 1-1.4 cm long, narrow, often

curved; aril oblique, cupular, flaky, purple.

Iron Range to Eungella, north Queensland; usually at edge of water. Quite common on

Atherton Tableland.

Queensland: Coox District: N.P.R. 398, E. Barron, Apr 1982, Grey 2531; S.F.R. 185, Danbulla, Aug 1976, Stecker

1528; Halloran’s Hill, Atherton, Apr 1976, Irvine, 1760; Lake Barrine, Jul 1929, Ka/ewski 1116, Sep 1929, Aajewski

1255: Lake Eacham, Jun 1922, Heims. Sourn Kennepy District: Eungella S, Oct 1951, Smith 4794.

M, stipitatus is closely related to M. australis but differs chiefly in the abruptly long-

stiped capsule with sparsely villous valves, glabrous septa, leaflets usually 2- or 3—paired,

mostly glossy above. Its differences from A¢. sundaicus Blume which has a similar flower 1s

discussed under AZ. macrocarpus.

In the shape of leaflets and fruits, this species is like AZ. pyrifermis and the two have

been confused in the past. However, the valves hairy inside, petals absent and glabrous

filaments distinguish this species from A/. pyriformis, which has glabrous valves, petals present

and hairy filaments. The petioles also differ.

LEPIDOPETALUM

Lepidopetalum Blume, Rumphia 3: 171 (1849). Type: L. perrotietii Blume

Trees: branchlets lenticellate, usually shortly hairy towards their tips, indumentum of

simple hairs. Leaves petiolate, paripinnate; pinnae decreasing in size from apex to base,

opposite or alternate, entire, petiolulate. Inflorescence axillary, usually below tips of young

branchlets, paniculiform, laxly flowered. Flowers small, regular, unisexual, monoecious,

pedicellate; calyx shortly cupular, 5—partite, lobes ovate, valvate; petals 5, minute, with 1 large

broad scale free or united to margin of petal to form a broad funnel or 2-valved and shell-

like, crests absent; disc complete; stamens 8-10, filaments subulate, hairy from below middie,

anthers usually hairy; ovary sessile, compressed, 2-locular, with 1 ovule per locule, one usually

abortive; style short, usually persistent. Fruit obovoid or obcordate, 2~sulcate, turgid, 1-

seeded, loculicidally dehiscent, 2-valved; valves thick, drying crustaceous or woody; seed

subglobose with fleshy aril; aril basal or nearly covering seed.

Six species, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sumatra, Philippines, Tenimbar and Kei

Islands, Bismarck Archipeigo, New Guinea and Australia; only one in Australia (N.

Queensland).

Lepidepetalum subdichotomum Radlk. in K. Schum. & Hollr., Fl. Kais. - Wilhs Land 67

(1889); Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 269 (1890). Type: Kaiser Wilhelms Land, New

Guinea, in 1887, 44. Hollrung 387 (not seen).

Trees to 13 m; young parts, branchlets and leaf-axes usually finely short appressed

hairy, soon glabrous; branchlets, petioles and rachis with small lenticels. Leaf 15-29 cm long;

with 3 or 4 leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 2-5 cm long, subterete, broad at base; rachis

4.5~1] em long, pinnae elliptic or subobovate, abruptly bluntly acuminate or subcaudate, base

obtuse or acute, glabrous, thinly coriaceous, pale green, minutely papillose below; lateral

nerves 6-10 pairs, subarcuate, sometimes with hairy tufts in their axils, laxly reticulate;

petiolules slender 2~8 mm long. Inflorescence 2.5~-9.5 *% 5~8 cm, peduncles glabrescent, main

176

one + dichotomously branched at apex, secondary ones divaricately branched, laxly flowered,

cymules usually 2-flowered; bracts ovate, 1 x 0.5 mm. Flowers cream, 4 mm diam.; pedicels

3-6 mm long, articulate towards base, glabrous: calyx lobes 2-2.5 x 1~-1.5 mm, delicately

veined, glabrous; petals conchiform shortly clawed, 0,5-1.2 * 1.2-1.4 mm, veined, glabrous,

ciliolate: scale broadly obovate larger than petal, crispate hairy; disc glabrous: Filaments to

4 mm long. Fruit obcordate narrowing into a short stipe, turgid, apiculate, orange-red, ridged

and slightly compressed at sutures, 2-2.5 x 1.5-2 cm; valves glabrous; seed dark brown,

shiny, with oblique, ventral, orange aril towards the base.

Cape York Peninsula, Queensland and New Guinea; in rainforests.

Papua New Guinea: Morobe District: Busu River, Oct 1961, Henty 14345; Mumi Ck, Dec 1959, Henty NGF 11649.

Queensland: Coox Districr: Murray Is., Torres Strait, Jan 1970, Lawrie 19, Aug 1970, Lawrie 130: Jul 1974, Heatwole

& Cameron 680; Rocky River, Silver Plains, Sep 1971, Zrvine 65 & 68; Claudie River, Nov 1977, Hyland 9838.

TOECHIMA

Toechima Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 130 (1879). Type: T. erythrocarpum (F. Muell.) Radik.,

based on Cupania erythrocarpa F. Muell. (ectotype, designated here)

Trees; branchlets terete, usually ribbed and hairy towards the apex; indumentum of

simple hairs. Leaves paripinnate; petiolate; leaflets alternate or subopposite, 1-5—paired, entire

or crenate-serrate, usually thinly coriaceous, domatia or hair-tufts usually present in the axl

of primary nerves below. Inflorescences axillary, paniculiform or racemiform, laxly flowered;

cymules stalked, mostly 3~5-flowered; bracts small, ovate. Flowers regular, unisexual, male

and female usually in same inflorescence; pedicels articulate near base; calyces shortly cupular,

5~partite, lobes ovate, slightly imbricate; petals 5, broadly obovate or suborbicular, shortly

clawed, truncate or toothed at apex; scales 2, large, clavate, recurved, densely villous, with

fleshy crests; discs regular, mostly lobed; stamens 8, exerted, filaments filiform, mostly hairy

from apex to base; anthers glabrous, papillose; ovaries 2— or 3-locular, locule 1~ovuled; style

filiform, stigma 2- or 3-lobed. Fruits usually sessile, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, usually

turgid, slightly carinate at sutures especially towards base, 2~ or 3-locular, locule 1-seeded;

endocarp fleshy, sclerenchymatous; loculicidally 2- or 3—valved; valves thick, rind-like, drying

+ woody, usually densely villose tomentose inside, glabrous outside; seeds ellipsoid, shiny,

with small, + dorsal, fleshy, lobed, disc-like, yellow aril at base; hilum large.

_ Eight species, Australia and Papua New Guinea; six in Australia. T. lanceolatum C.

White is transferred to Sarcotoechia Radlk.

Toechima Radlk., Synima Radlk. and Sercotoechia Radlk. are closely related and not

easy to separate. They have similar inflorescences, flowers and fruits. All of them have fruits

with fleshy valves, hairy inside, and seed usually with a small aril.

Toechima and Synima differ from Sarcotoechia in having petals with crested scales and

valves of the fruit containing sclerenchyma. In Sarcotoechia the scales are crestless and the

valves are without sclerenchyma.

The pericarp of Toechima dries very thick and woody and the aril is disc-like and

attached to base of seed. In Synima the pericarp dries thin and wrinkled and the aril is bulobed

and mantle-like, covering all the seed or only parts towards its base. The aril of Sarcotoechia

is shortly cupular, emarginate, adhering to base of seed or sometimes rudimentary.

|. Margins of leaflets remotely crenate-serrate OF WAVY......cccccereeeneenees 3. T. daemelianum

Margins of leaflets entire....... Salons Sea eea'ecAonatica nt Aes eureet eaten hae Srersetaaie ee erty sobsadeie! 2

2. Fruit with broad, thin, delicately veined wings from apex to base. Leaves and

peduncles slabrous sta tbud uNtalaSle cali inaa Se ercithcntenn 2h eS lly siotialeaaalyteSIEE Til walla 6. T. pterocarpum

Fruit not winged, usually keeled at sutures towards the base. Leaves aig

or hairy; peduncles mostly hairy........ oscil Bernat ered ge heat phen k ne: Jaabeataneinoveeis 3

ae:

3, Domatia prominent, few per leaflet. Fruit mostly 2-locular, clavate, +

compressed and broadly keeled at sutures...... Paes RLbgvasindietan swe dcane cen. 1. T. tenax

Domatia small, along whole midrib, or absent. Fruit 3-locular, ellipsoid,

obovoid or subglobose, turgid, sometimes slightly keeled towards the P

Pa ee, hea) cc det cele vlocina-atvetvaeie hee MAISSM Ah ee cn lew RENIN se anes Seng obit arerr ara: Potent a cache lccteen miata bate

4. Leaf rachis 3~8.5 cm long; leaflets 3-8 x 1-3.5 cm; petiole, rachis and

inflorescences usually densely rusty villous. Domatia or hair-tufts present

along midrib; lateral nerves 6-10 pairs, not widely spaced ............ 2. I. dasyrrhache

Leaf rachis 6.5~17.5 cm long; leaflets 6.5-22 x 2.8-8 cm; petiole, rachis and

inflorescence usually sparsely shortly hairy or glabrous. Domatia present

or absent; lateral nerves S—9 pairs, widely spaced

LF a

. Leaflets thinly coriaceous; domatia present; lateral nerves 2,5~5 cm apart,

reticulation prominent. Fruit glabrous outside, pericarp drying very thick

TIL WOUOGLY ah 6.0044 ca dcakba dew cove tenes se ober eda ourteth Gomoeuwisacs cla divus tas 4. 'T. erythrocarpum

Leaflets thickly coriaceous, subrigid; domatia absent; lateral nerves 1-2.5 cm

apart, reticulation obscure above. Fruit usually + velvety outside, pericarp

Gryings Sle tivthieks us woccdllsdls toneeacouht teubioh ben alabeuts in thatesos ax tes 5. T. monticola

ipa

.. Toechima tenax (Cunn. ex Benth.) Radlk., Sapind., Holl.-Ind. 66 (1879); Domin, Bibhioth,

Bot. 89: 353 (1927); Francis, Aust. Rain-For. Trees, ed. 3: 256 (1970). Based on Ratonia

fenax Cunn. ex Benth., Fl. Aust. 1: 461 (1863); F.M. Bailey, Synop. Qd FI. 77 (1883);

Qd FE 1: 299 (4899). Types: Port Curtis, C. Moore (not seen); Brisbane River, Oct

1824, A. Cunningham 49 (BRI, syn.) & 1829, A. Cunningham 22 (NSW, syn.); Brisbane

River, W. Hull, F. Mueller (not seen).

Cupania tenax (Cunn. ex Benth.) F, Mueli., Fragm. 9:94 (1865); Lepidopetalum tenax

(Cunn. ex Benth.) Ewart, Proc. Roy. Soc, Vict. nis. 19: 41 (1907). Based on Ratonia

fenax.

Trees to 18m high, 30cm girth; glabrous except puberulent young parts and

inflorescence; branchlets sparsely lenticellate. Leaf 6-13 cm long with 1-3 leaflets each side

of rachis; petiole 1-2.5 cm long, semiterete, pulvinate; rachis 1-5.5 cm long, subterete; pinnae

elliptic or subobovate, broadly obtuse, retuse or subacute, entire, base subcuneate, usually

decurrent to base of pulvinus, 3-7 x i-3 cm, dark green, + coriaceous; iateral nerves 6-

8 pairs, suboblique, with prominent pocket-like domatia in some of their axils; petiolule 2-

6mm long, slightly ridged, pulvinate. Inflorescences slender, racemiform, rarely with few

short branches, 5-9 cm long, laxly flowered, peduncles minutely appressed puberulent. Flowers

2~3 mm diam.; pedicels 4-5 mm long; calyx 1.5 x 3 mm, lobes 1 x 1 mm, puberulent outside;

petals obovate, 1-2 x 1-1.5 mim; filaments 1.5-3.5 mm, woolly; ovary puberulent, stigma 2-

lobed. Fruits sessile, subobovoid or clavate, usually slightly compressed, retuse at apex,

narrowly winged at sutures from about middle to base, orange-yellow to red, 2-3.5 x 2-

2.5 com, usually 2-locular: valves fleshy, 2-5 mm thick, resiniferous, corrugate on outside,

densely sericeous inside; aril cream, smooth, thinly fleshy, bilobed, oblique, collar-like at base

of seed, Fig. 41, J. |

South-eastern Queensland to near Lismore, northern New South Wales; in dry or remnant

rainforests, common along river and creek banks.

Queensland: Wipe Bay District: Near imbil, Jun 1947, Smith & Webb 3148. Moreton District: Pullenvale, Grand

View Road, Jui 1978, Bedford, Rafting Grounds, Brisbane, near Moggill Creek, Sep 1978, Stanley & Reynolds, Oct

1979, Jessup & Reynolds 243. New South Wales: O'Donnell Creek, 16 km W of Wiangaree, May 1964, Constable 4884;

Stotts Island, Tweed River, Jun 1969, Clark, Pickard & Coveny 18578.

2. Toechima dasyrrhache Radik. in Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W. 31: 733 (1907);

Francis, Aust. Rain-For. Trees ed. 3: 256 (1970). Type: Tintenbar, N.5.W., Oct 1891,

W. Bauerlen 571 (NSW, holo; BRI, iso).

Trees to 15 m; young parts, branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles usually densely golden

rusty brown + villous hairy to puberulent; branchlets sparsely lenticellate. Leaf 8-20 cm long

with 2~5 leaflets on each side of rachis; petiole 2-4 cm long, subterete, pulvinate; rachis 3-

8.5 cm long, + semiterete; pinnae narrowly elliptic or subobovate, subacute or bluntly shortly

acuminate, entire, usually attenuate and decurrent or base subtruncate, obtuse, oblique, 3-

[738

8(-11) x 1-3.5 cm, glabrous, or lower surfaces puberulent especially on the nerves, thinly

coriaceous, lateral nerves 6-10 pairs, subpatent usually with small hairy domatia in their axils:

petiolule 3-7 mm long, semiterete, pulvinate, Inflorescences 0.58 cm long, racemiform, rarely

branched. Flowers white, 3-5 mm diam.; pedicels 2~5 mm long; calyx 1.5 x 3-4 mm, lobes

1.5 x Imm, densely sericeous outside; petals broadly obovate, shortly clawed, 2 x 1.5-

2mm, glabrous outside, hairy mside: filaments 2.5-3.5 mm long, villous; ovary tomentose;

style 2-3 mm long, hairy, 3—fid. Fruits sessile, broadly ellipsoid-obovoid, obscurely 3~lobed,

usually + carinate at sutures towards base, 1.2-2.3 * 1-2,2 cm, apricot or pale yellow or

orange, 3-locular; valves 2~5 mm thick, densely sericeous inside; aril yellow, small,

patelliform, dilobed, granular, at base of seed.

Bulburin, Queensland to Wilson River, New South Wales; mostly mn dry rainforest.

Queensland: Port Curtis Districr: S.F. 391, Bulburin, Scott Rd, NE of Boyne B. crossing, Dec 1981, McDonald 3438.

MoreETON District: Upper Nerang R., May 1977, Byrnes 3518: Tallebudgera Ck, E of junction with Cougal Ck, Aug

1976, McDonald & Whiteman 1530. New South Wales: Boat Harbour, Wilsons Ck, E of Lismore, Sep 1974, Byrnes

3927; Numinbah Valley, Jul 1977, McDenald & Elsoi 1932.

Note: Collections from Bulburin have broader leaflets with pale margms and denser hairs on

rachis and petiole. Domatia are also always present and inflorescences are shorter.

3. Toechima daemelianum (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 60 (1879); Domin, Biblioth,

Bot. 89: 353 (1927). Based on Cupania daemeliana F. Muell., Fragm. 9:96 (1875),

Type: Cape York, &. Daeme/ (BRI, NSW, iso).

Ratonia daemeliana F, Muell. ex F.M. Bailey, Synop. Qd FI. 78 (1883); Qd FI. 1: 298

(1899). Based on Cupania daemeliana.

Trees to 13 m high, 20 cm girth; branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles finely pubescent

with pale rusty hairs or subglabrous, branchlets densely lenticellate. Leaf 23-29 em long with

2-5 leaflets each side of rachis: petiole 2~5.5 cm long, semiterete, broad at base; rachis 4,5-

12.5 cm long; pinnae elliptic or subovate, acuminate or subacute, remotely and irregularly

crenate-serrate, rarely subentire, wavy or entire, base obtuse, oblique, shortly attenuate,

cuneate or subtruncate, 4.5-14.5 x 2.5-4.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent especially on midribs

and nerves below, + chartaceous, lateral nerves 8-10 pairs, usually patent and with minute

domatia in their axils; petioluie 5~9 mm long, slender, pulvinate. Panicles 6-30 x 4-16 cm,

laxly branched and flowered. Flowers creamy white, 7 mm diam.; pedicels 4~7 mm long; calyx

2 xX 4mm, lobes 1.2 xk 1 mm, pubescent outside; petals broadly obovate oblong, shortly

clawed, 3.5 x 2.5 mm, glabrous outside, finely appressed hairy inside; filaments 4-6 mm

long, densely patent hairy; ovary subsessile, sericeous. Fruits broadly ellipsoid, slightly carinate

especially towards base, orange-yellow, 1.8-2 x 1.5-1.8 cm, 3~—locular; valves 4-6 mm thick,

densely villous inside; ari! thin, smooth, broadly 2-lobed,

Cape York Peninsula to near Tully, north Queensland; in dry or riverine rainforests.

Queensland: Cook District: Bamaga, Sep 1963, Janes 2462: Claudie River, ron Ra., Oct 1968, Webb & Tracey 8333;

Oct 1972, Dockrill 337, Rocky River, Mclilwraith Ra., Sep 1971, Hyland 2547; Massey Ck, E of Coen, Oct 1962, Spits:

11704; Whitfield Ra., near Cairns, Sep 1978, Jago 58, NortH KENNEDY District: E of Tully, Nov 1967, Bovland 565.

4. Toechima erythrocarpum (F. Muell.) Radik., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 60 (1879); Domin, Biblioth,

Bot. 89: 353 (1927). Based on Cupania erythrocarpa F,. Muell., Fragm. 5:7 (1865), 147

(1866); F.M. Bailey, Synop. Qd FI. 77 (1883), Qd FI. 1:291 (1899). Type: Seaview

Range, Rockingham Bay, Qld. J. Dallachy (NSW 166318, NSW 166319, iso).

Ratonia nugentii Bailey, Qd Bot. Bull. 14:9 (1896); Qd FL. 1:297 (1899), Type: Freshwater

Ck, Cairns, Od, Aug 1896, F. Cowley & L. J. Nugent (BRI, holo),

Trees to 20 m high, to 37 cm girth; branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles finely appressed

puberulent or glabrescent; branchlets minutely lenticellate. Leaf 48-53 cm long with (1-)2-

4(—5) leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 4.5~11.5 cm long, semiterete, broadly pulvinate; rachis

(5.5~)8.5-17.5 cm long, subterete; pinnae elliptic-oblong or subcbovate-elliptic, acuminate

(usually abruptly shortly acuminate) or obtuse, entire, base oblique, cuneate or obtuse, 8.5-

22(-30) x 3-8 (-12.5) cm, + chartaceous, glabrous, prominently nerved and reticulate, lateral

nerves 5 or 6 pairs, obliquely arched, ascending at their tips or erect, often with small domatia

in some of their axils; petiolule 0.6-1.5 cm long, semiterete, pulvinate. Panicles 1-3 per axil,

11.5-27.5 cm long, slender, open, laxly few branched from the base, cymules stalked, 2-5-

s),

raai?

NN a

Y, |

Fig. 4. TOECHIMA., T. pterocarpum: A. habit with flowers (Sankowsky 289) x 0.5. B. flower (Sankowsky 289) x 6.

C. petal (Sankowsky 289) x 12. D. calyx lobe (Sankowsky 289) x 12. E. fruits (Risley 285) x 1. F. seed with aril

(Risley 285) x 1.5. T. monticola: G. habit with fruits (Gray 218) x 1. H. seed with aril (Nicholson s.n.) x 1.5. T. tenax

I. fruits (Jessup 243 & Reynolds) x 1. J. seed with aril (Jessup 243 & Reynolds) x 1.5.

[80

flowered. Flowers cream, 6-7 mm diam.; pedicels 5-9 mm long, pubescent; calyx 2 x 5 mm,

lobes 1.7 X 1.2 mm, puberulent outside; petals broadly obovate, 3 x 2 mm; filaments 2-

4 mm long, woolly; ovary pubescent, styles 4 mm long. Fruit obovoid-ellipsoid, shghtly keeled

at sutures below middle, apricot-coloured, 2-3.4 xk 1.5-3.2 cm, 3~locular; valves yellow,

fleshy, rind-like, 3-5 mm thick, densely sericeous inside; aril yellow, fleshy, smooth, broadly

2~-lobed.

Noah Creek, Cape Tribulation to Tully, north Queensland; in gallery rainforests, usually on

basalt. Also in New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea: Gulf District: 1.6 km NE of junction of Vailala & Lohiki Rivers, Jan 1966, Schodde 4363. Central

District: Sirinuma area SE of Sogeri, Sep 1962, Schodde 3062. Queensland: Cook District: Noah Ck, Cape Tribulation,

16° 10’S, 145° 25’E, Nov 1978, Gray 1087 (QRS); Eastern base of Mt Lewis, Nov 1976, Moriarty 2172; S.F.R. 607, E

of Mareeba, 17° 00’S, 145° 35’E, Nov 1972, Deckrill 599 (QRS); S.F.R. 755, near Russell River, 17° 27'S, 145° 42’E,

Aug 1973, Risley 97; S.F.R. 756, near Mena Ck, SW of Cardwell, 17° 40’S, 145° S0’E, Nov 1971, Hyland 5604. Nortu

KENNEDY DistricT: S.F.R. 251, near Tully Fails, 17° 45’S, 145° 33°E, Aug 1972, Stocker 900; Fenby’s Gap, [7° 52’S,

146° 50°E, Nov 1951, Smith 4907.

5. Toechima monticola 8.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (in press). Type: Cook District: Mt

Lewis, 16° 35’S, 145° 15’E, Jan 1977, B. Gray 218 (BRI, holo; QRS, iso).

Trees 6-25 m high, 10-25 cm girth; young parts densely appressed hairy; branchlets

and leaf-axes minutely pubescent to glabrous. Leaf 20-50 cm long with (2-)5-7 leaflets each

side of rachis; petiole terete, 4.5-7.5(-10) cm long, pulvinate; rachis subterete, 6.5-11.5(-

29) cm long; pinnae elliptic-oblong to elliptic-subobovate, abruptly obtuse or shortly

acuminate, entire, base oblique, obtuse or acute, shortly decurrent, 6.5-16.5 x 2.8-5.2 cm,

glabrous above, glabrous or puberulent below especially on midribs, thickly coriaceous,

subrigid, drying paler or bluish-grey above, brown below; lateral nerves 5-9 pairs, obliquely

arched or suberect and ascending; domatia absent; reticulate venation obscure above; petiolules

6-12 mm long, usually channeled above, pulvinate. Panicles 4.5-18.5 cm long, to 9 cm wide,

peduncles minutely rusty velvety hairy; bracts small, ovate. Flowers (ammature) 2 mm diam.;

pedicels 4 mm long, articulate near base, pubescent; calyx lobes ovate, 2.5 x 2 mm, pubescent

outside; petals 1.5 x 2.5 mm, broadly obovate, subtruncate and erose at apex, densely woolly

hairy inside especially on scales, glabrous outside, crest usually hidden by hairs of scales; disc

glabrous; filaments 0.5 mm long, subulate, hairy towards base, anthers ovoid, apiculate, 1 mm

long; ovary and style tomentose. Fruits orange-red or yellowish turning to pink-red or bright

red, yellow inside, subglobose, 1.8-2.2 x 1.8-2.8 cm, fleshy, usually minutely velvety outside;

valves thinly villous inside, drying wrinkled outside; seeds broad ellipsoid with dorsal disciform,

orange aril attached to base. Fig. 4G, H.

Northern Queensland; in montane rainforests, at altitudes over 1000 m.

Queensland: Cook District: S.F.R. 310, Gadgarra, Windin L.A., Mar 1954, White 708; Mt Fisher, 17° 32’S, 145°

33°E, Nov 1975, Sanderson 87; Feb 1976, Sanderson 892.

This species is nearest to 7. livescens Radlk. (from New Guinea) with which it shares

number of leaflets with livescent upper surfaces. It differs in its thickly coriaceous leafiets,

widely spaced lateral nerves, its smaller, slender, few-flowered inflorescences and its fleshy,

usually velutinous capsules.

6. Toechima pterocarpum S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (Gin press). Type: Cook District:

Bushy Creek, Julatten, 16° 37’S, 145° 20’E, Jan 1983, G. & N. Sankowsky 231 (BRI,

holo), Nov 1983, G. & N. Sankowsky 289 (BRI, para).

Small tree to 4 m; glabrous except puberulent young parts; branchlets glabrous, usually

with small lenticels. Leaf 12-24.5 cm long with 2 or 3 leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 1.5-

4 cm long, subterete with short and subglobose pulvinus; rachis 2.5-11 cm long, subterete;

pinnae subopposite or alternate, narrowly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, or ovate, subfalcate,

usually narrowing at both ends, subacute, obtuse or shortly bluntly acuminate, entire, base

oblique, acute, attenuate or obtuse shortly attenuate, 5.5-12.5 x 2-3.5 cm, shiny, drying

yellow-green, thinly coriaceous; lateral nerves 7-10 pairs, subpatent, slender, delicately laxly

reticulate-veined; petiolules semiterete, 0.6-1.4 cm long. Inflorescence in upper axils, 17-24 cm

long and nearly as wide, laxly branched, peduncles glabrous, cymules long-stalked, 3-6-

flowered; bracts ovate, small. Flowers 4.5 mm diam.; pedicel 5-8 mm long, articulate towards

middle, glabrous; calyx 1.5 x 3.5 mm, broadly cupular, lobes broadly ovate, 1-1.25 x 1 mm,

18 |

glabrous except ciliolate margins; petals broadly obovate or ovate, 2.5-3 x 1.5-2 mm,

glabrous except densely woolly scales, crests fleshy;. disc glabrous, fleshy; filaments 2.5 mm

long, densely hairy from below middle; ovary puberulous, style 3-fid. Fruit red, broadly

winged from apex to base, 3-lobed, broadly obovoid or + ellipsoid, shortly attenuate and

stipitate at base, rounded or subtruncate, cuspidate at apex, 1.5-2.5 x 1.5-3 cm, pericarp

thinly fleshy, rind-like, endocarp with thin sclerenchymatous layer; wings rounded, slightly

fleshy, drying thin, delicately reticulate-veined, 4-7 mm wide at broadest part; valves drying

thinly woody (seed-bearing portion), glabrous outside, sparsely villous inside; seed with dorsal,

bilobed plate-like pale aril at base. Fig. 4A-F.

Known only from type locality.

Queensiand: Cook District: Bushy Creek, Julatten, Jan 1978, Risley 285 (BRI, QRS).

This species differs from the other species in Australia in having broadly winged fruits.

The inflorescence and flowers approach those of 7. erythrocarpum.

SARCOTOECHIA

Sarcotoechia Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9: 501 (1879), in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f: 1257

(1933); Domin, Biblioth., Bot. 89: 353 (1927). Type: S. cuneata Radlk. (lectotype, designated

here)

Trees; branchlets usually minutely hairy towards their tips, indumentum of simple hairs.

Leaves petiolate, paripinnate; pinnae opposite or alternate, decreasing in size from apex to

base, entire or serrate, usually thinly coriaceous, upper surfaces usually with white appressed

cells, mostly finely nerved and reticulate; petiolules pulvinate. Inflorescences axillary or

ramiflorous, usually very slender, racemiform or laxly branched; bracts small, ovate. Flowers

small, regular, unisexual, monoecious; pedicels articulate towards middle, usually hairy below

articulation; calyx shortly cupular, lobes 5-sect, ovate, valvate, usually hairy; petals 5, ovate,

hastate, usually clawed, or subrhomboidal, lower margin slightly incurved or auricled with 2

densely hairy crestless scales; disc regular, mostly lobed, glabrous; stamens 8, filaments

filiform, usually hairy from below middle, anthers oblong: ovary ellipsoid, 2- or 3-locular,

locule 1-ovulate, l or 2 mostly abortive; style slender, stigma usually 2-lobed. Fruit ellipsoid,

obovoid or subglobose, 2-sulcate, rarely 1- or 3—-lobed, 1-3-locular, pericarp thick, usually

fleshy, loculicidally dehiscent from apex, 2- or 3—valved; valves usually drying thin, without

sclerenchyma, hairy inside; seeds obovoid or subglobose, brown or black, usually shiny, with

shortly cupular dorsally emarginate or small rudimentary aril at its base.

Australia and probably New Guinea; six species in north Queensland.

1, Margins of leaflets serrate or serrulate. Indumentum of crispate hairs. Valves

thinly fleshy; seed large, dull; aril minute or absent ...........ccccccceesueseveceesseenees 2

Margins of leaflets entire. Indumentum not of crispate hairs. Valves thick,

very fleshy; seed small, very shiny; aril shortly cupular, dorsally

CUNT ABSA E Se vac cpcrctecntiadioate ta wecduidwciatate Vapb tnt terive wack iastia 44 Bele dz sreee blemesdasetets bl Gb eats cares 3

2. Leaflets (3-)4-6-paired, 2-5.5 x 1-2.5 cm, regularly deeply serrate.

Inflorescence usually ramiflorous. Valves puberulous outside ............ 1. S. serrata

Leaflets 2- or 3-paired, 5.5-12 x 2.5-4.2 cm, remotely irregularly serrate or

serrulate. Inflorescence axillary. Valves tomentose outside ......... 2.8. heterophylla

3. Branchlets and leaves with dense spreading villous hairs. Leaves usually

BPO MON AEE: Geiss fash d eats ce cond ad moaaalin ne vacedbare edna eade disteula sine beslevbr batetetalen 3, 8. villosa

Branchlets and leaves with short appressed hairs or glabrous. Leaves with

P44) Pais Or lear eres. Sees oe 2 NE cede Man Red ect pia inane bene venanmnieniie 4

4, Leafiets 7-17 xX 2.5-6 cm, with raised curved lateral nerves. Fruit 1.6-2.6 x

1-3.2 cm, usually 3-celled; valves glabrous inside except villous sutures

foal Wha ttie cach cmaea aes e tena eee tn Letra teas Te Arte Sea dee eat olen eran 4.8. protracta

Leaflets 3.5-13 x 1-4 cm, finely nerved, lateral nerves often indistinct.

Fruit 0.6-1.3 x 0.8-1. 8 cm, usually 2--celled: valves hairy inside

1$2

5. Leaflets 1- or 2-paired, narrowly obovate-cuneate, obtuse, narrowing and

decurrent into petiolules, coriaceous; petiolules short 1-4 mm long, tumid

Sneha es iets was PudeeS ence besbarnte ad qulisanrgersqunptelied pares rein PR ewe wrest ey ates’ 5. 8S. cuneata

Leaflets 2—4—paired, narrowly elliptic-oblong, acuminate or subcaudate, base

obtuse shortly attenuate, + chartaceous; petiolules 4-12 mm long, slender

eh Sie PAE Tee PERE Syke bande Te CODERS Fae del hea bse el nek bea dene babikadeaedde hives 6. S. lanceolata

1. Sarcotoechia serrata S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (in press). Type: Cook Districr:

Gadgarra, Sep 1954, K.J. White 895 (BRI, holo); Dec 1981, B.P.M. Hyland 11412

(BRI, para; QRS, isopara).

Slender trees 4-15 m high, to 10 cm girth; young branchlets, leaf-axes and peduncles

rusty or pale brown crispate tomentose to glabrescent; branchlets sparsely lenticellate. Leaf

9.5-17 cm long with (3-)4-6 leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 1.5-3 cm long, subterete,

pulvinate; rachis 4.5-8 cm long, subterete, adaxially ridged; pinnae opposite to alternate,

narrowly ovate-oblong or elliptic, acuminate or subacute, usually regularly deeply and bluntly

serrate or serrulate, base obtuse or subtruncate oblique, 2~-5.5 x 1-2.5 cm, glabrous above,

pubescent or puberulent below especially on midrib towards the base, thinly coriaceous, midrib

ridged above; nerves and reticulation fine, prominent especially below, lateral nerves 19-18

pairs, + patent; petiolules 0.5-2 mm long. Inflorescences axillary or ramiflorous, small,

racemose, 5-25 mm long, few-flowered. Flowers 3.5 mm diam.; pedicels 3-5 mm long, densely

crispate hairy; calyx 1.8-2 x 3-4 mm, lobes ovate-oblong, 1.8 x 1 mm, rusty crispate hairy

outside, glabrous inside; petals ovate, usually acuminate shortly clawed, 2-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm,

puberulent inside, glabrescent outside; scale bilobed, usually broad, densely crispate hairy:

disc 5-lobed; filaments 2.5-3.5 mm long, pilose towards base, anthers half as long, puberulous

or subglabrous. Fruits transversely ellipsoid or obovoid, slightly lobed at top, yellow-orange,

1.2-2.2 X 1.2-2.5 cm, 2-lobed, 2-locular, 1-seeded; valves thick, densely sericeous inside,

minutely puberulous outside, drying thick, wrinkled outside; seed dull, red-brown, oblong,

with minute annular yellow aril at its base. Fig. 5A-F.

Gadgarra to Ravenshoe, north Queensland; common at Gadgarra usually as an understorey

tree in rainforests.

Queensiand: Coox District: S.F.R. 310, Gadgarra, E of Malanda, Nov 1957, Volck 1413; Apr 1962, Volck AFO 2692;

Mar 1970, Hyland 2490; Sep 1972, Nicholson. NoRTH KENNEDY District: Ravenshoe, Mannell.

This species differs from all other species in having smaller leaflets with regularly,

deeply serrate margins, indumentum of crispate hairs, small inflorescences and a minute aril.

2. Sarcotoechia heterophylla S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (in press). Type: SOUTH

KENNEDY DisTrRIcT: Eungella, Nov 1982, K.A.W. Williams 82244 (BRI, holo).

Small trees 6-12 m high; young parts branchlets and peduncles pale or rusty brown

crispate tomentose; petiole and petiolule usually hairy towards base. Leaf 11.5-18 cm long

with 2 or 3 leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 2-3.5 cm long, subterete, broad at base; rachis

2.5-6.5 cm long, adaxially ridged; pinnae alternate, narrowly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, slightly

falcate, or obovate or ovate, acuminate or subacute, remotely irregularly and usually + bluntly

serrate or serrulate, base cuneate or obtuse attenuate, 5.5-12 x 2.5-4.2 cm, glabrous or lower

surfaces puberulous especially on midrib and towards base, thinly coriaceous; midrib ridged

on both surfaces, nerves and reticulation raised especially below, irregular, lateral nerves 10-

15 pairs, spreading; domatia-like pockets sometimes present along midrib; petiolules 1-4 mm

long, slender, pulvinate. Inflorescence axillary, slender, racemose, fragile, 1.5 — 3.5 cm long.

Flowers (males only seen) 2.5 mm diam.; pedicels 3 mm long, crispate hairy; calyx 1.5 x

2.5 mm, lobes + triangular, 1.2 x 1 mm, crispate tomentose outside, glabrous inside; petals

ovate shortly clawed or subrhomoidal, 1.5 x 1 mm, puberulous towards base outside and on

inside, scales densely crispate hairy; disc usually lobed; filaments to 1.5 mm long. Fruit rarely

stipitate, transversely ellipsoid or obovoid, yellow, 1.2 x 1.3-1.6 cm, 1- or 2-lobed, 1- or 2-

locular; valves fairly thin, densely sericeous inside, tomentose outside; seed solitary, oblong,

brick-coloured, dull, with rudimentary aril at base or aril absent. Fig. 5G.

Known from W of Cathu to ranges around Eungella, Queensland; in rainforests on ridges.

= 4

pam pa nti aa

See te Ge,

tf]

1 *

4 +

1 r

ms *

“AA

= c

ra as

Fig. 5. SARCOTOECHIA. S. serrata: A. nabit with flowers (Voick 1413) x 1. B. flower (Volck 1413) x 6. C. petal

(Voick 1413) x 6. D. calyx lobe (Voick 1413) x 6. E. fruit (Hyland 11409) x 1. F. seed (Ayland 11409) x 12. S.

heterophylla: G. habit with fruits (Williams 82244) x 1. S. villosa: H. habit with fruits (Moriarty 2537) x 1. 1. seed

with aril (Moriarty 2537) x 3. S. lanceolata: J. habit with fruits (Williams s.n.) x 1.

184

Queensland: Sourn KENNEDY District: Eungella, Apr 1978, Byrnes & Clarkson 3704; Finch Hatton Gorge, May 1975,

Hyland 8241; Massey Ck, N of Eungella, Oct 1961, Smith 4830: Cawley S.F., W of Cathu, between Mackay & Proserpine,

Jun 1965, Webb & Tracey 7671.

This species approaches S. serrata with respect to margins of leaflets, indumentum and

aril but differs from it in having much larger leaflets with usuaily irregularly and shallowly

serrulate margins. The aril also is Inconspicuous or absent.

Both S, serrata and §. heferophylia differ from all other species of Sarcotoechia in

having serrate or serrulate leaflets, crispate indumentum, very small rudimentary aril and

slightly larger seed. The testa also is dull compared to the shiny ones of other species and the

fruit valves are not fleshy. Until more collections become available both these species are

tentatively included under Sarcotoechia because the flowers, especially petais, are those of the

genus. The fruits and seeds are unlike any other known Sapindaceae in Australia.

3. Sareotoechia villosa S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: Gin press). Type: Coox District: T.R.

66, Mt Lewis, 16° 36’S, 145° 17°E, Nov 1978, V. Moriarty 2537 (QRS, holo; BRI, iso).

Small trees to 10 m high, 15 cm girth: young parts, branchlets, leaves and peduncles,

densely hairy with whitish or very pale brown spreading villous hairs. Leaf usually bifoliolate

(uvenile leaves with 2 or 3 pairs of accrescent leaflets); petiole 1.2~3.5 cm long, semiterete,

slightly pulvinate; pinnae opposite, narrowly elliptic, acute, acummate or obtuse, entire,

narrowing at base, abruptly subtruncate or narrowly cuneate, oblique, 3.5-12.5 X 7-3.5 cm,

puberulous or upper surface glabrous except hairy midrib, thinly coriaceous, finely nerved

and reticulate, lateral nerves 7-12 pairs, + arcuate, arched and looping away from margins,

slightly raised below; petiolules 1-2 mm long, tumid, pulvinate. Inflorescences axillary,

slender, fragile, racemose, 2.5-3.5 cm long, few-flowered. Flowers 3 mm diam.; pedicels 3 mm

long, puberulent; calyx 1.8 x 3 mm, lobes narrowly ovate or triangular, 1.5 x 0.8-1 mm,

puberulent outside; petals + hastate, abruptly long-clawed, 1.5 x 1.5 mm, lower margins

slightly incurved and scale-like, sparsely villous inside; filaments 3-3.5 mm long, anthers half

as long; ovary ellipsoid, 3~sulcate, 3-locular, 2 abortive, puberulent. Fruit obovoid, narrowly

winged at sutures, orange-red, 1-1.2 x 1-1.2 cm, 3-valved; valves fleshy, glabrous except

villous sutures on inside; seed solitary, brownish with short basal cupular, bilobed, crenulate

aril. Fig. 5H,E.

South of Mossman to Kuranda area, north Queensland; in montane rainforests,

Queensland: Coox Disrrict: Black Mt Road, near Kuranda, in 1962, Webb & Tracey 7042; S.P.R. 1073, Black Mt area,

Oct 1961, Kolck.

This species differs from other species in having densely villous branchlets and leaves.

4, Sarcotoechia protracta Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9: 544 (1879), & in Engler,

Pflanzenr, 98f: 1258 (1933}; Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 353 (1927). Type: Rockingham

Bay, Oct 1870, J. Dallachy (ecto, MEL 74665).

Misapplied names: Cupania tenax auct non (Cunn. ex Benth.) F. Muell.; F. Muell.,

Fragm. 9: 94 (1875); Ratonia tenax auct non (Cunn. ex Benth.) Bailey; F.M. Bailey,

Od FI. 1: 299 (1899) quoad spec. Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy, p.p.

Trees to 13 m high, 40 cm girth; young parts and peduncles minutely pale brown

appressed hairy; branchlets and leaf-axes puberulous to glabrous, ienticellate. Leaf 17~26(-

38} cm long with 2 or 3(-4) leaflets each side of rachis; petiole semiterete, 3-8 cm long,

pulvinate; rachis 4-8.5 cm long, subterete, bisulcate above; pinnae opposite or alternate,

elliptic oblong or subovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, caudate or obtuse, entire, base obtuse

or attenuate slightly oblique, 7-17 x 2.5-6 cm, glabrous, pale green, shiny, thinly coriaceous,

often with scattered glands, midrib thick, raised below, nerves and reticulation prominent

both surfaces, lateral nerves widely spaced, 8-12 pairs, subarcuate, raised especially below;

petiolules 3-11 mm long, terete, slender, channelled above, pulvinate. Inflorescences axillary

or ramiflorous, racemiform or 1~branched, 2-7 cm long. Flowers white, 4 mm diam.; pedicels

to 2.5mm long, pubescent; calyx lobes broadly ovate, 1.2 x i mm, pubescent inside,

puberulent outside; petals broadly ovate, very shortly clawed, 2 x 1.5 mm, densely crispate

185

hairy inside and on scales, glabrous outside; filaments 2 mm long; ovary ovoid, white hairy,

3—locular. Fruit subglobose, 3-sulcate, reddish or yellow with red tinge, 1.6-2.6 x 1-3.2 cm,

3~celled, 1-seeded, 3-valved; valves fleshy (6-8 mm thick), glabrous except villous sutures on

inside; seeds ovoid, shiny, black, with short, cupular, obliquely bilobed, thin, yellow-orange

aril towards its base.

Walter Hill Ra. to Sea View Ra., north Queensland; in rainforest, usually in low hilly country.

Queensland: Cook DISTRICT: Lacey’s Creek, Clump Mt, 17° 24'S, 146° 04’E, Nov 1951, Smith 4982. NortH KENNEDY

District: Cannabullen via Ravenshoe, Webb & Tracey 7631; S.F.R. 756, near Tully, 17° 40°S, 145° 50°E, Nov 1971,

Hyland 5619; Mt Fox, 18° 49’S, 145° 51VE, Dec 1954, Volck 945.

5. Sarcotoechia cuneata Radik., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9: 544 (1879), & in Engler,

Pflanzenr. 98f:1257 (1933) Domin, Biblioth., Bot. 89: 353 (1927). Type: Rockingham

Bay, 2 Nov 1870, J. Dallachy (ecto MEL 74661).

Misapplied names: Cupania tenax auct non (Cunn. ex Benth.) F. Muell.; F. Muell.,

Fragm. 9: 94 (1875); Ratonia tenax auct non (Cunn. ex Benth.) Bailey; F.M. Bailey,

Qd FI. 1: 299 (1899) quoad spec. Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy, p.p.

Trees 10-25 m high, to 30 cm girth; glabrous except minutely pale brown appressed

pubescent or puberulent tips of branchlets and peduncles; branchlets densely lenticellate. Leaf

usually bifoliolate or with 2 pairs of leaflets; petiole 0.5-3 cm long, semiterete, pulvinate;

rachis 1.2-3.7 cm long, bisulcate above; pinnae usually opposite, narrowly elliptic oblong or

obovate-cuneate, obtuse or abruptly shortly acuminate, entire, usually slightly recurved, bases

attenuate or cuneate decurrent into short tumid petiolules, 3.5-11 x 1-3.5 cm, coriaceous,

surfaces dull, opaque, midrib broad, raised especially below, nerves and reticulation very fine,

+ indistinct, lateral nerves 12-14 pairs, suboblique, looping near margin; petiolules 1-4 mm

long, with thick pulvinus (often consisting of pulvinus only). Inflorescences axillary, 5-8.5 x

3.5-5.5 cm, racemiform or with 1 or 2 racemiform branches, cymules usually 2-flowered.

Flowers 3-4.5 mm diam., pale yellow; pedicels 2-4 mm long, pubescent; calyx lobes ovate,

1-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm, puberulent outside, pubescent inside; petals broadly ovate, remotely 2-

toothed at apex, shortly clawed, 1.2-1.5 x 0.5-1.2 mm, margins above claw slightly incurved,

scale-like, densely villous inside, glabrous outside; filaments 3 mm long, pilose; ovary usually

2-celled. Fruits obovoid, keeled towards base when young, !-lobed or 2-sulcate, red or yellow,

1-1.2 x 0.8-1.5 cm, 1 (or 2)-seeded, 2- or 3-valved; valves glabrous outside, densely crispate

hairy inside especially near sutures; seed oblong or obovoid, reddish brown, shiny, with smail

basal disc-like fleshy aril.

Windsor Tableland to Mt Bellenden Ker, north Queensland; on mountain ranges in rainforests.

Queensland: Cook District: Great Divide, NW of Mt Spurgeon, Nov 1971, Hy/and 5678: Tinaroo Ra., via Danbulla,

about 24 km NE of Atherton, Jul 1949, Smith 4166A; Mt Haig, S of Danbulla, Dec 1965, Martin 4067; Aug 1971, Risley -

15; Aug 1976, Stocker 1525; S.F.R. 705, near Mareeba, Jul £982, Gray 2656; Mt Bellenden Ker, Jun 1969, Smith 14723.

6. Sarcotoechia lanceolata (C. White) S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: (in press). Based on

Toechima lanceolatum C. White, Contrib. Arnold Arb. 4: 62 (1933); Radlk. in Engler,

Pflanzenr. 98h: 1504 (1934). Type: Cook District: Gadgarra Reserve, Atherton

Tableland, May 1929, S.F. Kajewski 1038 (BRI, holo).

Trees usually large to 24 m high; young parts and peduncles minutely finely pale brown

appressed pubescent; branchlets and leaf-axis pubescent or puberulent, lenticellate. Leaf 9-

23 cm long with (1-)2 or 3(-4) leaflets each side of rachis; petiole 1-4 cm long, subterete,

pulvinate; rachis 1-6.5 cm long, semiterete; pinnae opposite to alternate, narrowly elliptic-

oblong, attenuating at apex, acuminate or subcaudate, sometimes slightly falcate, entire, bases

obtuse, shortly attenuate, slightly oblique, 6.5-11.2 x 2-3.2 cm, glabrous or subglabrous

below especially on midrib towards base, + chartaceous, dark glossy green above, pale below,

midrib flat above, slightly raised below, very finely nerved and reticulate; lateral nerves 10-

{6 pairs, spreading; petiolules slender, subterete, 0.4-1.2 cm long, pulvinate. Inflorescences

axillary, 2.5-8 xX 1.5-6.5 cm, paniculiform with few racemiform branches, cymules 2- or 3-

flowered. Flowers 3-4 mm diam.; pedicels 2.5-3 mm long, puberulent; calyx 1.2 x 3 mm,

lobes broadly ovate, 1-1.5 x 1-1.5 mm, puberulent outside, + pubescent inside; petals shorter

186

than calyx, 0.5-1 x 0.5-0.75 mm, broadly ovate and long-clawed, broadly denticulate at

apex, margins above tubular, claw incurved and scale—like, sparsely villous on claw, scales

and inside of petals, glabrous outside; filaments subulate, 0.5-2 mm long, pilose at base,

anthers oblong; ovary oblong, + compressed, 2-locular, puberulent, style bifid. Fruit broadly

obovoid or subobcordate, abruptly narrowing at base, usually 2-sulcate, slightly carinate or

compressed at sutures, 0.6-1.2 « 0.8-1.3 cm, yellow with red or plum-coloured base, 1- or

2-locular, usually 1l-seeded, 2-valved; valves thinly fleshy, glabrous outside, crispate

tomentose inside; seed oblong with fleshy disc-like cream aril at base. Fig. 5J.

Common on the Atherton Tableland, north Queensland; in rainforests, alt. 400-800 m.

Queensland: Cook District: Davies Creek, Mareeba district, May 1962, AfcKee 9463; R. 607, near Mareeba, Aug i970,

Nicholson; Gadgarra, Jun & Jul 1929, Kajewski 1084 & 1150; S.F.R. 310, E of Malanda, Jul 1962, Hyland AFO/2792;

Jul 1953, & May 1955, Volck 999. NorTH KENNEDY District: Koolmoon Creek, near Ravenshoe, Jul 1954, Swiith 5280.

SYNIMA

Synima Radlik., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9:501 (1879), & in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f: 1254

(1933). Type: S. cordierorum (F. Muell.) Radlk., based on Cupania cordierorum F.

Muell.,

Trees; branchlets lenticellate, hairy towards apex, indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves

paripinnate; petiole and rachis semiterete; pinnae alternate or opposite, entire or remotely

serrulate, coriaceous, nerves raised below, petiolulate. Inflorescence axillary, spiciform or

paniculiform with subracemose branches; cymules usually in interrupted clusters, glomerulate;

bracteate. Flowers usually unisexual and monoecious, small, regular; pedicels articulate near

base; calyx small, cupular, lobes S~sect, ovate, subimbricate at base; petals 5, subrhomboidal

with 2 large usually crested hairy scales; disc fleshy annular, glabrous; stamens usually 8,

exserted, filaments filiform, villous from below apex, anthers papillose usually glabrous; ovary

trigonous, 3~celled, cells 1-ovulate. Fruit obovoid or subglobose, keeled at sutures especially

towards base; pericarp fleshy, endocarp usually slightly sclerenchymatous, loculicidally 3-

valved from apex to below middle; valves remaining fused in lower part, fleshy, drying thinly

coriaceous, wrinkled, glabrous outside, villous inside; seeds usually 2 per fruit, reddish brown,

obovoid, slightly dorsally compressed; aril adhering to lowermost part of seed, small, oblique,

cupular, bilobed, mantle-like, fleshy, layered.

Two species, Australia and New Guinea; both in Australia.

Inflorescence paniculiform, branches patent bearing scattered small clusters of

stalked cymules. Branchlets less than 5 mm diam., finely pubescent at

BOK CLL ere webb ben io exb orca COEG ny cee Nh Rha okt dex ates URGE ben mtbr o BASE tech edie alga 1. S. cordierorum

Inflorescence spiciform, rarely 1- or 2-branched; cymules in large dense

clusters, subsessile. Branchlets 6-10 mm diam., loosely tomentose at apex

With crispate and VillOUS Hairs ........cccccuevencnccvscevcucsuvnesvsveseseeusens 2. 8. macrophylla

1, Synima cordierorum (F. Muell.) Radlk., Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. 9: 546 (1879), & in

Engler, Pflanzenr. 98f: 1254 (1933); Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 353 (1927). Based on

Cupania cordierorum F. Muell., Fragm. 9: 93 (1875) ‘Cordierii’; F.M. Bailey, Synop.

Qd FI. 76 (1883), Type: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy (MEL 84176, lecto).

Ratonia cordieri F. Muell. ex Bailey, Qd FI. 1: 299 (1899). Based on Cupania cordierorum.

Trees to 27 m high, 30 cm girth, buttressed; branchlets slender, finely grey brown

pubescent towards their tips. Leaf (11-)23-28 cm long with 2—5(-7) leaflets per side of rachis;

petiole 4-6.5 cm long, flat above trisulcate base, glabrescent; rachis angular, (3.5-) 5-9.5 cm

long, pubescent; pinnae elliptic, ovate-oblong or subobovate, abruptly shortly acuminate

rarely obtuse, entire or remotely crenate-serrulate, base subacute or obtuse, oblique, 4.5-12.5

x 2-4.5 cm, glabrous except puberulous midrib, slightly coriaceous, drying subrigid, shiny;

lateral nerves 8-10 pairs, + impressed above, reticulation dense; petiolule 3-8 mm long,

puberulent. Panicles to 29cm long and as wide, peduncles crispate tomentose, often

lenticellate, primary ones usually globose at base, branches patent, slender, with scattered

187

Fig. 6. SYNIMA. 8. macrophylla: A. habit with flowers (Webb & Tracey 8223) x 0.5, B. flower (Webb & Tracey 8223)

x6. C. petaix 12. D. calyx lobe x 12. E. fruit (Jessup 523) x i. F. seed with aril (Jessi 323) x 1.5. 8. cordierorum: G.

habit with flowers and fruits (Jessup 732) x 1. H. fruit (/essup 732) x 1. 1. seed with aril (Crone 877) x 3.

188

small clusters of stalked cymules; bracts narrowly ovate, to 7 x 1.5 mm, pubescent, Flowers

cream, to 2.5 mm diam.; pedicel 1.5 mm long, tomentose; calyx to2 xX 2.5 mm, lobes to 1.5

<x 2mm, pubescent outside; petals to 3 x 2 mm, scales to 3 mm, glabrous outside, villous

‘inside, crests fleshy, + stipitate; filaments to 3 mm long; ovary pubescent. Fruit obovoid,

triquetrous at base, lobed on top, broadly acutely keeled at sutures from middle to base, bright

red to brown, 0.8-2.1 x 0.8~1.8 cm: valves fleshy, thinly villous inside; seed 11 x 5 mm,

shiny; aril yellow, thinly fleshy, dorsally split, oblique, mantle-like covering lower third of

seed or the whole seed. Fig. 6G-I.

Cape Tribulation to Herberton, north Queensland; in rainforests, usually on ridges and low

hills, Also in New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea: Kwinia Lakes, Middle Fly River, Oct 1967, Pullen 7508; Lower Strickland River, Oct 1967, Prlen

7445. Queensland: Coox District: Oliver Ck, near Thornton Peak, Nov 1977, Sanderson 1256 (QRS); S.F.R. 185, near

Danbulla, Dec 1976, Jrvine 1806; S.F.R. 675, near Danbulla, Jan 1977, Grey 265; Keougn’s scrub, Herberton, Nov 1973,

Hartiey & Hyiand 14102; S.F.R. 144, Windsor Tableland, 16° 13°S, 145° 04°, Oct 1981, Gray 2179; Dec 1981, Crome

877.

2. Synima macrophylla S.T. Reynolds, Fl. Australia 25: Gn press). Type: Cook District:

Miriwinni, near Mt Bartle Frere, Dec 1963, L./. Webb & J.G. Tracey 8223 (BRI, holo),

Small trees to 11 m; branchlets stout, loosely tomentose towards their tips with dirty

rusty brown crispate and villous hairs, leaf-axes pubescent. Leaf 36-49 cm long with 2-5

leaflets per side of rachis; petiole 4.5~18 cm long, trisulcate at broad base; rachis 11-23 cm

long; pinnae elliptic to ovate-oblong rarely subobovate, abruptly shortly acuminate, cuspidate

or obtuse, entire or slightly crenulate-serrulate towards apex, base obtuse or truncate, unequal,

0~23(-28) x 5-11(-15) cm, glabrous or lower surface puberulous especially on nerves, lateral

nerves 7-18 pairs, subpatent, reticulation usually indistinct above; petiolules 0.5-1.5 cm long,

pulvinate. Inflorescence spiciform, rarely 1- or 2-branched, 6.5-28 em long; peduncle stout,

loosely tomentose; cymules subsessile, in dense glomerulated clusters; bracts narrowly ovate,

carinate, nearly enclosing young cymules, to 8 x 3 mm, tomentose outside. Flowers cream,

4-5.5 mm diam.; pedicel 2-4 mm long, pubescent; calyx to 3.5 x 5 mm, lobesto3 x 2mm,

pubescent outside; petals 2.5 x 2.5 mm, glabrous outside, villous inside especially on scales;

scales usually crested; filaments to 2.5 mm long. Fruit subglobose or broadly ellipsoid, keeled

at sutures, red, 1.5-2.2 cm long and in diam.; valves fleshy, densely villous inside; seed 12 x

8 mim, with small, broadly cupular, 2~lobed, fleshy, layered, yellow aril towards its base. Fig.

6A-F,

North of Daintree to South Johnstone River, north Queensland; at margins of rainforests.

Queensland: Coox Disrricr: Near Lamond’s Hill, Gourka Pocket Rd, SE of Malanda, Oct 1976, Smith 12092; Topaz,

SE of Malanda, Nov 1982, Jessup 523. S.F.R. 755, near Topaz, Aug 1976, Stocker {$20 (QRS); Palmerston H/way,

Beatrice K., Jan 1978, Risley 300 (QRS).

This species differs from S, cordierorum mainly in its larger leaves and long (usually

unbranched) spiciform inflorescence with dense clusters of subsessile glomerulated cymules.

TRISTIROPSIS

Tristiropsis Radik. in Durand, Index Gen. Phan. 76 (1887) ‘1888’, in Sitzungsber. Bayer.

Akad, 20: 76 (1890). Type: 7. acutangula Radlk. {lectotype, designated here)

Trees; branchlets usually lenticellate, hairy towards their tips, indumentum of simple

hairs. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets distichous, entire; petiolulate. Inflorescence axillary,

paniculiform, cymules usually stalked. Flowers small, reguiar, usually unisexual, monoecious,

pedicellate; calyx 5-partite, lobes broadly ovate or obovate, concave, imbricate, subequal,

coriaceous with thin margins; petals as long as calyx, obovate or subrhomboidal, clawed,

auricled inside with 2 pilose crestless scales, ciliclate; disc broadly annular, glabrous; stamens

8-10, filaments filiform, hairy, anthers usually pilose; ovary 3- or 4—celled, locule 1—ovulate,

style short with longitudinal grooves, stigma 3- or 4-lobed, small, decurrent. Fruit ellipsoid,

obovoid or subglobose, slightly 3- or 4-angular or smooth, cuspidate, 3(or4)-locular, [- or

2{~4}~seeded, pericarp fleshy, indehiscent, when dry with fibrous exocarp and woody

endocarp; seed exarillate,

189

Thirteen or fourteen species, Philippines, Malesia, Mariannes, Solomon and Christmas

Is., New Guinea and Australia; one in Australia.

Tristiropsis canarioides Boerl. ex Valeton, Icon. Bogoriensis 2: 285, Pl. 186, 187 (1906). Type:

New Guinea (not seen).

Trees to 25 m high, 30 cm girth, buttressed; branchlets with short brown appressed

pubescence at tips, minutely lenticellate. Leaf with 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae; primary petiole 2.5-

9 cm long, subterete with swollen pulvinus, lenticellate; secondary ones 3-4 cm long; primary

rachis to 9 cm long, secondary ones 12-14 cm long; pinnules 3- or 4-paired, usually alternate,

obliquely oblong-ovate, elliptic or ovate, subacute or obtuse-emarginate, base unequal, obtuse,

shortly attenuate, 7.5-18.5 x 3-7 cm, glabrous, coriaceous, glossy above; lateral nerves 10-

16 pairs, subpatent, laxly reticulate; petiolules 6-10 mm long, pulvinate. Flowers not seen.

Infructescences to 31 cm long and nearly as wide, peduncles rusty-brown appressed hairy,

primary peduncle shortly expanded near base, minutely lenticellate. Fruits ellipsoid, shortly

stipitate, cuspidate, cream, 2.5-3.5 x 1-2 cm, slightly 3-angled, minutely velvety outside;

calyx persistent.

Tip of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland; in semideciduous forests.

Queensland: Cook District: Between Lockerbie and Somerset, Feb 1980, Hyland 3983, Dec 1982, Hyland 12379;

Lockerbie scrub, Bamaga, Sep 1974, Webb & Tracey 13245.

Austrobaileya 2(2): 190-191 (1985)

A NEW SPECIES OF TRYMALIUM (RHAMNACEAE) FROM SOUTH-

EASTERN QUEENSLAND

by E.M. Ross

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Summary

A new species of Trvmatliim, T. minutifiorunmt is described and notes on distinguishing features are given.

| In the course of preparing the treatment of the family Rhamnaceae for the forthcoming

Flora of South-eastern Queensland Vol. 2., it became obvious that an undescribed species of

Trymalium Fenzl occurred in the region.

Trymalium minutifiorum E. Ross, species nova. Typus: Portion 174 V and 175 V, Parish of

Kunioon, County Fitzroy, ca 2.5 km south Goodger, near Kingaroy, 16 Sep 1979, E.

Buri s.n. (holotypus BRI; isotypi K, CANB, MEL).

Frutex, ramuli tomentosi. Folia obovata, apice obtusa, truncata vel retusa, basi cuneata, margine integro, 2-4.5 mm

* 1.5-2.5 mm, paginis superis pilis stellatis puberulis vestitis, paginis infra longioribus pilis stellatis patentibus, interdum

aliquot pilis simplicibus adspersis; petioli 0.4-0.75 mm longi. Inflorescentia cymosa, cymis terminalibus paniculatis vel

in axils supremis, usque ad 1.2 cm longa, pedicellis ca | mm longis; calyx extus pubens, intus glaber, tubo late obconico,

ca 0.5 mm longis, lobis triangulari-ovatis, ca 0.5 mm longis: petala integra, margine undulato, ca 0.25 mm longa, glabra:

ovarium inferum, biloculare, pubescentibus densis; styluam bilobatum. Fructus nen visus.

Shrub, young branchlets reddish brown, tomentose. Leaves with petioles 0.5-0.75 mm

long; blacles obovate, apex obtuse to truncate or retuse, base cuneate, margin entire, 2-4.5 mm

x 1.5-2.3 mm, discolourous, paler beneath, very finely stellate pubescent above, ionger

stellate pubescent below, sometimes with a few long reddish brown, simple hairs as weil.

Flowers in small, white tomentose, terminal and upper-axillary cymes or cymose panicles up

to 1.2 cm long, pedicels ca 1 mm long; calyx white tomentose outside, glabrous inside, tube

broadly obconical, ca 0.5 mm long, lobes triangular-ovate, ridged up the middle inside, ca

0.5 mm long; petals entire, margin undulate, ca 0.25 mm long, glabrous; disc sinuate; ovary

inferior, 2-locular, densely white pubescent, style 2-lobed. Fruits not seen. Fig. 1.

This species is known so far only from the type collection, growing on a small plateau

in red brown sandy loam in open forest with a dense understorey. It flowers in September.

It is apparently endemic in south-eastern Queensland, and does not appear to have any

close affinities with other known species of Trymalium. Geographically the nearest other

species are endemic in the Victorian Grampians (two species), with one species in South

Australia and five described and at least one undescribed species in Western Australia. It is

distinguished from other species by the combination of its very small obovate leaves with

narrow pubescent stipules with short brown glabrous tips, and its minute flowers with shortly

2~-lobed style and 2~locular ovary.

Fan Speck gh ge eM fel eS EIA IES FERIA

sbeebs Aim bs Abe aR San ae ERE pe Nga NER BL PAs eM hed ae ne a aE pen a gal a Bb od o> aghast tte plaiiac ced ae hed aaa mE

Sepa st

Fig. 1. Trymalium minutifiorum: A. habit x 1, B. inflorescence x 6. C. flowers x 25. All from &, Burt (BRI 248536).

Austrobaileya 2(2}): 192-197 (1985)

NEW SPECIES FROM BLACKDOWN TABLELAND, CENTRAL

QUEENSLAND—1.

by R.J.F. Henderson

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane.

SUMLEATY

Hardenbersia perbrevidens (Fabaceae) and Logania diffusa (Loganiaceae) are described.

During my collecting trips to the Blackdown Tableland in central Queensland in 197]

and 1973, material of several new taxa was collected. A general account of the tableland and

its botany has already been given (Henderson, 1976 a & b). In identifying my material [ had

cause to examine specimens collected earlier in the same locality by other botanists and plant

collectors. From all the above and the more extensive collections of the Queensland Herbarium

the following two new species have been segregated. Other, possibly distinct, taxa remain for

more detailed study to determine their status.

Hardenbergia perbrevidens R. Henderson, sp. nov. affinis H. violaceae (Schneev.) Stearn sed

foliis trifoliclatis, foliolis infra + glaucis, papillis numerosis microscopis pallidis, lobis

calycis 44 — 1/5 longitudem tubi aequantibus, par superum connatum + semicirculare,

late obtusum vel paulo retusum, lobi alu late triangulares vel + semicirculares sed

apiculati, leguminibus magnioribus seminibus oblongis, impolitis, maculosis,

magnioribus differt. Typus: Gittins 374 (holotypus, BRI (BRI 030820); isotypus,

CANB).

Hardenbergia bimaculata var. trifoltolata Domin, Bibliotheca Botanica 89: 220 (1926).

Typus: Cape River [Qld], Bowman 161 @ holotypus, MEL).

Caules tenues, volubiles, + glabri. Folia trifoliclata; petioli 1.5~3.5 cm longi: rhachis 0.6-1 cm longa; folola

anguste ovata vel anguste elliptica, 2-9.5 cm longa et 0.5~3 cm lata, ad apicem obtusa vel cordata sed miucronata, ad

basem obtusa vel cordata, infra + glauca. Inflorescentiae racemosae vel racemiformes, 3-20 cm longae. Flores usque

adc. | em longi, singulares ve] 2-4 aggregati. Calyx glaber, praeter marginem fimbriatum, 3.5-4 mm longus, par superum

loborum lobo + semicirculari, usque ad c. 6.8 mm longo connatum, lobi alii 3 + consimili, late triangulari, usque ad

c. 0.6 mm longi. Corolla purpurea hiteo notata. Ovarium glabrum, ovulis 6-9. Legumen complanaium, glabrum, 4.5~

6 em longum etc. | em latum. Semina oblonga-reniformia, 6-7 mm longa, impolita, olivacea purpura maculosa; arillus

carnosus, 2.4--3 mm longus.

Stems slender, twining, + glabrous, striate. Leaves trifoliclate; petioles 1.5-3.5 cm

long; rhachis 0,6-1 cm long; leaflets narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 2-9.5 cm long and

0.5-3.5 ecm wide, obtuse or cordate but mucronate at the tip, obtuse or cordate at the base,

lower surface + glaucous, densely covered with -: microscopic pallid papillae. Inflorescences

racemose or racermiform, 3~20 cm long; peduncle glabrous, 0.8-5.5 cm long. Flowers to about

1 cm long, single or in groups of 2-4 along the rhachis; pedicels glabrous, 2-6 mm long. Calyx

glabrous except for fimbriate margins, 3.5~4 mm long, the upper pair of lobes fused +

completely to form a single + semicircular obtuse truncate or retuse lobe to about 0.8 mm

long, the remaining 3 lobes + broadly triangular or semicircular but apiculate, + equal in

size and up to about 0.6 mm long. Corolla deep mauve to purple with yellow marks towards

the base of each petal. Ovary glabrous, with 6-9 ovules. Pod at maturity flattened, glabrous,

4,.5-6.5 cm long and about 1 cm wide, grey-brown to black; seed oblong-reniform, 6-7 mm

long, dull, light green to brown and mottled with purple, oblique to almost transverse in the

pod; aril fleshy, 2.5~3 mm long. Fig. 1.

LEICHHARD?T Disrrict: Blackdown Tableland, c. 12 miles [19 km] SSE of Bluff township, altitude c, 1800-1900 feet

[S40-~580 mj, 20 Sep 1959, R. Johnsen 1014, on small shelf on northern face with Casvering toruiosa, bloodwood and

Livistona sp. (BRD: Blackdown, Jul 1961, Gittins 374 (BRI, CANB); Blackdown Tableland, altitude c. 400 m, 28 Nov

1972, L. Johnson & Blaxell 916, on slopes below northern escarpment with Eucalyptus citriodora, E. cloeziana, Livistona

sp. and 7ristania conferia (NSW); Wafer’s Spur, Blackdown Tableland, 23° 44'S, 149° 07°E, 13 Jum 1977, Crisp 3004,

skeletal sandy soil on sandstone, common creeper under open forest with Eucalyptus cloeziana & E. spp. (CBG); camping

area on Nogoa River, Salvator Rosa National Park, 31 Aug 1977, Blavell 1490 & Armstrong, on sandstone rocky ridge

in tall open woodland of Eucalyptus crebra, E, peltata, Angaphora cestaia and Acacia sp. etc. (NSW); Pythagoras Mt,

Salvator Rosa National Park, 24° 50’S, 147° G3°E, 27 Oct 1981, Ballingali & Cockburn MEB 393, sheltered valley at

base of mountain spur, sandstone and sand, shrub trailing and twining rarely climbing (CBG). NORTH KENNEDY DISTRICT:

& miles [12.8 km] W of Pentland township, 20 Jun 1953, Perry 3557, in sandy creek bed (BRI); Cape River, £. Bowman

161 (MEL).

PEE ee a ta ts

Bt ag eps aR ee ht bone eet

"Hs ae

HSER a ae eee

eee

, 4 Roe

a Car i

2 ro Nie lin

Kasil

Be?

dll i

“a0

ami '

bad

Fig. 1. Hardenbergia perbrevidens: A. leaf showing principal venation on adaxial surface of leaflets x 1. B. Gp of

leaflet showing venation on abaxial surface x 3. C. enlarged marked portion on B showing microscopic pallid papillae

x 50. D. terminal portion of inflorescence x 3. E. bud near time of opening x 6. F. bud after corolla has fallen x 3. G.

one pod-vaive from inside showing orientation of young seed x 1. H. mature seed (end elevation) x 6. [. mature seed

(side elevation) x 6, (AH except B, C & E from Gittins 374; B & C from Johnson 1014; E from Perry 3557.)

[94

The specific epithet is derived from the plant’s very short calyx lobes.

This appears to be a relatively uncommon plant occurring on sandy soils in mland

north-eastern Queensland. On the Blackdown Tableland it occurs with H. violacea but 1s

distinguished from that species principally by the trifoliolate leaves, the comparatively short

and broadly triangular calyx lobes 1% to 1/5 the length of the calyx tube, the larger, longer

pods with larger, oblong dull purple mottled green-brown seeds. In the trifoliolate leaves H.

perbrevidens is similar to some forms of the Western Australian H. comptoniana Benth. but

is clearly distinguished from that species by the greater fusion of the upper pair of calyx lobes,

the much shorter and broader calyx lobes, the glabrous rather than pubescent pedicels and the

larger, flattened pods with seeds + transverse rather than longitudinal.

In dealing with Hardenbergia violacea (as Caulina monophylla) in Australia, Mueller

(1871) mentioned and described but did not formally name a variety with trifoliolate leaves

collected by E.M. Bowman on the Cape River, north Queensland. When dealing with

Hardenbergia, Domin (1926) formally named this taxon HZ, bimaculata var. trifoliolata on the

basis of the above Mueller reference, for he noted that the form was unknown to him.

Examination of Bowman 161 (MEL 104303}, no doubt the basis for Mueller’s note under

Caulina monophyila and hence type of this Domin name, shows that Domin’s name is a

synonym of H. perbrevidens. | have refrained from raising Domin’s epithet to species rank

because trifoliolate leaves are also a character of H. comptoniana.

Logania diffusa R. Henderson, sp. nov. affinis ZL. a/bifforae (Andr.) Druce sed statura

parviore, foliis linearibus acutis, subter breviter pubescentibus (non papillosis), floris

paucioribus, parvioribus lebis corollae tubum corollae excedentibus, in corymbos

parviores portatis differt. Typus: Gittins 880 (holotypus, BRI (BRI 057085)(¢)).

Frutices diffusi, 6.3~1 m alti, dioecii. Rami patentes juventute minute pubescentes. Foila angusti-lnearia, subtus

breviter pubescentia (inter costam et margines), marginibus revolutis, plerumaque minus quam 3 cm (raro usque 3.5) cm

longa et usque I mm lata, + sessila, apice minute incrassato conico acuto, + dense aggregata secus ramos. Flores in

statu vivo valde olentia, in corymbos breves axillares multo breviores quam folia ageregata. Corollae albidae, minus

quam 2 mm longae, lobi corollae longiores quam tubum corollae. Flores masculini gynoeciis rudimentariis, usque ad c.

10 in quoque corymbo; stamina epipctala, breviter exserta. Flores feminel staminibus rudimentariis, c. 3-5 in quoque

corymbo; ovarium bilobum, biloculare, ovulo bilobo solitario in quoque loculo; stylus brevis; stigma incisure minuta

bilobum. Capsula + ovata, minus quam 3 mm longa.

Diffuse shrubs 0.3-1 m tall, dioecious. Branches spreading, the younger ones minutely

pubescent. Leaves narrow-linear, shortly pubescent on the undersurface (between midrib and

margins), margins revolute, usually less than 3 (rarely up to 3.5) cm long and up to 1 mm

wide, + sessile, with the tip conical, thickened and acute, + crowded along the branches.

Flowers when fresh strongly sweet-perfumed, clustered in short axillary corymbs much shorter

than the leaves; corollas white, less than 2 mm long, lobes longer than the tube: male flowers

with rudimentary gynoecia, up to c. 10 per corymb; stamens epipetalous, shortly exserted:

female flowers with rudimentary stamens, c, 3-5 tn each corymb; ovary bilobed, bilocular

with 1 bilobed ovule in each cell; style short; stigma distinctly notched. Capsule + ovate, less

than 3 mm long, Fig. 2 & 3.

LEICHHARDY District: Blackdown Tableland, 12 miles [19 km] SSE of Bluff township, altitude c, 2200 feet 1670 mj,

Sep 1959, RW. Johnsan 1126, on sandy soil near northern scarp in open forest with Eucalyptis spp. and Casuarina

foruiosa, (7); Blackdown Tableland, Ful 1961, CLA. Gittins 380, (4), May 1962, CH. Gittins s.n., (2), Aug 1964, CH.

Gittins 880, (£); Blackdown Tableland, altitude 2600 feet [c. 790 m], Aug 1973, G.W. Trapneil 34 & K.A.W. Williams,

on sandy soils, (7); Blackdown Tableland, Aug 1980, K.A.W. Williams 80207, in sandy clay with high percentage of

sandstone outcropping and loose surface stones, shrub heathland at beginning of descent from tableland, (7); windblown

escarpment, Blackdown Tableland, Aug 1981, 8.G. Peerson 273, dry stony soil with stunted Banksia, Leptaspermum,

Yellow Jacket and Bloodwood, (73; fall BRD.

The specific epithet is derived from the habit of the plant.

As presently known this species has a very restricted distribution and is perhaps endemic

on the Blackdown Tableland. It was not collected during my extensive, detailed collecting

forays to the Tableland in 1971 and 1973 (Henderson, loc. cit.) and seems therefore a relatively

uncommon plant even on the Tableland.

Fig. 2. Logania diffusa: A. leaf with paired deciduous stipules x 12. B. T.S. of leaf blade showing recurved margins

(diagrammatic) x 12. C. twig with subapical axillary flower clusters (2) x 3. D. detached leaf with axillary cluster of 3 2

flowers x 6. E. 2 flower with part of perianth removed to show gynoecium and rudimentary stamens x 12. F. dehisced

capsule showing outer surfaces x 8. G. dehisced capsule showing inner surfaces x 8. (All from Gittins 380.)

“fet bes ale ‘

I gel

“Mts

Fig, 3. Logania diffusa: A. twig with subapical axillary flower clusters (¢) x 3. B. detached leaf with axillary cluster of

7 6 flowers x 6. C. 6 flower with part of perianth removed to show stamens and rudimentary gynoecium. (All from

Pearson 273.)

197

Of the other Queensland species, L. diffusa is most like L. albiflora, a widespread

species which occurs commonly on the Blackdown Tableland. That species is clearly

distinguished from L. diffusa by its generally taller stature, broader leaves covered only with

dense papillae on the undersurfaces, larger corymbs with more numerous flowers, included

stamens and corolla with lobes shorter than the tube, and larger fruit. L. diffusa is superficially

very like some extremely narrow-leaved forms of L. albiflora from central eastern New South

Wales and Victoria (as represented by specimens in BRI) but the type of indumentum on its

leaves and the characteristics of its flowers will serve to distinguish it from those forms.

References

DOMIN, K. (1926). Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 89: 220.

HENDERSON, R.J.F. (1976a). History or Floristics of Biackdown Tableland, Central Queensiand. Queensland Naturalist

21 (5-6): 119-124.

HENDERSON, R.J.F. (1976b). Plants of Blackdown Tableland. Queensland Naturalist 21 (5-6): 125-132.

MUELLER, F, (1871). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 7: 128.

Austrobaileya 2(2): 198-201 (1985)

SOME HISTORICAL COLLECTING LOCALITIES IN AND AROUND

BRISBANE

by A. Bolin

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

With the passing of time some of the collecting iocalities of comparatively old material

in the Queensland Herbarium from the Brisbane area, are not familiar and may not be found

on present-day maps. It is useful to establish the positions of these localities as the specimens

gathered at these places often represent the first major collecting done in and around Brisbane

and hence are valuable records of the vegetation of these early periods. Some of these

“cian are also nomenclatural types and it would be helpful to know exactly where they

were made.

In the period 1886—94 many of these localities were visited and collections made there

by what was then the Field Naturalists’ Section of the Royal Society of Queensland. The

inaugural meeting of the group was held in the Library of the Queensland Museum on 6

October, 1886. Among other aims of the group proposed at this meeting was the holding of

excursions, mainly on Saturday afternoons, to ‘places situated within a radius of a few miles

from the city, and which shall recommend themselves by reason of the inducements they

present to either geological, botanical, or entomological students severally, or for the combined

pursuits of these naturalists’. Other excursions “occupying more than a Saturday afternoon’

were to be undertaken to areas outside of the city area. Some important botanical collectors

of this period were F.M. Bailey, J.H. Simmonds J.F. Shirley, H. Tryon, H.L. Griffiths and

G. Watkins.

Listed below are localities visited with details as given in the minute book of the Field

Naturalists’ Section or contemporary newspaper clippings on how the locality was reached

and where collections were made in that locality. Maps from 1880 onwards have been consulted

in the Queensland State Archives and the John Oxley Library. Geographical co-ordinates have

been added and reference given in some cases to places named on present-day maps.

Belmont, 10 Sep 1887, 9 Jun 1888. °. . a trip to Belmont and an examination of the scrub on

the lower spurs of Mount Petrie, near what was formerly Mackenzie’s plantation’. They

travelled to the bus ‘. . terminus near Belmont school’ and ‘passing the school’ they ‘turned

to the right’ and travelled ‘about a mile. . to the scrub’. This road is known as Scrub Road

on present-day maps in the suburb of Belmont. 27° 31’S, 153° 08’E.

Bowen Park, 9 Oct 1886, 2 Jul 1887, 28 Apr 1888, 9 Nov 1889, In ‘. . the gardens of the

Acclimatisation Society’. The park is in Bowen Hills opposite the Royal Brisbane Hospital.

At that time it occupied land now bounded by Bowen Bridge Road, O’Connell Terrace and

the railway line. 27° 27’S, 153° 02’E.

Cabbage Tree Creek, 11 Aug 1888. ‘Near Sandgate’. ‘Striking north from the railway line a

thin belt of scrub was found, lining the creek, and covering the little tongues of land between

its windings.’ The group could not have gone north from the present Sandgate Railway Station

to have reached the creek. They may have left from Deagon or Boondall Station or the direction

given may be wrong. Other excursions to this area were made on 14 Jan 1888 and 11 May

1889. 27° 20’S, 153° OS’E.

Eagle Farm, 13 Nov 1886. The ‘. . locality visited being the swamp lying between the Brisbane

River and the racecourse, and thence along towards Nundah’. This would appear to be in

present-day Hamilton with the swamp possibly towards the Royal Queensland Golf Club. The

racecourse is now Eagle Farm but was then called Brisbane Racecourse, 27° 27’S, 153° O5’E.

Eagle Farm Flats, 24 Nov 1888. A ‘. . small scrub near the Powder Magazine at Eagle Farm’.

The Powder Magazine was on the Brisbane River near what is now Savage Street, Pinkenba.

27° 27°S, 153° 05’E.

199

Enoggera Gap, 23 Oct 1886. This is now the suburb known as The Gap. Collections were

made along Enoggera Creek. 27° 27’S, 152° 57°E.

Happy Valley, 24 Sep 1887. ‘An excursion was made to ‘‘Happy Valley’’ and Kedron Brook

near Enoggera’. Stafford Road was then called Happy Valley Road, so the locality must be

in the suburbs of Stafford or Everton Park along Kedron Brook. 27° 25’S, 153° 00’E.

Indooroopilly, 16 Oct 1886, 7 May 1887. ‘Proceeding towards the Brisbane River and entering

the first scrub-girt gully on the right . .’. They then walked up a creek bed to Witton Scrub.

This creek would be Witton Creek near Witton Road, Indooroopilly. 27° 30’S, 152° 58’E.

Ithaca Creek, 12 Mar 1887. The group met at the Toowong Cemetery gates and then took a

track ‘which they followed to the crossing over Ithaca Creek near Rosalie’. Presumably this

is the present crossing of Simpsons Road over the creek in the suburb of Bardon. 27° 28’S,

152° 58’E,

23 Apr 1887. They met ‘. . at the Bridge over Ithaca Creek on the Waterworks Road and

having followed the road some little distance struck off to the left till they reached Ithaca

Creek which was traced up to the bridge at the back of Rosalie’. The first bridge is in the

suburb of Ithaca while the second bridge must be the same one reached in the March excursion

to Ithaca Creek. 27° 27’S, 152° 58’E.

12 May 1888. ‘An excursion was made along Ithaca Creek from the Ashgrove Road to Coopers

Camp’. The Ashgrove Road is now Waterworks Road. Where Coopers Camp was is not

certain but as the present Coopers Camp Road crosses Ithaca Creek between Bardon and

Ashgrove, Coopers Camp was presumably in this area. Other excursions to this area were

made on 15 Jun 1889 and 28 Sep 1889. 27° 27’S, 182° 59’E.

Kedron Brook, 4 Jun 1887. The train ‘brought the party to Eagle Farm Junction where they

alighted . . . following the Sandgate line for half-a-mile the brook was crossed at the railway

bridge, and the left or eastern bank was selected ... The work... was the examination of

the flora of the brook valley from Nundah to Lutwyche’. The area where they commenced

collecting is now known as Kalinga Park in the suburb of Eagle Junction. (See also Happy

Valley). 27° 25’S, 153° 03’E.

Mt Pleasant, 26 Mar 1887. As this was a Saturday afternoon excursion this must have been

the present Mt Pleasant in the suburb of Holland Park between Beryl Crescent and Abbotsleigh

Road. 27° 31’S, 153° 02’E.

One Tree Hill, 22 Oct 1887, 28 Jan 1888, 7 Jul 1888. ‘A field excursion was made to a gully

within the Mt Coot-tha reserve’. This hill is now called Mt Coot-tha. 27° 29’S, 152° 57’E.

Oxley, 12 Oct 1889. “The locality visited was a small scrub in the vicinity of Oxley Railway

Station’. This is in the suburb of Oxley. 27° 33’S, 152° 58’E.

Peechey’s Scrub, 5 Nov 1887, 17 Dec 1887, 14 Apr 1888, 27 Oct 1888. ‘The scrub is situated

about two miles beyond Ashgrove and about half a mile to the south of the Waterworks-

road’. The directions given place the locality in the suburb of The Gap but the exact area has

not been located.

Racecourse and Hamilton, 31 Dec 1887. ‘. . Swamps near Racecourse and Hamilton’. This is

most probably the same swamp as visited on the excursion to Eagle Farm in November, 1886.

27° 27’S, 153° OS’E.

St Lucia, 30 Jul 1887. ‘St Lucia estate and neighbourhood of South Toowong’. This is now

the suburb of St Lucia. 27° 30’S, 153° 00’E.

sandgate, 19 Feb 1887. ‘The party went out on the beach and examined the slope of the

esplanade facing the sea . .’. 27° 20’S, 153° 04’E.

200

Sankey’s Scrub, 27 Aug 1887, 3 Dec 1887, 10 Mar 1888, 22 Dec 1888. ‘. . beyond Coorparoo

and to the right of White’s Hill’. This area is in the vicinity of White’s Hill Reserve in the

suburbs of Camp Hill and Carina Heights. 27° 31’S. 153° 0S’E.

Simpsons Gate, 16 Jul 1887. The party ‘.. met. . atthe Toowong Cemetery gates... . walk

[ed] up the incline that leads to Mount Coot-tha. . turn [ed] into the picturesque little road

that follows the windings of Ithaca Creek .. reaching Simpson’s Creek .. strike up the

creek .. many hidden pockets and secluded gullies along the base of Taylor’s Range . .’. The

‘. . picturesque little road’ is Simpsons Road and ‘Simpson’s Creek’ would now be East Ithaca

Creek in Mt Coot-tha Park. Another excursion was made to this area on 5 Jan 1889, 27° 28S,

152° 58’E.

Sunnybank, 2 Mar 1889. ‘The collecting ground being a swamp adjoining the railway station’.

This swamp is still in existence south of the Sunnybank Railway Station. 27° 35’S, 153° 03’E.

Three Mile Scrub, 27 Nov 1886, 21 May 1887. ‘. . Greenwood Scrub on the Kelvin Grove

road... by Enoggera omnibus .. alighting at the terminus of the first stage . . After leaving

the main road and following that to the left for a few hundred yards, and having crossed and

re-crossed the Enoggera Creek’. Ashgrove Avenue was formerly called Three Mile Scrub Road

and there is a Greenwood Street coming off it. From the Queensland Naturalist 1(8): 177

(1911), Three Mile Scrub was described as ‘North side of Enoggera Creek extending from the

Kelvin Grove tram terminus to the Grove Estate, length about one mile, width about one

quarter to one half mile’. The Kelvin Grove tram terminus was on Enoggera Road at

Newmarket between Newmarket Road and Edmonstone Street and the Grove Estate is now

Ashgrove. 27° 26’S, 153° 00’E.

Waterworks Road, 19 Jan 1889. A ‘.. small creek to the right of the Waterworks Road a

few miles beyond Ashgrove’. This must be Fish Creek at The Gap as the only other creek in

the area 1s Enoggera Creek and this would be been named as such. 27° 27’S, 152° 57°E.

Witton Scrub. See Indooroopilly.

Other localities in the city the naturalists visited but for which no specific collecting

areas are given are Lutwyche, 5 Feb 1887, Mt Gravatt, 8 Jan 1887, 8 Oct 1887, 1 Jun 1889

and Toombul 18 Dec 1886.

Excursions of one or more days were made to areas outside of the city 1n this period.

These are as follows:

Brookfield, 8-10 Dec 1888. ‘The locality visited was near the head of Moggill Creek and about

two miles south of the Gold Creek reservoir’. 27° 28’S, 152° 52’E.

Burleigh Head. See Macpherson Range.

Caboolture, 22-23 Sep 1888. Three scrubs were visited. ‘. . the first. . Hes on the river bank

above the township . . . the other two are also on the river bank, but below the settlement’.

Some ‘two miles of open or lightly timbered country’ between these two areas was also

examined. 27° 0O5’S, 152° 57’E.

Dinmore, 17 Mar 1887. Collections were made around the pottery works and New Chum

coalmine and then the party ‘. . crossed the railway line and’ went ‘down into the undulating

country lying between it and the river . .’. This river is the Bremer. 27° 36’S, 152° 50’E.

Eudlo, Mar ? 1891. ‘. . visiting the Eudlo Creek Scrubs, and from thence to the summit of

the Blackall Range’. This area is west of the railway near Eudlo. Another excursion to Eudlo

was undertaken on 10 Nov 1891 but no specific collecting areas were recorded. 26° 44’S, 152°

STE.

Eumundi, 19-21 Nov 1892. The first day’s collecting was ‘. . along the railway line up the

range with the intention of working some of the gullies coming down through the scrub’. On

the second day a trip was made to Mount Cooroy. Another excursion was made to Eumundi

at Easter 1894 but no collecting areas were recorded. Eumundi — 26° 29’S, 152° 57’E.

SIU Ee LE

2Q]

Goodna Scrub, 24 May 1889. To ‘a scrub about 3 miles from the Goodna Railway Station in

a Southerly direction’. Another excursion was made to Goodna on 10 Dec 1889 but no

collecting areas were recorded. 27° 38’°S, 152° 54’E.

Helidon, 9 Apr 1887. ‘. . our object to visit the well-known Helidon waterfalls, and to botanise

along the watercourses in their neighbourhood’. The location of these waterfalls has been

established as a few lulometres north of Helidon. Helidon — 27° 33’S, 152° 08’E.

Kholo, 24 May 1892. °. . others bent on botany and entomology were taken a little further

down the river to the centre of a scrub, where they again landed and began to collect along

the slopes . . . Ascending the hill which overhung the scrub, the road from Brisbane to Mt.

Crosby was struck . .’. This area must be the bend of the river between present-day Karana

Downs and Anstead. 27° 32’S, 152° 50’E.

Macpherson Range, 31 Mar-30 Apr 1893. The first excursion was to Burleigh Head summit.

28° Q5’S, 153° 27°E. The next day they ascended ‘Mudgeraba’ (now Mudgeeraba) Creek and

climbed a ‘spur of the Macpherson Range known . . as Nimmul’ (now Nimmel Mt). 27° 09°S,

153° 18’E.

Maroochie. See Yandina.

Mount Mistake, 18-21 Jun 1887. ‘. . inthe neighbourhood of Laidley’. Collections were made

on the mountain 27 km SSW of Laidley. 27° 52’S, 152° 20’E.

Mudgeraba. See Macpherson Range.

Pine River, 24 May 1888. From Strathpine Railway Station, ‘‘Striking off at right angles to

the left of the railway line . . . About two miles anda half . . were passed’’. The party became

unsure of the way to the scrub or even if it existed. They found a creek ‘about three miles

ahead’. The collecting was done at this creek, probably a tributary of the South Pine River.

27° 18'S, 152° 55’E.

Rosewood, 10 Dec 1886. From the town ‘. . a start was made for the range to the north of

the railway line... a start was made for Perry’s Knob... plants were collected in the

ascent . .’. 27° 37’S, 152° 367’E.

Strathpine. See Pine River.

Woolston Scrub, 9 Nov 1888. ‘This scrub borders the Brisbane River, extending from a point

almost directly west from Woolston Railway Station, two or three miles towards Goodna’.

Woolston (or Wolston) Railway Station is now Wacol Railway Station.

20 Mar 1892. ‘. . to proceed to Woolston Creek and the scrubs on its banks . . . Having made

a jong tour through the scrub the party came on to the bank of the creek, about a mile anda

half from its mouth. .’.

The Scrub appears to have been in the area between Wacol and the Brisbane River

south of Wolston Creek and may have extended up to the creek, but it is uncertain whether

the scrubs along Wolston Creek were known as part of the Woolston Scrub. 27° 35’S, 152°

S54 E.

Yandina, 1-2 Mar 1891. ‘Crossing the [Maroochie] river by the railway bridge . . . the scrub

on the west of the line was selected, and collecting commenced . . . Following this scrub along

the river brought us to the main Gympie road, along which we kept to the south for about

two miles .. . Crossing the railway line and still keeping the main road, we came on a small

creek ... Turning along the creek to the east’. In the afternoon leaving the camp at the

railway bridge on the river they ‘. . followed the river down towards its mouth’. The next day

was wet and little collecting was done. Yandina — 26° 34’S, 152° S7’E.

Other localities visited but for which no areas of collection were given are Mooloolah

Scrubs, 10 Dec 1890, Pimpama, 18 Mar 1889 and Tamborine Mt., 30 Mar 1888.

2U2

BOOK REVIEW

T.R. New: A biology of acacias. Pp, 153 + ix, 16 figures and 2 plates Melbourne: Oxford

University Press in association with La Trobe University Press, 1984.

The author points out in his preface to this slim volume that ‘the bibliography is not exhaustive,

but well indicates the range of literature available’. It would be unkind of me, then to criticise

the book on the grounds that some literature is omitted. On the other hand I am bound to

point out that the bibliography does not quite indicate the range of literature available.

Deficiences in the bibliography are not immediately obvious. There is no index to topics and

some are difficult to find. Cyanogenesis is, for example, treated in chapter 4, but I have to

read the book to find this out. The topic is not in the rather detailed table of contents that

does, to some extent, make-up for the lack of an index.

The core of the book, and the best part of it, is the chapter Acacias and athropeods.

This is to be expected since Dr New is an entomologist. The intricate, fascinating interactions

between acacias and insects are well treated and documented. However, (returning to the

subject of cyanogenesis), there is a larger body of literature on the subject than one would

expect from its treatment in the chapter. I have a particular interest in the first chapter

Classification and phylogeny. The subject matter is well presented and discussed at some

length. Tables are used effectively to summarise data from various sources and there are some

enlightening figures. In using two photographs of stipular spines, however, the author missed

the opportunity of illustrating thorns which are characteristic of those African acacias that

do not have thorns (= spines). The distinction between thorns and spines is made in the text.

Boke is misquoted on p.7. Actually he concluded that: ‘All evidence indicates that acacia

phyllodes are homologous with the petiole — rachis of a pinnate foliage leaf... .’, not with

the petiole alone. The map (p.26) shows subg. Heterophyllum as occurring in Mexico. This

depends solely on the placing of A. willardiana in subg. Aculeiferum. As there is considerable

doubt about the matter, I think a question mark on the map would have been appropriate.

Two significant papers have been overlooked and I doubt that they would be referred

to in any of the papers cited in the bibliography. Spegazzini in his 1924 revision of the Argentine

acacias distinguished Manganaroa as a genus disinct from Acacia, mainly on account of a

small gland on top of the anther. Both Brenan and Ross noted that this was a characteristic

of all indigenous African acacias. Anicbor (Darwiniana 15:128-142, 1969) showed that floral

nectaries occur in flowers of species of subg. Aculeiferum in Argentina. This correlates well

with the observations of Robbertse on African species (quoted on p.5).

The second chapter, Ecology, is rather a mixture. I found some useful references but

also curious omissions. Johnson’s & Burrows’s chapter on Acacia communities in R.H. Groves

(ed): Australian Vegetation (Cambridge University Press) is necessary supplementary reading.

I was disappointed in the chapter, Acacias and man. Much of the information is insignificant

and appears to be dated. Almost four pages are devoted to tan bark. Do people still have

injections of gum arabic? None of the sources about the procedure that are cited is recent.

Acacias are not important as sources of timber, and timber probably does not warrant many

more than the 12 entries in the bibliography. But it does warrant more up-to-date ones. Only

two of the papers cited were published in the last 25 years: A. mangium, a potentially valuable

plantation species in Malaysia, and other tropical phyllodineous species are not mentioned.

The three appendixes are useful. Bentham’s (1875) classification 1s presented 1n the first. Those

of Vassal and myself are presented in the second. The third is an index to species. This is

essential, as currently accepted names and previously accepted ones both occur in the text.

The haphazard use of A. arabica for A.nilotica is a bit irritating, especially when (on p.87)

they appear to refer to two different species. A. cunninghamii (p.67) 1s probably A. concurrens

not A. leiocalyx. A. leiocalyx is not the same as A.g/aucescens as is stated in the appendix. A.

glaucescens, however, is the same as A. Dinervia.

Despite the sins of omission this is a useful book. Every biological library and every

biologist interested in acacias should have a copy. Chapters | & 3 are specially recommended.

L. PEDLEY.

S. R. Hampson, Government Printer, Queensland

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CONTENTS

Thelionema, a new genus of the Phormiaceae from Australia

R.J.F. Henderson

nee

a a ee ee ee ee ee a ee ee ee ee ee

A revision of Fontainea Heckel (Euphorbiaccae-Cluytieae)

L.W. Jessup & G.P. Guymer

Two new epiphytic species of EYCOPORUN (Lycopodiaceae) from north-eastern

Queensland

DLs, FORCE Be GEA ba gace etn cu phehnta ek hatarcp vd ewer die Selon ve Pa LEANED EE AEE

A revision of Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) in northern and eastern Australia, 2

; ? *

N.B. Byrnes nor ee ere re Cn re ee ET ee De ee ee ee ee ee ed th ae el

A name change in the genus Bertya (Euphorbiaceae)

G.P. Guymer

The ironbarks allied to Eucalyptus crebra F. Muell. and the description of a

new species, /. quadricostata, in the group

M.1I.H. Brooker

t +

eo eee ea ae PE og OF oe nw St la x Le ES

Pee OR ROR eee EERE ER HOCH Dee EE HHH eee eee F

Notes on Sapindaceae, IV.

».T. Reynolds

A new species of 7rymalium (Rhamnaceae) from south-eastern Queensland

aeuee

ovate

BRGOSS "he pia !ace Wate acelece Repdiae-a a olellvcnre de Use Enola Nasain staid aves no ATR Gla dh Shee va teak pape Sete

New species from Backdown Tableland, Central Queensland — I

Peed Me FARR ASUS DE ce rasa etd Ceci ce Pe N COE bicncat te elec ttc alate ek cr elace elec care RON

Some historical collection localities in and around Brisbane

Fe TPE, Bc ch Laice decades ecleca alec cll: ee Ub Web Both note ch ulune salle tete Poids Calecanthbak Mseeae

* APRS LASS pve eee ceePeCeCC CC CCC CORK rr Kh CO aaa ae aa era a aaa aaa a hr ae aha

BG SOV Fae Bex dave hee Sc ly tetas Ee cde duh hole eclded egluadd eh en unate bleledul inc duis eng acauk Reo EOT

Editorial Committee

L. Pedley (Editor)

G,.P. Guymer

T.D. Stanley

Austrobaileya 2(1) was published on 14 July 1984.

een

a a a ee ee es ee er 2

aaee

Pa ee ee ee ee se se se eee eee ee ee ee

a0 6 ©

eR SREP ORR ORO OO Re eee he hee eee rae ee FP

126

131

147

148

153

190

192

198

202