Editorial Committee

L.W. Jessup (editor)

R.J.F. Henderson (technical advisor)

B.K. Simon (technical advisor)

Desktop Publishing

A.E. Sinclair

Austrobaileya

Vol. 1, No. 1 was published on 1 December 1977

Vol. 6, No. 1 was published on 11 December 2001

Vol. 6, No. 2 was published on 30 September 2002

Austrobaileya is published once per year.

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be addressed to: The Editor, Austrobaileya, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha, Mt. Coot-tha Road, Toowong Qld 4066,

Australia.

ISSN0155-4131

Austrobaileya is the journal of the Queensland Herbarium and is devoted to publication of

results of sound research and of informed discussion on plant systematics, with special empha¬

sis on Queensland plants.

Opinions expressed by authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the policies or

views of the Queensland Herbarium.

Contents

A conspectus of Acacia subg. Acacia in Australia

Les Pedley. Ill

Studies in Euphorbiaceae A.LJuss. sens. lat. 3. A revision of Bertya Planch.

(Ricinocarpeae Miill.Arg., Bertyinae Mull.Arg.)

David A. Halford and Rodney J.F. Henderson. 187

New prostrate species in Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter

(Solanaceae) from eastern Australia

A.R. Bean.247

Four new species of Goodenia Smith (Goodeniaceae) from Queensland

A.E.Holland & T.P.Boyle.253

Cupaniopsis cooperorum (Sapindaceae), a new species from the Wet Tropics,

Queensland

Paul I. Forster.267

Studies in Euphorbiaceae A.F. Juss. sens. lat. 4.

A revision of Monotaxis Brongn. (Acalyphoideae Ascherson, Ampereae

Mull.Arg.)

David A. Halford and Rodney J. F. Henderson.273

A review of Crotalaria F. (Fabaceae: Crotalarieae) in Australia

A.E.Holland.293

Oldenlandia intonsa (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Northern Territory

David A. Halford.325

Phyllanthera takeuchiana (Apocynaceae: Periplocoideae), a new species from

Papua New Guinea

Paul I. Forster.329

Anew species of Eupomatia R.Br. (Eupomatiaceae) from Queensland

F.W. Jessup.333

Indagator fordii, a new genus and species of the Sterculiaceae from northern

Queensland, Australia

David A. Halford.337

Rediscovery of Glossocardia orthochaeta (F. Muell.) Veldk. (Asteraceae) from

north-east Queensland

A. B. Pollock.341

Note

Two new combinations in Corymbia K.D.Hill & F.A.S.Johnson (Myrtaceae)

A.R. Bean.345

Addition .347

Index

A conspectus of Acacia subg. Acacia in Australia

Les Pedley

Summary

Pedley, L. (2002). A conspecutus of Acacia subg. Acacia in Australia. Austrobaileya 6 (2): 177-186.

Acacia subg. Acacia is represented in Australia by 11 species. Akey to species, notes on the geographical

ranges and habitats of each and references to published descriptions are given. A. clarksoniana and

A. douglasica are described as new. The lectotypification of A. pallida F. Muell. and the application of the

name A. pallidifolia Tindale are discussed at some length and, as an adjunct, A. valida Tindale & Kodela is

treated as a synonym of A. pallidifolia and A. turbata is described for A. pallidifolia auct. non Tindale

(A pallida v ar. major Benth.).

Key words: Acacia subg. Acacia, Acacia pallidifolia, Acacia clarksoniana, Acacia douglasica, Acacia

turbata.

Les Pedley, c/- Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens,

Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

Acacia subg. Acacia is represented in Australia

by eleven species, two of them naturalised.

Except for A. bidwillii which extends into

subtropical Queensland, the endemic species

are confined to the seasonally dry tropics. The

species have been adequately collected only in

the last 50 years and considerable confusion

still exists in their taxonomy and nomenclature.

The Australian species are part of the

autochthonous Australian flora. The adjacent

Malesian region has only two endemic species

of Acacia subg. Acacia, both of which extend

to the Asian mainland and neither of which

occurs in Australia (Neilsen 1992).

Much evidence has accumulated (Pedley

1986, Brain 1990, Chappill & Maslin 1995)

indicating that Acacia subg. Acacia is

genetically distinct from the other recognised

subgenera: Acacia subg. Phyllodineae (DC.)

Seringe (genus Racosperma Martius) and

Acacia subg. Aculeiferum Vassal (genus

Senegalia Raf.).

Species of the subgenus are, on the whole,

distinctive but, as in many other groups of

Acacia, identification from herbarium

specimens may present difficulties. These

difficulties are usually caused by inadequate

material or specimens taken from depauperate,

young or particularly vigorous plants. The key

to species makes use mainly of attributes of

the indumentum of branchlets and of

dimensions and number of parts of leaves, with

occasional use of floral characters. Pods of

A. farnesiana and A. nilotica are particularly

distinctive but, except for these two, attributes

of pods and seeds are not used in the key.

The serious pest status of A. nilotica

subsp. indica in northern Australia and its

being the target of biological control measures

(Mackey 1998) have prompted this review.

Basic information on related taxa is essential

for the successful implementation of control

programs.

Key to species of Acacia

1. Flowers in spikes; axis of leaves 12-14 cm long; (10—)15—17 pairs of pinnae

per leaf; leaflets 3-5 mm long, c. 0.7-1.2 mm wide.1. A. sutherlandii

Flowers in heads; axis of leaves up to 25(-30) cm long; (l-)2-55 pairs of

pinnae per leaf; leaflets 1.5-15 mm long, 0.5-2 mm wide.2

Accepted for publication 30 April 2002

178

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 177-186 (2002)

2. Leaves often borne on short shoots; petiole to 1 cm long; 1 or 2 pairs of

pinnae per leaf, their axes 1-2.5 cm long; leaflets 1.5-5 mm long,

0.5-1.2 mm wide; heads of fewer than 10 flowers; seeds woolly,

glabrescent.2. A. suberosa

Leaves not on short shoots; petiole often more than 1 cm long; pinnae

usually more than 2 pairs per leaf; heads of more than 15 flowers; seeds glabrous.3

3. Pinnae 22-55 per leaf; leaflets 0.8-1.5 mm long, 0.4-0.7 mm wide.3. A. ditricha

Pinnae often fewer, but if 22-55 per leaf then leaflets 1.5-5 mm long,

0.7-1.2 mm wide.4

4. Pinnae (l-)2-4 pairs per leaf; leaflets 4-7.5(-9) mm long, 1-2 mm wide;

branchlets reddish with conspicuous lenticels; involucel at top of peduncle,

hidden by open flowers; pod round in cross-section, 1 cm or more diam. 4. A. farnesiana

Pinnae rarely fewer than 4 pairs; branchlets pubescent or, if glabrous,

then not with conspicuous lenticels, or leaflets wider; pods flat.5

5. Axes of pinnae 4-15(-20) cm long; leaflets large, 4-20 mm long,

1.5-6 mm wide.6

Axes of pinnae 1.5-4 cm long; leaflets smaller, (1-) 1.5-6 mm long,

0.5-1.5 mm wide.7

6. Leaflets 1-12 pairs per pinna, each 4-20 mm long, 1.5-6 mm wide;

gland minute, inconspicuous, between lowest pair of pinnae; corolla

3-4.5 mm long; branches pendulous.5. A. pachyphloia

Leaflets 13-34 pairs per pinna, each 5-14 mm long, 1.5-4 mm wide;

usually a prominent scutellate gland between or immediately below

lowest pair of pinnae of some leaves; corolla to 3.5 mm long; branches

not pendulous.6. A. turbata

7. Ultimate branchlets reddish, glabrous or with long spreading hairs; thin,

discoid or elongated gland between or immediately below lowest pair of pinnae.8

Ultimate branchlets not particularly reddish, pubescent with short erect

hairs somet im es overtopped by long spreading ones; gland, in some

species, large and conspicuous.9

8. Leaflets 16-20(-25) pairs per pinna; flowers large, corolla 3.4-3.8 mm long 7. A. bidwillii

Leaflets 20-35 pairs per pinna; flowers smaller, corolla 3-3.2 mm long ... 8. A. douglasica

9. Branchlets with indumentum of uniformly short hairs; axis of leaves 3-6

cm long; up to 10 pairs of pinnae per leaf; petiolar gland absent or

inconspicuous; pods densely tomentose, flat, strongly constricted

between the seeds forming + orbicular segments.9. A. nilotica subsp. indica

Branchlets with indumentum of long and short hairs; axis of leaves

(3.5-)6-25(-30) cm long; (6-) 10-45 pairs of pinnae per leaf; pods ± flat,

parallel-sided.10

10. Axis of leaves 6.5-25(-30) cm long; (6-) 10-45 pairs of pinnae per leaf;

leaflets (1.5-) 1.8—5(—6) mm long, (0.5-)0.7-1.2 mm wide; large

conspicuous gland between or immediately below lowest pair of pinnae,

(1.3-)1.8-4.5 mm long, 1.4-2.2 mm wide, usually a second gland

between most distal pair of pinnae.10. A. pallidifolia

Axis of leaves 6-8 cm long; 12-16 pairs of pinnae per leaf; leaflets

1.8-2.5 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide; a single gland between or

immediately below lowest pair of pinnae, smaller, 1-1.5 mm long,

0.3-0.5 mm wide.

11. A. clarksoniana

Pedley, A conspectus of Acacia subg. Acacia in Australia

1. Acacia sutherlandii (F. Muell.) F. Muell.;

Icon. Australian Sp. Acacia, dec. 12

(1888); Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 307

(1980); Kodela & Tindale, FI. Australia

11 A: 196 (2001). Albizzia sutherlandii

F. Muell., Fragm. 6: 22 (1867). Type:

Flinders River, J. Sutherland 114 (holo:

MEL).

A graceful tree with pendulous branchlets

which occurs on heavy soils usually in groves

in Mitchell-grass ( Astrebla spp.) grassland

from the Barkly Tableland, Northern Territory

to the Aramac-Muttaburra area of Queensland.

Everist (1986) stated that it is eaten fairly

readily by sheep and cattle, though it contains

high levels of cyanogenetic glycosides (Conn

& Maslin 1982).

2. Acacia suberosa A. Cunn. ex Benth., Hook.

London J. Bot 1: 499 (1842), FI. Austral.

2: 420 (1864); Wheeler, FI. Kimberley

Reg. 327 t. 97D (1992); Kodela &

Tindale, FI. Australia 11A: 203

(2001).Type: Careening Bay,3rd Voyage

of Mermaid, Sept. 1820 , A.Cunningham

300 (lecto ,fide Kodela, FI. Australia 11 A:

642 (2001): K).

Confined to the Kimberley region of Western

Australia and the north of the Northern

Territory in a variety of habitats (see Wheeler,

loc. cit .) but often reported from cracking clay

soils. The species is probably without any close

relatives as it has an unusual combination of

attributes, including woolly seeds.

3. Acacia ditricha Pedley, Austrobaileya 1:

307 (1980); Wheeler, FI. Kimberley

Reg.: 301 t. 98B (1992); Kodela, FI.

Australia 11 A: 203 (2001). Type:

Kowanyama Aboriginal Reserve,

Mitchell River, Dec. 1977, B. Alpher

(holo: BRI).

Tree to 6 m tall with grey-brown corky bark;

branchlets densely tomentose with spreading

hairs c. 0.5 mm long and shorter (0.2 mm )

ones, indumentum extending to base of

stipules, petioles and rachises of leaves; pale

lenticels evident on older branchlets; stipules

spinose, 1-4 mm long on ultimate branchlets,

brown. Leaves: axis 5.5-13.5 cm long,

including petiole 4-7 mm long, a dark discoid

179

or ellipsoidal gland 0.5-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm

wide, immediately below lowest pair of pinnae,

rarely a second smaller gland between the next

pair of pinnae; pinnae 22-50 pairs per leaf,

rachis 13-20 mm long, each with 24-30 pairs

of leaflets each 0.8-1.5 mm long, 0.4-0.7 mm

wide, thick, only the midrib visible beneath, a

few short spreading hairs near margins. Heads

of 20-25 flowers on single axillary peduncles

c. 4 cm long with a small involucel about the

middle. Llowers 5-merous; calyx c. 1 mm long,

shortly lobed, pubescent in the upper part;

corolla 2.5-3 mm long; stamens 5-6 mm long,

anther with a minute stipitate gland at the apex;

ovary pubescent. Pods flat, oblong, 5-10 cm

long, 1-1.8 cm wide, valves thinly coriacious,

tomentose, occasionally glabrescent, slightly

constricted between seeds. Seeds arranged

longitudinally, discoid to obloid, 8-12 x 8-10

mm, funicle folded once over seed but not

arillate, pleurogram closed or slightly open,

areole large, slightly paler than the rest of the

seed and depressed.

Much more common and widespread

than suggested in the protologue. It has a

disjunct distribution: Cape York Peninsula,

Queensland, the eastern part of the north of

the Northern Territory, and the Kimberley

region of Western Australia. It is distinguished

from other Australian species by its small

leaflets, and large number of pinnae per leaf.

Tindale & Kodela (1996), when

describing A. valida ( =A. pallidifolia ),

compared it with A. ditricha but they seemed

to have taken a wide view of the latter,

including in it A. douglasica. In view of this

confusion with A. douglasica, a description of

A. ditricha, based on considerably more

specimens than were available when the species

was first described, is provided.

4. Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., Sp. PL, ed.

4. 4:1083 (1806); Benth., LI. Austral.

2:419 (1864); Ross, Bothalia 11: 471

(1975); Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 308

(1980); Maslin in Jessop (ed.); LI. Central

Australia: 142 (1981); McVaugh, LI.

Nova Galiciana 5:127 (1987). Clarke et

al., Syst. Bot. 14: 559 (1989); Morrison

& Davies in Harden, LI. New South

Wales 2: 392 (1981); Tame, Acacias

Southeast Australia: 29 t. 1 (photograph

180

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 177-186 (2002)

& line drawing) (1992); Nielsen, FI.

Malesiana 11(1): 44 (1992); Symon (ed.2

of Whibley), Acacias Sth Austral.: 2921.

155 (1992); Wheeler, FI. Kimberley

Reg.: 302 t. 98B (1992); Kodela &

Tindale, FI. Australia 11A: 205 (2001).

Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Am.,

Prod. FI. Penin. Ind. Orient.: 272 (1834).

Farnesia odora Gasp., Desc. Nuov. Gen.

(1836). Popanax farnesiana (L.) Raf.,

Sylva Tellur. 118 (1838). Mimosa

farnesianaL., Sp. PL: 521 (1753). Type:

Plate in Aldinus, Descr. Rar. PL Rom.

Farnesiano 4 (1625) (lecto, fide Ross

1975).

Acacia pedunculata Willd. ed. 4. Sp. Pl. 4:

1084 (1806). Type: ‘Habitat in Java’,

T. Horsfield (holo: B-W, microfiche

seen).

Acacia lenticellata F. Muell., J. Proc. Linn.

Soc. Bot. 3: 147 (1859). Type: Albert

River [Qld], 30 Aug. 1856, F. Mueller

(lecto, fide Ross, FI. Australia 11 A: 642

(2001): MEL, n. v.)

Native to probably the northern part of the

American tropics, introduced into Australia

possibly before European settlement, now

naturalised in all mainland states except

Victoria. It occurs in a variety of habitats but

is most common on clay soils, often alluvial in

origin. It is regarded as a useful fodder in semi-

arid regions but sheds its leaves in dry periods.

Clarke et al. examined material of

A. farnesiana from southern United States,

Mexico and the Caribbean and discussed

variation within the species. They formally

recognised one variant as A. farnesiana var.

guanacastensis, though they also suggested

that further study of South American and

Caribbean material was desirable. All

specimens that I have seen from the Old World

are referrable to A. farnesiana var. farnesiana.

Willdenow stated that A. pedunculata differed

from A. farnesiana in having long peduncles,

but after examining microfiche of the type, I

agree with Clarke et al. that the two are

conspecific.

5. Acacia pachyphloia W. V.Fitzg. in Maiden,

J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales

51: 116 (1917); Wheeler, FI. Kimberley

Reg.:317 (1992); Dunlop et al ., FI.

Darwin Reg. 2: 17 t. 7 (1995); Tindale

& Kodela, Austral. Syst. Bot. 9: 311

(1996); Kodela, FI. Australia 11 A: 198

(2001). Type: Western Australia: hills

near Camp 92 in proximity to the Synot

Range, July 1905, W.V. Fitzgerald 1267

(lecto, fide Tindale & Kodela: NSW, n.v.;

iso: PERTH, n.v.).

Tindale & Kodela (1996) distinguished two

subspecies, A. pachyphloia subsp. brevipinnula

from the Kimberley region of Western Australia

and A. pachyphloia subsp. pachyphloia from

the Kimberley region and the northern part of

the Northern Territory. The species usually

occurs in eucalypt woodland communities on

variety of soils. Differences between it and

A. turbata its most closely related species are

noted under A. pallidifolia.

6. Acacia turbata Pedley sp. nov. affinis

A. pachyphloia W.Fitzg. subsp.

pachyphloia a qua foliis saepe glandula

petiolari grandi scutellata ornatis, foliolis

plerumque parvioribus, 6-14 mm longis,

1-4 mm latis, discoloris, marginibus

recurvatis, 15-25 paribus in quoque

pinna, ramulis non cernuis differt.

Typus: Northern Territory. E of Mary

River, ± 13°05’S 131°55’E, 29 Sept.

1946, S.T.Blake 17095 (holo: BRI, two

sheets).

Acacia pallida auct. non F.Muell. nee

Willd; Benth., FI. Austral. 2:421 (1864).

Acacia pallidifolia auct. non Tindale;

Tindale, Telopea 1: 82 (1975); Dunlop

et al., FI. Darwin Reg. 2: 17 (1995);

Kodela, FI. Australia 11A: 199 (2001).

Acacia turbata is most closely related to

A. pachyphloia but differs in having a large

scutellate petiolar gland on some leaves,

usually smaller discolorous leaflets with

recurved margins, fewer pinnae and more

leaflets. The branches are not pendulous. It

occurs in the Fitzmaurice River area and

sporadically across the extreme north of the

Northern Territory usually in eucalypt and

mixed woodland on the edges and floors of

shallow valleys.

Pedley, A conspectus of Acacia subg. Acacia in Australia

Though Tindale proposed A. pallidifolia

as a nomen novum for A. pallida F.Muell, the

name should be applied to the species that was

described later as A. valida Tindale & Kodela.

The complex situation is discussed under

A. pallidifolia. The specific epithet is Latin,

meaning ‘disturbed’ or ‘disordered’, an

allusion to the tangled nomenclature of it and

A. pallidifolia.

7. Acacia bidwillii Benth., Linnaea 26: 629

(1855), FI. Austral. 2: 420 (1864); Pedley,

Austrobaileya 2: 310 (1980); Kodela, FI.

Ausralia 11 A: 204 (2001). Type: Wide

Bay, Bidwill (holo: K).

Acacia leptoclada var. (?) polyphylla

Benth., FI. Austral. 2: 416 (1864).

Type: East Coast, R. Brown ‘4331’

(holo:K).

Acacia bidwillii var. polytricha Domin,

Biblioth. Bot. 89: 273 (1926). Type: in

xeridrymio apud opp. Mungana, Feb.

1910, K. Domin ‘5148’ (holo: PR, herb,

no. 527948).

The species ranges, in coastal and subcoastal

districts of Queensland, from about the latitude

of Cooktown to the vicinity of Gayndah, with

a marked disjunction to the Mt Isa-Cloncurry

region, usually as a scattered understory tree

in eucalypt communities. Since it is extremely

variable in habit, size of petiolar gland and

leaflets, spacing of pinnae along the rachis, and

density of indumentum, further study is needed

to clarify its taxonomy. Some plants from

coastal areas between Townsville and

Gladstone approach A. ditricha in having

leaves with many pinnae and small leaflets,

but they lack the indumentum characteristic

of that species.

Though treated here as a synonym, the

status of A. bidwillii var. polytricha is still

uncertain. Specimens from the Chillagoe-

Mungana area (its type locality) and from near

Einasleigh, some 200 km to the south, are

particularly hairy, but, since most specimens

of the species have at least scattered hairs, this

may be of little taxonomic significance. The

holotype of A. leptoclada var. polyphylla

appears to represent a juvenile plant. It has

well developed stipular spines 6 mm long and

smaller leaflets than are usual in herbarium

181

specimens of the species. A. bidwillii var.

major Benth. is considered to be the same as

A. pallidifolia.

8. Acacia douglasica Pedley, sp. nov. affinis

A. bidwillii Benth. et A. clarksoniana

Pedley; ab ilia foliolis pluribus in quoque

pinna et floribus parvioribus, et ab hac

ramulis tantum pilis dispersis longis

obtectis et glandule parviore discoidea

inter pinnae paria infima differt. Typus:

Northern Territory. 0.5 km W of Douglas

River, 13°47’ 131°23’, 23 Oct. 1974,

M. Parker 508 (holo: BRI; iso: DNA,&

(n.v.) CANB, NSW).

Acacia ‘Douglas R.’, Dunlop et al.. Flora

of Darwin Region 2: 20 t. 4 (1995).

Acacia ditricha auct. non Pedley; Tindale

& Kodela, Austral. Syst. Bot. 9: 311

(1996), pro parte.

Tree to 5 m tall; bark corky, grey-brown;

branchlets reddish, angular with scattered

straight hairs 0.3 mm long, reddish glandular

trichomes on growing tips; stipules on

flowering stems, sparse, straight, c. 0.75 mm

long. Leaves: axis 40-75 mm long (including

petiole 5-8 mm), scattered to moderately dense

hairs on broadly sulcate surface, disc-like gland

between lowest pair of pinnae; pinnae in 11-

22 opposite or subopposite pairs, axis 15-30

mm long, a few hairs; pinnae with 20-35 pairs

of oblong leaflets, each 1.6-2.2 mm long, 0.5-

0.7 mm wide, thick, veins obscure, glabrous

or with a few marginal hairs. Heads of 15-30

flowers on peduncles usually single in upper

axils; peduncles c. 40 mm long with scattered

long hairs; involucel in upper half; receptacle

with stiff hyaline hairs; bracteoles narrowly

spathulate, c. 1.5 mm long, subglabrous.

Flowers 5-merous; calyx c. 1.6 mm long, lobes

0.3 mm long with a few long hairs on tips;

corolla c. 3.2 mm long, lobes c. 0.7 mm long

with long hairs and minute bladder-like

trichomes on margins; stamens c. 7 mm long,

some anthers with stipitate globular

appendages; ovary pubescent. Pods c. 6.5 cm

long and 1.5 cm wide, described as ‘creamy-

coloured’, somewhat pubescent but becoming

black and glabrous with age; seeds

longitudinal, obloid, c. 10 mm long and c. 9

mm wide; pleurogram prominent, open; areole

large, depressed. Fig 1C,D.

182

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 177-186 (2002)

Fig. 1. A&B: Acacia clarksoniania. A. leaf x 1; B. petiole with indumentum and nectary x 3. C&D: A. douglasica. C.

leaf x 1; D. petiole with indumentum and nectary x 3. A&B: Clarkson 3585 (BRI). C: Rankin 1232 (BRI). D: Tindale 6098

(BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Known only from

the Douglas-Daly Rivers area where it occurs

on cracking clay soils (fide Dunlop et al.).

Affinities: Its closest relative is A. bidwillii

with A. clarksoniana more distant. It has more

leaflets per pinna and the leaflets are smaller

than those of A. bidwillii. It lacks the rather

dense indumentum of A. clarksoniana and has

smaller flowers. Tindale & Kodela compared

A. valida (= A. pallidifolia ) to A. ditricha but

from a specimen seen ( Tindale 6098, BRI), it

seems that they included A. douglasica in their

circumscription of A. ditricha.

Etymology: The specific epithet consists of

the name of the river, Douglas, with the Latin

adjectival suffix- ica.

9. Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del., FI.

Aegypt. Ill.:79 (1813); A.F. Hill, Bot.

Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 8: 97 (1940);

Brenan, FI. Trop. East Africa: Legum.

Mimosoid.: 89 (1959); Ross, Mem. Bot.

Surv. Sth Africa 44: 106 (1979). Type:

Egypt, Herb. Linn 1228.28 (lecto, fide

Ross: LINN, n.v.).

One subspecies occurs in Australia.

Acacia nilotica subsp. indica (Benth.)

Brenan, Kew Bull: 84 (1957); Ross,

Mem. Bot. Surv. Sth Africa 44: 107 t.

85e (pod); Pedley, Austrobaileya 2: 309

(1980); Kostermans, Rev. Handb. FI.

Ceylon 1: 488 (1980); Symon (ed. 2 of

Whibley), Acacias Sth Austral.: 29 t.

Pedley, A conspectus of Acacia subg. Acacia in Australia

116 (1992); Kodela, FI. Australia 11A:

204 (2001). Syntypes: “East India”,

Roxburgh (K); Oungein, sine coll..

Herb. Benth. (K).

Native of southern Asia, introduced into

Queensland probably as a shade tree

particularly in holding yards around abattoirs,

and as a fodder. Trees persist around

homesteads and watering-points but in recent

years the plant has become a serious weed in

grassland on heavy soils in central-western

Queensland. It extends to the Barkly Tableland

of the Northern Territory and occurs also at

‘Cordillo Downs’ in the extreme north-east of

South Australia.

10. Acacia pallidifolia Tindale, Telopea 1: 82

(1975).

A. pallida F. Muell, J. & Proc. Linn. Soc.,

Bot. 3: 147 (1859), nom. illeg. non

Humb. & Bonpland ex Willd. (1806).

Acacia bidwillii var. (?) major Benth.,

FI. Austral. 2: 421 (1864). Type:

Victoria River, Mueller 76 (holo: K; iso:

MEL, fide Tindale & Kodela, n.v.).

Acacia sp. H Wheeler, FI. Kimberley Reg.:

336 t. 98E (1992).

Acacia valida Tindale & Kodela, Austral.

Syst. Bot. 9: 307 (1996); Kodela &

Tindale, FI. Australia 11 A: 201 (2001).

Type: Northern Territory: Mathison

Creek, c. 91.5 km W of Katherine on

the Victoria Highway, 2 Aug. 1979,

M.D. Tindale 10101 etal. (holo: NSW,

n.v.; iso: BRI, K, others n.v.), syn. nov.

Confined to the north of the Northern Territory

and the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

Tindale & Kodela (1996) have given a detailed

description (as A. valida ) and notes on

distribution and habitat of the species.

The correct application of the name

A. pallidifolia presents some difficulties.

Bentham’s role in the publication of

descriptions of species of Acacia by Mueller

(1859b) is important in deciding the

application of the name A. pallida F.Muell.

and, consequently, of A. pallidifolia. The paper

is a quirky one, difficult to deal with under

183

the International Code of Botanical

Nomenclature. As a foreword to it, Bentham

wrote (pro parte): “In so far as the specimens

have admitted it, I have, at Dr Mueller’s

request, carefully compared his species with

those nearly allied to them, and added any

remarks which suggested themselves at the end

of his descriptions. In the few cases where I

clearly identified them with others previously

described, I have given the published names

adding his manuscript ones for the purpose of

reference, and retaining his characters as

completing our previous knowledge of the

plants.” Bentham had an unmatched

knowledge of Australian acacias; as well as

earlier collections of Mueller, he had access to

those of Banks and Solander, Brown, and

Cunningham. It is not surprising therefore that

he was more critical than was Allan Black who

edited Mueller’s companion paper on eucalypts

(Mueller 1859a). Black altered the names of

only two of the 38 species of eucalypt treated,

both on sound nomenclatural grounds, whereas

names of 12 of the 115 species of Acacia were

changed. Bentham considered 11 of the species

described as new by Mueller to be the same as

already described species, and two identified

as A. delibrata var. ? and A. julifera to be

undescribed species which he named

A. oligoneura and A. torulosa respectively.

Bentham suggested that another nine names

might be synonymous with published names,

but he allowed Mueller’s names to stand.

Because they were treated as synonyms by

Bentham, Mueller’s names have been regarded

as invalid. All, except A. calligera,

A. reclinata and A. pterocarpa (the last a later

homonym) have since been validated.

Mueller cited specimens for the great

majority of species. Some of the specimens

are assigned numbers, which were treated as

Mueller’s herbarium numbers by Bentham

(either, for example, as Hb. M. No. 71 for

A. stipulosa or, more commonly merely as No.

5, No. 40, etc.). The numbers run from 1 to

100, but some 30 are missing, not assigned to

taxa; the biggest gap is from 43 to 79. The

same number is sometimes used for up to three

different species. All of Mueller’s numbers

were not cited in the text, as the specimens

numbered 71 and 90 are mentioned only in

Bentham’s discussion under A. oligoneura and

184

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 177-186 (2002)

no. 75 in his discussion under A. pallida. The

sequence of the numbers does not appear to be

correlated with the geographic distribution or

the taxonomic relationship of the species. No

specimens were sent for six of the species (fide

Bentham), one of which (A. plagiophylla) had

been given a herbarium number, while pods of

two species were described by Mueller though

fruiting specimens had not been sent.

Bentham clearly did more than

communicate Mueller’s paper and provide

notes on new species, as was stated after the

title. Bentham’s remarks are, however, placed

in parentheses, are clearly separated from

Mueller’s text, and may best be considered as

being published as ‘Bentham in Mueller’, as

was done by Tindale & Kodela when they

described A. valida. There might be a suspicion

that some of Mueller’s numbers were omitted

from the text, but the published material is all

that should be considered in typification.

Bentham’s notes are therefore not part

of the protologue of A. pallida F.Muell. and

cannot have any bearing on the application of

the name. The only specimen cited in the

protologue is Mueller 76 which was from the

Victoria River and had pods (fide Bentham’s

notes). The specimen is in the Herbarium at

Kew. According to Article 9.1 of the current

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

this must be the holotype of the name A. pallida

as it is the only specimen designated (though

evidently not the only one used) by the author

in drawing up his description.

Lectotypification, as set out in Article 9.9, is

not possible as there are no syntypes and the

specimen designated (no. 76) does not belong

to more than one taxon. It is irrelevant that

Bentham considered ‘a flowering specimen of

Dr Mueller’s marked 75 from McAdam’s

Range...answered better to his character [of

the leaves] and the stipular spines of the

Gummiferae’ , and that there is a flowering

specimen marked ‘76, 75’ at MEL which is

evidently a duplicate of Mueller 76 at

K. Tindale’s lectotypification was therefore

unnecessary and is rejected. The name

A. pallidifolia must therefore be applied to the

species later described as A. valida while the

taxon represented by the specimen Mueller 75

(and presumably of Mueller 75,76, Tindale’s

‘lectotype’ of A. pallida ) is still without a

legitimate name at the rank of species. It is

treated here as A. turbata.

Blake (1953) pointed out that Mueller

sometimes retained only fragments of his

specimens and sometimes sent everything to

Kew. Mueller (1857) wrote ‘Let me however,

Sir William [Hooker], state that you receive

always the whole of the specimens of every rare

kind, nothing of many species having been

retained at all, or that I satisfied myself with a

solitary leaf and flower, or fruit, in many cases.’

The specimen Mueller 76 can then be

reasonably treated as the holotype of A. pallida

F.Muell. Perhaps Mueller retained what he

considered a representative piece of the species

which he labelled ‘76,75’, or perhaps a piece

was returned from Kew so labelled.

Among the species described by Mueller

(1859), A. pallida is unusual in that it is one

of only two for which Bentham mentioned in

his notes a specimen not cited by Mueller. It

might be argued that Bentham was co-author

of the name A. pallida. If this argument were

accepted then lectotypification of the name

would be necessary. Tindale’s treatment would

result in A. pallidifolia being the correct name

for A. turbata as recognised here and A. valida

for the species treated here as A. pallidifolia.

Such an argument however is untenable.

Bentham,in separating his comments from

Mueller’s text, made it clear that he considered

Mueller to be the author of the paper. It would

be contrary to the spirit of Bentham’s

commentary to regard him as co-author.

11. Acacia clarksoniana Pedley, sp. nov.

affinis A. pallidifolia Tindale a qua foliis

glande petiolari parviore, rhachide

plerumque breviore, glande inter pinnas

apicales nulla, pinnis saepe paucioribus,

foliolis paucioribus angustioribusque

praeditis differt. Typus: Queensland.

cook district: 3.9 km from ‘New Dixie’

homestead, 15°05’S 143°20’E, 15 Oct.

1980, J.R.Clarkson 3585 (holo: BRI; iso,

K & (n.v.) ILL, MEL, MO, NSW,

PERTH, PR, QRS).

Tree facultatively deciduous, to 5 m tall with

pale brown tessellated bark; branchlets terete,

hirsute with erect hyaline hairs c. 0.1 mm long

Pedley, A conspectus of Acacia subg. Acacia in Australia

185

and scattered longer ones to 0.7 mm long, red-

glandular trichomes conspicuous on

developing leaves; stipules on flowering

branches straight, rather innocuous, 1.5-2 mm

long. Leaves: axis 6-8 cm long (including

petiole c. 1 cm long), hairs similar to those of

branchlets, a sessile gland 1-1.5 mm long, 0.3-

0.5 mm wide, c. 0.3 mm thick immediately

below lowest pair of pinnae; pinnae 12-16 pairs

per leaf, somewhat alternate, each 1.5-2 cm

long; leaflets oblong, in 15-26 pairs on each

pinna, 1.8-2.5 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide,

long hairs on margins, midrib prominent on

lower surface. Peduncles 1.5-4 cm long with

indumentum similar to that of branchlets,

involucel at about the middle; heads of c. 30

flowers, receptacle with long hairs and red-

glandular trichomes, bracteoles linear c.lmm

long. Flowers 5-merous; calyx 1.2-1.6 mm

long, lobes 0.2-0.3 mm long with long hyaline

hairs on margins; corolla 2.7-3 mm long, lobes

0.3-0.5 mm long with long hyaline hairs;

stamens 4-5 mm long, anthers with a globular

appendage c. 0.1 mm diam., ovary glabrous.

Pods not seen. Fig. 1 A, B.

Distribution and habitat : Restricted to the

south-central part of Cape York Peninsula

where it occurs in low hilly country in rather

open vegetation. Its geographic range abuts

that of A. ditricha which occurs in country of

lower relief.

Affinities: The species affinities are with

A. pallidifolia which has a large petiolar gland,

a second smaller gland between the most distal

pair of pinnae, usually longer pinnae with

more, usually, larger leaflets.

Etymology: The species is named in honour

of Mr John R. Clarkson who has made many

valuable plant collections in tropical

Queensland.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Mr C.R. Dunlop (DNA) for

providing collection data for Acacia farnesiana

in the Northern Territory, and to the Director,

and members of the Legume Section, Royal

Botanic Gardens, Kew for allowing me to work

at the herbarium (K) for an extended period.

References

Blake, S.T. (1953). Botanical contributions of the North

Australia Regional Survey. I. Studies on northern

Australian species of Eucalyptus. Australian

Journal of Botany 1:185-352

Brain, R (1990). Immunology and phylogeny II: further

studies on Acacia. South African Journal of

Science 86: 195-199.

Chappill, J.A. & Maslin, B.R. (1995). A phylogenetic

assessment of the tribe Acacieae. In Crisp, M. &

Doyle, JJ. (eds). Advances in legume Systematics.

Phylogeny 7: 77-99.

Conn, E.E. & Maslin, B.R. (1982). A preliminary report on

cyanogenesis in Australian Acacia species.

International Group for the Study ofMimosoideae.

Bulletin 10: 26-31.

Everist, S.L. (1986). Use of Fodder trees and Shrubs

(revised ed.): 21. Queensland Department of

primary Industries Information Series QI85015.

Mackey, A.P. (1998). Acacia nilotica subsp. indica (Benth.)

Brenan. In Panetta, F. D., Groves, R.H. & Shepherd,

R.C.H. (ed.): The Biology of Australian Weeds 2:

1-18. Melbourne: R.G. & F.J. Richardson.

Mueller, F. (1857). Notes made during the recent expedition

across the northern portion of Australia, under the

command of Mr. Surveyor Gregory. Hooker’s

Journal of Botany and Kew Gardens Miscellany

9: 193-199.

-(1859a). Monograph of the Eucalypti of tropical

Australia. Journal & Proceedings of the Linnean

Society, Botany 3: 81-101.

-(1859b). Contributiones ad Acaciarum Australiae

cognitionem. Journal & Proceedings of the

Linnean Society, Botany 3: 114-148.

Neilsen, I.C. (1992). Acacia. Flora Malesiana Ser. 1. 11

(1): 34-64.

Pedley, L. (1986). Derivation and dispersal of Acacia

(Leguminosae), with particular reference to

Australia, and the recognition of Racospenna and

Senegalia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean

Society 92: 219-254.

Tindale, M.D. & Kodela, P.G. (1996). Acacia valida

(Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), a new species from

Western Australia and the Northern Territory, as well

as the typification and version of A. pachyphloia.

Australian Systematic Botany 9: 307-317.

186

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 177-186 (2002)

Appendix

Collections examined. Acacia bidwillii (bid), A.

clarksoniana (cla), A. ditricha (dit), A. douglasica (dou),

A. farnesiana (far), A. nilotica subsp. indica (nil) A.

pachyphloia subsp. brevipinnula (pac/bre), A. pachyphloia

subsp. pachyphloia (pac/pac), A. pallidifolia (pal), A.

suberosa (sub), A.sutherlandii (sut) and A. turbata (tur).

The collection number given is that of the principal collector.

In some cases (for example, Perry & Lazarides and Everist

& Smith) the collectors are considered to be jointly responsible

for the collection. Specimens marked with an asterisk (*)

are types of the names of the species.

Adams, L.G. 1026,1206 far. Anderson, E.R. 143,762A&

B bid; 843 nil; 882 bid; 2183, 3678 sut. Andrews, S.B. 37

bid. Basedow, H. 49 nil. Batianoff, GN. 232 far; 900403T,

LL9104018, LN9104051, 911040, 9207267, 9303114,

9403158, 9403325, 9805211 bid; 980544 far. Bean, A.R.

826 nil; 3374,5201,4158,9347 bid; 10478 far; 11208 bid;

14109 far. Beaumont, T.E. 7153 far. Blake S.T. 6268 far;

12602,13697 dit; 16443 pac/pac; 17095*, 17166 tur; 17221

pal; 17977 far; 18886 bid. Bolton M.P. 138, 793 far.

Boughton, V. 11,296,302 far. Boyland, D.E. 164,8081 far.

Brass, L.J. 279 sut; 2530,33510bid. Brenan, B.P.M. 15078

bid. Burbidge, N.T. 5520 sut. Bushell, J.J. 1039 sut. Byrnes,

N.B. 628 pal; 2228 sub; 3052, 3057 far; 3107 sut; 3659

bid. Carolin, R.C. 6326 far. Cassels, M.L. 14890 bid.

Chippendale, G. NT3641 far; NT3718 pal; NT3848 sut.

Clark, M.J. 509 dit; 1282 tur. Clarkson, J.R. 1052, 2715

bid, 3367, 3419, 3429 dit; 3584, 3585* cla; 3677 far; 5058

bid; 5461, 6021 far; 9515,9593 dit; 9600 bid. Cole, M.M.

3000 pal; 5102 far; 6000, 9109, 9127 sut. Cole, M.M. &

Provan, D. 20 tur; 362 dit. Correll, R.L. 34 far. Court, O.M.

55 far. Coveny, R. 6522, 6572 far; 6913 bid(?); 6884,

NSW107796, NSW107913,NSW107916far. Cowie,I.D.

352 tur; 7821 pal. Craven, L.A. 3160 nil. Curtis, H.S. 327

far. Dalliston, C. HC311 far; HC326 sut. De Lestang, A.

401 sut. Dockrill, A.W. 403 far. Dunlop, C.R. 4023 pal.

Durrington, L. 134 far. Ebersohn, J. E227 far. Evans, M.

3273,3443 pal. Everist, S.L. 206 bid; 3028,3842 sut; 4389,

6338, 7305 far. Fell, D.GDF2214 dit. Fensham, R. 2665

nil. Filson, R. 3362 far. Forbes, S. 2566 far. Forster, PI.

PIF1055 bid; PIF2049, PIF2158 far; PIF8502 bid; PIF13060

dit; PIF15859, PIF18305, PIF18531 bid; PIF18769,

PIF20638, PIF22197 far. Gasteen, W.G. 376 dit. Gibson,

N. 944 bid. Gittins, C.H. 584 bid; 1092, NSW101479 far.

Godwin M. C912, C1044, GJM1544bid. Grimshaw, P. PG

2217 bid. Hacker, J.B. BH586, JT1091 far. Hall, N. 79/

35, H84 sut. Halliday,T.A. 360bid. Henderson, RJ. HI366

bid; H2157 sut. Henry, N.M. 256 sut. Hill, R. & Lothian,

T.R.N. 978 far. Hind, P.D. 11 far; 1069,2473, NSW108066

sut. Hubbard, C.E. 7306 sut. Innis, G. 20 sut. Irvine, A.K.

84, 737 bid. Jackes, E.M 20 bid. Jacobs, S.W. 1135 bid;

1422, NSW107574 sut; NSW107580 bid; 1732 dit. Jobson,

PC. 1784 bid. Johnson, R.W. 2169 nil. Kanis,A. 1906 far.

Kenneally, K.F. 5288 pac/pac; 6770, 8553 pac/bre; 8560

pal; 10682 pac/pac. Knuckey, G. 14 far. Latz, P.K. 75 pac/

pac. Lazarides, M. 3104 sub; 3967 sut; 4874, 5159, 6515

sub; 6709 pal; 6793 pac/pac; 6959 bid; 7744 sub; 8670pal.

Lazarides, M. & Adams, L.G. 99 tur. Leach, G.J. 3265 pac/

pac; 3296 pal; 3405 pac/pac. McDonald, K.R. 334 bid;

CC47 sut. McDonald, M. 327 pac/pac. McDonald, T.J. 542

far; 1648 bid. McGillivray, W. 3820 pac/pac. McKee, H.S.

9360 bid. Maconochie, J.R. 237,1175 sub; 1214 dit; 1436

tur; 2655 sut; 2660 cla. Maloney, B. 21 far. Martensz P. 95

far. MaslinB.R. 2085 far. Michael, N. 603 bid. Monkhorst,

K. A. 1001 dit. Moriarty, V.K. 215 bid. Morrow, J.C. 27 far.

Neldner, Y.J. 623 far; 2000 bid; 3465 far; 3472 bid; 4085

dit. Niall, J. 128 bid. Nicholson, K. 5450 sut. Ollerenshaw,

P. PO1074far; P01292 sut. Olsen, T. 8/92 dit. O’Keefe, B.

7 sut. Parker, M. 508* dou. Parsons, D.J. 89 bid. Pedley,

L. 1849 dit; 1943 sut; 2110,4587 bid; 4846 dit; 4009,4869,

5015 bid; 5032 far; 5311, 5314, 5319 sut; 5368 nil; 5484

bid. Perry, R.A. 954,994,1370,1454 sut; 2056 pal; 2237,

2680 far. Perry R.A. & Lazarides, M. 2056 pal; 2237 far;

2647 dit; 2680 far; 2833 dit. Podberscek, M. 19 bid. Purdie,

R.W. 2276 far. Rankin, M.O. 1232 dou; 1282 pac/pac;

1358,1663 pal. Rodd, A.N. 4473 sut; 4474 bid. Ross,J.H.

3779 tur. Sands, M. 5124 far. Scarth-Johnson, Y. 68 far;

1140A bid. Searle, SDS645, SDS785 bid. Shelley, J.R. 19

far. Simmons, J.G. 1526,3376 bid. Slee, A. 2400 far; 2948

pac/pac; 3523 nil. Smith, E.J. 12 far. Smith, L.S. 3526 bid;

4294, 4602 far. Smyrell, G. GS82 sut. Speck, N.H. 1647

pal; 2008 far. Stanley, T.D. 633, 80276 far. Stanton, J.P.

296 bid, JPS2659 dit. Staples, I.B. IBS2124, IBS2219 bid.

Stokes, S.J. 16 pal. Story, R. 45 far. Swarbrick, J.T. 9857

bid. Swinboume, R. 701 dit. Taylor, P. 81 far. Thomson,

B. 253 nil. Thompson, E.J. 432 bid. Tindale, M.D. 6098

dou; 10101 pal; 10124 far. Tothill, J.C.N1344far. Trainor,

C. 40 far. Trapnell, W.G. 69 pal; 74, E83,159 bid; 163 sut.

Wannan, B.S. 1035 far. Warrian, C.M. CMW600 far.

Waterhouse, B.M. BMW1903 far; BMW5049 bid;

BMW5036, BMW5189 far. Waterhouse, J.T. 11013 far.

Webb, L.J. 3301 far; 5546, 8154 bid; 11077 far; 11078 sut;

11125 far. Weber, J.Z. 9358 far. White, C.T. 1362 bid; 7020

far; 10575 sut; 12616 far. Widt, M. RHF45 far. Williams,

K.A. 185 sut. Wilson, PL. pac/pac. Young, P. 421 bid.

Studies in Euphorbiaceae A.L.Juss. sens. lat. 3.

A revision of Bertya Planch.

(Ricinocarpeae Mull.Arg., Bertyinae Mull.Arg.)

David A. Halford and Rodney J.F. Henderson

Summary

Halford, D.A. & Henderson, R.J.F. (2002). Studies in Euphorbiaceae A.L.Juss., sens. lat. 3. A revision of

Bertya Planch. (Ricinocarpeae Mull.Arg., Bertyinae Mull.Arg.). Austrobaileya 6 (2) 187-245. The genus

Bertya Planch, is endemic in Australia. Twenty-eight species are recognized and a key is provided for their

identification. The following species are newly described: B. calycina Halford & RJ.F.Hend., B. ernestiana

Halford & R.J.F.Hend., 6. grampiana Halford & R.J.F.Hend., B. granitica Halford & RJ.F.Hend., B. lapicola

Halford & R.J.F.Hend., B. linearifolia Halford & R.J.F.Hend., B. recurvata Halford & R.J.F.Hend., and

B. riparia Halford & R.J.F.Hend. The new combination B. virgata (Ewart) Halford & R.J.F.Hend., based

on Beyeria virgata Ewart, is made. Three new subspecies are described: B. cunninghamii subsp. pubiramula

Halford & R.J.F.Hend., B. lapicola subsp. brevifolia Halford & R.J.F.Hend., and B. tasrnanica subsp. vestita

Halford & R.J.F.Hend. New species are illustrated, while all taxa are described and mapped, and notes on

their distribution, habitat and phenology are given. Lectotypes are chosen for B.findlayi F.Muell.,

B. polymorpha Baill., B. polymorpha forma mitchelliana Baill., B. polymorpha forma rosmarinifolia

Baill., B. polystigma Griming, B. pedicellata F.Muell., B. pinifolia Planch., B. pomaderroides F.Muell.,

B. rosmarinifolia Planch., Ricinocarpos mitchellii Sonder and Croton rosmarinifolius A.Cunn. An epitype

is chosen for B. poly stigma Griming. All known synonyms are listed here including phase names that were

used to identify taxa prior to their formal naming in this publication.

Key words: Euphorbiaceae, Bertya , Australian flora, taxonomy, nomenclature

David A. Halford & Rodney J.F. Henderson, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency,

Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

The genus Bertya Planch, is endemic in

Australia. It belongs to the family

Euphorbiaceae and has representatives in all

states but not the Northern Territory. The

majority of species occur in eastern Australia

(Map 1). Species are mostly perennial shrubs

or rarely small trees in mostly open shrubland,

woodland or open forest communities,

generally in rocky situations on well-drained

sandy soils.

Webster (1994) included Bertya in

subfamily Crotonoideae Pax, tribe

Ricinocarpeae Mull.Arg. and subtribe

Bertyinae Mull.Arg., together with three non

Australian genera namely Myricanthe Airy

Shaw and Cocconerion Baill. from New

Caledonia, and Borneodendron Airy Shaw

from Borneo. However, Bertya seems most

closely related to Ricinocarpos Desf. and

Beyeria Miq. from which it can be

Accepted for publication 14 May 2002

distinguished by the following combination of

features: flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate,

solitary, paired or in umbelliform clusters

terminal on rudimentary, short or variously

elongated branches (peduncles) in distal leaf

axils, and subtended by several bracts; male

flowers with perianth single-whorled and

lacking a corolla; female flowers with perianth

mostly single-whorled but rarely with a

rudimentary corolla; disc absent in both male

and female flowers; pollen grains with small

sexinous processes; styles 3-lobed with lobes

deeply divided.

In 1845, J.E. Planchon described the

genus Bertya and included five species

(B. pinifolia, B. rosmarinifolia, B. oleifolia,

B. gummifera and B. cunninghamii) within it

based on material collected by Alan

Cunningham and Charles Fraser from eastern

Australia in the early 1800’s (Planchon 1845).

The generic name commemorates the French

botanist and horticulturist Count Leonce de

Lambertye (1810-1877).

188

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Map 1. Distribution of Bertya taxa indicating the number of species in each 1° grid square in Australia.

In De Candolle’s Prodromus, J. Muller

(1866) enumerated ten species of Bertya which

he arranged into two informal groups based on

leaf shape and the degree of curvature of the

leaf margin. Those species with leaves of

various outlines but not narrowly linear, and

with margins revolute but not all the way to

midrib, formed one group which included

B. rotundifolia F.Muell., B. pomaderroides

F.Muell., B. oblongifolia Mtill.Arg. and

B. oleifolia Planch. Those with linear leaves

with margins closely revolute to the midrib

formed the second group which included

B. gummifera Planch., B. mitchellii (Sond.)

Miill.Arg. (name misapplied; see text),

B. rosmarinifolia Planch., B. tasmanica (Sond.

& F.Muell.) Mtill.Arg., B. cunninghamii

Planch, and B. pinifolia Planch. The species

B. pedicellata F.Muell. was overlooked by J.

Muller but it would have been placed in the

first group.

Seven years later, Bentham (1873)

accepted nine species as belonging in Bertya,

placing B. tasmanica and B. oblongifolia in

synonymy of B. rosmarinifolia and

B. pomaderroides respectively. He did not

recognize any subdivisions within the genus

and made no comment about J. Muller’s

informal groups.

The most recent account of Bertya as a

whole is that of Griming (1913). Griming

recognized nineteen species within this genus,

and grouped them into two sections namely

B. sect. Euryphylla and B. sect. Stenophylla

(= B. sect. Bertya ). These groups were based

on leaf shape and the degree of curvature of

the leaf margin. This division was essentially

the same as that given by J. Muller (1866).

Each of Griming’s sections was further divided

into two subsections (Table 1). His section

B. sect. Euryphylla was split, principally on

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

189

whether or not the flowers are pedicellate and

the phyllotaxy of the bracts, into B. subsect.

Pedunculatae, containing B. pomaderroides,

B. oblongifolia, B.findlayi and B. brownii, and

B. subsect. Sessiliflorae, containing

B. rotundifolia and B. oppositifolia

(= B. opponens ). B. sect. Stenophylla (= B.

sect. Bertya) was split on other differences of

leaf shape, and the degree of revolution of the

margins, into B. subsect. Recurvae, containing

B. oleifolia, B. polystigma Griming,

B. glandulosa and B. pedicellata, and

B. subsect. Acerosae (= B. subsect. Bertya ),

containing B. gummifera, B. pinifolia,

B. rosmarinifolia, B. mitchellii (name

misapplied; see text), B. cunninghamii,

B. dimerostigma, B. tasmanica, B andrewsii

(= Ricinocarpos stylosus ) and B. quadrisepala

(= Ricinocarpos muricatus).

The number of collections and

information relevant to the taxa concerned

which has become available since Griming’s

work have made it necessary for the current

study of the genus to be undertaken so that the

account of the genus for the Flora of Australia

project is an accurate reflection of the current

state of knowledge of it. This paper presents

the taxonomic conclusions of our revision of

Bertya in which we recognize 28 species of

Bertya of which eight are newly described. The

names B. andrewsii (= Ricinocarpos stylosus)

and B. quadrisepala (= Ricinocarpos

muricatus) are excluded from Bertya and the

misapplication of the name B. mitchellii is

corrected.

Although we have not critically

examined Graning’s sectional and subsectional

groupings within Bertya , it is our opinion that

they are somewhat artificial. Species whose

floral morphology suggests a recent shared

ancestry would be placed in different

subsections. For example, while B. lapicola

(this revision) and B. linearifolia (this

revision) fit clearly into his ‘ B . subsect.

Acerosae’ , the closely related species B.

pedicellata is included in B. subsect. Recurvae.

However, there are obvious groupings within

his ‘ B . subsect. Acerosae’ , such as

B. gummifera, B. pinifolia, B. recurvata (this

revision) and B. granitica (this revision), that

more than likely are representatives of a

monophyletic unit within Beryta. Such

inconsistencies have caused us to abandon the

recognition of sections and subsections for this

revision. More detailed investigations should

clarify the phylogenetic relationships between

the Bertya species we recognize. Further

studies into this genus are currently being

undertaken by Mr M. Fatimeh as part of his

PhD studies at the University of New England

in Armidale.

Table 1. Features of sections and subsections of Beryta as set out by Griming (1913).

Bertya sect. Bertya

(Bertya sect. Stenophylla Griming)

Bertya sect. Euryphylla Griming

Shrubs. Leaves narrow (linear or obovate-lanceolate),

with margin revolute or recurved.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves broad (oblong or elliptic or

orbicular), flat or concave.

Bertya subsect.

Recurvae Griming

Bertya subsect. Bertya

(Bertya subsect. Acerosae

Griming)

Bertya subsect.

Pedunculatae

GrUning

Bertya subsect. Sessiliflorae

Griming

Leaves sub-linear or

lanceolate, nearly flat,

with margin loosely

recurved.

Leaves narrow-linear, with

margin revolute all the way

to midrib.

Flowers pedunculate;

leaves shortly petiolate;

bracts never opposite.

Male flowers sessile; leaves

conspicuously petiolate;

bracts 4 or 6, decussate.

Materials and methods

This revision is based on an assessment of

morphological characters of about 1200 dried

herbarium collections, photographs of types

held at BM and CGE and collections and field

studies undertaken by the second author from

1988 to 1992 and the first author in 1999 and

2000. Collections from the following herbaria

were studied and annotated: AD, BRI, CANB,

DNA, HO, K, NSW, MEL, NE and PERTH.

The above herbarium acronyms and ones used

190

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

in the text to indicate herbaria holding

particular specimens follow Holmgren et al.

(1990). All specimens citied have been seen

unless otherwise indicated (as n.v.).

The species treated in the present paper

are listed alphabetically. Descriptions of colour

of vegetative and floral parts are either from

the herbarium labels or from photographs taken

by the second author during field studies.

Measurements listed are based upon the total

variation observed in the herbarium specimens

examined. Plant size, flowering and fruiting

times and habitat information were obtained

from herbarium labels. Common names are

given where known. All measurements were

made either on fresh or dried material, material

preserved in 70% ethanol or dried material

reconstituted by placing in boiling water for a

few minutes. The morphological data for this

revision were recorded using the DELTA

system (Dallwitz et al. 1993). The distribution

maps were produced with Maplnfo Version 3

and are based on herbarium specimen locality

data.

Taxonomy

Bertya Planchon, London J. Bot. 4:472, t. 16A

(1845). Type: Bertya rosmarinifolia

Planch., fide G.L. Webster, Ann. Missouri

Bot. Gard. 81: 110 (1994).

Derivation of name: Named after Count

Leonce de Lambertye, French botanist and

horticulturist, author of a catalogue of plants

of the Marne region of France published in

1847 (Baines 1981).

Monoecious or dioecious shrubs or rarely small

trees, often resinous; stems erect or ascending,

much branched; branches glabrous or stellate-

pubescent, leafy throughout. Leaves

exstipulate, sessile or shortly petiolate,

alternate rarely opposite, persistent or

caducous, glabrous or sparsely hairy and

smooth or scabrid adaxially, varyingly

pubescent abaxially, with margins entire,

recurved or flat and with basi-laminar glands

present or rarely absent. Flowers sessile or

pedicellate, solitary, paired or in umbelliform

clusters, terminal on rudimentary, short or

variously elongated branches (peduncles) in

distal leaf axils, subtended by several bracts;

perianth mostly single-whorled and lacking a

corolla or rarely 2-whorled in female flowers

with rudimentary corolla; calyx shortly fused

proximally, deeply 4 or 5(rarely 6)-lobed,

imbricate (quincuncial), somewhat petaloid;

disc absent. Male flowers with calyx lobes

usually entire; petals absent or if present then

rudimentary; stamens numerous, spreading +

perpendicularly from a central column formed

by fusion of bases of filaments; anthers of two

separate obloid, parallel but contiguous locules

terminal on the free apex of each filament,

dehiscing by longitudinal slits; vestiges of

styles absent. Female flowers with calyx

persistent; lobes sometimes enlarging in fruit,

entire or somewhat ciliate on margins; petals

absent or rudimentary; ovary 3(rarely 2, 4 or

5)-celled with one pendant ovule in each locule;

styles 3(rarely 4), shortly fused at base,

spreading to ascending throughout or rarely

recurved distally, 2 to several-lobed; lobes +

dorsi-ventrally flattened or terete but grooved

abaxially. Fruit capsular, usually 1-seeded by

abortion, separating septicidally into mostly

three 2-valved cocci. Seeds ovoid, ellipsoid or

obloid and usually dorsi-ventrally compressed

or rarely subglobose, smooth, carunculate;

caruncle creamy-white to yellowish-white,

waxy-fleshy; endosperm copious; cotyledons +

equal in width to the radicle.

Key to species of Bertya

1. Young branchlets glabrous.2

Young branchlets sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent.9

2. Adaxial surface of leaf lamina glabrous, smooth.3

Adaxial surface of leaf lamina with stellate hairs or tuberculate.7

3. Leaves appressed to stem, < 4 mm long (W.A.)

Leaves spreading from stem, > 4 mm long.

28. B. virgata

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

191

4. Leaf laminas > 2.5 mm wide; margins recurved with most of abaxial surface

of leaf lamina visible (Qld).5. B. ernestiana

Leaf laminas < 2.5 mm wide; margins recurved or revolute to midrib so

that usually only midrib of abaxial surface is visible.5

5. Leaf laminas lorate or narrowly oblong, <10 mm long with length/width

ratio <10:1 (W.A.).4. B. dimerostigma

Leaf laminas linear, >10 mm long with length/width ratio >15:1 .6

6. Capsule > 8 mm long; leaf laminas 24-55 mm long with apex acute and

with a prominent apiculate gland; stamens 55-80 (Qld).12. B. lapicola

Capsule < 8 mm long; leaf laminas 7-27 mm long with apex obtuse to

truncate and without a prominent apiculate gland; stamens 15-40

(Qld, N.S.W., Vic.).3. B. cunninghamii

7. Calyx lobes of female flowers glabrous (Qld).22. B. recurvata

Calyx lobes of female flowers fimbriate.8

8. Leaf lamina length/width ratio < 25:1, 15-27 x 1.5-2.6 mm (Qld).9. B. granitica

Leaf lamina length/width ratio > 30:1, 25-60 x 0.8-1.5 mm (Qld).19. B. pinifolia

9. Leaf lamina margins recurved or revolute to midrib so that usually only

midrib of abaxial surface is visible.10

Leaf lamina margins flat or if recurved then most of the abaxial surface of

leaf lamina visible.21

10. Fruiting calyces > two-thirds of capsule length. 11

Fruiting calyces < two-thirds of capsule length. 15

11. Female flowers ± sessile; adaxial surface of leaf lamina moderately to densely

tuberculate with persistent hair stipes.12

Female flowers pedicellate; pedicels 1.0-3.5 mm long; adaxial surface of

leaf lamina smooth or with scattered tubercules.14

12. Calyx lobes of female flowers glabrous (Qld).22. B. recurvata

Calyx lobes of female flowers fimbriate.13

13. Leaf apices rounded, without apiculate gland (N.S.W.).10. B. gummifera

Leaf apices acute, terminating in an apiculate gland (Qld).9. B. granitica

14. Ovary densely stellate-pubescent, not viscid; leaf laminas

19-42 x 1.2-3.1 mm; capsule densely stellate-pubescent (Qld).2. B. calycina

Ovary glabrous or with scattered hairs, viscid; leaf laminas

40-92 x (1.7)3-10 mm; capsule glabrous (Qld) . 18. B. pedicellata

15. Young branchlets viscid, with a sparse indumentum of white stellate hairs.16

Young branchlets not viscid, with a moderately dense to dense grey-white

or golden yellow indumentum of stellate hairs.17

16. Leaf apex rounded to obtuse, not apiculate; leaf laminas < 0.8 mm wide

(N.S.W., Qld, Vic.).3. B. cunninghamii

Leaf apex acute, with prominent glandular apiculum; leaves

>0.9 mm wide (N.S.W.).13. B. linearifolia

17. Calyx lobes of female flowers glabrous.18

Calyx lobes of female flowers sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent.19

192

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

18. Leaf apex rounded or truncate (N.S.W., Qld).24. B. rosmarinifolia

Leaf apex obtuse to acute (N.S.W., S.A., Tas., Vic.).27. B. tasmanica

19. Adaxial surface of leaf lamina scabrous, with a moderately dense

indumentum of coarse stipitate stellate hairs (N.S.W.).14. B. mollissima

Adaxial surface of leaf lamina + smooth, glabrous or with a sparse to

dense indumentum of fine sessile or stipitate stellate hairs.20

20. Adaxial surface of leaf lamina hairy at least when young, glabrescent, not

viscid (N.S.W., S.A., Tas., Vic.).27. B. tasmanica

Adaxial surface of leaf lamina glabrous, viscid (N.S.W.).15. B. oblonga

21. Leaves opposite.22

Leaves spirally alternate.23

22. Young branchlets sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent, glabrescent;

hairs c. 0.1 mm across; calyx lobes of female flowers narrowly ovate to

oblong-ovate, 3.2-5.2 x 0.9-1.7 mm ; ovary glabrous or with scattered

hairs; capsule mostly 1-seeded (Qld). 18. B. pedicellata

Young branchlets densely stellate-pubescent; hairs 0.2-0.8 mm across,

persistent; calyx lobes of female flowers ovate to broadly ovate,

5.0-5.7 x 3.4-5.2 mm; ovary densely hairy; capsule mostly 3-seeded

(N.S.W., Qld).17. B. opponens

23. Fruiting calyces > two-thirds length of capsule.24

Fruiting calyces < two-thirds length of capsule.26

24. Young branchlets viscid, sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent,

glabrescent; adaxial surface of leaf lamina + smooth or with scattered

tubercules; mi drib adaxially viscid, glabrous or not as densely hairy as

abaxial surface of leaf lamina.25

Young branchlets not viscid, densely persistent stellate-pubescent; adaxial

surface of leaf lamina minutely tuberculate with persistent hair stipes;

midrib adaxially not viscid, with indumentum as dense as abaxial surface

of leaf lamina (N.S.W., Qld).16. B. oleifolia

25. Ovary densely stellate-pubescent, not viscid; leaf laminas linear,

19-42 x 1.2-3.1 mm; capsule densely stellate-pubescent (Qld).2. B. calycina

Ovary glabrous or with scattered hairs, viscid; leaf laminas linear-elliptic

or linear-obovate, sometimes linear, 40-92 x (1.7)3-10 mm; capsule

glabrous (Qld).18. B. pedicellata

26. Adaxial surface of leaf lamina glabrous, + smooth.27

Adaxial surface of leaf lamina sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent,

at least when young, if glabrescent then sparsely to moderately tuberculate

with persistent hair stipes.30

27. Peduncles > 7 mm long (N.S.W.).21. B. pomaderroides

Peduncles < 7 mm long.28

28. Calyx lobes of female flowers < 2.5 mm long, sparsely to densely stellate-

pubescent; leaf laminas 8-23 x 1.3-3.0 mm (N.S.W.).15. B. oblonga

Calyx lobes of female flowers > 2.5 mm long, glabrous; leaf laminas

19-46 x 2.5-9.0 mm

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

193

29. Young branchlets with pale golden-yellow indumentum; petioles 1.5-3.5

mm long; female flowers sessile; calyx lobes of female flowers 4.2-4.6

mm long; capsules 7.5-9.3 mm long (N.S.W., Vic.).6. B. findlayi

Young branchlets with whitish coloured indumentum; petioles 0.9-1.5

mm long; female flowers pedicellate with pedicels 0.3-1.1 mm long;

calyx lobes of female flowers 2.8-3.2 mm long; capsules 6.7-7.3 mm

long (Vic.).8. B. grampiana

30. Peduncles > 6 mm long (N.S.W.).1. B. brownii

Peduncles < 6 mm long.31

31. Leaf laminas ovate to orbicular, rarely narrowly ovate, with length/width

ratio 2:1 rarely 3:1, obtuse to cordate at base.

Leaf laminas linear to oblong or narrowly obovate or narrowly ovate, with

length/width ratio >4:1, obtuse to attenuate at base.

32. Leaf laminas ovate to narrowly ovate, 8-22 x 3-10 mm, with apex obtuse

to acute; basi-laminal glands stalked, 0.2-0.7 mm long; stamens 45-55

(Qld).26. B. sharpeana

Leaf laminas ovate to orbicular, 5-10 x 3-8 mm, with apex obtuse to

rounded; basi-laminal glands sessile; stamens 15-30 (S.A.).25. B. rotundifolia

33. Abaxial surface of calyx lobes of female flowers sparsely to densely hairy.34

Abaxial surface of calyx lobes of female flowers glabrous.35

34. Calyx lobes of female flowers 2.0-2.7 mm long; leaf laminas 6-24 mm

long with adaxial surface densely tuberculate by persistent hair stipes;

peduncles 1.0-1.6 mm long (N.S.W.).14. B. mollissima

Calyx lobes of female flowers 3.2-4.2 mm long; leaf laminas 21-29 mm

long with adaxial surface smooth or sparsely tuberculate by persistent

hair stipes; peduncles 1.5-2.5 mm long (N.S.W.).23. B. riparia

35.Indumentum on branchlets somewhat coarse, straw-coloured to golden

yellow (Qld).7. B. glandulosa

Indumentum on branchlets fine, grey-white.36

36. Adaxial surface of leaf lamina with stellate hairs up to 0.1 mm across,

glabrescent, remaining finely tuberculate by persistent hair stipes; capsules

7.5-10 x 3.2-3.5 mm; calyx lobes of female flowers 1.5-2.2 mm long;

androecium 2.5-4.2 mm long; stamens 30-50 (N.S.W.).11. B. ingramii

Adaxial surface of leaf lamina with stellate hairs 0.3-0.6 mm across,

glabrescent, + smooth or with scattered fine tubercules; capsules

5.9-7.1 x 3.5-3.8 mm; calyx lobes of female flowers 1.9-3.1 mm long;

androecium 5.0-8.9; stamens 55-75 (Qld).20. B. polystigma

1. Bertya brownii S.Moore, J. Bot. 43: 147/

148 (1905). Type: Australia, [without

date,] R. Brown [Iter Australiense 3590]

(holo: BM n.v., photo BRI, fide G.P.

Guymer, Austrobaileya2(5): 429 (1988);

iso: CANB [CANB278440]; MEL

[MEL537477]; NSW [NSW194843];

?iso: MEL [MEL114052]).

Bertya astrotricha Blakely, Contr. New

South Wales Natl Herb. 1: 120/121

(1941). Type: New South Wales.

Connelly’s Creek, 1.5 mil es [c. 2.4 km]

NW of Mt Colah, Jun 1918, W.F.

Blakely (holo: NSW [NSW194834],

photo BRI).

194

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Monoecious or apparently dioecious shrubs to

2 m high. Branchlets ± terete with a

moderately dense indumentum of stellate hairs,

becoming glabrous with age though remaining

sparsely tuberculate by persistent hair bases;

hairs stipitate, golden-yellow, 0.7-1.1 mm

across, with stipes 0.1-0.8 mm long. Leaves

petiolate, spirally alternate, spreading; petiole

+ plano-convex, 2.2-4.5 mm long, with a

moderately dense stellate-pubescent

indumentum up to 0.2 mm thick; lamina

narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowly obovate

or oblong-elliptic, (13-) 19-54 mm long,(-4)

9-17 mm wide; adaxial surface green, sparsely

hairy with stipitate stellate hairs c. 0.5 mm

across, smooth; abaxial surface grey-white or

pale green, densely hairy with sessile and

stipitate stellate hairs up to 0.9 mm across;

margin slightly recurved, sometimes finely

sinuate; apex obtuse to rounded; base obtuse

to cuneate; midvein impressed adaxially,

abaxially raised and angular, stellate-

pubescent; marginal glands usually present at

base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib, 0.1-0.2

mm across, stipitate with stipes 0.1-0.5 mm

long. Inflorescences of a single flower,

pedunculate, axillary or terminal on a

rudimentary, short branchlet in distal leaf axils;

peduncles 8-18 mm long; bracts 4-6, persistent

to somewhat caducous, narrowly ovate to

linear, 1.5-5.5 mm long, 0.4-1.7 mm wide,

rounded at tip, stellate-pubescent abaxially,

glabrous adaxially. Male flowers sessile or

pedicellate with pedicels up to 1 mm long, ±

glabrous; calyx lobes 5(sometimes 6), of

unknown colour when fresh, elliptic or ovate-

elliptic, 3.1-5.6 mm long, 2.0-3.3 mm wide,

rounded or obtuse at tip, glabrous except for

scattered stellate hairs along margin and along

midline abaxially; androecium 5.3-7.4 mm

long, 0.4-0.7 mm across; stamens 56-94;

filaments c. 0.1 mm long; anthers 0.8-1.2 mm

long. Female flowers pedicellate; pedicels 0.5-

2.5 mm long in flower, to 4.0 mm long in fruit,

sparsely stellate-pubescent; calyx 5(rarely 6)-

lobed, light green; tube 0.2-0.5 mm long; lobes

± equal, erect or sometimes slightly recurved

distally, narrowly triangular, 2.2-3.0 mm long,

0.5-0.8 mm wide, acute at the tip, glabrous or

with a moderately dense indumentum of

stipitate stellate hairs abaxially, glabrous

adaxially, with margins entire; petals absent;

ovary ellipsoid, 1.5-2.0 mm long, 1.1-1.4 mm

across, 3-locular, with a moderately dense

indumentum of stellate hairs; style with hairy

column 0.1-0.3 mm long and 3 spreading

limbs; limbs red, 1.9-5.2 mm long, c. 0.6 mm

wide, deeply 2- to 5-lobed; lobes 1.5-4 mm

long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide. Capsule narrowly

ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 9-9.5 mm long, 3.5-

4.2 mm across, with a sparse to moderately

dense indumentum of stellate hairs, 1-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes < half the capsule length.

Seed obloid, 5.5-6.5 mm long, 2.7-3.3 mm

wide, 2.3-2.8 mm across, dark brown; caruncle

pyramidal, c. 2 mm across, c. 1 mm long,

creamy-white.

Selected specimens (from 27 examined): New South

Wales. Deua National Park, peak 3 km due W of Bundogeran

Hill, Jan 1993, Albrecht 5313 (MEL); Broken Bago, State

Forest, NE of Comboyne, Sep 1929, Bailey (NSW); junction

of northern arm of Mullet Creek, near Wondabyne, Oct 1925,

Blakely (NSW); Big Bend, Cockle Creek, Hornsby, May

1921, Blakely & Shiress (NSW); Cedar Creek, Cowan, Sep

1926 Blakely & Shiress (NSW); Dee Why, Apr 1922,

Boorman (NSW); 1 km NE of Condella, Feb 1996, Carmen

181 (CANB); Happy Valley, Glen Davis, Mar 1968,

Constable [NSW131563] (NSW); Katandra Bushland

Sanctuary, Mona Vale, Sep 1984, Coveny & James 543

(NSW); Darkey Creek, 128.5 km N of Wilberforce on the

Windsor - Singleton road, Oct 1990, Coveny & Makinson

14385 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); Stewarts Trail, just E of

Big Nellie, Lansdowne S.F., 20 km NNE of Taree, Nov 1997,

Gilmour PG8023 (BRI); Coondella Fire Trail, Deua National

Park, Feb 1984, Gilmour 4211 (CANB, NSW); near Falls,

Big Nellie Road, Comboyne State Forest, about 25 km direct

N of Taree, Nov 1997, Gilmour 7998 (BRI); Katandra

Bushland Sanctuary, Mona Vale, Jan 1969, Grieve (NSW);

Katandra Bushland Sanctuary, Jul 1991, Kennedy & Dart

98 (NSW); Mona Vale road, Warriewood, Mar 1968, Lee

(NSW); rhyolite knob 1 km N of Coondella Trig., Deua

National Park, Jan 1991, Rodd et al. 6153 (BRI, MEL,

NSW); Warriewood, Jul 1941, Rupp (NSW); Deua National

Park, Diamond Creek, above 3rd waterfall, Jan 1994, Taws

& Scott 356 (BRI, CANB, NSW); Ku-ring-gai Chase

National Park, Sep 1995, Weston & McDougall 1902

(NSW).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya brownii is

confined to the coastal and subcoastal districts

of New South Wales from near Wauchope

southwards to Batemans Bay (Map 2). It is

recorded from wet and dry sclerophyll forest

communities on shallow sandy soils in shady

gullies or on steep hill-slopes.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded for

most months of the year, fruits from September

to November and February.

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

195

Affinities: Bertya brownii closely resembles

B. pomaderroides but differs from that in

having generally larger and thinner leaf

laminas with a stellate-pubescent rather than

glabrous adaxial surface, and a coarser

indumentum on the branchlets and abaxial

surface of the leaf lamina which also has two

size classes of hairs.

Notes: The Constable collection from Glen

Davis cited above [NSW131563] has slightly

smaller leaves than are typical for this species.

2. Bertya calycina Halford & R.J.F.Hend. sp.

nov. affinis B. glandulosae Griming

maxime ut videtur sed indumento albo

non pallide rufo, foliis petiolo 0.6-1.3

mm non 1.6-3.1 mm longo et lamina

lineari non lorata, oblonga vel anguste

obovata, floribus femineis calycis lobis

concavis non plus minusve planis,

accrescentibus post anthesin et fructum

includentibus differt. B. pedicellatae F.

Muell. nonnullis formis affinis sed foliis

petiolo 0.6-1.3 mm non 1.5-5.2 mm

longo et lamina 19-42 x 2-3.1 mm non

40-92 x (1.7-)3-10 mm, et ovario dense

pubescenti non glabro vel sparse

pubescenti differt. Typus: Queensland.

Warrego District: c. 30 km NE of

Morven, 28 August 1990, R.J.F.

Henderson et al. H3380 (holo: BRI; iso:

CANB, K, L, MEL, NE, NSW,

distribuendi).

Bertya sp. (Winneba D.Jermyn 31), Forster

& Halford (2002, p. 69).

Monoecious or dioecious, much branched

shrubs to 4 m high, viscid on most parts.

Branchlets angular, becoming terete with age,

with a sparse to moderately dense indumentum

of stellate hairs; hairs + sessile, white, 0.1-0.4

mm across. Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate,

spreading; petiole plano-convex, 0.6-1.3 mm

long, glabrous, smooth or papillose; lamina

linear, 19-42 mm long, 1.2-3.1 mm wide;

adaxial surface green, sparsely stellate-

pubescent when young, becoming glabrous

with age but sparsely tuberculate by persistent

hair bases; abaxial surface white, densely hairy

with sessile stellate hairs up to 0.2 mm across;

margin recurved or sometimes revolute in dried

state; apex acute or obtuse to rounded, usually

ultimately apiculate with extension from

midrib c. 0.1 mm long terminated by a small

gland; base obtuse; midvein impressed

adaxially, abaxially raised and angular, with

scattered stellate hairs on abaxial face and

stellate-pubescent laterally; marginal glands

present at base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib,

0.1-0.2 mm across, sessile. Inflorescences of

a single flower or umbelliform with 2 flowers,

sessile or pedunculate, axillary or sometimes

terminal on a rudimentary, short branchlet in

distal leaf axils; peduncles, where present, 4-

8 mm long; bracts 2-8, persistent, narrowly

ovate to oblong, 2.1-3.7 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm

wide, acute at tip, stellate-pubescent abaxially,

glabrous adaxially. Male flowers sessile; calyx

lobes 5, light green with a reddish blush

distally, elliptic, 2.7-3.2 mm long, 4.2-5.1 mm

wide, rounded at tip, glabrous; androecium

3.5-5.0 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm across; stamens

56-68; filaments 0.1-0.2 mm long; anthers

0.8-1 mm long. Female flowers pedicellate;

pedicels 2.5-3.2 mm long, glabrous or with

scattered stellate hairs; calyx 5-lobed, pale

yellowish-red; tube 0.9-1.1 mm long; lobes ±

equal, erect, oblong-elliptic, 3.8-6.4 mm long

in flower, to 9.5 mm long in fruit, 1.5-2.5 mm

wide, obtuse at tip, glabrous, with margins

entire; petals absent or rudimentary where

ovate, up to 0.5 mm long and 0.3 mm wide,

stellate-pubescent; ovary globose, 1.4-1.8 mm

long, 1.4-1.7 mm across, 3(rarely 2)-locular,

densely stellate-pubescent; style with hairy

column 0.4-0.5 mm long and 3 spreading

limbs; lim bs dark red, 3.1-6.2 mm long, 0.4-

0.7 mm wide, deeply 3- to 5-lobed; lobes 1.7-

3.5 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide. Capsule

narrowly ellipsoid, 9.0-10.3 mm long, 5.0-6.1

mm across, densely stellate-pubescent, usually

1-seeded; persistent calyx lobes > half the

capsule length. Seed obloid, 6.5-7.5 mm long,

3.8-4 mm wide, 2.6-3.0 mm across, dark

brown; caruncle pyramidal, 2.8-3.0 mm

across, 2.1-2.6 mm long, creamy-white. Fig.

1 .

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. Warrego

District: ridge crossed by boundary between Winneba section

of Chesterton Range and SF 11, Sep 1995, Grimshaw & Bean

PG2201 (BRI); State Forest 11, Orkadilla, Nov 1989,

Jermyn 31 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya calycina is

confined to an area of sandstone outcrops at

196

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Fig. 1 . Bertya calycina. A. branchlet with fruit, xl. B. female flower from side. x4. C. fruit from side. x3. D. transverse

section of leaf, x 16. E. section of branchlet. x8. A-E from Henderson H3380 et al. (BRI). Del. W. Smith.

the south-western extremity of the Chesterton

Range north-east of Morven, in the south-west

of Queensland (Map 3). It grows in mallee

woodland communities on shallow sandy to

sandy loam soils on the lower slopes and in

the gullies around a low sandstone plateau.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded in

August, October and November, fruits in

August.

Affinities : Bertya calycina seems most closely

related to B. glandulosa but differs from that

by its white rather than pale rusty coloured

indumentum, its leaves with shorter petioles

(0.6-1.3 mm long compared with 1.6-3.1 mm

long) and linear rather than lorate, oblong or

narrowly obovate laminas, and in its female

flowers with concave rather than more or less

flat calyx lobes which enlarge after anthesis

and enclose the fruit. B. calycina also

resembles somewhat some forms of

B. pedicellata but differs from those by its

leaves with shorter petioles (0.6-1.3 mm long

compared with 1.5-5.2 mm long) and shorter

and narrower laminas (19-42 x 2-3.1 mm

compared with 40-92 x (1.7-)3-10 mm), and

its densely hairy rather than glabrous or

sparsely hairy ovary.

Notes: The only known population of this

species consists of about 20 to 30 plants.

Though it occurs in a designated State Forest,

the area is vulnerable to fire and the plants

being resinous increases their susceptibility to

elimination. Wild fires in 1992 decreased plant

numbers at the site and there was no evidence

of regeneration from seed in August of that year.

Etymology: The epithet ‘calycina’, from Latin

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

197

calycinus, with a well-developed calyx, refers

to the comparatively enlarged sepals present

in both male and female flowers of this species.

3. Bertya cunninghamii Planch., London J.

Bot. 4: 273 (1845). Type: [New South

Wales.] frequent in the western interior

quart[er?] of Australia, [without date,]

A. Cunningham (holo: K (ex herb.

Hook.)).

Monoecious, much branched shrubs, 1.5-3m

high, viscid on most parts. Branchlets angular,

becoming terete with age, glabrous or with a

sparse indumentum of stellate hairs, thickly

viscid on longitudinal ridges; hairs sessile or

stipitate, white, 0.2-0.5 mm across, with stipes

up to 0.1 mm long. Leaves petiolate, spirally

alternate, spreading; petiole plano-convex,up

to 1.0 mm long, glabrous, + smooth; lamina

linear, 8-27 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide;

adaxial surface green, glabrous, smooth;

abaxial surface white, densely hairy with sessile

stellate hairs up to 0.5 mm across; margin

recurved to midrib concealing abaxial surface;

apex straight or slightly recurved, rounded,

obtuse or truncate, usually terminated by small

sessile gland; base cuneate; midvein obscure

adaxially, abaxially rounded and prominent, +

smooth, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent

on abaxial face, stellate-puberulous laterally;

marginal glands present at base of lamina, 1

each side of midrib, 0.1-0.2 mm across, sessile.

Inflorescences of a single flower or sometimes

umbelliform with 2 flowers, pedunculate,

axillary; peduncles 1.2-1.8 mm long; bracts

4-7, mostly persistent, narrowly oblong to

oblong or narrowly ovate, 0.7-1.7 mm long,

0.3-0.7 mm wide, rounded to truncate at tip,

+ glabrous. Male flowers sessile or shortly

pedicellate; pedicels up to 0.4 mm long,

glabrous; calyx lobes 5, yellow-green with

reddish blush, ovate, elliptic or oblong elliptic,

1. Branchlets sparsely stellate-pubescent

Branchlets glabrous.

2.6-3.7 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, rounded

at tip, glabrous or with scattered hairs on

margin; androecium 2.5-4.2 mm long, 0.3-

0.8 mm across; stamens 15-56; filaments c.

0.1 mm long; anthers 0.8-1 mm long. Female

flowers sessile or pedicellate; pedicels up to

2.5 mm long, glabrous; calyx 5-lobed, light

green; tube 0.2-0.4 mm long; lobes + equal,

erect or sometimes recurved distally, ovate,

narrowly oblong or oblong-ovate, 1.3-2.0 mm

long, 0.9-1.1 mm wide, acute to obtuse or

rounded at tip, glabrous, with margins entire

or sometimes minutely fimbriate proximally;

petals absent or rudimentary, up to 0.4 mm long

and 0.3 mm wide, broadly ovate, glabrous;

ovary ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5-1.6 mm long, 0.8-

1.1 mm across, 3(rarely 4)-locular, glabrous;

style with glabrous column 0.1-0.3 mm long

and 3(rarely 4) spreading limbs; limbs red to

maroon, 1.2-1.8 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide,

deeply 2- or 3-lobed; lobes 0.7-1.3 mm long,

0.1-0.2 mm wide. Capsule ovoid or ellipsoid,

4.8- 7.2 mm long, 3.2^1.2 mm across, glabrous,

usually 1-seeded; persistent calyx lobes < half

the capsule length. Seed obloid or ellipsoid,

3.9- 5.7 mm long, 22-2.1 mm wide, 1.9-2.4

mm across, light brown and mottled with dark

brown and reddish brown; caruncle pyramidal,

1.1-1.8 mm across, 0.8-1.2 mm long,

yellowish-white, gooma bush, wallaby bush,

sticky Bertya.

Notes: Bertya cunninghamii, as recognized

here, is widespread in eastern Australia from

Bundaberg, Queensland, through New South

Wales to Licola, in eastern Victoria. The

species exhibits some discontinuous variation

in branchlet vestiture, calyx shape and petiole

length as well as differences in habitat of

occurrence associated with geographical

disjunctions. Three subspecies are therefore

formally recognized here.

3b. B. cunninghamii subsp. pubiramula

2. Shrubs to 2 m high; petioles 0.5-1.0 mm long; calyx lobes of female flowers

narrowly oblong or oblong-ovate, with margins entire; growing in rocky

habitats. 3c. B. cunninghamii subsp. rupicola

Shrubs up to 3 m high; petioles 0.3-0.6 mm long; calyx lobes of female

flowers ovate, with margins minutely fimbriate proximally; growing

in undulating sandy plains. 3a. B. cumminghamii subsp. cunninghamii

198

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

3a. Bertya cunninghamii Planch, subsp.

cunninghamii

Illustration: G.M. Cunningham et al.

(1982: p. 453).

Shrubs 1.5-3m high; branchlets glabrous.

Petioles 0.3-0.6 mm long. Leaf lamina apex

rounded. Flowers on peduncles 1.2-1.8 mm

long. Male flowers with androecium 3.7-4.2

mm long; stamens 38-56. Female flowers

sessile or pedicellate with pedicels up to 2.5

mm long; calyx lobes ovate, acute to obtuse at

tip, with margins minutely fimbriate

proximally. Seed obloid or ellipsoid, 3.9-5.7

mm long.

Selected specimens (from 88 examined): New South

Wales. Charcoal Tank Nature Reserve, S of West Wyalong,

Apr 1978, Blaxell 1578 (NSW); 3.9 km W of Gubbata on

the Naradhan road, Nov 1984, Coveny & Hind 12030 (MEL,

NSW); Binya State Forest, 1 km N of Griffith to Temora

road, Nov 1975, Crisp 1654 (AD, CANB); c. 36 km W of

Girilambone on dirt road to Canbelego, Oct 1989, Henderson

& Turpin H3328 (BRI, NSW); c. 6 km W of Weethalle

towards Rankine Springs on Mid Western Highway, Sep

1989, Henderson & Turpin H3256 (BRI, NSW); c. 7 km E

of Naradhan on Naradhan-Gubbata road, Sep 1989,

Henderson & Turpin H3255 (BRI, CANB, NSW); c. 34

km E of Lake Cargelligo on Condobolin-Lake Cargelligo

Road, Sep 1989, Henderson & Turpin H3253 (BRI, CANB,

NSW); 1 km E of Derriwong on Bogan Gate-Condobolin

road, Sep 1989, Henderson & Turpin H3251 (BRI, CANB,

NSW); c. 3 km S of the Rankine Springs-Goolgowi road,

Sep 1989, Henderson & Turpin H3262 (BRI, CANB,

NSW); c. 57 km NNE of Hillstone towards Matakana on

Hillstone to Cobar road, Oct 1989, Henderson & Turpin

H3324 (BRI, CANB, NSW); Yara Reserve via Condobolin,

Oct 1966, Horne ANU4220 (CANB); Bundure Station, N

of Mt Hope, May 1969, Martensz 131 (CANB, NSW); 47

km from Boppy Mountain on road to Girilambone, Apr 1978,

Moore 7606 (CANB); 6.5 km SW of Tallimba, West

Wyalong district, Oct 1972, Sikkes & Telford AS502

(CANB); 8 km SE of Mt Hope towards Lake Cargelligo,

Oct 1972, Sikkes & Telford AS448 (CANB); c. 26 km

directly SE of Tullamore, 5 km S of junction with Tullamore-

Peak Hill road, Apr 1995, Taws 456 (BRI, CANB, NSW);

Yara Station, Mt Hope, between Mt Hope and Euabalong,

Feb 1964, Walker ANU1321 (BRI, CANB, NSW); 25 km

SW of Bogan River bridge on “The Range” road, SW of

Nyngan, Nov 1984, Wilson 6006 (NSW); “Kergunyah”, SE

of homestead on the boundary fence, Nov 1987, Wilson &

Wilson 175 (BRI, MEL, NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya

cunninghamii subsp. cunninghamii is confined

to central New South Wales from the Cobar

and Nyngan areas southwards to the Wyalong

district and east to Forbes (Map 4). It

commonly grows in woodland or mallee

communities dominated by various eucalypts

and Callitris species on undulating plains on

red to red-brown sandy or sandy loam soils.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded

throughout the year, particularly from June to

September, fruits from September to May.

3b. Bertya cunninghamii subsp. pubiramula

Halford & R.J.F.Hend. subsp. nov. ab

subsp. ceteris B. cunninghamii Planch,

ramulis pubescentibus non glabris differt.

Typus: Victoria, by Snowy River,

upstream from McKillop’s Bridge, 19

September 1979, N.G. Walsh 281 (holo:

MEL; iso: AD, CANB, NSW).

Shrub to 2 m high; branchlets sparsely stellate-

pubescent; hairs sessile or stipitate, white, 0.2-

0.5 mm across; stipes up to 0.1 mm long.

Petioles 0.1-0.6 mm long. Leaf lamina apex

rounded to obtuse. Flowers on peduncles c. 1

mm long. Male flowers with androecium 3.0-

4.0 mm long; stamens 18-34. Female flowers

pedicellate; pedicels up to 0.8 mm long; calyx

lobes narrowly oblong or ovate, rounded to

obtuse at tip, with margins fimbriate. Seed

not seen.

Selected specimens (from 25 examined ): New South

Wales, c. 0.5 miles [0.8 km] N of Coolwater Creek, N of

Willis and Victoria Border, Aug 1970, Beauglehole

ACB33881 (AD, CANB, DNA, NSW, MEL); Deua National

Park, 2 km ENE of Mongamula Mountain, Jan 1990, Briggs

& Brooker 2529 (CANB); Coolbaggie Nature Reserve, 12

km ESE of Eumungerie, Aug 1979, Coveny & Benson 10427

(NSW); Coolbaggie Nature Reserve, near Eumungerie, Aug

1977, Morris (NSW). Victoria. Billy Goat Bend, Mitchell

River, c. 2.25 miles [3.6 km] NNE of Glenaladale National

Park, Apr 1973, Beauglehole ACB41764 (MEL, NSW);

ridge near Crooked River, 4 miles [c. 6.4 km] N of Dargo

Road-Crooked River Road junction, Nov 1957, Cain (MEL);

near creek at Welcola-Tarralgon High School camp, past

Licola (c. 11 km), near Wellington River, Nov 1994, James

BT191 (MEL); Snowy River, in 1854, Mueller (MEL);

Razor Back Ridge S of Mt Deddick, May 1962, Rogers

(MEL); 100-200 m east of Billy Goat Bend Lookout,

Mitchell National Park, Mar 1996, Turner 1079 (MEL);

Cobberas Tingaringy National Park, c. 3 km SE of Sandy

Creek on bank of Snowy River, Apr 1989, Turner 553

(MEL); Snowy River, 5 km NNW of McKillop’s Bridge,

Sep 1979, van Rees 060 (MEL); Snowy River, Deddick,

Sep 1952, Wakefield 4698 (MEL); Upper Snowy River, Jan

1948, Wakefield 2391 (MEL); Wellington River, c. 11 km

(by road) N of Licola, just S of ‘Welcola’ camp, Dec 1998,

Walsh & Anderson 4910 (MEL); Snowy River National

Park, base of cliff, N face of Mt William, Nov 1996, Walsh

4610 (MEL); Upper Snowy River, above McKillop’s Bridge,

Jan 1948, Willis (MEL); Wellington River, 7.5 km N^of

Licola, Jan 1984, Yugovic 20 (MEL).

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

199

Distribution and habitat : Bertya

cunninghamii subsp. pubiramula has a disjunct

distribution (Map 5). It occurs in New South

Wales near Batemans Bay and Dubbo, and in

eastern Victoria, from Licola to Cann River.

It is recorded mainly from open shrubland

communities on shallow sandy soils on rocky

outcrops on steep slopes or in riparian habitats.

Two collections {Morris [NSW195004], NSW

and Coveny & Benson 10427, NSW) from near

Dubbo (Coolbaggie Nature Reserve) are from

plants in mallee communities on sandy soils.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded in

August, September and January, fruits from

November to February.

Affinities: Bertya cunninghamii subsp.

pubiramula differs from other subspecies of

B. cunninghamii in having hairy rather than

glabrous branchlets.

Etymology: The subspecific epithet is derived

from Latin, pubi-, softly or weakly hairy, and

ramulus, branchlet, in reference to the

indumentum on the branchlets of this

subspecies.

3c. Bertya cunninghamii subsp. rupicola

Halford & R.J.F.Hend. subsp. nov.

B. cunninghamii Planch, subsp.

cunninghamii similis ramulis glabris sed

statura breviore (ad 1.5 m non 1.5-3 m

alta), foliis petiolo leviter longiore (0.5-

1.0 mm non 0.3-0.6 mm longo), calycis

lobis anguste oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis

non ovatis margine integro non minute

fimbriato, seminibus parvioribus (3.0-3.5

mm non 3.9-5.7 mm longis) et in locis

rupestribus in ripis et montium verticibus

non planis arenosis crescens differt.

Typus: Queensland. Moreton District:

E of ‘Fair Hills’, SW of Cooyar, 24

August 1996, A.R. Bean 10616 (holo:

BRI).

Shrub to 1.5 m high; branchlets glabrous.

Petioles 0.5-1 mm long. Leaf lamina apex

rounded to truncate or sometimes obtuse.

Flowers on peduncles 0.2-1.3 mm long. Male

flowers with androecium 2.5-4 mm long;

stamens 15-37. Female flowers sessile or

shortly pedicellate with pedicels up to 0.8 mm

long; calyx lobes narrowly oblong or oblong-

ovate, acute to obtuse at tip, with margins

entire. Seed ellipsoid, 3.0-3.5 mm long.

Selected specimens (from 13 examined): Queensland.

Burnett District: Boondooma Dam, c. 50 km WSW of

Murgon, Feb 1999, Olsen (BRI). Wide bay District: Burnett

River, adjacent to compartment 32, Cordalba State Forest,

WSW of Bundaberg, Aug 1996, Bean 10559 (BRI, NSW);

Burnett River c. 30 km W of Bundaberg, Aug 1995, Jansen

(BRI, NSW). Darling Downs District: E of ‘Fair Hills’,

SW of Cooyar, Aug 1996 ,Bean 10617 (BRI, NSW). New

South Wales. Bluff Rock, 37.5 km from Deepwater, Dec

1986, Beesley & Ollerenshaw 726 (BRI, CANB, NSW).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya

cunninghamii subsp. rupicola occurs in

isolated populations from near Bundaberg,

Proston and Cooyar in the south-east of

Queensland and from near Glen Innes, in

northern New South Wales (Map 6). It is

recorded from open shrubland communities on

shallow sandy soils in rocky sites on river banks

and mountain summits.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded in

May, August and December, fruits in February.

Affinities: Bertya cunninghamii subsp.

rupicola differs from B. cunninghamii subsp.

cunninghamii in having a generally shorter

stature (up to 1.5 m high compared with 1.5-3

m high), leaves with slightly longer petioles

(0.5-1.0 mm long compared with 0.3-0.6 mm

long), narrowly oblong or oblong-ovate rather

than ovate calyx lobes, entire rather than

minutely fimbriate calyx lobe margins and

smaller seeds (3.0-3.5 mm long compared with

3.9-5.7 mm long). This subspecies also grows

in different habitats, on rocky sites on river

banks and mountain summits in near-coastal

areas predominantly east of the Great Dividing

Range as opposed to sandplains in inland areas

west of the Great Dividing Range.

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived

from Latin, rupes, rock and - cola , dweller or

inhabitant, in reference to the rocky habitat of

this subspecies.

4. Bertya dimerostigma L.Muell., S. Sci. Rec.

2(5): 98 (1882); Bertya dimerostigma

L.Muell. var. dimerostigma , Griming in

A.Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 62 (1913).

Type: [Western Australia.] Victoria

Springs, 30 Sep 1875, [7.] Young (holo:

MEL [MEL114061]; iso: K).

200

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Bertya dimerostigma var. genuina Griming

in A.Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 62 (1913),

nom. inval.

Monoecious or sometimes dioecious, much

branched shrubs up to 2 m high, mostly viscid.

Branchlets ± angular, glabrous, tuberculate or

sometimes smooth. Leaves sessile or shortly

petiolate, spirally alternate, ascending to

spreading; petiole when present + plano¬

convex, 0.2-0.5 mm long, glabrous, smooth;

lamina lorate or narrowly oblong, 6-10 mm

long, 0.9-1.4 mm wide; adaxial surface green,

glabrous, + smooth; abaxial surface white,

densely hairy with sessile stellate hairs 0.2-

0.3 mm across; margin tightly recurved to

midrib concealing abaxial surface of lamina;

apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes apiculate

with short extension from midrib; base cuneate;

midvein obscure or slightly raised adaxially,

abaxially raised and angular, sparsely papillate;

marginal glands absent or rarely present at base

of lamina, 1 each side of midrib, c. 0.1 mm

across, sessile. Inflorescences of a single

flower, pedunculate, axillary; peduncles 0.5-2

mm long; bracts 5 or 6, persistent, oblong or

narrowly ovate, 1-4 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm

wide, acute or obtuse to rounded at tip, glabrous

except for scattered stellate hairs on abaxial

surface. Male flowers sessile; calyx lobes 5,

red, ovate or elliptic, 2.8-5.1 mm long, 2.2-

2.7 mm wide, rounded at tip, glabrous except

for scattered minute simple hairs on margin;

androecium 2.7-3.5 mm long, c. 0.7 mm

across; stamens 18-46; filaments 0.1-0.2 mm

long; anthers 0.5-0.9 mm long. Female

flowers sessile; calyx 5-lobed, of unknown

colour when fresh; tube up to 0.4 mm long;

lobes ± equal, erect, ovate to broadly ovate, 1.5-

3.5 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, obtuse to

rounded or somet im es acute at tip, glabrous,

with margins fimbriate; petals absent; ovary

ellipsoid, 1.1-1.4 mm long, 1-1.3 mm across,

3-locular, glabrous, minutely verrucose; style

with glabrous column c. 0.2 mm long and 3

spreading limbs; limbs yellow-green, 1.1-1.5

mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm wide, deeply 2- to 4-

lobed; lobes 0.9-1.1 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm

wide. Capsule ovoid, 6-7 mm long, 3.2-3.5

mm across, glabrous, usually 1-3-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes < half the capsule length.

Seed ellipsoid or obloid, 3.0-4.5 mm long, 2.3-

2.4 mm wide, 2.0-2.4 mm across, light brown

and mottled with dark brown; caruncle

somewhat pyramidal or disk-like, 1.3-1.8 mm

across, 0.2-1 mm long, yellowish-white.

Selected specimens (from 35 examined): Western

Australia. 11 miles [c. 18 km] N of Cundeelee, Jun 1970,

Allan 214 (AD, MEL, PERTH); ditto, Jun 1970, Allan 275

(MEL, PERTH); vicinity of Perkolilli Waterhole, Jun 1975,

Beard 7406 (PERTH); Cundeelee, in 1967, Boswell H44

(PERTH); 14 km W of Menzies, Jul 1995, Cranfield 9887

(CANB); Coolgardie, in 1901, Diels (MEL); “Painted

Cliffs”, 50 km E of Lake Cronin crossroads, Aug 1980,

George 15828 (PERTH); Queen Victoria Spring, Sep 1963,

George 5872 (PERTH); 20 or 25 miles [32 or 40 km] S of

Norseman, Oct 1963, Jefferies 631015A (K, PERTH); 54

mi les [c. 87 km] E of Southern Cross, Oct 1963, Jefferies

631009 (K, PERTH); 124 miles [c. 200 km] E of Merredin,

Oct 1964, Jefferies 641009 (PERTH); 54 miles [c. 87 km]

E of Southern Cross, Oct 1963, Jefferies 631010 (K,

PERTH); 5.2 km W of Zanthus, Oct 1986, KeigherySc Alford

918 (PERTH); c. 50 m SW of Bushfire Rock Road, 46.5 km

E of Hyden, Apr 1991, Mollemans 4625 (BRI); 7 miles [c.

11 km] N of Cundeelee, Oct 1956, Royce 5508 (PERTH);

Queen Victoria Spring, N of Zanthus, Oct 1956, Royce 5518

(PERTH); 16 km NE of Gindalbie Homestead, about 70 km

NNE of Kalgoorlie, Aug 1968, Wilson 7535 (BRI, PERTH);

ditto , Aug 1968, Wilson 7536 (BRI, PERTH); 45 km N of

Coolgardie, Oct 1974, Wittwer 1353 (PERTH).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya

dimerostigma is confined to the south-west of

Western Australia, from the Merredin and

Hyden districts eastward to near Zanthus (Map

7). It grows in hummock grassland, mallee

with a tall shrubland understorey, open

woodland or open shrubland communities, on

white, yellow or red sandy soils often overlying

pale grey or red clays.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits have been

recorded mostly from June to November, with

a few records from January and April.

Notes: The Jefferies ( Jefferies 631010

(PERTH) and Jefferies 631015a (PERTH)) and

Mollemans ( Mollemans 4625 (BRI))

collections cited above differ from other

specimens of B. dimerostigma seen in having

subglobose seeds with a disk-like caruncle

rather than obloid seeds with a pyramidal

caruncle which are typical for this species.

Further collections and field studies are

warranted to establish the significance of these

differences.

5. Bertya ernestiana Halford & R.J.F.Hend.,

sp. nov. arte affinis B. pedicellatae

F.Muell. ut videtur sed statura breviore

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

201

(ad 1.5 m non 6 m alta), caulibus glabris

pustulatis non stellato-pubescentibus,

calycis lobis minus quam dimidium non

plus quam dimidium longitudinem

capsulae, et floribus ut videtur semper

solitariis in quaque inflorescentia differt.

Typus: Queensland. Moreton District:

Mt Ernest, Mt Barney National Park, 26

September 1999, D.A. Halford Q3801

(holo: BRI; iso: K, MEL, NSW,

distribuendi).

Bertya sp. (Mt Ernest G.LeiperAQ507685),

Forster & Halford (2002, p. 69).

Monoecious, much branched shrubs up to 1.5

m high, thinly viscid on young shoots and buds.

Branchlets angular, glabrous, sparsely

pustulate. Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate,

spreading; petiole bi-convex, 2-4 mm long,

glabrous, smooth; lamina linear to linear-

elliptic, 40-80 mm long, 3-6 mm wide; adaxial

surface green, glabrous except for isolated

minute peltate scales, smooth, viscid; abaxial

surface white, densely hairy with sessile stellate

hairs up to 0.3 mm across; margin slightly

recurved; apex acute, ultimately apiculate with

pale brown extension from midrib c. 0.1 mm

long terminated by a small gland; base

attenuate; midvein slightly impressed

adaxially, abaxially raised and angular,

glabrous and smooth on abaxial face, stellate-

pubescent laterally; marginal glands somet im es

present at base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib,

c. 0.1mm across, stipitate with stipe 0.1-0.2

mm long. Inflorescences of a single flower,

pedunculate, axillary or sometimes terminal on

rudimentary, short branchlet in distal leaf axils;

peduncles 1-5 mm long; bracts 4-6, persistent

but deciduous before the fruit matures, linear

or narrowly triangular, 2-10 mm long, 0.3-

1.3 mm wide, acute, obtuse or rounded at tip,

glabrous or stellate-pubescent abaxially,

glabrous adaxially. Male flowers sessile; calyx

lobes 5, light green, ovate or oblong-ovate, 5.2-

5.5 mm long, 2.6-3.5 mm wide, rounded at

tip, glabrous; androecium 6.0-7.0 mm long,

0.9-1.0 mm across; stamens c. 60; filaments

up to 0.2 mm long; anthers 0.8-1.1 mm long.

Female flowers pedicellate; pedicels EO-2.1

mm long in flower, to 4.0 mm long in fruit,

glabrous; calyx 5-lobed, light green coloured;

tube c. 0.3 mm long; lobes + equal, erect and

re volute distally, narrowly oblong-ovate, 3.7-

4.5 mm long, 1.0-E5 mm wide, acute to

rounded at tip, glabrous, with margins entire;

petals absent or rudimentary where narrowly

ovate, up to 0.8 mm long and 0.1 mm wide,

glabrous; ovary ovoid, 1.3-2.0 mm long, 0.8-

1.3 mm across, 3(rarely 4)-locular, glabrous,

smooth; style with glabrous column 0.2-0.3

mm long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs yellow-

green to red, 2.9-4.1 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm

wide, deeply 3- to 5-lobed; lobes 3.0-4.1 mm

long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide. Capsule narrowly

ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid, 7.5-10 mm long,

3.8-4.2 mm across, glabrous, usually 1-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes < half the capsule length.

Seed obloid-ellipsoid, c. 6 mm long, c. 3.2 mm

wide, c. 3 mm across, light brown; caruncle

pyramidal, 2.2-2.4 mm across, 2.3-2.4 mm

long, creamy-white. Fig. 2.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. Moreton

District: Mt Ernest, Apr 1993, Forster & Leiper PIF13258

(BRI); ditto, Sep 1991, Leiper (BRI, NSW); ditto , Jul 1992

Leiper (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya ernestiana

is known only from Mount Ernest in the south¬

east of Queensland (Map 8). It grows on

skeletal sandy loam soils derived from rhyolite

on steep rocky slopes and rock pavements in

heath or open eucalypt forest with heath

understorey.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits have been

recorded in April, July and September.

Affinities: Bertya ernestiana seems most

closely related to B. pedicellata but differs from

that in its smaller stature, reaching only about

1.5 m high rather than up to 6 m high, its

glabrous, pustulate rather than stellate-

pubescent stems, and its calyx lobes being less

than half the length of the capsule rather than

exceeding half the length of the capsule.

B. ernestiana also appears never to have more

than one flower per inflorescence, whereas

B. pedicellata sometimes has 2 flowers per

inflorescence.

Etymology: The specific epithet refers to

Mount Ernest in south-east Queensland where

the type for the species’ name was collected.

202

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Fig. 2. Bertya ernestiana. A. branchlet with flowers and fruit, x 1. B. female flower from side. x6. C. fruit from side. x6. D.

transverse section of leaf, x 18. E. section of branchlet. x4. A-E from Leiper [AQ507685] (BRI). Del.W.Smith.

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

203

6. Bertya findlayi F.Muell., Fragm. 8: 141/

142 (1874). Type: [Australia.] Upper

Hume River, Jan 1874, [F. Mueller ]

(lecto, here chosen: MEL [MEL114064];

isolecto: MEL [MEL114295], NSW

[NSW194876]).

Monoecious (sometimes predominantly either

female or male), much-branched shrubs up to

2 m high, viscid on flower buds and young

shoot tips. Branchlets ± angular, becoming

terete with age, with a dense indumentum of

stellate hairs, becoming glabrous with age,

though remaining minutely tuberculate by

persistent hair bases; hairs + sessile, pale

golden-yellow, 0.1-0.4 mm across. Leaves

petiolate, spirally alternate, spreading; petiole

plano-convex, 1.5-3.5 mm long, glabrous and

slightly longitudinally grooved adaxially, with

a dense stellate-pubescent indumentum up to

0.1 mm thick abaxially; lamina narrowly

oblong, narrowly obovate or lorate, 20-46 mm

long, 4-9 mm wide; adaxial surface green,

glabrous, smooth; abaxial surface white,

densely hairy with ± sessile stellate hairs up to

0.4 across; margin recurved; apex obtuse,

rounded or truncate, usually ultimately

apiculate with minute yellowish coloured

extension from mibrib, terminated by a small

gland; base cuneate to attenuate; midvein

impressed adaxially, abaxially raised, angular

and stellate-pubescent on all surfaces; marginal

glands present at base of lamina, 1 each side

of midrib, c. 0.1 mm across, sessile.

Inflorescences of a single flower or rarely

umbelliform with 3 flowers, pedunculate,

axillary or sometimes terminal on rudimentary,

a short branchlet in distal leaf axils; peduncles

3-6 mm long; bracts 4 or 5, persistent; outer

bracts narrowly ovate or triangular, 1.8-2.7

mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, acute at tip,

stellate-pubescent abaxially, glabrous

adaxially; inner bracts broadly ovate to

orbicular, 1.8-2.4 mm long, 1.5-2.4 mm wide,

acuminate at tip, glabrous or stellate-pubescent

along midline abaxially. Male flowers sessile;

calyx lobes 5, light green, ovate, 3.5-4.6 mm

long, 2.5-3.3 mm wide, obtuse to rounded at

tip, glabrous; androecium c. 4 mm long, c. 0.8

mm across; stamens 35-41; filaments c. 0.1

mm long; anthers 0.9-1.1 mm long. Female

flowers sessile; calyx 5-lobed, light green

coloured; tube c. 0.5 mm long; lobes equal,

erect, recurved to revolute distally, narrowly

ovate or somewhat narrowly triangular, 4.2-

4.6 mm long, 1.9-2.2 mm wide, acute at tip,

glabrous, with margins entire; petals absent;

ovary ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.9-2.2 mm

across, 3-locular, with a moderately dense

indumentum of stellate hairs distally; style with

glabrous column 0.2-0.5 mm long and 3

spreading limbs; lim bs red, 2.1-2.7 mm long,

0.5-0.6 mm wide, deeply 3-lobed; lobes 0.6-

1.9 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide. Capsule

narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, 7.5-9.3 mm long,

3.9-5.2 mm across, glabrous or with scattered

stellate hairs distally, usually 1-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes < to half the capsule

length. Seed obloid, 5.2-6.6 mm long, 3.2-

4.1 mm wide, 2.7-3.4 mm across, brown and

mottled with reddish brown and light brown;

caruncle disk-like, c. 2.1 mm across, c. 1 mm

long, yellowish-white, mountain Bertya

Selected specimens (from 17 examined): New South

Wales, c. 500 m NNW of Alpine Way bridge, Swampy Plains

River, Kosciusko National Park, Oct 1987, Davies 182

(CANB, NSW); ditto , Jan 1988, Davies & Walton 452

(CANB, NSW); Geehi River track above Pinnacle, Jan 1959,

Ford (NSW); Geehi River track, Snowy River, Sep 1954,

Mueller & Phillips 2223 (NSW); Khancoban Back Creek,

Geehi region below S.M.A. camp, Jan 1961 , Phillips (CANB,

NSW); Bogoing Creek track, Geehi Region, Oct 1957,

Phillips & Roeder-Roitzsch (NE); Jacobs (Tongaroo) River,

near road bridge, Nov 1968, Rogers (MEL); Apline Way, c.

10 km SE from Khancoban, Feb 1992, Walsh 3412 (MEL);

Barry Highway at Jacobs River Crossing, Snowy River

Valley, Nov 1968, Willis (MEL). Victoria. Surveyor’s Creek,

just upstream from junction with Tin Mine Road, Oct 1982,

Frood (MEL).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya findlayi is

confined to the south-east of New South Wales

from Khancoban to the Snowy River, to the

north-east of Victoria near Corryong (Map 9).

It grows in wet or dry sclerophyll forest

communities dominated by Eucalyptus albens

Benth. and Callitris sp. on sandy loam soils

along watercourses and in gullies.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded in

September and October, fruits in October,

November, January and February.

Typification: Four sheets of probable type

material of Bertya findlayi have been located.

All sheets have the species name in Mueller’s

hand written on them. Two sheets are at MEL

with one sheet each at K and NSW. Although

all the material appears to be from the one

204

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

collection, the sheet at K is labelled “base of

Mt Kosciuska” while the remaining sheets are

labelled “Upper Hume River, January 1874”.

Sheet MEL 114064 at MEL is chosen here as

the lectotype as it is the most ample of these

specimens.

7. Bertya glandulosa Griming in A.Engler,

Pflanzenr. H.58: 59 (1913). Type:

[Queensland.] Wallangarra, Oct 1901,

J. Boorman (holo: W; iso: NSW

[NSW194893]).

Monoecious or dioecious, much branched

shrubs up to 2 m high, thickly viscid on floral

buds and leaf lamina margins, less so on

adaxial lamina surface. Branchlets + angular

with a dense indumentum of stellate hairs;

hairs sessile, straw-coloured, up to 0.5 mm

across. Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate,

ascending to spreading; petiole plano-convex,

1.6-3.1 mm long, with a dense stellate-

pubescent indumentum up to 0.2 mm thick;

lamina narrowly oblong to lorate or rarely

narrowly obovate, 10-27 mm long, 1.5-3.2 mm

wide; adaxial surface green with a sparse to

moderately dense indumentum of stalked

stellate hairs, glabrescent, tuberculate with

persistent hair bases; abaxial surface white,

densely hairy with + sessile stellate hairs up to

up to 0.3 mm across; margin revolute; apex

obtuse to rounded, ultimately apiculate with

an extension from midrib up to 0.1 mm long

and terminated with a light brown to red gland;

base shortly cuneate; midvein impressed

adaxially, abaxially raised, angular and

pubescent with sessile and stipitate stellate

hairs; marginal glands present at base of

lamina, 1 each side of midrib, 0.1-0.15 mm

across, sessile or stipitate with stipes up to 0.2

mm long. Inflorescences of a single flower,

pedunculate, axillary; peduncles up to 1.5 mm

long; bracts 4-6, persistent but deciduous

before fruit matures, narrowly ovate to ovate,

1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, acute at

tip, glabrous or stellate-pubescent abaxially,

glabrous adaxially. Male flowers shortly

pedicellate; pedicels 0.5-0.8 mm long,

glabrous; calyx lobes 5, yellow-green, oblong-

elliptic, 3.1-3.7 mm long, 1.8-2.1 mm wide,

rounded at tip, glabrous; androecium 2.0-3.0

mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm across; stamens 25-30;

filaments c. 0.1 mm long; anthers 0.7-0.9 mm

long. Lemale flowers sessile; calyx 5-lobed,

yellow-green coloured; tube 0.4-0.6 mm long;

lobes + equal, erect, recurved distally, ovate to

oblong-ovate, 1.8-2.2 mm long, 0.7-1.2 mm

wide, acute or obtuse to rounded at tip,

glabrous, with margins entire; petals absent or

rudimentary when up to 0.6 mm long and 0.3

mm wide, ovate, glabrous; ovary ellipsoid, 1.3-

1.6 mm long, 1.4 mm across, 3-locular, densely

stellate-pubescent; style with hairy column 0.1-

0.2 mm long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs red,

1.3- 3.4 mm long, deeply 3- to 5-lobed; lobes

1.1-3.2 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide. Capsule

narrowly ellipsoid, 7-8 mm long, 3.7-4.2 mm

across, with a moderately dense indumentum

stellate hairs, usually 1-seeded; persistent calyx

lobes < half the capsule length. Seed obloid-

ellipsoid, 5.4-6.1 mm long, 3.6-3.9 mm wide,

3.3- 3.8 mm across, dark red; caruncle

pyramidal, 2.4-2.7 mm across, 1.1-1.4 mm

long, creamy-white.

Selected specimens (from 13 examined)’. Queensland.

Darling Downs District: Bald Mountain, SW section of

Girraween National Park, Jan 1995, Bean 8222 (BRI);

Wallangarra, Oct 1901, Boorman (NSW); Wyberba, Portion

90, Jan 1993, Forster & Halford PIF12631 (BRI); ditto,

Sep 1993, Forster & Bean PIF13850 (BRI); 3.3 km SE of

Glen Aplin, Sep 1974, Gittins 2794 (BRI); ridge S of Bald

Mountain, Girraween National Park, Sep 1994, Grimshaw

& Turpin PG971 (BRI); 6 km W of Glen Aplin, portion 87,

Stalling Lane, Jun 1994, Halford & Grimshaw Q2192 (BRI,

NSW); 18 km SWof Stanthorpe, Oct 1994, Halford Q2293C

(BRI); Mt Norman, c. 5 miles [8 km] NE of Wallangarra,

Dec 1970, Hockings (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya glandulosa

is confined to the Stanthorpe-Wallangarra area

in the south-east of Queensland (Map 10). It

is recorded as growing in open eucalypt

woodland, eucalypt ICallitris woodland or

dense to open shrubland communities on

shallow sandy soils on granite rock pavements

and between granite boulders.

Phenology: Llowers have been recorded in

January, June, August to October and

December, fruits in January and June.

Affinities: Bertya glandulosa is somewhat

similar in stature and leaf size to B. oblonga

with which it has been confused in the past.

B. glandulosa differs from B. oblonga by

having a sparse to moderately dense

indumentum on the adaxial surface of young

leaf laminas, and ovate to oblong-ovate rather

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

205

than narrowly triangular calyx lobes in female

flowers which are glabrous rather than stellate-

pubescent on the abaxial surface.

Notes: A Grieves collection from ‘Whiteman

Creek’, just N of Grafton (Grieves

[NSW194912] (NSW)), is noted here because

it is similar to B. glandulosa in that it has a

moderately dense rusty-brown indumentum of

coarse stellate hairs on its branchlets and its

adaxial leaf lamina surface is sparsely

tuberculate from persistent hair bases.

However, it differs by having linear leaves

(about 30 mm long x 1.5 mm wide), with

margins revolute to the midrib. Even from this

single specimen, it is clear that the entity it

represents warrants formal recognition.

However, study of more collections of it are

required before this can be undertaken.

8. Bertya grampiana Halford & R.J.F.Hend.

sp. nov. arte affinis B. findlayi F.Muell.

sed ramulorum indumento longiore et

molliore, foliis petiolis brevioribus (0.9-

1.5 mm non 1.5-3.5 mm longis), et

laminis marginibus plus recurvis et plus

attenuatis ad basem et apicem, floribus

femineis pedicellatis non sessilibus in

pedunculis brevioribus (1-4 mm non 3-

6 mm longis), calycis lobis parvioribus

(2.8-3.2 x 0.8-1.2 mm non 4.2-4.6 x

1.9-2.2 mm) et fructu parviore (6.7-7.3

x 3.2-3.6 mm non 7.5-9.3 x 3.9-5.2

mm) differt. In additamentis haec species

affinis B. ingramii T.A.James sed pilis

grossioribus in ramulis, foliis petiolis

brevioribus (0.9-1.5 mm non 2.1-3.2

mm longis), et laminis laevibus non

minute tuberculatis adaxialiter, et floribus

femineis calycis lobis longioribus (2.8-

3.2 mm non 1.5-2.2 mm longis) et ovario

plus minusve glabro non dense stellato-

pubescentibus differt. Typus: Victoria.

Grampians, W foot of Victoria Range,

Deep Creek, c. 0.5 mil es [0.8 km] S from

Cave of Hands, 11 November 1974, J.H.

Willis (holo: MEF [MEF612505]).

Illustration : F. Costermans (1986: p. 211)

as Bertya findlayi.

Monoecious, much branched shrubs up to 4 m

high, viscid on young shoots, flower buds and

adaxial leaf lamina surfaces. Branchlets ±

terete, with a dense indumentum of stellate

hairs, becoming glabrous with age though

remaining minutely tuberculate by persistent

hair bases; hairs sessile or stipitate, white, 0.4-

0.6 mm across, with stipes 0.3-0.5 mm long.

Feaves petiolate, spirally alternate, spreading;

petiole plano-convex, 0.9-1.5 mm long,

glabrous and slightly grooved adaxially, with

a dense stellate-pubescent indumentum up to

0.3 mm thick abaxially; lamina lorate, linear-

obovate or narrowly obovate, 19-39 mm long,

2.5-4.4 mm wide; adaxial surface green,

glabrous, smooth; abaxial surface white,

densely hairy with sessile or shortly stipitate

stellate hairs 0.2-0.5 mm across; margin

recurved; apex acute to obtuse; base attenuate

to cuneate; midvein impressed adaxially,

abaxially raised, rounded, stellate-pubescent on

all surfaces; marginal glands present at base

of lamina, 1 each side of midrib, c. 0.1 mm

across, sessile. Inflorescences of a single

flower, pedunculate, axillary or terminal on a

rudimentary, short branchlet in distal leaf axils;

peduncles 1-4 mm long; bracts 5-7, persistent,

narrowly ovate or narrowly triangular, 1-3.5

mm long, 0.3-1.5 mm wide, acute at tip,

stellate-pubescent or glabrous abaxially,

glabrous adaxially. Male flowers sessile or

shortly pedicellate with pedicels up to 0.5 mm

long, glabrous; calyx lobes 5, light green, ovate

or ovate-elliptic, 4.7-5.1 mm long, 2.4-2.6 mm

wide, obtuse to rounded at tip, glabrous;

androecium 3.7-6.2 mm long, 0.3-0.6 mm

across; stamens 43-49; filaments 0.1-0.3 mm

long; anthers 0.9-1.1 mm long. Female

flowers pedicellate; pedicels 0.3-1.1 mm long,

glabrous; calyx 5(rarely 6)-lobed, light green

coloured; tube c. 0.3 mm long; lobes equal,

erect or sometimes spreading distally, narrowly

ovate or narrowly triangular, 2.8-3.2 mm long,

0.8-1.2 mm wide, acute or obtuse at tip,

glabrous, with margins entire; petals absent;

ovary ellipsoid distally, 1.6-2.0mmlong, 1.1-

1.5 mm across, 3-locular, glabrous or with

scattered stellate hairs, smooth or sometimes

verrucose; style with glabrous column 0.2-0.4

mm long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs red,

1.8-3.1 mm long, 0.3-0.8 mm wide, deeply

2- to 5-lobed; lobes 0.9-1.5 mm long, 0.1-0.2

mm wide. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, 6.7-

7.3 mm long, 3.2-3.6 mm across, glabrous or

with scattered stellate hairs, usually 1-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes < half the capsule length.

206

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Seed obloid, 5.5-5.7 mm long, 2.6-2.9 mm

wide, 2.5-2.6 mm across, grey-white to light

brown and mottled with dark brown; caruncle

hemispherical, 1.6-1.9 mm across, 1-1.2 mm

long, yellowish-white, mountain Bertya Fig.

Additional specimens : Victoria. Deep Creek, Billy wing

area, Victoria Range, Jan 1969, Beauglehole ACB30288

(MEL); ditto, Feb 1959, Beauglehole ACB4815 (MEL,

NSW); Deep Creek, Victoria Range, Feb 1960, Beauglehole

ACB4983 (CANB, MEL); Deep Creek, W side of Victoria

Range, Apr 1957, Beauglehole etal. ACB4099 (AD, MEL);

beside Deep Creek, W side of Victoria Range, Feb 1957,

Finch & Beauglehole ACB4051 (MEL); Grampians

National Park, Victoria Range, Deep Creek, Oct 1993, Read

(MEL); Deep Creek, Victoria Range, Sep 1981, Scarlett 81-

108 (CANB); 9 km SE of Glenisla, Deep Creek, Victoria

Range, Sep 1981, Scarlett 81-107 (CANB); Deep Creek,

Western Victoria Range, Oct 1988, Westaway 553 (MEL);

west foot of Victoria Range, Deep Creek c. 0.5 miles [0.8

km] S from Cave of Hands, Nov 1974, Willis (MEL); Deep

Creek, 5.5 miles [c. 9 km] SE of Glenisla, Jan 1964, Willis

(MEL).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya grampiana

is confined to the Victoria Range in The

Grampians, western Victoria (Map 11). It

grows in riparian shrubland communities on

shallow dark grey fine sandy soils associated

with sandstone outcropping.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded

between September and February, fruits in

November, January and February.

Affinities: Specimens of Bertya grampiana

have previously been misidentified as

B. findlayi with which this species is closely

allied. B. grampiana can be distinguished from

B. findlayi by its longer and softer white

indumentum on the branchlets, leaves with

shorter petioles (0.9-1.5 mm compared with

1.5-3.5 mm long) and leaf laminas with more

strongly recurved margins and more attenuate

at base and tip, and shortly pedicellate rather

than sessile female flowers on shorter

peduncles (1-4 mm compared with 3-6 mm

long), with smaller calyx lobes (2.8-3.2 x 0.8-

1.2 mm compared with 4.2-4.6 x 1.9-2.2 mm),

producing smaller fruit (6.7-7.3 x 3.2-3.6 mm

compared with 7.5-9.3 x 3.9-5.2 mm).

B. grampiana also resembles B. ingramii but

differs from that in having coarser hairs on

branchlets, leaves with shorter petioles (0.9-

1.5 mm long compared with 2.1-3.2 mm long)

and a smooth rather than minutely tuberculate

adaxial leaf lamina surface, and female flowers

with longer calyx lobes (2.8-3.2 mm long

compared with 1.5-2.2 mm long) and a ±

glabrous rather than a densely stellate-

pubescent ovary.

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived

from The Grampians area in Victoria where

this species occurs.

9. Bertya granitica Halford & R. J.F.Hend. sp.

nov. arte affinis B. pinifoliae Planch, ut

videtur sed foliis laminis brevioribus et

proportione latioribus (1/w ratio 25:1 non

30:1), floribus femineis calycis lobis

majoribus (3.0-5.0 x 1.7-3.0 mm non

2.9-3.6 x 1.3-1.9 mm), fructibus

majoribus (8.1-9.0 x 4.5-5.0 mm non

7.0-7.5 x 3.2-3.5 mm), et seminibus

majoribus (6.5-6.7 x 3.6-3.7 x 3.0-3.1

mm non 4.7-5.2 x 2.7-2.8 x 2.3-2.4

mm) differt. In additamentis haec species

affinis B. recurvatae Halford &

R.J.F.Hend. et B. gummiferae Planch. Ab

ilia foliis laminis non distaliter recurvatis

et floribus femineis calycis lobis

marginibus ciliatis non integris differt.

Ab haec foliis laminis acutis glande

apiculata ad apicem non rotundatis et

glandem ad apicem carens differt.

Typus: Queensland. Burnett District:

Beeron Holding, 15 September 1999, PI.

Forster & T. Ryan PIF19607 (holo: BRI;

iso: MEL, NSW, distribuendi).

Bertya sp. (Beeron Holding P.I.Forster+

PIF5753), Forster & Halford (2002, p.

69).

Monoecious or rarely dioecious, much

branched shrubs to 1 m high, viscid on young

shoots and flower buds. Branchlets somewhat

angular, becoming + terete with age, glabrous

or rarely sparsely stellate-pubescent on young

shoots, soon becoming glabrous, tuberculate;

hairs stipitate, white, c. 1 mm across, with

stipes up to 0.1 mm long. Leaves petiolate,

spirally alternate, ascending to spreading;

petiole plano-convex, 0.5-1.2 mm long,

glabrous or with a sparse indumentum of

stellate hairs, up to 0.1 mm thick, smooth or

sparsely tuberculate; lamina linear, 20-45 mm

long, 1.3-3 mm wide; adaxial surface bright

green, sparsely stellate-pubescent when young,

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

207

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NATIONAL HERBARIUM, MELBOURNE

VICTORIA, AUSTRA1IA

Bertya flndlayi I'.Muell.

Loc.: VICTORIA— Western.

Grampians, west foot of Victoria Range.

Deep Creek ca. z mile S. from Cave of Bands

at end of sandy track east from Billywing

T&Gffi. Road.

Coll.:

J.H.WiUis, 11 ITov. 1974 .

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS

& NATIONAL HERBARIUM

MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

Det.:

QlfW * f*1

Fig. 3. Type of Bertya grampiana.

208

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

glabrescent, tuberculate; abaxial surface white,

densely hairy with + sessile stellate (up to 0.6

mm across) and simple glandular (up to 0.05

mm long) hairs; margin recurved or re volute

to midrib concealing lower leaf surface; apex

subacute to obtuse, ultimately apiculate with

extension from midrib up to 0.1 mm long,

terminated with small brown gland; base

cuneate; midvein impressed adaxially

(sometimes only proximally), abaxially raised

and angular, with stellate hairs on abaxial face,

becoming glabrous, tuberculate with persistent

hair bases, stellate-pubescent laterally;

marginal glands present at base of lamina, 1

each side of midrib, 0.3-0.4 mm across, sessile.

Inflorescences mostly of a single flower or

sometimes umbelliform with 2 flowers,

pedunculate, axillary; peduncles 0.3-1.5 mm

long; bracts 3-7, persistent, narrowly ovate to

ovate, 1.9-2.8 mm long, 0.6-1.5 mm wide,

acute to obtuse at tip, glabrous, papillose. Male

flowers sessile; calyx lobes 5, yellowish

coloured, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3.4-4.5

mm long, 2-3 mm wide, rounded at tip,

glabrous or sometimes with scattered simple

hairs on margin; androecium 3.2-5.5 mm long,

0.6-0.8 mm across; stamens 40-50; filaments

0.1-0.2 mm long; anthers 0.8-1.1 mm long.

Female flowers sessile; calyx 5-lobed, yellow-

green; tube c. 0.5 mm long; lobes + equal, erect,

elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 3-5 mm long in

flower, up to 9 mm long in fruit, 1.7-3.0 mm

wide, rounded at tip, glabrous, with margins

fimbriate; petals rudimentary, up to 0.5 mm

long and 0.3 mm wide, ovate, glabrous; ovary

ovoid, 1.3-1.8 mm long, 1.1-1.6 mm across,

3-locular, glabrous or with scattered stellate

hairs distally; style with ± glabrous column

0.5-1.0 mm long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs

red, 2.8-4.5 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, deeply

3- or 4-lobed; lobes 1.0-3.3 mm long, 0.2-0.3

mm wide. Capsule ovoid, 8.1-9 mm long, 4.5-

5 mm across, glabrous or with scattered stellate

hairs, usually 1-seeded; persistent calyx lobes

usually longer than capsule. Seed obloid, 6.5-

6.7 mm long, 3.6-3.7 mm wide, 3-3.1 mm

across, brown; caruncle pyramidal, 2.4-2.5

mm across, 1.5-1.8 mm long, creamy-white.

Fig. 4.

Additional specimens : Queensland. Burnett District:

Beeron Holding, 6 km W of “Toondahra” homestead, Sep

1989, Forster & Bean PIF5753 (BRI); ditto, Sep 1999,

Forster et al. PIF24880 (BRI); ‘Rocky Paddock’, 47.7 km

SW of Gayndah, Aug 1993, Halford Q1789 (BRI); ditto,

Aug 1993, Halford Q1788 (BRI, MEL); Beeron Holding,

43 km S of Mundubbera, Aug 1996, Halford Q2906 (BRI);

ditto, Aug 1996, Halford Q2905 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya granitica is

confined to the south-east of Queensland,

where it is restricted to the Mundubbera district

(Map 12). It grows on shallow sandy soils on

exposed granite outcrops in open eucalypt

forest or woodland communities.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded in

August and September, fruits in October.

Affinities: Bertya granitica seems most closely

related to B. pinifolia but differs from that in

its shorter and proportionally broader leaf

laminas (leaf lamina length/width ratio 25:1

compared with 30:1), its generally larger calyx

lobes in female flowers (3.0-5.0 x 1.7-3.0 mm

compared with 2.9-3.6 x 1.3-1.9 mm), its

larger capsules (8.1-9.0 x 4.5-5.0 mm

compared with 7.0-7.5 x 3.2-3.5 mm) and its

larger seeds (6.5-6.7 x 3.6-3.7 x 3.0-3.1 mm

compared with 4.7-5.2 x 2.7-2.8 x 2.3-2.4

mm).

B. granitica is also similar to B. recurvata

and B. gummifera but differs from the former

in having ciliate rather than glabrous margins

on calyx lobes of female flowers and leaf

laminas not recurved distally. B. granitica

differs from B. gummifera in having an acute

leaf apex terminated by an apiculate gland

rather than a rounded leaf apex that lacks a

terminal glandular apiculum.

Etymology: The specific epithet ‘granitica’

refers to exposed granite rock outcrops upon

which this species is found.

10. Bertya gummifera Planch., London J. Bot.

4: 473, t. 16, fig. 6 (1845); Bertya

gummifera Planch, var. gummifera ,

Mull.Arg., Flora 47(30): 471 (1864).

Type: [New South Wales.] barren rocky

cliffs, W from Wellington Valley, near

Croker’s Range, [in 1825,]

A. Cunningham 49 (holo: K (ex herb.

Hook.)).

Bertya polymorpha forma mitchelliana

Baill., Adansonia 6: 299 (1866). Type:

[New South Wales.] barren rocky cliffs,

W from Wellington Valley, near

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

209

Fig. 4. Bertya granitica. A. branchlet with flowers, xl. B. male flower from side. x6. C. female flower from side. x6. D.

transverse section of leaf. xl6. E. section of branchlet. x24. F. oblique lateral view of leaf apex. xl6. A-C from Forster etal.

PIF24880 (BRI); D, F from Forster & Ryan PIF19607 (BRI); E from Forster & Bean PIF5753 (BRI). Del. W. Smith.

210

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Croker’s Range, [in 1825,]

A. Cunningham 49 (lecto, here chosen:

K (ex herb. Hook.)).

Bertya neglecta Dtimmer, J. Bot. 52: 151/

152 (1914). Type: [New South Wales.]

Barrens north of Arbuthnot’s Range

[Warrumbungle Ranges], [without

date,] [C.] Fraser (holo: CGE n.v.,

photo BRI).

Bertya gummifera var. genuina Miill.Arg.,

Flora 47(30): 471 (1864), nom. inval.

Monoecious (sometimes predominantly male

or female), much branched shrubs to 2 m high,

viscid on flower buds and flowers. Branchlets

angular, becoming + terete with age, with a

moderately dense indumentum of stellate hairs,

becoming glabrous with age though remaining

coarsely tuberculate by persistent hair bases;

hairs stipitate, white, up to 1.5 mm across, with

stipes up to 0.4 mm long. Leaves petiolate,

spirally alternate, ascending to spreading;

petiole ± plano-convex, 1.4-1.9 mm long, with

scattered stipitate stellate hairs up to 0.3 mm

long; lamina linear, 10-30 mm long, 0.9-1.5

mm wide, recurved at tip; adaxial surface

green, with moderately dense indumentum of

stipitate stellate hairs, glabrescent, coarsely

tuberculate with persistent hairs bases; abaxial

surface white, densely hairy with stellate 0.3-

0.6 mm across and simple glandular hairs up

to 0.05 mm long; margin recurved or revolute

to midrib concealing lower leaf lamina surface;

apex rounded; base cuneate; midvein impressed

adaxially, abaxially raised, angular, with

scattered stipitate stellate hairs on abaxial face,

stellate-pubescent laterally; marginal glands

present at base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib,

0.2-0.3 mm across, sessile. Inflorescences of

a single flower or umbelliform with 2 flowers,

pedunculate, axillary; peduncles 1-1.5 mm

long; bracts 5-8, persistent, narrowly ovate to

narrowly ovate, 1.9-4 mm long, 0.9-1.9 mm

wide, obtuse or acute at tip, sparsely stellate-

pubescent or glabrous abaxially, glabrous

adaxially. Male flowers pedicellate with

pedicels up to 0.8 mm long, glabrous; calyx

lobes 5, yellow-green with reddish blush on

margin, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4.5-5.8 mm

long, 3-4.3 mm wide, rounded at tip, glabrous

except for scattered minute simple hairs on

margin; androecium 5.5-6.5 mm long, 0.6-

0.9 mm across; stamens 46-61; filaments 0.1-

0.2 mm long; anthers 1-1.5 mm long. Female

flowers sessile; calyx 5(rarely 6)-lobed, light

green at anthesis, becoming dark red with age;

tube up to 0.5 mm long; lobes equal, erect,

elliptic or ovate, 3.8-6.2 mm long in flower,

up to 10 mm long in fruit, 2.2-3.5 mm wide,

rounded at tip, glabrous, with margins

fimbriate; petals rudimentary, ovate, up to 0.6

mm long and 0.2 mm wide, glabrous; ovary

subglobose or ovoid, 1.4-2.0 mm long, 1.4-

1.6 mm across, 3-locular, glabrous; style with

glabrous column 1.5-2.0 mm long and 3

spreading limbs; limbs pink to red, 4.9-8.2 mm

long, 0.4-1.0 mm wide, deeply 3- or 4-lobed;

lobes 3.8-6.2 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide.

Capsule ellipsoid, 6.9-9.2 mm long, 3-4.1 mm

across, glabrous, usually 1-seeded; persistent

calyx lobes > half the capsule length. Seed

obloid, 5.3-7 mm long, 3.2-3.5 mm wide, 2.7-

3 mm across, dark brown; caruncle pyramidal,

1.7-2.0 mm across, 0.8-1.0 mm long, creamy-

white.

Selected specimens (from 48 examined): New South

Wales. Dubbo-Mendooran road, Dec 1944, Althofer (NSW);

Cobbora, May 1946, Althofer 86 (NSW); 3 miles [c. 5 km]

ESE of Dewar, Goonoo State Forest, Aug 1955, Biddiscombe

341 (CANB); Rocky Glen, c. NE of Coonabarabran, Sep

1908, Boorman (NSW); Mt Dangar, Gungal, near Merriwa,

Sep 1904, Boorman (AD, NSW); Denman, Jul 1907,

Cambage (NSW); 3 miles [c. 5 km] NW of Sandy Hollow,

Aug 1962, Constable 4023 (BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW);

Cox’s Gap, 6.9 km NNE of the Sandy Hollow-Muswellbrook

Road via Wybong, Sep 1974, Coveny & Jacobs 5626 (K,

NSW); 8 miles [c. 13 km] NW of Denman on road to Sandy

Hollow, Oct 1970, Fisher 260 (BRI, CANB, NSW); c. 38

km SW of Dubbo on Newell Highway to Peak Hill in Momo

State Forest, Sep 1989, Henderson & Turpin H3244 (BRI,

NSW); ditto, Sep 1989, Henderson & Turpin H3245 (BRI,

DNA, MEL, NSW); N side of Belougery Split Rock,

Warrumbungle Mountains, Oct 1966, Johnson & Briggs 945

(NSW); 7 miles [c. 11 km] from Cobbora on Boomley road,

Aug 1950, Johnson & Constable (K, NSW); Burbie Creek,

Warrumbungle Range, 29 km W of Coonabarabran, Dec

1973, Streimann HS591 (BRI, CANB); Burbire Canyon,

Warrambungles National Park, Aug 1984, Walsh 1318

(MEL, NSW); Pilliga Nature Reserve, 1 km from the Newell

Highway on road to Yamimba Picnic area, Aug 1984, Wiecek

& Wannan UNSW16477 (NSW); unnamed peak, 25-30 km

Nof Rylstone, Jul 1983, Williams 11 (NSW); 19 miles [c.

30 km] W of Coonabarabran, Oct 1971, Williams (NE).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya gummifera

occurs in central New South Wales in an area

more or less bounded by Narrabri, Moonbi, Mt

Dangar, Kandos, Dubbo and the

Warrumbungle Ranges (Map 13). It is recorded

from dry sclerophyll forest, low open woodland,

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

211

open mallee, shrubland or heathland

communities on shallow sandy soils on rocky

hillsides and ridges of sandstone, granite or

trachyte. It is also recorded along rocky

sandstone watercourses.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded from

May to December, fruits from October to

December.

Affinities: Bertya gummifera seems most

closely allied to B. pinifolia, B. recurvata and

B. granitica. It differs from B. pinifolia in

having proportionally shorter leaf laminas (leaf

lamina length/width ratio less than 20:1

compared with greater than 30:1) and a

rounded leaf apex that lacks a terminal

apiculum compared with an acute leaf apex

terminated by an apiculate gland. For features

distinguishing B. gummifera from B. recurvata

and B. granitica see notes under those species.

Notes: Hunter’s collection 2575 in BRI from

Moore Creek Gap near Moonbi in New South

Wales is presently included in, but is atypical

of B. gummifera in that it is not as hairy on the

branchlets and leaves and the leaves are

generally smaller than those in the typical form

of this species. Study of further collections is

required to assess the significance of this

variation.

11. Bertya ingramii T.A.James, Telopea 3(2):

285-286 (1988). Type: New South

Wales, top of Dangar’s Falls, SE of

Armidale, Jan 1964, J.B. Williams K29

(holo: NSW; iso NE, n.v.,fide James loc.

cit.).

Monoecious or apparently dioecious, much

branched shrubs to 2.5 m high. Branchlets

angular, becoming + terete with age, with a

dense indumentum of stellate hairs, becoming

glabrous with age though remaining minutely

tuberculate by persistent hair bases; hairs

sessile or stipitate, white to grey-white, 0.1-

0.2 mm across; stipes up to 0.2 mm long.

Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate, spreading;

petiole + bi-convex, 2.1-3.2 mm long, with a

dense stellate-pubescent indumentum up to 0.2

mm thick; lamina linear to lorate, linear-

obovate or narrowly ovate, 22-37 mm long,

1.9-5 mm wide; adaxial surface dark green to

grey-green, sparsely hairy with stipitate stellate

hairs up to 0.1 mm across, glabrescent,

minutely tuberculate with persistent hair bases;

abaxial surface white, densely hairy with sessile

and stipitate stellate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm across;

margin recurved to re volute; apex obtuse to

acute, rarely minutely apiculate; base cuneate

to attenuate; midvein obscure, raised or rarely

slightly impressed adaxially distally, abaxially

raised, angular, stellate-pubescent on all

surfaces; marginal glands present at base of

lamina, 1 each side of midrib, 0.1-0.15 mm

across, sessile. Inflorescences of a single flower

or rarely umbelliform with 2 flowers,

pedunculate, axillary; peduncles 0.9-1.5 mm

long; bracts 6-10, persistent; outer bracts

narrowly triangular or narrowly ovate, 1.6-3.8

mm long, 0.7-1.7 mm wide, acute at tip,

stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; inner bracts

ovate to broadly ovate, 1.4-1.8 mm long, 1.0-

1.2 mm wide, obtuse at tip, glabrous. Male

flowers sessile; calyx lobes 5, light green

sometimes with a reddish blush distally,

narrowly elliptic to elliptic or oblong-elliptic,

4.0-4.8 mm long, 2.5-3.2 mm wide, rounded

at tip, glabrous or sometimes with scattered

stellate hairs on margin; androecium 3.5-4.2

mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm across; stamens 34-46;

filaments c. 0.1 mm long; anthers 0.9-1.4 mm

long. Female flowers sessile; calyx 5-lobed,

light green coloured; tube c. 0.5 mm long; lobes

equal, erect to spreading, recurved distally,

ovate to broadly ovate, 1.5-2.2 mm long, 1.1-

1.6 mm wide, obtuse at tip, glabrous, with

margins fimbriate; petals rudimentary, ovate

or oblong, up to 0.4 mm long and 0.3 mm wide,

glabrous; ovary subglobose, c. 1.6 mm long, c.

1.5 mm across, 3-locular, densely stellate-

tomentose; style with hairy column 0.2-0.4 mm

long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs red, 1.5-

1.9 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, deeply 2- or

3-lobed; lobes 0.8-1.3 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm

wide. Capsule narrowly ovoid to ovoid, 7.5-

10 mm long, 3.2-3.5 mm across, sparsely

stellate-pubescent with long and short hairs,

glabrescent, 1 (sometimes 2)-seeded; persistent

calyx lobes < half the capsule length. Seed

obloid or ellipsoid, 5.0-5.6 mm long, 2.9-3.3

mm wide, 2.8-3.0 mm across, light brown to

brown; caruncle pyramidal, 2.0-2.1 mm

across, 1.0-1.7 mm long, yellowish-white

coloured.

Selected specimens (from 12 examined): New South

Wales, near Mihi Falls, Oxley Wild Rivers National Park,

212

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Sep 1997, Copeland 97-952 (NSW); top of Dangar’s Falls,

c. 300 m from carpark, Oxley Wild Rivers National Park,

Dec 1996, Davies & Johnstone 49 (NSW); Dangar’s Falls,

c. 20 km S of Armidale, Sep 1976, Hassail 7667 (BRI);

Dangar’s Falls, c. 21 km S of Armidale, Oxley Wild Rivers

National Park, Sep 1990, Henderson & Turpin H3405

(BRI); ditto, Sep 1990, Henderson & Turpin H3404 (BRI);

Gara River, via Armidale, Oct 1936, Ingram (NSW);

Dangar’s Falls, Armidale, Sep 1971, McBarron 20294

(NSW); top of Dangar’s Falls, near Armidale, Oct 1959,

Williams G60 (NSW); ditto, Jan 1964 Williams K29 (NSW);

ditto, Aug 1966, Williams (BRI, NE); M ih i Falls, c. 20 km E

of Armidale, Aug 1989, Williams (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya ingramii is

confined to the Oxley Wild Rivers National

Park near Armidale, in northern New South

Wales (Map 14). It is recorded from dense

heathland and shrubland communities on

shallow loamy soils at cliff edges and in

crevices on cliff-faces.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded from

August to October, fruits in January.

Affinities : Bertya ingramii resembles

B. polystigma but can be distinguished from

that by its finer indumentum on branchlets, its

minutely tuberculate upper leaf lamina surface

and its ovate to broadly ovate calyx lobes in

female flowers. It also resembles

B. grampiana. For distinguishing characters

refer to notes under B. grampiana.

12. Bertya lapicola Halford & R.J.F.Hend. sp.

nov. arte affinis B. pedicellatae F.Muell.

ut videtur sed statura breviore (ad 2 m

non ad 6 m alta), ramulis glabris non

sparse stellato-pubescentibus, et foliis

petiolis brevioribus (0.9-1.2 mm non

1.5-5.2 mm longis) et laminis omnino

linearibus non lineari-obovatis vel

lineari-ellipticis maximam partem

differt. Typus: Queensland. Moreton

District: 4 km along Goldmine Road, 12

km N of Helidon, 12 April 1992, L.H.

Bird & D. Schreiber (holo: BRI

[AQ542245]; iso: K, NSW).

Monoecious, much branched shrubs up to 2 m

high, thinly viscid on most parts. Branchlets

angular, becoming terete with age, glabrous.

Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate, ascending

to spreading; petiole plano-convex, 0.9-1.2

mm long, glabrous, smooth; lamina linear, 15-

55 mm long, 1.3-1.9 mm wide; adaxial surface

green, glabrous, + smooth, sometimes punctate

in dried state; abaxial surface white, densely

hairy with sessile stellate hairs 0.4-0.9 mm

across; margin recurved to midrib usually

concealing abaxial lamina surface; apex acute,

ultimately apiculate with extension from

midrib up to 0.2 mm long and terminated by a

small brownish coloured gland; base obtuse;

midvein impressed adaxially, abaxially raised,

angular, glabrous and smooth on abaxial face,

stellate-pubescent laterally; marginal glands

present at base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib,

0.1-0.2 mm across, sessile or stipitate with

stipes up to 0.2 mm long. Inflorescences of a

single flower, pedunculate, axillary or terminal

on a rudimentary, short branchlet in distal leaf

axils; peduncles 1-6 mm long; bracts 2-5,

persistent, linear-ovate or lorate, 0.8-2.6(-7)

mm long, 0.4-0.5(-l) mm wide, acute at tip,

glabrous. Male flowers sessile or pedicellate

with pedicels up to 2 mm long, glabrous; calyx

lobes 5, light green, elliptic or oblong-elliptic,

4-5.1 mm long, 2.1-3.5 mm wide, rounded at

tip, glabrous; androecium 2.8-6 mm long, 0.7-

0.8 mm across; stamens 55-77; filaments c.

0.1 mm long; anthers 0.8-1.2 mm long.

Female flowers pedicellate; pedicels 2.8-4.0

mm long, glabrous; calyx 5-lobed, light green;

tube c. 0.1 mm long; lobes equal, erect,

recurved to revolute distally, linear-ovate or

linear-oblong, 1.8-5.5 mm long, 0.6-1.1 mm

wide, acute at tip, glabrous, with margins

entire; petals absent; ovary narrowly ellipsoid,

1.8-2.5 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm across, 3(rarely

5)-locular, glabrous, verrucose; style with

glabrous column 0.8-1.3 mm long and 3

ascending limbs; limbs red, 3.5-6 mm long,

0.3-0.4 mm wide, deeply 2- or 3-lobed; lobes

1.5-4.1 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide. Capsule

narrowly ovoid or pyriform, 8.5-12 mm long,

4-5.5 mm across, glabrous, usually 1-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes < to half the capsule

length. Seed obloid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 5.4-

6.9 mm long, 2.9-3.7 mm wide, 2.8-3.5 mm

across, light brown to dark brown; caruncle

pyramidal, 1.4-2.0 mm across, 1.0-1.8 mm

long, creamy-white.

Affinities: Bertya lapicola seems closely

related to B. pedicellata but can be

distinguished from that by its smaller habit (up

to 2 m compared with up to 6 m tall), glabrous

rather than sparsely stellate-pubescent

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

213

branchlets, shorter petioles (0.9-1.2 mm long

compared with 1.5-5.2 mm long) and linear

rather than mostly linear-obovate or linear-

elliptic leaf laminas.

Etymology : The specific epithet is derived

from Latin, lapis (stone) and -cola (-dweller),

and refers to the rocky sandstone sites where

this species occurs.

Notes: This species is confined to the south¬

east of Queensland where it has disjunct

populations within its overall distribution. Two

subspecies are therefore recognized here.

Shrubs to 2 m high; leaf laminas (2.5)3.5-5.5 cm long; basi-laminar glands

with stipes up to 0.2 mm long; peduncles of male flowers slender,

4-6 mm long.12a. B. lapicola subsp. lapicola

Shrubs to 1.5(rarely 2) m high; leaf laminas 1.5-3.0(4.0) cm long;

basi-laminar glands sessile; peduncles of male flowers stout,

1-4 mm long.12b. lapicola subsp. brevifolia

12a. Bertya lapicola Halford & R.J.F.Hend.

subsp. lapicola

Bertya sp. (Helidon Hills G.Leiper

AQ457013), Forster & Halford (2002,

p. 69).

For differences between subspecies see key

above. Fig. 5.

Additional specimens : Queensland. Moreton District:

Alice Creek, 7.5 km ESE of Murphys Creek rail siding, Aug

1990, Forster & Bird PIF7102 (BRI); Portion 43V, Parish

of Helidon, Aug 1989, Grimshaw GS49 (BRI); White

Mountain State Forest 564, 5 km NE of Murphys Creek

township, Sep 1993, Halford Q1877 (BRI); Helidon Hills,

c. lOkmNNW of Helidon township, Sep 1989 , Henderson

& Guymer H3234 (BRI); western end of David’s road, on

portion 43V, Helidon, Aug 1989, Leiper (BRI); Helidon Hills,

high cliffs N of Paradise Creek, Sep 1993, Sparshott &

Sparshott 110 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya lapicola

subsp. lapicola is confined to the sandstone

hills north of Helidon in south-east Queensland

(Map 15). It is recorded from sandy soils on

steep hill slopes or along cliff lines in open

forest communities dominated by Eucalyptus

fibrosa subsp. nubila (Maiden & Blakely)

L.A.S.Johnson, E. acmenoides Schauer,

Corymbia henryi (S.T.Blake) K.D.Hill &

L.A.S.Johnson, E. baileyana F.Muell. and

Lysicarpus angustifolius (Hook.) Druce.

Phenology: Flowers have been collected from

June to September, with one collection in April,

fruits from April, August to October and

December.

12b. Bertya lapicola subsp. brevifolia Halford

& R.J.F.Hend. subsp. nov. ab B. lapicola

Halford & R.J.F.Hend. subsp. lapicola

foliis plerumque brevioribus (1.5-

3.0(4.0) cm non (2.5)3.5-5 cm longis),

glandibus ad basin laminarum sessilibus

non stipitibus usque ad 0.2 mm longis et

floribus masculinis pedunculis 1-4 mm

longis et crassis non 4-6 mm longis et

gracilibus differt. Typus: Queensland.

Leichhardt District: Salvator Rosa

National Park, 170 km SW of Springsure,

September 1987, M.B. Thomas 240 (holo:

BRI).

Bertya sp. (Oakey Creek B.O’Keeffe 822),

Forster & Halford (2002, p. 69).

For differences between subspecies see key

above.

Selected specimens (from 21 examined): Queensland.

Leichhardt District: Pythagoras Mt, Salvator Rosa National

Park, Oct 1981, Ballingall & Cockburn MEB426 (BRI);

ditto, in 1984 Ballingall MEB1178 (BRI); just E of Planet

Creek, Planet Downs, E of Rolleston, Oct 1998, Bean 14220

(BRI); Nathan Gorge, Oct 1989, Bean 1133 (BRI); Robinson

Gorge National Park, Sep 1992, Forster & SharpeVW 11360

(BRI, NSW); SW base of Shepherds Peak, Robinson Creek,

Expedition National Park, Sep 1995, Forster & Figg

PIF17762 (BRI); Nathan Gorge, SW of Cracow, Aug 1990,

Forster PIF7165 (BRI); 2 miles [c. 3 km] N of Mt Playfair,

Aug 1966, Gittins 1170 (NSW); Oakey Creek, Expedition

Gully, Oct 1984, O’Keeffe 813 (BRI); ditto, Oct 1984,

O’Keeffe 822 (BRI); ditto, Sep 1990, O’Keeffe 966 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya lapicola

subsp. brevifolia is geographically disjunct

214

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Fig. 5. Bertya lapicola subsp. lapicola. A. branchlet with flowers. x0.8. B. female flower from side. x4. C. fruit from side.

x4. D. transverse section of leaf. xl6. E. abaxial view of leaf apex. xl6. F. section of branchlet. x4. G. ventral view of seed. x4.

H. dorsal view of seed. x4. A, C-H from Henderson & Guymer H3234 (BRI); B from Forster PIF7102 & Bird (BRI).

Del. W. Smith.

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

215

from B. lapicola subsp. lapicola (Map 16).

B. lapicola subsp. brevifolia is confined to the

Carnarvon and Expedition Ranges, in the

Springsure - Injune area of central Queensland.

It grows in open eucalypt forest or open

Eucalyptus/Callitris woodland communities

associated with sandstone outcrops. The soils

are generally recorded as shallow and sandy.

Affinities : This subspecies differs from the

other subspecies by its generally shorter leaves

and stouter and shorter pedicels of the male

flowers.

Etymology : The subspecific epithet is from

Latin brevis (short) and -folius (-leaved), and

refers to the comparatively shorter leaves which

characterize this subspecies.

13. Bertya linearifolia Halford & R.J.F.Hend.

sp. nov. arte affinis B. lapicola Halford

& R.J.F.Hend. ut videtur sed ramulis

stellato-pubescentibus non glabris, foliis

laminis 12-18 mm non 15-55 mm

longis, et bracteis in inflorescentiis

caducis non persistentibus differt.

Nonnulla specimina B. linearifoliae pro

B. cunninghamii Planch, determinata sed

B. linearifolia differt ab B. cunninghamii

floribus femineis pedicellis longioribus

(2.5-5.0 mm non 0.3-1.0 mm longis),

capsulis grandioribus (9-11 x 3.2-3.5

mm non 4.8-7.2 x 2.9-4.2 mm), et foliis

ad apicem acutis et apiculo non rotundis,

obtusis vel truncatis. Typus: New South

Wales. Upper Baerami Valley, 30 km

from Sandy Hollow, 17 July 1988, C.

Gibson & R. Miller [NSW216894] (holo:

NSW).

Monoecious, much branched shrubs, viscid on

young shoots and branchlets. Branchlets

angular, becoming terete with age, with a

sparse indumentum of stellate hairs,

glabrescent, sparsely tuberculate; hairs

stipitate, white, 0.3-0.4 mm across, with stipes

up to 0.1 mm long. Leaves petiolate, spirally

alternate, ascending to spreading; petiole

plano-convex, 1.0-1.5 mm long, glabrous,

smooth; lamina linear, 12-18 mm long, 1.0-

1.3 mm wide; adaxial surface green, glabrous,

± smooth; abaxial surface white, sparsely to

densely hairy with sessile stellate hairs c. 0.1

mm across; margin recurved to midrib

concealing abaxial surface; apex acute,

ultimately apiculate by extension of midrib to

0.2 mm long terminated by a small brownish

coloured gland; base cuneate; midvein

obscured or slightly impressed adaxially,

abaxially raised, angular, glabrous and smooth

on abaxial face, stellate-pubescent laterally;

marginal glands present at base of lamina, 1

each side of midrib, 0.1-0.3 mm across, sessile

or stipitate with stipes up to 0.1 mm long.

Inflorescences of a single flower, pedunculate,

axillary or sometimes terminal on a

rudimentary, short branchlet in distal leaf axils;

peduncles 2-3 mm long; bracts 2-5, persistent

or caducous, lorate, 1.0-1.8 mm long, 0.3-0.4

mm wide, rounded at tip, glabrous. Male

flowers sessile or pedicellate with pedicels up

to 1 mm long, glabrous; calyx lobes 5, of

unknown colour when fresh, oblong-elliptic,

3.5-4.0 mm long, 2.0-2.3 mm wide, rounded

at tip, glabrous; androecium 2.7-3.2 mm long,

0.4-0.5 mm across; stamens 25-35; filaments

c. 0.1 mm long; anthers c. 0.6 mm long.

Female flowers pedicellate; pedicels 2.5-5.0

mm long, glabrous; calyx 5-lobed, of unknown

colour when fresh; tube c. 0.1 mm long; lobes

equal, erect, linear-ovate or linear-oblong, c.

2.5 mm long, c. 1.0 mm wide, obtuse at tip,

glabrous, with margins entire; petals absent;

ovary narrowly ellipsoid, c. 2 mm long, c. 1

mm across, 3-locular, glabrous, smooth; style

with glabrous column c. 1 mm long and 3

ascending limbs; limbs of unknown colour

when fresh, 3.0-3.5 mm long, c. 0.3 mm wide,

entire or deeply 2- or 3-lobed; lobes 1.5-3.5

mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide. Capsule narrowly

ovoid or pyriform, 8.5-10 mm long, 3.2-5.2

mm across, glabrous, usually 1-seeded;

persistent calyx < half the capsule length. Seed

not seen. Fig. 6 & 7.

Additional specimen : New South Wales. Denman, Jul

1924, Laseron [NSW194999](NSW).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya linearifolia

is restricted the Denman - Sandy Hollow area

in the Central Western Slopes of New South

Wales (Map 17). It is recorded as growing on

a ridge in association with Eucalyptus species,

Prostanthera cryptandroides A.Cunn. ex

Benth. and Hemigenia cuneifolia Benth.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits have been

recorded in July.

216

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Fig. 6. Bertya linearifolia. A. female flower from side. x6. B. fruit from side. x4. C. transverse section of leaf. xl6. D. abaxial

view of leaf apex. xl6. A-D from Gibson & Millar [NSW216894] (NSW). Del. W. Smith.

Affinities: Bertya linearifolia seems most

closely related to B. lapicola from which it can

be distinguished by having stellate-pubescent

rather than glabrous branchlets, shorter leaf

laminas (12-18 mm compared with 15-55 mm

long) and caducous rather than persistent

bracts.

Specimens of B. linearifolia have

previously been identified as B. cunninghamii

but can be distinguished from that by the longer

pedicels on female flowers (2.5-5.0 mm long

compared with 0.3-1.0 mm long), larger

capsules (9-11 x 3.2-3.5 mm compared with

4.8-7.2 x 2.9-4.2 mm) and by the prominent

apiculum at the leaf tips.

Etymology : The specific epithet is derived

from Latin linearis (linear) and -folius (-

leaved), and refers to the linear leaves of the

species.

14. Bertya mollissima Blakely, Contr. New

South Wales Natl Herb. 1: 120 (1941).

Type: [New South Wales.]

Warrumbungle Ranges, October 1899, W.

Forsyth (holo: NSW, photo BRI).

Monoecious (sometimes predominantly male

or predominantly female), much branched

shrubs up to 3 m high. Branchlets ± terete,

with a moderately dense to dense indumentum

of stellate hairs, becoming glabrous with age,

though remaining tuberculate by persistent hair

bases; hairs sessile or stipitate, straw-coloured

to golden-yellow, 0.4-0.6 mm across; stipes up

to 0.2 mm long. Leaves petiolate, spirally

alternate, spreading; petiole ± plano-convex,

0.8-2.2 mm long, glabrous adaxially, with a

moderately dense stellate-pubescent

indumentum up to 0.2 mm thick abaxially;

lamina linear to lorate, oblong or rarely

narrowly elliptic, 6-24 mm long, 1.4-3.7 mm

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

217

NATIONAL HERBARIUM OF NEW SOOTH WALES (NSW)

Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney

NSW 216894

Beriya curminghamii Planch,

Del. by

Family: EUPHORBIACEAE

Loc.: Upper Baerami Valley, 30 km from Sandy Hollow.

Australia Stale: NSW Subdiv.r CWS

Lai. 32°24' "S Long. 150°29’ "E Alt. m.

Coll,: C. Gibson s.n. R. Miller Date: 17 Jul 1988

NSW

LOAN: £?

Notes: On ridge in association with scattered Eucalyptus

spp„ Prostanthera cryptandroides, Hemigenia cuneifolia.

Locally frequent.

Queensland Herbarium (BRI)

Vjift «*.<■. Wei-**, \Wi.

'nOL C 3Avf £

Det.'DAWSori Datenbu«tlot»

Dups. to

Fig. 7. Type of Bertya linearifiolia,

218

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

wide; adaxial surface green, densely hairy with

stipitate stellate hairs, 0.3-0.4 mm across,

glabrescent, tuberculate with persistent hair

bases; abaxial surface white, densely hairy with

sessile and shortly stipitate stellate hairs 0.4-

0.5 mm across; margin recurved; apex obtuse

to rounded; base obtuse to cuneate; midvein

impressed adaxially, abaxially raised and

angular, stellate-pubescent with straw-coloured

hairs on abaxial face and white hairs laterally;

marginal glands absent or occasionally present

at base of lamina when 1 each side of midrib,

c. 0.1 mm across, stipitate with stipes 0.1-0.2

mm long. Inf lorescences of a single flower,

pedunculate, axillary; peduncles 1-1.6 mm

long; bracts 5-7, persistent; ovate or linear-

ovate, 1.5-3.2 mm long, 0.5-1.7 mm wide,

acute at tip, stellate-pubescent abaxially,

glabrous or stellate-pubescent distally

adaxially. Male flowers sessile; calyx lobes 5,

yellowish to brown, ovate, 3.1-4 mm long, 2.3-

3.2 mm wide, obtuse to rounded at tip, stellate-

pubescent abaxially; androecium 3.0-3.7 mm

long, 0.5-0.8 mm across; stamens 36-63;

filaments c. 0.1 mm long; anthers 0.7-0.8 mm

long. Female flowers sessile; calyx 5-lobed,

light green to grey-white; tube c. 0.5 mm long;

lobes equal, erect, narrowly ovate to ovate, 2.0-

2.7 mm long, 0.8-1.4 mm wide, acute at tip,

densely stellate-pubescent abaxially, glabrous

adaxially, with margins entire; petals absent;

ovary ovoid, 1.6-2.0 mm long, 1.5-1.6 mm

across, 3-locular, densely stellate-pubescent;

style with hairy column 0.1-0.2 mm long and

3 spreading limbs; limbs red, 1.5-2.3 mm long,

c. 0.4 mm wide, deeply 2- to 4-lobed; lobes

0.8-1.7 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide. Capsule

narrowly ellipsoid or narrowly ovoid, 5.5-7.6

mm long, 2.6-3.6 mm across, glabrous except

for a sparse to moderately dense indumentum

of stellate hairs distally, usually 1-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes c. l A the capsule length.

Seed ovoid, c. 5.2 mm long, c. 2.5 mm wide,

c. 2.1 mm across, light brown; caruncle

pyramidal, c. 1.1 mm across, c. 0.8 mm long,

yellowish-white.

Selected specimens (from 20 examined): New South

Wales. Mt Kaputar, Mt Kaputar National Park, Nov 1976,

Coveny & Roy 8872 (NSW); Mt Kaputar National Park at

West Kaputar Lookout, Aug 1987, Coveny etal. 12723 (BRI,

MEL, NSW); 0.4 km NE of Burrumbuckle Rock,

Warrumbungle Range, Oct 1978, Crisp 4404 (CANB); Mt

Kaputar National Park, West Kaputar Rock, Nov 1993,

Forster & Machin PIF14190 (BRI, NSW); Warrumbungle

Ranges, Oct 1899, Forsyth (NSW); summit area of Mt

Kaputar, Mt Kaputar National Park, Nov 1987, Fox 87/091

(CANB); Mt Kaputar, Sep 1976, Hassall 7670 (BRI);

summit of Mt Kaputar, Mt Kaputar National Park, Oct 1990,

Henderson & Turpin H3485 (BRI); ditto, Oct 1990,

Henderson & Turpin H3487 (BRI); West Kaputar Rock

Lookout, Mt Kaputar National Park, Oct 1990, Henderson

& Turpin H3483 (BRI); ditto, Oct 1990, Henderson &

Turpin H3484 (BRI); Mt Kaputar, Sep 1949, Ingram

(NSW); peak of Mt Kaputar, Mt Kaputar National Park, Nov

1992, Kennedy et al. 469 (NSW); “Belmont”, 42 mi les [c.

67 km] E from Scone, Jun 1939, Rupp (BRI, NSW); near

Mt Wombelong, Warrumbungle Range, Dec 1973, Streimann

H5557 (CANB, NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya mollissima

is confined to central New South Wales from

Mt Kaputar, Warrumbungle and Liverpool

Ranges to the Scone and Singleton districts

(Map 18). It is recorded from rocky sites on

steep hillsides and on mountain summits in

open heath or open eucalypt woodland

communities. Soils are shallow grey sandy or

gravelly loams overlying basalt, trachyte or

andesite.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded from

September to December, with one record in

June, fruits in December.

Notes: Collections from Mt Kaputar (e.g.

Coveny et al 12723 (BRI, MEL, NSW),

Henderson & Turpin H3485 (BRI)) have

narrower leaves than do collections from other

populations of the species. These may

represent a distinct variety but study of further

material from throughout the species’ range

would be needed to confirm this.

15. Bertya oblonga Blakely, Proc. Linn. Soc.

New South Wales 54: 682, pi. 29 (1929).

Type: [New South Wales.] Pinecliffe, 7

November 1907, W.F. Blakely (holo:

NSW [NSW194889]; iso: MEL

[MEL114086], K).

Bertya species D, James & Harden (1990,

p. 416).

Monoecious or dioecious, intricately branched

shrubs to 1.8 m high, viscid on adaxial leaf

surfaces and flower buds. Branchlets + terete,

with a dense indumentum of stellate hairs;

hairs sessile, pale straw-coloured or grey-white,

up to 0.1 mm across. Leaves petiolate, spirally

alternate, ascending to spreading; petiole

plano-convex, 1.3-2.2 mm long, with a dense

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

219

stellate-pubescent indumentum up to 0.1 mm

thick; lamina narrowly oblong to lorate or

sometimes linear, 8-23 mm long, 1.3-3 mm

wide; adaxial surface green, glabrous; abaxial

surface white, densely hairy with + sessile

stellate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm across; margin flat

to recurved or rarely re volute; apex rounded

or obtuse; base obtuse; midvein impressed

adaxially, abaxially slightly raised, rounded or

slightly angular, with moderately dense

indumentum of stellate hairs; marginal glands

usually present at base of lamina, 1 each side

of midrib, 0.1-0.15 mm across, sessile or

stipitate with stipes up to 0.2 mm long.

Inflorescences of a single, flower, pedunculate,

axillary; peduncles 1.5-2.5 mm long; bracts

2-8, caducous or persistent; outer bracts

narrowly triangular, narrowly ovate or oblong,

0.8-2.1 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, acute or

obtuse at tip, stellate-pubescent abaxially,

glabrous adaxially; inner bracts narrowly ovate,

1.3- 1.6 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, acute at

tip, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent

abaxially. Male flowers sessile or pedicellate

with pedicels 0.4-1 mm long, stellate-

pubescent; calyx lobes 5, yellow-green with a

reddish blush distally, ovate or oblong-elliptic,

3.1-4.1 mm long, 1.7-2.7 mm wide, rounded

at tip, glabrous; androecium 3.5-5.5 mm long,

0.4-0.6 mm across; stamens 31-43; filaments

0.1-0.5 mm long; anthers 1.0-1.4 mm long.

Female flowers pedicellate; pedicels 0.4-1.2

mm long, densely stellate-pubescent; calyx 5-

lobed, light green coloured; tube 0.3-0.5 mm

long; lobes + equal, erect, narrowly triangular,

1.5-2.0 mm long, 0.5-1.0 mm wide, acute at

tip, sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent

abaxially, glabrous adaxially, with margins

entire; petals absent; ovary ellipsoid, 1.8-2.0

mm long, 1.7-1.8 mm across, 3-locular,

densely stellate-pubescent; style with hairy

column 0.1-0.3 mm long and 3 spreading

limbs; limbs red, 1.5-3.1 mm long, 0.3-0.8

mm wide, deeply 3-lobed; lobes 0.7-2 mm

long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide. Capsule ovoid-

ellipsoid, 7.5-9 mm long, 3.9-4.8 mm across,

with a sparse to moderately dense indumentum

of stellate hairs, usually 1-seeded; persistent

calyx lobes < half the capsule length. Seed

obloid, 4.5-6.0 mm long, 2.9-3.2 mm wide,

2.4- 2.8 mm across, dark brown or reddish

brown; caruncle pyramidal, 1.5-1.8 mm

across, 0.8-1 mm long, yellowish-white.

Selected specimens (from 27 examined): New South

Wales. The Gap, Cumnock, Althofer (NSW); Eurimbula

Gap, near Larras Lee, in 1970, Althofer (NSW); The Gap,

on Cumnock to Larras Lee road, NNW of Molong, Oct 1990,

Henderson & Turpin H3480 (BRI); ditto, Sep 1989,

Henderson & Turpin H3247 (BRI, NSW); ditto, Oct 1990,

Henderson & Turpin H3481 (BRI); ditto, Sep 1989,

Henderson & Turpin H3248 (BRI, NSW); near Pinecliffe,

c. 10 km SW of Molong, Sep 1989, Henderson & Turpin

H3249 (BRI, CANB, NSW); ditto, Oct 1990, Henderson

& Turpin H3478 (BRI); ditto, Oct 1990, Henderson &

Turpin H3479 (BRI); The Gap, along road to Larras Lee, c.

17 km NW of Molong, Nov 1987, James 912 (BRI, NSW);

Bohena Creek to Boggabri, Aug 1911, Jensen (NSW); ditto,

Aug 1911 , Jensen (NSW); c. 9 km SW of Molong, Bocoble

Gap, Oct 1992, Makinson 1199 (CANB, MEL, NSW);

Bocoble Gap, c. 9 km (direct) SW of Molong, Oct 1992,

Makinson 1198 (BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW); ditto, Oct

1992, Makinson 1197 (BRI, CANB, K, MEL, NSW);

Kandos Weir, Aug 1990, Ollerenshaw 51 (BRI, CANB);

Willala Gap, 55 km S of Narrabri, Dec 1973, Streimann

HS744 (BRI); ditto, Dec 1973, Streimann HS741 (AD).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya oblonga is

confined to central New South Wales in

scattered localities from Boggabri southwards

to Molong and east to near Denman (Map 19).

It is recorded from rocky sites on ridge tops or

steep hillsides in open shrubland, eucalypt

woodland or forest communities. Soils are

recorded as shallow sands or loams overlying

sandstone or shale.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded from

July to October, fruits in October and

December.

Affinities : Bertya oblonga is similar to

B. glandulosa from the south-east of

Queensland. B. oblonga can be distinguished

from that species by its glabrous adaxial leaf

lamina surface, narrowly triangular calyx lobes

in the female flower, and the stellate-pubescent

abaxial surface of calyx lobes.

Notes: This species as accepted here shows

some variation in the width of the leaf laminas.

In general, the western populations (e.g. Jenson

[NSW194891]; McKay [NSW465750]) tend to

have narrower leaves with a more revolute

margin than those in the type material, and

collections from near Cumnock (e.g. Althofer

[NSW194913]; Henderson & Turpin H3480)

have shorter and broader leaf laminas with the

margins less recurved than those in the type

material. Although not formally recognized

here, this variation warrants further field

research.

220

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

16. Bertya oleifolia Planch., London J. Bot.

4: 473, t. 16, fig. 1 (1845). Type: New

South Wales. In arid country on the west

of Wellington Valley, in 1825,

A. Cunningham 49 (holo: K).

Bertya polymorpha Baill., Adansonia 6:

298/301 (1866), nom. illeg; Bertya

polymorpha Baill. forma polymorpha,

Baill. loc. cit., nom. illeg. Type: New

South Wales. In arid country on the west

of Wellington Valley, in 1825,

A. Cunningham 49 (lecto, here chosen:

K).

Ricinocarpos mitchellii Sond., Linnaea 28:

563 (1857); Bertya mitchellii (Sond.)

Miill.Arg., Linnaea 34: 63 (1865);

Bertya mitchellii (Sond.) Mull.Arg.var.

mitchellii. Griming in A.Engler,

Pflanzenr. H.58: 61 (1913). Type:

[Queensland.] Nov. Holl. subtropica,

[without date,] Sir T. Mitchell (lecto,

here chosen: MEL (ex herb. Sonder)

[MEL2062904]; isolecto: MEL

[MEL114087, MEL2065936], K).

Bertya polymorpha forma genuina, Baill.,

Adansonia 6: 299 (1866), nom. inval.

Bertya mitchellii var. genuina Griming in

A.Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 61 (1913),

nom. inval.

Monoecious or sometimes dioecious, much

branched shrubs to 2.5 m high, viscid on

flowers buds. Branchlets ± terete, with a dense

indumentum of stellate hairs, becoming

glabrous with age though remaining minutely

tuberculate by persistent hair bases; hairs

sessile or stipitate with stipes up to 0.3 mm

long, white, 0.2-0.4 mm across. Leaves

petiolate, spirally alternate, spreading; petiole

plano-convex, 1.7-4 mm long, with a dense

stellate-pubescent indumentum up to 0.2 mm

thick; lamina linear-obovate to narrowly

obovate or linear-elliptic to narrowly elliptic,

25-54 mm long, 2-8 mm wide; adaxial surface

light green or grey-green, sparsely hairy with

stipitate stellate hairs up to 0.2 mm across,

glabrescent, minutely tuberculate with

persistent hair bases; abaxial surface white,

densely hairy with sessile and shortly stipitate

hairs 0.2-0.5 mm across; margin recurved to

revolute; apex acute, obtuse or rounded, rarely

ultimately apiculate with extension from

midrib up to 0.1 mm long terminated by a small

gland; base obtuse to cuneate; midvein

impressed adaxially, abaxially raised, angular,

densely stellate-pubescent on all surfaces;

marginal glands usually present at base of

lamina, 1 each side of midrib, 0.1-0.2 mm

across, mostly stipitate with stipes up to 0.2

mm long. Inflorescences of a single flower or

sometimes umbelliform with 2 flowers,

pedunculate, axillary; peduncles up to 1.5 mm

long; bracts 7-12, persistent; outer bracts

narrowly ovate to ovate, 2.2-5 mm long, 1.5-

2.9 mm wide, obtuse to rounded or acute at

tip, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially,

glabrous or stellate-pubescent distally

adaxially; inner bracts ovate to broadly ovate

or orbicular, 2.0-4.2 mm long, 2.2-2.7 mm

wide, obtuse to rounded at tip, glabrous or

stellate-pubescent adaxially. Male flowers

sessile or pedicellate with pedicels up to 1.5

mm long, glabrous except for scattered stellate

hairs; calyx lobes 5, light green to yellowish

coloured, ovate to ovate-elliptic or oblong-

elliptic, 4.4-6.6 mm long, 2.5-3.8 mm wide,

acute or rounded at tip, glabrous; androecium

4-6.7 mm long, 0.4-0.8 mm across; stamens

32-75; filaments c. 0.1 mm long; anthers 0.9-

1.1 mm long. Female flowers sessile or shortly

pedicellate with pedicels up to 0.5 mm long

and glabrous; calyx 5-lobed, light green

coloured; tube 0.3-0.6 mm long; lobes + equal,

erect, recurved distally, narrowly obovate to

obovate, oblong-elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 3.3-

5.2 mm long in flower, up to 8.3 mm long in

fruit, 1.6-2.8 mm wide, acute to obtuse at tip,

glabrous or sometimes with scattered stellate

hairs abaxially, glabrous adaxially, with

margins entire; petals rudimentary, up to 0.6

mm long, ovate or clavate, + glabrous; ovary

subglobose to ellipsoid, 1.5-2.0 mm long, 1.6-

1.8 mm across, 3-locular, stellate-pubescent;

style with hairy column 0.3-0.8 mm long and

3 spreading limbs; limbs red to maroon, 3.5-

4.1 mm long, 0.4-0.7 mm wide, deeply 3- or

4-lobed; lobes 1.5-3.5 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm

wide. Capsule ellipsoid, 6.5-8.5 mm long,

3.8-4.8 mm across, with a sparse to moderately

dense indumentum of stellate hairs, usually 1-

seeded; persistent calyx lobes > half the capsule

length. Seed obloid or obloid-ellipsoid, 4.9-6

mm long, 3.0-3.7 mm wide, 2.2-3.3 mm

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

221

across, dark brown and mottled with grey;

caruncle pyramidal, 1.6-2.2 mm across, 1.2-

1.4 mm long, yellowish-white.

Selected specimens (from 107 examined): Queensland.

South Kennedy District: 8 1 km NNE of Jericho, Jul 1993,

Thompson & Figg GAL171 (BRI). Leichhardt District:

near Get Down, Robinson Gorge, Expedition National Park,

Sep 1995, Forster & Figg PIF17728 (BRI); 80 km E of

Tambo on Springsure road, Sep 1974, Gittins 2779 (BRI,

NSW); 38.1 km ENE of Taroom, Spring Creek Station, Sep

1996, Halford & Dowling Q3114 (AD, BRI, MEL);

Carnarvon Gorge National Park, Salvador Rosa section,

along track to Spyglass Peak, Aug 1990, Henderson H3398

(BRI); Salvator Rosa National Park, Major Mitchell Springs,

Sep 1987, Thomas 210 (BRI). Warrego District: on 4WD

road from Tambo to Springsure via Carwell Station, c. 70

km from Tambo, Oct 1987, Henderson H3097 (BRI).

Maranoa District: 10 miles [c. 16 km] SW of Yuleba on

Surat road, Aug 1956, Everist 5814 (BRI, CANB). Darling

Downs District: 26 miles [c. 42 km] E of Westmar, Aug

1961, Pedley 796 (BRI, CANB). Moreton District: Bulls

Falls Lookout, Mt Mee State Forest, W of Mt Mee, Jun 1998,

Bean 13313 (BRI); E of ‘Fair Hills’, SW of Cooyar, Aug

1996, Bean 10596 (BRI, NSW); Cainbable Road, 16.8 km

SSE of Beaudesert, Oct 1997, Halford Q3420 (BRI, MEL).

New South Wales. MacIntyre Falls Fauna and Flora Reserve,

c. 22 kmNNW of Ashford, Oct 1990, Coveny & Makinson

14436 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); 5 km SE of Mt Wambo,

Sep 1974, Coveny & Jacobs 5597 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL,

NSW); Huntingdale, Capertee Valley, headwaters of Emu

Swamp Creek, 4 km E of Genowlan Mountain, Jul 1995,

Crawford 3067 (CANB); Shoalhaven River, c. 4 km

downstream from Tallowa Dam, Nov 1988, Davies &

Richardson 724 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); c. 2 miles [3.6

km] E of Doyle’s Creek (W of Jerry’s Plains), Sep 1965,

Johnson (NSW); “Darrowby”, 3.5 km W of Broke along

the Milbrodale Road, Hunter Valley, Aug 1985, Palmer 34

(CANB); Goulbum R. (Karrabee - Bylong) Hunter Valley,

Apr 1983, Tame 958 (NSW); Darkey Creek, S of Milbrodale,

Windsor/Singleton road, Sep 1972, Williams (BRI, CANB,

NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya oleifolia is

widespread in eastern Australia from Jericho,

in central Queensland, southwards to Ashford,

in northern New South Wales, and further

south from Rylstone to Nowra, in southern New

South Wales (Map 20). It grows in a variety of

community types including tall open

shrubland, woodland and open forest

communities. Soils are recorded as mostly

sandy often rocky and overlying sandstone

substrates.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded from

May to November, fruits from August to

December.

Notes: To fix the application of Baillon’s

illegitimate Bertya polymorpha, the holotype

of B. oleifolia Planch., included by Baillon in

his concept of B. polymorpha , is here selected

as lectotype of Baillon’s name.

The name Bertya mitchellii (Sond.)

Miill.Arg. has been misapplied in the past

(Bentham 1873, Weber 1986, James and

Harden 1990, Jeanes 1999) to a taxon that is

widespread in southern Australia here referred

to as B. tasmanica subsp. vestita.

The misapplication appears to have been

initiated by Jean Muller (1865) when he

transferred Ricinocarpos mitchellii Sond. to

Bertya. There, he cited Sonder’s original name

and place of publication as well as a specimen

“Murray-River (F. Mueller in hb. Hook.)”.

Sonder’s Ricinocarpos mitchellii is based

on a Major T. Mitchell collection from near

Mantuan Downs in central Queensland and J.

Muller’s new name is therefore typified by the

type of its basionym. An examination of

Ferdinand Mueller’s collection from the

Murray River and the type of Ricinocarpos

mitchellii Sond. revealed that they are not of

the same taxon. Mueller’s collection labelled

‘Murray River’ is referable to the taxon here

named B. tasmanica subsp. vestita, while

Mitchell’s collection from Mantuan Downs is

referable to the species B. oleifolia as

circumscribed here.

17. Bertya opponens (F.Muell. ex Benth.)

Guymer, Austrobaileya2(2): 147 (1985);

Croton opponens F.Muell. ex Benth., FI.

Austral. 6: 125/6 (1873). Type:

Queensland, [without date and name of

collector] (holo: MEL [MEL604903]).

Bertya oppositifolia F.Muell. & O’Shanesy,

S. Sci. Rec. 2(5): 98 (1882). Type:

[Queensland.] on sandy ridge west of

Nogoa-River, in 1879, P.A. O’Shanesy

(lecto: MEL [MEL104213], fide G.P.

Guymer, Austrobaileya 2(2): 147

(1985)).

Bertya species A, James & Harden (1990,

p. 418).

Illustration: G.M. Cunningham et al.

(1982, p. 453).

222

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Monoecious or dioecious, much branched

shrubs or small trees up to 5 m high, viscid on

flower buds. Branchlets ± terete, with a dense

indumentum of stellate hairs, somewhat

floccose, becoming glabrous with age; hairs

sessile or stipitate with stipes up to 0.8 mm

long, mostly white or sometimes pale rusty-

brown, 0.2-0.8 mm across. Leaves petiolate,

opposite or sometimes subopposite, spreading;

petiole plano-convex, 4-9 mm long, with a

dense stellate-pubescent indumentum up to 0.2

mm thick; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic,

oblong-elliptic, narrowly oblong or narrowly

oblong-obovate, (25-)35-72 mm long, 6-22

mm wide; adaxial surface green to dark green,

with a sparse to moderately dense indumentum

of sessile or shortly stipitate stellate hairs 0.2-

0.4 mm across, glabrescent, smooth or minutely

tuberculate with persistent leaf bases; abaxial

surface mostly white or sometimes pale rusty

brown along midrib, densely hairy with sessile

and stipitate stellate hairs 0.4-1.0 mm across;

margin slightly to distinctly recurved; apex

rounded or obtuse; base obtuse or slightly

attenuate; midvein impressed adaxially,

abaxially raised and + rounded, densely

stellate-pubescent; marginal glands present at

base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib, 0.1-0.2

mm across, sessile or stipitate with stipes 0.2-

0.5 mm long. Inflorescences of a single flower

or umbelliform with 2 or 3 flowers,

pedunculate, axillary; peduncles up to 2 mm

long; bracts 4-7, persistent, oblong or ovate to

broadly ovate, 2-4.4 mm long, 1.9-3 mm wide,

rounded to obtuse or acute at tip, densely

stellate-pubescent to glabrous abaxially, mostly

glabrous adaxially. Male flowers sessile; calyx

lobes 4 (sometimes 5), of unknown colour when

fresh, elliptic, 7-9.5 mm long, 4-6.5 mm wide,

rounded at tip, glabrous; androecium 6.0-13.0

mm long, 1.5—1.7 mm across; stamens 77-114;

filaments 0.1-0.5 mm long; anthers 1.3-1.8

mm long. Female flowers sessile or rarely

pedicellate with pedicels up to 2 mm long and

glabrous; calyx 4(rarely 5)-lobed, light green

coloured; tube 0.4-1 mm long; lobes equal or

unequal, erect, recurved distally, ovate to

broadly ovate, 5-5.7 mm long, 3.4-5.2 mm

wide, obtuse to rounded at tip, glabrous, with

margins entire; petals rudimentary, up to 1.6

mm long and 0.7 mm wide, ovate, glabrous;

ovary subglobose, 1.8-2.8 mm long, 1.8-2.1

mm across, 3-locular, densely stellate-villose;

style with hairy column 0.4-1.0 mm long and

3 spreading limbs; limbs yellow-green to red,

5-8 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, deeply 4- to

6(rarely 8)-lobed; lobes 1.8-5.5 mm long, 0.3-

0.7 mm wide. Capsule ovoid to subglobose,

9-14 mm long, 9-13 mm across, densely

stellate-villose, usually 3-seeded; persistent

calyx lobes < half the capsule length. Seed

obloid, 7.5-8.9 mm long, 3.8-4.0 mm wide,

2.8-3.1 mm across, light to dark brown;

caruncle pyramidal, c. 2.6 mm across, c. 1.8

mm long, yellowish-white.

Selected specimens (from 48 examined): Queensland.

Burke District: Bertya Creek, W of ‘Warang’, White

Mountains National Park, Jun 1992, Bean 4614 (BRI,

NSW). Leichhardt District: Fairbaim Dam, Emerald, Jul

1981, Williams 81013 (BRI). Port Curtis District:

Kroombit Creek, Kroombit Tops, Oct 1995, Brushe &

Brushe JB242 (BRI); Mt Castletower, Many Peaks Range,

Jun 1977, Telford 5481 (BRI, CANB, NSW); 15 km NE of

Biloela, 3 km N of Callide Dam, Jul 1992, Thompson BIL18

(BRI, CANB, NSW). Burnett District: 300 m S of Scrubby

Dam, Coominglah State Forest, Sep 1995, Bean & Robins

8895 (BRI, NSW); State Forest 172, near Meredith’s Road,

Gurgeena Plateau, Nov 1994, Forster PIF15909 (BRI).

Warrego District: Mount Mobil Holding, 15-20 km W of

Umberill Homestead, Nov 1990, Grimshaw CHR17 (BRI);

c. 36 km NNE of Morven, along dogfence, Aug 1990,

Henderson etal. H3392 (BRI). Maranoa District: Thomby

Range, SE of Surat, May 1960, Blake 21306 (BRI, NSW);

Thomby Range, c. 43 km SE of Surat, on “Glen Fosslyn”

Station, Aug 1990, Henderson & Franks H3377 (BRI).

Darling Downs District: State Forest 101, c. 7 km due N of

Coolmunda Dam, Jun 1994, Grimshaw & Taylor PG823

(BRI, NSW). Moreton District: East of Egypt, 25 km E of

Gatton, Oct 1991, Bird (BRI, NSW); Falls Creek, 4km NW

of West Haldon, Nov 1988, Forster PIF4761 & Bird (BRI);

Crest of mountain spur to S of crossing of Heifer Creek on

Gatton to Clifton Road, Aug 1990, Henderson et al. H3374

(BRI). New South Wales. “Devils Face”, c. 2 km E of Jessie

Smith trig., Kangaroo River State Forest, Jan 1999, Austin

(BRI); 5 km SW of Turrawan, 20 km SE of Narrabri, Briggs

4694 (NSW); “Elmore”, Coolabah, Feb 1973, Cunningham

594 (NSW); “Windera”, Cobar, Jul 1969, Cunningham

(NSW); Ridge above Barool Creek, Gibraltar Range State

Forest, Aug 1991, Binns 1774 (NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya opponens is

widely scattered in eastern Australia from near

Charters Towers, in north-east Queensland,

southwards to Cobar and Coffs Harbour, New

South Wales (Map 21). It is recorded growing

in a variety of community types including

mixed shrubland, lancewood woodland,

mallee, eucalypt /Acacia open forest with

shrubby understorey, eucalypt /Callitris open

woodland and semi-evergreen vine-thicket.

The soils are recorded as generally shallow

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

223

sandy loams or red earths associated mostly

with sandstone, but also with rhyolite, shale

or metasediments.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded from

June to November, January and March, fruits

between August and November.

Notes: Bertya opponens is characterized by

having a dense stellate-pubescent indumentum

on young branchlets and leaves, calyx lobes in

female flowers ovate to broadly ovate, ovary

densely hairy, capsule mostly 3-seeded and

leaves consistently opposite.

As circumscribed here, B. opponens has

considerable variation in its habit, indumentum

colour and leaf shape. In general the northern

populations (from Emerald to near

Toowoomba, Queensland) tend to have broader,

oblong to oblong-elliptic leaf laminas with

usually flat margins while the southern

populations from Morven and Surat,

Queensland and those throughout New South

Wales have narrower, linear-elliptic to

narrowly elliptic leaf laminas with revolute

margins. However, these variations tend to

intergrade and are not considered worthy of

formal recognition.

The indumentum of this species is mostly

white, but there are a number of collections

(e.g. from between Grafton and Coffs Harbour,

Austin (BRI), and from near Toowoomba,

Forster PIF4761 Sc Bird (BRI) and Henderson

H3375 (BRI)) that have a rusty-brown

indumentum on most parts but particularly on

young branchlets. Whether or not these forms

are worthy of formal recognition warrants

further study.

18. Bertya pedicellata F.Muell., Fragm. 4:

143/144 (1864). Type: [Queensland.]

Rockhampton, [without date,] [A.] Thozet

(lecto, here chosen: MEF [MEF114092]).

Bertya glabrescens (C.T.White) Guymer,

Austrobaileya 2(5): 429 (1988); Bertya

oleifolia var. glabrescens C.T.White,

Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 50: 86

(1939). Type: [Queensland. Burnett

District:] Eidsvold, [without date,] T.L.

Bancroft (holo: BRI [AQ342448, sheet

1]; iso: BRI [AQ342448, sheet 2], ?K

n.v., fide G.P. Guymer, Austrobaileya

2(5): 429 (1988)).

Monoecious, much branched shrubs up to 6 m

high, thinly viscid on young shoots, leaves and

flowers. Branchlets + terete, with a moderately

dense indumentum of stellate hairs, becoming

glabrous with age, rugose; hairs + sessile,

white, 0.2-0.3 mm across. Feaves petiolate,

spirally alternate or opposite, spreading; petiole

+ plano-convex, 1.5-5.2 mm long, with a

sparse stellate-pubescent indumentum up to 0.1

mm thick; lamina linear-elliptic, linear-obovate

or sometimes linear, 40-92 mm long, 1.6 3-

10 mm wide; adaxial surface green, sparsely

hairy with stellate hairs up to 0.3 mm across,

glabrescent, smooth; abaxial surface white,

densely hairy with ± sessile stellate hairs 0.2-

0.6 mm across; margin recurved or somet im es

re volute at least in dried state; apex acute or

obtuse, ultimately apiculate with an extension

from midrib up to 0.2 mm long terminated with

small gland; base attenuate; midvein impressed

adaxially, abaxially raised and angular, with

stellate hairs on abaxial face, becoming

glabrous, stellate-pubescent laterally; marginal

glands present at base of lamina, 1 each side

of mibrib, c. 0.1 mm across, sessile or stipitate

with stipes up to 0.1 mm long. Inflorescences

of a single flower or umbelliform with 2

flowers, subsessile or pedunculate, axillary;

peduncles up to 6 mm long; bracts 6-9, ±

persistent but falling off before the fruit

matures, narrowly ovate to ovate or oblong,

2.4- 3.7 mm long, 0.5-2.1 mm wide, acute to

obtuse at tip, stellate-pubescent to glabrous

abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Male flowers

sessile; calyx lobes 5(rarely 4 or 6), yellow-

green coloured, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 4.5-

5.5 mm long, 3-4.2 mm wide, rounded at tip,

glabrous; rudimentary petals sometimes

present when up to 2 mm long; androecium

5-8 mm long, 0.7-1.3 mm across; stamens 56-

70; filaments c. 0.1 mm long; anthers 0.8-1.1

mm long. Female flowers pedicellate; pedicels

1.5- 3 mm long in flower, to 4 mm long in fruit,

glabrous; calyx 4(rarely 5)-lobed, light green

coloured; tube 0.2-0.4 mm long; lobes equal,

erect, recurved distally, narrowly ovate or

oblong-ovate, 3.2-5.2 mm long in flower, up

to 7.5 mm long in fruit, 0.9-1.7 mm wide, acute

to rounded at tip, glabrous, with margins entire;

petals rudimentary, up to 2 mm long and 0.9

224

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

mm wide, ovate, glabrous; ovary ovoid or

ellipsoid, 1.5-3.1 mm long, 1.1-2.2 mm across,

3(rarely 4)-locular, usually with scattered

stellate hairs; style with + glabrous column 0.3-

0.4 mm long and 3(rarely 4) ascending limbs;

limbs red to maroon or pale yellow, 3.3-4.1

mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, deeply 3- to 5-

lobed; lobes 1.3-2.2 mm long, 0.2-0.4 mm

wide. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid or narrowly

ovoid, 8.5-11.3 mm long, 4.7-5.2 mm across,

glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs, usually

1-seeded; persistent calyx lobes > half the

capsule length. Seed obloid or obloid-ellipsoid,

5.1-5.8 mm long, 3.2-3.6 mm wide, 2.8-3.1

mm across, light brown and mottled with dark

brown and black; caruncle pyramidal, 2.0-2.1

mm across, 1.3-1.7 mm long, creamy-white.

Selected specimens (from 38 examined): Queensland.

Leichhardt District: just below the sum mi t of Ropers Peak,

NE of Capella, Aug 1987, Bean 631 (BRI); Ropers Peak,

Peak Range, Aug 1990, Forster PIF7207 (BRI); 25.1 km

ENE of Taroom, Beaumont Station, Nov 1996, Halford 8c

Dowling Q3221 (BRI, NSW); on Nebo-Clermont road, 80

km from Nebo, May 1962, Johnson 2368 (AD, BRI, CANB,

NSW); Grey Rock, Glenlea Road, WNW of Springsure, Jul

1989, 0 ’Keejfe 889 (BRI). Port Curtis District: Mt Hedlow,

16 km W of Yeppoon, Jun 1983, Anderson 3442 (BRI);

Prospect Peak, c. 35 km S of Biloela, Jun 1996, Bean 10439

(BRI, MEL, NSW); Prospect Peak, c. 35 km S of Biloela,

Jun 1996, Bean 10438 (BRI, MEL, NSW); Mt Jim Crow,

Aug 1980, Hind 8c Ingram 2663 (NSW); Ironpot/Bluff Rock

Island off Kemp Beach, Sep 1996, Melzer RM750 (BRI);

Rosslyn Head, Jul 1997, Rider (BRI). Burnett District: Mt

Gayndah, 7 km W of Gayndah, Sep 1999, Forster et al.

PIF24864 (BRI); 4.5 km S of Binjour, Sep 1989, Forster 8c

Bean PIF5743 (BRI); Coongara Rock, May 1996,

Grimshaw 8c Baumgartner PG2395 (BRI, MEL); northern

boundary of SF132,35 km SSW of Mundubbera, Jul 1997,

Halford 8c Holland Q3295 (BISH, BRI, MEL); 4 km W

along Humphrey Road from Burnett Highway, Aug 1990,

Henderson 8c Franks H3400 (BRI); 4.5 km S of Binjour,

on road to Humphrey, Oct 1989, Ross 8914 (BRI, NSW).

Darling Downs District: Lot 1656 Parish of Rosenthah,

Shire of Warwick, May 1995, Sands 3 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya pedicellata

is confined to central and south-east

Queensland, from near Aramac eastwards to

Rockhampton and south to near Biggenden

with an isolated record from the Warwick

district (Map 22). It is recorded as growing

on rocky hillsides in eucalypt forest or

woodland, Acacia woodland or shrubland, and

open heathland or vine thicket communities.

Soils are recorded mostly as skeletal to shallow

sandy, sandy clay or clay loams overlying

rhyolite, trachyte or sandstone substrates.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded from

March to November, fruits from August to

November.

Typification: In the protologue of Bertya

pedicellata , Mueller (1864) cited “in thickets

near the town of Rockhampton, Thozet”. Four

collections at MEL and one amongst material

on loan to BRI from K have been located that

are labelled B. pedicellata and have Thozet as

the collector with the locality of collection as

Rockhampton. Three of the MEL sheets are

without a date of collection while the fourth is

dated 1865. As this date is after Mueller’s

publication of the name B. pedicellata, this

sheet has been excluded from consideration as

type material. Although the K sheet is dated

1872, we believe this is the date when it was

sent to K. The K sheet and the remaining three

sheets at MEL are here assumed to be original

material available to Mueller prior to his

publication of B. pedicellata. From these, the

MEL sheet MEL 114092 is chosen here as

lectotype because it agrees with the protologue

and is the most ample of the three MEL type

sheets, as well as the K one.

Notes: Bertya pedicellata is characterized by

the more or less sessile stellate hairs on the

branchlets, the opposite as well as alternate

arrangement of its leaves, the mostly linear-

elliptic or linear-obovate leaf laminas which

are glabrescent and smooth on the adaxial

surface, and its long-pedicellate female flowers.

The leaf laminas can vary in width

seemingly depending on the moisture available

to the plant at any particular site. Plants on

dry skeletal soils tend to have a large proportion

of narrow leaf laminas with margins recurved

or revolute to some extent and sometimes even

to the midrib, whereas plants on sloping sites

and sandy loam soil tend to have leaf laminas

flatter and slightly broader.

A collection from near Warwick,

Queensland, Sands 3 (BRI), is from a

population disjunct from others of

B. pedicellata and it has extremely narrow leaf

laminas. This population warrants further

study to establish the significance of these

differences.

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

225

The O’Keeffe collection from WNW of

Springsure, O’Keeffe 889 (BRI), has male

flowers with what we interpret to be

rudimentary petals near the base of the staminal

column. This is the only Bertya specimen that

has been observed to have rudimentary petals

in male flowers.

19. Bertya pinifolia Planch., London J. Bot.

4: 473 (1845). Type: [Queensland.

Moreton District:] Brisbane River

[Minto Crags], in 1829, Fraser 158

(lecto, here chosen: K).

Monoecious, much branched shrubs up to 2 m

high, viscid throughout. Branchlets somewhat

angular, becoming terete with age, glabrous,

tuberculate. Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate,

ascending to spreading; petiole plano-convex,

0.7-1.6 mm long, glabrous, sparsely

tuberculate; lamina linear, 25-60 mm long,

0.8-1.5(-2.1) mm wide, slightly recurved at

tip; adaxial surface green, glabrous,

tuberculate; abaxial surface white, densely

hairy with sessile and stipitate stellate (0.4-

0.5 mm across) and simple glandular (up to

0.05 mm long) hairs; margin revolute or

recurved to midrib concealing abaxial leaf

lamina surface; apex acute, ultimately apiculate

with an extension from the midrib up to 0.2

mm long terminated with a small, light brown

gland; base cuneate; midvein impressed

adaxially, abaxially raised and angular,

tuberculate and glabrous on abaxial face,

stellate-pubescent laterally; marginal glands

usually present at base of lamina, 1 each side

of midrib, 0.15-0.2 mm across, sessile.

Inflorescences of a single flower, pedunculate,

axillary; peduncles up to 1.5 mm long; bracts

5-7, persistent, narrowly ovate to ovate, 1.7-

3.5 mm long, 0.6-1.5 mm wide, acute or obtuse

at tip, glabrous. Male flowers shortly

pedicellate; pedicels up to 0.8 mm long,

glabrous; calyx lobes 5, yellow-green, ovate-

elliptic to elliptic, 3-4.8 mm long, 1.7-2.6 mm

wide, rounded at tip, glabrous; androecium

3.5-6.2 mm long; 0.4-0.6 mm across; stamens

30-45; filaments c. 0.1 mm long; anthers 0.8-

1.4 mm long. Female flowers subsessile; calyx

5-lobed, yellow-green coloured; tube up to 0.2

mm long; lobes equal, erect, elliptic to oblong-

elliptic, 2.9-3.6 mm long in flowers, up to 9

mm long in fruit, 1.3-1.9 mm wide, rounded

at tip, glabrous, with margins fimbriate; petals

rudimentary, up to 0.3 mm long and 0.2 mm

wide, ovate, glabrous; ovary ovoid, 1.1-1.3 mm

long, 1.0-1.2 mm across, 3-locular, glabrous;

style with glabrous column 0.5-1 mm long and

3 spreading limbs; limbs red, 3.0-4.2 mm long,

0.4-0.6 mm wide, deeply 3- or 4-lobed; lobes

1.3-2.9 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide. Capsule

narrowly ellipsoid, 7-7.5 mm long, 3.2-3.5

mm across, glabrous, usually 1-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes longer than the capsule.

Seed obloid, 4.7-5.2 mm long, 2.7-2.8 mm

wide, 2.3-2.4 mm across, dark red; caruncle

pyramidal, 1.2-1.4 mm across, 0.7-0.8 mm

long, creamy-white.

Selected specimens (from 10 examined): Queensland.

Moreton District: Black Rock Creek Road, 12 km S of

Boonah, Aug 1990, Bird & Orford A (BRI, NSW); ditto,

Aug 1990, Bird & Orford B (BRI, NSW); ditto, Aug 1990,

Bird & Orford C (BRI, NSW); ditto, Jul 1988, Bird (BRI,

CANB, NSW); 2 km SSE of Mt Bangalora, Sep 1987,

Forster et al. PIF3036 (BRI, NSW); Flagstone Creek,

Boonah District, Sep 1934, Michael 2050 (BRI); E of

Moogerah Dam on Boonah Road, Dec 1998, Olsen (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Bertya pinifolia is

confined to the south-east of Queensland,

where it is restricted to rocky sites in the

Boonah district (Map 23). It is recorded as

growing in open heath or shrubland

communities on rocky ridges or mountain

summits on skeletal soils overlying rhyolite.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded from

July to September, fruits in September.

Affinities: Bertya pinifolia seems most closely

related to B. gummifera, B. granitica and

B. recurvata but differs from all three species

in having proportionally longer leaves (leaf

lamina length/width ratio greater than 30:1

compared with less than 25:1). For further

differences between B. pinifolia and each of

these three species, refer to the ‘affinities’

section under the species concerned.

Typification: Two sheets of original material

of B. pinifolia were located amongst material

on loan to BRI from K. Both sheets have been

stamped as originating from Hooker’s

herbarium. Each has what appears to be a field

label written by the same hand stating

“Brisbane River, [illegible], Fraser 1829, 158”

and “Croton rosmarinifolia, [illegible], Fraser

1829,155” respectively. Both specimens agree

with the protologue of B. pinifolia. The

226

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

specimen labelled 158 is chosen here as the

lectotype as it is annotated with the name

B. pinifolia in what we believe to be Planchon’s

hand.

20. Bertya polystigma Griming in A.Engler,

Pflanzenr. H.58: 57-59 (1913). type:

“N. Queensland. Walshs Pyramid, in

stone ground between low shrub (L. Diels

n. 8341)” (holo: B, apparently destroyed;

lecto, here chosen: G. Griming in A.

Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 58, fig. 11

(1913); epitype, here chosen:

Queensland. Cook District: Massey

Creek Falls, S of Gordonvale, 18

February 1996, R.L. Jago & R. Jensen

3788 (BRI)).

Illustration : G. Griming (1913: p. 58, fig.

11 ).

Monoecious, much branched shrubs up to 3(6)

m high. Branchlets + terete, with a dense

indumentum of stellate hairs, becoming

glabrous with age; hairs sessile or stipitate with

stipes up to 0.4 mm long, white, 0.4-0.7 mm

across. Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate,

spreading; petiole plano-convex, 1.2-4.5 mm

long, with a dense stellate-pubescent

indumentum up to 0.7 mm thick; lamina lorate

to narrowly oblong or narrowly oblong-elliptic,

18-54 mm long, 2.4-5.3(-8.6) mm wide;

adaxial surface green, sparsely hairy with

sessile or stipitate stellate hairs 0.3-0.6 mm

across, glabrescent, smooth or minutely

tuberculate with persistent hair bases; abaxial

surface white, densely hairy with sessile or

shortly stipitate stellate hairs 0.4-0.5 mm

across; margin recurved to revolute; apex acute,

rounded to obtuse, sometimes ultimately

apiculate with an extension from midrib up to

0.1 mm long and terminated with a small, light

brown coloured gland; base cuneate; midvein

impressed adaxially, abaxially raised and

angular, stellate-pubescent; marginal glands

present at base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib,

0.1-0.15 mm across, stipitate with stipes up to

0.1 mm long. Inflorescences of a single flower

or rarely umbelliform with 2 flowers,

pedunculate, axillary or rarely terminal on

much reduced axillary branchlets; peduncles

1-4 mm long; bracts 4-6, persistent; outer

bracts lorate or ovate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.9-

1.4 mm wide, rounded at tip, stellate-pubescent

on both surfaces; inner bracts ovate to broadly

ovate or orbicular, 0.9-2.2 mm long, 0.9-1.4

mm wide, acute to obtuse at tip, glabrous or

with scattered stellate hairs distally abaxially.

Male flowers pedicellate; pedicels 0.5-1 mm

long, stellate-pubescent; calyx lobes 5, light

green coloured, oblong-elliptic, 4.5-5.1 mm

long, 2.5-2.9 mm wide, rounded at tip,

glabrous; androecium 5-8 mm long, 0.5-0.8

mm across; stamens 57-73; filaments 0.1-0.2

mm long; anthers 1-1.3 mm long. Female

flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate with

pedicels up to 0.4 mm long, glabrous; calyx 5-

lobed, light green coloured; tube 0.3-0.4 mm

long; lobes equal, erect to spreading, recurved

distally, narrowly ovate to ovate, 1.9-3.1 mm

long, 1.0-1.6 mm wide, obtuse at tip, glabrous,

with margins fimbriate; petals rudimentary,

ovate, up to 0.4 mm long and 0.1 mm wide,

glabrous; ovary ovoid, 1.0-1.3 mm long, 0.9-

1.0 mm across, 3-locular, stellate-tomentose;

style with hairy column c. 0.3 mm long and 3

spreading limbs; limbs pale yellow or red, 2.4-

3.5 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide, deeply 3- or

4-lobed; lobes 1.3-3.0 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm

wide. Capsule ellipsoid, 5.9-7.1 mm long,

3.5-3.8 mm across, usually with scattered

stellate hairs, usually 1-seeded; persistent calyx

lobes < half the capsule length. Seed obloid,

5.0-5.2 mm long, 2.7-2.8 mm wide, 2.2-2.4

mm across, light brown to reddish brown;

caruncle pyramidal, 1.2-1.8 mm across, 0.8-

1 mm long, creamy-white.

Selected specimens (from 29 examined): Queensland.

Cook District: Carrington Falls, SSW of Atherton, Jan 1993,

Bean 5708 (BRI); Emu Creek, c. 10 miles [16 km] SW of

Mareeba, Apr 1967, Brass 33533 (BRI, K); Atherton district,

R 99W, Dec 1958, Dansie & Volck 1491 (BRI, CANB);

Bakers Blue Mountain, Font Hills Station, Mona Creek

Saddle, Dec 1988, Fell DF1564 (BRI); Daintree National

Park, Fittle Daintree River, May 1998, Forster et al.

PIF22825 (BRI); State Forest 144, Mt Windsor Tableland,

Jul 1995, Forster & Figg PIF17427 (BRI); State Forest 185,

Danbulla, 6 km along C road, Jan 1993, Forster & Bean

PIF13077 (BRI); State Forest 607, Dinden, Bridle Fogging

Area, Jul 1995, Forster et al. PIF17351 (BRI); 5 km W of

Rifle Range, Atherton, May 1976, Hassall 7623 (BRI);

Carrington Falls, c. 8 km SSW of Atherton, Apr 1989,

Henderson & Clarkson H3224 (BRI); near dam wall of Wild

River Reservoir, c. 12 km SSW of Atherton, Apr 1989,

Henderson & Clarkson H3219 (BRI); S.F.R. 194, Oct 1973,

Hyland 6910 (BRI, CANB, K, NSW); Reserve 99, between

Atherton and Herberton, Jun 1961, Hyland 1872 (BRI);

Carrington Falls, Feb 1975, Hyland 8075 (BRI, CANB, K,

NSW); Massey Creek Falls, S of Gordonvale, Feb 1996, Jago

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

227

& Jensen 3788 (BRI); between Barron and Walsh Rivers, c.

6 mi les [10 km] W of Atherton, Apr 1959, Thome & Dansie

20741 (BRI); Davies Creek area, Jan 1962, Webb & Tracey

5653 (BRI). North Kennedy District: Herberton, Jan 1912,

Kenny (BRI); 4.5 km N of Ravenshoe, Jul 1978, Lockyer

158 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya polystigma

is confined to the north-east of Queensland,

from Mt Windsor Tableland southwards to

Ravenshoe (Map 24). It is recorded as growing

on coarse sandy soils in rocky granitic habitats

in a variety of vegetation types including

eucalypt woodland and open or closed forest

and less frequently in open Syncarpia forest

or rainforest.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded in

October to July, fruits in January, May, July,

September and October.

Affinities'. Bertya poly stigma seems most

closely allied to B. ingramii and B. oleifolia.

It differs from B. ingramii in having a smooth

adaxial leaf lamina surface, longer

indumentum on stems and abaxial leaf lamina

surfaces, and the midrib impressed on the upper

leaf lamina surface. B. poly stigma differs from

B. oleifolia in its calyx lobes which do not

enlarge as the fruit matures.

Typification : It seems reasonable to assume

that the collection referred to by Griming in

his protologue of B. poly stigma {Diels n.8341)

was at B where Diels’ herbarium was located.

No type material has been located at B and it

is believed to have been destroyed during the

Second World War. Searches for duplicates at

other herbaria (BM, MEL and CANB) where

duplicates may exist according to Stafleu and

Cowan (1976) have been unsuccessful. As

there appears to be no extant holotype or isotype

material available, the illustration in the

protologue is here selected as lectotype, in

accordance with article 9.10 of the

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

(ICBN) (Greuter et al. 2000). Griining’s

description and illustration are clearly

diagnostic and leave no doubt as to the

application of the name. However, to enable

the precise taxonomic interpretation of this

type, we also designate an epitype (Art. 9.7).

21. Bertya pomaderroides F. Muell., Fragm.

4: 34/35 (1863); Bertya pomaderroides

F.Muell. var. pomaderroides , Blakely,

Contr. New South Wales Natl Herb. 1:

121 (1941). Type: [New South Wales.]

Bent’s Basin, [without date,] W. Woolls

(lecto, here chosen: MEL [MEL 114101];

isolecto: K, MEL [MEL114102,

MEL114100, MEL114099], NSW

[NSW194854]).

Bertya oblongifolia Mlill.Arg., Flora

47(30): 471 (1864). Type: [Australia,

without locality, without date,] C. Stuart

(holo: K (ex herb. Hook.)).

Bertya pomaderroides var. angustifolia

Blakely, Contr. New South Wales Natl

Herb. 1: 121 (1941). Type: New South

Wales. Woronora River, 15 Sep 1923,

E. Cheel [NSW194873] (holo: NSW ).

Illustration : G. Griming (1913: p. 55, fig.

10A) as Bertya oblongifolia.

Monoecious, much branched shrubs up to 2 m

high, sometimes viscid on very young buds.

Branchlets + terete, with a moderately dense

indumentum of stellate hairs, becoming

glabrous with age though remaining

tuberculate by persistent hair bases; hairs

sessile or stipitate with stipes up to 0.3 mm

long, pale golden-yellow to white, 0.2-0.5 mm

across. Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate,

spreading; petiole plano-convex, 1.5-4.8 mm

long, slightly grooved adaxially, with a

moderately dense stellate-pubescent

indumentum up to 0.1 mm thick; lamina

narrowly elliptic, oblong-elliptic to narrowly

oblong-elliptic or rarely narrowly obovate, lb-

46 mm long, 4-13 mm wide; adaxial surface

green, glabrous, smooth; abaxial surface white,

densely hairy with sessile stellate hairs 0.3-

0.4 mm across; margin flat, recurved or

sometimes revolute; apex rounded to obtuse

rarely or acute; base obtuse to cuneate; midvein

impressed adaxially, abaxially raised and

angular or rounded, stellate-pubescent;

marginal glands present at base of lamina, 1

each side of midrib, 0.1-0.2 mm across, sessile.

Inflorescences of a single, flower, pedunculate,

axillary; peduncles 8-16 mm long; bracts 3-

5, persistent to somewhat caducous, narrowly

ovate, narrowly triangular or lorate, 1.5-3.5

mm long, 0.6-1.3 mm wide, acute or obtuse at

tip, glabrous or stellate-pubescent abaxially.

228

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Male flowers sessile or pedicellate with pedicels

up to 2 mm long, glabrous; calyx lobes 5, light

green, elliptic or ovate, 3.1-3.8 mm long, 1.7-

2.6 mm wide, rounded or obtuse at tip,

glabrous; androecium 6.0-6.7 mm long, 0.6-

0.8 mm across; stamens 56-75; filaments 0.1-

0.2 mm long; anthers 1.1-1.3 mm long.

Female flowers sessile or pedicellate with

pedicels 0.2-1.5 mm long, glabrous or stellate-

pubescent; calyx 5-lobed, light green coloured;

tube 0.2-0.4 mm long; lobes equal, erect,

narrowly triangular, 2.1-2.7 mm long, 0.6-0.8

mm wide, acute at tip, glabrous, with margins

entire; petals absent; ovary narrowly ovoid or

ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 1.0-1.3 mm across,

3-locular, glabrous or with scattered stellate

hairs distally; style with hairy column c. 0.1

mm long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs red,

2.3-2.8 mm long, 0.2-0.4 mm wide, deeply

3- to 5-lobed; lobes 0.9-2.2 mm long, 0.1-0.2

mm wide. Capsule narrowly ovoid, 6.5-9.8

mm long, 3-4.1 mm across, glabrous or with

scattered stellate hairs, usually 1-seeded;

persistent calyx lobes < half the capsule length.

Seed obloid or obloid-ellipsoid, 5.5-6.2 mm

long, 2.7-3.2 mm wide, 2.4-2.9 mm across,

dark red; caruncle pyramidal, c 1.5 mm across,

c. 1.5 mm long, yellowish-white.

Selected specimens (from 41 examined): New South

Wales. Kangaroo River in National Park, Sep 1893, Betche

(NSW); Nepean River catchment, near Menangle, Apr 1962,

Burgess (CANB); Bargo River, Apr 1962, Burgess (CANB);

Hilltop, Jul 1914, Cheel (BRI, NSW); Georges River, Sep

1896, Clarke (NSW); Woronora River, Sep 1896, Clarke

(NSW); St Helena, 4 miles [c. 6 km] S of Springwood, Nov

1960, Constable (NSW); Glenbrook Creek, Chambers

Gorge, 1 mil e [c. 1.6 km] SE of Glenbrook, Oct 1965, Coveny

(NSW); Kangaroo Creek, Royal National Park, Sep 1966,

Coveny (NSW); Scouter’s Mountain track crossing at

Heathcote Creek, Heathcote National Park, Sep 1983,

Coveny & Bishop 11617 (NSW); Glenbrook Creek,

Glenbrook, Blue Mountains National Park, Feb 1998,

Coveny & Jobson 17616 (CANB, NSW); The Woolwash,

Campbelltown, Sep 1983, Coveny & Bishop 11619 (NSW);

Georges River, Oct 1894, Fletcher (NSW); Morton National

Park, Northern Budawang Range, c. 3 km NW of “The

Castle”, Oct 1985, Gilmour 5282 (CANB); Cataract Dam,

Sep 1908, Maiden (NSW); Luncheon Creek, Jerrawangala

State Forest, Sep 1985, Mills (NSW); ridge SW of Gadara

Point, Northern Budawang Range, Feb 1974, Olsen 1875

(NSW); c. Vi way down Nepean Gorge from Glenbrook, Sep

1961, Pearce (NSW); Northern Budawang Range, gorge

below Crooked Falls, Jan 1986, Telford 10177 (CANB,

MEL, NSW); Little River, Buxton, Sep 1951, Whaite 1081

(NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya

pomaderroides is confined to the south-east of

New South Wales, from Glenbrook southwards

to Budawang Range (Map 25). It is recorded

as growing in open eucalypt forest usually

along creek or river banks rarely on steep

hillsides or exposed rock outcrops. Soils are

recorded as sandy associated with sandstone

or rhyolite substrates.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded

throughout the year, particularly in September

and October, fruits in February, April, July and

from September to November.

Affinities: Bertya pomaderroides seems most

closely related to B. brownii but differs from

that by having a glabrous adaxial leaf lamina

surface, generally smaller and thicker leaves,

a finer indumentum on the branchlets and

abaxial leaf lamina surface, the presence of a

single size class of hair in the abaxial leaf

lamina surface, and a glabrous or sparsely

stellate-pubescent ovary.

Typification: In the protologue of Bertya

pomaderroides, Mueller (1863) cited a

collection from Bent’s Basin near Port Jackson

collected by W. Woolls. Six sheets (four at MEL

and one each at NSW and K) from the same

locality with the same collector and labelled

B. pomaderroides have been located. They all

appear to be part of the original material used

by Mueller to describe this species. The MEL

sheet [MEL114101] is here selected as

lectotype because it matches the description in

the protologue and is annotated by Mueller.

Notes: The collections Constable

[NSW55744], Mills [NSW194898] and Pearce

[NSW194897] (all in NSW) and Bauerlen

[CANB383025] (CANB) have slightly larger

leaves and a coarser indumentum than is

typical for B. pomaderroides. Study of more

material in the field is required to ascertain

the significance of this variability.

22. Bertya recurvata Halford & R.J.F.Hend.

sp. nov. arte affinis B. gummiferae

Planch, ut videtur sed caulibus pilorum

stellatorum indumento caduco non

persistenti, foliis lamina adaxialiter

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

229

subtiliter non grosse tuberculata, et

floribus femineis calycis lobis marginibus

integris non ciliatis differt. In

additamentis haec species affinis

B. pinifoliae Planch, et B. graniticae

Halford & R.J.F.Hend. Ab ilia foliis

lamina rotundata non glande apiculata

ad apicem, latiore et proportione breviore

(1/w ratio minus quam 20:1 non plus

quam 30:1), et floribus femineis calycis

lobis leviter magnioribus (4.7-5.1 mm

non 2.9-3.6 mm longis) differt. Ab haec

foliis lamina distaliter recurvata non

stricta et floribus femineis calycis lobis

marginibus integris non ciliatis differt.

Typus: Queensland. Darling Downs

District: Portion 90, Wyberba, 5

September 1993, P.I. Forster & A.R.

Bean PIF13846 (holo: BRI; iso: AD,

NSW, MEL, CANB, distribuendi).

Bertya sp. (Amiens L.Pedley 1488), Forster

& Halford (2002, p. 69).

Monoecious or dioecious, much branched

shrubs up to 1.5 m high, thinly viscid on most

parts. Branchlets + angular, becoming terete

with age, glabrous or rarely sparsely stellate-

pubescent on young shoots, soon becoming

glabrous, finely tuberculate; hairs stipitate with

stipes up to 0.1 mm long, white, 0.4-0.5 mm

across. Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate,

ascending to spreading; petiole ± bi-convex,

1-1.5 mm long, glabrous, smooth or sparsely

tuberculate; lamina linear to lorate, 15-27 mm

long, 1.5-2.6 mm wide, recurved at tip; adaxial

surface green, glabrous, finely tuberculate;

abaxial surface white, densely hairy with sessile

and shortly stipitate stellate (0.3-0.6 mm

across) and simple glandular (up to 0.05 mm

long) hairs; margin recurved or revolute to

midrib concealing abaxial leaf lamina surface;

apex rounded; base cuneate; midvein faintly

impressed or obscure adaxially, abaxially raised

and angular, glabrous or with scattered stellate

hairs on abaxial face, becoming glabrous,

tuberculate, stellate-pubescent laterally;

marginal glands present at base of lamina, 1

each side of midrib, 0.25-0.35 mm across,

sessile. Inflorescences of a single flower or

rarely umbe l 1if orm with 2 flowers, pedunculate,

axillary or sometimes terminal on rudimentary,

short branchlet in distal leaf axils; peduncles

up to 1 mm long; bracts 3-8, persistent; outer

bracts narrowly ovate or narrowly triangular,

2.7-3.5 mm long, 1-2.6 mm wide, obtuse to

rounded at apex, glabrous, papillose; inner

bracts narrowly ovate to broadly ovate, 2.4-

2.9 mm long, 1.4-2.2 mm wide, obtuse,

rounded or acuminate, glabrous. Male flowers

sessile; calyx lobes 5, yellow-green coloured,

oblong-elliptic, 4-5.3 mm long, 3.3-4.2 mm

wide, rounded at tip, glabrous; androecium

5.5- 7.0 mm long, 0.9-1.4 mm across; stamens

40-80; filaments 0.1-0.2 mm long; anthers

0.9-1.4 mm long. Lemale flowers sessile; calyx

5-lobed, yellow-green coloured; tube 0.5-0.7

mm long; lobes equal, ± erect and incurved

distally, elliptic to oblong-elliptic or ovate, 4.7-

5.1 mm long in flower, up to 11 mm long in

fruit, 2.7-3.5 mm wide, rounded at tip,

glabrous, with margins entire; petals absent or

rudimentary when ovate, up to 0.8 mm long

and 0.4 mm wide, and glabrous; ovary ovoid

to subglobose, 1.4-2.4 mm long, 1.4-2.0 mm

across, 3-locular, glabrous; style with glabrous

column 0.5-0.8 mm long and 3 spreading

limbs; lim bs red, 4-6 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm

wide, deeply 2- to 4-lobed; lobes 3.0-4.5 mm

long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide. Capsule ellipsoid,

7.5- 8.2 mm long, 3.5-5.1 mm across, glabrous,

usually 1- or 2-seeded; persistent calyx lobes

usually longer than capsule. Seed obloid-

ellipsoid, 5.0-5.8 mm long, 3.0-3.2 mm wide,

2.1-2.8 mm across, dark brown to dark reddish

brown; caruncle pyramidal, 1.7-2.0 mm

across, 1.3-1.6 mm long, creamy-white. Lig.

8 .

Selected specimens (from 19 examined): Queensland.

Darling Downs District: Wallangarra, Jan 1906, Boorman

(NSW); Wallangarra, Jul 1904, Boorman (NSW); Girraween

National Park, 15 km N of Wallangarra, Nov 1975, Clifford

(NSW); Portion 90, Wyberba, Aug 1995, Forster & Figg

PIF17595 (BRI); Bald Rock Creek, 2.5 km W of Girraween

National Park Headquarters, Sep 1993, Forster & Bean

PIF13843 (BRI); Girraween National Park, Bald Rock Creek

area, Jan 1993, Forster & Halford PIF12640 (BRI); c. 5

miles [8 km] W of Wyberba near Girraween National Park,

Oct 1975, Hassall 7579 (BRI); 8 km W of Wyberba, near

Girraween National Park, Sep 1976, Hassall 7666 (BRI);

near Girraween National Park, Apr 1975, Hassall! 54 (BRI);

Wyberba, in 1961, Hockings (BRI); Amiens, 10 miles [c. 16

km] NW of Stanthorpe, Oct 1963, Pedley 1488 (BRI, K);

Girraween National Park near Wyberba, Sep 1970, Ryan 50

(BRI); on property of W. McDongah, Lyra, Oct 1962, Shea

S122 (BRI); Bald Rock Creek, 10 km N of Wallangarra,

Sep 1973, Telford & Zander 3195 (CANB); Bald Rock

Creek, 10 km N of Wallangarra, Sep 1973, Telford 3194

(CANB).

230

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Fig. 8. Bertya recurvata. A. branchlet with male flowers, x 1. B. female flower from side. x6. C. fruit from side with frontal

enlarged persistent calyx lobes removed. x4. D. transverse section of leaf. xl6. E. section of branchlet. x6. F. ventral view of

seed. x6. A from McDonald s.n. 11 Sep 1990 (BRI); B, D & E from Forster & Bean PIF13846 (BRI); C & F from Forster

& Halford PIF12640 (BRI). Del. W. Smith.

Distribution and habitat: Bertya recurvata

is confined to the south-east of Queensland

where it is restricted to the Stanthorpe-

Wallangarra area (Map 26). It is recorded as

growing on shallow sandy soils on exposed

granite outcrops in heath, dense shrubland,

open Callitris woodland or open eucalypt

forest or woodland communities.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded from

July to October, fruits in January, April,

October and November.

Affinities: Bertya recurvata seems most

closely allied to B. gummifera but differs from

that by lacking a persistent indumentum of

stellate hairs on the stems, finely tuberculate

rather than coarsely tuberculate adaxial leaf

lamina surfaces and entire rather than ciliate

margins of the calyx lobes of female flowers.

B. recurvata is also similar to B. pinifolia

and B. granitica but differs from the former in

its leaves not being ultimately terminated by an

apiculate gland, wider and proportionally shorter

leaf laminas (leaf lamina length/width ratio less

than 20:1 compared with greater than 30:1), and

slightly larger calyx lobes in female flowers (4-

7-5.1 mm long compared with 2.9-3.6 mm

long). For differences from B. granitica refer to

notes under that species.

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from

Latin recurvatus, curved backwards, in reference

to the recurved apex of the leaves of this species.

23. Bertya riparia Halford & R.J.F.Hend. sp.

nov. arte affinis B. tasmanicae subsp.

vestitae Halford & R.J.F.Hend. ut videtur

sed foliis lamina latiore (2.4-4.4 mm non

0.9-2.1 mm lata) marginibus strictis non

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

231

recurvis ad costam, et inflorescentiis

pedunculo longiore (1.5-2.5 mm non

0.7-1.4 mm longo) differt. Typus: New

South Wales. 5 km SE of Macks Crossing

along Stokes Hut Trail, Kosciusko

National Park, 29 October 1993, N. Taws

216 & A. Scott (holo: BRI; iso: CANB,

MEL, NSW).

Monoecious, much branched shrubs 1-2 m

high. Branchlets terete, with a dense

indumentum of stellate hairs; hairs sessile or

stipitate on stipes up to 0.1 mm long, golden-

yellow or grey-white, up to 0.6(1.0) mm across.

Leaves petiolate, spirally alternate, spreading;

petiole plano-convex, 1.5-3 mm long, with a

moderately dense, stellate hairy indumentum

up to 0.1 mm thick; lamina narrowly obovate

or linear, 21-29 mm long, 2.4-4.4 mm wide;

adaxial surface green, with a sparse to

moderately dense indumentum of stellate hairs,

glabrescent, smooth or with scattered

tubercules (persistent hair bases); abaxial

surface white, densely hairy with stipitate

stellate hairs 0.4-0.5 mm across; margin

recurved; apex rounded to obtuse; base cuneate;

midvein impressed adaxially, abaxially raised

and + rounded, densely stellate-pubescent;

marginal glands present at base of lamina, 1

each side of midrib, c. 0.1 mm across, sessile.

Inflorescences of a single flower or

umbelliform with 2 flowers, pedunculate,

axillary; peduncles 1.5-2.5 mm long; bracts

5-8, persistent; outer bracts triangular, 2.9-

3.2 mm long, 1.7-2.2 mm wide, acute to

acuminate at tip, stellate-pubescent abaxially,

glabrous or stellate-pubescent distally

adaxially; inner bracts narrowly ovate to ovate,

3.5-4.0 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, acute at

tip, glabrous except for stellate hairs distally

abaxially. Male flowers sessile; calyx lobes 5,

of unknown colour when fresh, elliptic, 3-4 mm

long, 2-2.5 mm wide, rounded at tip, glabrous

adaxially, stellate-pubescent abaxially;

androecium c. 2 mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm across;

stamens c. 30; filaments 0.1-0.2 mm long;

anthers 0.7-0.8 mm long. Female flowers

sessile; calyx 5-lobed, of unknown colour when

fresh; tube 0.8-0.9 mm long; lobes + equal or

inner lobes slightly narrower, erect, spreading

to recurved distally, narrowly ovate to ovate,

3.2-4.2 mm long, 1.4-2.1 mm wide, acute at

tip, glabrous adaxially sparsely stellate-

pubescent abaxially, with margins fimbriate;

petals absent; ovary ovoid, 1.8-2.2 mm long,

1.5-2 mm across, 3-locular, densely stellate-

pubescent; style with hairy column 0.1-0.3 mm

long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs red, 1.6-

3.1 mm long, c. 0.3 mm wide, deeply 3- or 4-

lobed; lobes 1.5-2.3 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm

wide. Mature capsule and seed not seen. Fig.

9 & 10.

Fig. 9. Bertya riparia. A. female flowers from the side. x6.

B. transverse section of leaf, x 12. A & B from Taws 216 &

Scott (BRI). Del. W. Smith.

Additional specimens : New South Wales. Brindabella, 1

km along track following Goodradigbee River downstream,

Feb 1984, James & Taylor 531 (NSW); Crown Reserve 13

km directly ESE of Tumut, S bank of Goobarragandra River,

Jan 1994, Taws 372 & Scott (BRI, CANB, NSW); c. 16.5

km directly ESE of Tumut, beside Goobarragandra River,

50 m downstream from suspension bridge, Dec 1993, Taws

298 (BRI, CANB); junction of Flea Creek and Goodradigbee

River, downstream from Brindabella, Sep 1973, Whaite 3538

(CANB, NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya riparia is

confined to the Southern Tablelands of New

South Wales where it occurs from near Tumut

eastward to Brindabella (Map 27). It is

recorded from riparian habitats in open forest

or woodland communities on grey sandy, dark

brown sandy clay or dark brown loam soils

where it is associated with Leptospermum spp.

Callistemon sieberi DC., Pomaderris

angustifolia Wakef., Bursaria spinosa Cav.,

232

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM (fiRI)

Brisbane Australia

58i3o0

Flora ol AUSTRALIA

Ex AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL BOTANIC GARDENS

HERBARIUM (CBG)

Nomination ol change of datarmination would be appreciated by CBG.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Bertya cf. milchellii

AUSTRALIA. NEW SOUTH WALES: Southern Tablelands :

Kosciusko National Park, 5 km SE of Macks Crossing along

Slokes Hut Trail, beside Goobarragandra River. (Map ref.:

Blowering 332.763)

35° 26' 40" S 143° 28' 04" E 480 m alt.

Steep rocky river bank, N aspect. Dark brown rocky loam on

basic igneous rook. Open forest of Eucalyptus bridgesiana

with dense understorey of Leptcspermum brevipes. Acacia

melanoxylon. ‘blackberry, Lomatia myricoides and Bursaria

spinosa.

Slender shrub to 2 m. Occasional.

N. Taws 216 29 00.1993

& A. Scott

Dupl.: (3) BRI, MEL, NSW

iiiiiiniiiiiniiiiiiiii

CBG 9314775

Bertya riparia Halford & RJ.F Hold.

HOLOTYPE

Dei D.A. Halford(BRI) 25/July/2000

Fig. 10. Holotype of Bertya riparia,

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

233

Acacia spp., Lomandra longifolia Labill. and/

or Rubus spp.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded in

February, September and October, mature fruits

have apparently not been collected.

Affinities : Bertya riparia seems most closely

related to B. tasmanica subsp. vestita but differs

from that by its wider leaves (2.4-4.4 mm wide

compared with 0.9-2.1 mm wide) with margins

not recurved to midrib and slightly longer

peduncles (1.5-2.5 mm long compared with

0.7-1.4 mm long).

Etymology: The specific epithet is from Latin

riparius, meaning frequenting banks of streams

or rivers, in reference to the habitat in which

this species grows.

24. Bertya rosmarinifolia Planch., London J.

Bot. 4: 473, t. 16, fig. 2-5 (1845). Type:

[New South Wales.] Channel of Cox’s

River, [October 1822,] [A. Cunningham\

(lecto, here chosen: K (ex herb. Hook.);

isolecto: K (ex herb. Benth.)).

Croton rosmarinifolius A.Cunn. in B.

Fields, Geographical Memoirs on New

South Wales. 355 (1825), nom. illeg.,

non Salisb., Prod. 389 (1796). Type:

[New South Wales.] Channel of Cox’s

River, [October 1822,] [A.

Cunningham ] (lecto, here chosen: K (ex

herb. Hook.); isolecto: K (ex herb.

Benth.)).

Bertya polymorpha forma rosmarinifolia

Baill., Adansonia 6: 300 (1866). Type:

[New South Wales.] Channel of Cox’s

River, [October 1822,] [A.

Cunningham ] (lecto, here chosen: K (ex

herb. Hook.); isolecto: K (ex herb.

Benth.)).

Monoecious or dioecious, much branched

shrubs up to 2 m high, viscid on buds, flowers

and sometimes on young leaves. Branchlets ±

angular, becoming terete with age, with a dense

indumentum of stellate hairs, becoming

glabrous with age; hairs ± sessile, white to grey-

white, 0.1-0.5 mm across. Leaves petiolate,

spirally alternate or subopposite, ascending;

petiole plano-convex, 0.8-1.8 mm long,

glabrous adaxially, with a dense stellate-

pubescent indumentum up to 0.1 mm thick

abaxially; lamina lorate to linear, 7-25 mm

long, 0.8-1.6 mm wide, slightly recurved at

tip; adaxial surface dark green, with scattered

stellate hairs, glabrescent, smooth or sparsely

punctate; abaxial surface white, densely hairy

with sessile stellate hairs 0.2-0.4 mm across;

margin recurved to midrib concealing abaxial

surface; apex rounded to truncate or retuse,

usually ultimately terminated by a sessile

gland; base obtuse to cuneate; midvein slightly

impressed or raised adaxially, abaxially raised

and angular, stellate-pubescent; marginal

glands present at base of lamina, 1 or 2 each

side of midrib, c. 0.1 mm across, sessile.

Inflorescences of a single flower, pedunculate,

axillary; peduncles 0.9-2.5 mm long; bracts

6-8, persistent; outer bracts ovate or oblong,

0.6-1.7 mm long, 0.4-0.7 mm wide, rounded

to obtuse at tip, glabrous adaxially, stellate-

pubescent abaxially; inner bracts, ovate to

narrowly ovate, 0.9-1.1 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm

wide, acute at tip, glabrous or with scattered

stellate hairs abaxially. Male flowers sessile;

calyx lobes 5, light green or yellow-green with

a reddish coloured blush distally, ovate-elliptic

or oblong-elliptic, 2.7-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2.5

mm wide, rounded at tip, glabrous; androecium

2.8- 3.5 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm across; stamens

16-25; filaments up to 0.1 mm long; anthers

0.7-1 mm long. Female flowers sessile; calyx

5-lobed, light green tinged red to maroon

coloured distally; tube 0.5-0.9 mm long; lobes

± equal, erect, recurved to revolute distally,

ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.1-3.5 mm long, 0.8-

1.4 mm wide, acute to obtuse at tip, glabrous,

with margins entire; petals absent or

rudimentary when narrowly ovate or narrowly

obovate, up to 1.2 mm long and 0.3 mm wide,

glabrous; ovary ellipsoid, 1.3-1.6 mm long,

1.2-1.5 mm across, 3-locular, stellate-

pubescent; style with hairy column 0.2-0.3 mm

long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs red, 1.7-

2.8 mm long, c. 0.4 mm wide, deeply 2- or

3(rarely 4)-lobed; lobes 1.0-2.5 mm long; 0.1-

0.2 mm wide. Capsule ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid,

4.5-6.2 mm long, 2.7-3.1 mm across, ±

glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent, usually

1-seeded; persistent calyx lobes < half the

capsule length. Seed obloid, 3.2-3.5 mm long,

2.8- 2.9 mm wide, 1.5-1.7 mm across, light

brown; caruncle pyramidal, c. 0.7 mm across,

c. 0.5 mm long, creamy-white.

234

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Selected specimens (from 60 examined): Queensland.

Darling Downs District: Stanthorpe, Jul 1904, Boorman

(NSW); Stanforth [Stanthorpe], Nov 1943, Clemens (BRI);

Stanthorpe, Quart Pot Creek, Halford Q3834 (BRI). New

South Wales. Shoalhaven River, 200 m downstream from

Warri Bridge, Sep 1989, Butler 1612 (CANB); Mt

McDonald, near Lachlan River, Aug 1900, Cambage

(NSW); Walcha, Oct 1899, Campbell (AD, BRI, NSW);

Shoalhaven River, 9 miles [c. 14 km] NW of Braidwood,

Nov 1970, Common & Dugdale (CANB); WNW of Glen

Innes via Wellingrove in the Kings Plains National Park, Feb

1994, Coveny & Whalen 16624 (BRI, NSW); Apsley Falls,

Oxley Wild Rivers National Park, c. 19 km WSW of Walcha,

Sep 1990, Henderson & Turpin H3408 (BRI); ditto, Sep

1990, Henderson & Turpin H3407 (BRI); head of Apsley

Falls, Oct 1953, Johnson (NSW); Inverell, Aug 1905,

Maiden & Boorman (NSW); Cox’s River, Oct 1904, Maiden

& Cambage (NSW); Tallowa Dam, Shoalhaven River, Oct

1985, Mills (NSW); 10 mi les [c. 16 km] from Braidwood

towards Goulburn, Sep 1972, Salasoo 5055 (NSW);

Dangar’s Falls, 20 km SSE of Armidale, Sep 1988, Telford

10712 (BRI, CANB, MEL); Stony CreekFalls, E of Walcha,

Oct 1966, Wissmann (NE). Australian Capital Territory.

Queanbeyan River E of Wickerslack Lane, Apr 1997,

Crawford 4312 (CANB, NSW); Molonglo River near Oaks

Estate, below River Street, Nov 1989, Hadobas & Matthews

106 (CANB, NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya

rosmarinifolia occurs in eastern Australia from

Stanthorpe, Queensland, southwards to

Kameruka in southern New South Wales (Map

28). It is recorded from shrubland communities

on rocky river banks or rarely on rocky

mountain ridges. Soils are recorded as shallow

mostly alluvial sand or loam.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded from

July to October, with one record in February,

fruits from October to December.

Affinities: Bertya rosmarinifolia is

superficially similar to B. tasmanica but can

be distinguished from that by its generally

narrower, linear to linear-oblong leaf laminas

and its truncate to rounded leaf apex.

Typification: In the protologue of Bertya

rosmarinifolia, Planchon (1845) cited two

syntypes ‘Juxta amnem, Cox’ and ‘in montibus

coeruleis’ both collected by A. Cunningham.

At the time Planchon was an assistant to W.J.

Hooker at Kew. In the material on loan to BRI

from K we have located two specimens

collected by Alan Cunningham on two separate

sheets that are both stamped as originating

from Hooker’s herbarium. Although neither

sheet is clearly annotated by Planchon with the

name B. rosmarinifolia, both are considered

to be part of the original material used by

Planchon when describing the species. One

specimen has a field label attached to the

specimen stating ‘ Croton rosmarinifolia C,

handsome shrub to 8 feet high, Channel of

Cox’s River’, while the other has the following

information written on the sheet beside the

specimen: ‘Blue Mount, Nov. Holl.,

B. rosmarinifolia Miill.Arg.!, B rosmarinifolia

Planch.’.

We have chosen to lectotypify the name

B. rosmarinifolia Planch, by the specimen

originating from Hooker’s herbarium labelled

‘Channel of Cox’s River’. A third specimen

at K, on a sheet stamped as originating from

Bentham’s herbarium, appears to be a duplicate

of the specimen from Hooker’s herbarium here

chosen as lectotype for Planchon’s name

though it bears Cunningham’s collecting

number 64 whereas the others are without a

collecting number.

Cunningham’s Croton rosmarinifolius is

illegitimate being a later homonym of

Salisbury’s Croton rosmarinifolius of 1796, a

name which applies to a different species from

the West Indies.

25. Bertya rotundifolia F.Muell., Fragm. 4:

34 (1863). Type: [South Australia.]

Cygnet River, Kangaroo Island, [without

date,] F. Waterhouse (holo: MEL

[MEL 114120]; iso: K).

Illustration: J.Z. Weber (1986: p. 740, fig.

397B).

Monoecious or sometimes dioecious, much

branched shrubs up to 2 m high. Branchlets +

terete, with a dense indumentum of stellate

hairs, becoming glabrous with age; hairs sessile

or stipitate with stipes up to 1.5 mm long,

white, 0.2-0.7 mm across. Leaves petiolate,

spirally alternate, spreading; petiole plano¬

convex, 1.4-2.5 mm long, glabrous and smooth

above, with a dense stellate-pubescent

indumentum up to 0.4 mm thick below; lamina

ovate or orbicular, 5-10 mm long, 3-8 mm

wide; adaxial surface green, sparsely hairy with

stipitate stellate hairs 0.3-0.7 mm across,

glabrescent, tuberculate with persistent hair

bases; abaxial surface white, densely hairy with

sessile and stipitate hairs 0.2-0.5 mm across;

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

235

margin recurved; apex obtuse to rounded; base

obtuse or sometimes slightly cordate; midvein

obscure or slightly impressed adaxially,

abaxially raised; marginal glands usually

present at base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib,

c. 0.1 mm long, + sessile. Inflorescences of a

single flower, pedunculate, axillary; peduncles

0.5-0.8 mm long; bracts 4-8, persistent; outer

bracts ovate, 1.1-2 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm wide,

obtuse to rounded at tip, stellate-pubescent

abaxially; inner bracts ovate to broadly ovate,

0.9-1.1 mm long, 0.5-1.1 mm wide, obtuse at

tip, glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs

abaxially. Male flowers sessile; calyx lobes 5,

brown, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 1.5-3 mm long,

1.3-2.2 mm wide, obtuse to rounded at tip,

glabrous; androecium 1.9-3.0 mm long, 0.4-

0.5 mm across; stamens 18-25; filaments c.

0.1 mm long; anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long.

Female flowers subsessile; calyx 5-lobed,

yellow-green coloured; tube 0.5-0.7 mm long;

lobes equal, erect, recurved distally, narrowly

ovate to ovate, 1.5-2.2 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm

wide, acute or obtuse at tip, glabrous or with a

sparse indumentum of stellate hairs abaxially,

glabrous adaxially, with margins entire; petals

absent; ovary subglobose, c. 1.5 mm long, c.

1.5 mm across, 3-locular, stellate-pubescent;

style with glabrous column 0.3-0.5 mm long

and 3 spreading limbs; limbs red, 1.6-2.2 mm

long, c. 0.2 mm wide, deeply 2- or 3-lobed;

lobes 1.2-1.6 mm long, c. 0.1 mm wide.

Capsule ovoid to ellipsoid, 6-7 mm long, 3.5-

4 mm across, with a moderately dense

indumentum of stellate hairs, glabrescent, 1-

seeded; persistent calyx lobes < half the capsule

length. Seed obloid or ellipsoid, 4.3-5.5 mm

long, 2.5-3.8 mm wide, 2.2-3.3 mm across,

light brown and mottled with grey, dark brown

and black; caruncle pyramidal, 1.0-2.1 mm

across, 1.2-1.5 mm long, yellowish-white.

Kangaroo Island Bertya.

Selected specimens (from 68 examined): South Australia.

Muston, Kangaroo Island, Aug 1943, Cooper (AD);

Kingscote-Penneshaw road, c. 11 km WSW of American

River, Dec 1989, Davies 1491 (CANB, MEL, NSW); c. 13

km S of Kingscote, Nov 1958, Eichler 15263 (AD); Cygnet

River Bridge on Amen Corner to Kohinoor Road, c. 2 km

NW of junction with Playford Highway, Aug 1982, Jackson

4529 (AD); c. 3 km along 3-Chain Road from Kingscote-

Penneshaw road, Sep 1994, Jones & Jones 13280 (CANB);

Kangaroo Island, 1 km N of Flour Cask Bay, Jun 1986,

Kraehenbuehl (MEL); Hundred of Haines, Kangaroo Island,

Jun 1989, Lang 8497 (BRI); near American River, Kangaroo

Island, Nov 1973, Nelson ANU17289 (AD, CANB); near

Destree Bay, Kangaroo Island, Aug 1964, Phillips (CANB);

Stake’s Bay Road, Kangaroo Island, Oct 1976, Spooner

4782 (AD); near Birchmore Lagoon, 21 km SW of Kingscote,

Nov 1958, Wilson 892 (AD).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya rotundifolia

is confined to South Australia where it is

restricted to Kangaroo Island (Map 29). It is

recorded as growing in coastal shrubland or

open woodland communities on sandy soils.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded in

February, from May to October and in

December, fruits from August to December.

26. Bertya sharpeana Guymer, Austrobaileya

2(5): 427 (1988). Type: Queensland.

Moreton District: Mt Coolum, 14

August 1982, G.P. Guymer 1111 (holo:

BRI; iso: AD n.v., BRI, CANB, K n.v.,

MEL n.v., NSW, PERTH n.v., fide

Guymer, loc. cit.).

Illustration: G.P. Guymer (1988: p. 428,

fig. 1).

Monoecious or dioecious, much branched

shrubs up to 4 m high. Branchlets terete, with

a dense indumentum of stellate hairs, becoming

glabrous with age though remaining

tuberculate by persistent hair bases; hairs

stipitate with stipes 0.1-0.8 mm long, white,

0.7-1.3 mm across. Leaves petiolate, spirally

alternate, spreading; petiole plano-convex, 1-

4 mm long, slightly grooved adaxially, with a

dense stellate-pubescent indumentum up to 2.5

mm thick; lamina narrowly ovate to ovate, 8-

22 mm long, 3-10 mm wide; adaxial surface

green, sparsely hairy with stipitate stellate hairs

0.3-1.0 mm across, glabrescent, tuberculate

with persistent hair bases; abaxial surface

white, densely hairy with stipitate stellate hairs

0.3-0.7 mm across; margin recurved or flat;

apex obtuse to acute; base obtuse or slightly

cordate; midvein slightly impressed adaxially,

abaxially raised and angular or rounded,

stellate-pubescent; marginal glands usually

present at base of lamina, 1 each side of midrib,

c. 0.1 mm across, stipitate with stipes 0.2-0.7

mm long. Inflorescences of a single flower,

pedunculate, axillary; peduncles 0.5-0.7 mm

long; bracts 5-9, persistent; outer bracts

narrowly ovate to broadly ovate, 1.2-1.6 mm

236

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

long, 0.7-1.7 mm wide, acute or acuminate at

tip, glabrous or stellate-pubescent distally

adaxially, stellate-pubescent abaxially; inner

bracts broadly ovate to orbicular, 1.1-1.6 mm

long, 1.3-1.7 mm wide, obtuse to rounded at

tip, glabrous or stellate-pubescent distally

abaxially. Male flowers sessile; calyx lobes 5,

white with a pinkish-coloured blush, turning

reddish-pink with age, elliptic to oblong-

elliptic, 2.5-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide,

rounded at tip, glabrous; androecium 3.0-4.0

mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm across; stamens 47-53;

filaments c. 0.1 mm long; anthers 0.4-1 mm

long. Female flowers sessile; calyx 5-lobed,

light green coloured; tube 0.3-0.4 mm long;

lobes equal, erect, recurved distally, ovate to

oblong-ovate, 1.0-2.7 mm long, 0.8-1.8 mm

wide, rounded to obtuse at tip, glabrous, with

margins mostly fimbriate; petals absent or

rudimentary when ovate or obovate, up to 0.8

mm long and 0.4 mm wide, glabrous; ovary

globose, 0.8-0.9 mm long, 0.8-0.9 mm across,

3-locular, sparsely to densely stellate-

pubescent; style with hairy column c. 0.1 mm

long and 3 spreading limbs; limbs red to

maroon, 1.1-4.5 mm long, deeply 2- to 4-

lobed; lobes 0.6-3.5 mm long, 0.1-0.4 mm

wide. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid or narrowly

ovoid, 4-8 mm long, 2.4-3.5 mm across,

sparsely stellate-pubescent, 1-seeded; persistent

calyx lobes < half the capsule length. Seed

obloid-ellipsoid, 3.1-4.5 mm long, 2.0-2.9 mm

wide, 2.3-2.7 mm across, light brown and

mottled with dark brown; caruncle pyramidal,

c. 1.8 mm across, c. 1.1 mm long, creamy-

white.

Selected specimens (froml9 examined): Queensland.

North Kennedy District: Roma Peak, c. 40 km S of Bowen,

Jun 1991, Bean 3365 (BRI, CANB); ditto, Jun 1991, Bean

3360 (BRI, NSW). South Kennedy District: Dick’s

Tableland, Eungella National Park, Aug 1990, Pearson 364

(BRI). Leichhardt District: Diamond Cliffs, Sydney Heads,

W of Mackay, Feb 1990, Pearson E205 (BRI). Moreton

District: Mt Coolum, Sep 1989, Batianoff 890905 (BRI,

NSW); ditto, Aug 1982, Guymer & Sharpe 1768 (BRI,

NSW); ditto, Jul 1982, Sharpe 3213 (BRI, NSW); ditto,

Sep 1981, Sharpe & Batianoff 2992 (BRI, NSW); ditto,

Nov 1981, Sharpe 3049 (BRI, NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya sharpeana

has a disjunct distribution in central and south¬

eastern Queensland from near Bowen, Mackay

and Nambour (Map 30). It is recorded as

growing on rhyolitic outcrops mostly in heath

but occasionally in open forest or woodland

communities or on rainforest margins. Soils

are recorded as skeletal dark brown organic

loams.

Phenology : Flowers have been recorded from

June to September and in November, fruits in

August, September and November.

Notes: The northern populations of

B. sharpeana tend to have slightly longer and

broader leaf laminas and larger female flowers

than those from the type locality at Mt Coolum,

south-east Queensland.

27. Bertya tasmanica (Sond. & F.Muell.)

Mtill.Arg., Linnaea 34: 63 (1865);

Ricinocarpos tasmanicus Sond. &

F.Muell., Linnaea 28: 562 (1857). Type:

Tasmania, [without date,] C. Stuart (holo:

MEL (ex herb. Sonder) [MEL2065834];

iso: G-DC n.v., microfiche IDC 800-73.

2456: I. 6).

Monoecious or sometimes apparently

dioecious, much branched shrubs up to 2.5 m

high, sometimes thinly viscid on buds and

flowers. Branchlets ± angular, becoming terete

with age, with a dense indumentum of stellate

hairs, becoming glabrous with age; hairs ±

sessile or stipitate with stipes up to 0.1 mm

long, white to grey-white or golden brown, 0.1-

0.3(0.6) mm across. Leaves petiolate, spirally

alternate, ascending to spreading; petiole ± bi¬

convex or plano-convex, 1.0-3.1 mm long,

with a dense stellate-pubescent indumentum

up to 0.1 mm thick on both surfaces or glabrous

adaxially; lamina lorate to linear, 8-32 mm

long, 1.2-1.6 mm wide; adaxial surface green

to grey-green, with a sparse to moderately

dense indumentum of stellate hairs up to 0.4

mm across, glabrescent, smooth, sparsely

punctate or minutely tuberculate with persistent

hair bases; abaxial surface white, densely hairy

with sessile or shortly stipitate stellate hairs

0.1-0.5 mm across; margin recurved or

revolute to midrib concealing abaxial surface;

apex obtuse to acute, rarely apiculate with

extension from mibrib up to 0.5 mm long; base

cuneate or obtuse; midvein obscure, raised or

slightly impressed adaxially, abaxially raised

and angular to rounded, stellate-pubescent;

marginal glands present at base of lamina, 1

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

237

each side of midrib, c. 0.1 mm across, sessile

or stipitate with stipes up to 0.1 mm long.

Inflorescences of a single flower or rarely

umbelliform with 2 flowers, pedunculate,

axillary; peduncles 0.7-2.0 mm long; bracts

5-9, persistent; outer bracts ovate to narrowly

ovate or oblong, 1.4-3.4 mm long, 0.6-1.7 mm

wide, densely stellate-pubescent on both

surfaces or glabrous adaxially; inner bracts

ovate to broadly ovate, orbicular or lanceolate,

1.2-2.4 mm long, 0.7-1.7 mm wide, glabrous

except for stellate hairs on midline of abaxial

surface. Male flowers + sessile; calyx lobes 5,

yellowish coloured with a reddish blush

distally, ovate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 2.4-

5.1 mm long, 2.0-3.2 mm wide, rounded at

tip, glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs on

margin or along midline adaxially; androecium

1.6-3.0 mm long, 0.3-0.9 mm across; stamens

15-55; filaments 0.1-0.2 mm long; anthers

1.0-1.3 mm long. Female flowers + sessile;

calyx 5-lobed, light green but tinged red to

maroon distally; tube 0.5-0.8 mm long; lobes

± equal, erect, recurved or revolute distally,

narrowly ovate to ovate or narrowly triangular,

1.8-4.3 mm long in flower, up to 6 mm long

in fruit, 0.7-1.9 mm wide, acute or rarely

rounded at tip, glabrous or sparsely to densely

stellate-pubescent abaxially, with margins

entire or fimbriate; petals absent or

rudimentary when up to 0.2 mm long and 0.1

mm wide, glabrous; ovary ellipsoid, 1.3-2.2

mm long, 1.1-1.7 mm across, 3(rarely 4)-

locular, densely stellate-pubescent to

tomentose, rarely glabrous; style with hairy

column 0.1-0.6 mm long and 3(rarely 4)

spreading limbs; limbs maroon or pale yellow,

1.6-2.9 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide, deeply 2-

to 4-lobed; lobes 1.0-2.3 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm

wide. Capsule ellipsoid or narrowly ovoid, 5.6-

8.0 mm long, 3.1-4.1 mm across, with a sparse

to dense indumentum of stellate hairs or rarely

glabrous, 1-seeded; persistent calyx lobes < half

the capsule length. Seed obloid, 3.9-5.2 mm

long, 2.0-3.4 mm wide, 1.8-3.1 mm across,

light brown; caruncle pyramidal, 1.1-1.5 mm

across, 0.6-0.9 mm long, yellowish-white.

Distribution : Bertya tasmanica is widespread

in south-east Australia from near Kimba, South

Australia eastwards to Coonabarabran and the

Southern Tablelands, New South Wales,

southward to the east coast of Tasmania.

Notes: As circumscribed here Bertya

tasmanica includes the taxon that has

previously been known by the misapplied name

B. mitchellii.

Two geographically disjunct taxa are

recognizable within B. tasmanica as accepted

here. These taxa are here recognized as

subspecies which can be distinguished using

the following key.

Calyx lobes of female flowers glabrous.27a. B. tasmanica subsp. tasmanica

Calyx lobes of female flowers sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent

.27b. B. tasmanica subsp. vestita

27a. Bertya tasmanica (Sond. & F.Muell.)

Miill.Arg. subsp. tasmanica

Monoecious or sometimes dioecious shrubs,

usually thinly viscid on buds and flowers.

Stellate hairs + sessile, white to grey-white,

0.1-0.3 mm across. Leaves spreading; petiole

glabrous adaxially, with a dense indumentum

up to 0.1 mm thick on abaxial surface; lamina

with adaxial surface green, sparsely hairy with

stellate hairs, glabrescent, smooth or sparsely

punctate; apex obtuse to acute, sometimes

ultimately terminated by a sessile gland;

midvein slightly impressed adaxially.

Inflorescences of a single flower, axillary. Male

flowers with calyx lobes ovate or elliptic, 2.4-

3.3 mm long, 2-2.4 mm wide, glabrous, and

stamens c. 27. Female flowers with calyx lobes

narrowly ovate to ovate, 1.8-3.6 mm long,

acute at tip, glabrous, with margins entire;

petals absent or rudimentary when up to 0.2

mm long and 0.1 mm wide; ovary 3-locular,

stellate-tomentose; style with 3 spreading

limbs; limbs deeply 2- or 3-lobed. Capsule

5.6-6.5 mm long, 3.5-3.7 mm across, with a

moderately dense indumentum of stellate hairs.

Seed 3.9-4.3 mm long, 2.0-2.2 mm wide, 1.8-

2.1 mm across.

238

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Selected specimens (from 15 examined)’. Tasmania. Old

Coles Bay Road, c. 100 m SE of Apsley River old bridge,

Nov 1990, Buchanan 11810 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW);

Apsley River, old bridge on Coles Bay road, Sep 1983,

Crowden (AD, HO, MEL); Apsley River, c. 1 km up road

NE from Tasman Highway Junction - Coles Bay road, Oct

1990, Henderson & Turpin H3447 (BRI); ditto, Oct 1990

Henderson & Turpin H3446 (BRI); road to Coles Bay,

Freycinet Peninsula, Nov 1960, Phillips (CANB); on banks

of Swan and Cygnet Rivers, Story (MEL).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya tasmanica

subsp. tasmanica is confined to the east coast

of Tasmania where is it restricted to near

Bicheno and Cranbrook (Map 31). It is

recorded as growing in riparian habitats in

heath or woodland communities with a dense

shrubby understorey on sandy soils.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded from

September to November, fruits in November.

Affinities: Bertya tasmanica subsp. tasmanica

is similar to B. rosmarinifolia with which it

shares a similar habitat. It differs from

B. rosmarinifolia in having obtuse to acute

rather than rounded to truncate or retuse leaf

laminas which are slightly wider and more

attenuate proximally and distally and petioles

spreading rather than somewhat appressed to

branchlets.

27b. Bertya tasmanica subsp. vestita Halford

& R.J.F.Hend. subsp. nov. ab

B. tasmanica (Sond. & F.Muell.)

Miill.Arg. subsp. tasmanica floribus

femineis calycis lobis stellato-

pubescentibus non glabris differt. Typus:

Victoria, c. 18 km SSE of Walpeup, on

road to Hopetoun, September 1989,

Henderson & Turpin H3277 (holo: BRI;

iso: AD, MEL, according to label

information on holotype)

Bertya mitchellii var. vestita Griming in

A.Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 61 (1913).

Type: Victoria, [without date,] F.

Mueller (syn: n.v.); Murray Desert,

[without date,] F. Mueller (syn: n.v.;

?isosyn: MEL (ex herb. Sonder)

[MEL2062917], CANB

[CANB258548]); Lake Albacutya,

[without date,] C. French (syn: n.v.);

Wimmera Distr., [without date,] F.

Mueller (syn: n.v.).

Illustrations: L. Costermans (1986, p. 211)

as Bertya mitchellii ; M.G. Corrick and

B.A. Fuhrer (2000, p. 82) as Bertya

mitchellii.

Monoecious (some plants prominently male or

female) shrubs, not viscid. Stellate hairs sessile

or stipitate with stipes up to 0.1 mm long, grey-

white or rarely golden brown, up to 0.2(0.6)

mm across. Leaves ascending to spreading;

petiole with a dense indumentum up to 0.1 mm

thick on all surfaces; lamina with adaxial

surface green to grey-green, with a sparse to

moderately dense indumentum of stellate hairs,

glabrescent, minutely tuberculate with

persistent hair bases; apex acute to obtuse,

rarely apiculate by extension from midrib up

to 0.5 mm long; midvein obscure, raised or

slightly impressed adaxially. Inflorescences of

a single flower or rarely umbelliform with 2

flowers, axillary. Male flowers with calyx lobes

elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3.2-5.1 mm long,

1.9-3.2 mm wide, glabrous or with scattered

stellate hairs on margin or along midline

adaxially, and stamens (15-)30-55. Female

flowers with calyx lobes narrowly ovate or

narrowly triangular, 2.3-4.3 mm long, acute

or rarely rounded at tip, glabrous adaxially,

sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent

(sometimes glabrous towards margins)

abaxially, with margins fimbriate; petals

absent; ovary 3(rarely 4)-locular, sparsely to

densely stellate-pubescent, rarely glabrous;

style 3(rarely 4) spreading limbs; limbs deeply

(rarely 2-) 3- or 4-lobed. Capsule 6.4-8 mm

long, 3-4.1 mm across, with a sparse to dense

indumentum of stellate hairs or rarely glabrous.

Seed 4.5-5.2 mm long, 2.5-3.4 mm wide, 2.3-

3.1 mm across.

Distribution and habitat: Bertya tasmanica

subsp. vestita occurs from near Kimba, South

Australia, eastwards to Swan Hill in north¬

western Victoria, with disjunct populations in

the Coonabarabran area and Southern

Tablelands of New South Wales and East

Gippsland in Victoria (Map 32). It is recorded

mostly as growing on sand plains or sand dune

crests in mallee heath, tall shrubland, open

woodland or open heath communities on deep

white, red or yellow-brown sand, but also

between sand dunes in mallee heath

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

239

communities on clay soils. In the eastern part

of its range, this subspecies is recorded growing

on hill slopes and valley flats on soils derived

from limestone, and on shallow to deep sandy

alluvium on rocky river beds and banks.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded in

most months of the year, fruits from September

to December with one collection in April.

Etymology: The subspecific epithet is from

Latin vestitus, meaning ‘clothed’, in reference

to the dense indumentum on the calyx lobes of

female flowers of this subspecies.

Notes: This subspecies has long been known

by the misapplied name B. mitchellii (Bentham

1873, Weber 1986, James and Harden 1990,

Jeanes 1999). See ‘Notes’ under B. oleifolia.

Generally Bertya tasmanica subsp.

vestita is remarkably morphologically uniform

over the majority of its range from South

Australia to western Victoria. The Rohrlach

collection from the Eyre Peninsula, South

Australia, Rohrlach 70 (AD), has a yellowish

rather than greyish-white indumentum on its

branchlets but it is otherwise typical of

B. tasmanica subsp. vestita. Clintson’s

specimen from the Grampians, western

Victoria, Clintson [CANB383031] (CANB),

has a sparse stellate indumentum on the ovary

and the calyx lobes in female flowers are acute

to attenuate which is more characteristic of

B. tasmanica subsp. tasmanica. However, the

calyx lobes are sparsely stellate-pubescent, the

leaves are robust and the habit is more

characteristic of B. tasmanica subsp. vestita.

In the eastern portions of the range of

B. tasmanica subsp. vestita, there are three

variants that warrant further collection and

study. These differ in habitat and vestiture

characteristics found in plants of the more

widespread typical variant to the west.

For comparison purposes, plants from

most parts, i.e. the western portions, of the

subspecies’ distributional range may loosely be

identified as belonging to the ‘typical variant’.

Those from the often disjunct eastern portions

may loosely be treated as belonging to the

‘golden-haired variant’, the ‘fine-haired

variant’ or the ‘glabrous ovary variant’.

‘Typical variant’

This variant occurs widely in South Australia

and western Victoria.

Representative specimens : South Australia. Crown lands

WNW of Kimba, Oct 1981, Alcock 8869 (AD, CANB);

Hundred of Playford, section 282, N of Cowell, Aug 1965,

Alcock 620 (AD, CANB); 50 miles [c. 80 km] from

Kyancutta towards Kimba, on Eyre Highway, Aug 1968,

Canning (AD, CANB, NSW); c. 29 km N of Pinnaroo on

road to Loxton, Oct 1989, Henderson & Turpin H3319

(BRI); 3 miles [c. 5 km] N of MacDonald Reserve on

Monarto road, Oct 1971, Melville 11. 677 (AD, K); 2 miles

[c. 3 km] W of Murray Bridge, Aug 1952, Melville & Specht

408 (MEL, NSW); Mt Rescue National Park, c. 16 km N of

Keith, Aug 1968, Orchard 1010 (AD); Calperum sandridges,

Oct 1980, Spooner 7231 (AD); Scorpion Springs

Conservation Park, S of Pinnaroo, Oct 1923, Symon 8679

(AD, CANB); Mt Shaugh Conservation Park, Oct 1977,

Symon 10726 (AD, CANB); Chauncey’s Line, 10 km SE of

Hartley, Sep 1958, Whibley 230 (AD). Victoria, c. 14 km

N along the SA/Vic border track from its intersection with

final 3 km track into Red Bluff, Big Desert, Nov 1984,

Albrecht 1204 (MEL); Murrawong North, Sep 1986,

Beauglehole ACB83935 (CANB, MEL); 3 miles [c. 5 km]

S of Millewa Tank, Sunset Country, Sep 1965, Filson 7454A

(MEL, NSW); c. 18 km W of Swan Hill, on road to Sealake,

Sep 1989, Henderson & Turpin H3271 (BRI, CANB); c. 8

km S of Hattah heading towards Ouyen on Calder Highway,

Sep 1989, Henderson & Turpin H3267 (BRI); S end of

Hattah Kulkyne National Park, Bulldozed firebreak 200 m

E of Calder Highway, 20 m S of roadside stop, Roadside

stop is 27.3 km N of Ouyen, Aug 1996, Macfarlane 133

(MEL, NSW); c. 13 mi les [21 km] N of Ouyen on the Calder

Highway, Aug 1960, Muir 1190 (AD, BRI, DNA, MEL,

NSW); c. 5.9 miles [9 km] N of Bore Mill, 30.4 miles [c. 49

km] N of Yanac, on Nhill-Murray ville Road, Big Desert, Aug

1959, Smith 59/160 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL).

‘Golden-haired variant’

This variant occurs in the Yarrangobilly area

on the Southern Tablelands of New South

Wales where it is recorded as growing on steep

hill slopes and valley flats on soils derived from

limestone. The indumentum on most parts is

golden-brown and coarser than that in plants

typical of B. tasmanica subsp. vestita. Also,

the capsules are less densely hairy than is

typical.

Representative specimens'. New South Wales, on track to

Castle Cove at Yarrangobilly Caves, Oct 1993, Duncan (BRI

[AQ580505], NSW); Clarke Gorge, Cave Creek, Coolamon

Caves,44kmNNEofKiandra, Jan 1997 ,Jobsonetal. 4616

(BRI, NSW); Cave Creek near the Blue Waterholes (head of

Goodradigbee River), Nov 1970, Rodd 1532,1532A(NSW);

Cave Creek, !4 mile [c. 400m] N of the Blue Waterholes (11

miles [c. 18 km] NE of Rules Point), Apr 1969, Rodd 806

(NSW); near parking lot opposite Caves House,

Yarrangobilly Caves, Nov 1982, Spate [CANB463637]

240

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

(CANB); Kosciusko National Park, Yarrangobilly Caves,

near Glory Arch, Feb 1981, Taylor & Hadlow 1328 (CANB);

Cooleman Caves area, on Caves Creek, Jun 1965, Whaite &

Whaite 2864 (NSW); Yarrangobilly Caves, Dec 1948,

Whaite [NSW194931] (NSW).

‘Fine-haired variant’

This variant is recorded mostly from along

rivers in eastern Victoria, the Southern

Tablelands of New South Wales and the

Australian Capital Territory growing on sandy

alluvium on rocky river beds and banks, with

two records ( Costin , MEL & NSW) from a

treeless basaltic slope. The indumentum on

most parts is greyish-white but generally

consisting of more slender hairs than those

found in the ‘typical variant’. The ‘fine-haired

variant’ has generally sparsely hairy and more

attenuate calyx lobes in female flowers, and

sparsely hairy capsules.

Representative specimens: Australian Capital Territory.

Pine Island on the Murrumbidgee River, Oct 1971, Berg

RYB371A (CANB); Angle crossing on Murrumbidgee River,

Aug 1988, Lepschi 31 (CANB); near Uriarra Crossing, Apr

1954, McKee 970 (NSW); Pine Island, Oct 1955, Moore

3076 (CANB); Murrumbidgee River, below Kambah Pool,

1 km SSW of Forster Hill, Sep 1989, Telford 10822 (BRI,

CANB). New South Wales. Murrumbidgee and Cotter River

junction, Nov 1911, Cambage 2980,2989 (NSW); Cooma,

Monaro District, Aug 1948, Costin [MEL114081] (MEL);

SE of Slack Creek crossing, Cooma - Dry Plain road, Aug

1948, Costin [NSW194910] (NSW); ‘Murrunga’, 8 km S

of ACT border, Murrumbidgee River at confluence with

Gossoon Creek, Oct 1995, Crawford 3165 (CANB, NSW).

Victoria. Mitta Mitta River, Jan 1854, Mueller

[MEL114072] (MEL).

‘Glabrous ovary variant’

This variant is recorded from scattered

localities in the Eastern Highlands of Victoria

and the Southern Tablelands of New South

Wales. It grows in a habitat similar to that of

the ‘fine-haired variant’. The ‘glabrous ovary

variant’ has a pale yellow indumentum

especially on young shoots, glabrous ovary,

sparsely hairy to glabrous calyx lobes and

leaves somewhat shorter than those of the

‘typical variant’.

Representative specimens: New South Wales. Braidwood

District, Jan 1885, Bauerlen 369 (MEL); Umaralla River c

3 km SE of Dangelong, c. 20 km SSE of Cooma, Feb 1984,

James & Taylor 521 (NSW); c. 23 km SSE of Nimmitabel,

banks of Bombala River at crossing of New Line Road, Jun

1993, Makinson & McGillivray 1211 (BRI, CANB);

Umaralla River, downstream from Dangelong, Jun 1976,

Parris [NSW194934] (NSW); McLaughlin River, 200 m

upstream from junction with Jettiba Creek, 7 km directly S

of Nimmitabel, Oct 1999, Taws 1091 (BRI). Victoria.

Narracan, Sep 1982, Merson [MEL625980] (MEL);

Bundarrah River bridge at Angler’s Rest (Blue Duck), c. 18

miles [29 km] NW of Omeo, Nov 1962, Rogers

[MEL 114282] (MEL).

28. Bertya virgata (Ewart) Halford &

R.J.F.Hend. comb. nov.

Beyeria virgata Ewart, Proc. Roy. Soc.

Victoria 33(new series): 226/7 (1921).

Type: [Western Australia.] LakeLefroy,

7 November 1891, R. Helms (holo:

MEL [MEL114229]; iso: NSW

[NSW194995, NSW194996,

NSW273281], K).

Bertya dimerostigma var. cupressoidea

Griming in A. Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58:

62 (1913); Bertya cupressoidea

(Griming) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 26(1):

67/8(1971). Type: [Western Australia.]

Lake Lefroy, 7 November 1891, R.

Helms (holo: NSW [NSW194995]; iso:

NSW [NSW194996, NSW273281],

MEL [MEL114229], K).

Dioecious, much branched shrubs to 1.4 m

high, viscid especially on young shoots.

Branchlets ± angular, glabrous, with surface

papillose under viscid layer. Leaves sessile or

shortly petiolate, spirally alternate, appressed;

petiole, where present, plano-convex, up to 0.4

mm long, glabrous, smooth; lamina oblong,

1.5-3 mm long, 0.8-1.3 mm wide; adaxial

surface green, glabrous, + smooth; abaxial

surface white, densely hairy with sessile stellate

(up to 0.1 mm across) and simple (up to 0.5

mm long) hairs; margin strongly recurved to

midrib concealing abaxial surface; apex

rounded, usually ultimately shortly apiculate

and terminated by a gland; base obtuse;

midvein obscure adaxially, abaxially raised and

rounded, glabrous, smooth; marginal glands

sometimes present at base of lamina when 1

each side of midrib, c. 0.1 mm across, sessile.

Inflorescences of a single flower, pedunculate,

axillary; peduncles up to 0.5 mm long; bracts

4-8, persistent, oblong to linear, 1-2 mm long,

0.3-0.8 mm wide, obtuse or rounded at tip,

glabrous. Male flowers sessile; calyx lobes 5,

of unknown colour when fresh, elliptic, 2.7-

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

241

4.0 mm long, 1-3.7 mm wide, rounded at tip,

glabrous; androecium c. 2 mm long, c. 0.5 mm

across; stamens c. 26; filaments 0.1-0.2 mm

long; anthers 0.8-0.9 mm long. Female

flowers sessile; calyx 5-lobed, of unknown

colour when fresh; tube up to 0.1 mm long;

lobes unequal with inner lobes narrower, erect,

ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2.1-2.3 mm long, 0.9-

1.5 mm wide, rounded to obtuse at tip,

glabrous, with margins entire or minutely

fimbriate; petals absent; ovary ovoid, c. 1.5 mm

long, 0.6-1.3 mm across, 3-locular, glabrous;

style with glabrous column 0.2-0.3 mm long

and 3 spreading limbs; limbs of unknown

colour when fresh, c. 1 mm long, c. 0.3 mm

wide, deeply 2-lobed; lobes 0.6-1 mm long,

0.1-0.2 mm wide. Capsule ellipsoid, 3.9-4.5

mm long, 3.2-3.7 mm across, glabrous, 1 -

seeded; persistent calyx lobes < half the capsule

length. Seed ellipsoid, c. 3.3 mm long, c. 2.5

mm wide, c. 2.4 mm across, light brown;

caruncle not seen.

Selected specimens (from 11 examined): Western

Australia. 84 km from Norseman along Eyre Highway to

Balladonia, Feb 1970, Barnsley 1069 (CANB); 76 km E of

Norseman on Eyre Highway, Aug 1995, Cranfield 10044a

(NSW); c. 75 km ENE of Norseman, Sep 1973, Donner 4652

(PERTH); Lake Leffoy, Nov 1891, Helms (MEL, NSW);

46 miles [c. 74 km] E of Norseman, Oct 1963, Jefferies

631016 (K, PERTH); [withoutlocality,] May 1964, Jefferies

640505 (PERTH); 22 km E of Sinclair Soak, c. 70 km NE

of Norseman, Sep 1980, Newbey 7510 (CANB, PERTH);

30 km E of Sinclair Soak, c. 90 km NE of Norseman, Aug

1980, Newbey 7079 (PERTH).

Distribution and habitat : Bertya virgata is

confined to the south-west of Western Australia

between Coolgardie and Norseman (Map 33).

It is recorded as growing in open mallee or

low open woodland communities on well-

drained aeolian sandy or pebbly brown sandy

clay soils on sand dunes.

Phenology: Flowers have been recorded in

May, August and September, fruits in August

and September.

Excluded names

Bertya andrewsii W.Fitzg., J. Western Australia

Nat. Hist. Soc. 2(2): 31 (1905) = Ricinocarpos

stylosus Diels

Bertya gummifera var. psiloclada Miill.Arg.,

Flora 47(30): 471 (1864) = Ricinocarpos

psiloclada (Miill.Arg.) Benth.

Bertya psiloclada (Miill.Arg.) Baill.,

Adansonia 6: 299 (1866), nom. inval. =

Ricinocarpos psiloclada (Miill.Arg.) Benth.

Bertya quadrisepala F.Muell., Fragm. 10: 52

(1876) = Ricinocarpos muricatus Miill.Arg.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Gordon Guymer,

Director of BRI, for making working space and

facilities at BRI available for the first author,

the directors and curators of AD, CANB, DNA,

HO, K, MEL, NE, NSW and PERTH for the

loan of their holdings for study at BRI. The

following persons provided assistance and they

are thanked sincerely for their efforts; Alex

Chapman and Bob Chinnock for searching for

types on our behalf at CGE and BM while

acting as Australian Botanical Liaison Officer

at K, Will Smith (BRI) for the illustrations,

Gerry Turpin, Paul Robins and Andrew Franks

(all BRI) during fieldwork undertaken by the

second author and Peter Bostock (BRI) for

preparing the maps. Associated fieldwork from

1988 to 1992 by the second author and salary

support in 1999 and 2000 for the first author

was funded by grants from the Australian

Biological Resources Study (ABRS),

Environment Australia, which are gratefully

acknowledged.

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243

Maps 8-22. Distribution of Bertya taxa. 8. Bertya ernestiana 9. Bertya findlayi 10. Bertya glandulosa 11. Bertya

grampiana 12. Bertya granitica 13. Bertya gummifera 14. Bertya ingramii 15. Bertya lapicola subsp. lapicola 16.

Bertya lapicola subsp. brevifolia 17 . Bertya linearifolia 18. Bertya mollissima 19. Bertya oblonga 20. Bertya oleifolia

21. Bertya opponens 22. Bertya pedicellata

244

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 187-245 (2002)

Maps 23-33. Distribution of Bertya taxa. 23. Bertya pinifolia 24. Bertya polystigma 25. Bertya pomaderroides 26.

Bertya recurvata 27. Bertya riparia 28. Bertya rosmarinifolia 29. Bertya rotundifolia 30. Bertya sharpeana 31.

Bertya tasmanica subsp. tasmanica. 32. Bertya tasmanica subsp. vestita 33. Bertya virgata

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Bertya

245

Index to Scientific Names

Names in bold type are accepted names and

those in light are synonyms etc. The numbers

refer to the number of the species accepted in

the above taxonomic treatment. ‘Excl.’ refers

to a name listed under Excluded names which

applies to a taxon generically distinct from

Bertya.

Bertya andrewsii W.Fitzg.Excl.

Bertya astrotricha Blakely .1

Bertya brownii S.Moore.1

Bertya calycina Halford & R.J.F.Hend.2

Bertya cunninghamii Planch.3

Bertya cunninghamii Planch, subsp. cunninghamii .... 3a

Bertya cunninghamii subsp. pubiramula Halford &

R.J.F.Hend.3b

Bertya cunninghamii subsp. rupicola Halford &

R.J.F.Hend. 3c

Bertya cupressoidea (Griming) Airy Shaw.28

Bertya dimerostigma F.Muell.4

Bertya dimerostigma var. cupressoidea Griming.28

Bertya dimerostigma F.Muell. var. dimerostigma .4

Bertya dimerostigma var. genuina Griming.4

Bertya ernestiana Halford & R.J.F.Hend.5

Bertya findlayi F.Muell.6

Bertya glabrescens (C.T.White) Guymer.18

Bertya glandulosa Griming.7

Bertya grampiana Halford & R.J.F.Hend.8

Bertya granitica Halford & R.J.F.Hend.9

Bertya gummifera Planch.10

Bertya gummifera var. genuina Mull.Arg.10

Bertya gummifera Planch, var. gummifera . 10

Bertya gummifera var. psiloclada Mull.Arg.Excl.

Bertya ingramii T. A. James.11

Bertya lapicola Halford & R.J.F.Hend.12

Bertya lapicola Halford & R.J.F.Hend. subsp. lapicola 12a

Bertya lapicola subsp. brevifolia Halford & R.J.F.Hend. 12b

Bertya linearifolia Halford & R.J.F.Hend.13

Bertya mitchellii (Sond.) Mull.Arg.16

Bertya mitchellii var. genuina Griming.16

Bertya mitchellii (Sond.) Mull.Arg.var. mitchellii . 16

Bertya mitchellii var. vestita Griming.27b

Bertya mollissima Blakely.14

Bertya neglecta Dumrner.10

Bertya oblonga Blakely.15

Bertya oblongifolia Muell.Arg.21

Bertya oleifolia Planch.16

Bertya oleifolia var. glabrescens C.T.White.18

Bertya oppositifolia F.Muell. & O’Shanesy.17

Bertya pedicellata F.Muell.18

Bertya pinifolia Planch...19

Bertya polymorpha Baill.16

Bertya polymorpha Baill. forma polymorpha . 16

Bertya polymorpha forma genuina Baill.16

Bertya polymorpha forma mitchelliana Baill.10

Bertya polymorpha forma rosmarinifolia Baill.24

Bertya polystigma Griming.20

Bertya pomaderroides F.Muell.21

Bertya pomaderroides var. angustifolia Blakely.21

Bertya pomaderroides F.Muell. var. pomaderroides .... 21

Bertya psiloclada (Mull.Arg.) Baill.Excl.

Bertya quadrisepala F.Muell.Excl.

Bertya recurvata Halford & R.J.F.Hend.22

Bertya riparia Halford & R.J.F.Hend.23

Bertya rosmarinifolia Planch.24

Bertya rotundifolia F.Muell.25

Bertya sharpeana Guymer.26

Bertya sp. (Amiens F.Pedley 1488).22

Bertya sp. (Beeron Holding P.I.Forster+ PIF5753).9

Bertya sp. (Helidon Hills GFeiper AQ457013). 12a

Bertya sp. (Mt Ernest GFeiper AQ507685). 5

Bertya sp. (Oakey CreekB.O’Keeffe 822). 12b

Bertya sp. (Winneba D.Jermyn 31).2

Bertya species A.17

Bertya species D.15

Bertya tasmanica (Sond. & F.Muell.) Mull.Arg.27

Bertya tasmanica (Sond. & F.Muell.) Mull.Arg. subsp.

tasmanica .27 a

Bertya tasmanica subsp. vestita Halford & R.J.F.Hend. 27b

Bertya virgata (Ewart) Halford & R.J.F.Hend.28

Beyeria virgata Ewart.28

Croton opponens F.Muell. ex Benth.17

Croton rosmarinifolius A.Cunn.24

Ricinocarpos mitchellii Sond.16

Ricinocarpos tasmanicus Sond. & F.Muell.27

New prostrate species in Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter

(Solanaceae) from eastern Australia

A.R. Bean

Summary

Bean, A.R. (2002). New prostrate species in Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae)

from eastern Australia. Austrobaileya 6: 247-252. Two new prostrate Solanum species (S. serpens and

S. acanthodapis) are described from subtropical notophyll rainforest near the Queensland-New South Wales

border in eastern Australia. Both are stoloniferous, with long trailing stems that frequently root at the nodes.

In Solanum subg. Leptostemonum, this growth habit is thought to be confined to these species and one other

taxon.

Keywords: Solanum, Solanum subg. Leptostemonum, Solanaceae, Solanum serpens, Solanum

acanthodapis, Queensland, New South Wales, taxonomy, prostrate, stoloniferous, new species, Australia.

A.R. Bean, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens

Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland, 4066, Australia

Introduction

Solanum subg. Leptostemonum has several

hundred representatives throughout the warmer

parts of the world. Members are distinguished

by the stellate indumentum, prickly herbage

and attenuate anthers (Whalen 1984).

The two new species, together with a

third taxon, Solanum discolor var. procumbens

C.T.White (still under study), are apparently

unique in the subgenus because of their

prostrate habit, with the stems rooting at the

nodes at frequent intervals. Numerous other

Australian species are small annual herbs that

can spread by rhizome, while others are

procumbent with stems trailing from a

perennial rootstock (e.g. S. echinatum R.Br.),

but such stems never form roots. In other

countries, species are reported to vary from

annual herbs to trees (including two Colombian

species which attain 20 metres in height;

Whalen 1984), but I can find no reference to

prostrate stoloniferous members of Solanum

subg. Leptostemonum in any Floras I have

examined.

As the prostrate habit is difficult to detect

from a herbarium sheet, and because habit is

rather variable in some species of Solanum, the

Accepted for publication 14 February 2002

taxa treated in this paper have received

inadequate attention from botanists in the past.

Bentham (1868) mentioned an unusually

broad-leaved and prickly specimen of

S. stelligerum Sm. from “Cape Byron”, which

can probably be attributed to S. serpens. White

(1944) described S. stelligerum var.

procumbens, for plants he collected from

southern Queensland. Symon (1981) reduced

this to S. stelligerum.

Field studies have shown that

S. stelligerum var. procumbens C.T.White is

not closely related to S. stelligerum, and is

described here at species level, as S. serpens.

Solanum serpens differs from S. stelligerum

by its broader leaves and stellate hairs with a

longer central ray, its andromonoecious

inflorescences, and its much larger fruits,

yellow-green at maturity and with a much

thicker pericarp.

The other prostrate species (named here

as S. acanthodapis) occurs around Lismore in

northern New South Wales.

Solanum serpens and S. acanthodapis are

both known from several small disjunct

populations, widely separated by extensive

clearing for grazing, agriculture and

248

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 247-252 (2002)

urbanisation. They both exhibit quite a high

level of morphological variation between

populations (especially in the density of

indumentum of the lower leaf surface),

although remain remarkably uniform within

each population. This variation makes

delimitation of taxa difficult in some areas.

They are endemic to the area formerly covered

by the Tweed Shield Volcano, centred on the

plutonic complex of Mount Warning. Lava

flows from this extended as far north as Mt

Tamborine and southwards beyond Lismore

(Ewart et al. 1987).

Taxonomy

Key to prostrate rainforest Solanum taxa in eastern Australia

1. Stellate hairs on leaves and branchlets lacking a central ray

. S. discolor var. procumbens C.T.White

Stellate hairs on leaves and branchlets with a clearly discernible central ray.2

2. Leaves usually lobed; prickles numerous on both leaf surfaces; ovary and

style without stellate hairs; stellate hairs of lower leaf surface with central

ray 0.2-1 times as long as laterals.S. acanthodapis

Leaves entire; prickles absent from lower leaf surface, rare on upper leaf

surface; ovary and style with stellate hairs; stellate hairs of lower leaf

surface with central ray 3-5 times as long as laterals.S. serpens

Solanum serpens A.R.Bean sp. nov. Frutex

prostrates stolonifer; folia integra, aculei

sparsi vel nulli in laminae folii, pili

stellati radiis centralibus longissimis

praediti; inflorescentiae flores

bisexualesque masculos ferentes;

ovarium pilis stellais et glandibus

stipitatis praeditum; fructus maturitate

14-16 mm diam., chlorini. Typus:

Queensland. Moreton district:

Cainbable Creek track, Lamington

National Park, 11 December 1999, A.R.

Bean 15903 (holo: BRI (1 sheet + spirit);

iso: CANB, MEL, NSW).

S. stelligerum var. procumbens C.T.White,

Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 55: 72

(1944). Type: Queensland. Moreton

District: Lamington National Park, 27

November 1942, C.T.White 11889

(holo: BRI, 2 sheets).

Solanum sp. (Lamington W.J. McDonald

6176), in Henderson (2002).

Prostrate shrub with long runners, rooting at

the nodes, with sporadic erect shoots to 30 cm

high. Fertile branchlets terete, grey to rusty,

tomentose, with dense (branchlet visible)

stellate hairs, densely armed with prickles (15-

35 per dm of branchlet), each 3-6 mm long,

glabrous; stellate hairs sessile, 0.25-0.35 mm

diameter, lateral rays porrect, 8, central ray 4-

9 times as long as laterals. Adult leaves broadly-

ovate to elliptical, entire, 5.5-10 cm long, 2.6-

4.0 cm wide, 1.4-2.9 times longer than broad,

apex acute or obtuse, often basally dimidiate,

oblique part 0-3 mm long, obliqueness index

0-4%. Petioles 6-15 mm long, 10-19% length

of lamina, prickles present. Upper leaf surface

green, prickles often absent, sometimes present

on midrib and secondary veins; stellate hairs

distributed throughout lamina at least on

developing leaves, often confined to major

veins on fully expanded leaves, 0.3-0.5 mm

diameter, sessile, sparse (>0.5 mm apart),

lateral rays porrect, 7-8, central ray 3-6 t im es

as long as laterals. Lower leaf surface white to

rusty or greenish, prickles absent; stellate hairs

very dense (obscuring leaf surface) or dense

(leaf surface not obscured), 0.3-0.4 mm across,

sessile, lateral rays porrect, 7-8, central ray of

most hairs 3-5 times as long as laterals, some

with central ray much shorter. Inflorescences

cymose, pseudo-umbellate or with short axis,

1-4 flowered, some flowers functionally male,

prickles present or absent on pedicels. Pedicels

Bean, New prostrate species in Solarium

249

11-28 mm long at anthesis. Flowers 5-merous.

Calyx densely stellate-hairy, hairs 0.3-0.4 mm

diameter, transparent, lateral rays 7-8, central

ray 2-5 times as long as laterals. Prickles absent

from calyx. Hypanthium campanulate, 1.5-2.5

mm long at anthesis; lobes attenuate, 4-7 mm

long at anthesis. Corolla purple, 20-25 mm

diameter, lobes 6-10 mm long. Anthers 3.5-

5.5 mm long. Filaments 0.6-1 mm long,

glabrous. Ovary with stipitate glandular and

stellate hairs on distal half, stellate hairs c. 0.5

mm diameter, central ray 2-3 times as long as

laterals. Functional style 7.5-8 mm long, erect,

with stellate hairs on proximal half, 0.5-0.7

mm diameter, lateral rays 8-9, central ray 1-2

times as long as laterals; stigma entire. Mature

fruits 1-2 per inflorescence, globular, 14-16

mm diameter, yellow-green, glabrous, septum

absent with placenta confined to central area

of fruit; pericarp 0.6-0.8 mm thick when fresh.

Pedicels 20-32 mm long. Seeds 3.5-4.0 mm

long, pale yellow. Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 . Solatium serpens. A. flowering twigs arising from stolon x 0.8; B . style and ovary x 6; C. upper part of ovary and base

of style showing stellate hairs and stipitate glandular hairs x 20; D. a stellate hair from the lower leaf surface x 60. All from

Bean 15903 (BRI).

250

Specimens examined: Queensland. Moreton District:

above Cainbable Creek Falls, Lamington N.P., Jan 2000,

Bean 15961 (BRI); Romeo Lahey Monument, Lamington

N.P., Mar 2000, Bean 16133 (BRI, NSW); track to Pat’s

Bluff, Lamington N.P, Mar 2001, Bean 17384 (BRI);

Nicholls scrub, c. 6 km SW of Currumbin, Mar 2001, Bean

17398 (BRI); Cainbable Ck track, Lamington N.P., Nov

1995, McDonald 6176 (BRI); Tamborine Mtn, Easter 1888,

Simmonds 346 (BRI); Numinbah, Apr 1935, White 10232

(BRI); Currumbin scrubs, Sep 1912, White s.n. (BRI); Head

of Little Nerang R., Jan 1916, White s.n. (BRI). New South

Wales. North Coast: Brunswick Heads Nature Reserve, Oct

2000, Bean 16929 (BRI); Brunswick Heads, Jul 1969,

Coveny 1331 etal. (NSW); Three Mile Scrub, near Byron

Bay, Nov 1898, Forsyth (NSW); Levers Plateau, Apr 1972,

Henderson HI299 (BRI); Byron Bay, Maiden & Boorman,

Nov 1903 (NSW).

Distribution and habitat: Distributed

sporadically along the McPherson Range, as

far west as Levers Plateau, and north to Mt

Tamborine, and on lowland sites from

Currumbin (Qld) to Byron Bay (N.S.W.)

(Map 1). It grows in complex notophyll

rainforest, sometimes with Hoop Pine, on

fertile loams or clay-loams.

S. acanthodapis A.

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 247-252 (2002)

Phenology: Flowers October to April; fruits

March-April.

Affinities: Most closely related to

S. acanthodapis (see discussion under that

species). While it does not appear to be closely

related to any other species, it has some affinity

to a fairly large group of species that includes

S. jurfuraceum R.Br, S. tetrathecum F. Muell.

and S. ellipticum R.Br.

Notes: The colour and density of indumentum

on the lower leaf surface is uniform within

populations but can vary between localities.

S. serpens at the type locality has an extremely

dense white tomentum; whereas in specimens

from Nicholls Scrub and Byron Bay, the

tomentum is rusty and less dense.

Conservation status: Known from about a

dozen subpopulations, several of which are on

protected land. No conservation status is

recommended at present.

Etymology: The specific epithet is from the

Latin serpens, meaning creeping or snake-like.

This refers to the long trailing stems.

Solanum acanthodapis A.R.Bean sp. nov.

Frutex prostratus laete viridis stolonifer;

folia lobata; aculei numerosis in lamina;

pili stellati radiis brevibus centralibus

praediti, inflorescentiae flores

bisexualesque masculos ferentes;

ovarium glandibus stipitatis praeditum

sed pilis stellatis carens; fructus

maturitate 15-18 mm diam., chlorini.

Typus: New South Wales. North Coast:

Big Scrub flora reserve, c. 20 km N of

Lismore, 2 December 2000, A.R.Bean

17075 (holo: BRI (1 sheet + spirit); iso:

AD, K, L, MEL, NSW).

Prostrate shrub with long runners, rooting at

the nodes, with sporadic erect shoots to 30 cm

high. Fertile branchlets terete or ridged, pale

brown, tomentose, with moderate to dense

(branchlet visible) stellate hairs, densely armed

with prickles (25-65 per dm of branchlet), each

3-7 mm long, glabrous; stellate hairs sessile,

0.2-0.35 mm diameter, lateral rays porrect, 7

or 8, central ray 0.5-1.5 times as long as

laterals. Adult leaves ovate to elliptical in

outline, usually with 2-4 pairs of acute lobes,

Bean, New prostrate species in Solarium

251

rarely entire; lobing index 1-1.4; lamina 5.5-

9.5 cm long, 2.8-4.5 cm wide, 1.6-2.3 times

longer than broad, apex acute, basally

dimidiate, oblique part 0-2 mm long,

obliqueness index 0-3%. Petioles 10-17 mm

long, 14-29% length of lamina, prickles

present. Upper leaf surface dark green, prickles

numerous (>30) on midrib and secondary

veins; stellate hairs confined to major veins

even on developing leaves, 0.2-0.3 mm

diameter, sessile, sparse, lateral rays porrect,

6-8, central ray 0.5-1.2 times as long as

laterals. Lower leaf surface pale green to pale

yellow, prickles more than 10 on midrib and

secondary veins; stellate hairs sparse to very

dense, 0.25-0.35 mm across, sessile, lateral

rays porrect, 7 or 8, central rays uniform in

length, 0.2-0.8 times as long as laterals.

Inflorescences cymose, pseudo-umbellate or

with short axis, 2-8 flowered, some flowers

functionally male, prickles present on pedicels.

Pedicels 9-20 mm long at anthesis. Flowers

5-merous. Calyx moderately stellate-hairy,

hairs 0.2-0.3 mm diameter, transparent to

purplish, lateral rays 7 or 8, central ray 0.5-1

times as long as laterals. Prickles absent from

calyx or a few short (0.5-1 mm long) prickles

present. Hypanthium campanulate, 2-3 mm

long at anthesis; lobes attenuate, 1.5-2.5 mm

long at anthesis. Corolla mauve to purple, 15-

20 mm diameter; lobes 5-7 mm long. Anthers

4.0-5.0 mm long. Filaments 0.6-1 mm long,

glabrous. Ovary with stipitate glandular hairs

on distal half. Functional style 6-7.5 mm long,

erect, with stipitate glandular hairs at base;

stigma entire. Mature fruits 1 per inflorescence,

globular to ellipsoidal, 15-18 mm diameter,

yellow-green, glabrous, septum incomplete

with placenta confined to central area of fruit;

pericarp c. 0.8 mm thick when fresh. Pedicels

21-24 mm long. Seeds 3.5-4.0 mm long, pale

yellow. Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Solarium acanthodapis. A. erect flowering shoot arising from stolon x 0.8; B. style and ovary x 6; C. ovary and base

of style showing stipitate glandular hairs x 20; D. a stellate hair from the lower leaf surface x 60. All from Bean 17075 (BRI).

252

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 247-252 (2002)

Specimens examined: New South Wales, north coast:

Victoria Park Nature Reserve, c. 8 km S of Alstonville, Apr

2001, Bean 17564 (AD, BRI, MEL, NSW); Victoria Park,

4 miles [6km] SSWof Alstonville, Aug 1969, Clark 1260 et

al. (BRI, NSW); Big Scrub Flora Reserve, Apr 2001, Bean

17561 (BRI, NSW); Rotary Park, Lismore, Dec 2000, Bean

17081 (BRI); Booyong Flora Reserve, ENE of Lismore, Dec

2000, Bean 17083 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Of restricted

distribution in far north-eastern New South

Wales, from Whian Whian S.F. in the north to

near Alstonville in the south (Map 1). It grows

in low-altitude complex notophyll rainforest

usually on basaltic clay-loams, but also on

meta-sediments.

Phenology: Flowers August-February; fruits

March-April.

Affinities: S. acanthodapis differs from

S. serpens by: stellate hairs (on all parts) with

short central rays ( versus very long central ray

for serpens)-, upper leaf surface (excluding

veins) glabrous even on developing leaves;

lateral veins somewhat raised on upper leaf

surface; ovary glabrous or with stipitate

glandular hairs only ( versus stipitate glandular

hairs & stellate hairs for S. serpens).

Conservation Status: S. acanthodapis is

known from only four locations, with a total

population certainly less than 10,000

individuals (and probably less than 1,000

individuals). Applying the IUCN Criteria

(Anon. 2001), a conservation status of

“Vulnerable” is recommended (Criterion C

(2a)). It is threatened by weeds, clearing of its

habitat and destruction by humans.

Etymology: From the Greek acanthos- prickly

and dapis- a carpet or rug, alluding to the habit

of the plant. Well-developed plants resemble a

prickly green carpet.

Note: A collection from the property of Mr. B.

Walker, southern outskirts of Nimbin (Bean

16948 (BRI, MEL, NSW)) is morphologically

intermediate between S. serpens and

S. acanthodapis.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to a number of people for their

assistance in the field, or for pointing me

towards prostrate Solanum populations; Bill

McDonald, Glenn Leiper, Lance Fitzgerald,

Robert Kooyman and Barry Walker. Thanks

to Will Smith for the illustrations and Peter

Bostock for the Latin diagnoses.

References

Anonymous (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and criteria:

Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission.

IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, Cambridge, U.K. ii +

30 pp.

Bentham, G. (1868). Solanum, in Flora Australiensis,

Volume 4: 442-65.

Ewart, A., Stevens, N.C. & Ross, J.A. (1987). The Tweed

and Focal Peak Shield Volcanoes, southeast

Queensland and northeast New South Wales. Univ.

Queensland Dept. Geol. Pap. 11(4): 1-82.

Henderson, R.J.F. (ed.) (2002). Names and Distribution of

Queensland Plants, Algae and Lichens.

Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection

Agency, Toowong.

Symon, D.E. (1981). A revision of the genus Solanum in

Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4: 1-367.

Whalen, M.D. (1984). Conspectus of Species Groups in

Solanum Subgenus Leptostemonum. Gentes Herb.

12(4): 179-282.

White, C.T. (1944). Contributions to the Queensland Flora,

No. 8. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 55: 59-83.

Four new species of Goodenia Smith (Goodeniaceae) from Queensland

A.E.Holland & T.P.Boyle

Summary

Holland, A.E. & Boyle T.P. (2002). Four new species of Goodenia Smith (Goodeniaceae) from Queensland.

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 253-265. Four new species are described for Queensland: two new species from

northern Queensland, G. splendida and G. debilis, and two from the south-west of the state, G. atriplexifolia

and G expansa. A central Queensland species, G. rosulata Domin, is also reinstated. Notes on affinities and

conservation status are included. A key to the species occurring in Queensland is provided.

Keywords: Goodenia - Queensland, Goodenia splendida, Goodenia debilis, Goodenia atriplexifolia,

Goodenia expansa, Goodenia rosulata

A.E. Holland & T.P. Boyle, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic

Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

Goodenia Smith is a genus of approx. 200

species, mostly endemic to Australia. Carolin

described a number of new species and varieties

for Queensland in 1990 and provided a key to

all of the Australian species (Carolin 1992).

Since then, several new taxa have been

identified as part of an overall review of the

approximately 57 species occurring in

Queensland. All of these taxa were first

collected prior to 1990 but further collections

have enabled elucidation of characters and

determination of status and relationships. The

key was written in response to a need for a

State based identification tool.

Species of Goodenia are distinguished

from the other genera of Goodeniaceae by the

usually bilabiate flowers (2 long adaxial and 3

shorter abaxial corolla lobes), free stamens,

ovary incompletely 2-locular with more than

2 ovules, the (usually) 2-valved dry, dehiscent

capsule, and the seeds which are flattened and

often winged. The subgenus Monochila

(G.Don) Carolin does not occur in Queensland

but all of the 4 sections of the subgen. Goodenia

are represented (Carolin 1992).

Materials and methods

This review was based on the examination of

herbarium specimens and reconstituted floral

material from BRI. Floral measurements were

mainly based on material reconstituted in

boiling water. The remainder was measured

Accepted for publication 27 March 2002

from dried material. Distributions of the new

taxa are given in the maps. Distributions by

pastoral district of the other Queensland taxa

are given in Henderson (2002). The maps were

generated from the herbarium label database

HERBRECS.

The key was written using field

characters where possible, but a hand lens is

needed for some characters. It is preferable to

have flowering and fruiting material present

when using the key.

Terminology

The terms used follow Carolin (1992). The

term “bract” is used for cauline “leaves” which

subtend flowers. The bracts are often different

in size and/or shape from the basal leaves.

Bracteoles occur on the flower stalk and mark

the top of the peduncle and bottom of the

pedicel. If no bracteoles are present, the whole

stalk is taken to be the pedicel. For cymes and

thyrses the bracts are only the basal pair of

appendages. The sepals of most Queensland

species are adnate to the ovary nearly to the

ovary apex. Only the free part is measured.

Terms for corolla parts include “abaxial lobes”

which are the three shorter or fan lobes and

“adaxial lobes” which are the two longer lobes.

These are sometimes auriculate and surround

the indusium. The auricle is usually clearly

marked and of different tissue from the wings,

but in some cases (see below) it is indistinct

and merged with the wing which, itself, is

enlarged in the middle. Corolla lobe

254

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 253- 265 (2002)

measurements do not include the wings (these

are given separately).

1. Goodenia splendida A.E.Holland &

T.P.Boyle, sp. nov. G. ramelii affinis sed

foliis angustioibus, sepalis et pedicellis

longioribus, ovalis paucioribus et

seminibus longioribus differens. Typus:

Queensland. South Kennedy District:

About 22.5 km NNW of Yarrowmere

Station, on Great Dividing Range, 15

October 1983, R.J.Henderson H2844,

G.P.Guymer & H. Dillewaard (holo: BRI

(2 sheets); iso: SYD, US, MEL, AD).

Goodenia sp. (Yarrowmere, R.J.Henderson+

H2844)

Erect, densely tufted perennial herb to 50 cm

high, with a short woody stem and thickened

taproot. All parts viscid, with multicellular

glandular hairs 0.1-0.6 mm long. Leaves

mostly basal, narrowed into a petiole to 3 cm

long, or sessile; lamina oblanceolate to

lanceolate, 4-15 cm long, 5-20 mm wide, L:W

ratio 5-12 (-17): 1, apex acute, base tapered,

margins entire or denticulate, both surfaces

glandular hairy, or nearly glabrous; lowest

leaves often 3-veined. Inflorescence a raceme

or thyrse to 25 cm long (at least Vi of the plant);

bracts oblanceolate, lanceolate or linear, 10-

30 mm long, 0.5-3 mm wide, acute, entire;

peduncles 5-25 mm long; bracteoles similar

to bracts, 3-17 mm long; pedicel 3-8 mm long;

articulated just below ovary. Sepals subequal,

adnate to ovary almost to apex, free part

subequal, linear to lanceolate, 3-6 mm long,

0.5-1.2 mm wide, bluntly acute. Corolla 12-

20 mm long, blue or purple; outer surface with

a mixture of glandular and strigose hairs; inner

surface with a few long hairs on margins and

in throat, enations prominent; anterior pouch

prominent, 3-6 mm long, c. 1 mm wide,

slightly shorter than ovary. Abaxial corolla

lobes 3.5-7 mm long, 1.2-2.0 mm wide, wings

(2.5-) 5-7 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, entire.

Adaxial corolla lobes free almost to base, 7-

12 mm long; 1.2-2.0 mm wide; auricle

indistinct, merged with wing 6-9 mm long,

1.5-2 mm wide; opposite wing 3-6 mm long,

1.5-2 mm wide. Stamen filaments 4-5 mm

long; anthers 1.5-2.5 mm long. Ovary 4-9 mm

long, with longitudinal ribs, rounded or cuneate

at base, densely glandular hairy; septum 3 A of

ovary length; ovules 20-34. Style 9-11 mm

long, villous; indusium square to oblong, 1.9-

2.4 mm long, 1.6-2.2 mm wide, with scattered

long hairs, pale brown; upper lip slightly

convex with bristles to 0.3 mm long; lower lip

shorter, with bristles c. 1 mm long; bristles

tinged purple. Fruit ellipsoid, 8-11 mm long,

3-4 mm wide, dehiscing longitudinally almost

to base. Seed elliptic, 1.9-2.4 mm long, 1.3-

2.2 mm wide, colliculate at maturity, brown;

wings absent or very narrow. Fig. 1. A-D.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. Mitchell

District: Poison Valley, Torrens Creek, White Mountains

National Park, Apr 2000, McDonald KRM452 (BRI); White

Mountains National Park, (Site 74), Apr 2000, Thompson

HUGT38 & Thomas (BRI). North Kennedy District: North

Branch Creek, White Mountains National Park, Apr 1992,

Bean 4314 (BRI, NSW, MEL); Burra Range, N of Burra

Microwave Tower, May 1991, Cumming 11020 (BRI, DNA,

PERTH); 19 km N of Burra Microwave Tower towards

Poison Valley, W of Pentland, without date, Cumming 9583

(BRI); 16 km N of Burra Range Microwave, Jul 1984,

Jackes s.n. (BRI). South Kennedy District: 27.5 km W of

St Anns homestead (SitelO/6-7), Jun 1992, Thompson

BUC816 & Sharpe (AD, BRI, DNA, NSW, MEL, PERTH,

K); Darkies Range, c. 17 km SW of Lake Buchanan, Mar

1998, Thompson BUC2114 & Turpin (AD, BRI, MO).

Distribution and habitat: North Queensland,

from the White Mountains National Park and

as far south as Lake Buchanan. Occurs in

Eucalyptus and Corymbia woodland and open

Melaleuca shrublands, in sandy or gravelly soil

over sandstone. Common after fire. Map 1.

Phenology : Flowers March to October,

possibly at other times.

Affinities: This new species belongs in

Goodenia sect. Caeruleae (Benth.) Carolin,

subsect. Scaevolina Carolin (Carolin 1992).

Goodenia splendida is most closely related to

Goodenia ramelii F.Muell. which occurs in the

north west of the state. Goodenia splendida is

a smaller plant and has narrower leaves, longer

sepals and pedicels, fewer ovules and longer

seeds. Goodenia ramelii grows to 1 m high,

with leaves 2-4.5 cm wide, pedicel to 4 mm

long, sepals to 2 mm long and 40-50 ovules.

Carolin saw only one collection of this

species (the type material of G. splendida ) and

included it in his description of G scaevolina

F.Muell. He comments “the single collection

Holland & Boyle, Four new species of Goodenia

255

Fig. 1. Goodenia splendida. A, raceme; B, flower; C, indusium; D, seed. Goodenia debilis E. raceme; F, flower; G, seed. A

from Bean 4314; B-D from Cumming 11020 (BRI); E & G from Forster PIF22614 (BRI); F from Clarkson 7783 (BRI).

256

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 253- 265 (2002)

— I +W1

Map 1 . Distribution of Goodenia splendida ♦, Goodenia

debilisk., Goodenia atriplexifolia% and Goodenia

expans aM-

from the highlands of northern Qld resembles

the specimens from Victoria R. area but has a

very prominent pouch.” Goodenia splendida

differs from G. scaevolina in the narrow, mostly

basal leaves, shorter sepals and smaller corolla.

G. scaevolina is a subshrub to 80 cm and has

cauline leaves 20-30 mm wide, sepals 5-10

mm long and corolla 20-25 mm long. It is not

known to occur in Queensland.

Etymology: This name refers to the showy

foliage and flowers.

Conservation : Conserved in the White

Mountains National Park and known to be

common in the areas from which it has been

collected. Not considered to be rare or

threatened at present.

2. Goodenia debilis A.E.Holland & T.P.Boyle,

sp. nov. G. armstrongianae affinis sed

foliis integris longioribus

angustioribusque, corollas brevioribus,

ovalis paucioribus et testa alveolatus

differens.Typus: Queensland. Cook

District: Bulleringa National Park, 80

km NE of Mt Surprise, Red River track

past Donkey Spring, P.I.Forster

PIF22614 & R.Booth (holo: BRI; iso:

DNA, NSW)

Goodenia sp. (Welcome Creek, A.R.Bean

1936)

Ascending or weakly erect annual herb up to

40 cm high, with one to several thin stems

branched from base. All parts strigose with

appressed white hairs 0.2-0.6 mm long or

nearly glabrous. Leaves cauline and sessile;

lamina erect or ascending and slightly

decurrent; lamina linear-lanceolate, 1-5 cm

long, 0.5-3 mm wide, L:W ratio (leaves and

bracts) 12-32:1, apex acute, margins entire,

recurved or flat, both surfaces strigose at least

on margins and midrib. Inflorescence a leafy

raceme to 20 cm long (more than Vi of the

plant); bracts leaf-like; pedicel divaricate,

thread-like, 11-22 mm long; articulated just

below ovary; bracteoles absent. Sepals adnate

to ovary almost to apex, free part subequal,

linear, 1.1-1.8 mm long, c. 1 mm wide. Corolla

4-6 mm long, cream or yellow, with brownish

markings; outer surface strigose; inner surface

+glabrous, enations absent; anterior pouch

absent. Abaxial lobes 0.5-2 mm long, 0.4-0.6

mm wide; wings 0.5-1 mm long, 0.8-1.2 mm

wide; margin irregular. Adaxial corolla lobes

2/3 free, 1.6-2.5 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide;

auricle 0.6-0.8 mm long and wide; wing above

auricle 0.2-0.5 mm long and wide; opposite

wing 0.2-0.8 mm long and wide. Stamen

filaments 1.5-2 mm long; anthers 0.2-0.4 mm

long. Ovary 1.5-2 mm long, rounded at base,

smooth or strigose; septum scarcely Vi ovary

length; ovules 8. Style 2-3 mm long, glabrous;

indusium broadly oblong to semi-circular, 0.3-

0.5 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, straight or

slightly concave at apex, glabrous or with a

few hairs, brown; bristles 0.1-0.2 mm long,

slightly longer on upper lip. Fruit ellipsoid 4-

7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, dehiscent almost to

base. Seed elliptic, 1.6-2.1 mm long, 1.0-1.1

mm wide; alveolate at maturity, pale yellow to

light brown; wing absent. Fig. 1. E-G.

Additional specimens examined: Queensland. Burke

District: Girriri, Momington Island, Sep 1981, Fosberg

61885 (BRI). Cook District: Welcome Creek Plateau, 13

km SSW of ‘Battle Camp’ via Cooktown, Jul 1990, Bean

1936 (BRI, NSW); 5.3 km SE of Hann River on Laura-Coen

Road, Jul 1998, Bean 13528 (BRI); Moa Island, c. 1 km NE

of Kubin along road to St Pauls, Feb 1989, Clarkson 7783

(BRI); Namaleta Creek, May 1994, Goble-Garratt 186

Holland & Boyle, Four new species of Goodenia

(BRI); Upper reaches of Namelita Creek, Cape York on

Venture Mine Lease, Apr 1994, Gunness 2333 (BRI). North

K f. nnf.dy District: Halfway between Townsville and

Rollingstone, Apr 1945, Blake 15776 & Webb (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: North Queensland,

from the Torres Strait islands to just north of

Townsville, with one specimen from

Mornington Island. Occurs in Eucalyptus and

Melaleuca woodlands, with a grass, herb or

sedge understorey, on sandy and podsolic soils,

usually in damp areas, in and around seasonal

watercourses. Map 1.

Phenology: Flowers February to September.

Affinities: This new species belongs in

Goodenia section Goodenia , subsection

Borealis Carolin (Carolin 1992). It is most

closely related to G. armstrongiana de Vriese,

differing mainly in the more narrow, linear-

lanceolate leaves with entire margins, shorter

corolla, fewer ovules, and an alveolate seed

surface. Goodenia armstrongiana has a leaf

L:W ratio of 2-5:1, usually dentate leaves,

corolla 8-12 mm long, ovules 10-20 and seed

surface verrucose.

Conservation: This species, though apparently

widespread, has rarely been collected. This may

be due to the habitat, or its short lifespan. It is

currently conserved in the Bulleringa National

Park and does not appear to be rare or

threatened at present.

3. Goodenia atriplexifolia A.E. Holland and

T.P. Boyle, sp. nov. G. viridulae affinis

sed foliis planus dentatus latioribusque

et ovalis numerosioribus differens.Typus:

Queensland. Mitchell District: 150 km

S of Longreach on Jundah road, 2 km N

of turnoff to Stonehenge, Mar 2001,

M.B.Thomas 2255 & N.Fechner (holo:

BRI; iso: DNA, PERTH).

Goodenia sp. (Stonehenge, J.Milson

JM1426)

Woody subshrub to 30 cm tall. All parts grey

or white tomentose with a dense felted mat of

very fine white hairs. Leaves cauline, sessile;

lamina elliptic to ovate, 0.8-2.8 cm long, 4-

14 mm wide, L:W ratio (leaves and bracts) 2-

3 (—5):1, apex acute, base cuneate or tapered,

margins dentate or serrate, sometimes lobed,

257

rarely entire, both surfaces grey tomentose;

lowest leaves 3-veined. Inflorescence a leafy

spike to 20 cm (more than Vi of the plant) with

1- 3 flowers in the axils of leaf-like bracts;

bracteoles absent or minute at base of calyx.

Sepals adnate to ovary to summit, free part

subequal, triangular, 1.0-1.4 mm long, 0.5-

0.8 mm wide at base. Corolla 7-10 mm long,

cream; outer surface tomentose; inner surface

villous in throat, enations hidden or absent;

anterior pouch absent. Abaxial corolla lobes

2- 5 mm long, 1.0-1.6 mm wide, wings 2-4

mm long, 0.6-1.2 mm wide, margin irregular.

Adaxial corolla lobes free almost to base, 4-5

mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide; auricle 1.8-2.0

mm long, 0.8-1.0 mm wide; wing above

auricle absent; opposite wing 1.6-2.4 mm long,

0.2-0.8 mm wide. Stamen filaments 1.5-2 mm

long; anthers c.l mm long. Ovary 3-3.5 mm

long, slightly narrowed at base, white

tomentose; septum scarcely Vi ovary length;

ovules 8-20. Style 2-3 mm long, with short

spreading hairs; indusium oblong, 1.1-1.5 mm

long, 0.7-1.0 mm wide, with short hairs at

base, brown; upper lip convex, with bristles c.

3 mm long; lower lip shorter, concave, with

very short bristles c. 0.05 mm long. Fruit

ellipsoid to subglobular, 4-6 mm long, 2-4 mm

wide, dehiscing almost to base. Seed elliptic

to oblong, 2-3 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide,

with a thick rim, colliculate to minutely

aculeate at maturity, yellow-brown; wing to 1

mm wide. Fig. 2. A-C.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. Gregory

North District: 18 km SW of Opalton, Nov 1986, Neldner

2616 (BRI). Mitchell District: Longreach to Jundah near

Stonehenge, Jun 1977, Cockbum s.n. (BRI); 3 km NE of

Stonehenge Main Turnoff, Aug 1988, Milson JM1426 (BRI);

22 km W of Vergemont HS SW of Longreach, Apr 1986,

Neldner 2348 (BRI). Gregory South Disrict: Grey Range,

50 km W of Quilpie, Aug 1978, Purdie 1596 (BRI); 27.5

km from Cooma turnoff on road to Plevna Downs, Sep 1989,

Wilson 443 (BRI, NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Occurs in south¬

western Queensland, from Opalton south to the

Grey Range, in tall Acacia shrubland and open

Eucalyptus woodland, with Triodia

understorey, on residual tablelands and rocky

plateaus. Map 1.

Phenology: Flowers June to September,

possibly at other times.

258

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 253- 265 (2002)

Fig. 2. Goodenia atriplexifolia. A, raceme; B, flower; C, seed. Goodenia expansa. D, raceme; E. flower; F. seed. A-C from

Milson JM1426 (BRI); D-F from Williams 88038 (BRI).

Holland & Boyle, Four new species of Goodenia

Affinities: This new species belongs in

Goodenia section Goodenia , subsection

Goodenia (Carotin 1992). It is most closely

related to G. viridula Carolin, differing mainly

in the much wider leaves which are flat and

dentate, and by the more numerous ovules, and

cream corolla. Goodenia viridula has terete

leaves to 2 mm wide, 4-6 ovules and greenish

corolla. It is also related to G. disperma

F.Muell. but differs from this species in the

wider leaves, sessile flowers with smaller

sepals, and smaller fruits. Goodenia disperma

has leaves to 5 mm wide, pedicellate flowers

with sepals 4-9 mm long, and fruit 4-9 mm

long.

Etymology : The name refers to the leaves,

which resemble those of Atriplex species.

Conservation: G. atriplexifolia does not occur

in any conservation areas and is currently

known only from five locations. Little is known

of population sizes and distribution, although

it has so far only been collected from jump-

ups. Numbers of individuals have not been

recorded. There are no known threats at the

present time. It is recommended that this

species be listed as DD (data deficient) under

the IUCN (2001) red list categories and criteria.

4. Goodenia expansa A.E.Holland and T.P.

Boyle, sp. nov. affinis G. arenicola et G

geniculatae, sed ab ilia pedicellis et

pedunculis brevioribus, racemis et sepalis

longioribus et pilis multicellularibus

grossis, ab hac corolla enationibus intus

praedita, sepalis longioribus, absentia

pilorum gossypinorum et ovulis

numerosioribus differens.Typus:

Queensland. Gregory South District:

Cuddapan Station, Birdsville

Development Road, about 4 km E of old

homestead, 26 Sept 1988, K.A.Williams

88038 (holo: BRI).

Goodenia sp. (Cuddapan Station,

K.A.Williams 88038)

Annual or short-lived perennial with a

thickened root, initially tufted, then developing

several to many prostrate leafy racemes to 60

cm, the whole plant spreading to 1 m diam.

All parts of the plant hirsute with a mixture of

259

spreading, ascending, curved or flexed white

hairs, 0.1-0.8 mm long, the longer hairs

multicellular. Leaves mostly basal, narrowing

into a petiole 2-4 cm long; lamina narrowly

elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-8 cm long, 5-20 mm

wide, L:W ratio 4-14:1, apex acute, base

tapered, margin dentate, or lobed with

spreading acute lobes to 6 mm long, both

surfaces hirsute, glabrescent. Inflorescence a

leafy raceme to 60 cm long (more than 3 A of

mature plant); flowers arising singly in axils

of bracts, a few flowers arising basally; bracts

smaller than leaves, sessile or nearly so, elliptic

to obovate, 2-4 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, acute

at both ends, dentate; flower stalk (pedicels and

peduncles) geniculate at bracteoles at maturity;

peduncles 6-30 mm long; pedicel 6-35 mm

long; bracteoles linear, 6-9 mm long. Sepals

adnate to ovary nearly to apex, free part

subequal, linear, slightly folded, acute, 6-12

mm long, 0.6-1.0 mm wide. Corolla 15-20

mm long, pale yellow or cream; outer surface

with a mixture of long and short hairs; inner

surface hairy in throat, enations conspicuous;

anterior pouch absent or obscure. Abaxial

corolla lobes 6-8 mm long, 1.5-2.2 mm wide;

wings 4-6 mm long, 1.7-2.6 mm wide; margin

entire or irregular. Adaxial corolla lobes free

almost to base, 10-14 mm long, 1.5-2.2 mm

wide; auricle 3.5-6 mm long, 2.0-2.2 mm

wide; wing above auricle 2-3 mm long, 0.7-

1.5 mm wide; opposite wing 4-7 mm long, 1-

2 mm wide. Stamen filaments 2-3 mm long;

anthers 2.0-2.6 mm long. Ovary 5-8 mm long,

5-ribbed (ribs extending into sepals), tapered

at base, with coarse spreading hairs on ribs,

and soft tangled white hairs between ribs;

septum c. 2/3 ovary length; ovules 28. Style 6-

10 mm long, with scattered short and long

hairs; indusium tightly folded, obtriangular, 2-

2.5 mm long, c. 2 mm wide (folded), with a

few scattered short hairs, brown; lips subequal

with white bristles 0.1-0.2 mm long; Fruit

ellipsoid, slightly curved, 8-13 mm long, 4-6

mm wide, the surface ribbed horizontally (over

seeds) and vertically (along sepals) at maturity,

dehiscing nearly to base. Seed flat, elliptic, 3-

4 mm long, 1.8-2.4 mm wide, with a thick

rim, tuberculate, yellow-brown; tubercles 1-3

mm long; wing absent. Fig. 2. D-F.

Additional specimens examined : Queensland. Gregory

South District: 180 km E of Monkira, near Windorah, Sep

260

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 253- 265 (2002)

1989, Cowan 131 & Bushell (BRI); 30 km E of Windorah,

Oct 1984, Neldner 1619 (BRI); Windorah on roadside, Oct

1968, Williams 148 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Occurs in south¬

western Queensland in the vicinity of

Windorah, on sandplains dominated by Triodia

species and Corymbia terminalis. Map 1.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits in spring,

probably after rain.

Affinities: Goodenia expansa is very closely

related to G. arenicola Carolin, sharing with

this species, the folded indusium and tapered

ovary. G. expansa differs from this species in

the shorter pedicels and peduncles, longer

sepals, long raceme development, hair type and

ovule number. Goodenia arenicola has a

minute, soft indumentum, pedicels and

peduncles 3CM-0 mm long, sepals only 5-6 mm

long, and 30-50 ovules. Unfortunately, only

one specimen of G. arenicola exists (SYD) and

the fruit are unknown. Both G. arenicola and

G. expansa are closely related to the southern

G. geniculata which also has a folded

indusium, but G. geniculata lacks enations, and

has oblong sepals only 4-5 mm long, cottony

hairs, and only 14-16 ovules.

Etymology: This species is named for the

spreading habit, expanding from the basal tuft

to up to lm in diameter.

Conservation status: Goodenia expansa does

not occur in any conservation areas and is

currently known only from four locations. Little

is known of population sizes or area of

distribution, although it has only been recorded

from sandplains. Numbers of individuals has

not been recorded. There are no known threats

at the present time. It is recommended that this

species be listed as DD (data deficient) under

the IUCN (2001) red list categories and criteria.

5. Goodenia rosulata Domin, Biblioth. Bot.

89: 644 (1929). Type: Queensland.

Mitchell District. Near Jericho, Mar

1910, K.Domin 8783; lecto: PR, fide

R.C.Carolin, Telopea 3: 533 (1990)

Illustration: Domin loc. cit. p. 665 (Fig.

198).

Erect or ascending annual herb to 40 cm,

rosulate. All parts sparsely to densely hirsute

to pilose with a mixture of spreading, curved

or flexed hairs to 1 mm long, rarely nearly

glabrous. Leaves basal, gradually narrowed

into a petiole to 5 cm long; lamina obovate to

spathulate, 2-9 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, L:W

ratio 1.5-3.5:1, apex rounded, base tapered,

margin dentate or lobed with widely separated

teeth/lobes, rarely entire, both surfaces hirsute

or pilose, or nearly glabrous. Inflorescence a

much branched panicle or thyrse to 25 cm long

(approx. 2/3 of the plant), the branches

spreading or ascending, often with a zigzag

appearance; bracts linear to lanceolate, 4-10

mm long, 1-4 mm wide, acute, glabrous or

sparsely hairy; pedicel 4-12 mm long,

articulate c. 1 mm below ovary; bracteoles

similar to bracts, 0.7-2.0 mm long. Sepals

adnate to ovary nearly to apex, free part

subequal, triangular to ovate, acute, 0.8-2.0

mm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide, hairy or glabrous.

Corolla 7-13 mm long, yellow; outer surface

with a mixture of spreading simple hairs and

short glandular hairs; inner surface glabrous

or with a few hairs, enations absent; anterior

pouch indistinct, shorter than the ovary.

Abaxial corolla lobes 3-4 mm long, 0.8-1.2

mm wide; wings 2-2.5 mm long, 0.7-1.2 mm

wide, entire. Adaxial corolla lobes 5.5-7 mm

long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide; auricle indistinct,

merged with wing 2.5-6 mm long, 1.0-1.7 mm

wide; opposite wing 2-4 mm long, c. 1 mm

wide, entire. Stamen filaments 2-3 mm long;

anthers c. 1 mm long. Ovary 1-1.5 mm long,

with a mixture of stiff spreading hairs and short

glandular hairs, slightly ribbed; septum c. 2/3

ovary; ovules many. Style 3-7 mm long, with

spreading hairs; indusium square to oblong or

somewhat hemispherical, 0.8-1.2 mm long,

1.0-1.5 mm wide, with a few long hairs at base,

white or purplish brown; bristles on lips

subequal, to 0.1 mm long, tinged purple. Fruit

obovoid, 2.8-4.0 mm long, 1.2-2.0 mm wide,

dehiscing to base. Seed circular to elliptic, 0.3-

0.5 mm long, smooth, pale brown or tan; wing

c. 1 mm wide.

Selected specimens: Queensland. Cook District: Base of

Mt Misch near Tolga, Mar 2000, Ford 2366 (BRI, QRS).

North Kennedy District: 2.7 km along Hollands road, W of

Toumoulin, May 2000, Bean 16594 (BRI); 8 miles [12.8

km] W of Pentland on Hughenden road, Apr 1974, Carolin

8327 (BRI); 15 km W of Princess Hills towards Wairuna,

Holland & Boyle, Four new species of Goodenia

261

Apr 1997, Cumming 15931 (BRI, NSW); Warrigal on Great

Dividing Range, Feb 1931, Hubbard 7125 & Winders (BRI);

c. 12 mi les [19.2 km] E of Lucy Hut on road leading to Oak

Hills, Aug 1967, Morain 158 (BRI); 10 km E of

Ravenswood, Leichhardt Range, Sep 1991, Thompson 466

& Dillewaard (BRI); White Mountain National Park near

Warang, Mar 2000, Wannan 1615 (BRI, NSW). South

Kennedy District: N of junction of Campaspe & Cape Rivers,

Apr 1945, Blake 15734 & Webb (BRI); 8.9 km E of Gum

Creek Dam on road to Carmichael-Ulcanbah turnoff, May

1991, Neldner 3419 & Thompson (AD, BRI). Leichhardt

District: c. 6 mi les [9.6 km] N of Goowarra, Sep 1959,

Johnson 937 (BRI); Zamia Range c. 3 miles [4.8 km] NNW

of Springsure, Mar 1960, Johnson 1417 (BRI); 23.5 km E

of St Anns homestead (Site 10/6-8), Jun 1992, Thompson

BUC840 & Sharpe (BRI). Mitchell District: ‘Yalleroi’,

1946, Clemens s.n. (BRI); Wololla, SW of Jericho, Feb 1998,

Fensham 3406 (BRI); 64 km E of Barcaldine, along

Capricorn Hwy, Jun 1991, Halford Q414 (BRI, MEL,

NSW); 9 kmNW of Lennox homestead on road to Dunrobin,

Mar 1992, Thompson GAL24 (BRI); Torrens Creek, Mar

1933, White 8709A (BRI). Burnett District: 7 km along

Shelleytop Road, NE of Durong, Mar 1999, Bean 14712

(BRI, MEL); Brovinia State Forest, S of Mundubbera, Mar

1999, Bean 14723 (BRI, MEL); Toondahra, Langtree Creek,

Langtree Paddock, Mundubbera Shire, Jan 1984, Forster

1712 (BRI). Maranoa district: Clayhole Creek, 20 mi les

[32 km] S of Yuleba, Nov 1958, Johnson 653 (BRI). Darling

downs district: Nudley State Forest (SF 93), about 20 km

NNW of Jandowae, Dec 1997, Bean 12666 (BRI, MEL);

Moorra, c. 20 miles [32 km] ESE of Wandoan, Apr 1959,

Johnson 767 (BRI); top of Main Range, near Gurulmundi,

Nov 1930, Hubbard 5078 (BRI); Windarra near Chinchilla,

Jul 1979, Rennick s.n. (BRI). New South Wales. Pilliga

Forest between Narrabri and Coonabarabran, Nov 1963,

Pedley 1608 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: This species occurs

in inland districts, from Tolga in northern

Queensland to the Pilliga State Forest in

northern NSW, in Eucalyptus, Melaleuca,

Acacia, or Callitris open woodland, often with

Triodia species, in sandy soil. It has also been

found in artesian springs and seasonally

swampy areas. Map 2.

Map 2. Distribution of Goodenia paniculata% and

Goodenia rosulata ★.

Phenology: Flowers all year, but most

frequently from February to June.

Discussion: Goodenia rosulata is

distinguished from the related G paniculata

Sm., G. macbarronii Carolin and G.

lamprosperma F.Muell., by the obovate to

spathulate leaves, less than 4 times as long as

wide, usually quite hairy, and often lobed. The

mature inflorescence of G. rosulata has many

short spreading branches, giving it a distinctive

zigzag appearance.

Key to the Species of Goodenia in Queensland

Key to the Groups

1. Style branched, (2 or 3 indusia).Group 1

Style not branched (one indusium).2

2. Corolla blue, purple, mauve or red (may be yellowish in throat).Group 2

Corolla yellow, white or green.3

3. Leaves up to 2 mm wide, terete or linear.Group 3

Leaves more than 2 mm wide, flat.4

4. Bracteoles absent.Group 4

Bracteoles present.Group 5

262

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 253- 265 (2002)

Group 1

1. Plant lacking glandular hairs; sepals 3-5 mm long.G. pilosa (R.Br.) Carolin

Plant with glandular hairs; sepals 1.5-3 mm long.2

2. Pedicel articulate; fruit 7-13 mm long.G. berardiana (Gaudich.) Carolin

Pedicel not articulate; fruit c. 3 mm diameter (one record)

.G. heteroptera (F.Muell.) B.DJackson

Group 2

1. Corolla 1-3 mm long.2

Corolla more than 3 mm long.3

2. Corolla 1-2 mm long, reddish; fruit 2-3 mm long.G. pumilio R.Br.

Corolla 2-3 mm long, bluish-purple; fruit 3-4 mm long.G. minutiflora F.Muell.

3. Corolla 4-5 mm long (2 records).G. paludicola Carolin

Corolla more than 5 mm long.4

4. Fruit 1-4 mm long; seed 0.4-0.7 mm long; corolla 5-12 mm long.5

Fruit 7-20 mm long; seed 1.5-4.5 mm long; corolla 11-30 mm long.6

5. Corolla 5-7 mm long; fruit c. 1.5 mm long (2 records).G. viscidula Carolin

Corolla 8-12 mm long; fruit 2-4 mm long.G. purpurascens R.Br.

6. Leaves distinctly petiolate, lamina obtuse to cordate at base.G. grandiflora

Leaves sessile or lamina tapered at base into an indistinct petiole.7

7. Bracteoles absent; corolla without enations; indusium notched.G. vilmoriniae F.Muell.

Bracteoles present; corolla with enations; indusium not notched.8

8. Leaves glabrous; bracteoles obovate, rounded (one record).G. azurea F.Muell.

Leaves usually hairy; bracteoles linear to lanceolate, acute.9

9. Leaves more than 2 cm wide; pedicel 1-4 mm long.G. ramelii F.Muell.

Leaves less than 2 cm wide; pedicel 3-8 mm long .. G. splendida A.E.Holland & T.P.Boyle

Group 3

1. Corolla greenish or white; stems cottony hairy.2

Corolla yellow; stems glabrous or pubescent but without cottony hairs.3

2. Sepals 1-2 mm long; flowers sessile or nearly so; fruit 4-8 mm long ... G. viridula Carolin

Sepals 4-5 mm long; flowers pedicellate; fruit 8-9 mm long.G. disperma F.Muell.

3. Small shrub with woody stems.G. racemosa F.Muell.

Annual or perennial herb, not woody.4

4. Bracteoles absent.5

Bracteoles present.6

5. Plant viscid or varnished; leaves absent or to 3 (-6) mm long;

seed 3.5-4 mm diam.G. armitiana F.Muell.

Plant not viscid; leaves mostly 4-10 cm long; seed 4-6 mm diam. . G. triodiophila Carolin

6. Sepals 1-1.4 mm long; indusium tightly folded (the sides touching).G. gracilis R.Br.

Sepals 2.5-7 mm long; indusium flat.7

Holland & Boyle, Four new species of Goodenia 263

7. Outer surface of corolla stellate hairy.G. stelligera R.Br.

Outer surface of corolla glabrous.G. angustifolia Carolin

Group 4

1. Sepals unequal, one more than twice the length of the others.G. redacta Carolin

Sepals all subequal.2

2. Flowers sessile or nearly so; pedicel less than 2 mm long.3

Flowers distinctly pedicellate; pedicel more than 2 mm long.4

3. Corolla white, 7-10 mm long.G. atriplexifolia A.E.Holland & T.P.Boyle

Corolla yellow, 3-4 mm long.G. subauriculata C.T.White

4. Corolla white; ovary distinctly spurred;

fruit 12-15 mm long.G. calcarata (F.Muell.) F.Muell.

Corolla yellow; ovary spurred or not; fruit 3-10 mm long.5

5. Indusium tightly folded (the sides touching).G. odonnellii F.Muell.

Indusium flat.6

6. Corolla glabrous outside.G. pinnatifida Schltdl.

Corolla variously hairy outside.7

7. Pedicel 2-5 mm long; plants glaucous.G. glauca F.Muell.

Pedicel more than 5 mm long; plants not glaucous.8

8. Indusium with one lip glabrous.G. lunata F.M.Black

Indusium with white bristles on both lips.9

9. Outer surface of corolla and ovary with glandular hairs.10

Outer surface of corolla and ovary with simple hairs only. 11

10.Stems prostrate or ascending, pubescent;

seed 2-2.5 mm long.G. havilandii Maiden & Betche

Stems erect, glabrous; seed 3-4 mm long.G. janamba Carolin

11. Corolla 4-8 mm long.12

Corolla 8-25 mm long.14

12. Leaves mostly basal; flowers in subumbels.G. heteromera F.Muell.

Leaves mostly cauline; flowers in racemes.13

13. Corolla 4-6 mm long; leaves 0.5-3 mm wide, entire ... G. debilis A.E.Holland & T.P.Boyle

Corolla 6-8 mm long; leaves 1.5-8 mm wide, denticulate.G. armstrongiana de Vriese

14. Leaves stem clasping (auriculate); seed not winged.G. byrnesii Carolin

Leaves tapered at base; seed wing 0.2-1 mm wide.15

15.1ndusium hemispherical; fruit 8-13 mm long.G. strangfordii F.Muell.

Indusium square or oblong or elliptic; fruit 5-8 mm long.16

16.Sepals 6-8 mm long; fruit with 1-4 seeds.G. megasepala Carolin

Sepals 1-5 mm long; fruit with 6 or more seeds.17

17.Ovary spurred.

Ovary not spurred

G. cycloptera R.Br.

.18

264

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 253- 265 (2002)

18.Stems stoloniferous; flowers in subumbels; seed 1.5-2.5 mm long . G. heteromera F.Muell.

Stems erect or prostrate, not stoloniferous; flowers mostly in racemes;

seed 3-6 mm long.19

19. Leaves mostly entire; 3 abaxial lobes of corolla

5-10 mm long.G. fascicularis F.Muell. & Tate

Leaves dentate or lobed; 3 abaxial lobes of corolla 4-5 mm long.20

20. Leaves to 3.5 cm long; sepals 1.5-2.5 mm long;

seed 4.5-6 mm long.G. heterochila F.Muell.

Leaves 3-10 cm long; sepals 3.5-5 mm long; seed 3-4 m long.G. hirsuta F.Muell.

Group 5

1. Corolla white, cream or greenish.2

Corolla yellow.3

2. Leaves 10-35 mm wide; ovary with a distinct spur.G. calcarata (F.Muell.) F. Muell.

Leaves 1-5 mm wide; ovary without a spur.G. disperma F.Muell.

3. Shrubs to 2 m tall.4

Annual or perennial herbs to 80 cm.7

4. Leaves entire; pedicel to 3 mm long; corolla 12-15 mm long.G. racemosa F.Muell.

Leaves dentate; pedicel more than 3 mm long; corolla 10-30 mm long.5

5. Leaves hairy; outer surface of corolla with glandular hairs.G. grandiflora Sims

Leaves glabrous; outer surface of corolla glabrous or with simple hairs only.6

6. Plants viscid; leaves distinctly petiolate.G. ovata Sm.

Plants not viscid; leaves tapered at base.G. stirlingii F.M.Bailey

7. Outer surface of corolla with stellate hairs.G. stelligera R.Br.

Outer surface of corolla with simple and/or glandular hairs or glabrous.8

8. Outer surface of corolla glabrous or glandular hairy,

simple hairs sometimes also present.9

Corolla outer surface with simple hairs only.15

Indusium tightly folded (the sides touching).G. gracilis R.Br.

Indusium flat or nearly so.10

10.Corolla 14-18 mm long; fruit 10-15 mm long;

seed 3.5-4 mm long.G. nigrescens Carolin

Corolla 7-15 mm long; fruit 2-6 mm long; seed 0.5-1.5 mm long. 11

11. Leaves cauline; pedicel not articulate; seed c. 1.5 mm long.G. heterophylla Sm.

Leaves mostly basal; pedicel articulate; seed 0.3-0.8 mm long.12

12. Abaxial corolla-lobes (3 fan lobes) 1-3 mm long;

indusium longer than wide .G. lamprosperma F.Muell.

Abaxial corolla-lobes (3 fan lobes) 4-7 mm long;

indusium square or wider than long.13

13.Leaves obovate to nearly orbicular, often lobed, L:W ratio 1.5-3.5:1.G. rosulata Domin

Leaves oblanceolate to linear, never lobed, L:W ratio 5-40:1.14

Holland & Boyle, Four new species of Goodenia

265

14.Corolla 7-9 mm long; pedicel 0-3 mm long.G. macbarronii Carolin

Corolla 9-15 mm long; pedicel 6-16 mm long.G. paniculata Sm.

15.1ndusium tightly folded (the sides touching).16

Indusium flat or nearly so.19

16. Cauline leaves distinctly lobed on one side at base (asymmetric),

glabrous.G. glabra R.Br.

Cauline leaves + symmetric at base; glabrous or hairy.17

17. Bracteoles 1-2 mm long; sepals 1-1.5 mm long.G. gracilis R.Br.

Bracteoles 5-12 mm long; sepals 5-12 mm long.18

18.Sepals 5-6 mm long (one record).G. arenicola Carolin

Sepals 6-12 mm long.G. expansa A.E.Holland & T.RBoyle

19. Pedicel 40-70 mm long; corolla 15-25 mm long.G. strangfordii F.Muell.

Pedicel 0-20 mm long; corolla 7-17 mm long.20

20. Pedicel 0-1 mm long; fruit 2-4 mm long.G. bellidifolia Sm.

Pedicel usually more than 1 mm long; fruit 3-13 mm long.21

21. Corolla almost glabrous outside; ovary with glandular hairs.G. heterophylla Sm.

Corolla hairy outside; ovary lacking glandular hairs.22

22. Leaves 30-40 mm wide; seed circular, c. 3 mm long.G. goodeniacea (F.Muell.) Carolin

Leaves 2-30 mm wide; seed elliptic 2-2.5 mm long.23

23. Leaves linear to narrowly elliptic; sepals 2-2.5 mm long. G. delicata Carolin

Leaves orbicular to ovate to narrowly oblong; sepals 3-7.5 mm long.24

24. Bracteoles inserted 0-2 mm below ovary.G. rotundifolia R.Br.

Bracteoles inserted at least 5 mm below ovary.G. hederacea Sm.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the directors of PR, K, NSW,

SYD and MEL for the loan of type material.

We would like to acknowledge the assistance

of Rod Henderson and Paul Forster who

commented on the manuscript. We are also

grateful to Ian Inglis, Jitka Smahel and

Queensland Herbarium staff for testing the key.

Peter Bostock provided the Latin diagnoses and

the maps. Will Smith provided the excellent

illustrations.

References

Anonymous, (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and

Criteria : Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival

Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and

Cambridge, UK. ii + 30 pp.

Carolin, R.C. (1990). Nomenclatural notes and new taxa in

the genus Goodenia (Goodeniaceae). Telopea 3(4):

517-570.

Carolin, R.C. (1992). Goodenia. In: Flora of Australia. Vol,

35, pp. 149-166. Canberra: Australian

Government Publishing Service.

Henderson, R.J. ed. (2002). Names and Distribution of

Queensland Plants, Algae and Lichens. Brisbane:

Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland.

Cupaniopsis cooperorum (Sapindaceae), a new species from

the Wet Tropics, Queensland

Paul I. Forster

Summary

Forster, P.I. (2002). Cupaniopsis cooperorum (Sapindaceae), a new species from the Wet Tropics,

Queensland. Austrobaileya 6 (2): 267-271. A new species from the Wet Tropics rainforest, Cupaniopsis

cooperorum is described and illustrated. This species is restricted to complex notophyll vineforest on basalt

derived substrates in the area around Topaz, Millaa Millaa and Butchers Creek. A conservation status of

Vulnerable is recommended. Anew key to the species of Australian Cupaniopsis is provided.

Keywords: Cupaniopsis - Australia; Cupaniopsis cooperorum.

P.I. Forster, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens

Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland, Australia.

Introduction

The genus Cupaniopsis Radik, comprises at

least 60 species and is distributed in Malesia

(New Guinea, Celebes, Moluccas), various

islands in the Western Pacific and Australia

(Adema 1991). Fourteen described species

have been recognised for Australia (Reynolds

1985, 1991, 1997), although Adema (1991)

only recognised twelve more broadly defined

ones in his monograph. It is probable that

additional species of Cupaniopsis exist in

Australia (Reynolds 1997; Forster & Jessup

2002); however as yet, insufficient material is

available for their description.

The subject of this paper, was brought to

my attention in 1994 by Wendy Cooper of

Topaz who had first collected specimens in

January 1992. This and subsequent Cooper

collections (WWC 106, 486, 487, 617, 627,

659, 849, 882, 970, 1065) have all been

deposited in QRS. They were tentatively

identified by B.Hyland of QRS as belonging to

Lepiderema. In local colloquial usage in the

‘Wet Tropics’ of north-eastern Queensland, the

plant was often referred to as ‘Cooper’s Puzzle’.

Subsequent collections of flowering and

fruiting specimens for BRI have enabled a

critical examination of its characters, revealing

that it actually represents an undescribed

species of Cupaniopsis. Reynolds (1985)

considered that the genus Cupaniopsis was

Accepted for publication 4 July 2002

distinguished by “the insides of the subglobose

or obovoid capsules being villous, the cupular

aril nearly enclosing the seed and sepals being

usually silky outside”. Adema (1991)

considered Cupaniopsis as being primitive

within Sapindaceae and that typical characters

included the “dimorph sepals, the usually not

crested petalar scales and the complete, often

hairy disc; a pseudo-funicle is absent”. This

new species has the first and second characters

of Reynolds, but not the third. The character

of the sepals being silky outside is not

diagnostic for the genus Cupaniopsis as nearly

half the Australian species do not possess it

(Reynolds 1985, 1991). The new species has

2-seriate sepals, non-crested scales on the

petals, a complete and glabrous disc, and no

funicle on the seed, thus fulfilling the generic

requirements of Cupaniopsis.

Taxonomy

Cupaniopsis cooperorum P.I.Forst., sp. nov.

Proprius inter species Australianas foliis

glabrus. Affinis Cupaniopsis foveolatae

surculis glabris (strigosis comparate), foliis

3-5-jugatis ((5-) 6-8 (-12)-jugatis

comparate), foliolis oblanceolatis vel raro

ellipticis (angusto-ovatis usque angusto-

ellipticis comparate), integris (crenatis

comparate), domatiis absentibus, petalis

late obovatis (ellipticis usque orbicularibus

comparate) majoribus 2.8-3 x c. 0.5 mm

(1 — 1.7 x 0.7-1.6 mm comparate),

268

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 267-271 (2002)

seminibus nigris, 13-14 x 9-10 mm

majoribus (8-8.5 x 6.5-7 mm comparate)

differt. Typus: Queensland. Cook

District: Wooroonooran National Park,

end of Westcott Road, Topaz, 2 November

1999, P.I.Forster PIF25156, R.Booth &

W.Cooper (holo: BRI [1 sheet + spirit];

iso: A, K, L, MEL distribuendi).

Lepiderema sp. (Topaz P.I.Forster+

PIF15478), Forster & Jessup (2002:

184).

Small tree to 7 m high, monoecious, often

multistemmed; bark nondescript; blaze thin,

yellow to straw; wood dense, straw. Branchlets

± smooth, brown-grey, glabrous; flowering

twigs 2-4 mm thick. Leaves 3-5-jugate, often

with a sub terminal leaflet; petiole 52-70 mm

long, terete, glabrous; rhachis 160-190 mm

long, glabrous. Leaflets subopposite to strongly

alternate, pergamentaceous, oblanceolate,

rarely elliptic, 47-170 mm long, 15-55 mm

wide, length-width index 2.5-3.8, glabrous,

domatia absent; base oblique to cuneate; apex

acute to shortly acuminate; margins flat, entire;

both sides glabrous and glossy; venation of 10-

13 pairs per side of the midrib, main lateral

veins 3-12 mm apart, most venation looped

and densely reticulate, on upper surface visible

but with only the midrib slightly raised, on

lower surface visible with both the midrib and

main lateral veins raised; petiolules 5-17 mm

long, slightly grooved, glabrous; pulvini 2-4

mm long, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary,

not branching from base, 20-110 mm long,

panicles, glabrous; bracts and bracteoles 0.5-

0.8 mm long. Flowers 2.5-4 mm diameter,

cream; pedicels 2-6 mm long, glabrous; sepals

2-seriate, weakly imbricate, ciliolate, externally

glabrous, internally with short sparse

indumentum in the lower half, outer ones

broadly-elliptic, concave, 3-3.5 mm long, c. 2

mm wide, inner ones broadly ovate, 2.8-3 mm

long, c. 2 mm wide; petals 5, broadly obovate,

2.8-3 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, externally

with dense indumentum in lower half, apex

margin irregularly lobed, scales present and

densely pilose with antrorse indumentum; disc

glabrous, c. 2.5 mm diameter. Stamens 8

(reduced to staminodes in female flowers),

filaments 1-1.2 mm long, c. 0.3 mm wide, with

dense indumentum along entire length, anthers

c. 1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, glabrous or

with an occasional hair. Pistil: ovary 3-locular,

2.8-3 mm long, densely pilose, glabrescent;

style and stigma c. 1.5 mm long, glabrous

(reduced to pistillode in male flowers). Fruit

with 2 or 3 well developed lobes, 15-20 mm

high, 15-20 mm diameter, outside rugose to

ribbed, glabrous, orange-pink, inside densely

villous; stipe 2.5-3 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid-

obovoid, 13-14 mm long, 9-10 mm wide,

glossy black; hilum 0.5-1 mm wide,

pseudohilum c. 3 mm wide; arillode orange,

covering most of the seed. Fig. 1.

Additional specimens examined: Queensland. Cook

District: Westcott Road, Topaz, Jul 1994, Forster PIF15478

& Cooper (BRI); ditto loc., Nov 1995, Forster PIF 18185 cl

al. (BRI, MEL); Wooroonooran National Park, 3 km E of

Butchers Creek, Nov 1998, Forster PIF23960 et al. (A, AD,

BISH, BRI, K, L, MEL, NSW).

Distribution and habitat: C. cooperorum is

quite restricted in its occurrence on the

Atherton Tablelands in the Wet Tropics of

Queensland, with populations observed from

near Butchers Creek and Topaz to Zillie Falls

near Millaa Millaa (W. Cooper pers. comm.

Jan. 2002). Plants have been found in complex

notophyll vineforest on red soils derived from

basalt at altitudes between 600 and 900 m.

Notes: C. cooperorum is immediately

recognisable amongst the Australian species

of the genus by dint of its totally glabrous and

glossy foliage with even young shoots lacking

trichomes. For the purposes of diagnosis it is

compared here to C.foveolata which is perhaps

most similar in superficial appearances.

C. cooperorum differs from C. foveolata in

the young shoots being glabrous (versus

strigose), the leaves 3-5-jugate (versus (5-) 6-

8 (-12)-jugate) with oblanceolate or rarely

elliptic leaflets (versus narrowly ovate to

narrowly elliptic) that are entire (versus

crenate), the absence of domatia, the petals

broadly obovate (versus elliptic to orbicular)

and larger (2.8-3 x c. 0.5 mm versus 1.0-1.7

x 0.7-1.6 mm) and the larger seeds (13-14 x

9-10 mm versus 8-8.5 x 6.5-7 mm) that are

black (versus brown). A further superficial

relationship may be possibly sought with C.

dallachyi S.T.Reynolds, however that species

is immediately recognisable by the leaves that

are 6-7-jugate with much larger leaflets that

Forster, Cupaniopsis cooperorum

269

Fig. 1. Cupaniopsis cooperorum. A. flowering twig with entire leaf, x 0.4; B. detail of venation in individual leaflet, x 0.8;

C. side view of male flower, note outer sepals being longer than inner, x 6; D. internal view of petal showing two scales covered

in indumentum and the irregular apex, x 12; E. external view of petal showing indumentum, x 12; F. side view of flower with

perianth removed showing disk and stamens, x 9; G. stamen, x 12; H. side view of female flower, with staminodes. x 6; I. side

view of dehiscing fruit, x 1.5; J. face view of dehiscing fruit with two seed in situ, both entirely covered by arillodes. x 1.5; K.

face view of seed with hilum at top. x 2; A-H from Forster PIF25156 et al. (BRI); J-L from Forster PIF23960 et al. (BRI).

Del. W.Smith.

270

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 267-271 (2002)

are narrow-ovate and coriaceous. The flowers

of C. cooperorum also appear to be unique in

the genus in that the outer sepals are noticeably

longer than the inner (Fig. 1C), which is the

opposite of the other species in the genus

(Adema 1991).

Although Adema (1991) presented a number

of phylogenetic analyses based on

morphological characters, he was unsatisfied

with most of them and I feel it would be

premature to attempt to relate this species to

others in the genus in the absence of molecular

data.

A new key is presented here to the

Australian species of Cupaniopsis based in part

on that published by Adema (1991), but

including C. parvifolia (F.M.Bailey)

L.A.S.Johnson and C. simulatus S.T.Reynolds

as are currently recognised by the Queensland

Herbarium. Collectors should ensure that they

procure young shoot tips to accurately

determine the character of stem apex

indumentum.

Key to the Australian species of

Cupaniopsis

1. Leaflets mainly cuneate, widest at or near apex.2

Leaflets elliptic, ovate, obovate or oblanceolate, widest well below apex.3

2. Leaves 2-8(-10)-jugate, with pseudostipules. Leaflets spinose-dentate

. C. shirleyana (F.M.Bailey) Domin

Leaves l-2(-3)-jugate, without pseudostipules. Leaflets apically with 2-4

obtuse teeth, rarely entire.C. wadsworthii (F.Muell.) Radik.

3. Young stem-apices glabrous.C. cooperorum RI.Forst.

Young stem-apices pubescent.4

4. Young stem-apices villous or tomentose (noticeably hairy).5

Young stem-apices strigose (finely puberulent).9

5. Sepals internally glabrous. Fruits 15-20 mm long, 22-28 mm wide,

internally glabrous.C. tomentella (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Reynolds

Sepals internally with appressed hairs, rarely glabrous. Fruits 9-20 mm

long, 13-18 mm wide, internally villous.6

6. Margin of leaflets entire. Fruit pericarp 2.4 mm thick or more... C. diploglottoides Adema

Margin of leaflets + dentate to crenate. Fruit pericarp 0.5-1.8 mm thick.7

7. Teeth of leaflets hard. Inflorescences 1.5-6.5 cm long. Disc glabrous

.C. serrata (F.Muell.) Radik.

Teeth of leaflets soft. Inflorescences (6.5-) 11-60 cm long. Disc with hairs in five tufts... 8

8. Petiole 3.5-9 cm long; leaves 4-10-jugate. Anthers hairy

.C. flagelliformis (F.M.Bailey) Radik.

Petiole 8-16 cm long; leaves (8-) 10-12-jugate. Anthers glabrous

.C. newmanii S.T.Reynolds

9. Leaflets crenate-dentate.10

Leaflets entire. 11

10. Trees over 10 m high. Leaflets with dome-shaped to pocket-like domatia.

Fruits 18-22 x 18-20 mm; seeds 17-18 mm long, c. 9 mm wide.C. baileyana Radik.

Shrubs or small trees to 12 m high. Leaflets with pustulate domatia. Fruits

c. 15 x 13-15 mm; seeds 8-10 mm long, 6.5-7 mm wide..C. foveolata (F.Muell.) Radik.

11. Leaflets with domatia. Disc glabrous or short hairy all over.12

Leaflets without domatia. Disc with hairs in 5 tufts.13

Forster, Cupaniopsis cooperorum

271

12. Leaves (2-) 4-6-jugate. Leaflets obovate, rarely elliptic. Inflorescences

4-20cm long. C. fleckeri S.T.Reynolds

Leaves 6-7-jugate. Leaflets ovate to narrow-ovate. Inflorescences

17-25 cm long.C. dallachyi S.T.Reynolds

13. Lateral nerve pairs in leaflets 2-5 mm apart.C. parvifolia (F.M.Bailey) L.A.S.Johnson

Lateral nerve pairs in leaflets 6-20 mm apart.14

14.Small spreading tree to 15 m tall. Leaflet upper surface vernicose; reticulate

venation fine. Fruits glabrous.C. anacardioides (A.Rich.) Radik.

Tall straight trees to 25 m tall. Leaflet upper surface slightly shiny; reticulate

venation coarse. Fruits puberulent.C. simulatus S.T.Reynolds

Conservation status: C. cooperorum is

present in Wooroonooran National Park at

Topaz and east of Butchers Creek. It can be

quite locally common in some rainforest

remnants in the area, e.g. Westcott Road. It

has a quite restricted area of distribution (less

than 100 km 2 ) and is known from only three

populations. It fulfils the criteria of Vulnerable

under the IUCN (2001) categories of Bl, C2a,

D2.

Etymology: This species is named for both

Wendy and William (Bill) T. Cooper of Topaz,

author and artist respectively of the book ‘Fruits

of the Rain Forest’ published in 1994. The

Coopers are currently working on a much

expanded version of this book with many

additional paintings and an expanded text.

Acknowledgements

I thank Wendy Cooper for bringing this species

to attention and for providing information on

specimens deposited in QRS. Ron Booth

(BRI), Wendy Cooper and Rigel Jensen for

assistance in the field on some occasions when

this plant was collected. Will Smith (BRI) for

the illustrations. Peter Bostock (BRI) for

comments on the manuscript. Les Pedley for

translation of the diagnosis into Latin.

References

Adema, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radik. (Sapindaceae): a

monograph. Leiden Botanical Series 15. Leiden:

Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus.

Anonymous, (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and

Criteria : Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival

Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and

Cambridge, UK. ii + 30 pp.

Forster, RI. & Jessup, L.W. (2002). Sapindaceae. In

Henderson, R.J.F. [ed.], Names and Distribution

of Queensland Plants, Algae and Lichens, pp.181-

185. Brisbane: Environmental Protection Agency.

Reynolds, S.T. (1985). Sapindaceae. In Flora of Australia

25: 4-101. Canberra: Australian Government

Publishing Service.

-(1991). New species and changes in Sapindaceae

from Queensland. Austrobaileya 3: 489-501.

-(1997). Sapindaceae. In R.J.F.Henderson (ed.),

Queensland Plants: Names and Distribution, pp.

188-192. Brisbane: Department of Environment.

Studies in Euphorbiaceae A.L.Juss. sens, lat . 4.

A revision of Monotaxis Brongn. (Acalyphoideae Ascherson, Ampereae

Miill.Arg.)

David A. Halford and Rodney J. F. Henderson

Summary

Halford, D.A. & Henderson, R.J.F. (2002). Studies in Euphorbiaceae A.L.Juss., sens. lat. 4. Arevision of

Monotaxis Brongn. (Acalyphoideae Ascherson, Ampereae Miill.Arg.). Austrobaileya 6(2): 273-292. The

endemic Australian genus Monotaxis Brongn. is revised. Within Monotaxis, two sections and a total of

eight species are recognized. M. sect. Monotaxis is comprised of M. linifolia Brongn., M. occidentalis

Endl., M. macrophylla Benth., M. luteiflora F.Muell. and M. tenuis Airy Shaw, while M. sect.

Hippocrepandra contains M. bracteata Nees, M. grandiflora Endl. (including M. grandiflora Endl. var.

grandiflora and M. grandiflora var. obtusifolia F.Muell. & Tate) and M. paxii Griming. All taxa are

described and mapped, and notes on their distribution, habitat of occurrence and phenology are given.

Lectotypes are chosen for M. luteiflora F.Muell., M. megacarpa F.Muell., M. grandiflora var. obtusifolia

F.Muell & Tate and M. paxii Griming. Identification keys to species and varieties are provided.

Key words: Euphorbiaceae, Monotaxis, Australian flora, taxonomy, nomenclature

D.A. Halford & R.J.F. Henderson, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane

Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

Monotaxis Brongn. is a small endemic

Australian genus found in all mainland states

of the continent except for Victoria with its

centre of diversity in south-western Western

Australia. The genus was erected by

Brongniart (1833) and included a single

species, M. linifolia. It was based on collections

made by Dumont d’Urville from near Port

Jackson, New South Wales, in 1824. The name

is derived from the Greek monos, single, and

taxis, arrangement, a reference to the single

row of stamens in male flowers. Over the

subsequent 30 years, seven more species were

described as belonging to this genus (Endlicher

1834 & 1837, Klotzsch 1845, Nees 1848, F.

Mueller 1864).

In 1865, Muller Argoviensis described

the genus Hippocrepandra. In his new genus,

he included four species, two he renamed

H. neesiana Miill.Arg. ( nom. illeg. =

Monotaxis bracteata Nees) and H. ericoides

(Klotzsch) Miill.Arg. (= Monotaxis grandiflora

Endl.), and two new species he named

Accepted for publication 19 July 2002

H. gracilis and H. lurida. Apparently he was

unaware of Ferdinand Mueller’s M. megacarpa

of 1864 which would also have come within

the circumscription of his new genus.

Hippocrepandra was distinguished from

Monotaxis by the habit of plants and the

imbricate (quincuncial) calyx of their male

flowers. At this time, Muller Argoviensis

retained Monotaxis as a monotypic genus

containing M. linifolia with three varieties

namely M. linifolia var. genuina {nom. inval.

= M. linifolia var. linifolia), M. linifolia var.

tridentata (based on M. tridentata Endl.) and

M. linifolia var. occidentalis (based on

M. occidentalis Endl.).

Baillon (1866), however, reduced

Hippocrepandra to a section of Monotaxis.

Within Monotaxis, he recognised two sections,

Monotaxis sect. Linidion (= Monotaxis sect.

Monotaxis ) containing a single species,

M. linifolia, with only two varieties,

M. linifolia var. linifolia and M. linifolia var.

occidentalis (based on M. occidentalis Endl.),

as well as Monotaxis sect. Hippocrepandra

containing M. grandiflora Endl.,

M. megacarpa F.Muell., M. gracilis

274

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

(Mull.Arg.) Baill. (based on Hippocrepandra

gracilis Mull.Arg.), M. neesiana ( nom. illeg.

= M. braceata Nees) and M. oldfieldii Baill.

He distinguished these sections on the basis of

inflorescence structure, and the number and

aestivation of male sepals.

Bentham (1873) followed Baillon in

treating Hippocrepandra as congeneric with

Monotaxis and maintained his sectional

divisions. He recognized Monotaxis sect.

Eumonotaxis {nom. inval. — Monotaxis sect.

Monotaxis) as including M. linifolia Brongn.

(for which M. tridentata Endl. was listed as a

synonym), M. occidentalis Endl. (for which

M. cuneifolia Klotzsch was listed as a

synonym) and a new species, M. macrophylla

Benth. For Monotaxis sect. Hippocrepandra

he included M. grandiflora Endl. (for which

M. ericoides Klotzsch and M. bracteata Nees

were listed as synonyms), M. megacarpa

F.Muell., M. gracilis (Mull.Arg.) Baill. and

M. lurida (Mull.Arg.) Benth. (for which

M. oldfieldii Baill. was listed as a synonym).

In the most recent account of Monotaxis

as a whole, Griming (1913) also maintained

Baillon’s two sections and enumerated nine

species including a new species M. paxii in

M. sect. Hippocrepandra. Two other species

of Monotaxis have been described since

Griining’s publication, namely M. stowardii

S.Moore (1920) and M. tenuis Airy Shaw

(1980).

As a result of the present study, only eight

species are now recognized in the genus

Monotaxis. We support recognition of two

infrageneric sections as circumscribed by

Baillon and followed by Bentham and Griming,

namely Monotaxis sect. Monotaxis and M. sect.

Hippocrepandra.

Monotaxis is currently classified with

Amperea in subfamily Acalyphoideae

Ascherson and tribe Ampereae Mull.Arg.

(Webster 1994). Amperea was revised by

Henderson (1992) who suggested that perhaps

Monotaxis and Amperea should be united.

However, before such major changes are made,

detailed studies need to be made of these two

taxa, particularly of their leaf and stem

anatomy. The retention of these groups as

separate genera is supported by differences in

anther morphology, and the presence or

absence of petals in male flowers respectively.

Methods

The present study involved examination of

herbarium specimens by the authors, together

with field investigations by the second author

from 1988 to 1992. Altogether, approximately

400 specimens have been examined and

annotated. These comprise collections from

the following herbaria: B, BRI, CANB, K, LD,

MEL, NSW and PERTH. The above acronyms

and ones used in the text to indicate herbaria

holding particular specimens are those given

by Holmgren et al. (1990). Author

abbreviations follow Brummitt & Powell

(1992). All specimens cited have been seen

unless otherwise indicated (as n.v.).

Descriptions of taxa were made from

dried herbarium specimens, material preserved

in 70% ethanol or dried material reconstituted

by placing in boiling water for a few minutes.

Measurements listed are based upon the total

variation observed in the herbarium specimens

examined. Colour of fresh vegetative and floral

parts where given are either from herbarium

label notes or from photographs taken by the

second author during field studies. Plant size,

habit, flowering and fruiting times, and habitat

data were obtained from herbarium labels. The

morphological data for this revision were

recorded using the DELTA system (Dallwitz

et al. 1993). The distribution maps were

produced with Maplnfo Version 3 and are based

on herbarium specimen locality data.

Taxonomy

Monotaxis Brongn., Annal. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser.

1, 29: 386 (1833) and in Duperrey, Voy.

monde224, t.49B (1834) (‘1829’). Type:

M. linifolia Brongn.

Hippocrepandra Mull.Arg., Linnaea 34: 61

(1865). Type: H. gracilis Mull.Arg. (=

M. bracteata Nees; lectotype designated

by Wheeler (1975)).

Monoecious or rarely dioecious, annuals or

herbaceous perennials. Stems erect, ascending

or decumbent, sparingly to much-branched;

branchlets ± terete, smooth, papillose or striate,

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

275

hollow or filled with pith. Leaves alternate,

subopposite or subwhorled, stipulate, sessile or

shortly petiolate; laminae simple, entire or

toothed. Stipules entire or deeply lobed,

persistent. Inflorescences braceate, of sessile

or pedunculate, terminal, head-like, compound

cymes. Flowers sessile or on articulate

pedicels, gamosepalous; calyx deeply lobed;

corolla present or absent; disc present. Male

flowers usually numerous per cyme; calyx lobes

4 or 5, valvate or imbricate; petals always

present, 4 or 5, clawed, proximally cordate or

auriculate with lobes inrolled around adjacent

staminal filament; disc of 4 or 5 discrete

glands; glands antisepalous, stalked, glabrous

or with a tuft of simple hairs distally; stamens

8 or 10(rarely 11); filaments free; anthers 2-

celled; anther cells subglobose, free, divergent

to pendant on a conspicuous transverse

connective, dehiscing by + longitudinal slits;

rudimentary ovary present or absent. Female

flowers 1 or many per cyme; calyx lobes 5(or

6), imbricate, persistent, appressed to fruit;

petals absent or when present 5, clawed and

persistent; disc of 3-10 discrete glands or a

continuous ring around ovary; ovary 3-locular,

smooth, glabrous; locules uniovulate; ovules

pendulous; styles 3, shortly fused at base,

spreading, deeply bifid, fimbriate or lobed,

persistent. Fruit capsular, ovoid, ellipsoid or

subglobose, usually shallowly 3-lobed, smooth

or slightly rugose, glabrous, dehiscing

septicidally into 3 bivalved segments leaving

a persistent columella. Seeds obloid, ellipsoid

or ovoid to globose, smooth or rugose, shiny,

carunculate.

A genus of 8 species endemic in tropical

and temperate Australia.

Key to species of Monotaxis

1. Petals of male flowers shorter than sepals.2

Petals of male flowers longer than sepals.6

2. Annuals or short lived herbaceous perennials to 90 cm high; stems sparingly

to much branched, ascending to erect (rarely decumbent), up to 5 mm

across; stipules > 0.7 mm long.

Herbaceous perennials to 20 cm high; stems sparingly branched, prostrate,

decumbent to ascending, up to 0.9 mm across; stipules < 0.7 mm long..

3. Leaves acute-toothed; inflorescences on slender peduncles 0.2-0.3 mm

across.5. M. tenuis

Leaves entire or obtuse-toothed; inflorescences on stout peduncles

0.4-0.9 mm across.4

4. Staminal filaments 1.9-2.5 mm long; seeds obloid.4. M. luteiflora

Staminal filaments 1.0-1.8 mm long; seeds ellipsoid and slightly

dorsi-ventrally flattened.3. M. macrophylla

5. Stems with smooth longitudinal ridges; petals of male flowers with apex

obtuse to rounded.1. M. linifolia

Stems with crenate longitudinal ridges; petals of male flowers with apex

acute.2. M. occidentalis

6. Leaf laminae ± flat or somewhat concave; adaxial leaf surface foveate.8. M. paxii

Leaf laminae with recurved or re volute margins; adaxial leaf surface ± smooth.7

7. Stems smooth; leaf laminae with re volute margins obscuring abaxial leaf

surface except for midrib.7. M. grandiflora

Stems smooth or papillose; leaf laminae dark green, with recurved or

re volute margins not obscuring all of the abaxial leaf surface.6. M. bracteata

276

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

Monotaxis Brongn. sect. Monotaxis, Baill.,

Adansonia 6: 291 (1866). Type:

M. linifolia Brongn.

Monotaxis sect. Linidion Baill., Adansonia

6: 291 (1866), nom. inval.

Monotaxis sect. Eumonotaxis Benth., FI.

Austral. 6: 78 (1873), nom. inval.

Monoecious annuals or short-lived herbaceous

perennials; stems hollow. Leaves widely

spaced with internodes 20-70 mm long;

laminae with margins entire or coarsely

toothed, flat or rarely slightly to strongly

recurved. Inflorescences sessile or

pedunculate. Male flowers 4(rarely 5)-merous;

calyx valvate, with sessile glands on abaxial

surface; petals shorter than calyx lobes;

antisepalous glands glabrous; stamens 8(rarely

10); connective stout; rudimentary ovary absent

or rarely present. Female flowers 5(rarely 6)-

merous; calyx imbricate, with sessile glands

on abaxial surface; petals absent or

rudimentary; styles stout, fimbriate.

Distribution : The species of Monotaxis sect.

Monotaxis occur in Western Australia,

Northern Territory, South Australia,

Queensland and New South Wales.

1. Monotaxis linifolia Brongn., Ann. Sci. Nat.

(Paris) 29: 387 (1833); Monotaxis

linifolia Brongn. var. linifolia, Mlill.Arg.,

Linnaea 34: 63 (1865). Type: (New

South Wales.) Port Jackson, (without

date,) d’Urville (holo: P).

Monotaxis tridentata Endl., Atakta bot. 8/

9, t.8 (1834)(‘1833’); Monotaxis

linifolia var. tridentata (Endl.)

Mlill.Arg., Linnaea 34: 63 (1865).

Type: (New South Wales.) Nova-

Hollandia, (without date,) Sieber (holo:

W; iso: G-DC n.v., microfiche IDC 800-

73. 2456: I. 7).

Monotaxis linifolia var. cuneata Griming

in A.Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 81 (1913).

Type: New South Wales. Port Jackson,

(without date,) R. Brown (holo: ?; iso:

BM n.v. (transparenies at BRI), K).

Monotaxis linifolia var. genuina Mlill.Arg.,

Linnaea 34: 63 (1865), nom. inval.

Monotaxis linifolia var. genuina Griining

in A.Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 81 (1913),

nom. inval.

Illustrations: G. Griining (1913: 80, fig. 13

A-D); T.A. James and G.J. Harden

(1990: 405).

Glabrous, monoecious, diffuse, herbaceous

perennials to 20 cm high, with few to many

stems arising from a rootstock. Stems sparingly

branched, decumbent to ascending, up to 0.8

mm across; young branchlets striate, pale

green; striae smooth. Leaves subsessile,

alternate, subopposite or subwhorled distally

on branchlets; stipules triangular, 0.4-0.5 mm

long, with apex acute and margins entire, pale

green; laminae linear or narrowly elliptic, 5-

13 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm wide, with base

attenuate and apex acute, flat with margins

entire or sometimes 3-toothed distally and

slightly to strongly recurved, smooth adaxially

and abaxially, slightly discolorous, crustaceous

when dried; midrib slightly impressed

adaxially, prominent abaxially. Inflorescence

sessile or sometimes pedunculate when

peduncles slender, 1-3 mm long and 0.1-

0.4mm across; bracts numerous; outer bracts

ovate, 0.9-1.1 mm long, with margins entire

or toothed distally, pale green. Male flowers

6-9 per cyme; pedicels 1.4-1.7 mm long; calyx

lobes ovate-elliptic, 1.3-1.4 mm long, c. 0.7

mm wide, with apex acute to obtuse and

margins entire, flat, pale green with maroon

coloured mottling; petals reniform, 0.7-0.8

mm long including claw, 0.8-1 mm wide, with

base cordate, apex obtuse to rounded and

margins entire, white; glands c. 0.1 mm long,

glabrous; staminal filaments 0.7-0.8 mm long;

anthers 0.2-0.3 mm long; connective tissue

0.2-0.4 mm long; rudimentary ovary present

with 1 or 2 erect linear lobes; lobes up to 0.5

mm long. Female flowers 1 per cyme, sessile;

calyx lobes ovate, 1-1.4 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm

wide, with apex obtuse and margins + entire,

slightly concavo-convex, green; petals absent;

glands 5, 0.7-0.9 mm long; ovary trigonal-

globose, c. 1.5 mm across and 1.3 mm long;

styles 0.7-1.3 mm long, 2-lobed; lobes c. four-

fifths the length of style. Capsule ovoid, 2.3-

2.6 mm long, 1.9-2.1 mm across, smooth or ±

rugose distally. Seeds not seen. Fig. 1.

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

277

Fig. 1 . Monotaxis linifolia. A. habit. x0.5. B. section of branchlet with stipule and leaf. x8. C. flowering branchlet. x8. D.

male flower. x20. E. adaxial view of petal of male flower. x40. F. adaxial view of petal of male flower, flattened out. x40. G.

abaxial view of antipetalous stamen. x40. H. fruit from side. x8. I. fruit from above. x8. A-I from Coveny et al. 17343 (BRI).

Del. W. Smith.

278

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

Selected specimens (from 30 examined): Australian

Capital Territory. 0.9 miles (c. 1.4 km) S of Jervis Bay by

road on the Wreck Bay Road, Oct 1971, Coveny 3770

(NSW); Australian National Botanic Gardens, Jervis Bay

Annexe, Aug 1991, Lyne 336 & Rudd (CANB, MEL, NSW);

Jervis Bay, bridge on the Wool road, c. 0.7 miles (1.1 km)

SWofVincentia, Jan 1972, Berg RYB698A(CANB). New

South Wales. Wisemans Ferry road, Gosford, Jan 1926,

Blakely & Shiress (NSW); Tuggerah, Oct 1900, Boorman

(NSW); Narrow Neck, Katoomba, Dec 1961, Burgess

(CANB); Katoomba, Dec 1908, Cornfield (NSW); Pile Road,

Somersby Industrial Estate, Sep 1996, Coveny 17343 etal.

(BRI, MEL, NSW); Belrose, Nov 1981, Coveny 11063 &

Hind (NSW); La Perouse, May 1976, Coveny 7663 &

Davies (NSW); Dee Why Lagoon, c. 10 miles (16 km) NNE

of Sydney, Jul 1966, Coveny (NSW); Bateau Bay, near The

Entrance, Tuggerah Lake, Mar 1970, Johnson & Briggs

BGB3249 (NSW); Mt Ausley, near Wollongong, Nov 1949,

McBarron 4079 (NSW); 3 miles (c. 4.8 km) S of Audley,

Royal National Park, Mar 1971, O’Hara & Coveny 3558

(NSW); 1.35 km ESE of Nerriga, Sep 1971, Pickard 1673

(NSW); Royal National Park, Sir Bertram Stevens Drive,

Sep 1986, Rodd 5610 etal. (NSW); 10miles (c. 16km)SE

of Robertson, Oct 1943, Rodway (NSW); Mount Pigeon

House, Milton, Nov 1917 , Rodway (NSW); Cowan Station-

JerusalumBay, Nov 1954, Salasoo 1243 (NSW); Budawang

Range, Mt Currockbilly, Dec 1973, Sikkes & Telford BR402

(BRI, CANB, NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Monotaxis linifolia

is confined to subcoastal and coastal areas of

New South Wales and the Australian Capital

Territory, from Tuggerah Lake southwards to

Budawang Range (Map 1). It is recorded as

growing in heathland, mallee and open

eucalypt forest communities, on mostly damp

sandy soils overlying sandstone, on creek

banks, hillslopes and ridges.

Phenology: Flowers have been collected

throughout the year, particularly from

September to December, fruits in November

and January.

Notes: Monotaxis linifolia is most closely

related to M. occidentalis but differs from that

by its smooth rather than crenate longitudinal

ridges on the stems, its petals in male flowers

obtuse to rounded rather than acute at the apex,

and having a rudimentary ovary present in male

flowers.

2. Monotaxis occidentalis Endl., Enum. pi.

19 (1837); Monotaxis linifolia var.

occidentalis (Endl.) Mull.Arg., Linnaea

34: 63 (1865). Type: (Western

Australia.) Swan River, (without date,)

( K.A.A.F .) Hiigel (holo: W n.v.

(transparencies at BRI)).

Monotaxis cuneifolia Klotzsch in Lehm.,

PI. Preiss. 1: 176 (1845). Type:

(Western Australia.) Guildford, Perth,

14 Sep 1839, L. Preiss 1222 (holo: LD;

iso: K (ex herb. Benth.), G-DC n.v.,

microfiche IDC 800-73. 2456: I. 8,

MEL [MEL2065969, MEL2065971,

MEL2062924 (ex herb. Sonder)]).

Glabrous, monoecious, diffuse to compact,

herbaceous perennials to 20 cm high, with few

to many stems arising from a rootstock. Stems

sparingly branched, prostrate or ascending, up

to 0.9 mm across; young branchlets striate, pale

green; striae crenate. Leaves petiolate, mostly

alternate or subopposite distally on branchlets;

stipules triangular, 0.2-0.5 mm long, with apex

acute and margins entire, red-brown; petiole

c. 0.5 mm long, plano-convex in transverse

section; laminae narrowly obovate to obovate

or narrowly elliptic to broadly elliptic or rarely

ovate, (2.3-)6-12 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, with

base cuneate or rarely truncate and apex acute

and shortly apiculate, flat, with margins entire

and slightly recurved, smooth adaxially and

abaxially, + concolorous, crustaceous and

somewhat wrinkled when dried; midrib

obscure adaxially, prominent abaxially.

Inflorescence sessile; bracts numerous; outer

bracts ovate to broadly ovate, 0.7-1 mm long,

with margins entire, brown. Male flowers 4-

9 per cyme; pedicels 0.5 to 0.9 mm long; calyx

lobes narrowly ovate or ovate-elliptic, 1.1-1.6

mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, with apex acute

to shortly acuminate and margins entire, ± flat

but slightly recurved distally, of unknown

colour when fresh; petals ovate to broadly

ovate, 0.8-1.2 mm long including claw, 0.7-

0.9 mm wide, with base deeply cordate, apex

acute and margins entire, coarsely toothed or

somewhat undulate, white; glands up to 0.2

mm long, glabrous; staminal filaments 0.6-1

mm long; anthers c. 0.2 mm long; connective

tissue c. 0.2 mm long; rudimentary ovary

absent. Female flowers 1 or 2 per cyme, sessile;

calyx lobes narrowly ovate to ovate, 1.2-1.5

mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm wide, with apex acute

to shortly acuminate and margins entire,

concavo-convex, of unknown colour when

fresh; petals absent; glands forming a

continuous deeply 5-9-lobed ring, with lobes

0.5-0.7 mm long; ovary trigonal-ellipsoid, 0.7-

1 mm across and 1-1.2 mm long; styles 1.0-

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

279

1.3 mm long, deeply 2-lobed; lobes four-fifths

the length of style. Capsule ovoid, 2-3.2 mm

long, 1.5-1.9 mm across, ± rugose distally.

Seeds obloid, 1.1-1.6 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm

wide, 0.5-0.6 mm deep; testa smooth, brown;

caruncle sagittate in outline, 0.4-0.5 mm long,

0.4 mm across, white.

Selected specimens (from 24 examined): Western

Australia. Guildford, Sepl901, Andrews (PERTH);

Dwellingup, Nov 1942, Burbidge (PERTH); 8 km N of

Bullsbrook, Nov 1984, Cranfield 5025 (PERTH); Gravel

Reserve, Howell Road, off South Coast Highway, W of

Albany, Oct 1990, Croxford 1 (BRI); Gnangarra, Oct 1945,

Gardner (PERTH); Pinjarra, Murray River, Sep 1897, Helms

(PERTH); Bow River, Nov 1912, Jackson (NSW); 3 miles

(c. 5 km) SE of Bunbury on Boyanup road, Jan 1970,

Keighery 988 (PERTH); Lowden, 1909, Koch 1946 (MEL,

PERTH); Kelmscott, Dec 1900, Morrison (BRI); Yallingup

National Park, Jul 1974, Orchard 4314 (CANB, PERTH);

Northcliffe-Pemberton district, Oct 1962, Phillips 2595A

(CANB); Marriott Road between Brunswick and Rosamel,

Middle Wellesley River, Dec 1974, Pullen 9839 (CANB,

PERTH); c. 10 km W of Cookernup, Dec 1974, Pullen 9834

(CANB); 15 miles (c. 24 km) WofGingin,Dec 1953, Royce

4725 (PERTH); 5 miles (c. 8 km) SWof Nannup, Sep 1966,

Scrymgeour 1207 (PERTH); 11 miles (c. 18 km) along

Stewart Road towards Augusta, Oct 1966, Scrymgeour 1610

(PERTH); Jandakot Marsupial Breeding Station, Lake

Banganup, Oct 1974, Weston 9760 (PERTH); Scott River,

Dec 1978, Wittwer W2251 (CANB, PERTH).

Distribution and habitat: Monotaxis

occidentalis is confined to the south-west of

Western Australia where it occurs in coastal to

subcoastal areas from near Gingin southward

to the Bow River area and east to Walpole (Map

2). It is recorded as growing in heathland,

Banksia and Casuarina woodland, and

Eucalyptus marginata and Casuarina

woodland communities, on grey or white sandy

soils on sand plains, rarely on gravelly loam

soils. It is also recorded in Melaleuca

woodland communities in swampy areas on

black peaty or clayey sands.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits have been

collected from September to January.

Notes: Monotaxis occidentalis is the only

species in M. sect. Monotaxis that occurs in

Western Australia. It is most closely related to

M. linifolia in eastern Australia. For

differences from M. linifolia, refer to notes

under that species.

Typical specimens of M. occidentalis

have a diffuse habit and narrowly obovate to

obovate or narrowly elliptic to broadly elliptic

leaf laminae measuring 6-12 mm long. The

collections Phillips 2595A (CANB), Jackson

[NSW273987](NSW), Scrymgeour 1610

(PERTH) and Croxford 1 (BRI) from between

Augusta and Walpole have a smaller, compact

habit and smaller, ovate leaf laminae which

are only 2-3 mm long. This variation may be

worth formal recognition and warrants further

field studies of this taxon.

3. Monotaxis macrophylla Benth., FI. Austral.

6:79 (1873). T^pe: (New South Wales/

Queensland.) summit of Mount Danger,

Moreton Bay, (without date,)

A. Cunningham (holo: K n.v.

(cibachrome at BRI)).

Illustrations: G.M. Cunningham et al.

(1982: 459); T.A. James and G.J.

Harden (1990: 404).

Glabrous, monoecious, fruticose annuals or

short-lived herbaceous perennials to 90 cm

high, with few to many stems arising from base.

Stems sparingly to much branched, ascending

to erect, up to 4 mm across; young branchlets

smooth, pale green or purplish green. Leaves

petiolate, mostly alternate or subopposite or

subwhorled distally on branchlets; stipules

subtriangular, 0.9-1.5 mm long, with apex

acuminate and margins with irregular gland-

tipped lobes, pale yellow to white; petiole 1-5

mm long, concavo-convex in transverse

section; laminae ovate or narrowly obovate to

obovate, (6-)10-35 mm long, (1.5—)2—15 mm

wide, with base attenuate and apex acute to

obtuse and minutely apiculate, flat, with

margins entire or coarsely toothed distally with

obtuse-tipped teeth, smooth adaxially and

abaxially, discolorous, chartaceous and smooth

when dried; midrib slightly impressed

adaxially, prominent abaxially. Inflorescence

sessile or pedunculate when peduncles stout,

up to 25 mm long and 0.5-0.8 mm across;

bracts numerous; outer bracts ovate, c. 0.8 mm

long, with margins entire, yellow. Male flowers

3-14 per cyme; pedicels 1.5-3.5 mm long;

calyx lobes ovate, ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 1.2-

1.7 mm long, 0.7-1.1 mm wide, with apex

acute and margins entire, keeled distally,

yellow; petals reniform, 0.5-1.1 mm long

including claw, 0.8-1.3 mm wide, with base

280

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

deeply cordate, apex rounded but sometimes

notched and margins entire or undulate, white;

glands 0.2-0.3 mm long, glabrous; staminal

filaments 1.1-1.7 mm long; anthers 0.2-0.3

mm long; connective tissue 0.1-0.2 mm long;

rudimentary ovary absent. Female flowers 1

or 2 per cyme, sessile; calyx lobes ovate to

broadly ovate, 1-1.3 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm

wide, with apex acute and margins entire,

concavo-convex, yellow; petals absent; glands

3-5,0.3-0.4 mm long; ovary trigonal-globose,

c. 1.7 mm across and 1.4 mm long; styles 0.9-

1.2 mm long, 2-lobed; lobes c. half the length

of style. Capsule ovoid, 3-4 mm long, 2.9-3

mm across, smooth. Seeds obloid, 1.8-2 mm

long, 1.2-1.3 mm wide, 0.9-1 mm deep; testa

smooth, brown to black; caruncle

hemispherical, 0.3-0.6 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm

across, white or pale red. Fig. 2.

Selected specimens (from 56 examined): Queensland.

Mitchell District: near Red Gorge, White Mountains

National Park, Jun 1992, Bean 4579 (BRI); 41 km N of

Torrens Creek, May 1993, Thompson & Turpin HUG260

(BRI). Leichhardt District: Mt Zamia EP, just W of

Springsure, Nov 1993, Bean 6912 (BRI). Port Curtis

District: Amos road, N of Mullet Creek, NW of Bundaberg,

Aug 1996, Bean 10542 (BRI, NSW). Burnett District:

Abbeywood,NNEofProston,May 1996 ,Bean 10281 (BRI);

2.5 km W of “Toondahra” Homestead, base of Mt Loma,

Sep 1985, Forster PIF2225 (BRI). Wide Bay District: Mt

Tinbeerwah, c. 5 miles (8 km) W of Tewantin, Jan 1970,

Henderson H538 (BRI); 2 km SE of Woodgate, Nov 1993,

Bean 7040 (BRI, NSW); Kinkuna National Park, SE of

Bundaberg on southern boundary of park, Apr 1994, Brushe

JB770 (BRI); Mt Walsh summit, Mt Walsh National Park,

Aug 1996, Forster PIF19547 etal. (BRI); Elliott River, on

main road S of Bundaberg, Jul 1958, Gittins (BRI); Mt

Tinbeerwah, about 6 km W of Tewantin, Jan 1989, Sharpe

4841 (BRI); Mt Tinbeerwah, May 1969, Smith (BRI).

Darling Downs District: 1.6 mi les (C.2.6km) S of Miles,

Mar 1994, Bean 7578 (BRI, MEL); Miles, Jun 1946, Webb

1160 & White (BRI). Moreton District: CanungraArmy

Reserve, Sep 1994, Forster PIF15 111 (BRI, NSW). New

South Wales. Hermitage Plains, Cobar District, Jul 1903,

Bauerlen (NSW); c. 0.9 km SE of the confluence of Burra

Creek and Oulla Creek, Jan 1991, Albrecht 4698 &

Westaway (MEL); Deua National Park, Burra Creek, 1.5

km due ESE of the confluence of Burra and Coondella

Creeks, Jan 1993, Albrecht 5307 (MEL).

Distribution and habitat: In Queensland,

M. macrophylla occurs from near

Rockhampton southwards to the McPherson

Range, with isolated populations near

Hughenden and Springsure. M. macrophylla

also occurs in isolated occurrences in New

South Wales from Howell, Cobar and Batemans

Bay districts (Map 3). In coastal areas, it is

recorded as growing in heathland, Banksia

woodland and open Eucalyptus forest

communities, on deep white sandy soils. In

subcoastal and inland areas, it is recorded as

growing in heathland and Eucalyptus

woodland and open forest communities, on

shallow sandy or red loam soils, on stony

ridges, rocky mountain slopes, and sandstone

gorges and plateaux. It is also recorded as

growing in areas subject to disturbance such

as cultivation and along firebreaks.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits have been

collected throughout the year.

Notes: Monotaxis macrophylla is closely

related to M. luteiflora and M. tenuis. It differs

from M. luteiflora in its longer staminal

filaments (1.9-2.5 mm long as compared with

1.0-1.8 mm long) and obloid rather than

ellipsoid seeds. M. macrophylla generally has

green leaves, although sometimes with a

purplish tinge, while M. luteiflora has

yellowish green leaves. Monotaxis

macrophylla differs from M. tenuis in its robust

habit, fleshier leaves, entire or obtuse-toothed

rather than acute-toothed leaves and stouter

peduncles (0.5-0.8 mm across as compared

with 0.2-0.3 mm across).

There is considerable variation in the size

of the leaves and degree of division of the leaf

margins of this species as circumscribed here.

The collections Henderson H538 (BRI) from

the Wide Bay District, Bean 7578 (BRI) and

Webb 1160 & White (BRI) from the Darling

Downs District and Thompson & Turpin

HUG260 (BRI) from the Mitchell District all

have comparatively very small entire leaves (6-

10 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide) and the stems

are much more intricately branched than are

those in other variants of this species. However,

these variations tend to intergrade and are not

considered worthy of formal recognition.

4. Monotaxis luteiflora F.Muell., Fragm. 10:

51/ 52 (1876). Type: (Western

Australia.) Victoria Spring, (in 1875,) J.

Young (lecto, here chosen: MEL

[MEL2065966]).

Illustrations: G. Griming (1913: 80, fig.

13 E); A. Kalotas (1981: 191, fig. 217);

J.Z. Weber (1986: 758, fig. 405).

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

281

Fig. 2. Monotaxis macrophylla.A. habit. x0.4. B. section of branchlet with stipule and leaf. xl6. C. flowering branchlet. x4.

D. male flower. xl6. E. adaxial view of petal of male flower. x30. F. adaxial view of petal of male flower, flattened out. x30.

G. abaxial view of antipetalous stamen. x30. H. fruit from side. xl2. I. fruit from above. xl2. A from Smith [AQ316165]

(BRI); B, C from Bean 10542 (BRI); D-G from Henderson H3206 (BRI); H, I from Francis [AQ204098] (BRI). Del. W.

Smith.

282

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

Glabrous, monoecious, fruticose annuals or

possibly short-lived herbaceous perennials to

60 cm high, with few to many stems arising

from the base. Stems sparingly to much-

branched, ascending to erect or sometimes

decumbent, up to 4 mm across; young

branchlets smooth, their colour when fresh

unknown. Leaves petiolate, alternate or

subopposite or subwhorled distally on

branchlets; stipules triangular, 1.5-2.5 mm

long, with apex acute to acuminate and margins

with irregular, gland-tipped lobes, pale yellow;

petiole 2-15 mm long, concavo-convex in

transverse section; laminae narrowly elliptic

to elliptic, narrowly ovate or narrowly obovate,

15-50 mm long, 3-14 mm wide, with base

attenuate and apex obtuse, flat, with margins

entire or coarsely toothed distally with obtuse-

tipped teeth, smooth adaxially and abaxially,

discolorous, crustaceous and somewhat

wrinkled when dried; midrib impressed

adaxially, prominent abaxially. Inflorescence

sessile or pedunculate when peduncles stout,

3-30 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm across; bracts

numerous; outer bracts broadly ovate, 1.4-2

mm long, with margins entire, yellow. Male

flowers 3-22 per cyme; pedicels 2.2-5 mm

long; calyx lobes narrowly ovate or ovate-

elliptic, L9-2.4 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, with

apex acute and margins entire, slightly keeled

distally, yellow; petals reniform, 0.8-1.3 mm

long including claw, 1.4-1.8 mm wide, with

base deeply cordate, apex rounded and notched

and margins entire, white or yellow; glands

0.1-0.2 mm long, glabrous; staminal filaments

1.9-2.5 mm long; anthers 0.2-0.3 mm long;

connective tissue 0.1-0.2 mm long;

rudimentary ovary absent. Female flowers 1-

3(-6) per cyme, subsessile; calyx lobes broadly

ovate or suborbicular, 1.2-1.8 mm long, 1.2-

1.8 mm wide, with apex obtuse and margins

entire or undulate, flat, yellow; petals absent

or rarely present as minute rudimentary lobes;

glands 5, up to 0.4 mm long; ovary trigonal-

globose, 1.1-1.6 mm across and 1.3-1.6 mm

long; styles 1-1.5 mm long, 2-lobed; lobes c.

half the length of style. Capsule subglobose,

2.7-3.2 mm long, 2.7-3 mm across, smooth.

Seeds ellipsoid, slightly dorsi-ventrally

flattened, 1.8-1.9 mm long, 1.4-1.5 mm wide,

1.1-1.4 mm deep; testa smooth, brown;

caruncle hemispherical, 0.4-0.6 mm long, 0.5-

0.7 mm across, white or pale red.

Selected specimens (from 42 examined): Western

Australia. 36 mi les (c. 58 km) N of Wiluna, Sep 1973,

Beard 6557 (NSW, PERTH); 5 km N of Gary Junction-Well

35 track along Billiluna track. May 1979, George 15659

(CANB, PERTH); No 16 Well, Canning Stock Route, May

1968, de Graaf 174 (PERTH); 70 km E of Calvert Range,

Jun 1984, Morse 212 (CANB, PERTH); 40 km NE of

Earaheedy HS (Homestead), Sep 1979, Toelken 6265

(MEL); 76 miles (c.122 km) N of Sandstone, Jul 1963,

George 5649 (PERTH); c. 45 km E of Milbillillia Homestead

on Barwidgee road, May 1978, Craven 5371 (CANB); 30

miles (c. 48 km) N of Wiluna, Sep 1957, Speck 832 (CANB,

PERTH); 62 miles (c. 100 km) N of Agnew on road to

Wiluna, Aug 1963, Aplin 2398 (MEL, PERTH); 48 km N

of Leonora, Sep 1939, BlackalHUS (PERTH); Comet Yale,

Sep 1927, Gardner 2157 (PERTH); c. 35 km Wof Plumridge

Lakes, 8.5 kmWNW of Salt Creek airstrip, Sep 1979, Crisp

5834 etal. (CANB); Officer Basin, Nov 1986, Pearson 130

(PERTH); 9 miles (c.14 km) W of Coolgardie, Sep 1962,

Phillips [CBG038821] (CANB); 5.2km Wof Zanthus, Oct

1986, Keighery & Alford 908 (PERTH); Panton (Ponton)

Creek, 144 miles (c. 232 km) E of Kalgoorlie, Jun 1974,

Aplin 5718 & Trudgen (CANB, PERTH). Northern

Territory. Hasst Bluff Station, Dec 1977, Latz 7515 (BRI);

Talipata East, W of Haast Bluff, Dec 1977, Latz 7533 (BRI).

South Australia. 2 km NW (of) Victory Well, The Everard

Ranges, May 1991, Latz 11890 (AD); Mount Illbillee, The

Everard Ranges, Sep 1968, Spooner 121 (AD).

Distribution and habitat : Monotaxis luteiflora

is confined to the central and southern inland

areas of Western Australia from the Great

Sandy Desert southwards to Zanthus, with

disjunct populations in southern Northern

Territory on Haast Bluff Station and in The

Everard Ranges in the Far North West district

of South Australia (Map 4). It is recorded as

growing in Triodia grassland, shrub steppe and

mallee communities, on red sandy soils, on

plains and dunefields, and was frequently noted

to occur in areas regenerating after fire ( Speck

832 (CANB, PERTH), Latz 7522 (BRI), Beard

6557 (NSW, PERTH), Latz 11890 (AD)). At

Haast Bluff, M. luteiflora has been collected

from along a small watercourse and the upper

slopes of quartzite hills.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits have been

collected from May to November, with

occasional collections from February and

March.

Typification: Mueller (1876) cited two

collections in the protologue of M. luteiflora ,

viz. “Ad Victoria-Spring et Ularing: Young”.

We have located three sheets that are relevant,

viz. East of Ularing, 10-15 Oct 1875, Young

[MEL2065961] (MEL); Victoria Springs,

Young [MEL2065966] (MEL); East of Ularing,

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

283

1875, Young (K). The sheet MEL2065966 at

MEL is here chosen as the lectotype of the name

M. luteiflora because it is the most complete

of the three having both leaves and flowers still

attached to the branchlets.

Notes: Monotaxis luteiflora is most closely

related to M. macrophylla and M. tenuis. It

differs from M. macrophylla in its shorter

staminal filaments (1.0-1.8 mm long as

compared with 1.9-2.5 mm long) and ellipsoid

rather than obloid seeds. M.luteiflora has

generally yellowish green leaves while

M. macrophylla has mostly green leaves.

Monotaxis luteiflora differs from M. tenuis by

its robust habit, more fleshy leaves, entire or

obtuse-toothed rather than acute-toothed leaves

and stouter peduncles (0.7-0.9 mm across as

compared with 0.2-0.3 mm across).

5. Monotaxis tenuis Airy Shaw, Muelleria 4:

239 (1980). Type: Northern Territory.

41 mil es (c. 65 km) NE of Pine Creek,

25 Jul 1971, M.M.J. van Balgooy & N.

Byrnes 1358 (holo: K; iso: CANB).

Glabrous, monoecious, diffuse annuals to 60

cm high, with a single stem at the base. Stems

sparingly to much branched, ascending to erect,

up to 5 mm across; young branchlets smooth,

pale green to greenish yellow. Leaves petiolate,

alternate or subopposite or subwhorled distally

on branchlets; stipules triangular, 0.8-1.5 mm

long, with apex acuminate and margins with

irregular, gland-tipped lobes, white to pale

yellow; petiole 2-17 mm long, concavo-convex

in transverse section; laminae narrowly ovate,

narrowly obovate or narrowly elliptic, 12-50

mm long, 4-13 mm wide, with base attenuate

to cuneate and apex acute to obtuse, flat with

margins coarsely toothed with acute-tipped

teeth, smooth adaxially and abaxially,

discolorous, chartaceous when dried; midrib

impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially.

Inflorescence sessile or pedunculate with

peduncles slender, up to 40 mm long and 0.2-

0.3 mm across; bracts numerous; outer bracts

ovate to broadly ovate, 1-1.2 mm long, with

margins entire or toothed, greenish yellow.

Male flowers 3-11 per cyme; pedicels 1.3-2

mm long; calyx lobes ovate-elliptic, 0.9-1.5

mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, with apex acute

and margins entire, slightly keeled distally,

greenish yellow or white; petals reniform, 0.6-

0.9 mm long including claw, c. 1 mm wide,

with base deeply cordate, apex rounded and

margins entire, white or pale yellow; glands c.

0.1 mm long, glabrous; staminal filaments 1.1-

1.5 mm long; anthers 0.1-0.2 mm long;

connective tissue up to 0.1 mm long;

rudimentary ovary absent. Female flowers 1

or 2 per cyme, sessile or shortly pedicellate

when pedicels c. 0.1 mm long; calyx lobes

narrowly ovate to ovate, 1.1-1.7 mm long, 0.5-

1 mm wide, with apex acute and margins ±

entire, concavo-convex, greenish yellow; petals

absent; glands up to 5,0.3-0.6 mm long; ovary

trigonal-ellipsoid, 1.4-1.6 mm across and 1.5-

2.1 mm long; styles 1-1.4 mm long, 2-lobed;

lobes c. two-thirds the length of style. Capsule

ellipsoid, 3-3.5 mm long, 2.5-2.7 mm across,

± smooth. Seeds obloid to ellipsoid, slightly

dorsi-ventrally flattened, 1.8-2.1 mm long,

1.2-1.4 mm wide, 0.8-1 mm deep; testa

smooth, brown; caruncle sagittate in outline,

c. 0.5 mm long, c. 0.6 mm across, pinkish

white.

Selected specimens (from 19 examined ): Western

Australia. Mitchell River, Feb 1980, Dunlop 5290

(PERTH). Northern Territory. Mt Brockman, Feb 1977,

Barnett & Azzoardi 49 (CANB); Kakadu National Park,

Upper Gimbat Creek, Apr 1990, Cowie 1154 & Leach

(MET.); 23.5 km WSW of Twin Falls, May 1980, Craven

6206 (CANB, MEL); 1 km S of Twin Falls, May 1980,

Craven 5805 (CANB); Kakadu National Park, Apr 1990,

Dunlop 8569 & Munns (BRI); Deaf Adder Gorge, Feb 1977,

Dunlop 4433 (CANB, NSW); East Alligator River area, Mar

1973, Dunlop 3423 (BRI); Ikoymarrwa Lookout, 70 km

NE of Pine Creek, Kakadu National Park, Apr 1992, Halford

Q1163 (BRI); Baroalba Springs, Kubarra, Kakadu National

Park, Apr 1992, Halford Q1106 (BRI); Mt Brockman

Outlier, 15 km SE of Jabiru, Apr 1989, Johnson 4800 (BRI);

c. 31 miles (50 km) ENE of Mudginbarry HS (Homestead),

Feb 1973, Lazarides 111 A (BRI, NSW); 15.5 km SW of

Twin Falls, May 1980, Lazarides 9113 (CANB); 2-3 miles

(c. 3-5 km) N (of) El Sharana, Jan 1973, Martensz &

Schodde AE561 (CANB); UDP Falls, near El Sharana, Jan

1973, McKean B866 (BRI, CANB).

Distribution and habitat: Monotaxis tenuis

occurs in the Mitchell River area of the

Kimberley region, Western Australia, and in

Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory

(Map 5). It is recorded from seasonally moist

sandy habitats on sandstone outcrops.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits have been

collected from January to April.

284

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

Notes: Airy Shaw (1980) recorded Monotaxis

tenuis as occurring in south-east Queensland,

based on a collection by C.T. White from near

Canungra {White 11051). Examination of BRI

holdings of this collection shows it to be

M. macrophylla.

Monotaxis tenuis is most closely related

to M. macrophylla and M. luteiflora. It differs

from both these species by its slender habit,

thinner textured, acute-toothed (as opposed to

entire or obtuse-toothed) leaves and slender

peduncles 0.2-0.3 mm (as compared with 0.4-

0.9 mm) across.

Monotaxis sect. Hippocrepandra (Miill.Arg.)

Baill., Adansonia 6: 291 (1866). Type:

M. gracilis (Miill.Arg.) Baill. (=

M. bracteata Nees)

Monoecious or dioecious, herbaceous

perennials; stems filled internally with spongy

parenchyma tissue. Leaves crowded with

internodes 1-20 mm long; laminae with

margins entire, mostly revolute. Inflorescences

sessile. Male flowers 5-merous; calyx

imbricate, without glands on abaxial surface;

petals present, longer than calyx lobes;

antisepalous glands with ter min al tuft of simple

hairs; stamens 10(rarely 11); connective

slender; rudimentary ovary present. Female

flowers 5(rarely 6)-merous; calyx imbricate,

without glands on abaxial surface; petals

present, longer than calyx lobes; styles slender,

with numerous linear lobes abaxially.

Distribution: The species of Monotaxis sect.

Hippocrepandra are confined to south-western

Western Australia.

6. Monotaxis bracteata Nees in Lehm., PI.

Preiss. 2: 230 (1848); Hippocrepandra

neesiana Miill.Arg., Linnaea 34: 62

(1865), nom. illeg.; Monotaxis neesiana

Baill., Adansonia 6: 293 (1866), nom.

illeg. Type: (Western Australia.) York,

12 Sept 1839, L. Preiss 1219 (holo: LD;

iso: G-DC n.v., microfiche IDC 800-73.

2455: III. 5, MEL [MEL2065970,

MEL2062922 (ex herb. Sonder)]).

Monotaxis megacarpa F.Muell., Fragm. 4:

143 (1864). Type: (Western Australia.)

Murchinson River, (without date,) A.F.

Oldfield (lecto, here chosen: MEL

[MEL2065964]; isolecto: K (ex herb.

Hook.); MEL [MEL2065963]).

Hippocrepandra gracilis Miill.Arg.,

Linnaea 34: 62 (1865); Monotaxis

gracilis (Miill.Arg.) Baill., Adansonia

6: 293 (1866); Monotaxis gracilis

Miill.Arg. var. gracilis, Griining in A.

Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 83/84 (1913).

Type citation: (Western Australia.) “Ad

Swan River (Drummond ser.3. n.18)”

(holo: G-DC n.v., microfiche IDC 800-

73. 2455: III. 4; iso: K (2 sheets),

PERTH).

Hippocrepandra lurida Miill.Arg., Linnaea

34: 61/ 62 (1865); Monotaxis lurida

(Miill.Arg.) Benth., FI. Austral. 6: 80

(1873). Type: (Western Australia.)

Swan River, (without date,) J.

Drummond ser.6. n.87 (holo: G-DC n.v.,

microfiche IDC 800-73. 2455: III. 3;

iso: K; MEL [MEL2065967]).

Monotaxis oldfieldii Baill., Adansonia 6:

293 (1866). Type: (Western Australia.)

Murchison river, (without date,) A.F.

Oldfield (holo: MEL [MEL2065962];

iso: K, MEL [MEL2065968]).

Monotaxis gracilis var. virgata Griining in

A. Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 83/84

(1913). Type: Western Australia.

Watheroo Rabbit Fence, Sep 1905, M.

Koch 1457 (syn: ? n.v.; isosyn: K (2

sheets), MEL [MEL2065960], NSW,

PERTH); Western Australia. Victoria,

Greenough River Crossing, (without

date,) Diels 3297a (syn: ? n.v.).

Monotaxis stowardii S.Moore, J. Linn.

Soc., Bot, 45: 192/193 (1920). Type:

Western Australia. Traying, in 1917, F.

Stoward 292 (holo: BM n.v.

(transparenies at BRI); iso: MEL

[MEL2065965]).

Monotaxis gracilis var. genuina Griining

in A.Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 84 (1913),

nom. inval.

Illustration: G. Griining (1913: 83, fig. 14

A), as M. gracilis var. virgata.

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

285

Glabrous, monoecious or sometimes apparently

dioecious, compact herbaceous perennials to

50 cm high, with few to many stems arising

from a single rootstock. Stems sparingly to

much branched, ascending to erect, up to 4 mm

across; bark spongy, fissured, dull greyish

white; young branchlets smooth or papillose,

reddish brown. Leaves petiolate or subsessile,

alternate; stipules narrowly triangular to

subulate, 0.3-2 mm long, erect, mostly entire

or sometimes unequally 2(to 4)-fid, red-brown;

petiole up to 0.8 mm long, plano-convex in

transverse section; laminae lanceolate,

narrowly ovate, narrowly elliptic, narrowly

oblong-elliptic or lorate, (5-)8-30 mm long,

(0.6-)3-6 mm wide, with base obtuse or

cuneate and apex acute to obtuse with short

apiculum, ± flat with margins entire and

recurved to revolute, smooth adaxially and

abaxially, discolorous, crustaceous and dull

green to brown when dried; midrib obscure or

slightly impressed adaxially, prominent

abaxially. Inflorescence sessile; bracts

numerous; outer bracts ovate, up to 2.5 mm

long, with margins toothed, reddish brown.

Male flowers 6-9 per cyme; pedicels 2-3.3 mm

long; calyx lobes ovate, 1-1.8 mm long, 0.7-

1.2 mm wide, with apex acute to obtuse and

margins erose, + flat, dark red or yellowish

green with margins red; petals ovate or oblong,

2.1- 4.1 mm long including claw, 1.3-2.3 mm

wide, with base cordate or auriculate, apex

obtuse to rounded or acute and margins entire

or erose, white or yellowish white; glands 0.3-

0.8 mm long, with terminal tuft of hairs 0.4-

1.4 mm long; staminal filaments 1.7-3.1 mm

long; anthers 0.3-0.4 mm long; connective

tissue 0.2-0.9 mm long; rudimentary ovary

present, with 3-5 erect linear lobes; lobes 1.2-

2.7 mm long. Female flowers 1-4 per cyme,

pedicellate; pedicels 2-3.2 mm long; calyx

lobes ovate, 1.6-2.8 mm long, 0.9-1.3 mm

wide, with apex acute or shortly acuminate and

margins erose, + flat, green with a reddish

blush on margins; petals ovate or elliptic, 2.5-

3.8 mm long including claw, 1.5-2.4 mm wide,

with base truncate or cuneate, apex acute or

obtuse to rounded and margins erose, ± flat,

white or yellowish white; glands 7-10, 0.4-

0.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary trigonal-globose,

1.1- 2.8 mm across and 1.1-2.2 mm long; styles

1.5-2.3 mm long, 2-lobed; lobes two-thirds to

three-quarters the length of style. Capsule

subglobose, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 3-4.5 mm

across, + smooth. Seeds ellipsoid, ovoid or

obloid, slightly dorsi-ventrally flattened, 1.8-

2.5 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm wide, 1.1-1.5 mm

deep; testa slightly rugose or smooth, grey or

reddish-brown; caruncle sagittate in outline,

0.7-0.9 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm across,

yellowish white. Fig. 3.

Selected specimens (from 100 examined): Western

Australia. Kalbarri National Park, c. 6 km along the track

to the Z-bend from the intersection with the Ajana-Kalbarri

Road, Sep 1990, Albrecht 4217 & Fuhrer (MEL); 3 mi les

(c. 5 km) N of Drummonds Crossing on Eneabba-Dongara

Highway, Nov 1974, Beard 7277 (PERTH); Ajana, Aug

1980, Bellairs 1383 (PERTH); between Northampton and

Geraldton, Sep 1932, Blackall 2734 (PERTH); Pindar, Sep

1931, Blackall 656 (PERTH); South Arrows m ith River, Sep

1969, Bums 113 (PERTH); 17.1 miles (c. 27.5 km) from

Wubin towards Wongan Hills, Sep 1968, Canning (BRI,

CANB); 6 km NNW of Mount Muggawa, Sep 1990,

Cranfield 7873 Sc Spencer (CANB); South Eneabba road,

Jul 1980, Cranfield 1476 (CANB, PERTH); 15 km NW of

Jitarning, Oct 1983, Cranfield4145 (PERTH); Murchinson

House Station, Shark Bay track, 23 km N of river, Oct 1993,

Craven 8930 et al. (CANB, MEL); 5 km S of Kalbarri

airstrip, Oct 1979, Crisp 6302 et al. (CANB); c. 9 km NE

of Perenjori, on road to Morawa , Sep 1988, Henderson

H3152 (BRI); c. 11 km NW of Three Springs, on The

Midlands Road to Mingenew, Sep 1988, Henderson H3142

(BRI); SE foothills of Mt Caroline, c. 19 km SSW of

Kellerberrin, Sep 1988, Henderson H3159 (BRI); St Ronans

Nature Reserve, 17 km W of York, Nov 1985, Keighery &

Alford 381 (PERTH); 30 miles (c. 48 km) E of Geraldton,

Apr 1960, Long 46 (PERTH); 24 miles (c. 39 km) from

Dongara towards Eneabba, Sep 1968, Phillips (CANB,

MEL); 25 km from North West Coastal Highway along road

to Kalbarri, Sep 1983, Purdie 5202 (CANB); 6 miles (c. 10

km) NW of Three Springs, Geraldton Highway, Sep 1966,

Smith 66/249 (CANB, MEL, PERTH).

Distribution and habitat : Monotaxis bracteata

is confined to the south-west of Western

Australia, from Kalbarri south-east to Jitarning

(Map 6). It is recorded as growing in sandplain

heath, shrubland and eucalypt woodland

communities, on deep sandy soils or sandy to

sandy loam soils sometimes with lateritic

gravel in the soil profile or over laterite, on

sandplains and low undulating country. It is

also recorded from granitic soils on Mt Stirling

and near Wubin.

Phenology: Flowers have been collected from

April to November, fruits from August to

December.

Typification : Mueller (1864) cited “Ad flumen

Murchison River, Oldfield” in the protologue

of Monotaxis megacarpa. Three relevant

286

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

Fig. 3. Monotaxis bracteata. A. habit. x0.4. B. section of branchlet with stipule, x 16. C. flowering branchlet. x4. D. male

flower. x8. E. adaxial view of petal of male flower, x 12. F. adaxial view of petal of male flower, flattened out. x 12. G abaxial

view of antisepalous stamen. xl6. H. abaxial view of antipetalous stamen. xl6. I. fruit from side. x8. J. fruit from above. x8.

A, C-J from Henderson H3142 (BRI); B from Canning [AQ204085] (BRI). Del. W. Smith.

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

287

specimens have been located, two at MEL

(MEL2065964 and MEL2065963) and one at

K. All three are labelled M. megacarpa. The

two MEL sheets have been labelled

M. megacarpa in what we believe to be

Mueller’s hand. The MEL sheet MEL2065964

is here chosen as the lectotype of Mueller’s

name M. megacarpa.

Notes: Bentham (1873) and Griming (1913)

placed the name M. bracteata Nees in

synonymy under M. grandiflora Endl. As

noted by Bentham, the type material of

M. bracteata (Preiss 1219) is lacking leaves

along the main stems, but it has a few leaves

attached to the shorter lateral branchlets.

However, after close examination of specimens

of Preiss 1219 held at LD and MEL, it is clear

that M. bracteata does not apply to the species

named M. grandiflora. The young branchlets

of Preiss 1219 are clearly papillose, a character

state that has not been observed by us in

material referred to M. grandiflora. Since it

is conspecific with the species here

circumscribed, the name M. bracteata , being

the earliest legitimate name available for it, is

thus the correct name to apply to this taxon.

As circumscribed here, M. bracteata is

morphologically variable. There is

considerable variation in the general aspect of

plants, leaf and stem thickness, degree of stem

branching and the degree of curvature of the

leaf lamina margins. The majority of names

placed in synonymy of M. bracteata Nees are

applicable to one of two common forms of the

plant. M. megacarpa F.Muell., M. gracilis

(MuellArg.) Baill. and M. stowardii S.Moore

apply to slender stemmed, thin leaved and

regularly branched forms, while the names

M. lurida (Miiell.Arg.) Benth. andM. oldfieldi

Baill. apply to more robust stemmed, thick

leaved and generally less-branched forms.

7. Monotaxis grandiflora Endl., Enum. pi. 19/

20 (1837). Type: (Western Australia.)

King George Sound, (without date,)

K.A.A.F. Hiigel (holo: W n.v.

(transparencies at BRI)).

Glabrous, monoecious or dioecious, compact

to diffuse herbaceous perennials to 30 cm high,

with few to many stems arising from a single

rootstock. Stems sparingly to much branched,

ascending to erect, up to 4 mm across; bark

spongy, ± smooth or fissured, dull yellowish

brown; young branchlets + smooth or slightly

striate when dried, reddish brown. Leaves

petiolate or subsessile, alternate or subopposite

directly below inflorescences; stipules subulate,

(0.6-)l-3 mm long, erect, with apex entire or

unequally bifid with secondary lobes up to 1.5

mm long, twisted and usually reflexed, red-

brown; petiole up to 0.7 mm long, plano¬

convex in transverse section; laminae linear,

lorate or lanceolate, 2-20 mm long, 0.6-1.2(-

1.6) mm wide, with base cuneate and apex

acute with prominent apiculum up to 0.4 mm

long or obtuse, with margins entire, strongly

revolute to midrib, smooth adaxially, smooth

or papillate abaxially, crustaceous and grey-

white when dried; midrib obscure adaxially,

prominent abaxially. Inflorescence sessile;

bracts numerous; outer bracts + oblong, up to

1.5 mm long, with margins toothed distally,

reddish brown. Male flowers 2-15 per cyme;

pedicels 2.6-5.4 mm long; calyx lobes ovate

or ovate-elliptic, 0.7-2.2 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm

wide, with apex acute or shortly acuminate and

margins + entire, + flat, pale green with pink

or pink-orange margins; petals ovate or oblong,

2.0-2.6 mm long including claw, 1.0-1.6 mm

wide, with base cordate or auriculate, apex

rounded or obtuse with a minute apiculum and

margins entire or erose, pink, creamy white or

pale yellow; glands 0.1-0.4 mm long, with a

terminal tuft of hairs up to 0.2 mm long;

staminal filaments 1.3-2.1 mm long; anthers

0.2-0.3 mm long; connective tissue 0.2-0.5

mm long; rudimentary ovary present, with 3-

5 erect linear lobes 1.3-1.7 mm long. Female

flowers 1-5 per cyme, pedicellate; pedicels 0.8-

2 mm long; calyx lobes ovate to broadly ovate,

1.1-2.9 mm long, 0.4-1.2 mm wide, with apex

acute to shortly acuminate and margins entire

or erose, ± flat, pale green with pink or pink-

orange margins; petals ovate or elliptic, 2.2-

3.4 mm long, 1.3-1.6 mm wide, with base

cuneate, apex acute to obtuse and sometimes

shortly apiculate and margins entire or erose,

+ flat, pink, creamy white or pale yellow;

glands 5, 0.2-0.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary

trigonal-globose, 1.1-1.6 mm across and 1.1-

1.6 mm long; styles 1.2-1.8 mm long, 2-lobed;

lobes c. four-fifths the length of the style.

Capsule subglobose, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm

across, ± smooth. Seeds ovoid to globose or

288

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

ellipsoid, slightly dorsi-ventrally flattened, 1.2-

1.8 mm long, 0.9-1.4 mm wide, 0.8-1.1 mm

deep; testa smooth, brown to dark brown;

caruncle reniform to sagitate in outline, 0.7-

0.9 mm long, 0.6 mm across, yellowish white.

Distribution: Monotaxis grandiflora is

confined to the south-west of Western

Australia, in an area approximately bounded

by Dongara, Perth, Stirling Ranges, Esperance,

Widgiemooltha and Wubin (Maps 7 & 8).

1. Leaf apex apiculate.

Leaves apex obtuse or acute.

Notes: Monotaxis grandiflora differs from M.

bracteata in having generally narrower leaf

laminae with the margins revolute to the midrib

so that only the midrib is visible on the abaxial

surface, and having a greyish white appearance

when dried, as well as branchlets which are

smooth and never papillose.

Variability within this species warrants

two varieties being recognised. They can be

distinguished using the following key.

.7a. M. grandiflora var. grandiflora

.7b. M. grandiflora var. obtusifolia

7a. Monotaxis grandiflora Endl. var.

grandiflora

Monotaxis ericoides Klotzsch in Lehm., PL

Preiss. 1: 111 (1845 ); Hippocrepandra

ericoides (Klotszch) Miill.Arg.,

Linnaea 34: 62 (1865) nom. reject.

Type: Western Australia. Perth, 19 Sep

1839, L. Preiss 1218 (holo: LD; iso: B

(Herb. L.C.Treviranus ace. 1936), G-DC

n.v., microfiche IDC 800-73. 2455:1. 6

(top element), MEL [MEL2062925 (ex

herb. Sonder), MEL2062923 (ex herb.

Sonder), MEL2066088]).

Monotaxis grandiflora var. typica Griming

in A. Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58: 85

(1913), nom. inval.

Perennials to 30 cm high. Leaves with petiole

0.5-0.7 mm long; laminae linear to lanceolate,

4-20 mm long, 0.6-1.2(-l.6) mm wide, the

apex acute with a prominent apiculum up to

0.4 mm long. Male flowers with calyx lobes

ovate or ovate-elliptic, 1.1-2.2 mm long and

acute or shortly acuminate, and with petals

ovate or oblong, 2.2-2.6 mm long. Lemale

flowers with calyx lobes ovate and 2.0-2.9 mm

long with petals ovate, 2.5-3.4 mm long.

Selected specimens (from 61 examined): Western

Australia. Mt Desmond, near Ravensthorpe, Oct 1963, Aplin

2691 (MEL, PERTH); S of Dongara, Eneabba road, Sep

1969, Ashby 3014 (PERTH); c. 8 miles (13 km) S of

Jerramungup-Ravensthorpe road, along No.2 Rabbit Fence,

toward Twertup Quarry, Nov 1968, Canning WA/68 7508

(CANB); 2 km S of Cockleshell Gully on Jurien Bay road,

Sep 1982, Corrick 8041 (MEL, PERTH); Jarrah Road, South

Perth, Sep 1980, Cranfield 2449 (PERTH); opposite Hale

road on sporting complex site, Forrestfield, Nov 1977,

Cranfield 222/77 (PERTH); Muchea, 6 km along road

opposite the Brand Highway turnoff, Oct 1981, Craven 6950

(CANB); Diamond of the Desert Plain, Aug 1948, Gardner

9099 (PERTH); Tuttanning Reserve, SE of Pingelly, Oct

1977, George 14973 (PERTH); 0.5 miles (c. 0.8 km) S of

56 mile peg, Albany Highway, Dec 1960, George 2295

(PERTH); Mt Desmond, Oct 1960, George 1646 (PERTH);

c. 5 km SE of Cockleshell Gully, on Cockleshell Gully road

c. 10 km from junction with Jurien road, Sep 1988,

Henderson H3139 (BRI); c. 5 km SE of Cockleshell Gully,

on Cockleshell Gully road c. 10 km from junction with Jurien

road, Sep 1988, Henderson H3138 (BRI); c. 12 km N of

Eneabba, Aug 1976, Hnatiuk 760205 (CANB, PERTH);

Brixton Road, Beckenham, 15 km E of Perth, Sep 1984,

Keighery 7099 (PERTH); Melville Park, Dec 1897,

Morrison (CANB, PERTH); 15 km WNW of Black Head,

Jul 1974, Newbey 4253 (PERTH); 10 miles (c. 16 km) SW

of Borden, Nov 1965, Newbey 1911 (PERTH); c. 1.4 km W

of Brand Highway along main road to Jurien, Sep 1983,

Purdie 5115 (CANB, MEL); Moore River National Park,

Oct 1971, Royce 9462 (PERTH).

Distribution and habitat : Monotaxis

grandiflora var. grandiflora occurs from the

Dongara - Three Springs area southeastward

to the Stirling Ranges and to Mt Desmond, near

Ravensthorpe in the east (Map 7). It is recorded

as growing in open heath, mallee shrubland

and Banksia woodland with heathy understorey

or rarely in open eucalypt forest communities,

on well drained sandy loam, clay loam, clay or

gravelly soils.

Phenology: Llowers have been collected from

August to January, fruits from August to

December and April.

7b. Monotaxis grandiflora var. obtusifolia

L.Muell. & Tate, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc.

South Australia 16: 341 (1896);

Monotaxis grandiflora var. minor Ewart,

Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 22(l)(new

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

289

series): 17 (1909), nom. illeg. Type:

Western Australia, near Gnarlbine, 12

Nov 1891, R. Helms (lecto, here chosen:

MEL [MEL2066098]; isolecto: K,

NSW).

Perennials to 20 cm high. Leaves with petiole

up to 0.4 mm long; laminae lorate to linear,

2-10 mm long, 0.6-0.8(-1.3) mm wide, the

apex obtuse or acute. Male flowers with calyx

lobes ovate, 0.7-1.2 mm long and acute, and

with petals ovate, 2.0-2.4 mm long. Female

flowers with calyx lobes ovate to broadly ovate

and 1.1-1.8 mm long with petals ovate or

elliptic, 2.2-2.8 mm long.

Selected specimens (from 35 examined): Western

Australia. 7 miles (c. 11 km) W of Kulja, 216 km NE of

Perth, Aug 1963, Aplin 2570 (PERTH); 11 km W of Kulja,

on road to Burakin, Aug 1963, Aplin 2570 (PERTH); 27

km N of Mt Ridley, Nov 1991, Archer 7119112 (MEL); 8

miles (c. 13 km) N of Wialki, Jul 1967, Beard 4723

(PERTH); 28 miles (c. 45 km) S of Coolgardie on Norseman

road, Sep 1965, Beauglehole ACB13293 (MEL, PERTH);

64 km E of Southern Cross, Oct 1931, Blackall 939

(PERTH); 20.2 miles (c. 32.5 km) from Coolgardie towards

Southern Cross, along Great Eastern Highway, Sep 1968,

Canning WA/68 2441 (CANB); Yellowdine, Sep 1978,

Cranfield 706 (PERTH); 15 km W of Mukinbudin on the

Koorda road, Oct 1990, Craven 8635 & Zich (CANB);

Burakin, Sep 1975, Demarz D5615 (PERTH); along State

Vermin Fence No. 7, between 45 km and 65 km S of Great

Western Highway, Nov 1985, Dodd 257 (PERTH); just SE

of Buntine, on road to Wubin, Sep 1988, Henderson H3153

(BRI); 6 m il es (c. 10 km) W of Cross Roads, Forrestania,

Dec 1964, Lullfitz 4031 (PERTH); 135 km W of Salmon

Gums and 25 km E of No. 1 Rabbit Proof Fence, on Kumarl-

Lake King road, Oct 1966, Muir 4420 (CANB, MEL); 5

km SSE of Walyahmonong Rock, c. 55 km NW of Bullfinch,

Sep 1982, Newbey 9545 (CANB, PERTH); 11 km NNW of

Southern Cross, Sep 1984 Newbey 10820 (PERTH); 21 km

SW of 90 Mile Tank, Frank Hann National Park, Norseman-

Lake King Road, Nov 1979, Newbey 6518 (PERTH); c. 34

km N of Widgiemooltha along Eyre Highway between

Coolgardie and Widgiemooltha, Sep 1968, Orchard 1253

(CANB, PERTH); Kokardine Siding, Aug 1983, Roberts 152

(PERTH); 5.4 miles (c. 8.7 km) Wof Belka, Sep 1987, Smith

934 (BRI, MEL).

Distribution and habitat: Monotaxis

grandiflora var. obtusifolia occurs in an area

approximately bounded by Wubin,

Widgiemooltha, Esperance and Narembeen

(Map 8). It is recorded as growing in

heathland, shrubland and open shrub mallee

communities, on well drained deep yellow

sandy or sandy loam soils on undulating plains,

rarely on gravelly soils.

Phenology: Flowers have been collected from

July to November, fruits from September to

December.

Notes: Monotaxis grandiflora var. obtusifolia

is distinguished from M. grandiflora var.

grandiflora by its generally shorter leaves

which lack a long apiculate point at the apex.

However, two specimens have been seen

which are typical of M. grandiflora var.

obtusifolia in aspect but they possess leaves

terminated by an apiculum. These are

Henderson H3153 (BRI) and Wittwer 1239

(PERTH).

8. Monotaxis paxii Griming in A. Engler,

Pflanzenr. H.58: 85/86 (1913). Type

citation: ‘Westaustralische Provinz:

Coolgardie, Menzies, am Saume lichter

Geholze, 375 m (Diels)’ (holo: B

(destroyed); lecto, here chosen: G.

Griming in A. Engler, Pflanzenr. H.58:

83, fig.l4B (1913)).

Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.

Burgman 2154), Paczkowska &

Chapman (2000).

Illustration: G. Griming (1913: 83, fig.14

B).

Glabrous, monoecious, diffuse herbaceous

perennials to 20 cm high, with few to many

stems arising from a rootstock. Stems sparingly

branched, decumbent to erect, up to 1 mm

across; young branchlets smooth or slightly

striate when dried, pale green. Leaves shortly

petiolate or sessile, alternate or subopposite or

subwhorled distally on branchlets; stipules

narrowly triangular, up to 0.5 mm long, with

margins entire, red-brown, erect; petiole up to

0.5 mm long, plano-convex in transverse

section; laminae lanceolate or narrowly elliptic,

3-15 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, with base

cuneate to obtuse and apex acute with a short

apiculum, flat or slightly concave, with margins

entire, foveate adaxially and abaxially,

concolorous, crustaceous and brown when

dried; midrib obscure adaxially, prominent

abaxially. Inflorescence sessile; bracts

numerous; outer bracts broadly ovate, c. 0.9

mm long, with margins toothed, reddish

290

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

brown. Male flowers 3-6 per cyme; pedicels

1.1-2.3 mm long; calyx lobes ovate, 0.9-1.1

mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm wide, with apex acute

and with margins erose, ± flat, yellow; petals

ovate, 1.7-2.2 mm long including claw, 1.0-

1.1 mm wide, with base shallowly cordate or

auriculate, apex acute to obtuse and margins

entire or erose, creamy white; glands c. 0.2 mm

long, with terminal hairs up to 0.2 mm long;

staminal filaments 1.1-1.2 mm long; anthers

0.1-0.2 mm long; connective tissue 0.3-0.4

mm long; rudimentary ovary present with 3

erect linear lobes c. 0.7 mm long. Female

flowers 1-4 per cyme, pedicellate; pedicels 0.4-

0.9 mm long; calyx lobes ovate, 1.1-1.5 mm

long, 0.7-0.8 mm wide, with apex acute to

shortly acuminate and margins erose, concavo-

convex, of unknown colour when fresh; petals

ovate, 2.4-2.5 mm long including claw, 1-1.2

mm wide, with base cuneate to truncate, apex

acute and margins erose, + flat, creamy-white

with a reddish blush towards the margins;

glands 5-10,0.2-0.4 mm long, glabrous; ovary

trigonal-globose, 1.4-1.5 mm across, 1.4-1.5

mm long; styles c. 1 mm long, 2-lobed; lobes

c. four-fifths the length of style. Capsule

globose, c. 3 mm long, 2.5-2.7 mm across, +

smooth. Seeds ellipsoid, slightly dorsi-

ventrally flattened, 1.5-2 mm long, 1.1-1.3

mm wide, 0.9-1 mm deep; testa smooth, brown

or reddish-brown; caruncle reniform in outline,

0.5-0.6 mm long, 0.9-1 mm across, ± white.

Selected specimens (from 23 examined): Western

Australia. 54 mi les (c. 87 km) E of Ravensthorpe, on road

to Esperance, Oct 1963, Aplin 2662 (PERTH); 35.5 km due

ENE of Muckinwobert Rock, 6.21 km NE of Melaleuca Road

on West Point Road, Sep 1984, Burgman 3922 (PERTH);

19.4 km due SSE of PeakEleanora, 12.76 km N of Rollands

Road on Fields Road, Sep 1984, Burgman 3717 (PERTH);

Thumb Peak Range, SW of Ravensthorpe, Oct 1965, George

7129 (PERTH); 23 km S of Cocklebiddy, Jul 1974, George

11865 (PERTH); 20 km NNE of Point Malcolm on

escarpment, Sep 1976, Hnatiuk 761152 (PERTH); c. 8 km

NW of Young River crossing on Ravensthorpe-Esperance

main road, Sep 1968, Jackson 1294 (CANB, PERTH); c.

500 m W of western shore of Lake King, W of Lake King

township, Oct 1995, Lepschi 2194 (BRI); 0.3 km ESE of

Corner Road on Mills Road, c. 31.5 km NNW of mouth of

Stokes Inlet, Oct 1997, Lepschi BJL3804 & Fuhrer (BRI);

Fr a nk Hann N ational Park, Oct 1978, Monk 400 (PERTH);

25 km W of Mt Maxwell, Sep 1974, Newbey 4345 (PERTH);

7 miles (c. 11 km) N of Scaddan, Oct 1974, Newbey 1400

(PERTH); Cape Le Grand National Park, E of Esperance,

Oct 1969, Royce 8683 (PERTH); 21 km from Ravensthorpe

towards Esperance, Sep 1983, Taylor & Ollerenshaw 2318

(CANB); S of Grasspatch (main road from Norseman to

Esperance), Sep 1947, Willis (MEL); Fitzgerald River

National Park, Oct 1970, Wilson 10171 (PERTH); Reserve

W of Young River on main Ravensthorpe - Esperance Road,

c. 80 km W of Esperance, Sep 1968, Wilson 7827 (PERTH);

Tributary of Young River, c. 22 km N of Shoal Cape and 80

km W of Esperance, Sep 1968, Wilson 7801 (PERTH); 8

km S of Mt Ragged on track to Israelite Bay, Oct 1970, Wilson

10088 (PERTH); 7 miles (c. 11 km) N of Scaddan, Oct 1974,

Wittwer W1400 (PERTH).

Distribution and habitat: Monotaxis paxii is

confined to the south-west of Western Australia

where it occurs from the Thumb Peak Range

and Lake King area eastwards to Cocklebiddy

(Map 9). It is recorded as growing in

heathland, shrubland and open shrub mallee

communities, on shallow to deep sandy soils

over limestone or clay.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits have been

collected from September and October, with

one record for July.

Typification: Griming (1913) cited a single

specimen ‘Westaustralische Provinz:

Coolgardie, Menzies, am Saume lichter

Geholze, 375 m (Diels)’ in the protologue of

Monotaxis paxii. He clearly stated that he

found this specimen in the Berlin Herbarium

amongst specimens of M. luteiflora. No type

material has been located at B but it is believed

to have been destroyed during the Second

World War. Searches for duplicates at other

herbaria where duplicates may exist according

to Stafleu and Cowan (1976), i.e. BM, MEL

and CANB, have been unsuccessful. Grlining’s

description and illustration are clearly

diagnostic and leave no doubt as to the

application of the name. As there appears to

be no extant holotype or isotype material

available, the illustration in the protologue is

here selected as lectotype, in accordance with

Article 9.10 of the International Code of

Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) (Greuter et al.

2000). For the above reasons, nomination of

an epitype is not considered necessary.

Notes: Monotaxis paxii differs from other

species of Monotaxis in having isolateral leaf

morphology with stomata sunken on both

surfaces.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Gordon Guymer for

making space and facilities available at BRI

for the first author, the directors and curators

Halford & Henderson, a revision of Monotaxis

291

of B, CANB, K, LD, MEL, NSW and PERTH

for loan of their holdings for study at BRI, Alex

Chapman and Bob Chinnock for searching for

type specimens on our behalf at E and BM

while acting as Australian Botanical Liaison

Officer at K, Gordon Guymer for

photographing relevant types at W, colleagues

at PERTH, especially Kevin Kenneally and

Bruce Maslin, who helped process the second

author’s Western Australian collections and

forwarded them to BRI when processing was

complete, Will Smith (BRI) for the illustrations

and Peter Bostock (BRI) for preparing the

maps. Associated fieldwork from 1988 to 1992

by the second author and salary support for

the first author for 1999 and 2000 was funded

by grants from the Australian Biological

Resources Study (ABRS), which are gratefully

acknowledged.

References

Airy Shaw, H.K. (1980). New or noteworthy Australian

Euphorbiaceae II. Muelleria 4: 239-234.

Baillon, H.E. (1866). Species Euphorbiacearum

Euphorbiacees Australiennes. Adansonia 6: 283-

345.

Bentham, G. (1873). Euphorbiaceae. Flora Australiensis

6:41-153. London: L. Reeve.

Brongniart, A. (1833). Note sur quelques Euphorbiacees

de la Nouvelle-Hollande. Annales de sciences

naturelles (Paris) 29: 382-387.

Brummttt, R.K. and Powell, C.E. (1992). Authors of Plant

Names. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.

Cunningham, GM., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. and Leigh,

J.H. (1982). Plants of Western New South Wales.

Sydney: New South Wales Government Printing

Office.

Dallwitz, M.J., Paine, T.A. andZurcher, E.J. (1993). DELTA

user’s guide, a general system for processing

taxonomic descriptions, 4 th ed. East Melbourne:

CSIRO.

Endlicher, S. (1834) (‘1833’). Nova genera et species

plantarum. Atakta botanika. Wien: Frieddrick

Beck.

-, (1837). Monotaxis grandiflora and Monotaxis

occidentalis. In Endlicher, S., Fenzl, E., Bentham,

G. and Schott, H.W. Enumeratio plantarum quas

in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad

fluvium Cygnorum et in sinu Regis Georgii collegit

Carous Liber Barn de Hiigel. Wien: Frieddrick

Beck.

Greuter, W., McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Burdet, H.M.,

Demoulin, V., Filgueiras, T.S., Nicolson, D.H.,

Silva, PC., Skog, J.E., Trehane, P, Turland, N.J.

and Hawks worth, D.L. (2000). International Code

of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code).

Regnum Vegetabile 138. Konigstein, Germany:

Koeltz Scientific Books.

Gruning, G. (1913). Monotaxis. IV. 147 Euphorbiaceae -

Porantheroideae et Ricinocarpoideae. In A. Engler

(ed.), Das Pflanzenreich, Regni vegetabilis

conspectus H.58: 75-86; 1968 facsimile-

Weinheim/Bergstrasse: H.R. Engelmann (J.

Cramer).

Homlgren, P.K., Holmgren, N.H. and Barnett, L.C. (1990).

Index Herbariorum. Parti. The Herbaria of the

World. Ed. 8. New York: New York Botanic

Gardens.

James, J.A. and Harden, GJ. (1990). Monotaxis. In Harden,

GJ. (ed.), Flora of New South Wales 1: 404-405.

Kensington: New South Wales University Press.

Kalotas, A. (1981). Monotaxis. In Jessop, J.P. (ed.). Flora

of Central Australia 190-191. Sydney: A.H. &

A.W. Reed Pty Ltd.

Moore, S. (1920). A contribution to the flora of Australia.

Journal of the Linnean Society, London 45: 159—

220 .

Mueller, F. (1864). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae

4: 143. Melbourne: Victorian Government.

-, (1876). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae

10:51/52. Melbourne: Victorian Government.

Muller, J. (1865). Euphorbiaceae. Vorlaufige Mittleilungen

aus dem fur De Candolle’s Prodromus bestimmten

manuscript liber diese Familie. Linnaea 34:1-224.

Paczkowska, G. and Chapman, A.R. (2000). The Western

Australia flora: a descriptive catalogue. Perth:

Wildflower Society of Western Australia (Inc.), the

Western Australia Herbarium, CALM and the

Botanic Garden and Parks Authority.

Stafleu, F.A. and Cowan, R.S. (1976). Taxonomic

Literature. (2nd ed.) Vol. 1. Utrecht, Bohn:

Schetema & Bolkema.

Weber, J.Z. (1986). Monotaxis. In J.P. Jessop and H.R.

Toelken (eds), Flora of South Australia. Part 2

Leguminosae - Rubiaceae 757-758. Adelaide:

South Australian Government Printing Division.

Webster, G.L. (1994). Synopsis of the genera and

suprageneric taxa of Euphorbiaceae. Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden 81: 33-144.

Wheeler, L.E. (1975). Euphorbiaceous genera lectotypified.

Taxon 24: 534-538.

292

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 273-292 (2002)

Maps 1-9, Distribution of Monotaxis taxa. 1. Monotaxis linifolia 2. Monotaxis occidentals 3. Monotaxis macrophylla

4. Monotaxis luteiflora 5. Monotaxis tenuis 6. Monotaxis bracteata 7. Monotaxis grandiflora var. grandiflora 8.

Monotaxis grandiflora var. obtusifolia 9. Monotaxis paxii

Index to Scientific Names

Names in bold type are accepted names and those in

light are synonyms, etc. The numbers refer to the

number of the species accepted in the above taxonomic

treatment.

Hippocrepandra ericoides (Klotszch) Mull.Arg.7 a

Hippocrepandra gracilis Mull.Arg.6

Hippocrepandra lurida Mull.Arg.6

Hippocrepandra neesiana Mull.Arg.6

Monotaxis bracteata Nees. 6

Monotaxis cuneifolia Klotzsch .2

Monotaxis ericoides Klotzsch.7 a

Monotaxis gracilis (Mull.Arg.) Baill.6

Monotaxis gracilis (Mull.Arg.) Baill. var. gracilis . 6

Monotaxis gracilis var. genuina Griming.6

Monotaxis gracilis var. virgata Griming.6

Monotaxis grandiflora Endl.7

Monotaxis grandiflora Endl. var. grandiflora . 7a

Monotaxis grandiflora var. minor Ewart.7b

Monotaxis grandiflora var. obtusifolia F.Muell. & Tate7b

Monotaxis grandiflora var. typica Griming. 7a

Monotaxis linifolia Brongn.1

Monotaxis linifolia Brongn. var. linifolia .1

Monotaxis linifolia var. cuneata Griming.1

Monotaxis linifolia var. genuina Griming. 1

Monotaxis linifolia var. genuina Mull.Arg.1

Monotaxis linifolia var. occidentalis (Endl.) Mull.Arg. . 2

Monotaxis linifolia var. tridentata (Endl.) Mull.Arg.1

Monotaxis lurida (Mull.Arg.) Benth.6

Monotaxis luteiflora F.Muell. 4

Monotaxis macrophylla Benth.3

Monotaxis megacarpa F.Muell.6

Monotaxis neesiana Baill. 6

Monotaxis occidentalis Endl.2

Monotaxis oldfieldii Baill.6

Monotaxis paxii Griming.8

Monotaxis sp. Ravensthorpe (M.A.Burgman 2154).8

Monotaxis stowardii S.Moore. 6

Monotaxis tenuis Airy Shaw.5

Monotaxis tridentata Endl.1

A review of Crotalaria L. (Fabaceae: Crotalarieae) in Australia

A.E.Holland

Summary

Holland, A.E. (2001), A review of Crotalaria L. (Fabaceae: Crotalarieae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 6 (2):

293-324. The genus Crotalaria L. in Australia is examined, and a new record noted: Crotalaria prostrata

Rottl., new combinations are made: Crotalaria cunninghamii subsp. sturtii (C. sturtii R.Br.), Crotalaria

dissitiflora subsp. benthamiana (C. benthamiana Pritzel), Crotalaria novae-hollandiae subsp. crassipes

(C. crassipes Hook.) and Crotalaria montana var. exserta (C. exserta Domin). New varieties and subspecies

are described: Crotalaria medicaginea var. linearis, Crotalaria aridicola subsp. glabrata and C. aridicola

subsp. densifolia. Lectotypes are chosen for Crotalaria cunninghamii R.Br., Crotalaria crispata Benth.,

Crotalaria brevis Domin and Crotalaria aridicola Domin. A neotype is chosen for C. benthamiana Pritzel.

A key to the species occurring in Australia is provided.

Keywords: Crotalaria, Crotalaria prostrata, Crotalaria humifusa, Crotalaria mysorensis, Crotalaria

membranacea, Crotalaria crispata, Crotalaria ramosissima, Crotalaria brevis, Crotalaria cunninghamii,

Crotalaria sturtii, Crotalaria dissitiflora, Crotalaria benthamiana, Crotalaria novae-hollandiae,

Crotalaria crassipes, Crotalaria montana, Crotalaria linifolia, Crotalaria exserta, Crotalaria

medicaginea, Crotalaria trifoliastrum, Crotalaria aridicola, Australia.

A.E. Holland, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens

Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland, 4066, Australia.

Introduction

Crotalaria L. is a genus of c. 600 tropical and

subtropical species most of which occur in

tropical Africa (Polhill 1982). Crotalaria

species, often called rattlepods, are herbs or

shrubs with leaves simple, unifoliolate or

digitately 3-7-foliolate. Flowers are in

terminal, leaf-opposed or axillary racemes with

bracts and bracteoles usually present. Flowers

are usually yellow and red or brown veined,

rarely mauve. The keel petal is prominently

angled distally upwards. Stamen filaments are

connate proximally into a tube open on the

upper side, with long and short anthers

alternating. Fruits are inflated and dehiscent

and not septate, the seeds loose and “rattling”

in the dry pod. Many species are known to be

toxic, and some are used for fibre and green

manure (Polhill 1982; Rudd 1991; Everist

1974).

In Australia, there are 36 species

including 23 subspecies and varieties. Sixteen

species of these are naturalised. Twenty species

are considered to be native (or of pre-European

introduction), 9 of which are endemic and 11

are widespread through SE Asia and India as

Accepted for publication 6 August 2002

well as northern Australia, New Guinea and

Indonesia. Of the endemic species, 4 belong to

C. sect. Hedriocarpae Wight & Arn, 2 to C.

sect. Calycinae Wight & Arn., 2 to C. sect.

Crotalaria and 1 to C. sect. Dispermae Wight

& Arn. (Polhill 1982 - see key to Sections

below).

Lee (1979) revised some of the complex

endemic Australian species groups:

C. eremaea, C. dissitiflora and C. novae-

hollandiae. This work is taken a step further

here, partly as a consequence of new material

becoming available since Lee’s work. Also,

results of studies on some of the widespread

Asian/Australian species complexes, i.e. the

groups C. medicaginea/C. trifoliastrum, and

C. montana/C. nana/C. melanocarpa, are here

reported in relation to the Australian material.

In order to account for the variation occurring

in the Australian material in these two groups,

new infraspecific taxa are described, and C.

aridicola Domin and C. brevis Domin are

circumscribed.

Materials and Methods

Herbarium specimens from AD, BM, BRI,

CANB, DNA, K, MEL, NSW, P and PERTH

294

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

were examined. These examinations were

augmented with field observations where

possible. The shape, size and colour variation

of petals are best observed in fresh material.

Polhill (1982) used receptacle, calyx, standard,

keel and style characters to distinguish the

sections of the genus. Lee (1978) mainly used

flower size and shape, leaf shape and hair

characters to separate species and subspecies.

Unifoliolate species usually have longer

petioles than those with simple leaves, and have

a distinct articulation near the petiole apex

(also see discussion under C. cunninghamii

below). Stipules, if present, vary enormously

in shape and size. Some species have caducous

stipules, so that the immature shoots need to

be examined. Bracts, found at the base of the

pedicels, are often similar in appearance to the

stipules, and may also be caducous. Bracteoles

can occur on the calyx or variously positioned

on the pedicel. The calyx lobe length, in

relation to the calyx tube, is measured on the

upper lobes except as otherwise stated. The

calyx is often persistent in fruit. Petal

measurements follow Lee (1978, 328),

although only length and width are recorded

here. Polhill (1982) and Niyomdham (1978)

give more detailed information on characters

and character states in Crotalaria. The

concepts of subspecies and varieties used here

are those of Davis & Heywood (1963).

Key to the Sections of Crotalaria in Australia

(adapted from Polhill, 1982: * indicates a naturalised taxon)

1. Beak of the keel petal not or slightly spirally twisted (up to 90°).2

Beak of the keel petal spirally twisted through more than 120°.4

2. Receptacle (hypanthium) prominent, 3-9 mm long; keel 1.6-5.5 mm long;

calyx tips joined in bud; pod long stipitate.

.C. sect. Grandiflorae (Bak.f.) Polhill (*C. agatiflora, *C. laburnifolia ).

Receptacle up to 2 mm long, keel, calyx and legume not as above.3

3. Calyx 0.7-1.3 times as long as the keel, stipules often foliaceous

.C. sect. Chrysocalycinae (Benth.) Bak.f. (*C. incana, *C. goreensis )

Calyx up to half as long as the keel petal; stipules not foliaceous

.C. sect. Hedriocarpae Wight & Am. (C. dissitiflora, C. eremaea, C. smithiana,

C. mitchellii, *C. pallida, *C. ochroleuca, *C. zanzibarica, *C. lanceolata, *C. micans )

4. Calyx 2-lipped with a short upper lip, subequal to the corolla

.C. sect. Calycinae Wight & Am (C. alata, C. calycina, C. sessiliflora,

C. humifusa, *C. prostrata, C. montana, C. brevis, C. ramosissima, C. crispata, *C. juncea,

C. mysorensis )

Calyx not 2-lipped or with a slight lower lip, much shorter than the corolla.5

5. Seeds more than 2 per pod, exarillate; small anthers glabrous

. C. sect. Crotalaria (C. cunninghamii, C. novae-hollandiae, C. verrucosa,

C. retusa, C. quinquefolia, *C. spectabilis, *C. lunata, *C. grahamiana, *C. distans,

*C. virgulata)

Seeds 2 per pod, often arillate; small anthers often spinulose

. C. sect. Dispermae Wight & Arn. (C. medicaginea, C. aridicola )

Key to Species of Crotalaria in Australia

1. Leaves with 3-7 leaflets.2

Leaves simple or unifoliolate.19

2. Leaves with 5-7 leaflets.3

Leaves with 3 leaflets.4

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

295

3. Leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, with L:W ratio 2-4:1.*C. grahamiana Wight & Arn.

Leaflets elliptic to linear, with L:W ratio 6-16:1.C. quinquefolia L.

4. Corolla 1.7-5.5 cm long; hypanthium prominent, ridged; calyx lobes joined

at the tips in bud.5

Corolla 0.5-1.5 cm long; hypanthium not prominent; calyx lobes always free.6

5. Calyx 1.8-3 cm long; pod 7-10 cm long.*C. agatiflora Schweinf.

Calyx 0.9-1.7 cm long; pod 2.5-4.5 cm long.*C. laburnifolia L.

6. Lateral leaflets less than Vi the length of the terminal leaflet.C. eremaea F.Muell.

Lateral leaflets more than Vi the length of the terminal leaflet.7

7. Pod 3-7 mm long, seeds 1 or 2; keel beak twisted.8

Pod more than 7 mm long, seeds more than 2; keel beak straight or twisted.9

8. Corolla 3-8 mm long; pod 3-5.5 mm long, beak 1 mm long.C. medicaginea Lam.

Corolla 8-14 mm long; pod 5-7 mm long, beak 1-2 mm long.C. aridicola Domin

9. Stipules foliaceous, falcate, 5-25 mm long; pod held erect.*C. goreensis Guill. & Perr.

Stipules, if present, not foliaceous, linear, subulate or filiform,

1-12 mm long; pod spreading or deflexed.10

10. Calyx lobes more than twice the length of the tube; corolla scarcely

exceeding the calyx.*C. incana L.

Calyx lobes shorter or slightly longer than the tube; corolla much longer

than the calyx. 11

11. Calyx lobes equal to or longer than the tube.12

Calyx lobes shorter than the tube.16

12. Calyx 7-13 mm long, wing petals longer than keel;

bracts 7-13 mm long.*C. micans Link

Calyx 2.5-8 mm long, wing petals shorter than or equalling keel;

bracts 0.7-5 mm long.13

13. Keel beak twisted.14

Keel beak straight, not twisted.15

14. Corolla 10-15 mm long; pod 1.5-1.9 mm long.*C. distans Benth.

Corolla 5-8 mm long; pod 1-1.3 mm long.*C. virgulata Klotzsh

15. Pod 3-5 cm long; pedicel 3-7 mm long.*C. pallida Aiton

Pod 1.1-2.2 cm long; pedicel 1-4 mm long.C. dissitiflora Benth.

16. Pod 5-7 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide.*C. ochroleuca G.Don

Pod 1-4 cm long, 0.3-0.8 cm wide.17

17. Wing petals longer than the keel; calyx 2-4 mm long.*C. lanceolata E.Mey.

Wing petals equal to or shorter than the keel; calyx 3-7 mm long.18

18. Corolla yellow with no other colorations; pod 1.1-2.2 mm long.C. dissitiflora Benth.

Corolla veined red-brown, wings with a large purple spot at base;

pod 2.7-4.5 mm long.*C. zanzibarica Benth.

296

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

19.Stipules decurrent, forming wings on the stem, 3-5 mm wide

.C. alata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don

Stipules not decurrent, stem not winged.20

20.Stipules foliaceous, semi-lunate or falcate, 5-35 mm long.21

Stipules, if present, not foliaceous, ovate, lanceolate, linear or subulate,

0.5-18 mm long.22

21.Leaf margins undulate; corolla mauve to blue.C. verrucosa L.

Leaf margins flat; corolla yellow.*C. lunata Bedd. ex Polhill

22.Ovary hairy; pod pubescent or glabrescent.23

Ovary and pod glabrous.28

23. Corolla 24-43 mm long, greenish-yellow.C. cunninghamii R.Br.

Corolla less than 20 mm long, yellow, yellow-brown, mauve or blue.24

24. Pod 6-9 mm long, equalling the calyx; plants often viscid; calyx lobe

margins usually reflexed.25

Pod 10-40 mm long, much longer than the calyx; plants never viscid;

calyx lobe margins not reflexed.26

25.Calyx lobes oblong, 1-3.5 mm wide, the margins flat

or narrowly reflexed, often black.C. ramosissima Roxb.

Calyx lobes ovate to orbicular, 3-7.5 mm wide,

the margins broadly reflexed.C. crispata F.Muell. ex Benth.

26.Calyx lobes longer than tube; pod velvety hairy.*C. juncea L.

Calyx lobes equal to or shorter than tube; pod pubescent or glabrescent.27

27.Keel beak straight or nearly so; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx .... C. eremaea F.Muell.

Keel beak twisted; bracteoles inserted on the pedicel.C. novae-hollandiae DC.

28.Leaves unifoliolate (the petiole with a distinct articulation).29

Leaves simple (the petiole without an articulation).30

29.Corolla 5-8 mm long; leaf lamina obovate to broadly elliptic,

L:W ratio 1-2:1; both surfaces densely hairy.C. smithiana A.T.Lee

Corolla 7-18 mm long; leaf lamina variable in shape, L:W ratio

more than 1.5:1; upper surface either glabrous or pubescent.C. novae-hollandiae DC.

30.Corolla much longer than the calyx.31

Corolla equalling the calyx, or slightly longer.33

31.Calyx 4-6 mm long; wing petals equal to or shorter than keel.C. mitchellii Benth.

Calyx 8-20 mm long; wing petals longer than keel.32

32.Stipules ovate, 2.5-10 mm long.*C. spectabilis Roth

Stipules linear to subulate, 1-2 mm long.*C. retusa L.

33.Calyx 8-35 mm long, the lobes more than twice the length of the tube.34

Calyx 4-7 mm long, the lobes slightly longer or shorter than the tube.36

34.Stipules linear-lanceolate, 6-15 mm long. C. mysorensis Roth

Stipules minute or absent.35

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

297

35.Corolla yellow, 12-18 mm long; calyx 18-35 mm long. C. calycina Schrank

Corolla blue, 8-10 mm long; calyx 8-17 mm long. C. sessiliflora L.

36.Stem prostrate, pilose; leaves ovate, obovate, broad-elliptic or orbicular, L:W ratio 1-2:1.37

Stem ascending or erect, pubescent; leaves narrowly oblong, narrowly

elliptic or linear, L:W ratio 2-24:1.38

37.Stipules persistent, 1.5-3.5 mm long; pod 5-9 mm long ... C. humifusa Graham ex Benth.

Stipules minute or absent; pod 9-16 mm long. *C. prostrata Rottl.

38.Leaves 2-8 cm long, L:W ratio 5-20:1; racemes 10-60 cm long;

standard 4-7 mm long, emarginate at apex. C. montana Heyne ex Roth

Leaves 0.5-3.5 cm long; L:W ratio 2-8:1; racemes 5-13 cm long;

standard 6-9 mm long, acute or obtuse at apex. C. brevis Domin

Section A. New records

1. ^Crotalaria prostrata Rottl. in Willd.,

Enum. Hort. Berol. 744 (1809). Type:

India, Rottler (holo: K, n.v.; photo: BRI).

Prostrate or ascending slender annuals. Stem

pilose, hairs to 1.5 mm long. Leaves simple,

broadly elliptic, ovate or lanceolate, 5-40 mm

long, 3-20 mm wide, L:W ratio 1.5-2:1, apex

acute or obtuse, base oblique to subcordate; both

surfaces pilose; petiole to 1 mm long; stipules

minute or absent. Racemes terminal or leaf-

opposed, to 5 cm long; flowers 1-5; bract and

bracteoles lanceolate, subulate, 1-2 mm long;

bracteoles inserted just below calyx; pedicel

1.5-3.5 mm long. Calyx 4-6.5 mm long, 2-

lipped, pilose; lobes longer than tube. Corolla

slightly longer than calyx; standard obovate,

emarginate, 4-7 mm long, glabrous, yellow;

wings oblong, shorter than keel; keel 5-7 mm

long, beak slightly twisted. Pod subsessile,

oblong-ellipsoid, 9-16 mm long, 4-6 mm wide,

glabrous; seeds 12-20. Seed 1.6-2.2 mm long,

brown. Fig. 1A-E.

Specimens examined : Western Australia. Old Presbyterian

mission of old Kunmunya, Apr 1992, Mitchell 2347 &

Willing (PERTH). Northern Territory. Tin Camp Creek,

c. 2 km SW Myra Falls, Apr 1993, Brennan 9656 (DNA);

Gove, mine area, Jul 1971, Byrnes 2349 (CANB, DNA).

Distribution : Recorded in only a few places at

Gove and Tim Camp Creek in the N.T., and at

Kunmunya in W.A. Native of India and S.E.

Asia.

Phenology : Flowers April to November,

possibly at other times.

Discussion: This species is most closely related

to C. humifusa and C. acicularis, but differs

from those species in the much longer pod and

minute or absent stipules.

Section B. Clarificaton of names

2. Crotalaria humifusa Graham ex Benth.,

Lond. J. Bot. 2: 476 (1843). Type:

Himalaya, Nepal; Wallich 5421 (syn: K,

n.v.; photos: BRI).

C. acicularis auct. non Buch.-Ham. ex

Benth.: Stanley & Ross (1883, 1: 274):

Hacker (1990: 110).

Illustration : Wheeler et al. (eds) (1992:

383, fig. 1131).

Prostrate annuals. Stem pilose, hairs 1-5 mm

long. Leaves simple, suborbicular, broad-

elliptic or broad-obovate, 6-25 mm long, 5-

20 mm wide, apex rounded; both surfaces

moderately pilose; petiole 1-2 mm long;

stipules linear-lanceolate, 1-3.5 mm long.

Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, to 7 cm

long; flowers 1-5; bract and bracteoles

lanceolate, 1-3.5 mm long, inserted just below

calyx; pedicel 2-3.5 mm long. Calyx 4-6 mm

long, 2-lipped, villous; lobes longer than tube,

upper 2 joined higher than lower 3. Corolla ±

equalling the calyx; standard obovate to

suborbicular, apex rounded or emarginate, 4-

5 mm long, yellow, glabrous; wings c. 3 mm

long, shorter than keel; keel 3.5-4.5 mm long,

beak twisted. Pod sessile, oblong-ellipsoid, 5-

9 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, glabrous; seeds 6-

8. Seed 1-1.2 mm long, brown or green.

298

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

Fig. 1. A-E: Crotalaria prostrata. A. leaf x 2. B. standard petal x 8. C. keel petal x 8. wing petal x 8. E. pod x 4. F.

Crotalaria crispata, pod x 4. G. Crotalaria ramosissima, pod x 4. A-E: Byrnes 2349 (DNA). F: Leach 4484 (BRI). G:

Cumming 17619 (BRI).

Specimens examined: Western Australia. Northern end

of Airfield Swamp, Mitchell Plateau, Jun 1976, Kenneally

4862 (PERTH); 7 km NE of Beverley Springs Homestead,

May 1979, Muir 644 (PERTH); Mertens Creek Falls tourist

campsite, c. 15 kmW ofMitchell Plateau, May 1988, Pullen

11.217 (CANB, PERTH); Koongarra, May 1981, Rice 4009

(CANB); Upper Camp Creek, E ofMitchell Plateau Airstrip,

May 1991, Willing 433 (PERTH). Northern Territory.

Canburra Creek, Elcho Island, Jul 1975, Latz 6256 (AD,

BRI, CANB, DNA, PERTH). Queensland. Cook District:

Thursday Island, 1885 , Bauerlen s.n. (BRI); Atherton, Aug

1901, Betche s.n. (NSW); Chester River, Mcllwraith Ra.,

Jul 1978, Clarkson 2400 (BRI); Kilber Paddock, 5 km E of

Gulf of Carpentaria, Edward R., Apr 1980, Garnett Y5

(BRI). North Kennedy District: Near Porters Creek, 27 km

N of Ingham, Jun 1991, Bean 3261 (BRI, MEL); Mount

Fox, Sep 1949, Clemens s.n. (BRI). South Kennedy:

Dalrymple Heights and vicinity, Jul 1947, Clemens s.n.

(BRI). Moreton district: Logan River, undated, Scortechini

s.n. (BRI, MEL); Enoggera, undated, Bailey s.n. (NSW);

D’Aguilar, Mar 1934, Newman s.n. (BRI).

Distribution and Habitat : Scattered in coastal

areas across northern Australia, from the

Kimberley region in W.A., through the

northern part of the N.T. and along the entire

east coast of Qld. Also in Asia. It occurs in

Eucalyptus woodland, on creek beds and

alluvial flats, in sandy, seasonally damp soil.

Phenology: Flowers March to October.

Discussion: Crotalaria humifusa and

Crotalaria acicularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.

are very similar and the names have been

variously applied in the Australian literature.

Descriptions and differences are given by de

Munk (1962), Niyomdham (1978) and

Verdcourt (1979). In summary, Crotalaria

humifusa has filiform to lanceolate bracts, 1-

3.5 mm long, not cordate at the base,

Crotalaria acicularis has ovate bracts, 3-6 mm

long, cordate at the base.

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

299

I have identified all of the Australian

material as C. humifusa. C. acicularis is

occasionally cultivated but not known to be

naturalised.

3. Crotalaria mysorensis Roth, Nov. PL Sp.

338 (1821). Type: East India, Mysore,

Heyne (syn: K n.v. [photos at BRI]).

Crotalaria membranacea W.Fitzg., J. Proc.

Roy. Soc. Western Australia. Type:

Western Australia. Base of highs’ Gap,

King Leopold Range, May 1905,

Fitzgerald 781 (holo: PERTH; iso:

NSW; photos: BRI).

Illustrations : Wheeler et al. (eds) (1992:

384, fig. 114d.) as C. membranacea.

Perennial herbs or subshrubs to 1.5 m high.

Stem pilose, hairs 4-5 mm long, brown. Leaves

simple, narrowly elliptic, oblong or obovate,

1-8 cm long, 2-17 mm wide, apex acute or

rounded; both surfaces pilose; petiole to 3 mm

long; stipules lanceolate, 6-15 mm long,

sometimes caducous. Racemes terminal or

axillary, to 24 cm long; flowers 1-7; bract

linear-lanceolate, shortly stipitate, 12-23 mm

long; bracteoles 6-14 mm long, inserted at base

of calyx; pedicel 2-10 mm long. Calyx 13-17

mm long, 2-lipped, densely pilose; lobes much

longer than tube. Corolla scarcely exceeding

calyx; standard oblong, ovate or elliptic, acute

or obtuse, 13-18 mm long, pale yellow; outer

surface pubescent; wings 8-10 mm long,

shorter than or equalling keel; keel 10-14 mm

long, beak slightly twisted. Pod subsessile,

obovoid, 18-35 mm long, 11-18 mm wide,

glabrous; seeds 15-60. Seed 2.8-3.3 mm long,

brown.

Selected specimens: Western Australia. Kalumburu road,

227.8 km by road N of Junction with Gibb River and

Ellenbrae road, Apr 1988, Aplin 839 (CANB, PERTH);

Mining Plant area, Mitchell Plateau, Aug 1978, Beauglehole

58970 (PERTH); Mount House, Apr 1960, Blythe s.n.

(PERTH); 72 km S of Kalumburu, May 1971, Byrnes 2293

(DNA, PERTH); 40 km S of Kalumburu, May 1993, Cowie

4289 (PERTH); Barker River just N of Mount Hart

Homestead, King Leopold Ranges, Jun 1988, Edinger 615

(PERTH); Gandjal Creek, Prince Regent River, Aug 1974,

George 12371 (PERTH); Walsh Point, Warrender, Apr 1982,

Keighery 4736 (PERTH); Camp Creek South, Mitchell

Plateau, Jun 1976, Kenneally 5163 (PERTH); Crusher Vine

Thicket, Mitchell Plateau, Jun 1976, Kenneally 5334

(PERTH); Kimbolton Station, May 1993, Mitchell 3095

(PERTH); Derby, Aug. 1970, Payne s.n. (PERTH); King

Leopold Ranges; upper March Fly Glenn, c. 1.5 km S of Gibb

River road, Jun 1988, Sands 4912 (PERTH); Stewart River

12 km N of Kimbolton Homestead, Jul 1977, Telford 6336

(PERTH).

Distribution and Habitat : Occurs in the

Kimberley region of W.A., from Kalumburu

to Derby, in open Eucalyptus woodland and

grassland, often on creek banks, mostly in clay

soils. Also in India.

Phenology : Flowers February to June.

Discussion: Syntypes of Crotalaria mysorensis

from India (Heyne), were examined and

compared with the type material of

C. membranacea from W.A. The material is

similar except that the type material of

C. mysorensis has 4-6 flowered racemes,

whereas the type material of C. membranacea

has 2-4 flowered racemes. However, the

remaining Australian material has racemes

varying from 2 to 7 flowers and is otherwise

indistinguishable from the type material of

C. mysorensis. Crotalaria membranacea is

therefore here considered to be a synonym of

C. mysorensis.

Roth (1821) describes 2 varieties of

C. mysorensis : a. var. pauciflora, which has

thin stem and leaves rarely covered with hairs,

and short few-flowered racemes; b. var.

angustifolia, which has narrow leaves totally

covered with hairs. Australian material exhibits

a continuum of variation in leaf size, shape

and hairiness, the lower leaves elliptic to

oblong and the upper leaves smaller, narrower

and more densely hairy. Therefore no varieties

are recognised here.

4. Crotalaria crispata F.Muell. ex Benth., FI.

Austral. 2: 179 (1864). Type: Northern

Territory. Gravelly river bank, and plains

and stony ridges on the Victoria River

and its lower tributaries, Oct 1855-May

1856, Mueller s.n. (lecto, here

designated: MEL [MEL 47637] upper

right hand specimen [photo at BRI]).

Crotalaria sp. A. in Wheeler et. al. (eds)

(1992)

Illustrations : Wheeler et al. (1992: 389,

fig. 116e ) as Crotalaria sp. “A”.

300

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

Annual or perennial herbs to 50 cm tall. Stem,

villous or sericeous, rarely subglabrous, hairs

c. 1 mm long. Leaves simple, obovate or

oblong, 7-40 mm long, 4-11 mm wide, apex

rounded or emarginate, both surfaces hairy;

petiole to 2 mm long; stipules linear, to 2 mm

long, or absent. Racemes terminal, to 8 cm

long; flowers 2-7; bract and bracteoles ovate,

2-4 mm long; bracteoles inserted just below

calyx; pedicel 1.5-3 mm long. Calyx 6-11 mm

long, 2-lipped; lobes ovate to suborbicular,

acute or rounded, more than twice the length

of the tube, 3-7.5 mm wide (including reflexed

portion), the margins broadly reflexed, reflexed

portion 1-2.5 mm wide; inner surface glabrous

or slightly hairy, viscid. Corolla equal to or

shorter than calyx; standard ovate, obovate, or

elliptic, apex acute, 6-9 mm long, yellow, veins

reddish-brown; wings oblong, 5-7 mm long,

shorter than keel; keel 6-8 mm long, beak

slightly twisted. Pod sessile, oblong-ellipsoid,

6-9 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, densely villous;

seed 1. Seed 3.5-5 mm long, black or brown.

Fig. IF.

Selected specimens : Western Australia, c. 200 km N of

Halls Creek on road to Kununurra, Apr 1985, Aplin 1364,

Cranfield & Wheeler (CANB, PERTH); Martins Gap, E of

Ord River, Kimberley, Apr 1956, Burbidge 5158 (CANB,

PERTH); NW of Deception Range, Mar 1978, Hartley

14783 (CANB, PERTH); 5 km SSE of Kununurra, Mar

1978, Paijmans 2323 (CANB, DNA, PERTH); 27 miles [43

km] NNE of Denham River Station, Jul 1949, Perry 2538

(BRI, CANB); 5 miles [8 km] E of Kimberley Research

Station, Jul 1949, Perry 2564 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL);

Smoke Creek, SW of Lake Argyle, Apr 1980, Weston 12084

(CANB, PERTH). Northern Territory. Katherine, Apr

1947, Blake 17410 (BRI, CANB, MEL); 12 miles [19 km]

E of Old Crossing, Victoria River, May 1968, Byrnes NB726

(AD, BRI, DNA, PERTH); Edith River, Mar 1961,

Chippendale NT7543 (DNA, CANB); 26.2 miles [41.9 km]

SW of Willeroo Homestead, May 1960, Chippendale

NT6848 (BRI, CANB, DNA, PERTH); Katherine Gorge

N.P., Apr 1981, Craven 14205 (BRI, DNA, CANB, MEL);

Keep River N.P., Apr 1990, Evans 3162 (CANB, DNA); 60

km NE of Maraboy Police Station, Mar 1965, Lazarides 54

& Adams (CANB, DNA); Yambarran Range, 19 km NE of

Mount Millikmonmir, May 1994, Leach 4484 & Walsh (BRI,

MEL); Flying Fox Creek between Beswick and Mainoru

Stations, May 1974, Pullen 9350 (DNA, CANB, NSW).

Queensland. Burke District: Between Gilbert Telegraph

Station & crossing of Gibert River Lagoons, Armit 598

(MEL); Near Saxby River, 1883, Palmer s.n. (MEL); On

track c. 1.5 km N of Carron River, c. 41 km NE Croydon

(site 14), May 2001, Turpin GPT57 & Thompson (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Northern Australia

from the King Leopold Range in north-western

W.A., across the N.T., and as far east as

Croydon in northern Qld. Occurs in open

woodland and grassland, often near rivers or

swamps, in loamy or sandy soil. Map 1.

Phenology : Flowers February to October.

Discussion: Crotalaria crispata and

Crotalaria ramosissima Roxb. (see below) have

been confused in the Australian literature and

the circumscription and lectotypification of

C. crispata is therefore necessary. Crotalaria

crispata is most easily distinguished from the

widespread C. ramossisima by the width of the

calyx lobes (including reflexed portion):

C. crispata has calyx lobes 3-7.5 mm wide and

C. ramosissima has calyx lobes 1-3.5 mm

wide. These two species are very closely related

but there are no intermediate forms in the

Australian material. C. crispata appears to be

endemic.

Lectotypification: The collections cited by

Bentham are: a. Islands of the Gulf of

Carpentaria, R.Brown s.n. (BM); b. Victoria,

Fitzmaurice and Baines Rivers, Oct 1855-May

1856, F.Muell. (MEL[MEL 47637]). The label

on the MEL sheet has the name C. crispata

written under the name C. ramosissima Roxb.

followed by “Gravelly river bank, and plains

and stony ridges on the Victoria River and its

lower tributaries”. Of the three specimens on

this sheet, the upper two have broad calyx lobes

(C. cristata) and the lower one has narrow

calyx lobes (C. ramosissima). The Brown

specimen (BM) from the Gulf of Carpentaria

also has narrow calyx lobes. Bentham appears

to have included both taxa (broad and narrow

calyx lobes) in his description, but states that

C. crispata resembles C. ramosissima “in

many respects, but which, in its large flowers

and broad, reflexed viscous bracts [calyx

lobes?], is nearer to C. lunulata Heyne.”

C. lunulata, however, differs markedly from

both species in the calyx which is much shorter

than the corolla, and the pod which is c. 15 mm

long.

The upper right hand specimen on the

MEL sheet [MEL 47637] is therefore here

chosen as the lectotype for the name

C. crispata. The upper left hand specimen

represents the more densely hairy form of this

species. The lower specimen on this sheet and

the Brown specimen (BM) are correctly

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

301

identified as C. ramosissima.

5. Crotalaria ramosissima Roxb., FI. Indica

(Carey) 2 nd edn. 3: 268 (1832). Type:

India. “Native to the interior parts of

Benghal”, Wallich 5380 (holo: K, n.v.;

photo: BRI).

Illustration : Wheeler et al. (eds) (1992:

383, fig. 113c) as C. crispata.

Annual or perennial herbs to 70 cm tall; stem

villous or nearly glabrous; hairs c. 1 mm long.

Leaves simple, obovate or oblong, 5-28 mm

long, 2-9 mm wide, apex rounded; both

surfaces villous; petiole to 2 mm long; stipules

minute or absent. Racemes terminal, to 12 cm

long; flowers 4-21; bract and bracteoles ovate,

2-6 mm long; bracteoles inserted just below

calyx; pedicel 1-3.5 mm long. Calyx 7-11 mm

long, 2-lipped; lobes oblong, more than twice

the length of the tube, 1-3.5 mm wide

(including the reflexed portion), the margins

slightly recurved to reflexed, reflexed portion

c. 1 mm wide; inner surface often black, viscid.

Corolla equal to or shorter than calyx; standard

obovate or elliptic, apex acute, 5-9 mm long,

3-5 mm wide, yellow, veins reddish-brown;

wings oblong, 4-7 mm long, shorter than keel;

keel 5-8 mm long, beak slightly twisted. Pod

sessile, oblong-ellipsoid, 6-9 mm long, 3-5

mm wide, villous; seed 1. Seed 3-4 mm long,

brown. Fig. 1G.

Selected specimens: Western Australia. 25 km W of

Petermarer Creek crossing by NW coastal Hwy, c. 14 km by

road ENE of main Port Hedland-Wittenoom road, Aug 1978,

Barker 2787 (AD,MEL); CapeLeveque, Apr 1988, Dunlop

7821 (DNA, MEL, PERTH); Red Dune, near Edgar Range,

SE of Broome, Aug 1976, Kenneally 5549 (CANB,

PERTH); 75 km W of Wyndham, c. 7 km SSW of Paradise

302

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

Pool on Ernest River, NE Kimberley, Mar 1978, Lazarides

8647 (CANB, DNA, PERTH); Hann River, 48 miles [77

km] W of Tableland Station, Oct 1959, Lazarides 6434 (BRI,

CANB, DNA, PERTH); Bungle Bungle N.P., 7 km NNW of

Goose Hole Yard, Ord River, Jun 1989, Menkhorst 435

(PERTH, DNA); 6 miles [10 km] W Bloodwood Bore,

Balweena Reserve, Aug 1969, Nelson 1934 (DNA, MEL,

PERTH); 4 km SW of Shay Gap (town), c. 160 km E of Port

Hedland, Jul 1984, Newbey 10281 (CANB, PERTH).

Northern Territory. South bank of Katherine River near

junction with Limestone Creek, Oct 1946, Blake 17222 (BRI,

CANB, DNA); Burrabelly Waterhole, Frew River, Feb 1972,

Dunlop 2497 (BRI, CANB); Ryans Bend Waterhole, Jun

1971, Henry 40 (BRI, CANB,MEL); 15 miles [24km] SW

of Inningarra Range, Aug 1970, Maconochie 945 (AD, BRI,

DNA); 39 miles [62 km] E of Beswick, Jun 1972,

Maconochie 1425 (BRI, CANB, DNA); Elkedra Station

Creek crossing 14 km NW of Homestead on Hatches Creek

road via jump-up, Aug 1979, Morton 235 (DNA, MEL); 10

miles [16 km] NNE of Borroloola, Jul 1948, Perry 1783

(AD, BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL); Arnhem land, Yirrmal, Aug

1986, Scarlett 232 & White (CANB, DNA). Queensland.

Burke District: Nicholson River, May 1940, Jensen s.n.

(BRI); Richmond, Westmoreland, Lagoon Creek, off track

to Camp Ridgeway, May 1997, Forster PIF21008 & Booth

(BRI, MEL).

Distribution and habitat. Northern Australia,

from Port Hedland in W.A., through the

northern part of the N.T. and in north-western

Qld as far east as Richmond. Occurs in open

woodland, open shrubland and grassland,

usually near creeks and rivers, in sandy soil.

Also in India and SE Asia. Map 2.

Phenology. Flowers most of the year, more

commonly in the winter months.

6. Crotalaria brevis Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89

(2): 126 (1925). Type: North Coast,

1802-3, R.Brown 5092, (lecto, here

designated: K specimen on upper half of

sheet: photo: BRI).

Crotalaria sp. B in Wheeler et al. (eds)

(1992)

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

303

Fig. 2. A, B: Crotalaria montana var. angustifolia. A. standard petal x 8. B. pod x 4. C. montana var. exserta. C. pod x 4.

D, E: C. brevis. D. standard petal x 8. E. pod x 8. A, B: Bean 11381 (BRI). C: Forster PIF 22182 (BRI). D, E: Leach 2927

& Cowie (BRI).

Illustrations: Wheeler etal. (1992: 389, fig.

116f) as Crotalaria sp. “B”.

Erect, ascending or decumbent annual or

perennial herbs. Stem several to many, to 40

cm long, moderately to densely pubescent,

rarely glabrous; hairs spreading or appressed.

Leaves simple, elliptic to obovate, or oblong;

6-35 mm long, 1—10 mm wide, L:W ratio 2-

10:1, apex acute or obtuse; upper surface nearly

glabrous or both surfaces pubescent, hairs

appressed or spreading, to 1.5 mm long; petiole

to 2 mm long; stipules absent. Racemes 0.5-

13 cm long; flowers 1-10; bract and bracteoles

linear, 1-4 mm long; bracteoles inserted on

the calyx; pedicel 2-6 mm long. Calyx 6-9 mm

long, pubescent; upper 2 lobes joined nearly to

the apex; lower lobes longer than tube. Corolla

equalling calyx or slightly longer; standard

elliptic, ovate, obovate or oblong, acute or

obtuse, auriculate, 6-9 mm long, 3-5 mm wide,

yellow, veins reddish; wings oblong to obovate,

shorter than keel; keel 6-9 mm long, beak

twisted. Pod sessile, oblong-ellipsoid, 5-11 mm

long, 3.5-6 mm wide, glabrous; seeds 8-14.

Seed 1.5-2.5 mm long, brown or olive. Fig. 2

D-E.

Selected specimens : Western Australia. Where Balk Creek

south crosses main road, Apr 1992, Carter 520 (DNA,

PERTH); 73 km W of Wyndham, 13 km S of Paradise Pool,

Mar 1978, Lazarides 8645 (DNA, PERTH); King Edward

River, Jun 1987, Keighery 9005 (PERTH); roadside near

Cable Beach, Jan 1992, Mitchell 1948 (DNA, PERTH);

Manguel Creek Station, S of the Derby to Broom road, Apr

1968, Payne s.n. (PERTH): Kunnunurra, Lake Argle road,

60 km from Kununurra, Apr 1977, Pullen 10.688 (CANB,

PERTH). Northern Territory. Giddy River crossing, Jun

1972, Byrnes 2594 (CANB, DNA); 4.3 miles [6.9 km] NW

of Pine Creek, Mar 1961, Chippendale NT7609 (AD, BRI,

CANB, DNA, PERTH); Kapalga, Feb 1977, Collins 226

(CANB, DNA); Berrimah, May 1989, Cowie 744 (DNA,

MEL); Groote Eylandt, 7 km SSE of Alyangula, Apr 1992,

Cowie 2541 (DNA, MEL); 8 miles [13 km] NE of El Sharana

Mine, Feb 1973, Lazarides 7869 (CANB, DNA); Bessie

304

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

Springs, McArthur River Station, Jun 1977, Must 1537

(DNA, CANB); 50 mi les [80 km] E of Borooloola Station,

Aug 1964, Perry 1835 (DNA); 12 mi les [19 km] NE of

Katherine, Jan 1965, Wilson 83 (BRI, CANB, DNA).

Queensland. Burke District: Lawn Hill N.R, Apr 1997,

Forster PIF 20880 & Holland (BRI); 46 km NW of old

Corinda outstation, May 1974, Pullen 9164 (BRI, CANB).

Cook District: Newcastle Bay, May 1948, Brass 18748

(CANB); Mount Molloy, Apr 1962, McKee 9109 (BRI).

North Kennedy District: Clarke River, Jan 1982, Pedley

4824 (BRI, MEL). South Kennedy District: Shoal Point,

Mackay, Feb 1993, Batianoff 9302402 (BRI). Leichhardt

District: Blackdown Tableland, c. 3-5 km W of Mimosa

Creek campsite, 32 km SE of Blackwater, Apr 1971,

Henderson 749 (BRI, MEL). Port Curtis District:

Cannona, 40 km N of Rockhampton, Jun 1996, Anderson

4992 (BRI). Maranoa District: 1.5 km SE of Mount Moffatt

Homestead, Mount Moffatt N.P., Jan 1998, Bean 12960

(BRI). Wide Bay District: Welcome Creek, c. 5 km from

Moore Park N of Bundaberg, Nov 1978, Stanley 78134

(BRI). Moreton District: North Stradbroke Island, Point

Lookout, Aug 1969, Coveny 1971(BRI, NSW). New South

Wales. Lower Slopes of Gloucester Buckets at N end, c. 2

km W of Gloucester, Jan 1994, Coveny 16737 (BRI, NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Northern and eastern

Australia, from Roebuck Bay in W.A., across

the N.T., and along the east coast of Australia

as far south as Gloucester in N.S.W. Occurs in

Eucalyptus woodlands and forests, in a variety

of soils. Map 1.

Phenology: Flowers December to August.

Discussion: C. brevis is easily distinguished

from C. montana by the shorter racemes, fewer

flowers and the standard petal which is ovate

to elliptic, 3-5 mm wide and acute or obtuse at

apex. The length, direction and density of hairs

varies from moderate to dense, spreading or

appressed, 1-3 mm long. A few specimens from

Western Australia have smaller pods 5-7 mm

long and 3.5-4 mm wide (species “B” in

Wheeler et al. (1992)): Flats between Bell

Creek and the King Leopold Range, May 1988,

Goble-Garratt 667 (PERTH); Mount Elizabeth

Station, NE of Derby & SW of Wyndham, May

1968, Hutchinson 2 (PERTH).

Crotalaria brevis, C. nana Burm. and

C. melanocarpa Wall, ex Benth. are closely

related species, probably part of a complex

extending from India to Australia. According

to Domin (1925), C. nana differs from C. brevis

in the “smaller flowers in heads and smaller

fruits”. Niyomdham (1978) and Rudd (1991)

describe C. nana as having flowers and pods

c. 5 mm long, smaller than those of any

Australian material. I therefore conclude that

C. nana s.s., does not occur in Australia.

According to Niyomdham (1978),

C. melanocarpa has an erect habit (to 50 cm

tall), leaves 20-40 mm long, standard petal

acute, 5.5 mm x 4 mm, and pods 7 mm x 4

mm. A few eastern Queensland specimens are

similar to the type material of C. melanocarpa:

Castle Hill, Townsville, Bean 4074 (BRI);

Herberton, 1.5 km W on Petford Rd, Conn 1132

& Clarkson (BRI). However, these character

states do not clearly separate these specimens

from of the remaining specimens identified as

C. brevis.

At the present time, the name C. brevis

is retained for Australian material. This taxon

is considered to be endemic and is

distinguished from C. melanocarpa by the

larger flowers and pods. However, several

forms are represented in the type material, and

circumscription and lectotypification is

therefore necessary. Examination of the full

extent of the variation present in non-

Australian material will be needed in order to

clearly define all of the taxa and correctly apply

names.

Lectotypification: Eight collections are cited

by Do min : a. North Coast, R.Brown 5092, (K,

upper half of sheet); b. McAdam Range,

F.Mueller (K, lower half of same sheet as a.);

c. Yarraba, Jan-Feb 1910, K.Domin (PR

[PR527119]); d. Atherton, Jan-Feb 1910,

K.Domin (PR [PR527120]); e. Mareeba, Jan-

Feb 1910, K.Domin, (PR [PR527118]), (c., d.

and e. are on the same sheet); f. Pentland (2

sheets), Mar 1910, K.Domin (PR [PR527123])

and K.Domin (PR [PR527117]); g. Cape York,

Nov 1849, J. MacGillivray 14 XI (not seen);

h. Voyage of Rattlesnake, Botany No. 525,

A.Dietrich 2456 (PR [PR527121], BRI,

CANB); i. R.Brown 5091, Iter Australiense

1802-05 (not seen). Specimen a. is here chosen

as lectotype. This specimen closely agrees with

Domin’s description, and represents a form that

is common across northern Australia.

Section C. New combinations

7. Crotalaria cunninghamii R.Br., in Sturt,

C., Narr. Exped. C. Australia, Bot. App.

71 (1849). Type: barren shores of

Goodenough Bay, SE of Cygnet Bay, NW

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

305

Coast, 1818, A. Cunningham (lecto, here

designated: K (lower right hand

specimen); photo: BRI).

Shrub to 4 m high. Stem stout, softly woody,

velvety tomentose. Leaves unifoliolate, rarely

trifoliolate; lamina broadly elliptic, ovate or

suborbicular, 2-13 cm long, 1-8 cm wide, apex

obtuse or retuse; both surfaces tomentose;

petiole 0.5-4.5 cm long; stipules subulate, 2-

18 mm long. Racemes terminal or axillary, to

35 cm long; flowers 1-52; bract ovate-

lanceolate, 5-17 mm long; bracteoles 1-14 mm

long, inserted on the pedicel; pedicel 5-30 mm

long. Calyx 11-30 mm long, velvety, lobes

equal to or longer than tube. Standard ovate,

apex acute, 20-43 mm long, greenish yellow,

veins purple; wings ovate or elliptic, shorter

than keel; keel 35-60 mm long, beak twisted.

Pod stipitate, oblong-clavate, 3-6 cm long, 1-

1.5 cm wide, velvety tomentose; seeds 3-16.

Seed 4-7 mm long, brown.

Two subspecies are recognised here.

Key to subspecies of Crotalaria cunninghamii

Petiole to 2.5 cm long; racemes 0.1-3.5 cm long; flowers 1-19

Petiole to 4.5 cm long; racemes 5-35 cm long; flowers 20-52..

7a. Crotalaria cunninghamii R.Br. subsp.

cunninghamii

Illustrations: Hooker (1852: plate 829);

Jessop (ed.) (1981: 154, fig. 176);

Wheeler et al. (eds) (1992: 381, fig.

112 ).

Leaves always unifoliolate; petiole to 2.5 cm

long. Racemes often appearing to be axillary,

0.1-3.5 cm long; flowers 1-19. Calyx lobes

slightly longer than the tube to more than twice

the length of the tube. Keel petal 37-60 mm

long.

Selected specimens : Western Australia. Broome, new jetty

area, Aug 1965, Beauglehole 11251 (MEL, PERTH);

Stewart River near Oobagooma road N of junction of

Robinson Rivers, 74 km NNE of Derby, Jun 1976,

Beauglehole 52879 (PERTH); Between Kimberley Research

Station and Martins Gap, Apr 1956, Burbidge 5125 (BRI,

CANB, MEL, PERTH); Dampier district, Cape Kerauderen,

Aug 1974, Carr 4518 (PERTH); Great Sandy Desert, May

1984, Fatchen 872 (AD); 4 km S of Cape Bertholet,

Dampierland N of Broome, Apr 1977, Kenneally 6050

(PERTH); Kunnunurra township, Jun 1975, Symon 10326

(AD, CANB, PERTH). Northern Territory. Gardiner

Range, far West Tanami, Jun 1996, Albrecht 7793 (DNA);

32 km W of Muchaty Homestead, Apr 1974, Hagan s.n.

(DNA); 11 km SW of Sangsters Bore, Tanami Desert, Jun

1991, Latz 11969 (DNA); Lake Mackay on Island in SE

area of lake, Oct 1992, Latz 13016 (DNA); Mount Young,

Nathan River Stn, Nov 1987, Russell-Smith 6725 (BRI,

DNA); 17 kmE of Calvert River mouth, Jun 1987, Thomson

1799 (DNA); Newcastle Waters, Jul 1958, Trapnell 63

(BRI); Kalkaringi area, Leichhardt Springs, Aug 1993,

Whiteman 6209 (DNA).

Distribution and habitat : North-western W.A.

from Broome to the Ashburton River and in

the northern half of the N.T. as far east as the

.7a. subsp. cunninghamii

.7b. subsp. sturtii

Calvert River. Occurs on sand dunes, coastal

dunes, and in grassland or grassy woodland,

on sandy soil. Map 3.

Phenology: Flowers mainly from May to

October.

7b. Crotalaria cunninghamii subsp. sturtii

(R.Br.) A.E.Holland, comb. nov.

Crotalaria sturtii R.Br., in C. Sturt, Narr.

Exped. C. Australia. Bot. App. 70.

(1849) Type: On top of the ridges of

pure sand, from S. lat. 28° to 26°,

C. Sturt s.n. (holo: BM n.v. photo: BRI).

Crotalaria cunninghamii var. trifoliolata

J.Black, Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 41: 651

(1917). Type: Strezlecki Creek, Sep

1916, R.Cockburn & S.A. White (holo:

AD; photo: BRI).

Illustrations: Hacker (1990: 113);

Cunningham et al. (1981: 387); Jessop

& Toelken (eds) (1986: 701, fig. 380a).

Leaves unifoliolate, rarely trifoliolate; petiole

to 4.5 cm long. Racemes terminal, 5-35 cm

long; flowers 20-52. Calyx lobes equal to or

slightly longer than the tube. Keel petal 35-53

mm long.

Selected specimens : Western Australia. Geikie Gorge, 16

km NE of Fitzroy Crossing, Jun 1970, Briggs 3668 (DNA,

NSW, PERTH); Millstream Station, May 1952, Brockway

s.n. (PERTH); 36 km W of Doorawarrah, May 1995,

Cranfield 9689 (PERTH); Piccaninny Creek road, Bungle

Bungle N.P., Apr 1956, Solomon 787 (PERTH); Gibb River

road, 51 km NNE of Karunjie Stn, Jul 1991, Streimann

306

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

80027 (BRI, CANB, DNA). Northern Territory. 107 km

from Tanami towards Gordon Downs, Aug 1971, Gittins

2385 (BRI); Hale River, Simpson desert, Aug 1977, Latz

7491 (DNA); c. 17 mil es [27 km] NWof Andado Homestead,

Jul 1968, Must 94 (AD, BRI, CANB, DNA). South

Australia. Lake Cooragie, Innamincka Station, May 1966,

Smyth 72 (AD); c. 8 km SW of William Creek, Sep 1986,

Weber 9571a (AD, BRI); 40 km W of Hermannsburg, Jul

1954, Chippendale NT53 (DNA). Queensland. Gregory

North District: 164 km from Windorah on Bedourie road,

May 1997, Forster PIF 20610 & Holland (BRI, MEL,

NSW); Mulligan River, 18 km SW of Glenormiston

Homestead, Oct 1984, Neldner 1560 (BRI). Gregory South

District: Birdsville, Jan 1937, Everistl6 (BRI); Nockatunga

Station, Jun 1936, Blake 11803 (BRI, CANB). Warrego

District: 80 miles [128 km] Wof Thargomindah, Sep 1963,

Cockbum 46 (BRI). New South Wales. Milparinka, Feb

1910, Forster s. n. (NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Common throughout

central Australia from Carnarvon in W.A. to

Coopers Creek in Qld and as far south as

Andamooka in S.A. Frequent on the crests of

sand dunes, also found on sandy plains, and in

drainage lines, on sandy soils. Map 4.

Phenology : Flowers all year, often after rain.

Discussion: Brown (1849) published these two

names (C. sturtii and C. cunninghamii ) on

adjacent pages but gave greater prominence to

the first name, C. sturtii. The type material of

C. sturtii was collected from Central Australia.

He described C. cunninghamii on the next page

under “Obs” and distinguished it from C. sturtii

by the “leaves simple, ovate to obovate, usually

sericeous-tomentose, petiole apex curved,

peduncle axillary, 1-flowered”. The type

material of C. cunninghamii was collected from

north-western Australia.

Hooker (1852) and Mueller (1862)

believed the two names to be synonymous but

gave no published references. Hooker stated

that “in many respects this (C. cunninghamii )

accords with Mr. Browns description of

C. sturtii". Mueller did not mention C. sturtii

but his description of C. cunninghamii includes

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

307

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Map 4. Distribution of Crotalaria cunninghamii subsp. sturtii.

material with single and many-flowered

racemes: “racemis ...elongatis raro ad florem

solitarium reductis”. Bentham (1864) placed

C. sturtii in synonymy under C. cunninghamii :

“The specimen of the latter (C. cunninghamii ),

and seen by R. Brown, having been imperfect

as to inflorescence and there is nothing in

R. Brown’s diagnoses of C. sturtii which does

not agree perfectly with the common state of

C. cunninghamii.

Examination of current herbarium

holdings revealed that a number of specimens

from the north-west of Australia have short,

few-flowered racemes. The remaining material,

mostly from central Australia, has long, many-

flowered racemes. Measurements of the lengths

of the mature racemes of 476 specimens

indicates 2 general groupings: racemes 0-3.5

cm long and racemes 5-31 cm long. On the

basis of these measurements and other

supporting characters, as well as the

distribution of the groupings, I conclude that

these taxa are for the most part distinct.

C. sturtii is therefore here recombined at the

level of subspecies.

The type specimen of C. cunninghamii

var. trifoliolata J.Black is here considered to

be a rare trifoliolate form of C. cunninghamii

subsp. sturtii. No other trifoliolate specimens

were seen. The existence of trifoliolate and

unifoliolate forms in the same species, and

sometimes on the same plant, has been noted

in the literature for other legumes e.g.

Desmodium (Pedley 1999) and Cullen (Grimes

1997).

Lectotypification: The collections cited by

Brown for C. cunninghamii are: a. North-west

308

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

coast of Australia (barren shores of

Goodenough Bay, SE of Cygnet Bay,

A. Cunningham (K, 3 specimens on one sheet);

b. [Bynoe] Wickham & Stokes ’ Voyage of the

Beagle (BM). The lower right hand specimen

on the Kew sheet (sheet a.), is here selected as

the lectotype.

8. Crotalaria dissitiflora Benth. in Mitch., J.

Exped. Trop. Australia 386 (1848). Type:

Baloon [Balonne] River, Nov 1846,

Mitchell 459 (holo: K n.v.; photo: BRI,

NSW).

Woody perennials to 60 cm; stem pubescent.

Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets elliptic, lanceolate

orobovate, 1-5 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, apex

acute, obtuse orretuse; upper surface glabrous

or pubescent; lower surface pubescent; petiole

1-3.5 cm long; stipules subulate, 0.5-6 mm

long. Racemes terminal, to 26 cm long; flowers

3-30; bract and bracteoles lanceolate, 0.5-3.5

mm long, caducous; bracteoles inserted just

below calyx; pedicel 1-4 mm long. Calyx 2.5-

6 mm long, appressed pubescent; lobes

±equalling tube. Standard broadly ovate to

suborbicular, apex rounded or emarginate, 6-

15 mm long and wide, yellow, (with no other

colours); wings oblong, shorter than or

equalling keel; keel 7-17 mm long, beak not

twisted. Pod shortly stipitate, oblong-clavate,

oblique, 11-22 mm long, 4-8 mm wide,

pubescent, with 6-12 seeds. Seed 2.5-3 mm

long, brown or ochre.

Three subspecies are recognised here:

Key to subspecies of Crotalaria dissitiflora (adapted from Lee 1978):

1. Upper surface of leaflets always glabrous; keel 8-13 mm long.8a. subsp. dissitiflora

Both surfaces of leaflets pubescent; young leaflets usually bullate or rugose

in appearance from arrangement of pubescence at veins

2. Keel beak 7-13 mm long.

Keel beak 13-17 mm long.

8a. Crotalaria dissitiflora Benth. subsp.

dissitiflora

Illustrations: Hacker (1990: 114); Hardin

(1994, 2: 521); Jessop (ed) (1981: 153

fig. 175d).

Plants sparsely pubescent, hairs appressed, to

0.5 mm long. Leaflet lamina 1-5 cm long, 0.6-

1.2 cm wide, apex acute, obtuse or retuse; upper

surface glabrous and minutely dotted; petiole

2-3.5 cm long; stipules 2.5-6 mm long. Bract

1-3.5 mm long; pedicel 2-3 mm long. Calyx

2.5-5 mm long. Keel petal 8-13 mm long, beak

straight or rounded. Pod 1.1-1.6 cm long, 4-8

mm wide. Pig. 3D.

Selected specimens: Northern Territory. 17 miles [27 km]

W Arltunga, Mar 1958, Chippendale NT4080 (DNA,

PERTH). S.A.: Congie sandhills, King’s lookout, Oct 1986,

Conrick 2017 (AD, HO); 5 miles [8 km] W Tarlton Downs

Homestead,Feb 1968 ,Latz 158 (DNA,MET.); 12miles [19.2

km] N Mittibar Homestead, Mar 1981, Maconochie 2598

(CANB, DNA). Queensland. Burke District: 35 miles [56

km] NNE Camooweal, May 1948, Perry 997 (CANB).

Warrego District: Cunnamulla, Apr 1936, Blake 11212

(BRI, CANB); Gilruth Plains near Cunnamulla, Apr 1863,

McKee 10313 (BRI, CANB, NSW). Leichhardt District:

.8b. subsp. rugosa

.8c. subsp. benthamiana

Peak Downs, Jun 1951, Everist 4405 (BRI, CANB); 82 km

SW of Mt Coolon, Mar 1995, Fensham 2698 (BRI). New

South Wales. Moree, Feb. 1969, Mactier (NSW).

Distribution and habitat: Occurs in southern

Qld, N.S.W. and the southern part of the N.T.,

on heavy black clay soils, in open woodland

and grassland. Map: Lee (1978: 330, Map 1).

Phenology: Plowers most of year.

8b. Crotalaria dissitiflora subsp. rugosa

(Benth.) A.T.Lee, Telopea 1(5): 332

(1978); Crotalaria dissitiflora var.

rugosa Benth., PI. Austral. 2: 184 (1864).

Type: Sturts Creek, Peb. 1886, F.Mueller

(lecto, here designated: K, n.v.; photo:

BRI, NSW; isolecto: MEL[MEL1010367]).

Illustration: Williams (1984: 90).

Plants moderately to densely pubescent, hairs

loosely appressed, shining, to 2 mm long.

Leaflet lamina 1-4 cm long, 0.5-1.3 cm wide,

apex rounded or retuse; young leaflets usually

bullate or rugose in appearance from

arrangement of pubescence at veins; petiole

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

309

Fig. 3. A. Crotalaria novae-hollandiae subsp. novae-hollandiae, leaf x 1. B. C. novae-hollandiae subsp. lasiophylla ,

leaf x 1. C. C. novae-hollandiae subsp. crassipes, leaf x 1. D. Crotalaria dissitiflora subsp. dissitiflora, keel petal x 4.

E. Crotalaria dissitiflora subsp. rugosa, keel petal x 4. F. Crotalaria dissitiflora subsp. benthamiana, keel petal x 4. A:

Purdie 1036 (BRI). B: Thomas 662 (BRI). C: Maconochie 1591 (BRI). D: Nelson 2353 (CANB). E: Kimbel 48 (DNA).

F: Forrest s.n. (MEL).

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Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

1.8-2.6 cm long; stipules linear, 0.5-5 mm

long. Bract 0.5-2.2 mm long; pedicel 1-4 mm

long. Calyx 3-4 mm long. Keel petal 7-13 mm

long, beak straight or rounded. Pod 1.2-1.9

cm long, 4-8 mm wide. Fig. 3E.

Selected specimens : Northern Territory. Bishop’s Bore,

17 miles [27 km] NW of Brunette Downs Homestead, Oct

1958, Chippendale NT5011 (BRI, DNA, PERTH); 30 miles

[48 km] SW of Tobermorey Homestead, Sep 1954,

Chippendale NT393 (BRI, CANB, DNA, NSW); 16 miles

[25.6 km] E of Alcoota Stn, Mar 1953, Perry 3395 (BRI,

DNA, CANB, PERTH); 1 km N of No. 11 Bore, Aug 1984,

Strong 505 (DNA). Queensland. Burke District: 20 km N

of Julia Ck, Mar 1977, Pullen 10.415 (BRI, CANB).

Mitchell District: 15 miles [24 km] W of Hughenden on

Richmond road, May 1956, Burbidge 5378 (CANB).

Gregory North District: 110kmNofBirdsville,Sep 1951,

Pedley 4478 (AD, BRI, MEL). South Australia, c. 30 km

N of Innamincka, Jun 1986, Archer s.n. (AD).

Distribution and habitat : Tropical and

subtropical Australia, from the Kimberley

district of W.A., across the N.T., and in western

Qld. Occurs on a variety of clay soils, usually

in open woodland or grassland. Map: Lee

(1978: 330, Map 1).

Phenology : Flowers most of year.

Lectotypification : Bentham (1864) cites two

collections for var. rugosa: a. Sturt’s Creek,

F.Mueller (K, MEL [MEL1010367]) and b.

Newcastle Water, F.Mueller (MEL

[MEL1010366]). Specimen a. Sturts Creek,

F.Mueller at K is here chosen as the lectotype.

This specimen is the most complete of the two

a. sheets and specimen b.

8c. Crotalaria dissitiflora subsp.

benthamiana (Pritzel) A.E.Holland

comb. nov.

Crotalaria benthamiana Pritzel in Diels &

Pritzel, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 35: 267 (1904);

Crotalaria dissitiflora var. grandiflora

Benth., FI. Austral. 2: 184 (1864).

Type: “Hammersley Range”, F.

Gregory’s Expedition, M.Brown

[MEL1010368] (neo, here designated:

MEL photo: BRI).

Plants moderately to densely pubescent; hairs

loosely appressed, shining, c. 2 mm long.

Leaflet lamina 1.5-4 cm long, 0.5-1.4 cm

wide, apex rounded; young leaflets usually

bullate or rugose in appearance from

arrangement of pubescence at veins; petiole 1-

3 cm long; stipules 2-6 mm long. Bract 1-2

mm long; pedicel 2-4 mm long. Calyx 4-6 mm

long; keel petal 13-17 mm long, beak straight.

Pod 15-22 mm long, 6-7 mm wide. Fig. 3F.

Specimens examined: Western Australia. Port Hedland,

Aug 1963, Beard 2861 (PERTH); Fortescue River, 1878,

Carey s.n. (MEL); Between Port Hedland and Mt Tom Price,

Mar 1970, Donovan s.n. (BRI); Jones Creek and George

River south of Roeboume, undated, Forrest [MEL1727397]

(MEL); Nickol River, 1878, Forrest s.n. (MEL); Between

Onslow and Roeboume at Karratha Station, Dampier, Sep

1968, Godlonton s.n. (PERTH); Karratha Station, between

Onslow and Roeboume, Oct 1968, Fitzgerald s.n. (PERTH);

Wittenoom, on Port Hedland road, Jul 1964, Gar stone s.n.

(PERTH); Port Walcott, undated, Harper s.n. (PERTH); near

Barowanna Hill, Mar 1984, Newbey 9966 (PERTH); 3 km

S of Mt Florence Homestead, May 1996, Mitchell PRP1034

(BRI, PERTH); Port Hedland, 1973, Stone s.n. (PERTH).

Distribution and habitat: Known from the

Fortescue district of W.A. with one specimen

from Port Walcott. Occurs on “crabhole” plains

of red basalt derived soil. Map: Lee (1978: 330,

Map 1).

Phenology: Flowers February to October.

Discussion: Lee (1978) distinguished

C. benthamiana Pritzel from C. dissitiflora

Benth. by the large flowers (15-17 mm long)

which have a straight-beaked keel (not

incurved). This taxon is also geographically

isolated and occurs on a distinct soil type, “red

basaltic soils of the Pilbara”. However, in her

notes, Lee stated that “the status of this taxon

is debatable; vegetatively it is indistinguishable

from C. dissitiflora subsp. rugosa although

their flowers are virtually constant and different

from one another.”

Recent collections of C. dissitiflora

include specimens from both Qld and the N.T.

which have larger flowers (keel 10-13 mm

long). These large-flowered forms occur in both

subspecies, and both of Lee’s keel shapes are

represented e.g. subsp. dissitiflora: rounded

keel, Perry 997 (CANB); long, straight-beaked

keel, Maconochie 2598 (CANB, DNA); subsp.

rugosa: rounded keel, Burbidge 5378 (CANB);

long, straight-beaked keel, Strong 505 (DNA).

Keel lengths were measured for 346

flowers from 75 specimens across all three taxa

(including large flowered forms) yielding a

continuous range of lengths from 7 to 17 mm.

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

311

Crotalaria benthamiana represents one end of

the variation (fig. 3D-F) and is therefore here

recombined at the level of subspecies.

Neotypification: Pritzel described

C. benthamiana as a new species but indicated

in his notes that it was based on C. dissitiflora

var. grandiflora Benth. Pritzel’s designated

type “in the tropical region on the shore of

Nickol Bay midway to Spring Station” (B) is

presumed destroyed. Lee (1978) selected a

lectotype for C. benthamiana from among

Bentham’s C. dissitiflora var. grandiflora

syntypes. However, none of these specimens

were actually cited by Pritzel. Therefore

neotypification, rather than lectotypicification

is required. In order to avoid further confusion,

I here designate Lee’s “lectotype”: Hammersley

Range, F. Gregory’s Expedition, M.B. ( MEL

[MEL1010368]) as the neotype for

C. benthamiana.

9. Crotalaria novae-hollandiae DC., Prod. 2:

127 (1825). Type: “in Nova-Hollandia

orient” (G-DC n.v. [fiche: BRI]).

Perennial herbs or shrubs to 2 m; stem

pubescent. Leaves unifoliolate; lamina broadly

elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2-17 cm long, 0.5-

8 cm wide, apex acute, obtuse or retuse; upper

surface glabrous or pubescent; lower surface

pubescent; petiole 5-20 mm long; stipules

lanceolate, 1-5 mm long. Racemes to 35 cm;

flowers 5-50; bract lanceolate, 1-4 mm long;

bracteoles c. 1 mm long, inserted on the pedicel

near the middle; pedicel 2-11 mm long. Calyx

4-8 mm long, appressed pubescent; lobes

triangular, shorter or longer than tube.

Standard ovate, obovate or suborbicular, 7-18

mm long, yellow, veins reddish-brown; wings

equal to or shorter than keel; keel 8-16 mm

long, beak twisted. Pod stipitate, oblong-

clavate, 17-36 mm long, 4-14 mm wide,

glabrous or pubescent; seeds 6-10. Seed 3.5-

6 mm long, yellow-brown.

Three subspecies are recognised here.

Key to subspecies are Crotalaria novae-hollandiae

1. Whole plant glabrous, often glaucous; petioles 2-8 mm long; ridged, ridge

decurrent; flowers 5-20; calyx lobes slightly longer than tube.9c. subsp. crassipes

Plants pubescent at least on stem, petioles and peduncles; petiole 6-20

mm long, not ridged or decurrent; flowers 10-50; calyx lobes longer or

shorter than tube

2. Both surfaces of leaflet lamina densely pubescent, hairs often ferruginous;

base rounded or cordate; veins forming an angle of 70°-90° to the midrib;

bracteoles inserted at or above the midpoint of the pedicel.9b. subsp. lasiophylla

Upper surface of leaflet lamina pubescent or glabrous; lower surface

appressed pubescent, hairs usually white; base rounded to cuneate, apex

variable; veins forming an angle of 30°-60° to the midrib; bracteoles

on lower half of pedicel.9a. subsp. novae-hollandiae

9a. Crotalaria novae-hollandiae DC. subsp.

novae-hollandiae

Illustrations : Hacker (1990:121); Wheeler

et al. (eds) (1992: 389, fig. 116a);

Williams (1984: 90).

Plants to 1.5 m; stem pubescent. Leaflet lamina

elliptic, ovate, obovate, lanceolate or oblong,

3-13 cm long, 0.5-4 cm wide, apex acute,

obtuse or retuse, base rounded or cuneate; upper

surface glabrous, or both surfaces appressed

pubescent; veins forming an angle of 30°-60°

from the midrib; petiole 6-20 mm long, not

ridged or decurrent. Racemes to 33 cm; flowers

10-50; bracteoles inserted on lower half of

pedicel. Calyx 4-6.5 mm long; lobes equal to

or shorter than tube. Standard 7-18 mm long;

keel 8-15 mm long. Pod glabrous or sparsely

pubescent. Seed 3.5-5 mm long. Fig. 3A

Selected specimens : Western Australia. Mable Downs,

May 1984, Winnama Spring, 17.5 km S of Turkey Creek,

May 1984, Forbes 2011 (BRI, CANB, MEL, PERTH);

Bungle Bungle N.P., Osmond Ck, W of Osmond Yard, June

1989, June 1989, Menkhorst 399 (DNA, PERTH); Miles

Bore, Feb 1992, Mitchell 2064 (DNA, PERTH). Northern

Territory. 30.2 miles [48 km] S of Katherine, Sept 1957,

Chippendale 3738 (AD. CANB, DNA, PERTH, MEL); 22

312

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

miles [35.5 km] NNE of New Tanumirini Homestead, June

1971, Latz 1400 (CANB, DNA); 16 miles [25.6 km] E

Tarlton Downs, Apr 1967 ,Maconochie 109 (CANB, DNA);

2 miles [3.2 km] N of Katherine, Feb 1961, McKee 8526

(CANB, DNA, NSW); Great Northern Highway, 27 km N

of Turkey Creek, Apr 1987, Purdie 3312 (CANB, MEL.

Queensland. Burke District: Mica Creek, Mt Isa, Oct 1967,

Braithwaite 3335 (CANB); 6 miles [9.6 km] S of Boomarra

Station, Aug 1953, Perry 3985 (BRI, CANB, DNA,

PERTH).

Distribution and habitat : Northern Australia,

from the Dampier Peninsula in W.A.,

throughout the N.T., and in northern Qld.

Occurs in woodland, shrubland and grassland,

on a variety of soil, often near streams or rivers.

Map: Lee (1978: 349: Map 3).

Phenology : Flowers all year.

9b. Crotalaria novae-hollandiae subsp.

lasiophylla (Benth.) A.T.Lee, Telopea

1(5): 19-356 (1978); Crotalaria novae-

hollandiae f. lasiophylla Benth., FI.

Austral. 2: 182 (1864). Type: “near Mt.

Humphries”, McDouall Stuart

[MEL1010378] (lecto: MEL, fide Lee

(1978); photo: BRI).

Illustrations : Wheeler et al. (eds) (1992: 389,

fig. 116b); Jessop & Toelken (eds) (1986: 701

fig. 380a).

Plants to 1.5 m; stem pubescent. Leaflet lamina

elliptic, ovate or obovate, 2-10 cm long, 1-4.5

cm wide, apex obtuse or retuse, base rounded

or cordate; both surfaces densely pubescent,

usually with ferruginous hairs; veins having

an angle of 70°-90° to the midrib; petiole 4-

17 mm long, not ridged or decurrent. Racemes

to 24 cm; flowers 10-35; bracteoles usually

inserted at or above the midpoint of the pedicel.

Calyx 6-7 mm long; lobes, equal to or shorter

than tube. Standard 9-17 mm long; keel 8-15

mm long. Pod pubescent. Seed 3.5-5 mm long.

Fig. 3B

Selected specimens: Western Australia. Near Frog Bore,

Bohemia Downs, Apr 1972, Aplin 4754 (AD, CANB, MEL,

PERTH); Taylor’s Lookout, 40 km S Lamboo Homestead,

Oct 1972, Aplin 5209 (PERTH); Fitzroy River, Apr 1953,

Gardner 10153 (AD, CANB, MEL, PERTH); Just W ofWolf

Creek Crater, Apr 1979, George 15307 (CANB, DNA,

PERTH). Northern Territory. 15.4 miles [24 km] E of The

Granites, Nov 1965, Chippendale NT4275 (AD, DNA,

MEL); Pingelly Waterhole, Kurundi Station, Feb 1972,

Dunlop 2490 (DNA, CANB); 6 miles [9.6 km] S Alice

Springs, Dec 1969, Nelson 1985 (AD, DNA, MEL); Lcnncrs

Rock, 1 mile [1.6 km] N, Nov 1954, Winkworth 34 (BRI,

CANB, MEL, PERTH). Queensland. Burke District: 8.3

km E Mussellbrook Mining Camp on main southern road to

Camooweal 175 km N of Camooweal, May 1995, Johnson

MRS979 (BRI); 0.6 miles [0.8 km] N of Deep Well Siding,

Aug 1964, Nelson 1270 (CANB, DNA, PERTH); Gregory

River Crossing c. 20 miles [32 km] SW of Burketown, Jun

1966, Pedley 2067 (BRI, CANB). South Australia. 1 km

from Purni Bore, Jul 1984, Badman 1350 (AD, CANB);

Sand dune adjacent to Pumie Bore & 56 km E of Dalhousie

Springs, Sept 1974, Symon 9408 (AD, CANB).

Distribution and habitat : Throughout the N.T.

and adjacent areas of W.A. and Qld, and the

northern edge of S.A. Occurs in open

woodland, shrubland or grassland, in sandy

soil. Map: Lee (1978: 349: Map 3).

Phenology : Flowers September to December.

9c. Crotalaria novae-hollandiae subsp.

crassipes (Hook.) A.E.Holland comb,

nov.

Crotalaria crassipes Hook, in Hooker’s

Icon. PL 9: t. 830 (1852). Type: N.W.

coast, Bynoe (holo: K; photo: BRI).

Illustrations : Hooker (1952: 8, t.830)

Plants to 2 m, glabrous, often glaucous. Leaf

lamina 5-17 cm long, 2-8 cm wide, apex

variable, base rounded to cuneate; upper

surface pubescent or glabrous, lower surface

appressed pubescent, hairs usually white; veins

forming an angle of 30°-60° to the midrib;

petiole 2-8 mm long, ridged and decurrent.

Racemes to 35 cm long; flowers 5-20;

bracteoles inserted on lower half of pedicel.

Calyx 6-8 mm long; lobes slightly longer than

tube. Standard 12-18 mm long; keel 12-16 mm

long. Pod glabrous. Seed 4-6 mm long. Fig.

3C.

Selected specimens: Western Australia. 11.5 km by road

N of Kalumburu on road to Pago Mission, May 1985, Aplin

890 etal. (PERTH); Wanjana N.P., Aug 1982, Conrick 1082

(AD); Chamley River, 4 km upstream of junction with Calder

River, May 1983, Dale 5 (PERTH); Leopold Range, Gibb

River road, W.A., Nov 1981, Dunlop 6020 & Done (DNA,

MEL, PERTH); Mellarie Creek, 5 km N Drysdale Homestead

where Gibb River road crosses this creek, Jun 1992, Mitchell

2577 (DNA, PERTH); Kuri, S end of peninsula, Vansittart

Bay, Mar 1993, Mitchell 2925 (CANB, PERTH); 14 km N

Napier Range, May 1975, Symon 10139 (AD, CANB,

PERTH); Heywood Island, May 1972, Wilson 10897

(PERTH). Northern Territory. 6 km W Mitchell River

Falls, Apr 1993, Cowie 4355 & B rub acker (CANB, DNA,

MEL); Mount Brockman, Apr 1980, Dunlop 5500 (CANB,

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

313

DNA); Mudginberri Station, May 1982, Dunlop 6162 &

Taylor (DNA, MEL); between Cahill’s Crossing and

Oenpelli, May 1973, Hartley 13728 (CANB, DNA);

Narbarlek, Apr 1988, Hinz 4 (BRI, CANB); 7 miles [11 km]

E Rum Bottle Creek, Jun 1972, Maconochie 1591 (BRI,

CANB, DNA); Kakadu N.R, 6 km SW Mount Brockman,

Apr 1980, Telford 8066 & Wrigley (CANB); Gregory N.P.,

Apr 1996, Walsh 4516 (MEL); 27 km E Goomadeer

Crossing, Arnhem Land, Jun 1987, Wightman 3823 (DNA).

Distribution and habitat: Coastal areas in

northern and western Australia from the

Kimberley district in W.A. and as far east as

the Calvert River in the N.T. Occurs in open

woodland and grassland, on slopes, creek banks

and sand dunes, in sandy soils. Map: Lee

(1978: 349: Map 3).

Phenology: Flowers from February to October.

Discussion: C. crassipes was first described

by Hooker in 1851 as a “most distinct and well

marked species” based on material collected

on the north-west coast of Australia. Bentham

(1864) retained this species, distinguishing it

from the closely related C. novae-hollandiae

by the total lack of hairs, the subulate stipules

and the decurrent petiole-ridges. Lee (1978)

disagreed with this distinction because “...the

few specimens seen by me differ from C. novae-

hollandiae only in being glabrous.” She placed

C. crassipes in synonomy under C. novae-

hollandiae.

With further material now available it is

evident that C. crassipes is, for the most part,

distinct, distinguished by the absence of hairs,

the petiolar ridges and shorter petiole (fig. 3 A-

C). However, there are a number of

intermediate forms from the Northern

Territory: a. glabrous and nearly glabrous

specimens of C. novae-hollandiae subsp.

novae-hollandiae: between the Calvert River

and Calvert Hills Station, May 1974, Pullen

9243 (CANB, DNA), 3 miles [4.8 km] W of

Key to varieties of Crotc

Pod 5-8 mm long.

Pod 8-12 mm long.

Note: C. montana var. montana does not occur

in Australia - see discussion below.

10a. Crotalaria montana var. angustifolia

(Gagnep.) Niyomdham, Thai For. Bull.

Bot. 11: 145 (1978); Crotalaria linifolia

L.f. var. angustifolia Gagnep., FI. Gen.

Calvert River Crossing, May 1974, Carolin

9257 (NSW) and b. specimens of C. novae-

hollandiae subsp. lasiophylla which have

petiole-ridges and short petioles: King Ash Bay,

McArthur River, May 1984, Thomson 678

(DNA), Davenport Range, Old Elkedra

Homestead, May 1977, Latz 6977 (CANB,

NSW). C. crassipes is therefore here

recombined at the level of subspecies.

10. Crotalaria montana Heyne ex Roth, Nov.

PI. Sp. 335. 1821.Type: East India,

Heyne s.n., Wallich 5384 (syn: K, n.v.

(photo at BRI)).

Crotalaria linifolia auct. non L.f.: Bentham

(1864,180); Bailey (1900,373); Stanley

& Ross (1983, 275) (see discussion

below).

Erect annual or perennial herb to 1 m; stem

appressed pubescent or subglabrous. Leaves

simple, narrowly oblong or linear, 20-80 mm

long, 2-7 mm wide, L:W ratio 5-24:1, apex

acute or obtuse; upper surface glabrous or both

surfaces shortly appressed-pubescent; petiole

to 2 mm long; stipules absent. Racemes 10-60

cm long; flowers 7-35; bract and bracteoles

linear, 1.5-2.5 mm long; bracteoles inserted

on the calyx; pedicel 2-5 mm long. Calyx 5-7

mm long, somewhat 2-lipped, pubescent; upper

lobes joined nearly to apex. Corolla equalling

the calyx; standard suborbicular, emarginate,

4.5- 7 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, auriculate, pale

yellow, veins reddish; outer surface pubescent

on midrib; wings oblong, 4-7 mm long, equal

to or shorter than keel; keel 5-7.5 mm long,

2.5- 3.5 mm wide, beak twisted. Pod sessile,

subglobose to cylindrical, 5-12 mm long, 4-5

mm wide, glabrous; seeds 8-16. Seed 1.3-2.7

mm long, black, brown or yellow-green.

Two varieties are recognised for Australia here.

ia montana in Australia

.10a. var. angustifolia

.10b. var. exserta

I.-C. 2: 332 (1916). T>pe: Mieville in

Chevalier 37225 (holo: P, n.v.; photo:

BRI).

Racemes 4-30 cm long. Pod subglobose to

rhomboid, 5-8 mm long, slightly longer than

the calyx. Fig. 2A,B.

314

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

Selected specimens: Western Australia. 19 km SE of East

Wyndham, Kununurra road, Jul 1974, Carr 3236 &

Beauglehole (CANB, PERTH); Mabel Downs, Winnama

Gorge, 17.5 km S Turkey Creek, May 1984, Forbes 1987

(MEL, PERTH); Upper slopes of Cockbum Range, Mar

1978, Hartley 14605 (CANB, PERTH); 4 km SE of Beverley

Springs Homestead, May 1979, Muir 651 (PERTH); 6 km

S of Wyndham on road to Halls Creek, Apr 1977, Pullen

10.871 (CANB, PERTH); Christmas Creek Station, May

1962, Royce 6994 (CANB, PERTH); Koolan Island, Apr

1984, Vernon 50 (CANB, PERTH). Northern Territory.

2.5 miles [4.0 km] SW of Fountain Head, Mar 1061,

Chippendale NT7696 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL, PERTH);

Cobourg Peninsula, Popham Bay, Apr 1993, Cowie 3608

(DNA); 1 km N Borroloola, Mar 1979, Henshall 2659

(CANB, DNA); 75 miles [120 km] NE of Maraboy Police

Station, Mar 1965, Lazarides 86 & Adams (CANB, DNA);

64 miles [102 km] NE of Tanami Bore, May 1971,

Maconochie 1110 (AD, BRI, CANB, PERTH); Humpty

Doo, Feb 1961, McKee 8304 (CANB, DNA, NSW);

Limbunya Station, Base Camp, Jul 1949, Perry 2330 (BRI,

CANB, DNA, MEL); Bickerton Island, South Bay, lun 1948,

Specht 538 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH).

Queensland. Burke District: Nicholson River crossing,

Doomagee, May 1974, Jacobs 1440 (CANB, NSW). Cook

District: 21 km W of Cholmondeley Creek crossing on

Telegraph Line road towards Skardon River, Mar 1992,

Johnson 5165 (BRI, MEL). North Kennedy District:

Burdekin River area above Dalbeg, Apr 1975, Staples 2108

(BRI). Leichhardt District: Carnarvon Gorge, 70 miles [112

km] NNW of Injune, Apr 1966, McDonald 211 (BRI).

Mitchell District: 34 mil es [54 km] NW of Longreach, Mar

1953, Davidson 346 (BRI). Burnett District: 14 km from

Murgon, towards Nanango, Nov 1996, Bean 11381 (BRI,

NSW). Darling Downs District: 6 km E of Mary vale, Mar

1995, Fensham 1960 (BRI). Moreton District: Serpentine

Creek & environs, 11 km NE of Brisbane, Mar 1973,

Durrington 515 (BRI). New South Wales. Mount Sugarloaf,

July 1969, Clarke 1830 (NSW); Kyogle to Woodenbong,

Jan 1971, Salasoo 4574 (NSW).

Distribution and habitat : Across northern

Australia from Broome in W.A., through the

northern half of the N.T., throughout Qld, and

in northern N.S.W. Also in SE Asia and New

Map 5. Distribution of Crotalaria montana var. angustifolia # and Crotalaria montana var. exserta M-

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

315

Guinea. Occurs in grassland and woodland in

a variety of soils and situations. Map 5.

Phenology . Flowers December to September.

10b. Crotalaria montana var. exserta

(Domin) A.E.Holland, comb. nov.

C. exserta Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89 (2):

179 (1925). Type: Queensland: “in

xerodrymio ad pedem montis Metal

Mountains, apud opp. Chillagoe”, Feb

1910, K.Domin (lecto, here designated:

PR [PR527125]; photo: BRI)

Racemes 10-60 cm long. Pod cylindrical,

nearly twice the length of the calyx, 8-12 mm

long. Fig. 2C.

Selected specimens : Queensland. Burke District: 8 km N

of Riversleigh Homestead, Jun 1974, Maconochie 1943

(BRI, DNA); Lawn Hill N.P., Louie Creek, Apr 1997, Forster

PIF 20854 & Holland (BRI, DNA); Ridgepole Waterhole,

27 km E Musselbrook Mining Camp, Apr 1995, Johnson

MRS240 & Thomas (BRI); Canobie, c. 100 miles [160 km]

NNE of Cloncurry, Apr 1954, Everist 5323 (BRI); 1.5 km

NW of Magazine Hill, 10.4 km N of Siver Star Mine, Apr

1991, Jones s.n. (BRI); 35 km N of Julia Creek on the

Normanton road, Mar 1977, Pullen 10.424 (BRI, CANB);

Barkly Downs, May 1963, Gittins 789 (BRI); 84 km NE of

Hughenden, 17 km NNW of Clyde Park Homestead, Mar

1993, Thompson HUG212 & Henderson (BRI). Cook

District: Gilbert River, undated, Bicks.n. (BRI); Eight Mile

Swamp Area, LakefieldN.P., Jan 1993, Bean 5541 (BRI); 4

km E of Almaden on road to Petford, Mar 1980, Clarkson

3044 (BRI, DNA, PERTH); 73 km from Almaden on road

to Mount Surprise, Jan 1992, Forster 9633 (BRI, MEL).

North Kennedy District: Snake Creek, c. 95 km NW of

Charters Towers on Gregory Developmental road, Apr 1991,

Batianoff SC9104009 & Franks (BRI); 30 miles [48 km] S

of Townsville on western line, Mar 1964, Robinson s.n.

(BRI). South Kennedy District: 4 km SW of Natal Downs,

Jun 1991, Thompson 141 & Henderson (BRI). Mitchell

District: Bald Hills Creek, Windgate Parade, Valetta, May

1991, Emmott 463 (BRI); 14 km NE of Prairie on edge of

Flinders Hwy, Mar 1993, Thompson HUG293 & Henderson

(BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Occurs in

Queensland in the north-west and on Cape

York Peninsula, as far south as Townsville, in

grassland or open woodland with grassy

understorey, on clay or clay loam soils near

creeks and watercourses. This variety appears

to be restricted to Australia. Map 5.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits January to June.

Discussion: Crotalaria montana and

C. linifolia L. are closely related and both

names appear in the Australian literature.

According to Verdcourt (1979), the Australian

material is correctly identified as C. montana.

Rudd (1991) distinguished the two species in

Sri Lanka by flower length: C. linifolia has

flowers c. 10 mm long and C. montana has

flowers c. 7 mm long. Examination of

photographs of the type material of C. linifolia

confirms that the flowers are c. 10 mm long,

longer than that of any Australian material. I

conclude therefore that C. linifolia sens. str.

does not occur in Australia.

Niyomdham (1978) described two

varieties of C. montana for Thailand: a. var.

montana which has calyx and standard limb

8-9 mm long, and b. var. angustifolia which

has calyx and standard limb 5-7 mm long.

According to this taxonomy, the Australian

material is correctly identified as C. montana

var. angustifolia.

The name Crotalaria exserta Domin was

never adopted but a distinct taxon fitting

Domin’s (1925) description occurs in

Queensland. According to Domin, C. exserta

differs from C. linifolia (C. montana ) “mainly

in the pod which is twice the length of the

calyx”. A number of robust specimens from

north-west Queensland have pods more than

8 mm long but in other respects these resemble

those of C. montana. Specimens with smaller

pods, 6-8 mm long, also occur in this area.

Pod lengths from 131 specimens were

measured. C. exserta represents one end of the

variation noted and is therefore here recognised

as a variety of C. montana.

Lectotypification: Domin cited two collections

in his protologue: a. “Mount Remarkable,

apud. opp. Pentland”, Mar 1910, K.Domin

(PR[PR527124]), and b. “in xerodrymio ad

pedem montis Metal Mountains, apud opp.

Chillagoe”, Feb 1910, K.Domin

(PR[PR527125]). Specimen b., which is more

complete, is here chosen as the lectotype.

Section D: New taxa

11. Crotalaria medicaginea Lam., Enc. 2: 201

(1786). Type: East India, Sonnerat

(holo: P-La., n.v.; photo: BRI).

Crotalaria trifoliastrum auct. non Willd.:

316

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

Bentham (1864, 183); Bailey (1900,

375) (see discussion below).

Annual or perennial herbs to 1 m; stem

pubescent. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets obovate,

oblanceolate or linear, 5-60 mm long, 0.5-10

mm wide, apex obtuse, truncate or emarginate;

upper surface glabrous; lower surface sparsely

pubescent; petiole 1-15 mm long, shorter than

leaflets; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1-5 mm

long. Racemes to 35 cm long; flowers 4-40;

bract linear-lanceolate, 1-2.5 mm long;

bracteoles 0.3-1.5 mm long, inserted on the

pedicel; pedicel 1-5 mm long. Calyx 2-4 mm

long, appressed pubescent; lobes triangular,

slightly longer than tube. Standard ovate,

obovate or suborbicular, acute or rounded, 3—

8 mm long, 2.5-7 mm wide, yellow, veins

reddish; wings oblong, 3-7 mm long, shorter

than keel; keel 3-8 mm long, beak twisted.

Pod sessile, subglobose to rhomboid, 3-5.5

mm long and wide, appressed-pubescent, beak

c. 1 mm long; seeds 2. Seed 1.5-2.5 mm long,

olive-brown or yellow.

Three varieties are recognised here.

Key to varieties of Crotalaria medicaginea

1. Leaflets 0.5-3 mm wide, L:W ratio 13-35:1.11c. var. linearis

Leaflets 1-10 mm wide, L:W ratio 2-15:1.2

2. Plants ascending, to 30 cm; calyx 2-3 mm long; keel 3-4.5 mm long; pod

3-4 mm long.11a. var. medicaginea

Plants mostly erect, to 1 m; calyx 2.5-4 mm long; keel 4-7.5 mm long;

pod 4-5.5 mm long.lib. var. neglecta

11a. Crotalaria medicaginea var. medicaginea

Illustration : Niyomdham (1978: 174, fig.

11, Bl)

Ascending herb to 30 cm high; much branched

from near base. Leaflet lamina obovate to

oblanceolate, 5-20 mm long, 2-8 mm wide,

L:W ratio 2-6:1, apex obtuse, truncate or

emarginate; stipules 1-2 mm long. Racemes to

9 cm long; bract 1-2 mm long; bracteoles 0.5-

1 mm long; pedicel 1-2 mm long. Calyx 2-3

mm long. Standard ovate, acute, 3-4.5 mm

long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide; keel 3-4.5 mm long.

Pod 3-4 mm long.

Selected specimens : Western Australia. Gibb River road,

c. 8 km S of turnoff to Mount House Station, May 1985, Aplin

1013 etal. (PERTH); Northern Territory. Katherine Gorge,

Jun 1970, Briggs 3689 (NSW); Cotton Island, May 1988,

Cowie 2975 (DNA); Port Essington, West Bay, Apr 1993,

Cowie 3426 (DNA); Blue Mud Bay, Benyella, May 1993,

Dunlop 9439 & Leach (DNA); Eva Valley Station, Mar 1991,

Evans 3640 (DNA); Melville Island, Apr 1986, Johnson 4182

(BRI); South Alligator River, 180 km E of Darwin, May 1974,

Pullen 9415 (CANB); Little Lagoon, Groote Eylandt, Apr

1948, Specht 250 (AD, BRI, MEL, NSW); Port Bradshaw,

Jul 1948, Specht 707 (AD, BRI, MEL, NSW); Delissaville,

Cox’s Peninsula, Mar 1948, Specht 136 (AD, BRI).

Queensland. Cook District: Lockerbie 10 miles [16 km]

WSWof Somerset, Apr 1948 ,Brass 18382 (BRI, CANB); c.

4.2 km SW of Herberton on Silver Valley road, May 1983,

Conn 1167 & Clarkson (BRI, MEL); 11.1 km S of Batavia

Downs on Peninsula Development road, Apr 1990, Clarkson

8287 & Neldner (BRI, NSW); Walsh River crossing c. 11

km NW of Rookwood Homestead, Jun 1983, Conn 1337

& de Campo (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); Yorkey’s Knob

Beach, near Cairns, Apr 1962, McKee 9015 (BRI, NSW);

Mappoon, near mouth of Wenlock River, Aug 1990,

Waterhouse BMW 1142A (BRI). North Kennedy District:

Junction of Cooloomon and Little Cooloomon Creeks, May

1962, Whitehouse s.n. (BRI); SFR 461 c. 5 km NW of

Cardwell, W of Mount Elphinstone, May 1976, Thorsbome

209 & Thorsbome (BRI). South Kennedy District: Myrtle

Creek, near Proserpine, undated, Michael 1166 (BRI);

Bowen, Mar 1999, Forster PIF 24199 & Booth (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Northern Australia,

from the W.A. coast, across the top of the N.T.

and on Cape York and the east coast of Qld as

far south as Bundaberg. Occurs mainly on the

coast and islands, in open eucalypt forests,

woodlands and grasslands and on coastal

dunes, in a variety of soils. Map 6.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits February to

September.

lib. Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta

(Wight & Arn.) Baker, in Hook.f., FI.

Br. Ind. 2 :81 (1816)-Crotalaria

neglecta Wight & Arn., Prod. FI. Pen.

Ind. Or. 1: 192 (1834). Type: India,

Wallich 5434 (holo: K; photo: BRI).

Crotalaria medicaginea var. australiensis

Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89 (2): 180

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

317

Map 6. Distribution of Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta.

(1925). Type: Brisbane River, Dietrich

915 (lecto, here designated: PR [PR

527137]; isolecto: NSW; photo: BRI).

Crotalaria medicaginea var. angustata

Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89 (2): 180

(1925). Type: Lappa Junction, Feb.

1910, K.Domin (lecto, here designated:

PR [PR 527148]; photo: BRI).

Illustrations : Hacker (1990: 119); Hardin

(ed.) (1994: 2: 521); Dunlop etal. (eds)

(1995: 63, fig. 19).

Erect herb to 1 m; stem usually single at base.

Leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, 5-40 mm

long, 1-10 mm wide, L:W ratio 2-15:1, apex

obtuse, truncate, or emarginate; stipules 1-5

mm long. Racemes to 35 cm long; bract 1-2.5

mm long; bracteoles 0.5-1.5 mm long; pedicel

1.5-5 mm long. Calyx 2.5-4 mm long.

Standard ovate to obovate or suborbicular, acute

or rounded, 5-8 mm long, 4-6 mm wide; keel

4-8 mm long. Pod 4-5.5 mm long.

Selected specimens : Western Australia. Upper Carawine

Gorge c. 1 km N of road crossing of main channel of Oakover

River, Aug 1977, Barker 2077 (AD, PERTH); 103 miles

[165 km] E of Langely’s crossing on Fitzroy River, May

1967, Bennett 1936 (CANB, PERTH); On the plateau just

above the Ord River near Ivanhoe Crossing 10.5 km NNW

of Kununurra, Apr 1977, Eichler 22178 (CANB, DNA,

PERTH); 19 miles [30 km] SSW of Mabel Downs Station,

Apr 1955, Lazarides 5059 (BRI, PERTH); Kimberley

Research Station, Jul 1952, Perry 3037 (BRI, CANB, DNA,

M ET. , PERTH). Northern Territory. 13 miles [21 km] S of

White Quartz Hill Homestead, Aug 1959, Chippendale

NT6526 (AD, BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL, PERTH);

318

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

McArthur River area, Amelia Springs, Jan 1976, Craven

3532 (CANB, DNA); Palm Valley, Dec 1968, Latz 396 (AD,

CANB, DNA); 15 km NNW of Seven Emu, May 1985,

Leach 637 (CANB, DNA, MEL); 15 miles [24 km] N of

Katherine, Feb 1961 , McKee 8552 (DNA, NSW); 17 miles

[27 km] E of Pine Creek, Apr 1962, Nelson 211 (AD, DNA,

MEL); Edith River Siding 0.5 miles [0.8 km] NW, Jan 1965,

Wilson 221 (BRI, CANB, NSW). Queensland. Burke

District: 9 m il es [14 km] N of Mount Isa on Barkly Hwy,

Jul 1974, Kratzing PO 1185 & Ollerenshaw (BRI, CANB).

Cook District: Newcastle Range, 64 km from Mount

Surprise on Georgetown road, Mar 1988, Forster PIF 3815

(BRI). North Kennedy District: Pentland, Jan 1982, Pedley

4815 A (BRI, CANB, MEL). Leichhardt District: Allambie

near Springsure, Feb 1960, Johnson 1295 (BRI, CANB).

Mitchell District: End of Poison Valley road, White

Mountains N.P., Apr 1992, Bean 4337 (BRI). PORT Curtis

District: 25.5 km by road SW of Rockhampton from Mount

Morgan turnoff, on Bruce Hwy, Feb 1987, McKenzie 19

(BRI). Gregory North: Douglas Downs c. 55 miles [88 km]

W of Dajarra, Sep 1951, EveristAAlR (AD, BRI). Maranoa

District. Mount Debateable, Jun 1915, Bick s.n. (BRI,

NSW). Moreton District: Alice Creek, 7.5 km ESE of

Murphy’s Creek rail siding, Aug 1990, Forster PIF 7108

(BRI, NSW, MEL). New South Wales. Taree, Jun 1964,

Noonan s.n. (NSW). South Australia. Mount Woodward,

May 1983, Bates 3080 (AD); 59 km SE of Bedford Downs

Station, Jun 1975, Symon 10317 (AD).

Distribution and habitat: Widespread across

northern Australia from North-West Cape in

W.A., throughout the N.T. and throughout

Qld. Also in a few places in northern N.S.W.,

as far south as Taree. Occurs mostly in open

Eucalyptus and Acacia woodland or grassland,

on hillsides, creek banks and gullies, usually

in sandy or gravelly soil. Map 7.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits most of the year.

11c. Crotalaria medicaginea var. linearis

A.E.Holland, var. nov., a varietatibus

Map 7. Distribution of Crotalaria medicaginea var. medicaginea # and Crotalaria medicaginea var. linearis ♦.

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

319

ceteris foliolis angustioribus 0.5-3 mm

latis et L:W ratione 13-35:1 differt.

Typus: Queensland. Burke District: 70

km NW of Hughenden, 22 Mar 1993,

E.J. Thompson HUG 350 & R.J.

Henderson (holo: BRI).

Erect slender herb to 60 cm; stem usually single

at base. Leaflets linear, 15-60 mm long, 0.5-3

mm wide, L:W ratio 13-35:1, apex acute;

stipules 0.5-2 mm long. Racemes to 24 cm

long; bract 1-2 mm long; bracteoles 0.3-0.5

mm long; pedicel 1.5-3 mm long. Calyx 2-3

mm long. Standard ovate, acute, 5-7 mm long,

c. 5 mm wide; keel 5-7 mm long. Pod 3.5-4.5

mm long.

Specimens examined : Queensland. Burke District:

Croydon, Aug 1936, Blake 12453 (BRI); About halfway

between Croydon and “Esmeralda”, Jul 1954, Blake 19603

(BRI); Between the Norman and Gilbert Rivers, 1874,

Gulliver 75 (MEL); 23 km NW of Corinda Homestead,

Westmoreland road, May 1974, Jacobs 1504 (CANB,

NSW); Between Normanton and Kuranda, May 1976,

Scarth-Johnson 128A (BRI). Cook District: Cairns, May

1960, Lavers s.n. (BRI). North Kennedy District: Gorge

Creek, on old Pentland-Torrens Creek road, Apr 1989,

Cumming 8966 (BRI). South Kennedy District: Cape River

Crossing, 266 km N of Clermont, Charters Towers road, Jul

1983, Hacker BH327 (BRI); Darkies Range, 20 km NNE

of Yarrowmere, Jun 1991, Thompson 94 & Henderson

(BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Occurs only in north¬

western Qld, from the border to Charters

Towers. Grows in Melaleuca seasonal swamps

or open Eucalyptus woodland, often on creek

banks, in sandy soil. Map 7.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits from March to

August.

Discussion: Crotalaria trifoliastrum Willd. is

a name that has been variously applied in the

Australian literature (summarised by Lee

1978). Lee concluded that C. trifoliastrum is

an “erect, large-flowered subshrub of limited

geographical range in India” and that the

Australian material is correctly referred to

C. medicaginea. Examination of photographs

of the type specimen of C. trifoliastrum and

further specimens at Kew (examined by Les

Pedley and Rod Seppelt) has confirmed Lee’s

description of C. trifoliastrum as a subshrub

with large flowers c. 10 mm long. However,

Lee did not mention, and perhaps did not see,

specimens from north Queensland which also

have large flowers, similar to those of

C. trifoliastrum (C. aridicola - see below).

Specimens of C. trifoliastrum examined at Kew

also had consistently long petioles (longer than

the leaflets), an observation which appears in

Willdenow’s original description (1802) as well

as descriptions by Wight & Arnott (1834) and

Baker (1879). Australian material of both C.

aridicola and C. medicaginea has petioles

consistently shorter than the leaflets and the

name C. trifoliastrum is therefore not applied

to Australian material at this time.

Crotalaria medicaginea Lam. has been

applied to a widespread taxon occurring in S.E.

Asia and India. Baker (1879) described 3

varieties in it: a. var. herniarioides (Wight &

Arn.) Baker (stem prostrate, leaflets small,with

L:Wratio c. 1:1, peduncles short 1-3 flowered);

b. var. neglecta (Wight & Am.) Baker (robust,

ascending, racemes of 6-9 flowers, leaflets

larger); c. var. luxurians (Benth.) Baker (stem

2-3 feet, petiole Vi inch, terminal leaflet % -1

inch, racemes of 6-12 flowers). Niyomdham

(1978) and others placed var. luxurians in var.

neglecta and it is this taxonomy which is

followed here. The type material of Domin’s

var. australiensis and var. angustata, is not

distinguishable from that of var. neglecta.

Theses names are therefore treated as

synonyms of C. medicaginea var. neglecta

here. However, because of the many syntypes

cited by Domin, lectotypification for these

names is presented here.

Lectotypification: C. medicaginea var.

australiensis. Ten collections cited by Domin

in his protologue: a. Tambourine Mts, Mar

1910, K.Domin (not seen); b. Brisbane River,

A. Dietrich 915, (PR [PR 527137]); ditto, 2784

(not seen); ditto, 1358 (not seen), NSW; c.

Rockhampton, Dietrich s.n. (not seen); d. Emu

Park, Rockhampton, Mar 1910, K. Domin (PR,

2 sheets [PR527138, PR527141]); e. Pentland,

Feb-Mar 1910, K.Domin (PR [PR527140]); f.

Hughenden, Feb-Mar 1910, K.Domin (not

seen); g. Barcaldine, Feb-Mar 1910, K.Domin

(PR [PR 527145]); h. Flinders River bei

Hughenden, Feb-Mar 1910, K.Domin (PR

[PR527139]). Specimen b. is here chosen as

lectotype. It best represents the coastal form of

C. medicaginea var. neglecta , which has

slightly broader leaflets than do inland forms.

320

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

C. medicaginea var. angustata. Two

syntypes were cited by Domin in his

protologue: a. Chillagoe district, Feb 1910,

K.Domin (PR, 2 sheets [PR527149,

PR527147]) and b. Lappa Junction, Feb 1910,

K.Domin (PR [PR 527148]). Specimen b. is

here chosen as lectotype. It represents the

northern form of C. medicaginea var. neglecta,

which has smaller leaflets.

12. Crotalaria aridicola Domin, Biblioth. Bot.

89 (2): 180 (1925). Type: Queensland,

“in colle Metal Mountains apud opp.

Chillagoe”, Feb 1910, K.Domin (lecto,

here designated: PR [PR527150]; photo:

BRI) (see discussion below).

Erect perennial herb or subshrub to 1 m; stem

pubescent, hairs spreading or appressed.

Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets obovate to

oblanceolate, 7-50 mm long, 1-15 mm wide,

apex acute, obtuse or emarginate; upper surface

glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lower surface

sparsely to densely pubescent; petiole 3-15 mm

long, shorter than leaflets; stipules linear, 1.5-

6 mm long. Racemes to 30 cm long; flowers

3-50; bract linear-lanceolate, 1.5-5 mm long;

bracteoles 1-2 mm long, inserted on the

pedicel; pedicel 2-5.5 mm long. Calyx 3.5-7

mm long, pubescent; lobes narrowly triangular,

longer than tube. Corolla longer than the calyx,

yellow, veins reddish; standard ovate or

suborbicular, acute or obtuse, 8-14 mm long

and wide; wings oblong, shorter than keel; keel

7-14 mm long, beak twisted. Pod sessile,

rhomboid, 5-7 mm long and wide, densely

pubescent, beak 1-3 mm long; seeds 2. Seed

1.5-2.8 mm long, oblique cordiform, dark

brown.

Three subspecies are recognised here.

Key to subspecies of Crotalaria aridicola

1. Leaves crowded on stem; leaflets 1-5 mm wide, L:W ratio 5-32:1 .... 12c. subsp. densifolia

Leaves not crowded; leaflets 3-8 mm wide; L:W ratio 2-5:1.2

2. Indumentum on stems, pods and lower surface of leaflets spreading,

hairs 0.5-1 mm long.

Indumentum on stems, pods and lower surface of leaves appressed,

hairs 0.1-0.5 mm long.

12a. Crotalaria aridicola Domin subsp.

aridicola

Stem densely pubescent; hairs spreading, 0.5-

1 mm long. Leaflets obovate to oblanceolate,

12-33 mm long, 3-15 mm wide, LAV ratio 2-

5, obtuse or emarginate; upper surface sparsely

pubescent; lower surface densely pubescent,

veins obscure. Calyx 5-7 mm long, densely

pubescent; lobes nearly twice the length of the

tube. Standard broadly ovate, acute, 9-10 mm

long, 7-8 mm wide, wings 8-9 mm long; keel

9-12 mm long. Pod densely pubescent; beak

2-3 mm long. Fig. 4A-C.

Selected specimens: Queensland. Cook District:

Chillagoe, Apr 1938, Blake 13635 (BRI); 10 km SE of

Mungana on Burke Development road, Feb 1980, Clarkson

2830 (BRI); Copperfield River, Kidston Goldmine Water

Supply dam, Gilbert Range, Feb 1994, Forster PIF 14779

(BRI); 10 km from Almaden on road to Mount Surprise, Jan

1992, Forster PIF 9588 (BRI); 90 km from Georgetown,

Mount Surprise road, Jul 1983, Hacker BH373 (BRI); 8

km from Fynd, Einasleigh-Forsyth road, Jul 1983, Hacker

BH353 (BRI); Mutchilba, Jan 1962, Pedley 4833 (BRI);

12a. subsp. aridicola

12b. subsp. glabrata

Near Chillagoe, Jan 1982, Pedley 4852 (BRI); Burlington

Station, Feb 1950, Ryley s.n. (BRI); 10 km NE of

Ravenswood, Feichhardt Range, Sep 1991, Thompson 501

(BRI); Burke District: Townley Homestead, river flat of

Robertson River, Nov 1981, Mitchell s.n. (BRI); Near

Burketown, May 1976, Scarth-Johnson 28A(BRI); North

Kennedy District: Maidavale, E of Mingela, Apr 1991, Bean

2953 (BRI); Cardington, c. 40 mil es [64 km] S of Townsville,

May 1954, Everist 5519 (BRI); Harvey’s Range road, 19

km SW Keelbottom Creek crossing, Apr 1980, Williams

80003 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Occurs in north

Queensland from Burketown to Mount Carbine

and as far south as Ravenswood. Grows on hill

slopes in open Eucalyptus woodland on sandy

or loamy soils usually derived from granite or

limestone, often in disturbed areas. Map 8.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits most of the year.

12b. Crotalaria aridicola subsp. glabrata

A.E.Holland, subsp. nov. a subsp.

aridicola pilis brevioribus appressis 0.1-

0.5 mm longis differt et a subsp.

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

321

Fig. 4. A-C: C. aridicola subsp. aridicola. A. leaf x 2. B. standard petal x 4. C. pod x 4. D,E: Crotalaria aridicola subsp.

glabrata. D. leaf x 2. E. standard petal x 4. F, G: Crotalaria aridicola subsp. densifolia. F. leaf x 2. G. standard petal x 4. A-

C: Clarkson 7940 (BRI). D,E: Clarkson 3034 (BRI). F,G: Maconochie 577 (BRI).

densifolia foliolis latioribus (3-9 mm

latis et L:W ratione 2-5:1) differt. Typus:

Queensland. Burke District: Lawn Hill

National Park, Colless Creek, Apr 1997,

P.I.Forster PIF 20890 & A.E.Holland

(holo: BRI; iso: DNA, MEL).

Stem moderately to densely pubescent or nearly

glabrous; hairs appressed, to 0.5 mm long.

Leaflets obovate, 7-28 mm long, 3-9 mm wide,

L:W ratio 2-5:1, apex obtuse or emarginate;

upper surface glabrous; lower surface appressed

pubescent, veins visible. Calyx 4-6 mm long,

appressed pubescent; lobes slightly longer than

the tube. Standard ovate to suborbicular, acute

or obtuse, 9-14 mm long, 7-14 mm wide;

wings 8-13 mm long; keel 8-14 mm long. Pod

appressed pubescent; beak 2-3 mm long. Fig.

4D-E.

Selected specimens: Queensland. Burke District: Lost

City, 2.7 km S of Ridgepole Waterhole, 27 km E of

Musselbrook Mining Camp, 17.5 km N of Camooweal,

Johnson MRS268 & Thomas (BRI, MEL); E of Jump-up

33.6 km E of Musselbrook Mining Camp, 175 km N of

Camooweal-Lawn Hill N.R, May 1995, Johnson MRS 1000

& Thomas (BRI, DNA); Gulf of Carpentaria, undated,

322

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

tB 3

; \

) s

1 ft .

A? S

Tiv- a_

)

jfL* 4,

u3L

n --

Map 8. Distribution of Crotalaria aridicola subsp. aridicola #, Crotalaria aridicola subsp. glabrata ♦ and Crotalaria

aridicola subsp. densifolia ■ •

Landsborough [MEL2038697] (MEL); Adels’s Grove, via

Camooweal, undated, de Lestang 273 (BRI); Cook District:

Chillagoe, near “Dorothy” Mine, May 1983, Godwin C2444

(BRI); Chillagoe Station, Mungana, May 1983, Lewis s.n.

(BRI). North Kennedy District: Townsville, undated, Betche

1901 (NSW); Magnetic Island, Horseshoe Bay, Mar 1935,

Blake 8274 (BRI, CANB); Palleranda Town Common, Jan

1962, Copeman 30 (BRI); 2 km SSE of Wunjunga, Mar

1989, Camming 8722 (BRI); Heatley’s Parade, Jan 1964,

Jackes 3 (AD, BRI); Magnetic Island, undated, Cleveland

Bay, Gulliver 1886 (MEL); Townsville Town Common, Jan

1968, Henderson H 330 (BRI); Saunders Beach, 18 km NW

of Townsville, Apr 1975, McDonald 1442 & Batianoff

(BRI).

Distribution and habitat: Occurs across

northern Queensland, from Mussellbrook

(north of Camooweal), to Cape Pallaranda near

Townsville. Grows in open Corymbia,

Eucalyptus and Terminalia woodland on

shallow stony or sandy soil, often in limestone

areas. Map 8.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits from December

to May.

12c. Crotalaria aridicola susbp. densifolia

A.E.Holland, subsp. nov. a subspeciebus

ceteris foliolis angustioribus (1-5 mm

latis et L:W ratione 5-32:1) differt.

Typus: Northern Territory. 21 miles [34

km] S Elliott, Stuart Hwy, Feb 1969, J.

Must 361 (holo: CANB; iso: BRI, DNA).

Stem often woody, sparsely pubescent; hairs

appressed, to 0.5 mm long. Leaves crowded

on stem; leaflet lamina linear to narrowly

oblong, 10-50 mm long, 1-5 mm wide, L:W

Holland, a review of Crotalaria

323

ratio 5-32:1, apex obtuse or acute; upper

surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lower

surface appressed pubescent, veins visible.

Calyx 3.5-6 mm long, appressed pubescent;

lobes slightly longer than tube. Standard

broadly ovate to suborbicular, rounded, 8-12

mm long and wide; wings 7.5-9 mm long; keel

7-11 mm long. Pod appressed pubescent; beak

1-2 mm long. Fig. 4F-G.

Selected specimens: Western Australia. 14.8 km S of Great

Northern Hwy, 62 km SSW of Derby, Jun 1976, Beauglehole

53026 (PERTH); E boundary track on Mirima N.P., Jan

1994, Graham 15 (PERTH); Headwaters of Packsaddle

Creek, northern Carr Boyd Range, Mar 1978, Hartley 14333

(CANB, PERTH); c. 80 km E of Broome on Broome-Derby

road, May 1967, Jackson 970 (CANB); Road to Kununurra

from CSIRO Research Station, Jan 1968, Leuteri 50 (CANB,

PERTH); Kununurra-Carlton Station road, Apr 1977, Pullen

10.900 (CANB, PERTH); Kununurra, Jun 1975, Symon

10324 (AD, PERTH). Northern Territory. 10 miles [16

km] N Maryfield Homestead, Mar 1969, Byrnes 1409 (BRI,

DNA); Gregory N.P, c. 28 km SW of Bullita Outstation on

direct line of East Baines River, Apr 1996, Coles 87 (MEL);

27.7 miles [44.3 km] N Larrimah, May 1960, Chippendale

NT6976 (DNA, CANB, MEL); 4.8 km N of Newcastle

Waters, Jul 1974, Carr 2677 (DNA, MEL); 32 km from

Renner Springs on Elliot road, Jun 1973, Gittins 2554 (BRI,

DNA, NSW); 1.5 km W of No. 7 Bore, Newcastle Waters

Station, Henshall 2594 (CANB, DNA); Elbot, Stuart Hwy,

25 Aug 1993, Lally 107 (CANB, DNA); c. 83 km NE of

Green Swamp Well No.4, Aug 1986, Leach 874 (AD, BRI,

CANB); Keep River N.P, Flying Fox Creek, Sep 1992,

Munns 46 (DNA); 21 km SW Humbert River, Wickham

Gorge, Jul 1977, Parker 1021 (DNA, CANB); 15 miles [24

km] N of Helen Springs, Sep 1947, Perry 127 (CANB);

Claravale, Mar 194, Robinson D384 (DNA). Queensland.

Burke District: Camooweal, Aug 1968, Pocock s.n. (AD).

Distribution and habitat. Across northern

Australia from Broome in W.A., across the N.T.

and as far east as Camooweal near the Qld-

N.T. border. Occurs in low open woodland or

herbland associated with Acacia, Eucalyptus

and Triodia, in red sandy soil or clay loam on

sandy plains or rocky creek beds. Map 8.

Phenology : Flowers and fruits all year.

Discussion: Crotalaria aridicola subsp.

aridicola is very densely hairy with spreading

hairs. The two new subspecies, Crotalaria

aridicola subsp. glabrata and C. aridicola

subsp. densifolia, are distinguished by their

short appressed indumentum. Both have

leaflets with a glabrous or nearly glabrous

upper surface. Crotalaria aridicola subsp.

densifolia is distinguished by the crowded

leaves and narrow leaflets. The three subspecies

have somewhat overlapping distributions (see

map 8).

Crotalaria aridicola, as presently understood,

is endemic in Australia but is closely related

to C. trifoliastrum, differing from that species

by its petioles which are shorter than the leaflets

(see discussion under C. medicaginea ).

Crotalaria aridicola subsp. densifolia

superficially resembles C. willdenowiana DC.

but this species has smaller flowers (6-8 mm

long) and pods (c. 4 mm long).

Lectotypification: Three collections were cited

by Domin in his protologue of Crotalaria

aridicola, all from the Chillagoe area; a. “in

den Savannenwaldern zwishen Chillagoe und

den Metal Mtns”, Feb 1910, K.Domin (PR, 2

sheets [PR527150 and PR527151]); b. auf

Karstkalk des Smelling Bluff’, Feb 1910,

K.Domin (PR [PR527152]); c. “Calficer etc.”,

Feb 1910, K.Domin (PR [PR527153]). The

specimen from collection a., sheet PR527150,

is the largest and most complete specimen of

the taxon and is here chosen as the lectotype

of Domin’s name.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Will Smith for providing

the illustrations and Peter Bostock who assisted

with translating Latin and setting up label

databases and providing the maps. My thanks

go also to Les Pedley, Rod Seppelt and Bob

Chinnock who located and photographed type

specimens, and made observations on Indian

and Asian material at K, BM and P for me. I

would also like to thank Paul Forster and Les

Pedley for remarks upon the manuscript and

Tracey Spokes who assisted in dealing with

the thousands of C. cunninghamii specimens

in particular. Andrew Mitchell, Keith

McDonald and Paul Forster also assisted with

field collections in different parts of Australia.

I am grateful to the directors of AD, CANB,

DNA, HO, K, MEL, NSW, P, PERTH and PR

for the loan of specimens, and to the many

others who contributed material and comments

during the study. This study was partly funded

by a grant provided by the Australian Biological

Resources Study.

324

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 293-324 (2002)

References

Bailey, F.M. (1900). Flora of Queensland 2: 371-377.

Brisbane: H.J.Diddams & Co.

Baker, J. G. (1879), in J.D.Hooker. Flora of British India

2:65-85. London: Reeve & Co.

Bentham, G. (1864). Flora Australiensis 2: 178-184.

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Brown, R. (1849), in C. Sturt. Expedition into central

Australia 2 App. (70 and 71).

Cunningham, G.M. et al. (1981). PI. Western New South

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Davis, P.H. & Heywood V.H. (1963). Principles of

Angiosperm Taxonomy. Edinburgh and London:

Oliver & Boyd.

De Munk, W. J. (1962). Preliminary revisions of some genera

of Malaysian Papilionaceae 3 - A census of the genus

Crotalaria. Reinwardtia 6 : 195-223.

Domin, K. (1925). Beitrage Zur Flora und

Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca

Botanica 89 (2): 179-180.

Dunlop, C.R., Leach G.J. & Cowie I.D. (1995), FI. Darwin

Region 2: 58-66. Darwin: Conservation

Commission of the Northern Territory.

Everist, S.L. (1974). Poisonous Plants of Australia. Sydney:

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Fitzgerald, W.V. (1918). The botany of the Kimberleys

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Grimes, J.W. (1997). A revision of Cullen (Leguminosae:

Papilionoideae), Aust. Syst. Bot. 10: 565-648.

Hacker, J.B. (1990). A Guide to Herbaceous and Shrub

Legumes of Queensland. Hong Kong: Silex

Enterprise & Printing Co.

Harden, G.W. (ed.) (1994), FI. New South Wales 2: 516-

522. Kensington: New South Wales University

Press.

Hooker, W. J. (1852). leones Plantarum 9, plate 829.

London: Reeves & Co.

Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981). FI. Central Australia 152-155.

Sydney: A.H. & A.W.Reed Pty Ltd.

-, J.P. & Toelken H.R. (eds) (1986). FI. S. Australia 2:

700-703. Adelaide: South Australian Government

Printing Division.

Lee, A.T. (1978). Some species of Crotalaria in Australia,

Telopea 1 (5): 319-356.

Mueller, F. (1862). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae

3:52. Melbourne: Government Printer.

Niyomdham, C. (1978). A revision of the genus Crotalaria

L. (Papilionaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest

Bulletin. 11: 105-181.

Pedley, L. (1999). Desmodium Desv. (Fabaceae) and related

genera in Australia: a taxonomic revision.

Austrobaileya 5(2): 209-261.

Polhill, R.M. (1982). Crotalaria L. in Africa and

Madagascar. Rotterdam: A. A.Balkema.

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Halberstadt: Yogler.

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Berlin: GC.Nauck.

Oldenlandia intonsa (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Northern

Territory

David A. Halford

Summary

Halford, D. (2002). Oldenlandia intonsa (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Northern Territory.

Austrobaileya 6(2): 325-327 . Oldenlandia intonsa, a new species closely related to O. thysanota, is

described and illustrated. Notes on habitat and distribution are provided.

Keyword: Oldenlandia intonsa, Rubiaceae, Northern Territory.

David Halford, c/ - Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens

Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

The examination of some unidentified

Oldenlandia collections while on a visit to the

National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL) in

March 2000, led to the identification of a

specimen from Kakadu National Park,

Northern Territory that did not match any of

the previously described species of Oldenlandia

in Australia (Halford 1992). The specimen was

superficially similar to O. thysanota but

differed in a number of key characters that are

detailed below.

Taxonomy

Oldenlandia intonsa Halford, sp. nov. affinis

maxime arete O. thysanota autem indumento

hispido (± glabro in O. thysanota ), corollae

tubo lobisque brevioribus, tubo 2.5-2.7 mm

longo (5-7.5 mm in O. thysanota ) et lobis 2.8-

3 mm longis (3.5-5.5 mm in O. thysanota ),

sepalis anguste triangularis (vice linearibus)

corollae marginibus loborum glabris non

fimbriatus differt. Typus: Northern Territory.

Kakadu National Park, Kakadu Highway, 1.2

km E of entrance to Mary River Ranger Station,

28 April 1990, A.V. Slee 2950 & LA. Craven

(holo: MEL)

Diffuse annual, dichotomously branched

from base. Branchlets erect or ascending,

slender, terete, hispidulous. Hairs simple,

spreading unicellular, 0.1-0.5 mm long.

Accepted for publication 13 November 2001

Leaves opposite, sessile, linear-lanceolate, 10-

15 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, acute at apex,

erect hairs on upper surface and along midrib

below, with margin somewhat recurved

especially towards base; midvein prominent

below. Stipules fused and adnate to the leaf

base; stipule-sheath 0.5-1.3 mm long, sparsely

hairy, produced into single lobe, with entire

margins. Inflorescences 1 or 2 times

dichasially branched then monochasial cymes.

Bracts small, leaf-like at nodes, up to 7 mm

long. Flowers mostly in pairs at nodes of

cymes, on unequal pedicels. Pedicels 0.4-4.5

mm long. Hypanthium globose, c. 0.9 mm

diameter, hispidulous. Calyx lobes 4, narrowly

triangular, 1.7-2.1 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide,

shortly connate at base; sinus between lobes

acute, colleters absent. Corolla white, with

faint purple spots at the base of lobes,

hypocrateriform; tube 2.5-2.7 mm long,

slightly wider distally, glabrous inside, glabrous

or with a few hairs outside; throat glabrous,

callose; lobes 4, ovate-elliptic, 2.8-3.0 mm

long, c. 1.8 mm wide, with glabrous margin,

adaxial surface with a sparse covering of simple

hairs . Stamens exserted; filaments c. 2 mm

long, erect, reflexed with age; anthers linear,

c. 0.7 mm long. Style exserted from tube when

mature, c. 4.0 mm long; stigma bifid; lobes

filiform, c. 0.9 mm long, twisted, glandular

hairy; placenta fleshy, peltately attached to

septum; ovules c. 15/locule. Capsule

crustaceous, globose, c. 1.8 mm diameter,

hispid, persistent calyx lobes 1.7-3.5 mm long;

326

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 325-327 (2002)

beak slightly raised, rounded, splitting

loculicidally. Seeds squat-angular, c. 0.5 mm

across, truncate at apex; testa faintly reticulate

black. Fig 1.

Specimens examined : only known from type collection.

Distribution and habitat : O. intonsa is known

only from Kakadu National Park. Recorded

as occurring in pale brown sandy soil in

Eucalyptus tetrodonta forest with tall acacias.

Phenology: Flowers and fruits have been

recorded in April.

Affinities: Oldenlandia intonsa seems most

closely related to O. thysanota but differs from

that by the hispid indumentum, its shorter

corolla tube and corolla lobes, in the shape of

its calyx lobes, and its glabrous corolla lobe

margins. These major differences are

summarised in Table 1.

Table 1. Morphological comparison of Oldenlandia intonsa and O. thysanota.

Character

O. intonsa

O. thysanota

indumentum

hispidulous

± glabrous

corolla tube length (mm)

2.5-2.7

5-7.5

corolla lobe length (mm)

2.8-3.0

3.5-5.5

corolla lobe margin

glabrous

fimbriate

calyx lobes (shape)

narrowly triangular

linear

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived

from the Latin intonsus (unshaven) and refers

to the indumentum that is conspicuous on the

branchlets and fruits.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to the Director of MEL for access

to the herbarium and loan of the specimen. I

wish to thank Will Smith (BRI) for the

illustration, Les Pedley for the Latin diagnosis,

and Gordon Guymer, Director, Queensland

Herbarium (BRI) allowing access to the

facilities at BRI.

Reference

Halford, D. (1992). Review of the genus Oldenlandia L.

(Rubiaceae) and related genera in Australia.

Austrobaileya 3(4): 683-721.

Halford, Oldenlandia intonsa

327

Fig. 1 . Oldenlandia intonsa. A. habit, x 0.5. B. flower, x 8. C. fruit, x 8. A-C from Slee & Craven 2950 (MEL). Del. W.

Smith.

Phyllanthera takeuchiana (Apocynaceae: Periplocoideae), a new species

from Papua New Guinea

Paul I. Forster

Summary

Forster, Paul I. (2001). Phyllanthera takeuchiana (Apocynaceae, Periplocoideae), a new species from Papua

New Guinea. Austrobaileya 6(2): 329-331. The new species Phyllanthera takeuchiana P.LForst. is described

and illustrated. It is known from a single collection from Lake Lamu in the Gulf Province of Papua New

Guinea. Differences between P takeuchiana and P. multinervosa (P.I.Forst.) Venter are outlined.

Keywords: Phyllanthera takeuchiana; Papua New Guinea; Phyllanthera multinervosa; Apocynaceae;

Periplocoideae; Asclepiadaceae

Paul Forster, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens

Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

A conspectus of the Malesian taxa of

Cryptolepis R.Br. has been provided by Forster

(1993), wherein some seven species were

enumerated with five occurring in New Guinea.

These species were classified into two

subgenera, C. subgenus Cryptolepis and

C. subgenus Phyllanthera (Blume) P.I.Forst.

Four of the New Guinea species and the single

Australian species (C. grayi P.I.Forst.), have

now been formally transferred into

Phyllanthera Blume by Venter in Venter &

Verhoeven (2001). Both Phyllanthera and

Cryptolepis are considered worthy of generic

distinction by these authors, a morphologically

based decision with which I concur. A recent

collection (1996) by Wayne Takeuchi of a

Phyllanthera from Lake Lamu in the Gulf

Province represents a further species in this

genus and is formally described herein.

Phyllanthera takeuchiana P.I.Forst., sp. nov.

affinis Phyllantherae multinervosae

P.I.Forst., a qua lamina folii venatione

tertiaria obscura (adversum obscure

visibilem), corolla campanulato-rotata,

lobis elliptico-ovatis 9-11 mm longis 5-

6 mm latis et intus papillosis, papillis

brevis (< 0.3 mm longis) toti paginae

praeter vittam 1 mm latum circum aciem

insidentibus (adversum corollam

profunde rotatam, lobis lanceolato-

Accepted for publication 25 January 2002

falcatis 13-14 mm longis 2.5-3 mm latis,

intus dense papillosis, papillas longiores

(ad 1 mm longis) in vitta angusta parte

media gerentibus), gynostegio columnae

insidenti (adversum sessile) et

appendicibus antherae late flabellatis

(non oblongo-acutis) differt. Typus:

Papua New Guinea. Gulf Province: Lake

Lamu, east branch of the Avi Avi River,

7°44’S, 146°29’E, 26 Oct. 1996,

W.Takeuchi 11451 & J.Kulang (holo:

BRI. [1 sheet + spirit]; iso: LAE n.v.).

Liane, latex white. Stems cylindrical, up to

several metres long, glabrous when young,

lenticellate when old; internodes up to 50 mm

long and 2 mm diameter, light-brown. Stipules

linear-lanceolate, several at internodes, 0.8-1

mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, dark brown. Leaves

petiolate; petiole 4-6 mm long, c. 1 mm

diameter, grooved along top; lamina elliptic-

oblong to lanceolate-ovate, coriaceous, 50-85

mm long, 15-35 mm wide, discolorous, upper

surface dark dull-green, venation obscure,

lower surface pale green to glaucescent,

venation prominent; secondary lateral veins

34-36 per side of midrib at c. 90 degrees,

tertiary venation obscure; tip long-acuminate;

base rounded. Cymes 15-40 mm long, with 1

or 2 fascicles of flowers; peduncle 5-8 mm

long, c. 8 mm diameter, glabrous; bracts

triangular-lanceolate, 0.7-0.8 mm long, 0.6-

0.7 mm wide, glabrous. Flowers 6-10 mm

330

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 329-331 (2002)

long, 12-20 mm diameter; pedicels 5-7 mm

long, c. 1 mm diameter, glabrous; sepals

triangular, c. 1.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide,

glabrous; corolla campanulate-rotate, tube

much reduced, externally off-white with a faint

red tinge, internally light red, turning cream

towards the centre; lobes elliptic-ovate, 9-11

mm long, 5-6 mm wide, externally glabrous,

internally papillose with very short papillae (<

0.3 mm long) over the entire surface but not

for c. 1 mm around the left-hand edge when

viewed from centre of flower. Gynostegium c.

3 mm long and 4 mm diameter, on a short

column c. 2 mm long; filaments c. 1.5 mm

long, flattened, c. 0.3 mm wide at base and 0.5

mm wide at apex; anthers c. 1.5 mm long and

1.5 mm wide, appendages broadly flabellate;

style-head c. 1 mm diameter. Fruit and seed

not seen. Fig. 1.

Notes: Phyllanthera takeuchiana appears to

be most closely allied to P. multinervosa

(P.I.Forst.) Venter that is only known from Lake

Kutubu in the Southern Highlands Province

of Papua New Guinea (Forster 1993).

P. takeuchiana differs from

P multinervosa in the obscure tertiary venation

in the leaf lamina (versus visible), the

campanulate-rotate corolla with elliptic-ovate

lobes that are 9-11 mm long and 5-6 mm wide

and internally papillose with short (< 0.3 mm

long) papillae over the entire surface apart from

a 1 mm band around the left-hand edge (versus

a deeply rotate corolla with lanceolate-falcate

lobes that are 13-14 mm long and 2.5-3 mm

wide and internally densely papillose with long

(to 1 mm ) papillae in a narrow band in the

middle), the gynostegium on a column (versus

sessile) and the anther appendages being

broadly flabellate (versus oblong-acute). Using

the key of Forster (1993), P. takeuchiana will

key to P. multinervosa, but can be

distinguished by the characters outlined above.

Distribution and habitat: Phyllanthera

takeuchiana is only known from the type

locality where it was collected from rainforest

surrounding a lake at c. 100 m altitude.

Etymology: The specific epithet honours Dr.

Wayne Takeuchi collector of the type specimen

and who has made a number of interesting

collections of Asclepiadoideae in New Guinea.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Wayne Takeuchi for the plant

material, Will Smith for the illustrations and

Peter Bostock for translation of the diagnosis

into Latin and comments on the manuscript.

References

Forster, P.I. (1993). Conspectus of Cryptolepis R.Br.

(Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae) in Malesia.

Austrobaileya 4: 61-73.

Venter, H.J.T. & Verhoeven, R.L. (2001). Diversity and

relationships within the Periplocoideae

(Apocynaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical

Garden 88: 550-568.

Forster, Phyllanthera takeuchiana

331

Fig. 1. Phyllanthera takeuchiana. A. undersurface of leaf showing venation, x 1. B. flowering inflorescence, x 2. C. bud. x

2. D. face view of flower, x 3. E. side view of flower, x 3. F. staminal column (gynostegium). x 9. G. rearview of anther showing

flabellate head, x 12. H. corolla lobe showing distribution of papillae, x 6. All from Takeuchi 11451 (BRI). Del. W. Smith.

A new species of Eupomatia R.Br. (Eupomatiaceae) from Queensland

L.W. Jessup

Summary

Jessup, L.W. (2002). A new species of Eupomatia R.Br. (Eupomatiaceae) from Queensland. Austrobaileya

6(2): 333-335. Eupomatia barbata Jessup, a new species from the Wet Tropics of north-east Queensland

is described and illustrated. A key to identify the three species now recognised in Eupomatia is provided.

Key words: Eupomatia barbata, Eupomatiaceae, Queensland flora, taxonomy.

L.W. Jessup, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens,

Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

The genus Eupomatia was formally established

by Robert Brown (1814) when he described

E. laurina R.Br. from Port Jackson, New South

Wales. A second species E. bennettii was

described by F. Mueller (1858) from Clarence

River, New South Wales. The genus was

originally placed in Annonaceae and is still

regarded as closely related to this family as well

as to Himantandraceae. The monogeneric

family Eupomatiaceae was described (as

Eupomatieae) by Endlicher (1841). The flowers

of Eupomatia lack a perianth, the flower being

protected in bud by a bract that forms a floral

envelope which splits circumferentially in

E. laurina and irregularly in E. bennettii and

in the new species described here. The process

of anthesis in E. laurina and E. bennettii was

described in detail by Endress (1984).

Taxonomy

Eupomatia barbata Jessup sp. nov. ab

E. laurina R. Br. habitu frutice pumilo

et inflorescentia flore singulari terminali

et ab E. bennettii F.Muell. et E. laurina

staminibus et staminodiis cum pilis

dendriticis dense intricatis et staminodiis

interioribus cum pilis caespitosis

glandulosis nonnisi in paginis

adaxialibus differt. Typus: Queensland:

Cook District. Noah’s Head area, Cape

Tribulation, Oct 1971, L.J. Webb & J.G.

Tracey 10269; (holo: BRI).

Accepted for publication 16 August 2002

Shrub to lm, often flowering at less than 30cm

high; roots with tubers. Leaves oblanceolate

or narrowly obovate, acuminate; petiole 2.5-6

mm long, decurrent as with stem ridges, lamina

6-22 cm long, 1.5-5.5 cm wide, glabrous

adaxially above, pilose adaxially below with

isolated simple and dendritic hairs,

glabrescent; base attenuate; secondary veins

10-14 pairs. Flower usually solitary, white,

terminal; peduncle c. 0.5 cm long above the

uppermost foliaceous bract. Floral envelope

cap conical with an attenuate tip, bluish-green,

splitting irregularly at anthesis. Stamens ovate,

oblong or obspathulate, 3.5-6.5 mm long, 1.2-

2.5 mm wide near their base; anthers oblong,

1.8-2.5 mm long. Anther thecae and upper

margins of stamens and outer staminodes

bearded with densely entangled hyaline,

dendritic hairs, 0.5-1 mm long. Outer

staminodes membranous, ovate, 6-7 mm long,

3.5- 4 mm wide. Inner staminodes fleshy,

oblong, 5-7 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide;

glandular hair tufts on short pedestals on the

adaxial surface. Aggregate fruit obconical,

1.5- 2 cm diam. Fig. 1.

Specimens examined : Queensland. Cook District:

Speewah, upper Clohesy River, Mar 1948, Brass 18218

(BRI); Junction Creek, Russell River, Apr 1948, Brass 18270

(BRI); Mt Hedley, 3km east-northeast of Rossville, Timber

Reserve 165, Apr 1999, Forster PIF24273 & Booth (BRI);

State Forest 310, Goldsborough, 13.5km along Goldsborough

Road, Jul 2000, Forster PIF25896, Booth and Jensen (BRI);

Bingil Bay, Clump Point National Park, Jul 2000, Forster

PIF25947 & Booth (BRI); ‘Cauliflorous fig’ site W of lower

Kraft Creek, Jul 1995, Hunter JH5037 (BRI); Crawfords

Lookout to Tchupalla Falls track, Feb 1982, Jessup 475 &

Tracey (BRI); c. 1km W of Garradunga and c. 14km N of

Innisfail, Nov 1982, Jessup 508 (BRI); upper reaches of

334

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 333-335 (2002)

Fig.l.A&B: Eupomatialaurina. A. flowerx2;B.stamensandstaminodesx3. C&D: Eupomatiabennettii. C. flower

x 2; D. stamens and staminodes x 3. E & F: Eupomatia barbata. E. flower x 2; F. stamens and staminodes x 3. A & B:

Jessup 902 (BRI). C&D: Bostock s.n. AQ567859 (BRI). E & F: Sankowsky s.n. AQ567858 (BRI). Del. W. Smith.

Jessup, Eupomatia

335

North Johnstone River in SF 755 on road from Glen Allyn

and NE of Millaa Millaa, Nov 1982, Jessup 528 (BRI);

Nandroya Falls track, Henrietta Creek, Nov 1992, Jessup

908 (BRI); Noah Head, 5.6km SSW of Cape Tribulation

beach, Nov 1988, Jessup GJM641, Guymer & McDonald

(BRI); South of Junction of E and W Mulgrave Rivers, SF

310, Goldfield LA, Nov 1988, Jessup GJM1661, Guymer

& McDonald (BRI); Stallion Pocket, 8.6km SSE of Little

Mulgrave township, Nov 1988, Jessup GJM1857, Guymer

& McDonald (BRI); Jordan LA, 16.5km SE Millaa Millaa,

Oct 1988, Jessup GJM2006, Guymer & McDonald (BRI);

Downey Creek, SA 34, 24.6km SE of Millaa Millaa, Oct

1988, Jessup GJM2191, Guymer & McDonald (BRI);

1.4km SE of Cooroo Peak at the head of Culla Creek, 14km

NW of South Johnstone, Oct 1988, Jessup GJM2554,

Guymer & McDonald (BRI); Shiptons Flat, Nov 1992,

Sankowsky (BRI) (spirit material only); Juara Creek area, c.

16kmNEof Atherton, Aug 1948, Smith 3785 (BRI); Baileys

Creek, north of Daintree River, 1962, Webb & Tracey 6483

(BRI); Boonjee, W of Mt Bartle Frere, 1962, Webb & Tracey

6563, 6580 (BRI); Gregory Falls, Lower Palmerston via

Innisfail, 1962, Webb & Tracey 6629 (BRI); Miriwinni near

Mt Bartle Frere, 1962, Webb & Tracey 6675 (BRI); El Arish-

Mission Beach Road, 1962, Webb & Tracey 6789 (BRI);

Macnamee Creek National Park W of Mena Creek, near

Innisfail, Oct 1968, Webb & Tracey 11369 (BRI); Mt

Sampson, Jun 1973, Webb & Tracey 11827 (BRI);

Brinsmead Road near Cairns, Dec 1977, Webb & Tracey

13736 (BRI); Bellenden Ker, Mar 1922, White 1254 (BRI)

(ft); between Cairns and Herberton, 1891, Wild s.n. (BRI)

(fl). North Kennedy District: near Koolmoon Creek, Apr

1956, White 1304 (BRI).

Distribution and Habitat : Occurs from the

Annan River to the Tully River, Queensland,

in mesophyll and notophyll vine forest.

Conservation Status: The species is

adequately conserved in the National Parks

throughout its range.

Etymology: The specific epithet is from Latin

barba, a beard, referring to the tangled hairs

present on the stamens and outer staminodes.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Garry Sankowsky for

providing spirit material of the new species,

Will Smith for the line drawings and Les

Pedley for checking the Latin diagnosis.

Key to species of Eupomatia

1. Woody shrub or small tree; stem internodes terete; flowers axillary.E. laurina

Herbaceous shrubs with few leaves; stem internodes 2-ridged, decurrent

with petiole; flower terminal, usually solitary.2

2. Stamens glabrous or with scattered minute hairs; inner staminodes with

glandular hair tufts on margins and both surfaces.E. bennettii

Stamens and outer staminodes with densely entangled dendritic hairs; inner

staminodes with glandular hair tufts only an adaxial surface.E. barbata

References

Brown, R. (1814) . In Flinders, Voyage Terra Australis 2

(App.3): 597.

Endlicher, S.L. (1841). Eupomatieae. Enchiridion

botanicum. 425. Leipzig, W. Engelmann; Wien, Fr.

Beck et al.

Endress, P.K. (1984).The flowering process in the

Eupomatiaceae (Magnoliales), Bot. Jahrb. Syst.

104(3): 297-319.

Mueller, F. (1858) Fragmenta Phytographie Australiae

1:45. Melbourne: Victorian Government.

Indagator fordii , a new genus and species of the Sterculiaceae from

northern Queensland, Australia

David A. Halford

Summary

Halford, D.A. (2002). Indagator fordii, a new genus and species of the Sterculiaceae from northern

Queensland, Australia. Austrobaileya 6 (2): 337-340. The new genus Indagator Halford is described with

a single species Indagator fordii Halford. Notes on its distribution and habitat are provided.

Key words: Sterculiaceae, taxonomy, Australian flora, Indagator, Indagator fordii

c/- Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha,

Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

Mr Andrew Ford of CSIRO, Atherton,

Queensland brought to my attention fruiting

collections from Silver Plains Holding in north

east Queensland (. Hyland RFK25863; Gray

06459; Gray 06455) that were filed in the

Queensland Herbarium (BRI) under the genus

Commersonia (Sterculiaceae). Examination of

these collections and additional flowering

material supplied by Mr Ford revealed that the

taxon concerned did not belong in the genus

Commersonia as there are some important

differences in floral morphology that preclude

its inclusion in that genus. Further

investigations found that the collections could

not be satisfactorily placed in any of the

presently described genera in the Sterculiaceae

or Tiliaceae that had been recorded for

Australia. Based on Hutchinson’s (1967)

combined key to the tribes of Tiliaceae and

Sterculiaceae, this material belongs in tribe

Helmiopsideae of the Sterculiaceae. However,

the material is not referable to any of the genera

he included in the tribe ( Helmiopsiella

J.Arenes, Helmiopsis H.Perrier and

Nesogordonia Baill.) and is described here as

both a new genus and species belonging in tribe

Helmiopsideae.

Indagator fordii Halford, gen. et sp. nov.

Arbor semidecidua usque 9 m alta sine

anteridibus. Ramuli juvenes + cylindrici

dense stellate pubescentes; pili stellati

Accepted for publication 22 August 2002

sessiles multiangulati. Folia simplicia,

spiraliter alterna, stipulata, petiolata.

Stipulae ± lineares, 4-9 mm longae, c.

0.5 mm latae, caducae, dense stellate

pubescentes. Lamina folii ovata, 9-19

cm longa, 6-13 cm lata, chartacea, apice

acuta vel obtusa vel rotundata, basi

obtusa usque leviter cordata, marginibus

leniter denticulatis 6-10 dentibus parvis

utrinque; domatia carentia; venatio

palmata 5-7 venis e basi et utroque

venarum primariarum latere 3-5; venae

primariae lateralesque glande parva

pubescente protrudenti in margine folii

terminatae; venae laterales c. 45° e venis

primariis divergentes, curvatae pro tota

longitudine; venae interlaterales ±

scalariformes. Inflorescentiae

thrysoides, axillares, ad axillas superas

limitatae, bracteatis cymulis ultimis 3-

5 floribus. Flores bisexuales pedicellati.

Sepala 5, valvata sub anthesi tarde

secedentia plerumque proximaliter

connata remanentia, 5-7 mm longa;

pagina abaxialis verrucata, stellate

pubescens; pagina adaxialis laevis, +

glabra praeter pilos crispatos simplices

dissitos. Petala 5, anguste obovata, 9-

11 mm longa, 3-4.5 mm lata, glabra,

incisuris irregularibus distaliter.

Stamina 25-30; filamenta teretia glabra,

basi breviter connata; antherae

dorsifixae bilobatae, thecis ellipsoideis,

longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Staminodia

5, ligulata, c. 3.2 mm longa, glabra.

338

Ovarium superum, sessile, 5(raro 4)

loculare, depresso-globosum, dense

stellate pubescens; ovula apicaliter affixa,

1-4 in quoque loculo; styli 5(raro 4),

coaliti longitudinaliter, 4.5-5.5 mm

longi, + glabri praeter pilos stellatos

dissitos proximaliter; stigma parvum.

Fructus capsula tarde dehiscens, dense

stellate pubescens, spinis validis 4-10

mm longis tecta, corpore fructus

depressogloboso, c. 15 mm longo, c. 22

mm lato. Semen ovoideum, 7-8 mm

longum, c. 5 mm in latitudine, in exotesta

papyracea persistente inclusum. Typus:

Queensland. Cook District: Klondike

Mine Road, 1 Dec 1995, B. Gray 6455

(holo: BRI).

Semi-deciduous tree up to 9 m high, without

buttresses, occasionally multistemmed; stems

up to 10 cm dbh. Bark fissured, flaky; outer

blaze yellow, white or cream with longitudinal

stripes and fibrous. Young branchlets +

cylindrical, densely stellate-pubescent,

glabrescent; stellate hairs sessile,

multiangulate, ferruginous, up to 0.5 mm

across. Older branchlets longitudinally rugose,

sparsely lenticellate, + greyish coloured;

lenticels ± circular or elliptic, up to 1 mm at

their widest point, whitish or pale brown.

Leaves simple, spirally alternate, stipulate,

petiolate. Stipules ± linear, 4-9 mm long, c.

0.5 mm wide, densely stellate-hairy, caducous.

Petioles cylindrical, 3-8 cm long, slightly

swollen at base and at the junction with the

leaf lamina, densely stellate-hairy when young

with hairs similar to those of the young

branchlet, glabrescent. Leaf lamina ovate, 9-

19 cm long, 6-13 cm wide, chartaceous, acute,

obtuse or rounded at apex, obtuse to shallowly

cordate at base, with margins weakly

denticulate with 6 to 10 small teeth per side;

adaxial and abaxial surfaces stellate pubescent

when young, becoming glabrous except for

persistent stellate hairs along primary and

lateral veins; domatia absent; venation slightly

raised on adaxial surface, prominent on abaxial

surface, palmate with 5-7 veins from base with

3 to 5 lateral veins per side of primary veins;

primary and lateral veins ending in a small

hairy gland protruding from leaf margin;

lateral veins at c. 45 deg. to primary veins,

curved throughout their length; interlateral

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 337-340 (2002)

veins ± scalariform. Inflorescences thyrsoid,

axillary, confined to the upper leaf axils,

bracteate, 15-30 mm long, with ultimate

cymules 3-5 flowered; peduncles densely

stellate-hairy; bracts narrowly oblong to linear,

1-4 mm long, densely stellate-hairy. Flowers

bisexual, pedicellate; pedicels + terete, 5-7 mm

long, densely stellate-hairy. Sepals 5, valvate,

tardily separating at anthesis, usually

remaining connate proximally, 5-7 mm long;

abaxial surface verrucate, stellate-hairy;

adaxial surface smooth, ± glabrous except for

scattered crispate simple hairs distally. Petals

5, narrowly obovate, 9-11 mm long, 3-4.5 mm

wide, glabrous, irregularly notched distally.

Stamens 25-30; filaments terete, 3-5 mm long,

glabrous, shortly connate at base; anthers c.

0.5 mm long, dorsifixed, bilobate, with thecae

ellipsoid, longitudinally dehiscent. Staminodes

5, ligulate, c. 3.2 mm long, glabrous. Ovary

superior, sessile, 5 (rarely 4)-locular, depressed

globose, c. 1.3 mm long, c. 2 mm across,

densely stellate-hairy; ovules attached apically,

1-4 in each loculus; styles 5(rarely 4), fused

along their length, 4.5-5.5 mm long, +

glabrous except for scattered stellate hairs

proximally; stigma small. Fruit a capsule,

tardily dehiscent, densely stellate-hairy, densely

covered with spines 4-10 mm long; fruit body

depressed globose, c. 15 mm long, c. 22 mm

wide. Seed ovoid, 7-8 mm long, c. 5 mm

across, loosely enclosed in papery, persistent

exotesta. Fig. 1.

Additional specimens : Queensland. Cook District:

Klondike Mine Road, Silver Plains Holding, May 1995,

Hyland RFK25863 (BRI); Klondike Mine Road, Dec 1995,

Gray 06459 (BRI); cult. Atherton, exl SilverPtains Holding

Jan 2002, Ford 2606 (BRI).

Distribution and habitat : Indagator fordii is

known only from the type locality on Silver

Plains Holding, c. 15 km SE of Coen, Cape

York Peninsula, Queensland, where it is

recording as growing in vine thickets.

Phenology: Flowering has been observed in

cultivation from January and February (A.

Ford, 2002, pers. comm.); mature fruits have

been recorded in the native population in

December and May.

Etymology: The generic name Indagator is

Latin for an investigator or explorer and refers

to the ship “ Investigator ” which was

Halford, Indagator fordii

339

"™ ,ir 'HI t-——

.. v FnKr- n ” h^FBiWuy lB=i:

M3 &8&IH3

Fig. 1 . Indagator fordii. Photograph of holotype.

340

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 337-340 (2002)

commanded by Matthew Flinders when he

carried out a circumnavigation of the

Australian continent from 1801 to 1803. The

generic name has masculine gender.

The specific epithet honours Andrew

Ford of Atherton, Queensland, an avid and

talented field botanist whose collections have

greatly improved our knowledge of north east

Queensland flora.

Acknowledgements

I would thank Andrew Ford for bringing this

species to my attention and supplying flowering

specimens, Gordon Guymer for making space

and facilities available at BRI to me, Les Pedley

for providing the Latin name and description

for me, and an anonymous referee for

commenting on the manuscript.

References

Hutchinson, J. (1967). The Genera of Flowering Plants,

Volume 2. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

Rediscovery of Glossocardia orthochaeta (F. Muell.) Veldk. (Asteraceae)

from north-east Queensland

A. B. Pollock

Summary

Pollock, A.B. (2002). Rediscovery of Glossocardia orthochaeta (F. Muell.) Veldk. (Asteraceae) from

north-east Queensland. Austrobaileya 6(2): 341-343. Details of the third record of the rare and poorly

known Glossocardia orthochaeta (F. Muell.) Veldk. are presented. The habitat of this taxon is described

for the first time. A revision of its conservation status to “Vulnerable” is recommended.

Keywords: Glossocardia orthochaeta.

A. B. Pollock, Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens

Mt Coot-tha, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia.

Introduction

The Queensland Herbarium (BRI) has recently

completed a detailed survey of the vegetation

of the far-eastern Einasleigh Uplands

bioregion, as part of the mapping of the

vegetation of the state of Queensland. This

survey, conducted during ideal seasonal

conditions for plant collection, has returned

several records of rare or threatened taxa, as

well as substantial range extensions of other

plants. The most significant of these, the third

collection of the rare Glossocardia orthochaeta

(F. Muell.) Veldk., is outlined below.

This taxon was originally described as

Glossogyne orthochaeta, from a single

specimen (Mueller 1891). Veldkamp (1992)

recently transferred the 3 Australian

Glossogyne species in Australia to the genus

Glossocardia Cass. A full description of

G. orthochaeta is given by Veldkamp (1992).

Glossocardia orthochaeta is a striking

plant with showy flower heads, the largest (c.

50 mm diameter) within the genus

Glossocardia in Australia. Even when

infertile, it is a distinctive large perennial plant

to 80 cm tall (Fig. 1). It can be distinguished

from all other Queensland Glossocardia by its

size, numerous imbricate, non-basal cauline

leaves, and presence of reflexed and

transversely folded involucral bracts

(Veldkamp 1992).

The only prior Queensland Herbarium

(BRI) collection of Glossocardia orthochaeta

is that of C.H. Gittins (collection no. 528), in

1962 from the Stannary Hills. The other

collection of this taxon is held at the Royal

Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium

(MEL), recorded as “Near the South Coen

River, 1891, Stephen Johnson s.n.” As noted

by Veldkamp (1992), no details of habitat have

previously been recorded. Indeed, it is nearly

forty years since this species was last observed,

a criterion that would suggest extinction for

some other taxa, eg. fauna.

The Stannary Hills are known as an area

of high local floristic endemism, and have

undergone much botanical collection in the last

20 years. Several skilled botanists, from BRI

and elsewhere, have extensively collected in

this area where G. orthochaeta has been

recorded previously. In addition, the earliest

collection from the South Coen River remains

the only record within the Cape York Peninsula

area, despite extensive collection across this

region some 100 years later by Neldner and

Clarkson (In prep.). Glossocardia orthochaeta

is a conspicuous plant in the field (Veldkamp

1992; pers. obs.), and is unlikely to have been

missed. These observations suggest that the

species is highly localised, or is restricted to

microhabitats not frequented by plant

collectors.

Accepted for publication 6 August 2002

342

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 341-343 (2002)

Specimen details

Queensland. North Kennedy District:

Kallanda Station, about 50 km W/SW of

Ingham, N. Queensland. 18°, 50’S 145° 50’E,

April 2001 Pollock 1083 & Turpin (BRI).

Habit : An erect forb to 0.5 m tall with dark

green sub-fleshy leaves, and large bright yellow

flowers (Fig 1). Rare at this locality, only c.

six plants observed, with only one individual

flowering.

Habitat : Steep rocky granite gorge with boulder

stacks and open areas of granite pavement.

Soils are granitic lithosols. Growing on the

edge of very tall open woodland of Araucaria

cunninghamii with mid-dense shrub layer of

Labichea nitida and Acacia leptostachya. A

thin grassy ground layer of Digitaria sp. and

Eriachne pallescens is present.

Distribution : This record is a significant range

extension, some 220 km from the previous

record of Gittins, making it the most southerly

known. The range of this species covers some

700 km in total (Map 1).

Status : This species is currently recorded as

“Rare” in the 2000 schedule of the Nature

Conservation Act (1992). However, it is the

author’s opinion that the conservation status

of this taxon needs to be reappraised. With no

recent collections other than described above

and no known populations conserved, it seems

that a conservation coding of Vulnerable (VU)

is appropriate, as category D of the IUCN Red

list (Anonymous 2001) is fulfilled (population

characterised by an acute restriction in area of

occupancy (< 100km 2 ) and found in less than

5 locations).

This species is likely to be found on

granite rock pavements in partially shaded

areas close to minor creeks, perhaps on the

ecotone between dry vine or shrub thickets and

open grassy woodlands. Gorge lands or deep

valleys with moist influence may also be

suitable. Further searches in suitable areas

within its current known range are needed in

order to determine the full extent of the

population in this area.

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to the owners of Kallanda Station,

for allowing access to their property. Thanks

also to Ailsa Holland for assistance in the initial

identification of this species, and for comments

on drafts of this paper. Donovan Sharpe

provided the specimen photograph. Rosemary

Niehus kindly helped to produce the map.

References

Anonymous, (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria:

Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission.

IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii

+ 30 pp.

Mueller, F.V. (1891) Descriptions of new Australian Plants

with occasional other annotations. Victorian

Naturalist 8:110

Neldner, V.J. and Clarkson, J. (In preparation) Plants of

Cape York Peninsula. Queensland Herbarium,

Queensland Government.

Veldkamp, J.F. (1992). Notes on Australian Coreopsidinae

(Compositae). Austrobaileya 3(4): 741-744.

Map 1 . Distribution of G. orthochaeta in north-east

Queensland

Pollock, Glossocardia orthochaeta

343

Fig 1. Glossocardia orthochaeta F. Muell (Yeldkamp). A.B. Pollock 1083 and G. Turpin , Kallanda Station, North Kennedy

Pastoral District (BRI). (Approx, half natural size).

Note

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 345 (2002)

Two new combinations in Corymbia K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson (Myrtaceae)

The genus Corymbia was described by Hill &

Johnson (1995). While the circumscription and

rank of Corymbia are the subject of continuing

debate among Australian botanists, it has, for

the present, been accepted by all major

Australian herbaria as portrayed by its authors.

This being the case, new combinations

are required to more accurately describe two

taxa from north Queensland.

Corymbia serendipita (Brooker & Kleinig)

A.R.Bean, comb. nov.

Eucalyptus serendipita Brooker & Kleinig,

Field Guide to Eucalypts Vol. 3, p. 371

(1994). Type: Queensland. [Cook

District:] hills between Robertson and

Gilbert Rivers, SW of Forsyth, 6

November 1992, M.I.H. Brooker 11380

& D.A. Kleinig (holo: CANB; iso: BRI,

MEL, NSW).

Corymbia arnhemensis subsp. monticola

K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, Telopea 6:

273 (1995). Type: Queensland. [Cook

District:] Chudleigh Park station,

southern Gregory Range, on track to

upper Stawell River, 29 July 1990, K.

Hill 3733 & L. Stanberg (holo: NSW;

iso: BRI, CANB).

C. serendipita differs significantly from

C. arnhemensis sens. str. by its cuneate juvenile

leaves (vs. sagittate), its adult leaves with

numerous island oil glands (vs. glandless), and

its bark which abruptly changes from rough to

smooth.

Corymbia stockeri subsp. peninsularis

(K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson) A.R.Bean,

comb. nov.

Corymbia hylandii subsp. peninsularis

K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, Telopea 6:

284 (1995). Type: Queensland. Cook

District: levee on N side of Archer

River, Peninsula Development Road, K.

Hill 1769, P. Hind & D. Healey, 22 July

1986 (holo: NSW; iso: BRI, CANB,

PERTH).

C. stockeri subsp. peninsularis is clearly allied

to C. stockeri subsp. stockeri, and differs from

it mainly by the lesser amount of rough bark

and the lack of “speckles” on the fruit. The

two taxa appear to intergrade north of Laura.

Brooker & Kleinig (1994: 71) treated

C. stockeri in the broad sense, extending from

Cape York to Irvinebank, but I feel that a

distinction at subspecies level is warranted.

C. hylandii differs from C. stockeri by

its smaller stature, the non-scurfy buds, shorter

fruits, grey-brown bark persistent to smaller

branches, and the rather dull adult leaves. It

grows on metamorphic substrates in the Laura-

Mt Carbine-Dimbulah areas.

References

Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. (1994). Field Guide to

Eucalypts, Volume 3. Sydney: Inkata Press.

Hill, K.D. & Johnson, L.A.S. (1995). Systematic studies in

the eucalypts 7. Arevision of the bloodwoods, genus

Corymbia (Myrtaceae). Telopea 6: 185-504.

Accepted for publication 7 February 2002

A.R. Bean

Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane Botanic Gardens

Mt Coot-tha, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, 4066 Queensland

Austrobaileya 6 (2): 347 (2002)

Addition

Austrobaileya 6 (1): 2001

The map (Map 6.) referred to on p. 26 line 52 column 2 was omitted from the article. A copy of

the map is shown below.

Index

Acacia 177,257,261,318,323

Acacia bidwillii 177, 181, 182, 186

Acacia bidwillii var. major 181, 183

Acacia bidwillii var. polytricha 181

Acacia calligera 183

Acacia clarksoniana 177, 181, 182, 184, 186

Acacia clarksoniania 182

Acacia delibrata 183

Acacia ditricha 179, 181, 182, 185, 186

Acacia douglasica 177, 179, 181, 182, 186

Acacia famesiana 177, 179, 180, 185, 186

Acacia famesiana var. farnesiana 180

Acacia famesiana var. guanacastensis 180

Acacia julifera 183

Acacia lenticellata 180

Acacia leptoclada 181

Acacia leptoclada var. polyphylla 181

Acacia leptostachya 342

Acacia nilotica 177, 182

Acacia nilotica subsp. Indica 177, 182, 186

Acacia oligoneura 183

Acacia pachyphloia 180

Acacia pachyphloia subsp. brevipinnula 186

Acacia pachyphloia subsp. pachyphloia 186

Acacia pallida 177, 180, 181, 183, 184

Acacia pallidifolia 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183,

184, 185, 186

Acacia pallidifolia 180

Acacia pedunculata 180

Acacia plagiophylla 184

Acacia pterocarpa 183

Acacia suberosa 179, 186

Acacia subg 177

Acacia subg. Phyllodineae 177

Acacia subgen. Aculeiferum 177

Acacia sutherlandii 179

Acacia sutherlandii 186

Acacia tomlosa 183

Acacia turbata 177, 180, 184, 186

Acacia valida 177, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184

Acacia reclinata 183

Acacia stipulosa 183

Acalyphoideae 273, 274

Acerosae 189

Albizzia sutherlandii 179

Amperea 274

Ampereae 273

Asteraceae 341

Bertya andrewsii, 189, 245

Bertya astrotricha 193, 245

Bertya brownii 189,193,194,195,

228, 242, 245

Bertya calycina 187, 191, 192,

195, 196, 242, 245

Bertya cunninghamii 187, 188, 189, 191,

197, 198, 199, 215,216, 245

Bertya cunninghamii Planch, subsp.

cunninghamii 245

Bertya cunninghamii subsp. cunninghamii 197,

198, 242

Bertya cunninghamii subsp. pubiramula 187,

197, 198, 199, 242, 245

Bertya cunninghamii subsp. rupicola 197,

199, 242, 245

Bertya cupressoidea 240, 245

Bertya dimerostigma 191,189,

199, 200, 242, 245

Bertya dimerostigma var. cupressoidea 240, 245

Bertya dimerostigma var. genuina 200, 245

Bertya emestiana 187, 191,

200, 201, 202, 243, 245

Bertya findlayi 187, 189, 193, 203, 205,

208, 243, 245

Bertya glabrescens 223, 245

Bertya glandulosa 189, 193, 196, 204, 205,

219, 243,245

Bertya grampiana 187, 193, 205, 206, 207, 208,

212, 245

Bertya granitica 187, 189, 191, 206, 208, 209,

211,225,230, 243,245

Bertya gummifera 187, 188, 189, 191, 208, 211,

225, 230, 243, 245

Bertya gummifera Planch, var. gummifera 245

Bertya gummifera var. genuina 210, 245

Bertya gummifera var. psiloclada 241, 245

Bertya ingramii 193, 205, 208, 211, 212,

227, 243, 245

Bertya lapicola 187, 189, 191, 212, 213, 215,

216, 245

Bertya lapicola subsp. brevifolia 187, 213,

215,243,245

Bertya lapicola subsp. lapicola 213, 214,

215,243

Bertya linearifolia 215, 216, 217, 187, 189, 191,

243, 245

Bertya mitchellii (Sond.) Mull.Arg.var.

mitchellii 245

Bertya mitchellii 188, 189, 237, 239,

220, 221,238,245

Bertya mitchellii var. genuina 220

Bertya mitchellii var. genuina Griming 245

Bertya mitchellii var. vestita 238, 245

Bertya mollissima 192, 193, 216, 218, 243, 245

Bertya neglecta 210, 245

Bertya oblonga 192, 204, 218, 219, 243, 245

Bertya oblongifolia 188, 189, 227, 245

Bertya oleifolia 187, 188, 189, 192, 220, 221,

227, 239, 243, 245

Bertya oleifolia var. glabrescens 223, 245

Bertya opponens 189,191,192,

221, 222, 223, 243

Bertya oppositifolia 189, 221, 245

Bertya pedicellata 187, 188, 189, 196, 201, 212,

223, 224, 243, 245

Bertya pinifolia 187, 188, 189, 191, 208, 211,

225, 226, 230, 244, 245

Bertya polymorpha 187, 208, 220, 221, 245

Bertya polymorpha forma genuina 220

Bertya polymorpha forma mitchelliana 187, 208

Bertya polymorpha forma rosmarinifolia 233

Bertya polystigma 187, 189, 226, 227, 244, 245

Bertya pomaderroides 187, 188, 189,192, 193,

195, 212, 227, 228, 244, 245

Bertya pomaderroides F.Muell. var.

pomaderroides 245

Bertya pomaderroides var. angustifolia 227, 245

Bertya psiloclada 241, 245

Bertya quadrisepala 189, 241, 245

Bertya recurvata 187, 189, 191, 208, 211, 225,

228, 230, 244, 245

Bertya riparia 193, 187,

230, 231,232, 233, 244, 245

Bertya rosmarinifolia 187, 188, 189, 190, 192,

233, 234, 238, 244, 245

Bertya rotundifolia 188, 189, 193,

234, 235, 244, 245

Bertya sect. Bertya 188, 189

Bertya sharpeana 193, 235, 236, 244, 245

Bertya subsect. Acerosae 189

Bertya subsect. Recurvae 189

Bertya tasmanica 188, 189, 192, 234, 236, 237,

238, 245

Bertya tasmanica subsp. tasmanica 237, 238,

239, 244

Bertya tasmanica subsp.vestita 187, 221, 233,

237, 238, 239, 244, 245

Bertya virgata 187, 190, 240, 241, 244, 245

Bertyinae, 187

Beyeria virgata 240, 245

Borneodendron 187

Cocconerion 187

Commersonia 337

Corymbia arnhemensis subsp. monticola 345

Corymbia henryi 213

Corymbia hylandii 345

Corymbia hylandii subsp. peninsularis 345

Corymbia serendipita 345

Corymbia stockeri subsp. peninsularis 345

Corymbia stockeri subsp. stockeri 345

Corymbia terminalis 260

Corymbia stockeri 345

Crotalaria sturtii 305

Crotalaria acicularis 297, 298, 299

Crotalaria agatiflora 294, 295

Crotalaria alata 294, 296

Crotalaria aridicola 293, 294, 295, 319, 320, 323

Crotalaria aridicola Domin subsp. Aridicola 320,

321

Crotalaria aridicola subsp. Aridicola 320,

322, 323

Crotalaria aridicola subsp. densifolia 320,

321,322,323

Crotalaria aridicola subsp. glabrata

293, 320, 321, 322, 323

Crotalaria benthamiana 293,310,311

Crotalaria brevis 293, 294, 297, 301, 302,

303, 304

Crotalaria calycina 294, 297

Crotalaria crassipes 293, 312, 313

Crotalaria crispata 293, 294,

296, 298, 299, 300, 301

Crotalaria cunninghamii 293, 294, 296, 304, 305,

306, 307, 323

Crotalaria cunninghamii subsp. sturtii 293, 305,

307

Crotalaria cunninghamii var. trifoliolata 305, 307

Crotalaria dissitiflora 293, 294, 295, 308, 310

Crotalaria dissitiflora Benth. subsp. dissitiflora

308

Crotalaria dissitiflora subsp. benthamiana 293,

308,309,310

Crotalaria dissitiflora subsp. dissitiflora 308, 309

Crotalaria dissitiflora subsp. rugosa 308, 309,

310

Crotalaria dissitiflora var. grandiflora 310, 311

Crotalaria distans 294, 295

Crotalaria eremaea 293, 294, 295, 296

Crotalaria exserta 293, 315, 316

Crotalaria goreensis 294, 295

Crotalaria grahamiana 294, 295

Crotalaria humifusa 293, 294, 297, 298, 299

Crotalaria incana 294, 295

Crotalaria juncea 294, 296

Crotalaria laburnifolia 294, 295

Crotalaria lanceolata 294, 295

Crotalaria linifolia 293, 313, 315, 316

Crotalaria lunata 294, 296

Crotalaria lunulata 300

Crotalaria medicaginea 293, 294, 295, 316, 319,

323

Crotalaria medicaginea var. angustata 317, 319,

320

Crotalaria medicaginea var. australiensis 316,

319

Crotalaria medicaginea var. herniarioides 319

Crotalaria medicaginea var. linearis 293, 316,

318

Crotalaria medicaginea var. luxurians 319

Crotalaria medicaginea var. medicaginea

316,318

Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta 316, 317,

319,230

Crotalaria melanocarpa 293, 304

Crotalaria membranacea 293, 299

Crotalaria micans 294, 295

Crotalaria mitchellii 294, 296

Crotalaria montana 293, 294, 297,

304,313,315,316

Crotalaria montana var. angustifolia

303.313.314

Crotalaria montana var. exserta 293, 303,

313.314.315

Crotalaria montana var. montana 313

Crotalaria mysorensis 293, 294, 296, 299

Crotalaria nana 293, 304

Crotalaria novae-hollandiae 293, 294, 296, 311,

312, 113

Crotalaria novae-hollandiae DC. subsp. novae-

holla 311

Crotalaria novae-hollandiae subsp. crassipes 293,

309,312

Crotalaria novae-hollandiae subsp. lasiophylla

309,312,313

Crotalaria novae-hollandiae subsp. novae-

hollandiae 309,313

Crotalaria ochroleuca 294, 295

Crotalaria pallida 294, 295

Crotalaria prostrata 293, 294, 297, 298

Crotalaria quinquefolia 294, 295

Crotalaria ramosissima 293, 294, 296,

298, 300, 301, 302

Crotalaria retusa 294, 296

Crotalaria sect. Calycinae 294

Crotalaria sect. Chrysocalycinae 294

Crotalaria sect. Crotalaria 294

Crotalaria sect. Dispermae 294

Crotalaria sect. Grandiflorae 294

Crotalaria sect. Hedriocarpae 294

Crotalaria sessiliflora 294, 297

Crotalaria sturtii 293, 305, 306, 307

Crotalaria trifoliastrum 293, 316, 319, 323

Crotalaria virgulata 294, 295

Crotalaria willdenowiana 323

Crotalaria zanzibarica 294, 295

Crotalaria smithiana 294, 296

Crotalaria spectabilis 294, 296

Crotalaria verrucosa 294, 296

Crotaleria mysorensis var. pauciflora 299

Croton opponens 245

Croton rosmarinifolia 234

Croton rosmarinifolius 187, 233, 234, 245

Cryptolepis grayi 329

Cryptolepis subgenus Cryptolepis 329

Cryptolepis subgenus Phyllanthera 329

Cupaniopsis anacardioides 271

Cupaniopsis baileyana 270

Cupaniopsis cooperorum 267, 268, 269, 270, 271

Cupaniopsis dallachyi 268, 271

Cupaniopsis diploglottoides 270

Cupaniopsis flagelliformis 270

Cupaniopsis fleckeri 271

Cupaniopsis foveolata 268, 270

Cupaniopsis foveolatae 267

Cupaniopsis newmanii 270

Cupaniopsis parvifolia 270, 271

Cupaniopsis serrata 270

Cupaniopsis shirleyana 270

Cupaniopsis simulatus 270, 271

Cupaniopsis tomentella 270

Cupaniopsis wadsworthii 270

Eucalyptus serendipita 345

Euphorbiaceae 187, 273

Eupomatia barbata 333, 334, 335

Eupomatia bennettii 334, 335

Eupomatia laurina 334, 335

Eupomatiaceae 333

Euryphylla Bertya sect. 188

Farnesia odora 180

Glossocardia orthochaeta 341, 343

Glossogyne orthochaeta 341

Goodenia expansa 259

Goodenia angustifolia 263

Goodenia arenicola 259, 260, 265

Goodenia armitiana 262

Goodenia armstrongiana 257, 263

Goodenia atriplexifolia 253, 256, 257, 258, 259,

263

Goodenia azurea 262

Goodenia bellidifolia 265

Goodenia berardiana 262

Goodenia byrnesii 263

Goodenia calcarata 263, 264

Goodenia cycloptera 263

Goodenia debilis 253, 255, 256, 263

Goodenia delicata 265

Goodenia disperma 259, 262, 264

Goodenia expansa 253, 256, 258, 260, 265

Goodenia fascicularis 264

Goodenia geniculata 260

Goodenia glabra 265

Goodenia glauca 263

Goodenia goodeniacea 265

Goodenia gracilis 262, 264, 265

Goodenia grandiflora 262, 264

Goodenia havilandii 263

Goodenia hederacea 265

Goodenia heterochila 264

Goodenia heteromera 263,264

Goodenia heterophylla 264, 265

Goodenia heteroptera 262

Goodenia hirsuta 264

Goodenia janamba 263

Goodenia lamprosperma 261,264

Goodenia lunata 263

Goodenia macbarronii 261, 265

Goodenia megasepala 263

Goodenia minutiflora 262

Goodenia nigrescens 264

Goodenia odonnellii 263

Goodenia orthochaeta 341, 342

Goodenia orthochaeta 341

Goodenia ovata 264

Goodenia paludicola 262

Goodenia paniculata 261

Goodenia pilosa 262

Goodenia pinnatifida 263

Goodenia pumilio 262

Goodenia purpurascens 262

Goodenia racemosa 262, 264

Goodenia ramelii 254, 262

Goodenia redacta 263

Goodenia rosulata 253, 260, 261, 264

Goodenia rotundifolia 265

Goodenia scaevolina 254, 256

Goodenia sect. Caeruleae 254

Goodenia splendida 253, 254, 255, 256, 262

Goodenia stelligera 263, 264

Goodenia stirlingii 264

Goodenia strangfordii 263, 265

Goodenia subauriculata 263

Goodenia sub gen. Monochila 253

Goodenia subsect. Borealis 257

Goodenia triodiophila 262

Goodenia vilmoriniae 262

Goodenia viridula 259, 262

Goodenia viscidula 262

Helmiopsideae 337

Helmiopsiella 337

Helmiopsis 337

Hippocrepandra ericoides 273, 292

Hippocrepandra gracilis 273, 274, 284, 292

Hippocrepandra lurida 273, 284, 292

Hippocrepandra neesiana 273, 292

Indagator 337, 338

Indagator fordii 337, 338, 339

Labichea nitida 342

Lepiderema 267

Lepiderema sp. (Topaz P.I. Forster & PIF15478)

268

Melaleuca 257, 261, 279, 319

Mimosa farnesiana 180

Monotaxis 273, 274, 275, 276, 289, 290, 292

Monotaxis bracteata 273, 274, 284, 285, 286,

287, 288, 292

Monotaxis cuneifolia 274, 278, 292

Monotaxis ericoides 274, 288, 292

Monotaxis gracilis 273, 274, 284, 287, 292

Monotaxis gracilis var. genuina 284, 292

Monotaxis gracilis var. virgata 284, 292

Monotaxis grandiflora 273, 274, 275,

287, 288, 292

Monotaxis grandiflora var. grandiflora 273, 288,

289, 292

Monotaxis grandiflora var. minor 288, 292

Monotaxis grandiflora var. obtusifolia

288, 289, 292

Monotaxis grandiflora var. typica 288, 292

Monotaxis linifolia 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278,

279, 292

Monotaxis linifolia var. cuneata 276, 292

Monotaxis linifolia var. genuina 273, 276, 292

Monotaxis linifolia var. linifolia 273, 276

Monotaxis linifolia var. occidentalis 273,

278, 292

Monotaxis linifolia var. tridentata 273, 276, 292

Monotaxis lurida 274, 284, 287, 292

Monotaxis luteiflora

273, 275, 280, 282, 283, 284, 290

Monotaxis luteiflora 280, 282, 283, 292

Monotaxis macrophylla 279, 280, 281, 292

Monotaxis macrophylla 273,

274, 275, 280, 283, 284

Monotaxis megacarpa 284, 285, 292

Monotaxis megacarpa 273, 274, 287

Monotaxis neesiana 274, 292

Monotaxis occidentalis 273, 274, 278, 279

Monotaxis occidentalis 275, 278, 279, 292

Stenophylla Bertya sect. 188,189

Sterculiaceae 337

Vachellia farnesiana 180

Nesogordonia 337

Oldenlandia 325

Oldenlandia intonsa 325, 326, 327

Oldenlandia thysanota 325, 326

Phyllanthera 329

Phyllanthera multinervosa 329, 330

Phyllanthera takeuchiana 329, 330, 331

Popanax farnesiana 180

Racosperma 177

Ricinocarpeae Miill.Arg. 187

Ricinocarpos 187

Ricinocarpos mitchellii 187, 220, 221, 245

Ricinocarpos muricatus 189, 241

Ricinocarpos psiloclada 241

Ricinocarpos stylosus 189

Ricinocarpos stylosus 189, 241

Ricinocarpos tasmanicus 236, 245

Sapindaceae 267

Senegalia 177

serpens 250

Sessiliflorae 189

Solanum 247

Solanum acanthodapis 247, 248, 252

Solanum acanthodapis 247, 250, 251

Solanum acanthodapis 247, 250, 252

Solanum discolor var. procumbens 247, 248

Solanum furfuraceum 250

Solanum serpens 247, 248, 249, 250, 252

Solanum stelligerum 247

Solanum stelligerum var. procumbens 247, 248

Solanum subg. Leptostemonum 247

Solanum tetrathecum 250

Solanum ellipticum 250

Monotaxis oldfieldii 274, 284, 287, 292

Monotaxis paxii 273, 274, 275, 289, 290, 292

Monotaxis sect. Eumonotaxis 274, 276

Monotaxis sect. Hippocrepandra 273, 274, 284

Monotaxis sect. Linidion 273, 276

Monotaxis sect. Monotaxis 273, 274, 276, 279

Monotaxis stowardii 274, 284, 287, 292

Monotaxis tenuis 274, 275, 280, 283

Monotaxis tenuis 275, 283, 284, 292

Monotaxis tridentata 273, 274, 276, 292

Montaxis tenuis 273

Myricanthe 187